---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,m9or errors1 attributable to ! pr9t]1 h be5 correct$4 ,please see ! transcrib]'s note at ! end ( ?is text = details reg>d+ ! h&l+ ( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its prep>ation4 ,!re are a few apo!c>y symbols employ$ :i* may n display prop]ly 9 y\r read]1 dep5d+ ^u local "* sets4 ,?is v]sion ( ! text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical effects4 ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' "* z italic4 ,bold *>act]s are delimit$ ) '' & und]l9$ *>act]s ) ''4 ,a c>at 77 is us$ to d5ote a sup]script$ "*4 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! p>agraphs 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4 ,sid5otes appe> ei!r be=e ! p>agraph :i* !y annotate1 or inl9e delimit$ z ,sid5ote3 4444 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,fry',s ,,arg5tic ,,bromide ,,enl>gem5ts 8,,are ,,l ,,f9e ,,engrav+s40--,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,photography4 8,,arti/ic ,,9 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,degree40--,c\rt ,circul>4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,enl>g+ & ,f9i%+ ^u ,,pap]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,dim5sions ,cut ,f9i%+ ( ,pap] ,enl>gem5t ,m\nts ,f9i%+ 9 ,mono- 9 9 in*es4 ,enl>gem5t m\nt$ extra *rome4 ,beyond wat]-col\rs only4 on ,c>d4 any ,enl>gem5t & 9 %ape ,*>ge4 oils4 op5+4 #crd4 #bnd4 #a/4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 #hf1 #abg #b #f #c #j #j #i #e #j #aj #j #ae #j #ajh1 #abaj #aeab #c #j #c #i #a #j #f #j #ab #j #ah #j #ahae #c #f #d #f #a #c #g #j #ad #j #ba #j second-class #bjaf #d #j #e #j #a #c #h #j #af #j #bd #j ,mono*rome #bcag #e #j #f #j #a #c #aj #j #bj #j #cj #j to d\ble #bdah #g #f #i #j #b #j #aj #j #bj #j #cj #j fir/-class #bdbj ditto #cjbb #aj #j #aa #f #b #f #ab #f #be #j #cg #f #cjbe #ab #f #ae #j #c #j #ae #j #cj #j #de #j ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,enl>g+ & ,f9i%+ on ,,opal4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,dim5sions ,f9i%+ 9 ,mono- ,f9i%+ 9 ,,enl>gem5ts ( ,opal ,enl>gem5t *rome4 ,beyond ,wat] ,col\rs ,,on ,,canvas4 9 in*es4 only4 ,enl>gem5t & 9 ,oils4 ,*>ge4 #crd4 #bnd4 #a/4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 s4 d4 #h #f1 #d #j #e #j #aj #j #ae #j #aj #j to #cj #j #aj #h #d #f #f #j #ab #j #bd #j #ab #j 0 #cf #j #ab #g #e #j #g #f #ae #j #cj #j #ae #j 0 #de #j #ab #aj #ae #ab #g #f #aj #j #bj #j #ce #j #ag #j 0 #de #j ,,prices ,,on #ag #aj #ah #ae #ae #j #ad #j #be #c #g #j #bj #j 0 #ej #j ,,application #bj #af #bj #j #af #j #bg #c #h #j #bb #j 0 #gj #j #bd #ah #be #j #bj #j #bj #j #aj #j #be #j 0 #gj #j ,,full ,,price ,,li/s ,,( ,,dry ,,plates1 ,,bromide ,,pap]s1 ,,enl>gem5ts1 ,,*emicals1 ,,c>d ,,m\nts1 c41 c41 ,,free ,,on ,,application ,,to ,,samuel ,,fry ,,co41 ,,limit$1 #e1 ,*&os ,/41 ,*>+ ,cross1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,works3 ,,k+/on-,,on-,,?ames4 ,telegraphic ,address3 8,,enl>gem5ts1 ,,london40 ,,! ,,autotype ,,company1 ,,london4 ------------------------------------ ,,= ,,! ,,arti/ic ,,decoration ,,( ,,! ,,home1 ,,visit ,,! ,,autotype ,,f9e ,,art ,,gall]y1 #gd1 ,,new ,,ox=d ,,/reet 7#bj doors we/ ( ,mudie's ,libr>y74 ------------------------------------ ,,spl5did ,,copies ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,ma/]s1 f ! mo/ celebrat$ ,gall]ies ( ,europe4 ,,reproductions ,,( ,,mod]n ,,pa9t+s1 f ! ,luxemb\rg1 8,! ,salon10 ,royal ,academy1 c4 ,,delightful ,,little ,,pictures1 elegantly fram$1 aft] ,,b>tolozzi1 ,,sir ,,jo%ua ,,reynolds1 ,,romney1 & ! ,great ,engli% ,portraiti/s4 ,,turn]',s 8,,lib] ,,/udiorum10 ) ,notes by ,,/op=d ,,brooke1 ,m4,b4 ,a ,pamphlet1 8,,autotype3 ,a ,decorative & ,educational ,art40 ,f\r ,illu/rations--,description ( ,autotype--,sugge/ions = ,pictures & ,fram+1 c4 ,free by ,po/4 ,,autotype ,,book ,,illu/rations4 ,! ,,autotype ,,company (f] _! s]vices to ,,au?ors & ,,publi%]s to produce by ! ,autotype ,process1 ,book ,illu/rations ( ! highe/ excell5ce ( any subjects capable ( be+ photograph$4 ,among ! ,,"w ,,rec5tly ,,done may be cit$ ,wyon's 8,great ,seals ( ,engl&20 ,dr4 ,crook%ank's 8,micro-,photographs ( ,bact]ia20 8,fam\s ,monum5ts ( ,c5tral ,india10 = ,sir ,lepel ,griff91 ,k4,c4,s4,i42 8,facsimiles ( ,e>ly ,italian ,engrav+s10 = ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,briti% ,museum2 8,! ,palographical ,society's ,fasciculus = #ahhh20 8,illu/rations = ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,hell5ic ,society10 ,l9dt's 8,new ,gu9ea10 c41 c4 ------------------------------------ ,,rec5tly ,,publi%$4 ,idylls ( ! ,norfolk ,broads4 ,by ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,b4 ,twelve ,plates by ,auto-,gravure1 9 h&some ,portfolio1 ) ,descriptive ,lett]press4 ,pro(s on ,india ,pap] 7limit$ to #aej7 #a #aas4 #f;d4 ,pr9ts on ,plate ,pap] #a #as4 #j;d4 ,prospectus on application4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,old ,p>is4 ,t5 ,et*+s by ,c4 ,m,,ryon4 ,reproduc$ on ,copp] by ! ,auto-,gravure ,process1 & accompani$ ) ,preface & ,illu/rative ,notes by ,,/op=d ,a4 ,,brooke1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,plates are atta*$1 by ! upp] edge1 to ,:atman ,pap] cut-out ,m\nts1 & enclos$ 9 an elegant ,portfolio4 ,price ,?ree ,gu9eas4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,,! ,,autotype ,,company1 #gd1 ,,new ,,ox=d ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,morgan ,,kidd1 ,,inv5tors ,,( ,,! ,,arg5tic-,,gelat9o-,,bromide ,,process ,! ,/&>d ,me?od ( ,produc+ ,p]man5t ,enl>gem5ts & ,contact ,pr9ts4 ---------------------------- ,,price ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,arg5tic-,,gelat9o-,,bromide ,,pap]s4 ,,positive ,,pap]4--,= ,enl>g+ & ,pr9t+ direct f ! ,negative4 ,size4 #a-;doz4 ,size4 #a-;doz4-doz4 ,size4#a-;doz4-doz4 #d #c 7#b-;dz47 #aj #h #c_/- -- #bcag #ab_/f #f_/i #a_/c #f #d #a_/c #abaj #d_/f #c_/- #beba #ah_/f #aj_/- #h #e #a_/i #aeab #g_/- #d_/- #cjx#bc #bd_/f #ab_/f #h #f #b_/c #ah #ae #i_/f #e_/c #cjbe #bf_/f #ad_/- ,9 ,rolls ( #bj ft41 #ag 94 wide1 #abs42 #be 94 wide1 #ags4 #f;d42 & #cj 94 wide1 #bas4 ,! ,positive ,pap] c also be _h ) a r\gh surface1 same price2 b 9 all cases1 unless r\gh is specially ord]$1 smoo? is s5t4 ,,note4--,! ,arg5tic-,gelat9o-,bromide ,pap]s are s5t po/ free4 ,,sample ,,%eet1 #bc #ag1 #as4 #f;d4 ------------------------------------ ,,enl>gem5ts1 ,by ,,morgan ,,kidd1 ,f good small ,negatives1 are full ( ,delicacy & ,vig\r1 ,,& ,,equal ,,to ,a ,,f9e ,,engrav+4 ,,arti/ic1 ,,p]man5t ,,inexp5sive4 ,an ,enl>gem5t f a good ,negative is ,a ,,picture ,,& ,a ,,"w ,,( ,,art1 & is f> bett] ?an a m]e ,photo-scrap4 ,s5d = full ,price ,li/ po/ free on application4 ---------------------------- ,,morgan ,,kidd1 ,arg5tic,gelat9o,bromide ,works1 ,,kew ,,foot ,,rd41 ,,ri*mond1 ,,london1 ,s4,w4 ,,p>is--#bi1 ,b\lev>d des ,itali5s4 ,telegrams3 8,arg5tic1 ,ri*mond1 ,surrey10 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,plat9otype4 ------------------------------------ ,,! ,,cold ,,ba? ,,process4 ------------------------------------ ,! att5tion ( ,photograph]s is call$ to ?is beautiful process1 n[ fully introduc$4 ,"s ( ! advantages are "h enum]at$3-- #a/4--,high arti/ic r5d]+ bo? ( high lights & %ad[s4 #bnd4--,pr9ts ei!r vigor\s or s(t1 ei!r cold or w>m 9 col\r1 well 9 comm& ( op]ator4 #crd4--,pr9ts dry up ) less loss ( effect ?an 9 any o!r process4 #d?4--,%ort exposure requir$1 be+ less ?an 9 ! ,hot ,ba? ,process4 #e?4--,economy1 especially to l>ge us]s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,no ,,lic5se requir$ by us]s ( ! ,pat5t$ ,pap]s manufactur$ by ! ,company4 ---------------------------- ,! ,s5sitiz$ ,pap]s are n[ obta9able f ,ag5ts 9 ! pr9cipal t[ns4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,= ,,prospectus ,,apply ,,to ,,! ,,plat9otype ,,co41 #bi1 ,,s\?ampton ,,r[1 ,,holborn4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,c\ncil ,m$al & ,highe/ ,aw>d1 ,great ,exhibition1 ,london1 #ahea1--;,gold ,m$al1 ,p>is ,exposition1 #ahfg4--,m$al & ,highe/ ,aw>d1 ,exhibition1 ,london1 #ahfb4--,m$al & ,diploma1 ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 ,philadelphia1 #ahgf4--,m$al & ,diploma1 ,antw]p1 #ahgh4--;,gold ,m$al & ,diploma1 ,p>is ,exposition1 #ahgh4--;,gold ,m$al1 ,inv5tions ,exhibition1 #ahhe4 ------------------------------------ ,,ross' ,,portrait ,,& ,,view ,,l5ses1 ,unsurpass$ = ,brilliancy ( ,def9ition1 ,flatness ( ,field1 & ,dep? ( ,focus4 ,us$ by ! lead+ ,photograph]s ?r\gh\t ! ,_w4 ,,portrait ,,l5ses4 ,,improv$4 ,no4 #c = ,portraits #fd #ag #aj #j 0 #c;,a 0 #hf #bf #ae #j 0 #d 0 #ajh #ch #j #j 0 #e 0 #ahaf #db #aj #j 0 #f 0 #bbah #ed #j #j ------- ,,rapid 8,,cab9et40 ,no4 #a = ,cab9ets1 #ad ft4 di/ance #ac #j #j 0 #b 0 #ah 0 0 #ag #aj #j 0 #c 0 #bj 0 0 #ai #aj #j ------- ,,quick-,,act+ ,c4,d4,v4 ,no4 #a = ,c>ds1 #ad ft4 di/ance #e #ae #j 0 #b 0 #af 0 0 #f #aj #j 0 #c 0 #ai 0 0 #aa #aj #j ------- ,,univ]sal4 ,= ,portraits1 ,gr\ps1 c4 ,view ,gr\p ,back ,no4 ,size4 ,size4 ,focus4 ,price4 #a #hf #gd #h 94 #g #aj #j #b #ajh #hf #aj 0 #i #j #j #c #abaj #ajh #ac 0 #ab #aj #j #d #aeab #abaj #af 0 #af #aj #j #e #ahaf #aeab #bj 0 #be #j #j #f #bbah #ahaf #bd 0 #de #j #j #g #beba #bbah #cj 0 #ee #j #j ,,view ,,l5ses4 ,,symmetrical4,a ,= ,l&scapes & ,ar*itecture4 ,no4 #a #cc #dc #ed #c 94 #c 0 #b #dc #ed #gd #d 0 #c #e 0 #c #ed #gd #he #e 0 #c #aj 0 #d #gd #he #hf #f 0 #d #j 0 #e #he #hf #ig #g 0 #e #j 0 #f #hf #ix#g #ajh #h 0 #f #j 0 #g #ig #ajh #abaj #i 0 #g #j 0 #h #ajh #abaj #acaa #aj 0 #h #j 0 #i #abaj #acaa #aeab #ab 0 #i #j 0 #aj #acaa #aeab #ahaf #ae 0 #aj #j 0 #aa #aeab #ahaf #bbah #ah 0 #ab #j 0 #ab #ahaf #bbbj #beba #ba 0 #ae #j ,,rapid ,,symmetricals4,a ,= ,gr\ps1 ,views1 ,int]iors1 & ,copy+4 ,! mo/ useful ,l5s = all ,out-door ,photography4 ,size ( ,size ( ,equival5t ,view4 ,gr\p4 ,focus4 ,price4 #dc ,/]eo4 #d 94 #d #j #j #ed #dc #f 0 #d #e #j #fe #ed #g 0 #e #e #j #he #gd #i 0 #e #ae #j #hf #he #aj 0 #f #aj #j #ig #hf #ab 0 #g #aj #j #ajh #hf #ad 0 #h #aj #j #abaj #ajh #af 0 #aj #aj #j #acaa #aai #ah 0 #aa #aj #j #aeab #acaa #bj 0 #ad #aj #j #ahaf #aeab #bd 0 #ah #aj #j #bbah #ahaf #cj 0 #be #j #j #bebb #bbah #cd 0 #cj #j #j ,t5 p] c5t4 ,disc\nt = ,ca% ) ,ord]4 ,,fur!r ,,p>ticul>s ,,catalogues1 ) ,e/imates1 on application4 ------------------ ,,ross ,,co41 #aab1 ,new ,bond ,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,/eam ,works--,brook ,/reet4 ,,john ,j4 ,,griff9 ,,sons1 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,*emical & ,philosophical ,app>atus4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,pure ,,*emicals4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,mak]s ,,( ,,app>atus ,,to ,,! ,,admiralty1 ,,w> ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,indian ,,& ,,colonial ,,gov]nm5ts4 ,illu/ration ---------------------------------------- --- ,,gas ,,furnaces ,,= ,,melt+ ,,& ,,enamell+4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,balances & ,weights1 ,/ills1 ,arg5tomet]s1 ,graduat$ ,measures1 ,mort>s & ,pe/les1 ,porcela9 & ,glass ,bas9s1 ,di%es1 ,f9e/ ,bohemian ,glass ,beak]s1 ,flasks1 ,funnels1 ,te/ ,tubes1 ,_s ,lamps1 c4 ---------------------------- ,,illu/rat$ ,,price ,,li/1 ,,po/ ,,free1 #f;d4 ---------------------------- ,,br9',s ,,compress$ ,,oxyg5 ,,9 ,,/eel ,,cyl9d]s4 ---------------------------- ,,john ,j4 ,,griff9 ,,sons1 #bb1 ,,g>rick ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,dallmey]1 ,optician1 #be1 ,,newman ,,/41 ,,ox=d ,,/41 ,w4 7,remov$ f #ai1 ,bloomsbury ,/reet74 ,illu/ration ,,dallmey]',s ,,photographic ,,l5ses ,are us$ by all ! lead+ ,photographic ,arti/s ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & h obta9$ ! ,highe/ ,aw>ds :]ev] exhibit$4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,dallmey] 8,on ! ,*oice & ,use ( ,photographic ,l5ses40 ,,eigh? ,,?\s&4 #as4 ,?is ,pamphlet conta9s concise in=mation = ,select+ ,l5ses = any p>ticul> purposes1 :e!r 9 ,portraiture1 ,l&scape1 or ,ar*itectural subjects1 c41 ! prop] use ( ,diaphragms1 ,tables ( ,comp>ative ,exposures1 ! use ( ! ,sw+ ,back to ! ,cam]a1 a simple ,explanation ( ! law ( ,conjugate ,foci1 & ,tables = ,r$uction & ,enl>gem5t4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,,dallmey]',s ,new ,descriptive ,catalogue 7,po/ free on application7 ,conta9s full p>ticul>s ( all ,l5ses & ! purposes = :i* !y are design$2 also ( ! late/ ,inv5tions 9 ,photographic ,l5ses1 viz41 ,,dallmey]',s ,,rapid ,,long ,,focus ,,l&scape ,,l5s1 ,,& ,,dallmey]',s ,,new ,,rectil9e> ,,l&scape ,,l5s4 -------------- ,= ,,abridg$ ,,catalogue see ,,inside ,,( ,,back ,,cov]4 ,,naturali/ic ,,photography4 ,,london ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,gilb]t ,,& ,,riv+ton1 ,,limit$1 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,h\se1 ,,cl]k5well ,,road4 ,,naturali/ic ,,photography ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,by ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,b4 7,,cantab47 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,pictures ,,( ,,ea/ ,,anglian ,,life10 8,,pictures ,,f ,,life ,,9 ,,field ,,& ,,f510 8,,idyls ,,( ,,! ,,norfolk ,,broads10 ,,& ,,jo9t ,,au?or ,,( 8,,life ,,& ,,l&scape ,,on ,,! ,,norfolk ,,broads40 8,beauty is tru?1 tru? beauty1--t is all ,ye "k on e>?1 & all ye ne$ to "k40 ,,keats1 8,ode on a ,grecian ,urn40 ,,second ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,new ,,york ,e4 ,f4 ,,spon #ab1 ,,cortl&t ,,/reet #ahij ,copyright1 #ahhi4 ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son4 ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,adam ,,salomon ,,sculptor ,,& ,,photograph]1 ,*evali] de l'ordre de la lgion d'honneur1 ,?is "w is ,d$icat$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or ,,z ,a ,,tribute ,,( ,,admiration ,,& ,,respect ,,= ,,! ,,fir/ ,,arti/ ,,( ,,ackn[l$g$ ,,ability ,,:o ,,0 ,,orig9al ,,en\gh ,,to ,,practise ,,photography ,,= ,,its ,,own ,,sake1 ,,& ,,:o ,,0 ,,brave ,,en\gh ,,to ,,appe> ,,be=e ,a ,,prejudic$ ,,art ,,_w ,,z ,a ,,photograph] ,,z ,,well ,,z ,a ,,sculptor4 ,bonne r5omme vaut mieux que ce9ture dore4 ,,preface ,,to ,,second ,,edition4 ------- ,my fir/ & pleasante/ duty is to (f] my he>tie/ ?anks to ! num]\s correspond5ts :o h hon\r$ me ) sympa!tic lett]s ( approval & ) valuable criticisms4 ,judg+ f ^! k9d lett]s1 :i* h p\r$ ^u me 9 grateful %[]s1 my book has fill$ a want 9 art lit]ature4 ,^! lett]s1 com+ z !y d f arti/s ( all k9ds1 art-ma/]s & photograph]s1 _m ( :om are p]fect /rang]s to me1 h suppli$ me ) sugge/ions & criticisms :i* ,i %all make use ( 9 a lat] edition1 if ! public s w t !re be "o1 & "s ( my correspond5ts ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( publicly ?ank+4 ,! call = ?is second edition has come s soon t ,i h only _h "t to correct a few sup]ficial errors1 & z b few reviews h z yet rea*$ me1 ,i _c answ] any criticisms ^u my "w4 ,s f> !re is no?+ to answ]4 ,i c only repeat t ! /ud5t w d well to make arti/s 8 f9al c\rt ( appeal1 & he mu/ !n act z he ?9ks fit4 ,i h no burn+ desire to make conv]ts1 my sole object has be5 to tell ! /ud5t :at ,i c\ld--if he wi%$ to "k x4 ,z to my views1 ,i am p]fectly will+ t no "o %all accept !m1 & am cont5t to let po/]ity judge betwe5 me & my adv]se critics4 ,9 def]5ce to ! op9ion ( a highly valu$ fri5d--a well-kn[n arti/--,i h includ$ 9 ?is edition 7z an ,app5dix7 my pap] on 8,sci5ce & ,art0 read at ! ,cam]a ,club ,conf]5ce on ,m>* #bf?1 #ahhi4 ,p4 ,h4 ,e4 ,,*iswick1 ,m>*1 #ahhi4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,preface vii ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ix ,,introduction4 ,dagu]re at a sance ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 ,aug41 #ahci #a ,retrospect ( "w done by ,photography s9ce #ahci #b ,influ5ce ( ,photography on ! ,glyptic & ,pictorial ,arts1 #e & vice v]s ,aim ( ?is book #h ,! ,naturali/ic ,s*ool ( ,photography #h ,a ^w to arti/s #i ,! ?ree bran*es ( ,photography--,arti/ic1 ,sci5tific1 & ,indu/rial3-- ,a4 ,art ,division #aj ,b4 ,sci5ce ,division #aa ,c4 ,indu/rial ,division #aa 8,pr(essional & ,amateur0 photograph]s #ab ,a ,college ( ,photography #ac ,! ,future ( ,photography #ac ,,book ,i4 ,,t]m9ology ,,& ,,argum5t4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,t]m9ology4 ,preamble #ag ,analysis #ag ,art #ag 8,art-,sci5ce0 #ah ,arti/ic #ah ,bread? #ah ,col\r #ah ,creative ,arti/ #ai ,f9e ,art #ai ,high ,art #bj ,ideal #bj ,imag9ative #bb ,impressionism #bb ,int]pret+ ,nature #bb ,local ,col\r #bb ,l[ ,art #bb ,naturalism #bb ,orig9al ,"w #bd ,photographic #bd ,quality #bd ,realism #bd ,relative ,tone or ,value #be ,s5tim5t #be ,s5tim5tality #be ,s\l #be ,te*nique #bf ,tone #bf ,transcript ( ,nature #bf ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,naturalism ,,9 ,,pictorial ,,& ,,glyptic ,,art4 ,an inquiry into ! influ5ce ( ! /udy ( ,nature on ,art #bh ,egyptian ,art #cj ,mon>*ies ( ,we/]n ,asia #cb ,anci5t ,greek & ,italian ,art #cc ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art #dd ,m$ival ,art #dg ,ea/]n ,art--,mohamm$an #eb ,*9ese & ,japanese ,art #ed ,! ,r5asc5ce #ei ,f ! ,r5asc5ce to ,mod]n ,times #fg ,a4 ,spani% ,art #fg ,b4 ,g]man ,art #fh ,c4 ,flemi% ,art #fi ,d4 ,engli% ,art #fi ,e4 ,am]ican ,art #gh ,f4 ,dut* ,art #hj ,g4 ,fr5* ,art #hd ,h4 ,sculpture #ib ,retrospect #id ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,sight1 ,,& ,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,d$uc$ ,,!refrom4 ,introduction & ,argum5t #ig ,optic ,n]ves #ig ,le ,conte's ,classification ( ! subject #ih ,physical *>act]s ( ! eye z an optical in/rum5t #ih ,direction ( ,light #ajb ,int5sity ( ,light #ajc ,col\r #ajh ,psy*ological data1 & b9ocul> vision #aaa ,p]spective1 dep?1 size1 & solidity #aab ,art pr9ciples d$uc$ f ! above data #aad ,,book ,,ii4 ,,te*nique ,,& ,,practice4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,cam]a ,,& ,,tripod4 ,! ,cam]a #abe ,*oice ( a cam]a2 tripod & bags #abe ,manipulat+ ! ,cam]a #abi ,p9-hole ,photography #aca ,accid5ts to ! ,cam]a #acb ,h& ,cam]as #acb ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,l5ses4 ,optics #acd ,dallmey]'s long-focus rectil9e> l&scape l5s #ace ,false draw+ ( photographic l5ses #acf ,h9ts on ! correct use ( ! l5s #acf ,l5ses = special purposes #acg ,diaphragms or 8/ops0 #ach ,physical qualities ( ,l5ses #ach ,h9ts on l5ses #adj ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,d>k ,,room ,,& ,,app>atus4 ,d>k ,room #ada ,a develop+ rule #ada ,v5tilation ( d>k room #ada ,app>atus #ada ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,/udio ,,& ,,furniture4 ,/udio #add ,/udio ,furniture #ade ,/udio effects4 ,a rule = /udio light+ #adg ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,focuss+4 ,h[ to focalize #adh ,! gr\nd-glass picture #adi ,examples & ,illu/ration 9 po9t #aej ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,exposure4 ,ways ( ,expos+ #aed ,rule = ,expos+ #aed ,classification ( ,exposures #aed ,a4 ,quick ,exposures #aee ,b4 ,"t ,exposures #aee ,exposure ,%utt]s #aef ,v>iation ( exposure1 & conditions caus+ !m #aeg ,on ,exposure ,tables #afj ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,developm5t ,,& ,,negative ,,f9i%+4 ,/udy ( ,*emi/ry #afb ,on ,plate mak+ #afc ,wet-plate process #afc ,tonality & developm5t #aff ,on develop+ #agj ,on develop]s #aga ,local developm5t #aga ,on ! /udy ( tone #agc ,accid5ts & faults1 & _! rem$ies #agd ,v>ni%+ ! negative #agi ,roll] slides & pap] negatives #ahj ,or?o*romatic photography #aha ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ret\*+4 ,def9ition ( ret\*+ #ahd ,on work+ up photographs #ahd ,on ret\*+ #ahf ,adam ,salomon & ,rejl&] on ret\*+ #ahg ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,pr9t+4 ,v>i\s pr9t+ processes #aia ,! ,plat9otype process #aie ,vignett+ #aif ,comb9ation pr9t+ #aig ,on cl\d negatives & pr9t+ 9 ( cl\ds #aih ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,on enl>g+ #bjj ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,transp>5cies1 ,,lant]n ,,& ,,/]eoscopic ,,slides4 ,transp>5cies #bjb ,lant]n ,slides #bjb ,/]eoscopic ,slides #bjb ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,photo-,,me*anical ,,processes4 ,photo-me*anical processes #bjd ,a4 ,= diagrams & topographical "w #bjd ,b4 ,= pictures #bjd ,photo-et*+ #bjg ,! ,typographic ,et*+ ,co4 #bjh ,h9ts = ^? hav+ plates reproduc$ by photo-et*+ #baj ,w4 ,l4 ,colls on 8,me?ods ( reproduc+ negatives f #bab ,nature = ! copp]-plate press0 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,& ,,fram+4 ,m\ntants #bah ,m\nts #bai ,frames #bai ,albums #bbj ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,copyright+4 ,on copyright+ #bba ,me?od ( copyright #bba ,law ( copyright #bbb ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,exhibit+ ,,& ,,exhibition4 ,exhibitions #bbe ,m$als #bbf ,judges #bbg ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,conclusion4 ,conclusion #bbi ,,book ,,iii4 ,,pictorial ,,art4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,educat$ ,,sight4 ,m5 born bl9d #bcc ,education ( ,sight #bcd ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,composition4 ,on ,composition #bcg ,burnet's 8,treatise on ,pa9t+0 #bch ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,out-,,door ,,& ,,9-,,door ,,"w4 ,out-door portraiture #bdc ,l&scape #bde ,on picture-mak+ #bej ,figure & ,l&scape #bea ,/udio-portraiture #beb ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,art4 ,practical h9ts #bed ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,decorative ,,art4 ,decorative art #bfj ,naturalism 9 decorative art #bfj ,photography z appli$ to decorative art #bfa ,pr9ciples ( decorative art #bfa ,practice ( decorative art #bfa ,l',,envoi4 ,,photography--,a ,,pictorial ,,art4 ,on diff]5t art me?ods ( expression #bfi ,answ]s to criticism on 8,photography a pictorial ,art0 #bgh ,arti/s on ,photography #bgi ,"s ma/]s ( ! m9or arts #bhi ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,on ,,photographic ,,libr>ies4 ,art books #bic ,art-tea*+ #bic ,books recomm5d$ #bic ,photographic ,libr>ies #bid ,,app5dix ,,ii4 8,sci5ce & ,art10 a pap] read at ! ,cam]a ,club #bie ,conf]5ce1 held 9 ! rooms ( ! ,society ( ,arts 9 ,london on ,m>* #bf?1 #ahhi ,,index #cjc ,,naturali/ic ,,photography4 ------- ,,introduction4 ,sid5ote3 ,dagu]re & ! ,fr5* ,academy4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 held 9 ,p>is on ! #ai? day ( ,augu/1 #ahci1 ,l\is ,jacques ,m& ,dagu]re1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! fl[] ( ,p>isian art1 lit]ature & sci5ce1 gave a demon/ration ( 8 new discov]y--! ,dagu]reotype4 ,! success ( ! sance 0 complete1 & ! ga!r+ ( illu/ri\s m5 0 intoxicat$ ) en?usiasm 9 fav\r ( ! ,dagu]reotype4 ,x is1 !n1 almo/ fifty ye>s ago t ! result ( ! "w ( ! fa!r ( photography1 ,joseph ,nicphore de ,niepce1 :o _h di$ six ye>s previ\sly1 & ( ! p>tn] ( 8 latt] days--,dagu]re--0 giv5 to ! ,fr5* public1 = ?\gh ,arago decl>$ t 8,france _h adopt$ ! discov]y & 0 pr\d to h& x z a pres5t to ! :ole _w10 ,dagu]re1 %>p bus9ess man t he 01 took out a pat5t = 8 process 9 ,engl& on ! #ae? ( ,july1 #ahci4 ,x may be said1 !n1 t = fifty ye>s ! influ5ce ( photography has be5 work+ among/ ! p = bett] = worse2 b a %ort half-c5tury has photography _h to develop1 & we naturally feel a little curi\s to "k :at x has be5 do+ all t "t4 ,has ! art be5 ly+ idle & /agnat+1 or has x be5 develop+ & ext5d+ its roots into all ! indu/rial1 sci5tific & arti/ic fields ( ent]prise8 ,let u see :at ?is cool "y goddess1 born ( art & sci5ce1 :o g5]ally comes to /ay & f9ally to ou/ ! old goddesses f _! temples1 has be5 do+ ^! fifty ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,retrospect ( progress ( photography 9 a/ronomy4 ,9 ! fields ( sci5ce %e has be5 mo/ busy4 ,%e has be5 giv+ u photographs ( ! moon1 ! />s1 & ev5 ( ! nebul4 ,%e has record$ eclipses & a transit ( ,v5us = u4 ,%e has drawn too ! ,sun's corona1 & regi/]$ ^? great volcanic explosions :i* playfully take place !re p]iodically4 ,%e has %[n u t !re are />s :i* no telescope c f9d1 & %e has 9 ano!r =m regi/]$ = u ! composition ( ! sun & ( _m ( ! />s2 & n[ %e is busy mapp+ out ! heav5s4 ,l an all-p[]ful goddess1 %e plays ) ! planets & records on our plates1 ) delicate taps1 ! />s4 ,%e runs ?r\gh ! va/ space ( ! kosmos do+ our bidd+s ) a precision & delicacy nev] equall$--9 %ort %e is fa/ becom+ ! "r h& ( ! a/ronom]4 ,sid5ote3 ,microscopy4 ,n cont5t ) h] va/ triumphs 9 space ov] ! inf9itely great1 %e dives d[n to ! inf9itely small1 & /ores up = u portraits ( ! disease-be>+ g5]ation ( ,s*izomycetes1 ! /iff-neck$ bact]ia1 & ! wriggl+ vibrio1 ! roll+ microccus1 & ! fungoid act9omycosis--) deadly tresses2 ^! %e pictures = u1 s t we may ei!r keep !m on small plates1 or else %e ?r[s !m on l>ge scre5s s t we are enabl$ to /udy _! /ructure4 ,on ^! scre5s too we c gaze on ! /ructure ( ! ,proteus-l :ite blood corpuscle1 & we are able to /udy ! v cells ( our tongues1 our eyes1 our bones1 our tee?1 our hairs1 & to keep draw+s ( !m su* z man nev] _h be=e4 ,s ! k9dly bright goddess /9ts u 9 no?+1 = :]ev] ! microscope leads !re w %e be f\nd at our bidd+4 ,) ! greatness ( an all-see+ m9d1 x matt]s n to h] :e!r %e draws ! protococcus or ! blood-cells ( an elephant1 :e!r %e depicts ! erod+ canc] cell or ! gold5 scale on ! butt]fly's w+--any?+ t we ask ( h] %e does2 if we w b be pati5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,*emi/ry4 ,b ! little goddess1 ! light-be>]1 is n cont5t ) ^! sci5ces b %e mu/ ne$s g & woo *emi/ry & regi/] ! belt$ zones ( ! spectrum & tell u ! my/]i\s secrets ( ! composition ( matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,meteorology4 ,meteorology1 too1 has claim$ h]1 & %e draws = ! meteorologi/ ! fr[n+ nimbus & ! bright roll+ cumulus4 ,%e scrat*es quickly on 8 plate ! lightn+'s fla%1 & ev5 measures ! ris+s & fall+s ( ! m]curies 9 8 long glass b>omet]s & ?9-/emm$ !rmomet]s1 s t ! meteorologi/ c g & re/ 9 ! sun2 & good-natur$ly1 too1 %e h9ts to him t 8 regi/]+s are b fumbl+s aft] h] precise & delicate "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,survey+4 ,?is v]satile little goddess1 too1 is play+ ) & h9t+ to ! surveyors h[ %e w n be coy if !y w b woo h]1 =1 says %e1 8h ,i n already %[n y h[ to measure ! altitude ( m\nta9s1 & h[ to project maps by my aid80 ,sid5ote3 ,geography4 ,! geograph]1 too1 is ano!r lov] well fav\r$ by ! da9ty goddess1 he always takes h] on 8 travels n[-a-days1 & br+s u back h] inimitable draw+s ( skulls1 savages1 weapons1 wat]falls1 geological /rata1 fossils1 animals1 birds1 trees1 l&scapes1 & m51 & we believe him :5 we "k ! light-be>] 0 ) him1 & soon 9 all 8 geographies1 9 all 8 botanies1 9 all 8 zoologies1 9 all 8 geologies1 8 entomologies1 & all ! re/ ( 8 valuable 8ologies10 we %all f9d ! crisp & inimitable draw+s ( 8 da9ty companion4 ,sid5ote3 ,eng9e]+4 ,! horny-h&$ eng9e]1 too1 is woo+ h]2 he makes love to h] away d[n 9 d>k caissons half-buri$ 9 riv] b$s2 :il/ above-gr\nd %e scatt]s 8 plans f> & wide4 ,he uses h] to %[ h[ 8 works are gr[+ b5ea? ! /rong arms ( 8 horny-h&$ gangs1 & he ev5 uses h] to det]m9e ! temp]ature ( ! dep?s ( ! sea1 & ! direction ( oceanic curr5ts2 yes1 %e does ! "w = him & he loves h]4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ic9e & ,biology4 ,! e>ne/ doctor & ! curi\s biologi/ are among/ h] l[]s1 & ! da9ty "o does n disda9 _! "w1 = %e kn[s x to be good2 = ?\gh %e is fickle1 %e is k9d at he>t4 ,= !m %e goes into ! my/]i\s globe ( ! eye2 d[n into ! holl[ l>ynx2 & into ! int]nal e>2 & drags =? draw+s4 ,! tum\r-de=m$ leg1 ! toss+ epileptic1 ! de=m$ lepr\s body1 ! ulc]\s scalp1 ! unsightly sk9 disease1 ! dead bra91 ! delicate dissection1 ! gallop+ horse1 ! fly+ gull1 & err+ man does %e ) quick & da9ty /rokes draw & give h] lov]s ! physician & biologi/4 ,sid5ote3 ,milit>y & naval s]vices4 ,!n l ! ,valkyria %e too delights 9 dire w>4 ,= h] h]oes %e writes s f9ely t h] lett]s are c>ri$ 9 a quill b5ea? a pigeon's w+ into & out ( beleagu]$ cities4 ,%e draws ha/y notes ( ! c\ntry = ! lead]s ( an invad+ army2 %e pres]ves a record ( ! kill$ & %e gives tru?ful draw+s ( ! fields ( battle & ( ! poor torn & jad$ m5 aft] a battle2 :il/ 9 times ( peace %e draws = ! (fic] ! effects ( ! explosion ( a %ell1 ! pa? ( a bullet ?r\gh ! air1 or ! wat] ?r[n on high1 l a geys]1 by a hidd5 torp$o4 ,sid5ote3 ,=5sic m$ic9e4 ,%e is ! w>d]'s fri5d too1 = %e draws ! skulk+ ?ief1 ! gre$y =g]1 & ! cruel murd]]2 %e draws1 too1 ! knife t /abb$ 9 ! d>k1 & ! dress all blood-besmir*$2 %e detects ! =g$ bank note1 & draws )\t quibble ! position ( ! ov]turn$ & spl9t]$ railway c>2 & %e %[s ! scor*$ & gutt$ ru9s ( ! burnt h\se = ! insurance ag5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,libr>ies4 ,%e has h] fun1 too1 = %e twits ! libr>ians ) ! ev] increas+ deluge ( books1 & h9ts laugh+ly !y mu/ "o day come to h]1 = %e w %[ !m h[ to keep a libr>y 9 a tea-caddy4 ,sid5ote3 ,indu/rial arts4 ,! haggl+ tradesman %e does n disda91 %e w draw portraits ( 8 fabrics to be circulat$ all ov] ! _w1 %e w copy ! bad pa9t+s & draw+s done = him z adv]tisem5ts by ! p>iahs ( art4 ,%e reproduces trade-m>ks & signatures1 & oh1 naughty goddess6 %e ev51 on ! sly1 copies on old yell[ pap] old et*+s & engrav+s s t ! connoisseur does n "k ! new f ! old4 ,%e helps 9 all k9ds ( adv]tis+1 reproduc+ ! sc5]y by railways = ! railway companies1 sket*+ topographically = t\ri/s1 draw+ mo!rs & fa!rs & *ildr5 = ! _w1 s t ! lov$ ones c g across ! seas & leave !mselves beh9d 9 =m & feature4 ,& s t ! dead may n be =gott5 %e soo!s ! liv+ ) _! de> faces done 9 h] pretty way4 ,nay1 %e ev5 goes s f> z to all[ h] works to be burnt on porcela9 & sold 9 broo*es1 on plates & o!r w>e4 ,sid5ote3 ,art4 ,nor d ! *ildr5 love y 9 va91 pretty goddess1 = y give !m magic-lant]ns1 & invisible pictures ( y\rself2 to be made visible by a little secret y tell !m4 ,y give !m magic cig>-hold]s & /]eoscopes1 all ?is out ( y\r b\ntiful lap d y scatt]2 b1 pretty da9ty light-be>]1 h y no love de>] to y ?an all ^!1 is !re none among/ y\r woo]s t y pref]8 ,yes1 blu% n1 oh1 da9ty "o1 x is ! arti/ :o sees 9 y a subtl]1 f9] aid ?an 8 sorry h&1 s monkey-l 9 its fumbl+s4 ,to him y give y\r delicate draw+s on z9c to illu/rate 8 books1 or on copp] to fill 8 portfolios1 to him y give poems ( ! w9ds :isp]+ among/ ! re$-b$s1 ( ! waves ro>+ 9 ! grey gloam+1 ( ! laugh+1 bright-ey$ mortal si/]s ( y\rs4 ,to him1 y\r fav\r$ "o1 y\r *ief love1 y give ! subtlety ( draw+ ( ! w9d-%orn & leaf-b>e oak1 ! _s ( ! wild colts on ! fl[]y m>%1 ! ripple ( ! riv] & ! glanc+ flight ( ! sea-f[l4 ,toge!r y & he sp5d days & nights1 mid ! /reams & ! woods1 cull+ ! silv]y fl[]s ( nature4 ,oh6 bright g5]\s little goddess1 :o has /ol5 ! light f ! sun = mortals1 & br\ght x to !m n 9 a n>!x re$ z did ,prome!us br+ 8 liv+ sp>k1 b 9 silv]y drops to be m\ld$ to y\r lov]'s wi%1 be he />-gaz]1 light-break]1 wond]-seek]1 sea-fight] or l&-fight]1 e>?-roam]1 sell]-(-goods1 judg]-(-crimes1 lov]-(-toys1 build]-(-bridges1 cur]-(-ills1 or lov] ( ! woods & /reams4 ,! influ5ce ( photography on ! si/] arts ( sculpture1 pa9t+1 engrav+1 et*+ & wood-cutt+ dur+ ^! fifty ye>s has be5 trem5d\s1 z h !y influ5c$ 9 turn photography4 ,sculpture has be51 p]haps1 lea/ influ5c$1 al?\gh )\t photography ?\s&s ( po/hum\s /atues :i* n[ grace ! /reets & ! squ>es ( ! _w c\ld n h be5 modell$ at all1 or c\ld only h be5 v conv5tionally & unsatisfactorily modell$4 ,z x is1 !y are (t5 excell5t portraits4 ,! effect ( sculpture on photography has be5 to induce exp]im5tali/s to attempt a production ( models 9 clay by means ( an in/rum5t call$ a pantograph4 ,x is report$ t ^! me?ods succe$$1 b we nev] saw any ( ! productions & h little fai? 9 ! me?ods4 ,! influ5ce ( photography on pa9t+1 on ! o!r h&1 has be5 no?+ %ort ( m>vell\s1 z c be se5 9 ! great g5]al improvem5t 9 ! draw+ ( movem5t4 ,x is a common practice = pa9t]s to take photographs ( _! models & ?r[ enl>gem5ts ( ^! on to a scre5 :5 ! outl9es are boldly sket*$ 94 ,aga91 x is a practice = pa9t]s to /udy ! delicate tonality ( photography1 :i* is ( c\rse q legitimate4 ,ano!r influ5ce ( photography on pa9t+ is t ! pa9t] (t5 tries to emulate ! detail ( ! photograph4 ,b ?is 0 m noticeable 9 ! e>ly days ( photography1 & x _h a bad effect on pa9t+1 = ! pa9t] did n "k en\gh ( photography to "k t :at he 0 /riv+ to imitate 0 due to an ignorant use ( ! art4 ,he ?\ght1 z _m p ?9k n[-a-days1 t !re is an absolute & unv>y+ quality 9 all photographs4 ,! effect on m9iature pa9t+ 0 disa/r\s2 x has be5 all b kill$ by photography1 & we ?9k rightly4 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$ t photography kill$ x not)/&+ ! fact t _m ( ! be/ m9iature pa9t]s adopt$ ! new art z soon z !y c\ld4 ,newton 0 a photograph]4 ,photography also kill$ ! it9]ant portrait pa9t] :o us$ to /ump ! c\ntry & pa9t hide\s portraits = a few %ill+s1 or a night's lodg+4 ,photography too1 has1 un=tunately1 be5 ! cause ( a va/ production ( weak & feeble wat]-col\rs1 oil-pa9t+s & et*+s4 ,second & ?ird rate practition]s ( ^! arts h simply copi$ photographs & suppli$ ! col\r+ f _! imag9ation1 & ?\s&s ( feeble productions has be5 ! result2 ?is is a di%one/ use ( photography1 b "o by no means uncommon4 ,we (t5 h food = reflection on ! gullibility ( man1 :5 we see poor pa9t+s & et*+s exhibit$ at 8"o man0 exhibitions & else:]e1 :i* are no?+ b ru9$ photographs2 ! v draw+ %[s t1 & ! "t 9 :i* su* a collection ( pa9t+s is pa9t$ also h9ts at ! me?od4 ,all ! draw+ has be5 done by ! photographic l5s1 & transf]r$ to ! panel or canvas4 ,^! are ! v m5 :o decry photography4 ,su* "w is only admissible if confess$1 b ( c\rse su* p z ?is keep _! me?od q secret4 ,! et*+s done 9 ?is way are simply impud5t4 ,! influ5ce ( pa9t+ on photography has be5 great & good z a factor 9 ! cultivation ( ! /hetic faculty1 b its conv5tionality has (t5 be5 h>mful4 ,z we h said1 by ! aid ( photography feeble pa9t]s & et*]s are able to produce fairly passable "w1 :]e o!rwise _! "w w\ld h be5 disgraceful4 ,wood-cutt]s & l9e engrav]s too ga9 mu* help f u1 b !y f9d photography a rival t w surely kill !m bo?4 ,we h gone into ?is vex$ "q 9 detail 9 ! body ( ?is "w4 ,"o ( ! be/ & mo/ not$ wood engrav]s s9ce ,bewick's "t has giv5 x z 8 op9ion t !re is no ne$ = wood engrav+ n[ t ! 8processes0 c s truly reproduce pictures1 =1 z he says1 no great orig9al g5ius 9 wood-cutt+ w ev] be kept back by 8process "w10 & x is a good ?+ t all o!rs %\ld be kill$4 ,! *ief ?+ :i* at pres5t oppresses photography is 8! trade40 ,pr9t sell]s h accumulat$ /ocks ( engrav+s & et*+s & z !y may n come d[n 9 price1 !y !re=e give photogravures & photographs ! cold %\ld]4 ,a pr9t sell] :o w\ld conf9e himself to ! sale & publication ( photo-et*+s & photographs is sorely ne$$4 ,su*1 briefly1 are ! effects ( photography on h] si/] arts & ( !m on h]4 ,incr$ible inde$ seems ! all-p]vad+ p[] ( ?is light-be>+ goddess4 ,next to pr9t+1 photography is ! greate/ weapon giv5 to mank9d = 8 intellectual advancem5t4 ,! m9d is lo/ 9 wond]m5t at ! gigantic /rides made by ?is art 9 its fir/ fifty ye>s ( developm5t1 & we feel sure if any "o w take ! tr\ble to inquire briefly :at photography has done & is do+ 9 e dep>tm5t ( life he w be a/oni%$ by ! results ( 8 inquiries4 ,sid5ote3 ,bran*es ( photography4 ,f :at has be5 said x is v evid5t t ! practice ( photography mu/ be v diff]5t 9 ! diff]5t bran*es ( human k to :i* x is appli$4 ,sid5ote3 ,aim ( ,naturali/ic photography4 ,! application ( its practice & pr9ciples has be5 mo/ ably treat$ 9 "s ( ^! bran*es1 especially ! sci5tific bran*es1 b hi!rto !re has be5 no book :i* gives only j suffici5t sci5ce = art-/ud5ts & at ! same "t treats ( ! art side4 ,we propose 9 ?is book to treat photography f ! arti/ic /&po9t4 ,we %all give en\gh sci5ce to lead to a compreh5sion ( ! pr9ciples :i* we adduce = our argum5ts = naturali/ic photography1 & we %all give su* little in/ruction 9 art z is possible by writt5 matt]1 = art we hold is to be le>n$ by practice alone4 ,t1 !n1 is our aim1 & no "o kn[s bett] ?an ourselves h[ f> %ort ( our ideal we h fall51 b we tru/ ! task z attempt$ may d a little good & lead "s e>ne/ w&]+ work]s into ! "r pa?4 ,we "k t we h n accompli%$ our task )\t errors1 all we plead is t we h endeav\r$ to r$uce ! numb] to a m9imum1 & :]e we h fail$ we tru/ ^? :o detect our failures w k9dly1 n c>p+ly1 communicate !m to u1 s t if we ev] rea* a second edition we may !re9 be reg5]at$4 ,sid5ote3 ,cont5ts ( book4 ,! photographic /ud5t1 ^: aim is to make pictures1 w f9d 9 ?is book all directions1 su* z ! *oos+ ( app>atus1 ! sci5ce :i* mu/ be le>n$1 ! pictures & sculpture :i* mu/ be /udi$1 ! art canons :i* are to be avoid$1 ! te*nique to be le>n$1 includ+ all manipulations2 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( art1 & a critical rsum ( conv5tional art canons1 includ+ mu* o!r advice4 ,9 addition to ?is ! book is an argum5t = ! ,naturali/ic s*ool ( photography1 ( :i* we prea*$ ! fir/ gospel 9 an address deliv]$ be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,cam]a ,club 9 ,london 9 ,m>*1 #ahhf4a ----- ,footnote #a3 ,vide ,photographic ,news = ,m>* #ai1 #ahhf4 ----- ,! necessity ( ?is book may n be pat5t to arti/s :o d n "k ! photographic _w1 b if !y w consid] = a mom5t ! pres5t position ( a /ud5t ( photography1 ^: aim is to produce arti/ic "w1 !y w see ! necessity = "s su* "w4 ,! position ( ! photographic _w at pres5t is ?is3 ne>ly all ! text-books tea* h[ to cultivate ! sci5tific side ( photography1 & !y are s diffuse t we f9d photo-micrography1 spectrum analysis & art all mix$ up toge!r4 ,& :5 we assure ! arti/ic read] t ! few books & articles publi%$ ) a view to tea*+ art1 conta9 rsums ( ,burnet's tea*+s1 z set =? 9 8 well-kn[n 8,treatise on ,pa9t+20 t ! wide/ read ( ^! books lays d[n laws = ! sizes ( pictures z advocat$ by t 8em95t pa9t] ,norman ,macbe?20 cautions ! /ud5t n to take pictures on grey days2 & conta9s v>i\s o!r errone\s ideas2 we say :5 arti/s "k ?is1 & 9 addition t !re is no book 9 :i* 8tone0 is prop]ly def9$1 !y w p]haps und]/& ! necessity = "s su* book z ?is "o4 ,la/ly1 ! arti/ mu/ rememb] t photograph]s are v loa? to li/5 to any "o b photograph]s on any subject connect$ ) _! art4 ,to give ! /ud5t a cle> insight into ! fir/ pr9ciples ( art is ( c\rse1 z we h said1 ! *ief aim ( ! book1 b besides t x is an attempt to />t a dep>ture f ! sci5tific side ( photography4 ,?is dep>ture mu/ be made1 & ! "t is n[ ripe4 ,x %\ld be cle>ly & def9itely und]/ood1 t al?\gh a prelim9>y sci5tific education is necess>y = all photograph]s1 aft] t prelim9>y education ! pa?s & aims ( ! sci5ti/1 indu/rial photograph] & arti/1 lie widely ap>t4 ,?is matt] %\ld be kept con/antly 9 view1 & speciali/s 9 "o bran* %\ld n m$dle ) o!r bran*es4 ,! art has s ext5d$ its fields = "w t !re is scope1 ev5 9 a sub-bran* ( ! sci5tific division to occupy ! full en]gies & att5tion ( ! mo/ able m54 ,at exhibitions1 too1 ! ?ree great divisions into :i* photography falls %\ld be kept rigidly sep>at$4 ,! writ] sees 9 all ^! bran*es equal good & equal use1 b he sees also ! necessity ( keep+ _! aims & me?ods sep>ate4 ,t ?is diff]5tiation is n[ possible & necess>y is1 f ! evolution>y /&po9t1 ! greate/ sign ( developm5t4 ,! au?or feels conv9c$ t if any /ud5t is go+ to succe$ 9 any "o bran* he mu/ n scatt] 8 en]gies1 b devote himself ) s+lem9d$ness to t p>ticul> bran*4 ,directly ! aims & me?ods ( ! sep>ate bran*es ( ! art are fully recogniz$ !re w no long] be ignorance & misund]/&+s ( fir/ pr9ciples4 ,we %all n he> a fir/-rate lant]n slide describ$ z arti/ic1 because x is unt\*$1 & we %all n he> ( a 8high-art0 photograph] criticiz+ photo-micrographs ( bact]ia1 matt]s t none b a m$ical microscopi/ c criticize4 ,& above all1 we %all n h ! hack-writ] talk+ ( our 8art-sci5ce40 ,we h drawn up a r\gh table ( classification to illu/rate our mean+1 b ( c\rse x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is division is arbitr>y1 b x w\ld1 we ?9k1 be a good work+ classification4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,photography4 ,a4--,art ,division4 ,sid5ote3 ,art division4 ,9 ?is division ! aim ( ! "w is to give /hetic pleasure alone1 & ! arti/'s only wi% is to produce works ( art4 ,su* "w c be judg$ only by tra9$ arti/s1 & ! aims & scope ( su* "w c be fully appreciat$ only by tra9$ arti/s4 ,photograph]s :o qualify !mselves by an art tra9+1 & _! works alone1 belong to ?is class4 ,!y alone are arti/s4 ,includ$ 9 ?is class w\ld be orig9al arti/s1 fir/-rate photo-et*]s1 & typo-blockmak]s1 ^: aim is to reproduce 9 facsimile all ! arti/ic quality ( orig9al works ( art4 ,su* photograph]s %\ld h an arti/ic tra9+ )\t fail1 z all ! be/ h _h4 ,b4--,sci5ce ,division4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce ,division4 ,9 ?is division ! aim ( ! "w is to inve/igate ! ph5om5a ( nature1 & by exp]im5t to make new discov]ies1 & corroborate or falsify old exp]im5ts4 ,! work]s 9 ?is great & valuable dep>tm5t ( photography may be divid$ into-- a4 ,sci5tific exp]im5tali/s 9 all bran*es ( sci5ce4 b4 ,*emi/s & spectrum-analy/s4 c4 ,a/ronom]s4 d4 ,microscopi/s4 e4 ,eng9e]s4 f4 ,milit>y & naval photograph]s4 g4 ,meteorologi/s4 h4 ,biologi/s4 i4 ,geograph]s4 j4 ,geologi/s4 k4 ,m$ical m54 l4 ,physici/s4 m4 ,an?ropologi/s4 ,^! sub-divisions include all t va/ ho/ ( tra9$ sci5tific m5 :o are photograph]s 9 connection ) _! "w4 ,_! aim is ! advancem5t ( sci5ce4 ,c4--,indu/rial ,division4 ,sid5ote3 ,indu/rial ,division4 ,?is class includes t great majority ( ! photographic _w--! craftsm54 ,^! m5 h le>n$ ! me?ods ( _! craft1 & g on f day to day meet+ ! indu/rial requirem5ts ( ! age1 produc+ good useful "w1 & (t5 fill+ _! pockets at ! same "t4 ,_! aim is utilit>ian1 b 9 "s bran*es !y may at ! same "t aim to give an /hetic pleasure by _! productions1 b ?is is always subord9at$ to ! utility ( ! "w4 ,:5 !y aim at giv+ ?is /hetic pleasure z well1 !y become art-craftsm54 ,among/ ^! craftsm5 are includ$ photograph]s :o w take any "o or any?+ if paid to d s1 su* =m+ :at is kn[n z 8pr(essional photograph]s40 ,all reproduc]s ( pictures1 patt]ns1 c41 by photo-me*anical processes1 9 :i* ! aim is n solely /hetic pleasure1 z 9 reproduc+ topographic views4 ,all plate mak]s4 ,transp>5cy1 opal1 lant]n-slide1 & /]eoscopic slide mak]s4 ,all facsimile photograph]s2 photograph]s ( pictures1 /atu>y1 c4 ,all mak]s ( invisible photographs1 magic cig> photographs4 ,all op]ators :o "w "u ! guidance ( arti/s or sci5ti/s = pay1 !y n hav+ arti/ic & sci5tific tra9+ !mselves1 z 9 ! prep>ation ( lant]n slides = a biologi/4 ,all enl>g]s1 op]ators1 spott]s1 pr9t]s1 ret\*]s1 m\nt]s1 c4 ,produc]s ( porcela9 pictures4 ,produc]s ( facsimile type blocks & copp] plates1 ) no arti/ic aim1 et id g5us omne4 ,all photographs produc$ = amusem5t by ! untra9$ 9 art or sci5ce4 ,all photograph]s :o produce patt]n photographs1 8bits0 ( sc5]y1 & animals = draughtsm5 to "w f4 ,x w ?us be cle> to ! /ud5t t all ^! photograph]s s]ve useful purposes & ea* is invaluable 9 8 way1 b we repeat ! aim ( ! ?ree gr\ps ( photograph]s is v diff]5t & q di/9ct1 z di/9ct z 9 draughtman%ip are ! et*+s ( ,rembr&t1 ! sci5tific draw+s ( ,huxley1 & ! patt]n plates ( a /ore catalogue4 ,all are useful 9 _! place1 & :o %all d>e to say :i* is m useful ?an ! o!r2 b all are di/9ct1 & c 9 no way be comp>$ ) "o ano!r or class$ toge!r any m ?an c ! poems ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne1 ! text ( ,pr(essor ,tyndall's 8,light10 & ! ,blue-books4 ,all c be good 9 _! way1 b ! aims & me?ods ( ! "o mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! aims & me?ods ( ! o!r1 & we fe> t su* is ! case 9 ! photographic _w at pres5t4 ,sid5ote3 8,amateur0 & 8pr(essional0 photograph]s4 ,!re is "o ob/acle :i* we mu/ cle> f ! /ud5t's pa? 9 ?is introduction1 & t is ! confusion ( ! t]ms 8pr(essional0 & 8amateur10 z us$ 9 ! photographic _w2 = 9 ?is _w x mu/ be und]/ood t ^! t]ms are us$ z 9 no o!r _w4 ,briefly1 photograph]s mean by 8pr(essional0 "o :o ga9s 8 liv+ by photography1 & an 8amateur0 means "o :o does n practise photography = 8 liv+4 ,! folly ( ?is is obvi\s1 = by ?is def9ition ! greate/ ,engli% sci5tific photograph]1 ,capta9 ,abney1 is an 8amateur0 & ! s&s photograph] at ,m>gate is a 8pr(essional40 ,?is anomal\s def9ition ( ! two classes has l$ j\rnali/s into /range errors & mi/akes4 ,we rememb] "o j\rnal1 :i* prides itself ^u its accuracy1 break+ into satirical writ+ because ! judges at a c]ta9 photographic exhibition 7 to be 8amateurs40 ,( c\rse ! j\rnali/ :o wrote t article us$ 8amateur0 9 ! ord9>y ,engli% s5se1 & h5ce 8 amusem5t2 b1 z we h %[n1 he made a great error 9 fact4 ,9 reality pr(essional photograph]s are ^? :o h /udi$ "o bran* ( photography ?or\ghly1 & are ma/]s ( all its res\rces1 & no o!rs4 ,x is no "q ( s4 d41 ?is 8pr(essional0 & 8amateur0 "q1 b a "q ( k & capacity4 ,an amateur is a dabbl] )\t aim1 )\t ?or\gh k1 & (t5 )\t capacity1 no matt] h[ _m ( 8 productions he may sell4 ,we ?9k1 !n1 ! words 8pr(essional0 & 8amateur0 %\ld be aboli%$ f ! photographic _w1 until t day %all arise :5 !re is a c5tral tra9+ & exam9+ body1 t %all h ! p[] ( mak+ real pr(essional photograph]s1 :5 all possess+ a diploma w\ld be pr(essionals & all o!rs amateurs4 ,sid5ote3 ,a college ( photography & diplomas4 ,we fondly hope t a college ( photography may "o day be in/itut$1 :]e a good art & sci5ce tra9+ may be obta9$1 :]e regul> classes w be held by pr(essors & regul> t]ms kept1 & :]e "s sort ( di/+ui%+ diploma z ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,photographic ,college w be giv5 to all :o pass c]ta9 exam9ations4 ,! ,m4,r4,p4,c4 w\ld !n h a /atus1 & ! pr(ession :i* w\ld !n exi/--b only exi/s z a trade n[--w\ld be able to draw up salut>y laws = ! gov]nm5t & good behavi\r ( its memb]s1 & ! /atus ( photography w\ld be ev]y:]e rais$4 ,! diploma ( ,f4,r4,p4,c4 7,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,photographic ,college7 c\ld be giv5 to di/+ui% photograph]s at home & abroad z an honor>y title4 ,b if su* an in/itution is to h weight x mu/ procure a *>t]4 ,money mu/ be obta9$ to give honor>iums to ! lectur]s1 & ! lecture%ips mu/ be held by ! be/ m54 ,to beg9 )1 all photograph]s 9 practice c\ld be admitt$ ^u pass+ a v simple exam9ation 9 ! subjects ( elem5t>y education & photography4 ,if ev] su* a ?+ is br\ght ab\t--& we tru/ x may be--we %\ld f9d _m g5tlem5 ( education w\ld jo9 ! ranks1 z inde$ !y are do+ n[2 & ) ! ta/e & education !y br\ght to ! "w1 we %\ld see !m work+ quietly 9 /udios l pa9t]s1 & ! 8%[-case0 & ! vulg> m\nts ) m$als & o!r decorations1 & ! 8%op-w9d[10 & ! 8%op-feel+0 w\ld all disappe>4 ,we ne$ n despair if we w all d :at is 9 u to kill 8vulg>ity10 = pa9t]s 7 n s well (f z mo/ photograph]s are n[ b a v few decades ago4 ,:at gives u hope = ^! gold5 days is ! fact t we numb] 9 our ranks 9 "s bran* or ! o!r probably m intellectual m5 ?an any o!r call+4 ,we h an emp]or1 & q a pr(usion ( royal-blood$ wights & ari/ocrats1 :il/ e le>n$ pr(ession gives u ( its be/4 ,law1 m$ic9e1 art1 sci5ce1 all contribute l>gely important memb]s to swell our ranks4 ,"h1 !n1 we mu/ end our introductory rem>ks1 & we wi% ! /ud5t :o comes to ! /udy ( photography ) capacity & e>ne/ness all success4 ,p4 ,h4 ,e4 ,,*iswick1 ,july1 #ahhh4 ,,book ,i4 ,,t]m9ology ,,& ,,argum5t4 8,! dignity ( ! sn[-capp$ m\nta9 is lo/ 9 di/9ctness1 b ! joy ( ! t\ri/ is to recognize ! travell] on ! top4 ,! desire to see1 = ! sake ( see+1 is1 ) ! mass1 alone ! "o to be grasp$1 h5ce ! delight 9 detail40 ,j4 ,m4 ,,:i/l]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,t]m9ology4 ,sid5ote3 ,t]m9ology4 ,x 7 bett] at ! outset to def9e our t]ms1 = no?+ leads m c]ta9ly to confusion 9 /udy+ a subject ?an a hazy conception ( ! mean+s ( words & expressions4 ,p]haps 9 no bran* ( writ+ h words s _m mean+s z 9 writ+s on ,art1 :]e e expositor seems int5t ^u hav+ 8 own ^w or expression4 ,= ?is reason we wi% cle>ly to def9e ! words & art expressions 9 use 9 ?is book4 ,n1 be x und]/ood1 t we claim 9 any way = any def9itions t !y are ! rigid & f9al def9itions ( ! expressions us$1 b we def9e :at we mean by c]ta9 words & t]ms s t ! read] may und]/& cle>ly ! text 9 :i* su* words occur1 our aim be+ to be cle> & to avoid all empty phraseology4 ,sid5ote3 ,analysis4 ,seiz+ ! impression ( natural objects1 & r5d]+ ?is impression 9 its ess5tials has be5 call$ analyz+ nature2 & ! impression s r5d]$ is an analysis4 ,sid5ote3 ,art4 ,art is ! application ( k = c]ta9 ends4 ,b art is rais$ to ,f9e ,art :5 man s applies ?is k t he affects ! emotions ?r\gh ! s5ses1 & s produces /hetic pleasure 9 u2 & ! man s rais+ an art into a f9e art is an arti/4 ,!re=e ! real te/ z to :e!r ! result ( any me?od ( expression is a f9e art or n1 dep5ds ^u h[ mu* ( ! intellectual elem5t is requir$ 9 its production4 ,?us ,photography may be1 & is1 9 ! h&s ( an arti/1 a me?od ( expression produc+ works ( f9e art1 because no su* works c be produc$ 9 photography by a man :o is n an arti/2 :]eas organ-gr9d+ is a mode ( express+ music1 b ! result is n a f9e art1 because no intellect1 & !re=e no arti/1 is requir$ to produce ! expression2 a monkey might produce z good music on a h&-organ z c\ld a ,bee?ov54 ,sid5ote3 ,art-sci5ce4 ,a comp\nd t]m appli$ by "s writ]s to photography1 & by o!rs to all crafts f\nd$ ^u sci5ce4 ,x is an absurd t]m1 & its use %\ld be /rongly disc\rag$4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 no good diction>y4 ,x is an unmean+ expression1 because photography is an art f\nd$ ^u sci5ce1 j z is et*+1 & to call photography an 8art-sci5ce0 is to %[ imp]fect k ( ! ,engli% language1 & especially ( ! mean+ ( ! two words ( :i* ! comp\nd is =m$--art & sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,arti/ic4 ,a ^w greatly misus$ by photograph]s4 ,:5 appli$ to a p]son1 x means "o tra9$ 9 art1 & :5 appli$ to a "w1 x means leav+ ! impression ( an arti/'s h&iwork2 & ?is photograph]s %\ld n =get1 nei!r %\ld !y =get t an arti/ has be5 tra9$ 9 art4 ,?is %\ld especially be borne 9 m9d by ^? :o dub !mselves 8arti/-photograph]s10 :atev] !y may mean by t comp\nd4 ,photograph]s %\ld wait = o!r p to call !m arti/s1 & :5 arti/s call a photograph] a bro!r arti/1 he w probably des]ve ! title1 & n be=e4 ,9 ! same way !y %\ld refra9 f call+ ?+s arti/ic or in>ti/ic1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t to use ^! words aright implies t ! speak] possesses a k ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,bread?4 ,is a t]m us$ to describe simple arrangem5ts ( light & %ade ( col\r1 :i* produce a s5se ( ! l>g5ess & space ( nature4 ,all great "w has bread?1 all petty "w is devoid ( x2 = petty m9ds _c see ! bread? 9 nature1 s !y are naturally unable to get x into _! "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,col\r4 8,?is !ory ( :at con/itutes f9e col\r is "o ( ! peculi> traits ( ! old-"t pa9t]s1 & ( ! l&scape critic :o /udies nature 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,if "o may judge by _! rem>ks or by ! examples !y wor%ip1 a pa9t+ to be f9e 9 col\r mu/ fir/ ( all be br[n1 or at lea/ yell[2 ! %ad[s mu/ all be hot & transp>5t2 lakes & crimsons mu/ be us$ freely1 :ile a c]ta9 am\nt ( v deep blue %\ld be introduc$ some:]e1 t ! re/ ( ! picture may appe> ! w>m] by ! contra/4 ,above all ?+s x mu/ n be natural1 or x ceases to be f9e & s9ks to ! level ( ! commonplace4 ,9 fact1 ^! col\ri/s appe> to admire a picture f j ! same po9t ( view !y w\ld an ,indian c>pet1 a ,p]sian rug1 old tape/ry1 or any o!r conv5tional design1 & seem to judge ( x by simil> /&>ds2 if "o sugge/s t x has no resemblance to :at x claims to repres5t1 !y reply1 #8,ah1 b x is a glori\s frame1 full ( col\r6' ,b col\r 9 pa9t+ c only be really f9e s f> z x is true to nature4 ,a grey picture may be j z f9e 9 col\r z ! mo/ gorge\s4 ,beauty 9 col\r1 z 9 =m1 dep5ds on its fitness & tru?40--,t4 ,f4 ,goodall4 ,! vulg> view ( f9e col\r is easily expla9$ on evolution>y gr\nds1 x is b a h>k+ back to ! in/9cts ( ! frugivor\s apes--our ance/ors4 ,sid5ote3 ,creative arti/4 ,!re is mu* misconception z to ! use ( ! ^w 8creator0 9 ! arts4 ,"s ?9k only ^? g5tlem5 :o pa9t my?ological pictures1 or /ory-tell+ pictures1 are creators4 ,( c\rse su* di/9ction is absurd2 any arti/ is a creator :5 he produces a picture or writes a poem2 he creates ! picture or spee* by :i* he appeals to o!rs4 ,he is ! au?or1 creator1 or :atev] y l to call him1 he is responsible = its exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9e art4 ,v]sify+1 ,prose-writ+1 ,music1 ,sculpture1 ,pa9t+1 ,photography1 ,et*+1 ,engrav+1 & ,act+1 are all arts1 b none is 9 itself a f9e art1 yet ea* & all c be rais$ to ! dignity ( a f9e art :5 an arti/ by any ( ^! me?ods ( expression s raises 8 art by 8 intellect to be a f9e art4 ,= ?is reason e "o :o writes v]se & prose1 :o sculpts1 pa9ts1 photographs1 et*es1 engraves1 is n necess>ily an arti/ at all1 = he does n necess>ily h ! intellect1 or use x 9 practis+ 8 art4 ,x has long be5 cu/om>y to call all pa9t]s & sculptors arti/s1 z x has long be5 cu/om>y 9 ,ed9burgh to call all m$ical /ud5ts doctors4 ,b 9 bo? cases ! t]ms are equally loosely appli$4 ,our def9ition1 !n1 ( an arti/ is a p]son :o :e!r by v]se1 prose1 sculpture1 pa9t+1 photography1 et*+1 engrav+1 or music1 raises 8 art to a f9e art by 8 "w1 & ! works ( su* arti/ alone are works ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,high art4 ,9 a ^w1 high & l[ art are absurd t]ms1 no art is high or l[4 ,art is ei!r good or bad art1 n high or l[1 except :5 ski$ or floor$ at exhibitions4 8,high art0 & 8high] arti/ic s5se0 we %all n use because !y are mean+less t]ms1 = if !y are n mean+less !n e picture falls "u "o or o!r category1 high or l[2 if s let "s "o classify all pictures into ^! two divisions & he w f9d himself fam\s--z ! laugh+-/ock ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideal4 ,a volume might be writt5 on ?is ^w1 b x w\ld be a volume ( words ) little mean+4 ,z appli$ to art1 ! mean+ ( 8ideal0 has g5]ally be5 t ( some?+ exi/+ 9 fancy or 9 imag9ation1 some?+ vision>y1 an imag9>y type ( p]fection4 ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes says1 8,no?+ exi/s b :at is p]ceiv$20 we w\ld say1 no?+ exi/s = u b :at is p]ceiv$1 & ?is we w\ld make a fir/ pr9ciple ( all art4 ,a "w ( pictorial art is no ab/ract ?+1 b a physical fact1 & mu/ be judg$ by physical laws4 ,if a man draws a mon/] :i* does n exi/1 :at is x8 ,x is b a modifi$ =m ( "s exi/+ ?+ or comb9ation ( ?+s1 & is aft] all n half s t]rible z _m realities4 ,:at is m t]rible ?an "s ( ! snakes ?an ! octopus1 ?an ! gre5 slimy crabs ( our own wat]s8 ,c]ta9ly none ( ! dragons & mon/]s drawn f ! imag9ation is half s horrible4 ,did ! great ,greek arti/1 s*ylus1 describe a dragon z gnaw+ at ! liv] ( ,prome!us8 ,no1 he simply drew ! picture ( a vulture z be+ suffici5tly emblematic4 ,b let u assume1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t ! dragon is m dreadful ?an any reality1 ev5 !n ! pictorial & glyptic arti/ _c use x1 = z he has no model to "w f1 ! te*nique w necess>ily be bad1 !re w be no subtleties ( tone1 ( col\r1 ( draw+1 all :i* make nature s wond]ful & beautiful4 ,! dragon w be a pure c>icature1 t is all4 ,aga91 "s p consid] x wond]ful t a pa9t] takes a my? & r5d]s x on canvas1 & he is call$ 8le>n$0 & 8s*ol>ly0 = ?is "w4 ,b :at does he d8 ,let u say he wi%es to pa9t ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is4 ,he1 if he is a good pa9t]1 w pa9t ! backgr\nd f physical matt]1 %ap$ z ne>ly l ! ,greek z possible1 & he w pa9t ! ,p>is & ! ladies f liv+ models4 ,! "w may be p]fect te*nically1 b :]e is ! ,greek "p ( x2 :at1 !n1 does ! pa9t] rely ^u8 ,:y1 ! ,greek /ory1 = if n :y does he n call x by a mod]n "n8 ,b no1 he relies ^u ! well-kn[n /ory--! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is--9 fact he is tak+ ! great] "p ( ! m]it t belongs to ano!r man4 ,! /ory ( ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is is n 81 yet x is t :i* draws ! public2 & ^! m5 are call$ orig9al1 & clev]1 & le>n$4 ,jean ,franois ,millet1 9 "o ( 8 sc5es ( ,peasant ,life1 has m orig9ality ?an all ( ^! o!rs put toge!r4 ,_m p1 n conv]sant ) ! me?ods ( art1 ?9k arti/s draw & pa9t & sculpt ?+s 8out ( _! heads40 ,well1 "s d1 b no good arti/ ev] did4 ,we h 9 our possession a beautiful l[ relief 9 m>ble1 done f a well-kn[n ,italian model 9 ,london4 ,! "w is z good z any "w ! ,greeks did1 ! type is mo/ admirable1 & x 0 done by "o ( ! /]ne/ naturali/ic sculptors ( to-day4 ,a highly educat$ fri5d1 an old ,ox=d man1 call$ on u n long ago1 & 0 greatly tak5 ) ! head2 aft] look+ at x a long :ile1 he turn$ to u & said1 8,an ideal head1 ( c\rse60 ,s x is ! cant ( 8idealism0 runs ?r\gh ! _w4 ,b we h he>d "s ( ! mo/ orig9al & naturali/ic arti/s use ! ^w 8ideal10 & on press+ !m1 !y admitt$ x 0 mislead+ to o!rs = !m to use ! ^w2 b !y meant by x simply intellectual1 t is1 ! "w ( art _h be5 done ) intellig5ce & k1 b e sugge/ion _h be5 tak5 f nature4 ,! ^w ideal1 to our m9d1 is s apt to mislead t we %all n use x4 ,sid5ote3 ,imag9ative "w4 ,ideal "w 7q4v474 ,sid5ote3 ,impressionism4 ,to u ,impressionism means ! same ?+ z naturalism1 b s9ce ! ^w all[s s mu* latitude to ! arti/1 ev5 to ! v]g+ on absurdity1 we pref] ! t]m ,naturalism1 because 9 ! latt] ! "w c always be ref]r$ to a /&>d--,nature4 ,:]eas if impressionism is us$1 ! pa9t] c always claim t he sees s mu*1 & only s mu*1 ( ,nature2 & ea* individual pa9t] ?us becomes a /&>d = himself & o!rs1 & !re is no natural /&>d = all4 ,a g5ius l ,manet tri$ to "w out new ways ( look+ at nature1 & t 0 legitimate1 b :5 weak foll[]s took up 8 8mann]0 & _h n 8 g5ius1 ! result 0 ecc5tricity4 ,= ^! reasons1 !re=e1 we pref] & h us$ ! t]m 8naturalism0 ?r\gh\t ?is "w4 ,b1 z we h said1 we reg>d ! t]ms 8impressionism0 & 8naturalism0 z fundam5tally synonym\s1 al?\gh we ?9k ! "w ( _m ( ! s-call$ mod]n 8impressioni/s0 b a pass+ craze4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]pret+4 ,! me?od ( r5d]+ a picture z x appe>s to ! eye has be5 call$ int]pret+ nature4 ,p]haps int]pret+ is z good an expression z any1 = ! arti/ 9 8 language 7= art is only a language7 int]prets or expla9s 8 view ( nature by 8 picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,local ,col\r4 8,! local or prop] col\r ( an object 7,krp]-f>be7 is t :i* x %[s 9 common :ite light1 :ile ! illum9ation col\r 7,li*t-f>be7 is t :i* is produc$ by col\r$ light4 ,?us ! r$ ( "s s&/one rocks1 se5 by common :ite light1 is _! prop] local col\r1 t ( a sn[ m\nta9 9 ! rays ( ! sett+ sun is an illum9ation col\r40--,e4 ,atk9son1 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,sid5ote3 ,l[ art4 ,see high art4 ,sid5ote3 ,naturalism4 ,by ?is t]m we mean ! true & natural expression ( an impression ( nature by an art4 ,n[ x w imm$iately be said t all m5 see nature diff]5tly4 ,grant$4 ,b ! arti/ sees deep]1 p5etrates m into ! beauty & my/]y ( nature ?an ! commonplace man4 ,! beauty is !re 9 nature4 ,x has be5 ?us f ! beg9n+1 s ! arti/'s "w is no idealiz+ ( nature2 b ?r\gh quick] sympa?ies & tra9+ ! good arti/ sees ! deep] & m fundam5tal beauties1 & he seizes ^u !m1 8te>s !m out10 z ,dur] says1 & r5d]s !m on 8 ,sid5ote3 ,dur]4 canvas1 or on 8 photographic plate1 or on 8 writt5 page4 ,& !re=e ! "w is ! te/ ( ! man--= by ! "w we see :e!r ! man's m9d is commonplace or n4 ,x is = ?is reason1 !re=e1 t arti/s are ! be/ judges ( pictures1 & ev5 a tra9$ second-rate pa9t] w recognize a good picture f> quick] ?an a layman1 ?\gh he may n be able to produce su* a "o himself4 ,( c\rse ,naturalism premisses t all ! sugge/ions = ! "w are tak5 f & /udi$ f nature4 ,! subject 9 nature mu/ be ! ?+ :i* /rikes ! man & moves him to r5d] x1 n ! plate he has to fill4 ,directly he beg9s ?9k+ h[ he c fill a c]ta9 canvas or plate1 he is no long] naturali/ic1 he may ev5 !n %[ he is a good draughtsman or a good col\ri/1 b he w n %[ t he is naturali/ic4 ,naturali/ic pa9t]s "k well en\gh t v (t5 pa9t+ 9 a tree or "s o!r subject might improve ! picture 9 ! eyes ( _m1 b !y w n put x 9 because !y h n ! tree be=e !m to /udy f4 ,aga91 x has be5 said t arrang+ a =egr\nd & !n pa9t+ x might improve ! picture1 b ! naturali/ic pa9t] says no1 by s do+ 8all ! little subtleties are lo/1 :i* give quality to ! picture60 ,nature1 is s full ( surprises t1 all ?+s consid]$1 %e is be/ pa9t$ z %e is4 ,sid5ote3 ,ari/otle4 ,ari/otle ( old call$ poetry 8an imitative art10 & we d n ?9k any "o has ev] giv5 a bett] def9ition ( poetry1 ?\gh ! ^w 8imitative0 mu/ n 9 our pres5t /ate ( k be us$ rigidly4 ,! poetry is all 9 nature1 all pa?os & trag$y is 9 nature1 & only wants f9d+ & te>+ =?4 ,b !re's ! rub1 ! be/ "w looks s easy to d :5 x is done4 ,sid5ote3 ,burns4 ,does n ,burns' poem 8,to a m\se0 look easy to write8 ,?is1 !n1 is :at we und]/& by naturalism1 t all sugge/ions %\ld come f nature1 & all te*niques %\ld be employ$ to give z true an impression ( nature z possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9al4 ,?is is a mightily misus$ ^w4 ,only ^? arti/s c be call$ orig9al :o h some?+ new to say1 no matt] by :at me?ods !y say x4 ,a photograph may be f> m orig9al ?an a pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,photographic4 ,"s ( ! be/ writ]s & j\rnali/s ( ! day h adopt$ ! use ( ! ^w 8photographic10 z apply+ to writt5 descriptions ( sc5es :i* are absolutely correct 9 detail & bald fact1 ?\gh !y are lack+ 9 s5tim5t & poetry4 ,:at a trap ^! writ]s h fall5 into w be se5 9 ?is "w1 = :at !y ?9k s true is (t5 utt]ly false4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 photography is capable ( produc+ pictures full ( s5tim5t & poetry4 ,! ^w 8photographic0 %\ld n be appli$ to any?+ except photography4 ,no writt5 descriptions c be 8photographic40 ,! use ( ! ^w1 :5 appli$ to writ+1 leads to a confusion ( diff]5t ph5om5a1 & !re=e to deceptive inf]5ces4 ,?is _c be too /rongly insi/$ ^u1 z "s cultur$ writ]s h be5 guilty ( ! wrong use ( ! ^w 8photographic10 & !re=e ( writ+ bad ,engli%4 ,sid5ote3 ,quality4 ,quality is us$ :5 speak+ ( a picture or "w :i* has 9 x arti/ic prop]ties ( a special "*1 9 a ^w1 arti/ic prop]ties :i* are di/9ctive & *>act]i/ic ( ! f95ess & subtlety ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,realism4 ,by ,naturalism x w be se5 t we mean a v diff]5t ?+ f ,realism4 ,! reali/ makes no analysis1 he is satisfi$ ) ! motes & leaves out ! sunbeam4 ,he w1 9 s f> z he is able1 pa9t all ! ve9s ( ! leaves z !y really are1 & n z !y look z a :ole4 ,= example1 ! reali/1 if pa9t+ a tree a hundr$ y>ds (f1 w\ld n /rive to r5d] ! tree z x appe>s to him f :]e he is sitt+1 b he w\ld probably ga!r leaves ( ! tree & place !m be=e him1 & pa9t !m z !y look$ )9 twelve in*es ( 8 eyes1 & z ! mod]n ,pre-,raphaelites did1 he might ev5 imitate ! local col\r ( ?+s !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,pre-,raphaelites4 ,:]eas ! naturali/ic pa9t] w\ld c>e = none ( ^! ?+s1 he w\ld endeav\r to r5d] ! impression ( ! tree z x appe>$ to him :5 /&+ a hundr$ y>ds (f1 ! tree tak5 z a :ole1 & z x look$1 modifi$ z x w\ld be by v>i\s ph5om5a & accid5tal circum/ances4 ,! naturali/'s "w we %\ld call true to nature4 ,! reali/'s false to nature4 ,! "w ( ! reali/ w\ld d well = a botany b n = a picture1 !re is no scope = f9e art 9 realism1 realism belongs to ! prov9ce ( sci5ce4 ,?is we %all /ill fur!r illu/rate 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,sid5ote3 ,relative tone & value4 ,relative tone or value is ! diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( light receiv$ on ! diff]5t planes ( objects :5 comp>$ ) "o ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5tim5t4 ,arti/s speak ( ! 8s5tim5t ( nature0 z a highly desirable quality 9 a picture4 ,?is means t naturalism %\ld h be5 ! lead+ idea :i* has gov]n$ ! g5]al conception & execution ( ! "w4 ,?us ! s5tim5t ( nature is a heal?ful & highly desirable quality 9 a picture4 ,?us 8true 9 s5tim5t0 is a t]m ( high praise4 8,s5tim5t0 is really normal sympa!tic 8feel+40 ,sid5ote3 ,s5tim5tality4 ,z oppos$ to s5tim5t1 is a highly undesirable quality1 & a quality to be se5 9 all bad "w4 ,x is an affectation ( s5tim5t1 & relies by artificiality & mawki%ness ^u appeal+ to ! morbid & uncultur$4 ,x is ! bane ( ,engli% art4 ,! "o is normal1 ! o!r morbid4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\l4 ,s\l ,vis m$icatrix ,pla/ic =ce ,vital =ce ,vital pr9ciple ,o4 ,! ^w is1 h[ev]1 us$ by "s ( ! mo/ advanc$ ?9k]s 9 art1 & :5 ask$ to expla9 x !y say !y mean by x 8! fundam5tal40 ,f :at we c ga!r1 ! ^w 8s\l0 is ! =mula by :i* !y express ! sum total ( qualities :i* make up ! life ( ! individual4 ,?us a man :5 he has got ! 8s\l0 into a /atue1 has n only r5d]$ ! organic /ructure ( ! model1 b also all ! model's subtleties ( h>mony1 ( movem5t & expression1 & ?\ght1 :i* are due to ! physical fact ( 8 be+ a liv+ organism4 ,?is 8life0 is ( c\rse ! fundam5tal ?+1 & fir/ ?+ to obta9 9 any "w ( art4 ,9 ?is way1 !n1 we c und]/& ! use ( ! ^w 8s\l0 z synonym\s ) ! 8life0 ( ! model4 ,! 8s\l0 or life is always f\nd 9 nature1 9 ! model1 & ! arti/ seizes ^u x fir/1 & subdues all ?+s to x4 8,s\l10 !n1 to u is a t]m = ! expression ( ! epitome ( ! *>act]i/ics ( a liv+ ?+4 ,! ,egyptians express$ ! 8s\l0 or life ( a lion1 ,l&se] did n4 ,sid5ote3 ,te*nique4 ,by te*nique is meant1 9 photography1 a k ( optics & *emi/ry1 & ( ! prep>ation & employm5t ( ! photographic mat]ials by ! means ( :i* pictures are secur$4 ,x does 9 no way ref] to ! mann] ( us+ ^! mat]ials1 t is ! 8practice40 ,sid5ote3 ,tone4 ,to beg9 )1 z ?is book is = photograph]s1 we mu/ tell !m !y inv>iably use ! ^w tone 9 a wrong s5se4 ,:at photograph]s call 8tone0 %\ld prop]ly be col\r or t9t1 ?us3 a br[n t9t1 a purple t9t1 or col\r4 ,! correct mean+ ( tone is ! am\nt ( light receiv$ ^u ! diff]5t planes ( an object4 ,sid5ote3 ,transcript ( nature4 8#8,a m]e transcript ( nature' is "o ( ! /ock phrases ( ! art critic1 & ( _m arti/s ( a c]ta9 s*ool4 ,! precise mean+ atta*$ to x puzzles u2 7 x n always us$ z a t]m ( reproa*1 we %\ld believe x ! highe/ praise t c\ld be be/[$ ^u a picture4 ,:at adds to our p]plexity is t ! phrase is g5]ally appli$ by ! critic to "w :i* has no?+ 9 common ) nature ab\t x3 & is us$ by arti/s :o !mselves h nev] 9 _! lives pa9t$ a picture ) ! simple/ values correct1 z ?\gh transcrib+ nature to canvas 7 a /age 9 ! pa9t]'s developm5t ?r\gh :i* !y _h pass$1 & :i* 0 n[ b5ea? !m4 ,! critic mu/ h b a v sup]ficial acqua9tance ) nature :o applies ?is t]m1 z is frequ5tly done1 to "w 9 :i* all ! subtleties ( nature are want+4 ,we h he>d ( pictures 9 :i* no two tones h be5 9 "r relation to "o ano!r1 9 :i* noisy detail has be5 mi/ak5 = f9i%1 & ! m+l+ ( decision & indecision 9 f9e opposition--! my/]i\s lo/ & f\nd1 ! *ief *>m ( nature--has be5 utt]ly unfelt1 describ$ z #8transcripts ( nature4' ,^? arti/s :o use ! phrase1 adopt x z a conv5i5t b>ricade beh9d :i* !y may def5d _! own incompet5ce40--,t4 ,f4 ,goodall4 ,sid5ote3 ,da ,v9ci4 ,all photograph]s w\ld d well to lay ^! rem>ks to he>t4 ,in/ead ( x be+ an easy ?+ to pa9t 8a m]e transcript ( nature10 we %all %[ x to be utt]ly impossible4 ,no man c d ?is ei!r by pa9t+ or photography1 he c only give a translation1 or impression1 z ,leon>do da ,v9ci said long ago2 b he c give ?is impression truly or falsely4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,naturalism ,,9 ,,pictorial ,,& ,,glyptic ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,an inquiry into ! influ5ce ( ! /udy ( nature on art4 ,9 ?is *apt] we %all endeav\r to trace ! influ5ce ( ! /udy ( nature on all ! be/ art up to ! pres5t day4 ,sid5ote3 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann4 ,9 ord] to d ?is x w be necess>y to foll[ 9 *ronological ord] ! developm5t ( art1 & we propose tak+ z our guide 9 ?is matt] ,messrs4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann1 :o seem ! mo/ tru/wor?y & are ! mo/ rec5t ( art hi/orians4 ,we feel1 h[ev]1 t we mu/ /ate our attitude t[>ds !m z hi/orians ( art4 ,= ! ma9 hi/orical facts1 we will+ly accept z au?orities ^! writ]s1 s9ce !y h /udi$ ! matt]1 b :5 ^! hi/orians try to trace ! causes & effects ( diff]5t phases ( art on contempor>y life !n we entirely "p company f !m1 = !re are s _m :eels )9 :eels 9 ?is complex com$y ( life t we _c ) pati5ce li/5 to se>*]s ( manuscripts & /ud5ts ( autographs1 :o trace ! fall ( an empire to an oil pa9t+1 or ! decad5ce ( pa9t+ to ! *eapness ( :eat3 su* dreams may /ill s]ve1 z !y h always s]v$1 z a peg :]eon to hang rhetorical rhapsodies1 b !y c h no attraction = rational m9ds4 ,:at we propose1 !n1 is briefly to compile a %ort outl9e1 consi/+ ( ! sali5t facts 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 9 s f> z !y be> on our subject1 t is1 h[ f> ! be/ arti/s h be5 naturali/ic1 & h[ true 9 impression _! int]pretation ( nature4 ,:5 we agree ) any ( ! critical rem>ks ( ^! g5tlem51 we %all quote !m 9 full1 ackn[l$g+ !m 9 ! usual way1 b we res]ve to ourselves ! "r to diff] entirely f !m on arti/ic po9ts4 ,we ourselves feel mu* diffid5ce 9 advanc+ any critical rem>ks ( our own ^u ^! arts1 = we are conv9c$1 aft] a long & practical /udy ( ! subject1 t no "o c criticize any bran* ( art & ! criticism be au?oritative1 unless he be a practical ma/] arti/ 9 ! bran* ( art :i* he is criticiz+2 b z our op9ions h be5 put to ! t\*/one ( "s fir/-rate practical arti/s 9 o!r bran*es ?an our own1 we (f] !m1 /&+ always ready to be correct$ by any good practical arti/ on any po9t4 ,z to :o are good arti/s is aga9 ano!r wide "q4 ,c]ta9ly _! "n is n legion4 ,sid5ote3 ,criticism4 ,our object 9 trav]s+ all ?is gr\nd1 !n1 is "o ( inquiry1 to really see h[ f> 8naturalism0 is ! only we> = all good art1 & we h done x 9 an imp>tial _s1 arriv+ at ! conclusion t 9 all ! glyptic & pictorial arts ! t\*/one answ]s4 ,h[ f> ?is is ! case ) ! arts ( ,fiction1 ,poetry1 c41 is a m complex matt]1 & "o we _c n[ deal )1 b we feel t 9 ! lit]>y arts ! matt] is v diff]5t1 = 9 ^! arts we are n conf9$1 z we are 9 ! pictorial & glyptic arts1 to physical facts & _! repres5tation2 = !re is no su* ?+ z ab/ract beauty ( =m or col\r4 ,art has s]v$ z a peg on :i* to hang all sorts ( fads--f9e writ+1 v admirable 9 its place--morality1 n to be despis$--classical k & lit]ature g5]ally1 bo? ( ! highe/ /hetic value1 b 9 no way connect$ ) ! glyptic & pictorial arts4 ,naturali/ic art has be5 f\nd & lo/1 & lo/ & f\nd "t aft] "t1 & x is because ! ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,engli% & ,am]ican arti/s ( to-day are f9d+ x aga9 t we feel hopeful = ! art ( ! future4 ,sid5ote3 ,our aim4 ,our object is1 by ^! notes1 to lead our read]s to ! works ( art !mselves1 hop+ t by ?is means !y w1 to "s ext5t1 educate !mselves & f9ally =m indep5d5t judgm5ts on art matt]s4 ,mu* ( ! lam5table ignorance exi/+ on ^! subjects is due to ! acceptance ( ! dicta ( writ]s on pictures1 )\t ! read]s see+ ! pictures !mselves4 ,we e>ne/ly beg1 !re=e1 ( any "o :o may be suffici5tly int]e/$ 9 ! subject z to read ?is book1 t he w g & see ! orig9al pictures & sculptures cit$2 all ( :i* are )9 easy rea*4 ,x 0 our orig9al int5tion to introduce photographic reproductions ( ! be/ pieces ( sculpture1 & ! be/ pictures into ?is "w1 b we h decid$ aga9/ s do+1 fe>+ t ! read] might be tempt$ to look at ! reproductions & neglect ! orig9als1 & a translation1 h[ev] good x may be1 is b a small "p ( ! tru?4 ,9 ?us express+ our conclusions on naturalism 9 art1 we d n set up z ! prea*] ( any new gospel4 ,su* op9ions z ours are z old z ! art ( anci5t ,greece1 nay old]1 = f ! e>ly days ( ,egypt d[nw>ds ^! ideas h be5 held1 we %all f9d1 by great arti/s 9 all ages4 ,x is only 9 ! application ( ^! ideas to photography1 & 9 attempt+ to r$uce !m to sci5tific fir/ pr9ciples t we presume to claim any orig9ality4 ,,egyptian ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,egyptian art4 ,on exam9+ specim5s ( ,egyptian art1 :e!r x be _! pa9t+s1 ar*itecture1 sculpture or book illu/rations 7! papyri71 "o is /ruck by ! wond]ful simplicity1 decision & =ce ) :i* !y express$ !mselves4 ,! hi/ory ( ,egypt has be5 s little /udi$1 save by /ud5ts ( hi/ory1 & ! old popul> /ories conc]n+ ! nations ( ! pa/ are s inaccurate & mislead+1 t "o is at fir/ surpris$ to f9d su* p[] 9 ! works ( ^? :om we 7 taught1 n s long ago1 to look ^u z ,phili/9es2 s t we might gaze on ! ,pyramids ( ,gizeh1 ! /atues ( ,rameses1 & ! granite lions1 ) ! wond]m5t ( incompreh5sion4 ,b n[1 ( c\rse1 e "o kn[s t ! ,egyptians 7 ma/]s 9 c]ta9 directions1 :]e we are b 9 our infancy4 ,ev5 9 _! cavi relievi & wall pa9t+s1 ?\gh ^! latt] are b t9t$ outl9es1 !y are n ! outl9es ( *ildi% draughtsm51 weak & unmean+1 b !y %[ ! =ce ( a p[]ful skill t 9 "o bold outl9e c give all ! ess5tials ( a man1 bird or bea/1 s t ! picture looks liv+ & do+4 ,all ?r\gh _! "w !re is a bigness ( conception1 a solid grip ( nature :i* makes _! "w surpass _m ( ! elaborately f9i%$ & ri*ly detail$ pictures ( our mod]n art gall]ies4 ,sid5ote3 ,works to be /udi$4 ,let u call ! read]'s att5tion to su* examples z are easily to be se51 namely1 ,sid5ote3 ,! lions4! granite lions1 ! cavi relievi & ! papyri 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! lions1 :i* are rem>kable = /r5g? ( "* & tru?fulness ( impression1 may be tak5 z repres5tative ( ! greate/ p]iod ( ,egyptian art1 a p]iod :i* end$ ab\t ! "t ( ,rameses ,,ii42 = aft] t "t ! arti/ began to neglect ! /udy ( nature1 & gradual decad5ce set 94 ,sid5ote3 ,l&se]'s lions4 ,we /rongly advise all our read]s to g to ! ,briti% ,museum & look well at ^! lions4 ,!y are hewn f granite1 or porphyry1 ! h>de/ ( /ones1 !y h conv5tional m\/a*es1 & are ly+ 9 conv5tional positions1 yet )al1 !re is a wond]ful expression ( life & res]v$ /r5g? ab\t !m :i* makes y respect !m1 /one ?\gh !y be2 & !y convey to y1 z y look on _! long li! flanks s broadly & simply treat$1 ! tru?ful impression ( /rong & m]ciless animals4 ,y\r ?\ghts involunt>ily turn f !m to ,l&se]'s bronze lions gu>d+ ,trafalg> ,squ>e4 ,9 !m y rememb] all ! tufts ( hair correctly r5d]$1 ev5 to ! wool 9 ! e>s1 ! mane1 ! m\/a*es4 ,ev5 ! claws are !re1 & yet y feel in/9ctively y w\ld r meet ^?#b tame cats ( ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 ) all _! claws1 ?an ! ,egyptian lions 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! reason ( ?is is t ! ,egyptians knew h[ to epitomize1 s z to express ! fundam5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! lion1 !y c>$ n to say h[ _m hairs w5t to make up ! tuft$ tail1 nor yet h[ _m claws ea* paw %\ld h1 b :at !y tri$ to d1 & succe$$ 9 do+1 0 to convey a s5se ( 8 p[] & animalism1 or to convey1 9 %ort1 an impression ( 8 nature4 ----- ,footnote #b3 ,s9ce ?is 0 writt5 ,mr4 ,fri? has publi%$ t ,l&se] modell$ ^! lions f a tame cat4 ----- ,^! lions 7 ! outcome ( ! be/ p]iod ( ,egyptian sculpture4 ,! ,egyptian arti/s :o c>v$ ^? lions _h be5 /riv+ to int]pret ,nature1 & h5ce _! great success2 b z soon z _! successors began to neglect nature1 & took to draw+ up rules1 !y w5t wrong1 & produc$ c>icatures4 ,sid5ote3 ,rameses ,,ii4 & decad5ce4 ,we read t aft] ! "t ( ,rameses ,,ii4 8e figure is n[ ma!matically design$ accord+ to a prescrib$ canon ( num]ical proportions betwe5 ! p>ts40 ,sid5ote3 ,wilk9son's 8,anci5t ,egyptians40 ,all ?is we c trace = ourselves 9 ! plates suppli$ ) ,wilk9son's le>n$ "w1 entitl$1 8,! ,anci5t ,egyptians40 ,we see 9 ^? plates t some?+ has happ5$ to ! p & objects repres5t$1 some?+ t makes !m no long] tell _! own /ory1 !y no long] look alive1 b are mean+less2 ! reason ( ?is fall+ (f 0 t ! arti/ no long] us$ 8 eyes to any purpose1 b did :at 0 !n suppos$ to be ! "r ?+ to d1 namely1 foll[$ ! laws laid d[n by "s m5 ( n>r[ intellect--laws call$ z n[ ! 8canons ( art40 ,! v life ( ! ,egyptian arti/s ( t p]iod 0 aga9/ good "w1 = !y 7 incorporat$ into guilds1 & ! laws ( ca/e work$ z h>mfully z !y n[ d 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,arti/s' /atus4 ,!re is1 !n1 di/9ct evid5ce t on ! "o h& ! ,egyptian arti/s ( ! be/ p]iod1 :5 untrammell$ by conv5tionality1 creat$ works :i*1 ?\gh lack+ ! innum]able qualities ( lat] ,greek art1 yet possess$1 s f> z !y w5t1 ! fir/ ess5tial ( all art--tru? ( impression4 ,aga91 on ! o!r h&1 directly any?+ l 8rules ( art0 appe>$1 & ! /udy ( nature 0 neglect$1 _! art deg5]at$ into mean+less conv5tionality1 & z ?is conv5tionality & neglect ( nature 7 nev] ca/ aside1 ! art ( ,egypt nev] develop$ beyond ! "w done by ! arti/s :o c>v$ ! /one lions4 ,,mon>*ies ,,( ,,we/]n ,,asia4 ,sid5ote3 ,assyrian art4 ,assyrian art diff]$ f t ( ,egypt 9 t ! outl9e ( ! figures 0 mu* /rong]1 & t !y pa9t$ _! bas-reliefs2 b ! 