,,! ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,brew+4 ,,by ,,mi*ael ,,combrune1 ,,brew]4 ,,orig9ally ,,publi%$ ,,) ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,ma/]1 ,,w>d5s1 ,,& ,,c\rt ,,( ,,assi/ants ,,( ,,! ,,wor%ipful ,,company ,,( ,,brew]s4 ,a ,,new ,,edition4 ,,correct$ ,,& ,,greatly ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,v]nor ,,& ,,hood1 ,,longman ,,& ,,rees1 ,,cutrell ,,& ,,m>t91 ,,& ,j4 ,,walk]1 ,by ,j4 ,wright1 ,/4 ,john's ,squ>e1 ,cl]k5well4 #ahjd4 ,,to ,,doctor ,,pet] ,,%aw1 ,,physician ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y1 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,college ,,( ,,physicians ,,( ,,london1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,society4 ,,sir1 ,! brew+ ( malt liquors has hi!rto be5 conduct$ by su* vague traditional maxims1 t an attempt to e/abli% its practice on tru] & m fix$ pr9ciples mu/1 l e new essay1 be att5d$ ) difficulties4 ,y\r works1 ,sir1 w be la/+ monum5ts1 n only ( y\r great abilities1 b also ( y\r zeal = ! improvem5t ( ! arts1 manufactures1 & comm]ce ( y\r c\ntry4 ,y w !re=e p]mit me to place "u y\r patronage ?is treatise1 :i*1 if x c boa/ no o!r m]it1 has t ( hav+ be5 und]tak5 & f9i%$ by y\r advice & c\nsel4 ,"s favor1 ,i hope1 w be %ewn = ?is di/ant endeav\r to imitate ! laudable example y h set1 & :atev] be ! success1 ,i %all ev] glory 9 ! opportunity x has giv5 me ( pr(ess+ myself publicly1 ,sir1 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 ,& mo/ oblig$ humble ,s]vant1 ,,mi*ael ,,combrune4 ,hamp/ead1 ,middlesex1 ,decemb] #ae1 #agfa4 ,,! ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,"p ,i4 ,explanation ( te*nical t]ms1 #a ,,section ,i4 ,( ,fire1 #ac ,,section ,,ii4 ,( ,air1 #ai ,,section ,,iii4 ,( ,wat]1 #bd ,,section ,,iv4 ,( ,e>?1 #cc ,,section4 ,v4 ,( ,m5/ruums or ,dissolv5ts1 #cd ,,section ,,vi4 ,( ! ,!rmomet]1 #ci ,,section ,,vii4 ,( ! ,v9e1 its fruits1 & juices1 #ej ,,section ,,viii4 ,( f]m5tation 9 g5]al1 #ff ,,section ,,ix4 ,( artificial f]m5tation1 #hj ,,section ,x4 ,( ! nature ( ,b>ley1 #hi ,,section ,,xi4 ,( ,malt+1 #id ,,section ,,xii4 ,( ! diff]5t ,prop]ties ( ,malt1 & ( ! numb] ( its f]m5table ,p>ts1 #aac ,,section ,,xiii4 ,obs]vations on defective ,malts1 #aca ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,section ,i4 ,( ! heat ( ! ,air1 z x relates to ! practical "p ( ,brew+1 #ade ,,section ,,ii4 ,( ,gr9d+1 #aeg ,,section ,,iii4 ,( ,extraction1 #afj ,,section ,,iv4 ,( ! nature & prop]ties ( ,hops1 #bja ,,section ,v4 ,( ! l5g?s necess>y to =m malt liquors ( ! sev]al d5om9ations1 #bag ,,section ,,vi4 ,me?od ( calculat+ ! height 9 ! ,copp] at :i* worts are to g out1 #bbj ,,section ,,vii4 ,( ,boil+1 #bbd ,,section ,,viii4 ,( ! quantity ( ,wat] wa/$2 & ( ! application ( ! prec$+ rules to two diff]5t processes ( ,brew+1 #bcj ,,section ,,ix4 ,( ! division ( ! ,wat] = ! respective ,worts & ,ma%es1 & ( ! heat adequate to ea* ( ^!1 #bcd ,,section ,x4 ,an enquiry into ! volume ( ,malt1 9 ord] to r$uce ! ,gri/ to liquid measure1 #bec ,,section ,,xi4 ,( ! proportion ( cold ,wat] to be add$ to t :i* is on ! po9t ( boil+1 9 ord] to obta9 ! desir$ heat 9 ! extract1 #bga ,,section ,,xii4 ,( ,ma%+1 #bhf ,,section ,,xiii4 ,( ! incid5ts1 :i* cause ! heat ( ! extract to v>y f ! calculation1 ! all[ances !y require1 & ! means to obviate _! effects1 #bhi ,,section ,,xiv4 ,( ! disposition ( ! ,worts :5 turn$ out ( ! ,copp]1 ! ?ickness !y %\ld be laid at 9 ! ,backs to cool1 & ! heat !y %\ld reta9 = f]m5tation1 "u ! sev]al circum/ances1 #cjd ,,section ,,xv4 ,( ,yea/1 its nature & cont5ts1 & ( ! mann] & quantities 9 :i* x is to be add$ to ! ,worts1 #caa ,,section ,,xvi4 ,( practical f]m5tation1 & ! managem5t ( ! sev]al sorts ( ,malt liquors1 to ! p]iod at :i* !y are to be cleans$1 or put into ! casks1 #cah ,,section ,,xvii4 ,( ! signs g5]ally direct+ ! processes ( ,brew+1 & _! comp>ison ) ! =ego+ ,!ory & ,practice1 #cbg ,,section ,,xviii4 ,an enquiry1 into :at may be1 at all times1 a prop] /ock ( ,be]1 & ! managem5t ( x 9 ! cell>s1 #cca ,,section ,,xix4 ,( ,precipitation1 & o!r rem$ies1 applicable to ! diseases incid5t to ,be]s1 #ccd ,,section ,,xx4 ,( ,ta/e1 #cdb ,app5dix1 #cdi ,,! ,,preface4 ,! diff]5ce t appe>s 9 ! sev]al processes ( brew+1 ?\gh execut$ ) ! same mat]ials1 by ! same p]sons1 & to ! same int5t1 is g5]ally ackn[l$g$4 ,! uneas9ess ?is mu/ occasion to ^? :o are *>g$ ) ! directive "p ( ! bus9ess1 _c be small3 & ! m desir\s !y are ( well execut+ ! duty incumb5t on !m1 ! great] is _! disappo9tm5t1 :5 fru/rat$ 9 _! hopes4 ,to remove ?is unc]ta9ty1 no me?od seems pref]able to t ( exp]im5ts1 z x is by ?is means alone1 any art :atev] c be e/abli%$ ^u a solid f\ndation3 b ^! require caution1 p]sev]ance1 & exp5ce2 !y mu/ be multipli$ & v>i$ bo? = ! same & = diff]5t purposes4 ,! op]ations ( nature elude sup]ficial enquiries1 :]e we h few or no pr9ciples = our guides1 _m exp]im5ts are made1 :i* t5d only to conf\nd or deceive4 ,effects se51 )\t a suffici5t k ( _! causes1 (t5 are neglect$1 or view$ 9 an improp] light1 seldom fai?fully report$1 &1 = want ( di/+ui%+ ! sev]al circum/ances t att5d !m1 _m times become ! support ( old prejudices1 or ! f\ndation ( new ones4 ,:oev] is att5tive to ! practical "p ( brew+1 w soon be conv9c$ t heat1 or fire1 is ! pr9cipal ag5t !re91 z ?is elem5t1 us$ 9 a great] or less degree1 or diff]5tly appli$1 is ! occasion ( ! greate/ "p ( ! v>iety we p]ceive4 ,x is b a few ye>s s9ce ! !rmomet] has be5 f\nd to be an in/rum5t suffici5tly accurate = any purposes :]e ! measure ( heat is requir$4 ,&1 z x is ! only "o ) :i* we are enabl$ to exam9e ! processes ( brew+1 & to acc\nt = ! diff]5ce 9 ! effects1 a !ory ( ! art1 f\nd$ on practice1 mu/ be ( lat] date ?an ! discov]y ( ! in/rum5t t guides u to ! pr9ciples4 ,s long s9ce z ! ye> #agda1 ,i began ?is rese>*1 & nev] neglect$ any opportunity to consult ! arti/s ( ! trade1 or to try su* exp]im5ts z ,i conceiv$ might be conducive to ! purpose4 ,x is ne$less1 p]haps %ameful1 to m5tion _! numb]1 or to speak ( ! _m disappo9tm5ts ,i met ) 9 ?is pursuit4 ,error admits ( numb]less comb9ations4 ,tru? alone is simple1 & confirm$ by cont9uity4 ,at la/1 flatt]+ myself ) hav+ collect$ ! true !ory1 assi/$ & enc\rag$ by m5 ( abilities1 ,i ?\ght x fit ! public %\ld judge :e!r ,i _h succe$$ 9 my endeav\rs2 & 9 #ageh ! ,essay on ,brew+ 0 submitt$ to !m1 ei!r = _! approbation1 or t ! errors !re9 might be po9t$ out4 ,i h _h no reason to rep5t ( my tem]ity1 ?\gh p]haps ! novelty1 m ?an ! m]it ( ?is p]=mance1 engag$ ! att5tion1 ,i may add ! favor & advice ( "s good judges4 ,!y h all[$ my pr9ciples to be at lea/ plausible1 & _! agreem5t ) practice has s9ce repeat$ly conv9c$ me !y 7 n f> f tru?4 ,! ,essay j m5tion$1 revis$ & correct$1 naturally =ms ! fir/ "p or !ory ( ! pres5t treatise4 ,! second "p is entirely practical4 ,aft] giv+ a %ort idea ( ! :ole process1 ,i resume its diff]5t bran*es 9 z _m *apt]s1 & endeav\r 9 su* mann] to guide ! practition]1 t he may1 9 e "p1 at all times1 & "u a v>iety ( circum/ances1 "k :at he is to d1 & seldom1 if ev]1 to be disappo9t$ 9 8 object4 ,f ! inve/igation ( s ext5sive a bus9ess1 "s b5efit1 x is hop$1 mu/ accrue to ! public2 f ! process ( brew+ be+ c>ri$ on 9 a j & uni=m mann]1 our malt liquors1 probably1 w 9 "t bett] des]ve ! "n ( w9e4 ,bo]haave1 ,%aw1 ,macqu]1 & mo/ ( ! great ma/]s 9 *ymi/ry are f> f limit+ t "n to ! liquors produc$ f ! juice ( ! grape3 !y ext5d x to all f]m5t$ vegetable juices1 :i*1 on di/illation1 yield an ard5t _s1 & look on ! /r5g? & faculty w9e has to *]i% nature1 & pres]ve itself1 to be 9 proportion to ! quantity x possesses ( ?is liquid1 g5]ally t]m$ _s ( w9e4 ,?is1 :5 ?or\ghly pure & dephlegmat$1 is "o & ! same1 :atev] diff]5t vegetable x is produc$ f4 ,b>ley w9es possess ! same spirit\s pr9ciple1 :i* is ! pres]vative "p ( ! mo/ valuable =eign w9es1 ) a p[] ( be+ brew$ sup]ior or inf]ior to !m 9 quality1 & ! o!r con/itu5t p>ts ( be]1 beside ?is ard5t _s1 w n1 ,i believe1 be e/eem$ less :olesome ?an ^? :i* make up ! :ole ( grape w9e4 ,! reasons :y ,great ,brita9 ha? n hi!rto furni%$ =eign nations ) ?is "p ( h] product1 b m especially h] seam51 are obvi\s4 ,our m>9]s1 :5 at home1 d n dislike be]1 ei!r z to _! palates1 or its effects on _! con/itution2 b :5 abroad1 spirit\s liquors1 or new w9es1 (t5 ! product ( an enemy's c\ntry1 are sub/itut$ 9 lieu !re(4 ,! disuse ( be]s1 on ^! occasions1 has be5 ow+ to ! unc]ta9ty ( ! pr9ciples on :i* !y 7 brew$2 ! ma9ta9+ !m s\nd 9 long voyages & 9 hot climates1 c\ld n suffici5tly be dep5d$ ^u2 & x has be5 suppos$ !y c\ld n be procur$ at s easy a rate z w9es1 br&ies1 or rums1 pur*as$ abroad4 ,! fir/ ( ^! objections1 ! au?or hopes1 by ?is "w1 to remove2 &1 7 all ! duties to be all[$ on :at w\ld be brew$ = ?is purpose1 our seam5 might be furni%$ ) be] /rong] ?an ,spani% w9e1 & at a less exp5ce1 ! mean price ( malt & hops be+ tak5 = sev5 ye>s4 ,x is true t1 9 times ( peace1 ! seam5 9 8 ,maje/y's s]vice are n v num]\s1 b ! numb] ( ^? !n employ$ by m]*ants is consid]able4 ,i %\ld n h presum$ to m5tion ?is1 b on acc\nt ( ! enc\ragem5t giv5 to ! exportation ( corn1 & to _m manufactures ( ,briti% gr[? or ,briti% labor4 ,x is comput$ t1 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 are brew$ ?ree millions five hundr$ ?\s& qu>t]s ( malt ye>ly1 = :i* purpose upw>ds ( "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& weight ( hops are us$4 ,! improvem5t ( ! brew]y might become a means ( increas+ ! consumption ( ! gr[? ( our c\ntry1 viz4 ( b>ley1 to m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& qu>t]s1 & ( hops to betwe5 f\rte5 & fifte5 ?\s& weight annually4 ,:e!r ?is be an object des]v+ ! att5tion ( ! legislative p[]1 or ( ! l&$ int]e/1 & :at might be ! prop] means to put x successfully 9 practice1 are consid]ations :i* d n belong to ?is place2 x be+ suffici5t "h to po9t out1 h[ univ]sally b5eficial x is to e/abli% ! art ( brew+ on true & inv>iable pr9ciples4 ,?is be+ ! fir/ attempt1 t has be5 made1 to r$uce ?is art to rules & pr9ciples1 ! ,au?or hopes he has a j claim to ! indulg5ce ( ! public1 = any errors he unwill+ly may h adopt$2 f> f believ+ t !re is no room left = future improvem5ts1 he recomm5ds x to ^?1 :o1 bless$ ) sup]ior tal5ts & m leisure ?an himself1 may be incl9$ to try _! skill 9 ! same field1 to wat* closely ! /eps ( ,,nature2 aft] ! /ricte/ enquiry made1 x w be f\nd1 ! success ( brew+ be]s & ales :olly dep5ds on a true imitation ( ! w9es %e =ms4 ,?is second edition1 x may be obs]v$1 9 _m respects1 diff]s consid]ably f ! fir/4 ,i h endeav\r$ to conv]t to use e advice1 e op9ion ,i receiv$1 & hav+ put ^! to ! te/ ( f>!r practice1 flatt] myself x w be f\nd improv$4 ,a ,,copy ,,( ,,doctor ,,%aw',s ,,lett]4 ,,on ,,p]us+ ,,! ,,essay ,,be=e ,,m5tion$4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i ,,h1 ) pleasure & improvem5t1 read ov] y\r manuscript2 & %\ld be glad to see "s o!r trades z ju/ly r$uc$ to rules z y h done t ( brew+3 :i* w\ld n only be mak+ a "r application ( philosophical k1 b1 at ! same "t1 accommodate human life1 9 _m respects1 :]e9 x is /ill defici5t4 ,p]haps y\r example may excite "s able m51 to give u _! respective trades1 9 ! =m ( s _m arts4 ,= my own "p1 hav+ long wi%$ to see "s attempts ( ?is k9d1 = ! good ( society 9 g5]al1 ,i _c b be p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) ! nature1 design1 & execution ( y\r essay1 & am1 ,de> ,sir1 ,y\r oblig$ ,fri5d1 ,& humble ,s]vant1 ,,pet] ,,%aw4 ,pall-,mall1 ,july #bj1 #ageh4 ,,an ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,te*nical ,,t]ms4 ,! int5t ( e brew]1 :5 he =ms 8 dr9k1 is to extract ! f]m5table p>ts ( ! malt1 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]2 to add hops1 9 su* proportion z exp]i5ce tea*es him w pres]ve & ameliorate ! be]2 & to employ j s mu* yea/ z is suffici5t to obta9 a complete f]m5tation4 ,p]haps x may be said1 ^! p>ticul>s are already suffici5tly und]/ood1 & t x w\ld be a mu* m useful "w to publi% rem$ies = ! imp]fections1 or diseases1 be] is naturally or accid5tally subject to1 & :i* at pres5t are deem$ incurable4 ,b if ! designs j n[ m5tion$ be execut$ accord+ to ! rules ( *ymi/ry1 su* imp]fections & su* diseases n exi/+1 ! rem$ies w n be want$2 = be] brew$ ^u true pr9ciples1 is1 nei!r naturally nor accid5tally1 subject to _m disord]s (t5 p]ceiv$ 9 x4 ,h5ce x is evid5t1 t "s k ( *ymi/ry is absolutely necess>y to complete ! brew]1 z1 )\t ! in=mations acquir$ f t sci5ce1 he mu/ be unqualifi$ to lay d[n rules = 8 practice1 & to secure to himself ! favor ( ! public2 = :i* purpose1 & to make ?is treatise useful to ^? conc]n$ 9 ! practical "p ( brew+1 x has be5 ?\ght adviseable to avoid1 z mu* z possible1 ! te*nical t]ms ( art1 to prefix an explanation ( ^? t necess>ily occur1 &1 9 z %ort a mann] z possible1 to trace ! prop]ties ( fire1 air1 wat]1 & e>?1 z f> z !y relate to ! subject4 ,,acids are all ^? ?+s :i* ta/e s\r1 z v9eg>1 juice ( lemons1 _s ( nitre1 _s ( salt1 ! oil & _s ( vitriol1 c4 & are put 9 a viol5t agitation1 by be+ mix$ ) c]ta9 e>?s1 or ! a%es ( vegetables4 ,an acid ent]s1 m or less1 into ! composition ( all plants1 & is produc$ by1 or r is ! la/ effect (1 f]m5tation4 ,mix$ 9 a due proportion ) an alkali1 x con/itutes a neutral salt1 t is1 a salt :]e9 nei!r ! acid nor alkali prevail4 ,acids are frequ5tly t]m$ acid salts1 ?\gh g5]ally !y appe> "u a fluid =m4 ,,alkalies1 or alkal9e salts1 are ( a nature directly contr>y to ! acids1 & g5]ally manife/ !mselves by eff]vesc+ !re)3 !y h an ur9\s ta/e1 & are produc$ f ! a%es ( vegetables1 & by sev]al o!r means4 ,!y1 z well z te/ace\s & calc>i\s sub/ances1 are frequ5tly made use ( by coop]s1 to absorb ! acid p>ts ( /ale be]1 by !m call$ s(tn+4 ,,air is a ?9 ela/ic fluid1 surr\nd+ ! globe ( ! e>?2 x is absolutely necess>y to ! pres]vation bo? ( animal & vegetable life1 & = ! excit+ & c>ry+ on f]m5tation4 ,,alcohol is ! pure _s ( w9e1 g5]ally suppos$ to be )\t ! lea/ p>ticle ( wat] or phlegm4 ,,animals are organiz$ bodies1 endu$ ) s5sation & life4 ,m9]als are said to gr[ & increase1 plants to gr[ & live1 b animals only to h s5sation4--,animal sub/ances _c f]m5t s z to produce by !mselves a v9\s liquor2 b !re may be cases :]e9 "s ( _! p>ts r help ?an ret>d ! act ( f]m5tation4#a ,,atmosph]e is t va/ collection ( air1 ) :i* ! e>? is surr\nd$ to a consid]able height4 ,,attraction is an indef9ite t]m1 applicable to all actions :]eby bodies t5d t[>ds "o ano!r1 :e!r by virtue ( _! weight1 magnetism1 electricity1 or any o!r p[]4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 ! cause det]m9+ "s bodies to approa* "o ano!r1 t is express$ by ! ^w attraction1 b ! effect itself4 ,! space1 ?r\gh :i* ?is p[] ext5ds1 is call$ ! sph]e ( attraction4 ,,black+ is a te*nical t]m us$ by coop]s1 to d5ote sug> t is calc9$1 until x obta9s ! col\r t occasions ! "n4 ,,brew+ is ! op]ation ( prep>+ be]s & ales f malt4 ,,boil+ may ?us be acc\nt$ =4 ,! m9ute p>ticles ( fuel be+ by fire deta*$ f ea* o!r1 & becom+ !mselves fire1 pass ?r\gh ! pores ( ! vessel1 & mix ) ! fluid4 ,^!1 be+ p]petually 9 an active /ate1 communicate _! motion to ! wat]3 h5ce arises1 at fir/1 a small inte/9e motion1 & f a cont9u$ action 9 ! fir/ cause1 ! effect is increas$1 & ! motion ( ! liquor cont9ually accel]at$2 by degrees1 x becomes s5sibly agitat$1 b ! p>ticles ( ! fire1 act+ *iefly on ! p>ticles t compose ! l[e/ surface ( ! wat]1 give !m an impulse upw>ds1 by r5d]+ !m specifically light]1 s z to det]m9e !m to asc5d1 accord+ to ! laws ( equilibrium4 ,h5ce !re is a con/ant flux ( wat] f ! bottom to ! top ( ! vessel1 & reciprocally f ! top to ! bottom4 ,?is appe>s to be ! reason :y wat] is hot at ! top soon] ?an at ! bottom1 & :y an equal heat _c be di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,! !rmomet] !re=e c be ( little s]vice1 to det]m9e imm$iately ! degree ( heat1 especially 9 l>ge vessels1 on :i* acc\nt x is bett] = brew]s to heat a c]ta9 quantity j to ! act ( boil+1 & to temp] x1 by add+ a suffici5t quantity ( cold wat]4 ,boil+ wat] is incapable ( receiv+ any increase ( heat1 ?\gh act$ on by ev] s great a fire1 unless ! atmosph]e becomes heavi]1 or ! vap\rs ( ! wat] be conf9$4 ,x occasions ! m]cury to rise1 accord+ to ,f>5heit's scale1 to #bab degrees4 ,,*>r4 ,a body is said to be *>r$ :51 by fire1 its volatile or mo/ active p>ts are drove out2 its co>se oils1 by ! same means1 plac$ *iefly on ! ext]nal p>ts2 & s depriv$ ( color z to be q black4 ,,cleans+ is ! act ( remov+ ! be] f ! ton1 :]e x 0 fir/ f]m5t$1 into ! casks4 ,,cl\dy is an epi!t jo9$ to su* be]s1 :i*1 f ! viol5t heat giv5 to ! wat] t brew$ !m1 are load$ ) m oils ?an c be att5uat$ by f]m5tation1 & incorporat$ ) ! wat]2 f :5ce a muddy & grey oil is se5 float+ on ! surface ( ! liquor1 ?\gh ! body is (t5 transp>5t2 ?is oil is frequ5tly extract$ 9 su* quantity z to exce$ ! p[] ( any kn[n m5/ruum4 ,,cohesion is t action by :i* ! p>ticles ( ! same body adh]e toge!r1 z if !y 7 b "o4 ,,cold is a relative t]m 9 opposition to heat4 ,its greate/ degree is n kn[n1 & x is suppos$ t ! cold] a body is1 ! less is ! agitation ( its int]nal p>ts4 ,,col\r2 a great] or less degree ( heat causes diff]5t col\rs 9 mo/ bodies1 & f a due obs]vation ( ! col\r ( malt1 we may det]m9e :at degree ( heat x has be5 impress$ )4 ,,d5sity expresses ! clos5ess1 compactness1 or ne> approa* ( ! p>ts ( a body to "o ano!r3 ! m a body weighs 9 proportion to its bulk1 ! great] is its d5sity4 ,gold is ! d5se/ body 9 nature1 because !re is none kn[n ( ! same bulk1 :i* weighs s mu*4 ,,e>? is t fossil matt] or elem5t1 :]e( our globe p>tly consi/s4 ,,ebullition is ! boil+ or bubbl+ ( wat]1 or any o!r liquor1 :5 ! fire has =c$ itself a passage ?r\gh x4 ,brew]s suppose wat] to be j beg9n+ to boil1 :5 !y p]ceive a small portion ( x =c$ f ! bottom upw>ds 9 a "r l9e1 s z to di/urb ! surface3 :5 ! liquor is 9 ?is /ate1 !y call x ?r\gh1 or ^u ! po9t ( ebullition4 ,! vulg> notion t ! wat] is hott] at ?is "t ?an :5 x boils1 is )\t any f\ndation4 ,,eff]vesc5ce is a sudd5 agitation1 aris+ 9 c]ta9 bodies ^u mix+ !m toge!r2 ?is agitation mo/ commonly g5]ates heat4 ,,ela/icity1 or spr+9ess1 is t prop]ty ( bodies1 by :i* !y re/ore !mselves to _! =m] figure1 aft] any pressure or di/5sion4 ,,expansion is ! swell+ or increase ( ! bulk ( bodies f heat1 or any o!r cause4 ,,extract consi/s ( ! p>ts ( a body sep>at$ f ! re/1 by cold or hot wat]4 ,,f]m5tation is a s5sible int]nal motion ( ! p>ticles ( a mixture3 by ! cont9uance ( ?is motion1 ! p>ticles are gradually remov$ f _! =m] situation1 &1 aft] "s visible sep>ation1 jo9$ toge!r aga9 9 a diff]5t ord] & arrangem5t1 s z to con/itute a new comp\nd4 ,no liquors are capable ( inebriat+1 except ^? t h be5 f]m5t$4 ,,fix$ ,,bodies are ^?1 :i*1 consi/+ ( gross] p>ts1 coh]+ by a /rong attraction1 & by t means less susceptible ( agitation1 c nei!r be sep>at$ nor rais$1 )\t a /rong heat1 or p]haps n )\t f]m5tation4 ,,fire is only kn[n by its prop]ties1 ( :i* ! *ief are to p5etrate & dilate all solid & fluid bodies4 ,,freez+ ,,po9t is ! degree ( cold1 at :i* wat] beg9s to be =m$ into ice1 :i*1 accord+ to ,f>5heit's scale1 is express$ by #cb4 ,,fox$ is a te*nical t]m1 us$ by brew]s1 to indicate be]s 9 a putrid /ate4 ,,gums are concret$ vegetable juices1 :i* transude ?r\gh ! b>k ( c]ta9 trees1 & h>d5 ^u ! surface2 !y easily dissolve 9 wat]1 & by t means di/+ui% !mselves f balsams or res9s4 ,,h]metically ,,seal$ is a p>ticul> me?od ( /opp+ ! m\? ( vessels1 s close t ! mo/ subtil _s _c fly out1 :i* is done by heat+ ! neck ( ! bottles1 till x is j ready to melt1 & !n ) hot p9*]s twi/+ x close toge!r4 ,,homog5e\s is an appellation giv5 to su* p>ts or subjects1 :i* are simil> or ( ! same nature & prop]ties4 ,,is+lass is a prep>ation f a fi% call$ huso1 some:at bigg] ?an ! /urgeon2 a solution ( :i* 9 /ale be] is us$1 to f9e or precipitate o!r be]s3 x is import$ f ,russia by ! ,dut*1 & f !m to u4 ,,light consi/s ( p>ticles ( matt] inconceivably small1 capable ( excit+ 9 u ! s5sation ( col\rs1 by be+ reflect$ f e po9t ( ! surface ( lum9\s bodies2 b1 not)/&+ !y are s exce$+ small1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton f\nd means to divide a s+le ray into sev5 di/9ct p>ts1 viz4 r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 & violet4 ,,malt1 9 g5]al1 is any sort ( gra91 fir/ g]m9at$1 & !n dri$1 s z to prev5t any future vegetation3 t g5]ally us$1 is made ( b>ley1 :i* exp]i5ce has f\nd to be ! fitte/ = ! purpose ( brew+4 ,,m$ium is t space1 ?r\gh :i* a body 9 motion passes3 air is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! bodies ne> ! e>? move2 wat] is ! m$ium :]e9 fi% live2 glass af=ds a m$ium or a free passage to light4--,?is t]m is also made use (1 to express ! mean ( two numb]s1 & sometimes ! middle betwe5 sev]al quantities4 ,,mu/s are ! unf]m5t$ juices ( grapes1 or ( any o!r vegetable sub/ances4 ,,m5/ruum is any fluid1 :i* is capable ( int]pos+ its p>ts betwe5 ^? ( o!r bodies1 & 9 ?is mann] ei!r dissolves !m p]fectly1 or extracts "s "p ( !m4 ,,oil is an unctu\s1 inflammable sub/ance1 drawn f sev]al animal & vegetable sub/ances4 ,,precipitation4 ,is+lass dissolv$ becomes a glut9\s & heavy body2 ?is put into malt liquors int5d$ to be f9$1 c>ries d[n1 by its weight1 all ^? swimm+ p>ticles1 :i* prev5t its transp>5cy2 & ?is act is call$ f9+1 or precipitation4 ,,repulsion2 8,doctor ,knight def9es x to be t cause :i* makes bodies mutually endeav\r to rec$e f ea* o!r1 ) diff]5t =ces at diff]5t times40 ,9 ?is case !y are plac$ beyond ! sph]e ( ea* o!r's attraction or cohesion1 & mutually fly f ea* o!r4 ,,res9s1 or balsams1 are ! oils ( vegetables inspissat$ & comb9$ ) a proportion ( ! acid salts2 z well z !y mix ) any spiritu\s liquor1 z little are !y soluble 9 wat]2 b !y become s1 ei!r by ! int]v5tion ( gums or soaps1 or by ! att5uat+ virtue ( f]m5tation4 ,,salts are sub/ances %>p & pung5t1 :i* readily dissolve 9 wat]1 & f !nce1 by evaporation1 cry/allise & appe> 9 a solid =m4 ,!y easily unite toge!r1 & =m diff]5t comp\nds4 ,?us salts1 compos$ ( acids & alkalies1 p>take ( bo?1 & are call$ neutral4 ,,sett3 a gri/ ( malt is by brew]s said to be sett1 :51 in/ead ( sep>at+ = extraction1 x runs 9 clods1 increases 9 heat1 & coagulates4 ,?is accid5t is ow+ to ! ov] quantity ( fire 9 ! wat]1 appli$ to any ( ! extractions4 ,! air includ$ 9 ! gri/1 :i* is a pr9cipal ag5t 9 resolv+ ! malt1 be+ !reby expell$1 ! mass rema9s in]t1 & its p>ts1 adh]+ too closely toge!r1 are ) difficulty sep>at$4 ,?\gh an imm$iate application ( m cold wat] to ! gri/ is ! only rem$y1 yet1 z ! cohesion is spe$y & /rong1 x seldom takes effect4--,new malts1 :i* h n yet lo/ ! heat !y receiv$ f ! kiln1 are mo/ apt to lead ! brew] into ?is error1 & g5]ally 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! process4 ,,sug>1 or sac*>9e salts1 are prop]ly ^? t come f ! sug> canes2 _m plants1 fruits & gra9s give sweet juices r$ucible to ! same =m2 !y are suppos$ to be acids smoo!d ov] ) oils2 all vegetable sweets are capable ( f]m5t+ spontane\sly :5 crude2 if boil$1 !y require an addition ( yea/ to make !m p]=m t act4 ,malt1 or its extracts1 h all ! prop]ties ( sac*>9e salts4 ,,sulphur4 ,?\gh by sulphur is commonly und]/ood ! m9]al sub/ance call$ brim/one1 yet 9 *ymi/ry x is frequ5tly us$ to signify 9 g5]al any oily sub/ance1 inflammable by fire1 &1 )\t "s sal9e addition1 indissoluble 9 wat]4 ,,soap ,,or ,,saponace\s ,,juices4 ,common soap is made ( oil mix$ ) alkal9e salts3 ?is mixture causes a fro? on be+ agitat$ 9 wat]4 ,! oils ( vegetables are1 9 "s degree1 mix$ ) _! salts2 & accord+ to ! nature ( ^! salts1 appe> ei!r res9\s or saponace\s1 t is1 soluble or indissoluble 9 wat]4-- ,sug> is a k9d ( soap1 r5d]+ oil miscible ) wat]2 & !re=e all bodies1 f :i* sac*>9e salts are extract$1 may be t]m$ saponace\s4 ,,vegetable is a t]m appli$ to plants1 consid]$ z capable ( gr[?1 hav+ vessels & p>ts = ?is purpose1 b g5]ally suppos$ to be )\t s5sation4 ,,v9eg> is an acid p5etrat+ liquor1 prep>$ f w9e1 be]1 cyd]1 or a mu/1 :i* has be5 f]m5t$ z f> z x 0 capable4 ,,vitriol is1 9 g5]al1 a metall9e sub/ance comb9$ ) ! /ronge/ acid salt kn[n4 ,?is acid1 be+ sep>at$ f ! metal1 diff]s 9 no?+ f t :i* is extract$ f alum or brim/one4 ,x is improp]ly call$ _s ( vitriol1 :5 dilut$ ) wat]1 &1 ) z little propriety1 oil1 :5 free f x4 ,,volatile ,,bodies are ^?1 :i*1 ei!r f _! smallness or _! =m1 d n coh]e v /rongly toge!r1 & be+ mo/ susceptible ( ^? agitations1 :i* keep liquors 9 a fluid /ate1 are mo/ easily sep>at$ & r>ifi$ into vap\r1 ) a g5tle heat1 & on ! contr>y cond5s$ & br\ght d[n ) cold4 ,,w9e is a brisk1 agreeable1 spiritu\s1 fluid cordial1 =m$ f f]m5t$ vegetable bodies4 ,9 ?is s5se be]s & ales may be call$1 & really are1 b>ley w9es4 ,,worts are ! unf]m5t$ extracts ( malt4 ,,yea/ is bo? ! fl[]s & lees ( a f]m5t$ wort1 ! =m] ( ^! be+ ela/ic air envelop$ 9 a subject less /rong & less consi/5t ?an ! latt]4 ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,brew+4 ,,section ,i4 ,,( ,,fire4 ,?\gh fire is ! *ief cause & pr9ciple ( almo/ e *ange 9 bodies1 & ?\gh p]sons untaught 9 *ymi/ry imag9e !y und]/& its nature1 yet1 c]ta9 x is1 few subjects are s incompreh5sible1 or elude s mu* our nice/ rese>*4 ,! s5ses are v inadequate judges ( x2 ! eye may be deceiv$1 & suppose no fire 9 a b> ( iron1 because x does n appe> r$1 ?