,library of ,congress47 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,the ,table of ,contents follows the body of the text4 ,additional ,transcriber's ,notes are at the end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,physical ,,amusements ,,and ,,diverting ,,experiments4 ,illustration ,,physical ,,amusements ,,and ,,diverting ,,experiments4 ,,composed ,,and ,,performed ,,in ,,different ,,capitals ,,of ,,europe1 ,,and ,,in ,,london4 ,,by ,,signor ,,giuseppe ,,pinetti1 ,,de ,,wildalle1 ,,knight ,,of ,,the ,,german ,,order ,,of ,,merit ,,of ,,st4 ,,philip1 ,,professor ,,of ,,mathematics ,,and ,,natural ,,philosophy1 ,,pensioned ,,by ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,prussia1 ,,patronized ,,by ,,all ,,the ,,royal ,,family ,,of ,,france1 ,,aggregate ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,academy ,,of ,,sciences ,,and ,,belles ,,lettres ,,of ,,bordeaux1 ,c4 ,illustration ,,london3 ,,printed ,,in ,,the ,,year ,m ,,dcc ,,lxxxiv4 ,,preface4 ,the honour of performing several physical amusements before their ,britannic ,majesties and the ,royal ,family1 was an event that flattered my ambition in the highest degree4 ,to obtain their suffrages1 and those of that part of this enlightened nation1 before which ,i have repeated the same experiments and amusements at the ,theatre ,royal1 ,hay-,market1 was the summit of my wishes4 ,having obtained these two desirable ends1 ,i blessed the moments ,i had devoted to the study of natural philosophy and mathematics2 to them ,i am indebted for these inestimable advantages4 ,some invidious hints insinuated relative to the means ,i practised for performing these several experiments came to trouble the happiness ,i enjoyed4 ,the opportunities ,i had of demonstrating publicly the simplicity and fairness of the execution of my experiments1 which had appeared complicated to such a degree as to require a confederate1 have put me in the happy way of destroying those unfavourable impressions1 and of undeceiving those persons who honoured me with their presence2 their repeated applauses have been a very flattering testimony of their approbation of my endeavours to amuse the public4 ,several persons of the first rank having signified their wishes that ,i would publish some few easy means of amusing a company1 whether in town or in the country2 ,i could not refuse to comply with their desire3 this is the motive of this little publication4 ,being near my departure for ,france1 ,i shall trace hastily a few experiments1 which will be as simple as they are entertaining1 and easy to be performed4 ,if amongst them there should be found1 by chance1 some that are known1 or even printed1 ,i hope it will not be taken amiss1 nor ,i shall be looked upon as a plagiary4 ,unacquainted with this town1 ,i cannot be informed of all that exists in print3 besides1 as in this age the study of natural philosophy is so universal1 it cannot be in the least astonishing if some of the experiments resulting from that science were already known4 ,therefore ,i claim by anticipation the indulgence of those who read this work4 ,my only wish is to be so happy as to unite in this book the clearness and precision necessary to enable my readers to perform what is contained in each chapter4 ,my project on my return to this metropolis1 is to endeavour to obtain again the suffrages of the nation1 by performing some new experiments4 ,to reveal on this occasion those which ,i have performed till now1 would be hurtful to my fortune3 besides1 most of them require a great deal of mechanism and great preparations4 ,others depend on much dexterity and subtilty2 which are out of my power to give1 and out of a possibility to be communicated in writing4 ,if this feeble ,essay1 which ,i have the honour of presenting to the public1 is favourably received1 ,i promise on my return1 and after ,i have merited their favour1 to publish the means ,i have used to execute all ,i have performed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration ,,physical ,,amusements ,,and ,,diverting ,,experiments4 ,,chap4 ,i4 ,curious ,method of restoring to ,life1 in two ,minutes1 a ,fly that has been drowned even twenty-four ,hours4 ,this wonderful experiment1 like many others1 is produced by a very simple cause4 ,take a fly1 put it in a glass or cup full of water2 cover it so as to deprive the fly of air2 when you perceive it to be quite motionless1 you may take it out and put it on a place exposed to the sun1 and cover it with salt3 in two minutes it will revive and fly away4 ,,chap4 ,,ii4 ,to make a ,colour that will appear or disappear by ,means of the ,air4 ,take a smelling-bottle2 put in it some alkali volatile1 in which you have dissolved some copper filings3 this will produce a blue colour4 ,present then the smelling-bottle to one of the company1 desiring him to stop it2 and1 to their great astonishment1 the colour will disappear as soon as the smelling-bottle is stopped3 you will make it easily re-appear by taking off the cork1 which will be not less surprising4 ,,chap4 ,,iii4 ,a ,method of drawing a deformed ,figure1 which will appear well proportioned from a certain ,point of ,view4 ,draw any thing you may fancy on a thin white pasteboard2 then prick it2 afterwards put the same on an horizontal surface1 which we will suppose to be another pasteboard4 ,put a lighted candle behind that drawing1 and draw on the horizontal surface the lines given by the light3 this will give a deformed design4 ,this being done1 take away the drawing that was pricked and the candle2 then place your eye where the light was1 and you will see your drawing assume a regular form4 ,,chap4 ,,iv4 ,to change the ,colour of a ,rose4 ,nothing more is wanting to change the colour of a rose1 whether it is on its stalk or not1 but to burn some sulphur under it2 which will make it turn white1 and it will not regain its primitive colour in less than two hours4 ,,chap4 ,v4 ,to render hideous the ,faces of all the ,company4 ,dissolve some salt and saffron in some spirits of wine2 dip a little tow in it and set fire to it4 ,at this light1 those who are of a fair complexion will appear green1 and the red of the lips and cheeks turn to a deep olive colour4 ,,chap4 ,,vi4 ,method of ,engraving in ,relief on the ,shell of a new-laid ,egg4 ,chuse an egg that has a thick shell2 wash it well in fresh water2 then dry it very carefully with a linen cloth2 this being done1 put some tallow or fat in a silver spoon2 then hold it on the fire2 when the fat is melted and very hot1 it will serve instead of ink for drawing with a new pen whatever you like4 ,this being finished1 you are to take the egg by the two ends between two fingers1 and then lay it gently in a tumbler filled with good white wine vinegar2 wherein1 after remaining for three hours and an half1 the acid of the vinegar will have eaten enough of the thickness of the shell2 and as it cannot have the same effect on those places that are covered with the fat1 all the drawing will have preserved