8imitation ( nature 0 ! wat*word0 9 ,assyria1 z x 0 9 ,babylon4 ,sid5ote3 ,assyrian bas-reliefs4 ,9 /udy+ ! ,assyrian bas-reliefs1 ^? int]e/$ 9 ! subject %\ld g to ! ,assyrian rooms 9 ! basem5t ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & look at ! reliefs ( ,bani-,pal--! fam\s lion-hunt+ sc5es4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lion-hunt4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 mu* conv5tionality 9 ! "w1 z !re 0 9 t ( ! ,egyptians2 b no obs]v] c fail to detect t ! ,assyrians 7 naturali/ic to a degree t /rikes u z m>vell\s :5 we consid] ! subjects !y 7 treat+4 ,note ! lioness1 w\nd$ 9 ! sp9e1 dragg+ h] h9dqu>t]s pa9fully along4 ,does ?is n give a p[]ful impression ( ! w\nd$ animal8 & does x n occur to y h[ wond]ful 0 ! p[] ( ! man :o 9 s little express$ & conveys to y s mu*4 ,consid] :5 ^? ,assyrian sculptors liv$4 ,look1 too1 at ! bas-reliefs numb]$ #dg & #di2 & 9 #ej note ! m>vell\s tru?fulness ( impression ( ! horseman1 :o is rid+ at a gallop4 ,!re is life & movem5t 9 ! "w1 ?\gh !re is mu* scope = improvem5t 9 ! tru? ( ! movem5ts4 ,look1 too1 at ! lad5 mules 9 bas-reliefs numb]s #gj & #gb4 ,su* works z ^! 7 done by great m5 9 art1 & ?\gh crud5ess ( me?ods prev5t$ !m f rivall+ "s ( ! lat] "w1 _! "w is at lea/ hone/1 &1 z f> z x goes1 naturali/ic4 ,! "w does n say all t !re is to say ab\t ! subject2 b x does say mu* ( :at is mo/ ess5tial1 & by do+ t is arti/ically great] ?an "w done by scores ( mod]n m54 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/orical value ( ! bas-reliefs4,9 addition to _! arti/ic value1 h[ int]e/+ are ^! works z records ( hi/ory4 ,indisputable1 z writt5 hi/ory c nev] be1 !y are to u a valuable record ( ! life & times4 ,!y con/itute hi/orical art 9 its only good s5se4 ,,anci5t ,,greek ,,& ,,italian ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,anci5t ,greek & ,italian art4 ,9 discuss+ ,greek pa9t+ we %all rely entirely ^u ! erudite hi/orical "w ( ,messrs4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann1 giv+ a %ort rsum ( _! rem>ks on ! subject4 ,sid5ote3 ,no ,greek pa9t+s extant4 ,?is is absolutely necess>y1 z n "o specim5 ( ,greek pa9t+ has come d[n to u4#c ,b on ! o!r1 h&1 9 deal+ ) ,greek & ,grco-,roman sculpture we %all base our rem>ks on ! ,greek & ,grco-,roman sculpture 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ----- ,footnote #c3 ,"s pa9t+s q rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,egypt are app>5tly ! "w ( ,greek arti/s1 & t5d to confirm ?is writt5 te/imony4 ----- ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory ( ,greek pa9t+4 ,beg9n+ !n ) ,greek pa9t+1 let u see :at ! hi/orians tell u4 ,!y beg9 by say+1 9 pa9t+ 8! ,greeks effect$ no?+ %ort ( a revolution 444 by "r ( :i* !y des]ve ! glory ( hav+ fir/ made pa9t+ a tru?ful mirror ( realities40 ,?is fact1 t _! pictorial art rea*$ su* p]fection1 is n g5]ally kn[n1 = ! reason t ! ass]tion re/s on writt5 te/imony1--b x is reliable te/imony4 ,! hi/orians 8insi/ on ! fact t no s+le "w ( any "o ( ! fam\s pa9t]s recogniz$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,greek art has surviv$ to our "t40 ,let u !n briefly trace ! rise ( ,greek pa9t+ till x culm9at$ 9 ,apelles4 ,sid5ote3 ,polygnotos4 ,polygnotos 7,b4,c4 #dge-ee7 is ! fir/ "n we he> (1 & ( 8 works we are told1 8!y 7 j z f> f be+ really complete pictorial repres5tations z ! wall-pictures ( ! ,assyrians & ,egyptians !mselves10 al?\gh 9 "s p>ticul>s !re mu/ h be5 a di/9ct advancem5t on ! "w ( ! ori5tals4 ,= example1 we are told ,polygnotos pa9t$ ! 8fi%es ( ,a*]on %ad[y grey1 & ! pebbles ( ! riv]-b$ s t !y c\ld be se5 ?r\gh ! wat]40 ,polygnotos fell1 h[ev]1 into a pitfall :i* has entrapp$ _m pa9t]s s9ce1 he pa9t$ imag9ative pictures4 ,we are told he 80 a pa9t] ( h]oes10 "s ( 8 s*ool attempt$ portraiture1 8b pa9t+ ?\gh 9 ?is age 0 /ill a m]e sy/em ( t9t$ outl9e design40 ,sid5ote3 ,aga?>*os4 ,!n foll[$ ,aga?>*os1 8! lead] ( a real revolution1 a revolution by :i* art 0 enabl$ to a*ieve great & decisive progress t[>ds a sy/em ( repres5tation correspond+ ) ! laws ( optics & ! full tru? ( nature40 ,aga?>*os 0 a sc5e-pa9t]1 & 0 no d\bt l$ by /riv+ = naturalism 9 8 sc5]y to /udy naturalism 9 pa9t+ g5]ally4 ,sid5ote3 ,sc5e-pa9t+4 ,z ! hi/orians rem>k1 8,9 sc5e-pa9t+ z ?us practis$1 we f9d ! orig9s n only ( all repres5tations ( det]m9ate backgr\nds1 b also1 & m especially1 ( l&scape pa9t+4 ,x is impossible to ov]-e/imate ! importance ( ! inv5tion ( sc5e-pa9t+ z ! mo/ decisive turn+-po9t 9 ! entire hi/ory ( ! art1 & ,aga?>*os is nam$ z ! ma/] :o1 at ! inspiration ( s*ylus1 fir/ devot$ himself to practis+ ! inv5tion40 ,sid5ote3 ,p]spective4 ,?is pa9t]1 x is said1 also paid great att5tion to p]spective1 & left a treatise :i* 0 aft]w>ds us$ 9 draw+ up ! laws ( p]spective4 ,x is said 8 mann] ( treatm5t 0 8comp>atively broad & picturesque40 ,sid5ote3 ,apollodoros4 ,next came ,apollodoros1 a figure-pa9t]1 :o also comb9$ l&scape & figure subjects1 & ( :om ,pl9y says 8t he 0 ! fir/ to give ! appe>ance ( reality to 8 pictures1 ! fir/ to br+ ! bru% into j repute1 ,sid5ote3 ,easel-pictures4 & ev5 t be=e him no easel-picture 7tabula7 _h exi/$ by any ma/] fit to *>m ! eye ( ! spectator40 ,sid5ote3 ,*i>o-oscuro4 ,apollodoros 0 ! fir/ to give 8 pictures a natural & def9ite backgr\nd 9 true p]spective2 he 0 ! fir/1 x is emphatically /at$1 8:o rightly manag$ *i>o-oscuro & ! fusion ( col\rs4444 ,he w h also be5 ! fir/ to s(t5 (f ! outl9es ( 8 figures4444 ,sid5ote3 ,brunn4 ,= ?is reason we may1 ) ,brunn1 9 a c]ta9 s5se call ,apollodoros 8! fir/ true pa9t]40 ,we are told1 h[ev]1 t 8 8pa9t+ 01 9 comp>ison ) 8 successors1 h>d & imp]fect10 & t ! innovations made by him 9 ! relation ( =egr\nd & backgr\nd _c be comp>$ to ! improvem5ts effect$ by ! bro!rs ,van ,eyck 9 mod]n times4 ,sid5ote3 ,zeuxis1 ,p>rhasios1 & ,timan!s4 ,we n[ read ( ,zeuxis1 ,p>rhasios1 & ,timan!s1 :o1 we are told1 8p]fect$ a sy/em ( pictorial repres5tation1 adequately r5d]+ on ! flat surface ! relief & v>iety ( nature1 9 o!r p>ticul>s if n 9 col\r40 ,! endeav\r ( ,zeuxis 0 8by ! brilliant use ( ! bru% to rival nature h]self10 & f anecdotes relat$ ( him & ( ,p>rhasios1 we ga!r t !y 8laid ! greate/ /ress on c>ry+ out to ! po9t ( actual illusion ! deceptive lik5ess to nature40 ,_m ( ,zeuxis' subjects 7 tak5 f ev]yday life--ano!r /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,eupompos4 ,we n[ come to ! ,dorian s*ool1 ) ,eupompos z its f\nd]2 & "h we f9d a det]m9ation to /udy pa9t+ sci5tifically1 & to consci5ti\sly obs]ve nature1 = we are told ,eupompos express$ ! op9ion 8t ! arti/ :o wi%$ to succe$ mu/ g fir/ ( all to nature z 8 tea*]40 ,sid5ote3 ,pamphilos4 ,pamphilos1 a pupil ( ,eupompos1 br\ght ?is s*ool to maturity1 & insi/$ on ! 8necessity ( sci5tific /udy = ! pa9t]40 ,sid5ote3 ,melan?ios4 ,he 0 foll[$ by ,melan?ios1 :o pursu$ ! same l9es ( sci5tific inve/igation2 & 0 9 8 turn succe$$ by ,pausias1 ( :om we he>1 ,sid5ote3 ,pausias4 8,x is quot$ z a novel & /rik+ effect1 t 9 "o ( 8 pictures ! face ( ,me? 7or p]sonifi$ ,intoxication7 0 visible ?r\gh ! transp>5t sub/ance ( ! glass out ( :i* %e drank40 ,8 "w 0 consid]$ to h great te*nical excell5ce1 8 subjects 7 tak5 f ev]yday life1 & 8 pictures 7 all on a small scale4 ,pl9y says 88 fav\rite !mes 7 #8boys1' t is1 no d\bt1 sc5es ( *ild-life4444 ,he develop$1 x seems1 a m natural me?od ( repres5t+ ! modell+ ( objects by ! gradations ( a s+le col\r40 ,we read1 too1 t 8 pa9t+s drawn fre% f life 87 mu* appreciat$ by ! ,romans40 ,su* is ! case ) all good naturali/ic works1 !y always int]e/ po/]ity1 :]eas ! s-call$ imag9ative works only int]e/ ! age = :i* !y are pa9t$4 ,we %\ld to-day pref] & treasure z beyond price "o ( ,pausias' /udies ( famili> ,greek life1 :]eas ! h]oes ( ,polygnotos w\ld lack int]e/ = u1 & excite b little en?usiasm4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,!ban-,attic s*ool4 ,!re 0 a ?ird s*ool ( ,greek pa9t+1 t call$ ! ,!ban-,attic1 & ( ?is we read t !re 0 8a great ease & v]satility1 & an inv5tion m int5t ^u ! expression ( human emotion10 b no pa9t] ( ?is s*ool made any v great advance4 ,sid5ote3 ,apelles4 ,at l5g? we come to ,apelles1 ! mo/ fam\s ( all ,greek pa9t]s4 ,he1 al?\gh already well kn[n & highly ?\ght (1 w5t to ! ,sikyonian s*ool1 to /udy "u ,pamphilos1 & we aft]w>ds he> ( him z c\rt pa9t] to ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,we are told t at c\rt 8 8mission 0 to celebrate ! p]son & ! de$s ( ! k+1 z well z ^? ( 8 capta9s & *ief m540 ,?is 0 at any rate legitimate hi/orical pa9t+4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann say1 8,9 fai?ful imitation ( nature he 0 second to none2 he 0 fir/ ( all 9 ref9em5t ( light & %ade1 & consequ5t fulness ( relief & complet5ess ( modell+40 ,& aga9 we read1 8,a/oni%+ te*nical p]fection 9 ! illusory imitation ( nature0 di/+ui%$ ,apelles4 ,?us we see t ! great aim ( ! greate/ ( ,greek pa9t]s 0 to pa9t nature exactly z %e is1 or z glib critics w\ld say1 to pa9t 8m]e transcripts ( nature40 ,sid5ote3 ,protog5es4 ,contempor>y ) ,apelles 0 ,protog5es1 ^: aim 0 to rea* ! 8highe/ degree ( illusion 9 detail40 ,! cycle ( developm5t seem$ n[ to h rea*$ its highe/ po9t1 & z ! naturali/ic tea*+s fell into ! h&s ( inf]ior m51 !y 7 abus$1 & ,woltmann & ,wo]mann tell u ! imitative pr9ciple 0 n kept subs]vi5t to arti/ic ends1 & 9 ! h&s ( ,!on ( ,samos ! pr9ciple ( illusion became an end 9 itself1 & art deg5]at$ into leg]dema94 ,?is same t5d5cy is n[ %[+ its hydra head1 & 9 ,london1 ,brussels1 & o!r places are to be se5 inf]ior works hidd5 9 d>k rooms1 or to be view$ ?r\gh peep-holes4 ,sid5ote3 ,!on4 ,we only want ! trumpets ( ,!on or ! music ( ! op]a b\ffe to complete ! degradation4,foll[+ ,!on1 & probably disgu/$ ) 8 phantasies1 came pa9t]s ( small subjects2,sid5ote3 ,! rhyp>ographi4 ! rhyp>ographi ( ,pl9y1 or ! rag-&-tatt] pa9t]s1 8:o pa9t$ b>b]s' %ops1 asses1 eatables1 & su*-l40 8,we see1 !re=e1 t ab\t ,b4,c4 #cjj 444 ,greek pa9t+ _h already ext5d$ its a*ievem5ts to almo/ all conceivable !mes1 ) ! s+le exception ( l&scape4 ,)9 ! space ( a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ! art _h pass$ ?r\gh e te*nical /age1 f ! t9t$ pr(ile sy/em ( ,polygnotos to ! prop]ly pictorial sy/em ( natural sc5es1 enclos$ 9 natural backgr\nds1 & !nce to ! sy/em ( trick & artifice1 :i* aim$ at ! realism ( actual illusion by means beyond ! legitimate scope ( art40 8,! creative p[] ( ,greek pa9t+ 0 z good z exhau/$ by ?is s]ies ( ef=ts4 ,9 ! foll[+ c5turies ! art surviv$ inde$ z a pleasant aft]-gr[?1 9 "s ( its old seats1 b few arti/s /& out ) /rong individuality f among _! contempor>ies4 ,only a ma/] "h & !re makes a "n = himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,timoma*os4 ,! "o ( ^! :om we h "h especially to notice is ,timoma*os1 ( ,byzantium1 an exception ( und5iable importance1 s9ce ev5 at ?is late p]iod ( ,greek culture he won = himself a _w-wide celebrity40 ,decad5ce1 h[ev]1 _h already set 91 & we f9d t ,timoma*os neglect$ ! /udy ( famili> subjects1 & return$ to ! s-call$ imag9ative /yle1 produc+ su* works z 8,ajax & ,m$ea10 & 8,iphig5ia 9 ,taurus40 ,sid5ote3 ,greek l&scape pa9t+4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t ! only bran* ( pa9t+ n yet tri$ by ! ,greeks1 namely1 l&scape pa9t+1 0 attempt$4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann sugge/ a reason = ?is new dep>ture :5 !y say1 8,we c ga!r ) c]ta9ty f poetry & lit]ature t x 0 9 ! age ( ! ,diado*i 7! k+s :o divid$ among/ !m ! k+dom ( ,alex&]7 t ! innate ,greek in/9ct ( an?ropomorphism1 ( p]sonify+ nature 9 human =ms1 f a comb9ation ( causes 0 gradually modifi$ 9 ! direction ( an appreciation ( natural sc5es = _! own sake1 & z !y really are40 ,l&scape pa9t+1 h[ev]1 did n rea* any great p]fection1 = we are told x 8sc>cely got beyond ! sup]ficial "* ( decorative "w40 ,sid5ote3 ,decad5ce4 ,) ?is p]iod ends ! true hi/ory ( ,greek pa9t+1 ?\gh x /ill l+]s on1 & becomes s f> m]g$ into t ( ,roman art t betwe5 ! two x is n possible to draw a l9e ( di/9ction4 ,sid5ote3 ,fabius & ,ludius4 ,roman art _h a "* ( its own1 & ev5 two pa9t]s1 ^: names1 ,fabius & ,ludius1 & 9 ! case ( ! latt] ^: works1 h be5 h&$ d[n to u2 b ! works ( ,ludius d n appe> to h be5 m ?an decorative "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,vases1 mosaics1 c41 c4 ,besides ! writt5 te/imony ref]r$ to1 ! /ate ( art c be ga!r$ f ! vases1 bronzes1 mosaics1 pa9t+s on /one1 & mural decorations :i* h come d[n to u4 ,^! 7 *iefly ! "w ( ,greek j\rneym51 & ?\gh !re is mu* t is excell5t 9 ^! productions1 _! p]iod ( decad5ce v soon set 94 ,sid5ote3 ,antiques = t\ri/s4 ,x is a gauge ( ! art k ( to-day to wat* ! gullible ,engli% & ,am]icans pur*as+ ?ird-rate copies ( ! works ( ,greek j\rneym5 h\se-decorators1 & tak+ !m home & ho>d+ !m z works ( art1--works :i* 7 only valuable 9 _! own "t1 9 connection ) ! life & ar*itecture !n exi/+1 b :i* at ! pres5t day are int]e/+ m]ely f an hi/orical po9t ( view1 = no really arti/ic m9d c possibly f9d satisfaction 9 su* "w = its own sake4 ,did ^! uncultur$ buy]s b reflect & /udy = a :ile ! natural beauties ar\nd !m1 !y w\ld soon see ! error ( _! ways4 ,9 _! conclusion on ,grco-,roman art ,woltmann & ,wo]mann say t !y 8h no d\bt t ,greek pa9t+ _h at la/ fully acquir$ ! p[] to produce adequate semblances ( liv+ fact & nature10 :i* c\ld n be said ( any pa9t+ up to t "t4 ,"h !n we h trac$ a quick developm5t ( ,greek pa9t+1 & an almo/ equally quick decl9e1 & all ?r\gh we f9d ! nev]-fail+ tru?1--t s long z nature 0 ! /&>d1 & all ef=ts 7 direct$ t[>ds int]pret+ h] fai?fully1 s long did ! national art gr[ & improve till x culm9at$ 9 ! /atues ( ,pheidias & ! pa9t+s ( ,apelles2 b t directly nature 0 neglect$1 z x 0 9 ! "t ( ,!on1 art deg5]at$1 till at la/ x fell1 z we %all see1 into ! mean+less "w ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian arti/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,art criticism4,we f9d ev5 ?us e>ly t ! p$antic writ] :o kn[s no?+ ( practical art _h begun to fill ! _w ) 8 my/]i\s nons5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,rhetoricians4 ,su* 7 ! rhetoricians ( ! empire :o describe works 8purely anonym\s1 inde$ 9 _m cases x is cle> t ! picture has be5 inv5t$ by ! man ( lett]s1 z a peg :]eon to hang 8 eloqu5ce40 ,x _c be too (t5 repeat$ t te*nical criticism is n au?oritative unless made by ma/]s ( ! sev]al arts4 ,sid5ote3 ,greek & ,grco-,roman sculpture4 ,let u n[ proce$ to ! ,briti% ,museum1 & look at ! be/ specim5s ( ,greek & ,grco-,roman sculpture z exhibit$ !re4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,briti% ,museum collection4 ,tak+ = exam9ation ! specim5s ne>e/ at h&2 we ref] to ^? to be se5 9 ! gall]y lead+ out ( ! entrance-hall ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,sid5ote3 ,n]o's bu/4 ,! bu/s :i* /rike u mo/ =cibly are ^? ( ,n]o1 ,trajan1 ,publius ,hevius ,p]t9ax1 ,cordianus ,africanus1 ,c>acalla1 ,commodus1 & ,julius ,cs>4 ,! bu/ ( ,n]o 7,no4 #aa7 /rikes "o by ! simplicity & bread? ( its treatm5t1 comb9$ z ^! qualities are ) ! expression ( great /r5g? & en]gy4 ,! sculptor has evid5tly gone at 8 "w ) a ?or\gh k ( ! te*nique1 & hewn ! /atue /raight f ! m>ble1 a cu/om1 by ! way1 foll[$ by only "o mod]n sculptor1 namely1 ,j4 ,hav>d ,?omas4 ,look at ! broad treatm5t ( ! *9 & neck ( ?is bu/ ( ,n]o4 ,n[adays "o r>ely meets ) ev5 liv+ awe-inspir+ m51 b t m>ble c>ries ) x su* =ce1 t1 all cold & /ony z x is1 x creates 9 y a feel+ ( respect & awe4 ,x %\ld be /udi$ f v>i\s di/ances & coigns ( vantage1 & if well /udi$ x c surely nev] be =gott54 ,x gives ! head ( a dom9e]+1 cruel1 s5sual1 yet /rong man4 ,sid5ote3 ,trajan's bu/4 ,9 ! bu/ ( ,trajan 7,no4 #ae71 we h ! same p[]ful te*nique employ$ ?is "t 9 r5d]+ ! animal /r5g? ( a p[]ful man4 ,) 8 l[ =ehead1 small head1 & spl5did neck1 ! embodim5t ( /r5g?1 ,trajan looks d[n on u some:at scornfully4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu/ ( ,publius ,p]t9ax4 ,!n1 too1 ,no4 #ce1 ! bu/ ( ,publius ,hevius ,p]t9ax1 is no mask1 b a face ) a bra9 beh9d x4 ,y feel ?is man might speak1 & if he did1 :at he _h to say w\ld be wor? li/5+ to4 ,p]haps = grip ( ! impression ( life ?is is ! be/ ( all ^! bu/s4 ,comp>e x ) ! mask 7x c be call$ no?+ else7 on ! %elf above x1 & y w see ! diff]5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu/s ( ,cordianus & ,c>acalla4 ,! portrait bu/s ( ,cordianus ,africanus 7,no4 #ci7 & ,c>acalla are also m>vell\s = life-l expression4 ,look well at ! cropp$ head & be>d ( ,cordianus f a little di/ance1 & see h[ true & life-l ! impression is2 !n g up close & see h[ ! hair ( ! be>d is r5d]$4 ,x is done by *ipp+ out little w$ges ( ! m>ble4 ,"h is a v good example ( ! di/9ction betwe5 :at is call$ realism & naturalism or impressionism1 = ! two la/ we hold to be synonym\s1 ?\gh = lucidity we h def9$ !m diff]5tly4 ,if all ! detail ( t be>d _h be5 r5d]$1 e hair or curl correctly cut to repres5t a hair or curl1 & ?is is :at ! mod]n ,italian sculptor w\ld h done1 we %\ld h _h realism & bad "w4 ,?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d 9 portrait photography1 t ! ess5ce1 ! true impression1 is :at is requir$2 ! fundam5tal is all t c\nts2 ! re/ is small1 niggl+1 contemptible4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu/ ( ,commodus4 ,let u turn to ,no4 #cc1--! s5sual face ( ,commodus1--he re-lives 9 ! m>ble4 ,sid5ote3 ,bu/ ( ,hom]4 ,ano!r v notable bu/ is t ( ,hom] 7,no4 #aag71 9 ! corn] ( ! gall]y at "r angles to t we are leav+4 ,look h[ truly ! impression is r5d]$ ( ! )]$ old lit]>y man2 h[ ! /ory ( 8 long life is /amp$ on 8 face1 ! unmi/akable look ( ! /udi\s1 contemplative man4 ,pass we n[ to ! next gall]y1 & /op at ! wond]fully f9e torso1 ,no4 #agb4 ,sid5ote3 ,torso1 & boy & ?orn4 ,look well at ?is beautiful "w1 s feel+ly1 sympa!tically1 & simply treat$ by ! sculptor4 ,y c almo/ see ! light glance z ! muscles glide b5ea? ! sk94 ,?is is a m>vell\s natural "w1 z is also ! boy pull+ out a ?orn f 8 foot4 ,sid5ote3 ,"y satyr4,! "y satyr 7,no4 #ahd7 is also a wond]fully f9e piece ( sculpture1 & well wor? close /udy4 ,! /ud5t w h ample opportunity = /udy+1 side by side1 9 ?is gall]y1 bad /one cutt+ & f9e sculpture1 = _m ( ! f9e m>bles h be5 b>b>\sly re/or$4 ,z an example1 we cite ! lifeless1 /ony arms ( ,no4 #ahh1 :i* comp>e ) ! re/ ( ! figure1 look at ! india-rubb] f+] ( ! "r h&1 & y w und]/& :at bad "w is1 if y did n "k x already4 ,sid5ote3 ,apo!osis ( ,hom]4 ,be=e leav+ ?is gall]y let ! read] look at ,no4 #aei1 ! ,apo!osis ( ,hom]4 ,n[1 z c be imag9$1 ?is is ! delight ( ! p$antic critic1 & m ignorant rhapsodies h be5 writt5 on ?is "w ?an p]haps on any o!r piece ( sculpture4 ,( c\rse1 z any c&id & compet5t obs]v] w see1 ?is is1 z a "w ( art1 v poor1 & h>dly wor? talk+ ab\t1 except z a w>n+4 ,9 pass+ into ! gall]y :]e are ! rema9s ( ! ,p>!non frieze1 notice an ar*aic nude torso :i* /&s on ! left1 & see h[ ! arti/ 0 feel+ 8 way to nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>!non frieze4 ,all portions ( ! ,p>!non frieze %\ld be mo/ c>efully /udi$4 ,! animals 9 #fj & #fa are fairly true1 z 9 fact is ! :ole "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,muybridge & 8 cant]+ horse4 ,x 0 on see+ "o ( ,muybridge's photographs ( a man cant]+ on a b>e-back$ horse1 t a sculptor rem>k$ to u1 8,i wond] if ! ,greeks knew ( photography40 ,& yet critics & feeble arti/s call ?is "w ideal1 & decl>e !y discov] imag9>y gr\p+s accord+ to geometrical laws1 & heav5 kn[s :at2 all ( :i* ! be/ sculptors d5y4 ,sid5ote3 ,horse ( ,sel5e4 ,! /ud5t mu/ n[ look at ! 8,horse ( ,sel5e10 "o ( ! mo/ m>vell\s pieces ( "w ev] done by man4 ,x 0 a long "t be=e we c\ld see ! full beauty & tru?fulness ( impression ( ?is great "w1 & ! reason 0 due to a simple physical fact4 ,we /ood too ne> to x4 ,to see x well y %\ld /& ab\t tw5ty or ?irty feet (f1 & out ( ! grey backgr\nd y w see ! m>ble horse toss+ its liv+ head1 & y w be spell-b\nd4 ,hav+ obs]v$ ! tru?fulness ( impression1 g to x close up1 & note ! wond]ful tru? ) :i* ! bony /ructure ( ! skull is sugge/$ b5ea? ! sk94 ,we c say no m ?an t x is a true impression tak5 direct f nature1 = 9 no o!r way c\ld x h be5 obta9$4 ,no?+ ideal ab\t x at all1 simply naturalism4 ,mu* nons5se has be5 writt51 too1 ab\t 8idealism0 9 ,greek co9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,greek co9s4 ,to u !y seem simply impressions tak5 f bu/s or o!r works2 b to make assurance d\bly sure1 we h tak5 ! op9ion ( two ( ! v be/ mod]n sculptors1 :o are1 we v5ture to prophesy1 go+ to %[ u z good "w z any done by ! ,greeks1 & 9 _m ways ev5 bett] "w4#d ,well1 _! op9ion z to 8idealism0 9 ,greek sculpture is emphatically t x exi/$ n4 ,!y say t ! ,greeks 7 naturali/ic1 ! /udy ( nature 0 ! ma9spr+ ( _! art1 & ! tru?ful expression ( ! poetry ( nature _! sole end & aim4 ,t !y atta9$ ?is end 9 _m ways we "k1 & 9 c]ta9 ways !y w nev] be surpass$1 b 9 o!r directions _! "w w "o day appe> *ildi%4 ----- ,footnote #d3 ,all old "w is to be surpass$1 & t 9 ! fundam5tal matt] ( movem5t4 ,?is advance is entirely due to ,photography4 ----- ,sid5ote3 ,te*nical criticism4 ,we d n attempt to give a detail$ te*nical criticism ( sculpture z execut$ by ! ,greeks1 =1 z we h said be=e1 none b a fir/-rate sculptor c d t2 & z !re are n half a doz5 su* 9 ,engl&1 & z !y h q en\gh "w to d at pres5t1 we fe> ! public w h to wait "s "t = su* criticism4 ,9 ! meantime ^? int]e/$ 9 ! subject _c d bett] ?an /udy ! works m5tion$1 & let !m leave all o!rs alone2 let !m sp5d days 9 /udy+ ^? po9t$ out1 & !y w soon f9d !mselves able to di/+ui% good "w f bad4 ,sid5ote3 ,gibson gall]y4 ,!n1 if !y want a good %ock1 let !m walk into ! ,gibson ,gall]y at ,burl+ton ,h\se1 = !re !y w see no?+ b bad "w4 ,!re is "o po9t to be borne 9 m9d :5 we look at ! surpass+ beauty ( ! ,greek /atues1 & t is ! natural beauty ( ! ,greek race1 & ! numb] ( excell5t models ! ,greek sculptors _h be=e !m to *oose f4 ,sid5ote3 ,ta9e4 ,ta9e1 9 8 *>m+ b ate*nical volume on 8,la ,philosophie de l'art ,grec10 goes z ?or\ghly into ?is "q z a hi/orian & philosoph] c ent] into ! life ( ! pa/1 & into art que/ions1 :i* 9 our op9ion is to a v limit$ ext5t4 ,nev]!less1 8 book is full ( sugge/ions1 & if our sculptors d n to-day equal 9 beauty ! antiques1 ! cause1 9 our op9ion1 lies 9 ! lack ( p]fect models1 = ! be/ te*nical "w ( to-day we ?9k is sup]ior to t ( ! ,greeks4 ,we h se5 impressioni/ic r5d]+s ( nature by "s mod]n sculptors :i* we ?9k m natural 9 all po9ts ?an any?+ ( ! k9d to be f\nd 9 ,greek sculpture4 ,sid5ote3 ,mod]n ,fr5* s*ool4 ,l ! ,greeks h ! lead+ m5 ( ! mod]n ,fr5* s*ool adh]$ to nature1--a s*ool 9 our m9d m ak9 to ! ,greek s*ool at its be/ ?an any o!r1 & = ! simple reason t x is m loyal to nature ?an any art has be5 s9ce ! "t ( ,apelles4 ,sid5ote3 ,horizon-l9e4 ,z an example ( ! k9%ip betwe5 ! two s*ools we quote ,woltmann & ,wo]mann1 :o tell u ! ,greeks 8plac$ _! horizon abnormally high accord+ to our ideas2 & di/ribut$ ! v>i\s objects ov] an ample space 9 cle> & equable light40 ,n[ mod]n pa9t]s h happily disc>d$ all laws = ! position ( ! horizon-l9e1 & common s5se %[s t ! height ( ! horizon naturally dep5ds on h[ mu* =egr\nd is includ$ 9 ! picture4 ,! angle includ$ by ! eye v]tically z well z horizontally v>ies ) ! di/ance ( ! object f u1 & ! only law !re=e is to include 9 ! picture z mu* z is includ$ by ! eye2 & ?is ( c\rse v>ies ) ! position ( ! motif or *ief po9t ( int]e/4 ,sid5ote3 ,millet4 ,millet has a good _m high horizons1 & we feel !y are normal n abnormal4 ,on ?is po9t !re=e we ?9k ! ,greeks 7 v advanc$4 ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian art4 ,leav+ ,greek art1 we n[ come to ! art ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann tell u t 8,e>ly ,*ri/ian art does n diff] 9 its beg9n+s f ! art ( antiquity4444 ,! only p]ceptible diff]5ces are ^? diff]5ces ( subject :i* betok5 ! fact t art has n[ to embody a *ang$ ord] ( religi\s ideas1 & ev5 f ?is po9t ( view ! classical connection is b gradually1 & at fir/ imp]fectly1 sev]$4444 ,at ! outset ,*ri/ianity1 z 0 inevitable f its ,jewi% orig91 _h no ne$ = art4 ,9 _m qu>t]s ! av]sion to works ( mat]ial imag]y 444--! antagonism to ! idolatries ( antiquity--rema9$ long unabat$4 ,yet :5 ,*ri/ianity1 f> out/epp+ ! n>r[ circle ( ,judaism1 _h be5 tak5 up by classically educat$ ,greeks & ,romans1 ! prejudice aga9/ works ( art c\ld n cont9ue to be g5]al1 nor c\ld ,*ri/5dom escape ! crav+ = art :i* is common to civiliz$ mank9d4 ,! dislike ( images us$ z objects ( wor%ip did n include m]e *amb] decorations1 & :ile indep5d5t sculpture f\nd no foot+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w1 or at lea/ 0 appli$ only to secul> & n to religi\s uses1 pa9t+1 on ! o!r h&1 f\nd enc\ragem5t = purely decorative purposes1 9 ! execution ( :i* a *>act]i/ically ,*ri/ian elem5t began to ass]t itself by degrees40 ,sid5ote3 ,! catacombs4 ,! pure ,*ri/ian elem5t began to ass]t itself sil5tly 9 decorative "w 9 ! catacombs1 & 8^! cemet]ies are ! only places 9 :i* we f9d rema9s ( ,*ri/ian pa9t+s ( e>li] date ?an ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury40 ,^! works1 h[ev]1 8con/itut$ no m ?an a k9d ( picture writ+10 z any "o :o has se5 !m c c]tify4 ,b ?is symbolism got v mix$ ) pagan /ories1 & we get ,orpheus 9 a ,phrygian cap1 & ,h]mes c>ry+ a ram1 bo? repres5t+ ! ,good ,%eph]d4 ,at o!r times ! arti/s seem to h set !mselves to repres5t a ,*ri/ con/ruct$ on _! k ( ! attributes ascrib$ to him1 & we get a be>dless y\? approa*+ 8closely to ! k9dr$ types ( ! classical gods & h]oes40 8,m>y appe>s z a ,roman matron1 g5]ally pray+ ) uplift$ h&s40 ,sid5ote3 ,/4 ,pet]'s /atue at ,rome4,pet] & ,paul 8appe> z anci5t philosoph]s10 & ! well-kn[n bronze /atue ( ,/4 ,pet]1 9 ! ca!dral d$icat$ to him at ,rome1 is no less ?an a bon fide antique /atue ( a ,roman consul4 ,"h we h ! same neglect ( nature1 & ! bad "w always to be expect$ f ?is neglect & f enslav$ m9ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,mosaics4 ,! mosaics ( ,*ri/ian art 7 also h&$ d[n f classical antiquity4 ,?\gh r>ely f\nd 9 ! catacombs1 ?is art 0 be+ mu* us$ above gr\nd = ar*itectural decoration4 ,?is art1 z ,woltmann & ,wo]mann rightly say1 0 8only a labori\s indu/ry1 :i* by fitt+ toge!r m9ute col\r$ blocks produces a copy ( a design1 :i* design ! work]s are b\nd by4 ,!y may proce$ me*anically1 b n s flimsily & c>elessly z ! decorative pa9t]s40 ,f ab\t ,a4,d4 #dej we are told t *ur* pictures become no long] only decorative1 b also in/ructive4 ,"h !n 0 a wrong use ( pictorial art--x is n meant to be symbolic & allegorical1 or to tea*1 b to int]pret ! poetry ( nature4 ,a new conception ( ,*ri/ x seems n[ appe>$ 9 ! mosaics1--a be>d$ type1--& ?is "t we get ! features ( ,zeus repres5t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! emp]ors' s*ool4 ,by means ( ! mosaics a new impulse 0 giv5 to art1 & 9 ,a4,d4 #cge a s*ool 0 f\nd$ by ! ,emp]ors ,val5t9ian1 ,val5s1 & ,gratian1 ( :i* we read1 8,! s*ools ( art n[ once m enc\rage ! obs]vance ( traditions2 /rictness ( discipl9e & academical tra9+ 7 ! objects kept 9 view2 & ! /ud5t 0 taught to "w1 n indep5d5tly by /udy f nature1 b accord+ to ! prec$5t ( ! be/ classical models40 ,sid5ote3 ,byzant9e art4 ,at ?is "t art1 ?\gh ly+ "u ! influ5ce ( antique traditions1 held its own = a long] "t 9 ,byzantium1 :]e ! decorative /yle ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians liv$ on aft] ! iconocla/ic s*ism 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 & :]e we read t ?is ornam5tal /yle began to be commonly employ$4 ,sid5ote3 ,ju/9ian4,aft] ! age ( ,ju/9ian 7:i* itself has left no creation ( art at ,rome71 _m poor & conv5tional works 7 execut$ at ,rav5na4 ,we read t = 8lack ( inn] life & significance1 am5ds are attempt$ to be made by mat]ial spl5d\r1 brilliancy ( co/ume1 & a gold gr\ndwork1 :i* _h n[ become ! rule "h z well z 9 ,byzantium40 ,?us we see ! arti/s became completely lo/ 9 confusion s9ce !y _h left nature1 & !y knew n :at to d1 b1 l _m weak pa9t]s ( ! pres5t day1 tri$ to make _! "w attractive by m]etrici\s ornam5ts1 & true art !re 0 none4 ,?is is c>ri$ out to-day to its fulle/ developm5t by _m m5 ( m$ium tal5t1 :o make pictures 9 f> c\ntries1 or ( popul> resorts1 or religi\s subjects1 & /rive to appeal1 & d appeal to an un$ucat$ class1 ?r\gh ! subject ( _! "w1 :i* 9 itself may be a "w ( ! poore/ description4 ,sid5ote3 ,mosaics4 ,we read t 9 ! ye> #fdj1 8! sup]ficial & unequal "* ( mosaic workman%ip increas$ quickly40 ,sid5ote3 ,m9iatures4 ,! m9iatures ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 we are told1 %[$ consid]able p[]1 b ! iconocla/ic s*ism br\ght all ?is to an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,mohamm$ans4 8,! gibes ( ! ,mohamm$ans0 7 ! cause ( ,leo ! ,?ird's edict aga9/ image wor%ip 9 ,a4,d4 #gbf4 ,all ! pictures 9 ! ,ea/ 7 de/roy$ by arm$ b&s1 & ! pa9t]s ?r[n into prison1 & s end$ ,byzant9e art4 ,?is movem5t did n affect ,italian art4 ,,m$i,,val ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$ival4 ,we h foll[$ ,messrs4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann closely 9 _! acc\nt ( ! decad5ce ( art f ! greate/ days ( ,greek sculpture & pa9t+ to ! end ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod2 b z our object is av[$ly only to deal ) ! be/ art--t :i* is good = all "t--& to see h[ f> t is naturali/ic or o!rwise1 we %all speak b briefly ( 7! ma9 po9ts connect$ )7 m$ival art1 :i* has b little int]e/ = u until we come to ,niccola ,pisano1 & ,giotto4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9iaturi/s4 ,dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( :at are call$ ! ,middle ,ages1 m9iaturi/s 7 evolv+ mon/rosities f _! own inn] consci\sness1 b ) ,*>lemagne1 :o said1 ,sid5ote3 ,*>lemagne4 8,we nei!r de/roy pictures nor pray to !m10 ! /&>d adopt$ 0 aga9 classical antiquity4 ,sid5ote3 ,ivan ! ,t]rible4,s art cont9u\sly decl9$ until x became a slave to ! ,*ur*1 & ! wor/ phase ( ?is slav]y 0 to be se5 9 ! ,ea/1 "u ,ivan ! ,t]rible1 = we read t 8arti/s 7 "u ! /ricte/ tutelage to ! cl]gy1 :o *ose ! subjects to be pa9t$1 prescrib$ ! mann] ( ! treatm5t1 wat*$ ov] ! morality ( ! pa9t]s1 & _h x 9 _! p[] to give & refuse commissions4 ,bi%ops alone c\ld promote a pupil to be a ma/]1 & x 0 _! duty to see t ! "w 0 done accord+ to anci5t models40 ,"h 0 inde$ a pretty /ate ( ?+s1 a pa9t] to be wat*$ by a prie/2 to h 8 subjects select$ = him6 ,"o _c imag9e any?+ m c]ta9 to degrade art4 ,religion has ev] be5 on ! side ( m5tal retrogression1 has ev] be5 ! fir/ & mo/ p]t9aci\s foe to intellectual progress1 b p]haps to no?+ has %e be5 s h>mful z to art1 unless x has be5 to sci5ce4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ?is slav]y1 ! ,*ur* us$ art z a tool1 z a dissem9ator ( h] t5ets1 z a means ( imp>t+ religi\s k4 ,v clev] ( h]1 b v disa/r\s = poor art4 ,sid5ote3 ,glass pa9t+s4 ,h[ conv5tional art 0 dur+ ! ,romanesque p]iod c be se5 9 ! glass pa9t+s t decorate _m ( ! old *ur*es1 to admire :i* cr[ds g to ,italy & wa/e _! %ort "t 9 ! unheal?y int]iors ( *ur*es1 in/ead ( sp5d+ x at ,sorr5to or ,capri4 ,^! g back to _! own c\ntry1 oppress$ ) dim recollections ( blue & r$ dresses1 crude gre5 l&scapes1 & ) p>rot-l talks ( 8subdu$ lights10 8ri* tones mell[$ by "t10 & su* cant4 ,! ,romanesque /yle ( ar*itecture 0 sup]s$$ 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury by ! ,go?ic4 ,sid5ote3 ,go?ic4 ,a trans=mation took place 9 art & ,france n[ took ! lead4 ,! pa9t]s ( ?is p]iod emancipat$ !mselves f ! direction ( ! prie/hood--a great /ep inde$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! guilds4 ,! ma/]s ( ?is age 7 speciali/s2 ! guilds n[ rul$ supreme 9 art matt]s4 ,we read t 8n[ popul> s5tim5t began to ackn[l$ge t ! arti/'s own mode ( conceiv+ a subject _h a c]ta9 claim1 side by side ) tradition & sac]dotal prescription4444 ,!y took _! impressions direct f nature10 b _! insight into nature 0 scanty4 ,z ,messrs4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann v truly rem>k1 8,if = ! purpose ( depict+ human be+s1 ei!r sep>ately or 9 det]m9$ gr\ps & sc5es1 ! arti/ wi%es to develop a language = ! expression ( emotion1 !re is only "o means op5 to him--a clos] grasp & obs]vation ( nature4 ,9 ! age :i* we are n[ approa*+1 ! pa9t]'s k ( nature rema9s b scanty4 ,he does n succe$ 9 fa?om+ & ma/]+ h] aspects2 b 8 eyes are op5 to !m s f> z is dem&$ by ! expressional ph5om5a :i* x is 8 great motive to repres5t2 s9ce x is n yet = _! own sakes1 b only = ! sake ( giv+ expression to a p>ticul> range ( s5tim5ts t he seeks to imitate ! realities ( ! _w40 ,!re 0 a /ruggle at ?is p]iod = ! /udy ( nature1 & ! tyranny ( ! ,*ur* 0 be+ ?r[n (f2 !re 0 !n hope t art w\ld at la/ advance1 & advance x did4 ,:at 0 want+ 0 a deep] insight into nature1 = nature is n a book to be read at a glance1 %e requires con/ant /udy1 & w n reveal all h] beauties )\t mu* woo+4 ,sid5ote3 ,?irte5? c5tury sket*-book4 ,& ?\gh we read ( a sket*-book ( ?is "t1 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 9 :i* appe>s a sket* ( a lion1 :i* 8looks extremely h]aldic10 & to :i* ! arti/ has app5d$ ! rem>k1 8,n4,b4--,drawn f life10 ?is 9 no way surprises u1 = h we n be5 s]i\sly told 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury by ! pa9t]s ( cat*y1 m]etrici\s wat]-col\rs1 ) r$s1 blues & gre5s su* z w\ld delight a *ild1 t !y _h pa9t$ !m f nature2 pictures 9 :i* no two tones 7 correct1 9 :i* detail1 call$ by ! ignorant1 f9i%1 _h be5 pa9fully elaborat$1 :il/ ! broad facts ( nature _h be5 ignor$4 ,su* "w is g5]ally pa9t$ f memory or photographs4 ,happily "w ( ?is k9d w nev] live1 h[ev] mu* ! gullible public may buy x4 ,next we read t 8! g]ms ( realism already exi/+ 9 art by degrees unfold !mselves fur!r1 & arti/s v5ture ^u a clos] grip ( nature40 ,sid5ote3 ,niccola ,pisano4 ,"h1 !n1 7 ! signs ( com+ success1 & ! great effect ( ^! gradual *anges 0 fir/ manife/$ 9 ! "w ( ,niccola ,pisano1 :o 8made a sudd5 & p[]ful return to ! example ( ! antique40 ,all hon\r to ?is man1 :o 0 an epo*-mak]1 :o bas$ 8 conception 8^u a sudd5 & p[]ful return to ! example ( ! antique1 ( ! ,roman relief40 ,8 "w is by no means naturali/ic or p]fect1 b x 0 en\gh = "o man to d su* a h]culean task z to ignore 8 own times & rise sup]ior to !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,cimabue4 ,pa9t+1 h[ev]1 took no su* quick turn1 b ,cimabue 0 ! fir/ ( ^? :o 7 to br+ x into ! "r way4 ,! pr9cipal works ascrib$ to him1 h[ev]1 are n au!nticat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,giotto4 ,ano!r epo*-mak]1 ,giotto1 n[ appe>s4 ,he seems to h be5 a rem>kable man 9 himself1 :i* h[ev] h>dly conc]ns u4 ,! hi/orian ( 8 works says1 8,! bodies /ill %[ a want ( indep5d5t /udy ( nature2 ! proportions ( ! sev]al memb]s 7z we "k by ! h&book ( ,cemi5o h]eaft] to be m5tion$7 7 regulat$ by a fix$ sy/em ( measurem5t20 aga91 8,! draw+ is /ill on ! :ole conv5tional1 & ! modell+ n c>ri$ f>40 ,8 trees & animals are l toys4 ,yet we read t 8_! naturalism is ! v po9t :i* ! contempor>ies ( ,giotto extol 9 8 creations10 b1 z ,woltmann & ,wo]mann say1 ?is mu/ be accept$ accord+ to ! notion ent]ta9$ ( :at nature 01 & we are by ?is means able to see h[ crude ! notions ( nature c become 9 educat$ m5 :5 !y neglect ! /udy ( x4 ,b f all ?is evid5ce we ga!r t ,giotto's intellect 0 great1 & t 8 /rides t[>ds ! tru?ful sugge/+ ( nature 7 enorm\s4 ,8 attempts too at expression are wond]ful = 8 age1 see 8 8,pres5tations10 ! figures are almo/ natural not)/&+ _! crude draw+2 he got "s ( ! *>m & life ( ! *ildr5 ar\nd him4 ,we read t 9 "s ( 8 pictures1 he took 8 models direct f nature1 z also did ,dante 9 8 poetry1 b l ,dante he attempt$ at times ! doctr9al 9 8 pictures1 z 9 ! 8,m>riage ( ,/4 ,francis & ,pov]ty10 he tri$ 9 fact :at _m mod]ns are /ill try+ to d1 & daily fail to d1 namely1 to tea* by means ( _! pictures--a fatal error4 ,doctr9al subjects are unsuitable = pictorial art1 & w nev] live4 ,:o c>es n[ = ,giotto's 8,m>riage ( ,/4 ,francis & ,pov]ty08 b :o w\ld n c>e = a l&scape or figure subject tak5 by ,giotto f ! life & l&scape ( 8 own times8--x w\ld be priceless4 ,ow+ to circum/ances1 we he> t he _h to put 8mu* ( 8 art at ! s]vice ( ! ,franciscans10 & ?\gh n a slave to !m1 yet we read ?is disgu/$ him ) ! monki% temp]4 ,9 #accg ,giotto di$1 b he _h done mu*4 ,)\t ,kepl] !re might h be5 no ,newton1 s )\t ,giotto !re might h be5 no ,velasquez4 ,sid5ote3 ,! guilds4 ,arti/s at ?is "t belong$ to "o ( ! sev5 high] ( ! tw5ty-"o guilds into :i* ,flor5t9e craftsm5 7 divid$1 namely1 t ( ! surgeons & apo!c>ies 7m$ici & speziali74 ,"h art & sci5ce 7 enroll$ 9 ! same guild1 & s 7 connect$1 z !y always w be1 = ! /udy ( nature is at ! f\ndation ( bo?1 ! v fir/ pr9ciple ( bo?4 ,toge!r !y h be5 enslav$1 p]secut$1 & _! progress hamp]$2 toge!r !y h endur$2 & n[ to-day toge!r !y /& out glori\s 9 _! a*ievem5ts1 free to /udy1 free to d4 ,! "o is l5d+ a h& to ! o!r1 & ! o!r returns ! help ) graceful affection4 ,sup]/ition1 prie/craft1 tyranny1 all _! old p]secutors are daily los+ p[]1 & w f9ally p]i%1 z d all falsehoods4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y4 ,we ?us leave ! art ( ! ,middle ,ages1 z we left ! catacombs1 ) a wi% nev] to see any m ( x4 ,"o feels ! deepe/ sympa?y = great intellects l ,giotto1 & 8 greate/ foll[]s1 ^: lots 7 ca/ 9 times ( d>kness1 & we _c b respect su* z /ruggl$ ) ?is d>kness1 & f\ght to ga9 ! road to nature's f\nta9s ( tru? & beauty4 ,b at ! same "t1 ?\gh we may 9 ^! pictures see a graceful pose "h1 a good expression !re1 or a beautiful & true bit ( col\r or quality else:]e1 yet we _c get away f ! subject-matt] ( _m ( ! pictures1 :i*1 allegorical & doctr9al z !y are1 d n lie )9 ! scope ( art1 & above all "o _c 9 any way get rid ( ! false s5tim5t & untru?fulness ( ! :ole "w4 ,su* works w always be int]e/+ to ! hi/orian & to ! philosoph]1 b beyond t1 to u !y are valueless1 & we w\ld f> r possess a draw+ by ,millet ?an a ma/]piece by ,giotto4 ,:5 abroad1 & be+ actually p]suad$ ( _! great littl5ess1 we h be5 mov$ ) pity = ! victims we h met1 victims ( ! p$ant & ! guide-book1 :o are l$ by ! nose1 & /& gap+ be=e middle-age mon/rosities1 :il/ "s incompet5t pret5d] p\rs into _! e>s endless cant ( grace1 spirituality1 lu/r\s col\r+1 melliflu\s l9e1 idealism1 et id g5us omne1 until1 bewild]$ & sick at he>t1 !y return home to retail _! lesson dilut$1 & to swell ! numb] ( ^? :o pay homage at ! %r9e ( p$antry & my/icism4 ,_h ^! travell]s sp5t _! %ort & valuable "t 9 ! fields ( ,italy1 !y w\ld h 8le>nt m art10 :atev] !y may mean by t t]m ( !irs1 ?an !y ev] did 9 ! b\rgeois ,campo ,santo or d>k int]ior ( ,santa ,croce or ,santa ,m>ia ,novella4 ,alas6 t ! pa9t]s ( ! ,middle ,ages 7 unable to pa9t well4 ,_h !y be5 able to pa9t1 z c "s ( ! mod]ns1 & _h !y pa9t$ tru?fully ! life & l&scape ar\nd !m1 !re is no di/ance "s ( u w\ld n g to see a gall]y ( _! works3 works %[+ m5 & wom5 z !y 71 & z !y liv$1 & 9 _! own surr\nd+s4 ,!re at once w\ld h be5 ! pictures1 ! hi/ory1 & ! idyllic poetry ( a bygone age2 & :at h we n[ 9 _! place8 ,dilut$ types ( repulsive asceticism1 s5tim5tal types ( ignorance & cr$ulity1 pictures hide\s & untrue & pa9ful to gaze ^u1 lies & libels on our beautiful _w1 & on our own race4 ,& :om h we to ?ank = ?is8 ,religion--! s-call$ enc\rag] ( tru?1 *>ity1 & all t is beautiful & good4 ,,ea/]n ,,art4 ,be=e beg9n+ ! r5asc5ce we mu/ glance ?r\gh ,mohamm$an1 ,*9ese1 & ,japanese art4 ,sid5ote3 ,mohamm$an ,art4 ,) ,mohamm$an art we h little to d1 z x 0 entirely decorative4 ,x is se5 at its be/ 9 ! ,alhambra1 & 0 n ! outcome ( any /udy ( nature4 ,! ,arabian m9d seems to h be5 unable to rise beyond a conv5tional geometrical picture-writ+4 ,su* m9ds are se5 to-day 9 all c\ntries among/ ! undevelop$4 ,q rec5tly we h se5 "s ( ! be/ mod]n negro "w f ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,africa2 !re too 0 ! love ( geometrical ornam5tation z /rong z 9 ! ,arabian art4 ,sid5ote3 ,art among/ ! ,phili/9es4 ,we repeat1 ?is arti/ically-speak+ l[ /&>d ( developm5t is (t5 se5 among ! p ( to-day1 & ?\gh highly educat$ 9 all else1 9 art !y are un$ucat$1 9 %ort !y are survivals2 & ! mis*ief is1 t !y judge pictures by _! survival decorative /&>d2 !y look = bright col\rs plac$ 9 ,p]sian-rug juxtaposition1 & talk ( 8glori\s col\r+40 ,x nev] seems to occur to !m :at art really is1 & :at ! arti/ has tri$ to express1 & h[ well he has express$ x2 & !y nev] ref] _! 8glori\s col\r+0 to ! infallible /&>d--nature2 b seem to imag9e !re are ab/ract /&>ds ( col\r & =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat]-col\rs4 8,glori\s col\r+s0 are (t5] ?an n m]etrici\s lies dress$ out 9 gaudie/1 vulg>e/ app>el1 & :5 comp>$ ) nature ^! 8col\r+s0 w be f\nd v]itable /rumpets4 ,look c>efully at _m ( ! mu*-vaunt$ wat]-col\rs1 & !n c>efully /udy ! same sc5e 9 nature1 & if _m ( ^? wat]-col\rs please y aft]w>ds--well1 9 matt]s arti/ic1 y h ! ta/e ( a frugivor\s ape4 ,b apply ?is te/ to ! wat]-col\rs ( ,israels or ,mauve1 & y w see !y int]pret nature4 ,b !y h pa9t$ *iefly 9 oils1 & wisely s1 z !re is m to be express$ by oil-pa9t+1 & we "k ( few1 if any1 great m5 :o conf9e !mselves to wat]-col\r z a m$ium4 ,b x s]ves ! turn ( a ho/ ( m5--pa9t]s1 b n arti/s1 :o1 ) _! pretty pa9ts1 make pot-boil]s1 ( :i* ! =m & idea are (t5 /ol5--/ol51 p]haps1 f a photograph4 ,d su* ev] /udy nature8 ,no4 ,!y sit at home1 & co9 vulg> c\nt]feits ) no m ( nature 9 !m ?an ! p]petrators h ( hone/y4 ,x is "t t x 0 cle>ly & di/9ctly und]/ood t ! man :o copies a photograph is z despicable z ! man :o copies a pa9t+1 & x is v c]ta9 nei!r w ev] be respect$ by 8 contempor>ies1 or rememb]$ by 8 successors4 ,yet ! 8*eap0 "w ( ^! m5 sells well1 & ! gull$ public talk glibly ov] !m ( 8/r5g?0 & 8tone0 & 8col\r+10 & :at n4 ,nature is s subtle & a/oni%+ 9 h] facts t b few ev5 ( ^? :o d pa9t directly f h] c come any:]e ne> h]1 :]eas1 ^? :o d n /udy h] at all1 :o d n pa9t coram ipse1 fake & fake1 & by fak+ !y lie1 & set ! example to o!rs to lie1 &1 if n f\ght aga9/1 ?is sort ( ?+ w\ld spe$ily take u back to ! art ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :5 we %\ld be "u ! tyranny ( ,crsus1 in/ead ( ,cl]icus4 ,sid5ote3 ,picture-buy]s4 ,x is1 !n1 ! absolute duty ( e picture-buy]1 :o has any reg>d = tru?1 & any int]e/ 9 ! future ( art1 to le>n to /udy nature c>efully1 & to buy only t :i* is true & s9c]e1 & let ! p9k & :ite s*ool ( di%one/y die ( inanition4 ,9 %ort1 x is high "t t educat$ p ceas$ to judge pa9t+ z !y (t5 d1 by ! /&>d ( col\r$ rugs4 ,?is talk ( 8col\r0 is "o ( ! /umbl+-blocks ( ! weak-kne$ 9 art4 ,col\r is good s long z x is true1 & no long]4 ,a ,p]sian rug1 or ,turkey c>pet1 is n ! /&>d ( col\r :]eby to judge pictures1 & only ^? 9 ! m5tal /ate ( ! frugivor\s ape or ! ,arab craftsm5 c ?9k s4 ,,*9ese ,,& ,,japanese ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,9 ,*9a & ,japan ?+s 7 v diff]5t4 ,foll[+ ,mr4 ,&]son's invaluable "w1 ! 8,pictorial ,arts ( ,japan10 we f9d t _! hi/ory ( pictorial art beg9s ab\t ,a4,d4 #deg4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ p]iod4 ,mr4 ,&]son ?9ks1 h[ev]1 t art 0 only actually plant$ 9 ,japan ) ! introduction ( ,buddhism 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,buddhism4 ,!n x beg9s badly1 = x 0 "u ! influ5ce ( religion1 & 9 fact we read t ! e>lie/ art consi/$ ( ,buddhi/ images & mural decorations4 ,?is religi\s influ5ce1 toge!r ) a s]vile imitation ( ! ,*9ese ma/]s1 s enslav$ art1 t no developm5t ( importance took place till ! end ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,! 8,ni 40 ,look+ at ! plate ( ! 8,ni 10--a wood5 /atue--consid]$ ! greate/ "w ( ! "t1 we c see ! arti/ _h really /ruggl$ to int]pret nature1 & no d\bt /udies 7 made f ! nude1 = ! "w on ! anatomy c\ld n o!rwise h be5 s well express$2 b1 good z x is1 x runs 9 ! ,mi*ael ,angelo _s1 is exagg]at$1 & lacks entirely all ! greatness ( ! ,greek sculpture4 ,?is "w--! greate/ ( :at ,mr4 ,&]son has call$ ! fir/ p]iod--%[s t !re _h be5 a /ruggle t[>ds ! expression ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,second p]iod4 ,! second p]iod1 we le>n1 ends ) ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & is p>allel1 !re=e1 ) ! ,european m$ival p]iod4 ,on comp>+ plates ( ! ,japanese "w ) t ( ! same p]iod 9 ,europe1 we are =c$ to give ! palm to ! ,japanese arti/s1 !y 71 9 fact1 va/ly sup]ior4 ,9 look+ at ! plate ( 8,! ,dea? ( ,kos ,no ,hirotaka0 we _c b feel !re 0 mu* m respect = nature 9 ,japan ?an !re 0 9 ,europe at t "t1 not)/&+ ! fact t ,buddhism bore ! same relation to art 9 ,japan z ,*ri/ianity did 9 ,europe4 ,sid5ote3 ,nobuzan4 ,we read also t 9 ! twelf? c5tury !re 0 "o1 ,nobuzan1 :o _h a brilliant reputation = 8portraits & o!r /udies f ,nature40 ,! specim5 ( ,nobuzan's "w is admirable 9 expression1 he has caught ! liv+ expression ( 8 model1 b ! re/ is conv5tional4 ,sid5ote3 ,*9ese r5asc5ce4 ,we are told t ! ,*9ese r5asc5ce began ab\t #abge1 & t ! pa9t]s ( ?is movem5t 7 naturali/ic1 8,ink sket*es ( birds & bamboos1 portraits & l&scapes 7 ! subjects *os510 & ?\gh ^! 7 only a k9d ( picture-writ+1 yet ! movem5t l$ ! arti/s m & m to /udy nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ird p]iod4 ,com+ n[ to ,mr4 ,&]son's ?ird p]iod1 f ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5?1,sid5ote3 ,mei*4 we f9d t ,mei* seems to h be5 to ,japanese art :at ,giotto 0 to ,european art1 & at ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,we read fur!r on t 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! reviv$ ,*9ese movem5t ref]r$ to made its influ5ce felt 9 ,japan4 ,sid5ote3 ,%ibun4 ,an example giv5 by ,mr4 ,&]son ( ,%ibun's idealiz$ l&scape pa9t+1 :ile f> f satisfactory or ev5 pleas+1 is1 we v5ture to ?9k1 sup]ior to ! "w ( ,giotto4 ,!re9 is %[n "s p[]1 & !re is n ! *ildi%ness :i* is visible 9 ,giotto's "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,soga ,jasoku4 ,mu* m naturali/ic1 p[]ful1 & pleas+ are ! works ( ,soga ,jasoku1 fifte5?-c5tury ,*9ese s*ool4 ,^! l&scapes %[ ! arti/ _h a feel+ = nature1 & al?\gh he attempt$ 9 ! upp] plate 7,plate #af7 :at we consid] to be beyond ! scope ( art1 yet 9 ! l[] ! ma/]-h& %[s itself4 ,!re is atmosph]e 9 ! picture4 ,close obs]vation ( nature result$ 9 a grasp ( subtle/ movem5t & expression4 ,sid5ote3 ,soga ,*okuan4 ,witness ! 8,falcon & ,egret0 by ,soga ,*okuan 7sixte5? c5tury71 :]e ! p[] %[n 9 depict+ ! grasp ( ! falcon's talon z x m]cilessly cru%es ! helpless egret1 is v great4 ,!n look at ! pa9t+s ( birds 9 any ( our books1 & see h[ wood51 h[ lifeless !y are1 comp>$ ) ev5 ! sixte5?-c5tury ,japanese repres5tations ( bird life4 ,sid5ote3 ,ses%i4 ,ses%i1 we are told1 0 ano!r great pa9t]1 & ! f\nd] ( a s*ool 7#adbj-aeji74 ,?is great man1 we are told1 8did n foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ! anci5ts1 b develop$ a /yle peculi> to himself4 ,8 p[] 0 greate/ 9 l&scape1 aft] :i* he excell$ mo/ 9 figures1 !n 9 fl[]s & birds10 & lat] on1 we are told1 9 animals4 ,he pref]r$ work+ 9 mono*rome1 & x is said ass]t$ 8! sc5]y ( nature 0 8 f9al tea*]40 ,sid5ote3 ,kano s*ool4 ,!n came ! ,kano ,s*ool1 all ( ^: arti/s evid5tly /ruggl$ = ,naturalism1 & _h great p[] ( expression ( movem5t b n ( =m4 ,! lead]1 we are told1 0 an eclectic1 & pa9t$ ,*9ese l&scapes 9 ,japan1 s t he mu/ h neglect$ nature1 & 8 works belong to ! s-call$ imag9ative or unnatural s*ool4 ,! be/ m5 ( ?is p]iod 7 decid$ly impressioni/s1 & _! *ief aim seems to h be5 to give ! impression ( ! sc5e & neglect ! details1 & x is p]fectly m>vell\s h[ well !y succe$$ 9 depict+ movem5t by a v few l9es4 ,! 8,ra9 ,sc5e0 by ,kano ,tanyu is a f9e example ( ?is4 ,we read t ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies 7 p]iods ( decad5ce2 we conclude !re=e t 9 ,japan art rea*$ its highe/ /ate dur+ ! second p]iod1 "u ,%ibun1 ,soga ,jasoku1 ,ses%i & ,tanyu1 :o 7 all /ud5ts ( nature1 & sev]al ( :om w\ld h be5 call$ impressioni/s _h !y pa9t$ 9 ^! days4 ,sid5ote3 ,matahei4 ,we are told t ,matahei tri$ to f\nd a naturali/ic s*ool1 ^: foll[]s %\ld g direct to nature = _! subjects1 b ! movem5t did n receive any he>ty impulse4 ,h[ev] x 0 tak5 up aft]w>ds by a s]ies ( book-illu/rators4 ,sid5ote3 ,kr94 ,next we read ( ,kr9 ^: 8works demon/rate rem>kable boldness ( inv5tion1 associat$ ) great delicacy ( col\r+1 & (t5 444 ma/]ly draw+ & composition40 ,x is q m>vell\s to see ! "w ( ?is sev5te5?-c5tury arti/4 ,w9d+ up 8 acc\nt ( ! ?ird p]iod1 ,mr4 ,&]son says1 8,b ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 all[$ to pass )\t a /ruggle on ! "p ( ! old] s*ools to elevate ! /&>d ( _! art1 & pa9t+ 0 beg9n+ to langui% into inanition :5 ! revolution>y doctr9es ( a naturali/ic s*ool & ( a few artisan book-illu/rators br\ght new aims & new work]s to inaugurate ! la/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic p]iod ( ,japanese art40 ,sid5ote3 ,f\r? p]iod4 ,mr4 ,&]son says1 8,! f\r? & la/ era began ab\t ?irty ye>s be=e ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 ) ! rise ( ! ,sid5ote3 ,%ijo s*ool4,%ijo naturali/ic s*ool ( pa9t+ 9 ,kioto1 & a wid] developm5t ( ! artisan popul> s*ool 9 ,y$o & ,osaka1 two /eps :i* conf]r$ ^u ,japanese art ! /ronge/ ( ^? national *>act]i/ics t h n[ complet$ its sep>ation f ! p>5t art ( ,amia40 ,he goes on to say 8t ! /udy ( nature 0 admitt$ to be ! be/ means ( a*iev+ ! highe/ result 9 art by ! old] pa9t]s ( ,*9a & ,japan1 b !y limit$ its int]pretation40 ,sid5ote3 kio4 ,we are told t ,m>uyama kio 0 ! fir/ pa9t] :o s]i\sly endeav\r$ to e/abli% naturali/ic art 7#agcc-agie74 ,he prea*$ radical ideas 9 art at ,kioto1 ! c5tre ( ,japanese cons]vatism1 & ga!r$ a s*ool ar\nd him4 ,9 summ+ up ?is s*ool1 ,mr4 ,&]son rem>ks1 8,! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! ,%ijo s*ool are a graceful fl[+ outl9e1 fre$ f ! arbitr>y mann]isms ( t\* indulg$ 9 by _m ( ! old] ma/]s2 comp>ative1 sometimes almo/ absolute1 correctness 9 ! int]pretation ( ! =ms ( animal life2 & la/ly1 a light col\r+1 sugge/ive ( ! prevail+ tones ( ! objects depict$1 & full ( delicate h>monies & gradations40 ,_! naturali/ic pr9ciples d n1 h[ev]1 seem to h fully develop$1 & _! works %[ ignorance ( ! sci5tific facts ( nature1 except1 p]haps1 9 ! pa9t+ ( plants1 birds1 & animals4 ,yet ! "w has a v]ve :i* r5d]s x v fasc9at+4 ,sid5ote3 ,hokusai4 ,"o great man1 ,hokusai1 appe>s z ! la/ ( ! race purely ,japanese & un9flu5c$ by ,european ideas1 z all ! ,japanese arti/s are n[4 ,s we f9d t ?r\gh v>i\s phases ! ,japanese develop$ to impressioni/ic l&scape-pa9t+1 & no d\bt :5 !y h got m sci5tific k1 !y w make = !mselves1 by _! wond]ful orig9ality & pati5ce1 a position 9 art :i* w surpass all _! pa/ ef=ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,japanese art at ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,s9ce writ+ ?is section1 a collection ( ,japanese & ,*9ese art has be5 op5$ at ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* ! /ud5t mu/ by all means /udy1 = !re he w see works ( mo/ ( ! ma/]s cit$ 9 ^! notes4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,japanese ,commission4 ,9 connection ) ?is subject our read]s may h se5 ! v int]e/+ report on ,art by ! ,japanese ,commission t visit$ ! gall]ies & s*ools ( ,europe2 :]e9 ! conclusion ( ! commission on ! be/ ,european art is v int]e/+1--,millet be+ ! greate/ pa9t] to _! m9d4 ,!y ?9k1 too1 t ,japan w soon be able to %[ ! _w some?+ bett] ?an any?+ yet accompli%$1 :i* we v mu* d\bt4 ,sid5ote3 ,japanese art4 ,we feel1 h[ev]1 t wond]ful z ,japanese art has be51 yet !re is a great gulf betwe5 x & ! be/ ,greek & mod]n art4 ,to u ,japanese art is ! product ( a semi-civiliz$ race1 a race 9 :i* !re is /rong sympa?y ) nature1 b a v sup]ficial acqua9tance ) h] m>vell\s work+s4 ,9 %ort1 we feel ! ,japanese ne$ a deep] & m sci5tific k ( nature1 & t _! "w falls f> %ort ( ! be/ ,european "w4 ,at ! pres5t day !re is a craze = any?+ ,japanese1 b l all crazes x w end 9 br++ ridicule ^u ,japanese "w2 = _! "w1 ?\gh f9e = an unciviliz$ nation1 is absurd 9 _m po9ts1 & ?is /upid craze by indiscrim9ate praise w only kill ! qualities to be really admir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,*9ese art4 ,! e>lie/ au!ntic records ( ,*9ese pa9t+ date ab\t ,a4,d4 #bea4 ,! e>lie/ pa9t]s 7 pa9t]s ( ,buddhi/ pictures4 ,sid5ote3 ,wu-,tao-,tsz'4 ,mr4 ,&]son m5tions z "o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ! e>ly ma/]s1 "o ,wu-,tao-,tsz'1 ^: animals 7 rem>kable4 ,he ?9ks t ! art ( ,*9a ( to-day is feeble comp>$ ) t :i* fl\ri%$ #aajj ye>s ago4 ,we are in=m$ too t ! 8arti/ic appreciation ( natural sc5]y exi/$ 9 ,*9a _m c5turies be=e l&scapes play$ a high] "p 9 ! ,european picture ?an t ( an accessory10 & judg+ f ! specim5s he gives 9 8 book ( ! "w ( ! ,sung ,dyna/y 7#ifj-abgi ,a4,d471 ! ,*9ese arti/s _h a great feel+ = l&scape4 ,we are told t ! pa9t]s ( ! ?irte5? c5tury 8/udi$ nature f ! aspect ( ! impressioni/10 & _! subjects 7 all tak5 f nature1 l&scape especially delight+ !m4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury we read 8decad5ce began by _! neglect ( nature & _! cultivation ( decorative col\r+1 calligraphic dext]ity1 & a comp5sat+ disreg>d = naturali/ic canons40 ,we are told1 & c readily believe x1 t 9 pa9t+ ( bird life !y 7 unequall$ save by ! ,japanese1 & t d[n to #abgi ! ,*9ese 7 at ! head ( ! _w 9 pa9t+1 & _! only rivals 7 _! pupils1 ! ,japanese4 ,korean art seems also to h deg5]at$ s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,?us we ev] f9d ! same old /ory4 ,*9a1 :5 %e pa9t$ f nature1 0 unequall$ by any nation 9 ! _w2 :5 %e neglect$ nature1 z %e does n[1 %e fell to ! l[e/ rank4 ,,! ,,r5asc5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,r5asc5ce4 ,?is is a p]iod ( a return to ! /udy ( nature1 ( a c>ry+ out ( ! feel+s :i* seem$ to be develop+ ev5 9 ,giotto's "t4 ,no long] n[ 0 ! arti/ to be sep>at$ f nature by ! int]v5tion ( ! ,*ur*1 & ?\gh natural sci5ce 0 n advanc+ z fa/ z art 01 /ill a gr[+ reg>d = nature 0 ! ord] ( ! day4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,van ,eycks4 ,?is feel+ fir/ %[$ itself /rongly 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ) ! bro!rs ,van ,eyck4 ,we are told t ! ,van ,eycks 8mix$ ! col\rs ) ! m$ium on ! palette & work$ !m toge!r on ! picture itself1 ?us obta9+ m brilliant effects ( light z well z m delicate gradations ( tone1 ) an inf9itely ne>] approa* to ! tru? ( nature40 ,! ,van ,eycks reg>d$ nature lov+ly1 & tri$ tru?fully to repres5t h]1 & ?\gh _m ( _! works 7 ( sacr$ subjects1 yet !y 7 evid5tly /udi$ f nature ) lov+ consci5ti\sness2 & s successful 7 !y t to ?is day ! picture by "o ( ! bro!rs 7a portrait ( a m]*ant & 8 wife71 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 rema9s almo/ unsurpass$4 ,sid5ote3 ,portrait ( a m]*ant & 8 wife4 ,x is well wor? a j\rney to ! ,national ,gall]y on purpose to see x1 & we tru/ all ^? :o d n already "k ! picture w take ! tr\ble to g & /udy x well4 ,x is wond]ful 9 te*nical p]fection1 9 s5tim5t1 9 tru?fulness ( impression4 ,note ! reflection ( ! orange 9 ! mirror1 ) :at skill x is pa9t$4 ,9 fact ! :ole is full ( life & beauty1--! beauty ( naturalism4 ,x is a ma/]-piece good = all "t1 & yet x is b ! portrait ( a m]*ant & 8 wife4 ,no religi\s subject "h inspir$ ,john ,van ,eyck1 b a m]e m]*ant family1 yet 9 _m ways ! picture rema9s1 & w rema91 unsurpass$4 ,su* p[]ful m9ds z ! bro!rs ,van ,eyck ( c\rse influ5c$ all art1 & !y _h _m foll[]s2 b x does n seem t ^! foll[]s _h ! insight into nature t *>act]iz$ ! ,van ,eycks1 & ! "w falls (f aft] ! dea? ( ! bro!rs1 ^: names repres5t1 & ably repres5t1 all t 0 be/ ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,qu9t5 ,massys4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ,qu9t5 ,massys 0 ! greate/ & mo/ naturali/ic pa9t]4 ,he 0 said to be ! 8orig9ator ( a peculi> class ( g5re pictures1 be+ 9 fact life-l /udies f ! citiz5 life ( ,antw]p40 ,"h 0 an hon\rable dep>ture f conv5tionality4 ,8 foll[]s1 h[ev]1 hav+ no m9d to see h[ he 0 s great1 7 l$ away f ! /udy ( nature1 & :]e are !y n[8 ,_! names we all "k1 b :o c>es to see _! works8 ,massys1 ! greate/ pa9t] ( ?is p]iod 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 0 cont5t to take 8 subjects f ! life ( 8 own times1 z all great m5 h be51 f ! ,egyptians d[nw>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,g]many4 ,turn+ n[ to ,g]many1 we %all see :at ! be/ m5 !re ?\ght ( naturalism4 ,! movem5t t[>ds ! /udy ( nature seems to h begun 9 ! me?ods ( engrav+ z practis$ by ! goldsmi?s1 :o 7 tra9$ arti/s4 ,! e>lie/ plates we f9d are ( subjects illu/rat+ ! life ( ! times1 a hopeful augury = ,g]many1 :i* 0 fulfill$ by ! "w ( ! ma/]1 ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,sid5ote3 ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,we are told he _h 8unlimit$ rev]5ce = nature1 :i* made him "o ( ! mo/ reali/ic pa9t]s t h ev] exi/$40 ,:at /rikes u mo/ aft] an exam9ation ( 8 plates at ! ,briti% ,museum1 is ! wond]ful /r5g? & direction ) :i* ! man tells 8 tale4 ,8 engrav+s are1 ( c\rse1 )\t tone1 & :5 he does natural l&scapes1 z 0 (t5 ! case1 ?is lack ( tone is a s]i\s fault2 b = draughtsman%ip he is m>vell\s1 & x is ) joy we le>n t su* a ma/] said1 8,art is hidd5 9 nature1 ^? :o c>e h only to te> x =?40 ,e "o int]e/$ 9 art1 & :o is n already well acqua9t$ ) ,dur]'s "w1 %\ld make a po9t ( go+ to ! ,pr9t ,room 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & /udy+ c>efully all examples ( 8 "w4 ,!y w1 p]haps1 at ! same "t1 notice :at /ruck u1 namely1 t "o ( ! be/ draughtsm5 on ,pun*'s /aff has evid5tly be5 a great admir] ( ,dur]4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann1 speak+ ( ,dur]'s l&scapes illu/rative ( 8 travels s\? ( ! ,alps1 say t 8he reveals himself z "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! mod]n s*ool ( l&scape pa9t+40 ,8 8,mill0 is rem>kable4 ,8 et*+s are mo/ly ( famili> subjects ( e-day life4 ,! great dang] ( a man l ,dur] is ! bad effect ( 8 influ5ce 9 lat] times1 = inf]ior m5 imitate 8 faults & n 8 m]it1 z is always ! case ) imitators1 & !y =get t ?\gh ,dur] 0 a g5ius1 yet did he live today he w\ld probably "w v diff]5tly & int]pret diff]5t subjects4 ,an arti/'s "t & environm5t mu/ always be reckon$ )4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution 9 art4 ,!re are s _m p :o _c und]/& ! pr9ciple ( developm5t 9 art1 & _c di/+ui%1 & appreciate1 & value arti/s accord+ to _! p]iods1 & z /eps 9 developm5t1 b are n[-a-days l$ by !m1 hold+ !m up z models = mod]n pa9t]s1 :]eas !y are b ! undevelop$ ef=ts ( e>li] times4 ,!re are numb]s ( "y m5 :o pa9t bett] ?an ,dur] ev] did1 b :o lack ,dur]'s g5ius2 j z an und]graduate may "k m sci5ce ?an ,galileo1 or m ma!matics ?an ,newton1 b yet be incomp>ably less great ?an ei!r ,galileo or ,newton4 ,a "w ( art1 h[ev]1 is only valuable = its intr9sic m]its1 & mu* z we feel ! value ( ,dur]1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 & o!rs 9 _! own "t1 = _m ( _! works z works ( art1 qu art1 we c>e b little n[1 b z hi/orical docum5ts !y are priceless4 ,x may be ask$ h[ ,dur]1 ! ,van ,eycks1 & o!rs c be call$ 8naturali/s10 :5 !y pa9t$ s _m religi\s pictures4 ,( c\rse ! "o explanation ( ?is is t !y pa9t$ consci5ti\sly f liv+ models & natural l&scapes1 & n f :at is call$ _! 8imag9ation40 ,! influ5ce ( ! times on ^! pa9t]s c\ld n b be trem5d\s1 b if a man mu/ p]=ce pa9t an 8imag9ative0 picture1 its arti/ic value mu/ always be 9 proportion to ! tru? ( ! picture2 &1 !re=e1 :at is good 9 ! picture is ! naturalism ( x4 ,all ! re/ seems to our m9d--= h[ c\ld ,dur] or any "o else pa9t ! ,virg9 ,m>y8--un9t]e/+4 ,= ,dur] & ! m5 ( 8 day !re 01 ( c\rse1 e excuse1 b to-day !re is none2 & if pa9t]s w p]si/ 9 pa9t+--f _! imag9ation--woolly l&scapes1 peopl$ by impossible m51 wom51 & animals1 !y w pay ! p5alty ( su* vivid imag9ation--by quick & well-m]it$ consignm5t to oblivion4 ,! public call su* m5 le>n$4 ,le>n$1 =soo?6 :5 ,lemprire or ! poets h suppli$ ! idea4 8,!re is some?+ great beh9d a picture10 is ano!r fav\rite expression2 well1 s !re is beh9d _m an impo/or's "w1 b t greatness belongs to ano!r man4 ,an arti/ looks at ! art ( ! picture1 a s5tim5tali/ at ! subject alone2 to him a badly-pa9t$ subject may br+ te>s to ! eyes1 to an arti/ ! same subject w probably br+ a laugh4 ,:at is ! s5se ( copy+ our pr$ecessors8 ,& ev5 z copyi/s1 ^! pa9t]s ( 8imag9ative0 works fall immeasurably bel[ _! models4 ,botticelli t[]s yet l a giant ov] ,blake & ,rossetti1 yet we "k he 0 v f> f p]fect4 ,sid5ote3 ,hans ,holbe94 ,! next great ,g]man 0 ,hans ,holbe9 ! y\ng]4 ,he _h advantages ov] ,dur]1 = he 0 born :5 ! feel+ = nature 0 /rong1 & ?us />t$ ) a cle> m9d1 & arriv$ at a*ievem5ts nev] yet surpass$4 ,hans ,holbe9 /&s out z a ma/] = all "t4 ,8 portraits are wond]ful4 ,he1 aga91 ?rew all 8 en]gy into ! /udy ( nature1 & 8 works are *iefly repres5tative ( ! life ( 8 own times1 portraits ( m]*ants & fell[-citiz5s4 ,!re is ! full-l5g? portrait ( a g5tleman 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ^: "n has n come d[n to u2 yet is ! int]e/ less great = t8 ,! dead ,*ri/ at ,basle too is wond]ful1 z e "o 7) good obs]vation1 be x always said7 :o has se5 a nak$ dead body1 w affirm1 b ! anatomy ( ! skeleton 9 ,holbe9's 8,dance ( ,dea?0 w\ld make a fir/ ye>'s m$ical /ud5t laugh4 ,x mu/ h be5 drawn f ! imag9ation4 ,mu* ( ,holbe9's be/ "w 0 done 9 ,london1 & is at pres5t 9 ,engl&1 & we _c leave ?is "p ( ! subject )\t begg+ our read]s to take e opportunity ( see+ ! "w ( ?is wond]ful ma/]1 opportunities :i*1 alas6 w be r>e en\gh1 :o 0 a naturali/ic pa9t] ( ! fir/ quality4 ,sid5ote3 ,swiss art4 ,turn+ to ,switz]l&1 we f9d no "n wor? m5tion+2 & "h we w\ld ask ^? :o trace ! effects ( sublime m\nta9 sc5]y on ! "* ( m51 :y !re has be5 no ,swiss art wor? m5tion+8 ,( c\rse ! explanation is simple--because art has no?+ :atev] to d ) sublime sc5]y4 ,! be/ art has always be5 done ) ! simple/ mat]ial4 ,9 ,spa9 & ,portugal at ?is "t 0 be+ felt ! influ5ce ( ! naturalism ( ! ,van ,eycks4 ,9 ,france ! ,fonta9ebleau ,s*ool 0 /ruggl+ t[>ds nature1 b no g5ius arose4 ,sid5ote3 ,da ,v9ci4 ,b 9 ,italy !re arose a giant1 ,leon>do ,da ,v9ci4 ,nev] has !re be5 su* an in/ance ( ! comb9ation ( sci5tific k & arti/ic capacity 9 "o man4 ,9 ! ,l\vre is 8 be/ "w1 ! portrait ( ,monna ,lisa1 a ma/]-piece1 b 9 our op9ion a ma/]-piece eclips$ by o!r ma/]-pieces4 ,( ?is great man we are told t 8he con/antly _h rec\rse to ! direct lessons ( nature1 say+ t su* tea*+ at second h& made ! arti/1 n ! *ild1 b ! gr&*ild ( nature60 ,aga9 we read t 8,leon>do 0 :olly 9 love ) nature1 & to "k h] ?r\gh sci5ce & to mirror h] by art 7 ! aims & end ( 8 life40 ,sid5ote3 ,m4 ,angelo4 ,mi*ael ,angelo is ! next great "n we come to4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann say t 8! mightie/ arti/ s\l t has liv$ & work$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/ian ages is ,mi*ael ,angelo ,buon>roti40 ,n[ ?is is a lit]>y dogma to :i* we are totally oppos$1 & s we are to all ! p$antic criticism :i* foll[s1 ab\t 8/rong & l(ty subjectivity10 8purifi$ ideal10 & :at n4 ,x is su* writ+ z ?is t misleads p4 ,let ,mi*ael ,angelo be comp>$ ) ! /&>d--nature--by any /ud5t ( nature1 & ,mi*ael ,angelo w fall imm$iately4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann tell u1 8he /udi$ man alone1 & = 8 own sake10 ! /ructure be+ to him ev]y?+4 ,?is is :at we always felt to be ! fault ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 i4e4 t he 0 r an anatomi/1 & (t5 a lov] ( pa?ological specim5s1 ?an an arti/1 al?\gh he 0 a great sculptor4 ,! action ( ! muscles 9 8 figures may n g beyond ! v]ge ( ! possible :5 tak5 sep>ately1 & z "o w\ld te/ !m ) an electric curr5t1 b we d insi/ t :5 tak5 z a h>moni\s :ole1 ! spasmodic action ( "s muscles z express$ by him w\ld h prev5t$ ! exagg]at$ actions ( o!rs by antagoniz+ _! effect4 ,mi*ael ,angelo's "w has always giv5 u ! feel+ t he _h a model1 on :i*1 ) an electric curr5t1 he te/$ ! action ( ea* muscle sep>ately1 & !n modell$ ea* "o sep>ately :il/ ! circuit 0 jo9$2 9 fact t 8 works are amateur sci5tific /udies & n works ( art2 & h]e9 is 8 weakness1 he passes ! b\nds ( nature4 ,woltmann & ,wo]mann say fir/ ( all he does g beyond ! b\nds ( nature1 & t !re9 lies 8 greatness1 & !n !y flatly contradict !mselves1 & say an anatomi/ has in=m$ !m t he does n g beyond ! b\nds ( nature1 & !y quote ?is z a m]it4 ,our op9ion1 also t ( a /ud5t ( anatomy1 is t he goes beyond ! b\nds ( nature1 & exagg]ates nature1 & s spoils 8 "w completely4 ,he is f> bel[ ! ,greeks4 ,8 influ5ce1 too1 has be5 hurtful1 = he has kept all b v indep5d5t & p[]ful intellects )9 8 traditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,raphael & ,correggio4 ,raphael#e & ,correggio we w quickly dismiss1 ?\gh we are fully aw>e ( ! #gj1jjj reputation ( ! "o1 & ! lit]>y reputation ( ! o!r4 ,raphael does n appeal to u1 ) 8 sickly s5tim5tality1 8 pu]ile composition1 8 poor te*nique1 & 8 lack ( obs]vation ( nature4 ,_m ( ! figures 9 8 pictures1 /&+ "s feet beh9d ! =emo/1 are tall] & l>g] ?an ^? 9 front4 ,we feel sure he _h no indep5d5ce ( m9d4 ,he 0 a religi\s y\?1 ) no great p[] ( ?\ght1 & "t w give him 8 true place4 ,b z a taxpay] we mu/ ent] a mild prote/ aga9/ ! ineptitude ( au?orities :o pay su* heavy prices = pictures su* z ! ,raphael ref]r$ to4 ,!re 0 a small picture ( a head--! head ( a doctor--by an unkn[n h&1 hang+ ne> ! ,raphael1 :i*1 z a "w ( art1 is inf9itely its sup]ior1 b x 0 done by an unkn[n h&4 7,^! pictures h s9ce be5 re-hung47 ,= t #gj1jjj :at a spl5did collection ( good "w by m5 ( ! pres5t day c\ld h be5 pur*as$1 a collection e s+le picture ( :i* might easily be sup]ior to all ! ,raphaels 9 ! _w z works ( art6 ----- ,footnote #e3 ,m4 ,*>cot has rec5tly %[n t ,raphael's demoniacs are all false & untrue4 ----- ,sid5ote3 ,del ,s>to4 ,to ! same p]iod belongs ,&rea del ,s>to1 a naturali/ic pa9t] ( great p[]4 ,he _h m feel+ = nature ?an mo/ ( ! m5 ( 8 "t1 & 8 bread? ( treatm5t & tru?fulness ( col\r+ are admirable4 ,( c\rse he pa9t$ religi\s pictures1 b f ! naturali/ic po9t ( view !y are wond]ful4 ,! /ud5t mu/ /udy ! portrait 9 ! ,national ,gall]y pa9t$ by him4 ,sid5ote3 ,titian4 ,! next & la/ great ma/] ( ?is p]iod is ,titian1 ano!r ( ! few entitl$ to ! "n ( g5ius4 ,8 portraits are 8 be/ works4 ,mi*ael ,angelo is reput$ to h said1 8,?is man might h be5 z em95t 9 design z he is true to nature & ma/]ly 9 c\nt]feit+ ! life1 & !n no?+ c\ld be desir$ bett] or m p]fect40 ,titian's works %[ t he _h mu* m love = nature ?an ,mi*ael ,angelo ev] %[$1 & we ?9k x a pity = ,mi*ael ,angelo's sake t he did n take a leaf f ,titian's book in/ead ( criticiz+ 8 p[] ( design4 ,8 l&scape backgr\nds %[ a feel+ = nature f> above any?+ pa9t$ up to t "t4 ,aft] 8 day art 9 ,italy fell into evil ways1 & no ,italian "n /&s out ev5 to ?is day4 ,! /udy ( nature 0 neglect$1 illogical traditions slipp$ 91 & ?\gh "s writ]s on pa9t+ talk ( 8,naturali/s10 9 ! p]iod ( decad5ce1 cit+ ,c>avaggio & o!rs1 we w\ld fa9 "k :at !y mean by ! t]m 8,naturali/s10 = ! pa9t]s !y cite 7 no /ud5ts ( nature1 z is %[n by _! works1 :i* are m reali/ic ?an naturali/ic1 !y be+ z mu* /ud5ts ( nature z are ! 8pr(essional0 photograph]s ( to-day1 ^: ideas ( nature are %>pness & weal? ( detail4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cam]a obscura4 ,canaletto's pictures look l bad photographs1 & t he us$ a cam]a obscura is well kn[n1 = ,c\nt ,alg>otti has told u z mu*4 ,he includes ,rib]a & o!r ,tramontane ma/]s 9 ! li/ ( ^? :o us$ ! cam]a obscura4 ,sid5ote3 ,rib]a4 ,rib]a h[ev]1 is no small pa9t]1 al?\gh he is n a great ma/]4 ,! passages 9 "s ( 8 works are ma/]ful1 z 9 ! dead ,*ri/ at ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,,f ,,! ,,r5asc5ce ,,to ,,mod]n ,,times4 ,sid5ote3 ,preamble4 ,we %all n[ glance ov] ! works ( ! great arti/s ?r\gh\t ,europe f ! "t ( ! ,r5asc5ce p]iod d[nw>ds1 & see h[ & :at influ5ce ,naturalism _h on !m1 & we %all inquire :e!r ! lov+ tru?fulness to & /udy ( nature & adhesion to ! subjects ( e-day life 0 n ! secret ( ! success ( all :o /& out z pre-em95t dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,! simple/ me?od w be to take sep>ately ! c\ntries :]e art has fl\ri%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,spa94 ,beg9n+ ) ,spa91 we f9d at ! outset f hi/ory t !re 0 b little hope = art4 ,religion en*a9$ art1 & t t]rible /a9 on ignorant ,spa91 ! ,inquisition1 gave rise to ! (fice ( 8,inspector ( ,sacr$ ,pictures40 ,?is (fice 0 no s9ecure1 = x controll$ all ! arti/s' movem5ts1 ev5 prescrib+ h[ mu* ( ! virg9's nak$ foot %\ld be %[n4 ,comm5ts are ne$less1 = h[ c\ld art fl\ri% "u su* circum/ances8 ,"o "n1 h[ev]1 comes at la/ to break ?r\gh all rule1 & 9 #aeii1 at ,seville1 0 born ,velasquez4 ,sid5ote3 ,velasquez4 ,velasquez1 ?\gh mov+ f 8 y\? up 9 ! mo/ ref9$ society ( 8 native t[n1 _h ! might ( g5ius to see t ! falsely s5tim5tal "w ( 8 pr$ecessors 0 n ! true /uff1 & he1 l all great work]s1 made ,nature 8 wat*word4 ,he is reput$ to h said he 8w\ld r be ! fir/ ( vulg> pa9t]s ?an ! second ( ref9$ ones10 & ?\gh he began by pa9t+ /ill life /raight f nature1 he f9ally became 9 8 portraits "o ( ! mo/ ref9$1 tru?ful1 & greate/ ( pa9t]s ! _w has ev] se54 ,?\gh greatly influ5c$ by ! religi\s t5d5cies ( ! "t1 we f9d him (t5 pa9t+ ! life ar\nd him1 & we h f 8 bru% wat]-c>ri]s1 & ev5 drunk>ds2 b he f9ally rea*$ 8 greate/ heights & ! ex]cise ( 8 full p[]s 9 portraiture4 ,all :o h a *ance1 & all :o h n %\ld try & create "o1 %\ld g to ! ,national ,gall]y & /udy ! rem>kable portrait ( ,philip ( ,spa94 ,b>ely has portraiture atta9$ su* a level z 9 ?is example1 & :at 0 ! oa? ?is pa9t] took8 8,nev] to d any?+ )\t nature be=e him40 ,sid5ote3 ,murillo4 ,! next "n1 great 9 "s ways1 b n to be comp>$ ) ,velasquez1 is ,murillo2 & :5 0 he great8 ,0 x 9 8 sickly s5tim5tal religi\s pictures8 ,no1 c]ta9ly n4 ,x 0 9 su* pictures z ! ,spani% peasant boys1 su* z c be se5 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,dulwi* ,gall]y4 ,?is gall]y is op5 to ! public1 & q easy ( access1 & %\ld n be neglect$4 ,sid5ote3 ,=tuny4 ,! la/ ,spani% "n ( note is t ( ,=tuny1 a ,catalonian1 :o is (t5 mi/ak5 = a ,fr5*man1 s9ce he liv$ 9 ,p>is "s ye>s ago4 ,=tuny is des]v+ ( mu* praise z hav+ be5 ! fir/ to %ake (f ! slav]y ( 8geometrical p]spective40 ,8 be/ pictures 7 homely & fe/al sc5es1 *iefly int]iors1 :i* he pa9t$ z he saw !m )\t any preconceiv$ ideas ( p]spective4 ,= ?is new dep>ture1 & on acc\nt ( 8 "w1 ,=tuny des]ves all praise4 ,s9ce 8 dea?1 9 #ahgd1 no ,spani% pa9t] ( note has come to ! =e1 b art 9 t c\ntry langui%es 9 prett9ess1 false s5tim5tality1 & works done = popul>ity2 ! ephem]id ( art4 ,,g]many4 ,g]many seems to h neglect$ ! lessons taught h] by ,dur] & ,holbe91 & ! my/ics seize h] & c>ry h] away f nature1 &1 !re=e1 f art4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,holbe9 no really great man has aris54 ,sid5ote3 ,kaulba*4 ,kaulba*1 :o has be5 well describ$ z 8all lit]ature10 is prais$ by "s1 b he does n seem to h _h ev5 poetic ideas4 ,nature to him 0 no?+1 b ! petty do+s ( err+ man 7 ev]y?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,mak>t4 ,sid5ote3 ,heffn]4 ,mak>t 0 m]etrici\s & small1 & ,heffn]'s pictures are l bad photographs 9 col\r1 j ! class ( photography we are n[ writ+ aga9/4 ,_h he be5 a photograph]1 he w\ld nev] h ris5 above ! topographical1 z he has nev] ris5 ,sid5ote3 ,munkacsy4 above ! topographical 9 pa9t+4 ,great] is ! ,hung>ian1 ,munkacsy2 b is he an immortal8 ,we d\bt x4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]e/*ag94 ,9 ,russia1 ,v]e/*ag9 is ! only "n t has made any /ir1 b he1 l ,heffn]1 sees ,nature topographically1 & ! only emotion caus$ by 8 8%[0 0 call$ up by ! ori5tal rugs4 ,,flemi% ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck4 ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck we m5tion only to %[ we h n ov]look$ !m4 ,! "w ( bo? %[s m reg>d = 8gett+ on0 & ! 8anci5ts0 ?an = nature3 x is lack+ 9 feel+ & 9 tru?4 ,van ,dyck is (t5 wood itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5i]s & ,van ,o/ade4 ,t5i]s ! y\ng] z an arti/ is a long way ahead ( ei!r ( ^! m51 & 9 "s ways he goes v f>4 ,van ,o/ade is (t5 good also4 ,8 portrait ( a man light+ 8 pipe1 a small picture to be se5 at ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 is a ma/]piece ( pa9t+1 & z f9e z any?+ ( ! k9d done up to ?is p]iod4 ,?is little gem is ! "w ( a lov] ( nature & an arti/4 ,x is q a small canvas1 ab\t #aj #f1 ) no 8subject10 no?+ b a man light+ 8 pipe2 yet x is p]fect1 & f> surpasses all ! s5tim5talities ( ,raphael1 or ! t\rs de =ce ( ,rub5s4 ,! /ud5t mu/ see ?is picture )\t fail4 ,,engli% ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,hog>?4 ,! ,engli% pa9t]s ( note beg9 ) ,hog>?1 ?\gh ! bad "w ( ,lely & ,knell] is cit$ z ,engli%1 because execut$ 9 ,engl&1 yet nei!r ( ^! two m5 0 ,engli%1 & no lov] ( art w\ld be pr\d ( !m if !y 74 ,hog>?1 !n1 0 ! fa!r ( ,engli% pa9t+1 & he began on good heal?y l9es1 = he 0 a naturali/ to ! backbone1 *oos+ 8 subjects f 8 own "t2 & ?\gh he affect$ to po9t a moral 9 8 pictures1 /ill !re is ! grip ( reality & insight into ess5tials 9 8 "w :i* m>k him z a great pa9t]4 ,! read] w probably h se5 8 "w at ! ,national ,gall]y2 if n1 he %\ld d s at once4 ,sid5ote3 ,wilson4 ,we pass ov] ,wilson1 = 9 8 "w is n app>5t any love ( nature1 b only a feel+ = classicism4 ,sid5ote3 ,reynolds4 ,! next "n is t ( ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,he 0 a mann]i/1 &1 ?\gh successful 9 8 own "t1 is v mortal4 ,sid5ote3 ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,close on 8 knightly heels came "o ( ! true immortals1 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh1 "o ( ! be/ portrait-pa9t]s ! _w has ev] se54 ,8 l&scapes1 ?\gh bett] ?an any up to 8 "t1 are n good1 & 8 reputation re/s *iefly on 8 p[] 9 portraiture1 9 :i* he 0 c]ta9ly a ma/]4 ,naturalism brea!s f 8 canvas2 he has seiz$ ! v ess5ce ( 8 sitt]s' be+1 & portray$ !m full ( life & beauty4 ,see 8 portrait ( ,mrs4 ,tickell & ,mrs4 ,%]idan 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y2 y w nev] =get ! *>m & ! beauty ( ! ladies1 :]ev] y g aft]w>ds4 ,mrs4 ,siddons1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 too1 is wond]ful4 ,/udy well ^! two1 & !n g & gaze on a portrait by ,reynolds1 & we d\bt n y w h le>nt some?+ ( ! gulf t sep>at$ ! two pa9t]s4 ,ga9sbor\gh 01 to our m9d1 ! fir/ immortal 9 ,engli% art1 & fit to rank ) ,van ,eyck1 ,holbe91 ,da ,v9ci1 ,titian1 & ,velasquez4 ,sid5ote3 ,kauffman & ,fuseli4 ,leav+ 8! ,kauffman0 & ,fuseli to ^? :o c admire !m1 we pass on to poor ,george ,morl&1 a g5ius 9 8 own bran* ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,morl&4 ,?is man /udi$ & pa9t$ f life1 & 8 pictures be> te/imony t he did s1 & not)/&+ ! drawbacks caus$ by 8 un=tunate temp]am5t1 8 "n lives & gr[s m respect$ e day1 = 8 /udy 0 nature1 & s 8 "w w always be int]e/+4 ,sid5ote3 ,bewick4 ,we n[ come to a great & des]v$ly well-kn[n "n--t ( ,?omas ,bewick1 ! engrav] on wood4 ,"h we h a man work+ 9 a humble way1 humble t is z comp>$ ) pa9t+ or sculpture1 yet lov+ & /udy+ nature 9 e detail1 & foll[+ h] 9 all h] my/]y & *>m1 only d>+ n[ & !n to add "s quiet fancy ( 8 own1 & yet he lives & 8 "n gr[s great] e day4 ,a true naturali/ & a real arti/ 0 he1 & 8 fame w be la/+4 ,:5 ,wilson is ar*aic1 ,bewick w be held up = admiration1 s p[]ful is ! effect ( ! hone/ /udy ( nature 9 8 "w4 ,8 birds & quadrup$s we all "k2 b if any read] %\ld n "k !m1 he %\ld at once get a copy & /udy ! cuts 9 x4 ,mr4 ,qu>it* has1 we believe1 rec5tly issu$ a repr9t ( ! book4 ,sid5ote3 ,wood-engrav+4 ,wood-cutt+ has deg5]at$4 ,m5 ( little tra9+ & no arti/ic feel+ took x up1 & sl[ly b surely ! art decay$ until x became purely me*anical1 & s x has rema9$ 9 ,engl&4 ,n[ x bids fair to be sup]s$$ by photo-me*anical processes1 z x w und\bt$ly be entirely sup]s$$ directly a really arti/ic process ( reproduction is discov]$ = pr9t+ ) ! type4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ev]1 wood-engrav+ took a fre% />t1 & br\ght photography to its aid1 & our op9ion is t ! effect obta9$ 9 photographs pr9t$ on album5iz$ pap] became ! effect :i* ! wood-cutt]s aim$ =1 & ! result is a pr9t ( wond]ful detail & beauty1 b = our ta/e x is too poli%$ & neat1 ! effect ( ov]lay+ is f> too visible1 &1 9 %ort1 x does n r5d] nature truly1 & ?\gh f> surpass+ any?+ ( ! k9d done 9 ,engl&1 x is1 z a "w ( art1 altoge!r eclips$ by ,bewick's "w1 ! reason be+ t ,bewick only took wood-engrav+ z a m$ium = ! expression ( ! beauties ( nature1 e l9e 9 8 blocks be+ full ( mean+4 ,b ! hydra head ( comm]cialism %[$ itself1 & wood-engrav]s ) little or no feel+ = or k ( nature set to "w turn+ out blocks l ma*9es4 ,photography w keep ^! artisans f fall+ utt]ly away f nature1 yet su* "w is h>mful & ( no arti/ic good to u1 ?