\gh at ! same "t x may conta9 en\gh to g5]ate pa93 ! t\* is equally unfai?ful1 = a body1 conta9+ numb]less p>ticles ( heat1 w to u feel cold1 if x is mu* m s ?an ourselves4 ,! great & fundam5tal diff]5ce among philosoph]s1 9 respect to ! nature ( fire1 is1 :e!r x be orig9ally su*1 =m$ by ! ,creator himself1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?+s2 or :e!r x be me*anically producible 9 bodies1 by induc+ "s alt]ation 9 ! p>ticles !re(4 ,x is c]ta9 t heat may be g5]at$ 9 a body1 by attrition2 b :e!r x exi/$ !re be=e1 or 0 caus$ imm$iately by ! motion1 is a matt] ( no great import to ! art ( brew+2 = ! effects1 ) :i* we are alone conc]n$1 are ! same4 ,fire exp&s all bodies1 bo? solid & fluid4 ,if an iron rod j capable ( pass+ ?r\gh a r+ ( ! same metal1 is heat$ r$-hot1 x w be increas$ 9 l5g?1 & s mu* swell$ z n to be able to pass ?r\gh ! r+1 z be=e3#b if a fluid is put into a belli$ glass1 ) a long sl5d] neck1 & prop]ly m>k$1 ! fluid1 by be+ heat$1 w manife/ly rise to a consid]able height4 ,! expansion ( fluids1 by heat1 is diff]5t 9 diff]5t fluids2 ) "s exceptions1 x may be said to be 9 proportion to _! d5sity4 ,pure ra9 wat]1 gradually heat$ to ebullition1 is exp&$ "o #bf? "p ( its bulk1#c s t #bg gallons ( boil+ wat]1 w1 :5 cold1 measure no m ?an #bf1 & #bg gallons ( boil+ wort w n yield s mu*1 because worts conta9 _m oily p>ticles1 :i*1 ?\gh less d5se ?an wat]1 h ! prop]ty ( be+ m expansible3 h5ce we see ! reason :y a copp]1 conta9+ a giv5 numb] ( b>rels ( wort1 :5 cold1 is n capable to hold ! same ( be]1 :5 boil+4 ,bodies are weak5$ or loos5$ 9 _! texture by fire3 ! h>de/1 by an increas$ degree ( heat1 w liquify & run2 & vegetables are resolv$ & sep>at$ by x into _! con/itu5t p>ts4 ,x mu/ be own$ vegetables seem at fir/1 on be+ expos$ to ! fire1 to become rigid or /iff2 b ?is is ow+ to ! evaporation ( ! aque\s p>ticles1 :i* prev5t$ a clos] adhesion ( ! solid matt]4 ,x is only 9 ?is mann] fire /r5g!ns "s bodies :i* be=e 7 weak4 ,t ! texture ( bodies %\ld be loos5$ by fire1 seems a consequ5ce ( expansion2 = a body _c be exp&$ b by its p>ticles rec$+ f>!r f "o ano!r2 & if ^! be n able to rega9 ! situation !y _h :5 cold1 ! body w rema9 loos] 9 its texture ?an be=e x suff]$ ! action ( fire4 ,?is is ! case ( b>ley :5 malt$4 ,fire may be convey$ ?r\gh mo/ bodies1 z air1 wat]1 a%es1 s&1 c4 ,! effect seems to be diff]5t accord+ to ! diff]5t conveyances4 ,a diff]5ce appe>s betwe5 boil+ & roa/+1 yet !y answ] ! same purpose1 t ( pres]v+ ! subject2 & ?is1 9 proportion to ! degree ( heat x has suff]$4 ,a simil> v>iety appe>s1 ev5 to our ta/e1 f ! diff]5t conveyance ( fire to malt3 = acids hav+ a great t5d5cy to unite ) wat]1 if ?is elem5t does n naturally conta9 any itself1 is ! reason :y a great heat is convey$ ?r\gh wat]1 & appli$ to extract ! virtues ( pale malt2 ! wat] ga9+ f ! gra9 "s ( ^! salts1 or possess+ !m itself1 ! effect ( ?is great aque\s heat is n to impr9t on ! palate a nause\s burnt ta/e1 z is ! case ( great heats1 :5 convey$ ?r\gh air to ! same gra94 ,! salts ! wat] has obta9$1 or p]haps _h1 be+ %ea!d by ! oils x draws f ! malt1 r become sac*>9e1 :i* _c be ! case :5 oils are act$ ^u by a /rong heat1 entirely void ( any su* prop]ty2 b malt1 ! m x is dri$1 ! long] is x capable ( ma9ta9+ itself 9 a s\nd /ate1 & ! liquor brew$ ) x w1 9 proportion to its dryness1 keep ! long] s\nd1 ! hott] ! wat] is1 appli$ to malt1 provid$ its heat do? n exce$ ! highe/ extract$ degree1 ! m durable & s\nd w ! extract be4 ,! la/ consid]ation ( fire or heat1 relative to brew+1 is ! k ( its diff]5t degrees1 & h[ to regulate !m4 ,till ( late1 *ymi/s & all o!rs1 7 mu* to seek 9 ?is respect2 !y di/+ui%$ m or less fire 9 a v vague & indet]m9ate mann]1 z ! fir/1 second1 ?ird1 & f\r? degree ( heat1 mean+ no precise heat1 or heat measur$ by any /&>d2 b1 by ! inv5tion ( ! !rmomet]1 we are enabl$ to regulate our fires ) ! utmo/ precision4 ,!rmomet]s are =m$ on diff]5t scales2 & !re=e1 :5 any degree ( heat is m5tion$1 9 ord] to avoid confusion1 ! scale made use ( %\ld be indicat$4 ,i h con/antly employ$ ,fahr5heit's1 z x is ! mo/ p]fect1 & ! mo/ g5]ally receiv$4 ,accord+ to ?is in/rum5t1#d by ! au?or ( x1 an artificial cold 0 made s z ! m]cury /ood at #gb divisions bel[ ! fir/ fro/4 ,! g5tlem5 ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 9 ! w9t] ( ! ye> #agcf1 obs]v$1 at ,torneao1 ,latitude #fe #ea1 ! natural cold to be #cc degrees bel[ #j3 ^! are pro(s !re are colds mu* m int5se ?an ! fir/ fro/1 or #cb degrees1 :]e wat] fir/ beg9s to h>d5 into ice2 f #cb to #ij degrees are ! limits ( vegetation1 accord+ to ! diff]5t plants t receive ^? or ! int]m$iate heats4 ,! #dj? degree is m>k$ by ,bo]haave z ! fir/ f]m5table heat1 & ! #hj? z ! la/3 #dg degrees ,i h f\nd to be g5]ally ! m$ium heat ( ,london1 ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 9 ! %ade2 #ih degrees is said to be t ( our bodies :5 9 heal?1 z f #aje to #aab are its degrees :5 9 a fev]4 ,hay /ack$ ) too mu* moi/ure1 :5 turn$ q black1 9 ! he>t ( ! rick1 indicat$ a heat ( #afe degrees4 ,at #age ! pure/ & highe/-rectifi$ spirits ( w9e boil1 & at ?is degree ,i h f\nd well-gr[n malts to *>r1 at #bab degrees wat] boils1 at #fjj quicksilv] & oil ( vitriol4 ,gold1 silv]1 iron1 & mo/ o!r metals 9 fusion exce$ ?is heat2 great] /ill ?an any kn[n is ! fire 9 ! focus ( ! burn+ l5s ( ,ts*irnhaus51 or ( ! concave mirror made by ,villette2 !y are said to volatilise metals & vitrify bricks4 ,?us f> exp]im5ts h rea*$2 b h[ mu* m1 or h[ mu* less1 ! p[] ( ?is elem5t ext5ds1 w probably be =ev] hid f mank9d4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,( ,,air4 ,none ( ! op]ations1 ei!r ( nature or art1 c be c>ri$ on )\t ! action or assi/ance ( air4 ,x is a pr9cipal ag5t 9 f]m5tation2 & !re=e brew]s ought to be well acqua9t$ ) its pr9cipal prop]ties & p[]s4 ,by air we mean a fluid1 sc>cely p]ceptible to our s5ses1 & discov]+ itself only by ! resi/ance x makes to bodies4 ,we f9d x e :]e incumb5t on ! surface ( ! globe1 ris+ to a consid]able height1 & commonly kn[n by ! "n ( atmosph]e4 ,! weight ( air is to t ( wat] z #a to #hej1 & its gravitat+ =ce equal to t ( a column ( wat] ( #cc feet high2 s t an area ( "o foot squ>e receives1 f air1 a pressure equal to #bjhj p\nds weight4 ,ela/icity is a prop]ty belong+ only to ?is elem5t1 & ?is quality v>ies 9 proportion to ! compress+ weights4 ,we sc>cely f9d ?is elem5t1 7any m ?an ! o!rs7 9 a pure /ate2 "o ?\s&? "p ( common air1 says ,bo]haave1 consi/s ( aque\s1 spirit\s1 oily1 sal9e1 & o!r p>ticles scatt]$ ?r\gh x4--,^! are n1 or b little1 compressible1 & 9 g5]al prev5t f]m5tation3 consequ5tly1 :]e ! air is pure/1 f]m5tation is be/ c>ri$ on4 ,! same au?or suspects1 t ! ultimate p>ticles ( air coh]e toge!r1 s z n easily to ins9uate !mselves into ! smalle/ pores1 ei!r ( solids or fluids4 ,h5ce1 ^? acqua9t$ ) brew+1 easily acc\nt1 :y v hot wat]1 :i* =ces /rong & p+ui\s p>ticles f malt1 =ms at ! same "t extracts unfav\rable = f]m5tation1 z oils are an ob/ruction to ! free entrance ( air2 &1 f an analog\s reason1 extracts :i* are mu* less impress$ ) fire1 9 !m f]m5tation is s mu* accel]at$1 t ! :ole soon becomes s\r4 ,air1 l o!r bodies1 is exp&$ & r>ifi$ by heat1 & ex]ts its ela/icity 9 proportion to ! numb] ( degrees ( fire x has receiv$2 ! hott] !re=e ! season is1 ! m active & viol5t w ! f]m5tation be4 ,air ab\nds ) wat]1 & is p]petually p5etrat+ & ins9uat+ itself into e ?+ capable ( receiv+ x4 ,its weight1 or gravitat+ =ce1 mu/ necess>ily produce numb]less effects4 ,! wat] conta9$ 9 ! air is r5d]$ m active by its motion2 h5ce ! sal9e1 gumm\s1 & saponace\s p>ticles x meets ) are loos5$ 9 _! texture1 &1 9 "s degree1 dissolv$4 ,z pr9ciples simil> to ^! are ! *ief con/itu5t p>ts ( malt1 ! reason is obvi\s :y su*1 :i* are old1 or h la9 a prop] "t expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! air1 dissolve m readily1 or1 9 o!r words1 yield a m copi\s extract ?an o!rs4 ,all bodies 9 a passive /ate1 rema9+ a suffici5t "t 9 ! same place1 become ( ! same degree ( heat ) ! air itself4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! wat]1 ly+ 9 ! backs us$ by brew]s1 is ne>ly ( ! same degree ( heat z ! !rmomet] %ews ! op5 air 9 ! %ade to be4 ,:5 ?is in/rum5t indicates a cold bel[ ! freez+ po9t1 or #cb degrees1 if ! wat] does n !n become ice1 ! reason is1 because x has n be5 expos$ long en\gh to be ?or\ghly affect$ by su* a cold4 ,= wat] does n imm$iately assume ! same degree ( temp]ature ) ! air1 pr9cipally on acc\nt ( its d5sity1 also f its be+ pump$ out ( deep & hot wells1 f its be+ kept 9 motion1 & f _m o!r incid5ts4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 no great error c arise to e/imate its heat equal to #ce degrees4 ,air is n easily expell$ f bodies1 ei!r solid or fluid4 ,wat] requires two h\rs boil+ to be dis*>g$ ( ! greate/ "p ( its air4 ,t x may be ?us expell$ by heat appe>s f h5ce2 wat]1 if boil$ ! space abovem5tion$1 in/ead ( hav+ any air bubbles :5 x is froze1 z ice commonly has1 becomes a solid mass l cry/al4 ,worts or mu/s1 z !y conta9 great quantities ( salts & oils1 require a great] degree ( heat to make !m boil3 consequ5tly m air is expell$ f boil+ worts1 ?an f boil+ wat] 9 ! same "t2 & z air do? n in/antane\sly re-ent] ^? bodies1#e :5 cold1 !y w\ld nev] f]m5t ( !mselves4 ,7 x n = ! sub/itute ( yea/1 to supply ! defici5cy ( air lo/ by boil+1 !y w\ld fox or putrify1 = want ( t int]nal ela/ic air1 :i* is absolutely necess>y to f]m5tation4 ,z air jo9$ to wat] contributes s p[]fully to r5d] t fluid m active1 t wat] :i* has endur$ fire ! lea/ "t1 provid$ x be hot en\gh1 w make ! /ronge/ extracts4 ,?\gh !re is air 9 e fluid1 x diff]s 9 quantity 9 diff]5t fluids2 s t no rule c be laid d[n = ! quantity ( air1 :i* worts %\ld conta94--,probably ! quantity1 suffici5t to saturate "o sort1 w n be an adequate proportion = ano!r4 ,air 9 ?is mann] encompasses1 is 9 contact )1 conf9es1 & compresses all bodies4 ,x ins9uates itself into _! p5etrable passages1 ex]ts all its p[] ei!r on solids1 or fluids1 & f9d+ 9 bodies "s elem5ts to :i* x has a t5d5cy1 unites ) !m4 ,by its weight & p]petual motion1 x /rongly agitates ^? p>ts ( ! bodies 9 :i* x is conta9$1 rubs1 & int]mixes !m intimately toge!r4 ,by disunit+ "s1 & jo9+ o!rs1 x produces v s+ul> effects1 n easily accompli%$ by any o!r means4--,t ?is elem5t has su* surpris+ p[]s1 is evid5t f ! foll[+ exp]im5t4 8,f]m5table p>ts duly prep>$ & dispos$ 9 ! vacuum ( ,mr4 ,boyle's air-pump w n f]m5t1 ?\gh act$ ^u by a prop] heat2 b1 dis*>g+ _! air1 rema9 un*ang$40 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,( ,,wat]4 ,z wat] is p]petually an object ( our s5ses1 & made use ( = mo/ ( ! purposes ( life1 x might be imag9$ ! nature ( ?is elem5t 0 p]fectly und]/ood3 b !y :o h enquir$ into x ) ! greate/ c>e1 f9d x v difficult to =m a j idea ( x4 ,"o reason ( ?is difficulty is1 wat] is n easily sep>at$ f o!r bodies1 or o!r bodies f wat]4 ,h>t%orn1 aft] hav+ be5 long dri$1 resi/s a file m ?an iron2 yet1 on di/illation1 yields mu* wat]4 ,i h already obs]v$1 t air is intimately mix$ )1 & possibly nev] entirely sep>at$ f x1 b 9 a vacuum2 h[ is x possible !n ev] to obta9 wat] p]fectly pure8 ,9 its mo/ p]fect /ate1 we und]/& x to be a liquor v fluid1 inodor\s1 insipid1 pellucid1 & col\rless1 :i*1 9 a c]ta9 degree ( cold1 freezes into a brittle1 h>d1 glassy ice4 ,lightness is reckon$ a p]fection 9 wat]1 t :i* weighs less be+ 9 g5]al ! pure/4 ,h5ce ! great difficulty ( det]m9+ ! /&>d weight x %\ld h4 ,f\nta91 riv]1 or well wat]s1 by _! admixture ) sal9e1 e>?y1 sulphure\s1 & vitriolic sub/ances1 are r5d]$ mu* heavi] ?an 9 _! natural /ate2 on ! o!r h&1 an increase ( heat1 or an addition ( air1 by v>y+ ! expansion1 dim9i%es ! weight ( wat]4 ,a p9t ( ra9-wat]1 suppos$ to be ! pure/1 is said to weigh #ae ounces1 #a dra*m1 & #ej gra9s1 b1 = ! reasons j n[ m5tion$1 ?is mu/ diff] 9 proportion z ! seasons ( ! ye> d f ea* o!r4 ,ano!r prop]ty ( wat]1 :i* x has 9 common ) o!r liquors1 is its fluidity1 :i* is s great1 t a v small degree ( heat1 above ! freez+ po9t1 makes x evaporate4 ,exp]im5ts to asc]ta9 ! proportion /eam$ away ( ! quantity ( wat] us$ 9 brew+1 is an object wor?y ( ! arti/'s curiosity2 b ! pur] ! wat] is1 ! m readily x evaporates4 ,sea-wat]1 :i* is suppos$ to conta9 "o =tie? "p ( salt1 m =cibly resi/s ! p[] ( fire1 & wa/es mu* less1 ?an t :i* is pure4 ,! ultimate p>ticles ( ?is elem5t1 ,bo]haave believ$ to be mu* less ?an ^? ( air1 z wat] passes ?r\gh ! pores & int]/ices ( wood1 :i* nev] transmit ! lea/ ela/ic air2 nor is !re1 says he1 any kn[n fluid1 7fire except$1 :i* =ces itself ?r\gh e subject7 ^: p>ts are m p5etrat+ ?an ^? ( wat]4 ,yet z wat] is n an univ]sal dissolv]1 !re are vessels :i* w conta9 x1 ?\gh !y w let pass ev5 ! ?ick syrup ( sug>1 = sug> makes its way by dissolv+ ! t5aci\s & oily sub/ance ( ! wood1 :i* wat] _c d4 ,wat]1 :5 fully saturat$ by fire1 is said to boil1 & by ! impulse ( t elem5t1 comes "u a /rong ebullition4 ,j be=e ?is viol5t agitation takes place1 ,i h already obs]v$1 x occupies "o sev5ty-six? m space ?an :5 cold3 s ! brew] :o w\ld be exact1 :5 he int5ds to r$uce 8 liquor to a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 mu/ all[ = ?is expansion1 abat+ !refrom ! quantity ( /eam exhal$4 ,z wat]1 by boil+1 may be said to be fill$ or saturat$ ) fire1 s may x be ) any o!r sub/ance capable ( be+ dissolv$ !re92 b1 ?\gh x w dissolve only a giv5 quantity ( any p>ticul> sub/ance1 x may1 at ! same "t1 take 9 a c]ta9 proportion ( "s o!r4 ,f\r ounces ( pure ra9 wat] w melt b "o ounce ( common salt1 & aft] tak+ ?is z ! utmo/ ( its quantity1 x w /ill receive two scruples ( ano!r k9d ( salt1 viz4 nitre4 ,9 l mann] ! /ronge/ extract ( malt is capable ( receiv+ ! prop]ties belong+ to hops3 b 9 a limit$ proportion4 ,?is appe>s f ! ?9 bitt] pelicle1 t (t5 swims on ! surface ( ! fir/ wort ( br[n be]s1 :i* commonly are ov]*>g$ ) hops1 by putt+ ! :ole quantity ( !m at fir/ !re92 ! wort n be+ capable ( susp5d+ all t ! heat dissolves1 x no soon] cools b ^! p>ts rise on ! top4 ,?is may s]ve z a h9t to prev5t ?is error1 by suff]+ ! fir/ wort to h no m hops boil$ !re9 ?an x c su/a93 b z ?is incid5t mu/ v>y1 9 proportion to ! heat ( ! extracts & quantity ( wat] us$1 "s few exp]im5ts are necess>y to indicate ! due proportion = ! sev]al sorts ( dr9k4 ,?is h[ev] %\ld always be ext5d$ to ! utmo/1 = ! fir/ wort1 :i*1 f its nature & con/itu5t p>ts1 /&s mo/ 9 ne$ ( ! pres]vative quality ! hops imp>t4 ,wat] acts v diff]5tly1 z a m5/ruum1 accord+ to ! quantity ( fire x conta9s3 consequ5tly its heat is a po9t ( ! utmo/ importance ) reg>d to brew+1 & %\ld be prop]ly v>i$ accord+ to ! dryness & nature ( ! malt1 accord+ z x is appli$ ei!r 9 ! fir/ or la/ ma%es1 & 9 proportion also to ! "t ! be] is int5d$ to be kept4 ,^! ends1 we hope to %ew1 are to be obta9$ to a degree ( num]ical c]titude4 ,nutrition _c be c>ri$ on )\t wat]1 ?\gh likely wat] itself is n ! matt] ( n\ri%m5t1 b only ! vehicle4 ,wat] is z necess>y to f]m5tation z heat or air4 ,! f>m]1 :o /acks 8 hay or corn be=e x is suffici5tly dri$1 soon exp]i5ces ! t]rible effects ( too mu* moi/ure1 or wat]1 resid+ !re93 all vegetables !re=e int5d$ to be long kept1 ought to be well dri$4 ,! brew] %\ld c>efully avoid pur*as+ hops t are slack bagg$1 or kept 9 a moi/ place1 or malt t has be5 spr9kl$ ) wat] soon aft] x 0 tak5 f ! kiln4 ,by means ( ! moi/ure1 an int]nal agitation is rais$ 9 ! corn1 :i* agitation1 ?\gh soon /opp$1 = want ( a suffici5t quantity ( air1 yet1 ! heat !reby g5]at$ rema9+1 e adv5titi\s se$1 fall5 f ! air1 & re/+ on ! corn1 beg9s to gr[1 & =ms a moss1 :i* dies1 & leaves a putrid mu/y ta/e beh9d1 always prevail+1 m or less1 9 be] made f su* gra94 ,t wat] is by no means an univ]sal solv5t1 z "s p h believ$1 has be5 already obs]v$4 ,x c]ta9ly does n act z su* on metals1 gems1 /ones1 & _m o!r sub/ances3 x is n 9 itself capable ( dissolv+ oils1 b is miscible ) highly rectifi$ spirits ( w9e1 or al*ohol1 :i* is ! pure/ vegetable oil 9 nature4 ,all saponace\s bodies1 :e!r artificial or natural1 fix$ or volatile1 readily melt !re92 & z _m p>ts ( ! malt are dissoluble 9 x1 !y mu/ ei!r be1 or become by heat1 ( ! nature ( soap1 t is1 equally miscible ) oils & wat]4 ,:5 a saponace\s sub/ance is dissolv$ 9 wat]1 x la!rs1 fro?s1 & be>s a head2 h5ce1 9 extracts ( malt1 we f9d ^! signs 9 ! und]back4 ,weak & slack liquors1 :i* conta9 ! salts ( ! malt )\t a suffici5t quantity ( ! oils1 yield no fro?4 ,some:at l ?is happ5s1 :5 ! wat] = ! extract is ov]-heat$1 = !n z m oils are extract$ ?an are suffici5t to balance ! salts1 ! extract comes d[n z be=e1 ) little or no fro? or head4 ,?is sam5ess ( appe>ance1 f two causes directly opposite to ea* o!r1 has _m times misl$ ! arti/1 & %ews ! necessity !re is to employ means less liable to error4 ,?is might be a prop] place to obs]ve ! diff]5ce betwe5 ra91 spr+1 riv]1 & pond wat]s2 b z ! art ( brew+ is v little affect$ by ! diff]5ce ( wat]s1 if !y be equally s(t1 b r dep5ds on ! due regulation ( heat2 & z s(t wat]s are f\nd 9 mo/ places1 & become m alike1 :5 heat$ to ! degree necess>y to =m extracts f malt2 x is evid5t1 t any sort ( be] or ale may be brew$ ) equal success1 :]e malt & hops c be procur$ prop] = ! respective purposes4 ,if hi!rto prejudice & int]e/ h appropriat$ to "s places a reputation = p>ticul> sort ( dr9ks1 x has arose f h5ce2 ! pr9ciples ( ! art be+ totally unkn[n1 ! ev5t dep5d$ on exp]i5ce only1 & lucky comb9ations 7 m frequ5t :]e ! greate/ practice 04 ,?us1 = want ( kn[+ ! true reason ( ! diff]5t prop]ties obs]v$ 9 ! sev]al dr9ks1 ! cause ( _! excell5cies or defects 0 ignorantly attribut$ to ! wat] made use (1 & ! inhabitants ( p>ticul> places soon f\nd an advantage1 9 avail+ !mselves ( ?is local reputation4 ,b j & true pr9ciples1 foll[$ by z j a practice1 mu/ r5d] ! art m univ]sal1 & add dignity to ! pr(ession1 by e/abli%+ ! m]it ( our b>ley w9es on k1 n on op9ion void ( judgm5t4 ,to place ?is tru? 9 a full] light1 & to communicate to ! brew] ! readie/ means to exam9e any wat]s he may h occasion to use1 ,i h extract$ f ,doctor ,lucas's ,essay on ,wat]s1 ! exp]im5ts he made on ! ,?ames1 ,new ,riv]1 & ,hamp/ead company's wat]s1 b )\t closely adh]+ to ! accuracy ?is g5tleman prescrib$ to himself2 su* exactness mu* bett] suit+ a man ( 8 abilities3 = ! purposes ( brew+ x is n ( absolute necessity4 ,exp]im5ts on ! ,?ames1 ,new ,riv]1 & ,hamp/ead ,wat]s1 :i* 9 g5]al are 9 use 9 ! ,cities ( ,london & ,we/m9/]4 ,subjects ,?ames1 at ,inf]5ces ,new ,riv]4 ,hamp/ead4 employ$4 ,som]set f ! ,h\se4 exp]im5ts on ,?ames wat]4 ,quantity ( ,quantity ( ,9 #bd h\rs insoluble insoluble dis*>ges air1 matt] 9 "o matt] 9 "o lets "s light p9t1 "o p9t1 "o s$im5t fall1 gra9 & a gra9 & a & gr[s half4 half4 cle>]4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,quantity ( ,quantity ( ,quantity ( wat] us$ wat] us$ wat] us$ two ounces4 two ounces4 two ounces4 ,tw5ty drops ,produc$--a ,a small ,produc$ a ,produc$1 #a/ syrup ( sea-gre54 quantity ( pal] gre54 a sea-gre52 violets4 alkal9e ^u /&+1 pr9ciple4 height5s2 9 #ab h\rs becomes yell[i%4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,infusion ( ,a p9k color ,a calc>i\s ,a pal] p9k2 ,a p9k bloom2 campe*y wood height5 to e>? dis- b height5s ^u /&+ to a d>k crimson4 solv$ 9 a z ,?ames4 height5s2 aft] orange4 m>9e acid1 fades1 & p]haps come/o ! some?+ ( a color ( old volatil ,can>y ,w9e4 alkaly1 :5ce ! wat] appe>s unfit = ! sc>let dye4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- #a gra9 ( ,a p9k bloom ,confirms ! ,! same z ,a v beautiful co*9elle1 height5s to prec$+ ! ,?ames crimson2 9 p[d]4 crimson2 fadesexp]im5t4 wat]4 height5s ^u to a pale /&+2 9 #ab muddy purple1 h\rs suff]s lett+ fall no dim9ution obscure gre5 ( color4 cl\ds4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,alcal9e lye1 ,slight milky ,*>g$ ) ,less milky1 ,( alkal9e lye #e drops4 cl\d2 becomest]r9e p>ts1) less us$ t5 drops4 milky all dissolv$ by s$im5t4 --,work$ no ov]2 a light means ( an s5sible *ange s$im5t ( acid2 at high 9 ?is wat]4 pale e>? wat] m coats ! acid 9 ! glass1 & is wat] ?an at f\nd at l[1 & ! bottom4 alkal9e pr9ciple 9 ?is riv] m at l[ wat] ?an at high4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,solution ( ,a pe>l- ,confirms ! ,less milky2 no,mixes smoo?ly1 ,soap4 color$ =m] coagulation4 & causes a milk9ess1 obs]vation4 slight b no lactesc5ce4 coagulation4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,a dilut$ acid,no p]ceptible,%ews an ,no s5sible ,^u /&+ ( vitriol4 *ange4 alkaly n *ange4 %ews "s air pr$om9ant4 bubbles1 & seems some:at bright]4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,m]cury ,no *ange2 ,! quantity ,! same ,! same sublimate ^u /&+1( alkaly 9- appe>ance z appe>ance1 b dissolv$ 9 a "m ( consid]able4 ,?ames2 rr slight] pure wat]1 pe>l color$ slight] ?an any ( ! #aj drops4 pellicle precipitation4o!r two4 cov]$ ! surface2 ! liquor b5ea? slightly milky4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,a solution ( ,pale cl\ds at,%ews "s ,! same z ,^u dropp+1 m]cury 9 !e drop2 absorb5t ,?ames1 b no *ange acid ( nitre4#a/ :ite & e>?1 by slight]4 appe>s2 ^u milky1 !n means ( an /&+ gr[s yell[i% acid1 milky1 !n to f\r drops susp5d$ 9 a pale yell[1 m got ! ! wat]4 ) a slight same color pe>l-color$ all ov]2 ^u pellicle2 %ews /&+1 a no air nor slight pale s$im5t2 ! pellicle glass slightly arose1 & a coat$ ^u muddy o*re- /&+2 color$ precipitat$ s$im5t fairly4 subsid$4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,a solution ( ,a bright milky,confirms ! ,! same z ,! same z lead 9 cl\d1 :i*1 prec$+ ,?ames1 b 9,new ,riv]4 di/ill$ gr[+ m obs]vation4 a l[] v9eg>1 at opac & degree4 e drop z :ite1 f> z #d subsid$2 ^u drops4 be+ /irr$1 _h a milky opacity all ov]2 ^u /&+1 ?rew up a pale pellicle1 & let fall :ite precipitate4 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ,a solution ( ,caus$ a ,%ews "s ,! same ,pale blui% silv] 9 ! pe>l$ portion ( effects1 b :ite cl\ds2 acid ( nitre1milk9ess2 sea-salt1 ( slight]2 ! ! #d drops4 ^u /&+ :i* ! precipitate (precipitate1 subsid$ a ,?ames has a pale violet a blui% slate violet purple m at high color4 color1 ?9ly color$ wat] ?an at cov]$ ! precipitate4 l[4 sides & bottom ( ! glass4 ,all ^! wat]s appe> to be suffici5tly pure = ! common uses ( life2 ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is v trivial1 if any3 ^? ( ,hamp/ead approa* ne>e/ to ! simple /ate ?is elem5t is to be wi%$ =4 ,al?\gh x _c be said to h an imm$iate relation to ?is "w1 yet x may n1 p]haps1 be disagreeable or useless "h to add ! quantities ( wat] ! cities ( ,london & ,we/m9/]1 & ! adjac5t build+s1 are daily suppli$ )4 ,f ! ,new ,riv] ,company #eghig ,tons p] ,day4 ,london ,bridge1 #hejj ,*elsea1 #agdj ,hamp/ead1 #abjj ,york ,build+s1 #hdi ,h>t%orn ,lane1 #bje ------ #gjcia ,tons requir$ e #bd h\rs4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,,( ,,e>?4 ,regul>ity requires "s notice %\ld be tak5 ( ?is elem5t4 ,! great writ] on *ymi/ry1 s (t5 m5tion$1 def9es x to be a simple1 h>d1 friable1 fossil body1 fix$ 9 ! fire1 b n melt+ 9 x1 nor dissoluble 9 wat]1 air1 alcohol1 or oil4 ,^! are ! *>act]s ( pure e>?1 :i*1 no m ?an any ( ! o!r elem5ts1 comes )9 our rea*1 free f admixture4 ,?\gh x is "o ( ! compon5t p>ts ( all vegetables1 yet z1 design$ly1 x is nev] made use ( 9 brew+1 except sometimes = ! purpose ( precipitation2 x is unnecess>y to say any ?+ m ^u x3 :oev] desires to be f>!r in=m$ conc]n+ its prop]ties may consult all1 or any ( ! au?ors be=e m5tion$4 ,,section ,v4 ,,( ,,m5/ruums ,,or ,,dissolv5ts4 ,by m5/ruums is und]/ood a body :i*1 9 a fluid or subtilis$ /ate1 is capable ( int]pos+ its small p>ts betwixt ! small p>ts ( o!r bodies4 ,?is act s obvi\sly relates to ! art ( brew+1 especially :]e ! extract+ ( ! malt & ! boil+ ( ! hops are conc]n$1 t x %\ld n be pass$ unhe$$ by4 ,! doctr9e ( m5/ruums1 z laid d[n by ,bo]haave1 seems mo/ intelligible & applicable to our purpose4 ,he says1 ! solutions ( bodies 9 g5]al are ! effect only ( attraction & repulsion1 betwe5 ! p>ticles ( ! m5/ruums & ^? ( ! body dissolv$1 ! :ole action dep5d+ on ! relation betwe5 ^! two2 ( consequ5ce1 !re _c be any body1 natural or artificial1 :i*1 )\t di/9ction1 w dissolve all bodies :atsoev]2 nor is ! cause assignable :y c]ta9 m5/ruums dissolve c]ta9 bodies3 ! effects ( alcal9e1 acid1 neutral1 fix$1 or volatile salts1 any m ?an ^? ( oils1 wat]1 alcohol1 fire1 or air1 are n to be acc\nt$ = by any g5]al rule1 t univ]sally holds true2 nor ev51 9 _m cases1 do? ! dissolution ( a body dep5d on ! purity or simplicity ( ! m5/ruum3 ! ne>e/ pa? !n to success1 is cauti\sly to apply e m5/ruum we "k ( to ! body ^: solv5t we want to discov]4 ,! elem5ts ( fire & air greatly promote ! action & effect ( m5/ruums1 & 9 ?is light !y are admitt$ z su*4 ,wat] dissolves mo/ salts1 all ! natural sapos ( plants1 & ! ripe juices ( fruits2 = 9 ^!1 ! oils1 salts1 & _s ( ! vegetables1 are accurately mix$ & concret$ toge!r1 & malts1 hav+ ! same con/itu5t p>ts ) !m1 ?is elem5t becomes a prop] m5/ruum to extract ?is gra93 ?