its thickness1 and will form the relief that is wanted1 the operation sought for4 ,by this means one may draw on an egg a coat of arms1 a mosaic piece1 medallion1 or any other design whatever4 ,,chap4 ,,vii4 ,how to shoot a ,swallow flying1 with a ,gun loaded with ,powder1 as usual2 and after1 to find ,means to bring it to life again4 ,load your gun with the usual charge of powder1 but instead of shot put half a charge of quicksilver2 prime and shoot3 if your piece bears ever so little near the bird1 as it is not necessary to touch it1 the swallow will find itself stunned and benumbed to such a degree1 as to fall to the ground in a fit4 ,as it will regain its senses in a few minutes1 you may make use of the time by saying1 that you are going to bring it to life again2 this will astonish greatly the company2 the ladies will no doubt interest themselves in favour of the bird1 and intercede for its liberty3 sympathizing with their feelings for the little prisoner1 may be the means of some of them sympathizing with yours4 ,,chap4 ,,viii4 ,to make a ,calve's ,head bellow as if alive1 when dressed and served up4 ,this is effected by a simple and innocent stratagem2 it consists in what follows3 take a frog that is alive1 and put it at the farther end of the calve's head1 under the tongue1 which you will let fall over it2 taking care not to put the frog there till the calve's head is going to be served up4 ,the heat of the tongue will make the frog croak2 which sound1 coming from the hollow part of the head1 will imitate the bellowing of a calf as if it were alive4 ,,chap4 ,,ix4 ,a puzzling ,question to be proposed for ,solution4 ,set down three sums on paper2 and say to the company1 ladies and gentlemen1 there are three sums1 very different from each other1 and very disproportionate2 yet ,i wish to divide them among three persons1 so that they may have an equal sum each1 and yet without altering any thing in either of the sums4 ,this will appear very difficult1 yet nothing so simple and easy2 one single addition will suffice to prove to you that the amount of each sum will be the same1 and that the shares will not enrich much the respective persons3 here is the proof3 ,,example4 #eacdabb #fabed #gbah ,,operation4 ,cast up the first of these sums in the following manner1 and say1 #e and #a make #f2 #c more1 #i2 #d more1 #ac2 #a more1 #ad2 #b more1 #af2 and #b more1 #ah3 set down#ah4 ,make the addition of the second sum in the same manner as you have done the first1 and you will find the same sum of#ah4 ,then proceed for the third as in the two preceding1 and the product will be also#ah4 ,here then is my division made1 and each person will have only #ah1 as ,i have proved by the foregoing example4 ,by this we see1 that nothing more is required than to be attentive in setting the sums1 to make the numbers so that each sum may amount only to #ah4 ,you may make the same question on whatever sum you please1 only observing1 as above1 that the amount of the numbers you set may not exceed the sum you desire to belong to each person that is to have a share4 ,,chap4 ,x4 ,how to dispose two little ,figures1 so that one shall light a ,candle1 and the other put it out4 ,take two little figures of wood or clay1 or any other materials you please1 only taking care that there is a little hole at the mouth of each4 ,put in the mouth of one a few grains of bruised gunpowder1 and a little bit of phosphorus in the mouth of the other2 taking care that these preparations are made before hand4 ,then take a lighted wax candle and present it to the mouth of the figure with the gunpowder1 which taking fire will put the candle out3 then present your candle1 having the snuff still hot1 to the other figure2 it will light again immediately1 by means of the phosphorus4 ,you may propose the same effect to be produced by two figures drawn on a wall with a pencil or coal1 by applying1 with a little starch or water1 a few grains of bruised gunpowder to the mouth of one1 and a bit of phosphorus to the mouth of the other4 ,,chap4 ,,xi4 ,a curious ,secret to make a ,card pass from one ,hand into the other4 ,take two deuces1 the one of spades1 the other of hearts2 then put on that of spades the marks of hearts1 and on that of hearts1 those of spades2 which you will do easily1 by splitting a card of each colour1 which you are to cut out with dexterity1 in order that the mark may be very neat3 then rub lightly on the back of the spades and hearts that you have cut1 a little soap1 or very white pomatum2 then put the mark of hearts on the ace of spades1 and the mark of spades on the ace of hearts2 taking care to cover them quite hermetically1 and to make all your preparations before you begin your experiments4 ,divide your pack of cards in two parcels1 and under each parcel you must put one of your two aces thus prepared2 afterwards1 take with your right hand the parcel under which is the ace of hearts1 and with your left that where the ace of spades4 ,you will then shew to the company that the ace of hearts is on the right hand1 and the ace of spades on the left2 when every body is convinced of it1 you are to say1 ladies and gentlemen1 ,i am going to command the ace of hearts1 which is in my right hand1 to pass to my left1 and the ace of spades to take its place2 you may even propose to have both your arms tied1 to prevent their joining and communicating4 ,all the secret consists only in making a movement and stamping of your foot1 when you give your command3 during this movement and stamping of your foot1 you must slip with dexterity your little finger on each of the marks1 in order to rub off and make the marks of spades and hearts1 that were sticking on the two cards by the means explained before1 fall1 without any body perceiving it2 then you will shew to the company that the cards have obeyed your command1 by passing from the left to the right1 and from the right to the left1 without your hands communicating4 ,this trick1 done with dexterity and subtilty1 will appear very singular1 although it is very simple4 ,,chap4 ,,xii4 ,to change a ,card which is in the ,hand of a ,person1 recommending him to cover it well4 ,cut out a three of spades very neatly2 then1 the card being cut through1 take an ace of diamonds1 which you are to place under your three of spades that was cast out1 taking care that your ace of diamonds is perfectly covered by the spades1 which is found in the middle of the three that is cut out3 and then you must pour lightly on that card some jet powder1#a which will easily stick on the places rubbed with pomatum1 and by that means will form a three of spades on the card that was before an ace of diamonds4 ,take in your hand an ace of diamonds1 behind which you must put a three of spades1 turned the contrary way4 ,the ,person who has in his hand the three of spades that is prepared1 will shew the card to all the company2 you will shew in your turn the ace of diamonds that you have in yours1 and then tell that person to lay his card downwards on