\gh x may please ! public4 ,_h !re be5 no con/ant returns to nature 7z !re mu/ always be 9 "s measure :5 a photograph is us$7 decay w\ld be %>p & spe$y1 b photography bol/]s up ! dy+ art4 ,lately sev]al woodblocks h be5 produc$ cut f photographs1 :]e9 all ! beauty ( ! photographs has be5 utt]ly lo/ by ! engrav]1 & ! results are ba/>d slips ( trade2 b we %all h m to say on ?is po9t lat] on4 ,"o ?+ at any rate photography c claim3 t is s long z x c be practis$1 art c nev] slip back to ! crude "w done 9 "s eras ( its decad5ce4 ,photography has help$ _m ( ^! feeble wood-cutt]s imm5sely1 & ! pici]-critic calls ^! works 8preci\s40 ,x is extraord9>y h[ m5 w deceive !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,wat]-col\rs4 ,n[ we come to a bran* ( art :i* is ess5tially ,engli%1 namely1 pa9t+ 9 wat]-col\rs4 ,x is n meant by ?is t wat]-col\r is a new m$ium1 or t ! ,engli% wat]-col\ri/s 7 ! fir/ to use ! m$ium1 = ! temp]a pa9t+s 7 b wat]-col\rs1 & ,alb]t ,dur] & o!rs us$ x consid]ably2 b :at is impli$ is t ! ,engli% 7 ! fir/ to adopt x l>gely & develop x1 ?\gh x 0 res]v$ = ! mod]n ,dut*m5 & ,fr5*m5 to %[ its full capabilities4 ,! pa9t] 9 wat]-col\r has n1 ( c\rse1 ! same control ov] 8 m$ium z he has 9 us+ oils1 & ! "w :5 f9i%$ ev5 by ! be/ arti/s1 has an artificial look t belies nature4 ,b to see really true wat]-col\rs ! read] mu/ n look = !m 9 ,engli% gall]ies4 ,no ,engli%man ev] came s ne> to nature--to ! subtleties ( nature--9 wat]-col\r z d ! mod]n ,dut* & ,fr5* pa9t]s4 ,! read] w\ld d well to g to ,g\pil's exhibitions ( mod]n ,dut* & ,fr5* pa9t]s1 :i* are held f "t to "t1 & keep a look-out = wat]-col\rs1 & he %\ld c>efully /udy !m at ! ,p>is ,salon4 ,prophecy is always risky & ( little c\nt1 b we w\ld l to v5ture a prophecy t wat]-col\rs w nev] take a v prom95t place 9 art1 because no great g5ius w ev] be cont5t ) ! m$ium4 ,( ! bulk ( ,engli% wat]-col\rs ( to-day !re is n "o ^w ( praise to be said1 & ! /ud5t 9 art matt]s w d well to avoid all exhibitions ( ?is "w until he has c>efully /udi$ ! be/ "w 9 art1 & until he has a great] insight into nature2 & !n let him g to ! v>i\s wat]-col\r exhibitions1 & if he does n receive a m5tal %ock1 we %all be greatly surpris$4 ,!re is b little nature 9 !m1 inde$ b little any?+ except p\nds1 %ill+s1 & p5ce4 ,! be/ ( !m are nause\s imitations ( ,turn]1 & ! :ole ( !m %[ an entire ignorance ( ! simple/ ph5om5a ( nature1 :i* w\ld be />tl+ did we n rememb] t mo/ ( !m are pa9t$ f 8notes0 & 8memory40 ,^! rem>ks d n ( c\rse apply to su* "w z is done by a few mod]n pa9t]s1 su* z ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 b ^! pa9t 9 oils fir/ & wat]-col\r aft]w>ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,girt94 ,! fir/ man wor? consid]+ 9 ?is bran* ( art is ,girt91 :o 0 naturali/ic z f> z he c\ld be1 & _h he n di$ at su* an e>ly age 7"u ?irty7 ! probability is t ,turn] w\ld h be5 eclips$ by him4 ,( ,turn] we %all speak lat] on4 ,sid5ote3 ,d4 ,cox4 ,! "n ( ,david ,cox rises above ! m5 ( 8 "t2 b1 aft] all1 8 is n ! "n ( an immortal4 ,he aim$ well1 h[ev]1 = he tri$ to pa9t ! life & l&scape ( 8 "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,w9t4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ,de ,w9t2 b if we g to ! basem5t ( ! ,national ,gall]y & /udy ,de ,w9t1 & !n g to ,norfolk & /udy ! l&scape !re1 we %all f9d ,mr4 ,de ,w9t is b a sorry pa9t]4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 may be said 9 8 praise4 ,he pa9t$ out ( doors--n 9 8 /udio--& 0 no d\bt a lov] ( nature4 ,8 peasants are n ! fe>ful trave/ies ( ,hill1 ,b>ret1 & ,coll9s4 ,lewis & ,cotman & ,v9c5t h1 h[ev]1 done "s bett] ?+s ?an ,de ,w9t4 ,return+ to oil pa9t+1 we mu/ pass ov] ! long li/ ( names1 includ+ ,presid5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 ^: names are n[ all b if n q =gott51 = _! peasantry ( ! ,op]a ,b\ffe1 _! l&scapes aft] ,claude1 _! works ( ! imag9ation c n[ int]e/ no "o1 & nev] did int]e/ any b ! pa9t]s !mselves & an un$ucat$ public4 ,sid5ote3 ,turn]4 ,!n we come to ,turn]1 t competitor 9 pa9t+4 ,to use a colloquialism--8,!re is a great man gone wrong40 ,_h he b liv$ to-day1 he might h be5 an immortal2 b he does n live1 & 8 lease ( fame is n = s long a "t z is g5]ally imag9$4 ,x has _h an artificial afflatus ?r\gh ! writ+s ( a 8spl5didly false0 critic1 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 ! critic1 l ! arti/1 has _h insight en\gh to see ! true purpose ( art1 namely1 t ! arti/ %\ld be true to nature1 & %\ld be an int]pret] ( ! life & l&scape ( 8 own "t2 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 ! critic1 l ! arti/1 does n "k :at nature is4 ,! critic has tak5 ,turn] z nature unalloy$1 & h5ce ! :ole ( t gigantic "w ( 8 is built on s&4 ,! critic nev] _h mu*1 if any1 weight ) ! be/ arti/s4 ,ev5 ,turn] himself 0 amus$ ) ! reason+s ( 8 eulogi/ic logic6 & gave x out z mu* z a man c give out ab\t 8 eulogi/1 t all ! tall talk ab\t 8 pictures 0 rubbi%4 ,b ,turn] 0 s9c]e accord+ to 8 lights4 ,to say ( 8 e>li] pictures t he pa9t$ 9 rivalry or imitation1 if y l1 ( ,wilson1 ,p\ss91 & ,claude1 is to say !y are bad1 z !y und\bt$ly are4 ,?is _s ( rivalry nev] seems to h des]t$ ,turn]1 = 9 8 w he left directions bequea?+ "o ( 8 pictures to ! ,academy1 on condition x %\ld be hung side by side ) a ,claude4 ,! _s ( ?is is1 ( c\rse1 pat5t4 ,he ?9ks he has beat5 ,claude1 & t is en\gh4 ,no great g5ius w\ld h desc5d$ to t4 ,art 0 to him an un5d+ competition1 & ! result 0 t nature 0 neglect$2 & ?\gh he revell$ 9 ! life & l&scape ( 8 own times1 yet ! small _s ( competition 0 8 ru94 ,_h he humbly1 l ,con/able1 _h fai? 9 8 t5ets1 & lov+ly & mode/ly clung to nature1 8 fame might h be5 imm5se & ev]la/+4 ,8 lat] pictures are1 ( c\rse1 ! ecc5tricities ( s5ility1 & ! false col\r+s se5 by a diseas$ eye1 z has be5 lately %[n1 & are z unlike nature z "o c\ld expect su* "w to be4 ,b let u take 8 8,fro/y ,morn+0 at ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,look well at x1 & :at d y f9d8 ,falsity ev]y:]e1 & mo/ ( ! ess5ce & poetry ( a fro/y morn+ completely miss$4 ,! true/ picture by ,turn] t we "k is a little aqu>elle at ,s\? ,k5s+ton--8,a ,view on ! ,?ames40 ,"h1 !n1 :5 we get ,turn] true to ! tru? :i* he felt 9 himself1 & n compet+ 7t we "k (71 :at d we f9d8 ,we f9d him imm5sely beh9d ,de ,hooghe 9 a tru?ful & poetic expression ( nature1 z is well possible = s great a man4 ,! ,lib] ,/udiorum %\ld also be c>efully /udi$1 not+ ! falsities2 trees drawn by rule1 figures n drawn at all1 ! total disreg>d ( ! ph5om5a ( nature1 sometimes ev5 ! evid5ce ( sev]al suns 9 "o picture4 ,!re is no tru? ( tone2 no atmosph]e2 ! values are all wrong2 all ! *>m & subtlety ( nature completely miss$4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,hooghe & ,clays4 ,g to ,de ,hooghe or ,clays aft] ?is1 & :at a diff]5ce6 ,"h are no m]etrici\s adornm5ts1 b m nature & less ( err+1 feeble man & 8 mann]isms4 ,turn] is n ! man to /udy1 & if y _c 8und]/& him0 well & good4 ,_m arti/s _c & d n wi% to1 = !re is no?+ to und]/&1 & _m ,fr5* pa9t]s ( great ability je] at 8 v "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/able & ,crome4 ,) :at relief we turn f ,turn] to ,con/able & ,crome4 ,^! two ,ea/ ,anglians are giants 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% pa9t+4 ,all %\ld /udy ,con/able's works at ! ,national ,gall]y & ,s\? ,k5s+ton2 & 8 life by ,leslie is well wor? read+1 z %[+ h[ mu* ( a naturali/ 9 !ory he 04 ,! be/ example ( 8 "w t we "k is a little riv] sc5e1 ) "s will[s1 :i* we saw at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,8 "w is n1 h[ev]1 p]fect4 ,y feel t !re is no atmosph]e 9 8 pictures4 ,?is is due to _! be+ out ( tone4 ,he _h n ! k ( nature t *>act]iz$ ,de ,hooghe1 & 0 n always fai?ful to 8 cre$3 h5ce 8 fail+s4 ,= ?\gh we read 9 8 life su* passages z ^!3--8,9 su* an age z ?is1 pa9t+ %\ld be und]/ood1 n look$ on ) bl9d wond]1 nor consid]$ only z poetic inspiration1 b z a pursuit--legitimate1 sci5tific1 & me*anical40444 8,! old rubbi% ( art1 ! mu/y1 commonplace1 wret*$ pictures :i* g5tlem5 collect1 hang up1 & display to _! fri5ds1 may be comp>$ to ,%akspe>e's #8,begg>ly ,acc\nt ( ,empty ,boxes4' ,nature is any?+ b ?is1 ei!r 9 poetry1 pa9t+1 or 9 ! fields40444 8,obs]ve t ?y be/ director1 ?y p]fect guide is nature4 ,copy f h]4 ,9 h] pa?s is ?y triumphal ar*4 ,%e is above all o!r tea*]s40444 8,is x n folly1 said ,mr4 ,nor?cote to me 9 ! ,exhibition1 z we 7 /&+ be=e ----'s picture1 = a man to pa9t :at he c nev] see8 ,is x n suffici5tly difficult to pa9t :at he does see8 ,?is delightful lesson leads me to ask1 :at is pa9t+ b an imitative art--an art t is to realize1 n to feign4 ,!n "s dream t e man :o w n submit to long toil 9 ! imitation ( nature1 flies up1 becomes a phantom1 & produces dreams ( nons5se & abortions4 ,he ?9ks to save himself "u a f9e imag9ation1 :i* is g5]ally1 & almo/ always 9 "y m51 ! scapegoat ( folly & idl5ess40444 8,!re has nev] be5 a lay pa9t]1 nor c !re be4 ,! art requires a long appr5tice%ip1 be+ me*anical1 z well z intellectual40444 8,my pictures w nev] be popul>10 he said1 8= !y h no h&l+4 ,b ,i see no h&l+ 9 nature40444 ,blake once1 on look+ ?r\gh ,con/able's sket*-books1 said ( a draw+ ( fir-trees1 8,:y1 ?is is n draw+1 b inspiration60 & ,con/able repli$1 8,i nev] knew x be=e2 ,i meant x = draw+40444 8,if ! mann]i/s _h nev] exi/$1 pa9t+ w\ld h be5 easily und]/ood40444 8,i hope to %[ t ours is a regul>ly taught pr(ession2 t x is sci5tific1 z well z poetic2 t imag9ation alone nev] did1 & nev] c1 produce works t are to /& a comp>ison ) realities40444 8,! det]ioration ( art has ev]y:]e proce$$ f simil> causes1 ! imitation ( prec$+ /yles1 ) little ref]5ce to nature40444 8,x appe>s to me t pictures h be5 ov]valu$1 held up by a bl9d admiration z ideal ?+s1 & almo/ z /&>ds by :i* nature is to be judg$1 r ?an ! rev]se40444 8,! "y pa9t]1 :o1 reg>dless ( pres5t popul>ity1 w\ld leave a "n beh9d him1 mu/ become ! pati5t pupil ( ,nature0--yet ,con/able 0 n always true to himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,crome4 ,crome1 :o 01 9 our op9ion1 a bett] pa9t] ?an ,con/able1 0 l him a naturali/1 & true to 8 fai?4 ,!re is an amus+ sc5e 9 8 life1 :i* we w quote4 8,a bro!r ( ! art met ,crome 9 a remote spot ( heal?y v]dure1 ) a troop ( "y p]sons4 ,n kn[+ ! p>ticul> object ( ! assembly1 he v5tur$ to address ! ,norwi* pa9t] ?us3 #8,:y1 ,i ?\ght ,i _h left y 9 ! city engag$ 9 y\r s*ool4' #8,i am 9 my s*ool1' repli$ ,crome1 #8& tea*+ my s*ol>s f ! only true examples4 ,d y ?9k1' po9t+ to a lovely di/ance1 #8ei!r y or ,i c d bett] ?an t8'0 ,crome has express$ 8 view ( art 9 ! foll[+ rem>ks1 :i* we read 9 8 life3--8,! man :o w\ld place an animal :]e ! animal w\ld n place itself1 w\ld d ! same ) a tree1 a bank1 a human figure--) any object1 9 fact1 t might occur 9 ,nature2 & !re=e su* a man may be a good col\ri/ or a good draughtsman1 b he is no arti/40 ,at ! ,national ,gall]y is to be se5 a v good specim5 ( 8 "w1 & "o well wor? /udy+4 ,v9c5t1 ano!r ,ea/ ,anglian1 did "s wond]ful "w1 q equal to ,van d] ,veldes'4 ,sid5ote3 ,callcott1 ,nasmy?1 ,mll]1 & ,maclise4 ,we n[ pass ov] ! names ( ,callcott1 ,nasmy?1 ,mll]1 & ,maclise1 none ma/]s1 ?\gh !y h be5 call$ 8great col\ri/s10 :atev] t may mean4 ,a great col\ri/ %\ld be a true col\ri/1 & ,mll] is almo/ *romographic 9 orig9ality 9 ?is respect4 ,sid5ote3 ,creswell1 ,l9nell1 & ,cooke4 ,creswell1 ,l9nell1 & ,cooke1 are names t /& out at ?is p]iod1 & ! greate/ ( !m is ,cooke2 8 pa9t+ ( 8,lob/] ,pots10 at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 be+ wond]fully fre% & true2 b none are poets2 !y h b little insight into nature1 ?\gh ,l9nell at times %[s ! true feel+4 ,a long li/ ( well-kn[n names foll[s1 su* z ,hilton1 ,haydon1 ,etty1 & ,ea/lake1 b none are ma/]s1 & we only m5tion !m to caution aga9/ !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,wilkie1 ,/ansfield1 ,mulready1 ,leslie1 ,l&se]1 & ,mason4 ,( consid]able p[] 7 ,wilkie1 ,/ansfield1 ,mulready1 ,leslie1 ,l&se]1 & ,mason1 b none ( !m 0 really good1 al?\gh mu* has be5 writt5 & said 9 praise ( _! works4 ,!y are all false 9 s5tim5t1 & all lack insight into ! poetry ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,wilkie & ,l&se]4 ,9 te*nique ,wilkie & ,l&se] are (t5 /rong1 & !y w always appeal to a c]ta9 class ( p4 ,sid5ote3 ,mason4 ,mason's "w is a f9e example ( ! folly ( introduc+ ! s-call$ 8imag9ative0 into l&scape4 ,take 8 8,h>ve/ ,moon10 :5 & :]e did ev] m5 exi/ ) su* limbs8 ! :ole picture smacks ( ! model & ( ! 8/age idealism20 !re is no nature !re1 b a laughable p>ody ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,f4 ,walk]4 ,! next really great "n 9 ,engli% art is t ( ,fr$]ick ,walk]1 a naturali/1 & above all an arti/ :o _h a great grip ( & insight into nature4 ,b 9 8 "w ! traditions ( ! idyllic peasants ( ! gold5 age l+]s1 & we f9d 8 pl\ghman m]rily runn+ along ) a pl\gh z ?\gh x 7 a toy c>t2 & :at a pl\ghman6 he nev] saw a field 9 8 life4 ,?is is a grave fault1 & takes away f ! greatness ( ,walk]1 yet not)/&+ ?is 8 "n w always be a l&m>k 9 ,engli% art4 ,! read] w be able to /udy "o ( 8 works 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,! date ( ,walk]'s dea? br+s u d[n to ! actual pres5t4 ,reg>d+ liv+ ,engli% pa9t]s we w rema9 discreetly sil5t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,engli% art is "y1 beg9n+ z x practically does 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 = ! m9iature-pa9t]s _c c\nt = mu*1 & we mu/ !re=e n expect too mu*4 ,great m51 especially great arti/s1 are r>e z ,koh-i-noors4 ,engl& c boa/ ( a few1 su* z ,ga9sbor\gh1 & ,con/able & ,crome4 ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican ,art4 ,( ,am]ican art !re is b little to say4 ,sid5ote3 ,:i/l]4 ,no "n /&s out wor?y ( record till ,j4 ,m4 ,:i/l] appe>s1 & he1 ?\gh an ,am]ican by bir?1 c h>dly be call$ an ,am]ican pa9t]1 = ! life & l&scape ( 8 own c\ntry he neglects1 z also d,sid5ote3 ,s>g5t & ,h>rison4 ,s>g5t & ,h>rison1 two /rong pa9t]s1 bo? ,fr5* by education4 ,:i/l]'s "n rises f> above any arti/ liv+ 9 ,engl&1 8 portrait ( 8 "m & ^? ( ,c>lyle & ,s>asate are works good = all "t & wor?y to be rank$ ) ! be/4 ,mr4 ,:i/l]'s influ5ce1 too1 has be5 great & good4 ,z a pione] he l$ ! revolt aga9/ ignorant criticism by 8 attack on ,rusk94 ,vide 8,art & ,art ,criticism1 ,:i/l] v4 ,rusk940 ,8 life 9 ,engl& has be5 a long battle = art1 & ?\gh _m d n approve ( all 8 me?ods1 & /ill less ( 8 brilliant b illogical 8,t5 o',clock10 8 "w & influ5ce h be5 = good4 ,ano!r great /ep 9 advance1 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 has be5 ! re=m 9 hang+ pictures2 ?\gh he has n be5 all[$ to c>ry out 8 plans ?or\ghly1 yet he has manag$ 8 exhibitions mu* m arti/ically ?an any o!rs 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 l&scape 8 night-sc5e at ,valp>aiso is m>vell\s1 & we d\bt :e!r pa9t ev] m successfully express$ s difficult a subject4 ,b ev5 z ,hom] nods1 s does at times ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 & sometimes 8impressions0 9 oil1 wat]-col\r1 & et*+ appe> ) 8 "n1 an hon\r ( :i* !y are unwor?y4 ,yet s long z art lives w ,mr4 ,:i/l] live 9 8 ,c>lyle1 8 portrait ( 8 "m1 ,lady ,campbell1 & "s small] works4 ,sid5ote3 ,s>g5t4 ,mr4 ,s>g5t's ,c>nations & ,lilies mu/ be fre% 9 our read]s' m9ds4 ,we w only say ( x t we nev] saw ! actual physical facts ( nature s tru?fully & subtly r5d]$4 ,x is inde$ a picture ^: title to admiration w be la/+1 & if ! read] has n already se5 x or1 hav+ se5 x1 has li/5$ to ignorant critics1 & pass$ x ov] z be+ 8ugly10 let him g to ,s\? ,k5s+ton & view x aga91 = ! nation is its =tunate possessor4 ,let him look well at x1 & consid] :at x is4 ,x repres5ts a g>d5 at ! "t ( day :5 ! sunlight is fad+ b has n q gone--crepuscule 9 fact1 & ) ! dy+ light ( day is repres5t$ ! artificial light ( ,*9ese lant]ns4 ,?is is inde$ a ma/]piece4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>rison4 ,mr4 ,h>rison's 8,9 ,arcady0 is wond]ful 9 its effect ( sun%9e ?r\gh trees1 ?\gh ! picture is m>r$ by ! l[ type ( ! models introduc$ & by ! pa9t+ ( ! figures4 ,_h x b be5 pure l&scape x w\ld h be5 a wond]ful piece ( "w4 ,nev] h we se5 ! effect ( noontide heat s well r5d]$4 ,?is1 !n1 br+s u to ! end ( ,am]ican art1 & x is to be hop$ t m5 /rong z ^! w g back to _! own c\ntry & pa9t ! life ( _! own l& & "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,hunt4 ,william ,hunt is a man mu* ?\ght ( 9 ,am]ica1 b we h nev] se5 any ( 8 pa9t+s1 ?\gh 8 book %[s him to be a naturali/ to ! he>t1 & ! read] w d well to read x4 ,"h1 !n1 we mu/ leave ,engl& & ,am]ica1 only rem>k+ t ?+s look bad = ! education ( ! ,am]ican public :5 ! be/ ,am]icans /ay away1 & :5 ri* sausage-mak]s buy ,h]b]t's works ) :i* to educate !mselves1 & :5 catalogue compil]s take ov] boat-loads ( ,engli% wat]-col\rs ) :i* /ill fur!r to lead !m wrong4 ,am]ica wants no su* education z c be giv5 by ,h]b]t's s5ilities or ,engli% wat]-col\rs4 ,%e wants a b& ( e>ne/ "y m51 :o1 hav+ le>n$ _! te*nique 9 ! be/ s*ools 9 ! _w1 namely ^? ( ,p>is1 %all return to ,am]ica & pa9t ! sc5es ( _! own c\ntry1 & !re9 only lies ! hope = ,am]ican art4 ,,dut* ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,rembr&t4 ,! fir/ mighty "n ( ! mod]n p]iod is t ( ,rembr&t ,van ,ryn4 ,holl&1 by h] brav]y1 _h ?r[n (f ! ,spani% yoke1 & ) x ! cru%+ yoke ( ,ca?olicism1 & /ood free to foll[ h] own b5t4 ,z a result ( ?is fre$om a body ( ,naturali/s arose :o did m = mod]n art ?an any body ( pa9t]s 9 ! _w4 ,rembr&t1 ?\gh a giant & fit = ! company ( ! immortals1 ,van ,eyck1 ,velasquez1 c41 0 n p]fect1 = sometimes ! p[] ( tradition lurks 9 8 "w1 & he =ces 8 portraits by w>m col\rs 9 ! backgr\nd1 an artifice :i* 0 n at all necess>y1 & :i* ,mr4 ,:i/l] has done )\t4 ,!re are a numb] ( 8 works 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 & a good "o 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 :]e is also a great ,velasquez1 s t ! read] %\ld n fail to g !re4 ,rembr&t 0 inspir$ by ! simple life ar\nd him1 portraits & int]iors satisfi$ him4 ,x is a significant fact t ! greate/ pa9t]s1 ,dur]1 ,da ,v9ci1 ,velasquez1 & ,rembr&t h be5 cont5t to pa9t ! life ( _! own times & n to draw ^u _! imag9ation4 ,! le>n$ pa9t]1 x _c be too (t5 repeat$1 is he :o is le>n$ 9 all ! res\rces ( 8 art1 & we "q v mu* :e!r "o great reason :y s few great pa9t]s h aris5 is n t arti/s z a rule are s poorly & n>r[ly educat$4 ,at any rate1 ! opposite holds good1 t ! mo/ highly & s\ndly educat$ arti/s1 m5 :o mov$ & held _! own 9 ! be/ intellectual societies ( _! "t1 7 naturali/s4 ,b to return to ,rembr&t4 ,p]haps 8 ma/]y1 8 grip ( nature1 %[ =? z mu* 9 8 et*+s z 9 8 pa9t+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,et*+s4 ,he1 l all great et*]s1 & !re are few en\gh1 us$ et*+ only )9 its legitimate limits1 t is1 z a me?od ( expression by l9e1 9 a simple1 direct & brief mann]4 ,an et*+ by a ma/] may be look$ ^u 9 ! same light z an epigram1#f sonnet or ode by a poet4 ,_m ( ,rembr&t's et*+s c be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & %\ld be ?or\ghly well /udi$2 aft] :i* /udy1 pick up "s ( ! unmean+ "w ( ,seym\r ,had5 or any o!r mod]n et*]1 except ,mr4 ,:i/l] & ,rajon1#g & y w1 )\t d\bt1 di/+ui% ! diff]5ce4 ,mo/ mod]n works are good examples ( h[ n to et*4 ,l9e aft] l9e is put 9 )\t any mean+ at all2 !re is no evid5ce ( ! /udy ( nature 9 ! "w & ! subjects are trivial & commonplace4 ,"o ( ! greate/ evils comm]cialism has done to art is to ru9 mod]n et*+1 by hav+ pictures ( ! old ma/]s copi$ slavi%ly by ! et*]1 & elaborat$ & work$ up1 s t "o we>ies ( !m4 ,su* "w c sc>cely be said to rise to ! dignity ( f9e art at all1 & ,rembr&t1 we ?9k1 w\ld rise 9 horror f 8 grave1 if he c\ld see 8 pa9t+s reproduc$ by et*]s4 ,any reproduction ( a picture is unsatisfactory & does n become f9e art at all1 b is only useful to publi% reflections ( ! m9d ^: "w x is int5d$ to repres5t1 & = our "p we ?9k a good photo-et*+ does ?is bett]1 because m fai?fully1 ?an any o!r process4 ,x is difficult to imag9e ! m9d t c set itself to "w = mon?s1 ev5 ye>s1 at an engrav+ or et*+ f ano!r man's "w :5 ! _w is s full ( pa?os & poetry1 & subjects ab\nd on all sides4 ,no great man 0 ev] f\nd 9 ?is category4 ----- ,footnote #f3 ,epigram "h be+ us$ 9 ! old ,greek s5se4 ,footnote #g3 ,n[ dead4 ----- ,dur] & ,rembr&t et*$1 & ,mr4 ,:i/l] et*es f ,nature direct1 n imp]t95tly--!re is no o!r ^w = x--tamp]+ ) o!r m5's "w4 ,b ! public w buy ^! reproductions1 & an artificial value is ?us giv5 to !m1 & ! deal]s w ( c\rse enc\rage :atev] pays4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9t-sell]s4 ,"o et*+ by ,rembr&t himself is wor? all ^! reproductions ( pictures by engrav+1 et*+1 mezzo-t9t1 or photo-et*+1 because x is an orig9al "w ( art1 ! outcome ( ! lov+ /udy ( nature4 ,n long ago a lett] appe>$ 9 "o ( ! lit]>y 8weeklies10 compla9+ ( ! /amp+ ( photogravures by ! ,pr9t-sell]s' ,association4 ,! obvi\s answ] to ?is pr9t-sell]'s lett] is1 ( c\rse1 t ) ! works ( liv+ pa9t]s1 ! /yle ( reproduction re/s ) ! pa9t]1 & if ! arti/ is satisfi$ ) photo-et*+1 :at has any "o else to say--pa9t]s are ! be/ judges ( ^! ?+s4 ,v few pa9t]s we "k w\ld entru/ ! reproduction ( _! pictures to et*]s or engrav]s1 or w\ld c\nt5ance ! publication ( ano!r man's view ( _! "w4 ,we h se5 photographs ( ,:i/l]'s ,s>asate1 b nev] engrav+s ( x4 ,) bad pa9t+s on ! o!r h&1 ! engrav+ ( !m has (t5 made ! pa9t]'s "n z well z ! engrav]'s4 ,we c\ld cite an example ( a liv+ pa9t] :o owes 8 reputation *iefly to ! engrav+s ( 8 works1 & poor ?+s !y are ev5 :5 embelli%$ by ! process4 ,at ! "t ?is discussion 0 rag+ among/ ! phili/9es1 x 0 gravely ass]t$ t 8engrav+s always rose 9 price10 & ?is 0 giv5 z a reason = buy+ !m4 ,h ! engrav+s ( ,mr4 ,l&se]'s pictures ris5 9 price6 ,ask ! poor subscrib]s to ! fir/ copies4 ,w ! engrav+s ( ,dor's works rise 9 price8 ,qui5 sabe8 ,if ! read] is "u any su* errone\s idea1 let him att5d a few sales ( engrav+s 9 ,london1 & he w see pro(s ( et*+s & engrav+s knock$ d[n = a few %ill+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,van ,o/ade4 ,leav+ ) regret ! great ,rembr&t1 we pass ov] sev]al small] b (t5-quot$ names1 ! mo/ influ5tial "n we come to is ,van ,o/ade1 ano!r naturali/ ( great p[]1 ( :om we h already spok54 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,hooghe4 ,next we come to ,de ,hooghe4 ,?is is ! man :o fir/ really gripp$ ?or\ghly & express$ truly on canvas ! my/]y & poetry ( ! op5 air4 ,!re are two specim5s 7c\rty>ds7 ( ?is wond]ful pa9t]'s "w at ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,!y are an education 9 !mselves1 & are well wor? long & c>eful /udy = h\rs1 inde$ !re are few pictures m wor?y ( /udy4 ,!re !y hang1 fre% z nature & beautiful z pa9t c express1 good1 valuable = all "t--:y8 ,because ! pa9t] has kn[n h[ to give ! s5tim5t ( ple9 air4 ,!re !y hang true & lovely1 pictures ( ,dut* life 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,no hi/ory c come up to !m 9 hi/oric value1 none c be s true4 ,sid5ote3 ,cuyp4 ,cuyp we w pass ov] ) few words4 ,a great second-rate man he und\bt$ly 01 b 8 hot col\r+ smacks ( ! imag9ation r ?an ( nature4 ,paul ,pott] & ,ruysdael also are m5 ) unduly great reputations2 !y are bo? false 9 s5tim5t1 & !y h&l$ nature ) imp]t95ce4 ,any c>eful obs]v] c see t ,ruysdael play$ ) ! light+ ( l&scapes z did ,turn]1 & ( c\rse x is well kn[n t he 0 n p>ticul> z to pa9t+ 8 l&scapes on ! spot4 ,!re is no nature 9 him1 x is all ,ruysdael1 ,ruysdael1 ,ruysdael1 et]nally ,ruysdael4 ,sid5ote3 ,hobbema4 ,hobbema at times v]g$ ne> ! tru? & greatness1 z = in/ance 9 ! pa9t+ ( a road ) trees1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 :i* our read]s w d well to /udy2 b he is ins9c]e & untrue all ?r\gh & 0 n a naturali/4 ,sid5ote3 ,van d] ,velde4 ,9 sea pa9t+1 ,van d] ,velde ! y\ng] is wond]ful 9 8 tru? & love ( nature4 ,good specim5s ( 8 "w c be se5 9 ! ,national ,gall]y4 ,sid5ote3 ,israels4 ,com+ d[n to our own times1 ! eld] ,israels /&s out z a giant1 a di/+ui%$ ma/]4 ,we h only be5 able to see a few ( 8 pictures1 b ^? %[ u ! ma/]4 ,hopeful1 inde$1 is ! art ( ,holl& & ,belgium ) su* m5 z ,artz1 ,mauve1#h ,maas ,m4 ,m>is1 ,mesdag1 ,boosboom1 & o!rs4 ,! read] w (t5 h opportunities ( see+ works by ^! m5 at ! ,fr5* ,gall]y1 ! ,hanov] ,gall]y1 & ,g\pil's1 & he %\ld take e opportunity ( /udy+ _! works mo/ c>efully4 ----- ,footnote #h3 ,n[ dead4 ----- ,,france4 ,& n[1 la/ly1 we come to ,france--,france :]e art has 9 mod]n times rea*$ its highe/ level4 ,france has 9 mod]n times always be5 ! lead] ( civilization 9 ,europe1 & ev5 n[ %e is 9 ! van ( mod]n progress1 our intellectual "m4 ,we may h a f9] lit]ature to %[1 9 ,g]many sci5ce may be m pr(\nd1 b 9 all t is great] ?an lit]ature or sci5ce1 t is 9 solv+ ! problem ( be+ & ?r[+ (f ! yoke ( religi\s & political despotism1 ,france has become ! lead]4 ,practical1 en]getic1 & ?rifty1 ! ,fr5* ) all _! faults1 /ill rema9 9 _m ways ! fir/ nation ( ! _w4 ,france & ! ,fr5* h m ( ! ,anci5t ,greek's esprit ?an any o!r nation has or ev] has _h4 ,9 all ! humaniz+ influ5ces t di/+ui% brute man f civiliz$ man1 ! ,fr5* are to ! =e1 b 9 hi/rionic1 glyptic & pictorial art1 %e is unapproa*able1 & /ill reigns ,que5 ( ! ,arts1 9 ^! bran*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,p\ss9 & ,le ,brun4 ,pass+ ov] ,nicolas ,p\ss91 ,le ,brun & o!r less] names1 ^: works are n ^? ( ma/]s1 ,sid5ote3 ,claude ,lorra9e4 we arrive at ,claude ,lorra9e1 :o may claim to h an inkl+ ( ! tru? & ^: "w %[s a di/9ct advance on ,p\ss91 b :o aft] all is no ma/] because n loyal to nature1 & !re=e 8 already d\btful reputation w g on dim9i%+4 ,sid5ote3 ,watteau4 ,! fir/ "n t really /&s =? z great 9 ,fr5* art is t ( ,watteau4 ,watteau1 h[ev]1 _c be rank$ among ! ,immortals1 = ?\gh 8 te*nique 0 m>vell\s1 & 8 p[] ( draw+ unsurpass$1 he l all 8 contempor>ies1 arti/s & o!rwise1 neglect$ nature1 liv+ z !y did 9 ! artificial times ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,!re is a picture 9 ! ,national ,gall]y :i* well expla9s :at we mean4 ,!n "n aft] "n is h&$ d[n to u1 b 9 va9 d we look = a ma/] among !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,b\*] & ,greuze4 ,b\*] & ,greuze /ill h admir]s1 b !y are n great pa9t]s1 because !y did n /udy nature or at lea/ did n succe$ 9 pa9t+ h]1 z x is v easy to see f _! works4 ,sid5ote3 ,delacroix4 ,delacroix /rove to rise f ! artificial influ5ce ( ! "t1 b he 0 n /rong en\gh to become a ma/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,+res4 ,x 0 res]v$ = ,+res to make a real advance4 ,he1 ?\gh imbu$ to "s ext5t ) ! old _s ( classicism1 0 a deep lov] ( nature1 & ! /ory ( ! /ruggle = ! ma/]y betwe5 ^? two oppos+ t5d5cies is ! /ory ( 8 art & life4 ,?\gh he rises above all previ\s pa9t]s ( 8 c\ntry1 he _c be rank$ ) ! ma/]s4 ,) ,ary ,s*eff] !re 0 a retrogression :i* 9 its turn 0 c\nt]act$ by ,del>o*e4 ,sid5ote3 ,del>o*e4 ,x 0 ,del>o*e :o aft]w>ds said an arti/ w\ld "o day h to use photography4 ,/ill1 9 va9 d we look = a g5ius1 & until ,con/able's pictures exhibit$ 9 #ahbd 9 ,p>is1 ar\s$ ! ,fr5* z to ! real aims ( art1 no really great ma/] appe>s4 ,b :5 practical ,france saw1 %e imm$iately took up naturalism4 ,sid5ote3 ,descamps4 ,!n we h fir/ ,descamps1 :o took up ! newly reviv$ ideas1 b fail$1 & ,r\sseau made ! real dep>ture--! poetry & my/]y ( nature r\s$ 9 him an ard5t sympa?y1 & all hon\r to him = /ruggl+ on at ,b>bizon1 9 ! face ( ! neglect & contumacy ( ! ,salon4,sid5ote3 ,r\sseau4 ,b ,r\sseau1 h]o ?\gh he 01 nev] rose to be a mighty pa9t]1 & 8 works fall f> beh9d ^? ( ! be/ pa9t]s ( to-day1 b z a pione] 8 "n w always be rememb]$1 & ?\gh he fail$1 he at lea/ took ,nature z 8 wat*word4 ,sid5ote3 ,corot4 ,aft] ,r\sseau came ,corot1 a ma/] good = all "t4 ,8 e>ly works %[ signs ( ! classical _s1 f :i* he _h n yet %ak5 himself free1 ?us we sometimes see 9 8 e>ly works1 peasants /rangely habit$ & rem9d+ "o ( ! sev5te5? c5tury or anci5t ,greece1 :i* is ( c\rse ridicul\s2 b 8 lat] "w is true & great4 ,full ( bread? & feel+ = ! subtleties & poetry ( nature1 he has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,examples ( 8 "w 9 ,engl& c sometimes be se5 9 ! ,fr5* ,gall]y1 ! ,hanov] ,gall]y & at ,g\pil's1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t great z ,corot is1 !re is mu* ( 8 "w t is bad4 ,sid5ote3 ,daubigny4 ,ano!r great pa9t] is ,daubigny1 a contempor>y ( ,corot's1 & ?\gh n su* a subtle obs]v] z ,corot1 /ill he is a pa9t] ^: "w has _h great influ5ce & w live ?\gh x has be5 surpass$ by y\ng] m54 ,sid5ote3 ,troyon4 ,troyon 0 ano!r :o l ,corot lov$ & /udi$ & pa9t$ f nature1 b he lack$ ! insight into nature t ,corot _h1 & 8 "w is n z true z t ( 8 contempor>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,millet4 ,at l5g?1 h[ev]1 we arrive at an ,immortal "n1 t ( ,jean ,franois ,millet4 ,?is great man mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) two ,jean ,franois ,millets :o liv$ ye>s be=e1 & :o 7 n arti/s at all ?\gh pa9t]s4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ,j4 ,f4 ,millet ! ,great1 is wor?y ( /udy4 ,let ! /ud5t seize e *ance ( /udy+ 8 works1 *ances :i* w1 alas6 be r>e en\gh z _m ( 8 be/ pictures are 9 ,am]ica & mo/ ( ! o!rs 9 ,france4 ,8 pa/els & wat]-col\rs are n v good1 b 8 et*+s :i* 7reproduc$7 c be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 are valuable = /r5g? & p[]4 ,"h is a directness ( expression nev] surpass$4 ,be=e leav+ him we w quote a few passages f 8 lett]s3-- ,sid5ote3 ,j4 ,f4 ,millet4 8,i !re=e conc$e t ! beautiful is ! suitable4444 ,und]/& t ,i d n speak ( absolute beauty1 = ,i d n "k :at x is1 & x seems to me only a trem5d\s joke4 ,i ?9k p :o ?9k & talk ab\t x d s because !y h no eyes = natural objects2 !y are /ultifi$ by #8f9i%$ art1' & ?9k nature n ri* en\gh to furni% all ne$s4 ,good p1 !y poetize in/ead ( be+ poets4 ,*>act]ize6 t is ! object4 8,:5 ,p\ss9 s5t to ,m4 de ,*antelon 8 picture ( ! #8,manna1' he did n say1 #8,look1 :at f9e pte6 ,isn't x swell8 ,isn't x tip-top8' or any ( ?is k9d ( ?+ :i* s _m pa9t]s seem to consid] ( su* value1 ?\gh ,i _c see :y !y %\ld4 ,he says3 #8,if y rememb] ! fir/ lett] :i* ,i wrote to y ab\t ! movem5t ( ! figures :i* ,i promis$ y to put 91 & if y look at ! :ole picture ,i ?9k y w easily und]/& :i* are ^? :o langui%1 :i* are fill$ ) admiration1 ^? :o pity1 ^? :o act f *>ity1 f great necessity1 f desire1 f ! wi% to satiate !mselves1 & o!rs--= ! fir/ sev5 figures on ! left h& w tell y all t is writt5 above1 & all ! re/ is ( ! same k9d6' 8,v few pa9t]s are suffici5tly c>eful z to ! effect ( a picture se5 at a di/ance great en\gh to see all at once1 & z a :ole4 ,ev5 if a picture comes toge!r z x %\ld1 y he> p say1 #8,yes1 b :5 y come ne> x is n f9i%$6' ,!n ( ano!r1 :i* does n look l any?+ at ! di/ance f :i* x %\ld be se51 #8,b look at x ne> by2 see h[ x is f9i%$6' ,no?+ c\nts except ! fundam5tal4 ,if a tailor tries on a coat1 he /&s (f at a di/ance en\gh to see ! fit4 ,if he likes ! g5]al look1 x is "t en\gh !n to exam9e ! details2 b if he %\ld be satisfi$ ) mak+ f9e button-holes & o!r accessories1 ev5 if !y 7 *efs-d'uvre1 on a badly-cut coat1 he w none ! less h made a bad job4 ,is n ?is true ( a piece ( ar*itecture1 or ( any?+ else8 ,x is ! mann] ( conception ( a "w :i* %\ld /rike u fir/1 & no?+ ought to g outside ( t4 ,x is an atmosph]e beyond :i* no?+ c exi/4 ,!re %\ld be a milieu ( "o k9d or ano!r1 b t :i* is adopt$ %\ld rule4 8,z confirmation to ! proposition t details are only ! complem5t ( ! fundam5tal con/ruction1 ,p\ss9 says1 #8,be+ flut$ 7pila/]s7 & ri* 9 !mselves1 we %\ld be c>eful n to spoil _! beauty by ! confusion ( ornam5t1 = su* accessories & incid5tal subord9ate p>ts are n adapt$ to works ^: pr9cipal features are already beautiful1 unless ) great prud5ce & judgm5t1 9 ord] t ?is may give grace & elegance1 = ornam5ts 7 only inv5t$ to modify a c]ta9 sev]ity :i* con/itutes pure ar*itecture4' 8,we %\ld accu/om ourselves to receive f nature all our impressions1 :atev] !y may be1 & :atev] temp]am5t we may h4 ,we %\ld be saturat$ & impregnat$ ) h]1 & ?9k :at %e wi%es to make u ?9k4 ,truly1 %e is ri* en\gh to supply u all4 ,& :5ce1 %\ld we draw1 if n f ! f\nta9-head8 ,:y = ev] urge1 z a supreme aim to be rea*$1 t :i* ! great m9ds h already discov]$ 9 h]1 because !y h ru9$ h] ) con/ancy & lab\r1 z ,palissy says8 ,b nev]!less1 !y h no "r to dictate = mank9d "o example = ev]4 ,by t means ! productions ( "o man w\ld become ! type & ! aim ( all ! productions ( ! future4 8,m5 ( g5ius are gift$ ) a sort ( div9+-rod2 "s discov] 9 nature ?is1 o!rs t1 accord+ to _! k9d ( sc5t4 ,_! productions assure y t he :o f9ds is =m$ to f9d2 b x is funny to see h[1 :5 ! treasure is une>!d1 p come = ages to scrat* at t "o hole4 ,! po9t is to "k :]e to f9d truffles4 ,a dog :o has n sc5t w be b a poor hunt] if he c only run at sight ( ano!r :o sc5ts ! game1 & :o1 ( c\rse1 mu/ always be ! fir/4 ,& if we only hunt ?r\gh imitativ5ess1 we _c run ) mu* _s1 = x is impossible to be en?usia/ic ab\t no?+4 ,f9ally1 m5 ( g5ius h ! mission to %[1 out ( ! ri*es ( nature1 only t :i* !y are p]mitt$ to take away1 & to %[ !m to ^? :o w\ld n h suspect$ _! pres5ce1 nor ev] f\nd !m1 z !y h n ! necess>y faculties4 ,!y s]ve z translators & int]pret]s to ^? :o _c und]/& h] language4 ,!y c say1 l ,palissy1 #8,y see ^! ?+s 9 my cab9et4' ,!y1 too1 may say1 #8,if y give y\rself up to nature1 z we h done1 %e w let y take away ( ^! treasures accord+ to y\r p[]s4 ,y only ne$ intellig5ce & good w4' 8,x mu/ be an enorm\s vanity or an enorm\s folly t makes c]ta9 m5 believe t !y c rectify ! pret5d$ lack ( ta/e or ! errors ( ,nature4 ,on :at au?ority d !y lean8 ,) !m :o d n love h]1 & :o d n tru/ h]1 %e does n let h]self be und]/ood1 & retires into h] %ell4 ,%e mu/ be con/ra9$ & res]v$ ) !m4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 !y say1 #8,! grapes are gre54 ,s9ce we _c rea* !m1 let u speak ill ( !m4' ,we might "h apply ! words ( ! prophet1 #8,god resi/e? ! pr\d1 & give? grace to ! humble4' 8,nature gives h]self to ^? :o take ! tr\ble to c\rt h]1 b %e wi%es to be lov$ exclusively4 ,we love c]ta9 works only because !y proce$ f h]4 ,e o!r "w is p$antic & empty4 8,we c />t f any po9t & arrive at ! sublime1 & all is prop] to be express$1 provid$ our aim is high en\gh4 ,!n :at y love ) ! greate/ passion & p[] becomes a beauty ( y\r own1 :i* imposes itself ^u o!rs4 ,let ea* br+ 8 own4 ,an impression dem&s expression1 & especially requires t :i* is capable ( %[+ x mo/ cle>ly & /rongly4 ,! :ole ars5al ( nature has ev] be5 at ! comm& ( /rong m51 & _! g5ius has made !m take1 n ! ?+s :i* are conv5tionally call$ ! mo/ beautiful1 b ^? :i* suit$ be/ _! places4 ,9 its own "t & place1 has n ev]y?+ its "p to play8 ,:o %all d>e to say t a potato is inf]ior to a pomegranate8 8,decad5ce set 9 :5 p began to believe t art1 :i* %e 7,nature7 _h made1 0 ! supreme end2 :5 su* & su* an arti/ 0 tak5 z a model & aim )\t rememb]+ t he _h 8 eyes fix$ on inf9ity4 8,!y /ill spoke ( ,nature1 b meant !reby only ! life-model :i* !y us$1 b f :om !y got no?+ b conv5tionalities4 ,if1 = in/ance1 !y _h to pa9t a figure out ( doors1 !y /ill copi$1 = ! purpose1 a model light$ by a /udio light1 )\t appe>+ to dream t x _h no relation to ! lum9\s diffusion ( light out ( doors--a pro( t !y 7 n mov$ by a v deep emotion1 :i* w\ld h prev5t$ arti/s f be+ satisfi$ ) s little4 ,=1 z ! spiritual c only be express$ by ! obs]vation ( objects 9 _! true/ aspect1 ?is physical untru? annihilat$ all o!rs4 ,!re is no isolat$ tru?4 8,! mom5t t a man c\ld d some?+ ma/]ly 9 pa9t+1 x 0 call$ good4 ,if he _h great anatomical k1 he made t pre-em95t1 & 0 greatly prais$ = x1 )\t ?9k+ t ^! f9e acquirem5ts ought to s]ve1 z inde$ all o!rs %\ld1 to express ! ?\ghts ( ! m9d4 ,!n1 in/ead ( ?\ghts1 he w\ld h a programme4 ,a subject w\ld be s\ght :i* w\ld give him a *ance to exhibit c]ta9 ?+s :i* came easie/ to 8 h&4 ,f9ally1 in/ead ( mak+ "o's k ! humble s]vant ( "o's ?\ght1 on ! contr>y1 ! ?\ght 0 suffocat$ "u ! display ( a noisy clev]ness4 ,ea* ey$ 8 neighb\r1 & 0 full ( en?usiasm = a mann]40 ,sid5ote3 ,ba/i5-,lepage4 ,ba/i5-,lepage we _h judg$ f reproductions1 b we f9d lately1 on see+ "s ( 8 "w1 t we _h all along misjudg$ him1 ?9k+ him a mu* great] pa9t] ?an he really is4 ,?is /udy ( ,ba/i5-,lepage has be5 a revelation to u ( ! q mislead+ & dang]\s p[] ( reproductions ( a pa9t]'s "w 9 black & :ite4 ,all ! black & :ite reproductions t we h se5 ( ?is pa9t]'s "w give ! impression ( mu* great] "w ?an ! orig9als really are1 & we w\ld caution all our read]s aga9/ judg+ ( any pa9t]'s or sculptor's "w by a reproduction by any me?od1 f et*+ to *eap wood-cutt+1 = !y may be woefully misl$4 ,we feel sure ^! reproductions--no matt] ( :at k9d--w h a v h>mful effect on art1 & w give q wrong op9ions ( "w2 & !y are1 no matt] ( :at k9d1 :e!r et*+1 engrav+1 photo-et*+1 woodcut1 or photograph1 to be /rongly condemn$4 ,ba/i5-,lepage is n ev5 always /rong 9 draw+1 & 8 s5tim5t is (t5 false1 untrue1 & brutal1 & n ne>ly s f9e z ,c\rbet's s5tim5t1 yet ,c\rbet's prec$$ him2 he 0 b a foll[]1 :]e ,c\rbet 0 a lead]4 ,sid5ote3 ,breton & ,lh]mitte4 ,( ! old] liv+ pa9t]s1 ,jules ,breton & ,lh]mitte /& out z /rong m52 b ,breton has long ago be5 pass$1 & ,lh]mitte is n ! man he 01 b "s ( ,lh]mitte's "w w live always4 ,!re is a rem>kably f9e ,lh]mitte 9 ! ,luxemb\rg1 :i* e "o %\ld try & see4 ,bo? are naturali/ic pa9t]s4 ,( o!r liv+ pa9t]s mu* might be writt51 = !y1 9 our op9ion1 repres5t ! acme ( pa9t+ & its highe/ developm5t4 ,we feel t we nev] saw pa9t+ done to p]fection until we saw ! ,p>is ,salon1 & we /rongly recomm5d all read]s ( ?is book1 aft] !y h /udi$ ! pictures & sculptures "h ref]r$ to1 & h "s insight into nature1 to make )\t fail a ye>ly pilgrimage to ! ,fr5* ,salon1 :]e !y w see pa9t+ at its highe/ developm5t1 ?\gh ( c\rse !re is mu* bad "w 9 ! ,salon1 z at o!r exhibitions4 ,! m>vell\s pa/el "w1 aqu>elles1 & *>coal draw+s w all %[ !m h[ immeasurably beh9d ,france1 ,engl& is 9 all ! pictorial arts4 ,engli%m5 d n "k :at draw+ is--!re9 lies ! cause ( _! failure4 ,?is v ye> we w5t to ! ,academy ! day aft] see+ ! ,salon1 & :at a fall 0 !re6 ,( liv+ ,fr5* pa9t]s ! "w ! /ud5t %\ld c>efully /udy is t ( ,meissoni]1#i ,cabanel1 ,c>olus ,duran1 ,pel\se1 ,protais1 ,detaille1 ,p]r&eau1 ,d\cet1 ,petitjean1 ,busson1 ,l&elle1 ,appian1 ,caz91 ,h>pignies1 ,la ,t\*e1 ,lansy]1 ,le ,r\x1 ,c4,m4,g41 ,abraham1 ,an?oniss51 ,moreau de ,t\rs1 ,nys1 ,nobillet1 ,m>9i]1 ,mi*el ,m4 ,japy1 ,c>ne1 ,vallois1 ,jan-,mon*ablon1 ,j\b]t1 ,b\*]1 ,j4 ,f41 ,cabrit1 ,durot1 ,poi!v91 ,beauvais1 ,d5ant1 ,duf\r1 & _m o!rs ^: names we =get = ! mom5t1 b1 be x said1 all naturali/ic pa9t]s to a m>vell\s degree4 ----- ,footnote #i3 ,n[ dead4 ----- ,?is br+s u to ! end1 s we w leave pa9t+ ) ,france 9 ! van & ,holl& & ,belgium closely foll[+ & ,am]ica & ,engl& fl\nd]+ 9 ! re> ( ^! ?ree1 = we are no believ]s 9 ! tall talk ( ! greatness ( ! imm$iate future ( ,engli% pa9t+1 ?\gh !re is good hope s9ce an e>ne/ & s9c]e b& ( "y arti/s has aris5 9 ,engl& ^: wat*word is 8,naturalism40 ,,sculpture4 ,) sculpture ! same old /ory greets u t we meet ) 9 ! hi/ory ( pa9t+4 ,aft] ! ma/]pieces ( ,greece come ! pu]ile conv5tionalities ( ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,sid5ote3 ,niccola ,pisano4 ,b z we h hi!rto done s %all we cont9ue--t is1 we %all discuss ! ma/]s only1 & ! fir/ we come to is ,niccola ,pisano4 ,?\gh 8 "w %[s t he 0 /ill imbu$ ) ! _s ( classicism1 yet he /ruggl$ to ?r[ (f ! p>alyz+ conv5tionality ( s]vile imitation1 & tri$ h>d to get back to nature1 & "s ( 8 sculptures 9 ,pisa are wond]ful = expression4 ,he 0 ! pione] :]e foll[$ ! great ,donatello4 ,pisano's son work$ 9 ! same direction z 8 fa!r1 & has left "s wond]ful ar*itectural monum5ts & sculptures1 b 8 fame re/s *iefly on 8 ar*itectural works1 ) :i* we are n "h conc]n$4 ,sid5ote3 ,&rea & ,n9o ,pisano4 ,&rea & ,n9o ,pisano made great /rides t[>ds tru? & naturalness1 & s pav$ ! way = ! great man to come4 ,sid5ote3 ,ghib]ti4 ,!y 7 imm$iately foll[$ by ,ghib]ti1 :o sp5t _m ye>s ( 8 life 9 work+ at ! well-kn[n mighty doors ( ! bapti/]y at ,pisa4 ,^! great gates1 h[ev]1 %[ no subtlety ( ! sculptor's art4 ,tonality !re is none2 ! :ole is r a k9d ( emblematic picture-writ+ ?an sculpture1 b ,ghib]ti says he sp5t 8 "t 9 8/udy+ nature & inve/igat+ h] me?ods ( "w10 s t ev5 ?\gh he did n succe$1 nature 0 8 wat*word4 ,sid5ote3 ,donatello4 ,b all ^! s9k into insignificance be=e ! mighty "n ( ,donatello4 ,l all true & great arti/s1 ,donatello appreciat$ ! limits ( 8 art1 made naturalism 8 wat*word1 & foll[$ 8 pr9ciples ) s9c]ity4 ,:il/ we are n[ writ+1 ! wond]ful l[ relief ( ,/4 ,cecilia1 :i* is on view at ,burl+ton ,h\se1 is fre% 9 our m9d4 ,!re is ! "w 9 d>k m>ble1 look+ z fre%1 beautiful1 lifelike1 & arti/ic1 z x did ! day x left ! arti/'s h&4 ,:at simplicity1 :at tru? ( impression1 & :at subtle tonality is !re se56 ,^? :o rememb] ?is ma/]piece may h notic$ ! way 9 :i* ! outl9e ( ! neck is rais$1 & h[ untrue x look$ close to2 b at a di/ance ! impression 0 p]fect1 & ! sugge/ion ( %ad[ mo/ beautifully r5d]$4 ,t ! modell+ ( ! m\? is feeble is obvi\s1 b :]e is p]fection8 ,ca/s ( ?is "w c be _h = a m]e trifle f ,bruciani1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 & we /rongly recomm5d ^? :o h n se5 ! orig9al to get "o1 = a sugge/ion ( su* "w is bett] ?an a gall]y ( tra%4 ,!re is ano!r f9e specim5 ( ,donatello's "w 9 l[ relief at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 b 9 t !re is ! m>k ( ! allegorical1 & x j misses ! di/+ui%$ & simple "* ( ! ,/4 ,cecilia4 ,we d n c>e = 8 ,judi? & ,hol(]nes1 ?\gh x is "o ( ! mo/ not$ ( 8 works1 & owes its r5[n m to its hi/orical association ?an to its arti/ic qualities4 ,:]e ,donatello reli$ on nature1 h[ev]1 8 "w is unsurpass$ = tru? & subtlety4 ,x 0 natural t su* a great man %\ld h _m foll[]s1 b1 l mo/ imitators ( g5ius1 !y copi$ 8 bad po9ts & none ( 8 good ones1 = ^! !y c\ld n atta9 to1 n be+ g5iuses !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,vittore ,pisano4 ,! wond]ful m$als ( ,vittore ,pisano or ,pisanello mu/ n be =gott51 z !y are well wor?y ( /udy4 ,! /ud5t c get ca/s ( mo/ ( ^! = a trifl+ sum1 & we /rongly recomm5d him to buy a few ca/s ( ,pisanello's m$als4 ,sid5ote3 ,della ,robbia4 ,! "w ( ! ,della ,robbia family is s well kn[n t we mu/ t\* ^u x1 al?\gh = mo/ ( x we c>e little or no?+1 ! m$ium1 a glaz$ t]racotta1 be+ unnatural4 ,lucca1 ! greate/ ( ! family1 work$1 h[ev]1 at fir/ 9 m>ble4 ,"h & !re 9 8 "w "o meets ) a beautiful face1 & (t5 ) f9e expressions1 b ! :ole lacks simplicity & f95ess4 ,he 0 m a decorative arti/ ?an a sculptor4 ,sid5ote3 ,m4 ,angelo4 ,cell9i4 ,canova4 ,( ,mi*ael ,angelo we h spok54 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 a "n well kn[n1 0 a ma/] 9 gold-work+1 b h>dly a sculptor4 ,_m less] names foll[1 b no immortal is aga9 se5 9 ,italy2 = ?\gh ,canova made a "n ( "s sort1 he 0 no ma/]4 ,aft] ,mi*ael ,angelo came imitation & decl9e4 ,neglect ( nature1 toge!r ) patronage1 kill$ ! sp>k ( art1 & s ?or\ghly kill$ x t ev5 writ]s on art :o _h no art-tra9+ 7 li/5$ to1 z ,w9ckelmann & ,less+1 ,sid5ote3 ,?orwalds54 b _! "w only produc$ an artificial afflatus1 z ,canova & ,?orwalds5 prov$1 = bo? 7 small m51 false 9 s5tim5t1 & ) little or no insight into nature4 ,we say ?is advis$ly1 aft] see+ mu* ( ,canova's "w & ne>ly all t ( ,?orwalds54 ,!re is no nature 9 _! works1 b 9 addition to a classical s5tim5t a pu]ile realism :i* is /ill 9 vogue 9 ,italy to-day 9 su* "w z a ,pe>s delights 91 8,y ,dirty ,boy0 & o!r trivialities4 ,engl&1 ,spa91 ,holl&1 & ,am]ica seem1 up to ! pres5t1 n to h produc$ a s+le sculptor1 b1 9 our humble op9ion1 ! "y sculptors ( ,engl& w lead ! way 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury1 & ! _w may look = ! adv5t ( an immortal ma/] & = "w :i* w surpass ! ,greeks4 ,sid5ote3 ,mod]n ,fr5* sculptors4 ,at pres5t ,france leads ! way1 & has "s /rong m5 9 ,j\ffrey1 ,aub1 ,falguire1 ,rod92 b !re1 too1 ! t5d5cy seems to be t[>ds a fumbl+ realism & petty motif4 ,!re is mu* talk ( ,fr5* sculpture be+ 9 advance ( ,fr5* pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,future ( ,engli% sculpture4 ,we d n believe x1 & we feel t ,engl& is at pres5t ! only c\ntry :]e !re is any di/9ct & orig9al s*ool ( sculpture1 ) su* modell]s z ,gilb]t & ,onsl[ ,=d1 & ) su* a sculptor z ,hav>d ,?omas1 to say no?+ ( y\ng] m51 ! outlook is v bright inde$4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9al advice4 ,& n[ we mu/ end ! *apt] ) ! f9al advice to ! /ud5t to /udy deeply all good examples ( ! great arti/s ^: "w we h not$1 & to leave all o!rs alone4 ,by & by ! /ud5t w f9d t he is 9 a position to comp>e ! good ) ! bad1 !n w x be "t en\gh = him to look at ! second-rate "w1 mu* ( :i* conta9s f9e passages "h & !re & special m]its ( its own2 b ^! _c be appreciat$ until ! /ud5t has consid]able k1 & t is only to be obta9$ by a s]i\s /udy ( nature & ( ! "w ( ! be/ ma/]s "h cit$4 ,sid5ote3 ,b>omet] ( naturalism4 ,f9ally1 we ?9k we h %[n t 8,naturalism0 has be5 ! wat*word ( all ! be/ arti/s1 & t1 aft] all1 !re are b few arti/s 9 any age4 ,_m pa9t]s & modell]s & sculptors !re be1 b arti/s are few inde$4 ,"o po9t :i* has impress$ u 9 ! inquiry into naturali/ic art is ! curi\s regul>ity ) :i* s-call$ 8imag9ative0 pa9t]s h appe>$ & made reputations = !mselves 9 ! aft]-gl[1 s to speak1 ( ! sett+ sun ( naturalism4 ,x w\ld appe> t pa9t]s :o h liv$ 9 an age ( /rong m5 h got fairly /agg]$ by ! good naturali/ic "w ( _! age1 & h in/9ctively felt t1 be+ no mat* = ! great ma/]s on _! own l9es1 t _! only way to fame & =tune is by ecc5tricity1 & 9 assum+ a sup]ior tone ( culture by ! production ( allegorical or classical inanities4 ,! un$ucat$ ( _! own g5]ation1 ?or\ghly tir$ ( a naturalism ^: aim !y h nev] und]/ood1 hail ) delight any novelty or new dep>ture1 & !y praise pu]ility & fals5ess ( col\r z col\r1 false draw+ z idealiz+1 conv5tional composition z orig9al1 ! conv5tional & mod]n treatm5t ( drap]ies b5ea? :i* no anatomy is disc]nible z an idealiz$ & poetic treatm5t ( drap]y1 & f9ally1 9 ! subject ( ! picture !y (t5 mi/ake s5tim5tality = s5tim5t & s5tim5t = poetry4 ,?us ^! weak] m5 rise to fame1 & _m foll[ :]e !y lead4 ,b ! g5]ation :i* gave !m fame dies1 & a new g5]ation1 :i* has =gott5 ! triumph ( ! naturali/ic ma/]s ( ! pa/ g5]ation1 we>ies ( !m1 & naturali/ic "w is aga9 appreciat$4 ,! /ory ( art seems to u l ! m]cury 9 a b>omet]1 ev] oscillat+ upw>ds & d[nw>ds1 ev] up t[>ds ! acme ( naturalism1 & ev] d[n t[>ds ! abyss ( conv5tionality & classicism4 ,if we m5tally map out ! read+s ( ?is b>omet] on a *>t1 we %all f9d naturalism triumphant z ! apex ( ea* curve1 :il/ 9 ! asc5d+ curve w be f\nd ! /ruggl]s t[>ds naturalism1 & 9 ! desc5d+ curve ! fall]s away f naturalism4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ma/]s4 ,on ! apices ( ^! curves w be f\nd triumphant ! ma/]s1 su* z ! sculptors ( ! ,egyptian lions1 ! sculptors ( ! ,assyrian lion-hunts1 ,pheidias1 ,van ,eyck1 ,dur]1 ,holbe91 ,da ,v9ci1 ,titian1 ,velasquez1 ,donatello1 ,rembr&t1 ,de ,hooghe1 ,corot1 ,millet1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 & ,:i/l]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,ph5om5a ,,( ,,sight1 ,,& ,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,d$uc$ ,,!refrom4 ,sid5ote3 ,introduction4 ,hav+ ?us demon/rat$ t ! be/ arti/s h always tri$ to int]pret nature1 & express by _! art an impression ( nature z ne>ly z possible simil> to t made on ! ret9a ( ! human eye1 x w be well to inquire on sci5tific gr\nds :at ! normal human eye really does see4 ,sid5ote3 ,! argum5t4 ,our cont5tion is t a picture %\ld be a translation ( a sc5e z se5 by ! normal human eye4 ,t ! impression w v>y ) individuals1 !re is no d\bt1 = ! arti/ w see subtleties nev] dream$ ( by ! commonplace or un$ucat$ eye1 & 8 aim w1 ( c\rse1 be to portray ^? subtleties 9 8 picture1 & h5ce "o s\rce ( individuality 9 a "w1 ano!r be+ 9 ! way 9 :i* x is done4 ,our task n[ %all be to exam9e into ! physical1 physiological & psy*ological prop]ties ( sight1 & to arrive at a conclusion1 9 s f> z sci5ce all[s u1 z to h[ ! normal eye does see ?+s4 ,! /ud5t w d well to read ,*apt] ,,ii4 ( ,book ,,iii4 ( ,dr4 ,mi*ael ,fo/]'s 8,text ,book ( ,physiology10 z well z ! matt] on ! eye 9 ,ganot's ,physics1 be=e go+ any fur!r 9 ?is *apt]1 = we d n wi% to g ov] gr\nd :i* has be5 occupi$ previ\sly1 our aim be+ to give a view f ! arti/ic /&po9t ( ! physical1 physiological1 & psy*ological prop]ties ( eyesight4 ,we w1 !n1 proce$ to consid] h[ well we see ext]nal nature1 t is1 )9 :at limits1 = we nev] see h] exactly z %e is1 z we %all %[4 ,sid5ote3 ,optic n]ves4 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 ! ret9al n]ves are /rictly res]v$ to respond to ! vibrations ( e!r--call$ light4 ,if ! /ud5t has ev] _h a bl[ on 8 eye1 he has probably se5 8/>s10 because e /imulus to ?is pair ( n]ves makes u see ?+s1 & n feel !m4 ,n[ ea* s5se has c]ta9 limits betwe5 :i* x c detect subtle vibrations1 b beyond :i* all is blank4 ,! m ref9$ ! organization ( ! p]son1 ! great] w be ! numb] ( vibrations he c di/+ui%4 ,?us #cii1jjj1jjj1jjj vibrations 9 a second produce 9 u ! s5sation ( light1 above ?is ! vibrations appe> z spectral col\rs until ! numb] #hca1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj is rea*$2 to an increase 9 ! numb] ( vibrations above t numb] ! optic n]ve does n respond4 ,n[ ! eye is an optical app>atus fix$ betwe5 ! bra9 & ! e!r1 n t we may p]ceive light1 = we c\ld d t )\t ! eye1 b t we may di/+ui% objects4 ,! glyptic & pictorial arts are f\nd$ entirely on ! s5se ( sight z music is f\nd$ on ! s5se ( he>+4 ,9 ! pictorial arts1 !n1 we mu/ cle>ly di/+ui% betwe5 ! physical1 physiological1 & psy*ological prop]ties ( sight4 ,sid5ote3 ,le ,conte's division4 ,le ,conte divides ! sci5tific1 i4e4 physical & physiological data1 into3 ,a4 ,light2 ,b4 ,direction ( ,light2 ,c4 ,int5sity2 ,d4 ,col\r2 & ! psy*ological data into ,b9ocul> vision1 size1 solidity1 & dep?4 ,foll[+ up ,le ,conte's s*eme1 let u beg91 !n1 to discuss briefly ! sci5tific data1 t is1 consid]+ ! app>atus purely f ! /&po9t ( physics & physiology4 ,a4 ,,light4 ,sid5ote3 ,light4 ,i4 ,physical *>act]s ( ! eye z an optical in/rum5t4 ,if a ray ( light passes ?r\gh a small hole into a d>k5$ room 7p9-hole cam]a71 an image is =m$ ( ! object or objects )\t4 ,! condition ( a good def9ition ( ! image is t 8all ! rays f ea* po9t on ! object mu/ be c>ri$ to its own po9t on ! image40 ,if ?is hole be enl>g$1 ?is condition is impossible1 & ! light spreads ov] c]ta9 areas call$ diffusion areas or diffusion circles4 ,9 o!r words1 widely div]g5t rays & contigu\s rays become mix$4 ,to admit m light a l5s is us$ 9 ! eye1 & by ! photograph]1 = al?\gh x is possible 7by p9-hole cam]a7 to take pictures )\t a l5s1 ! light s admitt$ is necess>ily s limit$ t ! exposure ne$$ is too long4 ,! l5s1 h[ev]1 helps u by admitt+ m light1 & at ! same "t giv+ bett] def9ition1 b x also introduces _m disadvantages & s\rces ( error4 ,n[ a !oretically p]fect physical image has be5 describ$ by physici/s z be+ bo? bright & %>p 9 def9ition1 b ! !oretically p]fect image does n exi/2 =1 ap>t f o!r consid]ations1 ! l5s :i* we use to get microscopic %>pness1 cuts (f light1 & ! %>p] ! image is r5d]$ by /ops1 ! less brightness d we get4 ,?us we see ! l5s introduces scores ( errors z well z desirable qualities4 ,9 ! human & photographic l5ses ! *ief faults are3-- ,sid5ote3 ,disp]sion4 ,disp]sion4 ,all refraction or b5d+ ( light by a l5s is accompani$ by disp]sion4 ,?is error is correct$ 9 opticians' l5ses to a great ext5t4 ,9 ! human eye1 h[ev]1 ?is fault is 9 "s degree pres5t1 z c be prov$ by look+ at a light$ /reet lamp ?r\gh a violet glass1 :5 a r$ flame w be se5 surr\nd$ by a blui%-violet halo4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! effect ( disp]sion on our !oretically p]fect image8 ,x is slight blurr+ ( ! %>pness ( outl9e1 s9ce ! size & position ( ! optical images ?r[n by ! diff]5tly b5t rays is n ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,sph]ical ab]ration4 ,a l5s hav+ a sph]ical surface b5ds ! rays s t !y d n all come to a focus at ! same po9t4 ,:at is ! effect ( ?is on our !oretically p]fect image8 ,aga9 x is slight blurr+ ( ! %>pness ( outl9e4 ,x is said ! sph]ical ab]ration 9 a p]fectly correct$ optician's l5s is less ?an t 9 ! l5s ( ! human eye4 ,?is mu/ be rememb]$ 9 connection ) our lat] rem>ks4 ,9 ! l[] animals1 sph]ical ab]ration is ne>ly abs5t4 ,_! vision !re=e is m p]iscopic1 & !re=e m l t ( an optician's l5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,a/igmatism4 ,?is defect c be avoid$ 9 ! optician's l5s1 b x exi/s 91 & is a s]i\s fault (1 ! human eye4 ,helmholtz consid]s ! am\nt ( sph]ical ab]ration unimportant z comp>$ ) ?is defect4 ,a/igmatism is ! result ( imp]fect symmetrical curvature ( ! cornea & ( imp]fect c5t]+ ( ! cornea & l5s4 ,?is defect is f\nd 9 mo/ human eyes4 ,a/igmatism prev5ts ! eye see+ v]tical & horizontal l9es at ! same di/ance p]fectly cle>ly at once4 ,! defect 9 c5t]+ also causes irregul> radiation1 s t1 z ,helmholtz says1 8,! images ( an illum9at$ po9t z ! human eye br+s !m to focus1 are inaccurate40 ,:at is ! effect ( ^? defects on ! 8p]fect image08 ,dimness ( outl9e & detail 9 ! textures ( objects se54 ,sid5ote3 ,turbidity4 ,! optician's l5s is made ( pure glass1 ! m$ia ( ! human eye are n cle>1 b slightly turbid1 s t ,helmholtz says1 8,! obscurity ( d>k objects :5 se5 ne> v bright ones dep5ds ess5tially on ?is defect4 ,?is defect is mo/ app>5t 9 ! blue & violet rays ( ! sol> spectrum2 = !n comes 9 ! ph5om5a ( fluoresc5ce to increase x40 ,sid5ote3 ,fluoresc5ce4 ,by fluoresc5ce is meant ! prop]ty :i* c]ta9 m9utely divid$ sub/ances possess ( becom+ fa9tly lum9\s1 s long z !y receive violet & blue light4 ,! bottles fill$ ) solution conta9+ qu99e1 :i* look blue 9 ! *emi/s' w9d[s1 owe _! col\r to ?is fact1 z also does ! blu5ess ( 8,london0 milk4 ,^! defects1 comb9$ ) entoptic impurities :i* are con/antly float+ ab\t 9 ! hum\rs1 all help to detract f ! brightness & %>pness ( ! 8p]fect image40 ,sid5ote3 ,bl9d spot4 ,?is is a portion ( ! ret9al field ) no cones or rods1 & !re=e ins5sitive to light4 ,?is causes a gap 9 ! field ( vision4 8,?is bl9d spot is s l>ge t x might prev5t our see+ elev5 full moons if plac$ side by side1 or a man's face at a di/ance ( only six or sev5 feet10 says ,helmholtz4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !re are less] gaps 9 ! ret9al field1 due to ! cutt+ (f ( light by ! %ad[s ?r[n by ! blood vessels4 ,any "o :o has exam9$ ! ret9al field ) an oph?almoscope kn[s :at ?is means4 ,sid5ote3 ,macula lutea4 ,9 addition to ?is ! macula lutea is less s5sitive to weak light ?an o!r p>ts ( ! ret9a4 ,! effect ( all ^! imp]fections is to blur & dull ! p]fect image4 ,! s]i\s defects due to ! bl9d spot are n notic$1 accord+ to ,helmholtz1 because 8we are cont9ually mov+ ! eye1 & also t ! imp]fections almo/ always affect ^? p>ts ( ! field to :i* we are n at ! mom5t direct+ our att5tion40 ,! italics are ours4 ,"h1 !n1 is ano!r great diff]5ce betwe5 ! eye & ! optician's l5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,focuss+4 ,! focus ( ! eye 9 a passive /ate is adju/$ to ! mo/ di/ant objects4 ,x focusses = ne>] objects by contract+ ! cili>y muscle :i* pulls tight ! zonule ( ,z9n & s curves ! cry/all9e l5s4 ,x c focus ?us up to )9 five in*es ( itself1 b ! *anges ( focus are almo/ imp]ceptible to ! eye beyond tw5ty feet4 ,n[ a !oretically p]fect eye might =m p]fect images ( objects at inf9ite di/ances :5 !re 7 no int]v5+ objects4 ,b z has already be5 %[n1 ! eye is v imp]fect1 & its images are n !re=e p]fect1 & x c\ld n =m !oretically p]fect images1 ev5 if ! atmosph]e 7 pure e!r & no?+ else1 = !re are o!r facts 9 nature :i* prev5t ?is2 ?us we _c see a %>p image ( ! sun ) ! nak$ eye on acc\nt ( its dazzl+ brightness4 ,sid5ote3 ,fovea c5tralis4 ,?is c5tral spot is a mo/ important factor 9 ! /udy ( sight & art4 ,= ?\gh ! field ( vision ( ! two eyes is m ?an #ahj lat]ally1 & #abj v]tically1 yet ! field ( di/9ct vision is b a fraction ( ?is field1 z we c all prove = ourselves4 ,n[ ! field ( di/9ct vision dep5ds on ! c5tral spots = ! reason t ! c5tral spot diff]s anatomically f ! re/ ( ! ret9a by ! abs5ce ( c]ta9 lay]s :i* we ne$ n specify "h4 ,! abs5ce ( ^! lay]s exposes ! ret9al bacill>y lay] to ! direct action ( light4 ,helmholtz says 8all o!r p>ts ( ! ret9al image beyond t :i* falls on ! c5tral spot are imp]fectly se510 s t ! image :i* we receive by ! eye is l a picture m9utely & elaborately f9i%$ 9 ! c5tre1 b only r\ghly sket*$ 9 at ! bord]s4 ,b al?\gh at ea* in/ant we only see a v small "p ( ! field ( vision accurately1 8we see ?is 9 comb9ation ) :at surr\nds x1 & en\gh ( ?is out] & l>g] "p ( ! field1 to notice any /rik+ object1 & p>ticul>ly any *ange t takes place 9 x40 ,if ! objects are small1 !y _c be disc]n$ ) ! re/ ( ! ret9a1 ?us1 to see a l>k 9 ! sky1 ,helmholtz says x mu/ be focuss$ on ! c5tral spot4 ,f9ally he says1 ,sid5ote3 ,direct & indirect vision4 8,to look at any?+ means to place ! eye 9 su* a position t ! image ( ! object falls on ! small region ( p]fectly cle> vision4 ,?is we may call direct vision1 apply+ ! t]m indirect to t ex]cis$ ) ! lat]al p>ts ( ! ret9a1 inde$ ) all except ! c5tral spot40 ,aga91 he says1 8,:atev] we want to see we look at & see x accurately2 :at we d n look at1 we d n z a rule c>e = at ! mom5t1 & s d n notice h[ imp]fectly we see x40 ,n[ all ?is is mo/ important 9 connection ) art1 z we %all %[ lat]1 we mu/ beg ! /ud5t !re=e to hold x fa/4 ,x w be se5 f all ?is t a p]fect p]iscopic image is nev] se5 by ! eye ( man1 ?\gh 9 "s ( ! l[] animals ! matt] may be diff]5t4 ,b4 ,,direction ,,( ,,light4 ,sid5ote3 ,law ( projection4 ,le ,conte says1 8,! ret9al image impresses ! ret9a 9 a def9ite way2 ?is impression is !n convey$ by ! optic n]ve to ! bra91 & det]m9es *anges !re1 def9ite 9 proportion to ! di/9ctness ( ! ret9al image1 & !n ! bra9 or ! m9d ref]s or projects ?is impression outw>d into space z an ext]nal image1 ! sign & facsimile ( an object :i* produces x40 ,n only does ?is hold good ( ext]nal images1 b 9 c]ta9 diseases ret9al impressions aris+ f )9 are project$ outw>ds1 ?us gho/s are se54 ,sid5ote3 ,correspond+ po9ts1 c4 8,f ,mll]'s law10 ,le ,conte fur!r says1 8x is evid5t t ea* po9t--e rod or cone--9 ! ret9a has its inv>iable correspond5t 9 ! visual field1 & vice v]s40 ,sid5ote3 ,law ( visible direction4 ,le ,conte's law ( visible direction /ates t1 8,:]e ! rays f any radiant /rike ! ret9a ! impression is ref]r$ back along ! ray l9e 7! c5tral ray ( ! p5cil7 into space1 & !re=e to its prop] place40 ,f ^! laws we und]/& :y we see ?+s 9 ! relative positions :i* !y occupy 9 space4 ,all ! previ\s rem>ks are applicable to monocul> vision4 ,c4 ,,int5sity4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5sity4 ,a quotation f ,helmholtz w be/ illu/rate ?is po9t4 ,he says1 8,if ! arti/ is to imitate exactly ! impression :i* ! object produces on our eye1 he ought to be able to dispose ( brightness & d>kness equal to t :i* nature (f]s4 ,b ( ?is !re c be no idea4 ,let me give a case 9 po9t4 ,let !re be 9 a picture-gall]y a des]t sc5e1 9 :i* a procession ( ,b$\9s1 %r\d$ 9 :ite1 & ( d>k negroes1 m>*es "u ! burn+ sun%9e2 close to x a blui% moonlight sc5e1 :]e ! moon is reflect$ 9 ! wat]1 & gr\ps ( trees1 & human =ms1 are se5 to be fa9tly indicat$ 9 ! d>kness4 ,y "k f exp]i5ce t bo? pictures1 if !y are well done1 c produce ) surpris+ vividness ! repres5tation ( _! objects2 & yet 9 bo? pictures ! brighte/ p>ts are produc$ ) ! same :ite lead1 :i* is b slightly alt]$ by admixtures2 :ile ! d>ke/ p>ts are produc$ ) black4 ,bo? be+ hung on ! same wall1 %>e ! same light1 & ! brighte/ z well z ! d>ke/ p>ts ( ! two sc>cely diff] z conc]ns ! degree ( _! brightness4 ,h[ is x1 h[ev]1 ) ! actual degrees ( brightness repres5t$4 ,! relation betwe5 ! lightness ( ! sun's light1 & t ( ! moon1 0 measur$ by ,wolla/on1 :o comp>$ _! int5sities ) t ( ! light ( c&les ( ! same mat]ial4 ,he ?us f\nd t ! lum9osity ( ! sun is #hjj1jjj times t ( ! brighte/ light ( a full moon4 ,an opaque body1 :i* is light$ f any s\rce :atev]1 c1 ev5 9 ! mo/ fav\rable case1 only emit z mu* light z falls ^u x4 ,yet1 f ,lamb]t's obs]vations1 ev5 ! :ite/ bodies only reflect ab\t two-fif?s ( ! incid5t light4 ,! sun's rays1 :i* proce$ p>allel f ! sun1 ^: diamet] is #he1jjj miles1 :5 !y rea* u1 are di/ribut$ uni=mly ov] a sph]e ( #aie millions ( miles 9 diamet]4 ,its d5sity & illum9at+ p[] is "h only "o-=ty-?\s&? ( t ) :i* x left ! sun's surface2 & ,lamb]t's numb] leads to ! conclusion t ev5 ! brighte/ :ite surface on :i* ! sun's rays fall v]tically1 has only ! "o-hundr$-?\s&? "p ( ! brightness ( ! sun's disk4 ,! moon1 h[ev]1 is a grey body1 ^: mean brightness is only ab\t "o-fif? t ( ! pure/ :ite4 ,& :5 ! moon irradiates a body ( ! pure/ :ite on ! e>?1 its brightness is only ! hundr$-?\s&? "p ( ! brightness ( ! moon itself2 h5ce ! sun's disk is #hj1jjj million times bright] ?an a :ite :i* is irradiat$ by ! full moon4 ,n[1 pictures :i* hang 9 a room are n light$ by ! direct light ( ! sun1 b by t :i* is reflect$ f ! sky & cl\ds4 ,i d n "k ( any direct measurem5ts ( ! ord9>y brightness ( ! light 9 a picture-gall]y2 b e/imates may be made f kn[n data4 ,) /rong upp] light1 & bright light f ! cl\ds1 ! pure/ :ite on a picture has probably #a-bj? ( ! brightness ( :ite directly light$ by ! sun2 x w g5]ally be only #a-dj?1 or ev5 less4 ,h5ce ! pa9t] ( ! des]t1 ev5 if he gives up ! repres5tation ( ! sun's disk1 :i* is always v imp]fect1 w h to repres5t ! gl>+ly light$ g>m5ts ( 8 ,b$\9s ) a :ite :i*1 9 ! mo/ fav\rable case1 %[s only ! #a-bj? "p ( ! brightness :i* corresponds to actual fact4 ,if he c\ld br+ x1 ) its light+ un*ang$1 into ! des]t ne> ! :ite !re1 x w\ld seem l a d>k grey4 ,i f\nd1 9 fact1 by an exp]im5t1 t lamp-black1 light$ by ! sun1 is n less ?an half z bright z %ad$ :ite 9 ! bright] "p ( a room4 ,on ! picture ( ! moon ! same :ite :i* has be5 us$ = depict+ ! ,b$\9s' g>m5ts mu/ be us$ = repres5t+ ! moon's disk1 & its reflection 9 ! wat]2 al?\gh ! real moon has only "o-fif? ( ?is brightness1 & its reflection 9 wat] /ill less4 ,h5ce :ite g>m5ts 9 moonlight1 or m>ble surfaces1 ev5 :5 ! arti/ gives !m a grey %ade1 w always be t5 to tw5ty times z bright 9 8 picture z !y are 9 reality4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! d>ke/ black :i* ! arti/ c\ld apply w\ld be sc>cely suffici5t to repres5t ! real illum9ation ( a :ite object on :i* ! moon %one4 ,= ev5 ! deade/ black coat+s ( lamp-black & black velvet1 :5 p[]fully light$1 appe> grey1 z we (t5 en\gh "k to our co/1 :5 we wi% to %ut (f sup]flu\s light4 ,i inve/igat$ a coat+ ( lamp-black1 & f\nd its brightness to be ab\t "o-hundr$? t ( :ite pap]4 ,! brighte/ col\rs ( a pa9t] are only ab\t "o hundr$ times z bright z 8 d>ke/ %ades4 ,! /atem5ts ,i h made may appe> exagg]at$4 ,b !y dep5d ^u measurem5ts1 & y c control !m by well-kn[n obs]vations4 ,accord+ to ,wolla/on1 ! light ( ! full moon is equal to t ( a c&le burn+ at a di/ance ( twelve feet4 ,n[1 assume t y sudd5ly g f a room 9 daylight to a vault p]fectly d>k1 ) ! exception ( ! light ( a s+le c&le4 ,y w\ld at fir/ ?9k y 7 9 absolute d>kness1 & at mo/ y w\ld only recognize ! c&le itself4 ,9 any case1 y w\ld n recognize ! slighte/ trace ( any objects at a di/ance ( ?irte5 feet f ! c&le4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are ! objects ^: illum9ation is ! same z t :i* ! moonlight gives4 ,y w\ld only become accu/om$ to ! d>kness aft] "s "t1 & y w\ld !n f9d y\r way ab\t )\t difficulty4 ,if n[1 y return to ! daylight1 :i* be=e 0 p]fectly com=table1 x w appe> s dazzl+ t y w1 p]haps1 h to close y\r eyes1 & only be able to gaze r\nd ) a pa9ful gl>e4 ,y see ?us t we are conc]n$ "h n ) m9ute1 b ) colossal1 diff]5ces4 ,h[ n[ is x possible t1 "u su* circum/ances1 we c imag9e !re is any simil>ity betwe5 ! picture & reality8 ,our discussion ( :at we did n see at fir/1 b c\ld aft]w>ds see 9 ! vault1 po9ts to ! mo/ important elem5t 9 ! solution2 x is ! v>y+ ext5t to :i* our s5ses are dead5$ by light2 a process to :i* we c atta* ! same "n1 fatigue1 z t = ! correspond+ "o 9 ! muscle4 ,any activity ( our n]v\s sy/em dim9i%es its p[] = ! "t be+4 ,! muscle is tir$ by "w1 ! bra9 is tir$ by ?9k+1 & by m5tal op]ations2 ! eye is tir$ by light1 & ! m s ! m p[]ful ! light4 ,fatigue makes x dull & ins5sitive to new impressions1 s t x appreciates /rong ones only mod]ately1 & weak ones n at all4 ,b n[ y see h[ diff]5t is ! aim ( ! arti/ :5 ^! circum/ances are tak5 into acc\nt4 ,! eye ( ! travell] 9 ! des]t1 :o is look+ at ! c>avan1 has be5 dull$ to ! la/ degree by ! dazzl+ sun%9e2 :ile t ( ! w&]] by moonlight has be5 rais$ to ! extreme ( s5sitiv5ess4 ,! condition ( "o :o is look+ at a picture diff]s f bo? ! above cases1 by possess+ a c]ta9 mean degree ( s5sitiv5ess4 ,accord+ly1 ! pa9t] mu/ endeav\r to produce by 8 col\rs1 on ! mod]ately s5sitive eye ( ! spectator1 ! same impression z t :i* ! des]t1 on ! "o h&1 produces on ! dead5$1 & ! moonlight1 on ! o!r h&1 creates on ! untir$ eye ( its obs]v]4 ,h5ce1 along ) ! actual lum9\s ph5om5a ( ! out] _w1 ! diff]5t physiological conditions ( ! eye play a mo/ important "p 9 ! "w ( ! arti/4 ,:at he has to give is n a m]e transcript ( ! object1 b a translation ( 8 impression into ano!r scale ( s5sitiv5ess1 :i* belongs to a diff]5t degree ( impressibility ( ! obs]v+ eye1 9 :i* ! organ speaks a v diff]5t dialect 9 respond+ to ! impressions ( ! out] _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,fe*n]'s law4 ,9 ord] to und]/& to :at conclusions ?is leads1 ,i mu/ fir/ expla9 ! law :i* ,fe*n] discov]$ = ! scale ( s5sitiv5ess ( ! eye1 :i* is a p>ticul> case ( ! m g5]al psy*o-physical law ( ! relations ( ! v>i\s s5su\s impressions to ! irritations :i* produce !m4 ,?is law may be express$ z foll[s3--,)9 v wide limits ( brightness1 diff]5ces 9 ! /r5g? ( light are equally di/9ct1 or appe> equal 9 s5sation1 if !y =m an equal fraction ( ! total quantity ( light comp>$4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 diff]5ces 9 int5sity ( "o-hundr$? ( ! total am\nt c be recogniz$ )\t great tr\ble1 ) v diff]5t /r5g?s ( light1 )\t exhibit+ mat]ial diff]5ces 9 ! c]ta9ty & facility ( ! e/imate1 :e!r ! brighte/ daylight1 or ! light ( a good c&le be us$40 ,h]e91 !n1 are conta9$ ! limits ) :i* we c "w1 & ! physiological reasons :y we c r5d] a fairly true impression ( a sc5e 9 nature4 ,! only con/ant factor1 !n1 is ! ratio ( lum9\s int5sities1--t is1 ! picture mu/ be z true z possible 9 relative tones or values4 ,obvi\sly a picture ( bright sunlight %\ld look bright] 9 a mod]ately light$ room ?an ! surr\nd+ room1 t is1 its fir/ impression on ! obs]v] %\ld be z if he 7 look+ at a l&scape beyond ! walls1 ?r\gh ! frame4 ,f ^! rem>ks x w be se5 h[ utt]ly impossible x is to r5d] truly a bright sunlight sc5e1 = if ! values be true1 />t+ f ! top ( ! scale1 ! highe/ light1 :5 y get to ! middle t9ts1 !y are too black already1 & ! picture is out ( tone & false4 ,obvi\sly ! "r way is to />t f ! l[] end ( ! scale1 ! d>ks1 & get !m z true z possible1 & let ! lights take c>e ( !mselves2 b m ( ?is anon4 ,d4 ,,col\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,col\r4 ,z photograph]s1 ! matt] ( col\r ex]cises u b indirectly1 /ill ! subject %\ld be und]/ood1 on acc\nt ( its be>+ on pa9t+4 8,col\r p]ception0 says ,le ,conte1 8is a s+le p]ception1 & irresolvable ) any o!r4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 h its basis 9 ret9al /ructure40 ,helmholtz divides ! vibrations ( e!r kn[n z light into ?ree degrees4 ,he says ! longe/ & %orte/ rays d n ess5tially diff] 9 any o!r physical prop]ty1 except t we di/+ui% !m f ! int]m$iate waves40 ,?us ! e> c receive at once _m waves ( s\nd or notes1 & !y rema9 di/9ct1 b notes ( col\r d n keep di/9ct 9 ! same way1 8s t ! eye is capable ( recogniz+ few diff]5ces 9 quality ( light10 says ,helmholtz1 & c only p]ceive ! elem5t>y s5sation ( col\r by artificial prep>ation4 ,he also says1 ! only bond betwe5 ! objective & subjective ph5om5a ( col\r may be /at$ z a law ?us1 8,simil> light produces "u l conditions a l s5sation ( col\r4 ,light1 :i* "u l conditions1 excites unlike s5sations ( col\r is dissimil>20 :at we want 9 art1 !n1 is ! appe>ance ( ! ph5om5a4 ,! illum9ation ( ! sun's rays _c be weak5$ )\t at ! same "t weak5+ _! heat+ & *emical action2 ?is is a po9t to be rememb]$ 9 exposure4 ,col\r is1 ( c\rse1 excit$ by ! l5g? ( ! waves & _! frequ5cy1 r$ be+ ! longe/ & sl[e/1 & !y dim9i% 9 l5g? & increase 9 frequ5cy 9 ! ord] ( ! spectrum ?r\gh orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 to ! %orte/ waves1 :i* produce ! effect ( violet1 ! :ole comb9$ =m+ :ite4 ,n[ ,h]+ has %[n t !re are only f\r prim>y col\r s5sations1 ?\gh he at "o "t includ$ black & :ite1 ?us mak+ six4 ,! f\r are r$1 yell[1 gre51 & blue1 :i* are r$uc$ by him to two complem5t>y col\rs1 r$ & gre51 & yell[ & blue4 ,9 our pres5t /ate ( k ! ,"y-,helmholtz !ory ( ?ree prim>y col\r s5sations = r$1 gre51 & blue seems pref]able z a work+ hypo!sis1 ?\gh x seems incompatible ) anatomical & physiological facts4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ce ( col\r4 ,all objective diff]5ces betwe5 col\rs1 accord+ to ,helmholtz1 may be r$uc$ to diff]5ces ( tone1 diff]5ce ( fulness 7saturation71 & diff]5ce ( brightness4 ,^! are ! ?ree col\r con/ants4 ,by tone1 or hue1 he means 9 fact diff]5ce ( col\r z 9 ! spectral col\rs4 ,he "h ref]s to ! vibration on a tonic scale4 ,fulness or purity is greate/ 9 ! pure t9ts ( ! spectrum1 & becomes less 9 proportion z !y are mix$ ) :ite light4 ,all comp\nd col\rs are less full ?an ! simple hues ( ! spectrum4 ,brightness or lum9osity is /r5g? ( light1 or am\nt ( illum9ation4 ,x is measur$ by ! total am\nt ( light reflect$ to ! eye4 ,9 nature black & :ite mu/ be includ$ among ! prim>y col\rs :5 quality is spok5 (1 z light acts on black & :ite4 ,all diff]5ces ( tone1 !re=e1 are ! result ( comb9ations 9 diff]5t proportions ( ! f\r prim>y col\rs4 ,among ! defects ( ! eye 9 see+ col\r1 ,helmholtz says1 8,all are r$ bl9d at ! inn]mo/ portion ( ! field ( vision1 all r$ col\rs appe> d>k] :5 view$ indirectly40 ,! fur!/ limit ( visible field is a n>r[ zone1 9 :i* all di/ribution ( col\r ceases1 & !re only rema9 diff]5ces ( brightness4 ,probably ^? n]v\s fibres :i* convey impressions ( gre5 light are alone pres5t 9 ?is "p ( ! ret9a4 ,! yell[ spot makes all blue light appe> some:at d>k] 9 ! c5tre ( ! field4 ,all ^! inequalities are kn[n & m or less rectifi$ by con/ant movem5t4 ,z ! eye becomes fatigu$ by bright light1 s t x _c at fir/ answ] to delicate /imulus1 s x c become p>tially fatigu$ = c]ta9 col\rs4 ,fatigue weak5s ! app>5t illum9ation ( ! entire field ( vision4 ,! col\r ( illum9ation ( a picture1 too1 v>ies greatly by effect ( local col\r4 ,:at is con/ant 9 ! col\r ( an object is n ! brightness & col\r ( ! light :i* x reflects1 b ! relation betwe5 ! int5sity ( ! diff]5t-col\r$ con/itu5ts ( ?is light1 on ! "o h&1 & t ( ! correspond+ con/itu5ts ( ! light :i* illum9ates x on ! o!r4 ,= example1 :ite pap] 9 full moonlight is d>k] ?an black sat9 9 daylight1 or a d>k object ) ! sun %9+ on x reflects light ( exactly ! same col\r1 & p]haps ! same brightness1 z a :ite object 9 %ad[4 ,grey 9 %ad[ looks l :ite4 ,brightness ( local col\r dim9i%es ) ! illum9ation or z ! fatigue ( ! ret9a is increas$4 ,9 sun%9e1 local col\rs ( mod]ate brightness approa* ! brighte/1 :]eas 9 moonlight !y approa* ! d>ke/4 ,pictures to be se5 9 daylight d n admit ( diff]5ce ( brightness betwe5 sun & moon4 ,z col\rs increase 9 brightness1 r$ & yell[ become app>5tly /rong] ?an blue4 ,pa9t]s make yell[ t9ts pr$om9ate :5 repres5t+ l&scape 9 full sun%9e1 :ile moonlight sc5es are blu$4 ,helmholtz says3--8,diff]5ces ( col\r :i* are actually be=e our eyes are m easily appreh5d$ ?an ^? :i* we only keep 9 memory1 & contra/ betwe5 objects :i* are close to "o ano!r 9 ! field ( vision are m easily recogniz$ ?an :5 !y are at a di/ance4 ,all ?is contributes to ! effect4 ,inde$1 !re are a numb] ( subord9ate circum/ances affect+ ! result :i* x w\ld be v int]e/+ to foll[ out 9 detail1 = !y ?r[ great light ^u ! way 9 :i* we judge ( local col\r2 b we mu/ n pursue ! inquiry fur!r "h4 ,i w only rem>k t all ^! effects ( contra/ are n less int]e/+ = ! sci5tific pa9t] ?an = ! physiologi/1 s9ce he mu/ (t5 exagg]ate ! natural ph5om5on ( contra/ 9 ord] to produce ! impression ( great] v>ieties ( light & great] fulness ( col\r ?an c be actually produc$ by artificial pigm5ts40 ,aga91 :5 turbidity is compos$ ( f9e p>ticles its appe>ance is blue1 z ! mi/s se5 9 autumn hang+ r\nd cov]ts1 b x is :it] ?an ! arial blue because ( ! col\r ( ! cov]t beh9d4 ,:5 ?is turbidity is abs5t ! col\rs are bright]1 h5ce ! fi]ce blue on bright sun%9y days ) ea/]ly w9ds4 ,?is matt] ( turbidity mu/ n be =gott5 9 portrait "w2 x is ?is :i* helps to give relief1 h5ce ! absurdity ( all photograph]s' devices1 ! object ( :i* is to m9imize ?is turbidity4 ,9 addition to ^! is ! ev]-*ang+ effect ( atmosph]e on col\r1 t subtle m$ium ) :i* ! en*antress ,nature produces ev]-*ang+ effects1 & its *ief effect on col\r is to l[] x 9 brightness4 ,atmosph]e greys all ?+s1 h5ce on a mi/y day all ! col\rs are grey$--we h1 9 fact1 a 8grey day40 ,ano!r po9t :i* mu/ n be =gott5 is t ) bright illum9ation bright objects become m l ! brighte/1 & ) feeble illum9ation d>k objects become m l ! d>ke/4 ,?is is a v important matt]1 = x means t 9 bright sun%9e ! lighte/ greys are lo/ 9 :ite1 :il/ 9 dull wea!r ! d>ke/ greys are lo/ 9 black1 h5ce ! falsity ( hav+ deep blacks 9 brightly-light$ l&scapes1 & z has be5 %[n1 ^! are untrue1 & ! result ( ignorance & ( faulty manipulation4 ,z ,helmholtz has x1 8,! diff]5ce ( brightness & n absolute brightness2 & t ! diff]5ces 9 !m 9 ?is latt] respect c be %[n )\t p]ceptible incongruity if only _! graduations are imitat$ ) expression40 ,e4 ,,b9ocul> ,,vision--,,psy*ological ,,data4 ,s+le ,image4 ,sid5ote3 ,b9ocul> ,vision4 ,! rem>ks already made w\ld apply equally well to man if he 7 a "o-ey$ animal1 b we f9d !re are o!r consid]ations to take into acc\nt s9ce man is two-ey$4 ,n[ ! ph5om5a ( b9ocul> vision _c be treat$ ( ) su* accuracy z ! physical & physiological facts already discuss$4 ,9 ?is subject we %all foll[ ,le ,conte4 ,x is obvi\s !re is a common b9ocul> field ( view = ! two eyes4 ,n[ ,dr4 ,le ,conte %[s u t we see all objects d\ble1 except "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,:5 we look directly at any?+1 !n we see x cle>ly1 b all ?+s ne>] to u ?an ! object look$ at & beyond x1 are se5 d\ble1 or blurr$ & indi/9ct4 ,?is is ! case 9 life1 z c be prov$4 ,he goes on to tell u t we see ?+s s+ly :5 ! two images ( t ?+ are project$ outw>d to ! same spot 9 space1 & are !re=e sup]impos$ & co9cide4 ,objects are se5 s+le :5 _! ret9al images fall on correspond+ po9ts--t is1 objects ly+ 9 a horizontal circle pass+ ?r\gh ! po9t ( sight & ! c5tral spots are se5 s+le4 ,n[ 8all objects at ! same or ne>ly ! same di/ance1 b a little to ! "r or left1 or above or bel[1 are also ei!r se5 s+le1 or else ! d\bl+1 if any1 is usually imp]ceptible40 ,?is surface ( s+le vision is call$ ! horopt]4 ,!re are1 !n1 two adju/m5ts1 ! focal & ! axial1 ! "o an adju/m5t = di/ant vision1 ! o!r = s+le vision1 & connect$ ) ^! is ! adju/m5t ( ! pupil1 :i* contracts & exp&s1 n only to light1 b also to di/ance & ne>ness ( ! object4 ,!re=e1 ?ree adju/m5ts take place :5 we look at any?+4 ,connect$ ) ^! laws are ! laws ( direction & correspond+ po9ts4 ,?us we see our p]fect image c only exi/ 9 "o place at once1 t all betwe5 ! eye & ! object & beyond ! object is indi/9ct1 & t ! fur!r (f an object is ! m lum9\s does x appe>4 ,two objects1 too1 may be se5 z "o4 ,f4 ,,p]spective4 ,dep?1 ,size1 & ,solidity4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]spective4 ,! next "q is1 8,to :at is due ! appe>ance ( solidity & dep?80 ,dep?1 or relative di/ance1 is judg$ ( by a comb9ation ( f\r k9ds ( p]spective4 #a4 ,focal or monocul> p]spective4--,objects at ! po9t ( sight are %>p1 b all objects beyond or )9 ?is di/ance are dim4 ,di/ance is judg$ p>tly by ! act ( focuss+ ! eye by act+1 z we h said1 on ! l5s4 ,z ?is p[] only acts )9 tw5ty feet1 x is evid5t t ?