\gh malts1 by be+ dri$ ) heats :i* greatly exce$ :at is necess>y to br+ b>ley to a /ate ( maturity1 d1 f h5ce1 require great]1 ?\gh det]m9ate heats1 yet inf]ior to t at :i* wat] boils2 b su* heats mu/ be appli$ 9 proportion to _! dryness1 to extract _! necess>y p>ts4 ,ev5 e>?s1 by ! int]v5tion ( acids1 dissolve 9 wat]2 b hav+ treat$ ( ! f\r elem5ts already1 z f> z we conceiv$ 0 requisite = ! art ( brew+1 we %all1 9 ?is *apt]1 conf9e ourselves to oils & salts1 & view ^! act+ z m5/ruums only4 ,to ! def9ition already giv5 ( oils1 x may be necess>y to add1 9 g5]al1 !y conta9 "s wat]1 & a volatile acid salt2 t !y receive diff]5t appellations1 & h diff]5t prop]ties 9 proportion to _! respective spissitudes4 ,oils f vegetables are obta9$ by expression1 infusion1 & di/illation2 9 ei!r ( :i* me?ods1 a too great heat is to be avoid$1 z ?is gives !m a prejudicial rancidness1 & :]e wat] does n int]pose1 alt]s _! color until !reby !y are turn$ black4 ,9 g5]al oils unite ) !mselves1 b1 except+ alcohol1 n ) wat]1 unless :5 comb9$ ) salts1 = salts attract wat]1 & s !y d oils3 h5ce arises _m elegant prep>ations bo? natural & artificial1 f :i* w9es are =m$4 ,! p[] ( oils 9 dissolv+ bodies is 9 a proportion to _! heat1 & be+ capable1 :5 pure1 ( receiv+ a quantity ( fire equal to #fjj degrees1 x is n surpris+ ?is liquid %\ld mix ) gums & ) res9\s bodies2 b ! color ( ^!1 & ( e subject :5 ?r[n into boil+ oils1 *anges 9 proportion to ! impression made on !m by heat1 ei!r to a yell[1 a r$1 or a black4 ,oils :i* are inspissat$1 or ?ick5$ by heat1 are t]m$ balsams4 ,d n ! oils ( malt1 f ! heat !y h und]gone1 resemble ^!8 & f ! circum/ance ( _! hav+ endur$ a heat sup]ior to t necess>y = putrefaction1 may !y n be suspect$ to possess a volatile alcal9e salt8 ,beyond d\bt1 ! extracts f malt 7?\gh !y boil at a heat ( #bah degrees only7 yet d !y1 9 great measure1 dissolve hops1 :i* are gum res9\s4 ,salt may well be d5om9at$ a m5/ruum1 z x is easily dilut$ ) wat]2 fix$ alcal9e salts we h already se5 appe> to be ! produce ( fire alone4--,su* are nev] di/+ui%$ 9 ! composition ( vegetables 9 _! natural /ate2 ?\gh a volatile alcali\s salt 7! effect ( heat equal or sup]ior to t necess>y = putrefaction7 is f\nd 9 _m1 & especially 9 su* z are putrifi$4 ,! p[] ( a fix$ alcali z a solv5t is great1 appli$ 7says ,bo]haave7 to animal1 vegetable1 or fossil concretions1 s f> z !y are oils1 balsams1 gummy1 res9\s1 or ( gummy res9\s nature1 & !re=e concret$ f oily sub/ances3 ^!1 ?is salt intimately op5s1 att5uates1 & resolves3 dispos+ !m to be p]fectly miscible ) wat]3 oils ( alcohol leav+ h[ev] ! impression ( ta/e naturally belong+ to ?is salt4 ,vegetable acid salt dissolves animal1 vegetable1 fossil1 & metall9e sub/ances1 except m]cury1 silv]1 & gold4 ,9 mo/ t]re/rial vegetables ?is salt is evid5t2 ripe mealy corn has ! lea/ indication ( x1 yet extracts !refrom1 :5 f]m5t$1 & sometimes be=e !y are f]m5t$1 discov] s5sibly _! acidity4 ,sea-plants 9 g5]al h n _! roots ins]t$ 9 ! e>? at ! bottom ( ! sea1 & ^! 9 di/illation yield an oily volatile alcali2 b m subtil ?an ! native acids ( vegetables1 are ! v9\s acids produc$ by f]m5tation2 !y dissolve equally mo/ matt]s put into !m1 & r5d] ! :ole homog5e4 ,into a mu/ or wort1 :5 "u ?is act1 by means ( an elosac*>um1 might be introduc$ ! *oice/ flavors1 & ! aromatics ( ! ,indies be appli$ to height5 ! ta/e & flavor ( our b>ley w9es4 ,! laws ( ,engl& at pres5t subsi/+ are inde$ opposite to any improvem5t ( ?is sort1 f ! appreh5sions ( abuse3 b :]e elegance alone is int5d$1 und\bt$ly ! m]it ( our be]s & ales might !reby be increas$4 ,z su*1 ?is is a "p ( *ymical k well wor? ! enquiry & att5tion ( ! brew]4 ,neutral salts h already be5 m5tion$2 ^! are v v>i\s1 & v diff]5t :5 act+ z m5/ruums4 ,res9s & gum-res9s are g5]ally said to be mo/ effectually dissolv$ by alcohol2 b ,bo]haave in=ms u1 t sal-amoniac 7a v salut>y subject & a neutral salt7 if boil$ ) gums1 res9s1 or ! gum-res9s ( vegetables1 intimately resolves1 & disposes !m to be conv5i5tly mix$ 9 aque\s & f]m5t+ spirit\s m5/ruums4 ,( ?is class ( salts ?us mu* is suffici5t4 ,?is obs]vation p]haps is ( too mu* consequ5ce to escape ! notice ( ! arti/4 ,,section ,,vi4 ,,( ,,! ,,!rmomet]4 ,?is in/rum5t is design$ = measur+ ! increase or decrease ( heat4 ,by do+ x num]ically1 x fixes 9 our m9ds ! quantity ( fire1 :i* any subject1 at any "t1 is impregnat$ )4 ,if diff]5t bodies are br\ght toge!r1 ?\gh ea* possesses a diff]5t degree ( heat1 x tea*es u to discov] :at degree ( heat !y w arrive at :5 ?or\ghly mix$1 suppos+ eff]vesc5ce to produce no alt]ation 9 ! mixture4 ,! inv5tor ( ?is admirable in/rum5t is n c]ta9ly kn[n1 ?\gh ! m]it ( ! discov]y has be5 ascrib$ to sev]al great m51 ( diff]5t nations1 9 ord] to d !m & _! c\ntries honor4 ,x came to u f ,italy1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ inv5tors 7 f> f br++ ?is in/rum5t to its pres5t degree ( p]fection4 ,z x 0 n !n h]metically seal$1 ! conta9$ fluid 01 at ! same "t1 influ5c$ by ! weight ( ! air1 & by ! expansion ( heat4 ,! academy ( ,flor5ce add$ ?is improvem5t to _! !rmomet]s1 :i* soon made !m m g5]ally receiv$2 b1 z ! highe/ degree ( heat ( ! in/rum5t1 con/ruct$ by ! ,flor5t9e g5tlem51 0 fix$ by ! action ( ! /ronge/ rays ( ! sun 9 _! c\ntry1 ?is vague det]m9ation1 v>y+ 9 almo/ e place1 & ! want ( a fix$ univ]sal scale1 r5d]$ all ! obs]vations made ) su* !rmomet]s ( little use to u4 ,boyle1 ,halley1 ,newton1 & sev]al o!r great m51 ?\ght ?is in/rum5t highly wor?y ( _! att5tion4 ,!y endeav\r$ to fix two inv>iable po9ts to reckon f1 &1 by means ( ^!1 to e/abli% a prop] division4 ,monsieur des ,amontons is said to h fir/ made use ( ! degree ( boil+ wat]1 = graduat+ 8 m]curial !rmomet]s4 ,fahr5heit1 inde$1 f\nd ! pressure ( ! air1 9 its greate/ latitude1 w\ld cause a v>iation ( six degrees 9 t po9t2 he !re=e conclud$1 a !rmomet] made at ! "t :5 ! air is 9 its middle /ate1 might be suffici5tly exact = almo/ e purpose4 ,long be=e ! heat ( boil+ wat] 0 settl$ z a p]man5t degree1 _m means 7 propos$ to det]m9e ano!r4 ,! degree ( temp]ature 9 a deep cave or cell>1 :]e no ext]nal air c\ld rea*1 0 imag9$ by _m a prop] "o2 b :at t degree truly 01 & :e!r x 0 fix$ & univ]sal1 0 f\nd too difficult to be det]m9$4 ,at la/ ! freez+ po9t ( wat] 0 ?\ght (1 & ?\gh "s d\bts arose1 ) ,dr4 ,halley & o!rs1 :e!r wat] con/antly froze at ! same degree ( cold1 ,dr4 ,m>t9e has s9ce1 by sev]al exp]im5ts1 prov$ ?is to be beyond all d\bt1 & ?is degree is n[ receiv$ = z fix$ a po9t z t ( boil+ wat]4 ,^! two degrees be+ ?us det]m9$1 ! next bus9ess 0 ! division ( ! int]m$iate space on "s scale1 t c\ld be g5]ally receiv$4 ,?\gh !re seem$ to be no difficulty 9 ?is1 philosoph]s ( diff]5t c\ntries h n be5 uni=m 9 _! det]m9ations1 & t :i* is us$ 9 ! !rmomet] at pres5t ! mo/ common1 &1 9 o!r respects1 ! mo/ p]fect1 is f> f be+ ! simple/4 ,! liquid :]e) !rmomet]s 7 to be fill$1 became ! object ( ano!r enquiry4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton employ$1 = ?is purpose1 l9se$ oil2 b ?is1 be+ an unctu\s body1 is apt to adh]e to ! sides ( ! glass1 &1 :5 sudd5ly affect$ by cold1 = want ( ! p>ts :i* ?us /ick to ! sides1 does n %ew ! true degree4 ,t+$ wat] 0 employ$ by o!rs2 b ?is freez+1 :5 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] po9ts #cb degrees1 & boil+1 :5 x rises to #bab1 01 f !nce1 incapable ( d5ot+ any m int5se cold or heat4 ,_s ( w9e1 :i* endures mu* cold )\t /agnat+1 0 next made use (2 b ?is liquor1 be+ susceptible ( no great] degree ( heat ?an t :i*1 9 ,fahr5heit's scale1 is express$ by #age1 c\ld be ( no s]vice :]e boil+ wat] 0 conc]n$4 ,at la/ ! prop]e/ fluid1 to answ] e purpose1 0 f\nd to be m]cury4 ,?is _h nev] be5 kn[n to freeze#f2 & n to boil "u a heat ( #fjj degrees1 & is free f e inconv5i5cy att5d+ o!r liquors4 ,z ! in/rum5t is entirely f\nd$ on ?is pr9ciple1 t heat or fire exp&s all bodies1 z cold cond5ses !m1 !re 0 a necessity ( employ+ a fluid easy to be dilat$4 ,a quantity ( x is seat$ 9 "o "p 9 ! bulb4 ,?is be+ exp&$ by heat1 is pu%$ =w>d into a f9e tube1 or capill>y cyl9d]1 s small1 t ! motion ( ! fluid 9 x is spe$y & p]ceptible4 ,"s !rmomet]s h be5 con/ruct$ ) _! res]voir compos$ ( a l>g] cyl9d]2 b 9 g5]al1 at pres5t1 !y are made globul>4 ,! small] ! bulb is1 ! soon] x is heat$ ?r\gh1 & ! f9] ! tube1 ! great] w be ! l5g? ( x1 & ! m di/9ct ! degrees4 ,x is sc>cely possible t any glass cyl9d]1 s v small1 %\ld be p]fectly regul>2 ! quicksilv]1 dur+ ! expansion1 pass+ ?r\gh "s p>ts ( ! tube wid] ?an o!rs1 ! degrees w be %ort] 9 ! fir/ case1 & long] 9 ! latt]4 ,if ! divisions1 !re=e1 are made equal betwe5 ! boil+ & freez+ po9ts1 a !rmomet]1 ^: cyl9d] is irregul>1 _c be true4 ,to rectify ?is inconv5i5cy1 ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,bird1 ( ,london1 puts into ! tube ab\t ! l5g? ( an in* ( m]cury2 & measur+1 ) a pair ( compasses1 ! true ext5t ( ?is body ( quicksilv] 9 "o place1 he moves x f "o end to ! o!r1 c>efully obs]v+ :]e x increases or dim9i%es 9 l5g?1 !reby asc]ta9+ ! p>ts1 & h[ mu* ! degrees are to be v>i$4 ,by ?is contrivance1 8 !rmomet]s are p]fectly accurate1 & exce$ all t 7 ev] made be=e4 ,i %all n tr\ble my read] ) num]\s calculations t h be5 made1 to express ! quantity ( p>ticles ( ! liquor conta9$ 9 ! bulb1 9 ord] to det]m9e h[ mu* x is dilat$4 ,?is1 ,dr4 ,m>t9e seems to ?9k a m curi\s ?an useful enquiry4 ,x is suffici5t1 = our purpose1 to "k h[ ! be/ !rmomet]s ought to be con/ruct$3 !y :o h leisure & incl9ation1 may be agreeably ent]ta9$ by ! au?or la/ cit$4 ,by obs]v+ ! rise ( ! m]cury 9 ! !rmomet]1 dur+ any giv5 "t1 z1 = in/ance1 dur+ ! "t ( ! day1 we asc]ta9 ! degree & value ( ! heat ( e "p ( ! day1 f :5ce may be fix$ ! m$ium ( ! :ole "t1 or any "p !re(4 ,by repeat$ exp]im5ts1 x appe>s1 ! m$ium heat ( mo/ days is usually indicat$ at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+1 if ! in/rum5t is plac$ 9 ! %ade1 9 a nor!rn situation1 & out ( ! rea* ( any accid5tal heat4 ,?\gh wat] is n s readily affect$ z air by heat & cold1 yet1 z all bodies long expos$ 9 ! same place1 become ( ! same degree ( heat ) ! air itself1 no great error c arise f e/imat+ wat]1 9 g5]al1 to be ( ! same heat z ! air1 at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+1 9 ! %ade4 ,! !rmomet] tea*es u t ! heat ( boil+ wat] is equal to #bab degrees1 & by calculation we may "k :at quantity ( cold wat] is necess>y to br+ x to any degree we *oose2 s1 not)/&+ ! in/rum5t _c be us$ 9 l>ge vessels1 :]e ! wat] is heat+1 yet1 by ! p[] ( numb]s1 ! heat may be asc]ta9$ ) ! greate/ accuracy4 ,! rule is ?is3 multiply #bab1 ! heat ( boil+ wat]1 by ! numb] ( b>rels ( wat] ?us heat$1 7suppose #bb7 & ! numb] ( b>rels ( cold wat] to be add$ to ! =m]1 7suppose #aj17 by ! heat ( ! air at eight o'clock1 7suppose #ej17 add ^! two products toge!r1 & divide by ! sum ( ! b>rels2 ! quoti5t %ews ! degree ( heat ( ! wat] mix$ toge!r4 #bab heat ( boil+ wat]4 #bb b>rels to be made to boil4 ---- #dbd #ej deg4 heat ( air at eight4 #dbd #aj b>rels ( cold wat]4 ---- --- #bb #dffd #ejj #aj #ejj -- ---- sum #cb7 #eafd7afa degrees w be ! heat ( ! wat] ( b>rels #cb :5 mix$ toge!r4 ---- #aif #aib ---- #dd #cb ---- #ab ,! calculation may be ext5d$ to ?ree or m bodies1 provid$ !y be br\ght to ! same d5om9ation4 ,suppose #cb b>rels ( wat] to be us$ :]e !re is a gri/ ( #bj qu>t]s ( malt1 if ^! #bj qu>t]s ( malt are ( a volume or bulk equal to #aa b>rels ( wat]1 & ! malt1 by hav+ la9 expos$ to ! air1 is ( ! same degree ( heat ) ! air1 9 ord] to "k ! heat ( ! ma%1 ! calculation mu/ be ?us cont9u$4 #afa heat ( wat] #ej degrees ( heat ( malt #cb b>rels ( wat] #aa b>rels1 volume ( malt ---- --- #ccc #eej #dhc ---- #cb wat] #eafc #aa malt #eej -- ---- #dc 7 #egac 7#acb degrees1 :i* w be ! heat ( #dc ! ma%4 ---- #ada #abi ---- #abc #hf ---- #cg ,we %all meet h]eaft] ) "s incid5ts1 :i* occasion a diff]5ce 9 ! calculations made = ! purpose ( brew+1 b ( ^! p>ticul> m5tion w be made 9 ! practical "p4 ,! !rmomet]1 by %ew+ ! diff]5t degrees ( heat ( ea* "p ( ! ye>1 in=ms u1 at ! same "t1 h[ necess>y x is ! proportions ( boil+ wat] to cold %\ld be v>i$ to effect an uni=m int5t2 also t ! heat ( ! extracts ( small be] %\ld diff] proportionably z ! heats ( ! seasons d3 x assi/s u to fix ! quantity ( hops necess>y to be us$ at diff]5t times2 h[ mu* yea/ is requisite1 9 ea* t]m ( ! ye>1 to c>ry on a due f]m5tation2 & :at v>iation is to be made 9 ! l5g? ( "t t worts ought to boil4 ,inde$1 )\t ?is k1 be]s1 ?\gh brew$ 9 _! due season1 _c be regul>ly f]m5t$1 & :5ev] !y prove good1 s (t5 may x be said =tune 0 on ! brew]'s side4 ,be]s are deposit$ 9 cell>s1 to prev5t _! be+ affect$ by ! v>iations ( heat & cold 9 ! ext]nal air4 ,by means ( ! !rmomet]1 may be det]m9$ ! heat ( ^! cell>s1 ! temp] ! liquor is kept 91 & :e!r x w soon] or lat] come =w>d4 ,! brew+ season1 & ! reason :y su* season is fitte/ = brew+1 c only be discov]$ by ?is in/rum5t4 ,x po9ts out likewise our *ance = success1 :5 necessity obliges u to brew 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,z all vegetable f]m5tation is c>ri$ on 9 heats1 betwe5 two settl$ po9ts1 we are1 by ?is in/rum5t1 taught to put our worts toge!r at su* a temp]ature1 z !y %all nei!r be evaporat$ by too great a heat1 nor ret>d$ by too mu* cold4 ,if curiosity %\ld lead u s f>1 we might likewise det]m9e1 by x1 ! p>ticul> /r5g? ( ea* wort1 or ( e ma%2 = if wat] boils at #bab degrees1 oil at #fjj1 & worts be a composition ( wat]1 oil & salt2 ! m ! heat ( a boil+ wort exce$s t ( boil+ wat]1 ! m oils & salts mu/ x conta91 or ! /rong] is ! wort4 ,a giv5 quantity ( hops1 boil$ 9 a giv5 quantity ( wat]1 mu/ h a simil> effect1 consequ5tly ! intr9sic value ( ?is vegetable may1 9 ! same mann]1 be asc]ta9$4 ,! m ! malts are dri$1 ! m d !y alt] 9 color1 f a :ite to a light yell[1 next to an amb]1 f>!r on to a br[n1 until ! color becomes speckl$ ) black2 9 :i* /ate we frequ5tly see x4 ,if m fire or heat is cont9u$1 ! gra9 w at la/ *>r1 & become intirely black4 ,by obs]v+ ! degrees ( heat necess>y to induce ^! alt]ations1 we may1 by ! m]e inspection ( ! malt1 "k ) :at degree ( fire x has be5 dri$2 & fix+ ^u su* :i* be/ suits our purpose1 direct1 ) ! greate/ accuracy1 n only ! heat ( ! fir/ ma%1 b ! mean heat ! :ole brew+ %\ld be impress$ ) to answ] our int5t1 circum/ances ( ! greate/ consequ5ce to ! "r managem5t ( ! process4 ,if ,i _h n already said en\gh to conv9ce ! brew] ( ! utility ( ?is in/rum5t1 h[ curi\s he ought to be 9 ! *oice1 & h[ well acqua9t$ ) ! use ( x1 ,i %\ld add ! heat ga9$ by ! eff]vesc+ ( malt1 is to be det]m9$ by x alone2 ! quantity ( heat lo/ by ma%+1 by ! wat] 9 its passage f ! copp] to ! ma% ton1 & by ! extract com+ d[n into ! und]back1 ^! c be f\nd by no o!r me?od2 &1 above all1 t !re is no o!r means to "k ) c]ta9ty ! heat ( e extract4 ,i "k v well good be]s 7 sometimes1 p]haps (t51 made be=e ! !rmomet] 0 kn[n1 & /ill is1 by _m :o are entirely ignorant ( x2 b ?is1 if n :olly ! effect ( *ance1 _c be said to be v di/ant f x4 ,!y :o c>ry on ?is process1 unassi/$ by pr9ciples & ! use ( ! !rmomet]1 mu/ admit !y are frequ5tly unsuccessful1 :]eas did !y c>efully & ) k apply ?is in/rum5t1 !y c]ta9ly w\ld n be disappo9t$4--,x is equally true1 ! brew+ art1 = a long space ( "t1 has be5 gov]n$ by an ill-convey$ tradition alone2 if lucky comb9ations h sometimes flatt]$ ! be/ practition]s1 faulty dr9ks h z (t5 made !m feel ! want ( c]ta9 & well e/abli%$ rules4 ,x is j z absurd = a brew] to refuse ! use ( ! !rmomet]1 z x w\ld be = an ar*itect to reject ! in=mations ( 8 plummet & rule1 & to ass]t !y 7 uns]viceable because ! fir/ h\se1 & probably _m o!rs1 7 built )\t _! assi/ance4 ,,section ,,vii4 ,,( ,,! ,,v9e1 ,,its ,,fruits1 ,,& ,,juices4 ,aft] ^! %ort acc\nts ( ! pr9ciples & in/rum5t necess>y to ! "r und]/&+ ( ! brew+ art1 we %\ld n[ draw ne> to ! p>ticul> object ( ?is treatise1 b z ! mo/ successful me?od to inve/igate x1 mu/ be fir/ to inspect ! great & simil> example nature has set be=e u1 our "t w n be lo/ by mak+ ?is enquiry4 ,any f]m5t$ liquor1 t1 9 di/illation1 yields an inflammable _s miscible ) wat]1 may be call$ w9e1 :atev] vegetable matt] x is produc$ f4--,z be] & ales conta9 a _s exactly answ]able to ?is def9ition1 brew+ may ju/ly be call$ ! art ( mak+ w9es f corn4 ,^?1 inde$1 :i* are ! produce ( ! grape1 h a p>ticul> claim to ! "n1 ei!r because !y are ! mo/ anci5t & ! mo/ univ]sal1 or t a great "p ( _! previ\s prep>ation is ow+ to ! c>e ( nature itself4 ,by obs]v+ ! ag5ts %e employs1 & ! circum/ances "u :i* %e acts1 we %all f9d ourselves enabl$ to foll[ h] /eps1 & to imitate h] op]ations4 ,mo/ grapes conta9 juices1 :i*1 :5 f]m5t$1 become 9 "t z light & pellucid z wat]1 & are possess$ ( f9e spirit\s p>ts1 suffici5t to *]i%1 com=t1 & ev5 inebriate4 ,b ^! prop]ties ( v9osity are obs]v$ n to be equally p]fect 9 ! fruits ( all v9es2 "s ( !m are f\nd less1 o!rs n at all prop] = ?is purpose4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to exam9e ! circum/ances :i* att5d ! =m+ & rip5+ ( ^? grapes1 ^: juices produce ! f9e/ liquors ( ! k9d4 ,all grapes1 :5 !y fir/ bud =?1 are au/]e & s\r1 !re=e ( a middle nature4 ,& ?is c be no o!r ?an ! effect ( ! autumnal rema9+ sap1 mix$ ) ! new rais$ v]nal "o1 ! consequ5ce ( :i* mixture w be f\nd greatly to m]it our inquiry4 ,z f> z our s5ses c judge1 at fir/1 x appe>s t ! juice1 9 ?is /ate1 consi/s ( some:at m ?an an acid comb9$ ) a ta/eless wat]4 ,:5 ! fruit is ripe1 x becomes full ( a ri*1 sweet1 & highly flav\r$ juice4 ,! color1 consi/5cy1 & ta/e ( :i* %ew1 t1 by ! p[] ( heat1 a consid]able quantity ( oil has be5 rais$1 &1 %ea?+ ! salts1 is ! reason ( its sac*>9e ta/e & sac*>9e prop]ties4 ,9 ,engl&1 grapes are probably produc$ "u ! lea/ heat !y c be rais$ by4 ,!y discov] !mselves 9 _! fir/ %ape1 ab\t ,june1 :5 ! m$ium heat ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\r's %ade is #eg1fj4 ,?is1 ) :at m %\ld be add$ = ! effect ( ! sun's beams1 are ! degrees ( heat :i* fir/ introduce ! juices into ?is fruit4 ,! highe/ degrees ( heat1 9 ! c\ntries :]e grapes come to p]fect maturity1 h be5 obs]v$ to be1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,greece #ajj1 & at ,montpeli] #hh1 9 ! %ade2 to :i*1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,l9+'s obs]vations1 #bj degrees mu/ be add$ = ! effect ( ! sun's beams4 ,! greate/ heat 9 ,italy w !n am\nt to #abj degrees1 & 9 ! s\? ( ,france to #ajh4 ,^! approa* ne>ly to ! /ronge/ heats obs]v$ 9 ! hotte/ climates1 :i*1 9 ,a/racan1 ,syria1 ,s5egal1 & ,c>ol9a1 7 f #abd to #abf degrees4 ,^? c\ntries1 :]e ! heat is greate/1 9 g5]al produce ! ri*e/ fruits1 t is1 ! mo/ impregnat$ ) sweet1 ?ick & oily juices4 ,we are told1 among ! ,tockay w9e-hills1 !re is "o :i*1 directly front+ ! s\?1 & be+ ! mo/ expos$ to ! sun1 yields ! sweete/ & ri*e/ grapes4 ,x is call$ ! sug>-hill1 & ! delici\s w9es extract$ f ?is p>ticul> spot1 are all deposit$ 9 ! cell>s ( ! imp]ial family4 ,^? grapes1 "s 9 ! ,can>ies1 "s 9 o!r places1 be+ suff]$ to rema9 ! longe/ on ! tree1 ) _! /ems half cut ?r\gh1 by ?is means procure _! juices to be highly conc5trat$1 & produce t species ( sweet1 oily1 balmy w9es1 :i*1 f ?is op]ation1 are call$ sack1 a d]ivation ( ! ,fr5* ^w sec or dry4 ,9 all di/illations ( unf]m5t$ vegetables1 wat] & acid salts rise fir/4 ,a m consid]able degree ( fire is requir$ = ! elevation ( oils1 & a /ill great] "o = ! lixivial salts1 :i* r5d] ^? oils miscible ) wat]4 ,a plant1 expos$ to a v g5tle heat1 at fir/ yields a wat] :i* conta9s ! p]fect smell ( ! vegetable bl5d$ ) a subtile oil2 if m heat be add$1 an heavi] oil w come ov]3 f "s a volatile alkali1 f o!rs a phlegm w rise1 :i* gradually gr[s acid2 &1 la/ ( all1 ) ! f>!r assi/ance ( fire1 ! black1 ?ick1 empyreumatic sulphur4 ,nature1 9 a less degree1 may be said to place a l s]ies ( ev5ts be=e our eyes1 9 ! =m+ & maturat+ ( grapes1 & x is by imitat+ :at %e does1 t ! inhabitants ( diff]5t c\ntries may improve ! advantages ( _! soil & ( _! air4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate ! doctr9e1 t grapes are endu$ ) v>i\s prop]ties1 9 proportion to ! heat ( ! air !y h be5 expos$ to1 let u rememb] :at ,bo]haave has obs]v$1 t1 9 v hot wea!r1 ! ole\s corpuscles ( ! e>? are c>ri$ up into ! air1 &1 desc5d+ aga91 cause ! %[]s & dews 9 summ] to be v diff]5t f ! pure sn[ ( w9t]4 ,! fir/ are acrid1 & dispos$ to fro?1 ! la/ is transp>5t & insipid4 ,h5ce summ] ra91 or ra9 fall+ 9 hot seasons1 is always fruitful1 :]eas 9 cold wea!r x is sc>cely s at all4 ,9 w9t] ! air ab\nds ) acid p>ts1 nei!r smoo!d by oils nor r>ifi$ by heat3 cold is ! cond5s+ p[]1 z heat is ! op5] ( nature4 ,9 summ]1 ! air1 dilat+ itself1 p5etrates e :]e1 & gives to ! ra9 a disposition to fro?1 occasion$ by ! admixture ( ole\s & arial p>ticles4 ,?us ! acid salts1 ei!r previ\sly exi/+1 or by ! v]nal heat introduc$ into ! grapes1 & necess>y to _! pres]vation1 are neutraliz$ by com+ 9 contact ) ! juices ! =ego+ autumn produc$2 aft] :i* a hott] sun1 cov]+ or bl5d+ ^! juices ) oils1 *anges ! :ole into a sac*>9e =m4 ,9 proportion z ^! acids are m or less %>p1 & c\nt]balanc$ by a great] or less] quantity ( oils1 ! juices ( grapes approa* m or less to ! /ate ( p]fection1 :i* f]m5tation requires4 ,!re are _m places1 z ,jamaica1 ,b>badoes1 c4 9 :i* exp]i5ce %ews ! v9e _c be cultivat$ to advantage4 ,by comp>+ ! heat ( ^! places ) ^? 9 ,italy & ,montpeli]1 x appe>s ?is defect is n ow+ to excessive heats1 b to _! con/ancy & uni=mity2 ! temp]ature ( ! air ( ^! c\ntries seldom be+ s l[ z ! degree necess>y = ! fir/ production ( ! fruit4 ,:5ev] ! cultivation ( ! v9e is attempt$ 9 ^! p>ts ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! grapes1 on _! fir/ appe>ance1 are %ad$ & skre5$ f ! beams ( ! sun1 :i*1 9 _! infancy1 !y are n able to be>4 ,h5ce we le>n1 ?\gh nature employs bo? ! autumnal & v]nal seasons1 yet !re are less] heats ) :i* %e prep>es ! fir/ juice ( grapes1 a /rong] p[] ( ! sun %e requires to =m ! fruit1 & a great] ?an ei!r to rip5 x4 ,we h inve/igat$ ! l[e/ degrees ( heat1 9 :i* grapes are produc$1 & ne>ly ! highe/ !y ev] receive to rip5 !m4 ,let u call ! fir/ ! g]m9at+ degrees1 & ! la/ ^? ( maturation4 ,if ne>ly #eh be ! l[e/ ( ! "o1 & #abf ! highe/ ( ! o!r1 & if a c]ta9 p[] ( acids is necess>y = ! g]m9ation ( ! grapes1 :i* mu/ be c\nt]balanc$ by an equal p[] ( oils rais$ by ! heat ( ! sun = _! maturation1 !n ! m$ium ( ^! two numb]s1 or #ib1 maybe said to be a degree at :i* ?is fruit _c possibly be produc$1 & inf]ior to t by :i* x %\ld be maturat$4 ,at ,panama ! l[e/ degree ( heat 9 ! %ade is #gb1 to :i* #bj be+ add$1 = ! sun's beams1 ! sum w be #ib1 & consequ5tly no grapes c gr[ !re1 except ! v9es be plac$ 9 ! %ade4 ,if we recollect t we c sc>cely make w9e1 :i* w pres]ve itself1 ( grapes produc$ 9 ,engl&1 we %all be induc$ to ?9k1 t ! reason ( ?is defect is ! want ( ! high degrees ( heat4 ,our sun seldom raises ! !rmomet] to #ajj degrees1 & t b = a %ort cont9uance4 ,our m$ium heat is f> inf]ior to #ib1 & h5ce we see1 at sev]al di/ant t]ms 9 summ]1 new g]m9at$ grapes1 b seldom any p]fectly ripe4 ,^! obs]vations1 ! use ( :i*1 9 brew+1 we w endeav\r to apply1 likewise po9t out to u1 :at "p ( our plantations are fit to produce ?is fruit1 & to :at degree ( p]fection4 ,a rese>* made = ea* con/itu5t "p =m+ grapes1 z well z ! proportion !y be> to "o ano!r1 at fir/ sight1 appe>s to be an eligible me?od to discov] ! nature ( w9es2 b 9 e vegetable _! p>ts are mix$ & int]wov51 & e degree ( heat1 act+ on !m1 f9ds ^! s bl5d$1 z to r5d] _! division too imp]fect = su* enquiry to be made ) suffici5t accuracy1 to d$uce !refrom ! rules ( an art4 ,9 ! produc+1 rip5+1 & f]m5t+ ! juice ( ! grapes1 z well z 9 =m+ be]s & ales1 ! elem5t ( fire s sup]latively influ5ces & gov]ns e progressive act1 z to occasion "s rem>kable diff]5ce 9 _! appe>ance3 f1 h5ce1 !n1 we may expect ! in=mation we want1 & be enabl$ to discov] ! laws by :i* ,nature =ms h] w9es4 ,:5 ! con/itu5t p>ts ( a subject are to be e/imat$ by heat alone1 ! numb] ( degrees compreh5d$ betwe5 ! fir/ heat :i* =m$ x1 & ! la/ :i* br\ght x to a p]fect /ate1 mu/ express ! :ole ( its con/itu5t p>ts4 ,complete f9i%$ sub/ances1 mu/ h be5 b5efit$ by ! :ole latitude ( degrees applicable !reto2 & 9 proportion z "p ( ! :ole latitude is want+1 w _! nature be diff]5t1 & !mselves less p]fect4 ,?is v>iety is rem>kable 9 ! fruit we are n[ treat+ (4 ,a c\ntry endu$ ) ! l[e/ g]m9at+1 & ) ! highe/ maturat+ degrees ( heat = grapes1 w\ld produce !m 9 ! utmo/ p]fection2 t is1 !y w\ld possess all ! sev]al prop]ties !y c\ld obta9 f ?is circum/ance2 consequ5tly su* are capable ( =m+ w9es t w\ld pres]ve !mselves a v long "t1 & w\ld also become spontane\sly f9e4 ,f ! sev]al heats we h obs]v$ t ?is fruit is capable ( endur+1 x is reasonable to believe ! greate/ numb] ( degrees ( heat employ$ to =m all _! con/itu5t p>ts1 mu/ be :]e1 dur+ ! :ole space ( vegetation1 ! heat 9 ! %ade v>ies f #fj to #ajf degrees1 & con/itutes a diff]5ce ( #df degrees4 ,s great a latitude1 ord]$ by nature1 mo/ c]ta9ly d5otes ! g5]al utility ( ! plant4 ,! climate ( ! s\!rn "p ( ,france approa*es ne>e/ to ?is2 b ,spani% w9es are ri*]2 _! grapes are =m$ by a w>m] sun2 _! v]nal & maturat+ heats exce$ ^? ( ,france2 b1 at ! same "t1 _! w9es are m /ubborn1 &1 to be made f9e1 require ! help ( precipitation4 ,?is v>iety increases accord+ to ! heat ( climates3 ?us we see w9es :i* come f ! coa/ ( ,africa1 ^: ri*ness & /ubbornness are beyond ! rea* ( any m5/ruum employ$ to f9e !m4 ,let u endeav\r to r$uce ?is app>5t incon/ancy to rule1 9 ord] to assi/ our art4--,if ! l[e/ heat :i* =ms ! grape1 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,france1 be #fj degrees1 & if #hh degrees1 9 ! %ade1 be ! mean ( _! maturat+ heat1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 #fj & #hh1 or #bh degrees1 is ! numb] :i* includes ! con/itu5t p>ts ( grapes 9 ?is c\ntry1 z ^! degrees imply ! :ole space ( _! progress4 ,if l juices 7 to be imitat$ by art1 z 9 our hot-h\ses1 x is cle> half ! numb] ( ! degrees ( heat :i* =m ! :ole ( ! con/itu5t p>ts1 or #ad1 d$uct$ f #gd1 ! mean heat ( _! :ole vegetation1 w\ld give #fj1 = ! fir/ heat to be employ$1 & ?is to be rais$1 = maturation1 to #hh1 ! greate/ heat1 nature 9 ?is case1 p]mits1 or #ad degrees to be add$ to ! same :ole mean4 ,to lik5 ! w9es ( ,spa91 :]e ! autumnal & v]nal heats are great] ?an 9 ,france1 ! heat =m+ ! fir/ juices mu/ be m1 z also ! maturat+ heats2 b ) su* practice1 ! numb] ( con/itu5t degrees w\ld be f\nd to be few]1 & spontane\s brightness c\ld no m be expect$1 ?an x is f\nd1 9 _! w9es4 ,a /rict enquiry aft] ! heats fir/ & la/ appli$ to grapes1 is ( su* consequ5ce to asc]ta9 ! pr9ciples by :i* malt liquor %\ld be =m$1 t1 ?