the carpet that covers the table2 make him lay his hand on the card1 and ask him whether he is very certain that it is a three of spades he has under his hand4 ,on his affirmative1 you may rally him on it1 and tell him1 at the same time that you push his hand which is over the card1 that he is mistaken1 and that it is an ace of diamonds he holds4 ,the movement you will cause him to make while you push his hand1 under which the card is1 will make the jet powder1 that formed the three of spades over the ace of diamonds1 remain on the carpet1 and he will be extremely astonished to find really an ace of diamonds1 whilst you1 who make the trick1 by turning your hand where the three of spades and the ace of diamonds are1 back to back1 will shew1 the three of spades1 and make the company believe that you have conveyed it from the person who held the same without his perceiving it4 ,this trick must be done dexterously and quickly1 in order that the little deception be not discovered4 ,practice is the greatest master4 ,,footnote3 #a ,method of preparing jet powder4 ,pound in a copper mortar your jet1 which must have been bruised a little with a hammer2 when it is well pounded1 it must be sifted through a sieve1 and also through a piece of muslin4 ,keep that powder1 which cannot be too fine1 in a little box1 to use it when occasion may require3 take a pinch of it either with your fingers or with a piece of paper2 then scatter it on the card1 and it will stick only in those places that have been touched by the roll of pomatum1 and may be taken off very easily by the rubbing against the carpet1 when you will push the hand of the person who covers the card1 without the card being soiled in the least by it4 ,,chap4 ,,xiii4 ,how to guess a ,card that has been thought of by any body1 by writing before hand on a ,paper or ,card a ,number1 which will certainly be that of the ,card that has been thought of4 ,all the preparation of this trick consists in a mathematical combination2 here follows the method of operating in order to succeed4 ,take a pack of piquet cards1 present them to one of the company1 desiring him to shuffle them well1 and to get them shuffled by whoever he pleases3 then make several persons cut them4 ,after which you will propose to one of the company to take the pack1 and think of a card1 and remember it1 as likewise of the number of its order in the pack1 by counting one1 two1 three1 four1 c4 till he comes inclusively to the card thought of by him4 ,then offer to go in another room while he is doing what you required1 or to be blind-folded1 assuring the company that you will declare before-hand1 if required1 the number of the order in which the card is that has been thought of4 ,,example4 ,in the supposition that the person who thinks of the card will stop at number #ac1 and that thirteenth card is the queen of hearts4 ,supposing again that the number you have marked or designed before-hand is number #bd2 you will return in the room in case you had left it2 or desire the handkerchief1 to be taken off1 if you have been blind-folded2 and1 without asking any question of the person who has thought of the card1 ask only for the pack1 and apply it to your nose as if to smell it2 then passing it behind your back1 or under the table1 you must take1 beginning from the bottom of the pack1 twenty-three cards1 that is to say1 one less than the number you had designed before hand2 then place those twenty-three cards on the top of the remainder2 you must take particular care not to put one more or less1 for that would prevent your success4 ,this being done1 you are to return the pack to the person who has thought of the card1 recommending him to reckon the cards from the top of the pack1 beginning by the number of the card he thought of4 ,his card being the thirteenth1 he will be obliged to count fourteen1 and you are to flop him when he comes to twenty three1 telling him that the number you have designed is twenty-four1 and that consequently the twenty-fourth card which he is going to take up will be the queen of hearts1 and it will be exactly the case4 ,,chap4 ,,xiv4 ,a mathematical ,combination for guessing1 in a whole pack composed of fifty-two ,cards1 how many ,points will make the ,cards under each ,parcel1 which ,parcels are to be made by one of the ,company1 observing to him that each ,parcel he makes is to compose the ,number of ,thirteen1 to begin from the ,point of the first ,card which he takes to form each ,parcel4 ,,example4 ,the pack having been shuffled by one or more persons1 make it be cut by as many persons as you think proper4 ,then desire one of the company to form the parcels of cards1 all which must contain thirteen each1 beginning by the first card he takes up4 ,suppose that this first card is a nine1 the next will be called ten1 and so on till thirteen2 consequently this first parcel will be composed of five cards #e ,if the next card should be an ace1 the ace counting only one1 the next parcel will therefore be composed of thirteen cards #ac ,suppose the next card is a court card1 or a ten1 they being of the same value1 this parcel will contain1 in order to make up thirteen1 four cards #d ,if the following should be a five1 then the fourth parcel will contain nine cards #i ,should the next parcel be a seven1 the fifth parcel will be composed of seven cards #g ,a court card being the first of this parcel1 it will be composed of four cards #d ,if the seventh begins by an eight1 it will be composed of six cards #f ,in that case the eighth cannot be made1 except it begins by a ten1 or a court card1 since there remains only four cards to employ the whole number of the cards1 which is fifty two #d ,sum total #eb ,in the supposition then that this eighth parcel begins by a ten1 or court card1 which is the same1 there would remain no cards1 and you would have eight parcels4 ,if it began by any other card1 not adapted to make out thirteen1 there would remain four cards1 which must be spread on the table1 without discovering them4 ,in order to find out the number of points contained under each of the parcels1 whether they be to the amount of eight1 or only seven1 and four cards remaining1 you must make use of the following method3 ,without touching the cards1 separate in your mind four parcels2 then multiply silently by #ad the remaining parcels1 whether they are four or only three4 ,in the first case you are to say in your mind1 #d times #ad are #ef1 then add to this number one point for each of the parcels that you have separated in your mind1 which will make #fj4 ,then make the eight parcels be turned up1 and count the number of points contained in each of the cards that are under1 you will then find #fj1 observing that the aces count only for one point1 and the court cards for #aj4 ,if there should be only #g parcels1 you will have #d cards remaining2 you will however separate #d in your mind2 then you are to multiply the #c remaining parcels by #ad2 and say to yourself1 #c times #ad is #db1 and #d for