+s c only be 9 focus 9 "o plane4 #b4 ,ma!matical ,p]spective4--,objects become small] 9 appe>ance & ne>] toge!r z !y rec$e4 ,?is is ano!r aid to ! judg+ ( di/ance4 ,! true r5d]+ ( ?is p]spective 9 photography dep5ds on ! correct use ( ! l5s1 z w be expla9$4 #c4 ,arial ,p]spective is ! p]spective due to ! scatt]+ ( light by arial turbidity1 = ! atmosph]e always conta9s float+ p>ticles ( matt]4 ,z ! objects rec$e ?is curta9 ( turbidity becomes ?ick] & ! di/ant objects gr[ dimm] & blu]4 ,?is is ano!r aid to ! judg+ ( di/ance1 b any "o n accu/om$ to c\nt on ?is effect may easily misjudge1 z we h done be=e n[ to our co/ 9 ,switz]l&1 :]e a peak miles away has1 at times1 seem$ to be 9 ! next valley4 #d4 ,b9ocul> ,p]spective is due to ! conv]g5ce ( ! optic axes & =mation ( a s+le image4 ,le ,conte says1 8,! p]spective ( dep? or relative di/ance1 :e!r 9 a s+le object or 9 a sc5e1 is ! result ( ! successive comb9ations ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! two dissimil> images ( ! object on ! sc5e40 ,b9ocul> p]spective1 too1 ga!rs toge!r ! imp]fect ret9al impressions :5 ! eye sweeps ov] ! field ( view4 ,?is only acts )9 a few hundr$ y>ds4 ,?us1 !n1 9 tak+ a photograph we mu/ rememb] t !oretically speak+1 up to tw5ty feet ! picture c be made %>p] all ov] ?an beyond t di/ance2 = ! eye has all ^! p]spectives act+ )9 t di/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,size4 ,by size we e/imate di/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,solidity4 ,solidity is judg$ by b9ocul> vision & light+4 ,:5 to all ^! difficulties are add$ ^? dep5d5t on ! subtleties ( light reflect$ into %ad[1 & ! ?\s&-&-"o *anges ( col\r due to ! num]\s %ad[s ca/ by objects 9 nature1 we get a complexity :i* =ces ^u u h[ impossible x is = man to copy nature4 ,a 8m]e transcript ( nature10 :i* is s glibly talk$ (1 is1 humanly speak+1 an impossibility4 ,no man ev] pa9t$ a 8m]e transcript0 ( nature1 or a tru?ful copy1 any m ?an a man c make plants or animals 9 a laboratory2 b he c1 by a picture1 give a tru?ful impression ( nature4 ,on ^! data & )9 ^! limits1 !n1 mu/ we "w1 & "h we app5d a few g5]al pr9ciples d$uc$ f ^! data1 :i* mu/ guide u 9 our "w4 ,we h foll[$ !m ourselves1 & !y =m ! sci5tific "p ( our cre$ ( 8,naturali/ic ,photography40 ,we h said little ^u ! draw+ ( photographic l5ses1 z t is discuss$ 9 ano!r *apt]2 b ( c\rse ,naturali/ic ,photography claims z ( vital importance t l5ses be us$ s z to give ! draw+ ( objects z !y are se5 by ! eye--9 o!r words1 z !y w\ld be drawn by a good draughtsman4 ,,art ,,pr9ciples ,,d$uct$ ,,f ,,! ,,data ,,cit$4 ,sid5ote3 ,art ,pr9ciples4 ,we h %[n :y ! human eye does n see nature exactly z %e is1 b sees in/ead a numb] ( signs :i* repres5t nature1 signs :i* ! eye gr[s accu/om$ to1 & :i* f habit we call nature h]self4 ,we %all n[ discuss ! relation ( pictorial art to nature1 & %all %[ ! fallacy ( call+ ! mo/ sci5tifically p]fect images obta9$ ) photographic l5ses arti/ically true4 ,!y are n correct1 z we h %[n1 & %all aga9 %[1 b :at is arti/ically true is really :at we h all along advocat$2 t is t ! photograph] mu/ s use 8 te*nique z to r5d] a true impression ( ! sc5e4 ,! great h]esy ( #8%>pness' has liv$ s long 9 photographic circles because fir/ly ! art has be5 practis$ by sci5ti/s1 & secondly by unphilosophical sci5ti/s1 = all ?r\gh ! l5s has be5 consid]$ purely f ! physical po9t ( view1 ! f> m important physiological & psy*ological /&po9ts be+ entirely ignor$1 s t b "o-?ird ( ! tru? has be5 hi!rto /at$4 ,sid5ote3 ,:at a picture is4 ,to beg9 )1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t a picture is a repres5tation on a plane surface ( limit$ area ( c]ta9 physical facts 9 ! _w ar\nd u1 = ab/ract ideas _c be express$ by pa9t+4 ,9 all ! works 9 ! _w ! pa9t]1 if he has tri$ to express ! unse5 or ! sup]natural1 has express$ ! unnatural4 ,if he pa9ts a dragon1 y f9d x is a di/ort$ picture ( "s animal already exi/+2 if he pa9ts a deity1 x is b a k9d ( man aft] all4 ,no bra9 c conjure up & set d[n on pap] a mon/] su* z has nev] exi/$1 or 9 :i* !re are no p>ts homolog\s ) "s p>ts ( a liv+ or fossil creature4 ,we defy any man to draw a devil1 = example1 t is totally unlike any?+ 9 exi/5ce4 ,all s-call$ imag9ative works fall !n )9 ! category ( ! real1 = !y are 9 c]ta9 p>ts real because !y are all bas$ on realities1 ev5 ?\gh !y may be utt]ly false to ! appe>ance ( reality4 ,by ?is we mean t an ideal dragon may be bas$ on exi/+ animals2 8 =m may be a mixture ( a ,cobra1 ,saurian1 & a reptile1 z is (t5 ! case2 s f> x may be real1 b !n ! way 9 :i* x is pa9t$ may be utt]ly false1 = ! natural effect ( light & atmosph]e on ! dragon may & probably w be ignor$1 = !re is no su* animal to /udy f4 ,! mod]n pre-,raphaelites are good examples ( pa9t]s :o pa9t$ 9 ?is way2 !y pa9t$ details1 !y imitat$ ! local col\r & texture ( objects1 b = all t _! pictures are z false z false c be1 = !y neglect$ ^? subtleties ( light & col\r & atmosph]e :i* p]vade all nature1 & :i* are z important z =m4 ,*ildr5 & savages make ?is same error1 !y imitate ! local col\r1 n ! true col\r z modifi$ by light1 adjac5t col\r1 & atmosph]e4 ,b :at ! mo/ advanc$ ?9k]s ( art 9 all ages h s\ght = is ! r5d]+ ( ! true impression ( nature4 ,proce$ we n[ to discuss ! compon5t p>ts ( ?is impression4 ,sid5ote3 ,tone & ,atmosph]e4 ,:5 we op5 our eyes 9 ! morn+ ! fir/ ?+ we see is light1 ! result ( ^? all-p]vad+ vibrations ( e!r4 ,! effects ( light on all ! objects ( nature & on sight h be5 dealt ) 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 x only rema9s1 !re=e1 to d$uce our limits f ^! facts4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 f :at has be5 said 9 t section x is evid5t we _c compete ) pa9t+1 = we are unable to pit* our pictures 9 s high a key z ! pa9t] does1 & h[ limit$ is 8 scale has be5 %[n1 b by ! aid ( pigm5ts he c g high] ?an we c4 ,x has be5 %[n1 too1 t x is impossible to h ! values correct ?r\gh\t a picture1 = t w\ld make ! picture too black & untrue 9 _m p>ts4 ,?is fact %[s h[ wrong are ^? photograph]s :o ma9ta9 t e photograph %\ld h a pat* ( pure :ite & a pat* ( pure black1 & t all ! light+ %\ld be nicely gradat$ betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,?is idea arose1 no d\bt1 f comp>+ photography ) o!r incomplete me?ods ( translation1 su* z l9e-engrav+4 ,! real po9t is t ! d>ks ( ! picture %all be 9 true relation1 & ! high lights mu/ take c>e ( !mselves4 ,by ?is means a tru] tone is obta9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,n[ to h ^! tones 9 true relation x is ( c\rse impli$ t ! local col\rs mu/ be truly r5d]$1 yell[ mu/ n come out black1 or blue z :ite1 !re=e x is evid5t t col\r-correct$ plates are necess>y4 ,b su* plates are useless :5 ! quantity ( silv] 9 ! film is little1 = ! subtleties ( delicate tonality are lo/1 :i* are n comp5sat$ = by ga9 9 local col\r1 & ?is is a po9t ! mak]s ( or?o*romatic plates mu/ take into consid]ation4 ,x w be se5 n[ :y photographs on uncorrect$ plates 7ev5 :5 ! greate/ c>e & k 9 us+ !m is ex]cis$7 are n1 z a rule1 p]fectly successful1 & :y ! ord9>y silv] pr9t+-pap] is undesirable1 = x exagg]ates ! d>kness ( ! %ad[s1 a fatal error4 ,false tonality de/roys ! s5se ( atmosph]e1 9 fact1 = ! true r5d]+ ( atmosph]e1 a photograph mu/ be relatively true 9 tone2 9 o!r words ! relative tones1 9 %ad[ & half %ad[1 mu/ be true4 ,if a picture is ( a bright1 sunlit subject1 brilliancy is ( c\rse a necess>y quality1 & by brilliancy is n meant t 8sp>kle0 :i* s delights ! craftsman4 ,( c\rse ! />t ( tone is naturally made f less deep %ad[s1 :5 ! picture is brightly light$1 = ! black itself reflects light1 & all ! %ad[s are fill$ ) reflect$ light4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t x is ( p>am\nt importance t ! %ad[s %all n be too black1 t 9 !m %all be light z !re always is 9 nature--m ( c\rse 9 bright pictures1 less 9 l[-ton$ pictures--t !re=e ! rule ( 8detail 9 ! %ad[s0 is 9 a way a good r\gh-&-ready photographic rule4 ,yet photograph]s (t5 /op d[n _! l5s & cut (f ! light1 at ! same "t %>p5+ ! %ad[s & d>k5+ !m1 & ?r[+ ! picture out ( tone4 ,x _c be too /rongly insi/$ ^u t 8/r5g?0 9 a photograph is n to be judg$ by its s-call$ 8pluck0 or 8sp>kle10 b by its subtlety ( tone1 its tru?ful relative values 9 %ad[ & middle %ad[1 & its true textures4 ,photograph]s h be5 advis$ by mi/ak5 craftsm5 to spot out ! 8dotty high lights0 ( an ill-*os5 or badly-r5d]$ subject to give x 8bread?40 ,su* a proce$+ ( c\rse only increases ! falsity ( ! picture1 = ! high lights1 z we h %[n1 are nev] high en\gh 9 any picture1 & if a man is s unwise z to take a picture ) 8spotty lights10 he is only increas+ 8 display ( ignorance by l[]+ ! high lights1 :i* are already n high en\gh4 ,?is does n ( c\rse apply to ! case :]e a s+le spot ( objectionable :ite fixes ! eye & de/roys h>mony1 b to ! g5]al habit ( l[]+ ! high lights 9 a 8spotty0 photograph4 ,spotty pictures 9 art z well z 9 nature are abom9ations to a tra9$ eye1 & x is = t v reason t su* subjects are m common among photograph]s :o are untra9$ 9 art matt]s ?an 9 ! works ( ev5 ?ird-rate pa9t]s4 ,! effect ( ! brighte/ sunlight 9 nature1 = reasons expla9$1 is to less5 contra/1 ! effect ( a %>ply-focuss$1 /opp$-d[n photograph is to increase contra/ 9 ! subject & ?us falsify ! impression4 ,z ! t5d5cy ( 8atmosph]e0 is to grey all ! col\rs 9 nature m or less1 & ( a mi/ to r5d] all ?+s grey1 x foll[s t 8atmosph]e0 9 all cases helps to give bread? by less5+ contra/1 z x also helps to det]m9e ! di/ance ( objects4 ,z %[n 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 ?is arial 8turbidity10 by :i* is meant atmosph]e1 takes (f f ! %>pness ( outl9e & detail ( ! image1 & ! f>!r (f ! object is1 ! ?ick] be+ ! int]v5+ lay] ( atmosph]e1 ! great] is ! turbidity ct]is p>ibus1 !re=e f ?is fact alone objects 9 diff]5t planes are n & %\ld n be repres5t$ equally %>p & well-def9$4 ,?is is mo/ important to seize--z ! preval5t idea among photograph]s seems to be t all ! objects 9 all ! planes %\ld be %>p at once1 an idea :i* no arti/ c\ld or ev] did ent]ta91 & :i* nature at once proves to be unt5able4 ,! atmosph]e 9 ! ma9 rules ! g5]al appe>ance ( ?+s1 = if ?is turbidity be little1 objects look close toge!r1 & "u c]ta9 o!r conditions are poor 9 quality4 ,sid5ote3 ,draw+ & ,light+4 ,9 addition to tone & atmosph]e1 ! dim9i%$ draw+ ( objects z !y rec$e f u 7ma!matical p]spective7 helps to give an idea ( di/ance1 b by *oos+ a suitable l5s1 :i* does our draw+ correctly1 we ne$ n reg>d ?is matt] ( draw+4 ,a m9or aid to r5d]+ dep? is ! illum9ation ( ! object1 a lat]al illum9ation giv+ ! greate/ idea ( relief1 b ! photograph] %\ld be guid$ by no s-call$ 8s*emes ( light+10 because1 = m important reasons1 x maybe advisable to *oose a subject light$ directly by ! sun1 or silh\ett$ aga9/ ! sun4 ,all dep5ds on :at is desir$ to be express$4 ,= example1 an arti/ may wi% to express ! s5tim5t & poetry ( a sunset beh9d a r[ ( trees4 ,is he to consid] ! m9or matt] t !re w be little relief1 & x is n a good 8s*eme ( light+08 ,no1 c]ta9ly n1 o!rwise he mu/ =go ! subject4 ,nature ignores all su* laws4 ,! only law is t ! light+ mu/ give a relatively true translation ( ! subject express$1 & t a l&scape mu/ n be light$ by two or m suns4 ,9 portrait "w1 ev51 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! arial light+ mu/ /& out aga9/ ! backgr\nd1 = 9 all rooms !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( turbidity betwe5 u & di/ant objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ! ,impression4 ,! reason we pref] pictures :i* are n too bright lies 9 ! fact t ! eye _c look long at v bright pa9t+s )\t tir+4 ,z a physical fact1 too1 ! mo/ delicate modell+ & tonality is to be obta9$ 9 a m$ium light4 ,f :at has be5 previ\sly said1 x w n[ be und]/ood t a picture %\ld n be q %>ply focuss$ 9 any "p1 = !n x becomes false2 x %\ld be made j z %>p z ! eye sees x & no %>p]1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ ! eye does n see ?+s z %>ply z ! photographic l5s1 = ! eye has ! faults due to disp]sion1 sph]ical ab]ration1 a/igmatism1 arial turbidity1 bl9d spot1 & beyond tw5ty feet x does n adju/ p]fectly = ! diff]5t planes4 ,all ^! slight imp]fections make ! eye's visions m imp]fect ?an t ( ! optician's l5s1 ev5 :5 objects 9 "o plane only are %>ply focuss$1 !re=e1 except 9 v r>e cases1 :i* w be t\*$ ^u else:]e1 ! *ief po9t ( int]e/ %\ld be slightly--v slightly--out ( focus1 :ile all ?+s1 out ( ! plane ( ! pr9cipal object1 x is p]fectly obvi\s1 f :at has be5 said1 %\ld also be slightly out ( focus1 n to ! ext5t ( produc+ de/ruction ( /ructure or fuzz9ess1 b suffici5tly to keep !m back & 9 place4 ,=1 z we h be5 told1 8to look at any?+ means to place ! eye 9 su* a position t ! image ( ! object falls on ! small region ( p]fectly cle> vision1 444 & 444 :atev] we want to see1 we look at1 & see x accurately2 :at we d n look at1 we d n1 z a rule1 c>e = at ! mom5t1 & s d n notice h[ imp]fectly we see x40 ,su* is ! case1 z has be5 %[n1 = :5 we fix our sight on ! pr9cipal object or motif ( a picture1 b9ocul> vision repres5ts cle>ly by direct vision only ! p>ts ( ! picture del9eat$ on ! po9ts ( sight4 ,sid5ote3 ,rule = focuss+4 ,! rule 9 focuss+1 !re=e1 %\ld be1 focus = ! pr9cipal object ( ! picture1 b all else mu/ n be %>p2 & ev5 t pr9cipal object mu/ n be z p]fectly %>p z ! optical l5s w make x4 ,x w be said1 b 9 nature ! eye w&]s up & d[n ! l&scape1 & s ga!rs up ! impressions1 & all ! l&scape 9 turn appe>s %>p4 ,b a picture is n 8all ! l&scape10 x %\ld be se5 at a c]ta9 di/ance--! focal l5g? ( ! l5s us$1 z a rule1 & ! obs]v]1 to look at x ?\ghtfully1 if x be a picture1 w settle on a pr9cipal object1 & dwell ^u x1 & :5 he tires ( ?is1 he w want to ga!r up sugge/ions ( ! re/ ( ! picture4 ,if x be a commonplace photograph tak5 ) a wide-angle l5s1 say1 ( a /ret* ( sc5]y ( equal value1 z are mo/ photographic l&scapes1 ( c\rse ! eye w h no?+ to settle ?\ghtfully ^u1 & w w&] ab\t1 & f9ally g away dissatisfi$4 ,b su* a photograph is no "w ( art1 & n wor?y ( discussion "h4 ,h5ce x is obvi\s t panoramic effects are n suitable = art1 & ! angle ( view includ$ 9 a picture %\ld nev] be l>ge4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,pseudo-,impressioni/s4 ,x might be argu$ f ?is1 t ,pseudo-,impressioni/s :o pa9t ! horse's head & top ( a hansom cab are correct1 s9ce ! eye c only see cle>ly a v small portion ( ! field ( view at once4 ,we ass]t1 no1 = if we look 9 a casual way at a hansom cab 9 ! /reets1 we only see directly ! head ( ! horse & ! top ( ! cab1 yet1 indirectly1 t is1 9 ! ret9al circle ar\nd ! fovea c5tralis we h f> m sugge/ion & feel+ ( horse's legs ?an ! ecc5tricities ( ! ,pseudo-,impressioni/ s*ool give u1 = 9 t "p ( ! ret9al field indirect vision aids u4 ,! field ( indirect vision mu/ be sugge/$ 9 a picture1 b subord9at$4 ,b we %all g into ?is matt] lat] on1 "h we only wi% to e/abli% our pr9ciples on a sci5tific basis4 ,aft]w>ds1 9 treat+ ( art que/ions1 we %all simply give our advice1 presum+ ! /ud5t has already /udi$ ! sci5tific data on :i* t advice is bas$4 ,all good art has its sci5tific basis4 ,sid5ote3 ,sir ,t4 ,lawr5ce4 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce said1 8,pa9t+ is a sci5ce1 & %\ld be pursu$ z an inquiry into ! laws ( nature4 ,:y1 !n1 may n l&scape pa9t+ be consid]$ z a bran* ( natural philosophy1 ( :i* pictures are b exp]im5ts80 ,sid5ote3 ,fuzz9ess4 ,"s writ]s :o h nev] tak5 ! tr\ble to und]/& ev5 ^! po9ts1 h held t we admitt$ fuzz9ess 9 photography4 ,su* p]sons are lab\r+ "u a great misconception2 we h no?+ :atev] to d ) any 8fuzzy s*ool40 ,fuzz9ess1 to u1 means de/ruction ( /ructure4 ,we d advocate broad sugge/ions ( organic /ructure1 :i* is a v diff]5t ?+ f de/ruction1 al?\gh1 !re may at times be occasions 9 :i* pat*es ( 8fuzz9ess0 w help ! picture1 yet ^! are r>e inde$1 & x w\ld be v difficult = any "o to %[ u _m su* pat*es 9 our publi%$ plates4 ,we h1 !n no?+ to d ) 8fuzz9ess10 unless by ! t]m is meant t broad & ample g5]alization ( detail1 s necess>y to arti/ic "w4 ,we w\ld rem9d ^! writ]s t x is always fair] to read an au?or's writ+s ?an to read ! /upid con/ructions put ^u !m by untra9$ p]sons4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,te*nique ,,& ,,practice4 8,arti/s are suppos$ to pass _! lives 9 e>ne/ endeav\r to express ?r\gh ! m$ium ( pa9t or p5cil1 ?\ghts1 feel+s1 or impressions :i* !y _c help express+1 & :i* _c possibly be express$ by any o!r means4 ,!y make use ( mat]ial means 9 ord] to arrive at ?is end4 ,!y tell _! /ory--! /ory ( a day1 an impression ( a "*1 a recollection ( a mom5t1 or :atev]1 m or less cle>ly or well1 z !y are m or less capable ( do+4 ,!y expose _! "w to ! public1 n = ! sake ( praise1 b ) a feel+ & a hope t "s human be+ may see 9 x ! feel+ t has pass$ ?r\gh _! own m9d 9 _! poor & necess>ily crippl$ /atem5t4 ,! endeav\r is hone/ & e>ne/1 if almo/ always ) a result weak5$ by ov]-consci5ti\sness or endeav\r to be und]/ood4444 ,y\r "w is exhibit$ n ) ! int5tion ( injur+ any ( ! human race4 ,x is a dumb1 noiseless1 sil5t /ory1 told1 z be/ x may be1 by ! au?or to ^? :om x may conc]n4 ,& x does tell its /ory1 n to ev]ybody1 b to somebody40 ,,william ,,hunt4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,cam]a ,,& ,,tripod4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cam]a4 ,! cam]a z us$ to-day is a modifi$ =m ( ! ,cam]a ,obscura adapt$ to ! special end ( tak+ photographs4 ,x is ess5tially no?+ b a light-tight box1 to "o end ( :i* a l5s c be adju/$1 & to ! o!r end ( :i* ! slide conta9+ ! s5sitive plate c be appli$ & expos$1 s t x receives no light1 save t pass+ ?r\gh ! l5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,*oice ( cam]a4,!re are _m patt]ns & _m m9or diff]5ces 9 ! con/ruction ( ^! boxes1 "s few ( real value1 b ! majority ! "w ( +5i\s & speculat+ manufactur]s1 :o hope by "s novelty to increase ! sale ( _! new pat5ts4 ,9 all app>atus ! /ud5t %\ld *oose ! simple/ & /ronge/1 = 9 arti/ic "w lightness p] se is no object1 nay1 x may be h>mful1 z lead+ to ov]-production4 ,9 fact no?+ %\ld /& 9 ! way ( gett+ ! be/ results1 & ?\gh _m ( ! cam]as on ! m>ket are light & fitt$ ) num]\s devices :i* are said to simplify op]ations & help ! work]1 yet su* is n really ! case1 & ^! ?\s&-&-"o aids to "w are apt to become d]ang$1 & f9ally to emb>rass ! work] at "s critical mom5t4 ,9 *oos+ a cam]a1 !n1 = l&scape "w1 *oose a squ>e "o1 ) a rev]s+ frame1 a d\ble sw+-back1 & good lea!r bell[s4 ,let ! flange ( ! l5s be fitt$ to a squ>e front :i* c be easily remov$ & replac$1 & let !re be a ris+ front4 ,x is advisable to h ! cam]a brass-b\nd = ! sake ( its pres]vation1 & if = use 9 tropical climates ! bell[s %\ld be made ( ,russian lea!r1 z ! oil ( bir* ) :i* ! lea!r is cur$ is mo/ di/a/eful to insects4 ,sid5ote3 ,special consid]ations 9 *oos+ a cam]a4 ,9 ord]+ a cam]a !re are a few po9ts :i* exp]i5ce has l$ u to consid] ess5tial to com=t4 ,sid5ote3 ,base-bo>d4 ,"o is t ! "p ( ! base-bo>d ( ! cam]a :i* re/s on ! tripod head %\ld be /r5g!n$ or made ( mu* /\t] mat]ial ?an is usually us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,?umb-screw4 ,ano!r is t ! ?umb-screw %\ld be ( mu* l>g] diamet] ?an is usually ! case1 & ?is %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 ev5 9 ! mak+ ( ! small] cam]as1 = on a w9dy day :5 ! cam]a has a heavy l5s on "o end & a load$ d\ble d>k slide on ! o!r1 ! vibration is (t5 ru9\s to ! picture dur+ exposure1 :ile sudd5 gu/s ( w9d may ev5 crack ! wood r\nd ! screw hole4 ,x seems to u a ?umb-screw at lea/ half an in* 9 diamet] %\ld be us$1 unless ! cam]a be made to fit into ! tripod head1 a me?od (t5 adopt$ ( rec5t ye>s1 & ( c\rse ! be/ way ( all4 ,on m ?an "o occasion we h ne>ly lo/ ! cam]a altoge!r 9 ! wat] :5 try+ to screw x to ! tripod :5 work+ f a boat on a tideway1 b by hav+ a "p ( ! base-bo>d made to fit into a wood5 tripod head1 ?is at times mo/ difficult op]ation is r5d]$ easy & c]ta94 ,! cam]a %\ld always ext5d & close by means ( a tail-screw1 ^? op5+ by means ( a rack & p9ion are mu* m liable to get out ( ord]4 ,( c\rse ?is rem>k is n applicable to ! smalle/-siz$ cam]as4 ,sid5ote3 ,_s levels4 ,two small _s-levels sunk into ! tail-piece ( ! cam]a are invaluable2 "o w d if made ( ! "r %ape4 ,sid5ote3 ,size ( cam]a4 ,9 ord]+ a cam]a ! two vital po9ts to be consid]$ are ! size includ+ ! l5g? ( ! bell[s4 ,! size ( plate y int5d work+ ) det]m9es ! size ( ! cam]a4 ,we h work$ ) all siz$ cam]as1 f qu>t]-plate up to "o tak+ tw5ty-f\r by tw5ty-two in* plates1 & x is only aft] long exp]i5ce & mu* consid]ation t we v5ture to (f] an op9ion on ! size to be *os54 ,= ord9>y "w1 !n1 we recomm5d ! half-plate size z ! m9imum1 & ! t5 by eight in* size z ! maximum4 ,p]haps a :ole-plate cam]a 7#h #f in*es7 is on ! :ole z useful z any4 ,! /r5g? requir$ to d a day's "w ) a twelve by t5 in* cam]a is beyond any b a /rong man4 ,x is assum$1 ( c\rse1 t ! pictures ( ! sizes cit$ are = albums1 portfolios1 or book illu/rations4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! size ( a picture has no?+ to d ) its arti/ic value1 an arti/ic qu>t]-plate picture is wor? a hundr$ commonplace pictures =ty by ?irty in*es 9 size4 ,= produc+ l>ge pictures = ! wall1 h[ev]1 we consid] ! cam]a %\ld be betwe5 fifte5 by twelve in*es & tw5ty-f\r by tw5ty-two in*es2 we _c imag9e any?+ l>g] ?an tw5ty-f\r by tw5ty-two in*es = out-door "w1 & our memory goes back to a m>% road 9 ,norfolk :]e we & two peasants _h all we c\ld d to c>ry a tw5ty-f\r by tw5ty-two in* cam]a :5 set up1 f "o m>% to ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,squ>e cam]as4 ,! /ud5t w ( c\rse rememb] t 8 cam]a mu/ be squ>e 9 ord] to h a rev]s+ frame fitt$1 b t makes no diff]5ce to ! d>k slides4 ,sid5ote3 ,l5g?4 ,hav+ !n fix$ on ! size ( 8 cam]a1 a "q requir+ ! greate/ ?\ght1 he mu/ next tell ! mak] ! l5g? ( bell[s he requires1 :i* is usually measur$ f front to back :5 ! cam]a is rack$ out to its full l5g?4 ,z we recomm5d ! use ( long-focus l5ses only1 z w be se5 9 ! *apt] on l5ses1 & z no def9ite law c be laid d[n = ?is l5g?1 x is advisable to ord] a cam]a f\r or five in*es long] ?an ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s :i* is adv]tis$ to cov] ! next l>g]-siz$ plate to t :i* y\r d>k slide holds4 ,sid5ote3 ,size ( plate4 ,& n[ = a caution aga9/ a fallacy /ill curr5t 9 photographic circles1 :i* is t "o size ( plate is m suitable = pictorial purposes ?an ano!r4 ,let no su* nons5se influ5ce y1 ! size ( ! plate has no?+ :atev] to d ) success or beauty4 ,e composition w dem& its own p>ticul> size & %ape1 & ?\gh y "w ) a t5 by eight in* cam]a or any o!r size1 y w f9d y w (t5 take a n9e by f\r in* or a t5 by ?ree in* plate or a doz5 o!r sizes & cut (f all ! re/4 ,all fanciful rules = fix+ on ! size ( a plate = pictorial reasons _c be too /rongly condemn$4 ,su* ?+s mu/ be left to ! individuality ( ea* arti/1 & e picture-gall]y 9 ,europe gives ! lie to all rules = a *oice ( size4 ,! arti/1 mu/ ( c\rse1 suit 8 canvas or plate to 8 subject1 n 8 subject to 8 canvas or plate4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udio cam]as4 ,= /udio1 or indoor "w1 ! cam]a may ( c\rse be heavi] = obvi\s reasons1 & a diff]5t =m ( support is necess>y1 ! "o usually adopt$ be+ v conv5i5t = l[]+ or rais+ ! l5s s t ! be/ po9t ( sight is obta9$ accord+ to ! position ( ! model4 ,x seems to u1 h[ev]1 t ^! /udio cam]as & /&s are made a great deal too heavy & cumb]some4 ,sid5ote3 ,hood4 ,= ?is k9d ( "w a v necess>y "p ( ! app>atus is a hood ( "s d>k mat]ial fix$ on to ! front ( ! cam]a & ext5d+ above & beyond ! l5s1 9 ord] to obviate ! effect ( ! num]\s reflections always pres5t 9 a glass /udio4 ,out ( doors ?is is only necess>y :5 ! sun is %9+ into ! l5s2 o!rwise x is nev] ne$$1 = we h tri$ x1 & h prov$ t its use has 9 no way improv$ ei!r ! tru? or ! arti/ic quality ( ! negative4 ,9 cases :]e ! sun %9es into ! l5s a hat1 a piece ( c>dbo>d1 a fold$ newspap]1 or any?+ ( ! k9d1 w answ] ! purpose equally well4 ,sid5ote3 ,tripod head4 ,! tripod head %\ld be pref]ably ( t\gh wood cov]$ ) felt4 ,a metal tripod head is apt to endang] ! woodwork ( ! cam]a1 ev5 :5 cov]$ ) lea!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,tripods4 ,! legs %\ld be simple & firm1 ! be/ we "k ( be+ made ( two pieces ( a% or oak h+$ at ! bottom1 ! po9ts %od ) iron1 & ! legs be+ /iff5$1 :5 9 position by a b> ( iron :i* is secur$ by a h+e4 ,e "o %\ld h two pairs ( legs at lea/2 "o pair1 s t :5 ! cam]a is set up ! l5s may be on a level ) ! eye ( a man ( av]age height1 & "o pair %ort]1 s t ! l5s is only ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,supplem5t>y poles4 ,9 addition to ^! we always h h&y ?ree t\gh poles eight feet long & ab\t ! diamet] ( a broom/ick2 ^! are %od ) iron heels1 & h not*es cut at ! un%od ends4 ,^! are mo/ useful to la% to ! long legs :5 us+ !m 9 wat]-ways4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\ble-backs4 ,x is z well to h six d\ble-backs1 = by fill+ !m all at "o op]ation ! /ud5t empties a box ( plates1 & s avoids a *ance ( mix+ expos$ & unexpos$ plates4 ,sid5ote3 ,bags4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t me?od ( c>ry+ ! plates 9 all cases up to & includ+ ! t5 by eight size1 is to h a bag made :i* w take ! cam]a1 ?ree d\ble-backs & ! focuss+ clo?1 & a sep>ate bag = ! o!r ?ree d\ble-backs :i* c be left or tak5 out at pleasure4 ,sid5ote3 ,clamp4 ,a v useful piece ( app>atus is a clamp :i* c be screw$ on any:]e1 b especially to a boat's gunwale1 ! taffrail ( a /eam]1 a f5ce1 & num]\s o!r places :5ce good pictures c (t5 be secur$4 ,su* a clamp c be pur*as$ at mo/ ( ! deal]s' %ops4 ,sid5ote3 ,sett+ up ! cam]a4 ,hav+ decid$ on ^! matt]s1 we w suppose ! novice is n[ provid$ ) cam]a & tripod4 ,n[ = a few details ab\t />t+4 ,9 sett+ up ! cam]a on its tripod1 "o leg %\ld be plac$ ei!r betwe5 ! photograph]'s legs or exactly opposite to him1 he w !n f9d he c comm& ! cam]a easily & alt] its position ) a t\*4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 ! legs are put up by *ance1 he w soon f9d 8 l5s play+ all sorts ( gymna/ic tricks1 "o mom5t look+ up z if ?reat5+ ! />s1 ! next /udy+ ) ! deepe/ int]e/ ! gr\nd at its foot4 ,sid5ote3 ,ris+ front4 ,! manipulation ( ! ris+ front is a p[] ne$+ consid]able /udy1 =1 by mov+ x1 y c regulate ! am\nt ( =egr\nd y wi% to include 9 y\r picture4 ,! limit ( rise ( ! front is det]m9$ by ! manufactur]1 & ! limit beyond :i* ! /ud5t mu/ n g is det]m9$ by ! cov]+ p[] ( ! l5s he is us+1 = he w rememb] t e l5s only cov]s a c]ta9 circle1 ! area ( ! circle dep5d+ on ! con/ruction ( ! l5s4 ,! usual me?od ( describ+ ! cov]+ p[] ( a l5s is to give ! measurem5ts ( ! greate/ p>allelogram t c be inscrib$ 9 ?is circle4 ,x w be easily se5 t if ! l5s we use only j cov]s ! plate1 t :5 ! front is rais$1 ! l[] corn]s w h no image expos$ on !m1 & ! high] ! l5s is c>ri$1 ! m ( ! l[] "p ( ! picture w be cut (f4 ,z ! image is upside d[n1 ! blank corn]s w appe> 9 ! sky ( ! negative4 ,x is !n obvi\s t if ! cov]+ capacity ( ! l5s is great] ?an ne$$ = ! plate us$1 ! ris+ front may be us$ to a mu* great] ext5t ?an if y only use a l5s adv]tis$ to cov] ! plate y are expos+4 ,x mu/ always be rememb]$ t if ! optical axis ( ! l5s be rais$ above ! c5tre ( ! plate ! illum9ation may be unequal4 ,sid5ote3 ,sw+-backs4 ,! effect ( ! horizontal & v]tical sw+-back is id5tical1 z is obvi\s if ! cam]a be plac$ on its side1 = ! horizontal sw+ becomes v]tical1 & vice v]s4 ,if ! cam]a be set up plumb1 ! effect ( us+ ! v]tical sw+-back to its extreme limits 7:i* are det]m9$ by ! me*anical con/ruction ( ! cam]a7 is to l5g!n objects 9 ! direction ( _! obliquity & to %>p5 !m4 ,:at does ?is mean f an art po9t ( view8 ,x means t z a rule x ?r[s ! :ole picture out ( draw+1 ! relative positions ( ! planes are alt]$1 ! relative def9ition 9 ! planes is alt]$ & !re=e ! relative values1 & !re=e z a rule ! picture1 is arti/ically injur$4 ,?is rule-(-?umb use ( ! sw+-back arose1 no d\bt1 f ! practice ( ^? craftsm51 untra9$ 9 art1 ^: aim 0 ! production ( 8%>p0 pictures4 ,! only legitimate ext5sive use ( ! sw+-back is :5 ! cam]a is tilt$ be=e an ar*itectural subject1 :5 x is q correct to h ! gr\nd-glass plumb1 al?\gh = our "p we deem ! tilt+ ( ! cam]a to be undesirable4 ,! sw+-backs c1 h[ev]1 be us$1 ) ! greate/ caution1 9 arti/ic "w1 & _! value c sc>cely be ov]rat$1 b x requires great k to use !m appropriately4 ,! subtle *anges 9 ! draw+ & composition ( a picture :i* c be obta9$ by an intellig5t use ( ! two sw+-backs1 make !m1 to ^? :o "k h[ to use !m1 mo/ valuable tools4 ,b if ! beg9n] w take our advice1 he w keep 8 gr\nd-glass plumb1 & 8 horizontal sw+-back squ>e1 & nev] v5ture to alt] ei!r until he has ?or\ghly ma/]$ 8 te*nique1 & has "s insight into ! pr9ciples ( art4 ,! use ( ^! sw+-backs seems s easy1 z ( c\rse x is1 :5 8%>pness0 is all ! desid]atum & embodim5t ( ! op]ator's k ( art1 b 9 reality none b arti/s "k _! real value4 ,by _! means1 ! impression ( ! :ole sc5e c (t5 be m truly r5d]$1 & ?+s c be subdu$ & kept back 9 ! mo/ wond]ful mann]2 & s9ce we wi% to get a true impression ( ! sc5e we are int]e/$ 91 n a reali/ic weal? ( detail1 x c be easily und]/ood h[ invaluable are ! sw+-backs :5 us$ cauti\sly4 ,sid5ote3 ,on impression & fact4 ,muybridge's gallop+ horses are 9 all ( _! movem5ts true1 b _m ( ^! are nev] se5 by ! eye1 s quick are !y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /ud5t1 if he goes to ! ,briti% ,museum1 c see 9 ! ,p>!non ,frieze t ! sculptors 9 "s cases c>v$ ! legs ( ! f>!/ (f ( ?ree horses 9 high] relief ?an ^? ( ! ne>] horses1 b if he goes (f a few paces & views ! c>v+ 9 its entirety1 he w see ! true impression is ga9$2 ! ne>e/ legs look ! f>!/ (f1 & s ! "w is true 9 impression1 ?\gh n true 9 absolute fact4 ,& ?\gh ! use ( ! sw+-back makes ! draw+ a little false1 yet if ! l5s we %all describe h]eaft] be us$1 ! falsity is s v slight z to be h>dly noticeable1 :ile x is f> m correct ?an any human h& guid$ alone by a human eye c r5d] x4 ,) art z ) sci5ce1 no?+ is absolutely correct1 ! p]sonal equation & errors ( exp]im5t mu/ be all[$ =1 b ! results are true en\gh = work+ purposes4 ,sid5ote3 ,p9-hole photography4 ,by p]=at+ a ?9 metal plate ) a m9ute hole1 l>ge en\gh only to admit a p9's po9t1 & fitt+ x to ! front ( ! cam]a 9 place ( ! l5s1 an image w be ?r[n on ! focuss+ scre51 z ! piece ( gr\nd glass at ! opposite end ( ! cam]a is call$4 ,if ! image be receiv$ on to a s5sitiz$ plate1 x w be impress$ on ! plate1 & c be develop$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,7 x n = ! great l5g? ( "t requir$ = exposure1 x w\ld be a great "q :e!r any l5s at all ne$ be us$ 9 photography1 b s9ce ! exposures requir$ to produce pictures )\t l5ses v>y r\ghly f "o to ?irty m9utes1 ?is me?od _c be s]i\sly consid]$ "h1 =1 z we %all %[1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 ! quick] ! exposure ! bett]2 nev]!less1 ! draw+ ( pictures tak5 9 su* way w\ld obvi\sly be correct4 ,9 cases :]e ! l5g? ( exposure is immat]ial1 ?is me?od w\ld be a wor?y field = exp]im5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,accid5ts to ! cam]a4 ,! /ud5t mu/ be c>eful to see t ! inside ( ! cam]a is a dead black1 & t x keeps s4 ,at times ! cam]a may leak or get out ( regi/]1 t is1 ! plate does n exactly take ! place ( ! gr\nd glass1 9 :i* case he %\ld at once s5d x to ! mak]4 ,sid5ote3 ,te/ = regi/]4 ,%\ld ! /ud5t wi% at any "t to te/ ! regi/] ( 8 cam]a1 he has only to p9 up a pr9t$ c>d & focus x z %>ply z possible1 us+ a magnify+ glass1 if "o is at h&4 ,!n load ! d>k-slide ) a plate ( gr\nd-glass1 & aft] slid+ x into position1 op5 ! slide 7if a d\ble-back7 :5 ! image w be se5 on ! gr\nd-glass plate1 & its %>pness c be not$4 ,if p]fectly %>p1 ! cam]a is 9 regi/]4 ,sid5ote3 ,h& cam]as4 ,a good =m ( small cam]a to be c>ri$ 9 ! h& is a great desid]atum = arti/ic /udies4 ,exquisite /udies ( figures1 birds1 & all sorts ( animal life c\ld be made ) su* a contrivance1 /udies admirably suitable = tail-pieces or illu/rations to g 9 ) ! text4 ,t !re are doz5s ( patt]ns ( h& cam]as commonly call$ 8detective cam]as10 we are well aw>e1 & we h tri$ "s ( ! be/1 b we h f\nd none satisfactory = arti/ic purposes1 & c !re=e recomm5d none4 ,we may "h rem>k t ! "n 8detective cam]a0 is1 9 our op9ion1 undesirable1 photograph]s ought n to h x ev5 sugge/$ to !m t !y are do+ mean1 spy+ "w ) _! cam]as1 :]eas ! t]m 8h& cam]a0 meets e requirem5t4 ,( c\rse ! small] cam]as adv]tis$ to be worn on ! p]son are no?+ b toys4 ,! cam]a we %\ld l to see introduc$ w\ld be a v light collapsible cam]a1 :i* c\ld be easily c>ri$ 9 ! pocket :5 n 9 use4 ,x %\ld be able to take pictures n l>g] ?an f\r & a half by ?ree & a half in*es1 & %\ld be fitt$ ) ! ,ea/man spools1 s t any numb] ( exposures c\ld be made4 ,! l5s %\ld be ,dallmey]'s long focus rectil9e> l&scape l5s1 fitt$ ) a good %utt]4 ,!re %\ld be a light view met] atta*$ to ! top4 ,!re is no necessity = a gr\nd-glass scre51 = on ! tail-bo>d c\ld be regi/]$ v>i\s di/ances1 at :i* ! film is 9 focus2 & s9ce = arti/ic purposes mo/ ( ! /udies w\ld be ( objects ne> at h&1 ?is arrangem5t w\ld be effectual4 ,sid5ote3 ,view f9d]4 ,_m h& cam]as are fitt$ ) a cam]a obscura4 ,! h&ie/ view f9d] = quick exposure "w is to fit a d\ble convex l5s ( ! same focal l5g? z ! work+ l5s to ! front ( ! cam]a1 & turn up ! focuss+ scre5 at "r angles to ! plane ( ! top ( ! cam]a1 :5 x may be secur$ by a small brass cat* fitt$ = ! purpose4 ,:5 ! focuss+ clo? is ?r[n ov] ! l5s & scre5 a tempor>y d\ble cam]a is made1 & ! mov+ objects c be wat*$ on ! gr\nd glass4 ,) exp]i5ce x is possible to judge by simply look+ ov] ! top ( ! cam]a4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,l5ses4 ,sid5ote3 ,optics4 ,we d n int5d to incorporate 9 ?is *apt] elem5t>y optics1 z ! subject is well kn[n to mo/ educat$ m51 b 9 case any read] %\ld "k no?+ ( light & optics1 we recomm5d him to get ,sid5ote3 ,ganot's ,physics4,ganot's ,physics1 & ?or\ghly ma/] at lea/ ! p>agraphs ( ,book ,,vii41 on 8,light10 t we enum]ate bel[4#aj ,?is may seem a little =midable1 b our read] w f9d t ) a v simple k ( ma!matics he c easily und]/& all ! sections m>k$1 & x is our op9ion t light & *emi/ry %\ld be /udi$ directly f sy/ematic text-books t treat ( ^? subjects4 ,9 ! ,app5dix we %all ref] to "s additional books :i* we consid] advisable = ! /ud5t to read1 b = ! pres5t we /rongly recomm5d him to ?or\ghly ma/] ! p>ts ( ,ganot t we h cit$1 & to avoid all o!r desultory read+ until he has done s4 ----- ,footnote #aj3 ,namely1 p>agraphs #dii1 #ejj1 #eja1 #ejb1 #ejc1 #ejd1 #ejf1 #ejh--! ,laws ( ! ,int5sity ( ,light1 #eji--,photomet]s1 ,rum=d's & ,buns5's1 #eaj1 #eaa--;fir/ pro( only1 #eab1 #eac1 #ead1 #eah1 #eai1 #ebd1 #ebe1 #ebh1 #ecc1 #ecf1 #ecg1 #ech1 #eci1 #edj1 #edb1 #edc1 #edd1 #eea1 #eeb1 #eed1 #eee1 #eef1 #eeh1 #efd1 #efe1 #eff1 #efg1 #efh1 #efi1 #egj1 #ega1 #egb1 #egc1 #egd1 #ege1 #egf1 #egi1 #ehj1 #eha1 #ehb1 #ehc1 #ehd1 #fjb1 #fjd1 #fab1 #fae1 #faf1 #fag1 #fah1 #fai1 #fbj1 #fba1 #fbe1 #fbf1 #fbg1 #fbh1 #fbi1 #fca1 #fcb1 #fcd1 #fce1 #fcf1 #fcg1 #fci1 #fdj1 #fda1 #fde1 #fdf1 #fej1 #feb1 #fee1 #fef1 #fei1 #ffa1 & #ffd4 ----- ,f> too mu* "t has be5 giv51 & f> too mu* importance has be5 hi!rto atta*$1 to ! subject ( optics 9 connection ) photography4 ,mu* "t & exp5se w\ld h be5 sav$ _h ! pione]s ( photography _h good art educations z well z ! elem5t>y k ( optics & *emi/ry :i* _m ( !m possess$1 = )\t art tra9+ ! practice ( photography came to be look$ ^u purely z a sci5ce1 & ! ideal "w ( ! photograph] 0 to produce an unnatural1 in>ti/ic & (t5 unsci5tific1 picture4 ,x is1 inde$1 a satire on photography1 & a blot :i* c nev] be entirely remov$1 t at ! v "t ! s-call$ sci5tific photograph]s 7 worry+ opticians to dea?1 & vy+ ) ea* o!r 9 produc+ ! greate/ untru?s1 !y 7 all ! :ile %\t+ 9 ! m>ket-place t _! object 0 to produce tru?ful works4 ,at l5g?1 :5 ! mo/ d\bly pat5t$ di/ort+ l5ses 7 made to meet _! dem&s1 !y1 ) imp]turbable self-confid5ce1 pres5t$ a %>p1 untrue photograph1 insi/+ ^u its tru?4 8,a tru] picture10 said !y1 8?an draw+20 8tru] ?an ! eye sees10 "s said4 ,9 %ort _! picture 0 absolutely p]fect4 ,:5 a l5s giv+ a brilliant picture1 ) all ! detail & %ad[s %>p1 & ! planes all equally %>p1 0 at la/ produc$1 ! sci5ti/s 7 9 excelsis4 ,b1 alas6 !y prov$ !mselves z unsci5tific z !y 7 in>ti/ic6 ,_h !y b tak5 up _! simple/ =m ( l5s & us$ x z a magnify+-glass1 !y w\ld h se5 imm$iately t all 0 n "r1 & in/ead ( clam\r+ = ! arti/ic falsities ( 8dep? ( focus10 8wide-angle views10 8sp>kle10 & ! o!r hydra-heads ( vulg>ity1 !y might h set to & made ! l5s :i* 0 requir$4 ,x 0 b a simple ?+ t 0 requir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,dallmey]'s long-focus l&scape l5s4 ,! "q !n arises--,:at is ! be/ l5s = arti/ic purposes8 ,t l5s is ,dallmey]'s new long-focus rectil9e> l&scape l5s4 ,?is summ] 7#ahhh7 we us$ "o ( ^! l5ses & 7 delight$ ) x4 ,sid5ote3 ,:y ?is l5s is ! be/4 ,:y is ?is ! be/ l5s = our purpose8 is ! "q t naturally arises4 ,x is ! be/ because be+ :at is call$ a long-focus l5s1 x _c be s ignorantly employ$ z c l5ses ( %ort] focus1 !re is no appreciable m>g9al di/ortion1 & ) op5 ap]ture ! outl9es ( ! image are s(tly & r\ndly r5d]$1 & 9 addition ! relative values seem to u to be m truly r5d]$ by x4 ,sid5ote3 ,be/ focal l5g? to use4 ,?is l5s !n be+1 z we ?9k1 ! be/ = arti/ic "w1 ! next "q t arises is :at focal l5g? ( l5s mu/ we use to get ! be/ results4 ,! /ud5t w be told ad nauseam t if he places 8 eye at ! di/ance ( ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s f ! photograph he is inspect+1 all w be well4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n always ! case4 ,he may prove x = himself by tak+ a l5s ( %ort focus & photograph+ any suitable object plac$ too ne> to him1 & he may !n place 8 eye at ! di/ance ( ! focal l5g?1 & if he be an arti/1 he w imm$iately detect t ! draw+ is false1 & ! di/ance is dw>f$ & pu%$ toge!r z comp>$ ) =egr\nd objects1 :il/ 9 a true draw+ ! proportions mu/ be true betwe5 ! =egr\nd objects & di/ant objects4 ,?is misuse ( ! l5s is :at leads to ! production ( s _m photographs false 9 draw+1 & x is evid5t t s9ce _m ( ^! falsely drawn photographs h be5 & are a basis = _m sci5tific purposes1 ! d$uctions bas$ ^u !m w h to be reconsid]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]im5t = f9d+ a r\gh rule = ! use ( l5ses4 ,! next "q is1 :at proportion1 z a rule1 %\ld ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s be> to ! base ( ! picture to give approximately true p]spective del9eation8 ,?is proportion %\ld be z two to "o1 t is1 ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s %\ld be z a r\gh work+ rule twice z long z ! base ( ! picture4 ,we arriv$ at ! result by mak+ a s]ies ( draw+s on ! gr\nd glass ( ! cam]a1 & comp>+ !m ) a p]spective draw+ made ^u a glass plate4 ,opticians h arriv$ at ! same conclusion1 = we f9d ?is is ! r\gh rule /at$ by ,mr4 ,dallmey] 9 8 8,*oice ,l5ses40 ,sid5ote3 ,comm5ts4 ,! falsity ( ! /atem5t t photographs are always true--a /atem5t t has be5 9 vogue f ! e>lie/ photographic days--is !n app>5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,false draw+ produc+ false tonality4,x w n[ be obvi\s :y "s l5ses make ponds ( puddles1 & o!rwise falsify ! l&scape4 ,?is fact w\ld h long ago be5 notic$ _h arti/s always se5 ! l&scape f :i* ! photograph _h be5 tak54 ,ano!r ?+ :i* a wide-angle l5s1 if wrongly us$1 does1 is1 9 ! case ( a picture ) cl\ds1 to draw d[n & cr[d toge!r ! cl\ds1 & def9e !m m %>ply ?an ! eye sees !m1 s t :5 ! negative is pr9t$ !y appe> too /rong 9 value1 & ! :ole picture is ?r[n out ( tone1 & is !re=e false & in>ti/ic1 ev5 if ! l5s be correctly us$2 ?is fault is g5]ally pres5t 9 pictures tak5 ) ^! l5ses4 ,sid5ote3 ,l5ses recomm5d$4 ,x w be se5 f our rem>ks1 !re=e1 t ! only l5s we recomm5d = arti/ic "w is ,dallmey]'s new rectil9e> l&scape l5s4 ,at lea/ two ( ^! %\ld be obta9$ ( diff]5t focal l5g?s1 "o ( :i* is adv]tis$ to cov] a plate a size l>g] ?an t us$ by ! photograph]1 & ! second to cov] ! same siz$ plate t he uses4 ,9 addition a rapid rectil9e> l5s z adv]tis$ to cov] a plate ( ! same size z 8 cam]a1 w be f\nd v useful = quick] "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,l5ses = special purposes4 ,= special purposes1 = example 9 photograph+ beetles1 or fi%1 or fl[]s = sci5tific manuals1 ! f9e/ l5ses procurable mu/ be us$1 & %>pness1 brilliancy1 c41 are vital qualities 9 su* cases1 = ! "w desir$ is diagrammatic & n arti/ic1 b 9 ^! cases also ! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 to use ! l5ses prop]ly1 s t ! draw+ is correctly r5d]$4 ,ignorant critics & en?usia/ic p>tisans alike h claim$ = photography1 z its *ief m]it1 8tru?fulness40 ,z has be5 %[n1 a photograph may be v false inde$4 ,sid5ote3 ,composite photography4 ,ano!r *im]a is t ( 8composite photography10 to :i* we %all aga9 ref]4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,galton tells u he uses an ord9>y portrait l5s = 8 "w1 & gives no o!r details1 t is q suffici5t1 9 our op9ion1 to s]i\sly impair ! value ( 8 8composites10 ev5 7 !re no o!r consid]ations4 ,sid5ote3 ,portraits tak5 ) rapid rectil9e> l5s4 ,! only really arti/ic s]ies ( photographic portraits we h ev] se51 namely1 ^? by ,mrs4 ,cam]on1 7 tak5 ) ! next be/ l5s to t advocat$1 namely1 a rapid rectil9e> l5s1 b ev5 !y w\ld h be5 improv$ by ! use ( ! new l5s4 ,we h besides se5 "h & !re really arti/ic portraits by o!rs 7b ^! 7 ! result ( *ance1 z no second picture 0 ev] produc$ by ! same work]71 & !y 7 tak5 by a rapid rectil9e> l5s4 ,mrs4 ,cam]on1 ?\gh n an arti/1 _h k en\gh to see t ! portrait l5ses ( ! day 7 undesirable = h] "w4 ,& "h x may be rem>k$ t a great ignorance ( optics is z h>mful z wa/+ too mu* "t ^u its /udy4 ,"o indu/rial portrait photograph]1 :o has v occasionally succe$$ 9 produc+ an arti/ic picture1 prides himself1 we are told1 on n kn[+ :at l5s he uses4 ,su* a man c nev] be an arti/1 = he _c "k :e!r 8 "w be true or false4 ,to appreciate fals5ess 9 draw+ requires consid]able tra9+4 ,an av]age judge ( photography might discov] gross di/ortion ( limbs1 due to viol5t p]spective2 b h[ _m w\ld notice ! false draw+ 9 a face :i* is tak5 ) a portrait l5s8 ,sid5ote3 ,diaphragms4 ,suppli$ ) 8 l5ses1 ! /ud5t w f9d 8/ops10 or diaphragms4 ,! "n1 8/op10 sugge/s its use4 ,by mak+ ! light pass ?r\gh a contract$ hole1 ! weak m>g9al rays are cut (f1 & ! image is !re=e made %>p] all ov]1 sph]ical ab]ration is r$uc$1 & ! dep? ( focus is increas$4 ,b ?\gh diaphragms are us$ to correct an error1 yet ! ignorant use ( !m is z great a s\rce ( error4 ,"o ( ! causes ( %>ply def9$ & false heavy %ad[s 9 ! mu*-vaunt$ 8%>p photographs0 is due to focuss+ %>ply1 & 8/opp+ d[n10 t is1 to us+ a small diaphragm4 ,?is is ! inv>iable practice ( mo/ photograph]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,modifi$ diaphragms4 ,"s +5i\s work]s h sugge/$ modifications 9 ! con/ruction ( diaphragms1 ) a view to improv+ ! picture2 "o ( ^! be+ a pap] diaphragm1 made transluc5t ) ca/or oil2 b we h n f\nd any advantage 9 ^! novelties4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a legitimate field = exp]im5t1 & transluc5t diaphragms might be tri$ 9 indoor "w & bright out-door effects4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5sity ( l5s4 ,! /ud5t w (t5 see 9 photographic pap]s t a l5s works at ,f_/#h1 or ,f_/#cb1 or "s o!r numb]4 ,?is simply expresses ! ratio betwe5 ! work+ ap]ture & ! equival5t focus ( ! l5s1 & is obta9$ by divid+ ! equival5t focus by ! work+ ap]ture4 ,f_/#h !n means ! ap]ture is "o-eigh? ( ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s ref]r$ to4 ,! rapidity ( l5ses are comp>$ 9 ?is way by squ>+ ! d5om9ators ( ! fractions ?us obta9$2 :5 ! results w give ! ratios ( rapidity4 ,sid5ote3 8,dep? ( focus40,by 8dep? ( focus0 is r\ghly meant ! %>p r5d]+ ( ! diff]5t planes ( a l&scape1 or any object ) m ?an "o plane 9 "o plane4 ,ne$less to say1 ?is quality1 greatly s\ght = 9 l5ses by photograph]s1 is a ?+ to be c>efully avoid$ 9 arti/ic "w1 z we %all %[ lat] on4 ,sid5ote3 ,fl>e spot4 ,by a fl>e spot is meant a circul> spot on ! focuss+ scre51 :i* receives m light ?an ! surr\nd+ field2 x is said to be caus$ by ! diaphragms be+ wrongly plac$4 ,! same effect is produc$ :5 ! sun %9es into ! l5s1 ! light be+ !n reflect$ f ! brass tub+ ( ! l5s1 & x is = t reason t ! l5s mu/ be c>efully %ad$ dur+ exposure1 :5 ! sun is directly 9 front ( ! cam]a4 ,sid5ote3 ,angle ( view4 ,! angle ( view includ$ by a l5s is an important consid]ation1 & we %all ref] to ?is lat] on2 "h we %all only %[ h[ ?is angle may be det]m9$ :5 ! /ud5t wi%es to d s4 ,! angle dep5ds on two factors1 ! l5g? ( ! base l9e ( ! picture1 & ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s4 ,?is is practically det]m9$ by rul+ a horizontal l9e ! actual l5g? ( ! base l9e ( ! picture1 & draw+ f ! c5tre ( ?is l9e a p]p5dicul> equal 9 l5g? to ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s4 ,complet+ ! triangle1 we h 9 ! angle conta9$ by ! two sides ( ! triangle ! requir$ angle1 :i* c be measur$ by an angle measur]4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t if ! base ( ! picture is great] ?an or equal to ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s1 ! angle includ$ w v>y betwe5 #ec & #ij2 b if ! base is less ?an ! focal l5g?1 ^! angles w v>y betwe5 #dd & #ai1 or less4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t ! long-focus l5ses give m suitable angles ( view = pictorial purposes4 ,sid5ote3 ,h9ts on l5ses4 ,delicate optical in/rum5ts1 l l5ses1 mu/1 x is ne$less to say1 be c>efully protect$4 ,a good l5s %\ld be free f scrat*es1 /riations1 dull pat*es1 due to imp]fect poli%+1 & ve9s2 b air bubbles d n affect its value1 = x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! %ape ( ! hole ?r\gh :i* ! light passes does n affect ! image1 save only by cutt+ (f "s ( ! light4 ,?us1 if a waf] be /uck to ! c5tre ( ! l5s1 ! image w be f\nd unimpair$4 ,du/ & dirt1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y d n s]i\sly impair ! def9ition ( ! image1 yet cut (f mu* light1 z w occur to any "o :5 he ?9ks ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! light ( a room1 :5 ! w9d[s are dirty1 & :5 !y are p]fectly clean4 ,l5ses %\ld n be left 9 bright sunlight1 = ?is causes a *ange t sl[s !m1 ! d>k also injures !m 9 c]ta9 cases1 =1 z all microscopi/s "k well1 d>kness causes a *ange 9 ,canada balsam1 ) :i* l5ses are cem5t$ toge!r4 ,mr4 ,dallmey] insi/s t l5ses %\ld be kept dry & free f sudd5 *anges ( temp]ature1 o!rwise !y may t>ni% or sweat1 z x is call$4 ,any "o :o has be5 tr\bl$ ) ?is sweat+ w nev] =get x4 ,our exp]i5ce is t ! be/ way to keep l5ses is 9 small lea!r1 velvet-l9$ cases4 ,we g5]ally keep ) !m a piece ( s(t *amois lea!r1 or an old silk h&k]*ief4 ,no comp\nd ( any k9d %\ld be us$ to clean l5ses1 if any?+ appe>s to be go+ wrong ) !m1 !y %\ld at once be s5t to ! mak]4 ,sid5ote3 ,view-met]4 ,a valuable little tool is a view-met]4 ,! h&ie/ & compacte/ we h se5 is t suppli$ 9 telescopic =m4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,d>k ,,room ,,& ,,app>atus4 ,sid5ote3 ,d>k room4 ,!re is no ne$ to despair if !re is no d>k room1 no place to build "o1 no means to pay = "o4 ,"s ( our mo/ successful plates 7 develop$ 9 a scull]y1 & o!rs 9 ! b$room ( a h\se-boat4 ,sid5ote3 ,develop+ rule4 ,9 fact1 ! soon] ! /ud5t le>ns to develop any:]e1 ! bett]1 = no "o1 /udy+ to d arti/ic "w1 %\ld leave 8 plates till 8 return home 7if he is away on a j\rney72 !y %\ld )\t fail be develop$ ! same day on :i* !y are expos$4 ,sid5ote3 ,d>k room4 ,only = portraiture is a d>k room v necess>y1 & y _c d bett] ?an build "o z sugge/$ by ,capta9 ,abney1 9 8 8,treatise on ,photography10 modify+ x to suit y\r ta/e & means4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 y %\ld be c>eful ab\t1 & t is ! v5tilation1 & money %\ld n be sp>$ on t dep>tm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,v5tilation4 ,! d>k room c be sci5tifically v5tilat$ by any good sanit>y eng9e]4 ,we h already1 else:]e1 gone into ! subject ( v5tilation ( d>k rooms1 w>n+ photograph]s ( ! p]nici\s effects ( defective v5tilation4#aa ,sid5ote3 ,app>atus4 ,! be/ s9ks are made ( e>!nw>e1 z suppli$ by ,d\lton4 ,! lamp %\ld be l>ge1 & give a good light4 ,sid5ote3 ,ruby glass4 ,ruby glass is1 to "s1 injuri\s to ! eyesight1 & has be5 kn[n to produce nausea & vomit+1 9 :i* cases ca!dral gre5 & yell[ glass %\ld be us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,di%es4 ,! photograph] w require at lea/ eight di%es1 & at ! v />t he %\ld make x a rule nev] to use a di% save = "o purpose4 ,we consid] ! be/ di%es = all purposes are made ( ebonite4 ,!y %\ld be b\ght 9 a ne/1 ! smalle/ size tak+ ! l>ge/ plate us$ by ! op]ator1 & ! o!r sev5 increas+ 9 size1 s t "o fits into ! o!r4 ,?is makes !m m conv5i5t = c>riage4 ,! di%es %\ld be m>k$ by pa9t+ on _! bottoms4 ,"o w be want$ = develop+1 "o = ! alum ba?1 "o = ! *ang+ ba?1 "o = ! hyposulphite ba?1 "o = ! acid ba? 9 develop+ plat9otype pr9ts1 "o = ! wat] ba? 9 ! same process1 "o = an int5sify+ ba?1 leav+ "o ov] = odd jobs4 ----- ,footnote #aa3 8,v5tilation ( ! ,d>k ,room0 & 8,ammonia ,poison+0 9 ! 8,ye> ,book ( ,photography & ,photographic ,news ,almanac0 = #ahhe-hg1 & on 8,ph>yngitis & ,photography0 9 ! 8,ye> ,book ( ,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,photography0 = #ahhg4 ----- ,:5 x is rememb]$ t hyposulphite ( soda is s 8se>*+0 t x has be5 kn[n to p5etrate ?r\gh ! ord9>y s-call$ 8porcela90 di%es & cry/allize on ! outside1 "o may judge h[ important x is to keep a sep>ate di% = ea* op]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,light cov]4 ,a light wood5 bo>d ) a h&le is mo/ conv5i5t = putt+ ov] ! develop+ di%1 9 ! e>li] /ages ( develop+1 especially :5 us+ or?o-*romatic plates1 b ! /ud5t mu/ be c>eful to keep x on a %elf by itself4,sid5ote3 ,sable bru%4 ,ano!r requisite is a broad bru% ( f9e sable hair1 say ?ree in*es broad1 ?is _h bett] be kept p]fectly dry & clean 9 a box ( its own4 ,sid5ote3 ,*emical solutions4 ,! *emical solutions %\ld be kept 9 bottles ) glass /opp]s1 ea* bottle %\ld h an enamell$ label1,sid5ote3 ,plate wa%]4 s t x c be readily se5 9 ! d>k room1 & _c be de/roy$ by acids4 ,a z9c wa%+ tr\gh :i* holds two doz5 plates mu/ be procur$4 ,sid5ote3 ,dra9age rack4 ,travell+ lamp4 ,a simple wood5 dra9age rack is also necess>y4 ,we h tri$ sev]al travell+ lamps1 & h s f> f\nd no satisfactory "o4 ,!re are sev]al 9 ! m>ket1 & ! photograph] mu/ *oose 8 own4 ,sid5ote3 ,measures4 ,two measur+-glasses at lea/ mu/ be procur$1 & x is a good plan to use ,hicks' opaque glass measures1 z !y c be s easily read 9 ! d>k room4 ,x is z well to h "o m9im glass to hold sixty m9ims1 & a l>ge measure to take ! full quantity ( develop] requir$ = "o plate4 ,sid5ote3 ,scales4 ,a pair ( ord9>y scales ) weights 7apo!c>ies'71 co/+ a few %ill+s1 w complete ! li/ ( app>atus requir$4,sid5ote3 ,pr9t+ frames4 ,a few simple pr9t+ frames w be want$1 "o ( :i* %\ld be a size l>g] ?an ! plate us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,slabs ( glass4,a squ>e slab ( glass1 ! size ( ! plate1 & ano!r a few in*es l>g] ea* way1 w be f\nd ! be/ = trimm+ pr9ts ^u4 ,a razor or v %>p knife w be f\nd ! be/ tool = ?is purpose4 ,our /ud5t %\ld get all ^! ?+s ( good quality1 & set 8 face aga9/ ! syr5s :o :isp] 9 8 e> t he ought to get ?is1 & ought to h t2 he does n want any?+ m ?an we h told him1 a great] numb] ( ?+s w only emb>rass him4 ,we are p]fectly well aw>e t ! mo/ elaborate fitt+s h be5 put up by 8amateurs0 & 8pr(essionals10 & we are equally aw>e t ^! h z yet n l$ to ! production ( a s+le picture4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,/udio4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udio4 ,= portraiture a /udio is a necessity = obta9+ ! be/ results4 ,we %all v briefly discuss ! "q ( /udios1 = we hold t1 provid$ a /udio be l>ge en\gh & light en\gh1 !re is n mu* else to consid]4 ,we h be5 9 sev]al /udios1 & work$ = a consid]able "t 9 !m1 "o ( :i* we1 hav+ hir$1 _h all to ourselves1 s t our rem>ks are bas$ on ! exp]i5ce ( /udios photographic1 z well z on ^? ( pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,sid5ote3 ,top & side light4 ,! be/ light is und\bt$ly a top light & a side light1 ! side light rea*+ to )9 a few feet ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is a common fallacy among "s portrait photograph]s t ! side light %\ld rea* to ! gr\nd1 s t ! boots may be light$4 ,su* an idea evid5tly arises f a misconception ( ! ?+ requir$2 ! boots are to be subdu$ z mu* z possible1 x is ! model's portrait we want1 n t ( 8 boots4 ,! /udio 9 ?is c\ntry %\ld1 if possible1 face nor?1 or nor?-ea/1 ! ro( slop+ at an incl9ation ( half a "r angle4 ,!re %\ld be no tall build+s /&+ ne> x1 z ext]ior %ad[s & reflections int]f]e ) ! purity ( light+4 ,sid5ote3 ,build+ a /udio4 ,we d n int5d to give specifications = ! build+ ( a /udio1 = ?is has be5 already admirably done1 & we advise any "o propos+ to build to consult ,dr4 ,e4 ,l4 ,wilson's 8,photographics10 page #afc et seq4 ,sid5ote3 ,dr4 ,wilson's specification4 ,9 our op9ion ?is description leaves no?+ to be desir$2 ?is proviso only be+ made1 t ! /udio be made long en\gh to use a long-focus l5s1 t %all give u correct draw+4 ,we h n tri$ ,dallmey]'s new l5ses 9 a /udio1 b if quick en\gh !y %\ld be us$ 9 pref]5ce to all o!rs4 ,ev5 if ^! l5ses be n quick en\gh = /udio "w1 no d\bt "o w soon be made t w be quick en\gh4 ,sid5ote3 ,glaz+4 ,! glaz+ %\ld n ext5d f "o end ( ! /udio to ! o!r2 an unglaz$ space %\ld be left at ea* end4 ,by curta9s ! l5g? ( glaz+ c always be %ort5$4 ,sid5ote3 ,walls4 ,a grey di/emp] is p]haps ! mo/ suitable col\r = ! walls4 ,sid5ote3 ,home portraiture4 ,successful portraits c be tak5 9 ord9>y sitt+-rooms1 b we d n ?9k ! be/ results c be obta9$ 9 ?is way4 ,reg>d+ bus9ess arrangem5ts & conv5i5ces1 we h no?+ to d ) !m4 ,,furniture4 ,sid5ote3 ,furniture4 ,! old1 & ev5 mod]n1 portrait pa9t]s are answ]able = _m ( ! faults to ?is day committ$ by photograph]s1 because !y take portrait pa9t]s z models4 ,lawr5ce 0 especially guilty 9 ! use ( conv5tional backgr\nds & accessories4 ,( photographic furniture1 z g5]ally und]/ood1 !re %\ld be none4 ,! /udio %\ld be furni%$ simply1 & ) ta/e1 z an ord9>y sitt+-room4 ,!re %\ld be no %ams ( any k9d1 & ! furniture %\ld be *os5 ) a reg>d to unobtrusiv5ess & grace1 r ?an to massive beauty4 ,all heavy curta9s1 drap]ies1 hot-h\se plants1 & su* incongru\s lumb]1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t :at is want$ is a portrait--! face1 or figure1 or bo?--& all accessories %\ld be subdu$4 ,x is v little use to lay d[n rules = ^! ?+s1 all mu/ dep5d on ! individual ta/e ( ! photograph]4 ,sid5ote3 ,objets d',art1 s call$4 ,b1 above all1 avoid %ams & *eap ornam5tal objects1 su* z *eap bronzes1 *9a pots1 & ,birm+ham bric--brac4 ,! *airs %\ld be uphol/]$ ) "s good pla9 col\r$ clo?1 ) no patt]n1 & ! floor c>pet$ ) matt+1 or a simply col\r$ c>pet )\t patt]n4 ,let simplicity & h>mony pr$om9ate4 ,! room 9 fact %\ld be a h>mony 9 "s cool col\r1 & ! furniture %\ld n be felt :5 9 ! room4 ,our advice is1 buy y\r furniture any:]e1 save at a photographic furniture deal]'s4 ,sid5ote3 ,head-re/s4 ,head-re/s mu/ be entirely taboo$4 ,we h tak5 _m portraits1 "s ) v long exposures1 & no head-re/ 0 necess>y4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t5 x simply ru9s ! portrait f an arti/ic po9t ( view4 ,sid5ote3 ,reflectors4 ,reflectors1 on light /&s1 %\ld be ready = use2 b x is obvi\sly errone\s to use l>ge & unwieldy reflectors4 ,! reflector is really only necess>y = ! head & %\ld]s2 = our object is to subdue all o!r p>ts z mu* z possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,backgr\nds4 ,all artificial backgr\nds %\ld be bani%$1 toge!r ) su* /upid lumb] z bani/]s1 p$e/als1 & /iles3 !y are all in>ti/ic 9 ! extreme4 ,x is a false idea to repres5t p 9 positions !y are nev] f\nd 9--su* z a girl 9 ev5+ dress aga9/ a seascape1 & all ! o!r hide\s conv5tionalities ( ! craftsman's imag9ation4 ,! backgr\nd--:i* is a matt] ( vital importance--%\ld be arrang$ to suit ! sitt]1 t is1 a h>mony ( col\r %\ld be aim$ at4 ,light fabrics )\t patt]ns1 or pieces ( tape/ry1 w s]ve e purpose1 & give mo/ arti/ic results4 ,! portraiti/ %\ld keep a selection ( pieces ( fabric ( light hues1 & a light skeleton scre5 c be kept ready1 to :i* to tack !m z requir$1 suit+ ! col\r to ! dress ( ! sitt]4 ,gradat$ backgr\nds are a mi/ake1 ! tonality is mu* bett] %[n by hav+ a backgr\nd ( "o t9t1 & s arrang+ ! light t ! modell+ & tonality %all be subtle & true4 ,bread? & simplicity are ! f\ndation ( all good "w4 ,! backgr\nd %\ld nev] be plac$ close beh9d ! sitt]1 z is cu/om>y2 b its di/ance f ! sitt] %\ld be /udi$ ) ! light+4 ,z a rule1 x is bett] to place ! backgr\nd ?ree or f\r feet f ! back ( ! sitt]4 ,:at is requir$1 is t ! head %all melt s(tly into ! backgr\nd1 & yet reta9 its modell+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cam]a4 ,! cam]a %\ld "w ) a %utt]--! ,cadett pneumatic %utt] = portraiture be+ z good z any we "k--& ! pneumatic app>atus %\ld h a v long india-rubb] tube atta*$1 = reasons to be expla9$ lat] on4 ,sid5ote3 ,artificial light portraits4 ,means may be arrang$ = tak+ pictures by artificial light1 if necess>y1 ?\gh p]sonally we d n c>e = !m4 ,! tonality1 ?\gh true to ! light1 has a false1 artificial appe>ance by day4 ,!re are _m me?ods ( mak+ artificially light$ pictures2 ! be/1 9 our op9ion1 are ^? tak5 by ! electric light4 ,o!rs are done by gas1 & by magnesium fla%es2 a me?od q rec5tly reviv$ z some?+ new1 :]eas x is v old4 ,! be/ ( ^? we h se5 7 done by ! ,am]ican 8blitz-pulv]20 b ! results appe>$ to u some:at artificial4 ,we ?9k arti/s w always avoid ^! artificial lights4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udio effects4 ,y mu/ rememb] t 9 a /udio y are tak+ a p]son 9 a room1 & t is ! impression y mu/ try to get 9 y\r picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,a light+ rule4 ,x is a false idea & an in>ti/ic "o to endeav\r to repres5t outdoor effects 9 a /udio4 ,/udio light+ & outdoor light+ are radically diff]5t1 & 9 a /udio y h only to try & give an indoor effect4 ,?is has be5 ! pr9ciple ( all great arti/s4 ,none b an amateur c\ld fail to notice ! falsity ( light+ z se5 9 outdoor subjects tak5 9 ! /udio4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udio light+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 a /udio y may get any effect ( light+ y c = indoor subjects1 = all su* effects are to be se5 9 a room by a c>eful obs]v]4 ,sid5ote3 ,adam ,salomon4 ,adam ,salomon took _m ( 8 portraits 9 front ( a r$-glass w9d[4 ,?is is q legitimate1 z is also ! arrangem5t ( fabrics = ! backgr\nd1 & ! dictat+ :at col\r$ dress ! sitt] %all we>4 ,let our /ud5t "w 9 h>monies ( col\r z mu* z possible1 & let him nev] take outdoor effects 9 a /udio4 ,make ! room z mu* l a com=table sitt+-room z possible1 & hide all ! tools ( ! craft4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,focuss+4 ,sid5ote3 ,focuss+4 ,hav+ n[ se5 ! pr9ciples by :i* we mu/ be gov]n$1 & ! app>atus requir$1 we w briefly apply !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to focalize4 ,by focuss+ we und]/&1 br++ ! gr\nd-glass into ! plane :i* co9cides ) ! %>pe/ projection ( ! image2 ! position ( ?is plane v>y+ ( c\rse accord+ to ! focal l5g? ( ! l5s & ! di/ance ( ! object f ! l5s4 ,presum+1 !n1 t ! cam]a is 9 regi/]1 & set squ>ely be=e ! object to be photograph$1 z c be det]m9$ by ! _s-levels1 let ! /ud5t proce$ to focus 8 picture z %>ply z he c )\t any /op4 ,he mu/ be c>eful t ! sw+-backs are p>allel to ! front planes ( ! cam]a4 ,sid5ote3 ,m5tal attitude infocuss+4 ,n[ ! great habit to cultivate is to ?9k 9 values & masses1 t is1 y mu/1 9 y\r m9d1 by con/ant practice1 analyze nature into masses & values1 & if y con/antly practise ?is at ! beg9n+1 y w f9d t x becomes a habit1 & automatically1 z y look at a sc5e or a p]son1 y w see on ! gr\nd-glass ( y\r m9d ! object translat$ into black & :ite masses1 & y w notice _! relative values4 ,?is habit is absolutely necess>y = arti/ic "w1 = x is by ?is analysis t y w le>n to "k :at is suitable = pictorial art1 & :at is n2 = if ! masses & values 9 a picture are n correctly express$1 no?+ w ev] put ! picture "r4 ,our own exp]i5ce has be5 t :]e ?is analysis has left an impression ( a few /rong masses1 ! picture has always be5 /rong] :5 f9i%$ ?an o!rwise4 ,n[ our /ud5t1 hav+ %>ply focuss$ 8 picture ) op5 ap]ture1 mu/ take 8 head f b5ea? ! focuss+ clo?1 & look /eadily at 8 picture2 fix+ 8 eye on ! pr9cipal object 9 ! picture1 he %\ld g ?r\gh ?is m5tal analysis1 & at ! same "t note c>efully h[ mu* detail he c see1 bo? 9 ! field ( direct & indirect vision2 & 8 sole object %\ld be to r5d] truly ! impression ?us obta9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to 8/op d[n40 ,he %\ld !n look on ! focuss+ scre51 & putt+ 9 8 l>ge/ diaphragm1 & us+ 8 sw+-backs1 & alt]+ ! focuss+ z may be necess>y1 see h[ truly he c get ?is impression1 always rememb]+ t ! l>g] ! diaphragm he uses ! bett]4 ,= ?is reason he %\ld always beg9 ) an op5 ap]ture1 & "w d[n to ! small]-siz$ diaphragm z ne$$4 ,by work+ 9 ?is way1 he w soon see :at m>vell\s p[] & comm& he has ov] 8 translation1 all by ! judici\s use ( 8 focuss+ scre51 sw+-backs1 & diaphragm comb9$4 ,9 focuss+ he mu/ rememb] "o ?+1--nev] to focus s t x c be detect$ 9 ! picture :]e ! %>p] focuss+ ends1 & ! less %>p focuss+ beg9s--z c be br\ght ab\t by diaphragms4 ,! %>pness %\ld be gradat$ g5tly4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr\nd-glass picture false4 ,he mu/ also rememb] t ! gr\nd-glass picture is false & deceptive 9 its brightness1 due to obvi\s physical facts4 ,?is is a po9t ( great importance1 :i* mu/ n be =gott5 :5 we are develop+4 ,sid5ote3 ,cam]a obscura4 ,! gr\nd-glass picture1 ?\gh greatly admir$ by ! ,tramontane ma/]s1 & approv$ by ,canaletto & ,rib]a1 z ,c\nt ,alg>otti assures u 9 "o ( 8 raptures on ! cam]a obscura1 is n s natural & beautiful z x may appe> f ! toy po9t ( view1--x is n :at ! arti/ wants1 any m ?an he wants ! pictures ( an ord9>y cam]a obscura1 = if ^! pictures 7 satisfy+ 9 an arti/ic s5se1 e "o c\ld1 by erect+ a cam]a obscura1 h ! satisfaction ( 8 desire1 & !re w\ld soon be an end to ! pictorial arts1 photography includ$2 = no "o :o lov$ ?is picture s de>ly w\ld want a cam]a to take photographs )1 b only "o to look ?r\gh4 ,! deceptive lum9osity ( ! gr\nd-glass picture mu/ n be all[$ to influ5ce our normal m5tal analysis ( ! natural sc5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,rule = focuss+4 ,z we said be=e1 !re=e1 ! pr9cipal object 9 ! picture mu/ be fairly %>p1 j z %>p z ! eye sees x1 & no %>p]2 b ev]y?+ else1 & all o!r planes ( ! picture1 mu/ be subdu$1 s t ! result+ pr9t %all give an impression to ! eye z ne>ly id5tical z possible to ! impression giv5 by ! natural sc5e4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 x mu/ be di/9ctly und]/ood t s call$ 8fuzz9ess0 mu/ n be c>ri$ to ! l5g? ( de/roy+ ! /ructure ( any object1 o!rwise x becomes noticeable1 & by attract+ ! eye detracts f ! g5]al h>mony1 & is !n j z h>mful z excessive %>pness w\ld be4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n1 t x is always necess>y to ?r[ ! pr9cipal object slightly 7(t5 only j p]ceptibly7 out ( focus1 to obta9 a natural appe>ance1 except :5 !re is mu* moi/ure 9 ! air1 z on a heavy mi/-lad5 grey day1 :5 we h f\nd t ! pr9cipal object 7out ( doors7 may be focuss$ q %>ply1 & yet appe> natural1 = ! mi/ scatt]+ ! light s(t5s ! cont\rs ( all objects4 ,no?+ 9 nature has a h>d outl9e1 b ev]y?+ is se5 aga9/ some?+ else1 & its outl9es fade g5tly into t some?+ else1 (t5 s subtilely t y _c q di/+ui% :]e "o ends & ! o!r beg9s4 ,9 ?is m+l$ decision & indecision1 ?is lo/ & f\nd1 lies all ! *>m & my/]y ( nature4 ,?is is :at ! arti/ seeks1 & :at ! photograph]1 z a rule1 /r5u\sly avoids4 ,sid5ote3 ,example4 ,z ?is loss ( outl9e increases ) ! greyness produc$ by atmosph]e1 x foll[s t x is great] on grey days & 9 ! di/ance2 & less on bright1 sun%9y days4 ,= ?is reason1 !re=e1 ! /ud5t mu/ be v c>eful on bright days ab\t 8 focuss+1 = on su* days !re is (t5 no mi/ to assi/ him1 b /ill he mu/ keep ! planes sep>ate1 or he has no picture4 ,let u imag9e an example3 ,a decay+ wood5 l&+-/age /&s b5ea? "s weep+ will[s at ! edge ( a lake4 ,f ! l&+-/age a pa? leads ?r\gh a g>d5 to a ?at*$ cottage "o hundr$ y>ds di/ant2 beh9d ! cottage is an av5ue ( tall popl>s4 ,on ! l&+-/age /&s a beautiful sun-bronz$ village girl 9 a pla9 pr9t dress3 %e is lean+ aga9/ ! will[ & is look+ dreamily at ! wat]4 ,we r[ by on ! lake1 & are /ruck by ! picture1 b above all by ! dazzl+ native beauty ( ! peasant girl3 our eyes are fix$ on ! ruddy face & we c look at no?+ else4 ,if we are cool en\gh to analyze ! picture1 :at is x we see directly & %>ply8 ,! girl's beautiful head1 & no?+ else4 ,we are consci\s ( ! will[-tree1 consci\s ( ! light dress & ! decay+ timb]s ( ! l&+-/age1 consci\s ( ! cottage1 away 9 ! middle di/ance1 & consci\s ( ! popl>s tell+ blue & mi/y ov] ! cottage ro(2 consci\s1 too1 are we ( ! wat] lapp+ r\nd ! l&+-/age2--we feel all ^!1 b we see cle>ly & def9itely only ! *>m+ face4 ,?us x is always 9 nature1 & ?us x %\ld be 9 a picture4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 /ill keep to our sc5e1 & imag9e n[ t ! :ole %ifts1 z does sc5]y on a /age2 gradually ! girl's dress & ! b>k & leaves ( ! will[ gr[ %>p1 ! cottage moves up & is q %>p1 s t ! girl's =m looks cut out ^u x1 ! popl>s 9 ! di/ance are %>p1 & ! wat] closes up & ! ripples on its surface & ! lilies are all %>p4 ,& :]e is ! picture8 ,gone6 ,! girl is !re1 b %e is a m]e pat* 9 all ! %>p detail4 ,our eyes keep rov+ f ! b>k to ! will[ leaves & on f ! cottage ?at* to ! ripple on ! wat]1 !re is no re/1 all ! picture has be5 jamm$ into "o plane1 & all ! int]e/ equally divid$4 ,n[ ?is is exactly :at happ5s :5 a deep focuss+ l5s & small diaphragms are us$1 ! op]ator 7= no arti/ w\ld d ?is7 tries to make ev]y?+ %>p f corn] to corn]4 ,let ! /ud5t *oose a subject su* z we h sugge/$1 & put :at we h imag9$ into practice1 & he w see ! result4 ,yet ?is 8%>p0 ideal is ! *ildi% view tak5 ( nature by ! un$ucat$ 9 art matt]s1 & !y call _! productions true1 :]eas1 !y are j ab\t z arti/ically false z c be4 ,= ?is reason1 too1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! =egr\nd is n always to be r5d]$ %>ply4 ,if our pr9cipal object is 9 ! middle di/ance1 let u say1 = example1 "s cottages on ! bord] ( a lake2 our =egr\nd1 consi/+ we w suppose ( aquatic plants1 mu/ be kept d[n1 & purposely made unimportant4 ,?is is done *iefly by ! focuss+ & /opp+4 ,sid5ote3 ,mrs4 ,cam]on's portraits4 ,among ! few satisfactory portraits we h se5 are1 z we h already said1 ^? by ! late ,mrs4 ,cam]on4 ,9 all ( ^!1 t fatal %>pness has be5 avoid$2 h] focuss+ 0 c>efully att5d$ to4 ,sid5ote3 ,newton4 ,! well-kn[n m9iature pa9t]1 ,sir ,w4 ,j4 ,newton1 "o ( ! fir/ vice-presid5ts ( ! ,photographic ,society ( ,great ,brita91 di/9ctly advis$ t all portraits %\ld be ?r[n a 8little out ( focus40 ,! falsity ( focuss+ a head %>ply is %[n by ! fact t by do+ s freckles & pimples1 :i* are n notic$ by ! eye1 /& out mo/ obtrusively1 inde$ a case is on record1 :]e an eruption ( small-pox 0 detect$ 9 its e>lie/ /age by ! l5s1 :ile no?+ at all c\ld be detect$ by ! eye1 ?\gh ?is 0 b p>tly due to ! l5s4 ,?is false focuss+ has br\ght 9 its tra9 ano!r huge falsity--ret\*+--( :i* we %all speak m fully h]eaft]4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5tific diagrams4 ,%>p focuss+1 too1 by mak+ objects tell too /rongly1 ?r[s !m out ( tone1 & s ru9s ! picture4 ,:5 %>pness is obta9$ by /opp+ d[n1 ! diaphragm cuts (f light1 injures normal brilliancy1 exagg]ates %ad[s1 & s ?r[s ! picture out ( tone4 ,( c\rse1 if ! object 9 view is to produce a diagram = sci5tific purposes1 su*1 = in/ance1 z photographs ( fl[]s = a "w on botany1 or ( fi% = a "w on i*?yology1 or ( butt]flies = a "w on entomology1 ! mo/ brilliant illum9ation possible %\ld be aim$ at1 & ! focuss+ %\ld be microscopically %>p1 = su* works are requir$ to %[ ! /ructure z well z ! =m4 ,b1 above all1 ! draw+ %\ld be correct1 & ?is is obta9able only by ! correct use ( l5ses1 :i*1 z we h po9t$ out1 has n always be5 ! case4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! op]ator wi%es to produce pictures ( fl[]s1 butt]flies1 fruit1 fi%1 c41 ! same rules hold good z = any o!r picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,fant9's fl[]s4 ,z an example ( ! treatm5t ( fl[]s1 ! /ud5t w d well to /udy ,mr4 ,fant9's pa9t+s ( fl[]s4 ,we h nev] yet se5 fl[]s1 fruit1 or /ill life arti/ically r5d]$ by photography1 ?\gh we h se5 "s diagrams to all appe>ances p]fect1 b 9 :i* ! draw+ mu/ h be5 a little false4 ,we h se5 x /at$ by craftsm5 :o h produc$ diagrams ( microscopic & o!r objects1 t !y 7 unt\*$ 7& rightly s71 & t1 !re=e1 ^! diagrams 7 arti/ic & true to nature4 ,( c\rse1 f :at has be5 already said1 x is obvi\s !y 7 n necess>ily true to nature 7?\gh1 p]haps1 none ! less useful = t71 & ! /atem5t t !y 7 8arti/ic0 arises ( c\rse f a total misconception z to :at t ^w means4 ,"h1 !n1 we mu/ quit ?is subject1 & we hope t we h impress$ ^u ! /ud5t ! fundam5tal necessity = ex]cis+ mu* ?\ght & judgm5t & c>e 9 focuss+1 /opp+ d[n1 & us+ ! sw+-backs1 = ^! ?ree all "w toge!r1 & are q z important z ! que/ions ( exposure & developm5t4 ,( c\rse !re is no absolute /ate ( 8%>pe/ focus10 b :5 we use ! ^w 8%>p0 we mean ! %>pe/ focus obta9able by any exi/+ photographic l5s :5 us$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,exposure4 ,sid5ote3 ,ways ( expos+4 ,a plate c be expos$ 9 ?ree ways1 t is1 by remov+ ! cap & replac+ x1 :5 ! exposure is made2 by fold+ ! cam]a clo? & plac+ x ov] ! l5s 7! cap hav+ be5 remov$71 be=e ! %utt] ( ! d>k-side is drawn1 & !n quickly )draw+ & replac+ ! clo? & slid+ back ! %utt]2 & ?irdly by us+ a me*anical aid1 call$ a %utt]4 ,! fir/ me?od ne$s no comm5t save t ! cap %\ld be )drawn 9 an upw>d direction4 ,! second me?od has be5 ( invaluable s]vice to u1 & is mu* practis$ by ,scot* photograph]s4 ,by ?is means v rapid exposures c be made1 & yet detail obta9$ 9 d>k =egr\nd masses4 ,sid5ote3 8,in/antane\s %utt]s40 ,! ?ird me?od is s well kn[n t hundr$s ( me*anical contrivances1 call$ 8in/antane\s %utt]s10 h be5 inv5t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,quick exposures4 ,we h always done all ! "w we c\ld by quick exposures1 & "h we may at once say t = arti/ic purposes 8quick exposures0 are absolutely necess>y :]e possible4 ,sid5ote3 8,in/antane\s40 ,we d n say 8in/antane\s exposures10 because x is high "t t ?is unmean+ ^w %\ld be relegat$ to ! limbo ( photographic ar*aics4 ,is x n obvi\sly illogical to call exposures ( #a_/bjj ( a second1 & ( "o second1 bo? in/antane\s8--yet su* at pres5t is ! cu/om4 8,in/antane\s0 means no?+ at all1 = a quick] exposure c be obta9$ by ! second me?od we h describ$ ?an ) "s %utt]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,classification ( exposures4 ,x is 9 fact difficult to classify exposures1 = obvi\sly ! classification mu/ be bas$1 ct]is p>ibus1 on ! "t ! plate is expos$1 & ?is1 especially 9 quick exposures1 is n to be measur$ save by special app>atus1 :i* ( c\rse is ( no r\gh work+ use4 ,we (f] z a sugge/ion ! foll[+ r\gh work+ classification = describ+ exposures4 ,we w\ld def9e z ,,quick ,,exposures1 ,sid5ote3 ,quick exposures4 ,uncapp+ & capp+ l5s z quickly z possible4 ,snat*+ velvet-clo? away & replac+ x z quickly z possible4 ,all %utt] exposures :i* _c be tim$ by ! ord9>y second-h& ( a wat*2 a note be+ add$ 9 ! case ( %utt] exposures1 giv+ make ( %utt]1 & /at+ :e!r x 0 set to quicke/1 m$ium1 or sl[ pace4 ,,"t ,,exposures4 ,sid5ote3 ,"t exposures4 ,all o!r exposures might be call$ "t exposures1 x be+ und]/ood by ?is t]m1 t ! exposures 7 long en\gh to be c\nt$ by ! second-h& ( an ord9>y wat*4 ,a note c\ld always be add$ giv+ ! numb] ( seconds ! plate 0 expos$4 ,we are p]fectly aw>e ?is me?od w\ld give only approximately r\gh /atem5ts ( ! times ( exposure1 b t is all t is want$ = ord9>y "w1 = aft] all1 except 9 delicate sci5tific exp]im5ts1 ! times giv5 to exposure mu/ always v>y greatly1 = exposure1 z we %all %[1 c nev] be r$uc$ to a sci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 cases ( delicate sci5tific "w1 x may be requir$ to measure exactly ! l5g? ( ! exposure1 & ?is is easily done ) ! prop] app>atus1 z appli$ by ,mr4 ,muybridge & o!rs4 ,our nom5clature is int5d$ = ! use ( ord9>y op]ators1 s t !y may describe m accurately ?an !y n[ d ! exposure giv5 to a p>ticul> plate2 & x is at any rate m accurate ?an any nom5clature n[ 9 use1 =1 z we h %[n1 by ! cam]a clo? me?od a quick] exposure c be made ?an ) _m %utt]s work+ sl[ly4 ,! fundam5tal di/9ction1 x seems to u1 = ev]yday "w is1 :e!r ! "t ( exposure is measurable by ! seconds-h& ( an ord9>y wat* or n1 & t is ! po9t on :i* our nom5clature is bas$4 ,h5ce1 :5 we use ! t]m 8quick exposures0 9 ?is "w1 we mean x z already def9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,"n ( %utt]s4 ,! %utt]s !mselves %\ld1 we ?9k1 be call$ 8quick exposure %utt]s10 or simply 8exposure %utt]s10 in/ead ( in/antane\s %utt]s4 ,we w say b few words on 8%utt]s10 z ^! me*anical aids to exposure are call$4 ,sid5ote3 ,exposure %utt]s4 ,!oretically1 ! be/ %utt] is t :i* all[s ! l5s to "w at full ap]ture = ! longe/ "t1 & :i* causes no vibration or alt]ation ( ! position ( ! app>atus dur+ exposure4 ,! me*anism %\ld be simple & /rong1 & ! :ole small 9 bulk4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,r4 ,dallmey]'s new c5tral %utt]1 9 our op9ion1 be/ fulfils ^! requirem5ts4 ,ano!r important matt] is ! correct position ( ! %utt]1 & ?is1 !oretically aga91 is beh9d ! l5s1 provid+ ! ap]ture be l>ge en\gh to prev5t any ( ! rays ( light admitt$ by ! l5s be+ cut (f4 ,b 9 practice1 a %utt] work+ 9 ! diaphragm slot ( ! l5s answ]s be/1 & ! v wor/ way ( all is to "w ! %utt] on ! hood ( ! l5s4 ,sid5ote3 ,quick exposures4 ,all portraits %\ld be tak5 by %utt]1 & by quick exposure1 if possible2 9 fact1 we feel sure a fir/ pr9ciple ( all arti/ic "w 9 photography is quick exposure4 ,!re is no?+ to be said = "t exposures1 al?\gh we are fully aw>e h[ mu* has be5 writt5 on _! advantages1 & ! b5eficial effects on ! result+ negatives4 ,we1 h[ev]1 h nev] se5 ^! wond]ful ga9s1 & = quality we h se5 v rapidly expos$ plates result 9 negatives :i* w hold _! own 9 quality aga9/ any1 :il/ 9 e o!r respect1 !re is ev]y?+ to lose 9 8sl[0 or "t exposures4 ,!re are cases1 ( c\rse1 :5 "t exposures are admissible1 & ev5 necess>y1 z 9 c]ta9 grey-day l&scapes1 b :5 deal+ ) figures or portraits 9 good light1 let ! exposure be z quick z possible1 ere ! fre%ness & naturalness ( ! model be lo/4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>iation ( exposure4 ,f :at has already be5 said1 ! /ud5t c und]/& t ! exposure w v>y ) ! att5dant circum/ances4 ,:5 he consid]s t !re are sev]al factors to be consid]$ 9 det]m9+ ! l5g? ( exposure1 su* z ! l5s us$1 ! diaphragm1 ! h\r ( day1 ! season ( ! ye>1 ! con/antly v>y+ conditions ( light1 ! subject & ! plate us$1--he w see h[ hopeless x is to lay d[n any rule = ! "t ( exposure1 b x w be z well to consid] ! effects ( ^! factors1 & ?us briefly to indicate to ! /ud5t :at he mu/ especially /udy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! l5s & diaphragm4 ,we h already %[n h[ ! rapidity ( diff]5t l5ses may be comp>$4 ,?is factor1 !n1 c be det]m9$1 b aft] all x is ( little practical value4 ,x is no d\bt necess>y :5 a new l5s is us$1 & e photograph] may1 :5 us+ a l5s = ! fir/ "t1 h to "w out its ratio int5sity1 b z mo/ work]s "k _! l5ses1 ?is factor is h>dly wor? consid]+1 = by practice ! op]ator easily det]m9es _! int5sities4 ,sid5ote3 ,meteorological conditions4 ,^! are by f> ! mo/ important factors ) :i* we h to deal 9 exposure1 & z !y are z v>iable & unc]ta9 z nature h]self1 s mu/ exposures v>y & be unc]ta9 until meteorology %all be p]fect$4 ,ev5 ! p]fect act9omet] :i* we are promis$ w n settle ! matt]1 = !re are s _m subtle conditions to consid] besides ! m]e *emical p[] ( light4 ,= in/ance1 = arti/ic reasons ( light & %ade1 x may be absolutely necess>y to "w aga9/ ! read+s ( ! !oretical p]fect act9omet]4 ,t a p]fect act9omet] may be ( use 9 sci5tific photography we d n d\bt1 b t is a matt] :i* conc]ns only sci5tific speciali/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,b\quet4 ,a few examples %[+ ! protean aspects ( nature1 & ! difficulties ( deal+ ) x1 w illu/rate our mean+4 ,b\quet has calculat$ t ! sun at an altitude ( #ej above ! horizon is #abjj times bright] ?an at sunrise4 ,if we1 !n1 apply ! ord9>y *emical law1 t ! *emical action is proportionate to ! illum9ation1 noon w\ld be ! "t to give ! lea/ exposure2 b su* is n our exp]i5ce1 = ! p]iod ( greate/ int5sity is (t5 an h\r or s be=e or aft] noon1 because ! angle ( reflection is m fav\rable to u 9 ,engl&4 ,aga91 ano!r factor to be consid]$ is ! pres5ce ( cl\ds2 :ite cl\ds ne$+ less exposure1 z !y reflect light to a p[]ful ext5t4 ,aga91 9 sunrise & sunset light we h to consid] refraction1 ! w>m col\rs pr$om9at+4 ,ano!r po9t to consid] is our altitude1 = !re is less atmosph]e 9 high altitudes2 !re=e1 z any ,alp9e travell] kn[s1 ! sun acts m p[]fully on ! peaks ?an 9 ! valleys4 ,dr4 ,vogel tells u t ! light ( ! blue sky is *emically active & p[]fully s4 ,x w be se51 !n1 f previ\s rem>ks1 :y w9t] light is s feeble4 ,buns5 has work$ out ! *emical p[] ( light1 & express$ x 9 degrees ?us3-- #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h 7noon74 p4m4 p4m4 p4m4 p4m4 p4m4 p4m4 p4m4 p4m4 ,june #a #ch #ch #ch #cg #ce #cj #bd #ad #f ,dec4 #ba #bj #ah #ae #i #j #j ,?us at noon on ,june #ba/ ! light is ne>ly twice z p[]ful z on ,decemb] #ba/1 & :5 we c\ple ) ?is fact ! moi/ure g5]ally f\nd 9 ! atmosph]e at mid-w9t]1 we see h[ deceiv+ are appe>ances4 ,aga91 x is ackn[l$g$ by _m t ! light 9 autumn is "o & a half times z great z x is 9 spr+2 b we _c act on ?is k alone = outdoor "w1 = ! conditions ( vegetation are q diff]5t1 =1 z ,tyndall has %[n1 89 delicate spr+ foliage ! blue ( ! sol> light is = ! mo/ "p absorb$1 & a light ma9ly yell[i%-gre51 b conta9+ a consid]able quantity ( r$1 escapes f ! leaf to ! eye3 444 z ! ye> advances ! crimson gradually h>d5s to a copp]y r$40 ,ano!r complication is ! ea/ w9d4 ,x c]ta9ly sweeps away ! moi/ure f ! air & dries ev]y?