\gh grapes produc$ 9 ,engl& sc>cely make w9es :i* c ma9ta9 !mselves s\nd1 yet1 z ! rule is univ]sal1 ev5 f !m we %all be able to e/abli% n only its c]ta9ty1 b also ! application ( ! numb] ( ! degrees f\nd betwe5 ! heats :i* g]m9ate ! fruit1 & ^? :i* rip5 !m4 ,f twelve ye>s obs]vation1 we h f\nd ! mean heat 9 ! %ade1 f ! #a/ ( ,june1 to ! #ae?1 :5 grapes ) u fir/ ,deg4 bud =?1 to be #eg4fj ,our greate/ heat1 "u l circum/ances1 f ! #ae? to ! #ca/ ( ,july1 to be #fa4aj ----- ,_! diff]5ce1 #c4ej ----- ,_! m$ium1 #ei4ce ----- ,if1 f _! m$ium1 #ei4ce1 we subtract #a4ge1 half _! diff]5ce1 or half _! con/itu5t p>ts1 we mu/ h left #eg4fj = ! g]m9at+ heat2 & if to _! m$ium1 #ei4ce1 we add #a4ge1 half ! numb] ( _! con/itu5t p>ts1 we %all h #fa4aj1 ! highe/ mean heat1 9 ! %ade1 at ! "t ! ri*e/ juices ( our grapes are =m$4 ,x is true1 9 ,july1 nor ev5 9 ! foll[+ mon?s1 :5 ! heat cont9ues ne>ly alike1 our grapes are n ripe1 nor ga!r$2 ! prop]ties rais$ by our greate/ sun%9e1 z yet h n rea*$ ! fruit1 & ?\gh ! mean heat ( ! air 9 ,septemb] & ,octob] is less1 yet x is suffici5t to place 9 ! grapes ! juices rais$ by ! prec$+ hot sun1 :i* conc5trate & gr[ ri*]1 by rema9+ on ! plant1 ?\gh1 = want ( a suffici5t heat1 !y d n rea* t p]fection obta9$ 9 w>m] climates4 ,! want ( grapes 9 _m p>ts bo? ( ,am]ica & ,africa1 & ! reason we gave = ?is1 7,see page #ee17 w>rants ! tru? ( ! division we h j n[ made1 betwe5 ! g]m9at+ & maturat+ heats2 & if ! effects caus$ by a hot sun d n imm$iately b5efit ! fruit1 by a p>ity ( reason1 aft] ! grapes are ga!r$1 ! plant mu/ possess1 7& surely = "s long] space1 by a cont9u$ heat1 equal1 & (t5 sup]ior1 to ! v]nal sun17 juices :i* ,nature is too frugal n usefully to apply2 ^! juices1 we appreh5d1 assi/ 9 =m+ ! embryo ( ! leaves :i* are fully to exp& ! ensu+ ye>1 & s]ve1 by _! oleag9\s quality1 to pres]ve ^! & ! :ole plant dur+ ! cold ( ! w9t]2 :i* cold1 at ! same "t t x contracts ! pores ( ! v9e1 cond5ses & ?ick5s ^! ri*] juices1 f :5ce few1 if any ( !m1 are lo/ or exp5d$ by p]spiration4 ,! heat ( ! foll[+ spr+ r5ews _! activity1 :5 bl5d+ ) ^? ?is season attracts1 ! leaves op51 ! fl[]s appe>1 & ! fruit =ms4 ,?us f> we conceive ! act ( g]m9ation ext5ds1 provid$ = & assi/$ bo? by ! autumnal & v]nal heats1 & :i*1 9 po9t ( p[]1 are ne>ly equal & uni=m4 ,! heat ( ! sun1 dur+ summ] mon?s1 & if to ?is we add ! m con/ant heat at ! roots ( ! v9e1 reta9$ !re by ! d5sity ( ! e>?2 ^! 7?\gh sup]ior to ! g]m9at+ heat7 produce a l uni=mity = maturat+ ! fruit3 ?us nature1 9 ord] to implant 9 w9es an orig9al ev5 ta/e1 & to facilitate ! f]m5table act1 amid/ ! great v>iety t appe>s to u 9 ! heat ( ! air1 seems1 ^u ! :ole1 to act by /eady & equal motions2 or r1 p]haps1 ?is is ! be/ mann] by :i* we c r$uce to rule2 ! incon/ancy ( ! atmosph]e4 ,i am s5sible ^! facts _h be5 repres5t$ 9 a m natural light1 _h ,i obs]v$ ! degrees ( heat impress$ on ! v9e 9 e season ( ! ye>2 ! diff]5ce ( ! sun's heat1 9 e h\r ( ! day1 a v>iety exce$+ t 9 ! %ade2 t betwe5 night & day2 ! aspect ( ! plant2 ! heat ( ! e>? at its surface1 z well z at ! roots ( ! v9e2 all ^! w\ld h increas$ ! circum/ances to a prodigi\s ext5t2 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps requisite to satisfy philosophic inve/igation1 might1 f _! numb] & v>iety1 h be5 ! means r to induce u to error1 ?an to discov] ! g5]al rules by :i* nature acts4 ,f ! above-relat$ process we are taught1 t nature1 9 =m+ w9es1 is n conf9$ to a c]ta9 fix$ numb] ( degrees1 b admits1 = ?is act1 ( a consid]able latitude1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( :i* ! w9es v>y 9 ta/e & prop]ties2 & t %e affects an equality ( heat 9 ea* p]iod ( vegetation2 f :5ce ! brew] is taught1 if he =m 8 malt-liquors ) f\r ma%es1 z 9 ! autumn & spr+ ! v9e is impress$ ) heats ne>ly uni=m1 s ought 8 two fir/ ma%es to be2 ! ?ird1 9 imitation ( ! high heat ( summ]1 %\ld be mu* hott]1 & ! heat ( 8 la/ ma% ! same ) ?is2 & ?is g5]al rule has be5 f\nd univ]sally true1 = be]s expect$ to pres]ve !mselves s\nd a suffici5t "t2 & admits b ( a proportional v>iation1 :5 few] or m ma%es are employ$1 z ! degrees ( heat d5om9at+ ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! gra91 mu/ be appli$ 9 proportion to ! quantity ( wat] us$ to ea* ma%2 b 9 malt liquors spe$ily to be drank1 or :5 we deviate greatly f ! m p]fect productions ( nature1 we are !n compell$ to sw]ve f h] rules2 a practice nev] pr(itable1 & :i* no?+ b necessity c ju/ify4 ,! nature ( ! soil prop] = ! v9e1 might1 9 ano!r "w1 be a v useful enquiry4 ,x w be suffici5t "h1 b>ely to h9t at ! effect1 :i* lixivial soils produce 9 mu/s4 ,! ,portugueze1 :5 !y discov]$ ! ,isl& ( ,madeira 9 #adbj1 set fire to ! =e/s1 ) :i* x 0 totally cov]$4 ,x cont9u$ to burn = ! space ( sev5 ye>s1 aft] :i* ! l& 0 f\nd extremely fruitful1 & yield+ su* w9es1 z1 at pres5t1 we h f !nce1 ?\gh 9 great] pl5ty4 ,x is v difficult to f9e ^! w9es1 &1 ?\gh ! climate ( ?is isl& is m temp]ate ?an t ( ! ,can>ies1 ! w9es are oblig$ to be c>ri$ to ! ,indies & ! w>m] p>ts ( ! globe1 to be purg$1 %ook1 & att5uat$1 be=e !y c arrive to an equal degree ( f95ess ) o!r w9es2 7 ! ,portugueze acqua9t$ ) :at may be t]m$ ! artificial me?od ( excit+ p]iodical f]m5tation1 mu* or ! :ole ( ?is tr\ble might be avoid$4 ,h5ce we see1 t soils impregnat$ ) alkal9e salts w produce mu/s able to support !mselves long]1 & to resi/ acidity m1 ?an o!r soils1 "u ! same degree ( heat4 ,grapes h ! same con/itu5t p>ts z o!r vegetables4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 z to _! ta/es & prop]ties1 consi/s 9 ! p>ts be+ mix$ 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,?is arises1 ei!r f _! absorb5t vessels m readily attract+ "s juices ?an o!rs1 or f _! prep>+ !m o!rwise1 "u diff]5t heats & 9 diff]5t soils4 ,we f9d1 says ,dr4 ,hales1 by ! *ymical analysis ( vegetables1 t _! sub/ance is compos$ ( sulphur1 volatile salts1 wat]1 & e>?1 :i* pr9ciples are endu$ ) mutual attract+ p[]s4 ,!re ent]s likewise 9 ! composition1 a l>ge portion ( air1 :i* has a wond]ful prop]ty ( attract+ 9 a fix$1 or ( repell+ 9 an ela/ic /ate1 ) a p[] sup]ior to va/ compress+ =ces4 ,x is by ! inf9ite comb9ations1 actions1 & reactions ( ^! pr9ciples1 t all ! op]ations 9 animal & vegetable bodies are effect$4--,bo]haave1 :o is some:at m p>ticul> ) reg>d to ! con/itu5t p>ts ( vegetables1 says1 t !y conta9 an oil mix$ ) a salt 9 =m ( a sapo1 & t a saponace\s juice arises f ! mixture ( wat] ) ! =m]4 ,?us we see1 f ! composition ( grapes1 t !y h all ! necess>y pr9ciples to =m a mo/ exquisite liquor1 capable1 by a g5tle heat1 to be greatly att5uat$4 ,!y ab\nd ) ela/ic air1 wat]1 oils1 acid1 & neutral salts1 & ev5 saponace\s juices4--,! air conta9$ 9 ! int]/ices ( fluids is m 9 quantity ?an is commonly appreh5d$4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton has prov$ t wat] has =ty times m pores ?an solid p>ts2 & ! proportion1 likely1 is n v diff]5t 9 vegetable juices4 ,:5 ! fruit is 9 its natural entire /ate1 ! viscidity ( ! juices1 & _! be+ envelop$ by an outw>d sk91 prev5t ! expansion ( ! inclos$ air2 x lies z x 7 inactive4 ,9 ?is =c$ /ate1 x causes no visible motion1 nor are ! pr9ciples1 ?us conf9$1 ei!r subject$ to any app>5t impressions ( ! ext]nal atmosph]e1 or s intimately bl5d$ z :5 !y are express$4 ,a free communication ( ! ext]nal air1 ) t conta9$ 9 ! int]/ices ( ! liquor1 is requir$ to =m a p]fect mixture4 ,by :at means ?is is effect$1 :at alt]ations x produces1 or1 9 g5]al1 9 :at mann] ! juice ( ! grape becomes w9es1 mu/ be ! subject ( our next inquiry4 ,! process ( a p]fect f]m5tation is und\bt$ly ! same 7:]e ! due proportions ( ! con/itu5t p>ts1 =m+ ! mu/1 are exactly kept7 :atev] vegetable juices x is excit$ 94 ,= ?is reason1 we w obs]ve ! progress ( ?is act 9 be]s & ales1 ^! be+ subjects we are m accu/om$ to1 & :]e ! *>act]s appe> m di/9ct1 9 ord] to apply :at may be le>n$ f !nce to our *ief object1 ! bus9ess ( ! brew]4 ,,section ,,viii4 ,,( ,,f]m5tation ,,9 ,,g5]al4 ,vegetable f]m5tation is t act1 by :i* oils & e>?1 naturally t5aci\s1 by ! int]position ( salts & heats1 are s mu* att5uat$ & divid$1 z to be made miscible )1 & to be susp5d$ 91 an homog5e\s pellucid fluid2 :i*1 by a due proportion ( ! diff]5t pr9ciples1 is pres]v$ f precipitation & evaporation4 ,accord+ to ,bo]haave1 a less heat ?an =ty degrees leaves ! mass 9 an in]t /ate1 & ! p>ticles fall to ! bottom 9 proportion to _! gravity2 a great] heat ?an eighty degrees disp]ses !m too mu*1 & leaves ! residuum a rancid1 acrimoni\s1 putrid mass4 ,x is c]ta9ly v difficult1 if n impossible1 to discov] ! true & adequate cause ( f]m5tation4 ,b1 by trac+ its sev]al /ages1 circum/ances1 & effects1 we may p]haps p]ceive ! ag5ts & means employ$ by nature to produce ?is s+ul> *ange2 a degree ( k1 :i*1 we hope1 is suffici5t to answ] our practical purposes4 ,! mu/1 :5 j press$ f ! grapes1 is a liquid1 compos$ ( neutral & lixivial salts1 oils ( diff]5t spissitude1 wat]1 e>?1 & ela/ic air4 ,^!1 irregul>ly rang$1 if ,i may be p]mitt$ ! expression1 compose a *aos ( w9e4 ,soon aft] ! liquor is settl$1 a numb] ( air bubbles arise1 & at fir/ adh]e to ! sides ( ! conta9+ vessel2 _! magnitude increases z !y augm5t 9 numb]1 s t at la/ !y cov] ! :ole surface ( ! mu/4 ,x has be5 long suspect$1 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 demon/rat$1 t an acid1 ( :i* all o!rs are b s _m diff]5t species1 is univ]sally disp]s$ ?r\gh1 & cont9ually circulat+ 91 ! air2 & t ?is is "o ( nature's pr9cipal ag5ts1 9 maturat+ & resolv+ ( bodies4 ,mu/s1 l o!r bodies1 be+ por\s1 ! circulat+ acids v p[]fully introduce !mselves !re9 by ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e1 9 proportion z ! pores are m or less exp&$ by ! heat !y are expos$ to4 ,! p>ticles ( acids are suppos$ by ,newton to be endu$ ) a great attractive =ce1 9 :i* _! activity consi/s4 ,by ?is =ce1 !y ru% t[>ds o!r bodies1 put ! fluid 9 motion1 excite heat1 & viol5tly sep>ate "s p>ticles 9 su* mann] z to g5]ate or expel air1 & consequ5tly bubbles4 ,f h5ce x appe>s t1 z soon z ! acid p>ticles ( ! air are admitt$ into ! mu/1 !y act on ! oils1 & excite a motion some:at l ! eff]vesc5ce g5]at$1 :5 acids & oils come 9 contact1 ?\gh 9 a less degree4 ,?is motion is ! cause ( heat1 by :i* ! includ$ ela/ic air1 be+ r>efi$1 occasions ! bubbles to asc5d t[>ds ! surface4--,^!1 by ! p[] ( attraction1 are drawn to ! sides ( ! vessel2 at fir/ !y are small & few1 b increase1 bo? 9 numb] & magnitude1 z ! effect ( ! air cont9ues1 till1 at la/1 !y spread ov] ! :ole surface4 ,! fir/ /age ( vegetable f]m5tation %ews itself to be a motion excit$ by ! acids float+ 9 ! air1 act+ on ! ole\s p>ts ( ! liquor1 :i* motion gives an opportunity to ! divid$ m9ute p>ts ( air1 disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole1 to collect !mselves 9 masses3 f h5ce !y become capable to ex]t _! ela/icity1 & to free !mselves f ! mu/4 7,see ,arbu?not on air p4 #aaf47 ,x may1 p]haps1 be prop] to obs]ve1 t all mu/s1 :i* f]m5t spontane\sly1 conta9 = ?is purpose a l>ge portion ( ela/ic air4 ,bubbles /ill cont9ue to rise aft] ! mu/ is entirely cov]$ ) !m2 & a body ( bladd]s is =m$1 call$1 by ! brew]s1 ! head ( ! dr9k2 z ! bubbles increase1 ! head rises 9 height1 b ! oils ( ! mu/1 be+ z yet ( diff]5t spissitudes1 ^? :i* are lea/ t5aci\s soon emit _! air2 o!rs1 some:at /rong]1 be+ r>efi$ by ! f]m5t+ heat1 rise on ! surface high] ?an ! re/1 :ile su* a]ial bubbles z are m d5se1 take _! place bel[ !m4 ,f h5ce1 & f ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! dr9k n be+ z yet intimately mix$1 ! head takes an unev5 & irregul> %ape1 & appe>s l a beautiful piece ( rock "w4 ,aft] ?is1 x requires "s "t1 & x is by degrees1 t ! p>ticles dispose !mselves 9 _! due ord]1 to be f>!r att5uat$ by ! act ( f]m5tation1 :i*1 :5 effect$1 ! sal9e1 oily1 & spirit\s p>ts become p]fectly miscible ) ! wat]4 ,! head ( ! liquor !n is m level2 het]og5e\s bodies1 z dirt1 /raw1 corks1 c4 assi/$ by bubbles ( air adh]+ to !m1 are n[ buoy$ on ! surface1 & %\ld be skimm$ (f1 le/1 :5 ! liquor becomes m light & spirit\s1 !y %\ld subside4 ,ab\t ?is "t1 su* p>ts ( ! mu/ z are too c\rse to be absorb$ 9 ! w9e 7z !y consi/ *iefly ( p+ui\s oils1 mix$ ) e>?1 ?\gh !y /rongly envelope mu* ela/ic air7 f _! weight1 s9k to ! bottom1 & =m ! lees4 ,b ! int]nal motion increas+1 ! air bubbles gr[ l>g]2 "s1 n =m$ ( p>ts s /rong z ! o!rs1 :i* g5]ally are ! fir/1 bur/ & /r5g!n ! re/2 & !reby a heat is reta9$ 9 ! f]m5t+ liquor1 :i* c>ries ! act on to a f>!r degree4 ,! p>ticles ( ! mu/ become m pung5t & spirit\s1 because m f9e & m active2 "s ( ! mo/ volatile ones fly (f2 h5ce1 t subtle & dang]\s vapor1 call$ gas1 :i* ext+ui%es flame & suffocates animals4 ,! w9e1 by ^! repeat$ acts1 be+ greatly att5uat$1 is at la/ unable to support1 on its surface1 ! weight ( su* a quantity ( fro?1 r5d]$ m d5se by ! repeat$ explosions ( ! air bubbles4 ,n[1 le/ ! liquor %\ld be f\l$ by ! fall+ 9 ( ! fro?1 x is put 9 vessels hav+ only a small ap]ture1 :]e x cont9ues to f]m5t1 ) a sl[] & less p]ceptible motion1 :i* gradually dim9i%+ until x rea*es ! p]iod :5 x nei!r attracts or repels air1 x admits ( its communication ) x to be cut (f2 n t !reby1 9 a /rict s5se1 ! f]m5tation c be said to be completely end$3 ! lea/ heat is suffici5t to r5ew1 or r to cont9ue ! act1 m especially if by any means ! atmosph]e c ga9 any admittance1 h[ev] small4 ,! alt]ation caus$ 9 ! liquor1 by ! pressure ( ! ext]nal air1 f ! v fir/ ( its f]m5t+1 n only occasions ! p>ticles ( ! mu/ to =m !mselves 9 _! due ord]1 b also1 by ! weight & action ( t elem5t1 gr9ds & r$uces !m into small] p>ts4 ,f h5ce !y m intimately bl5d ) ea* o!r1 ! w9e becomes ( an equal & ev5 ta/e1 & if ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! mu/ be 9 a p]fect proportion1 x w cont9ue to f]m5t1 until1 ^! be+ dispos$ & rang$ 9 "r l9es1 a f9e & pellucid fluid is produc$4 ,t ?is op]ation subsi/s1 ev5 aft] ! liquor becomes f9e1 is evid5t2 = e frett+ is a cont9uance ( f]m5tation1 ?\gh (t5 almo/ imp]ceptible4 ,?us1 ! compon5t p>ts ( ! liquor are cont9ually r$uc$ to a less volume1 ! oils become m att5uat$1 & less capable ( reta9+ ela/ic air4 ,z ^! frett+s are (t5 repeat$1 x is impossible to det]m9e1 by any rule1 ! exact /ate 9 :i* w9e %\ld be1 9 ord] to be p]fect = use4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t ! m m9utely ! p>ts are r$uc$1 ! m _! pung5cy w appe>1 & ! easi] _! passage be 9 ! human frame4 ,bo? w9es & be]s1 :5 new1 possess m ela/ic air1 ?an :5 meliorat$ by age2 to be :olesome1 !y mu/ be possess$ ( ! :ole ( ! f]m5table pr9ciples4 ,= ^! reasons1 be]s & ales1 :5 sub/itut$ = w9es 9 common1 & m especially :5 giv5 to ! sick1 %\ld always be brew$ f entire malt3 = ! la/ extracts1 possess+ b ! inf]ior virtues ( ! gra91 h by s mu* less ! p[] to become light1 spirit\s1 & transp>5t4 ,w9es nev] totally rema9 inactive2 f]m5tation 9 "s degree cont9ues1 & 9 "t ! oils1 by be+ greatly att5uat$1 volatilise1 fly (f1 & p]mit a readi] admission ( ! ext]nal air into ! dr9k4 ,9 proportion z ?is circum/ance takes place1 ! lat5t acids ( ! liquor %ew !mselves1 ! w9e becomes s\r1 & 9 ?is /ate is t]m$ v9eg>4 ,its la/ /age or t]m9ation is1 :5 ! rema9+ active pr9ciples1 :i* ! v9eg> possess$1 be+ evaporat$ 9 ! air1 a pellicle =ms itself on ! surface ( ! liquor1 & du/ & se$s1 :i* always float 9 ! atmosph]e1 deposit+ !mselves !reon1 /r5g!n ?is film into a cru/1 on :i* gr[s moss1 & _m o!r small plants4 ,^! vegetables1 toge!r ) ! air1 exhau/ ! wat]y p>ts2 aft] :i* no signs ( f]m5table pr9ciples rema9 b1 l ! re/ ( creat$ be+s1 all _! virtues be+ lo/1 :at is left is a sub/ance resembl+ common e>?4 ,^u ! :ole1 !n1 x appe>s1 t a liquor fit = f]m5tation mu/ be compos$ ( wat]1 acids smoo!d ov] ) oils1 or sac*>9e salts1 & a c]ta9 portion ( ela/ic air2 ! heat ( ! air ! liquor is f]m5t$ 91 mu/ be 9 proportion to ! d5sity ( its oils2 & la/ly1 t ! pores are to be exp&$ by sl[ degrees1 le/ ! air1 by be+ admitt$ too ha/ily1 %\ld cause an eff]vesc5ce r ?an a f]m5tation1 & occasion ! :ole to become s\r4 ,w9es1 !re=e1 f]m5t$ 9 c\ntries :]e ! autumn is hot1 require _! oils to be m p+ui\s1 ?an :]e ! season is cool]4 ,= ! same reason be]s are be/ made1 :5 ! air is at =ty degrees ( heat1 or bel[ ! fir/ f]m5table po9t1 because ! brew]1 9 ?is case1 c put 8 wort to "w1 at a heat ( 8 own *us+1 :i* w n be increas$ by t ( ! air2 on ! contr>y1 :51 by its int]nal motion1 ! heat becomes great]1 x w aga9 be abat$ & regulat$ by ! cold ( ! m$ium4 ,! pores ( a wort are exp&$ 9 proportion to ! heat x is impress$ )2 on :i* acc\nt common small be]1 brew$ 9 summ]1 :5 ! air & acids m easily ins9uate !mselves into ! liquor1 ought to be enri*$ ) oils obta9$ by hott] extracts1 to %ea? ^! salts2 & 9 w9t] ! contr>y me?od mu/ be pursu$4 ,f ?is hi/ory ( f]m5tation1 we c1 ) propriety1 acc\nt = ! _m accid5ts & v>ieties t accompany ?is act2 & a comp>ative review ( "s ( !m may n be unnecess>y4 ,a cold air1 clos+ ! pores ( ! liquor1 always ret>ds1 & sometimes /ops1 f]m5tation2 heat1 on ! contr>y1 con/antly =w>ds ?is act2 b1 if c>ri$ too high1 imm$iately prev5ts x4 ,a mu/1 load$ ) oils1 w f]m5t ) m difficulty ?an "o :i* ab\nds ) acids2 x likewise is long] be=e x becomes p]fectly f9e2 b1 :5 once s1 w be m la/+4 ,if ! quantities ( oil are increas$1 !y w exce$ ! p[] bo? ( ! acids naturally conta9$ 9 ! mu/1 & ( ^? absorb$ f ! air 9 f]m5t+2 ! liquor w !re=e require a long] "t be=e x becomes pellucid1 unless assi/$ by precipitation3 & !re may be cases :]e ev5 precipitation _c f9e x4 ,^! consid]ations naturally lead u to a g5]al division ( w9es into ?ree classes3 ,fir/1 ( su* z soon gr[ f9e1 & soon become acid1 be+ ! gr[? ( cold c\ntries4 ,secondly1 ( ^? :i*1 by a due proportion ( heat1 bo? :5 ! grapes g]m9ate1 & :5 !y come to maturity1 =m a p]fect mu/2 & n only pres]ve !mselves1 b1 9 due "t1 7m especially :5 assi/$ by precipitation17 become transp>5t2 &1 ?irdly1 ( su* z1 hav+ tak5 _! fir/ =m "u ! highe/ degrees ( g]m9ation1 7z ,i t]m$ !m7 are replete ) oils1 disappo9t ! coop]1 & r5d] ! application ( m5/ruums useless1 unless 9 su* quantities z to *ange ! v nature ( ! w9e4 ,?is rem>kable diff]5ce 9 w9es appe>s *iefly to arise f ! climate2 & x w confirm ! obs]vation be=e made1 t1 z w9es are nei!r naturally nor uni=mly p]fect1 !y mu/ be subject to _m diseases4 ,all vegetable sub/ances possess f]m5table pr9ciples1 ?\gh 9 a div]sity ( proportions2 = ^? juices only1 ^: con/itu5t p>ts approa* to ! proportion necess>y = ! act ( f]m5tation1 c be made into w9es4 ,i w\ld n1 h[ev]1 f :at ,i h attribut$ to a diff]5ce ( heat 9 diff]5t climates1 be und]/ood1 z if ,i ?\ght t vegetables are m or less acid1 m or less sulphure\s1 or 9 g5]al m or less f]m5table1 m]ely f ! heat ( ! c\ntry !y gr[ 94 ,?is1 ?\gh likely "o ( ! pr9cipal causes ( _! be+ s1 is by no means ! only "o2 ! =m & con/itution ( ! plant is ano!r4 ,9 v hot climates1 we f9d acid fruits1 su* z limes1 tam>9ds1 lemons1 & oranges2 ! proportions ( f]m5table pr9ciples 9 ^! fruits are su*1 z to r5d] !m incapable ( mak+ s\nd w9es1 ?\gh _! juices may1 9 "s degree1 be susceptible ( f]m5tation4 ,9 c\ntries greatly favor$ by ! sun1 "s v9es & o!r fruit trees !re are1 :i* attract ! acids f ! air1 & possibly f ! e>?1 s gre$ily1 t1 :5 _! juices are f]m5t$1 !y soon become s\r4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 cold climates1 we see w>m aromatic vegetables gr[1 z hops1 horse-raddi%1 camomile1 wormwood1 c4 ^: pr9ciples _c1 )\t difficulty1 & p]haps n p]ceptibly1 be br\ght to f]m5t4 ,b ^! in/ances mu/ be acc\nt$ ! extremes on ea* sides2 = 9 cold1 z well z 9 hot c\ntries1 fruits are produc$ susceptible ( a p]fect natural f]m5tation3 ) u1 = example1 apples2 "s species ( :i* are endu$ ) su* au/]e & aromatic qualities1 t _! express$ juices f]m5t spontane\sly1 until !y become pellucid1 & are capable ( rema9+ 9 a s\nd /ate _m ye>s4 ,f h5ce x appe>s1 t prop] subjects1 :i* w naturally f]m5t1 = mak+ w9es1 may be f\nd 9 almo/ e climate4 ,engl&1 says ,bo]haave1 on ?is acc\nt1 is rem>kably happy3 h] fruits are capable ( produc+ a great v>iety ( w9es1 equal 9 goodness to _m import$1 7 n our ta/es b too (t5 subs]vi5t1 n to reason1 b to cu/om & prejudice4 ,a simil> want ( p]fection to t obs]v$ 9 w9es1 may be notic$ 9 our be]s & ales1 & x *iefly has its orig9 9 ! diff]5t degrees ( heat ! malt has be5 impress$ )1 bo? 9 dry+ & extract+2 :]e1 9 ! processes ( malt+ & brew+1 a suffici5t heat has n be5 ma9ta9$1 ! liquor und\bt$ly mu/ become acid2 9 proportion z ! contr>y is ! case1 or t ! be] is ov]*>g$ ) hops1 if ?is is 9 no great excess1 x reta9s /ill a great] t5d5cy to f]m5tation ?an to putrefaction1 acids n be+ want+1 b only envelop$4 ,9 ?is case1 "t w get ! bett] ( ! disease2 l to ! w9es made f ! gr[? ( too hot a sun1 ^! liquors1 at a c]ta9 p]iod1 sick51 smell rancid1 & h a disagreeable ta/e1 b1 by long /&+1 !y beg9 to fret1 &1 receiv+ m acids f ! air1 recov] _! =m] heal?1 & improve 9 ta/e4 ,b %\ld ! quantity ( oils exce$ ?is la/ proportion1 9 w9es =m$ f corn1 ! mu/1 in/ead ( f]m5t+1 w\ld putrify1 ev5 ?\gh1 by "s means1 ela/ic air has be5 driv5 into !m4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ov] proportion ( ! oil1 & its t5acity1 prev5ts ! entrance ( ! acids1 ! wort receives no enliv5+ pr9ciple f )\t1 & ! air1 at fir/ convey$ into x1 is envelop$ ) oils s t5aci\s z to be incapable ( action4 ,no?+ s mu* accel]ates putrefaction z heat1 moi/ure1 & a /agnat+ air2 & all sub/ances corrupt1 soon] or lat]1 9 proportion to ! inactivity ( ! conta9$ air1 to ! want ( a prop] v5t1 & to ! clos5ess ( _! conf9em5t4 ,besides ^! cases1 be]s & ales1 z well z w9es1 sometimes are vapid & flat1 )\t be+ s\r2 ?is does n s mu* arise f ! imbib+ ! air ( ! atmosph]e1 z f _! f]m5t+1 g5]at+ & ca/+ (f too mu* air ( _! own4 ,to prev5t ?is accid5t1 !y are be/ pres]v$ 9 cool cell>s1 :]e _! active invigorat+ pr9ciples are kept )9 due b\nds1 & n suff]$ to fly (f4 ,^! facts ought to conv9ce u ( ! tru?1 d$uc$ by ,dr4 ,hales1 f _m exp]im5ts1 t !re is a great pl5ty ( air incorporat$ 9 ! sub/ance ( vegetables1 :i*1 by ! action ( f]m5tation1 is r\s$ into an ela/ic /ate1 & is z in/rum5tal to produce ?is act1 z x is necess>y to ! life & be+ ( animals4 ,i %\ld "h close ?is %ort & imp]fect acc\nt2 b z1 9 ! art ( brew+1 !re is no "p s difficult1 & at ! same "t s important to be 9 "s measure und]/ood1 z ! cause & effects ( f]m5tation2 & z ! exam9ation ( ?is act1 9 all ! diff]5t lights 9 :i* x (f]s itself to our notice1 c h>dly be ?\ght un9t]e/+1 ^! few deta*$ ?\ghts ,i hope w be all[$ (4 ,! effect ( ! act ( f]m5tation on liquors is1 s to att5uate ! oils2 z to cause !m to become spirit\s1 & easily inflammable4 ,:5 a w9e is dispossess$ ( su* oils1 :i* is ne>ly ! case 9 v9eg>1 f> f possess+ a heat+ or inebriat+ quality1 x refre%es & becomes a rem$y aga9/ intoxication4 ,! t]m ( f]m5tation ought1 p]haps1 only to be appli$ to t op]ation :i* occasions ! express$ juices ( vegetables to become w9e3 b z sev]al acts h assum$ ! same "n1 x may n be improp] "h to notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,vegetation1 "o ( !m1 is t op]ation ( nature :]e9 m air is attract$ ?an repell$4 ,i believe all t has be5 said above1 conc]n+ ! juice ( grapes1 is a conv9c+ pro( !re(4 ,f]m5tation is1 :]e ! communication ( ! ext]nal & int]nal air ( a mu/ is op51 & 9 a p]fect /ate2 :5 ! p[] ( repell+1 is equal to t ( attract+1 air4 ,putrefaction is :51 by ! p[] ( /rong oils1 or o!rwise1 ! communication betwe5 ! ext]nal & ! int]nal air ( ! mu/ is cut (f1 s t ! liquor nei!r attracts ! "o nor repels ! o!r1 b1 by an inte/9e motion1 ! unit$ p>ticles sep>ate & t5d to fly (f4 ,eff]vesc5ce is :51 by ! p[] ( attraction1 ! p>ticles ( matt] s ha/ily ru% into contact1 z to g5]ate a heat :i* expels ! enclos$ air2 & ?is m or less 9 proportion to ! motion excit$4 ,,section ,,ix4 ,,( ,,artificial ,,f]m5tation4 ,by :at has be5 said1 x appe>s1 t1 ?