the #d parcels that you separated1 make #df2 to which you must add #d more for the #d cards that will remain1 which will make #ej4 ,on turning up the #g parcels you will necessarily find #ej4 ,if by chance each parcel should begin by an ace1 which is possible1 you could then make only #d parcels1 and as it must be the #d aces1 that would be found under1 you would only have #d points4 ,if it happened also1 that three parcels began each by an ace1 it would then take up #ci cards2 it is probable that in such a case there would be only four parcels in all1 and a few cards remaining3 you must then content yourself with counting as many points as parcels2 to which you will add one point for each of the remaining cards1 and this will amount infallibly to the just number of the points of the cards under the four parcels4 ,,chap4 ,,xv4 ,to guess the ,thoughts of any ,person1 assuring him1 that you will write before-hand on a piece of ,paper the ,amount of the ,parcel of ,cards he shall happen to chuse out of the two placed on the ,table4 ,take some cards1 divide them into two parcels1 taking care that in one there are only two or three sevens1 and in the other seven court cards2 call for a pen and ink1 and write on a bit of paper the sevens2 then turn the bit of paper down1 that what you have written may not be seen2 then tell the person to make his choice4 ,let him chuse whatever he pleases1 your number will be good1 since if he should chuse the greatest parcel1 you may shew him your paper on which is written the sevens2 then desire him to count the number of cards contained in the parcel he has chosen1 and he will find it to be seven1 as you had guessed4 ,this will appear astonishing to him and to the company3 but they will easily recover from their surprise when1 on raising the other parcel1 you will shew that it contains only sevens1 and consequently whatever parcel he had chosen1 your number1 which you had set down was good1 since one parcel contained seven cards1 and the other nothing but sevens4 ,this trick must not be done twice before the same company1 for then it would become tiresome4 ,but generally whenever you do a trick before a company1 you must never begin it again before the same4 ,,chap4 ,,xvi4 ,a curious and agreeable ,wager1 which you are sure of winning4 ,address some person in the company1 and say1 ,madam1 or ,sir1 have you a watch1 a ring1 an etwee1 or any other trinket8 ,begin by examining what has been given you1 in order to form an idea of its value1 since you are to lay your bet considerably under the intrinsic value of the trinket1 to avoid being duped4 ,suppose what has been offered to you is a watch1 you are to propose a guinea as a wager against it2 saying to the lady or gentleman1 ,i lay a guinea that you do not say three times1 my watch3 when it is put on the table1 and your wager is accepted1 ask the person1 presenting him his watch1 what is that8 he will not fail to answer1 it is my watch4 ,present him afterwards another object1 making him the same question3 suppose the object you present to be a pen1 a piece of paper1 or any other thing4 ,if the person names the object you present1 he has lost2 if1 on the contrary1 he is on his guard1 and answers1 my watch1 you must then say1 ,sir1 ,i see very well ,i have lost2 for if you say once more1 my watch1 you must certainly win2 but if ,i lose1 what will you give me8 the person1 being always on his guard1 will answer again1 my watch3 then1 appealing to his own words1 you will take the watch and leave him the stake4 ,,chap4 ,,xvii4 ,a trick with cards2 uniting the double ,advantage of being very easy and infallible1 it being on a little numerical ,combination4 ,desire some person in the company to chuse1 at his will1 three cards out of a piquet pack1 observing to him1 that the ace is to be counted for #aa points1 the court cards #aj1 and the other cards according to the points they mark4 ,when he has made his choice1 desire him to lay on the table his three cards separately1 and to put upon each parcel as many cards as wanting to make up #ae points2 that is to say1 if the first card should be a nine1 there must be added six cards over2 if the second a ten1 five cards2 and if the third a knave1 five cards likewise2 this will make nineteen cards employed2 consequently there will remain thirteen1 which you are to ask for2 and pretending to examine them1 you must count them in order to be certain of the number that is left2 then in your mind add sixteen to the remaining number1 and you will have twenty-nine1 number of the points that the three chosen cards under the parcels contain4 ,,chap4 ,,xviii4 ,sympathetic ,inks4 ,these kinds of inks are very curious1 and may serve for a great number of physical recreations1 very surprising to such as are not acquainted with the manner of preparing them4 ,one kind1 very easy1 is made by taking an ounce of common aqua fortis1 which you are to mix with three ounces of common water2 you will use this mixture to write on paper that is strong and very stiff3 this writing becomes totally invisible in drying2 and in order to make it reappear1 you need only wet the paper2 and when it dries the writing disappears again4 ,this effect may be repeated two or three times4 ,this process is the easiest to be done1 as the necessary ingredients are almost always at hand4 ,many other things furnish the means of making sympathetic ink1 such as cobalt1 bismuth1 lime1 c4 c4 but they require chemical and difficult preparations to be efficient4 ,the easiest to be obtained are mentioned before2 as the mixture of aqua fortis and common water2 and those that may be formed by dissolutions of salt and acids1 such as lemon or onion juice3 in order to render them visible1 you need only approach them to the fire3 the cold air produces on them the contrary effect4 ,,chap4 ,,xix4 ,to make an addition before the ,figures are set1 by knowing only how many ,figures are in each ,row2 as likewise how many ,rows compose the whole2 and then adding yourself some ,figures equal to those that had been set4 ,suppose the person had set five rows of figures1 each row containing five figures4 ,say in your mind1 as you are making the addition beforehand1 #i times #e make #de2 set down #e and carry #d3 repeat the same thing for each of the five figures1 as if they all counted #i2 therefore for the second1 say again1 #i times #e make #de1 and #d carried over make #di2 set down #i and carry #d3 in the same manner for the third1 say #i times #e are #de1 and #d carried over are #di2 set down #i and carry #d3 for the fourth do the same2 and set down #i and carry #d3 for the fifth repeat the same1 by setting down #i and carrying #d4 ,thus your addition being made before-hand will produce the sum of #diiiie3 then shew this addition to every body in the company2 and beg some one to do you the favour of laying on a paper #e rows of numbers1 containing five figures in each row4 ,,example4 ,suppose the numbers set for you are the following3 #biiga #adefc #gfchb #cggig #hjacj ,you ask leave to add a like quantity of numbers2 in doing this1 you take care that each of the figures you set down make #i with each of the figures that have been given for you4 #gjjbh #hedcf #bcfag #fbbjb #aihfi #diiiie ,the first figure being #b1 you must set #g2 the second being #i1 7which completes the number wanted7 you must set a cypher 7#j72 the third being the same1 operate as before2 the fourth being #g1 set down #b2 the fifth being #a1 set down #h4 ,the second row beginning by #a1 your first figure will be #h2 the second number being #d1 set down #e2 the third being #e1 put down #d2 the fourth being #f1 you must set down #c2 the fifth being #c1 set down #f4 ,as the third row begins by #g1 begin yours by #b2 under the #f lay #c1 then #a under the #h1 and #g under the #b4 ,for the fourth row1 set #f under the #c1 #b under the first #g1 and another #b under the other #g2 a #j under the #i1 and #b under the #g1 which complete this row4 ,you are to do the same for the fifth row1 putting #a under the #h1 #i under the #j1 #h under the #a1 #f under the #c1 and #i under the #j4 ,then desire some of the company to cast up these ten sums1 and it will be found that the product of the whole addition will form the sum of #diiiie4 ,in order to come to this combination1 you need only fix the number of figures that will compose each row1 and determine the number of rows2 then to reckon each row for #i1 as has been shewn above4 ,you may likewise present this addition1 by saying1 that it is the total amount of ten rows1 composed of five figures each2 out of which five rows will be set by the person who chuses to do it2 then multiply secretly as many times #i as you are to set rows of five figures2 therefore multiply #e times #i by #e1 which will give you the sum of #diiiie4 ,the person having set his numbers1 you are to add your five rows1 taking care that every number you set will make #i with that to which it corresponds2 which being done1 you are to ask any one to cast the whole sum up1 and the product will be the same as the sum you set down before-hand4 ,if it were requisite to employ other numbers instead of that of #i1 you should1 in order to succeed1 warn the persons who chuse to set the figures1 to be attentive that their numbers do not exceed that agreed upon4 ,,chap4 ,,xx4 ,an artificial ,spider1 which moves by ,electricity4 ,take a bit of burnt cork1 as big as a pea2 give it the shape of a spider2 make its legs with threads of hemp2 put a grain of lead in the cork to give it some weight2 then hang this artificial spider by a bit of grey sewing silk 7that is not twisted7 between two bodies1 the one electrified and the other not2 or between two bodies endowed with different electricities3 it will go and come between these two bodies1 and the movement of the legs will be seen as plain as if it were a living spider4 ,this artificial spider1 if well made1 will astonish those who see it move so naturally4 ,,chap4 ,,xxi4 ,to extinguish two ,wax ,candles1 and light two others1 distant about three ,feet1 by the firing of a ,pistol1 loaded with ,powder1 as usual4 ,nothing is more simple than the operation which produces this supernatural effect4 #ast4 ,get some whole wax candles1 and let them be recently snuffed4 #b;d4 ,you are to put in the middle of the wick of those candles to be lighted1 about the size of a millet grain of phosphorus2 to do which1 divide the wick with a pin or a tooth-pick2 then place yourself at five or six feet distance from them1 and fire your pistol at the lighted candles1 which will be extinguished by the powder1 whilst it will make the phosphorus take fire1 which will light the other two4 ,you may likewise light a wax candle1 on the wick of which phosphorus has been applied1 according to the foregoing method1 by means of a sword well heated in a near room4 ,you need only present the point of the sword to the wick of the candle1 commanding it to light4 ,n4 ,b4 ,observe that you are not to touch the phosphorus with your fingers2 but take the point of a knife1 or a pair of small pincers4 ,you must take care also1 that the wick of the candle is cold before you put the phosphorus to it2 without this precaution it would take fire immediately4 ,,chap4 ,,xxii4 ,to compose a red ,colour1 imitating the ,colour of ,blood4 ,this liquor or fluid furnishes the entertaining means of making known to a company the person who is most addicted to love4 ,preparation of the ,liquor4 ,cut in very small chips a piece of ,fernambuco wood2 put them in a large glass full of good white wine vinegar2 add to it a bit of common white allum1 of the size of a small nut2 make the whole simmer over a gentle fire for half an hour1 in a new earthen pot or pipkin2 taking care to stir this composition1 in order to prevent it from boiling over while on the fire4 ,when it is taken from the fire1 let it cool1 and strain it through a piece of linen2 then pour it into a bottle of clear glass4 ,you must make all these preparations before-hand2 as these experiments are only agreeable when performed with quickness4 ,you will find it necessary to provide yourself with a tube of clear glass1 about fifteen or eighteen inches long1 about the thickness of a wax candle1 taking care to have it stopt at one end4 ,when you present yourself before a company1 in order to perform this experiment1 you are to carry the tube in your pocket1 and holding the phial in your hand1 you are to say1 8,ladies and gentlemen1 here is a phial containing liquid blood2 ,i hope to make you know by it the person most addicted to love in the company4 8,please to observe that ,i pour a little of this liquor in this tube4 ,as you might imagine that this liquor1 like that put in thermometers1 may rise by dilating itself when exposed to heat1 and consequently the pressure of the hand will suffice to produce this effect1 and it will condense by rarifying when exposed to cold2 ,i assure you1 ladies and gentlemen1 it is not the case2 this liquor differs entirely from that put in thermometers2 and you may easily be convinced of it before ,i make the experiment ,i promised you4 ,you may put it near the heat of a candle1 and even that of a fire1 without any degree of heat making it rise in the least2 but by a peculiar and sympathetic virtue you will see it boil1 when the tube is touched by a person of an amorous disposition40 ,then take out of your pocket a little potash1 keep it in the interior part of the hand that holds the tube at the top1 as if you wanted to keep it shut1 and as soon as the person you wish to make pass for the most amorous in the company takes the lowest part of the tube in his hand1 you are to let fall dexterously a little of the potash in it1 and you will see the liquor boil and rise to the top of the tube1 to the great astonishment of the spectators4 ,,chap4 ,,xxiii4 ,to extinguish a wax ,candle at eighty or a hundred ,paces distance1 by firing a ,gun loaded with ,ball1 and to be certain of not missing1 however unskilful may be the ,marksman4 ,this experiment may be easily tried in the country1 and even in town1 in a garden that is rather large3 the best marksman may be challenged1 and undoubtedly worsted4 ,load a gun with a common charge of powder1 and a leaden ball4 ,your opponent will do the same on his side2 then let him fire first1 that you may see him miss his aim1 as it is very difficult at such a distance to put out a candle4 ,after having rallied him on his pretended skill1 you will fire in your turn1 and will extinguish the candle1 to the great astonishment of the spectators1 who saw you load your gun in the common way with powder and ball1 but did not perceive that your ball was pierced through and through in the form of a cross1 as is represented by the figure that follows3 ,illustration ,the whole magic of this experiment consists in this pierced ball1 by which the elasticity of the air that drives it acquires a divergent force1 by passing through the holes of the ball1 and produces this surprising effect4 ,,chap4 ,,xxiv4 ,to cut a ,glass1 a ,looking-glass1 or even a ,piece of ,crystal1 let it be ever so thick1 without the ,help of a ,diamond1 in the same ,shape as the ,mark of the ,drawing made on it with ,ink4 ,this remarkable operation unites utility with amusement4 ,for being in the country1 or in a place where there is no glazier nor glassman to be had1 the following means will answer the purpose without their help4 ,take a bit of a walnut-tree1 about the thickness of a candle1 and cut one of its ends to a point2 put that end in the fire1 and let it burn till it is quite red4 ,while the stick is burning1 draw on the glass or crystal1 with ink1 the design or outline of the form in which you mean to cut it out4 ,then take a file or a bit of glass and scratch a little the place where you mean to begin your section2 then take the wood red hot from the fire1 and lay the point of it about the twentieth part of an inch1 or thickness of a guinea1 from the marked place2 taking care to blow always on that point in order to keep it red2 follow the drawing traced on the glass1 leaving1 as before1 about the twentieth part of an inch interval every time that you present your piece of wood1 which you must take care to blow often4 ,after having followed exactly the outlines of your drawing1 to separate the two pieces thus cut1 you need only pull them up and down1 and they will divide4 ,,chap4 ,,xxv4 ,to melt a ,piece of ,steel as if it was ,lead1 without requiring a very great ,fire4 ,take a piece of steel and put it in a crucible2 then throw in a handful of antimony in powder3 as soon as your crucible begins to be red1 your piece of steel will melt like lead4 ,pour it afterwards into an earthen vessel1 or a wedge-mould1 to shew the company your operation has succeeded as you had promised4 ,another ,method of melting ,steel1 and to see it liquify4 ,make a piece of steel quite red in the fire2 then holding it with a pair of pincers or tongs1 take in the other hand a stick of brimstone1 and touch the piece of steel with it3 immediately after their contact1 you will see the steel melt and drop like a liquid4 ,,chap4 ,,xxvi4 ,to unite ,wax and ,water 7,things absolutely opposite to each other72 this ,union made in the twentieth ,part of a ,minute1 forms a good ,pomatum to clean the ,skin1 and render it soft and white4 ,it is a fine ,cosmetic4 ,in order to make this mixture1 7useful for many things7 put in a glazed earthen pot quite new1 six ounces of spring or river water1 to two ounces of good white virgin wax2 add to this a good pinch of salt of tartar4 ,if you wish to conceal your operation1 nothing is easier3 make a little roll or stick of wax1 in which you will introduce a pinch of salt of tartar2 put these ingredients on the fire1 and when they begin to heat1 be attentive to stir them with a little stick1 and you will see the union take place as soon as the wax melts2 you will then have it at your option to render the pomatum1 by the result of this operation1 more or less liquid1 by leaving it on the fire more or less time4 ,,chap4 ,,xxvii4 ,a curious ,method of sealing a ,letter1 so as not to be opened1 by variegating the ,seal with different coloured ,species of ,wax4 ,suppose you wish to have your seal of four colours1 and that the cartrage of the escutcheon be yellow or or1 as well as the crown2 the field of the shield or escutcheon1 red or gules2 the seal itself green or synople1 and the supporters1 if any1 black or sable4 ,take off then as many different impressions of your seal as you have kinds of wax to employ1 taking care to make them on a very thin paper2 this being done1 with a pair of scissars cut out of each impression each of the objects that are to be variegated2 that is to say1 begin by cutting out the shield or escutcheon2 and1 by wetting it on the back with the tip of your tongue1 place it on your seal over that part it represents2 then do the same for the cartrage of the shield1 as likewise for the supporters2 and when all is well ranged1 take the green wax1 which is to represent the ground of the seal1 and melt it as you usually do to seal a letter2 then placing the seal on it that has in the mouldings the different objects which are to vary your seal1 each of these objects will be found placed naturally1 and will form a seal of four colours4 ,if any body should attempt to break open the letter by heating the wax1 the different colours in melting must mix and discover evidently the infidelity by their confusion4 ,,chap4 ,,xxviii4 ,to make fine blue ,wax1 which is very difficult to be had4 ,take an ounce of mountain blue1 or blue ashes1 an ounce of fine mastic1 the fifth of an ounce of true ,venice turpentine2 then get a small iron pot or pan1 well cleaned1 and made so as to have a little spout or beak2 put the mastic in it first1 which is to be melted on the fire1 taking care that it does not burn2 then mix the turpentine with it3 this mixture being done1 take the pan from the fire and put the blue ashes in it2 then stir it all well with a little stick3 take care when you put in the blue ashes that the other ingredients are not too hot1 as that would make the colour too black3 when all is well mixed1 and before it is quite cold1 take two pieces of glass1 which must be made wet with water2 then pour on one of them this composition1 in order to roll it in sticks under your fingers1 which must be wet4 ,in order to give this wax the necessary polish1 pass the sticks over the flame of spirits of wine1 which are to be lighted for this purpose4 ,,chap4 ,,xxix4 ,a philosophical ,mushroom4 ,among the numerous and surprising phenomenons produced by different chymical proceedings1 one of the most curious is certainly that of the inflammation of essential oils1 by the mixture of nitrous acid4 ,it is certainly astonishing to see a cold liquor take fire on pouring another cold liquor on it2 such are the means by which one may form in three minutes the mushroom1 called the philosophical mushroom4 ,in order to make this extraordinary and