+ up1 giv+ all ?+s a black hue & br++ !m up clos] to view1 at ! same "t dw>f+ di/ant objects2 & :ile an ea/ w9d does all ?is by tak+ away moi/ure f ! atmosph]e1 ! act9ic value ( light is at ! same "t l[]$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] ra91 ! light acts quickly1 probably ow+ to ! num]\s reflections f moi/ leaves1 & f ! fact t !y d n absorb s mu* light "u ^! conditions4 ,t ! w>m col\rs require a long] exposure ?an o!rs is too well kn[n to ne$ dwell+ on4 ,! pres5ce ( wat] 9 ! =egr\nd1 on ! o!r h&1 necessitates a %ort] exposure3 ev5 ! am\nt ( sky includ$ 9 ! picture w affect ! l5g? ( exposure4 ,! exi/+ temp]ature1 too1 /rongly affects ! negative4 ,sid5ote3 ,no rule = exposure4 ,x is p]haps necess>y "h to /ate t !re is no set key or s*eme ( light+ to "w by4 ,"s untra9$ p]sons h prea*$ t no photograph %\ld be tak5 :5 !re is no sun1 or t sunlight is ! be/ "t = tak+ a photograph3 su* /atem5ts are z absurd z *ildi%1 "o might z well orda9 t all music %\ld be play$ 9 "o key4 ,z beautiful pictures are to be obta9$ on ! grey dull days ( ,novemb] z 9 sunny ,june4 ,we rememb] once read+ a /atem5t t all pa9t+s 7 ( sun%9e subjects4 ,we q =get by :om ?is extraord9>y /atem5t 0 made1 b at any rate ! writ] mu/ h be5 v ignorant ( 8 subject2 he c\ld nev] h he>d ( half ! great pictures ( ! _w2 b surely ! "n ( ,rembr&t might h occurr$ to him4 ,a photograph mu/ be true 9 s5tim5t1 & true to ! impression ( ! "t ( day1 j z a picture mu/ be4 ,!re are "s subjects :i* 9 sun%9e look beautiful1 & :i* on grey days are wor?less1 & vice v]s4 ,!re=e1 "h aga9 !re is no rule1 ea* subject mu/ be judg$ by itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5sitomet]4 ,! rapidity ( plates c be measur$ by an in/rum5t call$ a s5sitomet]4 ,t "o 9 g5]al use is made by ,w>n]ke4 ,b ?is s5sitomet]1 l _m s-call$ sci5tific ?+s 9 photography1 seems to u v unsci5tific1 = ! light _c be uni=m2 =1 z is well kn[n1 ! light giv5 f phosphoresc5t pa9t v>ies 9 int5sity ) ! temp]ature4 ,s9ce writ+ ?is1 we h be5 in=m$ t ?is has be5 prov$ to be ! case by ,dr4 ,vogel1 :o1 9 addition1 br+s aga9/ ?is s5sitomet] s]i\s errors ( exp]im5t1 due to yell[ glass be+ employ$4 ,dr4 ,nicol1 too1 has /at$ t ! scre5s s5t out v>y 9 d5sity4 ,sid5ote3 ,on exposure tables4 ,we h se5 h[ ! rapidity ( a l5s is det]m9$2 beyond1 !n1 ! comp>+ ! relative rapidities ( l5ses1 all tables ( exposures are fallaci\s & unsci5tific4 ,c absurdity g any fur!r ?an "s ( ! data ( "s ( ^! s-call$ sci5tific tables3 8,panoramic ,view10 8,liv+ objects out ( doors10 c48 ,briefly1 :at is ! diff]5ce ( exposure requir$ on a liv+ ass & on a dead donkey1 bo? out ( doors8 ,b s]i\sly1 let ! /ud5t be n l$ away by su* *im]as1 = !re c be no tables ( exposures until ! sci5ce ( meteorology is z fix$ a sci5ce z ma!matics2 & any attempt to "w by exposure tables w end 9 dismal failure4 ,if our ^w is n suffici5t to conv9ce any read]1 let him note :at two em95t sci5ti/s ?9k ( ^! tables4 ,dr4 ,vogel says1 9 "o ( 8 works1 8,!re is no rule :i* det]m9es ! l5g? ( "t a photograph has to be expos$ to ! light20 & ,capta9 ,abney has told u he consid]s su* tables absurd & unsci5tific4 ,x is ) 8 sanction t we quote him on ! subject4 ,exposure mu/ be judg$ by circum/ances3 no artificial aids w help4 ,=tunately = u1 plates all[ ( consid]able latitude ( exposure4 ,b z 9 all good ?+s1 simplicity goes h& 9 h& ) p]fection4 ,we h advocat$ quick exposures z absolutely ess5tial to arti/ic "w1 & x foll[s1 !re=e1 t 9 mak+ quick exposures !re is less liability ( go+ wrong2 s ! two "w h& 9 h&4 ,he :o exposes sl[ly misses ! v ess5ce ( nature1 & x is ?is v p[] ( expos+ s quickly t gives u a great advantage ov] all o!r arts4 ,! pa9t] has to resort to all sorts ( devices to secure an effect1 :i* p]haps only la/s = half an h\r 9 ! day4 ,n s ) photograph]s1 if we see & desire to p]petuate an effect1 x is ours 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye1 & ?us 9 a really fir/-rate photography !re w always be a fre%ness & naturalism nev] atta9able 9 any o!r art4 ,& "h we w\ld /ate def9itely t ! impression ( ^! quick exposures %\ld be z se5 by ! eye1 = no?+ is m in>ti/ic ?an "s positions ( a gallop+ horse1 su* z are nev] se5 by ! eye b yet exi/ 9 reality1 & h be5 record$ by ,mr4 ,muybridge4 ,"h1 !n1 comes 9 ! arti/1 he kn[s :at to record & :at to pass ov]1 :ile ! craftsman1 full ( himself & 8 dext]ity1 tries to take a tra9 go+ at sixty miles an h\r1 & lo6 x is /&+ /ill1 or he exp5ds 8 en]gy 9 tak+ a ya*t b[l+ along abeam because t result is m difficult to obta9 ?an to take x go+ away f him1 & he calls x natural & !re=e arti/ic4 ,( c\rse su* p]=mances are born ( ignorance & vanity4 ,hundr$s ( su* ?+s h be5 done 9 ! pa/1 hundr$s w be done 9 ! future1 & !y w sell1 b only to be f9ally de/roy$4 ,no photograph] has yet done a s]ies ( m>9e pictures2 "h & !re "o sea-picture has be5 done :i* has (t5] be5 ! result ( *ance ?an ( art4 ,z = ! ord9>y photographs ( ya*ts1 !y are m]e /atem5ts ( facts t m]it no arti/ic consid]ation4 ,"h1 !n1 we mu/ leave ! "q ( exposure4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ important & ! mo/ difficult ( all photographic acts4 ,9 ! /udio ! matt] is simpl] ?an out ( doors1 because ! light is n s mu* affect$ by reflections & v>i\s meteorological conditions2 9 l&scape "w1 on ! o!r h&1 exposure becomes a mo/ difficult problem1 yet long exp]i5ce c br+ an intellig5t man to give comp>atively correct exposures1 s t ! result+ picture may be develop$ to obta9 ! exact impression t he requires1 /ill1 ev5 aft] ye>s ( exp]i5ce1 he w at times f9d himself baffl$ & humiliat$ by failure4 ,x is 9 exposures t intuition acts z x does 9 all intellectual matt]s1 & he :o c seize on ! "r exposure at once by in/9ct is ! photograph] born1 & unless1 aft] "s practice1 ! /ud5t c d ?is1 !re is little hope t 8 "w w ev] rise above m$iocrity4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,developm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udy ( *emi/ry4 ,be=e ent]+ on ! subject ( developm5t1 x is necess>y to tell ! /ud5t t if he does n already und]/& ! pr9ciples ( *emi/ry1 he %\ld lose no "t 9 do+ s1 & z aids to su* und]/&+ he _c d bett] ?an get ,roscoe's 8,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry10#ab & ,abney's 8,photography ) ,emulsions10 & ma/] ! *apt]s m5tion$ 9 ! footnote1 ignor+ ! re/ = ! "t4 ,also let him buy ,bloxham's 8,laboratory ,tea*+40 ,= a few %ill+s he c pur*ase app>atus en\gh to d qualitative analysis4 ,?is he w be able to d by foll[+ ,mr4 ,bloxham's directions1 omitt+1 p]haps1 te/+ ) ! bl[-pipe4 ,if he has ! "t & means1 he w d well to d "s quantitative analysis1 work+1 say ) wat]1 s9ce x is ( su* imm5se importance to ! photograph]4 ,he w f9d a k ( *emi/ry z int]e/+ z useful1 & ! p[] ( obs]vation & accuracy acquir$ by ! /udy w be invaluable 9 subsequ5t /ages ( 8 "w4 ,we ref] ! /ud5t to works on *emi/ry by speciali/s1 because we ?9k x is a mi/ake to swell ! bulk ( our book by an exposition ( *emical pr9ciples4 ,we caution ! /ud5t1 h[ev]1 :o int5ds to take up photography z an art1 to h no?+ to d ) plate-mak+4 ,sid5ote3 ,plate-mak+4 ,t manufacture c only be done satisfactorily by exp]ts con/antly employ$ at x1 & x is z reasonable to expect a pa9t] to prep>e 8 own col\rs1 & make 8 own canvas1 z to insi/ ^u a photograph] mak+ 8 own plates4 ,"s p h tri$ to propagate ! false idea t a picture tak5 on a plate ( ! exhibitor's own mak+ has a special k9d ( m]it1 b obvi\sly ?is is only true :5 ! object is an 8,emulsion process competition40 ,9 judg+ ( ! m]its ( a picture1 no facts %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation1 save ! art express$ by ! picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,plates4 ,/ill ! /ud5t %\ld "k ! me?ods by :i* 8 plates are prep>$1 & t 8 *emi/ry w tea* him1 & :5 he has f\nd plates :i* suit him1 let him keep to !m4 ,we h work$ ) f\rte5 diff]5t k9ds ( plates1 & h f\nd mo/ ( !m good1 ?\gh ea* requires diff]5t treatm5t4 ,"o piece ( advice is1 h[ev]1 necess>y1 always buy y\r plates direct f ! mak]s1 unless y c rely ^u y\r deal]4 ,"s plates are1 ( c\rse1 mu* quick] ?an o!rs1 & ?is po9t ! beg9n] mu/ c>efully be> 9 m9d1 mak+ 8 exposures accord+ly4 ,sid5ote3 ,vigilance committees4 ,he mu/ n =get1 h[ev]1 t !re are br&s ( plates :i* are 8/>v$0 ( silv]2 ^! he %\ld avoid1 & x w\ld be well if a vigilance committee 7 appo9t$ 9 e society to te/ bat*es ( plates occasionally1 & report on !m 9 ! photographic j\rnals1 ?us %[+ up ! fraudul5t manufactur]s4 ,assum+1 !n1 t ! /ud5t has c>efully /udi$ ! *emi/ry ( developm5t & has fix$ on a satisfactory br& ( plates1 we w proce$ to give him a few practical h9ts1 b be=e we d s we mu/ get rid ( an ob/acle 9 8 pa?1 & t is ! wet-plate process4 ----- ,footnote #ab3 ,roscoe's ,*emi/ry3-- ,lessons #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 & potassium1 sodium1 & ammonium 9 lessons #ai1 #bb1 #bc2 *romium & uranium 9 lesson #be2 m]cury1 silv]1 & plat9um 9 lessons #bf1 #bg1 & #bh4 8,photography ) ,emulsions30-- ,caps4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #bb1 #bd1 & #ca4 ----- ,sid5ote3 ,wet-plate process4 ,if ! /ud5t 7 to ask t5 middle-ag$ photograph]s :e!r !y pref] a wet plate or a dry plate negative1 n9e out ( t5 w\ld1 )\t d\bt answ]1 8,oh1 a wet-plate negative40 ,if ! /ud5t is curi\s & asks1 :y8 he w get a vague answ]1 9 :i* ! words 8bloom0 & 8beauty0 play conspicu\s p>ts1 ! adjectives rem9d+ him ( an adv]tisem5t = pat5t balms = ! sk94 ,! fact is1 n kn[+ ! fir/ pr9ciples ( art1 photograph]s h rais$ = !mselves false gods1 & !y are /ill wor%ipp+ !m4 ,let u at once & mo/ emphatically /ate t wet plate negatives d n give s true an impression ( nature z a gelat9o-bromide plate1 nor are ! results s arti/ic4 ,we h se5 mu* ( ! be/ ( ,mrs4 ,cam]on's "w1 & %e obta9$ f collodion & silv] "s ( ! be/ results ev] obta9$ f wet plates1 = %e _h arti/ic insight1 yet ev5 9 h] "w ! tonality is n s true1 & ! 8quality0 & fre%ness is n s f9e z c be obta9$ f gelat9o-bromide negatives4 ,! "w by ?is process is h>d1 & incapable ( express+ texture correctly1 :ile ! g5]al impression is m or less artificial4 ,?is is =tunate = u1 = ! sl[ness ( ! wet-plate process w\ld s]i\sly h&icap x1 ev5 if ! arti/ic result 7 bett] ?an t ( dry plates4 ,! inadequacy ( collodion plates is emphasiz$ :5 we look at ! "w ( ! craftsm5 :o us$ !m1 & ^: ideal 0 %>pness & 8bloom40 ,su* "w w be f\nd mo/ unnatural & in>ti/ic4 ,surely _m ( ! false ideas curr5t among/ photograph]s arose f ! evolution ( ! art4 ,dagu]reotypes1 ! fir/ photographs1 7 %9y1 & mo/ ( ! subsequ5t processes foll[$ 9 _! wake1 until "o cle>-sight$ photograph]1 ,blanqu>t-,evr>d1 tri$ to combat ! evil t5d5cies4 ,consid]+1 !n1 ! poor arti/ic quality ( collodion plates & _! sl[ness 9 exposure1 !re is absolutely no?+ to be said 9 _! fav\r = art "w4 ,x is decid$1 !n1 t our /ud5t w "w ) gelat9o-bromide plates4 ,sid5ote3 ,h9ts to be rememb]$ 9 develop+4 ,we v5ture to /ate briefly c]ta9 h9ts f\nd$ on ! *emi/ry & practice ( developm5t1 :i* ! /ud5t mu/ h at 8 f+]s' ends1 = let him rememb] t ! vital "q ( tone dep5ds on developm5t4 ,t exce$+ly nice "q ( gett+ ! tones 9 approximately true relation1 :i* gives all arti/s s mu* "w1 gives him :o uses photography z 8 m$ium no less ?\ght1 & x is on acc\nt ( ! pla/icity ( ! process ( developm5t t we c at once take our /& & repudiate ! ignorant ass]tion t photography is a me*anical process4 ,( c\rse !re are fifty o!r reasons :y x is n m]ely a me*anical process1 to m5tion "o m ( :i* w be en\gh1 i4e4 ! v>iety ( exposures rang+ betwe5 ! #a_/bjjj ( a second 7z ) ,muybridge's "w71 & a c\ple ( h\rs z 9 tak+ an int]ior4 ,develop+ is really :at modell+ is to ! sculptor1 & z art guides ! modell]'s h&1 s x mu/ ! photograph]'s :o wi%es to obta9 pictures1 & ! art value ( ! "w ( bo? m5 w be proportionate to ! art k & insight ( ! work]s4 ,n[ y c und]/& h[ absolutely necess>y to pictorial photography is a k ( art4 ,:]e photograph]s are devoid ( all art k1 _! aim is to get 8pluck10 8nice gradation10 8vim10 8snap10 8sp>kle10 8brilliancy10 to use only a few ( _! /range & *eap t]ms1 &1 accord+ to !m all ^! loosely nam$ qualities mu/ be pres5t equally 9 a sunny picture & 9 a grey day picture1 if ev] !y d>e to expose a plate on a grey day4 ,x is all su* talk t has br\ght photography d[n to be call$ a m]ely me*anical process1 :i* ( c\rse x becomes 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o c & d give 8pluck0 & 8sp>kle0 to e negative1 reg>dless ( effect4 ,x nev] occurs to ^! t ea* picture is a problem 9 itself1 & ne$s diff]5t managem5t f beg9n+ to end4 ,!y aim = _! 8sp>kle0 f ! mom5t ( exposure to ! end ( developm5t1 & obta9 all ! o!r qualities describ$ s eloqu5tly by _! *eap adjectives1 by _! unv>y+ developm5t4 ,n[ let ! /ud5t1 keep+ all ?is 9 m9d1 c>efully commit to memory ^! h9ts1 = !y are ( vital importance4 ,sid5ote3 ,h9ts4 ,plac+ ! plate 9 wat] be=e us+ ! develop] is equival5t to weak5+ ! develop]4 ,by fir/ imm]s+ ! plate 9 ! pyrogallic acid solution ) no re/ra9] or alkali1 ! subsequ5t developm5t is sl[$1 & great] contra/ obta9$4 ,:5 pyrogallic acid is add$ 9 excess1 too great d5sity & fog result4 ,by add+ pyrogallic acid1 great] d5sity & contra/ are obta9$4 ,if ! high lights are gett+ too d5se1 be=e ! detail 9 ! %ad[s is well out1 take ! plate out ( ! develop] & let ! details develop up ) ! am\nt ( solution conta9$ 9 ! film1 & !n replace x 9 ! develop] = d5sity1 if necess>y4 ,develop plates coat$ ) quick emulsions to a great] d5sity ?an o!rs4 ,:]e !re is mu* black & :ite 9 ! picture1 z 9 photograph+ sculpture aga9/ black velvet1 weak5 ! pyrogallic acid4 ,! alkali br+s up ! detail1 & 9 prop]ly expos$ pictures increases d5sity4 ,9 excess x causes fog4 ,! rate at :i* ! picture is to be develop$ c be gov]n$ by ! re/ra9]1 :i* also *ecks detail & increases d5sity4 ,= long exposures ! re/ra9] %\ld be freely us$1 :il/ = quick-exposure "w its use %\ld be v limit$4 ,too mu* hyposulphite 9 ! develop] t5ds to sol>ization4 ,al?\gh its value 9 ! alkal9e develop] has be5 d5i$1 we are ( op9ion t 9 c]ta9 cases x is invaluable2 x accel]ates developm5t 9 d>k %ad[s1 r5d]+ ! reflect$ light 9 ! %ad[s z no?+ else c4 ,capta9 ,abney recomm5ds its use 9 ! f]r\s oxalate develop] only1 b we are well assur$ ( its value 9 conjunction ) ! alkal9e develop] 9 all cases ( v rapid exposure4 ,! action ( ! develop] is ( c\rse increas$ by ! alkali1 & sl[$ by ! oxidiz+ ag5t1 b ! tonality is affect$ unless x be well gov]n$ by ! re/ra9]4 ,if a picture fla%es out quickly1 add ! re/ra9] & pl5ty ( wat]4 ,if x comes up v sl[ly1 mix a new develop] conta9+ half z mu* re/ra9] z ! normal & twice z mu* alkali4 ,! quick] ! action ( ! develop] ! less m>k$ ! relative tones2 ?is is mo/ important to rememb]2 ! pyrogallic acid %\ld nev] be extremely /rong1 nev] p]haps s /rong z recomm5d$ 9 ! /&>d =mul4 ,sid5ote3 ,me?od4 ,we mu/ rememb]1 !n1 t we h our ?ree necess>y factors = developm5t1 ! oxidiz]1 ! alkali1 & ! re/ra9]1 all ( :i* we c modify at w4 ,on our m9ds1 too1 we h1 or %\ld h1 a vivid impression ( ! picture translat$ into black & :ite2 we rememb] :at we wi% to emphasize1 & :at to subdue1 s t ! result+ picture %all be true 9 tone & impression4 ,we proce$ !n to mix our develop] accord+ly1 rememb]+ fir/ t ! temp]ature ( ! develop+-room makes a diff]5ce1 & rememb]+ t ! photographic image exi/s on ! film to a degree proportionate to ! act9ic value ( ! light :i* fell ^u x4 ,!re=e1 if x is a brightly-light$ l&scape 9 sun%9e1 tak5 ) a full exposure1 we mu/ get a picture 9 a high key1 b be x rememb]$ 9 su* a picture ! light greys w be lo/ 9 ! :ites1 z has be5 already %[n2 on ! o!r h&1 if x is a v l[-ton$ effect1 ! dull greys w be lo/ 9 ! blacks4 ,sid5ote3 ,sl[ developm5t4 ,we mu/ nev] =get to develop all plates sl[ly1 let ?is be our ev]-pres5t rule1 = by develop+ sl[ly1 ! /ud5t has f> m comm& ov] 8 "w1 & t is :at e arti/ seeks4 ,no haphaz>d "w1 b complete control1 s t we c m\ld ! picture accord+ to our w4 ,& "h we mu/ aga9 rem9d ! /ud5t t he c nev] get sci5tifically correct gradations f high light to deep %ad[1 !re=e he mu/ be prep>$ to get only ! true impression1 & z a fundam5tal law1 let him rememb] to wat* ov] ! tru? ( ! l[e/ tones4 ,sid5ote3 ,meteorological conditions to be adh]$ to 9 develop+4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ,nature is ev] v>y+1 & t ! *emicals w act diff]5tly "u diff]5t conditions ( temp]ature1 mixture1 electrical conditions1 c41 c41 & ! work] mu/ le>n to modify !m accord+ly2 ?us weak] solutions %\ld be us$ 9 summ] & on mi/ effects4 ,9 fact1 ! m "o sees into photography1 ! m difficult does ! matt] become1 = e picture is1 f />t to f9i%1 a new problem4 ,arti/ic "w is n ne>ly s am5able to rules z is laboratory "w1 :]e ! conditions are g5]ally m con/ant & bett] det]m9$4 ,ev5 ! /ate ( ! wea!r at ! "t ( exposure has great influ5ce4 ,! c>eful obs]v] w soon see1 9 go+ ov] a collection ( fir/-rate negatives1 develop$ by ! same h& & develop]1 t !y all diff] 9 quality1 ea* "o has physical *>act]i/ics ( its own1 :i* are ! comb9$ resultant ( ^! protean conditions ( ,nature1 & t su* is ! case is yet ano!r pro( ( ! individuality ( a photograph p] se1 ap>t f any o!r reasons4 ,sid5ote3 ,plates to be develop$ on day ( exposure4 ,ano!r v important po9t is ! fact t ! light does n act on ! film proportionately to ! l5g? ( exposure2 ! greate/ action occurs at ! e>lie/ "p ( ! exposure1 z c be prov$1 9 a r\gh way1 by expos+ a plate on diff]5t subjects = ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,?is fact alone at once & obvi\sly creates a fatal objection to composite photography4 ,x is a fact :i* mu/ be con/antly rememb]$ 9 relation to tonality4 ,x has be5 /at$ t an "u-expos$ plate c be improv$ by be+ kept 7undevelop$7 = sev]al mon?s1 ! idea be+ t ! action hav+ once begun w cont9ue1 b ?is is n our exp]i5ce ) gelat9e plates1 ?\gh we h obs]v$ some?+ ( ! k9d 9 work+ ) c>bon tissues4 ,in/ead ( keep+ 8 expos$ plates1 our advice to ! /ud5t is develop y\r negatives z soon z possible aft] exposure1 nev] lat] ?an ! day on :i* !y are tak51 & = ^! reasons4 ,fir/1 & *iefly1 because y %\ld develop y\r negative :il/ yet ! m5tal impression ( :at y are try+ = is fre%4 ,y h1 we w hope1 analyz$ y\r subject & ?\ght x all out 9 black & :ite masses1 & by develop+ :ile t analysis is /ill vivid to y1 y /& a v mu* great] *ance ( gett+ a true ?+4 ,secondly1 ( c\rse1 y are on ! spot to take ano!r negative if ! fir/ prove a failure4 ,= complete success1 ?is is ! only way1 & ev5 if x entail c>ry+ ab\t a cumb]some d>k t5t1 ! practice w 9 ! end br+ its own rew>d1 & x mu/ be insi/$ ^u z ! be/ me?od ( work+4 ,! a/\nd+ habit :i* "s indu/rial photograph]s indulge 91 ( s5d+ _! op]ators all ov] ! c\ntry1 :ile !y !mselves /ay at home to develop ! "w ( ^? & o!r op]ators1 acc\nts 9 a great measure = ! num]\s p>odies ( ,nature :i* deck ! %op-w9d[s4 ,?is is truly me*anical "w1 & we are prep>$ to say t no "o1 save by m]e *ance1 c produce p]fect arti/ic "w1 :o does n develop 8 own plates on ! spot4 ,sid5ote3 ,on ov]-production4 ,!n1 aga91 ! /ud5t ( photography :o wi%es to produce arti/ic "w mu/ n hurry or ov]-produce4 ,"o picture produc$ 9 a mon? w\ld be well wor? ! "t & tr\ble sp5t on x4 ,we once ask$ an em95t l&scape pa9t] h[ _m plates he w\ld be cont5t to produce 9 a ye> if he 7 a photograph]4 ,8 answ] 01 8,tw5ty fir/-rate ?+s w\ld be good10 & t meant work+ all ! ye> r\nd4 ,we recomm5d t say+ z "o wor?y to be rememb]$4 ,! poet ,gray pur*as$ immortality by "o %ort poem2 _m hi/orians & noveli/s1 n[ =gott51 h writt5 z _m volumes z !re 7 v]ses 9 t "o poem ( ,gray's1 yet few w\ld pref] ! oblivion ( ! prolific ones to ! "n t ,gray has won4 ,sid5ote3 ,f]r\s oxalate develop]4 ,b we mu/ g back to develop+1 & we come n[ to ! "q (1 8,:at develop] to use80 ,9 our op9ion ! f]r\s oxalate develop] is unsuit$ to arti/ic "w4 ,at "o "t we us$ x = negatives & positives4 ,= negatives we d n ?9k x gives ! quality :i* c be obta9$ ) ! alkal9e develop] nor does x all[ ( ! same control1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 a v grave fault4 ,= positives1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! conditions are bett] kn[n1 & :]e absolute purity ( film is requir$1 x is v useful1 b z we are n conc]n$ ) positives "h1 we w n g fur!r into ! matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,*emicals4 ,we mu/ impress ^u ! /ud5t ! necessity ( always us+ fre% & pure *emicals1 & to secure su*1 x is wise to procure !m f a good *emi/4 ,re-sublimat$ pyrogallic acid %\ld always be us$1 & re-cry/alliz$ sulphite ( soda1 &1 above all1 be sure ! wat] is pure4 ,= all op]ations :]e *emical action results1 none b pure non-a]at$ wat] %\ld be us$1 pref]ably1 boil$1 di/ill$ wat]1 = ! air & o!r impurities 9 ord9>y wat] may be mo/ h>mful1 z any "o :o has /udi$ ! analysis ( wat] & air kn[s well4 ,let ! develop]s 7! /ock solutions7 be mix$ ) boil+ or di/ill$ wat]1 = ?is w aid 9 pres]v+ !m4 ,! alum & hyposulphite solutions %\ld be mix$ ) cold boil$ di/ill$ wat]1 ! alum ba? be+ a saturat$ solution4 ,sid5ote3 ,/&>d develop]4 ,p]haps ! simple/ advice we c give z to ! p>ticul> develop] to be us$ is to take z ! normal develop] "o mix$ accord+ to ! =mula s5t out ) ! plates :i* ! /ud5t has *os5 to "w )1 b ! /ud5t mu/ n use x 9 ! exact proportions giv5 by ! mak]4 ,let ! /ud5t mix up ! /ock solutions z told1 v>y+ ! con/itu5ts z ! case 9 h& dem&s4 ,if he has c>efully & ?or\ghly read 8 *emi/ry1 & if he rememb]s ! h9ts we h giv5 him1 he w h no difficulty 9 foll[+ out ! directions4 ,he %\ld1 z a rule1 nev] use m ?an two-?irds ( ! am\nt ( pyrogallic acid recomm5d$2 let him be v c>eful h[ he uses ! re/ra9]1 & let him add ! ammonia only 9 small quantities1 unless ! exposure has be5 v rapid4 ,z a rule let him "w ) weak develop]s4 ,we c\ld easily give a doz5 or ev5 fifty =mul = develop]s1 b ! /ud5t w\ld be no wis] if we did1 only m confus$4 ,e photograph] fancies 8 own p>ticul> =mula1 b we h no belief 9 any special fav\rites2 we h work$ ) _m1 & f9d ! results dep5d altoge!r on ! quantities us$ & ! mann] ( develop+ r ?an on ! con/itu5ts4 ,take1 !n1 ! =mula recomm5d$ by y\r plate-mak]1 b use x1 z we h said1 ) judgm5t4 ,beg9 ) a suffici5cy ( pyrogallic acid 7accord+ to ! subject71 use little re/ra9]1 except 9 ov]-exposure1 & add ! ammonia sl[ly1 add+ a few drops f "t to "t z requir$4 ,9 %ort1 make x y\r rule to use weak develop]s1 & develop sl[ly4 ,if y ?9k y are likely to h "u-expos$1 add t5 to tw5ty drops ( a "o p] c5t4 solution ( hyposulphite ( soda1 us+ no re/ra9]4 ,"s unsci5tific p]sons imag9e t developm5t c be r$uc$ to a sci5ce1 & t absolute quantities ( ea* solution mu/ be us$4 ,"o might z well expect a physician always to prescribe ! same doses4 ,ea* picture requires a develop] ( its own2 t %\ld nev] be =gott54 ,we h tri$ hydrok9one in/ead ( pyrogallic acid2 a giv5 quantity ( hydrok9one does ! "w ( d\ble t quantity ( pyrogallic acid1 b x has no advantages1 s f> z we c see1 except = ! developm5t ( "u-expos$ plates4 ,= v rapid "w we recomm5d ! c>bonate-(-pota% develop]1 z gre5 fog does n result4 ,sid5ote3 ,ed]'s pota% develop]4,! =mula we use is ,dr4 ,ed]'s3-- ,a4 ,pure dry mono-c>bonate ( pota% #ij p>ts ,wat] #bjj 0 ,b4 ,pyrogallic acid #ab 0 ,sulphite ( soda #be 0 ,citric acid #a 0 ,wat] #ajj 0 ,be=e us+1 mix =ty to sixty drops ( ,a ) ?ree ounces ( wat]1 & ! same quantity ( ,b4 ,we g5]ally use m wat] ?an t recomm5d$ 9 ! =mula4 ,n[ x w be rememb]$ t 9 bright sunny effects brilliancy1 & !re=e d5sity1 is ne$$2 ! gamut ( light & %ade is n s ext5d$ z 9 "s subjects1 = ! %ad[s are bright ) reflect$ light1 b ! :ole mu/ be brilliant & 9 a high key4 ,9 our op9ion ,dr4 ,ed]'s pota% develop] gives ?is bett] ?an any o!r4 ,= sn[ sc5es1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e !re are (t5 v black heavy %ad[s1 we recomm5d1 z we h done be=e1 ! develop] giv5 by ! mak] ( ! plates1 us$ 9 a weak solution4 ,sid5ote3 ,local developm5t4 ,no photograph] ne$ hope to obta9 p]fect results & exactly :at he wi%es1 )\t resort+ to local treatm5t2 & "h once m ! k ( ! arti/ /eps 9 & places him at an advantage ov] ! craftsman1 b no "o )\t s\nd art-k %\ld attempt ?is local developm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ) a ?or\gh k ( ! tonality ( 8 subject1 ! arti/ c1 by local developm5t1 s modify 8 "w t he w be able to obta9 wond]fully true results4 ,let u imag9e su* a subject z a d>k tree 9 ! =egr\nd ( a l&scape ) a bright delicate di/ance4 ,no mann] ( developm5t w br+ ^! into true relation unless local treatm5t is resort$ to4 ,un=tunately1 directions _c be giv5 = ?is "w1 = ea* subject w ( c\rse require special treatm5t2 ! rationale ( ! practice1 h[ev]1 is f\nd$ on ! g5]al *emical pr9ciples ( photography4 ,= use 9 local developm5t1 !n1 x is always wise to keep a s]ies ( small pa9t-bru%es at h&4 ,all ?ree develop]s may ?us be us$ locally ) great effect4 ,dur+ local developm5t1 ! plate %\ld con/antly be re-plung$ into ! develop]1 s t ! local developm5t may n %[4 ,we /rongly recomm5d ! /ud5t always to develop by artificial light1 = by ?is me?od he w h a m regul> /&>d to judge ( ! quality ( 8 negative ?an if he tru/s to ! v>y+ /r5g? ( daylight4 ,! be/ way ( judg+ ( ! tonality ( a negative is to hold x up f "t to "t be=e ! light ( ! develop+-room2 correct judgm5t on ?is matt] c1 h[ev]1 only be obta9$ by long exp]i5ce4 ,! /ud5t w be told 9 ! pr9t$ directions--suppli$ ) _m plates--t if ! image does n come up 9 #aj or #ae seconds1 ! plate has be5 "u-expos$4 ,?is is n our exp]i5ce1 &1 z a rule1 ! image takes long] to %[ ?an ! "t nam$4 ,we pref] to judge by ! way ! image comes up4 ,if ! highe/ lights come up v %>ply def9$ & turgid1 !n ! plate is "u-expos$1 b if !y come up delicately1 & detail beg9s to appe> gradually ov] ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! plate1 all is well4 ,b all ?is w only become famili> by exp]i5ce4 ,by con/ant habit ! /ud5t w m5tally run ov] ! facts ( ! problem be=e him1 z does a physician1 & proportionately to 8 skill w he apply ! "r rem$y at ! "r "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,aft] treatm5t ( plate4 ,aft] developm5t ! plate %\ld be well wa%$1 & !n plac$ 9 an alum ba?4 ,alum acts z a scav5g]1 & cle>s up all ! rema9s ( ! develop]4 ,next ! plate %\ld aga9 be well wa%$1 & put 9 ! hyposulphite ba?4 ,?is ba? %\ld be con/antly r5ew$1 = z soon z x becomes well discol\r$ x is inadvisable to cont9ue its use4 ,x %\ld n be made /rong] ?an #a to #e1 #a to #aj be+ ! be/ proportion4 ,tak+ ! plate f ! fix+ ba?1 y %\ld wa% x v ?or\ghly1 & re-plunge x into a fre% alum ba?1 leav+ x = a few m9utes1 !n aga9 wa% x1 & put x into a plate-wa%]1 ! wat] ( :i* %\ld be frequ5tly *ang$4 ,x c !n be plac$ 9 a dry+ rack1 & left to dry gradually 9 a dry room1 :]e no du/ is rais$4 ,sid5ote3 ,duplicate plates4 ,x is1 9 our op9ion1 always well to expose two plates on ea* subject1 = ! op]ator c ?us1 9 a second plate1 correct any error he may detect 9 ! fir/4 ,?is is our own inv>iable rule1 & ! practice1 ap>t f ! bett] results obta9$1 has taught u bett] ?an any o!r me?od c\ld h done1 h[ wond]fully ! plate c be br\ght "u ! op]ator's w4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say ! fir/ plate %\ld be exam9$ aft] developm5t1 by daylight1 be=e proce$+ to develop ! second4 ,once hav+ se5 a beautiful ?+ 9 nature1 ! en?usia/ic /ud5t w det]m9e to get x p]fectly1 if x takes fifty plates & z _m days to d x 94 ,sid5ote3 ,/udy ( tone4 ,we /rongly advise ^? desir\s ( do+ arti/ic "w to beg9 by /udy+ tone1 expose 7always giv+ two exposures to ea* subject7 on select$ subjects1 especially fit = ! /udy ( tone2 = example1 a figure 9 a :ite dress aga9/ a :ite backgr\nd1 ano!r 9 a black dress aga9/ a black backgr\nd1 & !n a :ite dress aga9/ a black backgr\nd1 & a black dress aga9/ a :ite backgr\nd2 "s :ite fl[]s aga9/ a %eet ( :ite pap]2 ya*t-sails aga9/ ! sky2 faces aga9/ ! sky2 black velvet 9 bright sun%9e1 & on a grey day2 yell[ fl[]s 7) or?o*romatic plates7 on a :ite backgr\nd4 ,9 %ort1 ! /ud5t %\ld ?9k ( all ! possible h>monies & discords t c be f\nd indoors & out ( doors1 & he %\ld1 be=e tak+ a plate1 make a m5tal translation ( ! subject into black & :ite1 & put on pap] r\ghly1 ) a piece ( *>coal1 :at he expects to get1 by draw+ r\gh masses 9 tone ( ! subject4 ,he %\ld at fir/ ?9k no?+ :atev] ( composition1 or ! m poetical qualities ( a picture2 b simply /udy tone1 & by ?is he w le>n ?or\ghly exposures & developm5t4 ,let him es*ew all reque/s to take portraits1 dogs1 horses1 p>ks1 & :at-nots2 b let him always /udy tone4 ,:5 he has ma/]$ tone1 & ) x exposure & developm5t1 he kn[s ! mo/ difficult "p ( 8 te*nique & practice1 let him !n proce$ to picture-mak+4 ,9 ?is e>ly /age let him take any?+ & ev]y?+ t is a /udy ( tone1 & let him take x anyh[1 no pos+1 no arrangem5t1 & :5 he kn[s 8 mti] ?or\ghly let him de/roy all ^! e>ly plates ru?lessly4 ,we /rongly advise him to give away no pr9ts ( e>ly "w1 or he w mo/ surely rue ! day :5 he did s4 ,9 our op9ion a ye> is n too mu* 9 :i* to "w 9 ?is way1 bo? 9 doors & out ( doors1 9 /udios & out1 ) %utt] & )\t1 be=e !re is any attempt to take a portrait or picture ( any k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,accid5ts & faults4 ,9 work+ ) gelat9e plates v>i\s unavoidable accid5ts & faults w crop up1 "s ( :i* c1 h[ev]1 be rem$i$4 ,su* cases we w n[ g into4 ,sid5ote3 ,"u-exposure4 ,gives *alky :ites & sooty blacks1 ergo no tonality1 ergo wor?less4 ,no rem$y1 de/roy at once4 ,sid5ote3 ,ov]-exposure4 ,gives ?9 negatives4 ,:at a ?9 negative is1 is a matt] ( op9ion1 & mu/ be settl$ by a comp>ison ( ! pr9t ) ! impression ( nature :i* x is wi%$ to obta94 ,= _m effects ?9 negatives are invaluable1 & ! /ud5t mu/ n take ! ord9>y photograph]'s op9ion z to 8 negatives2 b only t ( an arti/1 =1 z has be5 %[n1 l[-ton$ pr9ts are unrecogniz$ by ! ord9>y craftsman1 8 aim & object is nev] to produce su* ?+s1 ^! he designates by all sorts ( names1 :]eas !y may be1 by _! tonality1 inf9itely tru] ?an 8 8sp>kl+0 falsehoods4 ,9 %ort1 x all dep5ds on :at ! /ud5t wi%es to express4 ,"s ( ! be/ "w done has be5 produc$ f negatives made purposely ?91 :i* h at ! same "t be5 true 9 tone1 & full ( bread?4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5sification4 ,! d5sity ( a negative c be increas$ by int5sify+ ! negative2 b x mu/ n be =gott5 t int5sification does n1 9 our op9ion1 correct ! tonality1 ?is is a matt] ( great importance :i* has be5 ov]look$4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t a negative t requires int5sification is wor?less = arti/ic purposes1 & _h bett] be de/roy$ at once4 ,b z int5sification may be requir$ = "s p>ticul> object1 we mu/ caution ! /ud5t aga9/ ! ord9>y p]*loride ( m]cury & ammonia int5sifi]4 ,9 _m cases x acts well en\gh1 9 _m o!rs x acts unev5ly & 9 pat*es1 & 9 all cases x is n p]man5t4 ,! be/ int5sifi] we "k ( is ,dr4 ,ed]'s1 ^: =mula we give-- ,sid5ote3 ,dr4 ,ed]'s int5sifi]4 ,uranium nitrate #ae grs4 ,potassium f]ricyanide #ae grs4 ,wat] #d ,wa% ! plate ?or\ghly aft] fix+1 s t no hyposulphite rema9s1 & imm]se 9 ! int5sifi]4 ,x works up ! scale f ! l[] tones1 :i* is an advantage ov] any o!r4 ,to remove all ! hyposulphite ( soda x is well to treat ! plate be=e us+ ! int5sifi]1 z ,capta9 ,abney directs4 ,a dra*m ( a #bj-vol4 solution ( p]oxide ( hydrog5 %\ld be mix$ ) #e oz4 ( wat]1 & ! plate soak$ 9 x = half an h\r1 & !n wa%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,fog4 ,! /ud5t w f9d t = c]ta9 effects he may int5tionally produce a slight fog ov] 8 plate1 z has (t5 be5 done ) v good results2 b if 8 plates are un9t5tionally fogg$1 !y are ru9$4 ,fog is due to light hav+ _h access to ! plate1 ei!r dur+ manufacture1 dur+ exposure1 or dur+ developm5t4 ,by develop+ an unexpos$ plate x c be prov$ :e!r x 0 fogg$ dur+ ! manufacture1 z 9 t case ! plate turns black4 ,if ! fog is caus$ by a leaky cam]a ! edges ( ! plate1 :i* are g5]ally cle> glass1 are n fogg$1 = !y h be5 hidd5 beh9d ! rebate ( ! d>k slide4 ,light com+ ?r\gh ! d>k slide %[s itself 9 l9es or pat*es1 & is n g5]al4 ,if all ^! s\rces h be5 elim9at$1 ! d>k room mu/ be suspect$4 ,?is is te/$ by putt+ a plate 9 ! slide1 draw+ ! %utt] out half way1 & expos+ ! plate = a few m9utes to ! develop+ light4 ,if ! expos$ half fogs1 !n ! d>k room is to blame4 ,sid5ote3 ,r$ fog4 ,we h only met ) ?is ph5om5on once1 & t 0 9 develop+ a uranium plate4 ,sid5ote3 ,gre5 fog4 ,?is is gre5 by reflect$ light1 & r$ by transmitt$ light4 ,x is g5]ally deposit$ at ! corn]s ( ! plate & r\nd ! edge4 ,sid5ote3 ,yell[ & br[n fogs4 ,are r>ely met )1 & are yell[ & br[n by reflect$ light1 :]eas /a9s are col\r$ only by transmitt$ light4 ,! /ud5t c easily di/+ui% betwe5 fogs & /a9s 9 ?is way4 ,we h be5 v successful exp]im5tally ) ,capta9 ,abney's me?od ( cle>+ (f gre5 fog4 ,he recomm5ds ! foll[+ solution to be us$ aft] fix+3-- ,f]ric *loride #ej grs4 ,potassium bromide #cj grs4 ,wat] iv ,! plate %\ld be well wa%$ aft] ?is treatm5t1 & develop$ up ) ! f]r\s oxalate develop]4 ,b su* plates are n always sav$ arti/ically by ! me?od1 = ! tonality may be ?r[n out1 & ! texture ( sub/ances is ne>ly always damag$4 ,sid5ote3 ,frill+4 ,is due to ! expansion ( ! gelat9e1 & w r>ely occur if ! plate be put 9 ! alum ba? be=e fix+4 ,! gelat9e c be made to contract by soak+ 9 me?ylat$ spirits ( w9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,bli/]s4 ,are ( r>e occurr5ce1 & w dry out if ! plate be c>efully h&l$ & wa%$ 9 alum1 z direct$4 ,!y may be treat$ locally ) me?ylat$ _s1 :i* causes ! gelat9e to contract4 ,sid5ote3 ,d5se negatives4 ,! be/ r$uc] we "k ( is ,dr4 ,ed]'s4 ,he recomm5ds ! use (--,a41 "o "p *loride ( iron to eight p>ts ( wat]4 ,b41 two p>ts neutral oxalate ( pota% to eight p>ts ( wat]4 ,a well-kn[n au?ority on photographic matt]s1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,vogel1 says1 8,bo? solutions keep a long "t )\t det]iorat+4 ,imm$iately be=e us+1 equal p>ts ( ,a4 & ,b4 are mix$1 =m+ a bright gre5 solution1 :i* keeps well = sev]al days 9 ! d>k1 b decomposes 9 ! light4 ,( ?is mixture a little is add$ to a fre% & /rong solution ( #8hypo4' ,9 difficult cases #a "p #8hypo' & #a_/d to #a_/b ( iron solution are employ$4 ,! plate to be r$uc$ is plac$ 9 ?is solution4 ,! image weak5s quickly & uni=mly4 ,! plate is tak5 out & wa%$ j be=e ! desir$ r$uction is rea*$1 because ! action cont9ues dur+ ! wa%+1 gradually dim9i%+ "u ! /ream f ! tap4 ,?is r$uc] acts on plates develop$ ei!r ) #8pyro' or #8oxalate1' & does n de/roy ! details 9 ! %ad[s l cyanide4 ,!re is also less t5d5cy to frill ?an ) ! cyanide ba?40 ,r$uc]s1 l int5sifi]s1 %\ld n be resort$ to1 unless 9 case ( a v valuable negative1 = x mu/ nev] be =gott5 t1 ?\gh ! pr9t+ d5sity is r$uc$1 ! tonality is n correct$4 ,sid5ote3 ,yell[ /a9s4 ,due to ! develop]1 are easily remov$ by ,edw>ds' cle>+ solution1 :i* we h f\nd mo/ effectual-- ,sulphate ( iron iii4 ,alum i4 ,citric acid i4 ,wat] ,o i4 ,sid5ote3 ,transp>5t spots4 ,are due to du/ 9 cam]a or slide1 or to us+ ! 8hypo0 ba? too long4 ,if ! spots h %>ply def9$ edges1 !y are due to air bubbles =m+ at ! beg9n+ ( developm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,halation4 ,?is is a bug-be> we h _h little exp]i5ce (1 ?\gh we h tak5 _m int]iors4 ,! only occasion on :i* we met ) x 0 once :5 ! plate 0 ov]expos$ on a /a9$ glass w9d[1 conta9+ mu* blue 9 x4 ,if a l>ge /op be us$1 & ! exposure kept z %ort z possible1 our exp]i5ce is t no halation ne$ occur4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! /ud5t fe>s x1 & !re is always a dang] ( x :]e any bright lights act on ! film1 he %\ld1 ) a squegee & "s glyc]9e1 apply a piece ( "s d>k tissue to ! back ( ! plate2 ?is is easily /ripp$ (f be=e developm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,defects due to damp4 ,all plates %\ld be kept 9 a dry place1 & :il/ travell+ x is z well to keep !m 9 t9foil4 ,! effect ( damp is to produce pat*es1 :i* ei!r d n develop at all or develop unequally4 ,sid5ote3 ,removal ( v>ni%4 ,?is is easily done by putt+ ! plate into hot me?ylat$ _s1 & rubb+ ! v>ni% (f ) cotton wool4 ,sid5ote3 ,sea air4 ,x has be5 said t sea air affects gelat9e plates1 ?is has n be5 our exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,dirty backs4 ,! backs ( ! negatives :i* are g5]ally dirty1 %\ld be clean$ by scrap+1 & !n rubb+ up ) a rag moi/5$ 9 hot wat]1 or pref]ably1 me?ylat$ _s4 ,! negatives %\ld be kept 9 a dry place1 9 groov$ c>dbo>d boxes4 ,wood5 boxes %\ld n be us$ = /or+ ei!r plates or negatives4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>bl+s4 ,are due to a dirty fix+ ba?2 or to an unev5 action ( ! develop] aris+ f n rock+ ! plate1 or to add+ ! alkali to ! develop] 9 ! di% & n ?or\ghly mix+ !m be=e putt+ 9 ! plate4 ,! cle>+ solution removes "s ( ^!4 ,sid5ote3 ,prolong$ & pat*y fix+4 ,due to ! alum ba? be+ us$ be=e 8fix+0 9 plates f :i* ! develop] has n be5 ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,x c be rem$i$ by wa%+ & swill+ ! plate 9 wat] j r5d]$ alkal9e by ammonia1 & !n fix+ z be=e4 ,we once _h a plate :i* took sev]al h\rs to fix ev5 aft] ?is treatm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,limpet-%ell m>k+s4 ,we h _h ^! appe> 9 a few negatives "s mon?s aft] developm5t4 ,we "k ( no rem$y = ! defect2 nor d we "k ! cause1 b believe x to be due to hyposulphite ( soda left 9 ! film4 ,sid5ote3 ,deposit on film4 ,?is is sometimes met ) aft] ! imp]fect wa%+ out ( hyposulphite ( soda2 or sometimes :il/ ! negative is 9 ! fix+ ba?1 if x has be5 9 ! alum ba? previ\sly1 & n ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,sulphur is deposit$4 ,! rem$y is obvi\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,metallic pat*es4 ,col\r$ metallic-look+ pat*es appe> at times ne> ! edges ( ! plate1 :i* may1 or may n1 be accompani$ ) fog4 ,we h (t5 obs]v$ ^! pat*es 9 plates :i* h be5 kept a long "t4 ,!re is no rem$y if !y are unaccompani$ by fog1 b if fog is pres5t1 ! f]ric-*loride solution w g5]ally remove !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,scrat*es4 ,on ! back ( ! negative %[ z d>k l9es 9 ! film4 ,sid5ote3 ,undevelop$ isl&s4 ,r>ely1 we h met ) small pat*es :i* seem to h refus$ to develop2 !y are g5]ally circul>4 ,capta9 ,abney says !y are due to ! use ( *rome alum 9 ! emulsion4 ,!re does n appe> to be any rem$y = ?is accid5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,dull spots & pits4 ,9 "o bat* ( plates we 7 greatly tr\bl$ by ^! faults1 "o ( ! plates be+ cov]$ ) pits z ?ickly z if x _h be5 pepp]$ ) a pepp]-box4 ,capta9 ,abney says !y are due to ! use ( gelat9e :i* conta9s grease4 ,!y ru9$ a :ole s]ies ( f9e negatives = u once4 ,^! complete ! enum]ation ( ! accid5ts likely to occur dur+ developm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>ni%+4 ,we %all n[ presume t ! /ud5t has ?or\ghly dri$ 8 negatives1 aft] hav+ develop$ !m4 ,be=e /or+ !m1 h[ev]1 he mu/ v>ni% !m1 to protect !m f scrat*es1 & especially f damp1 = gelat9e1 be+ v hygroscopic1 easily absorbs moi/ure4 ,at times1 :5 w>m+ an app>5tly p]fectly dry negative ov] a flame1 prep>atory to v>ni%+ x1 a slight /eam c be se5 to arise1 due to ! evaporation ( ! moi/ure 9 ! film4 ,?is moi/ure 9 ! gelat9e w\ld ( c\rse 9 "t lead to decomposition1 & ru9 ! image2 = ^! reasons1 !n1 all negatives %\ld be v>ni%$4 ,be=e 8v>ni%+0 ea* negative %\ld be c>efully bru%$ ov] ) a camel's-hair bru%4 ,sid5ote3 ,dr4 ,c>ey ,lea's ,v>ni%4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t _m ( ! v>ni%es us$ are m or less non-act9ic1 z ,dr4 ,c>ey ,lea has prov$2 he1 !re=e1 recomm5ds ! foll[+3-- ,blea*$ lac x4 ,pick$ s&>ac v4 ,alcohol xii4 ,let ! lac dissolve 9 ! alcohol1 !n filt]1 fir/ soak+ ! filt] pap] ) alcohol4 ,p\r sl[ly1 & if necess>y at ! end add #a m ( alcohol to enable ! re/ to pass4 ,next add ! s&>ac to ! filtrate & refilt]1 us+ ( c\rse a fre% filt]4 ,w>m ! plate g5tly1 &1 hold+ x 9 ! left-h& bottom corn] betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]1 p\r a pool ( v>ni% on to ! plate t w cov] ab\t "o-?ird ! area ( ! plate1 !n let x run to ! "r-h& top corn]1 !n to ! left-h& top corn]1 !n to ! ?umb1 & f9ally dra9 (f at ! "r-h& bottom corn] into a filt]4 ,!n place x on a dra9age rack1 till j set1 :5 rew>m by ! fire1 o!rwise x does n set h>d & smoo?4 ,sid5ote3 ,roll] slide4 ,s9ce pap] negatives & a roll] slide 7 sugge/$ by ,fox ,talbot1 & made fit = use by ,blanqu>t-,evr>d1 sev]al +5i\s p]sons h be5 try+ to improve ^u ^! e>ly attempts4 ,f "t to "t1 dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s1 v>i\s work]s h ann\nc$ old ideas z new discov]ies1 nor h ^! be5 conf9$ to roll] slides & pap] negatives1 b ext5d$ to _m o!r photographic processes4 ,t no "o c claim any orig9ality ( discov]y on ?is head s9ce ,talbot & ,evr>d is obvi\s2 only p]fect$ me?ods c be claim$4 ,!re h be5 _m ( ^! introduc$1 b none wor? discuss+ until t (f]$ by ! ,messrs4 ,walk] & ,ea/man4 ,!y h p]fect$ ,talbot's & ,evr>d's "w1 & ?\gh !y h num]\s imitators1 _! "w is facile pr9ceps4 ,sid5ote3 ,pap] negatives4 ,n[ ! /ud5t w naturally expect u to give an op9ion on ^! pap] negatives4 ,= _m photographic processes !y are ( c\rse invaluable1 b = arti/ic "w our op9ion is t !y are n equal to ! ord9>y me?od4 ,^! rem>ks apply equally to ! v>i\s flexible films :i* h lately be5 introduc$4 ,= h& cam]as1 we %\ld ?9k1 film negatives w\ld be v useful1 & = small /udies su* z !y produce1 w\ld d well2 b !n su* are n pictures4 ,a picture mu/ be p]fect 9 all po9ts1 & = ?is reason ! films w n z yet answ]4 ,!y d %[ gra91 say :at p w2 we h exam9$ doz5s ( ! v be/1 & t is our op9ion4 ,besides ?is1 !y are liable to ! defects common to pap]1 su* z transp>5t spots1 & ! defects common to films1 su* z m>k+s & /a9s1 & 9 addition to all ?is !re is ! liability to injury ( ! negative aft] developm5t1 9 ! subsequ5t processes ( oil+ & /ripp+1 if /ripp+ films be us$4 ,! quality1 too1 ( ! picture is n equal to t ( an ord9>y negative4 ,:y x is s we _c expla94 ,:at ! future ( ^! processes may be we d n pret5d to say1 b = ! pres5t we feel assur$ t ! f9e/ quality ( "w is to be obta9$ on a glass support4 ,= ord9>y t\r+ purposes no d\bt ! roll]-slide & flexible films h e advantage1 b ) any b ! art side ( ! "q we h no?+ to d4 ,9 arti/ic "w1 all hap-haz>d results or accid5tal effects mu/ be c>efully elim9at$4 ,lightness1 pr9t+ f ei!r side1 & a good ret\*+ basis are no consid]ations = ! arti/1 he wants none ( ^! ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,or?o-*romatic photography4 ,!re /ill rema9s1 h[ev]1 a v important po9t f ! art po9t ( view1 z reg>ds tonality1 = z ! /ud5t :o has read 8 *emi/ry kn[s1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! spectrum act diff]5tly on ! diff]5t haloids4 ,! effect ( ?is has be5 to de/roy true tonality1 ?us a yell[ fl[] comes out black if tak5 on ord9>y plates4 ,to rem$y ?is dyes h be5 us$ :i* absorb ! weakly act+ rays1 & ?us has be5 made "o ( ! greate/ advances 9 photography1 bo? sci5tifically & arti/ically4 ,?is or?o-*romatic photography has engag$ ! att5tion ( exp]ts1 & ,abney1 ,vogel1 ,ed]1 ,ives1 ,bo?amley1 & ,edw>ds are h>d at "w ^u x n[1 besides _m amateur sci5ti/s4 ,we h be5 = "s "t exp]im5t+ 9 ?is direction = arti/ic purposes1 hav+ begun ) ,tailf]'s plates be=e any o!rs 7 introduc$ into ! ,engli% m>ket4 ,= ! photograph+ ( pictures ,messrs4 ,dixon & ,grey conclusively prov$ ! sup]iority ( ! process by _! exhibits at ! ,exhibition ( ! ,photographic ,society ( ,great ,brita91 9 #ahhf4 ,b ! matt] is diff]5t :5 l&scapes & portraits f life h to be consid]$4 ,x is ) ! wond]ful protean aspects ( nature t we h to deal :5 work+ f nature1 & we feel ! "q is n "o to be entirely settl$ 9 ! laboratory4 ,our me?od is always to "w out ( doors1 not+1 z f> z possible1 ! conditions & judg+ ! results by ! pr9ts1 & ?\gh su* exp]im5ts are f> f conclusive1 we c at pres5t say t ! or?o-*romatic plates are ne>ly correct 9 ! r5d]+ ( tonality1 b n p]fect1 ! r$s ov]run ! o!r col\rs1 & are too /rongly r5d]$4 ,9 fact1 ! r$s & gre5s are n p]fectly r5d]$1 & ev5 if ! correct values ( ! spectrum are r5d]$ 9 a laboratory1 ?is w n & does n give ! relative tones ( nature4 ,?is is ! po9t :i* mu/ be rem$i$4 ,und\bt$ly or?o-*romatic photography alone w be us$ 9 ! ne> future1 b j at pres5t x is n cut-&-dri$ en\gh = all practical purposes4 ,! /ud5t1 h[ev]1 mu/ use ^! plates4 ,!y are suppli$ by ,b4 ,j4 ,edw>ds2 & ,dr4 ,vogel's eoside ( silv] plates c be b\ght ( ,gotz1 #ai1 ,buck+ham ,/reet1 ,/r&4 ,s f> ! true/ tonality t we h se5 has be5 obta9$ on ,dr4 ,vogel's plates1 & 9 addition 8 l&scape plates require no yell[ scre5 to be us$ ) !m1 :i* is a trem5d\s advantage4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9al4 ,?us x w be se5 t 9 e op]ation ! art-k ( ! op]ator w tell4 ,= example1 let u suppose a cam]a set up ) ! l5s fix$1 be=e a beautiful l&scape compos$ on ! gr\nd-glass scre5 by an arti/1 !n let u imag9e t two photograph]s proce$ to take plates ( ! picture4 ,aft] ! v fir/ op]ation ( focuss+1 /opp+ & adju/+ ! sw+-backs2 a mighty gulf w sep>ate ! two pictures2 ! gulf wid5s z ! exposure is made1 & f9ally 9 ! develop$ plates !y are no long] ! same ?+4 ,"o may be a %>p1 common-place fact1 false 9 _m p>ts1 ! o!r may be full ( tru? & poetry4 ,let a pr9t be tak5 f ea* plate & pres5t$ to an arti/ically un$ucat$ craftsman & to an arti/1 ! craftsman w g into raptures ov] ! %>p craftsman picture1 ! arti/ w d ! same ov] ! arti/ic picture1 b ! arti/ w n look = a mom5t at ! craftsman's ideal1 & ?is little matt] any "o c prove = himself4 ,let ! /ud5t1 !n1 /rive to e>n ! arti/'s praise1 & let him ignore ! craftsman's1 & value 8 op9ion on ^! matt]s at ! same price he w\ld value 8 op9ions ^u any o!r subject :]e ta/e & ref9em5t are call$ into "q4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ret\*+ ,,negatives4 ,sid5ote3 ,def9ition ( ret\*+4 ,ret\*+ is ! process by :i* a good1 bad1 or indiff]5t photograph is conv]t$ into a bad draw+ or pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,work+ up 9 mono*rome1 oils1 c4 ,!oretically1 ret\*+ may be consid]$ admissible1 t is if ! impression c be made m true by x4 ,!re are1 p]haps1 half a doz5 pa9t]s 9 ! _w :o c\ld d ?is1 b no "o else4 ,nature is f> too subtle to be m$dl$ ) 9 ?is mann]4 ,we h discuss$ ! "q ) _m arti/s1 & _! v]dict is ! same z ours4 ,x is ! common plea ( photograph]s t photography exagg]ates ! %ad[s1 b we ?9k x has be5 %[n t if photography is prop]ly practis$1 no su* exagg]ation ( %ad[s takes place1 & if x did1 ret\*+ w\ld only add to ! falsity 9 ano!r way4 ,?is ret\*+ & pa9t+ ov] a photograph by incapable h&s1 by :om x is always done1 is mu* to be deprecat$4 ,! result is b a hybrid1 & is intol]able to any arti/4 ,"o fatal fact 9 all pa9t$ photographs1 & "o :i* = ev] keeps !m )\t ! realm ( art1 is t ! %ad[s1 be+ photographic1 are black & n fill$ ) reflect$ col\r z 9 nature & z 9 good oil pa9t+4 ,! same rem>k applies to me*anically-col\r$ photographs4 ,su* abom9ations1 f an art po9t ( view may1 h[ev]1 be useful 9 ! trades1 = patt]n plates & su* ?+s4 ,consid] = a mom5t ! habit ( work+ up 9 crayon1 mono*rome1 wat]-col\r & oils4 ,:at does x mean8 & h[ is x done8 ,9 "s e/abli%m5ts ! practice is = a cl]k to note d[n c]ta9 ( ! sitt]'s *>act]i/ics1 su* z 8hair light1 eyes blue1 necktie black20 ^! rem>ks are s5t ) a photograph1 g5]ally an enl>gem5t1 to ! arti/6 ,he1 9 a conv5tional & crude mann]1 makes necess>ily a trave/y ( ! portrait1 & = ^! abom9ations ! cu/om] pays f #el4 to #bjl4 ,consid] ! utt] %am & *ildi%ness ( ! :ole proce$+1 & rememb] t a portrait pa9t] ( ! greate/ ability c only pa9t ) ! model actually be=e him1 yet ^! work]s-up1 :o are n arti/s at all1 c pa9t f memor&a made by a cl]k4 ,x is a/oni%+ to ?9k !re are p 9 ! _w fooli% en\gh to pay = su* tra%4 ,ev5 ! v be/ oil pa9t+ done 9 su* a way is b tra%1 & if ! photographic base is s de/roy$ or cov]$ ov] t none ( x %[s1 x mu/ !n be judg$ on ! gr\nds ( mono*rome draw+ or pa9t+ z ! case may be1 & a sad ?+ x is :5 judg$ on ^! gr\nds4 ,sid5ote3 ,po/hum\s portraits & bu/s4 ,x may be said1 8,b pa9t]s pa9t po/hum\s portraits40 ,yes1 !y d1 confid+ public1 b !y pa9t !m z sculptors model po/hum\s bu/s1 b !y d n call !m works ( art4 ,we "k sev]al arti/s :o are compell$ by necessity & ! vanity ( human nature to execute ^! po/hum\s portraits1 & we "k1 too1 h[ !y value su* "w4 ,b x mu/ n be =gott5 :at a gulf sep>ates able arti/s f ! ?ird-rate 8work]s-up0 = photograph]s4 ,moreov]1 true arti/s nev] attempt po/hum\s portraits on ! top ( a photograph1 b simply use ! photograph z a guide = modell+1 light & %ade1 c41 a q legitimate use1 bo? = pa9t] & sculptor4 ,sid5ote3 ,phot4 ,soc4 ,great ,brita94 ,! ,photographic ,society ( ,great ,brita9 is to be congratulat$ on ! /& x has made 9 ! matt] by n hang+ any ( ^! abom9ations on _! walls1 & x is to be hop$ !y w /& firm & nev] admit col\r$ photographs ( any k9d until ! great problem ( photography 9 natural col\rs be solv$4 ,sid5ote3 8,high ,art0 photograph]s4 ,we h among/ photograph]s to-day p]sons :o pride !mselves on _! skill 9 tak+ out ( a photograph d\ble *9s1 wr9kles1 freckles1 & all ! "* ( a face1 & :o call !mselves1 we believe1 8high art photograph]s10 m]e flatt]]s ( mank9d's weaknesses are !y1 n ev5 hone/ craftsm54 ,& n only d !y ?us mutilate portraits1 b ) _! ,*9ese :ite & ,indian ink w !y1 ) all ! confid5ce ( ! un$ucat$1 t\* up a l&scape or a face ) no model be=e !m4 ,( tonality ( c\rse !y nev] he>d1 & ,nature !y nev] knew4 ,x 0 once our lot to judge ! pictures at a ,cambridge photographic exhibition1 & we 7 n a little /agg]$ by ! audacity ) :i* "o not$ 8,london firm0 _h t\*$ up & work$ ^u an opal enl>gem5t ( ,niag>a ,falls4 ,! picture 0 v true & beautiful be=e ^? v&als _h got hold ( x1 b1 great ,cs>6 :at a sight x 0 aft]w>ds1 ) its impa/o ( ,*9ese :ite1 & its %9y gum poli%$1 ,india ink deep5$ %ad[s6 ,9 %ort1 a m m]etrici\s production x has seldom be5 our lot to inspect1 & ?is ?+ 0 exhibit$ by an ,univ]sity und]graduate6 ,if su* is ! ta/e ( an educat$ man1 :at c "o expect f ! re/ ( ! _w6 ,let1 !n1 ! /ud5t avoid all ^! m]etrici\s productions z he w\ld all vulg>ities1 su* z eat+ 8 peas ) 8 knife4 ,no fir/-rate arti/ w all[ 8 pr9ts to be ret\*$2 he w\ld nev] be able to be> ! look ( !m aft]w>ds4 ,t ! idea ( ret\*+ spr+s f a wrong !ory is evid5t1 ! improp] use ( l5ses gave false draw+1 & p 7 9 arti/ically & %>ply photograph$1 s t wr9kles1 w>ts1 freckles1 & ev5 ! pores ( ! sk9 %[$1 & !n arose ! dem& = a ret\*] to correct all t1 & "o error l$ to ano!r1 al?\gh1 )\t d\bt1 ! false "w ( a ret\*] is mu* tru] ?an ! false "w ( an un$ucat$ op]ator4 ,c]ta9ly p d n see1 at ! di/ance a photograph is tak5 f1 ! wr9kles1 spots1 & o!r small blemi%es1 & !y are too un$ucat$ to see ! fals5ess ( tone :i* ret\*+ eng5d]s4 ,( all ! photograph]s :o talk glibly ( art1 we w>rant sc>cely "o is able to di/+ui% betwe5 a bu/ c>v$ by a /one-mason1 "o c>v$ by a m$iocre sculptor1 & "o c>v$ by a ma/]1 9 fact we h prov$ ?is1 & yet !y talk1 talk1 write1 & lecture on art2 :ile to an arti/ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ea* ( ^? ?ree bu/s is z great z ! diff]5ce betwe5 a m\nta91 a hillock1 & a m>%4 ,! public see ! w>ts & spots & call !m false1 ! great] falsity ( tone & ret\*+ !y _c di/+ui%4 ,an et*] once rem>k$ to u1 8,h[ is x photograph]s seem to d ev]y?+ to make photographs any?+ b photographs80 ,& su* is ! case2 ! mat*less beauty ( a pure & arti/ic photograph does n satisfy _! vulg> m9ds1 & yet su* is ! only k9d ( photograph at :i* arti/s w look4 ,sid5ote3 ,arti/s on ret\*+4 ,x is n[ fifty ye>s s9ce ,dagu]re publicly ann\nc$ ,niepce's discov]ies1 & on ! sci5tific & indu/rial side1 photography has results to %[ no?+ %ort ( m>vell\s1 b :at has x to %[ on ! arti/ic side8 ,( ! ?\s&s :o h practis$ photography s9ce #ahci1 & :o are n[ dead1 h[ _m names /& out z hav+ done "w ( any arti/ic value8 ,only ?ree4 ,"o a ma/]1 :o 0 at ! same "t a sculptor1 namely1 ,adam ,salomon2 "o a tra9$ pa9t]1 b )\t fir/-rate arti/ic ability1 ,rejl&]2 & "o1 an amateur1--,mrs4 ,cam]on4 ,beside ^! ?ree !re is no "n among ! num]\s dead photograph]s wor? a m5tion4 ,& h matt]s improv$8 ,well may x be ask$ by ^? :o h ! good ( photography at he>t1 :e!r x w always be ?us4 ,we hope n2 b if x is to be o!rwise1 "s radical *ange mu/ be made1 & ! bl9d no long] lead ! bl9d4 ,we h said1 !n1 t ( all ! ?\s&s ( craftsm5 :o h practis$ photography & are dead1 ?ree names only /& out z hav+ produc$ works to :i* we c apply ! title arti/ic4 ,n[ let u see :at ^? ?ree h to say to ! matt] ( ret\*+4 ,sid5ote3 ,adam ,salomon4 ,mr4 ,adam ,salomon1 ?\gh he /r5g!n$ c]ta9 p>ts ( 8 negatives by artificial means1 :i* 9 ! h&s ( an accompli%$ arti/ l himself1 0 admissible1 condemn$ ret\*+ altoge!r4 ,he says1 8,es*ew+ ret\*+ ) bru% or p5cil on ! film1 risk+ ! fur!r det]ioration ( ! negative1 ,i make light f9i% ! task x has1 f want ( "t1 or bad quality1 insuffici5tly done1 & 9 su* a mann] t no h& c hope to rival its delicacy & precision1 & ?is is ! only plan t a lov] ( 8 call+ c ju/ifiably pursue40 ,s we see t a highly-tra9$ sculptor1 l ,adam ,salomon1 d>$ n ret\*1 b only sunn$ d[n viol5t contra/s at fir/1 & !n pr9t$ 9 all ! picture1 s t x c\ld n be detect$2 yet ,adam ,salomon1 9 our op9ion1 c\ld h q legitimately work$ on 8 negatives1 be+ z he 0 a highly-tra9$ arti/4 ,sid5ote3 ,rejl&]4 ,rejl&]1 n be+ a pa9t] ( great ability1 b hav+ a pa9t]'s tra9+1 tri$ all me?ods until he arriv$ at ! legitimate scope ( photography1 !n he came to ! conclusion t ret\*+ 0 inadmissible1 & x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,rejl&] 0 m capable ( ret\*+ tru?fully ?an any ret\*] has be5 s9ce1 & yet he says1 8,i ?9k ! practice ( ret\*+ ! negative a sad ?+ = photography4 ,x is impossible1 = ev5 v capable arti/s1 to rival or improve ! delicate1 almo/ my/]i\s gradations ( ! photograph4 ,magnify ! photographic r5d]+ (1 say1 ! human eye1 ) a /rong l5s1 & x is f\nd to be almo/ />tl+ 9 its m>vell\s tru?4 ,magnify ! ret\*$ image1 & x w look l co>se de=mity4 ,x ceases to be true4 ,i h sometimes se5 a t\*$ photograph :i* look$ v nice1 b x possess$ no int]e/ = me2 ,i knew x c\ld n be tru/$4 ,i h be5 *>g$ ) sophi/icat+ photographs because ,i comb9$ & mask$ & sunn$ pr9ts4 ,b !re is a great di/9ction betwe5 suppress+ & add+2 ,i nev] add$4 ,i /opp$-out portions ( ! negatives :i* ,i did n require to =m my picture2 ,i sunn$ d[n t :i* 0 obtrusive1 & :]e "o negative w\ld n s]ve1 ,i us$ two or m1 jo9+ !m ) at mu* tru? z ,i c\ld4 ,b ,i nev] attempt$ to improve negatives4 ,i nev] believ$ t ,i c\ld draw bett] or m truly ?an ,nature4 ,i consid] a t\*$ photograph spoil$ = e purpose40 ,?is1 !n1 0 ,rejl&]'s v]dict1 & ?\gh f ?is we ga!r he _h n yet ?r[n (f ! fallacy ( comb9ation-pr9t+1 yet he subsequ5tly abjur$ t also4 ,ev5 :5 he did use comb9ation-pr9t+1 he practis$ x 9 a mann] nev] equall$ by 8 imitators1 = l all imitators !y h copi$ ! bad qualities & left all ! g5ius beh9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,cam]on4 ,mrs4 ,cam]on1 ! la/ & lea/ ( ! ?ree1 _h k & feel+ en\gh also to es*ew ret\*+1 none ( h] "w is ret\*$1 j z %e _h k en\gh to use a rapid rectil9e> l5s1 al?\gh work+ 9 ! wet-collodion days1 = %e evid5tly saw :at escap$ s _m o!r work]s1 t ! draw+ 0 tru] ) t l5s ?an ) ! quick] portrait l5ses4 ,:5 x comes1 by ! means ( ret\*+1 to /raight5+ noses1 remov+ d\ble *9s1 elim9at+ squ9ts1 fatt5+ *eeks1 & smoo?+ sk9s1 we desc5d to an abyss ( *>latanism & juggl]y1 :i* we w n /op to discuss4 ,t su* ?+s pay & please va9 & /upid p1 no "o d5ies1 b s d contortioni/s please a c]ta9 public1 s d juggl]s & tight-rope danc]s1 & su* l1 b all t is n art4 ,sid5ote3 ,doctor+ negatives4 ,!re are v>i\s practices ( doctor+ ! negative by us+ pa9t & o!r m$iums on ! backs1 or by gr9d+ ! backs ( ! negatives4 ,^! are1 9 our op9ion1 all unnecess>y & h>mful1 ! rem>ks on ret\*+ apply equally well "h4 ,su* artifices may easily deceive & ev5 please ! un$ucat$1 b ! arti/ only sees !m to despise & condemn !m4 ,! te*nique ( photography is p]fect1 no su* bot*y aids are necess>y1 !y take ! place ( ! putty ( ! bad c>p5t]4 ,sid5ote3 ,spott+4 ,( c\rse1 spott+ does n come "u ! head ( ret\*+4 ,! spott] does n attempt to modify /ructure or tone1 b m]ely to r5d] an unavoidable & accid5tal 8blemi%0 less pat5t4 ,all spots %\ld be fill$ ) r$ pa9t mix$ ) a little gum & wat]1 b c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 ?is op]ation1 to put on only j en\gh pa9t to fill ! hole4 ,our p>t+ injunction1 !n1 to ! photograph] :o w\ld be an arti/1 is1 avoid ret\*+ 9 all its =ms2 x de/roys texture & tone1 & !re=e ! tru? ( ! picture4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,pr9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! process4 ,hav+ 8 negative1 ! next ?+ our /ud5t w want to d is to pr9t f x2 b be=e do+ s1 x w be necess>y to decide ^u ! process he w use4 ,?is is a "q ( great mom5t1 & "o :i* w "h be consid]$ on purely arti/ic gr\nds4 ,sid5ote3 ,silv] pr9ts4 ,:5 fir/ we began photography1 we pr9t$ 9 all sorts ( ways2 b silv] pr9t+1 on acc\nt *iefly ( its unpleasant glaze1 0 soon disc>d$4 ,sid5ote3 ,plat9otype4 ,!n we prep>$ "s ord9>y draw+ pap]1 & pr9t$ on t1 till "o day we saw an album ( views pr9t$ 9 plat9otype4 ,_! beauty act$ l a *>m1 & /raightway we took to plat9otype4 ,/ill we felt t = portraiture1 a r$ col\r gave a tru] impression4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>bon4 ,s we tri$ c>bon1 & practis$ x :5 necess>y4 ,ev5 n[1 :5 we look back on ^? days1 we rememb] ! int5se pleasure c>bon pr9t+ gave u4 ,sid5ote3 ,plat9otypes4 ,9 ! ye> #ahhb1 :5 we fir/ exhibit$ at ,pall ,mall1 we s5t f\r plat9otype pr9ts1 & two silv] pr9ts4 ,at t exhibition !re 7 only ?ree o!r exhibits 9 plat9otype4 ,imm$iately aft] t exhibition we det]m9$ to give up all me?ods ( pr9t+ except plat9otype1 & we h s9ce /eadily by example & precept advocat$ t process4 ,:5 we 7 br\ght into contact ) arti/s1 & le>n$ some?+ ( art1 we knew ! reason ( :at we _h in/9ctively felt to be true4 ,& n[1 aft] mu* exp]i5ce & c>eful exam9ation1 9 _m cases 9 company ) able arti/s1 ( all ! pr9t+ pap]s & processes to-day employ$1 we emphatically ass]t t ! plat9otype process is facile pr9ceps4 ,we %\ld ma9ta9 ?is1 ev5 if plat9otypes 7 no m p]man5t ?an silv] pr9ts1 b "h aga91 z 9 all good ?+s1 simplicity ( manipulation goes ) excell5cy1 = !re is no d\bt t plat9otypes are p]man5t1 !y w la/ 9 good condition z long z ! pap] on :i* !y are pr9t$4 ,?is fact alone w\ld f9ally place ! process at ! head ( ! li/4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( ! plat9otype process v>i\s pap]s h be5 introduc$ into ! m>ket1 ) unglaz$ surfaces1 = :i* ! quality ( p]man5cy has be5 claim$4 ,sev]al ( ^! are old me?ods re-dress$1 z ! gelat9o-bromide & *loride pap]s4 ,b are ^! pap]s p]man5t8 ,at any rate !y d n give any tru] tonality ?an silv] pr9ts1 & ?is is a fatal drawback4 ,we h exam9$ hundr$s ( pr9ts on gelat9o-bromide & *loride pap]1 & !y all give false tonality z comp>$ ) plat9otype4 ,sid5ote3 ,fad+ ( pr9ts4 ,! gelat9o-bromide pap] l all silv] pr9ts1 :e!r matt or glaz$1 is false 9 tonality1 ! blacks are too black1 & ! :ole picture l[]$ 9 tone4 ,!n1 aga91 z to ! "q ( p]man5cy1 x is ( c\rse inconte/able t silv] pr9ts fade1 & z reg>ds ! gelat9o-bromide pap]1 exp]im5t has n prov$ x to be p]man5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,mr4 ,spill] on gelat9o-bromide pr9ts4 ,?is is :at a *emi/1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,spill]1 says 9 ! ,ye> ,book ( ,photography & ,photographic ,news = #ahhh2 writ+ on 8,bromide v]sus album5iz$ pap]10 he says1 8,f ! above consid]ations x may fairly be conc$$ t "u ! same conditions a bromide pr9t w mo/ likely rema9 intact long] ?an an album5iz$ pap] pr9t2 b m ?an ?is1 ,i am afraid1 ) ! evid5ce at pres5t at h&1 we are n 9 a position to /ate4 ,9 (f]+ ?is1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 t only "u equally fav\rable circum/ances is ! bromide process likely to yield results m p]man5t ?an t on album5iz$ pap]1 = j z a gelat9e plate or silv] pr9t fades :5 ! #8hypo' fix] has be5 imp]fectly remov$1 s aga9 9 ! bromide process1 if insuffici5t wa%+ aft] fix+ be resort$ to1 ! result+ photograph _c be expect$ to la/ long40 ,su* 0 ! op9ion ( e photograph] :o _h ?\ght ! matt] out1 b we give ,mr4 ,spill]'s op9ion s9ce x is t ( a speciali/ 9 *emi/ry4 ,9 conjunction ) a not$ l&scape-pa9t] we w5t c>efully into ?is "q ( ! diff]5t pr9t+ processes1 = a book we 7 conjo9tly engag$ ^u 0 to be illu/rat$ by photographs f our negatives4 ,we soon det]m9$1 on arti/ic gr\nds1 t !re 0 no?+ t c\ld compete ) plat9otype4 ,be=e decid+1 h[ev]1 we wrote to a lead+ produc] ( gelat9o-bromide pap]s1 ask+ him if he c\ld gu>antee ! p]man5cy ( pr9ts on ?is pap]4 ,:5 ! answ] came x 0 evasive & unaccompani$ by any gu>antee4 ,^! gelat9o-bromide pap]s are to be met ) "u diff]5t names1 & ?\gh = c]ta9 trade or indu/rial purposes !y may be invaluable1 = arti/ic purposes !y are inf]ior to plat9otype4 ,c>bon1 ?\gh sup]ior to silv] pr9t+1 is /ill inf]ior to plat9otype1 = ev5 :5 ! glaze is got rid (1 ! me?od ( ! =mation ( ! image1 be+ sculpturesque1 gives a falsity ( appe>ance & an unnatural runn+ toge!r 7l melt$ wax7 ( portions ( ! detail4 ,sid5ote3 ,mr4 ,willis4 ,!re is1 !n1 9 our op9ion1 = ! art /ud5t1 b "o process 9 :i* to pr9t1 & t is ! plat9otype process discov]$ by ,mr4 ,willis4 ,e photograph] :o has ! good & advancem5t ( photography at he>t1 %\ld feel indebt$ to ,mr4 ,willis = plac+ )9 8 p[] a process by :i* he is able to produce "w comp>able1 on arti/ic gr\nds1 ) any o!r black & :ite process4 ,we h no hesitation 9 say+ t ! discov]y & subsequ5t practice ( ?is process has _h an incalculable am\nt ( influ5ce 9 rais+ ! /&>d ( photography4 ,no arti/ c\ld re/ cont5t to practise photography alone z an art1 s long z su* in>ti/ic pr9t+ me?ods z ! pre-plat9otype processes 7 9 vogue4 ,if ! photo-et*+ process & ! plat9otype process 7 to become lo/ arts1 we1 = our "p1 %\ld nev] take ano!r photograph4 ,b "h x is necess>y to w>n ! /ud5t aga9/ ! rem>ks ( ! plat9otype company & _m ( _! admir]s1 :o ma9ta9 t = good pr9ts 8plucky0 negatives are necess>y2 & !n foll[s ! old /ory ab\t 8fire10 8snap10 8sp>kle10 & ,co4 ,z we h already despat*$ t gang1 we w sp5d no m "t ov] _! fun]al4 ,= l[-ton$ effects1 & = grey-day l&scapes1 ! plat9otype process is unequall$1 b ! 8fire10 8snap10 8sp>kle0 company ?9k su* effects bad1 weak1 muddy1 & :at n4 ,( c\rse1 ! /ud5t w li/5 to no?+ ( ?is1 b try = himself1 & :5 he wants advice1 let him ask x ( good arti/s4 ,we once %[$ a grey-day effect to a cl]k at ! ,plat9otype ,company's ,(fice1 hav+ previ\sly _h ! op9ion ( "s fir/-rate pa9t]s ^u x2 ! cl]k look$ at x critically & said1 8,yes1 v nice2 b look at ?is10 & he took u to a frame hang+ 9 ! same room & po9t$ to a commonplace view1 tak5 ) a small /op 9 bright sunlight--a view1 we believe1 ( a *ur* or some?+ ( t k9d2 !re 0 8 ideal ( :at a plat9otype %\ld be4 ,! pr9t 9 "q 0 ab\t fit = a h\se-ag5t's w9d[4 ,no6 ,plat9otype pr9t]s d n seem to "k :at a good ?+ !y h4 ,_! pap] is z suitable & z beautiful = s(t grey-day effects z = brilliant sun%9y effects1 & x is to be hop$ !y w soon h _! eyes op5$ to ?is fact1 & cease to enc\rage ! false notion t good1 ergo plucky1 sp>kl+1 snappy negatives are ^? requir$ = ! use ( ! pap]4 ,! process1 h[ev]1 is n p]fect1 ! only p]fect pr9t+ process be+ photo-et*+1 z we %all %[ pres5tly2 b ( all ! processes = pr9t+ f ! negative x is ! be/2 ( all ! typographic processes x is ! be/2 & x is bett] ?an _m ( ! copp]plate processes4 ,sid5ote3 ,cold process4 ,s9ce writ+ ?is *apt]1 ,mr4 ,willis has introduc$ a great improvem5t 9 8 process1 by :i* ! pr9t c be develop$ ) a cold solution2 b :at is f> m important1 arti/ically speak+1 ! developm5t c be controll$1 = ! develop] c be appli$ ) a bru%1 s t p>ts c be int5sifi$ or kept back at w1 & 8s9k+-90 is avoid$4 ,?is is a great & di/9ct advance4 ,sid5ote3 ,f]ro-,prussiate pr9t+ process4 ,! ,f]ro-,prussiate pr9t+ process1 ( c\rse1 does n conc]n u1 blue pr9ts are only = plans1 n = art4 ,sid5ote3 ,h9ts = plat9otype pr9t+4 ,our pr9t+ process1 !n1 is to be plat9otype & plat9otype only1 & z !re is no use 9 swell+ ?is "w ) facts already publi%$1 we advise e /ud5t to get full directions f ! ,plat9otype ,company1 #bi1 ,s\?ampton ,r[1 ,high ,holborn1 ,london1 & to /udy !m c>efully4 ,x is advisable to arrange ! pr9t+ s t y are n compell$ to keep ! pap] any "t2 get x fre% :5 requir$1 !re=e1 & only z mu* z y require = imm$iate use4 ,be=e putt+ x 9 ! box1 drive all ! moi/ure out ( ! calcium-*loride by heat+ x on a %ovel1 or old tray1 ov] ! fire1 & dry ! box ?or\ghly be=e ! fire4 ,dry also all ! pr9t+ frames ?or\ghly be=e a fire1 also ! rubb]s1 ! use ( :i* mu/ n be neglect$4 ,be sure y mix ! ba?s & develop] ) pure boil$ di/ill$ wat] only1 or else y w be apt to f9d a f9e p[d] on ! pr9ts4 ,be v c>eful n to place ! pr9ts 9 wat] betwe5 ! wa%+s4 ,above all1 nev] use y\r di%es = any o!r purpose4 ,"s photograph]s1 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 compla9 t !y _c get up heat to boil a l>ge en\gh quantity ( develop] = #ab #aj pr9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,lamps4 ,we f\nd an excell5t heat+ app>atus 9 ! t9 _s lamps ) treble wicks1 suppli$ by ,all5 ( ,m>ylebone ,lane1 ) 8 portable ,turki% ba?s4 ,) two ( ^! lamps we _h no difficulty 9 heat+ a develop] = #bd #bb pr9ts4 ,! di% c be support$ by blocks ( wood at ! f\r corn]s1 & rais$ to ! height requir$ by o!r blocks1 or a tripod4 ,! pr9ts :5 tak5 f ! wa%+ wat] %\ld be dri$ on a clean %eet1 & are f9ally improv$ by press+ ) a w>m iron4 ,sid5ote3 ,spott+4 ,= spott+1 ,india ink is ! mo/ suitable m$ium4 ,?is1 x is said1 is p]man5t1 & any %ade c be got1 b good ,india ink1 l _m o!r articles ( trade1 is a r>e ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,texture ( pap]s4 ,!re are diff]5t k9ds ( pap] sold by ! ,plat9otype ,company = pr9t+1 & ! pr9t] w ( c\rse *oose ! texture ( pap] t suits 8 subject4 ,delicate l&scapes & small portraits %\ld be pr9t$ on ! smoo? pap]s1 :ile = /rong effects1 l>ge figure subjects1 & l>ge portraits full ( "*1 ! r\gh pap]s are m suitable4 ,sid5ote3 ,col\r4 ,! *>coal grey t9t ( ord9>y plat9otypes is apt to become monoton\s 9 book illu/ration1 & x is z well to v>y x occasionally by us+ ! sepia t9ts2 ^! are q suitable = l&scapes & c]ta9 figure subjects4 ,directions are giv5 by ! company = produc+ ?is col\r4 ,a great desid]atum is a r$ col\r = portraiture1 & x is to be hop$ t ,mr4 ,willis w see 8 way to produc+ a pap] on :i* pr9ts 9 :at is call$ 8,b>tolozzi r$0 c be obta9$4 ,r$1 ?\gh x does n give su* true tonality1 gives a tru] impression ( fle% & texture1 j z sepia (t5 gives a tru] impression ( c]ta9 k9ds ( l&scape4 ,b ( c\rse ^! t9ts mu/ be us$ ) judgm5t1 & no "o b a v&al w\ld pr9t a l&scape 9 r$1 or 9 cyanotype4 ,hav+ n[ dispos$ ( ! "q ( ! pr9t+ process to be us$1 we mu/ discuss "s ( ! details incid5tal to pr9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,vignett+4 ,:oev] introduc$ ! practice ( vignett+ 0 no arti/1 & ! 8dodge0 0 evolv$ f a misconception ( ! aims ( art1 or = comm]cial purposes4 ,its orig9 is obvi\s1 ! idea 0 tak5 f "o ( ! incomplete me?ods ( arti/ic expression1 su* z *alk draw+4 ,9 su* me?ods ! arti/ has a p]fect "r to leave ! backgr\nd unt9t$1 or only to %ade r\nd ! head s z to give x relief1 b ) a p]fect te*nique l photography1 vignett+ is useless1 nay in>ti/ic & false1 z x de/roys all tonality4 ,we get by ?is me?od a s(tly delicately light$ head1 aga9/ a sp>kl+ backgr\nd1 ! two are incompatible1 & n only t1 b ! photograph] :o vignettes is delib]ately ?r[+ away a mo/ effective aid to p]fect impression1 namely1 ! relief effect$ by ! reflect$ light f 8 backgr\nd1 & :5 y add to ?is ! conv5tional %ape ( ! vignett$ head & %ad[s1 ! result is feeble 9 ! extreme4 ,"h1 !n1 is ano!r false god :i* has = ye>s held sway4 ,we ask ! /ud5t1 did he ev] see a vignette pa9t$ by ,da ,v9ci1 ,rembr&t1 ,holbe91 ,velasquez1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 or ,frank ,hals8 ,su* m5 knew too well ! value ( a backgr\nd to ?r[ x away2 !y c\ld n h pa9t$ a vignett$ head4 ,look at _! *alk draw+s1 & ! case is v diff]5t2 !re !y 7 deal+ ) an incomplete me?od1 & kept rigidly )9 _! b\nds4 ,9 our e>ly photographic days1 we le>n$ pr9t+ f an indu/rial photograph]1 :o did an ext5sive bus9ess 9 vignett$ heads1 & x 0 a s\rce ( great amusem5t to u to wat* ! me*anical application ( ! vignettes by ! 8head0 pr9t]4 ,?is is ( c\rse ano!r s\rce ( ! me*anical appe>ance ( ord9>y photographs2 = by vignett+ fifty diff]5t heads a c]ta9 uni=mity mu/ result1 z 9 a regim5t dress$ 9 uni=m1 ) ( c\rse ! fatal result1 ! loss ( all individuality1 "*1 & ( c\rse art4 ,! few photographic portraits t we h se5 wor? /udy+ 7 c]ta9ly n vignett$4 ,mrs4 ,cam]on did n vignette1 %e knew bett]4 ,t p dem& vignettes & pay = !m is no?+ to u1 let photograph]s sell !m z !y d scraps & *romographs1 & o!r fancy articles1 if x please ! *ildi% & vulg>1 b let !m n be call$ works ( art1 = on ! contr>y !y are c]ta9 indices ( bad ta/e4 ,vignett+ might be admissible 9 c]ta9 decorative cases 9 book illu/ration1 z :5 a l&scape decorates an initial lett]1 b 9 pictures = fram+1 nev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,comb9ation pr9t+4 ,! simple/ application ( ?is me?od is ! pr9t+ ( a cl\d into a l&scape f a diff]5t negative4 ,?\gh x is f> pref]able to obta9 ! cl\ds on ! same negative1 & ?is is q easy 9 or?o-*romatic photography1 x is1 if y use great judgm5t1 admissible to pr9t 9 cl\ds f a sep>ate negative1 b ?is requires an intimate k ( out-door effects1 & ! cl\ds mu/ be tak5 9 a p>ticul> way4 ,pr9t+ 9 cl\ds is admissible because1 if well done1 a tru] impression ( ! sc5e is r5d]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,cl\d negatives4 ,b ! ord9>y way ( tak+ cl\d negatives is mu* to be condemn$4 ,! practice is to po9t ! cam]a to ! z5i? if ne$ be1 to focus %>ply1 to to use ! smalle/ /op1 develop & select = f9al use accord+ to ! light+1 inde$1 n always be+ v p>ticul> on t po9t4 ,b1 by elevat+ ! cam]a a po9t ( sight is tak5 diff]5t f t employ$ 9 tak+ ! l&scape2 by focuss+ %>ply1 (t5 us+ a l5s draw+ falsely1 ! cl\ds are r5d]$ false 9 tone & false 9 draw+4 ,all ?is an arti/ detects 9 a mom5t1 a craftsman1 nev]4 ,! fir/ necessity1 !n1 9 tak+ cl\d negatives is t ! po9t ( sight %all be ! same z t *os5 = ! l&scapes2 ! second t ! cl\ds %all be s focuss$ & develop$ t _! tonality %all rema9 true2 & ! ?ird & mo/ important po9t1 t ! cl\d =m %all be h>moni\s ) ! l&scape4 ,! v simple/ tru?s ( nature are daily ignor$ by photograph]s 9 ! works !y exhibit4 ,!re are (t5 ?ree1 or ev5 f\r suns 9 "o l&scape1 or at lea/ ! evid5ce ( !m2 mighty cumuli float ov] lakes :]e !re is no ripple1 & yet !re is no reflection2 or1 z we h se51 reflections ( cl\ds h be5 pr9t$ 9 :]e !re are ripple m>ks2 or heavy nimbi light$ f "o direction are plac$ ov] cirro-cumuli light$ f ano!r direction2 or1 aga91 a sett+ sun s9ks to re/ ov] wave-brok5 wat] t reflects gl9ts ( light f exactly ! opposite direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ to take cl\ds4 ,! be/ way1 !n1 if a cl\d negative is want$1 is to take x at ! same "t z ! l&scape & f ! same po9t ( view1 gett+ z mu* z possible ! same impression z se5 9 nature4 ,! exposure mu/ ( c\rse be by a %utt] set quickly4 ,sid5ote3 ,to pr9t 9 cl\ds4 ,we ?9k ! be/ way ( pr9t+ 9 cl\ds s obta9$1 is to take a piece ( damp tissue pap] ! size ( ! negative1 gum x r\nd ! edges to ! back ( ! negative1 !n ) "s blacklead & a /ump black5 ! sky out :5 ! pap] is dry1 c>efully foll[+ ! cont\rs ( ^? objects :i* /& 9 relief aga9/ ! sky ) a lead p5cil4 ,9 ?is way y c ) m>vell\s accuracy /op out ! sky1 & ! "w be+ on ! back ( ! negative & 9 plumbago1 ! cont\rs /ill %[ ! m+l$ decision & indecision ( nature4 ,! pr9t is !n tak51 & aft]w>ds ! cl\d negative is arrang$ z desir$1 ! sky-l9e be+ cov]$ ) cotton-wool & ! re/ ( ! expos$ l&scape by a black clo?4 ,no special pr9t+ frames are requir$ = ?is purpose1 only "o a size or two l>g] ?an ! negative y are pr9t+ f4 ,cl\d pr9t+1 z we h said1 is ! simple/ =m ( comb9ation pr9t+1 & ! only "o admissible :5 we are consid]+ arti/ic "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,comb9ation pr9t+4 ,rejl&]1 h[ev]1 9 ! e>ly days ( photography1 tri$ to make pictures by comb9ation pr9t+4 ,?is process is really :at _m ( u practis$ 9 ! nurs]y2 t is cutt+ out figures & pa/+ !m into :ite spaces left = t purpose 9 a picture-book4 ,) all ! c>e 9 ! _w1 ! v be/ arti/ liv+ c\ld n d ?is satisfactorily4 ,nature is s subtle t x is impossible to d ?is sort ( pat*work & repres5t h]4 ,ev5 if ! great] tru?s be regi/]$1 ! less] tru?s1 /ill important1 _c be obta9$1 & ! s(tness ( outl9e is entirely lo/4 ,! relation ( ! figure to ! l&scape c nev] be truly repres5t$ 9 ?is mann]1 = all subtle modell+ ( ! cont\rs ( ! figure are lo/4 ,su* ?+s are easy en\gh to d1 & :5 we fir/ began photography we did a few1 b soon gave x up1 conv9c$ ( its futility4 ,sid5ote3 ,rejl&]4 ,rejl&]1 ?\gh he tri$ x1 soon saw ! folly ( su* play1 & he is ! only arti/ we "k ( :o us$ x4 ,mrs4 ,cam]on & ,adam ,salomon nev] indulg$ 9 su* ?+s t we "k (4 ,"s writ]s h hon\r$ ?is me?od ( pr9t+ by call+ x ! highe/ =m ( photographic "w4 ,heav5 help !m6 ,! subject is h>dly wor? z _m words1 = ?\gh su* 8"w0 may produce s5sational effects 9 photographic gall]ies1 x is b ! art ( ! op]a b\ffe4 ,sid5ote3 ,masks4 ,9 pr9t+1 v>i\sly %ap$ masks are us$4 ,!re is no objection to !m1 b 9 our op9ion !y d n 9 any way improve ! subject1 al?\gh !y d n necess>ily spoil x l vignett+4 ,besides all ^! 8dodges10 !re are ma*9es = produc+ imitation enamel portraits 9 basso-relievo & cavi-relievo1 b all su* ideas are false 9 !ory1 & ! results in>ti/ic hybrids unwor?y ( any s]i\s consid]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9al4 ,"h1 !n1 we come to an end ( ! subject ( pr9t+1 & 9 our op9ion ! /ud5t %\ld consid] himself =tunate inde$ 9 hav+ s beautiful a me?od z ! plat9otype process ) :i* to "w4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,enl>gem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,enl>gem5ts4 ,! be/ enl>gem5ts made = ! trade are made f v %>ply-focuss$ negatives4 ,9 fact1 "s ( ! be/ enl>g]s take up ! negative f :i* ! enl>gem5t is to be made1 & exam9e x ) a small magnify+-glass1 & if any ( ! outl9es are woolly !y w n promise a good enl>gem5t4 ,?is1 !n1 %[s t a small negative mu/ be tak5 v %>ply if x is to produce a good enl>gem5t2 t is1 x mu/ be tak5 purely f t po9t ( view1 all arti/ic consid]ations be+ ?r[n aside4 ,x is obvi\s1 !n1 f :at we h already said1 t ?is is undesirable1 = e negative %\ld be suit$ to ! subject4 ,sid5ote3 ,increas$ falsity ( draw+4 ,enl>g+1 too1 ( c\rse increases all fals5ess 9 draw+2 if ! draw+ 9 ! diff]5t planes is wrong 9 ! small negative1 x w be /ill worse 9 ! l>ge negative or pr9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,enl>g+ hap-haz>d4 ,b1 x w be argu$1 & ju/ly1 t sometimes an enl>gem5t is m arti/ic ?an ! small picture f :i* x 0 produc$4 ,?is is sometimes1 b r>ely1 ! case2 & :5 su* is ! case1 x is ! result ( *ance4 ,y w\ld nev] be able to take a negative 9 a p>ticul> way s t y "k = c]ta9 x w be improv$ by enl>g+ s _m diamet]s1 & !re9 lies ! inh]5t defect :i* unfits ?is process = arti/ic "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! me?od4 ,! actual process ( enl>g+ is v simple1 ei!r by artificial light or daylight2 b x is 9 our op9ion a ne$less & undesirable proce$+4 ,sid5ote3 ,an example4 ,we h made _m exp]im5ts 9 ?is direction1 b we h nev] yet be5 able to get an enl>gem5t z f9e 9 quality z ! direct photograph4 ,all ! little subtleties :i* give quality to ! "w are ei!r lo/ or are only obta9$ accid5tally4 ,n long ago we saw a beautiful portrait--an enl>gem5t1 ! pr9t f ! small negative ( :i* 0 v poor1 & no "o 0 m surpris$ at ! improvem5t 9 ! enl>gem5t ?an ! photograph] himself1 b he c\ld nev] make sure ( do+ ! same ?