\gh f]m5tation is br\ght on by uni=m causes1 & productive ( simil> effects1 x is subject to _m v>ieties1 bo? 9 respect to its circum/ances & to its p]fection4 ,"o diff]5ce is obvi\s1 & seems to des]ve our att5tion1 z x furni%es a useful division betwe5 natural & artificial f]m5tation4 ,! fir/ rises spontane\sly1 & requires no?+ to answ] all ! necess>y purposes1 b ! p]fection ( ! juices1 & ! advantage ( a prop] heat4 ,! o!r1 at fir/ sight less p]fect1 wants ! assi/ance ( f]m5ts1 or sub/itutes1 )\t :i* ! act c\ld1 ei!r n at all1 or v imp]fectly1 be excit$4 ,!re are und\bt$ly liquors1 :i*1 ?\gh !y h ( !mselves a t5d5cy to f]m5tation1 & are naturally br\ght to x1 yet1 f "s defect 9 ! proportions ( _! con/itu5t p>ts1 ei!r d n acquire a prop] transp>5cy1 or _c ma9ta9 !mselves 9 a s\nd /ate = a suffici5t "t4 ,^! disadvantages1 inbr$ ) !m1 c h>dly ev] be entirely remov$2 !y ga9 v little1 especially ! latt]1 f age1 & !re=e are really inf]ior to liquors1 :i* require ! assi/ance ( sub/itut$ f]m5ts1 to become real w9es4 ,9 "s artificial f]m5tations1 ! f]m5ts are s duly & prop]ly suppli$1 & s intimately bl5d$ ) ! liquor1 t 9 ! end !y approa* v ne> to1 & ev5 vie )1 ! mo/ p]fect natural w9es4 ,7 ,i to ent] into a m m9ute detail1 x might be %ewn1 t w9es1 :5 transport$ f a hot climate to a cold "o1 are (t5 hurt & *eck$ 9 ! progress ( ! repeat$ frett+s !y require2 f :5ce !y become or rema9 imp]fect1 unless rack$ (f f _! gross] lees1 or precipitat$ ) /rong m5/ruums2 :]eas be]s may be s brew$1 z to be adapt$ ei!r to a hot or a cold region1 n only )\t any disadvantage1 b ) consid]able improvem5ts4 ,hi!rto ,i h consid]$ grapes z a mo/ pulp\s fruit1 suffici5t to furni% ! quantity ( wat] necess>y = extract+ its o!r p>ts2 b ! natives ( ! c\ntries :]e ?is fruit ab\nds1 9 ord] to pres]ve !m1 z ne> z possible 9 _! primitive /ate1 aft] !y are ga!r$1 susp5d !m 9 b>ns1 or place !m 9 ov5s1 to dry4 ,?us1 be+ 9 great measure dive/$ ( _! aque\s p>ts1 ^! grapes rema9 almo/ inactive1 & )\t juices suffici5t to =m w9es4 ,9 all bodies1 ! v>i\s proportions ( _! con/itu5t p>ts produce diff]5t effects2 h5ce !y rema9 m or less 9 a durable /ate1 & t5d ei!r to inaction1 f]m5tation1 or putrefaction4 ,n[1 by a judici\s sub/itution ( su* p>ts z %all be want+1 !y are ne>ly1 if n :olly1 re/or$ to _! pri/9e nature1 z may be prov$ by ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts communicat$ to ! public by ,dr4 ,pr+le4 ,?us grapes1 ?\gh dri$ & export$ f _! natural climate to ano!r1 by ! addition ( wat] only1 f]m5t spontane\sly1 & =m w9es v ne> alike to su* z !y w\ld h produc$ be=e4 ,x may1 ) confid5ce1 be said1 t1 :5 any consid]able diff]5ce appe>s1 x arises f ! injudici\s mann] 9 :i* ! wat] is adm9i/]$1 f ! fruit n be+ duly mac]at$1 or f want ( su* heat be+ convey$ to ! wat] & fruit1 z ! juices w\ld h _h1 if !y _h be5 express$ out ( ! grapes :5 j ga!r$2 (t5 f ! :imsical mixture ( o!r bodies !re)1 & p]haps too f ! quantity ( br&y1 :i* is always put to w9es abroad1 to prev5t _! frett+ on bo>d a %ip4 ,^u ! :ole1 ?\gh1 f :at j n[ has be5 obs]v$1 "s small diff]5ce mu/ take place1 x r proves ?an contradicts ! fact1 t1 a due quantity ( wat] be+ appli$ to dry rais9s1 an extract may be =m$1 :i* w be impregnat$ ) all ! necess>y con/itu5t p>ts ! grapes _h 9 !m :5 ripe ^u ! v9e1 consequ5tly w spontane\sly f]m5t1 & make a v9\s liquor4 ,wat] !n1 9 ?is case1 becomes a sub/itute1 & ! liquors produc$ 9 ?is mann] may be acc\nt$ ( ! fir/ class ( artificial w9es4 ,vegetables1 9 _! orig9al /ate1 are divisible into ! pulp\s & f>9ace\s k9ds1 bo? possess+ ! same con/itu5t p>ts1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t proportions4 ,if f ! f>9ace\s su* p>ts be tak5 away z !y sup]ab\nd 91 & o!rs be add$1 ( :i* !y are defective1 ^! vegetables may1 by su* means1 be br\ght to resemble1 9 ! proportion ( _! p>ts1 m especially 9 _! mu/s1 ! natural w9es ,i h be=e be5 treat+ (3 & ^! be+ univ]sally ackn[l$g$ to be ! /&>d ( w9es1 ! ne>] any f]m5t$ liquor approa*es !reto1 by its lightness1 transp>5cy1 & ta/e1 ! great] mu/ its p]fection be4 ,to enquire :i* ( ! pulp\s or :i* ( ! f>9ace\s k9ds ( vegetables are fitte/ = ! purpose ( w9e-mak+1 w\ld "h be an unnecess>y digression4 ,exp]i5ce1 ! be/ guide1 ha?1 on ! "o side1 giv5 ! pref]5ce to ! fruit ( ! v9e1 & on ! o!r to b>ley4 ,to make a v9\s liquor f b>ley1 hav+ all ! prop]ties ( t produc$ f ! grape1 is a task1 :i* c only be compass$ by r5d]+ ! wort ( ^!1 simil> to ! mu/ ( ! o!r4 ,z malt liquors require ! addition ( o!r sub/itutes1 besides wat]1 to1 become p]fect w9es1 !y c only be rank$ 9 ! second class ( artificial f]m5tation4 ,^! sub/itutes are prop]ly call$ f]m5ts1 & m]it ! brew]'s close/ att5tion4 ,f]m5ts1 9 g5]al1 su* z yea/1 fl[]s or lees ( w9e1 honey1 ! express$ juices ( ripe fruits1 are subjects m or less replete ) ela/ic air1 & convey ! same to mu/s1 :i* /& 9 ne$ !re(4 ,bo]haave has rang$ ^!1 & sev]al o!rs1 9 diff]5t classes1 accord+ to _! diff]5t p[]s1 or r 9 proportion to ! quantity ( air !y conta9 = ?is purpose4 ,! juice ( ! grape1 :5 f]m5t$1 =ms m lees ?an ! extracts ( malt4 ,may we n1 f !nce1 inf] t1 9 ! fruit1 ! ela/ic air is bo? m abundant1 & conta9$ 9 a great] numb] ( /rong]1 ?\gh small]1 vesicles1 ?an x is 9 ! malt8 ,! b>ley1 be+ fir/ saturat$ ) wat]1 g]m9at$ only1 & !n dri$ ) a heat f> exce$+ t :i* rip5$ x1 or t :i* f]m5tation admits (1 has its air 9 "p driv5 out4 ,! expulsion ( air f ! worts ( be]s & ales is /ill f>!r effect$ by ! long boil+ !y und]go4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( replac+ ! lo/ ela/ic air1 9 ord] t ^! extracts may become f]m5table4 ,?is is effect$ by means ( ! yea/1 :i*1 consi/+ ( a collection ( small bubbles1 fill$ ) air1 & ready to bur/ by a suffici5t heat1 becomes ! f]m5t1 :i* facilitates ! *ange ( ! wort into a v9\s liquor4 ,! mu/s ( malt g5]ally produce two gallons ( yea/ f eight bu%els ( ! gra91 :]eas1 9 ! colde/ f]m5table wea!r1 & = ! spe$ie/ purpose1 "o gallon ( yea/ is suffici5t to "w ?is quantity ( malt4 ,mu* ela/ic air /ill rema9s 9 be]1 or w9e f corn1 aft] ! fir/ "p ( ! f]m5tation is ov]2 = ! liquor1 sep>at$ f ! yea/ above m5tion$1 is1 at ! "t ( ?is sep>ation1 nei!r flat1 vapid1 nor s\r2 b z yea/1 ! lees & fl[]s ( malt liquors are ( a weak] texture ?an ^? ( grapes1 all artificial f]m5tations %\ld be c>ri$ on 9 ! coole/ & sl[e/ mann] possible3 & be]s1 b m especially su* z are brew$ f high-dri$1 br[n malts1 7! heat ( ^: extracts approa*es mu* ne>] to t :i* dri$ ! gra91 ?an is ! case 9 brew+ pale malt7 ought n to be rack$ f _! lees1 z x is frequ5tly practis$ = natural w9es1 unless1 on acc\nt ( "s defect1 !y are to be bl5d$ ) fre% worts "u a new f]m5tation4 ,z all f]m5ts are liable to be ta9t$1 great c>e ought to be tak5 9 ! *oice ( !m1 e imp]fection 9 ! f]m5t be+ readily communicat$ to ! mu/4 ,x w\ld n1 !re=e1 be an improp] "q to be det]m9$ by physicians1 :e!r1 9 a "t ( sickness1 ! use ( ^? :i* h be5 made 9 infect$ places ought to be p]mitt$1 & :e!r1 at all times1 a dr9k f]m5t$ 9 a pure & :olesome air is n pref]able to t :i* is made among fogs1 smoke1 & nause\s /5*es4#g ,w9es f corn are di/+ui%$ by two appellations1 viz41 ^? ( ale & be]4 ,z ea* ( ^! liquors h suff]$ 9 "*1 ei!r f prejudice or want ( a suffici5t enquiry1 x may be prop] to levy ! objections made aga9/ _! use1 be=e we enquire into ! means ( =m+ !m4 ,! mo/ c]ta9 sign ( ! :olesom5ess ( w9es is transp>5cy & lightness2 yet "s1 :i* are ri*1 m especially ales1 ?\gh p]fectly f9e1 h be5 said to be viscid4--,transp>5cy appe>s inde$ 9 _m w9es1 be=e ! oils are att5uat$ to _! highe/ p]fection1 & "s viscidity may !re=e be consi/5t ) "s degree ( brightness4 ,:]e ! p[] ( ! oils & ! salts are equal1 :i* is d5ot$ by ! transp>5cy ( ! liquor1 viscidity c only arise f ! want ( age3 ?is _c be said to be a defect 91 b only misapplication ( ! liquor1 by be+ us$ too soon4 ,t be]s reta9 igne\s or fi]y p>ticles1 seems equally a mi/ake4 ,malt dri$ to keep1 has und\bt$ly its p>ticles remov$ by fire1 s f> z ! cohesion ( !m is !reby de/roy$1 o!rwise x w\ld n be 9 a fit /ate to pres]ve itself s\nd1 or readily to be extract$4 ,= ?is reason1 :5 ! gra9 comes 9 contact ) ! wat]1 :i* is to resolve x1 an eff]vesc5t heat is g5]at$1 :i* adds to ! extract+ p[]1 & %\ld be look$ on by ! brew] z an auxili>y help2 b x is impossible t ! malt1 or ! mu/1 %\ld ev] inclose & conf9e ! :ole or "p ( fire employ$ to =m !m4 ,fire is ( s subtile a nature1 t its p>ticles1 :5 conta9$ 9 a body1 cont9ually t5d to fly (f1 & mix ) ! surr\nd+ air2 s t only an equal degree1 ) :at is 9 ! atmosph]e1 c be cont9u$ 9 ! gra91 or any liquor :atev]1 aft] x has be51 = "s "t1 expos$ !reto4--,br[n be]s1 made f malt m dri$ ?an any o!r1 f exp]i5ce1 are f\nd to be less heat+ ?an liquors brew$ f pale malt2 :i* probably arises f h5ce1 t br[n be]s conta9 a less quantity ( ela/ic air ?an pale be]s1 z pale malt liquors conta9 less ?an w9es1 produc$ f vegetables 9 _! natural /ate3 & z malt liquors conta9 _! ela/ic air 9 bubbles ( a weak] consi/5ce ?an ^? made f ! juices ( ! grape1 ! effect ( be]1 :5 tak5 9 an ov]-abundant quantity1 is nei!r ( s long a cont9uance1 nor s p[]ful z t ( w9e1 suppos+ ! quality & quantity ( ea* to be equal4 ,?is may appe> to "s p]sons to be ! effect ( prejudice1 yet x is b a ju/ice due to ! produce ( my c\ntry1 to add1 t "s physicians h giv5 x z _! op9ion1 t /rong dr9ks f malt are less p]nici\s ?an ^? produc$ f grapes4 ,z f> z ^! g5tlem5 h1 ,i hope ,i may advance1 )\t be+ ?\ght guilty ( assum+ too mu*1 or c\nt5anc+ debau*1 by po9t+ out ! w9es t occasion ! fewe/ disord]s4 ,,section ,x4 ,,( ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,b>ley4 ,b>ley is a spicat$1 oblong1 v5tricose se$1 po9t$ at ea* end1 & m>k$ ) a longitud9al furr[4 ,! ess5tial con/itution ( ! p>ts1 9 all plants1 says ,dr4 ,grew1 is ! same3 ?us ?is se$1 l ^? :i* h lobes1 is furni%$ ) radical vessels1 :i*1 hav+ a correspond5ce ) ! :ole body ( ! corn1 are always ready1 :5 moi/5$1 to adm9i/] support to ! plume ( ! embryo1 usually call$ ! acrospire4 ,^! radical vessels1 at fir/1 receive _! n\ri%m5t f a great numb] ( gl&ules disp]s$ almo/ e :]e 9 ! gra91 ^: pulp\s p>ts /ra9 & ref9e ?is food1 s z to fit x to ent] ! capill>y tubes2 & su* an abundant provision is made = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! infant plant1 t ! same au?or says1 ^! gl&ules take up m ?an n9e t5?s ( ! se$4 ,b>ley is s[n ab\t ,m>*1 soon] or lat]1 accord+ to ! season or soil t is to receive x1 & g5]ally h\s$ f t5 to tw5ty weeks aft]4 ,mo/ plants1 :i* s ha/ily p]=m ! (fice ( vegetation1 are rem>kable = hav+ _! vessels proportionably l>g]2 & t ^! may be ?us =m$1 ! se$ mu/ conta9 a great] quantity ( t5aci\s oils1 9 proportion to ^? se$s1 ^: vessels be+ small]1 require m "t to p]=m _! gr[? & come to maturity4 ,?is gra91 z may be obs]v$1 gr[s & rip5s ) ! l[] degrees ( natural heat2 f :5ce1 & f ! l>g5ess ( ! size ( its absorb5t vessels1 x mu/ receive a great portion ( acid p>ts4 ,x is said to be viscid1 ?\gh1 at ! same "t1 a great cool]1 wat] boil$ ) x be+ (t5 drunk z su*2 &1 h[ev] x be prep>$1 x nev] heats ! body :5 unf]m5t$4 ,f ^! circum/ances1 ( its be+ visc\s & replete ) acids1 x w\ld at fir/ appe> to be a mo/ unfit vegetable1 f :i* v9\s liquors1 to be long kept1 %\ld be made2 &1 inde$1 ! extracts f x1 9 its orig9al /ate1 are n only clammy1 b soon become s\r4 ,:5 ! gra9 is at full maturity1 its con/itu5t p>ts seem to be diff]5tly dispos$ ?an :5 9 a /ate ( vegetation4 ,by g]m9ation alone all its pr9ciples are put 9 action2 ! fibr\s p>ts possess !mselves ( a great quantity ( t5aci\s oils1 leav+ ! gl&ules & f9] vessels replete ) wat]1 salts1 & ! pure/ sulphur4 ,if1 9 ?is /ate1 ! corn is plac$ 9 su* a situation1 t1 by heat1 ! acid & wat]y p>ts may be evaporat$1 ! m su* heat is suff]$ to affect x1 ! m dry1 & less acid1 w ! corn become2 its p>ts w be divid$--its viscidity remov$2 its ta/e becomes sac*>9e1 by ! acids be+ %ea!d or cov]$ ov] ) oils2 & ^! la/ be r5d]$ m t5aci\s 9 proportion to ! great] quantity ( heat !y are made to endure4 ,?is process1 regul>ly c>ri$ on1 is t]m$ malt+1 & w h]eaft] be expla9$ m at l>ge4 ,b1 be=e we ent] !reon1 x is necess>y to consid] ! /ate ( ! gra9 z x comes f ! field4--,:5 m[$1 ?\gh1 ^u ! :ole1 x may be said to be ripe1 yet e individual "p1 or e corn1 _c be s4 ,9 "s seasons1 ?is inequality is s rem>kable1 z to be di/+ui%$ by ! eye4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! situation1 ! soil1 & ! wea!r1 ! *anges ( ! w9ds1 ! %elt] "s p>ts ( ! field h _h f su* w9ds1 are suffici5t to acc\nt = ?is1 & a mu* great] v>iety4 ,:5 ! great] "p ( ! corn is suppos$ to h come to maturity1 x is cut & /ack$2 ! ripe/ p>ts hav+ ! lea/ moi/ure1 & ! fewe/ acids1 z ! gre5e/ ab\nd 9 bo?4 ,9 ?is /ate ! unripe gra9s ( ! corn communicate1 to su* z are m dry1 _! moi/ure & acid p>ts1 :i*1 com+ 9 contact ) _! oils1 an agitation ensues1 m or less g5tle1 9 proportion to ! p[] ( ! acids & wat]2 & f h5ce is g5]at$ a heat1 ! degree :]e( is ) difficulty det]m9$4 ,:5 ?is sweat+ 9 ! m[ is kept )9 its prop] limits1 ! :ole heap ( ! corn1 aft] ?is int]nal emotion is ov]1 becomes ( "o equable dryness1 & is n discol\r$2 b if ! gra9 be put toge!r too wet or too gre51 ! eff]vesc5ce occasion$ !reby w produce su* a viol5t inte/9e heat1 z to *>r & black5 ! greate/ "p !re(1 nay (t5 make x bur/ into actual flame4 ,! effect :i* a mod]ate & g5tle heat has on ! corn1 is t ( driv+ ! oils t[>ds ! ext]nal p>ts ( its vessels & sk93 by ?is means1 x becomes m capable to pres]ve itself aga9/ ! injuries ( ! wea!r4 ,! m x is 9 ?is /ate1 ! backw>d] w x be to g]m9ate1 :5 us$ to ?is purpose2 & if ?is act is c>ri$ too f>1 or to some:at l :at we h j n[ m5tion$1 ! plume & root ( ! enclos$ embryo mu/ be scor*$1 ! corn become in]t1 & incapable ( vegetation4 ,?is effect is produc$ by a motion suffici5t to remove ! p>ticles ( ! gra9 f ea* o!r beyond _! sph]e ( attraction2 & ! heat1 by :i* ?is motion is excit$1 has be5 f\nd1 9 malt$ corn1 to be at ab\t #abj degrees4 ,x is likely1 t vegetables1 9 g5]al1 are susceptible ( a l>ge latitude 9 ?is respect1 accord+ to _! diff]5t textures4 ,! degree ( heat j n[ m5tion$ may1 p]haps1 be applicable to b>ley alone2 ! se$s ( "s grapes endure #abf degrees ( heat1 & may be capable ( be+ impress$ ) m1 & yet vegetate4 ,b1 ) corn1 if _! oils h endur$ s great a heat1 z !reby to be discolor$1 ! se$ c by no means be reviv$4 ,! color ( ! gra9 prop]ly indicates ! heal?y /ate ( ! embryo1 or future plant2 b ?is1 m imm$iately1 is ! bus9ess ( ! f>m] & malt/]1 ?an t ( ! brew]4 ,?us1 ?\gh x may be disadvantage\s to ! malt/] to /eep gra9 :i* has n sweat$ 9 ! m[1 z1 = want ( ?is1 x w n equally imbibe ! wat]2 s b>ley1 t is ov]-heat$1 or m[ burnt1 _c be fit = 8 purpose4 ,x is1 9 fact1 sc>cely possible t any l>ge quantity ( b>ley1 f ! same /ack1 %\ld make equally p]fect malt1 z1 on its be+ put toge!r1 ! heat g5]at$ is always greate/ 9 ! c5tre ( ! rick1 & consid]ably m !re ?an 9 its ext]ior p>ts4 ,,section ,,xi4 ,,( ,,malt+4 ,?is process is int5d$ to furni% prop] means1 = sett+ ! con/itu5t pr9ciples ( ! gra9 9 motion3 s t ! oils1 :i* be=e s]v$ to def5d ! sev]al p>ts1 may be enabl$ to take _! prop] /ations4--,?is is effect$ by /eep+ ! b>ley 9 wat]1 :]e x /rongly attracts moi/ure1 z all dry bodies d2 b x requires "s "t be=e ! gra9 is fully saturat$ !re)4#h ,two or ?ree days1 m or less1 are necess>y1 9 proportion to ! heat ( ! air2 = vegetables receive ! wat] only1 by its /ra9+ ?r\gh ! outw>d sk91 & absorb5t vessels1 & _! pores are s v f9e1 t !y require ?is elem5t to be r$uc$ almo/ to a vapor1 be=e x c ga9 admittance4 ,heat ha? n only ! prop]ty ( exp&+ ^! pores1 b p]haps also t ( add+ to ! wat] a p[] m effectually to ins9uate itself4 ,by ! wat] ga9+ admittance into ! corn1 a great quantity ( air is expell$ f x1 z appe>s f ! numb] ( bubbles :i* arise on its surface :5 9 contact ) ! gra91 ?\gh yet mu* rema9s !re94 ,a judgm5t is =m$ t ! corn is fully saturat$1 s z n to be able to imbibe any m wat]1 f its turgidity & pulp\sness1 :i* occasions x readily to give way to an iron rod dropp$ p]p5dicul>ly !re94 ,at ?is "t ! wat] is let to run1 or drawn (f1 ! gra9 tak5 out ( ! ci/]n1 & laid 9 a regul> heap1 9 height ab\t two feet4 ,we h be=e acc\nt$ :y moi/ vegetables1 :5 /ack$ toge!r1 gr[ hot2 s do? ?is heap ( b>ley4 ,! heat1 assi/$ by ! moi/ure1 puts 9 motion ! acids1 oils1 & ela/ic air rema9+ 9 ! corn1 & ^! n only mollify & s(t5 ! radical vessels1 b1 ) unit$ p[]1 =ce ! juices f ! gl&ul> p>ts into ! roots1 :i* are !reby dispos$ to exp& !mselves1 & imp[]$ to convey n\ri%m5t to ! embryo envelop$ 9 ! body ( ! gra94 ,! corn 9 ?is heap1 or c\*1 is h[ev] n suff]$ to acquire s great a degree ( heat1 z to c>ry on g]m9ation too fa/1 by :i* n only ! f9] b also ! co>s] oils w\ld be rais$ & entangl$ toge!r1 & ! malt :5 made become bitt] & ill ta/$2 b be=e ! acrospire is p]ceiv$ to l5g!n1 ! b>ley is disp]s$ 9 b$s on ! floor ( ! malt h\se1 &1 f be+ at fir/ spread ?91 gradually1 z x dries1 & z ! g]m9ation is !reby *eck$ 9 its progress1 x is ?r[n into l>g] bodies2 s t1 at ! latt] "p ( ?is op]ation1 :i* g5]ally employs two days1 mu* ( ! moi/ure is evaporat$1 its fibres are spread1 & ! acrospire ne> com+ ?r\gh ! outw>d sk9 ( ! b>ley4 ,by ^! signs ! mal/] is satisfi$ t e "p ( ! b>ley has be5 put 9 motion & sep>at$4 ,x is ( great consequ5ce1 9 mak+ ( malt1 t ! gra9 be dri$ by a v sl[ & gradual heat3 = ?is purpose x is n[ ?r[n into a l>ge heap1 & !re suff]$ to gr[ s5sibly hot1 z x w 9 ab\t #bj or #cj h\rs3 ?us prep>$ = dry+1 9 ?is lively & active condition1 x is spread on ! kiln2 :]e1 meet+ ) a heat sup]ior to t requisite = vegetation1 its f>!r gr[? is /opp$2 ?\gh1 9 all probability1 f ! g5tl5ess ( ! fir/ fire x ought to be expos$ to1 none ( ! f9] vessels are1 by ?is sudd5 *ange1 r5t or torn1 b1 by dry+1 only ! cohesion ( its p>ts remov$1 r5d]$ inactive1 & put 9 a pres]vative /ate4 ,(t51 to a fault1 ! dry+ ( a kiln ( malt is p]=m$ 9 #f or #h h\rs3 x w\ld be to ! advantage ( ! gra9 t m ?an d\ble ?is "t 0 employ$ = any int5t :atev]4 ,x may "h be obs]v$1 t ^? oils1 :i* 9 "p =m ! roots1 be+ ) !m pu%$ out f ! body ( ! corn1 & dri$ by heat1 are lo/ to any future wort1 n be+ soluble 9 wat]2 :i* is likewise true ( ^? oils :i* are conta9$ 9 ! %oot or plume2 s t ! int]nal "p ( ! malt has rema9+ 9 x a great] proportion ( salts to ! oils ?an be=e1 consequ5tly are less viscid1 m sac*>9e1 & easi] to be extract$4 ,9 ?is process1 ! acid p>ts ( ! gra91 ?\gh !y are ! mo/ pond]\s1 yet be+ v attractive ( wat]1 become weak]1 &1 by ! cont9u$ heat ( ! kiln1 are volatiliz$ & evaporat$ ) ! aque\s /eam ( ! malt4 ,?us1 by malt+1 ! gra9 acquires new prop]ties1 & ^! v>y at ! diff]5t /ages ( dryness2 9 ! fir/ x resembles ! fruits rip5$ by a weak] sun1 & 9 ! la/ ^? :i* are ! gr[? ( ! hotte/ climates4 ,:5 ! :it5ess ( ! b>ley has n be5 greatly *ang$ by ! heat x has be5 kept 91 x is call$ pale malt1 f its hav+ reta9$ its orig9al color2 b :5 ! fire 9 ! kiln has be5 made m vehem5t1 or kept up a long] "t1 x affects bo? ! oils & ! salts ( ! gra91 9 proportion to ! degree ( ! heat1 & to ! "t x has be5 ma9ta9$1 & ?us occasions a consid]able alt]ation 9 ! color4 ,actual blackness seldom is1 & ought nev] to be1 suff]$ 9 malts2 b 9 proportion to ! int5s5ess ( ! fire !y h be5 expos$ to1 ! ne>] d !y come to t t+e1 & f ! diff]5t br[n !y %ew1 receive _! sev]al d5om9ations4 ,! condition ! b>ley 0 ga!r$ 91 :e!r gre5 or ripe1 is also cle>ly disc]nible :5 x is malt$4 ,if ga!r$ gre51 x r loses ?an ga9s 9 quantity2 = ! /ock ( oils 9 unripe corn be+ small1 ! :ole is sp5t 9 g]m9ation1 f :5ce ! malt becomes ( a small] body1 appe>s %rivell$1 & is (t5 unk9dly1 or h>d4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 :i* ha? come to full maturity1 increases by malt+1 & if prop]ly c>ri$ ?r\gh ! process1 appe>s plump1 bright1 clean1 &1 on be+ crack$1 readily yields ! f9e mealy p>ts1 s mu* desir$ by ! brew]4 ,! malts1 :5 dri$ to ! pit* int5d$ by ! mak]1 are remov$ f ! kiln into a heap4 ,_! heat gradually dim9i%es1 &1 f ! kn[n prop]ties ( fire1 flies (f1 & disp]ses itself 9 ! ambi5t air1 soon] or lat]1 z ! heap is m or less volum9\s2 p]haps too 9 "s proportion to ! weight ( ! malt1 & z ! fire has caus$ x to be m or less t5aci\s4 ,nor c x be suppos$ t any ( its p>ts are capable ( reta9+ ! fire 9 su* a mann] z n to suff] x to get away4 ,s subtile an elem5t _c be conf9$1 mu* less be kept 9 a /ate ( inactivity1 & imp]ceptible to our s5ses4 ,b>s ( iron1 or brass1 ev5 ( a consid]able size1 :5 heat$ r$ hot1 cool & lose _! fire1 ?\gh _! texture is und\bt$ly mu* clos] ?an t ( malt or b>ley4 ,! exp]im5ts made by ,dr4 ,m>t9e1 on ! heat+ & cool+ ( sev]al bodies1 leave no room to d\bt ( ?is fact1 :i* ,i %\ld n be s p>ticul> ab\t1 nor 9 "s measure repeat1 0 x n to expla9 ! te*nical phrase us$ by brew]s1 :5 !y say1 malts are full ( fire1 or want fire4 ,h5ce a prejudice ha? by "s be5 conceiv$ aga9/ dr9ks made f br[n malts1 ?\gh !y h be5 _m mon?s (f ! kiln1 & h no m heat 9 !m1 ei!r :ole or gr\nd1 ?an ! air !y are kept 94 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is1 t1 9 proportion z malts are dri$1 _! p>ticles are m or less sep>at$ f "o ano!r1 _! cohesion is !reby broke1 &1 com+ 9 contact ) ano!r body1 su* z wat]1 /rongly attract f x ! unit+ p>ticles !y want4 ,! m viol5t ?is inte/9e motion is1 ! great] is ! heat j !n g5]at$1 ?\gh n durable4 ,an effect some:at simil> to :at happ5s on malt be+ unit$ ) wat]1 mu/ occur on ! gra9 be+ ma/icat$2 & ! impression made on ! palate mo/ probably gave rise to ! te*nical expression j tak5 notice (4 ,! m9ute circum/ances ( ! process ( malt+ w be m readily conceiv$ f :at w h]eaft] be said4 ,! effects t fire w h1 at sev]al degrees1 on :at1 f hav+ be5 b>ley1 is n[ become malt1 are m p>ticul>ly ! conc]n ( ! brew]2 & t ^! diff]1 bo? z to ! color & prop]ties1 is c]ta94 ,a det]m9ate degree ( heat produces1 on e body1 a c]ta9 alt]ation1 & h5ce1 z ! action ( fire is /rong] or weak]1 ! effect w n be ! same z :at x w\ld h be5 9 any o!r degree4 ,b>leys1 at a m$ium1 may be said to lose1 by malt+1 "o f\r? "p ( _! weight1 includ+ :at is sep>at$ f !m by ! roots be+ skre5$ (f3 b ?is proportion v>ies1 accord+ z !y are m or less dri$4 ,z ! acrospire1 & bo? ! outw>d & inw>d sk9s ( ! gra9 are n dissoluble 9 wat]1 ! gl&ul> or mealy sub/ance is c]ta9ly v inconsid]able 9 volume & weight3 b z 9 ?is alone are conta9$ ! f]m5table pr9ciples ( ! gra91 x des]ves our utmo/ att5tion4 ,we h be=e se51 t w9es1 be]s1 & ales1 aft] ! fir/ f]m5tation1 are meliorat$ ?r\gh age by ! m ref9$ & g5tle agitations !y und]go1 & :i* (t5 are n p]ceptible to our s5ses4 ,to secure ?is favorable effect1 we mu/ =m worts capable ( ma9ta9+ !mselves1 = "s "t1 9 a s\nd /ate4 ,?is quality1 h[ev]1 if n orig9ally 9 ! malt1 is n to be expect$ 9 ! liquor4 ,"s objections h be5 rais$ aga9/ ?is me?od ( argu+1 & ^! aid$ by prejudices1 (t5 m p[]ful ?an ! objections !mselves4 ,x is !re=e necess>y1 z malt+ may be e/eem$ ! f\ndation ( all our future success1 to enquire aft] ! be/ & prop]e/ me?ods ( succe$+ 9 ?is process4 ,let u1 = ?is purpose1 reassume ! consid]ation ( ! gra91 z x comes f ! m[1 trace x to ! kiln1 & obs]ve e *ange x und]goes by ! action ( ! fire1 f ! "t t x receives ! fir/ degree ( pres]vation1 to t :5 x is utt]ly alt]$ & ne>ly de/roy$4 ,b>ley 9 ! m[1 ?\gh !re its utmo/ heat %\ld n mu* exce$ #ajj degrees1 may be extract$ or brew$ )\t malt+4 ,?is ! di/ill]'s practice daily ev9ces2 b !n ! extracts1 made f ?is un*ang$ corn1 are imm$iately put 9 ! /ill aft] ! fir/ f]m5tation1 else !y w\ld n long rema9 9 a s\nd /ate4 ,nor is ?is me?od practicable 9 summ] "t1 z ! extracts w\ld turn s\r1 be=e !y 7 suffici5tly cool$ to f]m5t4 ,x is true1 by ?is means1 all ! *>ge ( ! malt duty is sav$2 b our spirits !reby are greatly inf]ior to ^? ( ! ,fr5*4--,bo]haave recomm5ds ! practice ( t nation1 :i* is to let ! w9es f]m5t1 subside1 & be drawn (f f9e f ! lees1 be=e !y are di/ill$4 ,0 ?is rule obs]v$ 9 ,engl&1 di/illation w\ld be attempt$ only f malt$ gra91 :i*1 if prop]ly extract$ = ?is purpose1 ! diff]5ce 9 ! _s w\ld soon %ew h[ useful & necess>y x is to give w9es 7ei!r f grapes or corn7 "t to be s(t5$1 & to ga9 "s degree ( v9osity be=e !y are us$ to ?is int5t4 ,b might n b>leys be dri$ )\t be+ g]m9at$8 ,und\bt$ly !y might2 b z !y ab\nd ) _m acids & /rong oils1 !y w\ld require a heat m int5se ?an malt does1 be=e !y 7 suffici5tly p5etrat$1 & !n ! oleag9\s p>ts w\ld become s compact1 & s res9\s1 z ne>ly to acquire ! consi/5ce ( a v>ni%1 sc>cely to be mollifi$ by ! hotte/ wat]1 & h>dly ev] to be entirely dissolv$ by t elem5t4 ,b>ley !n ung]m9at$1 ei!r 9 its natural /ate or :5 dri$1 is n fit = ! purpose ( mak+ w9es2 b :51 by g]m9ation1 ! co>s] oils are expell$1 & ! mealy p>ts ( ! gra9 become sac*>9e1 might n ?is suffice1 & :]e is ! necessity ( ! gra9 be+ dri$ by fire8 ,i %all n dwell on ! impossibility ( /opp+ g]m9ation at a prop] p]iod1 )\t ! assi/ance ( fire1 s t suffici5t quantities ( ! gra91 ?us prep>$1 may always be provid$ = ! purposes ( brew+2 nor ev5 insi/ ^u ! difficulty ( gr9d+ su* gra91 z1 9 ?is case1 x w\ld be spongy & t\gh4 ,i ?9k x suffici5t to m5tion solely ! unfitness ( ?is imp]fect malt1 = ! purpose x is to be appli$ to1 t ( =m+ be]s & ales capable ( pres]v+ !mselves = "s "t4 ,we %\ld f9d s _m acids bl5d$ ) ! wat] /ill rema9+ 9 ! gra91 t1 9 ! mo/ favorable seasons = brew+1 !y w\ld (t5 r5d] all our endeavors abortive1 &1 9 summ] "t1 make x impracticable to obta9 f !m s\nd extracts 9 any mann] :atev]4 ,i h he>d ( a project ( g]m9at+ gra91 & dry+ x by ! heat ( ! sun1 9 summ] "t1 9 ord]1 by ?is means1 to save ! exp5ce ( fuel4 ,?