entertaining experiment1 you must provide yourself with a glass1 having a large foot1 the basis of this glass is to terminate in a point1 as the annexed figure shews4 ,illustration ,put in the glass an ounce of spirits of nitre1 well rarified2 then pour over it an ounce of essential oil of guaiacum4 ,this mixture will produce a very considerable ferment1 attended with smoak1 out of which there will rise1 in the space of three minutes1 a spungy body1 resembling perfectly a common mushroom4 ,this spungy substance1 formed by the fat and oily particles of the guaiacum wood1 being drawn up by the air1 covers itself with a very thin coat of the matter that composes the oil of guaiacum4 ,,chap4 ,,xxx4 ,to make a ,ring shift from one ,hand to another1 and to make it go on whatever ,finger is required on the other ,hand1 while somebody holds both your ,arms1 in order to prevent any ,communication between them4 ,desire some person in the company to lend you a gold ring1 recommending him at the same time to make a mark on it that he may know it again4 ,have a gold ring of your own1 which you are to fasten by a small cat-gut string to a watch barrel1 which must be sown to the left sleeve of your coat4 ,take in your right hand the ring that will be given to you2 then taking with dexterity near the entrance of your sleeve the other ring fastened to the watch barrel1 draw it to the fingers ends of your left hand1 taking care nobody perceives it3 during this operation1 hide between the fingers of your right hand the ring that has been lent to you1 and hang it dexterously on a little hook sewed on purpose on your waistcoat near your hip1 and hid by your coat2 you will after that shew your ring which you hold in your left hand2 then ask the company on which finger of the other hand they wish it to pass4 ,during this interval1 and as soon as the answer has been given1 put the before-mentioned finger on the little hook1 in order to slip on it the ring2 at the same moment let go the other ring1 by opening your fingers3 the spring which is in the watch barrel1 not being confined any longer1 will contract1 and make the ring slip under the sleeve1 without any body perceiving it1 not even those who hold your arms1 as their only attention being to prevent your hands from communicating1 they will let you make the necessary motions4 ,these motions must be very quick1 and always accompanied by stamping with your foot4 ,after this operation1 shew the assembly that the ring is come on the other hand3 make them remark well that it is the same that had been lent you1 or that the mark is right4 ,much quickness and dexterity must be made use of to succeed in this entertaining trick1 that the deception may not be suspected4 ,,chap4 ,,xxxi4 ,to guess1 by smelling1 which has been the ,number struck out by a ,person in the ,company1 in the ,product of a ,multiplication given him to do4 ,propose to a person of the company to multiply1 by whatever number he pleases1 one of the three sums which you will give him on a piece of paper2 desire him to strike out whatever figure he pleases of the product of his multiplication1 let him change and invert the order of the remaining figures after the defalcation he has chosen4 ,while the person is making his calculation and the subsequent operations1 go in another room3 when you are told you may return1 desire the person who has done the multiplication1 to give you the remaining product on a piece of paper or card2 put it to your nose as though you would smell it2 then you will tell him1 to the great astonishment of the whole ,company1 what figure he had struck out4 ,in order to do this operation1 first observe1 that the figures composing each of the three sums you propose to be multiplied1 do not exceed the number of #ah4 ,,example4 ,suppose the three sums proposed to be the following3 #caedbc #acbced _/ _/ _/ _/ #i #i #i #i _/ _/ #ah #ah #bebadd _/ _/ #i #i ,supposing that the sum chosen to be multiplied be that of #acbced ,and that the multiplicator be #g ,the product will then be #ibfdgh ,suppose likewise that the figure which has been struck out is the #f1 the remaining ones will form a sum of #ib1dgh4 ,as you let the person who has done the multiplication set down the figures in the order he pleases1 suppose also that he sets them down thus1 on the piece of paper he gives you1 #gi1dhb4 ,when you pretend to smell the paper1 add together in your mind the figures presented to you1 in order to reduce them to nines2 and say in your mind #g and #b make nine2 after that #h and #d make #ab2 in #ab there is #i1 and three remains towards #i more2 to complete which #f is wanting1 which is and must be the figure struck out4 ,this calculation must be made quickly1 and while you pass the paper under your nose under the pretext of smelling it4 ,there is another manner of proceeding to guess the figure left out1 by letting the person chuse the sum he pleases to be multiplied1 but then you must ask him to shew you the sum he means to have multiplied1 and to let you add one figure at your option4 ,in that case1 by running your eyes over the sum set down1 you will easily see what figure you are obliged to add in order to complete the number of #i4 ,,example4 ,in the supposition that the sum set down is the following3 #ghi1ghh ,add in your mind thus3 #g and #h are #ae1 and #i1 #bd2 and #g1 #ca2 and #h1 #ci2 and #h more1 #dg3 in #dg there is #e times #i1 as #i times #e make #de2 there remains #b1 therefore in order to complete #i1 #g are to be added2 consequently the sum to be multiplied will be #g1hig1hhg4 ,then give this sum1 which has been increased by a #g1 to the person who has presented it to you3 and tell him to chuse whatever multiplier he pleases2 then retire while he does the multiplication1 recommending him to strike out the figure he pleases1 as usual1 and to set down on a piece of paper the remaining sum1 the figure being defalcated1 and the remaining figures ranged as he pleases2 and in order to guess the number that was struck out1 you are to proceed as it has been explained for the first manner of operating1 and with the same tricks4 ,,chap4 ,,xxxii4 ,to make any ,pen-knife out of three jump out of a ,goblet1 agreeable to the ,option of the ,company4 ,take a silver goblet1 as1 on account of its opacity1 it will hide the means you will employ to make the pen-knife jump out at the desire of the assembly4 ,this operation consists in a small spring1 about an inch broad1 by two inches and a quarter long4 ,you are to take care to subject or bend this spring before you begin the trick with a little bit of sugar1 which being compressed between the two ends of the spring1 will prevent it from unbending4 ,then ask the company1 shewing your three pen-knives of different colours1 which of them they chuse to see jump out of the goblet4 ,put afterwards your three pen-knives in the goblet1 taking care to lay the end of the handle of the chosen pen-knife in a little round hole that is in the upper end of the spring1 confined by the