+ aga94 ,!re=e es*ew enl>gem5ts4 ,a picture ( f9e quality1 qu>t]-plate size1 is wor? a doz5 enl>gem5ts #bd #bb4 ,sid5ote3 ,tonality4 ,x is only 9 c]ta9 v limit$ effects t ! tonality w be true aft] enl>gem5t1 & t ( c\rse con/itutes ano!r fatal objection4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,transp>5cies1 ,,lant]n ,,& ,,/]eoscopic ,,slides4 ,sid5ote3 ,transp>5cies4 ,= indu/rial & educational purposes transp>5cies ( all k9ds are valuable1 & we %all t\* ^u !m else:]e4 ,sid5ote3 ,lant]n slides4 ,) lant]n slides our art-/ud5t has no?+ to d4 ,a lant]n picture is an optical illusion1 & lant]n slides are toys :5 !y d n s]ve lecture purposes4 ,= lecture purposes !y are ( c\rse invaluable1 b !y h no place 9 art1 nei!r h /]eoscopic slides4 ,!y all rank ) ! cam]a obscura1 ! diorama1 & ! panorama4 ,we say all ?is because a beg9n] mu/ be caution$ aga9/ pay+ any s]i\s att5tion to ^! subjects if 8 aim be to become an arti/4 ,art is mu* too s]i\s = h] devotees to trifle ) any o!r subject1 & besides ! mak+ ( lant]n & /]eoscopic slides is apt to h a bad effect on ! beg9n]4 ,8 att5tion becomes c5t]$ on ! production ( pretty ?+s--a neat1 small1 sup]ficial prett9ess p]vad+ mo/ ( ! "w ( good lant]n-slide work]s4 ,conv5tional compositions & ,birket-,fo/] prett9ess are ! lant]n-slide mak]'s beau-ideals4 ,( c\rse ^! qualities are v admirable = lant]n slides1 = )\t !m !y w\ld h b little attraction2 b !y are q di/9ct f1 & v1 v f> remov$ f1 hav+ any connection ) f9e art4 ,sid5ote3 ,/]eoscopic slides4 ,we "k _m arti/s :o photograph & value photography p] se1 b we h yet to meet t "o :o deigns to make lant]n slides except = ! purpose ( mak+ enl>gem5ts f :i* to draw4 ,x has be5 said t ! appe>ance ( /]eoscopic pictures is wond]fully true2 ?is is n ! case4 ,!re is a lu/re1 false tonality1 & app>5t illusion1 :i* to an arti/ makes !m any?+ b true4 ,9 %ort1 until photograph]s d away ) mu* ( ! 8play0 ( _! art1 & look at x s]i\sly1 !y _c hope t highly-tra9$ arti/s w jo9 9 ) !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,lecture purposes4 ,= sci5tific lectures ( c\rse lant]n slides are invaluable1 z we h already said1 & = ?is purpose !y %\ld be unt\*$2 b we _c help smil+ :5 we he> ( produc]s ( slides claim+ = _! "w ! title ( 8arti/ic10 because !y are unt\*$ & true4 ,absolute tru? is n necess>ily art1 z we h (t5 po9t$ out1 & z ,muybridge's photographs prove4 ,let our /ud5t1 !n1 avoid ^! sn>es1 unless he wi%es to cultivate :at ,pr(essor ,h]kom] has aptly call$ 8,h&k]*ief-box art40 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,photo-,,me*anical ,,processes4 ,sid5ote3 ,photo-me*anical process4 ,f our e>lie/ photographic days we always felt t all 8ord9>y0 pr9t+ me?ods1 h[ev] good 9 !mselves1 w\ld f9ally h to give way to photo-me*anical me?ods1 z all processes are call$ by :i* ! negative is reproduc$4 ,all ! photo-me*anical pr9t+ processes may be divid$ into two great classes3-- ,sid5ote3 ,classification4 ,a4 ,processes 9 :i* ! aim is to produce diagrams4 ,b4 ,processes 9 :i* ! aim is to produce pictures4 ,= ! fir/ purpose any ( ! me?ods are useful3 t is1 typographic processes1 :]e ! block is set up ) ! type 9 ! pr9t+-press2 ! collotype process1 :]e ! pr9ts are subsequ5tly m\nt$ on pap]1 or int]leav$ 9 a book2 & ! photo-et*+ process1 :]e ! plates are introduc$ betwe5 ! leaves ( a book4 ,sid5ote3 ,diagrammatic plates4 ,x is obvi\s t :5 ! aim is diagrammatic1 brilliancy1 %>pness1 correct draw+1 & ! tru?ful r5d]+ ( texture are ! requisites1 z 9 ! reproductions ( negatives f nature to illu/rate sci5tific works1 books ( travel1 c4 ,9 su* cases ^! are ! ma9 po9ts to be consid]$2 & :5 to ^! consid]ations is add$ ! "q ( co/ ( production1 x is evid5t ne>ly all ! processes wor? m5tion+ :i* are n[ 9 exi/5ce w s]ve "o or o!r1 or all su* purposes4 ,b :5 ! "q comes to be consid]$ f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 ! matt] is totally diff]5t1 = x is a s9e qu non 9 ?is case t all ! arti/ic quality ( ! orig9al photograph be pres]v$4 ,sid5ote3 ,art blocks4 ,co/ mu/ n be consid]$4 ,f ! art po9t ( view alone1 !n1 we %all briefly discuss ^! processes4 ,sid5ote3 ,plat9otypes4 ,z we said 9 a =m] *apt]1 ( ord9>y pr9t+ pap]s ! plat9otype is alone wor? consid]+ = ?is purpose1 b = book illu/ration a s]i\s objection to its use is its monotony4 ,=1 al?\gh !re are two col\rs1 ! *>coal grey & ! sepia1 ! gamut ( col\r is v limit$2 a s]i\s matt] ?is1 = our exp]i5ce leads u to believe t !re is a p>ticul> col\r & t9t especially suitable to ea* subject4 ,ano!r objection to all ord9>y pr9t+ pap]s is ! want ( relief 9 ! gelat9e film ( an ord9>y negative1 a want :i* gives a c]ta9 flatness 9 ! result+ pr9t1 :5 comp>$ ) a pr9t f a copp]plate :]e ! cavi-relievo is deep]4 ,relief 9 ! block und\bt$ly has a great influ5ce on all results1 & 9 all ! photo-me*anical processes 8dep?0 is an ess5tial1 & ! be/ processes are ^? 9 :i* ! pr9t+-plates h ! deepe/ surfaces4 ,ano!r fact :i* r5d]s plat9otype less valuable ?an photogravure is t !re is always a c]ta9 am\nt ( 8s9k+ 90 ( ! image1 z !re is ) a pa9t+ on canvas2 b a pa9t+ c be br\ght up by v>ni%1 a plat9otype _c4#ac ----- ,footnote #ac3 ,?is 8s9k+-90 is n[ sc>cely appreciable )1 ! new cold-ba? process4 ----- ,let u1 !n1 exam9e ! v>i\s processes1 & see :i* w s]ve our purpose4 ,sid5ote3 ,collotypes1 ,woodbury types1 c4 n durable4 ,= arti/ic reasons we are ( ! op9ion t ,collotypes1 ,woodburytypes1 & all su* me?ods1 are undesirable2 & ?is we say delib]ately1 aft] long /udy ( ! subject1 = 9 sup]vis+ & *oos+ illu/rations = ! books :i* we h illu/rat$ we c>efully exam9$ specim5s ( ne>ly all ! photo-me*anical processes extant4 ,we say ?is1 al?\gh "o writ] on ! subject ( photo-me*anical processes has giv5 out ! op9ion t ! ideal process is "o 9 :i* ! result+ pr9t %\ld be a facsimile ( a 8silv] pr9t20 b ( c\rse su* a rem>k is arti/ically wrong1 & is 9 keep+ ) ! re/ ( ! compilation 9 :i* ! /atem5t appe>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,typographic processes4 ,= ! b5efit ( ! /ud5t1 !n1 we say !re are b two processes to be consid]$ = arti/ic book illu/ration--a typographic block to be pr9t$ ) ! text1 & an intaglio copp]plate4 ,! typographic block has ! :ites l[]$ l a woodblock2 & z x is pr9t$ 9 ! ord9>y way1 ) ! type1 !re is no extra tr\ble or co/ 9 ! pr9t+4 ,) a copp]plate1 on ! o!r h&1 ! plate mu/ be c>efully ink$ & wip$1 & ea* pr9t sep>ately pull$ by h&1 ! diff]5ce 9 "t tak5 by ?is process1 & consequ5tly ! co/1 is !re=e greatly increas$4 ,aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( all ! typographic processes we h no hesitation 9 say+ t !re is n "o satisfactory 9 ! m>ket4 ,:5 ! orig9al picture is n trave/i$ & *eap5$ by me*anical-look+ cr5ellations & /ippl+s1 x is m>r$ by obvi\s h&-"w & by falsity ( tonal translation4 ,any photo-me*anical process1 to be p]fect1 mu/1 z we h all along ma9ta9$1 require no ret\*+ ( any k9d4 ,all ! typographic blocks1 too1 are too %all[2 h5ce 9 ! r\gh work+ & pressure ( ! pr9t+-press all tonal subtleties are lo/ 9 smudges1 z ! block becomes clogg$ ) ink4 ,_m ( ^! blocks s]ve rem>kably well = r\gh diagrammatic purposes1 b = arti/ic purposes !re is n "o we c recomm5d :5 ! object is to reproduce pictures tak5 f nature4 ,= facsimile "w !y s]ve ! purpose4 ,sid5ote3 ,a great desid]atum4 ,a fir/-rate photo-me*anical block to pr9t ) ! text 9 ! ord9>y pr9t+-press1 :i* is entirely ! result ( a *emical process1 is a great desid]atum1 & x is a problem :i* exp]im5t]s 9 ?is direction w d well to /udy4 ,n only is x t !re is no typographic block adequate1 b 9 addition1 :5 ! pres5t process is employ$ = diagrammatic purposes1 or to satisfy ! pictorial /&>ds ( ! untra9$ 9 art1 !y are t]ribly m>r$ by crude ret\*+s & daub+s ) ,*9ese :ite1 until su* trave/ies ( nature appe> t are only to be equall$ by "s ( ! 8f9i%+ arti/s0 ( ! photographic /udio4 ,yet1 bad z ^! block processes are1 !y are inf9itely bett] ?an ! second-rate woodcuts made f photographs4 ,day aft] day1 books appe> illu/rat$ ) woodcuts done f photographs1 9 :i* ! woodcutt] has effectually ru9$ all ! beauty ( ! photograph4 ,if ! /ud5t1 !n1 %\ld ev] be 9 ! position ( hav+ to *oose betwe5 ! facsimile woodcuts ( ,engli% woodcutt]s f9d photo-me*anical block-"w1 let him *oose ! latt] z ! less] evil2 x is bett] ?an any except ! ,am]ican s*ool ( facsimile woodcutt]s4 ,& "h x may be well to note a di%one/ practice :i* is daily becom+ m common ) writ]s ( books ( travel :o buy photographs abroad1 & unscrupul\sly h _! books illu/rat$ ) !m4 ,we "k ( c]ta9 su* illu/rations :i* are adv]tis$ z be+ pr9ts f woodblocks done f sket*es by ! au?or4 ,q rec5tly a book ( travel appe>$ illu/rat$ ) ?ird-rate woodcuts purport+ to be done f sket*es by ! au?or1 :i* 7 really done f photographs pur*as$ 9 ! %ops abroad4 ,we "k ( "o case :]e ?is 0 done 9 ,engl&1 ! photographs pirat$ be+ ,engli% photographs4 ,%\ld su* a ?+ ev] happ5 to ! /ud5t1 he mu/1 z a duty to ! photographic _w1 prosecute )\t compunction1 & exact ! utmo/ p5alty ( ! law4 ,su* di%one/y is "o ( ! mo/ despicable =ms ( ?iev+4 ,sid5ote3 ,photo-et*+4 ,b to return to our subject4 ,z we h said1 we felt f ! fir/ t photo-et*+ 0 ! ultimate goal to be rea*$2 t 0 ! f9al end & me?od ( expression 9 mono*rome photography4 ,we argu$ ! matt] out ) _m pa9t]s1 & !y agre$ ) u1 z did !y agree t ! process ( reproduction mu/ be ! result ( *emical *anges only--t no ret\*+ 0 admissible1 or a hybrid w\ld be ! result1 & a hybrid is dete/able to all arti/s1 al?\gh we h rec5tly se5 writ]s untra9$ 9 art matt]s advocat+ a photo-et*$ plate z a basis = et*+ or mezzot9t+4 ,hav+ decid$1 !n1 on ^! po9ts1 we det]m9$ to try ! photo-et*+ processes ( ! v>i\s firms4 ,on inquir+ f ! be/ ,engli% & ,fr5* firms1 we f\nd t b v few1 9 mo/ cases no l&scapes f nature _h be5 reproduc$ 9 ?is way1 al?\gh a few portraits _h be5 done4 ,we c>efully exam9$ ! specim5s 7ne>ly all specim5s ( facsimile "w7 ( ?irte5 diff]5t firms2 9 fact1 all ! firms practis+ photo-et*+ t we c\ld he> (4 ,f ?is exam9ation x 0 evid5t t h[ev] good _m ( ! processes 7 = facsimile "w1 b few 7 adaptable to our ne$s4 ,hav+ at la/ settl$ on ! f\r app>5tly mo/ suitable processes1 we began our /udies4 ,negatives 7 s5t to ea* ( ^! firms1 ( :om only "o _h ev] attempt$ reproduc+ a l&scape direct f a negative f nature4 ,! pro(s came1 & 7 9 e case mo/ unsatisfactory2 !y _h all be5 b>b>\sly ret\*$1 all ! tonality _h be5 falsifi$1 faces aga9/ ! sky 7 made light] ?an ! sky1 faces 7 r\ghly outl9$ ) an et*+-ne$le1 high lights 7 scrap$ away ne$lessly1 & %ad[s b>b>\sly deep5$ ) ! r\lette4 ,our battles !n began1 & we dem&$ plates free f ret\*+2 ! volum9\s correspond5ce we _h on ! subject w\ld af=d amusem5t4 ,v>i\s firms prote/$--x c\ldn't be done2 x 0 absurd2 0 art ! result ( a *emical process8 & ,heav5 kn[s :at6 ,h[ev]1 we p]si/$ ) inflexibility1 & ?\gh we _h to accept 9 "s cases ! lea/ visibly ret\*$ plates1 we f9ally ga9$ ! day all r\nd1 9 s f> t all ! firms suppli$ u ) plates ) no visible ret\*+4 ,?us 0 in/itut$ a new dep>ture1 negatives f nature 7 reproduc$1 ?r\gh our battl+s1 ) no visible ret\*+2 & al?\gh a few diagrammatic negatives _h be5 reproduc$ "h & !re be=e u1 we 7 ! fir/ to />t ! s]i\s reproduction ( negatives f l&scapes & figure subjects :i* c\ld be reg>d$ z pictures p] se1 & n m]ely z topographical views4 ,sid5ote3 ,typographic ,et*+ ,company's process4 ,b n[ ! coa/ is cle>1 & ! /ud5t c get 8 negatives done )\t visible ret\*+ by ask+ = x4 ,f an exam9ation ( ^! results x 0 soon evid5t t "o firm1 ! ,typographic ,et*+ ,company1 produc$ plates immeasurably sup]ior to ^? ( any o!r firm1 & 9 addition1 !y w\ld gu>antee _! production )\t ret\*+4 ,= reproduc+ negatives tak5 f nature1 !n1 ?is process is p]fect1 & we _c see h[ any photo-engrav+ process w ev] surpass x4 ,sid5ote3 ,messrs4 ,dawson & ,colls4 ,mr4 ,dawson & ,mr4 ,colls are tra9$ arti/s1 & p]haps !re9 lies ! secret ( _! success4 ,x is p]haps invidi\s to select "o firm = special m5tion1 b z ! results ( ,mr4 ,colls & ! ,typographic ,et*+ ,company are 9 e way s sup]ior :5 arti/ically consid]$1 we feel x our duty to record ! fact "h = ! b5efit ( ! /ud5t4 ,q rec5tly !re has be5 mu* discussion on ! vital "q ( 8,photogravures v4 ,engrav+s10 & "s ( ! ,engli% firms h publicly ann\nc$ t x is necess>y to f9i% _! "w by h&1 :ile o!rs privately ma9ta9$ ! same fact4 ,mr4 ,colls1 late ( ! ,typographic ,et*+ ,company1 on ! o!r h&1 ma9ta9s t a plate1 p]fect 9 quality1 c be produc$ )\t ! aid ( a t\* by h&4 ,fur!r on w be f\nd a communication on ! process by ! et*]1 ,mr4 ,colls1 :o !re9 /ates t he c & does produce 8 "w )\t any ret\*+4 ,! ,dawson process r5d]s ! light 9 ! %ad[s bett] ?an any ( ! o!r processes1 ?is be+ effect$ by ! me?od ( work+1 &1 z a :ole1 ! 8quality0 ( ! "w is unapproa*able1 x beats mezzot9t out ( ! field 9 its subtlety & delicacy4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% v4 ,fr5* photogravure4 ,& "h we w\ld caution ! g5tlem5 ( ! press :o h lately writt5 s freely & s mi/ak5ly on ! subject ( photogravure1 t ! be/ photogravures are n produc$ 9 ,france1 b 9 ,engl&4 ,engli%m5 d n seem to "k :5 !y possess a 8good ?+40 ,we v5ture to say1 )\t any diffid5ce1 t = ! reproduction ( negatives f nature1 ,dawson's process is facile pr9ceps1 & to ass]t t = ! reproduction ( pictures1 "s ( ! ,engli% processes are equal to1 if n sup]ior to1 ! cont95tal processes4 ,?is is also ! op9ion ( sev]al arti/s :o h se5 specim5s ( ! "w done 9 bo? c\ntries4 ,! process1 z work$ 9 ,am]ica1 does n give results equal to ^? obta9$ 9 ,engl&4 ,= diagrammatic purposes1 we consid] ne>ly all ( ! ,engli% processes possess qualities ( equal value4 ,ano!r new dep>ture = :i* we _h "s battl+ 0 a m9or po9t1 b an important "o4 ,x 0 on ! "q ( lett]+4 ,x _h be5 ! practice ( _m ( ! firms to engrave 9 pla9 lett]+ b5ea? ! picture1 ! "n ( ! firm1 & ! words 8negative by ----10 & (t5 9 addition ! ^w 8copyright40 ,?is engrav+1 z x 0 usually done1 gave a 8*eap0 look to ! picture4 ,we felt t ! picture 0 injur$ by ?is proc$ure1 s we insi/$ t our "n %\ld be cut 9 ! picture1 9 a quiet mann]1 z an et*] w\ld sign 8 "n1 & t no ord9>y engrav+ %\ld appe> on ! plate4 ,9 case1 !n1 our /ud5t %\ld at any "t h any ( 8 works reproduc$1 we w give him a few h9ts1 = ?\gh ! publi%] does ! bus9ess "p1 ! arti/ always has ! pass+ ( ! plates4 ,sid5ote3 ,h9ts = ^? hav+ plates reproduc$ by photo-et*+4 ,:5 s5d+ 8 plates1 !n1 to be bitt51 he %\ld s5d a well-pr9t$ plat9otype pr9t ) !m1 a pr9t hav+ j ! effect he wi%es = 9 ! copp]-plate4 ,if cl\ds are to be introduc$1 ! cl\d negative %\ld be s5t z well4 ,he w 9 due "t receive a pro(1 :i* he mu/ g c>efully ov]1 mak+ any notes on ! m>g9 z to re-bit+1 c4 ,if x be ret\*$ or utt]ly bad1 x mu/ be reject$4 ,( c\rse1 x is "h evid5t t 8 art k w come 91 = if ignorant ( art1 h[ c he make rem>ks to ! 8bit]s0 :o are (t5 arti/s8 ,he mu/ cont9ue ask+ = pro(s until he receives a satisfactory "o1 = no plate c be =c$ ^u him if he c prove x to be wrong4 ,if he h real gr\nds = objection1 he w f9d ! ,engli% firms mo/ g5]\s1 = !y take a pride 9 _! "w4 ,!y h1 9 "s cases1 made z _m z ?ree plates f a subject = u1 ) no extra *>ge1 & ?is we c\ld nev] get a ,fr5* firm to d4 ,:5 he approves ( ! plate1 he signs ! pro( to t effect4 ,!n comes ! great "q ( 8col\r10 t is ! col\r$ ink to be us$2 = "o ( ! great advantages 9 photo-et*+ lies 9 ! numb] ( col\rs & %ades ( col\rs :i* c be us$4 ,"h1 aga91 8 arti/ic k comes 91 & he w f9d ! effects produc$ by diff]5t col\rs are m>vell\s4 ,hav+1 !n1 sugge/$ 8 col\r & t9t1 he w receive pro(s pr9t$ 9 !m1 & he f9ally decides ^u ! t9t suitable = ea* plate1 & ^! are kept z /&>ds on a file4 ,! matt] ( pr9t+ pap]s1 too1 (f]s great v>iety & scope = arti/ic selection2 b "h ! /ud5t w f9d he has n a free h&1 ! publi%] (t5 limit+ 8 *oice 9 t on f9ancial gr\nds4 ,! /ud5t mu/ see1 h[ev]1 t if ,india pap] be us$1 an unsuitable t9t be n select$4 ,= example1 ,india pap] may be yell[ or :ite1 obvi\sly !n1 if ! plate is to be pr9t$ 9 b>tolozzi r$1 :ite ,india mu/ be us$1 & n ! ord9>y yell[-t9t$ ,india4 ,! /ud5t mu/ be c>eful :5 s5d+ 8 plat9otype pr9t1 to cut x exactly to ! limits he wants ! picture on copp]4 ,copp]-plates c be produc$ 9 ?is way f pr9ts 9 cases :]e ! negative has be5 brok54 ,if ! sky is n an important "p ( ! picture1 x is bett] to h x a flat grey t9t1 or delicately gradat$4 ,! /ud5t1 ( c\rse1 rememb]+ c]ta9 physical tru?s1 z1 = example1 t /ill wat] is1 z a rule1 l[] 9 tone ?an ! sky :i* x reflects1 c4 ,! be/ te/ ( relative value ( sky & wat] is to turn ! picture upside d[n4 ,all ^! subtleties mu/ be c>efully consid]$1 = a sky l[] 9 tone ?an ! /ill wat] reflect+ x1 w\ld1 ) r>e exceptions1 be a fatal arti/ic error1 & en\gh to condemn ! plate4 ,! details :i* ?us g to make or m> a picture are c\ntless4 ,sid5ote3 ,w4 ,l4 ,colls on photo-et*+4 ,?is1 !n1 is our exp]i5ce ( ! photo-me*anical processes1 &1 z we make x a rule nev] to write on any?+ we h n full practical k (1 we h ask$ our fri5d1 ,mr4 ,colls1 to write u "s p>ticul>s ( ^! processes4 ,we h done ?is because !re are c]ta9 mislead+ books 9 ! m>ket on ! subject1 writt5 by m5 )\t su* special k z c only be obta9$ by a man :o has work$ at ! process = ye>s & at no?+ else1 & :o is1 9 addition1 an arti/4 ,mr4 ,colls is bo? a speciali/ & an arti/ 9 ?is "w4 ,9 our op9ion ! future arti/s :o practise photography w also photo-et* _! own plates1 :i* is greatly to be desir$1 b s9ce ^! processes are at pres5t kept v secret1 ?is k _c n[ be acquir$4 ,nev]!less1 we feel t ! day is n f> di/ant :5 e arti/ :o expresses himself by photography w also bite 8 own plates & make 8 own blocks1 & ! pr9ts w be publi%$ by pr9t-deal]s z et*+s are n[4 ,?is1 9 our op9ion1 is ! only me?od :i* c give full arti/ic satisfaction4 ,a f9al important consid]ation is ! numb] ( good pr9ts :i* c be pull$ f ea* plate4 ,dawson's plates1 be+ bitt5 deep]1 w obvi\sly /& m we> & te> ?an ! o!rs1 & w produce a great] numb] ( good impressions4 ,mr4 ,colls ?9ks t at lea/ #cjjj good impressions c be pull$ f ea* plate1 if ! /eel-fac+ w la/4 ,we app5d ,mr4 ,colls' rem>ks3-- ,,me?ods ,,( ,,reproduc+ ,,negatives ,,f ,,nature ,,= ,,! ,,copp]-,,plate ,,press4 ,sid5ote3 ,preamble4 8,9 giv+ a description ( ! v>i\s me?ods t are employ$ = reproduc+ photographs f nature = ! copp]-plate press1 x is obvi\s t only ^? :i* are purely #8automatic' ne$ be m5tion$1 z x is impossible to give a true r5d]+ ( ^? beautiful =ms & delicate gradations ( tone1 :i* we see 9 nature1 by any b automatic means4 ,= s ev]-v>y+ & sudd5 are h] *anges1 t x is by photography alone we are able to secure ^! effects1 & hav+ obta9$ !m1 we require a process :i* w give u our impressions1 & "o :i* w h>monize ) pr9t$ matt] :5 requir$ = book illu/ration4 8,?is we h 9 ! ,intaglio plate1 :i* gives ! mo/ p]fect tonality1 & possesses all ! ri*ness & quality ( a mezzot9t plate1 ) ! same degree ( p]man5cy4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[n & bitt5 plates4 8,= conv5i5ce ( description ! diff]5t me?ods ( produc+ ,intaglio plates may be class$ "u two heads--#8,gr[n' & #8,bitt54' ,i w fir/ m5tion ! #8gr[n1' & w endeav\r to po9t out ! *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t processes1 s t a comp>ison may be made betwe5 !m1 ) ! object ( det]m9+ ! "o be/ suit$ = ! purpose4 ,9 all ! gr[+ me?ods ! basis ( ! process consi/s 9 obta9+ a gelat9\s m\ld ( ! subject2 ! mo/ usual & simple way be+ to develop a c>bon pr9t f a rev]s$ negative on a poli%$ copp]-plate :i* has be5 previ\sly silv]$1 to prev5t ! copp] :i* is aft]w>ds deposit$ ^u x adh]+2 & to produce ! gra9 :i* is necess>y to hold ! pr9t+ ink4 ,! m\ld :5 wet is du/$ ov] ) p[d]$ glass1 s&1 or ! l1 previ\sly treat$ ) wax or /e>9e1 to assi/ its removal4 8,:5 ! m\ld is q dry ! gritty p>ticles are remov$ by g5tle rubb+1 leav+ ! gelat9e 9 a gra9$ /ate4 ,plumbago is !n rubb$ well ov] ! picture to r5d] ! m\ld conductive1 & x is plac$ 9 ! electrotyp+ batt]y & a /\t ca/ tak54 ,!re is "s little unc]ta9ty att5d+ ! entire removal ( ! gritty p>ticles1 & great dang] t 9 mak+ ! m\ld suffici5tly conductive 9 ! heavy portions1 ! f9e "w is de/roy$ by gett+ block$ ) ! plumbago4 ,! =m] objection has be5 ov]come by sub/itut+ p[d]$ res9s1 :i* c be readily dissolv$ away )\t injury to ! m\ld1 & ! latt] by ! introduction ( a tissue conta9+ granul> plumbago1 :i* :ile produc+ ! necess>y gra9 = hold+ ink1 is "o ( ! be/ conductors ( electricity1 s t no aft]-treatm5t is requir$4 8,simil> to ?is is a process by :i* ! gra9 is obta9$ by ! action ( light on a *emical sub/ance1 :i* cry/allizes "u ! action ( light1 ! cry/als becom+ l>g] ! long] !y are act$ on by x4 ,a deposit ( copp] is !n made on ! cry/all9e surface & a plate obta9$4 8,by ^! me?ods v satisfactory results may be obta9$ = c]ta9 classes ( "w :]e ! range ( tone is n great1 !y are m p>ticul>ly suit$ = reproduc+ ! works ( e>ly engrav]s1 old cuts1 et*+s1 p5cil & crayon draw+s1 & simil> "w ^u r\gh or gra9$ surfaces4 ,9 fact1 :5 pr9t$ ^u old pap]1 z is sometimes done 9 p>ticul> cases1 s closely d !y resemble ! orig9als1 t ! mo/ exp]t judge w\ld h great difficulty 9 detect+ ! reproduction f ! orig9al2 b = reproduc+ nature "w1 :]e ! scale ranges f ! highe/ lights to ! deepe/ %ad[s1 ^! me?ods are n suitable )\t mu* h&-"w1 :i* is ru9\s to ! fai?ful r5d]+ ( ! subject1 & ! introduction ( ! r\lette :i* is us$ to give ! necess>y dep? does n improve ! appe>ance1 z ! dep? obta9$ by x is heavy1 & lack+ t transp>5cy :i* is s desirable 9 all classes ( "w f nature4 ,! great drawback to ^! me?ods is t ! gra9 produc$ is ^u ! surface ( ! plate1 /&+ up 9 innum]able little prickles1 & ! only way ( work+ up a plate is ) ! r\lette & scrap] 7! nature ( ! gra9 be+ unsuit$ = re-bit+74 ,^!1 add$ to ! s(t nature ( gr[n copp]1 z comp>$ to roll$ or hamm]$ copp]1 :i* is us$ 9 ! bit+ me?ods1 necessitates ! greate/ c>e 9 pr9t+1 & usually require v /rong & sometimes =c+ inks to give ! necess>y /r5g?1 & al?\gh a plate be /eel-fac$ x w n hold out = a l>ge numb] ( impressions4 8,!re are o!r ways ( produc+ a gra9 ^u a gelat9\s m\ld by re-s5sitiz+ &1 :5 dry1 du/+ ov] ! picture brocade p[d]1 ei!r co>se or f9e1 z ! subject may require2 ! m\ld be+ previ\sly treat$ ) vasel9e1 or a simil> sub/ance1 to all[ ( ! p[d] adh]+1 & expos+ to daylight = a %ort "t4 ,! p[d] is !n remov$1 & x is ready = ! batt]y1 aft] be+ blacklead$4 ,z all ! gr[+ me?ods resemble ea* o!r s closely1 ,i w n m5tion any o!rs1 b w proce$ ) a %ort description ( ! bit+ processes4 ,sid5ote3 ,bit+ process4 8,a poli%$ copp]-plate1 pref]ably a hamm]$ "o1 is ?or\ghly clean$1 to remove all traces ( grease1 & is du/$ ov] ) p[d]$ asphalt or res91 & ! plate heat$ until ! p[d] becomes p>tially melt$4 ,a c>bon pr9t f a rev]s$ transp>5cy is next develop$ ^u ! gra9$ plate & all[$ to dry4 ,! unprotect$ m>g9 is !n pa9t$ r\nd ) asphalt1 or o!r resi/-v>ni%1 & a wall ( bord]+ wax plac$ r\nd ! "w4 ,x is !n ready = bit+1 :i* is done ) p]*loride ( iron1 ! b>e portions be+ fir/ attack$2 wat] is !n add$1 & ! bit+ proce$s to ! next tone1 & s on1 add+ wat] :5 requir$1 until ! solution has p5etrat$ ! ?icke/ portions ( ! film4 ,! greate/ c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ dur+ ?is op]ation1 & a c>eful wat* kept le/ ! action rema9 too long on any "p4 ,! bit+ %\ld proce$ 9 a gradual mann]1 s t ! values are n exagg]at$4 ,! plate is !n r9s$ 9 wat]1 ! bord]+ wax remov$1 & ! pigm5t clean$ (f ) a little pota% ley4 8,! bit+ ( a plate resembles v closely ! developm5t ( a dry-plate positive1 z ! action may be se5 ?r\gh\t ! op]ation z ea* successive tone is rea*$4 ,!re are _m v>iations to ! above me?od1 & ea* work] has 8 p>ticul> way ( produc+ ! gra91 mak+ ! m\ld1 bit+1 c41 b !y are all bas$ on ! "o j describ$4 ,z ! introduction ( ! bit+ me?ods z comm]cially work$ is ( m rec5t date ?an ! gr[n1 less is kn[n ( x1 & ^? :o "w x mo/ successfully keep x secret1 & 7 x kn[n !re is little likelihood ( its be+ satisfactorily work$ by any b ^? exp]i5c$ 9 copp]-plate "w1 z long & c>eful /udy is necess>y to ma/] ^? m9ute details :i* are s important to ensure good results4 ,= s delicate are ! op]ations1 t ! *anges ( wea!r1 temp]ature1 c41 play an important "p1 & mu/ be att5d$ to4 8,"o ( ! great advantages a bitt5 plate has ov] a gr[n is t ! scale is great] ?an by any o!r me?od1 & ! nature ( ! gra9 admirably l5ds itself to re-bit+ %\ld any p>ts require deep5+4 ,t is1 re-ent]+ ! orig9al "w by cov]+ ! gra9$ surface ) a protective coat+1 :i* resi/s ! action ( ! acid et*+-fluid1 & deep5+ ^? p>ts t may require x1 /opp+ out ) resi/-v>ni% any portion :]e deep5+ is n want$4 ,?is at once does away ) ! r\lette1 & ! plate /ill ma9ta9s its orig9al "*4 ,re-bit+ is seldom requir$ on a plate f nature1 = ) c>e a plate c be made :i* ne$s no aft]-"w :atev]1 & :5 bevell$ & /eel-fac$ is ready = ! press1 not)/&+ ! ass]tion t has be5 made to ! contr>y1 :i* recognizes ! process only z a basis = skill$ aft]-"w4 ,x is ne$less to say t 9 all me*anical processes ! v be/ negative is requir$ to "w f1 = al?\gh a great deal may be done 9 ! bit+ to c\nt]act any defects 9 ! negative1 yet1 if ! negative is want+ 9 any p>ticul>1 ! aft]-result is sure to suff]4 ,& "h ,i wi% to say t by ! #8v be/ negative' ,i d n mean ! ord9>y photograph]'s beau-ideal1 b a negative :i* gives a true impression ( ! object photograph$1 & is full ( ! #8quality' & subtlety ( nature4 8,! gra9 obta9$ on a plate :i* is bitt51 diff]s mat]ially f "o t is gr[n1 inasmu* z 9 ! =m] x is bel[ ! surface1 & 9 ! latt] ^u x1 z previ\sly describ$2 consequ5tly its we>+ capabilities are f> great]4 ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r bit+ me?od4 8,ano!r bit+ me?od :i* possesses ! m]it ( +5uity r ?an utility1 is ( conv]t+ an ord9>y bromide ( silv] positive into *loride ( silv]1 by ! action ( p]*loride ( iron & *romic acid4 ,! film :5 damp is br\ght into close contact ) ! face ( a poli%$ copp]-plate4 ,*loride ( silv] n[ re/s ^u ! copp]-plate1 m ( x 9 ! vigor\s or d>k portions1 & less ( x 9 ! light]1 & by a galvano-*emical process ! *loride ( silv] decomposes1 =m+ metallic silv] & soluble *loride ( copp]1 & produc+ dep?s correspond+ to ! am\nt ( *loride ( silv] pres5t4 ,! en]gy ( ! action may be increas$ by moi/5+ ! film ) a weak solution ( *loride ( z9c1 & a batt]y curr5t seems necess>y to produce good results4 ,z c be se51 ! process is a v delicate "o1 admitt+ ( little if any latitude 9 work+1 &1 unlike ! fir/-m5tion$ bit+ process1 w n p]mit ( any "w be+ put on ! positive z is usually done 9 ! fir/ me?od = c]ta9 "w :]e ! d>ks are v h>d & pron\nc$1 & a great sav+ ( aft]-lab\r avoid$4 8,x is advisable to say t ! "w done on ! positive & plate to :i* ,i ref] is done 9 connection ) facsimile "w1 & n ) #8nature "w1' = 9 ! reproduction ( engrav+s ! deep blacks ( ! engrav+s h to be reproduc$1 & s9ce 9 nature !re is no black ( ?is k9d we d n h to acc5tuate p>ts ( ! plates to produce x40 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,m\nt+ ,,& ,,fram+4 ,sid5ote3 ,m\nt+ & fram+4 ,hav+ our pr9t1 ! next "q is h[ %all x be m\nt$ & fram$4 ,!re c1 ( c\rse1 be no laws = ?is1 b we feel ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ a few rem>ks on ?is head4 ,sid5ote3 ,m\ntants4 ,! be/ m\ntant we "k ( is a weak solution ( f9e ,fr5* glue4 ,x acts bett] ?an any o!r m\ntant we h us$1 & we h tri$ sev]al ( ! =mul made ) />*1 arr[root1 & o!r comp\nds4 ,f9e ,fr5* glue holds firmly & !re is no cockl+ aft] m\nt+4 ,aft] m\nt+ ! pr9ts are improv$ by be+ pass$ ?r\gh a press1 b ?is is by no means necess>y4 ,we %all n[ make a few rem>ks ^u fram+4 ,sid5ote3 ,fram+4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is our op9ion t all cut m\nts are in>ti/ic4 ,mr4 ,:i/l]1 n long s9ce1 made "s rem>ks on ?is head1 :i* are well wor?y ( att5tion4 ,8 objections to cut m\nts 7 t ! diff]5t t9ts ( ! picture1 ! gold bord]1 & ! cut m\nt1 weak5$ ! edges ( ! picture & detract$ f its directness & /r5g?1 & ?is is no d\bt true4 ,= ?is reason we d n ?9k plat9otypes look well m\nt$ on ,india pap]1 ! edges are decid$ly weak5$1 & z = m\nt+ silv] pr9ts on ,india ! result is mo/ inh>moni\s4 ,9 our op9ion !n ! pr9t %\ld be m\nt$ ^u :ite pap]1 pref]ably ,:atman's r\gh draw+-pap]1 & = all pictures less ?an :ole plate size1 we %\ld recomm5d a m>g9 f ?ree to f\r in*es4 ,a suitable m\ld+ = ^! w\ld be a bevell$ m\ld+ enamell$ :ite4 ,sid5ote3 ,m\ld+4 ,9 all cases :]e ! m\nt %[s1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! col\r %\ld h>monize ) ! pr9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,m\nts4 ,we saw "s pr9ts ( ,:i/l]'s 8,s>asate0 m\nt$ on pla9 black cab9et m\nts1 & !y look$ *>m+4 ,z 9 t case1 ! picture came out ne>ly all black1 ! :ole made a h>mony 9 black4 ,:5 ! pr9ts are m\nt$ on c>ds z 9 ! case ( c>tes & cab9ets1 !re %\ld be absolutely no?+ on ! face ( ! c>d4 ,! hide\sness ( ! photograph]'s "n 9 %9+ gold5 lett]s is f> too common4 ,no?+ c\ld look bett] = ^! small pictures ?an pla9 black m\nts1 ) no ^w or lett] or col\r$ l9e or any o!r embelli%m5t4 ,if ! photograph] is su* a tradesman at he>t t he mu/ air 8 m$als1 let him put all t "p ( him on ! back ( ! c>d4 ,! me?od ( /amp+ ea* photograph ) ! photograph]'s "n is n less to be deprecat$4 ,= ! indu/rial photograph] "s simple b arti/ic lett]+ %\ld be *os51 & x %\ld be pr9t$ small 9 "o corn] 9 ,indian ink1 :i* h>monizes ) ! grey ( plat9otypes4 ,any good die-cutt] c\ld supply an arti/ic /amp1 & ! *>ge1 ev5 if a little great] ?an usual1 c\ld n be v great4 ,or ! photograph] might cut out 8 "n arti/ically 9 ! gelat9e film1 b we recomm5d ! =m] plan4 ,! m\nts = c>tes & cab9ets %\ld h a m>g9 ( at lea/ half an in* all r\nd1 z ?is adds consid]ably to ! effect4 ,sid5ote3 ,plat9otypes4 ,= plat9otypes rang+ f :ole plate size up to #ae by #ab1 we pref] to frame !m up closely1 %[+ no m\nt4 ,! frame we l be/ = l>ge black & :ite "w is a patt]n we took f a pa9t+ by ,de ,hooghe4 ,^! frames are made ( mahogany1 #b in*es wide1 & bevell$ inw>ds1 & h a r broad slip ( ,engli% gilt betwe5 ! frame & ! picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,frames4 ,! mahogany is /a9$ black & poli%$4 ,pictures ( #ae by #ab & upw>ds1 %\ld also be fram$ close up1 & = ! l>g] sizes we pref] gilt frames & simple m\ld+s ) b little c>v+4 ,cambridge frames are simple1 b d n look di/+ui%$4 ,ea* picture %\ld h a sep>ate frame1 & we tru/ t exhibition committees w "o day see _! way to en=c+ ?is rule1 :i*1 besides ensur+ a bett] effect1 w\ld prev5t mu* bad "w be+ hung4 ,sometimes six pr9ts are hung = ! sake ( "o or two1 because !y are all 9 "o frame4 ,we c\ld sc>cely believe1 _h we n se5 x1 ! fact t "s exhibitors h *ronicl$ on a "p ( _! frame ! m$als tak5 else:]e by ! picture4 ,su* a proce$+1 besides be+ va9 & ill-br$1 is apt to influ5ce cr$ul\s judges4 ,"o w\ld ?9k x q ne$less to say t ?is =m ( adv]tisem5t is n ornam5tal1 nor does x enhance ! virtue1 qualities1 or beauty ( ! picture4 ,all artificial me?ods ( m\nt+ & fram+ are to be avoid$4 ,"o ( ^! is m\nt+ on glass4 ,sid5ote3 ,albums4 ,all albums us$ = m\nt+ pr9ts %\ld h pla9 pages1 t9t$ 9 h>mony ) ! *>coal grey ( ! plat9otype4 ,all ! vulg> decorations ( %ips1 fl[]s1 c41 :i* disfigure ! photographic albums ( to-day %\ld be rigidly exclud$4 ,! bad ta/e ( ! manufactur]s ( ^! ?+s is only ano!r pro( ( ! bluntness ( ! /hetic feel+s ( produc]s & buy]s alike4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,copyright4 ,sid5ote3 ,copyright4 ,! hazy notions exi/+ among _m photograph]s z to h[ to secure ! copyright ( _! photographs1 & o!r details1 has l$ u to make a few rem>ks on ! subject4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! /ud5t is caution$ to secure ! copyright ( e photograph wor? keep+1 = we presume he w only keep pictures4 ,?is %\ld be done at once2 x is our practice to s5d ! fir/ r\gh pr9t at once to ! copyright (fice4 ,sid5ote3 ,me?od ( copyright4 ,! photograph] mu/ write to ! ,regi/r>1 ,/ation]s' ,hall1 ,doctors' ,commons1 ,e4,c41 = =ms = copyright+ photographs4 ,^! co/ "o p5ny ea*1 & a money ord] mu/ be enclos$ = ! am\nt1 /amps n be+ accept$4 ,he w !n receive ! =m z giv5 on ! next page4 ,sid5ote3 ,on agreem5ts4 ,! /ud5t mu/ c>efully note ! footnote on ! s*$ule1 & be mo/ p>ticul> 9 all cases :5 he sells 8 copyright 9 any plates to h a writt5 agreem5t drawn up & sign$ be=e he fills 9 ! copyright s*$ules4 ,aft] ?is proce$+ he c fill up ! s*$ule z direct$1 & x is1 ( c\rse1 only on ^! occasions t he w be requir$ to fill 9 columns two & ?ree ( ! s*$ule4 ,! /ud5t %\ld c>efully /udy ! matt] ( copyright+1 = he w f9d bo? publi%]s & photograph]s are1 z a rule1 ill-in=m$ on ^? p>ts ( ! copyright law to :i* we n[ ref]4 7,,copy ,,(7 ,memor&um = ,regi/ration "u ,copyright 7,works ( ,art7 ,act4 ,,to ,,! ,,regi/]+ ,,(fic] ,,appo9t$ ,,by ,,! ,,/ation]s' ,,company4 ,i1 ,john ,silv]1 ( #j1 ,reg5t's ,/reet1 ,london1 d h]eby c]tify1 ,t ,i am entitl$ to ! ,copyright 9 ! und]m5tion$ ,"w2 & ,i h]eby require a ,memor&um ( su* ,copyright or1 ! ,assignm5t ( su* ,copyright to be ent]$ 9 ! ,regi/] ( ,proprietors ( ,copyright 9 ,pa9t+s1 ,draw+s1 & ,photographs1 kept at ,/ation]s' ,hall1 accord+ to ! p>ticul>s und]writt54 7,e p>ticul> giv5 mu/ be cle>ly writt547 ,description ( ,date ( ,names ( ,"n & ,place,"n & ,place ,"w4 ,agreem5t or ,p>ties to ( ,abode ( ( ,abode ( ,assignm5t4 ,agreem5t or,proprietor ( ,au?or ( ,assignm5t4 ,copyright4 ,"w4 ,photograph ,john ,silv]1,john ,silv]1 entitl$ #j1 ,reg5t #j1 ,reg5t 8,spr+40 ,/reet1 ,/reet1 ,london4 ,london4 ,dat$ ?is #bh? day ( ,june1 #ahhh4 7,sign$7 ,john ,silv]4 ,n4,b4--,(fice ,h\rs f ,t5 to ,f\r2 ,saturdays1 ,t5 to ,two4 ,n4,b4--,9 all cases :]e a ,pa9t+1 ,draw+1 or ,negative ( a ,photograph is transf]r$ = ! fir/ "t by ! own] to any o!r p]son1 ! ,copyright w cease to exi/1 unless at or be=e ! "t ( su* transf] an ,agreem5t 9 writ+ be sign$ by ! transf]ee res]v+ ! ,copyright to ! own]1 or by ! own] transf]r+ ! ,copyright to ! transf]ee1 z may be ! int5tion ( ! p>ties2 & ! date ( su* ,agreem5t & names ( p>ties mu/ be ins]t$ above1 or regi/ration w be no protection4 ,he fills 9 !n all b columns #b & #c1 z 9 ! dummy1 & returns ! =m ) a %ill+1 a copy ( ! photograph to be regi/]$1 & "o p5ny = po/age1 :5 he w receive a receipt4 ,ea* photograph mu/ be sep>ately copyright$4 ,?is #as4 #a;d4 protects ! photograph = #db ye>s1 or = ! au?or's lifetime & sev5 ye>s aft] dea?4 ,! au?or 7be+ a ,briti% subject1 or resid5t )9 ! dom9ions ( ! ,cr[n7 is entitl$ to ! copyright ( e photograph made 9 ! ,briti% dom9ions or else:]e4 ,we %all extract a few p]t95t rem>ks f an excell5t article on copyright1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! 8,ye>'s ,art ( #ahhg30-- ,! 8au?or0 ( a photograph seems to be ! p]son :o actually gr\ps ! sitt]s1 & 8is ! effective cause ( ! picture40 ,an agreem5t is made ) op]ators to obviate ?is read+ ( ! law4 8,a photograph tak5 f an engrav+ is #8an orig9al photograph' )9 ! section40 ,?us a photograph] _c copy ! photograph ( an engrav+ 9 :i* !re exi/s copyright4 ,sid5ote3 ,! nature ( ! "r4 ,! copyright giv5 by ! act is 8! sole & exclusive "r ( copy+1 engrav+1 reproduc+1 & multiply+ ! photograph & ! negative !re(1 by any means or ( any size4 ,! fact t !re is copyright 9 a repres5tation ( a sc5e or object does n prev5t o!r p mak+ an indep5d5t repres5tation ( su* sc5e or object1 b a photograph ( gr\ps s arrang$ z to exactly resemble a picture w\ld be an infr+em5t ( ! copyright ( ! picture1 = if 9 ! result t :i* is copi$ be an imitation ( ! picture1 !n x is immat]ial :e!r x be arriv$ at directly or by int]m$iate /eps40 ,photograph]s %\ld pay great he$ to ?is clause4 ,= if a photograph or photogravure be s arrang$ or gr\p$ z to resemble ano!r already copyright$1 ! law has be5 infr+$4 ,?is is a mo/ :olesome fact1 = ! v]ie/ fool c g & arrange a picture aft] an arti/ has once %[n him h[ to d x1 = z 9 all art ! orig9ality is to select a beautiful sc5e 9 nature1 !re lies ! difficulty4 ,sid5ote3 ,regi/ration4 ,! photograph is n protect$ until x has be5 regi/]$1 & if ! picture is pirat$ be=e regi/ration !re is no rem$y except 9 special cases4 ,photograph]s %\ld !n regi/] ! fir/ pr9t !y take f _! negatives4 ,mak+ lant]n-slides f copyright$ photographs or photo-et*+s is ( c\rse an infr+em5t ( ! law1 & %\ld be sev]ely dealt )4 ,sid5ote3 ,replicas4 8,if a picture or photograph is pa9t$ or tak5 on commission z ! copyright 7unless res]v$7 is 9 ! h&s ( ! pur*as]1 ! pa9t] or photograph] may n pa9t or produce a replica40 ,sid5ote3 ,rem$ies = infr+em5t4 ,p5alties4 8,= ea* (f5ce ! (f5d] =feits to ! proprietor ( ! copyright1 = ! "t be+1 a sum n exce$+ #ajl4 ,:5 sev]al copies are sold toge!r1 ! sale ( ea* copy con/itutes a sep>ate (f5ce40 ,x w be se5 t a photograph] c\ld be ru9$ if a sale ( say #ajjj copies c\ld be prov$1 & s]ve him "r too4 ,sid5ote3 ,=feiture4 ,all pirat$ repetitions1 copies & imitations1 & all negatives ( photographs made = ! purpose ( obta9+ su* copies1 are to be =feit$ to ! proprietor ( ! copyright4 ,sid5ote3 ,damages4 8,! proprietor may also br+ an action = damages aga9/ p]sons mak+ or import+ = sale unlawful copies1 al?\gh ! importation is )\t guilty k40 ,sid5ote3 ,spuri\s pictures4 ,issu+ spuri\s pictures4--,if a photograph be falsely sign$1 x is an infr+em5t1 z x is to make any alt]ation 9 ! "w & !n publi% x z orig9al4 ,x is commonly believ$ t1 unless ! ^w copyright be on ! photograph1 x is n secur$4 ,?is is an error--z long z ! photograph is copyright$ t is all t is requir$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pecuni>y p5alties4 8,pecuni>y p5alties c be recov]$ by br++ an action aga9/ ! (f5d+ p>ty1 or by summ>y proce$+s be=e any two ju/ices hav+ jurisdiction :]e ! (f5d] resides40 ,sid5ote3 ,f9al advice4 ,9 end+ ?is subject1 we w\ld impress ^u ! photograph] t x is 8 solemn duty to exact ! utmo/ rig\r ( ! law1 %\ld he ev] h 8 "w pirat$4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,exhibitions4 ,sid5ote3 ,exhibitions4 ,exhibit+ a "w ( art is publi%+ x1 & ! /ud5t w1 :5 he obta9s suitable works1 v naturally beg9 to ?9k ab\t exhibit+ !m4 ,! subject ( photographic exhibitions is "o ^u :i* we h writt5 _m times 9 ! photographic press4 ,photographic exhibitions are 9 a mo/ unsatisfactory condition all ov] ! _w4 ,at pres5t1 a society1 or a corporation1 or a private firm1 = ends ( _! own1 adv]tise an exhibition1 (t5 on purely f9ancial gr\nds2 !y hope x w pay !m1 sometimes x does pay & sometimes x does n4 ,! me?od ( organiz+ ^! exhibitions is to get a li/ ( patrons1 g5]ally a few ( ! 8classes10 a few photograph]s :o are kn[n1 b ^: fame m (t5 ?an n is bas$ on no?+ solid1 & is ephem]al1 & f9ally p]haps ! names ( a few arti/s may be us$ to conjure )4 ,numb]s ( m$als are adv]tis$ & all works h to be s5t c>riage paid4 ,! judges are !n *os51 & 9 ne>ly all cases !y are utt]ly incompet5t4 ,no "o c judge a "w ( art unless he be an arti/4 ,! comb9$ assurance & ignorance ( ^? :o accept :at %\ld be consid]$ a s]i\s (fice1 is laughable & lam5table4 ,is our exhibit+ /ud5t !n go+ to submit 8 "w to m5 untra9$ 9 art8 ,if he does1 he w f9d x ei!r unhung1 ski$1 or pass$ ov] 9 ! aw>ds1 to make room = ! pretty no?+s & false r5d]+s ( ! craftsm5's ideal4 ,! :ole judg+ bus9ess is su* a blatant f>ce t ! me?od ( aw>ds at photographic exhibitions is a /ock joke among arti/s4 ,we h repeat$ly be5 to exhibitions ) arti/s1 & on ne>ly e occasion _! op9ion 0 t _m ( ! mo/ wor?y pictures 7 pass$ ov]4 ,su* a /ate ( ?+s is appall+1 & :5 ) t is c\pl$ ! notori\s unfairness ) :i* c]ta9 exhibitions are direct$1 z rec5t disclosures h prov$1 x is inde$ lam5table4 ,! t5d5cy ( all exhibitions z at pres5t conduct$ is to degrade photography z an art2 t is our delib]ate op9ion1 aft] hav+ = sev]al ye>s wat*$ ! sy/em ( mak+ aw>ds & hav+ s]v$ on sev]al juries ( aw>ds4 ,a fatal error v common among photograph]s is to suppose t1 because a man is an em95t sci5ti/ or a great au?ority on l5ses1 he is !re=e a fit & prop] p]son to judge pictures4 ,! tru? is he is "o ( ! mo/ unfit1 = he is prejudic$1 & 8 sci5tific k has a bad influ5ce on 8 judgm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,abolition ( m$als4 ,9 our op9ion all m$als %\ld be done away )1 all di/9ctions betwe5 8amateur0 & 8pr(essional0 remov$2 all pictures %\ld be hung on ! l9e1 ! hang+ committee %\ld be select$ f ^? photograph]s :o h prov$ !mselves by _! works to "k mo/ ab\t art2 & all pictures %\ld be exhibit$ 9 sep>ate frames4 ,if m$als mu/ be aw>d$ 9 ord] to attract exhibitors1 let ! aw>ds be made by arti/s ( recogniz$ position only4 ,y h only to look at ! m$als aw>d$1 to "k :at to expect2 !re is1 ) "o or two exceptions1 n ! feeble/ sugge/ion ( art 9 !m1 !y belong to ! class ( m$als aw>d$ to pat5t ice-cream ma*9es1 be/ ref9$ arr[-root & dog-biscuits4 ,sid5ote3 ,m$als z works ( art4 ,if m$als are aw>d$1 ea* "o %\ld be a "w ( art1 ! orig9al hav+ be5 modell$ by a good sculptor4 ,! /ud5t1 z a rule !n1 %\ld pay no reg>d :atev] to ! aw>ds made at exhibitions by photograph]s1 ! only real te/ ( value is :5 ! aw>ds are made by tra9$ arti/s1 b x is r>ely t ev5 "o arti/ s]ves on a jury ( aw>ds4 ,if our /ud5t mu/ exhibit1 we advise him to m>k 8 "w 8,n = ,competition40 ,sid5ote3 ,gambl+ = m$als4 ,gambl+ = m$als has lately assum$ al>m+ proportions1 z ! rec5t comm5ts 9 ! ,photographic ,news prove4 ,x is en\gh to disgu/ all arti/s1 :o w ( c\rse keep alo( f photographic circles1 z !y already d1 z long z ?+s cont9ue z !y are4 ,sid5ote3 ,que] judges4 ,c ! folly ( human nature g fur!r ?an :5 we he> ( ,mr4 ,guncotton1 not$ = 8 /udies 9 collodion1 or ,mr4 ,*romatic1 not$ = 8 pat5t l5s1 or ,mr4 ,gelat9e not$ = 8 emulsion process1 assembl+ 9 solemn conclave to aw>d m$als = pictures1 to judge :i*1 ne$s ye>s ( c>eful & special /udy & wide arti/ic exp]i5ce4 ,! /ud5t1 curi\s on ^! matt]s1 has only to note h[ diff]5t are ! aw>ds :5 arti/s give ! prizes4 ,_m ( our be/ work]s1 we "k1 w n exhibit1 s long z ! craftsman's ideal is set up z ! /&>d1 & ! judges are n arti/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly days ( ! ,photographic ,society4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( photography1 :5 ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake1 =m]ly presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy1 0 also presid5t ( ! ,royal ,photographic ,society1 & :5 ,sir ,w4 ,j4 ,newton1 ! em95t m9iature pa9t] 0 "o ( ! vice-presid5ts1 !re seem$ "s *ance = photography1 & all might h gone well1 _h n ^! arti/s1 z we are in=m$1 be5 h>ri$ & worri$ by ! ignorant wrangl+s ( _! bro!r 8photographic arti/0 787 judges4 ,^? :o 7 ?us responsible = ! resignation ( ^? arti/s1 des]ve to be pillori$ to ! end ( "t 9 photographic lit]ature1 & su*1 we are sure1 is ! feel+ ( all :o e>ne/ly wi% = ! good & advancem5t ( photography4 ,sid5ote3 ,j4 ,con/able4 ,?is is a pa9ful subject1 b we conceive x to be our solemn duty to w>n ! /ud5t :o is anxi\s to foll[ photography z an art1 aga9/ all ^! traps4 ,let him set out ) ! det]m9ation to "w = ! approval ( arti/s1 & let him despise ! approval or disapproval ( all ignorant ( art4 ,z ,john ,con/able said long ago1 8! self-taught arti/ has a v ignorant ma/]60 ,sid5ote3 ,re=ms 9 exhibitions4 ,we hope ! re=ms reg>d+ exhibitions :i* we h = ye>s advocat$1 & m fully set =? 9 a photographic j\rnal1 9 an article entitl$ 8,an ,ideal ,exhibition10 may "s day be adopt$1 b we _c be v sangu9e4 ,h[ev]1 until "s su* re=ms are adopt$1 photography mu/ /ruggle on 9 d>kness1 & ! bl9d w cont9ue to lead ! bl9d2 & all we c d is to caution o!rs1 & ourselves avoid ! guidance ( ! bl9d1 unless we too wi% to be l$ into ! dit*4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,conclusion4 ,sid5ote3 ,advice4 ,we h !n f9i%$ ,book ,,ii41 & we presume t ! /ud5t has n[ ma/]$ 8 te*nique & practice1 b ! end is n yet4 ,! /ud5t may ?or\ghly und]/& ! sci5tific side ( photography1 he may h ma/]$ completely ! use ( 8 tools & he may be able to produce impressions on 8 plates su* z he desires1 b ! end is n yet1 = n[ he has to le>n ! practice & pr9ciples ( art1 he has to prove :e!r he c be an arti/1 = su* is only giv5 to a few4 ,all c le>n to draw1 to pa9t1 to photograph1 to et*1 b !y may rema9 draughtsm51 pa9t]s1 photograph]s1 et*]s all _! lives1 & nev] become arti/s4 ,! hi/ory ( art %[s inde$ h[ few become arti/s at all1 & z = ^? :o become great arti/s1 !y are z sc>ce z great poets4 ,! /ud5t !n mu/ /udy art 9 "s =m or o!r1 z well z 8 own te*nique & practice1 :i* he c\ld le>n alone if he foll[$ our in/ructions4 ,art1 h[ev]1 _c s be le>n$1 & ! /ud5t %\ld1 if possible1 att5d "s art classes4 ,!re are num]\s art s*ools ?r\gh\t ! k+dom1 & our /ud5t _c d bett] ?an ent] "o ( !m & g ?r\gh a c\rse ( draw+4 ,?\gh no v pr(\nd k is to be obta9$ at su* s*ools1 :at is taught is bett] ?an no?+ at all1 & aft] all ! /ud5t _c expect to get ! be/ advice on ! matt]1 t is giv5 to b ! v few & =tunate4 ,9 ! next book we %all give :at advice we c1 b at ! same "t our /ud5t mu/ /udy practically "s bran* ( art2 unless1 inde$1 he wi%es to become "o ( ! mighty b& ( art-ignorant craftsm51 or unless he is s =tunate z to be ca/ among/ highly tal5t$ arti/s1 to :om he c easily apply = advice4 ,= hav+ le>n$ 8 te*nique & practice he has b le>n$ h[ to speak1 he c only %[ 8 calibre by :at he has to say & h[ he says x1 j z all ! _w c write yet only ! highly tra9$ c write arti/ically4 ,9 a v few mon?s ! /ud5t w see1 if he is fitt$ by nature to become an arti/1 & if he is n our advice is give x up1 or take up "o ( ! sci5tific special bran*es1 & if he is incapable ( do+ good "w !re1 he mu/ cont5t himself to play at photography1 z too _m photograph]s d n[1 b 9 our op9ion ! art is n wor? play+ at1 !re are s _m m satisfy+ games :5 play is ! end & aim4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,pictorial ,,art4 8,he does n suffici5tly und]/& t ?+s are ( value only accord+ to _! fundam5tal qualities1 & he /ill believes t ! c>e ) :i* a ?+ is done1 ev5 if x is aimless1 ought to be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,9 fact x w\ld be a good ?+ to make him und]/& t ?+s exi/ only to ! ext5t ( ! /uff !y conta940 ,j4 ,,fran,,ois-,,millet4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,educat$ ,,sight4 ,sid5ote3 ,born bl9d4 ,we are all born m5tally bl9d1 b almo/ imm$iately we detect light1 z c "s ( ! l[e/ animals1 !n we le>n to di/+ui% ! col\rs & =ms ( objects z we gr[ old]1 & !re ! majority ( u /op1 & yet we all ?9k we c see equally well4 ,t we _c is a truism1 = aft] be+ able to di/+ui% col\rs & =ms1 b v few p]sons g on to educate _! sight m p]fectly4 ,sid5ote3 ,trades4 ,"s ( u may le>n to di/+ui% c]ta9 k9ds ( mat]ial1 ! diff]5t aspects ( ^! mat]ials "u diff]5t conditions1 & s !y le>n trades & are excell5t judges ( tea1 c(fee1 hosi]y & pap]4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce4 ,/ill high] come ! sci5tific m5 :o pay m att5tion to ! education ( ! sight4 ,!y le>n to di/+ui% ! microscopic be+s1 ! life-hi/ories ( ! l[] =ms ( animal life1 ! hi/ology ( fl[]s1 ! /ructure ( ! trees1 ! aspects ( ! skies1 ! physical & *emical ph5om5a ( ! elem5ts1 ! movem5ts ( ! planets1 s t 9 all _! walks nature is full ( int]e/ to !m2 !y f9d wisdom 9 a pond1 !y revel 9 a m>%1 or !y travel to a f> c\ntry = ! sake ( r>e birds' eggs1 or sp5d days & nights 9 _! laboratories to solve new *emical problems1 or organize exp$itions to /udy unusual ph5om5a ( ! heav5ly bodies2 !y see & love all ^! ?+s4 ,! man un$ucat$ 9 sci5ce f9ds no int]e/ 9 a drop ( muddy wat]1 he f9ds no?+ wond]ful 9 ! vegetation ( ! c\ntry side1 he passes unhe$$ ! r>e/ birds1 & ! ra9b[1 & /orm cl\d1 & ! blaz+ comet1 all alike to him h no int]e/1 he is bl9d to !m2 or if he sees !m at all1 x is z ?r\gh a glass1 d>kly4 ,sid5ote3 ,art4 ,all ?is ! _w all[s1 & all[s t no "o save ^? :o by h>d "w h tra9$ !mselves c see ^! ?+s4 ,b m>k ! /upidity ( mank9d1 he all[s he is bl9d to ! pleasures ( sci5ce & w rema9 s1 unless he /udies ! subject1 b :5 x comes to art matt]s1 l a wea!rcock1 he %ifts r\nd & ?9ks he c und]/& all t )\t any tra9+ at all1 yet he is born z bl9d & incapable ( und]/&+ art z he is ( und]/&+ sci5ce until he has tra9$ himself to und]/&4 ,sid5ote3 ,! arti/4 ,! arti/1 l ! sci5tific man1 beg9s by /udy+ closely 8 subject--nature z a :ole--he /udies h] 9 all h] aspects1 he seeks = h>monies & arrangem5ts 9 col\r & =m1 = beautiful l9es ( composition1 & only aft] long & close obs]vation d ! scales drop f 8 eyes & he sees a beautiful pose1 ev5 9 a *ild digg+ up potatoes1 or a man ?r[+ a hamm] or runn+ a race1 or he sees subtle beauties ( col\r 9 a re$-b$1 or poetry & pa?os 9 an old peasant /oop+ "u a load ( /icks1 & ?is is f> m difficult to see ?an x is to le>n to see ! sci5tific tru?s1 & t is :y !re are s few real arti/s & poets & s _m m sci5tific m54 ,art1 alas1 _c be le>n$ l sci5ce1 h>d "w w n necess>ily make an arti/4 ,sid5ote3 ,photograph]s art-bl9d4 ,mo/ photograph]s are art-bl9d1 b !y are l ! col\r-bl9d old lady :o did n "k x1 & ( c\rse ! only hope = !m is to be conv9c$ ( _! bl9dness1 !n p]haps !y may d some?+ t[>ds gett+ rid ( ! defect4 ,sid5ote3 ,necess>y to cultivate arti/ic faculty4 ,! /ud5t %\ld n[ cle>ly und]/& :y x is s necess>y t ?is faculty ( arti/ic sight %\ld be cultivat$ & tra9$1 = s9ce x is our fundam5tal pr9ciple t all sugge/ions = pictures %\ld come f nature1 we mu/ fir/ see ! picture 9 nature & be /ruck by its beauty s t we _c re/ until we h secur$ x on our plate2 we mu/ !re=e le>n to see x 9 nature4 ,if we see a beautiful pose1 or a beautiful effect 9 nature1 we %\ld at lea/ make a note ( x if we _c secure x4 ,a slight sket* made at ! "t w d4 ,!re=e1 amateur read]1 if y h n tra9$ y\rself by /udy to see ^! ?+s 9 nature1 blame no "o b y\rself1 b rememb] y are bl9d1 bl9d1 bl9d2 b !re is a rem$y1 & no surgical op]ation is requir$ ei!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,necessity ( /udy4 ,/udy6 ,y mu/ ev] be on ! look-out = beauties1 t is ! necess>y m5tal attitude1 o!rwise !y w nev] be se54 ,y mu/ look = a ?+ if y wi% to f9d x1 & x is only by %[+ u y\r f9ds t y w prove y h arti/ic insight1 we %all n believe a ^w y say ab\t art until we see x 9 y\r "w4 ,if y d n /udy1 or if y are incapable1 y w rema9 bl9d 9 spite ( y\r look+1 & !re w be weep+ & gna%+ ( tee? :5 y %[ to ! _w commonplaces :i* y ?9k are gems1 = ! _w w soon tell y !y are commonplace4 ,we once knew a p]son :o 0 col\r-bl9d1 :o res5t$ ! sugge/ion z a p]sonal insult1 until "o ev5+ h] eyesight 0 te/$1 :5 h] col\r-bl9dness 0 prov$4 ,let ! /ud5t !n be assur$ t he is bl9d1 he _c see art & nature until he has /udi$ !m long & closely4 ,he may be arrogant en\gh to ?9k he kn[s all ab\t h] )\t /udy4 ,if t is s1 z he gr[s old] let him ref] back to 8 e>li] works1 & if he has progress$ mean:ile1 let him recall h[ p]fect he ?\ght ^? e>ly works at ! "t he did !m1 & !n let him la% himself = 8 folly4 ,a really good "w w always be> look+ back at1 & w hold its own h[ev] old ! arti/ gets4 ,sid5ote3 ,no royal road4 ,!re is no royal road to ?is appreciation ( ! beauties ( art & nature1 none b incessant & lov+ /udy1 & ?\gh ! cockney1 or sage ( ! univ]sity1 :o dwells 9 t[ns & le>ns 8 art & 8 nature 9 ! ,national ,gall]y & ,briti% ,museum1 may lecture on nature & art1 let ! /ud5t avoid him & 8 example4 ,lectures on art at any "t are b ,dead ,sea fruit4 ,! /ud5t !n mu/ educate 8 eyesight 9 ord] to see ! beauties ( nature & art1 & to d ?is he mu/ /udy h>d1 = ! true arti/ wi%es to see ^! beauties & to record !m1 t is all1 no?+ m4 ,! se]s :o see deeply1 !y are ! poets6 ,9 sci5ce ! orig9al discov]]s are ! se]s1 & s9ce b few c aspire to become se]s1 nev]!less let ! re/ be cont5t to g on /udy+1 = all ( u c see ^! ?+s ) an educat$ & intellig5t eye1 & see+1 und]/&1 & t rew>d is wor? ! pa9s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,composition4 ,sid5ote3 ,composition4 ,no *apt] ( ?is book has giv5 u s mu* ?\ght z ?is *apt] on composition4 ,sid5ote3 ,laws ( composition4 ,we c\ld easily1 z mo/ writ]s h done1 h giv5 a dige/ ( ,mr4 ,burnet's laws ( composition1 b we h no fai? 9 any 8laws ( composition40 ,a law1 to be logical1 mu/ hold good 9 all cases2 n[ ! s-call$ 8laws ( composition10 are (t5 brok5 delib]ately by great arti/s1 & yet ! result is p]fect4 ,?is is easily expla9$1 = ^! s-call$ laws are m]e arbitr>y rules1 d$uc$ by "o man f ! works ( _m arti/s & writ]s2 & !y are no m laws 9 ! true s5se ?an are ! laws ( ,phr5ology or ,a/rology4 ,sid5ote3 ,our problem4 ,! great "q !n1 :i* pres5t$ itself to u1 0 ?is3 ,w ! /udy ( ^! s-call$ rules d good or h>m to ! /ud5t8 ,w a k ( !m lead him to ! production ( conv5tional "w1 or w x 9 any way help him 9 8 future "w8 ,we _h _m e>ne/ discussions on ?is po9t ) arti/s1 & !y seem$ equally unc]ta9 9 ! matt]1 ?\gh "o condemn$ all su* laws z absurd & unnecess>y4 ,sid5ote3 8,treatise on ,pa9t+40 ,we mo/ c]ta9ly feel incl9$ to agree ) t "o diss5ti5t1 b 9 try+ to place ourselves 9 ! position ( ! photographic /ud5t1 ) absolutely no k ( art1 we h come to ! conclusion t1 p]haps1 ! /ud5t _h bett] /udy ,mr4 ,burnet's 8,treatise on ,pa9t+40 ,a *eap edition ( ?is book is publi%$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,wilson1 ( #hce1 ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 & e /ud5t %\ld get a copy ( x4 ,x c be ?or\ghly ma/]$ 9 a week or two1 s t n mu* "t w be lo/4 ,! num]\s plates w at any rate be ( "s use to ! /ud5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,our ideas on composition4 ,n[1 f ^! rem>ks1 x mu/ n be assum$ t we are no believ] 9 8composition40 ,composition is really selection1 & is "o ( ! mo/--if n ! mo/--vital matt]s 9 all art1 c]ta9ly ! mo/ vital 9 ! art ( photography4 ,b ! writ] ma9ta9s !re are no laws = selection4 ,ea* picture requires a special composition1 & e arti/ treats ea* picture orig9ally2 8 me?od ( treatm5t1 h[ev]1 (t5 becomes a 8law0 = less] lights4 ,x has be5 assum$ by oppon5ts to 8,naturalism0 t naturali/ic arti/s ignore composition1 & portray nature 8anyh[10 j z %e happ5s to pres5t h]self to !m4 ,no?+ c\ld be fur!r f ! tru?4 ,none is m c>eful 9 selection & arrangem5t ?an ! naturali/ic pa9t]1 at ! same "t none is less conv5tional4 ,nature is n always suitable = pictorial purposes1 ?\gh %e is (t5 en\gh suitable1 & x is :5 %e is propiti\s t ! arti/ depicts h]2 h5ce ! great pr9ciple ( naturalism1 t all sugge/ions %\ld come f nature4 ,! object ( art tra9+ is to %[ ^! propiti\s moods1 & to enable ! pa9t] to portray !m4 ,we pref]1 !n1 ! ^w 8selection0 to composition4 ,! matt] really /&s ?us1 a good naturali/ic arti/ selects a composition 9 nature :i* he sees to be v f9e4 ,by composition1 z us$ 9 ?is p>agraph1 is meant ! h>moni\s & fitt+ comb9ation ( ! v>i\s compon5t p>ts ( ! picture :i* %all be/ express ! picture4 ,our be/ me?od w be to foll[ ,mr4 ,burnet's division ( 8 subject1 & (f] a runn+ comm5t>y on ! ess5tials ( 8 "w f a photograph]'s /&po9t1 giv+ our ideas on ! subject :5 !y diff] f ^? ( ! au?or ( 8,a ,treatise on ,pa9t+40 8,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,pa9t+10 by ,j4 ,,burnet1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,education ( ! ,eye4--,measurem5t & ,=m4 ,sid5ote3 ,burnet's 8,pa9t+40 ,omitt+ to comm5t on ,mr4 ,burnet's rem>ks1 we put ! matt] ?us1 t x is highly desirable = all photograph]s to le>n draw+1 & to le>n x intellig5tly4 ,no?+ c\ld be m lam5table ?an ! way 9 :i* draw+ is taught 9 our s*ools1 x is worse ?an useless4 ,! /ud5t %\ld g to "s good art s*ool = a few mon?s1 & le>n draw+1 = 9 t way are le>n$ ! analysis & con/ruction ( objects1 &1 above all1 ! eye is tra9$ to c>eful obs]vation1 :i* w be invaluable 9 ! /udy ( tone & selection4 ,p]spective4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]spective4 ,?is section ! /ud5t %\ld read ov] c>efully1 und]/&+ ?or\ghly ! 8po9t ( sight0 & ! causes ( viol5t p]spective4 ,= 9 photography1 ?\gh 8 l5s may be true 9 draw+1 he c z easily obta9 viol5t p]spective z ! draughtsman1 by plac+ ! l5s too close to 8 model4 ,=e-%ort5+1 too1 %\ld be ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,arial p]spective has be5 simply treat$ by u 9 ?is "w1 & ! v>i\s rem>ks ( ,burnet on ?is subject mu/ be tak5 cum grano salis4 ,*i>o-oscuro4 ,sid5ote3 ,*i>o-oscuro4 ,?is t]m means light & %ade4 ,n[ ! t]m 8*i>o-oscuro0 is v mislead+1 = x is us$ by diff]5t arti/s to mean diff]5t ?+s4 ,! :ole ( photography dep5ds on ! prop] managem5t ( light & %ade1 = our draw+ is done = u2 b we pref] to use ! m mod]n t]m1 8tone10 to express :at we mean by light & %ade2 t t]m we h already fully expla9$4 ,*i>o-oscuro1 z we und]/& x1 is ! arbitr>y plac+ ( masses ( light aga9/ masses ( %ade to produce c]ta9 desir$ effects2 x is1 !re=e1 conv5tional1 & ak9 to ! law :i* requir$ all trees to be pa9t$ fiddle-br[n4 ,x is ne$less to say ! only way su* a conv5tional *i>o-oscuro c be obta9$ 9 photography is by arrang+ ! objects 9 nature1 or by ret\*+1 & bo? are aga9/ our pr9ciples4 ,! /ud5t1 !n1 mu/1 z we h said1 ma/] 8tone10 t is 8 *i>o-oscuro1 8 light & %ade1 & he mu/ always rememb] to look = 8bread?0 9 8 treatm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,bread?4 ,bread? is f\nd 9 all good "w1 & x dep5ds 9 photography n entirely ^u light & %ade1 b ^u ! focuss+ & develop+ z well1 z we h already indicat$4 ,:y are spotty-light$1 %>ply-focuss$1 brightly-develop$ negatives s 8noisy0 & g>i% & in>ti/ic8 ,x is t !y lack 8bread?40 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght f ?is t no sunny pictures h bread?2 on ! contr>y1 if ! masses are l>ge1 & ! planes well r5d]$1 & ! tonality true1 !re c be z mu* bread? 9 a sunny picture z 9 a grey-day effect4 ,x has be5 said t 8bread?0 is a device ( ! pa9t]s1 b ?is is m]e nons5se4 ,let ! /ud5t look well at a simple /ret* ( grass-l& bord]+ a /ill lake1 on a damp1 mi/y ev5+1 & !n he w see bread?4 ,let him focus t sc5e z %>ply z he likes1 includ+ a portion ( sky z well1 & develop & pr9t f x1 & he w f9d bread?1 & he w probably h a cle> und]/&+ z to ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,mr4 ,burnet divides *i>o-oscuro into five p>ts1 viz4 light1 half-light1 middle t9t1 half-d>k1 d>k4 ,?is arbitr>y division is hyp]critical4 ,= work+ purposes1 light1 half-tone or middle t9t1 & d>k1 are q suffici5t2 o!r subdivisions are f> too subtle & num]\s to be consid]$ !oretically1 &1 practically1 tru? ( tone is only to be le>n$ by long exp]i5ce & /udy1 & we believe all ! directions giv5 by ,mr4 ,burnet = produc+ relief1 h>mony1 & bread?1 to be artificial & useless4 ,an exam9ation ( ! plates %[s cle>ly h[ futile are 8 d$uctions1 & h[ untrue 9 light & %ade1 viz4 tone1 !y all are4 ,composition4 ,sid5ote3 ,composition4 ,mr4 ,burnet op5s ) ! /atem5t t 8geometric =ms 9 composition are f\nd to give ord] & regul>ity to an assemblage ( figures40 ,?is is ! fir/ pr9ciple on :i* is built 8 /ructure ( geometrical composition4 ,we w omit ! dicta ( lit]>y m5 on pictorial art :i* ,mr4 ,burnet is s fond ( quot+1 b :i* we consid] too wor?less to d m ) ?an m5tion4 ,let u !n apply ourselves to ! /udy ( 8 !sis4 ,8 fir/ rem>ks are ^u angul> composition1 & z he f9ds t ^! lead him into conv5tional me?ods1 he goes on to say t ?is conv5tionality c be rectifi$ by balance4 ,ev5 if we w\ld foll[ ?is =m ( composition our means are limit$1 =1 unlike ! pa9t]1 we _c alt] & re-arrange4 ,h[ev]1 we h no wi% to make 8angul> compositions10 & consid] !m false 9 !ory4 ,pa9t]s1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ settle ^! matt]s = !mselves2 we "k h[ _m settle !m1 t is by ignor+ all su* tea*+s z nons5se4 ,next we come to ! 8circul> composition10 :i*1 we are told1 is 8applicable to ! highe/ walks ( art10 :]ev] !y may be4 ,soon aft] ?is we come ^u ! true/ rem>k 9 ! book4 8,arti/s g5]ally pref] ! op9ions ( untutor$ *ildr5 to ! rem>ks ( ! mo/ le>n$ philosoph]s10 & we fe> mo/ mod]n arti/s pref] ! tea*+s ( nature to ^? ( t philosoph] ,john ,burnet1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,f9ally1 ,mr4 ,burnet w9ds up ) ! words1 8,i mu/ also caution ! "y arti/ aga9/ suppos+ t ^! modes ( arrangem5ts are giv5 = 8 imitation4 ,i m]ely wi% him to be acqua9t$ ) ! advantages any p>ticul> composition possesses1 t 9 adopt+ any inv5tion ( 8 own1 he may engraft ^u x ^! or simil> advantages40 ,n[ ?is reads v oddly aft] talk+ ( rules ( composition1 = :at is ! good ( a rule if x is n to be foll[$8 & x reads v illogically :5 comp>$ ) ! quotation f ,reynolds 7,br\gham871 :i* goes to back up ! excuse = advocat+ rules z ,burnet gives !m1--viz4 8to ^? :o imag9e t su* rules t5d to fett] g5ius1 c40 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole "w is illogical1 unsci5tific1 & in>ti/ic1 & has n a leg to /& on4 ,x is v speci\s to say t all compositions are made accord+ to geometrical =ms1 = no?+ c be easi] ?an to take arbitr>y po9ts 9 a picture & draw geometrical figures jo9+ !m4 ,! pyramid is a fav\rite geometrical =m ( composition4 ,n[ take any picture1 & take any ?ree po9ts y l1 & jo9 !m1 & y h a pyramid1 s does e composition conta9 a pyramid1 z does a donkey's e>4 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,! /ud5t is di/9ctly w>n$ aga9/ pay+ any s]i\s att5tion to ^! rules2 x is1 h[ev]1 z we h said1 well t he %\ld "k ( !m1 & we suspect he w le>n some?+ ( design f m]ely look+ c>efully at ! plates4 ,( tone he w le>n no?+4 ,) ,mr4 ,burnet's rem>ks ^u col\r we are 9 no way conc]n$4 ,b ! /ud5t w say1 h[1 !n1 c composition be le>n$8 ,our answ] to ?is is t composition1 t is selection1 _c be le>n$ save by exp]i5ce & practical "w--!re is no royal road to x1 no %ill+ guide4 ,?is subtle & vital p[] mu/ be acquir$ if we are to d any good "w1 = we are dumb until we d acquire x4 ,we c no m express ourselves 9 art )\t hav+ ma/]$ composition1 ?an a *ild c express himself 9 prose until he has le>nt ! art ( writ+4 ,x is = ?is reason t we mu/ le>n art practically1 = no writt5 8rules or laws0 c be giv54 ,ea* picture is a problem 9 itself1 & ! art-ma/] c help ! /ud5t to solve ! problems z !y arise1 9 t way only c composition be le>n$4 ,! pro( ( ?is is t "y pa9t]s :o h be5 ?r\gh ! s*ools are v weak 9 composition1 x is only by cont9ual failures t !y acquire ! necess>y k4 ,let ! /ud5t trace ! developm5t ( any pa9t]'s "w1 & he w f9d t 8 e>ly works are always poor 9 composition & feeble 9 motif4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,out-,,door ,,& ,,9-,,door ,,"w4 ,x is presum$ ! /ud5t has ?or\ghly ma/]$ & appli$ all t has prec$$ ?is *apt]1 especially ! matt] ( tone1 o!rwise x is no use attempt+ to make pictures1 :i* means attempt+ composition4 ,presum+ !n ! /ud5t is ma/] ( ! subject z already treat$1 we w n[ proce$ to (f] "s sugge/ions on picture-mak+1 b be x di/9ctly und]/ood !y are only sugge/ions4 ,we %all divide ! subject into two sections1 beg9n+ ) out-door "w4 ,,out-,,door ,,portraiture4 ,sid5ote3 ,out-door portraiture4 ,v f9e portraits & gr\ps c be tak5 out ( doors4 ,9 tak+ su* pictures1 x is admissible to dictate ! dress ( ! model1 & to arrange tea-p>ties1 sport+1 a?letic1 & o!r gr\ps4 ,b if ! /ud5t int5ds to make !m arti/ic1 he mu/ be v p>ticul> ) 8 types1 & see above all ?+s t ! s5tim5t is true4 ,= example1 x is a f9e p>ody on nature to photograph a gaunt & self-consci\s girl 9 /hetic clo?+1 = dress x _c be call$1 ) a t5nis-bat 9 h] h&4 ,= a t5nis picture1 f9e girls1 physically well-=m$1 %\ld be *os54 ,sid5ote3 ,backgr\nd4 ,next ! /ud5t %\ld *oose a simple backgr\nd1 :i* ) ! dress & fle% t9ts =m a h>mony or f9e /udy 9 tone4 ,! model's dress %\ld be v simple & well-fitt+1 su* dresses z 7 worn by ,botticelli's wom5 7dresses q unlike ! mod]n /hetic g[ns71 be+ v arti/ic = wom51 :ile flannel %irts or simple :ite tr\s]s w look well on ! m54 ,all mon/rosities & exagg]ations ( fa%ion %\ld be avoid$1 su* z fl[]s1 *atela9es1 wasp-wai/s1 high heels1 & dress improv]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat]ials = dresses4 ,! be/ mat]ial = dresses = pictures is a co>se1 limp1 self-col\r$ musl9 7butt]-clo? is excell5t = ! purpose74 ,sid5ote3 ,jewell]y4 ,all jewell]y %\ld be es*ew$1 ! only decoration ( ?is k9d t photographs simply & well is p]haps a /r+ ( pe>ls1 :i* looks *>m+4 ,! "w mu/ be true 9 s5tim5t1 & ! /ud5t mu/ *oose an appropriate treatm5t ( ! subject4 ,! portrait be+ out ( doors1 we mu/ be made to feel t fact2 ?us1 a girl re/+ f t5nis1 a girl 9 a rid+-habit1 or bett] /ill on horseback1 w\ld be v appropriate4 ,! backgr\nd mu/ be c>efully select$ to be 9 keep+ ) ! figure1 & to help to tell ! /ory fully & emphatically1 & yet x mu/ be kept subdu$4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr\ps4 ,gr\ps are v difficult to treat arti/ically1 & our nev]-fail+ rule is to limit z mu* z possible ! numb] ( p 9 ! gr\p4 ,sid5ote3 ,treatm5t ( model4 ,hav+ n[ *os5 8 model & arrang$ o!r matt]s1 ! /ud5t mu/ rememb] to let 8 model /& or sit1 z he or %e likes1 & all sugge/ions = ! pose %\ld come f ! model2 ?is is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( naturalism4 ,a great fri5d ( ours1 a well-kn[n sculptor1 assures u he w\ld n d>e to pose a model accord+ to any preconceiv$ idea1 b he wat*es ! model pose 9 diff]5t ways1 & :5 he sees a /rik+ & beautiful attitude be seizes on t & makes a rapid sket* ( x4 ,t is ! only true way = ! photograph] to "w1 he mu/ h ! cam]a ready1 focuss$ & arrang$1 & :5 he sees 8 model 9 an unconsci\s & beautiful pose1 he mu/ snap 8 %utt]4 ,x is ?us v evid5t h[ important is art-k & insight = all good photographic "w1 & x is ?us evid5t h[ a man :o is sympa!tic & ( a ref9$ temp]am5t w %[ 8 individuality 9 8 "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,comm]cial ,gr\ps4 ,) comm]cial gr\ps ( b&s1 football teams1 c41 ! /ud5t has no?+ to d1 & let him nev] be induc$ to photograph any?+ :i* he does n ?9k w make a picture4 ,he mu/ h pati5ce also1 :5 wait+ = nature's sugge/ions2 we h wait$ a :ole morn+1 rubb] ball 9 h&1 = a suitable gr\p+ ( colts1 b we f9ally got "o ( ! be/ ?+s we ev] produc$4 ,if our photograph] be a smok]1 let him light 8 pipe & take x easy1 talk+ mean:ile to ! model2 at l5g? 8 *ance w come1 b x may only come once1 & !n he mu/ n hesitate or ! picture may be lo/ 9 a mom5t4 ,x is pref]able t all out-door portraits %\ld be tak5 on a grey day1 or 9 ! %ade if ! sun be %9+4 ,!re is a wide field op5 to weal?y photograph]s = produc+ really good pictures ( _! fri5ds at c\ntry h\ses4 ,b ! /ud5t mu/ rememb] t to produce a p]fect picture takes a long "t & c only be a*iev$ by long & pati5t practice1 c\pl$ ) arti/ic ability4 ,! hurri$ repres5tations ( %oot+1 boat+1 & family gr\ps1 :i* are s (t5 produc$ by indu/rial photograph]s1 are arti/ically b5ea? contempt4 ,!y are m]e /atem5ts ( facts1 & z mu* ak9 to art z ! directions 9 a cook]y-book are ak9 to lit]ature4 ,photography up to a c]ta9 po9t1 & 9 a haphaz>d way1 is s easily le>n$ n[-a-days t !re is absolutely no m]it 9 produc+ su* "w4 ,su* photographs are only ! confessions ( untra9$ & commonplace m9ds4 ,,l&scape4 ,sid5ote3 ,l&scape4 ,! /ud5t :o w\ld become a l&scape photograph] mu/ g to ! c\ntry & live !re = long p]iods2 = 9 no o!r way c he get any insight into ! my/]y ( nature4 ,all nature ne> t[ns is t+$ ) artificiality1 x may n be v pat5t b ! close obs]v] detects x4 ,among fi%]-folk ?is may be se5 9 ! sealsk9 cap1 9 ! ru/ic x %[s itself 9 ! h>d billycock hat1 9 l&scape pure x may be se5 9 "s artificial =ms ( ! riv]-banks1 or 9 artificial und]gr[?s2 ! m>k ( ! bea/1 ! /amp ( vulg>ity1 t hydra-head$ mon/] :i* always appe>s :]eev] a few m5 are ga!r$ toge!r1 is sure to be f\nd some:]e4 ,= ?is reason !n ! w\ld-be l&scape-photograph] %\ld pack up 8 ?+s & g to "s locality ) :i* he is 9 sympa?y1 j z a pa9t] does4 ,sid5ote3 8,out+s40 ,"h let him be caution$ aga9/ tak+ "p 9 any ( ^? 8out+s10 organiz$ by well-mean+ b mi/ak5 p4 ,x is laughable inde$ to read ( ! do+s ( ^! ga!r+s2 ( _! appo9tm5t ( a lead] 7(t5 bl9d72 ( ! driv+ 9 breaks1 always a /rong feature ( ^! meet+s2 ( ! eat+s1 an ev5 /rong] feature2 & f9ally ( ! bag1 #cb 8,il=d's10 #db 8,wratt5s'10 #eb 8,paget's10 c4 ,apply ! same sort ( ?+ to pa9t+1 & w\ld x n inde$ be ridicul\s8 ,w\ld x n l[] pa9t+ 9 ! eyes ( ! _w if say ?irty academicians ) a lead] = ! day1 assembl$ at ,victoria ,/ation ) pa/els & bo>ds1 or ) pa9t-tubes & small canvasses1 & w5t by tra9 to "s village & !re proce$$ to pa/el or pa9t :at ! lead] sugge/$2 !n w\ld foll[ ! d9n] 7! be/ "p1 no d\bt71 & next day h[ edifi$ w\ld be ! _w to read 9 ! daily pap]s ( ! mo/ successful out+1 ! result ( :i* 0 ! cov]+ ( #cb 8,r[ney10 #bi 8,w9dsor & ,newton10 & #dj 8,newman0 canvasses6 ,all ^! 8play+s0 br+ photography d[n to ! level ( cycl+ & canoe+1 & yet _m photograph]s wond] t arti/s w h no (ficial connection ) photography4 ,we "k well t x is = ^! & simil> reasons t s]i\s arti/s w n all[ _! names to be (ficially connect$ ) photography1 & we "h e>ne/ly appeal to all :o really h ! advancem5t ( photography at he>t to d all 9 _! p[] to br+ su* trivial 8play0 to an end4 ,sid5ote3 ,*oice ( di/rict4 ,hav+ !n decid$ to g to ! c\ntry1 let ! /ud5t ?9k well ) :i* k9d ( l&scape he is mo/ 9 sympa?y1 b let him always rememb] ?is fact t all l&scape is n suitable = pictorial purposes2 he mu/ !re=e le>n to di/+ui% betwe5 ! suitable & ! unsuitable4 ,l&scapes !re are full ( *>m1 pleasant places = a picnic or encampm5t1 b :5 y come to put !m into a picture1 !y become tame & commonplace4 ,aga9 let ! /ud5t avoid imitation4 ,if he kn[s t an arti/ has be5 successful 9 "o place1 d n let him1 l a feeble imitator1 be l$ ?i!r also1 = ! *ances are1 if 8 pr$ecessor 7 a /rong man1 t he w produce commonplaces :]e ! o!r produc$ ma/]pieces1 & !reby confess 8 inf]iority4 ,x is f> bett] to be orig9al 9 a small] way ?an ano!r1 ?an to be ev5 a fir/-rate imitator ( ano!r1 h[ev] great4 ,sid5ote3 ,photographic haunts4 ,= ?is reason ! pres5t me?od adopt$ by in>ti/ic writ]s ( publi%+ 8,photographic ,haunts0 is /rongly to be deprecat$1 su* guides c b lead to conv5tional & imitative1 !re=e contemptible "w4 ,! fact ( ! matt] is nature is full ( pictures1 & !y are to be f\nd 9 :at appe>s to ! un9itiat$ ! mo/ unlikely places4 ,let ! hone/ /ud5t !n *oose "s di/rict ) :i* he is 9 sympa?y1 & let him g !re quietly & sp5d a few mon?s1 or ev5 weeks if he _c sp>e mon?s1 & let him day & night /udy ! effects ( nature1 & try at any rate to produce "o picture ( 8 own1 "o picture :i* %all %[ an hone/ attempt to probe ! my/]ies ( nature & art1 "o picture :i* %all %[ ! au?or has some?+ to say1 & kn[s h[ to say x1 z p]haps no o!r liv+ p]son c\ld say x2 t is some?+ to h accompli%$4 ,rememb] t y\r photograph is z true an index ( y\r m9d1 z if y _h writt5 out a confession ( fai? on pap]4 ,we w n[ (f] a few rem>ks on ! compon5t p>ts ( a picture4 ,,! 8,,l9es40 ,sid5ote3 8,l9es40 ,z we h said !re c be no rules = ! arrangem5t ( l9es1 yet !y are all-important & ess5tial to ! expression ( h>mony & directness4 ,! /ud5t mu/ cultivate ! habit ( quickly analyz+ ! l9es ( a picture1 & com+ to a decision :e!r !y are h>moni\s & pictorially suitable4 ,= example1 he mu/ n h ! l9es ( diff]5t objects cutt+ ea* o!r & =m+ unpleasant angles1 = if he does ?is ! eye ( ! obs]v] w nev] get away f ! geometrical figure1 h[ev] good ! o!r "p ( ! picture may be4 ,he %\ld look = repeat$ l9e1 & 8 l9es %\ld run into ! picture1 ?us all uncom=tabl5ess is avoid$4 ,sid5ote3 ,balance4 ,!re is no necessity = balance or ! equal arrangem5t ( masses on ei!r side ( ! picture1 = ?is1 ?\gh x may produce pretty pictures1 w nev] produce /rong ones4 ,e l9e mu/ help to tell ! /ory & /r5g!n ! picture1 o!rwise x weak5s x4 ,a,,rial ,,p]spective4 ,sid5ote3 ,arial p]spective4 ,x is ( vital importance t ?is be well r5d]$1 ! me?od = obta9+ x hav+ already be5 %[n4 ,! /ud5t mu/ rememb] t he mu/ give ! true value to ! sep>ate planes ( ! picture1 or x is wor?less = reasons already /at$4 ,! /ate ( ! wea!r1 has1 z we h indicat$1 a wond]ful modify+ effect on ?is p]spective1 & mu/ be c>efully /udi$4 ,,tone4 ,sid5ote3 ,tone4 ,( vital importance is ! relatively true r5d]+ ( tone z already indicat$4 ,?is is su* a subtle subject t no directions c be giv5 = x1 & ! /ud5t c only ma/] ! subject by a long & ard5t /udy ( nature4 ,he c te/ 8 k by 8 p[] ( criticiz+ pictures away f nature1 = _! tru? or falsity ( tone4 ,! key 9 :i* ! picture is pit*$ %\ld always be 9 keep+ ) ! subject r5d]$4 ,,composition4 ,sid5ote3 ,composition4 ,! objects mu/ be arrang$ s t ! ?+ express$ is told cle>ly & directly1 9 %ort1 ! /ud5t %\ld try to express 8 subject z x has nev] be5 express$ be=e4 ,all ?+s n connect$ ) ! subject %\ld be remov$1 & all b ! *ief ?+ to be express$ %\ld be c>efully subdu$4 ,! int]e/ mu/ n be divid$1 b all mu/ g to help ! expression ( ! motif ( ! picture4 ,?us a :ite pat* ! size ( a ?reep5ny piece may ru9 a twelve by t5 in* plate1 z _m a hat1 a basket1 z _m a small article has done2 j z a false foot may ru9 an o!rwise f9e /anza4 ,be mo/ c>eful h[ y introduce a detail1 x may ei!r make or m> y\r picture4 ,! s5tim5t & detail mu/ always be appropriate or ! result is a trave/y4 ,?us haymak]s d n we> new-fa%ion$ button$ boots1 nor d ru/ics we> sun-bonnets & aprons all clean & fa%ionably cut4 ,b ?is is only a sup]ficial matt]1 ! arti/ mu/ c>ry appropriat5ess mu* deep] ?an 9 m]e co/ume2 = example1 a flock ( %eep on a pa/ure may be made q false 9 s5tim5t1 if !y are driv5 9 a way t sugge/s a m>* to ! slaught]-h\se1 & !y v easily huddle toge!r 9 a mann] t sugge/s t f9al procession4 ,! /ud5t w n[ see h[ subtle all ^! matt]s are1 & h[ little yet h[ mu* divides ! ma/]piece f m$iocrity4 ,"s photograph]s ?9k naturalism consi/s only 9 tak+ ?+s z !y are1 & !y w exclaim1 if y criticize _! "w1 8,oh6 x 0 j l t any way40 ,true1 oh +5u\s "o1 b x 0 j "s o!r way z well1 & p]haps t o!r way might h giv5 a "w ( art1 :]eas ?is way has giv5 a bald & un9t]e/+ fact4 ,selection or composition is a mo/ subtle matt]1 & "o v difficult to le>n1 b let ! /ud5t p]sev]e1 & if he has ! ability he w f9d t ! scales w fall f 8 eyes z he goes on4 ,,impression4 ,sid5ote3 ,impression4 ,! impression mu/ be true ?r\gh\t1 & if all ! prec$+ compon5ts are true ! impression w be true4 ,our /ud5t may n[ h c>ri$ out all ^! ?+s & yet !re may be no picture1 8 m9d may be commonplace4 ,he may h wa/$ a good te*nique on a commonplace subject1 su* z a ya*t go+ 9 full sail1 an express tra91 "s v ord9>y dogs or horses1 or "s v extraord9>y m5 or wom54 ,we are !n br\ght to a v important matt]1 ! subject4 ,,subject ,,( ,,! ,,picture4 ,sid5ote3 ,subject4 ,! subject mu/ h pictorial qualities1 x mu/ be typical1 & mu/ give /hetic pleasure4 ,! /ud5t mu/ look = elegance & a di/+u air 9 8 subject4 ,y w f9d t ! be/ pictures w be ( ^? subjects :i* hit y h>de/ 9 nature1 ^? :i* /rike y s mu* t y feel an irresi/ible desire to secure !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,art ( feel+ nature4 ,y mu/ !n tra9 y\r feel+s1 =1 z ,john ,con/able said1 8! art ( feel+ nature is a ?+ almo/ z mu* to be cultivat$ z ! art ( read+ ! ,egyptian hi]oglyphics40 ,y mu/ !n1 :5 y h felt y\r subject1 be resolute & only take 9 :at is necess>y to express y\r subject2 ?is is ! text ( ! arti/4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be h>moni\s & com=table1 b t alone w n suffice any m ?an w ! subject alone4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be 9 keep+ 9 ! picture4 ,! arti/ mu/ be 9 sympa?y ) 8 subject1 8entr] dans la mme peau10 z ! ,fr5* say4 ,he mu/ h no preconceiv$ notion ( h[ he is go+ to d a subject1 b take all 8 sugge/ions f nature & humbly foll[ !m & lov+ly portray !m4 ,pure imitation ( nature 7ev5 if x 7 possible7 won't d1 ! arti/ mu/ add 8 intellect1 h5ce 8 "w is an int]pretation4 ,to photograph a 8fly+ express0 s t x looks z if /&+ /ill is imitation1 to r5d] x ) ! sugge/ion ( motion by its smoke & /eam is an int]pretation4 ,! great "q :i* ! /ud5t %\ld ask himself is3 ,my aim1 :at is x8 ,if t be s]i\s & hone/1 & n feeble & va+lori\s1 he is all "r4 ,rememb] t ! aim ( art is to give /hetic pleasure1 & t arti/s are ! be/ judges ( ?is matt]1 & y w f9d t s good is _! tra9+ t !y (t5 elevate ! meane/ ?