\gh ! hotte/ days 9 ,engl& may be ?\ght suffici5t = ?is act1 z well z = mak+ hay1 yet1 z b>ley & grass are n ( equal d5sities1 ! effects w\ld n be ! same4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! only objection3 z ! corn1 aft] a suffici5t g]m9ation1 %\ld be made inactive1 ?is v hot season1 favorable1 9 appe>ance1 to "o "p ( ! process1 w\ld r =w>d1 ?an /op or ret>d1 vegetation2 = ! b>ley1 by ?is heat1 w\ld %oot & come =w>d s fa/ z to entangle too mu* ! con/itu5t pr9ciples ( ! gra9 ) "o ano!r1 & drive ! co>s] ill-ta/$ oils among ! f9] sweet mealy p>ts1 :i* alone1 9 _! utmo/ purity1 are ! subject requir$ = su* z w\ld obta9 good dr9ks4 ,!re (t5 appe>s 9 mank9d a /range disposition to wi% = ! gifts ( ,provid5ce1 9 a diff]5t mann] ?an !y h be5 allott$ to u4 ,! v>i\s s*emes ,i h j n[ m5tion$1 if ,i mi/ake n1 h sprung f ! desire ( hav+ be]s & ales ( ! same appe>ance ) :ite w9es4 ,b z !y are naturally m yell[ or br[n1 :5 brew$ f malts dri$ by heats equal or sup]ior to t :i* con/itutes !m su*1 all su* projects1 by :i* we endeav\r to =ce "s subjects to be ( a l color ) o!rs1 are b s _m attempts aga9/ nature1 & ! prosecution ( !m mu/ commonly be att5d$ ) disappo9tm5ts4 ,x is true1 t ?\gh ! g]m9at$ gra9 be dri$ slack1 yet2 if !y are spe$ily us$1 & brew$ 9 ! mo/ prop] season1 !y may make a tol]able dr9k1 :i* w pres]ve itself s\nd = "s "t3 b ! proportion1 :i* %\ld be kept betwe5 ! heat :i* dri$ ! malt1 & t :i* is to extract x1 _c1 9 ?is case1 be truly asc]ta9$2 &1 z ! gra9 w be m replete ) air1 wat]1 & acids1 ?an x ought to be1 ! dr9k1 ev5 suppos+ ! mo/ =tunate success1 & t x does n soon turn acid1 w /ill be fro?y1 & !re=e greatly want+ 9 salubrity2 = an excess 9 any ( ! f]m5table pr9ciples mu/ always be hurtful4 ,b>ley !n1 to be made fit = ! purpose ( brew+1 mu/ be malt$2 t is1 x mu/ be made to spr\t or g]m9ate ) degrees ( heat ne>ly equal to ^? :i* ! se$ %\ld be impress$ ) :5 s[n 9 ! gr\nd2 & x mu/ be dri$ ) a heat sup]ior to t ( vegetation1 & capable ( *eck+ x4 ,h[ f> g]m9ation %\ld be c>ri$ on1 we h already se52 ! law seems to be fix$ univ]sally1 z to ! ext5t ( ! acrospire3 ! degree ( dryness admits ( a l>g] latitude1 ! limits ( :i* %all be ! subject ( our next enquiry4 ,malt dri$ 9 s l[ a degree1 z t ! vegetative p[] is n entirely de/roy$1 on lay+ toge!r 9 a heap1 w g5]ate a consid]able degree ( heat1 g]m9ate afre%1 & s5d =? its plume or acrospire q gre54 ,! ultimate p>ts ( ! n\ri%+ pr9ciples are !n )9 ea* o!r's p[] ( act+1 else ?is reg]m9ation c\ld n take place2 & su* gra9 _c be said to be malt$1 or 9 a pres]vative /ate4 ,bodies1 ^: p>ticles are remov$1 by heat1 beyond _! sph]e ( attraction1 c no m g]m9ate2 b1 com+ 9 contact ) o!r bodies1 z malt ) wat]1 !y eff]vesce4 ,! gra9 we are n[ speak+ ( fir/ %ews ?is act ( eff]vesc5ce1 :5 x has be5 ?or\ghly impress$ ) a heat ( #abj degrees1 & a little be=e its color1 f a :ite1 beg9s to incl9e to ! yell[4 ,su* are ! malts1 :i* are cur$ 9 a mann] to be able to ma9ta9 !mselves s\nd1 ?\gh 9 ?is /ate1 & at ?is degree ( dryness1 !y possess z mu* air1 & z _m acid & wat]y p>ticles1 z _! pres5t d5om9ation c admit (4 ,?is !re=e may be t]m$ ! fir/ or l[e/ degree ( dry+ ?is gra9 = malt4 ,to discov] ! la/ or greate/ degree ( heat x is capable ( endur+1 ! circum/ance to guide u to x1 ?\gh equally true1 is n s ne> at h& z eff]vesc5ce1 :i* help$ u to ! fir/4 ,we mu/ !re=e h rec\rse to ! obs]vation ( t heat1 :i* :olly deprives ! gra9 ( its pr9cipal virtues4 ,dr4 ,%aw obs]ves1 alcohol is "o ( ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( w9e2 :5 abs5t1 ! w9e loses its nature1 &1 :5 prop]ly diffus$1 x is a c]ta9 rem$y = mo/ diseases incid5t to w9es1 & keeps !m s\nd & free f corruption2 f :5ce 0 d]iv$ ! me?od ( pres]v+ vegetable & animal sub/ances4--,! same excell5t au?or _h be=e ?is obs]v$1 t no subjects b ^? ( ! vegetable k+dom are f\nd to produce ?is pres]v+ _s4 ,is alcohol1 !n1 a new body1 creat$ by f]m5tation & di/illation2 or did x orig9ally1 ?\gh lat5tly1 reside 9 ! vegetable8 ,i h = a good :ile be5 satisfi$1 by exp]im5ts1 says ,bo]haave1 t all o!r inflammable bodies are s only z !y conta9 alcohol 9 !m1 or1 at lea/1 some?+ t1 on acc\nt ( its f95ess1 is exce$+ly l x2 ! gross] p>ts !re(1 t are left beh9d1 aft] a sep>ation ( ?is subtile "o1 be+ no long] combu/ible4 ,n[1 z ! same au?or has cle>ly prov$#i t fire1 by burn+ combu/ible bodies1 z well z by di/ill+ !m1 sep>ates _! diff]5t inflammable pr9ciples1 accord+ to _! v>i\s degrees ( subtilty1 ! alcohol resid+ 9 ! b>ley1 :5 expos$ to su* a degree ( heat z w\ld cause x to boil1 i4 e4 #age degrees1 mu/ make great ef=ts to dis5gage itself f ! gra94 ,is x n1 !re=e1 natural to conclude1 t1 9 a body l malt1 ^: p>ts h be5 made to rec$e f "o ano!r1 7f :5ce x is por\s1 & easily affect$ by fire17 prep>$ = f]m5tation1 or ! mak+ a v9\s liquor1 ?is ev5t w probably happ5 at ! same "t :5 ! body ( ! gra9 has be5 ultimately divid$ by fire1 or t malt *>rs8 & if ?is is true1 may n *>r+ be t]m$ ! la/ degree ( dryness1 :51 ev5 some:at be=e x takes place1 ! acid p>ts & f9e/ oils1 :i* are necess>y = =m+ a f]m5table mu/1 fly (f1 & _c be recov]$4--,*>r+ seems to be a crisis 9 solid bodies1 some:at analog\s to ebullition 9 fluids2 bo? be+ !reby p]fectly saturat$ ) fire1 _! volatile & spirit\s p>ts t5d to fly (f4 ,9 *>r+1 ! subject be+ ultimately divid$ by fire1 ! con/itu5t pr9ciples are set at lib]ty1 & escape 9 ! atmosph]e1 9 proportion to _! sev]al degrees ( subtilty1 & to ! fire :i* urg$ !m4 ,9 boil+ !y are equally divid$1 & incl9e to disp]se2 b1 ev5 ! m volatile1 be+ surr\nd$ ) wat]1 a m$ium mu* d5s] ?an !mselves1 !y are caught up !re91 &1 by ! viol5t motion caus$ 9 boil+1 entangl$ ) x1 & ) o!r p>ts x conta9s1 s z n to be extricat$ or divid$ !refrom except by ! act ( f]m5tation4 ,n[1 z liquors boil ) a great] or less fire 9 proportion to _! t5acity & gravity1 solid bodies may likewise be *>r$ by v>i\s proportions ( heat4 ,! :ole body ( ! b>ley1 z its diff]5t p>ts are ( diff]5t texture1 _c1 at ! same in/ant1 become black1 nor1 :]e any quantity ( ! gra9 is "u simil> circum/ances1 if n equally g]m9at$1 c ! :ole *>r ) ! same degree4 ,to ! sev]al reflections1 be=e made1 ,i ?\ght prop] to add ! sur] help ( exp]i5ce4 ,i !re=e made ! foll[+ trial1 ) all ! c>e ,i 0 capable (4 ,if ! effects ( x appe> satisfactory1 by ga9+ two limit$ & di/ant degrees1 we may det]m9e & fix ! prop]ties ( ! int]m$iate spaces1 9 proportion to _! expansion4 ,9 an e>!n pan1 ( ab\t two feet diamet]1 & ?ree in*es deep1 ,i put z mu* ( ! pale/ malt1 unequally gr[n1 z fill$ x on a level to ! brim4 ,?is ,i plac$ ov] a little *>coal1 light$ 9 a small /ove1 & kept cont9ually /irr+ x f bottom to top4 ,at fir/ x did n feel s damp z x did ab\t half an h\r aft]4 ,9 ab\t an h\r m1 x began to look ( a bright orange color on ! outside1 & appe>$ m swell$ ?an be=e4 ,e "o is s5sible t a long-cont9u$ cu/om makes u suffici5t judges ( colors1 & ?is s5se 9 a brew] is suffici5tly ex]cis$4 ,!n ,i ma/icat$ "s ( ! gra91 & f\nd !m to be ne>ly su* z are t]m$ br[n malts4 ,on /irr+1 & mak+ a heap ( !m1 t[>ds ! middle1 ,i plac$ !re91 at ab\t half dep?1 ! bulb ( my !rmomet]2 x rose to #adj degrees3 ! malt felt v damp1 & _h b little smell4 ,at #afe degrees1 ,i exam9$ x 9 ! same mann] z be=e1 & c\ld p]ceive no damp2 ! malt 0 v br[n1 & on be+ *ew$1 "s few black specks appe>$4 ,_m corns1 ne>e/ ! bottom1 7 n[ become black1 & burnt2 ,i plac$ my !rmomet] ne>ly !re1 & x rose to #age degrees3 b1 z ! p>ticles ( fire1 asc5d+ f ! /ove1 act on ! !rmomet]1 9 proportion to ! di/ance ( ! situation x is plac$ 91 ?r\gh ! :ole exp]im5t an abatem5t ( five degrees %\ld be all[$1 z ne> z ,i c\ld e/imate4--,putt+1 a little aft]1 my !rmomet] 9 ! same position1 :]e ab\t half ! corns 7 black1 x %ew$ #ahj degrees4 ,i n[ judg$ t ! wat] 0 ne>ly evaporat$1 & obs]v$ ! heap grew black apace4 ,aga91 9 ! c5tre ( ! heap1 rais$ 9 ! middle ( ! pan1 ,i f\nd ! !rmomet] at #ahj degrees2 ! corn ta/$ burnt1 ! surface appe>$1 ab\t "o half "p a full br[n1 & ! re/ black4 ,on be+ ma/icat$1 /ill "s :ite specks appe>$1 :i* ,i obs]v$ to proce$ f ^? b>ley-corns :i* _h n be5 ?or\ghly g]m9at$1 & ^: p>ts coh]+ m closely toge!r1 ! fire1 at ?is degree1 _h n p5etrat$4 ,! !rmomet] 0 n[ m v>i\s1 z x 0 ne>] to1 or f>!r f1 ! bottom2 &1 9 my op9ion1 all ! true-made malt 0 *>r$1 = _! ta/e 0 insipid1 !y 7 brittle1 & _! sk9s p>t+ f ! k]nel4 ,i1 nev]!less1 cont9u$ ! exp]im5t1 &1 at #aij degrees1 /ill f\nd "s :ite specks on *ew+ ! gra92 ! acrospire always appe>+ ( a deep] black1 or br[n1 ?an ! outw>d sk92 ! corn1 at ?is juncture1 fri$ at ! bottom ( ! pan4 ,i /ill increas$ ! fire2 & ! !rmomet]1 plac$ 9 ! middle1 betwe5 ! bottom ( ! pan1 & ! upp] edge ( ! corn1 %ew$ #baj degrees4 ,! malt hiss$1 fri$1 & smok$ abundantly4 ,?\gh1 dur+ ! :ole process1 ! gra9 _h be5 kept /irr+1 yet1 on exam9ation1 ! :ole 0 n equally affect$ by ! fire4 ,a great "p !re( 0 r$uc$ to p]fect c9d]s1 easily crumbl+ to du/ betwe5 ! f+]s1 "s ( a v black hue1 )\t gloss1 "s v black1 ) oil %9+ on ! outside4 ,^u ! :ole1 two ?irds ( ! corn 7 p]fectly black1 & ! re/ ( a deep br[n1 b m or less s1 z ! gra9s 7 h>d1 /eely1 or imp]fectly g]m9at$4 ,?is 0 easily discov]$ by ! l5g? ( ! %oot3 mo/ ( ! gra9s seem$ to h lo/ _! cohesion1 & _h a ta/e resembl+ t ( high-roa/$ c(fee4 ,9 ! la/ /age ( *>r+ ! malt1 ,i plac$ ov] x a w9e glass inv]t$1 into :i* arose a p+ui\s oily matt]1 & ta/$ v salt4 ,x may1 p]haps1 n be unnecess>y to say1 t ! l5g? ( "t ?is exp]im5t took up1 0 f\r h\rs1 & t ! effect x _h1 bo? on myself1 & on ! p]son :o att5d$ me1 0 su* z greatly resembl$ t ( inebriation4 ,?\gh1 f ?is exp]im5t1 ! degree ( heat at :i* malt *>rs1 is n fix$ ) ! utmo/ precision1 yet we see t black specks appe>$1 :5 ! !rmomet] 0 at #afe degrees2 "s ( ! corns 7 entirely black at #age1 o!rs at #ahj4 ,9 proportion z fire causes a defici5cy ( color1 x mu/ occasion a want ( f]m5table prop]ties1 ! :ole ( :i* are c]ta9ly disp]s$1 :5 ! gra9 becomes ( an absolute black4 ,?us we may conclude1 ) an exactness surely suffici5t = ! purposes ( brew+1 t true g]m9at$ malts are *>r$ 9 heats1 at ab\t #age degrees3 z ^! correspond to ! heat at :i* pure alcohol1 or ! f9e/ _s ( ! gra9 itself1 boils1 x seems to require ?is heat1 :olly to extricate itself f ! m t5aci\s p>ts ( ! corn2 :i*1 :5 depriv$ ( ?is e!rial enliv5+ pr9ciple1 rema9s in]t1 incapable ( =m+ a f]m5table mu/ or wort1 & indicates to u1 t ! con/itu5t p>ts ( vegetables may be resolv$ by heats1 equal to ^? betwe5 ! fir/ degree :i* =m$ !m1 & ! la/1 :i* ultimately de/roys _! prop]ties2 ?\gh ! extracts w possess diff]5t qualities or virtues1 accord+ to ! det]m9ate heat :i* is appli$4 ,,section ,,xii4 ,,( ,,! ,,diff]5t ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,malt1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,its ,,f]m5table ,,p>ts4 ,! consequ5ces result+ f ! be=e-m5tion$ exp]im5t h already be5 h9t$ at4 ,b x is necess>y to trace !m f>!r1 & to %ew h[ mu* !y t5d to ! in=mation & use ( ! brew]4 ,g]m9at$ b>leys1 s little dri$1 z t _! p>ticles rema9 )9 _! sph]e ( attraction1 are n 9 a pres]vative /ate1 & !re=e _c prop]ly be t]m$ malts4 ,! fir/ degree ( dryness1 :i* con/itutes !m su*1 z we h se5 be=e1 is t :i* occasions !m to cause "s eff]vesc5ce4 ,?is _c be effect$1 :5 !y are dri$ ) less ?an #abj degrees ( heat2 ! highe/ t leaves !m :ite4 ,:5 urg$ by a fire ( #age degrees1 !y are *>r$1 black1 & totally void ( f]m5table pr9ciples4 ,n[ ?is diff]5ce ( heat1 be+ #ee degrees1 & produc+ 9 ! gra9 s great an alt]ation1 z f :ite to black1 ! diff]5t %ades or colors1 belong+ to ! int]m$iate degrees1 _c1 ) a little practice1 be easily mi/ak54 ,:ite1 we "k1 f ,sir ,isaac ,newton's exp]im5ts1 is a composition ( all colors1 z black is ow+ to ! abs5ce ( !m4 ,^! two t]ms indicate ! extremes ( ! dryness ( malt4 ,! color1 :i* ! m$ium heat impresses ^u x1 is br[n1 :i*1 be+ comp\nd$ ( yell[ & r$1 ! f\r t+es :i* %ade malt diff]5tly1 may be said to be :ite1 yell[1 r$ & black4 ,! foll[+ table1 con/ruct$ on ^! pr9ciples1 w1 on *ew+ ! gra91 readily in=m ! practition] ( ! degree to :i* 8 malts h be5 dri$4 ,x is true "s d\bts h aris51 :e!r ! increase ( heat is by equal divisions 7accord+ to ! scales m>k$ on !rmomet]s7 or :e!r ! degrees %\ld n r be 9 proportional p>ts3 b if ! effect ( fire on bodies 7z e exp]im5t %ews7 is exactly correspond+ to ! expansion x is ! cause (1 ?is undet]m9$ "q 9 no wise affects ! brew]y4 ,a ,,table ( ! diff]5t ,degrees ( ! ,dryness ( ,malt1 ) ! ,*anges ( ,color occasion$ by ea* ,increase ( ! ,degrees4 ,degrees4 #aai ,:ite ,:ite #abd ,w4 ,w4 ,yell[ ,:ite turn+ to a light ,yell[4 #abi ,w4 ,w4 ,y4 ,y4 ,yell[4 #acd ,w4 ,w4 ,y4 ,y4 ,r$1 ,high yell[4 #ach ,w4 ,w4 ,y4 ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,amb]4 #adc ,w4 ,y4 ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,light br[n4 #adh ,y4 ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,br[n4 #aeb ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,high br[n4 #aeg ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,black1 ,br[n incl9+ to black4 #afb ,y4 ,r4 ,r4 ,b4 ,b4 ,high br[n1 speckl$ ) black4 #afg ,r4 ,r4 ,b4 ,b4 ,half br[n1 half black4 #aga ,r4 ,b4 ,b4 ,c(fee color4 #agf ,black1 ,black4 ,n4 ,b4 ,! sev]al lett]s aga9/ ea* degree1 x is appreh5d$1 w help 9 practice to fix ! color4 ,! =ego+ table n only enables u to judge ( ! dryness ( ! malt by its color1 b also1 :5 a gri/ is compos$ ( sev]al sorts ( malt1 to =esee ! effect ( ! :ole :5 bl5d$ toge!r by extraction4 ,"s small error may possibly occur 9 judgm5ts ?us =m$ ^u ! report ( our s5ses2 b z malt occupies diff]5t volumes1 9 proportion to its dryness1 if1 9 ! practice ( brew+1 ^u mix+ ! wat] ) ! malt1 ! expect$ degree is obs]v$1 su* p>cel ( malt may be said to h be5 judg$ ( rightly1 9 reg>d to its dryness4 ,s t ! fir/ trial ei!r confirms or corrects our op9ion !re(4 ,?\gh malt1 dri$ to #abj degrees1 is 9 a pres]vative /ate1 yet is x ! lea/ s z malt3 x !n possesses ! :ole ( its f]m5table pr9ciples1 :i*1 if n imp$$ 9 ! extraction1 w\ld be v spe$y & active3 ! duration ( ! worts to be =m$ f gra9 s l[ dri$1 mu/ entirely dep5d on ! p[] giv5 to ! wat] by heat1 to draw f ! malt1 oils ( su* consi/5ce z %all %ea? & ret>d ! ha/y effects ( ! f]m5table p>ts4 ,by extraction1 !n1 malt$ gra91 ev5 s l[ dri$ z ?is1 may1 ) v hot wat]s1 & ) ! f>!r assi/ance ( hops1 be made to produce be]s1 :i* = ye>s w be capable ( ma9ta9+ !mselves s\nd1 or = a long "t to resi/ ! effects ( ! hotte/ climates4 ,!y may also1 by a less heat be+ giv5 to ! extract+ wat]1 & bl5d$ ) less hops1 =m dr9ks1 :i* %all be fit = use 9 s %ort a "t z a week1 & p]haps a t]m mu* %ort]3 h5ce we see ! degree ( heat :i* dri$ ! malt1 & ! degree ( heat giv5 to ! wat] to extract x4 ,! mean ( ^! numb]s 7mak+ an all[ance = ! quantity ( hops us$7 is t :i* directs u to fix ! prop]ties & duration ( ! wort4 ,9 "o s5se1 !n1 we may consid] malt1 s l[ dri$ z ?is1 z be+ su* z w\ld 9 ! %orte/ "t furni% u ) a f]m5t$ liquor1 & 9 ano!r1 su* z w\ld yield ! mo/ delicate & /ronge/ dr9k4 ,:5 malt *>rs1 & becomes black1 its p>ts are ultimately divid$2 x has lo/ ! pr9ciples fit to =m a f]m5table wort1 & :i* x once possess$4 ,! degree ( heat1 prior to t :i* produces ?is effect1 is ! la/ :i* /ill reta9s any "p ( ! f]m5table prop]ties4 ,9 worts f malt ?us highly impress$ by fire1 f]m5tation w\ld proce$ ) s sl[ & reluctant a pace1 t1 9 ?is case1 !y might be said to be 9 ! utmo/ /ate ( pres]vation4 ,no t]m c be fix$ = _! duration4 ,a liquor ( ?is sort1 brew$ ) ! greate/ heat x w\ld admit (1 9 ! extract+ wat]1 might keep _m ye>s1 & become r accommodat$ to ! temp]ature ( ! place x 0 deposit$ 91 ?an to its own con/itu5t p>ts4 ,exp]i5ce has %ewn1 t dr9ks1 impress$ by ! dry+ & extract+ heat1 ) a m$ium ( #adh degrees1 ) a prop] addition ( hops1 at ! end ( eighte5 mon?s1 h be5 f\nd s\nd1 & 9 a dr9kable /ate2 & at ?is degree we f9d ! middl+ br[n4--,f ^! two extremes1 & on ^! pr9ciples1 ! foll[+ table is =m$1 exhibit+ ! l5g? ( "t dr9ks made f malt1 impress$ ) ea* respective degree ( heat1 prop]ly brew$1 9 ! mo/ fav\rable season1 w require1 be=e !y come to _! due p]fection to be us$4 ,equally z ) hot extract+ wat]s1 l[ dri$ pale malt may be made to yield be]s :i* w long cont9ue 9 a s\nd /ate2 s high dri$ malt1 act$ ^u by cool] & l[ extract+ wat]1 may be made to furni% a wort soon fit = use1 ?\gh less agreeable & m inelegant4 ,x might "h be ask$1 :y1 !n1 at any "t1 is malt dri$ ) heats exce$+ #abj degrees8 ,9 answ] to ?is1 x might ju/ly be said1 x w\ld be v difficult = ! mal/] exactly to hit ?is po9t ( dry+1 )\t deviat+ f x ei!r on ! "o side or on ! o!r2 & suppose ?is difficulty remov$1 /ill he c\ld n be c]ta9 e individual gra9 0 equally affect$3 if ! dry+ 0 less ?an #abj degrees1 ! malt1 by receiv+ ! moi/ impressions ( ! air1 w\ld reg]m9ate1 & be spoil$4 ,be=e ! use ( hops1 malt 0 high dri$1 z a means to keep ! extracts s\nd4 ,to eradicate an anci5t cu/om or prejudice requires a long "t4 ,?is1 & ! conv5i5cy ( keep+ malts1 0 ! reason :y1 = _m ye>s1 x 0 9 g5]al dri$ to excess2 an error :i* = "s "t pa/ has be5 los+ gr\nd1 z no reason at pres5t subsi/s1 :y malts %\ld exce$ 9 color a light amb]4 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ! age be]s w require1 be=e be+ us$1 :5 brew$ f malts1 :i*1 9 dry+ & extract+1 h be5 impressd ) a m$ium heat correspond+ to ! foll[+ degrees4 ,degrees4 ,%orte/ "t ,longe/ "t ,%orte/ "t ) ! ) #ab lb4 ) #ab lb4 fewe/ quantity ( ( hops4 ( hops4 hops possible4 #aai #b ,weeks #abd #a ,mon? #c ,mon?s ,brew$ #b ,weeks #abi #c ,mon?s #f ,mon?s 9 ! #d ,weeks #acd #d ,mon?s #i ,mon?s prop] #f ,weeks #ach #faj ,mon?s #ab ,mon?s season #f ,weeks #adc #g ,mon?s #ab ,mon?s ,brew$ #d ,weeks #adh #i ,mon?s #ab ,mon?s 9 #b ,weeks summ] #aeb #aj ,mon?s #ah ,mon?s #aeg #ah ,mon?s #b ,ye>s #afb #b ,ye>s #afg #aga #agf ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ! =ego+ table is con/ruct$ on ! supposition1 t ^! diff]5t sorts ( malt are brew$1 f]m5t$ ) ! utmo/ c>e1 ) wat]s heat$ to extract x1 9 proportion to ! dryness ( ! gra91 & to int5t ( "t !re set d[n1 & ) an adequate addition ( hops2 an +r$i5t :i* %all be consid]$ 9 its prop] place4 ,:at is meant by ! wat] be+ heat$ to extract malt 9 proportion to ! dryness ( ! gra91 may m]it "s explanation4 ,grapes1 :5 ripe1 c>ry ) !m ! wat] !y h receiv$1 bo? dur+ _! gr[+ /ate1 & t ( _! maturity4 ,?is quantity is suffici5t to =m _! mu/s )4 ,to dri$ grapes or rais9s1 wat] is add$1 to supply :at !y h lo/2 & = ! same reason x is requisite 9 reg>d to malt3 b z grapes /& 9 no ne$ ( artificial fire1 to give to _! f]m5tative pr9ciples a due proportion1 s :at !y produce !mselves1 or cold wat] appli$ to !m1 :5 dry1 is a suffici5t m5/ruum4 ,b b>leys1 want+ ! assi/ance ( a great heat to br+ _! p>ts to ! necess>y proportion1 require1 :5 malt1 a simil> or r a great] heat to resolve !m3 )\t :i*1 exp]im5t %ews1 ! fl\r ( ! gra9 w\ld come away undissolv$1 & ?us consid]ably impov]i% ! gri/4--,%\ld1 on ! o!r h&1 too great a heat be appli$1 an equal loss w\ld be su/a9$1 f "s ( ! f9] p>ts be+ coagulat$ or bl5d$ ) oils1 t5aci\s beyond ! p[] ( f]m5tation to exhibit !m4 ,! proportion+ !re=e ! heat ( ! wat] to ! dryness ( ! malt1 m especially to obta9 f ! gra9 ! :ole /r5g? x is capable ( yield+1 z well z to cause ! dr9k to pres]ve itself s\nd its int5d$ "t1 is ( real necessity4 ,well-brew$ dr9ks %\ld n only pres]ve !mselves s\nd _! due space1 9 ord] to be meliorat$ by "t2 !y %\ld likewise be f9e & transp>5t4--,^! circum/ances prove ! arti/'s skill & c>e1 z well z ! salubrity ( ! dr9k2 & are ! sure/ signs ( a well-=m$ mu/1 & ( a p]fect f]m5tation4 ,if !n ! rules = obta9+ ^! ends c be d$uc$ f ! =ego+ pr9ciples & exp]im5ts1 we may flatt] ourselves ) possess+ a !ory1 :i* w answ] our expectations 9 practice4 ,accord+ to ! laws ( nature discov]$ by ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 ! spaces betwe5 ! p>ts ( opaque bodies are fill$ ) m$iums ( diff]5t d5sities1 & ! discont9uity ( p>ts1 ea* 9 !mselves transp>5t1 is ! pr9cipal cause ( _! opacity4 ,salts 9 p[d]1 or infus$ 9 an improp] m$ium1 w int]cept ! light2 gums make a muddy comp\nd1 :5 jo9$ to spirits2 & oils1 unassi/$ by salts1 refuse to be incorporat$ ) wat]4 ,mu/s1 !re=e1 ^: con/itu5t p>ts are n capable ( be+ dissolv$ by wat] into "o homog5e\s body1 are n fit1 ei!r = a p]fect f]m5tation1 or a pellucid dr9k4 ,l5g? ( "t1 :i* improves be]s & w9es1 (t5 rectifies our errors 9 ?is respect2 = ! oils be+1 by v>i\s frett+s1 m att5uat$1 & m intimately mix$1 ! liquor is frequ5tly re/or$1 & becomes ( itself pellucid4 ,yet ,i nev] f\nd ?is to succe$1 :]e ! error ^u ! :ole ( ! dryness ( ! malt1 & ! heat ( ! extracts1 exce$$ ! m$ium by #aj degrees4 ,art has also1 9 "s measure1 concurr$ ) nature to rem$y ?is defect4 ,:5 be]s or w9es h be5 suff]$ to /&1 till !y are r 9 an attract+ ?an 9 a repell+ /ate1 t is1 :5 _! f]m5tations & frett+s app>5tly /& /ill2 !n1 if !y d n become spontane\sly f9e1 !y may be precipitat$1 by mix+ ) !m a m pond]\s fluid4 ,! float+ p>ticles1 t occasion$ ! f\lness1 are1 by ?is means1 made to subside to ! bottom1 & leave a limpid w9e3 b ! p[] ( dissolv$ is+lass1 ! +r$i5t g5]ally us$ = ?is purpose1 seldom takes effect1 :5 ! error exce$s ! m$ium1 z be=e1 by m ?an #aj degrees4 ,o!r +r$i5ts1 inde$1 h be5 us$1 :i* c>ry ?is p[] ne> #aj degrees f>!r4 ,x is n my prov9ce to det]m9e1 :e!r su* be salut>y3 und\bt$ly x w\ld be bett] if !re 7 no occasion = !m4 ,beyond ^! limits1 precipitation has no effect2 ! liquor1 :i* _c be f9$ !reby1 if attempt$1 by increas+ ! quantity ( ! precipitants1 w be ov]p[]$ by ! m5/ruum1 & injur$ 9 its ta/e4 ,h[ frequ5t ?is la/ case ( cl\d9ess is1 w\ld answ] no purpose 9 ?is place to enquire4 ,! use ( d\btful +r$i5ts1 & su* errors z h be5 m5tion$1 ne$ no long] blemi% ! art1 :5 a con/ant & happy practice1 w be bo? ! effect & ! pro( ( a solid & exp]im5tal !ory4 ,be]s :i* become bright ( !mselves1 or by "t alone1 z well z ^? precipitat$ ei!r by dissolv$ is+lass1 or by m p[]ful means1 ea* possess _! respective prop]ties 9 a c]ta9 latitude or numb] ( degrees2 & z ^! effects arise :olly f ! heats employ$ 9 dry+ ! malts1 & 9 =m+ ! extracts1 ! foll[+ table w be ( use to po9t out ! limits1 )9 :i* ea* dr9k may be obta9$4 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ! t5d5cy be]s h to become f9e1 :5 ! malt1 9 dry+ & extract+1 has be5 impress$ ) heats1 ! m$ium ( :i* answ]s to ! foll[+ degrees1 suppos$ to be brew$ & kept 9 ! mo/ eligible mann]4 ,deg4 #aai ,:ite1 ,imm$iately4 ,latitude ( #abd ,incl9+ to yell[1 mu/s :i* f9e #abi ,yell[1 #b ,mon?s4 spontane\sly4 #acd ,high yell[1 #d ,mon?s4 #ach ,amb]1 #f ,mon?s4 ,latitude ( #adc ,light br[n1 #h ,mon?s4 mu/s :i* #adh ,br[n1 #aj ,mon?s4 f9e by precipitation4 #aeb ,high br[n1 #ab ,mon?s4 #aeg ,br[n1 incl9+ to #ad ,mon?s4 ,latitude ( black1 heats :i* _c =m #afb ,high br[n speckl$ #af ,mon?s4 mu/s1 s z ) black1 to answ] ! int5t #afg ,half br[n half #ah ,mon?s4 ( becom+ black1 :olesome #aga ,c(fee color1 #bj ,mon?s4 be]4 #agf ,black1 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! heat = =m+ grapes1 & ! greate/ heat :i* rip5$ !m1 af=ds to u ! numb] ( degrees answ]able to _! con/itu5t p>ts3 ! inve/igation ( b>ley1 9 l mann]1 ?