bit of sugar2 and before you withdraw your hand from the goblet1 which must contain in the bottom some drops of water1 take a little of it with the tip of your finger1 and put it dexterously on the sugar1 which by melting will leave the spring at liberty to extend and make the pen-knife jump out4 ,while the sugar is melting1 you may stand far from the goblet1 and command the pen-knife to jump out2 and this will be done to the great astonishment of the spectators4 ,yet nothing is so simple as the means to make this experiment succeed1 without the least assistance from any confederate4 ,n4 ,b4 ,these little springs1 fit for use1 may be had of ,mr4 ,,pinetti1 ,hay-,market4 ,,chap4 ,,xxxiii4 ,to pull off any ,person's ,shirt1 without undressing him1 or having ,occasion for a ,confederate4 ,this trick requires only dexterity2 and nevertheless1 when ,i performed it at the ,theatre-,royal in the ,hay-,market1 every body imagined that the person whom ,i had tricked out of his shirt was in a confederacy with me4 ,the means of performing this trick are the following2 only observing that the cloaths of the person whose shirt is to be pulled off be wide and easy4 ,begin by making him pull off his stock1 and unbuttoning his shirt at the neck and sleeves1 afterwards tye a little string in the button-hole of the left sleeve2 then1 passing your hand behind his back1 pull the shirt out of his breeches1 and slip it over his head2 then pulling it out before in the same manner1 you will leave it on his stomach2 after that1 go to the right hand1 and pull the sleeve down1 so as to have it all out of the arm3 the shirt being then all of a heap1 as well in the right sleeve as before the stomach1 you are to make use of the little string fastened to the button-hole of the left sleeve1 to get back the sleeve that must have slipt up1 and to pull the whole shirt out that way4 ,to hide your way of operating from the person whom you unshirt1 and from the assembly1 you may cover his head with a lady's cloak1 holding a corner of it in your teeth4 ,in order to be more at your ease1 you may mount on a chair1 and do the whole operation under the cloak4 ,such are the means ,i used when ,i performed publicly this trick4 ,,contents4 ,page ,,preface #e ,,chap4 ,i4 ,curious ,method of restoring to ,life1 in two ,minutes1 a ,fly that has been drowned even twenty-four hours #aa ,,chap4 ,,ii4 ,to make a ,colour that will appear or disappear by ,means of the ,air #ab ,,chap4 ,,iii4 ,method of drawing a deformed ,figure1 which will appear well proportioned from a certain ,point of ,view ibid4 ,,chap4 ,,iv4 ,to change the ,colour of a ,rose #ac ,,chap4 ,v4 ,to render hideous the ,faces of all the ,company #ad ,,chap4 ,,vi4 ,method of ,engraving in ,relief on the ,shell of a new-laid ,egg ibid4 ,,chap4 ,,vii4 ,to shoot a ,swallow flying1 with a ,gun loaded with ,powder1 as usual2 and after1 to find ,means to bring it to life again #ae ,,chap4 ,,viii4 ,to make a ,calve's ,head bellow as if alive1 when dressed and served up #af ,,chap4 ,,ix4 ,a puzzling ,question to be proposed for ,solution #ag ,,chap4 ,x4 ,to dispose two little ,figures1 so that one shall light a ,candle1 and the other put it out #ai ,,chap4 ,,xi4 ,a curious ,secret to make a ,card pass from one ,hand into the other #bj ,,chap4 ,,xii4 ,to change a ,card which is in the ,hand of a ,person1 recommending him to cover it well #bc ,,chap4 ,,xiii4 ,to guess a ,card that has been thought of by any body1 by writing before-hand on a ,paper or ,card a ,number1 which will certainly be that of the ,card that has been thought of #be ,,chap4 ,,xiv4 ,a mathematical ,combination for guessing1 in a whole ,pack composed of ,fifty-two ,cards1 how many ,points will make the ,cards under each ,parcel1 which ,parcels are to be made by one of the ,company1 observing to him that each ,parcel he makes is to compose the ,number of ,thirteen1 to begin from the ,point of the first ,card which he takes to form each ,parcel #bh ,,chap4 ,,xv4 ,to guess the ,thoughts of any ,person1 assuring him1 that you will write before-hand on a ,piece of ,paper the ,amount of the ,parcel of ,cards he shall happen to chuse out of the two placed on the ,table #cb ,,chap4 ,,xvi4 ,a curious and agreeable ,wager1 which you are sure of winning #cd ,,chap4 ,,xvii4 ,a trick with ,cards2 uniting the double ,advantage of being very easy and infallible1 it being on a little numerical ,combination #ce ,,chap4 ,,xviii4 ,sympathetic ,inks #cf ,,chap4 ,,xix4 ,to make an ,addition before the ,figures are set1 by knowing only how many ,figures are in each ,row2 as likewise how many ,rows compose the whole2 and then adding yourself some ,figures equal to those that had been set #ch ,,chap4 ,,xx4 ,an artificial ,spider1 which moves by ,electricity #db ,,chap4 ,,xxi4 ,to extinguish two ,wax ,candles1 and light two others1 distant about three ,feet1 by the firing of a ,pistol1 loaded with ,powder1 as usual #dc ,,chap4 ,,xxii4 ,to compose a red ,colour1 imitating the ,colour of ,blood #dd ,,chap4 ,,xxiii4 ,to extinguish a ,wax ,candle1 at eighty or a hundred ,paces distance1 by firing a ,gun loaded with ,ball1 and to be certain of not missing1 however unskilful may be the ,marksman #dg ,,chap4 ,,xxiv4 ,to cut a ,glass1 a ,looking-glass1 or even a ,piece of ,crystal1 let it be ever so thick1 without the ,help of a ,diamond1 in the same ,shape as the ,mark of the ,drawing made on it with ,ink #di ,,chap4 ,,xxv4 ,to melt a ,piece of ,steel1 as if it was lead1 without requiring a very great ,fire #ej ,,chap4 ,,xxvi4 ,to unite ,wax and ,water1 7,things absolutely opposite to each other72 this ,union1 made in the twentieth ,part of a ,minute1 forms a good ,pomatum to clean the ,skin1 and render it soft and white4 ,it is a fine ,cosmetic #eb ,,chap4 ,,xxvii4 ,a curious ,method of sealing a ,letter1 so as not to be opened1 by variegating the ,seal with different coloured ,species of ,wax #ec ,,chap4 ,,xxviii4 ,to make fine blue ,wax1 which is very difficult to be had #ed ,,chap4 ,,xxix4 ,a philosophical ,mushroom #ee ,,chap4 ,,xxx4 ,to make a ,ring shift from one ,hand to another1 and to make it go on whatever ,finger is required on the other ,hand1 while somebody holds both your ,arms1 in order to prevent any communication between them #eg ,,chap4 ,,xxxi4 ,to guess by smelling1 which has been the ,number struck out by a ,person in the ,company1 in the ,product of a ,multiplication given him to do #ei ,,chap4 ,,xxxii4 ,to make any ,pen-knife out of three jump out of a ,goblet1 agreeable to the ,option of the ,company #fc ,,chap4 ,,xxxiii4 ,to pull off any ,person's ,shirt1 without undressing him1 or having ,occasion for a ,confederate #fd ,,the ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,the single footnote has been moved to the end of its chapter and relabeled4 ,punctuation has been made consistent4 ,variations in spelling and hyphenation were retained as they appear in the original publication1 except that obvious typographical errors have been corrected4