+s !y t\*4 ,sid5ote3 ,poetry 9 works ( art4 ,! highe/ expression is t ( poetry1 & !re=e ! be/ works ( art all conta9 poetry4 ,:at poetry is & h[ x is to be got is n to be discuss$ 9 our pres5t /ate ( k1 suffice x to say t ! poet is born & n made1 ?\gh ! poet's spee* may be improv$ by tra9+4 ,sid5ote3 ,qualities ( a picture4 ,?us x w be se5 h[ difficult a matt] x is to produce a picture1 ev5 :5 we h ?or\ghly ma/]$ our te*nique & practice1 =1 to recapitulate1 9 a picture ! arrangem5t ( l9es mu/ be appropriate1 ! arial p]spective mu/ be truly & subtily yet broadly r5d]$1 ! tonality mu/ be relatively true1 ! composition mu/ be p]fect1 ! impression true1 ! subject di/+ui%$1 & if ! picture is to be a ma/]piece1 ! motif mu/ be poetically r5d]$1 = !re is a poetry ( photography z !re is ( pa9t+ & lit]ature4 ,nev] re/ satisfi$ !n until ^! requirem5ts are all fulfill$1 & de/roy all works 9 :i* !y are n to be f\nd4 ,t x w be possible = comp>atively few to succe$ is evid5t1 b ! prize is wor? /riv+ =1 = ev5 if we d n all atta9 to ! production ( p]fect works1 we %all h ga9$ a k ( art & an insight into nature1 t w be a nev]-fail+ s\rce ( pleasure to u 9 our daily walks4 ,,figure ,,& ,,l&scape4 ,sid5ote3 ,figure & l&scape4 ,by f> ! mo/ difficult bran* ( photography is t 9 :i* figures occur 9 l&scapes4 ,all previ\s rem>ks apply to ?is bran* ( ! art1 only "h x is m necess>y ?an ev] t e detail be p]fect4 ,?is is a bran* :i* we h p]haps /udi$ & develop$ m ?an any o!r1 & yet ev5 n[ we feel b a beg9n] 9 x4 ,"o ?+ y mu/ nev] =get1 t is ! type2 y mu/ *oose y\r models mo/ c>efully1 & !y mu/ )\t fail be picturesque & typical4 ,! /ud5t %\ld feel t !re nev] 0 su* a fi%]man1 or su* a pl\ghman1 or su* a poa*]1 or su* an old man1 or su* a beautiful girl1 z he is pictur+4 ,x is a great mi/ake = photograph]s to attempt rural subjects unless !y h liv$ 9 ! c\ntry = a long "t & are ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! s5tim5t ( c\ntry life4 ,! tru? ( ?is axiom is prov$ by ! fals5ess ( s5tim5t se5 9 mo/ c\ntry pictures done by pa9t]s ev54 ,! /ud5t :o lives 9 t[n w f9d good figure-subjects 9 ! t[n1 & if he has no sympa?y ) su* life1 he %\ld try su* subjects z %oot+ p>ties1 c\rs+ meets1 rid+ subjects1 & beautiful wom54 ,x is fallaci\s to try & cultivate an unsympa!tic field & is sure to end 9 m$iocrity or failure4 ,,/udio ,,portraiture4 ,sid5ote3 ,/udio ,portraiture4 ,! easie/ bran* ( photography is portraiture 9 ! /udio1 = all conditions1 includ+ ev5 ! dress ( ! model1 are 9 ! photograph]'s h&s4 ,! light+ is also p]fectly "u control4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9ciples ( light+4 ,! pr9ciples ( light+ a face are briefly ^!3 ,a top light gives ! be/ & subtle/ modell+1 & gives m relief ?an any o!r light+4 ,b ! aim ( pictorial art is n to give relief to illusion1 !re=e ! top light effect is modifi$ by a side light & by reflectors4 ,! pr9ciple ( us+ a reflector is ?is3 ,light fall+ at "r angles on a plane surface gives ! highe/ light1 !n z we turn ! reflector ?r\gh a circle1 we get all gradations up to full d>k1 :5 ! reflector is turn$ "r r\nd4 ,?is pr9ciple mu/ be rememb]$ 9 light+ ! planes ( ! face4 ,! portraiti/ mu/ "w z does ! sculptor1 9 planes & tone1 t is1 he mu/ quickly make an analysis ( ! face & obs]ve ! mo/ suitable treatm5t ( ! subject1 & !n he mu/ focus & develop s z to br+ ! planes well out1 & !y mu/ be broad 9 treatm5t & relatively true 9 tone4 ,^! are ! only pr9ciples :i* c be giv5 = light+1 _! application c be le>n$ by /udy fir/ on a pla/] ca/1 & aft]w>ds on ! liv+ model4 ,sid5ote3 ,"* or expression4 ,! great ?+ to obta9 is ! "* or expression ( ! model1 ev]y?+ mu/ be sacrific$ = ?is 9 portraiture1 & en\gh ( ! figure mu/ be tak5 9 to ?or\ghly express ! "*4 ,?us ! head alone may d 9 "s cases1 9 o!rs x w be necess>y to include ! h&s1 9 o!rs ! :ole body4 ,x is ne$less to repeat t all portraits %\ld be tak5 by quick exposures4 ,! be/ way is = ! /ud5t to h a v long ela/ic tube to 8 %utt]1 !n he c walk ab\t & talk to ! model1 & :5 he sees a good natural pose1 he c expose1 & 8 picture w probably be good4 ,! pres5t way ( pos+1 us+ head-re/s1 c41 is feeble & ar*aic1 & ne>ly c]ta9 to result 9 failure4 ,ano!r important h9t is to place ! l5s on ! same level z ! eye ( ! model1 nei!r high] nor l[]1 especially if l>ge heads are tak54 ,:5 ! picture is to be full l5g? or ?ree-qu>t] l5g?1 ! head %\ld /ill receive ! pr9cipal att5tion1 & all else be subdu$4 ,we h already treat$ ( arrangem5ts ( backgr\nds & dresses 9 h>monies1 & ( ! absolute necessity = us+ only suitable accessories4 ,9 addition all o!r pr9ciples ( composition1 h>mony1 bread?1 z already describ$1 mu/ be rememb]$4 ,sid5ote3 ,adam ,salomon4 ,f9ally we give a quotation f ,m4 ,adam ,salomon1 sculptor & photograph]3-- 8,ea* subject %\ld be treat$ accord+ to its own requirem5ts1 its own individualism4444 ,:5 ! arti/ is int]e/$ 9 8 "w & believes 9 8 art1 x becomes wond]fully pla/ic1 & ! mat]ials wond]fully tractable 9 8 h&s40 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,h9ts ,,on ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,practical h9ts4 ,z practical h9ts = work+ _c be wov5 into a cont9u\s text1 we w give !m sep>ately4 ,sid5ote3 ,prizes = 8set subjects40 ,nev] compete = prizes = 8set subjects10 = "w ( ?is k9d leads to work+ f preconceiv$ ideas1 & !re=e to conv5tionality1 false s5tim5t1 & vulg>ity4 ,sid5ote3 ,man orig9ally vulg>4 ,rememb] t ! orig9al /ate ( ! m9ds ( un$ucat$ m5 is vulg>1 y n[ "k :y vulg> & commonplace works please ! majority4 ,!re=e1 educate y\r m9d1 & fight ! hydra-head$ mon/]--vulg>ity4 ,seize on any aspect ( nature t pleases y & try & int]pret x1 & ignore--z nature ignores--all *ildi% rules1 su* z t ! l5s %\ld "w only :5 ! sun %9es or :5 no w9d bl[s4 ,sid5ote3 olus4 ,m]it ( photographs4 olus is ! brea? ( life ( l&scape4 ,! *ief m]it ( mo/ photographs is _! diagramatic accuracy1 z x is _! *ief vice4 ,sid5ote3 ,pseudo-sci5tific photograph]s & art4 ,avoid ! c\nsels ( pseudo-sci5tific photograph]s 9 art matt]s1 z !y h avoid$ ! /udy ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,resolution4 ,if y decide on tak+ a picture1 let no?+ /op y1 ev5 %\ld y h to /& by y\r tripod = a day4 ,sid5ote3 ,po9t ( sight4 ,d n climb a ma/1 or sit on ! wea!rcock ( a /eeple1 to photograph a l&scape2 rememb] no "o w foll[ y up !re to get y\r po9t ( sight4 ,sid5ote3 ,rembr&t pictures4 ,d n talk ( ,rembr&t pictures1 !re 0 b "o ,rembr&t4 ,light y\r pictures z be/ y c & call !m y\r own4 ,sid5ote3 8,arti/ photograph]s40 ,d n call y\rself an 8arti/-photograph]0 & make 8arti/-pa9t]s0 & 8arti/-sculptors0 laugh2 call y\rself a photograph] & wait = arti/s to call y bro!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,falsity ( photographic portraits4 ,rememb] :y ne>ly all portrait photographs are s unlike ! p !y repres5t--because ! portrait l5s z (t5 us$ gives false draw+ ( ! planes & false tonality1 & !n1 comes along ! ret\*] to put on ! fir/ "p ( ! uni=m1 & he is foll[$ by ! vignett] & burni%] :o complete ! disguise4 ,sid5ote3 ,am\nt ( l&scape to be includ$ 9 a picture4 ,! am\nt ( a l&scape to be includ$ 9 a picture is f> m difficult to det]m9e ?an ! am\nt ( oxidiz] or alkali to be us$ 9 ! develop]4 ,sid5ote3 8,flat0 & 8weak0 negatives4 ,pay no he$ to ! av]age photograph]'s rem>ks ^u 8flat0 & 8weak0 negatives4 ,probably he is flat1 weak1 /ale & unpr(itable2 y\r negative may be fir/-rate1 & probably is if he does n approve ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,bad wood-cutt]s4 ,d n all[ bad wood-cutt]s & second-rate process-mong]s to produce libels ( y\r "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,broad & simple4 ,"w & fai?4 ,be broad & simple4 ,"w h>d & h fai? 9 nature's tea*+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! propiti\s mom5t4 ,rememb] !re is "o mom5t 9 ! ye> :5 ea* p>ticul> l&scape looks at its be/1 try & secure x at t mom5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,procra/9ation4 ,d n put (f do+ a covet$ picture until ano!r ye>1 = next ye> ! sc5e w look v diff]5t4 ,y w nev] be able twice to get exactly ! same ?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,vulg>ity4 ,vulg>ity a/oni%es1 produces a s5sation2 ref9em5t attracts by delicacy & *>m & mu/ be s\ght out4 ,vulg>ity obtrudes itself1 ref9em5t is unobtrusive & requires ! introduction ( education4 ,sid5ote3 ,art & leg]dema94 ,art is n leg]dema92 mu* 8in/antane\s0 "w is b juggl]y4 ,sid5ote3 8,go+ 9 = photography40 ,?\gh _m pa9t]s & sculptors talk glibly ( 8go+ 9 = photography10 y w f9d t v few ( !m c ev] make a picture by photography2 !y lack ! sci5ce1 te*nical k1 & above all1 ! practice4 ,mo/ p ?9k !y c play t5nis1 %oot1 write novels1 & photograph z well z any o!r p]son--until !y try4 ,sid5ote3 ,fai?4 ,s5sational 9 nature4 ,be true to y\rself & individuality w %[ itself 9 y\r "w4 ,d n be caught by ! s5sational 9 nature1 z a co>se r$-fac$ sunset1 a g>rul\s wat]fall1 or a fifte5 ?\s& foot m\nta94 ,sid5ote3 ,prett9ess4 ,avoid prett9ess--! ^w looks mu* l pett9ess1 & !re is b little diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,on /udy+ photography4 ,no "o %\ld take up photography :o is n cont5t to "w h>d & /udy s t he c take pictures = 8 own eye only4 ,! arti/ works to record ! beauties ( nature1 ! bagman works to please ! public1 or = fil?y lucre1 or = metal m$als4 ,sid5ote3 ,on 8=m40 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 9 our /ud5t days1 x 0 consid]$ 8bad =m0 to give a te/imonial to a tradesman = publication4 ,?is is /ill 8bad =m20 let ! /ud5t1 !re=e1 nev] let 8 "n appe> 9 ! adv]tisem5t columns ( photographic pap]s b5ea? a puff ( "s mak]'s plates or "s pr9t+ pap]s4 8,good w9e ne$s no bu%40 ,sid5ote3 ,value ( a picture4 ,! value ( a picture is n proportionate to ! tr\ble & exp5se x co/s to obta9 x1 b to ! poetry t x conta9s4 ,sid5ote3 8,good art40 ,good art only appeals to ! highly cultivat$ at ! fir/ glance1 b x gradually gr[s on ! uncultivat$1 or ! half cultivat$2 ) bad art ! case is o!rwise4 ,sid5ote3 ,life ( ! model4 ,give ! life ( ! model 9 a portrait1 n 8 be>+ t[>ds y dur+ a mauvais qu>t d'heure4 ,sid5ote3 ,reflections & %ad[s4 ,d n call reflections--%ad[s2 le>n to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two4 ,sid5ote3 ,beautiful poses4 ,always be on ! look-out = a graceful movem5t :5 y are conv]s+ ) a p]son1 ?us y w le>n4 ,sid5ote3 ,limits ( art4 ,keep rigidly )9 ! limits ( y\r art1 d n /rive = ! impossible1 & s miss ! possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,on reproduction4 ,nev] judge ( ! m]its ( a pa9t+ or piece ( sculpture f reproductions4 ,sid5ote3 ,quality4 ,s5tim5t & poetry4 ,e good "w has 8quality40 ,d n mi/ake s5tim5tality = s5tim5t1 & s5tim5t = poetry4 ,sid5ote3 ,spontaneity4 ,failure4 ,spontaneity is ! life ( a picture4 ,cont9ual failure is a road to success--if y h ! /r5g? to g on4 ,sid5ote3 ,col\r ( l&scape4 ,! col\r ( a l&scape view$ 9 ! direction ( ! sun is almo/ unse52 !re=e turn y\r back on ! sun if y wi% to see nature's col\r+1 & y d6 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/mas c>ds & 8arti/ic0 opals4 ,d n emulate ! produc]s ( photographic ,*ri/mas c>ds & 8arti/ic0787 opals2 !y are all wor?y ( ! bagman4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9i%4 ,my/]y4 ,d n mi/ake %>pness = tru?1 & burni% = f9i%4 ,! *>m ( nature lies 9 h] my/]y & poetry1 b no d\bt %e is nev] my/]i\s to a donkey4 ,sid5ote3 ,app>atus4 ,x is n ! app>atus t does ! "w1 b ! man :o wields x4 ,say z mu* z y c1 ) z little mat]ial z y c4 ,sid5ote3 ,good "w4 ,vanity4 ,flatt] no man1 b sp>e n g5]\s praise to really good "w4 ,la% ! ins9c]e & petty homunculi :o are work+ = vanity4 ,sid5ote3 ,arti/ & arti/-photograph]4 ,hold up to scorn e coxcomb :o pa9ts 8arti/-photograph]0 or 8arti/0 on 8 door1 or /amps x on 8 m\nts4 ,sid5ote3 ,on publi%+4 ,rememb] e photograph y publi% goes out = bett] = worse1 to raise y up or pull y d[n2 d n be 9 ha/e1 !re=e1 to give y\rself ov] to ! enemy4 ,sid5ote3 ,on success4 ,by ! envy1 ly+ & sl&]+ ( ! weak1 ! ignorant1 & ! vici\s1 %all y "k y are succe$+1 z well z by ! sympa?y & praise ( ! j1 ! g5]\s1 & ! ma/]s4 ,sid5ote3 8,%>pness40 ,:5 a critic has no?+ to tell y save t y\r pictures are n %>p1 be c]ta9 he is n v %>p & kn[s no?+ at all ab\t x4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]iors4 ,don't be l$ away to photograph b\rgeois furni%$ int]iors1 !y are n wor? ! silv] on ! plate = ! pleasure !y w give :5 done4 ,sid5ote3 ,greatness4 ,! great] ! "w ! simpl] x looks & ! easi] x seems to d or to imitate1 b x is n s4 ,sid5ote3 ,photographs z hi/orical records4 ,photographic pictures may h "o m]it :i* no o!r pictures c ev] h1 !y c be reli$ ^u z hi/orical records4 ,sid5ote3 ,art at home4 ,art is n to be f\nd by t\r+ to ,egypt1 ,*9a1 or ,p]u2 if y _c f9d x at y\r own door1 y w nev] f9d x4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature & pictures4 ,p are educat$ to admire nature ?r\gh pictures4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce & art4 ,sci5ce de/roys or builds up1 & seeks only = bald tru?4 ,art seeks to give a tru?ful impression ( "s beautiful ph5om5on or poetic fact1 & de/roys all t int]f]es ) h] purpose4 ,sid5ote3 ,topography4 ,topography is ! regi/ration ( bald facts ab\t a place2 x is sometimes conf\nd$ ) ,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,art & culture4 ,! arti/ic faculty develops only ) culture4 ,a man may be a ,newton & at ! same "t nev] get beyond ! *romographic /age 9 art4 ,sid5ote3 ,individuality4 ,)\t individuality !re c be no individual art1 b rememb] t ! value ( ! individuality dep5ds on ! man1 = all ! poetry is 9 nature1 b diff]5t individuals see diff]5t am\nts ( x4 ,sid5ote3 8,fiddle-br[n0 trees4 ,_h ,con/able li/5$ to rules we might h _h 8fiddle-br[n0 trees 9 our pictures to-day4 ,sid5ote3 ,naturali/ic works4 ,nature is full ( surprises & subtleties1 :i* give quality to a "w1 ?us a tru?ful impression ( h] is nev] to be f\nd 9 any b naturali/ic works4 ,sid5ote3 ,on op9ion 9 art4 ,! undevelop$ arti/ic faculty delights 9 glossy & %[y objects & 9 brightly col\r$ ?+s4 ,! appreciation ( delicate tonality 9 mono*rome or col\r is ! result ( high developm5t4 ,! frugivor\s ape loves bright col\r1 & s does ! "y p]son ( 8culture10 & ! negress ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 b ,corot delight$ only 9 true & h>moni\s col\r+4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature & sanity4 ,nature :isp]s all h] great secrets to ! sane 9 m9d1 j z %e delights 9 giv+ h] be/ physical prizes to ! sane 9 body4 ,sid5ote3 ,busy insanity4 ,nature abhors busy insanity4 ,sid5ote3 8,/ol5 bits40 ,d n be surpris$ if y f9d 8/ol5 bits0 ( y\r photographs 9 ! works ( inf]ior et*]s1 aqu>elli/s1 & black & :ite draughtsm52 x pays !m to /eal1 :ile x does n hurt y1 = !y _c /eal y\r 8quality40 ,sid5ote3 ,nature & photography4 ,_m photograph]s ?9k !y are photograph+ nature :5 !y are only c>icatur+ h]4 ,sid5ote3 ,sun & %ad[s4 ,! sun :5 ne> ! horizon gives long] %ad[s ?an :5 ne> ! z5i?4 ,sid5ote3 ,photography & art4 ,:5 writ]s tell y photography is "o ?+ & art ano!r1 f9d out :o !y are1 & y %all f9d _! op9ion on art-matt]s is contemptible1 & x is only _! omnisci5t impud5ce & fanaticism t all[ !m to contradict a sculptor l ,adam ,salomon1 & a pa9t] l ,t4 ,f4 ,goodall1 to say no?+ ( o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,cle>ness4 ,! %all[ public l 8cle>ness10 !y l to see ! ve9s 9 ! grass-blade & ! scales on ! butt]fly's w+1 = does x n rem9d !m ( ! p[]ful vision ( _! p]iscopic ance/ors--! ,saurians4 ,sid5ote3 ,jap]s at photography4 ,:5 ! vulg> h]d jape at photography1 /& firm & ask !m if _! long-e>$ ance/ors did n jape at wat]-col\r pa9t+ & at et*+4 ,sid5ote3 ,criticism4 ,ask ( critics only 8fair play40 ,mu* ( ! criticism ( to-day consi/s 9 ! suppression ( ! tru? ( ! au?or & ! advocacy ( ! falsity ( ! critic4 ,criticism is z yet 9 ! metaphysical /age1 b x w "o day become rational & ( "s wor?4 ,!n1 critics w n attempt ! huge joke ( 8plac+0 p 9 ord] l a p$agogue1 e4g4 ,mat!w ,arnold betwe5 ,gray & ,wordswor?1 z "s wond]ful p]son did n long ago 9 "o ( ! reviews2 b criticism w %[ u h[ works ( art may s]ve to illu/rate ! life-hi/ory ( diff]5t epo*s4 ,! huge f>ce ( 8plac+0 criticism w be "o ( ! /ock jokes ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,decorative ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,decorative art4 ,by ! t]m 8decorative10 we mean ! ornam5tation ( any?+ con/ruct$ = "s useful or special purpose z oppos$ to ! ornam5tation ^: object is to please p] se4 ,?us1 ?\gh bo? sculpture & easel pictures are decorative 9 "o s5se1 !y are execut$ ) no consid]ation or reg>d = o!r purposes ?an to please4 ,z we h be=e %[n1 ! humble/ ( ! decorative arts may be rais$ to ! dignity ( a f9e art if an arti/ takes ! "w 9 h& & succe$s1 or ! "w may deg5]ate into m]e craftsman's "w4 ,= decorative purposes1 ! v>i\s me?ods are modifi$ & adapt$ to ! important consid]ations ( ! use & fitness ( ! object or place decorat$4 ,?us no good arti/ w\ld pa9t a f9i%$ & /udi$ l&scape on a dado1 he w\ld pa9t ! sc5e flat1 & col\r x 9 appropriate h>mony ) surr\nd+ objects1 = t is ! aim2 & a workman n an arti/ w\ld1 ( c\rse1 pa9fully elaborate & f9i% x s t x 0 nei!r a decorative "w nor a pa9t+ 9 ! ord9>y s5se4 ,sid5ote3 ,naturalism 9 decorative art4 ,9 all good decorative "w ! same old /ory ( naturalism holds good2 all ! be/ decorative "w we h se5 0 sugge/$ by nature1 & ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x is beyond ! scope ( decorative art to 8copy nature10 z sup]ficial folk say1 yet all patt]ns & =ms & h>monies %\ld be sugge/$ by nature4 ,we h se5 h>monies ( sea-we$ & s& :i* w\ld h made a beautiful col\r s*eme = decorative "w4 ,! be/ decorative "w has always be5 sugge/$ by nature2 geometrical patt]ns be+ tak5 f cry/als1 microscopic draw+s ( vegetable cells1 c4 ,sid5ote3 ,photography z appli$ to decorative art4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ omit a g5]al discussion ( ?is int]e/+ subject1 = we are "h only conc]n$ ) its photographic side4 ,we are n aw>e t ?is application ( decorative art has ev] receiv$ mu* att5tion2 & :5 we m5tion transp>5cies & enamels1 we h said all t has be5 done t[>ds employ+ photography decoratively4 ,by enamels1 ( c\rse1 is n und]/ood ^? gloss$ & rais$ productions on pap]1 :i* by "s extraord9>y blund] h be5 errone\sly call$ enamels4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9ciples4 ,n[ ! photograph]1 :o /udies & hopes to excel at decorative photography1 mu/ rememb] t he mu/ "w on ! same g5]al pr9ciples z he does 9 produc+ pictures1 t is1 he mu/ pay att5tion1 9 a broad way1 to ! tone ( ! room1 to effects ( contra/1 to h>monies1 to ! effect ( artificial lights & ( complem5t>y col\rs1 & above all to naturalism4 ,?us a delicate l&scape mu/ n be enamell$ on a tea-cup1 = x is obvi\sly false 9 pr9ciple to place a picture on a curv$ surface4 ,aga91 a palmetto leaf mu/ n be burn$ into ! tiles ( a fireplace1 ! two are incongru\s & incompatible4 ,ta/e & a reg>d = tru? %\ld gov]n all su* "w4 ,we w n[ briefly enum]ate ! uses to :i* photography might be put 9 decoration4 ,,= ,,panell+ ,,& ,,friezes4 ,sid5ote3 ,panell+ & friezes4 ,mu* might be done 9 ?is direction by an appropriate *oice ( subject4 ,= panels bits ( l&scape ( /rongly m>k$ types1 sea pieces1 dead game1 & plants might be admirably done4 ,by l&scapes ( /rongly m>k$ type1 we mean su* ?+s z a dead or leafless tree ov]hang+ a pond1 a poll>d$ will[ 9 w9t]1 & l subjects1 :]e ! elem5ts are few1 ! composition simple1 & :]e !re are no subtle atmosph]ic effects4 ,= ?is "w ! subject mu/ be express$ ) great t]s5ess & directness1 = ! =m is :at is requir$1 n subtlety ( tone or my/]y4 ,a gr\p ( dead mall>d or teal1 or an arrangem5t ( bulru%es & wat]-lilies1 are all suitable & admirable subjects4 ,sid5ote3 ,negatives4 ,negatives = ?is class ( "w %\ld be r d5se1 & 9 "s cases !y may be z %>ply focuss$ z possible1 x be+ rememb]$ t = =m 7diagrammatic =m7 decision is :at is requir$4 ,!re are c]ta9 subjects1 h[ev]1 :i* w be> be+ only j sugge/$1 su* z bulru%es1 re$s1 c41 :i* are full ( "* 9 !mselves4 ,^! objects %\ld be photograph$ aga9/ flat-t9t$ backgr\nds1 ! col\r *os5 be+ rul$ by ! col\r ( ! furniture ( ! room4 ,sid5ote3 ,r$ c>bon4 ,! be/ me?od ( proc$ure w\ld be to s5sitize ! panel & pr9t directly on to x by ! plat9otype process1 or p]haps by "s ( ! c>bon processes1 r$ c>bon be+ especially suitable = ?is "w4 ,! ,plat9otype ,company give directions = s5sitiz+ v>i\s surfaces1 all ( :i* c be obta9$ f _! (fices 9 ,s\?ampton ,r[1 ,high ,holborn4 ,sid5ote3 ,friezes4 ,= friezes1 beautiful arrangem5ts c\ld be made ( suitably drap$ figures ( girls1 ( a?letes1 & ( animals1 ! drap$ figures be+ 9 :ite1 tak5 aga9/ a black backgr\nd4 ,^! subjects pr9t$ 9 r$ c>bon w\ld look admirable if prop]ly arrang$4 ,enl>gem5ts c\ld be us$ 9 ^! cases1 z x does n matt] if ! orig9al negatives are made microscopically %>p4 ,v>i\s subjects & me?ods ( treatm5t w sugge/ !mselves to ! ?\ghtful & arti/ic /ud5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,tiles4 ,we _c help ?9k+ !re is a field = ! photographic decoration ( tiles4 ,= ?is purpose1 z !y are l[ d[n & se5 close to1 tone pictures might be us$2 b any quality ( l&scape w\ld n be admissible = ?is "w4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son's me?od ( enamell+ is fully giv5 9 ! late ,bad5-,prit*>d's 8,/udios ( ,europe40 ,^! tiles w\ld h to be cauti\sly us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,w9d[s4 ,!re is little or no?+ to be done 9 ! decoration ( w9d[s by photography4 ,( c\rse1 transp>5cies w imm$iately sugge/ !mselves1 b !y1 l mod]n glass pa9t+1 are false art4 ,! fir/ requisite ( glass pa9t+ is t all ! light possible %all pass ?r\gh ! pane1 & t ! col\rs %all be flat4 ,mod]n w9d[-pa9t]s ov]/ep ! limits ( ! art1 & try to r5d] tone z well1 ! result be+ bad arti/ically & bad decoratively1 z utility is affect$4 ,glass transp>5cies & opals are1 to our m9d1 wor?less = decorative purposes1 & %\ld n be enc\rag$4 ,sid5ote3 ,enamels4 ,m4 ,lafon de ,cam>sac 0 ! fir/ to apply photography to porcela9 "w1 9 ! ye> #ahed4 ,he work$ ) col\rs & produc$ "s m>vell\s results1 apply+ gold1 silv]1 & v>i\s pigm5ts 9 ?is way4 ,8 me?od 0 us$ = produc+ enamels = jewell]y1 b1 ( c\rse1 su* ?+s c\ld be utiliz$ 9 decorative "w4 ,b to produce pictures on tea-cups1 sauc]s1 broo*es1 c41 seems to u1 aga9/ all pr9ciples ( tru?4 ,we ?9k t ) great c>e & ta/e ?is class ( "w might be arti/ically utiliz$ 9 decorative art1 b none b an arti/ mu/ attempt x4 ,s we %all give ,poitev9's me?od4 ,sid5ote3 ,poitev9's me?od4 ,a positive on glass is obta9$1 & a glass plate is coat$ ) gum s5sitiz$ ) bi-*romate ( pota%4 ,! positive is !n plac$ 9 contact ) ! prep>$ plate & expos$ to ! light1 ! result be+ invisible z 9 c>bon pr9t+4 ,a v f9e hair sieve is n[ tak51 & dry p[d]$ *>coal is sift$ ov] ! coat$ plate1 & x w be f\nd t ! *>coal adh]es to ! p>ts act$ ^u by light4 ,?us is produc$ a delicate portrait 9 z p]fect tone z ! orig9al4 ,?is portrait is tempor>ily secur$ by bru%+ x ov] ) collodion4 ,! collodion film has n[ to be sep>at$ by delicate knives1 & x br+s away ) x ! *>coal picture4 ,?is film is next plac$ on a :ite enamell$ copp] plate1 :i* plates are b\ght ready prep>$1 & a fix+ pa/e 7t us$ by c]amic pa9t]s be+ employ$7 is spread ) a bru% ov] ! enamel4 ,?is pa/e comb9es ) ! *>coal image4 ,all is n[ ready = plac+ 9 ! enamell+ furnace1 :5 vitrification takes place1 & all ! organic bodies are de/roy$1 ! vitrifi$ *>coal image alone rema9+4 ,we ?9k t ) ta/e ev5 *9a s]vices might be decorat$ by means ( photography4 ,at any rate !re is a wide field = any "o ) ta/e & feel+4 ,sid5ote3 ,wall-pap]s & hang+s4 ,we d n "k :e!r or n photography has be5 appli$ to ! manufacture ( ei!r ( ^! mat]ials1 b !re is wide scope = x4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t def9ite patt]ns are obtrusive & undesirable4 ,a r monoton\s geometrical patt]n is requir$1 ! sugge/ion1 h[ev]1 com+ f nature4 ,?us a good patt]n c\ld be obta9$ f a transv]se section ( a rose-bud1 or f v>i\s se$-cases1 su* z ^? ( ! convolvulus & rose4 ,hi/ological specim5s also1 & desmids & diatoms1 all sugge/ beautiful & v>i$ =ms ( geometrical patt]ns4 ,?is has (t5 occurr$ to u :5 exam9+ ! wond]fully v>i$ & beautiful =ms ( ! diatom family4 ,x w\ld1 x seems to u1 be v easy ) multiply+ backs to get l>ge numb]s ( a =m on "o plate1 & !n to reproduce !m by *eap photo-me*anical means1 & ?\gh we h nev] yet he>d ( photographic wall-pap]s1 yet !re is no reason :y !y %\ld n be manufactur$1 if made arti/ically4 ,sid5ote3 ,d',oyleys4 ,= hang+s ^! same patt]ns might be wov5 9 or ev5 pr9t$ directly ^u ! mat]ials1 by ! plat9otype process4 ,! company :o br\ght =w>d t process keep prep>$ na9sook1 :y n o!r mat]ials8 ,= small ?+s1 su* z d',oyleys1 an endless & pleas+ v>iety might be introduc$4 ,9 %ort1 photography c & %\ld be made am5able to ! pr9ciples ( decorative art1 & employ$ legitimately 9 ?\s&s ( ways2 b ! /ud5t mu/ nev] =get t he mu/ rigidly & resolutely keep )9 ! b\nds ( 8 art1 :i* b\nds we h briefly indicat$ "h4 ,common s5se1 ta/e1 & /udy are 8 be/ safe-gu>ds4 ,9 all attempts1 h[ev]1 let him g to nature = 8 sugge/ions2 %e1 if he be humble & pati5t1 w n be less lavi% to him ?an to ! pa9t]4 ,s we f9d ourselves at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 & our consid]ations on photography z appli$ to decorative art lead u to conclude t ! =m 9 :i* x is at pres5t *iefly appli$1 i4e4 transp>5cies1 is false 9 pr9ciple1 & !re=e undesirable4 ,we felt ?is long be=e we /udi$ art at all1 & al?\gh we made _m opals & transp>5cies at "o "t1 we soon gave !m up z vanity & fooli%ness4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o ) tra9+ & arti/ic feel+ c>e to explore ! undevelop$ fields above indicat$1 w be sure to f9d _m new treasures4 ,l',,envoi4 ,,photography--,a ,,pictorial ,,art4 ------- ,x is easi] to jape at ! light-be>+ goddess ?an to imitate h] works4 8,9 su* an age z ?is1 pa9t+ %\ld be und]/ood1 n look$ on ) bl9d wond]1 nor consid]$ only z poetic inspiration1 b z a pursuit1 legitimate1 sci5tific1 & me*anical40 ,,john ,,con/able4 ,l',,envoi4 ,,photography--,a ,,pictorial ,,art4 ,sid5ote3 ,! aim4 ,we wi% f ! fir/ to make x cle>ly und]/ood z to :at is our object 9 comp>+ photography ) ! o!r pictorial arts4 ,x is n to condemn any ( ! o!r arts z inadequate = arti/ic expression1 = we hold t good art1 z express$ ev5 by a lead p5cil1 is bett] ?an bad art express$ on ! l>ge/ ( canvases1 b our object is to inquire :at position ! te*nique ( photography takes :5 reg>d$ side by side ) ! me?ods & limits ( ea* ( ! pictorial arts4 ,sid5ote3 ,rock scrat*+s4 ,! e>lie/ pictorial expressions ( ! human m9d 71 z we all "k1 rude rock-scrat*+s 9 ! =m ( outl9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,outl9e draw+4 ,?is outl9e draw+ s]v$ ! e>lie/ nations1 z x /ill s]ves *ildr51 to express 9 a conv5tional way c]ta9 limit$ tru?s1 = ! p[] ( see+ & analyz+ nature is ( rec5t developm5t1 & is ev5 n[ f> f fully develop$4 ,keep+ ?is 9 m9d1 we mu/ nev]!less n all[ ourselves to despise ^! ef=ts ( ! undevelop$ m9d4 ,l9e draw+1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 has no?+ to d ) tone4 ,if y look at a l9e draw+ ( a figure by a great ma/]1 x sugge/s to y1 9 a c]ta9 limit$ way1 ! real ?+1 = ! l9es b\nd spaces1 h5ce !re is a sugge/ion ( ! solid figure4 ,) almo/ any m$ium1 ev5 ) p51 ink1 & pap]1 an arti/ w (t5 draw a subject 9 outl9e1 to see 8h[ x w come40 ,sculptors ne>ly always d ?is1 b ^! m5 d n consid] ^! outl9es z f9i%$ works1 b simply z an aid to _! "w1--m]e brief sket*es sugge/ive ( :at %all be4 ,( c\rse1 su* notes :5 done by a great arti/ become invaluable1 z sugge/+ great tru? ( impression4 ,yet !re are m5 :o seem to /op at ?is /age1 & revel 9 8beauty ( l9e10 or else !y elaborate ^! draw+s until !y pass beyond ! legitimate limits ( ! art by :i* !y are express$4 ,we w n[ briefly enum]ate ^! arts ) _! limitations4 ,sid5ote3 ,lead p5cil4 ,lead ,p5cil4--,! scale betwe5 ! :ite & black is v limit$1 =1 z any "o :o has drawn ) lead p5cil w rememb]1 ! l[e/ tones are grey z comp>$ ) dead black4 ,!y are also %9y because light is reflect$ by ! plumbago4 ,an arti/ c1 h[ev]1 express a sugge/ion ( tone )9 a limit$ scale1 &1 not)/&+ ?is limitation1 a fir/-rate lead p5cil draw+ may give a f> tru] impression ( nature ?an a bad pa9t+1 & w accord+ly rank high] arti/ically4 ,sid5ote3 ,p5 & ink4 ,p5 & ,ink4--,! scale 9 ?is case is also limit$ & !re c be no tone1 b an arti/1 by %ad+ c give an impression ( tone1 z c be se5 9 ! clev] draw+s by an arti/ 9 ! 8,g]man ,pun*40 ,( c\rse1 z 9 lead p5cil draw+s1 all subtle tonality is left out1 ! lighte/ tones be+ lo/ 9 :ite1 & ! d>ke/ 9 black1 b ! sugge/ion may be a tru?ful impression if well done1 & 9 su* cases ! "w comm&s ! greate/ respect1 rank+ f> high] ?an inf]ior "w done ) a m p]fect te*nique4 ,sometimes wa%es are add$ to p5-&-ink draw+s to increase ! impression ( tone4 ,"h1 aga91 ! bad craftsman goes beyond ! legitimate limits ( ! art1 by ! p5-r5d]+ detail1 & by ! wa%-r5d]+ tone1 impossibilities except 9 mono*rome "w4 ,we h se5 "s dete/able hybrids ( ?is class1 ! result ( ! missp5t en]gies ( amateurs & o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,*alk4 ,*alk4--,?is gives ! arti/ great] scope1 = 8 scale is great]1 &1 9 addition1 *alk is n %9y & unnatural4 ,?is mat]ial is g5]ally us$ = l>ge "w1 & is bett] suit$ to t purpose1 = ! l9e is n s regul> & has m ( ! decision & indecision ( a natural outl9e z se5 9 a figure /&+ aga9/ a backgr\nd4 ,by *oos+ an appropriately color$ *alk an arti/ c give a pot5t sugge/ion ( texture1 &1 !re=e1 ( tru?fulness4 ,*alk 0 =m]ly mu* us$ = /udies1 b *>coal has n[ l>gely tak5 its place4 ,sid5ote3 ,li?ography4 ,li?ography4--,9 ?is art a peculi> /one is *os51 :i* has an aff9ity = wat] & grease4 ,! /one is drawn ^u ) a greasy1 specially prep>$ li?ographic ink4 ,f ?is _m copies c be tak54 ,= reproduc+ *alk draw+s ! me?od is work$ a little diff]5tly4 ,x is ( little use n[ = orig9al "w1 on acc\nt ( ! introduction ( ! *eap]1 m c]ta91 & m beautiful photographic processes4 ,we are all only too well acqua9t$ ) ! outcome ( ?is process ( li?ography1 *romo-li?ographs1--mon/rosities :i*1 x is ne$less to say1 d n ent] into ! category ( ! f9e arts4 ,*romo-li?ography1 h[ev]1 has a comm]cial value1 be+ v useful 9 ! reproduction ( patt]ns1 c4 ,sid5ote3 ,l9e engrav+4 ,engrav+4--,?is is draw+ on metal ) a bur9 9 a special mann]2 t is by pu%+ ! bur9 away f ! op]ator4 ,consid]able pressure mu/ be ex]t$2 & x is evid5t t l9es cut 9 ?is way mu/ be =mal4 ,x is1 p]haps1 = ?is reason t x is sc>cely ev] us$ = orig9al "w1 b only = copy+4 ,! scale 9 ?is case is limit$ betwe5 ! black ink & :ite pap]1 & is great] ?an 9 ! arts above dealt )2 b !re c be no subtleties ( tone4 ,engrav]s supply ?is sugge/ion ( tone by cross-hat*+1 & s sugge/ a natural impression1 z c be se5 9 "s ( ! l&scapes engrav$ f nature by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,p]sonally we are b v little int]e/$ 9 engrav+ ap>t f its hi/orical int]e/4 ,arti/ically1 ! e>ly "w ( ,dur]1 & "s ( t ( ! s-call$ 8little ma/]s0 is1 9 our op9ion1 ! be/ ev] done4 ,all ! "w--& !re is mu* ( x--:i* has ov]/epp$ ! n>r[ limits ( ! art ( l9e engrav+ is to u di/a/eful1 because x c\ld h be5 s mu* bett] express$ by o!r me?ods4 ,engrav+ ) a bur91 ev5 :5 assi/$ by dry po9t "w1 is always h>d1 =mal1 textureless1 & )\t tonal subtlety2 :ile ! quality ( mod]n engrav+s1 by :i* popul> editions ( well-kn[n au?ors are illu/rat$1 is to u positively unpleas+ & false4 ,!re is at ! pres5t day a vigor\s attempt to bol/] up engrav+1 & give x a fictiti\s value1 b we feel sure x is doom$4 ,su* a n>r[1 limit$1 untrue me?od ( expression c\ld nev] live beyond ! day ( necessity1 :5 !re 0 no bett] mode ( expression4 ,t day is already pa/1 z !re exi/ m complete me?ods4 ,a good p5-&-ink "w by ,du ,mauri] is1 arti/ically1 f> bett] ?an any engrav+ ,c\s9s ev] did2 & z = ! fe>ful trave/ies expos$ = sale 9 deal]'s w9d[s1 we c only wond] :o buys !m4 ,p]haps ! same mild imbeciles :o collect 8old engrav+s0 promiscu\sly1 n = any art qualities !y possess1 = ! be/ ( !m are bad 9 _m ways1 b 9 ord] to collect1 & appe> le>n$ 787 & arti/ic 787 to _! less gift$ 79 purse7 bre?r54 ,( all ! pa9t]s & sculptors we h kn[n1 we h nev] f\nd "o really int]e/$ 9 ! class ( engrav+s we are n[ describ+4 ,/ippl+1 or engrav+ 9 dots1 seems to u a yet worse device ?an cross-hat*+4 ,x is done ) prep>$ ne$les1 or a too!d :eel call$ a r\lette4 ,/ippl+ 0 by ,b>tolozzi & o!rs comb9$ ) et*+1 & a hybrid 0 produc$ :i*1 l all hybrids1 0 doom$ to ext9ction4 ,z comp>$ ) photo-et*+ = ! reproduction ( pictures1 no "o b a fanatic w\ld ma9ta9 its sup]iority4 ,by us+ or?o*romatic plates relatively1 true values or tone1 & true texture c be r5d]$1 & no translator /eps 9 to add to1 or subtract f1 ! orig9ality ( ! "w4 ,! /ud5t w soon f9d z he /udies nature & ! be/ art toge!r1 t l9e engrav+ is b a sorry me?od1 its artificiality w soon disgu/ him1 & no "o ) any real insight into ! my/]ies ( nature c d]ive mu* pleasure f engrav+s1 except1 p]haps1 f "s ( ! be/ ( ! simple l9e engrav+s1 su* z "s ( ,dur]'s works4 ,sid5ote3 ,wood engrav+4 ,wood engrav+4--,9 wood cutt+ ! p>ts left uncut pr9t d>k1 & ^? t are holl[$ out or cut away d n pr9t at all2 ?us1 ! :ite is cut out f a d>k gr\nd4 ,! workman cuts ) special grav+ tools on a block ( box-wood1 cut sectionally4 ,dur]'s woodcuts are simply draw+s on wood1 p>ts ( ! wood be+ cut away1 = 9 ?is way _m c\ld be readily pr9t$4 ,!y 7 simply fac-similes ( ! l9es ( ,dur]'s draw+1 & _h no arti/ic aim ( _! own4 ,sid5ote3 ,bewick4 ,) ,bewick1 h[ev]1 ! matt] 0 diff]5t4 ,he saw ! limits ( wood engrav+1 & kept resolutely )9 ^? limits1 l ! true arti/ he 04 ,sid5ote3 ,am]ican wood engrav]s4 ,) ,bewick ! flat black & :ite spaces 7 ! limitations1 z we consid] !y are & always w be = orig9al "w1 not)/&+ ! ,am]ican s*ool ( wood engrav+1 ( :i* we %all h some?+ to say pres5tly4 ,! scale 9 wood engrav+ is limit$ by ! ink & pap]1 & ! sugge/ion ( tone is got by repres5t+ ! light greys z :ite1 & ! d>k] d>ks z blacks4 ,!re is no subtle tonality 9 ,bewick's "w1 & ?\gh !re is mu* sugge/ion ( nature & tru?1 ! expression is limit$4 ,b "h1 z 9 o!r arts1 directly ! legitimate limit is ov]/epp$ ! "w becomes bad4 ,bewick1 ( c\rse1 & a few ( 8 pupils1 did orig9al "w1 b ! mod]n wood engrav]1 ?\gh he expresses great] subtlety ( tone1 is1 aft] all1 only a fac-simile work]4 ,9 ! ,am]ican magaz9es ! p]fection ( ?is fac-simile "w is to be se51 &1 9 our op9ion1 ?is s*ool />t$ ) ! int5tion ( imitat+ ! delicacies ( photography4 ,t su* "w is mo/ useful no "o c d\bt1 b 9 our op9ion x has out/epp$ ! prop] limits ( wood engrav+1 & !re=e no long] int]e/s u4 ,x mu/ n be =gott51 too1 t ! works are fac-simile "w & n orig9al4 ,9 fact1 a good fac-simile wood engrav] may be no arti/ at all4 ,x s]ves a c]ta9 use c]ta9ly1 b1 judg$ by arti/ic /&>ds1 an intaglio copp]-plate pr9t produc$ by photography is f> m satisfactory4 ,w\ld1 h[ev]1 t all ! art-craftsm5 :o "w 9 fac-simile1 kept up to ! /&>d ( ! ,am]ican engrav]s1 = ! feeble works ( ?is class to be se5 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! book & pap] illu/rations ( ! day are lam5table4 ,!y are trave/ies ( nature2 b :at m c be expect$ :5 a block is (t5 cut into sep>ate pieces1 & engrav$ by diff]5t workm58 ,lam5table1 too1 is x t _m a good photograph1 br\ght home by travell]s f abroad1 %\ld be bot*$ & ru9$ by ^! wood engrav]s4 ,a great deal ( cant has be5 talk$ lately ab\t ! h>m done to engrav+ by photography4 ,! h>m 0 done long ago1 :5 arti/s ceas$ to practise ! art ( engrav+ z an orig9al art1 z 0 done by ,bewick & "s few o!rs1 & :5 ! "w ( *eap reproduction fell into ! h&s ( craftsm54 ,if photographic processes d any?+1 !y w ei!r raise ! /&>d ( fac-simile art-craft by competition1 or1 :i* w\ld be1 p]haps1 z well1 kill x altoge!r4 ,= arti/s 9 wood engrav+ l ,bewick !re is always room2 & among ! fir/ to appreciate su* "w & to fo/] x1 w be ! arti/ :o works 9 photography2 he w und]/& ! limits ( ! art1 & appreciate any arti/ :o uses x arti/ically4 ,sid5ote3 ,et*+4 ,et*+4--,z ! public become m educat$ 9 art matt]s1 we f9d et*+ rapidly replac+ l9e engrav+1 j z we ?9k orig9al photo-et*+ w 9 "t replace et*+s4 ,et*+ is draw+ on z9c or copp] ) a ne$le1 ! plate be+ fir/ prep>$ ) a gr\nd1 ! nature ( :i* v>ies ) diff]5t practition]s4 ,wax1 burgundy pit*1 & asphaltum =m a common comb9ation = produc+ a gr\nd4 ,?is gr\nd is (t5 smok$ to produce a uni=m surface1 & !n ! arti/ sket*es on x z freely & lightly z he w\ld on pap]4 ,! l9es are aft]w>ds bitt5 9 by imm]s+ ! plate 9 acid4 ,"s et*]s ass]t t !y et* :il/ ! plate is 9 ! ba?1 b we _c imag9e su* a me?od be+ v successful1 = want ( prop] control ov] ! "w4 ,tone is produc$ by ?ickness ( l9es & by cross-hat*+1 & also by ! pr9t] 9 ! mann] ( wip+ ! plate1 & f9ally t\*es are (t5 add$ ) a dry po9t4 ,9 addition sep>ate bit+s c be giv5 to a plate by 8/opp+ out0 ! portion n requir+ fur!r bit+1 ) "s sub/ance :i* resi/s ! acid1 usually a v>ni%4 ,ano!r me?od is to silv] ! plate & cov] x ) a :ite wax gr\nd1 s t ! et*] gets a d>k l9e on a :ite surface4 ,! plate is f9ally cov]$ ) a ?9 coat+ ( /eel by electricity1 ?is process be+ call$ 8aci]age40 ,?is fac+ is giv5 to ! plate to resi/ ! we> & te> ( pr9t+4 ,et*+1 x w be se51 is f> m am5able to ! arti/'s w ?an l9e engrav+ & wood-cutt+4 ,/ill x has its limits1 = 9 x all ! subtleties ( tone are want+1 & !re is1 !re=e1 imp]fect modell+4 ,! values _c be relatively truly r5d]$1 nor is texture well r5d]$4 ,all ?is great arti/s h recogniz$ & h !re=e resolutely conf9$ !mselves )9 ! legitimate limits4 ,! ma/]s ( et*+1 z ,rembr&t 9 ! pa/ & ,:i/l] 9 ! pres5t day1 nev] try = delicacies ( tone 9 _! plates1 b by l9e & cross-hat*+1 l an arti/ 9 p5 & ink1 !y express !mselves1 & _! works are beautiful & priceless4 ,b z ) all ! o!r arts1 s ) et*+1 inf]ior m5 h tri$ by ?is me?od to rival m complete me?ods1 & ! result has be5 failure4 ,by complicat$ l9e "w & by pr9t+ flat tones1 et*]s are daily /riv+ to express 9 translation ! p]fect te*nique ( pa9t+1 & ! results are unsatisfactory4 ,"h1 aga91 we f9d t ! art-craftsm51 ! translators ( pictures1 & n orig9al arti/s1 are ! *ief s9n]s1 & ?is is a fact to be c>efully rememb]$4 ,a good et*+ by ,rembr&t or ,:i/l] gives u a satisfaction we _c well express2 b c>efully elaborat$ et*+s f pictures give u no satisfaction2 on ! contr>y1 !y h gone s f> t !y compel u to comp>e ! "w ) a m complete te*nique1 & ! result is great disappo9tm5t4 ,z m]e art-craft = ! translation ( pictures1 photo-et*+ w give et*+ po9ts 7po9ts n ( ta/e b ( arti/ic facts71 & beat x holl[1 z any fir/-rate judge w all[4 ,! be/ et*]s we h met are unanim\s 9 condemn+ elaborat$ "w 9 et*+1 & !y !mselves "w )9 ! limits ( its te*nique4 ,equally av]se are !y to ! hybrid process ( comb9+ et*+ ) photo-et*+1 a hybrid only practis$ by inf]ior m5 & appreciat$ by ! untra9$4 ,we mu/ n[ leave l9e "w1 = ?\gh1 z we h %[n1 v subtle sugge/ions ( tone c be obta9$ by ! use ( cross-hat*+1 /ill true tonality & modell+ _c be obta9$ by any save m p]fect me?ods4 ,directly an arti/ has a me?od by :i* he c express subtle tonality1 he has a great additional p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,*>coal4 ,*>coal4--,) ?is me?od ! scale is limit$ z ! black is n s deep z _m o!r blacks us$ 9 ! arts1 b by its means delicate tonality c be obta9$1 b n ! mo/ delicate4 ,! values too 9 a *>coal draw+ are n true = ?is reason1 because ! mo/ delicate light greys are lo/2 nei!r d we l ! texture x gives4 ,x is n true2 nev]!less ! result is (t5 v f9e4 ,we _h q lately ! opportunity ( comp>+ ! *>coal draw+ ( a v f9e subject ) nature1 & also ) a v f9e pa9t+ ( ! same subject1 & our op9ion is t ! *>coal draw+ sugge/$ ! sc5e bett] ?an any l9e me?od c\ld h done1 b ! sugge/ion 0 v f> (f ! sugge/ion (f]$ by ! pa9t+4 ,sid5ote3 ,mono*rome4 ,mono*rome ,pa9t+4--,a mono*rome pa9t+ may be 9 any col\r1 b s9ce ! scale is s limit$1 say 9 r$ = example1 & ! effect1 except = portraits1 is s incongru\s t no arti/ d>es use x4 ,indian ink & sepia are ! commone/ col\rs us$4 ,mono*rome pa9t+1 did x portray ! diff]5t col\rs1 w\ld foll[ ! same laws z pa9t+1 & w\ld h to be consid]$ f ! same /&-po9t4 ,!re9 !n lies ! diff]5ce1 a good arti/ may express mu* 9 mono*rome1 & give ! sugge/ion ( nature to a v great ext5t1 b he is limit$ by ?is me?od4 ,delicate tonality & modell+ c be obta9$1 b !re is an unnaturalness ( ! middle t9ts & an artificial look 9 ! textures4 ,not)/&+1 v f9e "w is done 9 ?is way1 especially by "s ( ! mod]n ,fr5* & ,dut* pa9t]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,aquat9t4 ,aquat9t1 z its "n implies1 is a =m ( engrav+ be/ suit$ to reproduce wat]-col\rs4 ,! plate is prep>$ 9 mu* ! same way z x is = photo-et*+1 ! acid bit+ betwe5 ! dots ( res94 ,?is me?od is n[ r>ely us$4 ,sid5ote3 ,mezzot9t4 ,mezzot9t4--,9 ?is process ! plate is r\gh5$ all ov] by an in/rum5t call$ a 8cradle0 or b]ceau4 ,?is is really a broad *isel ) a cradle-%ap$ edge1 on :i* are small r\gh edges4 ,?is is work$ by ! h& all ov] ! plate until x is r\gh en\gh to hold ink4 ,! scale 9 ?is me?od is wide1 ! blacks be+ v deep4 ,! tones are =m$ by scrap+ away ! ink by ! engrav]1 ! highe/ light be+ ! deepe/4 ,x gives a v good tonality1 & is really ! only rival to photo-et*+1 b ! plate w n la/ well1 ?irty good pr9ts (t5 be+ all t c be tak5 f a plate4 ,! engrav]1 too1 has n suffici5t control ov] 8 "w4 ,z a rule x is only us$ = fac-simile "w1 & n = orig9al "w4 ,x w 9 our op9ion be ! la/ =m ( engrav+ to succumb to photo-et*+4 ,x is bett] suit$ = portraiture ?an l&scape "w2 ! mezzot9ts f ,con/able's pa9t+s are v feeble & untrue4 ,sid5ote3 ,photography4 ,photography4--,n[ we come to photography1 :i* possesses a te*nique m p]fect ?an any ( ! arts yet treat$ (4 ,photography1 9 fact1 /&s at ! top ( ! tone class ( me?ods ( expression2 s ne>ly p]fect is its te*nique t 9 "s respects x may be comp>$ ) ! col\r class4 ,! scale "h1 too1 is limit$1 b less s ?an t ( any o!r black & :ite me?od4 ,its draw+ is all b absolutely correct1 t is if ! l5ses are prop]ly us$1 z has be5 %[n4 ,x r5d]s ! values relatively correct if or?o*romatic plates are us$1 & x r5d]s texture p]fectly4 ,its "o limitation is t x mu/ always be work$ f models2 b f :at we h already said1 we consid] ?is no limit ( consequ5ce :5 ! end 9 view is arti/ic expression4 ,:51 on ! o!r h&1 ! end 9 view is utilit>ian1 ?is is1 9 c]ta9 cases1 a limitation1 b z we are consid]+ x only z a me?od = arti/ic expression1 we d n n[ consid] t side ( ! "q4 ,z a facsimile me?od1 x is unrivall$1 = "s ( ! art-craftsm5 :o h work$ 9 ?is direction h s p]fect$ x t little n[ rema9s to be done s f> z copp]plate "w goes1 ?\gh mu* rema9s to be done 9 connection ) delicate blocks = ! pr9t+-press4 ,z a record] ( sci5tific facts & z an adjunct to ! travell]1 x has no equal1 = no?+ ne$ be all[$ = ! p]sonal equation ( ! individual4 ,its imm5se value 9 all ! sci5ces & arts has be5 t\*$ ^u4 ,critics oppos$ to photography1 & !y are n[-a-days ! old & prejudic$1 are fond ( cit+ ,mr4 ,p4 ,g4 ,ham]ton's reasons = n consid]+ photography "o ( ! pictorial arts4 ,"s ( 8 argum5ts 7 p]fectly admissible :5 he wrote !m1 b z he has n tak5 ! tr\ble to correct !m s9ce1 we suppose he /ill re/s 9 ! fanci$ security ( hav+ sla9 photography = ev]4 ,b photography 0 n kill$ by ,mr4 ,ham]ton4 ,x c\ld n resi/ him !n1 = x 0 b a little *ild1 b n[ t x is well gr[n & c resi/ him x w d s ?r\gh u "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,mr4 ,ham]ton criticis$4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton says :5 any new art is "u consid]ation1 we mu/ ask1 8,c x int]pret nature8 ,c x express emotions8 ,c x express fact & tru? & poetry8 ,)9 :at limit c x d ^! ?+s8 & f9ally has any "o ) x express$ human k & feel+8 ,w x record ! results ( human obs]vation8 ,has x ev] be5 practis$ by great m51 or d !y pay mu* reg>d to x80 ,beg9n+1 !n1 ) "q ,i43-- ,c x int]pret nature8 ,yes1 t at any rate is ! op9ion ( m ?an "o good sculptor1 pa9t]1 & photograph]1 & plates c be produc$ :i* we *all5ge any "o to prove are n int]pretations ( nature 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,,ii4 ,c x express emotions8 ,yes1 & s fai?fully & subtilely t ! late ,*>les ,d>w9 us$ x to illu/rate f nature1 8 "w 8,on ! ,expression ( ,emotions 9 ,man & ,animals40 ,( ^! photographs tak5 by ,rejl&]1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 writes 9 ! "w m5tion$1 8,sev]al ( ! figures 9 ^! sev5 heliotype plates h be5 reproduc$ f photographs1 in/ead ( f ! orig9al negatives2 & !y are 9 consequ5ce some:at indi/9ct2 nev]!less1 !y are fai?ful copies1 & are mu* sup]ior = my purpose to any draw+1 h[ev] c>efully execut$40 ,,iii4 ,c x express fact & tru?8 ,yes1 & !re is no ne$ to say any m on ?is head1 except t x c express fact & tru? m p]fectly ?an any o!r black & :ite process4 ,x is n absolutely p]fect1 b no art is4 ,,iv4 ,)9 :at limits c x d ^! ?+s8 ,! answ] to ?is we h %[n 9 ?is "w4 ,v4 ,has x ev] be5 practis$ by great m58 ,yes1 & is practis$ n[ by _m ( our greate/ liv+ pa9t]s & sculptors1 ^: names we c\ld give4 ,sid5ote3 ,adam ,salomon's portraits4 ,m4 ,adam ,salomon1 a sculptor ( ability1 a ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r1 took ! photographic _w by /orm1 by 8 portraits exhibit$ at ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahfg1 & he cont9u$ to practise x up to )9 a %ort "t ( 8 dea?4 ,let ! be/ sculptors & pa9t]s be ask$ h[ !y reg>d photography--especially :5 !y are at "w on po/hum\s works4 ,f9ally we w give "h an op9ion on photography z writt5 by an able l&scape pa9t]--namely1 ,t4 ,f4 ,goodall4 8,photography has und\bt$ly play$ an important "p 9 ! developm5t ( mod]n art1 bo? 9 figure & l&scape4 ,9 l&scapes we are incl9$ to ?9k t ! influ5ce ( photography 0 = a "t hurtful1 = ?is reason1 pa9t]s 7 apt to emulate ! detail ( ! photograph1 & lose ! bread? ( man's view ( ,nature 9 consequ5ce4 ,!y did n take into acc\nt ! fact t ! l5s commonly us$ 0 a m p[]ful me*anism ?an ! human eye1 or t x reproduc$ at once e detail ( a sc5e ) m di/9ctness on ! plate ?an ! eye w\ld on ! ret9a1 ev5 if ! att5tion 0 conc5trat$ on "o "p only at a "t1 & t !re=e ! result+ picture 0 n a true repres5tation ( ,nature1 z impress$ on ! m9d by human vision4 ,b = arti/ic purposes ?is may be rem$i$1 & x appe>s to u t photograph]s mu/ take ! po9t into consid]ation if !y w\ld use ! cam]a z a means ( arti/ic expression4 ,hi!rto ! *ief aim ( ! photograph] seems to h be5 a bit+ %>pness ( detail 9 ! negative1 :i* is g5]ally q fatal to ! result f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 = 9 bread? lies ! beauty & s5tim5t ( l&scape4 ,to produce a picture ! photograph] mu/ select 8 l5s & adju/ 8 focus1 s z to get an expression z ne>ly id5tical ) ! visual "o z possible1 & he mu/ pr9t 9 su* good tone z w give ! close/ approximation to ! values 9 nature4 ,9 all ^! matt]s ! result w dep5d on ! ta/e & intellig5ce ( ! au?or1 & be> ! impress ( 8 m9d4 ,if t be commonplace1 8 negative w be s also2 if arti/ic1 s w be 8 picture4 ,!re is no reason :y photography1 9 capable h&s1 may n be made a means ( int]pret+ nature second only 9 value to pa9t+ itself1 de/9$ to sup]s$e all o!r black & :ite me?ods 9 br++ an ext5d$ k ( & ta/e = art to ! masses ( ! p4 ,! prejudice exi/+ aga9/ photography arises f ! fact t hi!rto x has be5 work$ m]ely z a me*anical process2 b if by results x c %[ t x is wor?y1 x w rank z a f9e art4 ,dr4 ,em]son 0 ! fir/ to advocate rationally ! claims ( photography to ?is di/9ction1 &1 arti/s w admit1 has by 8 subsequ5t "w made good 8 position s f> z 8 own productions are conc]n$4 ,!re %\ld be a great future = photography if foll[$ on really arti/ic l9es4 ,x %\ld be hail$ z a mo/ p[]ful ally by ! mod]n s*ool ( pa9t+1 z by means ( x p may be taught to p]ceive h[ false are _m ( ! pictures !y believe 91 & h[ mu* m beautiful & int]e/+ is tru?4 ,f an art-educational po9t ( view its value c sc>cely be ov]rat$2 mu* has be5 done1 by photogravure & o!r processes ( reproduction1 to spread a k ( pictures1 & !re is no reason :y ! same me?ods %\ld n be us$ = orig9al "w4 ,a good photogravure is to be pref]r$ to a bad pa9t+ or second rate engrav+1 & is incomp>ably bett] ?an ! odi\s *romos & wret*$ pr9ts ) :i* s _m walls are disfigur$4 ,if1 in/ead ( be+ satisfi$ ) m]e topographical views or =egr\nd sket*es1 ! photograph] has cultivat$ arti/ic feel+1 means are at 8 comm& = communicat+ to o!rs :at has impress$ himself1 & he may produce "w ( p]man5t value4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on :at he f9ds to say & h[ he tells x4 ,if ! op]ator has arti/ic insight1 x w %[ itself 9 8 negative1 j z x w\ld on 8 canvas1 if he 7 a pa9t]4 ,! me*anical & *emical processes1 ! practical judgm5t necess>y 9 tim+ 8 exposures1 ! skill & k necess>y 9 develop+ 8 plates2 ^! are 8 te*nique2 b ! art value ( ! result w dep5d on :at he communicates to u by its aid4 ,z long z 8 ideas ( pictorial art are conf9$ 9 l&scape to views ( *ur*es & ru9s1 ru/ic bridges & wat]falls1 or topographical views ( ! haunts ( t\ri/s1 tak5 f ! guide-book po9t ( view1 & 9 figure to artificial compositions1 rem9d+ "o ( an amateur !atrical p]=mance1 s long w 8 "w be de/itute ( arti/ic qualities1 & !re=e valueless1 b if he br+s to 8 "w a g5u9e appreciation ( ! picturesque 9 l&scape & figure1 & a k ( h[ s to place a subject on 8 plate z to convey 8 impressions to o!rs1 he may produce mo/ beautiful & m]itori\s results4 ,he mu/ le>n1 z ! pa9t] has to d1 to di/+ui% :at 9 nature is really suitable = pictorial purposes1 on acc\nt ( beauty ( =m1 or tone1 f :at m]ely gives him pleasure by "s quality :i*1 h[ev] impressive 9 nature1 x is n possible to transf] to canvas4 ,a picture be+ a design enclos$ by f\r /raight l9es1 c only please & impress by c]ta9 suitable decorative qualities 9 ! subject4 ,to "k :at w make a picture is "o ( ! mo/ difficult secrets 9 l&scape art2 kn[+ j h[ mu* ( a sc5e to take 91 :]e to beg9 & :]e to end1 decides :e!r ! result w c>ry a di/9ct & complete impression1 or be m]ely a haphaz>d /udy40 ,:at great arti/s else:]e h ?\ght ( photography is %[n by ! foll[+ extract f "o ( ,j4 ,f4 ,millet's lett]s to 8 fri5d ,feu>d5t4 ,aft] ask+ ,feu>d5t to br+ him "s photographs f ,italy1 ,millet cont9ues1 8,9 fact1 br+ :atev] y f9d1 figures & animals4 ,diaz's son1 ! "o :o di$1 br\ght "s v good ones1 %eep among o!r ?+s4 ,( figures1 take ( c\rse ^? t smack lea/ ( ! ,academy & ! model--9 fact all t is good1 anci5t or mod]n40 ,! daily use made ( photography by arti/s is ano!r pro( ( ! good op9ion 9 :i* x is held by !m4 ,y c\ld n get ^! m5 to say a ^w 9 fav\r ( *romo-li?ography1 because t is a hybrid craft ) few possibilities4 ,^! que/ions be+ dispos$ (1 we w proce$ to discuss an ass]tion ( ,mr4 ,ham]ton's1 t photography is l a reflection 9 a mirror4 ,n[ f :at we h %[n 9 ?is book1 means are at ! arti/'s comm& to influ5ce ! f9al picture 9 e /age ( its developm5t4 ,if an arti/ su* z ,c>olus ,duran1 say1 7 ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 photography1 & a craftsman1 l "o ( ! num]\s op]ators employ$ by ! l>ge photographic firms1 7 to be plac$ toge!r1 say on "o ( ! ,norfolk ,broads = a week1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,ham]ton's reflection !ory1 !y w\ld bo? return ) "w ( ! same quality1 diff]+ only 9 po9ts ( view2 = ,duran's reflections w\ld be ! same z ! craftsman's1 po9t ( view always except$4 ,a !ory t all[s su* an absurd application ne$s little comm5t1 "o rem>k only w we put =w>d4 ,9 :at ignorance ( optics ,mr4 ,ham]ton has all[$ himself to rema96 :5 e "o kn[s t a reflection 9 a mirror is a virtual image1 & does n exi/4 ,by pu%+ ?is !ory to its logical conclusion1 a monkey ) a cam]a c\ld produce z good pictures z ,mr4 ,ham]ton c\ld make ) ! same in/rum5t4 ,9 8,?\ghts on ,art0 ,mr4 ,ham]ton speci\sly comp>es photography ) pa9t+4 ,:y n comp>e x ) et*+8 ,x c nev] be comp>$ ) pa9t+ until photography 9 natural col\rs is an accompli%$ fact4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 aft] speak+ ( ! limit$ scale ( light 9 all art1 goes on to say1 8,b look at poor photography's scale comp>$ ) ! scale 9 pa9t+40 ,j s1 b x has a mu* great] scale ?an any o!r black & :ite me?od1 f> great] ?an ! scale ( 8 pet et*+4 ,:y did he n /ate ?is8 ,:y did he ignore x8 ,fur!r on ,mr4 ,ham]ton enunciates t if we expose = ! glitt] ( ! sea1 ev]y?+ on ! bank w be )\t detail4 ,x is unnecess>y to say ?is is n s1 & any good photograph] c easily prove ?is /atem5t4 ,( c\rse ! only excuse = ^! untrue /atem5ts is t su* m>vell\s /rides h be5 made 9 :at is call$ 8in/antane\s photography0 s9ce ,mr4 ,ham]ton committ$ 8 la/ criticisms to pap] 79 #ahgc71 t probably he does n "k t photographs c n[ be tak5 at midnight by a fla% ( light 9 a fraction ( a second1 & ) v fair results1 z any "o c prove = himself4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton f9ds too t ! sum ( detail 9 good topographical draw+s is great] ?an t 9 a good photograph4 ,well1 ,mr4 ,ham]ton may d s1 j z "s p see gre5 z r$1 b all good photograph]s w laugh at ! /atem5t1 & we *all5ge ,mr4 ,ham]ton t we w produce a great] sum ( detail 9 a photograph ( a set subject ?an he w by any am\nt ( draw+1 & consid] x no great feat ei!r4 ,b ?is has no?+ to d ) ! arti/ic value ( photography1 or ) its comp>ison ) pa9t+4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton is "h comp>+ x ) ar*itectural draw+4 ,mr4 ,ham]ton next says ! draw+ ( m\nta9s is false 9 photography4 ,if t 7 s 9 #ahfj1 x 0 ,mr4 ,ham]ton's fault = ignorantly us+ 8 l5s1 =1 z we h %[n1 l5ses are true p]spective del9eators if correctly us$4 ,f9ally ,mr4 ,ham]ton1 9 #ahgc1 sums up 8 objections to photography f ! purely arti/ic po9t1 z foll[3-- ,i4 8,x is false 9 local col\r1 putt+ all ! lights & d>ks ( natural col\r+ out ( tone40 ,) ! aid ( or?o*romatic plates x does no su* ?+1 z any read] c prove = himself by gett+ a *romograph ) yell[1 r$1 blue1 or any o!r bright col\rs1 photograph$ by ,mr4 ,dixon1 ( #aab1 ,albany ,/reet1 ,london4 ,,ii4 8,x is false 9 light1 n be+ able to make ^? subdivisions 9 ! scale :i* are necess>y to relative tru?40 ,?is is n s4 ,x is false 9 light s f> z all art is false 9 light1 b photography c make m subtle di/9ctions 9 ! scale ?an any o!r kn[n black & :ite me?od4 ,,iii4 8,x is false 9 p]spective1 & consequ5tly 9 ! proportions ( =ms40 ,x is n4 ,?is rem>k convicts ,mr4 ,ham]ton ( ignorance ( optics & ! prop] use ( photographic l5ses4 ,vide ,cap4 ,,ii4 ,,iv4 8,its lit]alness1 incapacity ( selection1 & emphasis1 are antagoni/ic to ! arti/ic _s40 ,photography is n lit]al1 z ! flexible te*nique %[s2 x is capable ( selection almo/ to any ext5t1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 x is incapable ( leav+ out a tree1 & putt+ 9 an imag9>y man4 ,:at an incapacity = emphasis means1 we nei!r "k nor c>e to "k4 ,sid5ote3 ,answ]s to o!r criticisms4 ,foll[+ 9 ,mr4 ,ham]ton's /eps o!r critics h rais$ _! objections to photography1 & ^! we %all discuss briefly4 8,a photograph10 x has be5 said1 8%[s ! art ( nature r ?an ! art ( ! arti/40 ,?is is m]e nons5se1 z ! same rem>k might be appli$ equally well to all ! f9e arts4 ,nature does n jump into ! cam]a1 focus itself1 expose itself1 develop itself1 & pr9t itself4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! arti/1 us+ photography z a m$ium1 *ooses 8 subject1 selects 8 details1 g5]alizes ! :ole 9 ! way we h %[n1 & ?us gives 8 view ( nature4 ,?is is n copy+ or imitat+ nature1 b int]pret+ h]1 & ?is is all any arti/ c d1 & h[ p]fectly he does x1 dep5ds on 8 te*nique1 & 8 k ( ?is te*nique2 & ! result+ picture1 by :atev] me?od express$1 w be beautiful proportionately to ! beauty ( ! orig9al & ! ability ( ! arti/4 ,^! rem>ks apply equally to ! critics :o call pictures 8bits ( nature cut out40 ,!re is no ne$ to slay ! sla91 & give any fur!r answ] to ! objection t photography is a me*anical process1 if !re 71 x w\ld be en\gh to rem9d ! objectors t if tw5ty photograph]s 7 s5t to a di/rict ( limit$ area1 & told to take a giv5 composition1 ! result w\ld be tw5ty diff]5t r5d]+s4 ,photographs ( any arti/ic quality h individuality z mu* z any o!r works ( art1 & ( ! few photograph]s :o s5d arti/ic "w to our exhibitions1 we w\ld wag] to tell by :om ea* picture is done4 ,( c\rse1 ! ord9>y art-craftsman has no individuality1 any m ?an ! reproduc] ( an ar*itectural or me*anical draw+4 ,b :]e an arti/ uses photography to int]pret nature1 8 "w w always h individuality1 & ! /r5g? ( ! individuality w1 ( c\rse1 v>y 9 proportion to 8 capacity4 ,photography has be5 call$ an 8irresponsive m$ium40 ,?is is mu* ! same z call+ x a me*anical process1 &1 !re=e1 dispos$ (1 we v5ture to ?9k4 ,a great p>adox :i* has to be combatt$1 is ! assumption t because photography is n 8h&-"w10 z ! public say1--?\gh we f9d !re is v mu* 8h&-"w & head-"w0 9 x--!re=e1 x is n an ,art language4 ,?is is a fallacy born ( ?\ghtlessness4 ,! pa9t] le>ns 8 te*nique 9 ord] to speak1 & z m ?an "o pa9t] has told u1 8pa9t+ is a m5tal process10 & z = ! te*nique !y c\ld almo/ d t ) _! feet4 ,s ) photography1 speak+ arti/ically ( x1 x is a v sev]e m5tal process1 & taxes all ! arti/'s en]gies ev5 aft] he has ma/]$ 8 te*nique4 ,! po9t is1 :at y h to say1 & h[ to say x4 ,x w\ld be z reasonable to object to a poet pr9t+ 8 v]se 9 type in/ead ( writ+ x 9 old ,go?ic ) a quill p5 on asses' sk94 ,c\pl$ ) ?is accusation1 goes t ( want ( orig9ality4 ,! orig9ality ( a "w ( art1 x %\ld be ne$less to say1 ref]s to ! orig9ality ( ! ?+ express$ & ! way x is express$1 :e!r x be 9 poetry1 photography1 or pa9t+1 & ! orig9al arti/ is surely he :o seizes new & subtle impressions f nature1 8te>s !m =? f nature10 z ,dur] said1 & lays !m be=e ! _w by means ( ! te*nique at 8 comm&4 ,t "o te*nique is m difficult ?an ano!r to le>n1 no "o w d5y1 b ! greate/ ?\ghts h be5 express$ by means ( ! simple/ te*nique--namely writ+4 ,z we h %[n1 all arts are limit$1 "s 9 "o way1 "s 9 ano!r1 two limitations ( photography are t x 8_c express an int5tion0 & 8x mu/ take :atev] is be=e x40 ,we %all endeav\r to answ] ^! objections1 :i* we frankly all[ are ! only s]i\s objections to be br\ght aga9/ x4 8,x _c express an int5tion40 ,?is1 at fir/ sight1 seems an insup]able objection1 b on reflection x is no real objection at all :5 ! object ( photography is arti/ic expression4 ,z we po9t$ out 9 ,book ,i41 x is our op9ion t all ! be/ art has be5 done direct f nature1 & t no 8int5tion0 requires expression4 ,no arti/ wor?y ( ! "n ev] drew a picture evolv$ f 8 inn] consci\sness2 if x is a brief note to see h[ a ?+ w come2 x is ei!r f nature1 or f 8 remembrance ( nature4 ,! photograph] !n mu/ compose on 8 gr\nd glass or 9 nature1 or if he wants to see h[ x w come1 he too c draw ! l9es on 8 gr\nd glass4 ,b ! great po9t is1 su* draw+ is p]fectly unnecess>y = arti/ic purposes2 only = ar*itectural uses is x necess>y1 = ! ar*itect mu/ draw a plan ( 8 build+ be=e x c be built4 ,?is di/9ction has ei!r be5 ov]look$ or speci\sly suppress$ by ,mr4 ,ham]ton4 ,b !n we h no?+ to d ) ar*itectural draw+2 & if 9 ?is in/ance photography _c help ! ar*itectural draughtsman1 yet !re are hundr$s ( in/ances 9 sci5tific /udies 9 :i* no?+ c help s well z photography1 = example1 9 a/ronomy1 spectral analysis1 bact]iology1 c41 c4 ,f9ally1 we are n aw>e t sculpture c help ! ar*itectural draughtsman4 ,! second objection t ! cam]a w take ev]y?+ be=e x1 is n ( any vital importance4 ,x only makes ! field to select f m limit$1 & gives ! arti/ great] cr$it :5 he does a good ?+4 ,& if we are true to "o ( our pr9ciples1 namely1 t ! subject %\ld s /rike ! arti/ t he wi%es only to reproduce x1 x is no objection at all1 = a subject ) an eyesore m>r+ x w\ld n1 or %\ld n1 appeal to ! arti/ suffici5tly to make him wi% to reproduce x4 ,we w also give ! op9ion ( a pa9t] on ?is po9t4 ,mr4 ,goodall writes3--8,^! two subjects s]ve well to illu/rate h[ unnecess>y x is to alt] ! natural arrangem5t ( ?+s 9 ord] to make a picture4 ,al?\gh !y are lit]al transcripts1 x is h>d to f9d a l9e 9 !m :i* c\ld be alt]$ ) advantage4 ,! designs pres5t$ by nature ready made1 always int]e/ u f> m ?an ! artificial compositions ( pa9t]s :o pick & *oose1 arrange & alt]1 ! mat]ial ar\nd !m 9 con/ruct+ _! pictures4 ,:5 a picture is pat*$ toge!r1 z x 71 a bit "h & a bit !re1 :atev] ! ga9 9 composition1 !re is always a m ?an correspond+ loss 9 ^? little subtleties :i* give quality to ! "w4 ,if ! beauty ( a subject 9 nature does n appeal to ! pa9t] ) suffici5t =ce to make him wi% to pa9t x exactly z x is1 he _h bett] leave x alone altoge!r1 & seek "s o!r t does4 ,a man mu/ be mov$ too deeply by some?+ to dream ( improv+ x by alt]ations1 be=e he c possibly pa9t a really good picture40 ,b has n ?is v limitation its advantages z well z its disadvantages8 ,!re c be no scamp+ or di%one/ "w1 & ! arti/ mu/ always g to nature4 ,_h ! anci5t ,greeks kn[n & h&$ d[n photography--& a sculptor fri5d ( ours is incl9$ to ?9k !y did h some?+ ( ! k9d--!re w\ld n h foll[$ ! t]rible decad5ce 9 art :i* came aft] !m ow+ to ! neglect ( nature1 z we h %[n4 ,aga91 an imm5se p[] :i* photography possesses ov] any o!r art is ! rapidity ) :i* an effect c be secur$4 ,! pa9t] is limit$ to a portion ( ! day--8 effect is only pres5t at c]ta9 times1 or 8 model tires2 b ! arti/ work+ ) photography1 :5 he sees 8 effect is "r1 c secure x 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,?is advantage ov] all ! o!r arts f> outweighs ! limitation ( ! field ( selection4 ,x has be5 said1 8,! cam]a sees f> m ?an ! eye takes 9 at any giv5 mom5t1 & sees x ) an imp>tiality = :i* !re is no p>allel 9 ! human vision40 ,?is objection has be5 answ]$ 9 ! body ( ! "w2 x only holds true ) bad "w1 & ) t we are 9 no way conc]n$4 ,a k9dly critic1 :o did u ! hon\r ( review+ u 9 ! ,spectator1 said if our 8cont5tion 7 true1 pa9t+ w\ld h said its la/ ^w1 & sculpture w\ld no d\bt soon be sup]s$$ by "s me*anical contrivance1 :i* w\ld be to clay & m>ble :at ! cam]a is to plane surfaces40 ,n[ we mu/ break a lance ) ?is review] & g5tleman2 we wi% all review]s des]v$ ! la/ title4 ,we fail to see :y pa9t+ %\ld h said its la/ ^w--= our cont5tion is true--pace our review]4 ,! great fact ( col\r alone places true pa9t+ z a me?od ( expression f> above any o!r me?od4 ,:5 photographs c be tak5 9 natural col\rs1 !n w be ! "t to discuss ! probable dy+ groans ( pa9t+4 ,z to sculpture1 x seems to u useless to discuss ! m]its ( 8probable me*anical contrivances20 :5 !y are inv5t$ ! "t w come to discuss !m4 ,at pres5t ! only comp>ison t c be made is t betwe5 a ca/ (1 say1 a h& f life1 & a modell$ h&4 ,:5 ?is comp>ison is made1 ! 8ca/ f life0 w be f\nd poor & mean--x is n a true impression4 ,! modell$ h& may be s1 if ! sculptor is good4 ,x is ( c\rse ne$less to po9t out t ! pr9ciple ( tone holds 9 sculpture z 9 pa9t+1 b ! ca/ f life _c h subtleties ( tone = a v obvi\s physiological reason1 namely1 reflex action4 ,if y t\* a h& ) a =eign sub/ance1 reflex action is set up1 & !re is an alt]ation 9 ! heights & dep?s ( ! modell+1 & ! play ( light gives a diff]5t impression4 ,n[1 :5 a liv+ h& is cov]$ ) pla/] a r\gh model is obta9$--a model ( its /ructure m]ely1 & all ! subtleties ( tone are lo/4 ,^? subtleties w\ld1 h[ev]1 all be giv5 9 a photograph1 = no?+ is t\*$1 & a true impression is r5d]$ ( ! h&4 ,:at m hide\s trave/y ( nature is !re ?an a ca/ tak5 f a dead subject--! ca/ be+ m]ely an exagg]ation ( ! faults 9 a ca/ tak5 f life8 ,"h1 !n1 we mu/ leave photography at ! head ( ! me?ods = int]pret+ nature 9 mono*rome1 & we feel sure t any "o :o comes to ! /udy ( photography ) a rational & an unbiass$ m9d w admit !re is no case to be made out aga9/ x z a means ( arti/ic expression4 ,?is mu* has be5 all[$ by v _m ( our fri5ds1 :o are at ! same "t accompli%$ arti/s--et*]s1 pa9t]s1 & sculptors4 ,! /ud5t mu/ rememb]1 !n1 t a fir/-rate photograph1 l a fir/-rate p5cil draw+1 p5-&-ink draw+1 et*+1 or mezzot9t1 is f> & away sup]ior to a second-rate pa9t+4 ,! greate/ g5iuses 9 art w admire ! "o & w n tol]ate ! o!r2 b ! /ud5t mu/ also rememb] t a false 8picture0 is worse ?an no?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s ma/]s ( ! m9or arts4 ,! /ud5t %\ld acqua9t himself ) ! be/ specim5s ( ! v>i\s pictorial arts m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt]1 & he c d ?is ) little difficulty by obta9+ a ticket = ! pr9t-room at ! ,briti% ,museum2 :ile 9 ! prov9ces !re are no d\bt good specim5s at ! local gall]ies4 ,cambridge1 we "k1 is v ri* 9 ,rembr&t's "w4 ,! ma/]s 9 ea* dep>tm5t ^: "w we recomm5d = /udy are-- ,9 ,lead ,p5cil4--,h>d+ & ,bon+ton 9 ,engl&1 & ,+res 9 ,france4 ,p5 & ,ink4--,titian1 ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,rembr&t1 ,=tuny1 ,r\sseau1 abroad2 & among ,engli%m5--,lee*1 ,caldecott1 ,de ,mauri]4 ,*alk4--,da ,v9ci1 ,&rea del ,s>to1 ,rembr&t1 ,raphael1 ,titian1 ,con/able & ,millet4 ,li?ography4--,h>d+4 ,*romo-li?ography4--,greg4 ,l9e ,engrav+4--,alb]t ,dur]1 & ,c\s9s4 ,wood ,engrav+4--,bewick1 ,?ompson1 & ,l9ton4 ,facsimile ,wood ,engrav+4--8,! ,c5tury10 ,scribn]'s1 & ,h>p]'s ,magaz9es4 ,et*+4--,rembr&t1 ,millet1 ,m]yon1 ,rajon1 & ,:i/l]4 ,facsimile ,et*+4--,brunet-,deba9es4 ,*>coal4--,lh]mitte4 ,mono*rome ,pa9t+4--,mauve & ,rossi4 ,mezzot9t4--,turn]'s & ,lupton's reproductions ( "s ( ! plates ( ,turn]'s 8,lib] ,/udiorum10 ,smi?'s reproductions ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds' pictures1 & ,lucas' plates aft] ,con/able4 ,photography4--,adam ,salomon1 ,rejl&]1 & ,mrs4 ,cam]on4 ,photogravure 9 facsimile4--,a4 ,dawson1 ,w4 ,colls1 & ,scamoni4 ,sid5ote3 ,f9al4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t wat]-col\r draw+ & et*+ h bo? be5 despis$ 9 _! "t by arti/s1 deal]s1 & ! public1 b !y h liv$ to conqu] = !mselves places ( hon\r4 ,! promis+ "y goddess1 photography1 is b fifty ye>s old4 ,:at prophet w v5ture to ca/ h] horoscope = ! ye> #bjjj8 ,,app5dix4 8,v few poets get _! inspiration f nature4 ,! majority ( !m h read o!r poets1 & !y use ! same ideas1 clo!d 9 diff]5t language4 ,! pa9t] has to g directly to nature1 or he is a m]e copyi/4 ,he _c pa9t 8 picture l somebody else4 ,he mu/ tell 8 own /ory if he has any to tell4 ,please to look out ( ! w9d[6 ,y'll get some?+ diff]5t f :at y get out ( books1 = x nev] has be5 se5 be=e60 ,w4 ,,hunt4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,sid5ote3 ,books on art4 ,we are cont9ually receiv+ lett]s f correspond5ts ask+ u to recomm5d !m "s books on art4 ,n[ we c deeply sympa?ize ) ^! e>ne/ fell[-work]s1 = at "o p]iod we wa/$ mu* "t 9 vexation ( m9d 9 read+ ! works ( 8self-appo9t$ prea*]s1 :o knew _m ?+s save _! subject40 ,:5 we endeav\r$ to le>n some?+ ( art we put ! v same "q to our tea*]s1 & ! answ] came1 8,!re is no?+ wor? read+2 "s good ?+s h be5 writt5 by pa9t]s b !y are old n[1 = art has develop$ greatly ( late ye>s1 "o ?+ only we c advise y1 don't read any?+ n writt5 by a practical man40 ,:5 we came to consid] ! writ+s ( arti/s1 we f\nd t b v little _h be5 writt5 by !m1 & we c only repeat to ! /ud5t1 ) ! full conviction ( exp]i5ce1 t he mu/ read no?+ save t writt5 by practical arti/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,te*nique & ,practice ( art4 ,! te*nique & practice ( art c be taught 9 /udios1 & its pr9ciples c be sci5tifically record$1 b ! poetry ( art _c be taught1 only h9ts c be ?r[n out4 ,! poetic qualities :i* make an arti/ z di/+ui%$ f ! craftsman are born 9 a man & _c be acquir$ by any am\nt ( tra9+4 ,x is = ?is reason we mu/ suppose t arti/s h1 z a rule1 ?r[n out sugge/ions & h9ts r ?an enunciat$ any laws3 ^! h9ts & sugge/ions1 !n1 c\pl$ (t5 ) ! rhapsodies ( lit]>y m51 =m ! body ( all writ+s on art4 ,! only books we "k ( f :i* ! /ud5t w d]ive "s b5efit are ,leslie's 8,life ( ,john ,con/able40 ,sid5ote3 ,books recomm5d$4 ,william ,hunt's 8,talks ab\t ,art40--,?is excell5t little book is (t5 contradictory & illogical1 b nev]!less we he>tily recomm5d x4 ,sid5ote3 ,photographic libr>ies4 ,9 ! body ( ?is "w we spoke ( recomm5d+ a few books :i* e photograph] %\ld h 9 8 libr>y1 & if he has no libr>y he %\ld at once make a mode/ beg9n+4 ,! libr>y is1 to ! intellectual man1 ! arm\ry :]e9 are kept ! arms :i* he mu/ wield 9 ! battle = tru?4 ,e photographic society 9 ! _w1 wor?y ( ! "n1 %\ld collect all j\rnals1 pamphlets1 & books be>+ on photography1 z well z all books illu/rat$ by photography & photographic processes4 ,scrap-books %\ld be kept 9 :i* are pa/$ all newspap] & magaz9e articles on photographic subjects4 ,photography is b "y1 & !re is pl5ty ( "t to make su* a collection complete4 ,if all ! num]\s societies subscrib$1 x might be wor? :ile to repr9t :ole volumes ( r>e j\rnals4 ,! num]\s photographic societies 9 ?is c\ntry c\ld easily get libr>y subscriptions1 or ev5 organize ent]ta9m5ts among/ _! memb]s & fri5ds to procure ! necess>y funds = a libr>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,books recomm5d$4 ,! ,cam]a ,club has set an admirable example 9 ?is direction :i* w no d\bt be foll[$4 ,among ! books we %\ld recomm5d ! /ud5t to beg9 ) are-- ,capta9 ,abney's ,treatise on ,photography1 ,longman & ,co4 ,pr(essor ,tyndall's ,lectures on ,light1 ,longman & ,co4 ,dr4 ,lmm]'s ,optics & ,light ,int]national ,dr4 ,vogel's ,*emi/ry ( ,light & ,sci5ce ,photography ,s]ies4 ,! late ,mr4 ,sawy]'s ,,abc ( ,c>bon ,pr9t+4 ,! ,autotype ,company4 ,dr4 ,ed]'s ,mod]n ,dry ,plates1 ,pip]1 ,c>t]1 & ,co4 ,dr4 ,ganot's ,physics1 ,longman & ,co4 ,pr(essor ,roscoe's ,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry1 ,macmillan4 ,! late ,pr(essor ,bloxham's ,laboratory ,tea*+1 ,macmillan4 ,messrs4 ,h>dwi* & ,taylor's ,photographic ,*emi/ry1 ,*ur*ill4 ,mr4 ,j]ome ,h>rison's ,hi/ory ( ,photography1 ,trbn] & ,co4 ,dr4 ,wilson's edition ( ,burnet's ,treatise on ,pa9t+4 ,?is book c be obta9$ ( ,messrs4 ,lund & ,co41 ,/4 ,john ,/reet1 ,brad=d4 ,! late ,mr4 ,bad5 ,prit*>d's ,photographic ,/udios ( ,europe1 ,pip]1 ,c>t]1 & ,co4 ,mr4 ,bolas' ,cantor ,lectures on ,photo-me*anical ,processes1 ,pip]1 ,c>t]1 & ,co4 ,mr4 ,hodgson's ,mod]n ,me?ods ( ,book ,illu/ration4--,mr4 ,hodgson's 0 ! fir/ book on photo-me*anical processes1 & x /ill rema9s "o ( ! be/4 ,dr4 ,liesgang's ,manual ( ,c>bon ,pr9t+1 ,sampson ,l[ & ,co4 ,messrs4 ,wel=d & ,/urmey's ,photograph]'s ,indisp5sable ,h&book4 ,iliffe & ,son4 ,mr4 ,*apman ,jones' ,sci5ce & ,practice ( ,photography4 ,iliffe & ,son4 ,trait ,encyclopdique de ,photographie1 p> ,dr4 ,*>les ,fabre4 ,p>is1 ,gau?i]-,vill>s4 --------------------- ,,app5dix ,,ii4 -------------- ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,art4 7,a ,pap] read at ! ,cam]a ,club ,conf]5ce1 held 9 ! rooms ( ! ,society ( ,arts1 ,london1 on ,m>* #bf?1 #ahhi47 ,,mr4 ,,presid5t1 ,,ladies1 ,,& ,,fell[-,,photograph]s1--,be=e beg9n+ ?is pap] ,i w\ld fa9 ask ( y two ?+s1--y\r att5tion & y\r *>ity1 b especially y\r *>ity4 ,! reception :i* y accord me1 ladies & g5tlem51 assures me y w give bo?1 & ,i ?ank y be=eh&4 ,s9ce all m5tal progress consi/s1 z ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] has %[n1 = ! mo/ "p 9 diff]5tiation1--t is 9 ! analysis ( an unkn[n complex into kn[n compon5ts1--surely x 7 a folly to confuse any long] ! aims ( ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,r %\ld we endeav\r to draw an indelible l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 !m1 = 9 ?is way we make m5tal progress1 & ,sci5ce & ,art at ! same "t beg9 to ga!r toge!r _! scatt]$ =ces1 ea* "o tak+ "u its /&>d ^? p[]s t belong to x1 & ?us becom+ integrat$1 & necess>ily /rong] & m p]man5t2 = evolution is integration & diff]5tiation pass+ into a coh]5t het]og5eity4 ,n[1 ,i d n mean to premise t ?is confusion betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,art exi/s ev]y:]e1--x does n4 ,b ,i feel sure t x exi/s l>gely 9 ! ev]-increas+ body ( p]sons :o practise photography4 ,! majority ( !m h n ?or\ghly1 nay1 n ev5 adequately1 ?\ght ! matt] out4 ,x is obvi\s !n1 accord+ to ! tea*+s ( evolution1 t1 if we are to make progress1 ?is diff]5tiation mu/ be made1 ?or\ghly und]/ood1 & rigidly adh]$ to by e practition] ( photography4 ,ea* "o mu/ h 8 aim cle>ly /amp$ ^u 8 m9d1 :e!r x be ! advancem5t ( ,sci5ce or ! creation ( works ^: aim & end is to give /hetic pleasure4 ,proce$ we n[ to analyze ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! aims & ends ( ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,let u fir/ approa* ! subject f ! sci5tific /&po9t4 ,assum+ t we h be=e u a liv+ man1 let u proce$ toge!r to /udy him sci5tifically1 = ! nonce imag9+ our m9ds to be virg9al tablets1 )\t score or scrat*4 ,let u proce$ fir/ to record ! col\r ( 8 sk91 8 hair & eyes1 ! texture ( 8 sk91 ! relative positions ( ! v>i\s orifices 9 8 face1 ! numb] ( 8 limbs1 ! v>i\s measurem5ts ( all ^! memb]s4 ,s we g on integrat+ & diff]5tiat+ until we f9d t we h actually built up a sci5ce1--e?nology4 ,if we pursue ! /udy1 & beg9 to comp>e diff]5t races ( m5 ) ea* o!r1 we f9d our e?nology ext5ds to a m complex an?ropology4 ,we next obs]ve t ! eyelids op5 & close1 ! lips op51 s\nds issue f ! m\?1 & our curiosity leads u to dissect a dead subject1 & we f9d t b5ea? ! sk91 fat1 & sup]ficial fasci !re are muscles1 ea* suppli$ ) vessels & n]ves4 ,we trace ^! vessels & n]ves to _! common orig9s1 & are l$ to ! he>t & bra94 ,9 %ort1 we f9d ! sci5ce ( anatomy gr[s up "u our h&s1 & if we g on ) our /udies we are l$ into microscopy4 ,!n we beg9 to pond] on ! reasons :y ! blood fl[s1 on ! reasons :y ! corrugator sup]cilii & depressores anguli oris act 9 weep+1 ! musculus sup]bus 9 practical arrogance1 & ! levator anguli oris 9 sn>l+ or sne]+4 ,s we g on /udy+ ! functions ( all ! organs we f9d 9 our man1 & lo6 we are deep 9 physiology2 & if we g deeply en\gh we f9d ! ?read lo/ 9 ! mo/ complex problems ( organic *emi/ry & molecul> physics4 ,& s we might g on /udy+ ?is man2 & if our lives 7 long en\gh1 & if we _h capacity en\gh1 we %\ld be l$ ?r\gh a /udy ( ?is man to a k ( all physical ph5om5a1 s wond]ful & beautiful is ! all-p]vad+ pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy1 & s inde/ructible is matt]4 ,z we proce$$ ) our /udies we %\ld h be5 obs]v+1 record+1 posit+ hypo!ses1 & ei!r prov+ or disprov+ !m4 ,9 all ^! ways we %\ld h be5 add+ to ! sum ( k4 ,& 9 ! greate/ /eps we made 9 our advancem5t we %\ld h made use ( our con/ructive imag9ation1--! highe/ intellectual p[]1 accord+ to rec5t psy*ologi/s4 ,! results ( ^! inve/igations1 if we 7 wise1 w\ld h be5 record$ 9 ! simple/ & t]se/ language possible1 = su* is ! language ( ,sci5ce4 ,x is ne$less to po9t out t 9 ^! records ( our /udies1 z 9 ! records ( all sci5tific /udies1 too _m facts c\ld n possibly be regi/]$4 ,e little fact is welcome 9 sci5tific /udy1 s long z x is true4 ,& ?us ! humble/ sci5tific work] may help 9 ! great "w2 8 mite is always acceptable4 ,su* is1 alas6 n ! case ) t jeal\s goddess1 ,art3 %e w h no?+ to d ) m$iocrity4 ,a bad "w ( art has no raison-d'tre2 x is worse ?an useless1--x is h>mful4 ,to sum up1 !n1 8,sci5ce10 z ,pr(essor ,huxley says1 8is ! k ( ! laws ( ,nature obta9$ by obs]vation1 exp]im5t1 & reason+4 ,no l9e c be drawn betwe5 common k ( ?+s & sci5tific k2 nor betwe5 common reason+ & sci5tific reason+4 ,9 /rictness1 all accurate k is ,sci5ce1 & all exact reason+ is sci5tific reason+4 ,! me?od ( obs]vation & exp]im5t by :i* su* great results are obta9$ 9 ,sci5ce is id5tically ! same z t :i* is employ$ by e "o1 e day ( 8 life1 b ref9$ & r5d]$ precise40 ,n[ let u turn to ,art1 & look at our imag9>y man f ! arti/ic /&po9t4 ,assum+ t we h le>n$ ! te*nique ( "s me?od ( arti/ic expression1 & t is "p ( ! sci5ce we require1 we w proce$ ) our "w4 ,let u look at ! figure be=e u f ! sculptor's po9t ( view4 ,n[ :at is our m5tal attitude8 ,we no long] c>e = _m ( ! facts t vitally int]e/$ u :5 we 7 /udy+ ! man sci5tifically2 we c>e little ab\t 8 anatomy1 less ab\t 8 physiology1 & no?+ at all ab\t organic *emi/ry & molecul> physics4 ,we c>e no?+ = 8 morality1 8 ?\ghts1 8 habits & cu/oms1--8 sociological hi/ory1 9 fact2 nei!r d we c>e ab\t 8 e?nological *>act]s4 ,if he be a good model1 x matt]s little :e!r he be ,greek1 ,italian1 or ,circassian4 ,b we d c>e1 above all1 = 8 type1 8 build1 & ! grace ) :i* he comports himself2 = our aim is to make a /atue l him1 a /atue possess+ qualities t %all give /hetic pleasure4 ,= ! raison-d'tre ( a "w ( art ends ) itself2 !re %\ld be no ult]ior motive beyond ! giv+ ( /hetic pleasure to ! mo/ cultivat$ & s5sitively ref9$ natures4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 we mu/ d is to sit 9 judgm5t on our model4 ,w he d = ! purpose8 ,are 8 features suitable8 ,is he well modell$ 9 all p>ts8 ,does he move easily & ) grace8 ,if he fulfils all ^! conditions we take him4 ,!n we wat* 8 movem5ts & seize on a beautiful pose4 ,n[ ) our clay we beg9 to model him4 ,z we g on ) our "w we beg9 to see t x is utt]ly impossible to record all ! facts ab\t him ) our mat]ial1 & we soon f9d x is undesirable to d s1--nay1 p]nici\s4 ,we _c model ^? hundr$s ( f9e wr9kles1 ^? ?