\gh less important to our purpose1 yet may1 ) "s propriety1 be admitt$4 ,^u exam9ation x w be f\nd1 b>ley e>s1 & ! new gra9 beg9s to =m 7be+ /ill 9 possession ( its fl[]7 ab\t ! same "t ) u z grapes d1 9 ,june2 :5 we f\nd ! mean heat ( ! air 9 ! %ade to be #eg4fj degrees4 ,b>leys 9 g5]al are m[$ f ,augu/ to ,septemb]2 s t1 9 _! gr[?1 !y are b5efit$ by ! :ole ( our summ]'s heat1 & = l reasons z 9 page #ei1 we e/imate ?is #fa4aj degrees3 #c4ej degrees !n w\ld be ! numb] ( _! con/itu5t p>ts1 tak5 f ! degrees ( heat 9 ! %ade1 & :i* p]haps w\ld be diff]5t if ! actual sun-%9e heat & :at is reflect$ f ! e>?1 7 acc\nt$ =4 ,b>leys are annuals1 unb5efit$ by ! :ole ( ! autumn sun2 b1 aft] be+ m[$1 !y are /ack$1 reta9+ /ill mu* ( _! /raw1 leaves1 & outw>d sk9s4 ,9 ^! heaps !y heat1 m or less1 accord+ to ! condition 9 :i* !y 7 h\s$2 & :i* heat may rea* to #abj degrees or m1 b 9 g5]al is equal1 or some:at sup]ior1 to t ( our bodies4 ,! prop]ties ( ! gra91 by ?is means improv$1 rip51 & f h5ce are m capable ( pres]v+ !mselves4 ,?is might be a reason :y a f>!r all[ance %\ld be made to ! numb] ( degrees d5ot+ _! con/itu5t p>ts3 h[ mu*1 by a v great numb] ( obs]vations1 made f ! g]m9ation1 rip5+1 to ! /ack+ ( ! b>ley1 9 _m ye>s1 & 9 _m cases1 might probably be asc]ta9$2 b ! difficulty ( do+ ?is1 & aft]w>ds ! impossibility ( comply+ ) ! in=mation su* enquiries w\ld af=d1 & ! little ne$ !re is = x1 z nature has all[$ a consid]able latitude = our deviat+ f :at may be /yl$ p]fection1 )\t any s5sible injury3 ^! circum/ances r5d] su* enquiries unnecess>y1 if n fruitless4 ,vegetables1 b m p>ticul>ly b>ley1 f _! fir/ orig9 to su* "t z !y might be ultimately sep>at$ by fire1 may be divid$ into diff]5t p]iods1 accord+ to ! di/9ct prop]ties belong+ to ea*1 7& ea* ( ^! require aga9 a m exact enquiry47 ,b>ley is "u ! act ( g]m9ation1 s long z ! acrospire or /em is )9 ! outw>d sk9 ( ! p>5t corn2 ?is exclud$1 x vegetates s long z x receives n\ri%m5t by ! int]position ( its roots4 ,x may be said to be 9 a /ate ( conc5tration1 :5 receiv+ b little or no support f ! e>?1 yet x is act$ ^u by su* heats z d n exce$ :at x might be> 9 ! vegetative p]iod2 & 9 t ( inaction1 :51 by ! p[] ( heat1 x is plac$ 9 a passive /ate4 ,n[ malt is b>ley g]m9at$1 &1 by a quick transition1 is impress$ ) heats sup]ior to ^? admitt$ 9 vegetation1 & su* z places ! corn 9 a /ate ( inaction4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! process ( malt+1 ! m t5aci\s oils1 toge!r ) "s salts1 are exclud$ f ! body ( ! gra91 to =m ! vessels requisite to =w>d ! gr[? ( ! future plant4 ,:at rema9s 9 ! p>5t gra9 7t *oice food1 at fir/ necess>y to ! infant b>ley7 are sac*>9e salts1 alone applicable to ! brew]'s purpose1 & ( ! nature & quantity ( :i*1 he ought to be well acqua9t$4 ,to reta9 ^!1 & prev5t a wa/e !re(1 ! g]m9at$ corn is plac$ 9 su* heat1 z de/roys ! union betwe5 its p>ts1 f :5ce x becomes inactive4 ,:5 ?is int5t is obta9$ by ! lea/ heat capable ( effect+ x1 ! malt reta9s bo? its color1 & ! :ole ( its prop]ties4 ,vegetables1 9 no "p ( _! gr[?1 are ev] affect$ by heats s great z to disp]se _! con/itu5t p>ts2 on ! contr>y1 by natural heats1 9 g5]al !y are improv$4 ,! :ole ( _! elem5ts !n1 mu/ be measur$ f ! fir/ degrees :i* =m !m1 to ! la/ :i* procure _! highe/ p]fection2 & 9 climates :]e !y are n b5efit$ by ! :ole ( su* heat1 _! prop]ties mu/ be acc\nt$ only s _m degrees1 z 9 su* places are betwe5 ! extremes ( _! g]m9ation & maturation4 ,alike ) malt1 _! :ole numb] ( con/itu5t p>ts1 d5ot$ by degrees ( heat1 mu/ be s _m z are compreh5d$ betwe5 t degree :i* leaves x 9 possession ( ! :ole ( _! elem5ts1 & ! fir/ heat :i* excludes a "p2 = malt m dri$ ?an ?is1 be+ less p]fect1 & los+ "s ( its prop]ties1 few] mu/ rema94 ,! degree ( heat :i* 9 malt divides ! p]iod ( g]m9ation f t ( inaction1 we h f\nd to be #aai2 ! gra9 !n is p]fectly :ite1 & %ews little if any sign ( eff]vesc5ce2 ! fir/ *ange1 fire occasions !re91 is to impress x ) a light yell[ color2 ?is takes place at #abi degrees ( heat1 an alt]ation :i* c proce$ f no o!r cause1 b1 9 remov+ its orig9al :it5ess1 to h expell$ "s ( its primitive p>ts4 ,! diff]5ce !n betwe5 ^! two numb]s ( #aj1 specifies1 9 degrees ( ,fahr5heit's scale1 ! numb] ( prop]ties con/itut+ b>ley1 malt4 ,x mu/ be confess$ ?is is e/abli%+ a pr9ciple ( ! art ( brew+1 ^u ! unc]ta9 report ( our s5ses1 z p]haps our sight may deceive u 9 fix+ ?is *ange ( color exactly at #abi degrees2 b we "k :ite & black to be ! two extremes ( ! dryness ( malt1 & t ! middle color betwe5 !m is br[n1 :i* be+ comp\nd$ ( yell[ & r$1 ^! f\r t+es1 equally divid$1 z we h done 9 ! =ego+ tables1 w corroborate our fix+ ! te9t ( yell[ at ?is degree4 ,! table %ew+ ! t5d5cy be]s h to become f9e1 0 =m$ f exp]im5ts made on brew+s1 ^: gov]n+ m$ium heats 7 f #acd to #adh1 ! proportion 9 po9t ( "t giv5 by ^!1 ju/ifies ! division betwe5 imm$iate pellucidity1 at #aai1 & t tak+ place at two mon?s1 or #abi degrees4 ,s f h5ce we may be satisfi$1 h[ev] an absolute p]fection _c be dep5d$ ^u1 yet ?is be+ ! mo/ exact division our s5ses af=d1 x approa*es s ne> to tru?1 t if any mi/ake rema9s1 x c be b trivial1 comp>$ to ! latitude ( errors1 f]m5tation & "t correct4 ,b ?is numb]1 #aj degrees1 d5ot+ ! quantity ( f]m5table p>ts1 mu/ less5 9 proportion z a cont9u$1 or a great] heat deprives ! gra9 ( m prop]ties4 ,a spe$y spontane\s pellucidity is ! effect ( ! :ole f]m5table p>ts2 malt affect$ by heat1 convey$ ei!r ?r\gh air or wat]1 or ?r\gh bo?1 7s ! m$ium ( ^! exce$s n #ach degrees17 if assi/$ by ! acids ga9$ to ! dr9k by long /&+1 su* w obta9 transp>5cy4 ,be]s1 !n1 int5d$ to be =m$ ( !mselves to become f9e1 9 ! calculations us$ to discov] _! elem5ts1 s _m ( ! memb]s ( ! con/itu5t p>ts mu/ be impli$1 z corresponds ) ! "t ! be] is int5d$ to be kept2 b :5 be]s are made int5tionally to require precipitation to become f9e1 9 su* proportion z we purpose to impress opacity on ! dr9k1 we mu/1 9 ! calculations made to discov] ! temp]ature ( ! extracts1 imply only s _m ( ! con/itu5t p>ts1 z correspond to ! m$ium heat :i* w occasion ?is f\lness4 ,^! few obs]vations %ew ! necessity ( e/abli%+ ?is fundam5tal doctr9e1 ! use ( :i* w obvi\sly appe> 9 practice4 ,?us does ! success ( ?is art dep5d on ! in/rum5t s (t5 m5tion$1 :i*1 by indicat+ ! expansions caus$ by diff]5t heats1 becomes a sure guide 9 our op]ations4 ,i %all n[ close ?is acc\nt1 by comp>+ ) ! pr9ciples "h laid d[n1 ! defects :i* we1 b too (t51 meet 9 b>ley :5 malt$4 ,,section ,,xiii4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,defective ,,malts4 ,9 ! prec$+ enquiry1 "s ( ! defects ( malt h be5 occasionally m5tion$3 b z a p]fect k ( ! gra91 especially :5 x has und]gone ?is process1 is a matt] ( no small conc]n to ! brew]1 ,i %all n[ br+ su* defects into di/9ct view1 bo? to comp>e !m ) ! =ego+ pr9ciples1 & t ! k ( !m may be m at h&1 on e occasion1 :5 want$4 ,e diff]5t degree ( heat act+ on bodies causes a diff]5t effect3 & ?is v>ies also1 z su* heat is m or less ha/ily appli$4 ,! gr[? ( vegetables is 9 g5]al submitt$ to ^! laws3 b yet ,i conceive !re is "s diff]5ce betwe5 g]m9ation & vegetation1 :i* ,i beg leave to po9t out4 ,! =m] seems to be ! act caus$ by heat & moi/ure1 :ile ! plume or acrospire is /ill envelop$ )9 ! tegum5ts ( ! p>5t corn1 & x is mo/ p]fectly p]=m$ by ! g5tle/ action1 & consequ5tly by ! lea/ heat1 t is capable ( mov+ ! diff]5t pr9ciples 9 _! due ord]4 ,vegetation1 aga91 is t act :i* takes place :5 ! plant issues =?1 &1 be+ r5d]$ /rong] by ! impressions ( ! air1 becomes capable ( resi/+ its inclem5cies1 or ! w>m? ( ! sun-%9e4 ,g]m9ation is ! only act necess>y = malt+1 ! int5tion be+ solely to put 9 motion ! pr9ciples ( ! gra91 & n to re> up ! embryo to a plant4 ,n[1 z ?is beg9s 9 b>ley at ! degree :]e ! wat] fir/ becomes fluid1 or ne>ly s1 ! cold season1 :5 ! !rmomet] %ews f ab\t #cb to #dj degrees1 w\ld seem ! mo/ prop] = ?is purpose4 ,h[ f> its latitude may ) propriety be ext5d$1 exp]i5ce alone c det]m9e4 ,malt/]s cont9ue to "w s long z !y ?9k ! season p]mits1 & leave (f g5]ally 9 ,may1 :5 ! heat ( ! wat] ext5ds at a m$ium f #ej to #ee degrees4 ,b ! ne>] !y come to ?is m$ium1 ) ! great] disadvantage mu/ !y malt3 z1 by su* w>m?1 ! vessels ( ! corn are mu* di/5d$1 ! motion ( ! fluids viol5t1 & ! f9] p>ts too apt to fly (f4 ,?us ! co>s] oils ga9+ admittance1 ! gl&ul> p>ts become fill$ ) an impure & less delicate sulphur1 :i*1 in/ead ( a sweet1 incl9es to a bitt]1 ta/e4 ,?is is s manife/1 & s univ]sally exp]i5c$1 t1 9 g5]al1 brew]s c>efully avoid pur*as+ :at is t]m$ latt]-made malts4 ,malt1 :i* has n _h a suffici5t "t to %oot1 s t its plume may h rea*$ to ! ext5t ( ! inw>d sk9 ( ! b>ley1 rema9s ov]bur!n$ ) too l>ge a quantity ( e>? & oils1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 exp5d$ 9 ! acrospire & radical vessels4 ,all ^? p>ts ( ! corn :i* h n be5 sep>at$1 & put 9 motion by ! act ( g]m9ation1 w1 :5 laid on ! kiln to dry1 h>d5 & glut9ize3 no great] "p !re( w be soluble 9 wat]1 ?an s f> z ! /em or spire ( ! b>ley rises to1 or v little f>!r1 & z mu* z is want+ !re( w be lo/ to ! /r5g? ( ! dr9k4 ,:5 malt is suff]$ to gr[ too mu*1 or until ! spire is %ot ?r\gh ! sk9 ( ! b>ley1 :i* is n (t5 ! case1 ?\gh all t is left be malt1 t is1 conta9+ salts dissoluble 9 wat]1 yet z too l>ge a portion ( oils has be5 exp5d$ out ( ! gra91 su* malts _c be fit to brew dr9ks = long keep+4--,!re is1 besides1 a real loss ( ! sub/ance ( ! corn1 occasion$ by its be+ ov]gr[n4 ,malt1 ! g]m9ation ( :i* has rea*$ & be5 /opp$ at ! prop] p]iod1 & has be5 duly work$ ^u ! floors1 if n suffici5tly dri$ on ! kiln1 ev5 ?\gh ! fire be excit$ to a prop] heat1 reta9s _m wat]y p>ts4 ,! corn1 :5 laid toge!r1 w be apt to g]m9ate afre%1 p]haps to heat s z to take fire2 %\ld n ?is extreme be ! case1 at lea/ x mu/ gr[ m\ldy1 & communicate an ill flavor to ! dr9k4 ,malt1 well gr[n1 & work$ z be=e1 b ov]-dri$1 ?\gh ) a prop] degree ( heat1 w become ( s t5aci\s a nature1 z to require a long "t be=e x c admit ( ! outw>d impressions ( ! air to relax or mell[ x1 t is1 be=e x is fit to be brew$ ) all ! advantages x o!rwise w\ld h2 & 9 proportion z x has black specks on be+ ma/icat$1 s mu* ( its p>ts be+ *>r$ is a dim9ution to ! /r5g? ( ! liquor1 besides impress+ x ) a burnt or nause\s ta/e4 ,malt1 dri$ on a kiln n suffici5tly heat$1 mu/ require proportionably a long] "t to receive ! prop] effect ( ! fire2 ! want ( :i* w br+ x into ! same /ate z malt n ?or\ghly dri$4 ,if too quick or fi]ce a fire be employ$1 in/ead ( g5tly evaporat+ ! wat]y p>ts ( ! corn1 x torrifies ! outw>d sk91 divides x f ! body ( ! gra91 & s r>ifies ! inclos$ air z to bur/ ! vessels4 ,su* is call$ bl[n malt1 &1 by ! int]nal expansion1 occupies a l>g] space ?an x ought4 ,if ! fire be cont9u$1 x causes its con/itu5t p>ts to h>d5 to ! consi/5ce ( a v>ni%1 or *anges x into a brittle sub/ance1 f :5ce ! malt is said to be /eely & glassy3 x dissolves b 9 a small proportion1 is v tr\blesome & dang]\s 9 brew+1 & frequ5tly occasions a total want ( extraction2 by ! brew]y t]m$1 sett+ ! gri/4 ,malt1 j1 or b lately1 tak5 f ! kiln1 rema9s w>m = a consid]able "t4 ,until ! heap becomes equally cool ) ! surr\nd+ air1 x _c be said to be mell[1 or 9 a fit /ate to be brew$3 its p>ts be+ h>% & brittle1 ! :ole ( its sub/ance _c be resolv$1 & ! prop] heat ( ! wat]1 :i* %\ld be appli$ to x = t purpose1 is !re=e m difficult to be asc]ta9$4 ,! practice ( ^? malt/]s1 :o spr9kle wat] on malt newly remov$ f ! kiln1 to make x appe> z hav+ be5 made a long space ( "t1 or1 z !y say1 to plump x1 is a deceit :i* _c too mu* be expos$4 ,by ?is practice1 ! circum/ance ( ! heat1 & h>%ness ( ! malt1 is only ext]nally1 & 9 appe>ance1 remov$1 & ! pur*as] grossly impos$ on4 ,! gra91 by be+ moi/5$1 occupies a great] volume1 &1 if n spe$ily us$1 soon gr[s m\ldy1 heats1 & is greatly damag$4 ,! direct contr>y is ! case ( malt :i* has be5 made a long "t3 ! dampness ( ! air has relax$ x1 & s mu* moi/ure has ins9uat$ itself into ! gra91 t "s d\bt mu/ arise h[ mu* hott] ! ma% %\ld1 = ?is reason1 be4 ,yet1 suppos+ no di/emp]1 su* z be+ m\ldy1 heat$1 or damag$ by v]m91 x is obs]v$1 malt1 "u ?is circum/ance1 may m c]ta9ly be help$ 9 brew+1 ?an ^? j abovem5tion$4 ,f :at has be5 said1 x appe>s h[ necess>y x is to procure malt :i* has be5 prop]ly /eep$1 g]m9at$ to its true pit*1 & dri$ by a g5tle1 mod]ate heat1 s z ! moi/ure ( ! corn be duly evaporat$1 !n cur$ by j s mu* fire z to enable x to pres]ve itself a due "t1 )\t be+ bl[n or burnt4 ,h[ easy x is to regulate ?is process 9 ! ci/]n1 9 ! c\*1 on ! floors1 & on ! kiln1 :5 ! mal/]1 int5ds no artifice to save 8 excise1 ,i ne$ n say2 b ) :at c]ta9ty & ease ! :ole might be c>ri$ on by ! help ( ! !rmomet]1 ,i leave su* to det]m9e z are mode/ en\gh to ?9k1 t ! art may be br\ght to m accurate rules ?an ^? ( ! b>e report ( our unassi/$ s5ses4 ,z su* rules may easily be d$uc$ f ! pr9ciples "h laid d[n1 ,i %all n be m p>ticul> 9 %ew+ _! application1 z n be+ my imm$iate purpose1 nor my bus9ess z a brew]3 nor h ,i leisure1 or ! conv5i5cy ( a malt h\se1 to make exp]im5ts ( ?is sort2 yet ) tru? x may be said1 t su* z w\ld n be disappo9t$ 9 _! brew+1 mu/ take c>e n to be deceiv$ 9 _! malt4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 be+ b too frequ5tly ! case1 we %\ld con/antly be on our gu>d aga9/ its defects1 & "k h[ to correct !m4 ,if x is treat$ 9 ! same mann] z if x 0 p]fect1 ! well-malt$ p>ts alone w be dige/$4 ,if too slack dri$1 x may be correct$ by an addition ( heat1 if ov]-dri$1 or injur$ by fire1 x may proportionably be help$4 ,by apply+ ! !rmomet] to ! extracts1 m p>ticul>ly to ! fir/1 ! brew] !reby w be in=m$1 to a suffici5t degree ( exactness1 ( ! defects he c m5d1 & h>dly be ev] at a loss = ! prop]e/ means to "w ! gra9 to ! greate/ advantage4 ,z f> z we h proce$$ 9 our enquiry1 ?\gh "s satisfaction mu/ arise f our be+ enabl$ to acc\nt = ! great] "p ( ! process ( brew+1 yet x may be obs]v$1 ev5 ) ! assi/ance ( ! !rmomet]1 z yet a geometrical exactness1 9 _m respects1 has n be5 atta9$2 b nature1 :5 ! int]e/ & necessities ( mank9d are ! object1 app>5tly has suppli$ our wants1 & rectifi$ our defects4 ,9 ?is art1 f]m5tation1 :5 all[$ to display itself1 corrects all our errors to a consid]able latitude1 ?\gh z yet1 ( ?is act1 x may be said we sc>cely conceive its cause1 or prop]ly disc]n its effects4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,brew+4 ,be=e ,i ent] ^u ! practical1 & inde$ mo/ important1 "p ( ?is "w1 x w n be improp] to give a di/9ct1 ?\gh g5]al1 view ( ! diff]5t p>ts x is to consi/ (4 ,to extract f malt a liquor1 :i*1 by ! help ( f]m5tation1 may acquire ! prop]ties ( w9e1 is ! g5]al object ( ! brew]1 & ! rules ( t art are ! subject ( ^! %eets4 ,an art truly v simple1 if1 accord+ to vulg> op9ion1 x consi/$ 9 no?+ else ?an apply+ w>m-wat] to malt1 ma%+ ^! toge!r1 multiply+ ! taps at discretion1 boil+ ! extracts ) a few hops1 suff]+ ! worts to cool1 add+ yea/ to make x f]m5t1 & tru/+ to "t1 cell>s1 & no/rums1 = its ta/e1 brightness1 & pres]vation6 ,a few notes & obs]vations1 su* z are too (t5 f\nd to be foi/$ "u ! articles ( be] & brew+1 9 "s books ( agriculture & o!rs ( cook]y1 might be suffici5t1 7 ! place & con/itution ( ! air always ! same1 ! mat]ials & vessels employ$ entirely simil>1 & la/ly1 ! malt dr9ks int5d$ = ! same use & "t2 b1 z e "o ( ^! p>ticul>s is liable to v>iations1 & c be compli$ )1 only by ! application ( diff]5t det]m9ate heats2 0 ! arti/ to submit himself to loose1 vague1 & errone\s directions1 l ^? above m5tion$1 !y w\ld only s]ve to deceive him1 & 8 case w\ld be b little m5d$1 if he tru/$ to indef9ite signs1 & insuffici5t maxims1 9 8 deviation f !m4 ,a m c]ta9 f\ndation has be5 laid d[n 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is treatise1 & ! pr9ciples !re e/abli%$ w1 ,i tru/1 9 all cases1 answ] our ends1 provid$ we make use ( prop] means to settle _! application4 ,! mo/ elegible means to effect ?is1 mu/ be to foll[1 z ne> z possible1 su* plan1 :i* ! rational brew] w\ld1 9 e p>ticul> circum/ance1 sket* to himself1 be=e he proce$$ to bus9ess4 ,8 fir/ att5tion ought to be direct$ n only to ! actual heat ( ! wea!r1 b also to t :i* may be expect$ 9 ! season ( ! ye> he is 94 ,! gr9d+ ( 8 malt mu/ be 8 next object1 & z ! diff]5ce ( ! dr9ks greatly dep5ds ^u t ( ! extracts1 he _c b *use to h di/9ct ideas ( :at may be expect$ f ! am\nt ( ! heat ( !m4 ,hops1 :i* are add$ z a pres]vative to ! extracts =m too important a "p to be employ$ )\t a suffici5t k ( _! p[]4 ,! /r5g? ( malt liquors dep5d+ pr9cipally on _! quantity or l5g?s1 x is necess>y to asc]ta9 ! heights 9 ! copp]1 to answ] :at1 on ?is acc\nt1 is int5d$4 ,! diff]5ce 9 boil+1 = diff]5t dr9ks or seasons2 ! loss ( wat] by evaporation2 ! prop] division ( ! :ole quantity ( ?is elem5t employ$1 &1 9 proportion to su* division1 t ( ! heat to be giv5 9 ea* "p ( ! process2 ! means to asc]ta9 ^! degrees1 by det]m9+ :at quantity ( cold wat] is to be add$ to t1 :i* is at ! po9t ( ebullition1 come aft]w>ds "u 8 consid]ation4 ,! mann] & "t ( ma%+1 ! _m expect$ incid5ts :i* mu/ produce "s small v>iations betwe5 ! actual & ! calculat$ heat ( 8 extracts1 x w be incumb5t ^u him to make a prop] e/imation & all[ance =4 ,to dispose ( ! worts 9 su* =ms & at su* dep?s1 z may r5d] ! influ5ce ( ! ambi5t air ! easie/ & mo/ efficaci\s1 & !n1 by ! addition ( yea/1 to provide ! dr9k ) t int]nal & mo/ p[]ful ag5t x _h lo/ 9 boil+1 are ! next requisites4 ,f]m5tation1 :i* foll[s1 & :i* ! brew] ret>ds or =w>ds accord+ to 8 int5tions1 completes ! :ole process2 aft] ^! necess>y precautions1 to comp>e 8 op]ations ) ^? ( ! mo/ approv$ practition]s 9 8 art1 & to f9d himself able to acc\nt = ^? signs & e/abli%$ cu/oms1 :i* be=e 7 loosely describ$1 au?oritatively dictat$1 & nev] suffici5tly det]m9$ or expla9$1 mu/ be to him an additional satisfaction4 ,z precipitation is requisite 9 c]ta9 cases1 ! common me?ods = effect+ x %\ld be kn[n1 & likewise ! means practis$ among coop]s to correct ! real or imag9$ errors ( ! brew]1 9 ord] to r5d] ! dr9k agreeable to ! palate ( ! consum]s1 w naturally lead him to consid] :at true ta/e is1 & by employ+ ! means1 by :i* x may safely be obta9$ & improv$1 he w h done all 9 8 p[]1 to answ] 8 cu/om]s expectation1 & to secure 8 success4 ,?is arrangem5t1 :i* appe>s ! mo/ simple1 is t1 :i* ! read] w f9d obs]v$ 9 ! foll[+ sections4 ,! prop] illu/rations ( tables & examples h n be5 omitt$1 & f ! complete plans = brew+1 "u two =ms ( ! mo/ dissimil> k9d1 x w be f\nd ! rules are adapt$ to all circum/ances1 & applicable to e purpose4 ,i mu/ "h add some:at 9 ju/ification1 = publi%+ :at may be said to be ! my/]ies ( an art1 (t5 too cauti\sly preclud$ f ! sight & att5tion ( ! public2 b e art & sci5ce :atev] h equally be5 laid op51 & f su* communication receiv$ great] improvem5ts1 & become m useful to mank9d 9 g5]al1 & ! pr(essors ( !m 9 p>ticul>4 ,if att5tion is giv5 to ! rules & practice "h laid d[n1 x w be f\nd t ! brew]1 f ! l>ge quantities he manufactures1 f repeat$ exp]i5ce1 f ! conv5i5cy ( 8 ut5sils1 & m ?an all1 f ! int]e/ he has to be well acqua9t$ ) 8 bus9ess1 is mo/ likely to be successful1 9 pref]5ce to any "o else1 & !re=e c h no reason to be displeas$ on be+ pres5t$ ) a !ory & practice1 :i*1 f> f be+ ! sole "r ( ! brew]y1 ! discov]y ( ! pr9ciples 7 c]ta9ly ! prop]ty ( ! au?or & ( 8 fri5ds1 ^: names w\ld d 8 "w honor if m5tion$4 ,f ! application ( ^! pr9ciples1 be+ conv9c$ ( _! exactness & facility 9 practice1 he (f]s 8 labor to a trade he e/eems1 ) no o!r view ?an ! hope he ent]ta9s ( be+ ( "s s]vice to x & to ! public4 ,if1 not)/&+ repeat$ endeav\rs1 "s ?+s1 9 ?is treatise1 %\ld appe> out ( _! places2 o!rs1 9 m ?an "o2 if r$undancies1 *iefly occasion$ by ! natural temptation ( acc\nt+ = p>ticul> appe>ances1 h n always be5 avoid$2 if inaccuracies %\ld n[ & !n h escap$ me1 let x be rememb]$ 7by ! good-natur$ x c]ta9ly w7 t1 9 new & intricate subjects1 digressions & repetitions are 9 "s measure all[able1 t an ov]-fulness is pref]able to an affect$ & (t5 obscure brevity1 & t ! improvem5t ( ! art1 r ?an ! tal5t ( writ+1 mu/ be ! brew]'s m]it1 & 0 my only aim4 ,,section ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,heat ,,( ,,! ,,air1 ,,z ,,x ,,relates ,,to ,,! ,,practical ,,"p ,,( ,,brew+4 ,9 & ab\t ! city ( ,london1 ! mo/ int5se cold t has be5 obs]v$ is #ad degrees1 & ! greate/ heat has made ! !rmomet] rise1 9 ! %ade1 to #hi4 ,)9 ^! limits are compreh5d$ all ! f]m5table degrees1 & consequ5tly ^? necess>y = c>ry+ on ! process ( brew+4 ,if ! l[e/ degree prop] = f]m5tation be #dj1 & ! highe/ #hj1 ! m$ium ( ^! two w\ld1 at fir/ sight1 appe> to be ! fitte/ = ?is purpose2 b ! int]nal motion1 necess>y to c>ry on f]m5tation1 excites a heat sup]ior to ! orig9al /ate ( ! mu/ by #aj degrees4 ,h5ce1 if #fj degrees be ! highe/ eligible heat a f]m5t+ mu/ %\ld arise to1 #ej %\ld be ! highe/ = a wort to be let d[n at1 to beg9 ?is act2 :i* heat c only be obta9$1 :5 t ( ! air is equal !reto1 s t x d5otes ! highe/ natural heat = be]s & ales to be prop]ly f]m5t$4 ,) reg>d to ! o!r extreme1 or ! l[e/ heat1 h[ev] cold ! air may be1 z ! worts1 :i* =m bo? be]s & ales1 ga91 by boil+1 a degree greatly sup]ior to any all[$ ( 9 f]m5tation1 x is con/antly 9 ! arti/'s p[] to adapt 8 worts to a prop] /ate4 ,! brew+ season1 !n1 may ju/ly be e/eem$ all t "p ( ! ye> 9 :i* ! m$ium heat ( ! day is at or bel[ #ej degrees3 ?is1 9 our climate1 is f ! beg9n+ ( ,octob] to ! middle ( ,may1 or #cb weeks2 ! mo/ elegible p]iod ( "t = brew+ all k9ds ( be]s4 ,b1 z _m incid5ts (t5 make x necess>y to ext5d ^! limits1 ! only "t = v5tur+ to comply !re) is1 :5 ! m$ium heat ( ! season is at #ee degrees2 by :i*1 six weeks m may be obta9$4 ,b1 "u ^! circum/ances1 ! quantity ( be] brew$ %\ld be less1 t ! worts may cool m readily1 by be+ ?9n] spread2 &1 to ga9 m "t1 ! brew+ is be/ c>ri$ on ) two worts only3 tak+ ^! precautions1 & beg9n+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ! fir/ wort1 by lay+ long en\gh 9 ! cool]s1 w1 t[>ds ev5+1 be br\ght to a heat ( #ee degrees4 ,! night1 9 ?is season ( ! ye>1 be+ g5]ally cold] by #aj or #ab degrees ?an ! m$ium heat ( ! :ole #bd h\rs1 ! second worts may be r$uc$ to a cold ( #dc degrees3 ! mean ( #ee & #dc1 be+ #di degrees1 w\ld be ! real heat ( ! worts 9 ! ton2 & ) #aj degrees m1 7! heat ga9$ by f]m5tation17 /ill x w\ld n rea* #fj degrees1 ! highe/ f]m5table heat1 be]s int5d$ to pres]ve !mselves long %\ld arrive to2 b s ne> w\ld x be to ?is1 & s little is ! uni=mity ( ! heat ( ! air to be reli$ on1 t necessity alone c ju/ify ! practice ( brew+ su* dr9ks1 :5 ! heat ( ! air is s high z #ee1 consequ5tly1 :]e x exce$s ?is1 x %\ld nev] be attempt$4 ,z ! extractions are made by heats f> sup]ior to any natural ones1 ?\gh ! actual temp]ature ( ! air nei!r adds to1 nor dim9i%es f1 _! /r5g?1 yet x is to be kn[n = ! foll[+ reason4 ,! prop] heat giv5 to ! ma% is by means ( cold add$ to boil+ wat]2 & cold wat] g5]ally is ( no o!r heat ?an t ( ! air itself4 ,inde$1 :5 ! cold is s int5se1 z to occasion a fro/1 & to *ange wat] into ice1 t :i* is !n us$ = brew+1 be+ mo/ly drawn f deep wells1 or places :]e fro/ nev]1 or b seldom1 takes place1 may be e/imat$ at #ce degrees1 & ?is w be suffici5tly exact4 ,! foll[+ table %ews ! temp]ature ( ! air = e season 9 ! ye>1 & confirms :at ,i h j n[ said conc]n+ ! season prop] = brew+1 & ! actual heat ( ! wat]4 ,x 0 d$uc$ f _m ye>s' obs]vations1 made ) v accurate in/rum5ts1 at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ! "t 9 :i* ! heat is suppos$ to be ! m$ium ( t ( ! :ole day4 ,a table1 %ew+ ! m$ium heat1 = e ,season ( ! ye>1 9 & ab\t ,london1 d$uc$ f obs]vations made f #agec to #agfe1 at eight o'clock ea* morn+4 ,degrees4 ,janu>y #a #cf #ch ,july #a #fj #eb to #ae to #ae to #ca #cd #ig to #ca #fj #bi ,febru>y #a #ce #ea ,augu/ #a #ei #hi to #ad to #ae to #bh #ch #aa to #ca #eh #dh ,m>* #a #cg #ii ,septemb4 #a #ee #ag to #ae to #ae to #ca #ci #gb to #cj #ed #ac ,april #a #dc #ac ,octob] #a #dh #ff to #ae to #ae to #cj #df #jd to #ca #df #gb ,may #a #di #je ,novemb4 #a #db #bf to #ae to #ae to #ca #ec #fg to #cj #ci #dj ,june #a #eg #bj ,decemb4 #a #ch #fa to #ae to #ae to #cj #ei #ad to #ca #cg #ed ,to asc]ta9 ! au?ority ( ?is table1 & to make x useful to sev]al purposes1 ,i h c>ri$ to decimals ! mean numb]s result+ f my obs]vations4--,b su* an exactness has be5 f\nd1 9 ! practice ( brew+1 to be m tr\blesome ?an necess>y4 ,i h !re=e con/ruct$ ano!r table1 simil> to ! =m]1 b :]e ! fractions are omitt$1 & ! :ole numb]s c>ri$ on f five to five4 ,! heats ( ! latt] end ( ,octob]1 & beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 h "h be5 set d[n r high] ?an !y really are2 z1 at ?is "t ( ! ye>1 ! hops fit to brew ) are old & weak1 & ,i c\ld n devise any means m easy to all[ = _! want ( /r5g?4 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ! m$ium heat ( ! air1 9 & ab\t ,london1 = e season ( ! ye>1 applicable to practice4 ,degrees4 ,degrees4 ,janu>y #a ,july #a to #ae #ce to #ae #fj to #ca #ce to #ca #fj ,febru>y #a ,augu/ #a to #ad #ce to #ae #fj to #bh #dj to #ca #fj ,m>* #a ,septemb4 #a to #ae #dj to #ae #ee to #ca #dj to #cj #ee ,april #a ,octob] #a to #ae #de to #ae #ej to #cj #de to #ca #ej ,may #a ,novemb4 #a to #ae #ej to #ae #de to #ca #ej to #cj #dj ,june #a ,decemb] #a to #ae #fj to #ae #dj to #cj #fj to #ca #ce ,z no?+ is s incon/ant z ! heat ( ! air1 we are n to be surpris$ :5 x deviates f ! progression specifi$ 9 ! table4 ,! fl[+ wat] us$ 9 ! brew]y1 at ! colde/ seasons1 we h fix$ at #ce degrees1 & ! highe/ heat 9 ! air1 to c>ry on ! process = be]s brew$ = long keep+1 at #ee degrees4 ,! l5g? prop] to be drawn1 or ! quantity ( be] to be made f ea* qu>t] ( malt be+ fix$1 ! brew]1 at any "t1 has x 9 8 p[] to make calculations = brew+s1 suppos+ ! mean heat ( ! air to be at #ce1 at #dj1 at #de1 at #ej & ev5 at any degree ( heat :atev]1 s z nev] to be unprovid$ = any season4 ,wat]1 be+ a body m d5se ?an air1 requires "s "t to receive ! impressions ei!r ( heat or cold1 = :i* reason ! m$ium heat ( ! %ade ( ! prec$+ day1 w mo/ conv5i5tly gov]n ?is "p ( ! process1 unless "s v extraord9>y *ange %\ld happ5 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,?is mu/ make ! bus9ess ( ! arti/1 9 ?is respect1 v easy1 z1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 practice1 he w h only to correct ! little *anges t occasional incid5ts give rise to2 & ! calculations w answ] all 8 purposes s long z ! l5g?s ( be] to be brew$ f ! same quantity ( malt rema9 unalt]$1 & ) v little v>iation & tr\ble1 :5 ! copp]s employ$1 by be+ *ang$1 are ( diff]5t dim5sions4 ,! be/ me?od to "k ! true heat ( cold wat]1 w\ld be to keep a v accurate & di/9ct !rmomet]1 9 ! liquor back2 b z ?is1 9 e place1 is n to be expect$1 & inaccuracies mu/ arise f a *ange 9 ! air1 to prev5t _! consequ5ces 9 practice1 we mu/ h rec\rse to exp]i5ce4 ,?is has taught u t a diff]5ce ( #h degrees1 betwe5 ! actual heat ( ! wat]1 & t f :i* ! brew+ 0 comput$1 w produce1 9 ! fir/ extract1 a diff]5ce ( f\r degrees4 ,mo/ brew]s' copp]s1 ?