\s&s ( hairs1 ^? myriads ( pores 9 ! sk9 t we see be=e u4 ,:at1 !n1 mu/ we d8 ,we obvi\sly select "s1--! mo/ sali5t1 if we are wise1--& leave out ! re/4 ,all at once ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,art dawns ^u u4 ,we _c record too _m facts 9 ,sci5ce2 ! few] facts we record 9 ,art1 & yet express ! subject s t x _c be bett] express$1 ! bett]4 ,all ! greate/ arti/s h left out z mu* z possible4 ,!y h endeav\r$ to give a f9e analysis ( ! model1 & ! ,greeks succe$$4 ,x is beside ! "q to %[ h[ ,sci5ce has ex]cis$ an injuri\s influ5ce ^u c]ta9 s*ools 9 art2 b t w\ld be v easy to d4 ,at ! same "t1 ! be/ ,art has be5 f\nd$ on sci5tific pr9ciples1--t is1 ! physical facts h be5 true to nature4 ,to sum up1 !n1 ,art is ! selection1 arrangem5t1 & record+ ( c]ta9 facts1 ) ! aim ( giv+ /hetic pleasure2 & x diff]s f ,sci5ce fundam5tally1 9 t z few facts are compatible ) complete expression are *os51 & ^! are arrang$ s z to appeal to ! emotional side ( man's nature1 :]eas ! sci5tific facts appeal to 8 intellectual side4 ,b1 z 9 _m errone\s ideas t h _h curr5cy = long1 !re lurks a g]m ( tru?1 s !re lurks /ill a leav5 ( ,art 9 ,sci5ce & a leav5 ( ,sci5ce 9 ,art2 b 9 ea* ^! leav5+s are subord9ate1 & n at ! fir/ blu% appreciable4 ,= example1 9 ,sci5ce ! facts c be record$ or demon/rat$ ) selection1 arrangem5t1 & lucidity2 t is1 ! leav5 ( ,art 9 ,sci5ce4 ,:il/ 9 ,art ! physical facts ( nature mu/ be tru?fully r5d]$2 t is1 ! leav5 ( ,sci5ce 9 ,art4 ,& s we see !re is a relation%ip betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,art1 & yet !y are z ! poles asund]4 ,,ii4 ,we %all n[ endeav\r to discuss briefly h[ our rem>ks apply to photography4 ,any /ud5t ( photographic lit]ature is well aw>e t num]\s pap]s are con/antly be+ publi%$ by p]sons :o evid5tly are n aw>e ( ?is radical di/9ction betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,! /ud5t w see x con/antly advocat$ t e detail ( a picture %\ld be imp>tially r5d]$ ) a bit+ accuracy1 & ?is 9 all cases4 ,?is bit+ %>pness be+1 z ,mr4 ,t4 ,f4 ,goodall1 ! l&scape-pa9t]1 says1 8,q fatal f ! arti/ic /&po9t40 ,if ! r5d]+ 7 always giv5 %>ply1 ! "w w\ld belong to ! category ( topography or ! k ( places1 t is ,sci5ce4 ,to cont9ue1 ! /ud5t w f9d directions = produc+ an unv>y+ quality 9 8 negatives4 ,he w be told h[ negatives ( l[-ton$ effects may be made to give pr9ts l negatives tak5 9 bright sun%9e2 9 %ort1 he w f9d t ^! writ]s h a sci5tific ideal1 a sort ( /&>d negative by :i* to gauge all o!rs4 ,& if ^! writ]s are que/ion$1 ! /ud5t w f9d ! /&>d negative is "o 9 :i* all detail is r5d]$ ) microscopic %>pness1 & "o tak5 evid5tly 9 ! brighte/ sun%9e4 ,we once he>d x s]i\sly propos$ t !re %\ld be "s sort ( /&>d lant]n-slide4 ,my allott$ "t is too brief to give fur!r examples4 ,suffice x to say1 t ?is unv>y+ /&>d negative w\ld be admirable if ,nature 7 unv>y+ 9 h] moods2 until t comes to pass !re mu/ be z mu* v>iety 9 negatives z !re are 9 diff]5t moods 9 ,nature4 ,x is1 we ?9k1 because ( ! confusion ( ! aims ( ,sci5ce & ,art t ! majority ( photographs fail ei!r z sci5tific records or works ( art4 ,x w\ld be easy to po9t out h[ ! majority are false sci5tifically1 & easi] /ill to %[ h[ !y are simply devoid ( all arti/ic qualities4 ,!y s]ve1 h[ev]1 z _m h s]v$1 z topographical records ( faces1 build+s1 & l&scapes1 b (t5 incorrect records at t4 ,x is curi\s & int]e/+ to obs]ve t su* "w always requires a "n4 ,x is a photograph ( ,mr4 ,jones1 ( ,mont ,blanc1 or ( ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a "w ( ,art really requires no "n1--x speaks = itself4 ,x has no burn+ desire to be *ri/5$1 = its aim is to give ! behold] /hetic pleasure1 & n to add to 8 k or ! ,sci5ce ( places1 i4e4 geography4 ,! "w ( ,art1 x _c too (t5 be repeat$1 appeals to man's emotional side2 x has no wi% to add to 8 k--to 8 ,sci5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 topographical works appeal to 8 intellectual side2 !y refre% 8 memory ( abs5t p]sons or l&scapes1 or !y add to 8 k4 ,to anticipate criticism1 ,i %\ld l to say t ( c\rse 9 all m5tal processes ! intellectual & emotional factors are insep>able1 yet ! "o is always subord9at$ to ! o!r4 ,! emotional is subord9ate :5 we are solv+ a ma!matical problem1 ! intellectual is decid$ly subord9ate :5 we are mak+ love4 ,psy*ologi/s h analyz$ to a rem>kable ext5t ! intellectual ph5om5a1 b ! k ( ! compon5ts ( ! s5tim5ts or ! emotional ph5om5a is1 z ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] says1 8altoge!r vague 9 its outl9es1 & has a /ructure :i* cont9ues indi/9ct ev5 "u ! mo/ pati5t introspection4 ,dim traces ( diff]5t compon5ts may be disc]n$2 b ! limitations bo? ( ! :ole & ( its p>ts are s fa9tly m>k$1 & at ! same "t s entangl$1 t none b v g5]al results c be rea*$40 ,! *ief ?+1 !n1 t ,i w\ld impress ^u all beg9n]s is ! necessity = beg9n+ "w ) a cle> di/9ction betwe5 ! aims & ends ( ,sci5ce & ,art4 ,:5 ! art-/ud5t has acquir$ en\gh k--t is1 ,sci5ce--to express :at he wi%es1 let him1 ) jeal\s c>e1 keep ! sci5tific m5tal attitude1 if ,i may s express x1 f> away4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! /ud5t's aim is sci5tific1 let him cultivate rigidly sci5tific me?ods1 & n weak5 himself by attempt+ a compromise ) ,art4 ,we 9 ! photographic _w %\ld be ei!r sci5ti/s or arti/s2 we %\ld be aim+ ei!r to increase k1--t is1 sci5ce1--or to produce works ^: aim & end is to give /hetic pleasure4 ,i d n imply any comp>ison betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,art to ! advantage ( ei!r "o4 ,!y are bo? ( ! highe/ wor?1 & ,i admire all s9c]e1 hone/1 & capable work]s 9 ei!r bran* ) imp>tiality4 ,b ,i d n wi% to see ! aims & ends ( ! two confus$1 ! work]s weak5$ !reby1 &1 above all1 ! progress ( bo? ,sci5ce & ,art h9d]$ & delay$4 ,,iii4 ,next ,i %all discuss briefly ! ill-effects ( a too s$ul\s /udy ( ,sci5ce ^u an ,art /ud5t4 ,! fir/ &1 p]haps1 ! greate/ ( ^! ill-effects is ! positive m5tal attitude t ,sci5ce fo/]s4 ,a sci5ti/ is only conc]n$ ) /at+ a fact cle>ly & simply2 he mu/ tell ! tru?1 & ! :ole tru?4 ,n[1 a sci5tific /udy ( photography1 if pu%$ too f>1 leads1 z a rule1 to t /ate ( m9d :i* delights 9 a weal? ( cle>ly-cut detail4 ,! sci5tific photograph] wi%es to see ! ve9s 9 a lily-leaf & ! scales on a butt]fly's w+4 ,he looks1 9 fact1 s closely1 s microscopically1 at ! butt]fly's w+1 t he nev] sees ! poetry ( ! life ( ! butt]fly itself1 z ) buoyant :eel+s x disappe>s 9 m>riage flight ov] ! lu% grass & p9k cuckoo-fl[]s ( ,may4 ,i feel sure t ?is g5]al delight 9 detail1 brilliant sun-%9y effect1 glossy pr9ts1 c41 is *iefly due to ! evolution ( photography3 ^! ta/es h be5 develop$ ) ! art1 f ! silv] plate ( ,dagu]re to ! d\ble-album5iz$ pap] ( to-day4 ,b1 z ! art develops1 we f9d ! love = gloss & detail giv+ way be=e plat9otype pr9ts & photo-et*+s4 ,! second great arti/ic evil eng5d]$ by ,sci5ce1 is ! c>eless mann] 9 :i* ?+s are express$4 ,! sci5ti/ seeks = tru?1 & is (t5 indiff]5t to its me?od ( expression4 ,to him1 8,c y n wait ^u ! lunatic80 is z ! late ,mat!w ,arnold said1 z good z1 8,can/ ?\ n m9i/] to a m9d diseas$80 ,to ! lit]>y arti/1 on ! o!r h&1 ^! s5t5ces are z ! poles asund]1--! "o 9 bald tru?1 ! o!r lit]ature4 ,!y bo? mean ! same ?+2 yet :at /hetic pleasure we get f ! "o1 & :at a dull fact is1 8,c y n wait ^u ! lunatic80 ,!re are photographs & photographs2 ! "o giv+ z mu* pleasure z ! lit]>y s5t5ce1 ! o!r be+ z dull z ! matt]-(-fact "q4 ,! /ud5t ) und]/&+ w see ! fundam5tal & vital di/9ction betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,art z %[n ev5 9 ^! two %ort s5t5ces4 ,& n[1 ladies & g5tlem51 ,i d n ?9k ,i c d bett] ?an f9i% ?is section by quot+ ano!r passage f ! writ+s ( ! late ,mat!w ,arnold4 8,deficit una mihi symmetria prisca4--#8,! antique symmetry 0 ! 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(1 #abg4 ----1 regi/] te/ =1 #acb4 ----1 size (1 #abf4 ----1 squ>e1 #abg4 ----1 /udio1 #abh1 #adf4 ,cam]a obscura1 #ff1 #adi4 ,cam]on1 ,mrs41 #aeb1 #afd1 #ahi4 ,canova1 #id4 ,c>acalla's bu/1 #dj4 ,c>bon pr9t+1 #aia4 ,catacombs1 #de4 ,cell9i-,b5v5uto1 #ic4 ,*alk draw+1 #bgj4 8,"*0 9 portraiture1 #beb4 ,*>coal draw+1 #bgf4 ,*>lemagne1 #dg4 ,*emicals1 #afi4 ,*emical solutions1 #adb4 ,*emi/ry & ,photography1 #b4 ,*i>o-oscuro1 #ce1 #bci4 ,*9ese ,art1 #ed1 #eh4 ---- r5asc5ce1 #ee4 ,*oice ( di/rict to "w 91 #bdf4 ---- ---- l5s1 #acf4 ,*ri/mas ,c>ds1 #beg4 ,cimabue1 #di4 ,classification ( ,exposures1 #aed4 ,clays1 #ge4 8,cle>ness10 #bei4 ,cl\d negatives1 #aig4 ,cold process 9 plat9um pr9t+1 #aid4 ,college ( ,photography1 #ac4 ,collotypes1 c41 #bje4 ,colls1 ,w4 ,l41 #bji4 ---- ---- on ,photogravure1 #baa4 ,col\r1 #ah1 #ajh4 ----1 diff]5ces (1 #ajh4 ---- ( ,plat9otype pr9ts1 #aif4 ---- ( l&scape 9 sun%9e1 #beg4 ,comb9ation pr9t+1 #aig1 #aii4 ,comm]cial gr\ps1 #bdd4 ,commodus' bu/1 #da4 ,composite1 photography1 #acg4 ,composition1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bdj1 #bdh4 ,con/able1 #ge1 #bbg1 #bfh4 ,con/able's dicta on art1 #ge4 ,cont5ts ( 8,naturali/ic ,photography10 #h4 ,cooke1 #gg4 ,copp]-plate pr9t+1 #baj4 ,copy ( s*$ule = copyright+1 #bbb4 ,copyright1 #bba4 ,cordianus' bu/1 #dj4 ,corot1 #he4 ,correggio1 #fe4 ,cov] = develop+ di%1 #adb4 ,cox1 ,david1 #gc4 ,creative arti/1 #ai4 ,creswell1 #gg4 ,criticism1 #bi1 #bei4 ,critics1 #bei4 ,crome1 ,old1 #ge1 #gf4 ,cuyp1 #hc4 ,dagu]re & ! ,fr5* ,academy1 #a4 ,dallmey]'s new long-focus l5ses1 #ace4 ,damages = infr+em5t ( copyright1 #bbd4 ,d>k room & app>atus1 #ada4 ---- ----1 v5tilation (1 #ada4 ,d>w91 ,*>les1 on photographs1 #bgh4 ,daubigny1 #hf4 ,da ,v9ci1 #bg1 #fd4 ,dawson1 ,a41 #bji4 ,decoration1 ,d',oyleys1 #bfd4 ----1 ( hang+s1 #bfd4 ----1 wall pap]s1 #bfd4 ----1 w9d[s1 #bfb4 ,decorative art1 #bfj4 ---- ----1 enamels1 #bfb4 ---- ----1 panels & friezes1 #bfa1 #bfb4 ---- ----1 tiles1 #bfb4 ,defects 9 gelat9e plates due to damp1 #agh4 ,de ,hooghe1 #ge1 #hc4 ,de la ,croix1 #he4 ,de la ,ro*e1 #he4 ,del ,s>to1 ,&rea1 #fe4 ,della ,robia1 #ic4 ,d5se negatives1 #agg4 ,deposits on ! film1 #agh4 8,dep? ( focus10 #aci4 ,descamps1 #he4 ,desid]atum1 ,a great1 #bjf4 ,develop+ rule1 ,a1 #ada1 #afh4 ,developm5t1 #afb4 ---- by artificial light1 #agb4 ----1 meteorological conditions 91 #afg4 ----1 me?od (1 #afg4 ----1 sl[1 #afg4 ,de ,w9t1 #gc4 ,diagrammatic blocks & plates1 #bjd4 ,diaphragm1 #ach4 ,direct & indirect vision1 #ajb4 ,direction ( light1 ,law (1 #ajb4 ,dirty backs ( negatives1 #agh4 ,di%es1 #adb4 ,disp]sion ( light1 #ii4 ,dixon & ,gray's ,or?o*romatic ,photography1 #bhd4 ,doctor+ negatives1 #ahi4 ,donatello1 #ib4 ,d\ble-backs1 #abi4 ,dra9age rack1 #adb4 ,draw+ ( photographic l5ses1 #aah1 #acf4 ,dull spots & pits on negatives1 #agi4 ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj4 ,duplicate plates1 #agc4 ,dur]1 ,alb]t1 #bc1 #fa4 ,dut* ,art1 #hj4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art1 #dd ,easel pictures1 #ce4 ,ea/]n ,art1 #eb4 ,ed]'s1 ,dr41 ,int5sifi]1 #age4 ---- ----1 8,mod]n dry plates10 #bid4 ---- pota% develop]1 #aga4 ---- r$uc]1 #agg4 ,educat$ sight1 #bcc1 #bch4 ,edw>ds's1 ,b4 ,j41 cle>+ solution1 #agg4 ---- ---- or?o*romatic plates1 #ahb4 ---- ---- yell[ scre5s1 #ahb4 ,egypt1 ,anci5t1 works to be /udi$1 #ca4 ,egyptian art1 #cj4 ---- arti/s1 #cb4 ---- lions1 #ca4 ,em]son on 8,v5tilation ( ! d>k room10 #ada4 ----'s 8,ammonia poison+10 #ada4 ---- 8,an ideal photographic exhibition10 #bbg4 ---- 8,photography2 a pictorial art10 #i4 ---- 8,ph>yngitis & ,photography10 #ada4 ,emp]ors' ,s*ool1 #df4 ,eng9e]+ & ,photography1 #c4 ,engli% ,art1 #fi4 ---- sculpture1 #id4 ---- v4 ,fr5* photogravure1 #bji4 ,enl>gem5ts1 #bjj4 ,enl>g+ & tonality1 #bja4 ,enquiry into ,naturalism 9 ,art1 #bh4 ,et*+1 #ha1 #bgd4 ,eupompos1 #cf4 ,evolution 9 ,art1 #fa4 ,exhibitions1 #bbe4 ,exp]im5t = =m+ a r\gh rule = use ( l5ses1 #acf4 ,exposure1 #aed4 ----1 me?od (1 #aed4 ----1 v>iation (1 #aeg4 ,exposures1 classification (1 #aed4 ----1 l5s & /op 91 #aeg4 ----1 meteorological conditions 91 #aeg4 ----1 no rule =1 #aei4 ----1 quick1 #aed1 #aee1 #aef4 ,exposures1 "t1 #aee4 ----1 %utt]1 #aef4 ----1 tables (1 #afj4 ,expression1 #beb4 ,fabius1 #ch4 ,fad+ ( pr9ts1 #aib4 ,failure1 #beg4 ,falsity ( photographic portraits1 #bee4 ,fant9's fl[]s1 #aeb4 ,fe*n]'s ,law1 #ajg4 ,f]ro-prussiate pr9t+ pap]1 #aid4 ,f]r\s-oxalate develop]1 #afi4 ,fiddle-br[n trees1 #beh4 ,figure & l&scape1 #bea4 ,f9e ,art1 #ai4 ,f9i%1 #beg4 ,fl>e-spot1 #aci4 8,flat & weak0 negatives1 #bee4 ,flemi% ,art1 #fi4 ,fluoresc5ce1 #ajj4 ,focuss+1 #aja1 #adh4 ----1 example (1 #aej4 ----1 m5tal attitude 91 #adh4 ----1 rule =1 #aai1 #aej4 ---- ! eye1 #aja4 ,fog1 #age4 ,=5sic m$ic9e & photography1 #d4 ,=feiture ( pirat$ works1 #bbd4 ,=tuny1 #fh4 ,fo/]'s1 ,w4 ,mi*ael1 ,physiology1 #ig4 ,fovea ,c5tralis1 #aja4 ,frames1 #bai4 ,fram+1 #bah4 ,fr5* 7,mod]n7 ,art1 #hd4 ,frill+1 #agf4 ,fuseli1 #gj4 ,fuzz9ess1 #abj4 ,ga9sbor\gh1 #gj4 ,gambl+ = m$als1 #bbg4 ,ganot's 8,physics10 #acd4 ,gelat9o-bromide pap]1 #aib4 ,gelat9o-*loride pap]1 #aib4 ,geography & photography1 #c4 ,g]man 7,mod]n7 ,art1 #fa1 #fh4 ,ghib]ti1 #ib4 ,gibson ,gall]y1 #dc4 ,giotto1 #di4 ,girt91 #gc4 ,glass slabs1 #adc4 ,glaz+ a /udio1 #ade4 8,good ,art10 #bef4 ,goodall1 ,t4 ,f41 on col\r1 #ah4 ---- ----1 on composition1 #bhg4 ---- ----1 8,m]e transcripts ( ,nature10 #bf4 ---- ----1 on photography1 #big4 ,good "w1 #beg4 ,go?ic ,art1 #dh4 ,greek & ,grco-,roman sculpture1 #ci4 ---- & ,italian ,art1 #cc4 ---- *i>oscuro1 #ce4 ---- co9s1 #db4 ---- l&scape art1 #ch4 ---- pa9t+1 #cd4 ---- p]spective1 #ce4 ---- sc5e-pa9t+1 #ce4 ---- vases1 mosaics1 & /one pa9t+s1 #ch4 ,gre5 fog1 #agf ,gre5 plates1 #beb4 ,greuze1 #he4 ,gr\nd-glass pictures1 #adi4 ,gr\ps1 #bdd4 ,gr[n plates1 #bab4 ,guilds1 ,!1 #dh1 #ej4 ,halation1 #agg4 ,ham]ton on ,photography1 #bgh4 ,h& cam]as1 #acb4 ,h>dwi* & ,taylor's 8,photographic ,*emi/ry10 #bid4 ,h>rison1 #gh1 #gi4 ----'s1 ,j41 8,hi/ory ( ,photography10 #bid4 ,head-re/s1 #adf4 ,heffn]1 #fh4 ,helmholtz1 ,pr(essor1 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,h5d]son's enamels1 #bfb4 ,h]+'s !ory1 #ajh4 ,hick's opaque measur+-glasses1 #adb4 8,high ,art10 #bj1 #ahe4 ,h9ts on copp]-plate pr9t+1 #baj4 ,h9ts on developm5t1 #afd1 #afe4 ---- -- l5ses1 #adj4 ---- -- photo-et*+1 #baj4 ---- -- pictorial art1 #bed4 ---- -- plat9otype pr9t+1 #aie4 ,hi/orical value ( ,assyrian bas-reliefs1 #cc4 ,hi/ory ( ,greek pa9t+1 #cd4 ,hobbema1 #hc4 ,hodgson's 8,mod]n me?ods ( book illu/ration10 #bid4 ,hog>?1 #fi4 ,hokusai1 #eh4 ,holbe91 ,hans1 #fc4 ,hom]'s bu/1 #da4 ,hood = cam]a1 #abh4 ,horizon l9e1 #dd4 ,horse ( ,sel5e1 #db4 ,hunt's1 ,w41 8,talks on ,art10 #gi1 #abd1 #bib4 ,hydrok9one develop]1 #aga4 ,ideal1 #bj4 ,idealism1 #bi4 ,imag9ative1 #bb4 ,impression1 #aah1 #bdi4 ,impressionism1 #bb4 ,impressioni/s1 ,mod]n1 #abj4 ,impressions v4 absolute fact1 #aca4 ,index1 #cjc4 ,individuality1 #beh4 ,indoor "w1 #bdc4 ,indu/rial arts & photography1 #d4 ,indu/rial division1 #aa4 ,+res1 #he4 ,int5sification1 #age4 ,int5sity ( l5ses1 #ach4 ---- ---- light1 #ajc4 ,int]iors1 #beg4 ,int]pret+ nature1 #bb4 ,introduction1 #a4 ,israels1 ,josef1 #hc4 ,ivan ! ,t]rible1 #dg4 ,japanese ,art1 #ed1 #eh4 ---- ----1 #a/ ,p]iod1 #ed4 ---- ----1 #bnd ,p]iod1 #ed4 ---- ----1 #crd ,p]iod1 #ee4 ---- ----1 #d? ,p]iod1 #eg4 ---- ---- at ,briti% ,museum1 #eh4 ---- ---- ,commission]s1 #eh4 ,jap]s at photography1 #bei4 ,jewell]y1 #bdd4 ,ju/9ian1 #df4 ,kano ,s*ool1 #ef4 ,kauffman1 #gj4 ,kaulba*1 #fh4 ,kr91 #eg4 ,lamp = develop+-room1 #aie4 ----1 travell+1 #adb4 ,l&scape1 #bde4 ,l&se]1 #gg4 ---- ----'s lions1 #ca4 ,lant]n slides1 #bjb1 #bjc4 ,law ( projection1 #ajb4 ---- ---- correspond+ po9ts1 #ajb4 ---- ---- visible direction1 #ajc4 ,laws ( composition1 #bcg4 ,lawr5ce1 ,sir ,?os41 #abj4 ,lea1 ,c>ey1 ,dr41 #ahj4 ,lead-p5cil draw+1 #bgj4 ,le ,brun1 #hd4 ,le ,conte's1 ,pr(41 ,division1 #ih4 ,l5ses1 #acd4 ---- = special purposes1 #acg4 ---- recomm5d$1 #ace4 ,l',envoi1 #bff-bfi4 ,leslie1 #gg4 ----'s 8,life ( ,con/able10 #bic4 ,lewes1 ,g4 ,h41 #bj4 ,lh]mitte1 #ia4 ,libr>ies & ,photography1 #d4 ,liesgang's 8,manual ( ,c>bon ,pr9t+10 #bie4 8,life0 ( ! model1 #bef4 ,light1 #ih4 ,light+ ( picture1 #aah4 ,limits ( art1 #bef4 ,limpet-%ell m>k+s1 #agh4 8,l9es10 #bdg4 ,l9e ,engrav+1 #bga4 ,l9nell1 #gg4 ,li?ography1 #bga4 ,little ,ma/]s1 #bga4 ,local col\r1 #bb4 ---- developm5t1 #aga4 ,lmm]'s1 ,dr41 8,optics & ,light10 #bid4 ,lorra9e1 ,claude1 #hd4 ,l[-,art1 #bb4 ,ludius1 #ch4 ,maclise1 #gg4 ,macula lutea1 #aja4 ,mak>t1 #fh4 ,man & vulg>ity1 #bed4 ,m>bl+s 9 negatives1 #agh4 ,masks1 #aii4 ,mason1 #gg4 ,massys1 ,qu9t91 #fj4 ,ma/]s1 #if4 ,ma/]s ( ! m9or arts1 #bhi4 ,matahei1 #ef4 ,mat]ial = dresses1 #bdd4 ,measur+-glasses1 #adb4 ,m$als1 ,art1 #bbf4 ,m$ival ,art1 #dg4 ---- ----1 glass pa9t+s1 #dh4 ---- ----1 guilds1 #dh1 #ej4 ---- ----1 m9iaturi/s1 #dg4 ,m$ical & ,biological ,photography1 #c4 ,mei*1 #ee4 ,melan?ios1 #cf4 ,m]it ( photographs1 #bed4 ,metallic pat*es on negatives1 #agi4 ,meteorology & ,photography1 #c1 #aeg4 ,meteorological conditions & developm5t1 #afg4 ,me?od ( copyright+1 #bba4 ---- ---- reproduc+ negatives f nature = copp]plate process1 #bab4 ,mezzot9t engrav+1 #bgg4 ,microscopy & ,photography1 #b4 ,milit>y & ,naval ,photography1 #d4 ,millet1 ,jean ,franois1 #dd1 #hf1 #bcb4 ----'s dicta on art1 #hf4 ,m9iatures1 #df4 ,mod]n ,fr5* ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+1 #dc1 #ia4 ---- ---- ---- ---- ,sculptors1 #id4 ,modifi$ /ops1 #ach4 ,mohamm$an ,art1 #eb4 ,mon>*ies ( ,we/]n ,asia1 #cb4 ,mono*rome ,pa9t+1 #bgf4 ,morl&1 #gj4 ,mosaics1 #de1 #df4 ,m\ld+s1 #bai4 ,m\ntants1 #bah4 ,m\nt+1 #bah4 ,m\nts1 #bai4 ,mll]1 #gg4 ,mll]'s ,law1 #ajb4 ,mulready1 #gg4 ,munkacsy1 #fh4 ,murillo1 #fh4 ,muybridge's cant]+ horse1 #db4 ---- ---- photographs1 #afa4 ,my/]y ( ,nature1 #beg4 ,nasmy?1 #gg4 ,national ,gall]y1 #fj1 #fc1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg1 #fi1 #gc1 #gg1 #hj1 #hc4 ,naturalism1 #bb4 ---- 9 ,art1 #bh4 ---- 9 decorative ,art1 #bfj4 ,naturali/ic photography1 #bei4 ---- "w1 #beh4 ,nature & photography1 #bei4 ---- ---- pictures1 #beh4 ,nature & sanity1 #beh4 ,nature ( a copyright1 #bbc4 ,negative f9i%+1 #agi4 ,negatives = decorative "w1 #bfb4 ,n]o's bu/1 #dj4 ,newton1 ,sir ,w4 ,j41 #aeb4 ,nicol1 ,dr41 on s5sitomet]1 #afj4 ,ni 1 ,!1 #ed4 ,nobuzan1 #ee4 ,nude1 #ed4 ki1 #eg4 ,on bread? & simplicity1 #bee4 ---- copyright agreem5t1 #bba4 ---- 8=m10 #bef4 ---- 8go+ 9 = photography10 #bee4 ---- impression & fact1 #aah4 ---- op9ions on art1 #beh4 ---- publi%+1 #beg4 ---- reproduction1 #bef4 ---- /udy+ photography1 #bef4 ---- success1 #beg4 ,optic n]ves1 #ig4 ,optics1 #acd4 ,orig9al ,arti/1 #bd4 ,orig9 ( ret\*+1 #ahf4 ,or?o-*romatic ,photography1 #aha4 ,out-door portraiture1 #bdc4 ---- "w1 #bdc4 8,out+s10 #bdf4 ,outl9e draw+1 #bfi4 ,ov]-exposure1 #agd4 ,ov]-production1 #afi4 ,paloli?ic /one scrat*+s1 #bfi4 ,pamphilos1 #cf4 ,pap] negatives1 #ahj4 ,p>is ,salon1 #ia4 ,p>rhasios1 #ce4 ,p>!non ,frieze1 #db4 ,pausias1 #cf4 ,pecuni>y ,p5alties = infr++ copyright1 #bbd4 ,p5 & ,ink draw+1 #bgj4 ,p]spective1 #ce1 #aab1 #bci4 ,p]spective1 f\r k9ds (1 #aab4 ,p]t9ax's bu/1 #dj4 ,ph5om5a ( sight & art pr9ciples d$uct$ !refrom1 #ig4 ,photographs z hi/orical records1 #beg4 8,photographic10 #bd4 ---- ---- haunts1 #bdg4 ---- ---- ,libr>ies1 #bid4 ---- ---- ,society ( ,great ,brita91 #ahe1 #bbg4 8,photographics10 ,dr4 ,wilson's1 #add4 ,photograph+ ,cl\ds1 #aih4 ,photography1 #bgg4 ---- ---- & ,art1 #bei4 ---- ---- a pictorial art1 #bfi4 ---- ---- appli$ to decorative art1 #bfa4 ,photo-et*+1 #bjg4 ,photo-me*anical pr9t+ processes1 #bjd4 ---- ---- classification (1 #bjd4 ,pictorial ,art1 #bcj4 ,picture-buy]s1 #ec4 ,p9-hole photography1 #aca4 8,pisanello10 #ic4 ,pisano1 ,&rea1 #ib4 ----1 ,niccola1 #di1 #ib4 ----1 ,n9o1 #ib4 ----1 ,vittore1 #ic4 ,plate-mak+1 #afc4 ,plates1 #afc4 ,plate-wa%]1 #adb4 ,plat9otypes1 #bje4 ---- ---- = book illu/ration1 #bje4 ---- ----1 fram+ (1 #bai4 ---- ----1 8s9k+ 90 (1 #bje4 ---- ----1 spott+1 #aie4 ---- ----1 texture (1 #aie4 ,plat9otype ,company1 #aie4 ---- ----1 new cold process1 #aid4 ,poetry 9 works ( art1 #bej4 ,po9t ( sight1 #bed4 ,poitev9's me?od ( enamell+1 #bfc4 ,polygnotos1 #cd4 ,portraits tak5 ) rapid rectil9e> l5s1 #acg4 ,portraiture1 #bdc1 #beb4 ---- 9 /udio1 #beb4 ,po/hum\s portraits & bu/s1#ahe4 ,p\ss91 #hd4 ,practical ,h9ts1 #bed4 ,preface1 ,v4 ,pre-,raphaelites 7mod]n71 #be4 ,prett9ess1 #bef4 ,pr9ciples ( /udio light+1 #beb4 ---- ( ,decorative art1 #bfa4 ,pr9t+1 #aia4 ---- frames1 #adc4 ---- cl\ds1 #aih4 ---- pap]s1 #aia4 ,pr9ts1 #aia4 ----1 c>bon1 #aia4 ----1 gelat9o-*loride1 #aib4 ----1 gelat9o-bromide1 #aib4 ----1 p]man5cy (1 #aib4 ----1 plat9otype1 #aia4 ----1 silv]1 #aia4 ----1 tonality (1 #aib4 ,pr9t-sell]s1 #g1 #ha4 ,prit*>d's1 ,bad51 8,/udios ( ,europe10 #bfb4 ,prizes = 8set subjects10 #bed4 ,procra/9ation1 #bee4 ,prolong$ & pat*y fix+s1 #agh4 ,protog5es1 #cg4 ,pseudo-sci5tific photograph]s & art1 #bed4 ,psy*ological data ( sight1 #aaa4 ,quality1 #bd1 #bef4 ---- ( greatness1 #beg4 ,qualities ( a picture1 #bea4 ---- ( good l5ses1 #adj4 ,que] judges1 #bbg4 ,raphael1 #fe4 ,realism1 #bd4 ,r$-c>bon process = decorative "w1 #bfb4 ,r$ fog1 #agf4 ,reflections & %ad[s1 #bef4 ,reflectors1 #adf4 ,re=m 9 exhibitions1 #bbg4 ,regi/ration ( photographs1 #bbc4 ,rejl&]1 ,o41 #aii4 ----1 on comb9ation pr9t+1 #aii4 ----1 on ret\*+1 #ahh4 ,relative tone or value1 #be4 8,rembr&t pictures10 #bed4 ,rembr&t's et*+s1 #ha4 ---- pa9t+s1 #hj4 ,rem$ies = infr+em5t ( copyright1 #bbd4 ,removal ( v>ni% f negatives1 #agh4 ,r5asc5ce1 ,european1 #ei4 ,replicas1 #bbd4 ,resolution1 #bed4 ,ret\*+ negatives1 #ahd4 ---- ----1 ,adam ,salomon on1 #ahg4 ---- ----1 ,cam]on1 ,mrs41 on1 #ahi4 ---- ----1 ,def9ition (1 #ahd4 ---- ----1 ,rejl&] on1 #ahh4 ,retrospect ( ,photography1 #b4 ,reub5s1 #fi4 ,reynolds1 ,sir ,j41 #fi4 ---- on rules1 #bda4 ,rhetoricians1 ,roman1 #ci4 ,rhyp>ographi1 ,!1 #cg4 ,rib]a1 #ff4 ,ris+ front ( cam]a1 #abi4 ,roll] slides1 #ahj4 ,roman ,art1 #ch4 ,roscoe's 8,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry10 #afb4 ,r\sseau1 #he4 ,ruby glass1 #ada4 ,sable-hair bru%1 #adb4 ,s>g5t1 #gh1 #gi4 ,sawy]'s1 ,j4 ,r41 8,,abc ( ,c>bon ,pr9t+10 #bid4 ,scales1 #adc4 ,sc5e-pa9t+1 #cd4 ,sci5ce & ,art1 #bie4 ---- division1 #aa4 ,sci5tific diagrams1 #aeb4 ---- photographic "w to be reconsid]$1 #acf4 ,scrat*es on plates1 #agi4 ,sculpture1 #ib4 ,sea-air & dry plates1 #agh4 ,s5sational 9 nature1 #bef4 ,s5sitomet]1 ,w>neke's1 #aei4 ----1 ,dr4 ,vogel on1 #aei4 ,s5tim5t1 #be1 #bef4 ---- & poetry1 #bef4 ,s5tim5tality1 #be4 ,ses%i1 #ef4 ,sett+ up ! ,cam]a1 #abi4 8,%>pness10 #beg4 ,%ijo ,s*ool1 #eg4 ,%ibun1 #ee4 ,sight1 #g4 ,size ( plate1 #abg4 ,slabs ( glass1 #adc4 ,sl[ developm5t1 #afg4 ,soga *okman1 #ef4 ---- ,jasoku1 #ee4 ,s\l1 #be4 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 #gd1 #gg1 #gi1 #ic4 ,spani% 7mod]n7 ,art1 #fg4 ,sph]ical ab]ration1 #ii4 ,spill]1 ,a41 8on p]man5cy ( gelat9e-bromide pr9ts10 #aib4 ,_s-,levels1 #abf4 ,spontaneity1 #beg4 ,spott+ negatives1 #ahi4 ---- pr9ts1 #aie4 ,spuri\s pictures1 #bbd4 ,/&>d develop]1 #agj4 ,/ansfield1 #gg4 ,/]eoscopic ,slides1 #bjb4 ,/ol5 bits1 #beh4 8,/opp+ d[n10 #adi4 8,/ops10 #ach4 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,/atue at ,rome1 #de4 ,/udio1 #add4 ----1 build+1 #add4 ----1 cam]a1 #abh1 #adf4 ----1 ,dr4 ,wilson's specifications =1 #add4 ---- effects1 #adg4 ---- furniture1 #ade4 ---- glaz+1 #ade4 ---- light+1 #adg4 ----1 objets d'art1 #ade4 ----1 pr9ciples ( light+1 #add1 #beb4 ----1 rule = light+1 #adg4 ----1 top & side light1 #add4 ---- walls1 #ade4 ,/udy ( ,*emi/ry1 #afb4 ---- ,tone1 #agc4 ,subject ( a picture1 #bej4 ,sun & %ad[s1 #bei4 ,supplem5t>y poles1 #abi4 ,survey+ & ,photography1 #c4 ,sw+-backs1 #acj4 ----1 use (1 #acj4 ,swiss ,art1 #fc4 ,table ( cont5ts1 ix4 ,ta9e's 8,la philosophe de l'art ,grec10 #dc4 ,tea*+ ( ,art1 #bid4 ,te*nical criticism1 #dc4 ,te*nique1 #bf1 #abc1 #bic4 ---- & practice1 #abc4 ,t5i]s1 #fi4 ,t]m9ology1 #ag4 ,textures ( pr9t+ pap]s1 #aie4 ,!ban-,attic ,s*ool1 #cf4 ,!on ( ,samos1 #cg4 ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,sket*book1 #di4 ,?orwalds51 #id4 ,?umb-screws1 #abf4 ,timan!s1 #ce4 ,timoma*os1 #ch4 ,titian1 #ff4 ,tonality & developm5t1 #afd4 ,tone1 #bf1 #aae1 #bdh4 ,topography1 #beh4 ,torso at ,briti% ,museum1 #da4 ,trajan's bu/1 #dj4 8,transcript ( ,nature10 #bf4 ,transp>5cies1 #bjb4 ,transp>5t spots 9 negatives1 #agg4 ,travell+ lamps1 #adb4 8,treatise on ,pa9t+10 #bcg1 #bch4 ,treatm5t ( model1 #bdd4 ,tripod head1 #abh4 ,tripods1 #abh4 ,troyon1 #hf4 ,turbidity ( m$ia ( ! eye1 #ajj4 ,turn]1 #gc4 ----'s 8,fro/y ,morn+10 #gd4 ,tyndall1 ,pr(41 #aeh4 ,tyndall's 8,lectures on ,light10 #ab1 #bid4 ,typographic blocks1 #bje4 ---- ,et*+ ,company1 #bjh4 ,"u exposure1 #agd4 ,undevelop$ ,isl&s1 #agi4 ,value ( a picture1 #bef4 ,van d] ,velde1 #hc4 ,v&yck1 #fi4 ,van ,eyck1 ,! bro!rs1 #ei4 ----'s portrait1 #fj4 ,vanity1 #beg4 ,van ,o/ade1 #fi1 #hb4 ,v>ni%1 ,dr4 ,c>ey ,lea's1 #ahj4 ----1 removal (1 #agh4 ,v>ni%+ a negative1 #agi4 ,velasquez1 #fg4 ,v]e/*ag91 #fh4 ,view-f9d]1 #ach4 ---- -mak]1 #ajj4 ,vigilance committees = plates1 #afc4 ,vignett+1 #aif4 ,vogel1 ,dr41 #agg4 ----1 on *emical action ( sky1 #aeh4 ----1 exposure tables1 #afj4 ---- ,w>neke's s5sitomet]1 #aei4 ---- alto*romatic plates1 #ahb4 ,vulg>ity1 #bee4 ,walk]1 ,f41 #gg4 ,walk] & ,ea/man films1 #ahj4 ,wat]-col\rs1 #ec1 #ga4 ,watteau1 #hd4 ,wel=d & ,/urmey's 8,photograph]'s ,indisp5sable ,h&book10 #bie4 ,wet-plate process1 #afc4 ,:i/l]1 ,j4 ,m41 #af1 #gh4 ----1 on m\nts1 #bah4 ----1 8,art & ,art critics10 #gh4 ----1 8,t5 o'clock10 #gh4 ,wilkie1 #gg4 ,wilk9son's 8,anci5t ,egyptians10 #cb4 ,willis1 ,w41 ,jun41 #aic4 ,wilson1 #fi4 ,wilson's1 ,dr4 ,e41 8,burnet's ,treatise on ,pa9t+10 #bcg1 #bid4 ,wilson's1 ,dr4 ,e41 8,photographics10 #add4 ,wo]mann1 ,dr41 #bh4 ,woltmann1 ,dr41 #bh4 ,wood-engrav+1 #ga1 #bgb4 ,"w & fai?1 #bee4 8,work+ up0 9 oils1 c41 #ahd4 ,wu-,tao-,tsz1 #ei4 8,ye>'s ,art = #ahhg10 #bbc4 ,ye>-book ( ,photography & ,photo ,news ,almanac1 #ahhe-hg1 #ada4 ---- ---- & ,briti% ,j\rnal ,almanac1 #ahhg1 #ada4 ,yell[ fog1 #agf4 ,yell[ /a9s on negative1 #agg4 ,"y ,satyr at ,briti% ,museum1 #da4 ,zeuxis1 #ce4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,gilb]t ,,& ,,riv+ton1 ,,limit$1 ,,/4 ,,john',s ,,h\se1 ,,cl]k5well ,,road4 8,if any "o wants to conv]t an arti/ to photography1 he %\ld pres5t him ) "s ( ,em]son's pictures2 b1 :e!r ) ?is object or o!rwise1 we e>ne/ly recomm5d e photograph] to obta91 & to /udy1 ,em]son's books40--,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,h>rison 9 8,! ,int]national ,annual ( ,an?ony's ,photographic ,bullet90 = #ahhh4 ------------------------------------ ,,dr4 ,,em]son',s ,,works4 ,life & ,l&scape ,s]ies4 ,collectors & ,libr>ians %\ld take notice t all ,dr4 ,em]son's previ\sly publi%$ ,works are /rictly limit$ to ! numb]s h]e9 adv]tis$4 ,aft] ! completion ( ! adv]tis$ editions all plates & blocks w be at once de/roy$4 ,int5d+ pur*as]s %\ld !re=e complete _! sets z soon z possible1 be=e ! works become sc>ce & advance 9 price4 ,^! works c be obta9$ ?r\gh any booksell] or f ! publi%]s direct4 ------------------------------------ ,sep>ate ,plate4 8,,ga!r+ ,,wat]-,,lilies40 7,copyright47 ,,autogravure4 ,size ( ,plate1 #ad #aa in*es4 ,india ,pro(s1 m\nt$ on plate pap]1 size #bc #ag1 limit$ to #aej copies4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,pr9ts on plate pap]1 size #bc #ag in*es1 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,limit$ to #ajjj copies4 ,to be obta9$ ( ! ,,autotype ,,company1 #gd1 ,new ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,london4 ------------------------- ,,life ,,& ,,l&scape ,,on ,,! ,,norfolk ,,broads4 ,by ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,b4 7,cantab471 & ,t4 ,f4 ,,goodall4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,=ty ,plates f ,nature1 m\nt$ on plate pap]1 size #ag #ab in*es4 ,edition de luxe1 limit$ to #ajj copies1 b\nd 9 vellum1 ) black & gold decorations1 plates m\nt$ on ,india pap]1 & text pr9t$ on f9e/ :ite pap]4 ,price #aj #ajs4 ,ord9>y ,edition1 h&somely b\nd 9 clo?1 plates m\nt$ on f9e/ plate pap]1 & text pr9t$ on f9e :ite pap]1 limit$ to #gej copies4 ,price #f #fs4 ,?is ,"w conta9s a valuable ,essay on 8,l&scape10 includ+ ,photography1 by ! l&scape pa9t] ,t4 ,f4 ,goodall1 & %\ld be /udi$ by all ,photograph]s4 7,,sampson ,,l[ ,,co41 ,ld41 ,/4 ,dun/an's ,h\se1 ,fett] ,lane1 ,e4,c47 ,op9ions ( ! ,press4 8,we feel grateful to ,dr4 ,em]son & ,mr4 ,goodall = a mo/ fasc9at+ volume4 ,!re is some?+ s+ul>ly *>act]i/ic & attractive 9 ! sc5]y ( ! ,norfolk ,broads1 z !re is mu* t is peculi> & picturesque 9 ! mann]s ( ! primitive population4444 ,! s]ies ( illu/rations seem to embrace & exhau/ ! :ole range ( local subjects4 ,we are tak5 ?r\gh wild]nesses ( wood & wat]1 ?r\gh s$gy solitudes1 haunt$ by %y wat]f[l1 along w9d+ riv]-rea*es ) :]ries "u sail4 ,we are l&$ 9 qua9t nooks ( t wat]y _w1 :]e ! tumble-d[n cottage ( ! fi%]man or ! f[l] hangs ov] ! ru%y creek2 we see ! lonely f>mh\se1 ) its s$ge-?at*$ & /raggl+ outbuild+s1 /&+ some:at ap>t betwe5 m>% & cl\dl&2 or ! seque/]$ hamlet huddl$ r\nd ! little *ur*1 ) ! rude spire :i* is a l&m>k = leagues along ! wat]-ways4 ,we are %[n ! amphibi\s p foll[+ _! multif>i\s occupations1 ) _! f>m+1 & _! fi%+1 & _! /range fa%ions ( fi%+4444 ,! set ( l&scapes :i* close ! volume are excell5t z works ( art1 & !y give an admirable idea ( ! some:at melan*oly *>ms ( ! sc5]y1 :5 x does n happ5 to be light$ up by brilliant sun%9e40--,! ,times4 8,good w9e ne$s no bu%1 & ! ,norfolk sc5]y ne$s no praise2 b "o may blamelessly s+ 9 praise ( good w9e & ! s++ be b good1 & write ( or photograph ,norfolk m]itori\sly4 ,?is ,messrs4 ,em]son & ,goodall h done1 & done well1 = :i* !y des]ve mu* ?anks40--,saturday ,review4 8,! life depict$ 9 ?is *>m+ s]ies ( photographs is /ill r$ol5t ( ! pa/4 ,! wide expanse ( fl[]y pa/ure-l&1 ! smoo? & pellucid wat]s1 ! picturesque craft1 & ! h>dy good-hum\r$ ,broadsm5 ) _! nets & meaks1 are admirably repres5t$1 :ile ! descriptive lett]press w recall _m ( 8 own exp]i5ces to ! read] famili> ) ,ea/ ,anglian wat]s40--,morn+ ,po/4 8,dr4 ,em]son has 9 ?is "w appli$ ! art ( photography 9 s triumphant a mann]1 t ! fitful breezes are cle>ly caught on ! wat]1 & se5 play+ among/ ! heads ( ! re$s4444 ,we c v\* = _! wond]ful fidelity to ,nature4 ,no?+ l x has ev] be5 publi%$40--,! ,field4 8#8,life & ,l&scape on ! ,norfolk ,broads' is a book ( unique arti/ic int]e/4444 ,! prevail+ tone ( ! pictures is re/ful & subdu$4 ,!re is mu* ( quiet cl\dy sky & long ev5+ light4 ,& ! g5]al impression left by ! illu/rations1 ev5 :5 repres5t+ ! *>act]i/ic indu/ries ( ! ,norfolk "w-a-day _w1 is s+ul>ly free f any?+ approa*+ to hurry & turmoil4 ,! claims ( photography to rank among ! true means ( arti/ic production 7 nev] bett] exhibit$ ?an 9 ?is s]ies ( /udies4444 ,!y leave no possible d\bt ( ,dr4 ,em]son's manipulatory skill1 or ( ! ta/eful discrim9ation ( ! fell[ art-work]s40--,! ,globe4 8#8,life & ,l&scape on ! ,norfolk ,broads' is ! "n ( a really beautiful book4444 ,! text is descriptive1 & pleasantly descriptive1 ( ! sc5es reproduc$ f nature4444 ,we h seldom1 p]haps nev]1 se5 su* successful /udies ( l&scape made by any me*anical process44440--,daily ,news4 8,x is en\gh to "k t !y are exquisitely beautiful4 ,x has sometimes be5 cont5d$ t photography is n art4 ,t view has _h to be modifi$4 ,x has be5 %[n t 9 ! h&s ( arti/s photography c be us$ ) admirable effect4 ,if pro( ( ?is be requir$1 x w be f\nd 9 ?is volume4 ,!re is no?+ ( ! wood5 /iffness ( ! old photographs ab\t ! pictures4444 ,"s ( !m might be reproductions 9 mono*rome ( ,corot's pictures4 ,light & %ade are exquisitely manag$4 ,e picture is arrang$ ) ! true/ ta/e4444 ,!n all ! plates are r$ol5t ( ! _s ( ! sc5e40--,scotsman4 8,! volume ( #8,plates f ,nature' :i* ,messrs4 ,em]son & ,goodall h j publi%$ to illu/rate #8,life & ,l&scape on ! ,norfolk ,broads' is an extraord9>y a*ievem5t 9 photography4444 ,messrs4 ,em]son & ,goodall h n[ tak5 !m up1 & mirror$ _! riv] highways & _! %y retreats alike ) a uni=m success1 :i* mu/ h be5 ! result ( extraord9>y skill & pati5ce4444 ,! peasants & wat]m5 gave1 x is cle>1 mu* in=mation ab\t life on ! ,broads1 :i* ! au?ors h occasionally work$ up into v int]e/+ lett]press40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 8,t beautiful s]ies ( =ty plates1 ) _! accompany+ lett]press1 illu/rat+ #8,life & ,l&scape on ! ,norfolk ,broads1' are an unansw]able refutation ( ^? :o say !re is no art 9 photography4 ,mr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son1 ,b4,a41 & ,t4 ,f4 ,goodall h be5 r\nd ! f5s ) cam]a & note-book to "s purpose4444 ,!re is e quality 9 _m ( !m ( ?or\ghly good pictures4444 ,no episode or incid5t seems to be inaccessible to ^! skilful arti/s40--,daily ,telegraph4 8,!y h /udi$ ! ,broads 9 all seasons & 9 all aspects1 9 ! full light ( ! cl\dless summ] morn+s1 & 9 ! autumn ev5+s :5 ! light gr[s dim1 & ! result is =ty plates 9 plat9otype1 ( great v>iety1 ( s+ul> int]e/1 & ( rem>kable beauty4444 ,bo? ! au?ors ( ! illu/rative text are accompli%$ writ]s1 & _! articles are ( unusual m]it40--,! ,s*ool ,bo>d ,*ronicle4 8#8,life & ,l&scape on ! ,norfolk ,broads' is an epo*-mak+ book because su* p]fection ( photography1 su* p]fection ( reproductive processes1 & su* p]fection ( arti/ic feel+ h nev] be=e be5 br\ght toge!r40--,amateur ,photograph]4 8,n[ & !n 9 ! pa/ we h se5 occasional photographs su* z ,dr4 ,em]son n[ pres5ts1 b to him is due ! cr$it ( endeav\r+ to =m a real & tru?ful s*ool ( photographic repres5tation40--,photographic ,news4 8,?us we h fi%]m5 & wom5 engag$ 9 all ! phases ( lab\r :i* ! wat]-wa/es ( ,norfolk af=d1 & all happily unconsci\s t !y are /&+ = _! portraits--none ( !m />+ into ! cam]a 9 ord9>y photographic fa%ion1 b all pursu+ _! avocations 9 an unaffect$ & natural mann]4 ,?is is a r>e excell5ce1 :i* is des]v+ ( all praise1 & ! value ( ! plates z tru?ful illu/rations ( ! ord9>y "w & demean\r ( ! p is greatly enhanc$ by ! judgm5t & skill manife/$ 9 ?is p>ticul>4444 ,! lett]press :i* accompanies ! plates is n ! lea/ ent]ta9+ "p ( ! book40--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,,pictures ,,f ,,life ,,9 ,,field ,,& ,,f54 ,by ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,b4 7,cantab474 ,be+ ,tw5ty ,plates 9 ,photogravure reproduc$ f ,dr4 ,em]son's ,orig9al ,negatives by ,messrs4 ,dawson ,co41 ,b\ssod1 ,valadon ,co41 ,walk] ,b\tall1 & ! ,autotype ,co41 toge!r ) an ,introductory ,essay on ,photography & ,pictorial ,art4 ,! ,plates are enclos$ 9 a h&some ,portfolio4 ,edition de luxe1 limit$ to #ej numb]$ copies1 ,plates on ,india pap]1 size #bj #af in*es4 ,price #e #es4 ,ord9>y ,edition1 limit$ to #eej copies1 ) ,plates on f9e plate pap]1 same size4 ,price #c #cs4 ,n4,b4--,! ,au?or res]ves ! "r ( publi%+ sep>ately1 on pla9 pap]1 any "o ( ^! ,plates until ! edition is complet$1 aft] t all plates w be de/roy$4 7,,geo4 ,,bell ,,son1 ,york ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,w4,c47 ,op9ions ( ! ,press4 8,8 compositions rem9d u m ( pa9t+s ?an ( any me*anical reproductions ( ,nature4 #8,sunrise at ,sea1' ',! ,b>ley ,sele1#8 ',! ,faggot-,cutt]s1' ',at ,pl\gh1#8 ',a ,w9t]'s ,morn+1' & #8,! ,mangold ,h>ve/1' are all well *os5 & clev]ly arrang$ compositions1 & !y %[ u t x is by no means s impossible to comb9e 9 photography ! human figure & natural l&scape1 & to tell a simple pictorial /ory1 z is commonly believ$4 ,we congratulate ,mr4 ,em]son on ?is a*ievem5t2 8 "w1 at all ev5ts1 des]ves t praise :i* is due to ^? :o try to raise ! art to :i* !y are devot$1 & to c>ry x a /ep f>!r ?an is usually consid]$ necess>y4 ,x is some?+ to h c>ri$ photography a /ep f>!r 9 ! direction ( art1 & ,mr4 ,em]son is fairly entitl$ to claim ?is praise40--,spectator4 8,he has spok51 z well z tak51 tw5ty orig9al negatives1 & has done bo? to good purpose4 ,a man mu/ h p5etrat$ into ! inn] circle ( ! lives ( our ,ea/ ,anglian peasantry be=e he c\ld h ! *ance ( witness+ "s ( ! sc5es :i* he s sympa!tically repres5ts4444 ,_m w look at ! beautiful s]ies ( plates 9 photogravure1 & be *>m$ ) ! skill ) :i* !y h be5 manipulat$4 ,we f9d our highe/ pleasure 9 approv+ ! c>efulness ) :i* ! real types h be5 select$ & ! #8environm5t' made appropriate40--,! ,field4 8,dr4 ,em]son's v h&some folio ( tw5ty plates ( v>i$ subjects1 mo/ly f\nd 9 ! above c\nty1 is useful z %[+ :at c>e 9 gr\p+1 & tact & judgm5t 9 select+ po9ts ( view1 w d t[>ds produc+ effective pictures :5 ! photograph] comb9es ! qualities ref]r$ to40--,arti/'s ,record4 8,dr4 ,em]son 444 has be5 ! tea*] ( a new s*ool ( art photography & he has n[ a l>ge foll[+1 _m ( :om are endeav\r+ to d "w z good & true to ! #8s*ool' z ! examples t are be=e u4444 ,z a s\rce ( /udy = amateur photograph]s & z a draw+-room book we highly recomm5d #8,life 9 ,field & ,f5' to all our read]s4 ,z specim5s ( reproductions ( photographs ! plates are beyond praise1 & ! book is beautifully pr9t$ & got up 9 a mo/ arti/ic mann]40--,amateur ,photograph]4 8,h[ f> photography c g is well %[n 9 ?is c>efully prep>$ def5ce ( x z an art40--,a!num4 8,:5 we say t ,dr4 ,em]son has s us$ 8 cam]a z to truly repres5t ,nature1 we say ! highe/4444 ,hav+ ) r>e judgm5t /e]$ cle> ( d\btful &1 to ! cam]a1 impossible subjects1 ,dr4 ,em]son has giv5 u "s delightful photographic pictures1 :i* n only repres5t1 b also int]pret ,nature4444 ,dr4 ,em]son evid5tly int5ds to =m a s*ool 9 photography1 & has resolv$ to %[ photography at its be/40--,photographic ,news4 8,dr4 ,em]son1 ! produc] ( ?is f9e portfolio ( photogravures1 repres5ts to "s ext5t a new ef=t to get home once m to ,nature1 & he ent]s into ! battle z a photograph]4444 ,8 seascapes are exquisite4444 #8,a ,suffolk ,dyke' 7a *>m+ /udy ( riv] & ,suffolk f57 & #8,breydon ,wat]1' sea-fog com+ up 7a sweet picture1 full ( all ! feel+ ( ! place74444 ,! "w is ( a v *oice "*40--,s*ool ,bo>d ,*ronicle4 8,exquisite photographs exquisitely reproduc$40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 8,!y are 9 !mselves ( arti/ic m]it z reg>ds gr\p+ & selection4 ,"s ( !m1 su* z #8,! ,poa*]' & ! #8,dame's ,s*ool1' are di/9ctly dramatic1 & !y are produc$ ) mu* c>e & nicety by ! automatic et*+ process40--,daily ,telegraph4 8,x is m>vell\s h[ completely ,dr4 ,em]son appe>s to h ma/]$ ! difficulties :i* h att5d$ ! use ( ! cam]a4 ,no pa9t] c\ld h produc$ any?+ m *>m+ly true to ,nature1 m sugge/ive ( real life & int]e/1 ?an _m ( ! pictures 9 ?is volume4 ,!y are admirably tak51 ) a c>efulness 9 reg>d to light & %ade t has r>ely be5 approa*$40--,! ,scotsman4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,sep>ate ,plate4 ,,! ,,haysel4 7,copyright47 ,,photogravure4 ,size ( ,plate1 #bb #ag in*es1 tak5 direct4 ,india ,pr9ts on pap]1 #cd #bf in*es1 limit$ to #ajj copies4 ,price #aes4 a copy4 ,pr9ts on f9e plate pap]1 size #cd #bf1 limit$ to #djj copies4 ,price #ajs4 a copy4 ,aft] ! adv]tis$ numb] has be5 pull$1 ! plate w be de/roy$4 ,copies to be obta9$ ( ! ,,typographic ,,et*+ ,,company1 #c1 ,ludgate ,circus ,build+s1 ,e4 ,c4 ,op9ions ( ! ,press4 8,we h receiv$ 444 a v beautiful reproduction ( a picture by ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son1 :i* is a triumph bo? = photograph] & process4444 ,!re is mu* poetical feel+ 9 ! gr\p+4444 ,! g5]al tone ( ! picture is a subdu$ r$1 & gives "o ! idea ( summ] twilight40--,! ,cam]a4 8,we h "h a magnific5t plate40--,photographic ,news4 8,f ! ,typographic ,et*+ ,company we h a reproduction ( a l&scape by ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son 444 by a process 444 possess+ decid$ individuality & capable ( effect ( light & atmosph]e :i* ! pres5t example %[s may be sugge/ive & pleas+4 ,"h ! figures ( ! lab\r]s & ! lad5 wa9 are realiz$ ) consid]able fidelity to ! conditions ( light & air t con/itute a vague glimm]+ environm5t4 ,! *>m ( tranquillity t belongs to mild diffus$ light & spaci\s w9dless atmosph]e c sc>cely h suff]$ by translation 9 ?is in/ance40--,saturday ,review4 8,:e!r 9 composition or g5]al treatm5t x is a picture ( :i* ! arti/ may ju/ly feel pr\d40--,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,photography4 8,we h receiv$ a l>ge plate ( a beautiful mead[ sc5e also photograph$ by ,mr4 ,em]son4 ,x is inde$ a ,june idyl ( ! m>%es1 ) ! wom5 9 picturesque attire pil+ ^u a hay waggon ! sweet-sc5t$ grasses = transport to ! neighb\r+ /acky>d40--,scotsman4 8,x is mo/ c]ta9ly a spl5did production1 ?\gh its beauties d n dawn ^u "o at ! fir/ glance1 yet aft] a little contemplation we mu/ confess t x is "o ( ! be/ examples ( photogravure we h ev] se540--,photograph]s' ,_w4 ------------------------------------ ,,idyls ,,( ,,! ,,norfolk ,,broads1 ,a ,s]ies ( ,twelve ,plates1 depict+ ,pa/oral ,life 9 ,ea/ ,anglia1 reproduc$ 9 ,autogravure f ,orig9al ,negatives1 ) accompany+ descriptive ,notes1 by ! ,au?or1 ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son1 ,b4,a41 ,m4,b4 7,cantab474 ,numb]$ ,pro(s pr9t$ on ,india & ,plate pap]1 outside size #ag #ac in*es1 9 gold-lett]$ portfolio4 ,price #a #aas4 #f;d4 ,! issue ( ^! pro(s is limit$ to #aej4 ,pr9ts on ,plate pap]1 outside size #ag #ac in*es1 9 lett]$ portfolio4 ,price #a #as4 ,! issue ( ^! ,pr9ts is limit$ to #fjj copies4 7,,autotype ,,co41 #gd1 ,new ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,london1 ,w47 ,press ,notices4 8,x conta9s a doz5 exquisite /udies ( ! ,broads & _! bord]s1 reproduc$ by _! well-kn[n delicate process ( autogravure4 ,^! pictures are select$ ) true arti/ic feel+1 & 9 almo/ e case !y h #8compos$' z p]fectly z ?\gh !y 7 arrang$ at w & n by ,nature4 ,!re is b "o ^w :i* fitly indicates _! m]it1 & t is "o borr[$ f _! title--idyllic40--,l& & ,wat]4 8,9 a h&some1 delicate portfolio1 9 :ite & gold1 9 *oice & luxuri\s =m1 are pres5t$ a doz5 deeply m\nt$ autogravure plates1 on ,india pap]1 f photographic negatives4 ,!y are lov+ /udies ( belov$ aspects & incid5ts 9 ! l& ( ! fam\s ,broads1 9 e season ( ! ye> & 9 v>i\s phases ( ! quiet life ( t c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,em]son's text1 pr9t$ on f9e old ,engli% r\gh qu>to pap]1 poetically descriptive ( ! c\ntry & ( ! sc5es ( ! pictures1 makes beautiful bits ( writ+40--,s*ool ,bo>d ,*ronicle4 8,9 #8,idyls ( ! ,norfolk ,broads' ,mr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son /ill fur!r adds to our k ( ! pa/oral life & l&scape ( ! ,engli% ,f5s4 ,he is 9 love ) ! c\ntry--he calls x an e>?ly p>adise2 & nev] did lov] s+ ! praises ( 8 mi/ress ) m en?usiasm ?an does ,mr4 ,em]son ! di/9ctive beauties ( ?is l& ( mi/s & m>%es & sweet-sc5t$ mead[s1 ) its indu/ri\s & homely p4444 ,! sc5es h be5 select$ ) an arti/'s eye1 & are reproduc$ 9 really a delightful mann]--two especially are v pleas+--#8,fl[]s ( ! ,m]e1' 9 :i* we h ! head ( a *>m+ little village maid51 & #8,a ,grey ,day ,pa/oral1' ! silv]y tones ( :i* h at lea/ be5 sugge/$ 9 black & :ite4 ,accompany+ ea* plate is a concise1 well-writt5 description ( ! sc5]y depict$40--,scotsman4 8,! pres5t volume ( pro(s on ,india pap]1 reproduc+ orig9al negatives by ! autotype process1 pres5ts "s ( ! mo/ *>m+ & *>act]i/ic types ( ,ea/ ,anglian life & sc5]y40--,daily ,telegraph4 8,t ,mr4 ,em]son is an en?usia/ic lov] ( ! ,norfolk ,broads is v evid5t4 ,to him ,ea/ ,norfolk is an e>?ly p>adise1 replete ) all ! elem5ts t conduce to poetry & art4 ,( ^! ! =m] f9ds an outcome 9 ! descriptive lett]press1 & ! latt] 9 twelve photographs1 :i* illu/rate "o or o!r phases ( life or nature 9 ^! broads4444 8,^! pictures are1 9 mo/ cases1 full ( feel+4 ,9 te*nical m]it #8,! ,w9dmill' excels4 ,x is a v *>m+ little picture1 ab\t f\r in*es squ>e1 repres5t+ a w9dmill /&+ close by a /ream1 boats ly+ at repose alongside4 ,! engrav+1 pr9t+1 & g5]al get-up are ( a high ord] ( m]it40--,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,photography4 8,mr4 ,em]son gives a poetic acc\nt1 almo/ ) ! lov+ f]v\r ( ,virgil1 ( ! beauties t he s mu* feels4444 ,altoge!r ,mr4 ,em]son has 9 ?is la/ s]ies done an excell5t ?+1 & %\ld ! "t come :5 photograph]s 9 g5]al d simil>ly1 arti/s w n speak ( photography z !y v (t5 d at pres5t40--,photographic ,news4 8,on ! :ole1 ! s]ies is repres5tative ( ! di/rict ( :i* ,mr4 ,em]son writes ) ! k t comes ( en?usia/ic /udy4 #8,! ,mill1' #8,! ,haysel' & ! m>%y pa/ure4 ,no4 #c1 are *>m+ pictures4 #8,a ,grey ,day ,pa/oral' is a pleas+ example ( ! cool1 moi/1 & lum9\s effect ( mild diffus$ light "u a ?9 veil$ sky4 ,mr4 ,em]son's text is pleasant read+40--,saturday ,review4 8,mr4 ,em]son is well kn[n z ! produc] ( "s ( our mo/ arti/ic photographs & ^! #8,idyls' _c fail to increase 8 reputation4444 ,ea* "o is a delightful /udy4444 ,! composition 9 ea* case is admirable1 & !y are pr9t$ 9 a mann] :i* %[s advance 9 photographic art40--,arti/4 8,?is is truly a book = ! draw+-room table4 ,! introductory matt]1 z well z ! descriptive text1 give pro( t ,mr4 ,em]son is z successful a work] ) p5 z ) sun-p5cil1 = ! matt] is full ( poetic t\*es :i* only a true lov] ( ,nature w\ld be capable (1 & :i* few c\ld express 9 su* a *>m+ mann]40--,! ,cam]a4 ------------------------------------ ,,pictures ,,( ,,ea/ ,,anglian ,,life4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,?irty-two ,photogravures & ,fifte5 small] ,illu/rations4 ,! text1 divid$ into tw5ty-six *apt]s1 treats ( ! ,ea/ ,anglian peasantry1 & is full ( int]e/+ in=mation ( ! habits & cu/oms ( ! peasantry & fi%]folk1 ( _! gho/ /ories1 wit*craft1 & ( natural hi/ory1 poa*+1 c4 ,! ,edition de luxe1 size #bj #af in*es1 is h&somely b\nd 9 vellum1 ) gre5 morocco back1 & black & gold decorations4 ,! text is pr9t$ on be/ ,engli% h&-made pap]2 ! small ,illu/rations1 z well z ! l>g] ones1 are pr9t$ on ,india4 ,?is sumptu\s ,edition is limit$ to #ge numb]$ copies4 ,price #g #gs4 a copy4 ,! ,ord9>y ,edition is /rongly b\nd 9 clo? & lea!r4 ,! ,plates are pr9t$ on be/ plate pap]1 & ! text is pr9t$ on be/ :ite pap]4 ,?is ,edition is /rictly limit$ to #ejj copies4 ,price #e #es4 a copy4 7,,sampson ,,l[ ,,co41 ,ld41 ,/4 ,dun/an's ,h\se1 ,fett] ,lane1 ,e4,c47 ,press ,op9ions4 8,x is a monograph1 pictorial & lit]>y1 on ! ,suffolk peasantry & fi%]folk--a natural hi/ory ( "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ,engli% race-types4444 ,h$g] & pl\ghman1 fi%] & boor1 z !y are pictur$ 9 ^! exquisite engrav+s1 !y h a n too remote resemblance to ! melan*oly peasant ( ,millet4444 ,! au?or has some?+ ( 8 eye = ! bov9e-human type1 = ! f9e arti/ic gloom ( life & m9d ( ! fields40--,daily ,news 7,lead]74 8,aft] a ha/y glance at ,mr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son's h&some l>ge qu>to volume 444 "o is dispos$ to *>act]ize x z ! prose ( ,dr4 ,jessop's #8,arcady4' ,on bett] acqua9tance1 we see t !re is 9 ,mr4 ,em]son's book also a great deal ( ! poetry ( real life4 ,we 444 claim t 9 ord9>y village ways z sket*$ by ,mr4 ,em]son1 & 9 village "*1 h>d & un9vit+ z x seems to ! outsid]1 !re is poetry' en\gh4444 ,he has pl5ty ( quiet hum\r4444 ,( "s ( ! plates1 :i* =m su* a feature 9 ?is volume1 x is impossible to speak too highly40--,! ,graphic4 8,x might almo/ be said to be descriptive by anecdote1 ( :i* ! au?or seems to h a r>e /ore1 on e aspect ( ! subject ) :i* he deals4 ,8 book is und\bt$ly 444 #8a contribution to a natural hi/ory ( ! ,engli% peasantry & fi%]folk4'444 ,9 ?is s]ies ( ,ea/ ,anglian books ,mr4 ,em]son has di/9ctly elevat$ l&scape photography4 ,8 sc5es are select$ ) ! eye ( a true arti/4444 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ,mr4 ,em]son may be said 9 ^! pictures to h done = ! peasantry ( ,ea/ ,anglia :at ,jean ,franois ,millet did = ^? ( 8 own c\ntry40--,scotsman4 8,9 #8,a ,/iff ,pull' & #8,9 ! ,b>ley ,h>ve/1' bo? capital subjects1 capitally treat$1 he has be5 successful en\gh to make u wi% t ,millet _h pa9t$ 9 ,suffolk in/ead ( at & ab\t ,*ailly-en-,bire4 ,9 ano!r plate1 #8,! ,f>m by ! ,broad1' he contrives to give u some?+ ( ! effect ( 444 a ,corot4 ,9 444 #8,go+ ,out' & 444 #8,com+ ,a%ore' he rem9ds u a little ( ,mesdag2 9 o!r plates 444 ( ! foll[]s ( ,ba/i5 ,le ,page40--,saturday ,review4 8,! volume may be tak51 !re=e1 z repres5t+ pretty completely ! pres5t /ate ( ! art ( photo-engrav+ 9 ,engl&4444 ,mr4 ,em]son is to be congratulat$ on hav+ br\ght di/ant ,ea/ ,anglia & its p be=e u ) a complet5ess t has n be5 attempt$ ) any o!r consid]able portion ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s40--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 8,! tales & int]e/+ folk-lore are simply & pleasantly told4 ,! philologi/ w f9d 9 ^! pages _m fre% words & expressions2 ! arti/ & naturali/ _m curi\s & novel obs]vations4444 ,! book is a valuable addition to ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,engli% peasantry & fi%]folk40--,daily ,telegraph4 8,dr4 ,em]son's new book is "o :i* no c\nty family's libr>y 9 ,suffolk %\ld be )\t4444 ,dr4 ,em]son has /udi$ ! ,suffolk peasantry ) consci5ti\s ?or\ghness & approa*$ 8 subject ) s9c]e sympa?y = ! h>dness ( _! life40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 8,all :o h felt ! peculi> attraction ( ,ea/ ,anglian sc5]y are grateful to ,dr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son = 8 spl5did photogravures4444 ,?is spl5didly got-up folio is an important "w1 reflect+ high cr$it on all conc]n$ 9 its production4 ,we hope ,dr4 ,em]son w n all[ 8 cam]a to lie idle4444 ,dr4 ,em]son has be5 a close obs]v] ( _! "* & intellig5ce1 & has mu* t is curi\s to say40--,we/m9/] ,review4 8,we h1 9 %ort1 a delightful hi/ory ( ! inn] life ( ! ,norfolk & ,suffolk peasant1 & ( ! ?+s de> to him1 illu/rat$ by su* a s]ies ( tru?ful nature-pictures z is approximat$ to 9 no o!r "w ( :i* we "k1 unless 9 ,dr4 ,em]son's e>li] s]ies40--,photographic ,news4 8,mr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son has produc$ a really valuable book4 ,8 text1 descriptive ( ! life1 sup]/itions1 & "* ( ,suffolk peasantry & fi%]folk1 _! /ories ( ! l& & /ories ( ! sea1 are all ( ! greate/ int]e/1 & 9 _m cases h ! m]it due to orig9al inquiry & rese>*4444 ,mr4 ,em]son1 "o ( ! =emo/1 & 9 "s respects "o ( ! mo/ successful1 ( liv+ photograph]s1 has illu/rat$ 8 l>ge "w ) ?irty-two photogravures 444 ! full page plates are (t5 ( ! highe/ m]it4 #8,! ,clay ,mill1' & especially #8,! ,haymak] ) ,rake1' are s good 9 tone t !y almo/ sugge/ ! "w ( ,millet4 #8,:]e w9ds ! ,dike1' rem9ds ! spectator ( ,corot40--,magaz9e ( ,art4 8,?is book is h&somely got up1 well-b\nd1 f9ely pr9t$1 & copi\sly illu/rat$4444 ,8 text is ?or\ghly well wor? read+ on acc\nt ( 444 its s>donic s5se ( hum\r1 ke5 ze/ = ! grotesque prov9cialisms ( ! p ( out-(-!-way di/ricts1 quick e> = laughable oddities ( pronunciation1 quick eyes = old-_w cu/oms & :imsicalities1 & deep sympa?y ) ! suff]+s ( ! poor & helpless4444 ,!re are1 too1 _m qua9t anecdotes40--,a!num4 8,dr4 ,em]son gives u n only a mass ( valuable & int]e/+ lett]press1 b a collection ( v rem>kable photo-engrav+s4 ,by no "o has photography be5 m dilig5tly & m successfully appli$ to illu/rate n c\ntry sc5es only1 b c\ntry life4444 ,8 pictures nev] look l compositions--inde$1 he is z successful ) "s ( 8 gr\ps z ) m]e l&scapes4444 ,! lett]press 444 prov+ on e page t he has n only liv$ among ! p :om he describes1 b t he is q 9 t\* ) !m4444 ,dr4 ,em]son is a ke5 obs]v] ( m5 z well z ( nature4444 ,he is = ! mo/ "p ?or\ghly reasonable4444 ,i am grateful to him1 = ,i h le>nt mu* f 8 book1 & h be5 put 9 ! way ( 7,i hope7 le>n+ mu* m40--,academy4 8,no?+ c\ld well be bett] select$ or execut$ ?an are ! photogravures1 & ev5 ! small illu/rations ( ! book4 ,9 ^! he has caught #8! v =m & _s ( ! times' 9 ,ea/ ,anglia4444 ,8 l&scapes 444 recall ,con/able's pictures40--,field4 8,?is is a delightful book 444 inde$1 no "o c /udy ! illu/rations & read ! accompany+ text )\t becom+ imbu$ ) ! au?or's en?usiasm1 & )\t feel+ t he has ga9$ an entirely new insight into ! "* & surr\nd+s ( ! ,engli% peasant4 ,s arti/ic are ! illu/rations1 ) _! ,corot-l s(tness ( outl9e1 t 9 future no book t deals ) an unfamili> c\ntry w seem complete )\t su* aids4444 ,!re %\ld be1 & no d\bt !re w be1 books su* z ?is ab\t e corn] ( ! globe1 & ,mr4 ,em]son is to be ?ank$ = sett+ ! example40--,new ,york 8,nation40 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,naturali/ic ,,photography ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,( ,,! ,,art4 ,by ,dr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,,em]son4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?1 #es4 ,second ,edition1 revis$4 ,op9ions ( ! ,photographic ,press4 8,9 ! "w j issu$1 t ! au?or endeav\rs himself to look directly at 8 subject )\t feel+ himself b\nd by :at o!rs h said1 con/itutes ! *ief *>m1 & ! read] soon f9ds he is n 9 contact ) an au?or :o is ei!r an e*o ( o!rs1 or wi%es to make 8 read]s m]e e*oes ( himself2 inde$1 ! read] soon f9ds t 8 tea*] is n "o :o expects & /rives to m\ld 8 read]s to 8 own image1 b "o :o hopes to r read !m to ?9k & act = !mselves4 ,if our au?or's _s 0 m curr5t among ! te*nical tea*]s ( our day1 we w\ld probably be 9 a m hopeful condition z reg>ds future progress 9 ! arts & crafts4 ,! lit]>y /yle ( ! "w is excell5t1 & x conta9s a fund ( useful in=mation convey$ 9 a pleasant mann]4444 ,! mass ( ! book is compos$ ( valuable & ?\ghtful essays on ! v>i\s bran*es ( photographic "w--bo? f ! te*nical & ! arti/ic aspects--embody+ ! au?or's own exp]i5ce4 ,altoge!r #8,naturali/ic ,photography' is a "w :i* %\ld be possess$ & read by e "o int]e/$ 9 ! practice ( ,photography40--,photographic ,news4 8,suffice x to say t ! book is di/9ctive f any o!r book on photography1 & !re is read+ wor? /udy on e page4 ,we h be5 s fasc9at$ by ! fre%ness ( language & ! =cible way 9 :i* ! au?or endeav\rs to b[l ov] old ideas & in/itute new ones1 t we h _h a difficulty at times 9 lay+ aside ! admirably pr9t$ & got-up volume4 ,we c only say t we he>tily comm5d x to all :o are int]e/$ 9 arti/ic photography1 & :o are n above le>n+ f a ma/] 9 ! subject40--,photographic ,j\rnal4 8,:5 he comes to ! "p t really conc]ns photograph]s he is simply admirable 444 8 boldness & orig9ality ( treatm5t1 ! ability ) :i* he analyzes1 arranges1 & treats 8 subject1 & 8 practical conclusions1 are z *>m+ z !y are valuable1 z pleasant to read z !y w be useful to practise4444 ,! latt] "p ( ! book on te*nique & practice is capital1 & ought to meet ) acceptance1 & mu/ be valuable to ! photographic _w4444 ,c>efully ?\ght out1 ably writt51 boldly express$1 orig9al 9 treatm5t1 #8,naturali/ic ,photography' is a valuable contribution to our lit]ature40--,photography4 8,dr4 ,em]son's book has come at la/4 ,x 0 well wor? wait+ =1 & fully ju/ifies expectations4444 ,x has evid5tly already help$ a consid]able numb] ( photograph]s to ideas4444 ,! g5]al acceptance ( evolution pr9ciples1 ?\ght fre$ f trammels1 & ! adoption ( sci5tific me?ods1 t5d to give u treatises 9 :i* a rational & natural basis = all ph5om5a is s\ght4 ,dr4 ,em]son's book is di/9ctly ( ?is class4444 ,x is brimful ( int]e/1 & w furni% texts = art argum5t = "s "t to come1 z well z af=d solid in/ruction = ! e>ne/ /ud5t40--,cam]a ,club ,j\rnal4 8,c'e/ un volume lire1 je dirai mme relire1 c> le ,dr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,em]son met des ides qui lui sont tellem5t p]sonnelles1 qui s\v5t contr$is5t si =t les ides gnralem5t reues1 qu'il faut s'y repr5dre deux fois p\r bi5 se r5dre compte de sa manire t\te n\velle d'apprci] l'art photographique4444 ,il se compose d'une introduction1 dans laquelle n\s tr\vons t\t d'abord la preuve de l'orig9alit des ides de l'auteur1 c4444 ,on le voit1 le sujet e/ trait dans t\s ses dtails1 et aj\tons qu'il e/ trait d'une faon trs intressante4444 ,il taut reconnatre que la lecture de ce volume s'impose non seulem5t ceux qui s'occup5t de photographie1 mais t\s ceux qui s'occup5t de l'tude des beaux-arts40--,j\rnal de l',indu/rie ,photographique4 8,x is en\gh to say t we h read ?is beautifully got-up book ) int]e/1 & consid] ! op9ions & _m doctr9es ( ! au?or v rem>kable2 & f9ally we c 9 good fai? recomm5d ! book40--7,translation ( "p ( review 9 !7 ,deuts*e ,photograph5-,zeitung4 8,a mo/ enjoyable book to e true lov] ( nature4444 ,erudite1 embrac+ a v l>ge field 444 ?is "w mu/ claim ! c>eful att5tion ( an e>ne/ /ud5t 444 ! ord9>y textbook ( photography is sup]s$$1 & te*nique & practice is dealt ) 9 a ?or\gh & some:at orig9al mann] 444 ! read] w f9d mu* :i* w be well wor? c>eful /udy40--,photographic ,art ,j\rnal4 8#8,naturali/ic ,photography' is a spl5did contribution to photographic lit]ature40 ,wilson's ,photographic ,magaz9e4 8,?is book is highly to be recomm5d$ to ^? acqua9t$ ) ! ,engli% language40 7,translat$ f7 ,photographis*e ,mit!ilung54 8,cet ouvrage si bi5 tudi s]a lu avec gr& fruit p> les photographes amateurs1 surt\t auxquels il e/ de/91 c> ils y tr\v]ont les conseils pratiques dont ils tir]ont pr(it1 soit dans 'ateli]1 soit dans les tudes en ple9 air40--,l',amateur ,photographe4 8,! practical "p ( ,dr4 ,em]son's book is mo/ admirable4444 ,dr4 ,em]son has produc$ "s ( ! mo/ sup]b "w ev] a*iev$ by photography1 & all :o h admir$ 8 beautiful compositions are anxi\s to "k 8 me?ods4 ,he treats ! subject 9 a cle> & =cible way1 & ) mu* orig9ality4444 ,"o reads & reads aga9 ) pleasure f page to page1 & is (t5 delight$ ) ! novelty ( pres5tation4 ,! great virtue ( ,dr4 ,em]son's book is its fre%ness4 ,! read] is n we>i$ ) reit]ation ( old hackney$ ideas & misapplication ( /]eotyp$ rules4 ,x is a record ( ! au?or's own op9ions40 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,photography4 8,?is book conta9s a great] am\nt ( in=mation on ! arti/ic elem5ts to be consid]$ 9 photography ?an any t we "k (4 ,! au?or 444 has elucidat$ v concisely1 yet also v fully1 ! pr9ciples :i* %\ld be kept 9 view 9 mak+ arti/ic & attractive photographs4444 ,9 ^! days ( amateur photography1 :5 ! me*anical & *emical manipulations necess>y to obta9 a good photograph are s easily acquir$1 a book l ?is1 call+ att5tion 9 simple language to ! elem5t>y conditions t %\ld be obs]v$ 9 mak+ arti/ic photographs1 w be greatly appreciat$40--,sci5tific ,am]ican4 8,da ,londra1 coi tipi ,sampson ,l[ ,co41 ci giunge una rec5tissima pubblicazione del ,sig4 ,em]son1 col tito #8,naturali/ic ,photography1' essolutam5te orig9ale ed int]essante4 ,l'autore si rivela p] un arti/a intellig5tissimo della fotografia e fac5done la critica con sicurezza di giudizio e con esempii tratti1 nella p>te e/etica1 dai gran di mae/ri40 ,bollett9o dell' ,associazione degli ,amatori di ,fotografia da ,roma4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,adv]tisem5ts4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,w4 ,,watson ,,sons1 #cac1 ,,high ,,holborn1 ,,london1 ,,manufactur]s ,,( ,,highe/ ,,class ,optical & ,photographic ,in/rum5ts4 ------------------------------------ ,,watson',s ,,light ,,premi] ,,cam]as4 ,exce$+ly ,light & ,compact4 ,exce$+ly ,/rong & ,rigid4 ,long ,range ( ,focus4 ,rev]s+ ,back4 ,illu/ration ,v ,highe/ ,quality & ,workman%ip1 ,& made on ! int]*angeable sy/em4 ,! ,d>k ,slides1 ,fronts & ,screw ,nuts be+ fitt$ to /&>d sizes1 extra ones c be suppli$ at any "t1 or ! slides ( any "o ,cam]a w int]*ange ) any o!r = same size plates4 ,ea* includes #c ,d\ble ,slides1 fitt$ ) ,watson's ,pat5t ,/ops & ,spr+ ,cat*es to ! ,%utt]s4 ,size ( #dc4 #ed4 #fd4 #ge4 #hf4 #ajh4 #abaj4 #aeab4 ,cam]a s4d4 s4d4 s4d4 s4d4 s4d4 s4d4 s4d4 s4d4 ,prices #g #ae #j #h #aj #j #i #ab #jaj #j #jab #e #jad #j #jaf #ab #fba #j #j ,extra1 if #a #aj #j #a #aj #j #a #aj #j #a #aj #j #a #ae #j #b #j #j #b #aj #j #c #j #j brass b\nd ,rapid #b #e #j #b #aj #j #c #aj #j #d #j #j #d #aj #j #f #j #j #g #ae #jaj #j #j ,rectil9e> ,l5s ,solid ,lea!r #a #a #j #a #e #j #a #ae #j #a #ae #j #b #b #j #b #ae #j #c #aj #j #e #e #j ,travell+ ,case ,fold+ #a #a #j #a #a #j #a #e #j #a #e #j #a #e #j #a #aj #j #b #b #j #b #aj #j ,tripod ,/& ,in/antane\s #j #ab #f #j #ab #f #j #ab #f #j #ab #f #j #ae #j #j #ae #j #a #j #j #a #e #j ,%utt] ,totals = #ad #d #fae #h #fah #d #fai #b #fbb #ab #jbg #j #jcc #i #jdc #j #j ,sets ,! above ,prices are subject to #aj p] c5t4 disc\nt = ,ca% ) ord]4 ,,watson',s 8,,detective0 ,,cam]as4 ,! mo/ p]fect & conv5i5t =m ( ,in/antane\s ,app>atus extant4 ------------------------------------ ,,/udio ,,cam]as1 ,,backgr\nds1 ,,exposure ,,%utt]s1 ,,di%es1 ,,dry ,,plates1 ,,*emicals1 c4 ------------------------------------ ,an ,illu/rat$ & ,descriptive ,catalogue1 ( e in/rum5t & accessory requir$ 9 ,photography1 s5t free to any address on application4 ,ask = ,photo ,li/4 ------------------------------------ ,aw>d$ 9 #ahhi--,! only ,m$al = ,cam]as1 ,ri*mond ,photographic ,exhibition4 ,9 #ahhh--,! only ,m$al = ,cam]as1 & ! only ,m$al = ,/&s1 at ! ,cry/al ,palace ,great ,photographic ,exhibition2 ,! ,gold ,m$al = ,photo4 ,in/rum5t1 ,melb\rne ,int]national ,exhibition4 ,9 #ahhg--,! only ,m$al = ,photo4 ,app>atus1 ,adelaide ,int]national ,exhibition4 ,9 #ahhf--,! only ,gold ,m$al = ,photo4 ,app>atus1 ,liv]pool ,int]national ,exhibition4 ------------------------------------ ,w4 ,,watson ,,sons1 #cac1 ,,high ,,holborn1 ,,london4 ,/eam ,factory--#i1 #aj1 #aa1 ,fulwoods ,r5ts1 ,w4,c4 ,,e/abli%$ #ahcg4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,s&s ,,hunt]1 ,photographic ,app>atus ,manufactur]s1 ,o1 ,,cranb\rn ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ------------------------------------ ,illu/ration ,,s&s ,,hunt]',s ,,new ,,light ,,cam]a1 8,,! ,,imp]ial10 ,is specially con/ruct$ = ,t\ri/s1 comb9+ bo? /r5g? & lightness1 is portable & p]fectly rigid1 has long ext5d+ focus1 rev]s+ hold]1 d\ble sw+ back ) indep5d5t motions1 rack & p9ion focus+ adju/m5t1 be/ quality lea!r bell[s1 c4 ,! back & front c be fix$ at any "p ( ! basebo>d1 & are firmly fix$ by clamp+ rods4 ,! gr\nd glass focus+ scre5 is protect$ by ! basebo>d :5 clos$ = travell+4 ,n4,b4--,! above cam]a is n[ fitt$ ) ,s&s & ,hunt]'s ,new ,pat5t ,sw+ ,back4 ,price1 includ+ #c d\ble backs ) spr+ fa/5+s3-- #dc or #ed #fd #ge or #he #hf #ajh #abaj #aeab #f #fs4 #h #ajs4 #i #es4 #aj #ab #ae #ah #aes4 ,brass ,b9d+ ,cam]a & #c d\ble backs3--#h #e & "u1 #a #ajs42 #h #f to #aj #h1 #b2 #ab #aj1 #b #es42 #ae #ab1 #c4 ,russia lea!r bell[s1 extra3--#d #c or #e #d1 #ags42 #f #d to #h #e1 #a #bs42 #h #f1 #a #ds42 #aj #h1 #a #fs42 #ab #aj1 #a #aes42 #ae #ab1 #b #ajs4 ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue po/ free4 ,,s&s ,,hunt]1 ,,london4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,amateur ,,price #b;d4 ,,publi%$ ,,weekly4 ,photograph]4 ------------------------------------ ,,important ,,adv]tis+ ,,m$ium4 ------------------------------------ ,,be+ ,,! ,,only ,,j\rnal ,,= ,,amateur ,,photograph]s ,9 ,field1 ,/udio1 ,camp2 ,afloat1 ,a%ore2 9 ,t[n or ,c\ntry2 at ,home & ,abroad4 ------------------------------------ ,n4,b4--,all communications respect+ ,adv]tisem5ts to be address$ to ,,p>ry ,,craw=d1 #eb1 ,long ,acre1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ,,! ,,t\ri/',s ,,companion4 ------------------------------------ ,,%ew',s ,,eclipse ,,pocket ,,cam]a1 or ,fix$ ,focus ,h& ,app>atus 7,pat5t74 ,illu/ration3 ,,cam]a ,,op5 ready = use4 ,illu/ration3 ,fold$ = ! ,pocket1 ,weight #ab ounces1 = ,pictures #d #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,enclos$ 9 ,detective ,case ) ,roll] ,slide = #dh ,pictures or ?ree ,d\ble ,backs4 ,we w\ld call special att5tion to ! sup]iority ( ! results obta9$ ) ?is little in/rum5t ov] ^? ( ! _m o!rs introduc$ s9ce we fir/ made ! ,eclipse4 ,z a fir/-class work+ in/rum5t x /ill has no rival4 ,/reet ,views1 ,gr\ps1 ,ar*itectural subjects1 ,l&scapes1 ,panorama1 c41 are obta9$ ) m>vell\s detail1 p>ticul>ly suitable = ,lant]n ,transp>5cies & = enl>g+ to an extraord9>y ext5t4 ,detective ,case ,app>atus ,fitt$ ) ,?ree ,d\ble = ,roll] ,slide1 ,size4 ,complete1 "o ,roll] ,slide ,backs fitt$ & ,cam]a op51 ,d\ble ,back4 = #dh = or ?ree ,d\ble ,pictures4 ,backs4 #c #c #d #d #j -- #a #ac #j -- #d #c #d #i #j #f #e #j #a #ac #j #a #a #j #e #d #e #j #j #g #aj #j #a #ah #f #a #e #j #f #d #f #j #j #h #ae #j #b #e #j #a #e #j #ab #i c5timet]s1 #e #e #j #g #e #j #a #af #j #a #e #j #af #ab 0 #f #j #j #h #ae #j #b #e #j #a #g #f #ah #ac 0 #f #aj #j #i #g #f #b #h #j #a #aj #j ,screw & fitt+ plates to ,cam]a = use on ,/&1 ,clip1 or ,cam]a ,re/1 = ,l&scape or ,portrait1 ei!r size1 #b_/-4 ,illu/ration ,,%ew',s ,,pat5t ,,pocket ,,cam]a ,,re/1 or ,support = ,h& ,cam]as4 ,an ,+5i\s ,sub/itute = a /& :]e x is impossible1 ?r\gh want ( light or o!r causes1 to obta9 an in/antane\s exposure4 ,in/antly atta*+ ! ,cam]a to any wood5 projection4 ,no t\ri/ %\ld be )\t x4 ,weight4 ,size4 ,price1 po/ free4 ,= -,plate ,cam]as #b oz4 #d #b 94 #c_/c ,= -,plate 0 #f 0 #g #b #a 0 #d_/c ,,%ew',s ,,eclipse ,,enl>g+ ,,or ,,r$uc+ ,,app>atus1 ,see special circul>1 free on application to ,j4 ,f4 ,,%ew ,,co41 #hh1 ,,newman ,,/41 ,f\r doors (f ,ox=d ,/41 ,,london1 ,w4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,george ,,h>e1 ,,photographic ,,app>atus ,,manufactur]1 #bf1 ,cal?orpe ,/reet1 ,gray's ,inn ,road1 ,,london4 ,,f\rte5 ,,prize ,,m$als h be5 aw>d$ to ,g4 ,,h>e',s ,cam]as & ,*ang+-,box = ,excell5ce ( ,design & ,workman%ip4 ,,silv] ,,m$al aw>d$ at ! ,int]national ,inv5tions ,exhibition = ,excell5ce 9 ! manufacture ( ,cam]as4 ------------------------------------ ,g4 ,,h>e',s ,,new ,,cam]a4 ,,inv5t$ ,,& ,,introduc$1 ,,june1 #ahhb4 ,! ,be/ & mo/ compact ,cam]a ev] ,inv5t$4 ,illu/ration ,s9ce its introduction1 ?is ,cam]a has receiv$ sev]al important modifications 9 con/ruction4 ,x /&s unrivall$ = elegance1 lightness1 & g5]al utility4 ,x is specially adapt$ = use ) ! ,ea/man-,walk] ,roll ,hold]4 ,a #f #d ,cam]a measures :5 clos$ #h #h #b 941 weighs only #d lbs41 & ext5ds to #ag 94 ,! /eady & increas+ dem& = ?is ,cam]a is ! be/ pro( ( its popul>ity4 8,little ne$ be said ( ,mr4 ,george ,h>e's well-kn[n ,pat5t ,cam]a1 except t x =ms ! model ^u :i* ne>ly all ! o!rs 9 ! m>ket are bas$40--,vide ,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,photography1 ,augu/ #bh1 #ahhe4 ,size ( ,squ>e1 ) ,brass,size ( ,squ>e1 ) ,brass ,plate4 ,rev]sible ,hold]4 ,b9d+4,plate4 ,rev]sible ,hold]4 ,b9d+4 #e #d #f #j #j #j #af #jaj #h #i #af #j #a #d #j #f #d #g #b #f #a #j #jab #aj #aa #j #j #a #f #j #g #e #g #aj #j #a #j #jae #ab #ac #e #j #a #aj #j #h #f #h #ae #j #a #j #j,^! prices include "o ,d\ble ,slide4 ,s9ce ?is ,cam]a has be5 introduc$1 x has be5 aw>d$ ,,?ree ,,silv] ,,m$als3 at ,brussels ,int]national ,photographic ,exhibition1 #ahhc2 at ! ,royal ,cornwall ,polyte*nic ,society1 ,falm\?2 & at ! ,,int]national ,,inv5tions ,,exhibition1 #ahhe4 ,also ,bronze ,m$al1 ,bri/ol ,int]national ,exhibition1 #ahhc--;,,highe/ ,,aw>d4 ,g4 ,,h>e',s ,improv$ ,portable ,bell[s ,cam]a4 ,,inv5t$ ,,& ,,introduc$ #ahgh4 ,illu/ration ,?is ,cam]a (f]s _m advantages :]e a little extra weight & bulk is n object$ to4 ,x is v solid & firm 9 con/ruction1 & especially suit$ = ,india & o!r try+ climates4 ,,prices1 ) "o ,d\ble ,slide & ,h+$ ,focuss+ ,scre53-- ,horizontal & ,squ>e1 ) ,brass ,= ,plates4 ,v]tical4 ,rev]sible ,hold]4 ,b9d+4 #f #d #f #g #f #g #ab #f #a #j #j #h #f #g #ah #j #i #e #j #a #j #j #aj #h #i #d #j #aj #af #j #a #e #j #ab #aj #aj #ac #j #ab #e #j #a #aj #j #ae #ab #ac #e #j #ae #aj #j #b #j #j #ah #af #bj #ae #j #bd #j #j #b #aj #j ,= ,prices ( ,extra ,d>k ,slides & ,inn] ,frames1 ,see ,catalogue4 ,,h9ton ,c,o4 #ch ,,b$=d ,,/reet ,,/r&1 ,w4,c4 ,,ph>maceutical1 ,,op]ative ,,photographic ,,*emi/s4 ,,h9ton',s ,,fold+ ,,plate ,,racks1 #djjj sold 9 "o ye>4 ,,h9ton',s ,,magnesium ,,fla% ,,lamps1 ! mo/ practical made4 ,,h9ton',s ,,pure ,,*emicals1 always reliable4 ,,h9ton',s ,,/&>d ,,ready-,,made ,,solutions4 ,,h9ton',s 8,,college0 ,,d>k ,,room ,,lamps1 #aj_/f4 ,,h9ton',s ,,select$ ,,l5ses ,,at ,,mod]ate ,,prices4 ,,h9ton',s ,,cam]as ,,( ,,season$ ,,wood ,,& ,,be/ ,,workman%ip4 ,,h9ton ,,co4 ,,/ock ,,plates1 ,,films1 & ,,pap]s by all ! be/ mak]s4 ,,dep,t = ,,wray',s ,,magnific5t ,,l5ses1 ,,liesegang',s ,,ari/otype ,,pap]1 & ,,newman',s ,,accurate ,,"t ,,%utt]4 ,,s5d ,,= ,,h9ton',s ,,price ,,li/4 ------- ,regi/]$ ,g4,w4,w4 ,trade ,m>k4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,wilson ,co41 #b1 ,,/4 ,,s)9 ,,/reet1 ,,ab]de51 ,:olesale ,l&scape ,photograph]s & ,photographic ,publi%]s1 ,,lant]n ,,slide ,,mak]s ,,& ,,enl>g]s ,,& ,,process ,,pr9t]s4 ---------------------------- ,catalogues & ,price ,li/s ,po/ ,free on application4 --------------------- ,,correspond5ce ,,invit$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,plat9otype ,,pr9t+ ,f ,photograph]s' own ,negatives c>efully execut$1 by ,ri*>d ,ke5e1 s z to secure ! ,,be/ ,,results4 --------------------- ,,ret\*+1 ,,natural ,,skies1 c41 ,,at ,,mod]ate ,,co/4 --------------------- ,price ,li/ ,po/ ,free on application to ,,ri*>d ,,ke5e1 ,,d]by4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,amateur ,,photograph]4 ,,publi%$ ,,weekly4 ,price #b;d4 ------------------ ,,important ,,adv]tis+ ,,m$ium4 ------------------ ,be+ ! ,,only ,,j\rnal = ,,amateur ,,photograph]s 9 ,field1 ,/udio1 ,camp2 ,afloat1 ,a%ore2 9 ,t[n or ,c\ntry2 at ,home & ,abroad4 ,n4,b4--,all communications respect+ ,adv]tisem5ts to be address$ to ,,p>ry ,,craw=d1 #eb1 ,,long ,,acre1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,publi%$ ,,e ,,friday4 ,,price #b;d4 ,illu/ration3 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,amateur ,,photograph] ,a ,popul> ,illu/rat$ ,j\rnal ,devot$ to ,photography & ! k9dr$ ,arts4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,w4 ,,ha/+s4 ,london3 ,,hazell1 ,,watson ,,v9ey1 ,ld41 #eb1 ,long ,acre1 ,w4,c4 ,& ?r\gh all ,newsag5ts & ,photographic ,deal]s4 ,,specim5 ,,copy ,,free ,,on ,,application4 #aj_/aj p] ye>1 #e_/f = ,six ,mon?s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,polyte*nic ,s*ool ,,( ,photography1 #cji1 #caa1 ,,reg5t ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4 ,,! ,,s*ool is op5 daily = ,practical ,in/ruction 9 all bran*es ( ,,photography4 ,! ,,/udio & ,,d>k ,,rooms are lit by ,electricity1 & ! appliances are complete 9 e respect4 --------------------- ,,t]ms ,,= ,,private ,,in/ruction3-- s4 d4 ,9 ,dry ,plate ,photography & ,silv] ,pr9t+1 until #e #e #j pr(ici5t 0 ,ret\*+ #e #e #j 0 ,develop+ 7special c\rse7 #b #ab #f 0 ,c>bon ,pr9t+ #b #b #j 0 ,enl>g+ #b #b #j 0 ,plat9um ,pr9t+ #a #a #j --------------------- ,,=ty-,,eight ,,prize ,,m$als ,h be5 aw>d$ to ,/ud5ts ( ! ,s*ool at ,exhibitions4 --------------------- ,a ye>'s practical ,tra9+ at ! ,s*ool is ! be/ ,photographic ,education obta9able 9 ! ,_w4 --------------------- ,,full ,,p>ticul>s ,,on ,,application4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,p4 ,,meagh]',s ,,field ,,& ,,/udio ,,cam]as ,,& ,,/udio ,,/&s ,h receiv$ ! ,highe/ ,aw>ds :]ev] ,exhibit$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 8,! ,cam]as ( ,,meagh] des]ve special ,exam9ation1 z well = ! p]fection ( _! workman%ip z = _! p]fect adaptation to ! purpose = :i* !y are design$40--,vide ,report ( ,jurors1 ,class ,,ix41 ,int]national ,exhibition1 ,p>is4 ,?is ,cam]a is ,light1 ,portable1 & quickly set up ready = use1 & is p]fectly rigid :5 ext5d$4 ,fig4 #a4 %[s ! ,cam]a pack$ up4 ,fig4 #b %[s ! ,cam]a ) ,rev]s+ ,frame & ,front ext5d$4 ,ea* ,cam]a is suppli$ ) two ,fronts :i* c be rais$ or l[]$ z requir$4 ------------------------------------ ,,meagh]',s ,,improv$ ,,portable ,,bell[s ,,cam]a4 ,specially con/ruct$ = use ) ,dry ,plates4 ,x is fitt$ ) ,s+le or ,d\ble ,action ,sw+ ,back1 & ! focuss+ is effect$ by ,screw or ,rack ,adju/m5t4 ,prices1 ) ,s+le ,sw+ ,back & ?ree ,d\ble ,backs1 ea* c>ry+ two ,prep>$ ,plates3-- ,= #e #d #e #ae #j ,ditto1 ) ,d\ble ,sw+ ,back1 ,rev]s+ ,frame1 & #h #e #j ,ext5d+ ,front = ,long ,focus ,= #f #d #g #a #j ,ditto1 ) ,d\ble ,sw+ ,back1 ,rev]s+ ,frame1 & #i #aa #j ,ext5d+ ,front = ,long ,focus ,= #g #e #g #e #j ,ditto1 ) ,d\ble ,sw+ ,back1 ,rev]s+ ,frame1 & #i #ae #j ,ext5d+ ,front = ,long ,focus ,= #h #f #h #aj #j ,ditto1 ) ,d\ble ,sw+ ,back1 ,rev]s+ ,frame1 & #aa #ae #j ,ext5d+ ,front = ,long ,focus ,= #aj #h #aj #e #j ,ditto1 ) ,d\ble ,sw+ ,back1 ,rev]s+ ,frame1 & #ad #e #j ,ext5d+ ,front = ,long ,focus ,,brass-,,b9d+ ,,cam]a1 & ,?ree ,d\ble ,backs up to #h #f1 #a #hs42 #aj #h1 #a #acs4 ,,= ,,prices ,,( ,,l>g] ,,sizes ,,see ,,illu/rat$ ,,catalogue4 ,illu/rat$ ,catalogues ,po/ ,free4 ,t5 ,p] ,c5t4 ,disc\nt = ,ca% ) ,ord]4 ,,l5ses ,,by ,,ross1 ,,dallmey]1 ,,& ,,all ,,o!r ,,mak]s4 ,,ag5t ,,= ,,! ,,abney ,,& ,,d]by ,,dry ,,plates1 ,& ,,blan*>d',s ,,s5sitiz$ ,,pap]s4 ------------------------------------ ,,manufactory3--#ba1 ,s\?ampton ,r[1 ,high ,holborn1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,beck',s #8,,autograph' ,,l5ses ,,) ,,iris ,,diaphragm4 ,illu/ration ,,blake ,,edg>1 ,arti/s 9 ,photography1 #gd1 ,midl& ,road1 ,b$=d4 ,messrs4 ,r4 ,j4 ,,beck4 ,de> ,sirs1 ,! ,no4 #e ,l5s1 aft] sev]e te/+1 has prov$ to be a ,spl5did & ,reliable ,in/rum5t1 & c&idly we expect$ a good ?+2 b ) ?is ,l5s1 = all ! purposes we h tri$ x1 ! results are f> above our expectations4 ,dur+ ,tw5ty-five ,ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 ,photography1 only ,l5ses ( ! two ,be/ ,mak]s h be5 us$4 ,we c confid5tly say we pref] y\r ,l5s to any ( ! o!rs we h4 ,we are1 ,de> ,sirs1 y\rs respectively1 ,,blake ,,edg>4 ,illu/ration ,,full ,,catalogues ,,on ,,application ,,to ,r4 ,j4 ,,beck1 #fh1 ,cornhill1 ,,london4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,special ,,notice ,,to ,,lov]s ,,( ,,art ,,photography4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,x is a recogniz$ fact by all ! lead+ ,art ,photograph]s ( ! day t a s+le ,l&scape ,l5s is absolutely ! be/ = correct r5d]+ ( di/ances 9 ,l&scape ,pictures1 & t1 provid+ ! ,l5s is c>efully correct$1 a beautiful s(tness & tru?fulness ( atmosph]ic di/ance is ! natural result4 ,! ,/]eoscopic ,company claim = _! 8,,black ,,b&0 s+le ,l&scape ,l5ses absolute p]fection 9 ?is respect4 ------------------------------------ ,extract f ! ,,amateur ,,photograph] ( ,june #h1 #ahhh4 8,! space at our comm& =bids u to m ?an m5tion ! conical-%ape s+le l&scape l5s1 a useful addition to e photograph]'s kit1 :]e views ( m\nta9 sc5]y are to be tak51 ! di/ances be+ r5d]$ ) tru] p]spective ?an is ! case ) ! rectil9e>40 ------------------------------------ ,illu/ration ,,prices4 ,no4 #a4 ,size #e #d #a #aa #f 0 #b4 0 #ge #b #ab #f 0 #c4 0 #hf #c #ac #f 0 #d4 0 #aj #h #d #ad #f 0 #e4 #e #e #j 0 #ab #aj ,! ,london ,/]eoscopic & ,photographic ,co41 ,ltd4 #aaj #ajh1 ,,reg5t ,,/reet1 ,w41 #ed1 ,,*eapside1 ,e4,c4 ---------------------------- ,,new ,,illu/rat$ ,,price ,,li/1 #bjj pp41 po/ free1 #g ,/amps4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note ,on p4 #ajb1 ! />t ( an app>5t quotation f ,helmholtz is n m>k$1 b mo/ likely beg9s ) 8we see ?is 9 comb9ation44404 ,beg9n+ on p4 #aje1 an ext5d$ quotation f ,helmholtz seems to ext5d ?r\gh p4 #ajg1 :]e ! end+ quotation m>k appe>s4 ,! conv5tional practice ( punctuation across p>agraphs 0 n obs]v$4 ,?is occurs aga9 on pp4 #bgi-bha ) a quotation = ,t4,f4 ,woodall4 ,errors deem$ mo/ likely to be ! pr9t]'s h be5 correct$1 & are not$ "h4 ,! ref]5ces are to ! page & l9e 9 ! orig9al4 ,! foll[+ issues %\ld be not$1 along ) ! resolutions4 #eg4bc ,o_/kio4 ,replac$4 #fd4bh ,wo]mann ,add$4 #gi4h & sometimes 8impresssions0 9 oil ,remov$4 #he4bf ,!n we h fir/ ,descamps ,ins]t$4 #hh4a pr9cipal featn_/ures are already beautiful ,inv]t$4 #ajh4ab we di/+ui% !m f ! int]m$iate sic waves40 #adj4cc suppli$ 9 telo_/escopic =m ,replac$4 #ahb4cj on ,dr4 ,v_/ogel's plates ,replac$4 #bjh4bh negatives _h be5 reproduced "h ,ins]t$4 #bbb4b ,copyright 7,works ( ,art7 ,ac4 ,act4 ,re/or$4 #bdb4ae composition1 t _/is selection ,re/or$4 #bga4ba ,consid]able pressure mu/ be ex]ted ,re/or$4 #bhi4cd ,h>d+ & ,bon+ton 9 ,engl& ,ins]t$4 #cje4de 8,mod]n dry plates10 ,add$4 #cjg4ae 8,m]e transscripts ( ,nature10 ,remov$4 #cjb4i & cry+ ?an in any ,italian ,re/or$4 a#b4f t _/hr\gh s$gy solitudes ,re/or$4 a#b4ad ,! set ( l&scapes :i* c _/lose ! ,re/or$4 volume a#d4aa may ju/ly fee _/l pr\d4 ,re/or$4 a#g4ab to r read !m to ?9k & act sic3 lead8