\gh !y v>y 9 _! dim5sions1 are g5]ally made 9 proportions ne>ly uni=m2 ! effect ( "o in* ( cold wat] m or less1 w !re=e ne>ly answ] alike1 t is1 x w alt] ! heat ( ! tap1 by #d degrees4 ,b ?is w only hold good 9 su* cases1 :]e ! wat] is 9 ! same proportion to ! volume ( ! gri/4 ,9 brew+ br[n be]s1 or port]1 ?ree worts are g5]ally made2 ! extracts !re=e mu/ be ( diff]5t l5g?s f :at !y are 9 be]s brew$ at two worts only4 ,9 ?is case1 ! quantity ( wat] = ! fir/ wort1 is less ?an x o!rwise w\ld be2 & :at mu/ be all[$ = ! fir/ ma%1 to wet ! malt1 is s mu* z to occasion ! second1 or piece liquor1 to be proportionably less also2 z x is ( great consequ5ce1 if ! fir/ tap do? n answ] to its prop] degree1 t ! second %\ld be br\ght to su* a heat1 z to make up ! m$ium ( ! fir/ & second extracts1 ! second1 or piece liquor1 by reason ( its %ortness1 is m conv5i5tly1 & m exactly temp]$ 9 ! little copp]2 & "o in* cool+ 91 is 9 ?is case f\nd1 bo? by calculation & exp]i5ce1 to occasion a diff]5ce ( "o degree ( heat only 9 ! ma%4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal att5tions1 9 =m+ be]s & ales ( any sort :atev]1 is t !y may come to _! mo/ p]fect /ate1 at ! "t !y are int5d$ to be us$4 ,common small be] is requir$ to be 9 ord]1 f "o to f\r weeks1 & z x is impossible to prejudge ! accid5tal v>iations1 z to heat & cold1 t may happ5 9 any "o season ( ! ye>1 x is rational to act up to :at a long exp]i5ce has %[n1 is to be expect$1 & to mix su* quantity ( cold wat] ) t1 :i* is made to come to ebullition1 z to br+ ! extract to ! degree fix$ = ea* p>ticul> season1 let ! heat1 at ! "t ( brew+1 v>y !refrom1 9 any degree :atev]4 ,9 treat+ on ! subject ( air1 9 ! =m] "p ( ?is "w1 ,i obs]v$ ! effect x _h 9 p5etrat+ ! p>ts ( ! malt1 or 9 ! te*nical t]m us$ by brew]s1 9 slack+ x4 ,z su* is ! case1 :5 ! gra9 is entire & :ole1 x is m s :5 gr\nd1 & exp]i5ce tea*es u1 t1 :5 malt has be5 ab\t #bd h\rs f ! mill1 ! dampness x has imbib$ is equal to half an in* m ( cold wat] add$ to t :i* is to be made to boil = ! fir/ liquor1 & produces !re=e a dim9ution ( #d degrees 9 ! heat ( ! tap#aa4 ,an effect1 some:at resembl+ ?is1 is caus$ by ! impression ( ! air on ! ut5sils ( a bre:\se1 :i* are n daily us$2 ! heat receiv$ f a =ego+ process has exp&$ _! pores1 & r5d]$ !m m susceptible ( cold & moi/ure4 ,f ?is circum/ance1 ! heat ( ! fir/ ma% w be affect$ 9 a proportion equal to half an in* less cool+ 91 or 9 ! space ( #bd h\rs1 to #d degrees ( heat4 ,! "t ( ! day1 9 :i* ! fir/ extract is made1 becomes ano!r consid]ation2 = z #h o'clock 9 ! morn+ is ! "t ( ! m$ium heat 9 ! :ole #bd h\rs1 ! o!r h\rs w give diff]5t degrees4 ,:5 a fir/ ma% is made ab\t #d o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ! foll[+ table %ews ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! heat at #d & #h2 t ( ! o!r h\rs1 9 ! l case1 may be le>n$ by obs]vation4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t1 9 ! cold mon?s1 f ! sun's p[] be+ less1 ! heat ( ! day & night are m uni=m1 & also t ! colde/ "p ( ! #bd h\rs is ab\t half an h\r1 or an h\r be=e sun-ris+4 ,i h judg$ x conv5i5t to place1 9 ! same table1 ! sev]al incid5ts affect+ ! fir/ extract4 ,,incid5ts occasion$ by ! air affect+ ! heat ( ! fir/ extract1 to be notic$ m p>ticul>ly1 :5 small be] is brew$1 z ! quantity ( wat] is !n greate/1 & ! ma% m susceptible ( its impressions4 ,morn+ at #d o'clock99 ,janu>y #j ,ut5sils1 = want ( be+ us$1 9 #bd h\rs ,febru>y #j lose #d degrees ( heat1 equal to half an in* ( ,m>*4 #b cold wat]4 ,malt1 :i* has be5 ,april #d gr\nd #bd h\rs1 imbibes moi/ure equival5t ,may #f to half an in*1 :i* less5s ! heat ,june #h by #d degrees4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,july #aj ! actual heat ( ! air1 & t naturally ,augu/ #h expect$ is to be all[$ 9 proportion ( ,septemb] #f #h degrees to "o in* cool+ 94 ,octob] #d ,malts1 f hav+ be5 long kept1 or old1 ,novemb] #b become consid]ably slack$4 ,decemb] #j 99 ,cold] by s _m degrees ?an at eight o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,be=e we quit ?is subject1 x may n be improp] to obs]ve1 t1 9 ! hotte/ season1 & 9 ! hotte/ "p ( ! day1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! heat ( ! air 9 ! %ade1 & t 9 ! sun's beams 9 & ab\t ,london1 is ne>ly #af degrees1 & also t cell>s or repositories = be]s1 are1 9 w9t]1 g5]ally hott] by t5 degrees1 ?an ! ext]nal air2 & 9 summ]1 cold]1 by five4 ,,section ,,ii4 ,,( ,,gr9d+4 ,malt mu/ be gr\nd1 9 ord] to facilitate ! action ( ! wat] on ! gra91 :i* o!rwise w\ld be ob/ruct$ by ! outw>d sk9s4 ,e corn %\ld be cut1 b n r$uc$ to a fl\r or meal1 =1 9 ?is /ate1 ! gri/ w\ld n be easily p5etrable4 ,x is !re=e suffici5t t e gra9 be divid$ into two or ?ree p>ts1 nor is !re any necessity = v>y+ ?is1 = "o sort ( dr9k m ?an ano!r4 ,9 e brew+ ! int5tion ( gr9d+ is ! same2 & ! transp>5cy ( ! liquor1 m5tion$ by "s on ?is occasion1 dep5ds1 by no means1 on ! cut ( ! corn4 ,x has be5 a "q1 :e!r ! motion ( ! mill did n communicate "s heat to ! malt2 %\ld ?is be ! case1 x c be b 9 a v small degree2 &1 :at may arise f h5ce1 w be lo/ by %oot+ ! gra9 out ( ! sacks1 or uncas+ ! gri/ into ! ma% ton4 ,( late ye>s x has be5 recomm5d$1 in/ead ( gr9d+ ! malt1 to bruise x betwe5 two iron cyl9d]s3 if1 by ?is means1 "s ( ! f9e mealy p>ts are prev5t$ f be+ lo/ 9 air1 x mu/ be v inconsid]able1 &1 p]haps1 n equal to ! disadvantage ( ! wat] n com+ 9 imm$iate contact ) ! fl\r ( ! gra94 ,9 brew+1 n all1 b only a c]ta9 portion ( ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! malt are requisite2 ^!1 heat$ wat] alone is suffici5t to procure1 s t1 ^u ! :ole1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 bruis+ & gr9d+ ! gra9 c be ( no great consequ5ce4 ,we h be=e obs]v$1 malt1 by be+ gr\nd & expos$ = "s "t to ! air1 m readily imbibes moi/ure ?an :5 :ole1 & ! dampness1 ?us absorb$1 be+ 9 reality s mu* cold wat]1 a gri/1 t has be5 long gr\nd1 is capable ( be+ impress$ ) hott] wat]s ?an o!rwise x w\ld require4 ,9 c\ntry places1 :]e ! quantity brew$ consi/s only ( a few bu%els ( malt1 & make s small a volume z to be incapable to ma9ta9 an uni=m heat1 :]e ! p are ignorant1 t a c]ta9 degree is necess>y to =m a prop] extract )2 & :]e1 in/ead ( ?is1 boil+ wat] is indiff]5tly appli$1 ! effects ( ^! errors are 9 "s measure prev5t$1 by gr9d+ ! malts a consid]able "t1 z a mon? or six weeks be=e ! brew+1 & by ! excess ( fire readily escap+ f s small a quantity4 ,?is me?od1 f ! incon/ant /ate ( ! air1 & f ! impossibility ( act+ up to rule1 mu/ be v unc]ta9 & =tuit\s1 s t few or no argum5ts are necess>y to explode x4 ,! tru? is1 ! m]it ( c\ntry ales1 s (t5 m5tion$1 proce$s f ! =be>+ to use ! dr9k1 b :5 x is 9 ! fitte/ /ate4 ,?us "t n only corrects ! errors ( ! op]ators1 b also gives !m1 9 ! eyes ( ! consum]s1 ! cr$it ( an extraord9>y k & unm]it$ ability4 ,,section ,,iii4 ,,( ,,extraction4 ,fire impress$ on malt1 ei!r ?r\gh air or wat]1 x is true1 has simil> effects z to pres]vation1 b ! fact is n ! same z to ta/e3 ! sweet1 ! burnt flavor1 or ! proportion ( bo?1 ! malt orig9ally _h1 s5sibly appe> 9 ! extracts2 b wat] heat$ to excess w n1 9 extract+ pale malt1 communicate to ! worts an empyreumatic ta/e2 :e!r ?is proce$s f "s acid p>ts1 /ill resid+ 9 ! heat$ wat]s1 :i* might help ! att5uat$ oils to t5d t[>ds a sweet1 or f o!r reasons1 is n easily det]m9able2 c]ta9 x is1 ! f\ndation ( ta/e 9 malt liquors is 9 ! malt itself4 ,! basis ( all w9es is a sweet3 ?is circum/ance = brew+ be]s agreeable to ! palate mu/ always be att5d$ to4 ,next to ?is1 x is requir$ t ! liquor %\ld possess all ! /r5g?1 x c fitt+ly be made susceptible (4 ,pale malt1 z x reta9s ! :ole virtue ( ! gra91 yields ! /ronge/ be]s4 ,! f9e/ oils be+ fitte/ = f]m5tation1 malt dri$ by fi]ce heats1 9 a great measure loses ^!1 & :at rema9s are n only co>s] oils1 less miscible ) wat]1 b su* z br+ ) !m ! impress$ ta/e ( fire4 ,to answ] ! purposes ( ta/e1 /r5g?1 & pres]vation1 f :at has be5 said x appe>s1 t ! extract+ wat] mu/ be ( a heat sup]ior to t :i* dri$ ! malt2 no o!r rule appe>s to direct 9 ?is1 ?an to make *oice ( malt ( su* dryness1 ! delicacy ( :i* has n be5 remov$ by fire1 & su* z w1 at ! same "t1 admit ( a suffici5t numb] ( sup]ior degrees ( heat1 to extract all its f]m5table p>ts2 t is 7see page #abd7 malt ^: dryness is ne>ly #ai degrees less ?an ! mean ( ! dry+ & extract+ heats applicable to ! purpose int5d$4 ,z #aai degrees1 ! fir/ heat =m+ pale malt1 & at :i* x possesses ! :ole ( its sweetness & virtues1 may be said to be ! l[e/ degree ( dryness 9 ! gra9 to =m keep+ be]s )1 s #ach degrees1 above :i* ! native :it5ess ( ! gra9 is s subdu$1 z to rema9 b 9 a v small proportion1 is ! highe/ dri$ malt fit to be us$ = any purpose2 f ^! premises ! foll[+ table is =m$1 to %ew ! degree ( dryness ( malt1 :]e ta/e & /r5g? are equally consult$1 to brew dr9ks capable ( keep+ !mselves s\nd a long "t1 at any m$ium requir$4 ,! prop] *oice ( malt ,i ?\ght necess>y to po9t out1 previ\s to ent]+ m at l>ge on ! subject ( extraction4 ,?is table1 x mu/ be obs]v$1 is 9 no wise directive = brew+ common small be]1 soon to be exp5d$1 t liquor dep5d+ on _m o!r circum/ances1 ( :i* notice w be tak5 imm$iately "u t head4 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ! prop] dryness ( ,malt1 applicable to ! mean ( ! dry+ & extract+ heats "u :i* keep+ malt liquors %\ld be =m$4 ,mean degrees ( dryness ( malt ,color ( malt express$ & heat ( extracts4 9 degrees4 #ach #aai #adj #aba #adb #abc #add #abe #adf #abg #adh #acj #aej #acb #aeb #acd #aee #acf #aeg #ach ,! subject to be resolv$ hav+ be5 exam9$ z to its dryness1 we n[ come to ! imm$iate matt] = :i* ?is section 0 int5d$4 ,extraction is a solution ( "p1 or ! :ole1 ( a body1 made by means ( a m5/ruum4 ,9 brew+1 x is *iefly ! mealy sub/ance ( ! gra9 t is requir$ to be resolv$2 fire & wat] comb9$ are suffici5t to p]=m ?is act4 ,wat] prop]ly is ! receptacle ( ! p>ts dissolv$1 & fire ! p[]1 :i* conveys into x a great] or less proportion ( !m4 ,:5 all ! p>ts necess>y to =m a v9\s liquor are n employ$1 or :5 m ?an are requir$ = ?is purpose are extract$1 ! liquors mu/ v>y 9 _! con/itu5t p>ts1 & consequ5tly be diff]5t 9 _! effects4 ,?is diff]5ce arises ei!r f heat alone1 or f ! mann] ( apply+ x2 & ! prop]ties ( be]s & ales w admit ( z _m v>ieties z may be suppos$ 9 ! quantity ( ! heat1 & 9 its application4 ,b z ! useful diff]5ces are alone necess>y to ! brew]1 !y may be r$uc$ to ! f\r foll[+ modes ( extraction4 ,fir/1 t :i* is mo/ p]fect1 & = :i* malt is *ose ( su* dryness1 9 :i* x ) c]ta9ty possesses ! :ole ( its con/itu5t p>ts1 & ! extracts are made ) su* heats1 z to give ! be] an opportunity to be improv$ by "t1 & to become ( itself f9e & transp>5t4 ,secondly1 t f :i*1 9 ord] to obta9 e advantage ( "t1 /r5g?1 & flavor1 su* extracts are produc$ z _c become pellucid ( !mselves1 b require precipitation4 ,?irdly1 t :i* is int5d$ soon to become int5se1 :]e s\ndness & transp>5cy are = "s %ort "t expect$1 b n always obta9$1 because brew$ 9 e season ( ! ye>1 & depriv$ ( ! advantages :i* age & bett] managem5ts procure to ! fir/4 ,f\r?ly1 t :]e ! advantages ( /r5g? & pellucidity are to be procur$ 9 a v %ort space4 ,^! f\r modes ( resolv+ ! gra91 be+ ! fundam5tal elem5ts on :i* almo/ e specie ( dr9k is brew$1 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 ! two fir/ may be said to be an exact imitation ( natural w9es1 9 =m+ :i*1 ! pr9ciples we h laid d[n may fully be appli$4 ,! ?ird is ! effect ( necessity1 by :i* we are depriv$ ( t "t nature directs = prop]ly produc+ f]m5t$ liquors1 & :]e we are subject$ to _m disadvantage\s circum/ances2 to gu>d aga9/ ! consequ5ces ( :i*1 we mu/ rely1 9 "s measure1 ^u op9ion =m$ f obs]vation alone2 & ! f\r? may be said to be art too precipitately c>ri$ on4 ,be=e ,i treat ( !m sep>ately1 x is requisite to m5tion a few g5]al rules applicable to all4 ,9 ! enquiry we made ( ! means :i* nature employs to =m ! juices ( grapes1 we f\nd two rem>kable circum/ances3 ! fir/1 a necess>y less] heat = ! production ( ! fruit1 & ! second1 a mu* great] = its maturation2 ! =m] useful to incl9e ! mu/ to f]m5tation1 ! latt] to raise !re9 su* oils z %\ld ma9ta9 x = "s "t 9 a s\nd /ate4 ,b 9 all w9es1 an ev5ness ( ta/e is requisite to affect ! palate ) an elegant s5sation2 & x may be obs]v$1 ! autumn & spr+ heats be+ ne>ly equal2 s ! fir/ juices ( grapes are =m$ by almo/1 uni=m impressions2 ! summ] heats1 ?\gh /rong]1 act ^u ! same pr9ciple2 = ?\gh ! grapes rema9 ^u ! v9e "s "p ( ! autumn1 p]haps 9 ?is space !y ga9 little m ?an ! juices prep>$ by ! summ]'s sun3 f :5ce ! ta/es ( w9e are m simple ?an o!rwise !y w\ld be4 ,?us are we direct$1 t a fir/ wort %all h ! lea/ %>e ( heat ( ! :ole brew+1 & ! la/ wort ! greate/2 int]m$iate worts2 if any2 mu/ be proportion$ to bo?1 & if sev]al ma%es ( extracts are made to compose a wort1 ^! mu/ be equal z to _! heat1 be+ c>eful at ! same "t to pres]ve to ! process ! m$ium heat :i* is to gov]n ! :ole4 ,by ?is means1 we %all obta9 our int5d$ purpose2 & place into ! dr9k "o & ! same smoo? ta/e4 ,9 ! table#ab %ew+ ! diff]5t effects produc$ 9 ! gra9 by ! diff]5t degrees ( heat1 ! numb]s1 ) respect to be]s1 express1 n only ! mean ( ! degrees ( dryness ! malt _h1 ) ^? also ( heat 9 ! extract+ liquors1 b also is impli$ ! p[] communicat$ by ! hops1 t is1 x imp>ts to u1 ! idea ( ! :ole comb9ation4 ,z malt liquors are made ) diff]5t views1 s mu/ ! pr9ciples on :i* !y are =m$ be v>i$4 ,be]s int5d$ long to be kept1 require m heat 9 _! extracts1 9 ord] to produce su* oils1 or s _m 9 quantity f ! gra91 z %all ret>d & delay ! quick effects ( f]m5tation2 & malt liquors1 :i* are soon to be br\ght into use1 claim an opposite managem5t4 ,?is is imitat+ nature1 = we h be=e obs]v$#ac1 ! hott] ! autumnal1 ! v]nal & maturat+ heats are1 ) m p[] d ! w9es resi/ ! impressions ( "t & ! air2 & we trac$ ! rule :i* gov]n$ ?is v>iety1 by an enquiry into ! numb] ( degrees requir$ to =m ! juices ( grapes1 & appli$ _! numb] to discov] ! fir/ & la/ heats !y 7 impress$ )4 ,9 calculations to f9d out ! heat to be giv5 to wat] prop]ly to resolve ! malt1 ! same me?od mu/ be foll[$1 x be+ equally necess>y "h to employ only su* a proportion ( ! numb] ( degrees :i* con/itute ! :ole ( ! f]m5table pr9ciples 9 malt t are ne$ful to ! purpose we w\ld answ]4 ,we h said malts cont9ue 9 possession ( all _! con/itu5t p>ts f _! fir/ degree ( dryness1 #aai to #abi4 ,by age alone be]s obta9 spontane\s pellucidity1 :5 urg$ 9 ! :ole ( _! process ) a heat s great z #ach degrees1 precipitation or art ext5ds x to ne> #aeg degrees1 aft] :i* nei!r ! acid p>ts furni%$ by ! air1 nor art avails3 an ob/9ate f\lness is ! result2 f :5ce x may be conclud$1 t at or beyond ?is heat1 s great a "p ( ! f]m5table pr9ciples is disp]s$1 z :at rema9s 9 ! gra9 has n p[] suffici5t to produce transp>5cy4 ,! foll[+ table1 f\nd$ on ^! pr9ciples1 w h]eaft] be f\nd directive to fix ! fir/ & la/ heats to be giv5 to ! extracts ( malt4 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ! quantity ( f]m5table pr9ciples resid+ 9 malts at _! sev]al degrees ( dryness1 or1 ! numb] ( con/itu5t p>ts :i* =m be]s 9 proportion to _! prop]ties#ad1 specifi$ 9 degrees1 & to be us$ 9 calculations1 made to asc]ta9 ! prop] heats to be giv5 to ! fir/ & la/ extracts ( malt4 ,mean degrees ( heat ,con/itu5t affect+ malt4 p>ts4 #aai #aj #abd #i #abi #h #acd #g #ach #g #adc #f #adh #e #aeb #e #aeg #d #afb #c #afg #b #aga #a #age #j ,?\gh be]s & ales are divid$ into /rong & small1 ?is division reg>ds only ! proportion ( ! vehicle1 & n t ( ! con/itu5t p>ts4 ,! same means1 z to ! heat ( ! extracts1 mu/ be employ$1 to =m small be]s1 capable ( pres]v+ !mselves s\nd = "s "t1 z are us$ to make /rong dr9ks3 = ?\gh a small liquor possesses m aque\s p>ts1 ! oils & salts ( ! malt are only m dilut$1 n alt]$ 9 _! proportions1 & ?is causes b a v small diff]5ce 9 ! duration ( ! liquor4 ,x n[ rema9s to apply ^! rules1 d$uc$ f ! !ory1 to ! sev]al sorts ( malt liquors1 :i* answ] to ! f\r modes ( extraction1 j be=e laid d[n4 ,! fir/ & mo/ p]fect is1 :5 ! malt is *os5 ( su* dryness1 & ! extracts made ) su* heats1 z give ! be]s an opportunity ( be+ improv$ by "t1 & sl[ f]m5tations1 to become spontane\sly bright & transp>5t4 ,"u ?is head1 may be compreh5d$ all pale keep+ /rong1 & all pale keep+ small be]s4 ,f its "n1 reg>d mu/ be _h to ! color ( ! malt1 & su* only us$1 z is dri$ ! lea/1 or by #aaiae degrees ( heat4 ,! hops %\ld likewise be pale1 & _! quantity us$ 9 proportion to ! "t ! dr9k is int5d$ to be kept2 suppose1 9 ?is case1 x is #aj mon?s1 #ajlb4 ( f9e hops1 = e qu>t] ( malt1 w be requir$4 ,! highe/ degree ( heat1 or r ! m$ium ( ! highe/ dryness 9 malt1 ) ! mean heat ( ! sev]al extractions1 to admit ( spontane\s pellucidity1 we h se5 9 ! =ego+ table 7page #abd7 to be #ach degrees1 & ?is m$ium is *os51 z x answ]s n only ! int5t ( long keep+1 b ( brightness also4 ,f ! m$ium degree ( ! malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( ! extracts1 to det]m9e ! heat ( ! fir/ & ! la/ extract1 & ! value 9 degrees ( ! quantity ( hops to be us$1 = brew+ pale /rong & pale small be]s1 int5d$ to be kept ab\t t5 mon?s be=e !y are us$1 & expect$ to become self-transp>5t4 #aai ,malt's dryness4 ----- #ach ,mean ( malt's dryness1 heat ( extracts1 & value ( hops4 #c ,degrees1 value ( #aj lb4 ( hops4 ----- #ace ,mean ( malt's dryness & heat ( extracts4 ,= ! fir/ liquor4 #ace ,z be=e4 #c-a_/b ,half ! numb] ( ! con/itu5t degrees1 answ]able to #ach degrees1 ! mean heat ( ! :ole process1 to be subtract$#af4 ------- #aca-a_/b ,degrees gov]n+ ! fir/ extracts4 ------- #aai ,malt's dryness4 #add ,fir/ rule to discov] ! heat ( ! fir/ extract4 ------- #bfc ------- #aca-a_/b ,z above4 ------- ,= ! la/ liquor4 #ace ,z be=e4 #c-a_/b ,half ! numb] ( ! con/itu5t degrees1 to be ------- add$1 to f9d #ach-a_/b ,! degrees gov]n+ ! la/ extract4 ------- #aai ,malt's dryness4 #aeh ,fir/ rule to discov] ! heat ( la/ ma%4 ------- #bgg ------- #ach-a_/b ,z above4 ------- ,! elem5ts = =m+ pale /rong & pale small be]s1 int5d$ to be kept1 are !re=e z foll[s3 ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,fir/ ,la/ dryness4 hops4 m$ium4 heat4 heat4 #aai #c #ach #add #aeh #b #b heat lo/ at ! "t ! extract sep>ates f ! gri/4 ,! pro( ( ?is is z foll[s3 #add ,heat ( ! fir/ extract4 #aeh ,heat ( la/ extract4 ------- #cjb ------- #aea ,mean heat ( extracts4 #aai ,malt's dryness4 ------- #bgj ------- #ace ,mean heat ( ,malt's dryness1 & ( heat ( extracts4 #c ,value ( hops4 ------- #ach ,:ole mean giv5 z above4 ------- ,x is necess>y to add #b degrees to ! heat ( e ma%1 su* be+ ! mean ( #d degrees1 con/antly lo/ 9 e extract1 at ! "t !y are sep>at$ f ! gri/1 & expos$ to ! impressions ( ! air4 ,! second mode ( extraction is1 t1 9 :i* e advantage :i* c be procur$ f ! corn1 f art1 & f "t is expect$2 ?is produces su* dr9ks1 z _c become spontane\sly pellucid1 b require ! help ( precipitation4 ,! improvem5t1 :i* e f]m5t$ liquor ga9s by long /&+1 is v consid]able2 ! p>ts ( ! gra91 :i* give _s to ! w9e1 be+1 by repeat$ f]m5tations1 con/antly att5uat$1 n only become m light & pung5t1 b m :olesome4 ,if1 9 ord] to give to be]s m ( ! pres]vative quality1 great] quantities ( oils are extract$1 9 proportion to ! salts1 transp>5cy _c take place2 b1 :5 ! heat employ$ = ?is purpose does n exce$ c]ta9 limits1 ?is defect may easily be rem$i$1 & ! dr9k be f9$ by precipitation2 z "t enables x to take up "p ( ! v oils1 :i* at fir/ prev5t$ its transp>5cy1 x w1 by long /&+1 & by precipitation1 become bo? bright] & /rong]4 ,:]e ! dem& = a liquor is con/ant & consid]able1 b ! quantity requir$ n absolutely c]ta91 x ought to be brew$ 9 su* mann] t "t may increase its m]it1 & precipitation r5d] x almo/ imm$iately ready = use4 ,^! circum/ances di/+ui% ?is class ( extraction1 & ju/ify ! pref]5ce giv5 to port] or br[n be]1 :i* comes "u ! mode we are n[ treat+ (4 ,?\gh transp>5cy 9 be]s is a sure sign ( ! salts & oils be+ 9 an exact proportion1 x is 9 no wise a pro( ( ! ju/ness ( ta/e3 = /rong salts act+ on /rong oils may produce pellucidity1 b ! delicacy & pung5cy ( ta/e1 dep5d on ! f9] oils & ! *oice/ salts be+ :olly pres]v$1 ^! be/ admitt+ ( f]m5tation1 & mo/ p]fectly becom+ miscible ) ! liquor1 ! m volatile oils & salts ( ! gra9 if exclud$1 by ! malt be+ too high dri$1 ! consequ5ce 9 ! be] mu/ be1 an heavy & rancid ta/e4 ,! less dri$ ! malts are1 :i* are brew$ = be]s to be long kept1 ! hott] are ! extracts requir$ to be1 b ?is great] heat be+ communicat$ to ! gra9 ?r\gh wat]1 an elem5t eight hundr$ times m d5se ?an air1 ! f9] p>ts ( ! corn1 ?\gh act$ ^u by an heat :i* 9 air w\ld disp]se !m1 by ?is means are reta9$4 ,x appe>s1 by ! table 7page #abd7 t dr9ks brew$ f malts1 affect$ by heats1 ^: m$ium is #adh degrees1 & ) twelve p\nds ( hops to e qu>t] ( malt1 require f #f to #ab mon?s ) precipitation to become bright2 ?is is ! age g5]ally appo9t$ = br[n be]s to be drank at1 & by ! table1 page #acc1 we f9d ! prop] malts :]e ! m$ium heat ( ! :ole process is #adh degrees1 mu/ be su* z h be5 dri$ ) #acj degrees to =m ?is liquor1 ^: color z yet is expect$ to be full or br[n1 )\t be+ depriv$ ( m valuable qualifications4 ,9 ! dr9k be=e exam9$1 ! numb] ( degrees :i* con/itute ! prop]ties ( malt1 affect$ by a mean heat ( #ach or #g degrees1 7 employ$1 !y be+ int5d$ to become1 9 "t1 spontane\sly bright2 b1 z ?is quality 9 ! pres5t case is requir$ only ) ! assi/ance ( precipitation1 ! numb] #e1 9 ! table1 %ew+ ! con/itu5t p>ts rema9+ 9 ! gra9 at e degree ( dryness1 7page #afh7 z ?is corresponds to ! m$ium #adh1 is und\bt$ly t :i* mu/ answ] our purpose1 bo? z to ! nature & to ! "t ?is liquor is 9 g5]al made use (4 ,^! conditions be+ premis$1 ! prop] degrees ( ! fir/ & la/ extract = port] w be f\nd by ! same rules z 7 us$ be=e4 #acj ,degrees1 malt's dryness4 ------- #adh ,degrees1 :ole m$ium int5d$4 ------- #d ,degrees1 value ( hops1 fractions omitt$4 ------- #add ,mean ( malt's dryness & heat ( extracts4 ------- ,= ! fir/ extract4 #add ,z be=e4 #b-a_/b ,half ! numb] ( ! con/itu5t degrees to be d$uct$4 ------- #ada-a_/b ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( ! fir/ extract4 ------- #acj ,malt's ,dryness4 #aec ,rule to discov] ! fir/ heat4 ------- #bhc ------- #ada-a_/b ,z above4 ,= ! la/ extract4 #add ,z be=e4 #b-a_/b ,half ! numb] ( ! con/itu5t degrees to be add$4 ------- #adf-a_/b ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( ! la/ extract4 ------- #acj ,malt's dryness4 #afc ,rule to discov] ! la/ heat4 ------- #bic ------- #adf-a_/b ,z above4 ,! elem5ts = brew+ br[n /rong be]s1 ) two degrees add$ to ! fir/ & la/ extracts1 = :at is lo/ at _! p>t+ f ! malt1 indep5d5t ( its f>!r division into ! respective ma%es4 ,malt's ,value ( ,m$ium heat ( ! ,fir/ ,la/ dryness4 hops4 extracts1 malt's heat4 heat4 heat4 dryness1 & value ( hops4 #acj #d #adh #aee #afe ,br[n be]s1 brew$ ) malt s l[ dri$ z #acj degrees1 tw5ty ye>s s9ce1 w\ld h appe>$ v extraord9>y1 & mo/ likely1 at t "t1 :5 a heav9ess & blackness 9 ! dr9k =m$ its pr9cipal m]it1 w\ld h be5 a suffici5t reason to condemn ! practice2 b /r5g? & elegance be+ n[ m att5d$ to1 h ju/ifi$ ! brew]1 9 mak+ port]1 to employ malt ( su* degree ( dryness1 z he %all ?9k w be/ answ] ^! purposes4 ,z high liquors us$ to extract l[ dri$ malt w =m a mu/ capable to pres]ve itself equally a long "t1 z an adequate liquor us$ to high dri$ malt do?2 & ! fir/ ( ^! me?ods hav+ greatly ! advantage ( ! o!r 9 po9t ( ta/e1 z #acj degrees ( dryness 9 malt is "o1 f its *ange ( color1 :]e "p ( its f9] pr9ciples may be suppos$ to be evaporat$4 ,x may n be amiss to enquire if !re be n reasons :y malt1 less affect$ by fire1 %\ld be us$ = manufactur+ ?is commodity4 ,! m$ium ( ! malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( ! extracts1 toge!r ) ! value ( ! hops :i* are to make port]1 is #adh degrees4 ,?is1 because precipitation has be5 f\nd conv5i5t & necess>y = ?is dr9k1 yet1 :5 at ! prop] age1 x has und]gone ?is la/ op]ation1 x is suppos$ to %ew itself 9 its be/ =m2 bright1 well-ta/$1 & /rong2 t is1 9 su* /ate z dr9k %\ld be1 :i* becomes spontane\sly transp>5t1 & is capable ( pres]v+ itself a long "t1 if f #adh degrees4 ,! value ( ! oils yield$ by ! hops 7,see page #ahj7 is d$uct$1 #d degrees4 --- ,w rema91 #add ,& by table 7page #afb7 we f9d a mu/ "u ! mean ( #add degrees %\ld be =m$ ) malt dri$ to #abe degrees1 ) ?is circum/ance ! elem5ts ( brew+ port] w be z foll[s4 #abe ,malt's dryness4 ---- #adh ,degrees1 :ole m$ium int5d$4 #d ,value ( hops4 ---- #add ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & heat ( extracts4 ,= ! fir/ extract4 #add ,z be=e4 ------- #b-a_/b ,half ! numb] ( con/itu5t p>ts1 to be d$uct$4 ------- #ada-a_/b ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( ! fir/ extract4 ------- #abe ,malt's dryness4 #aeh ,rule to discov] ! fir/ heat4 ------- #bhc ------- #ada-a_/b ,z above4 ,= ! la/ extract4 #add ,z be=e4 #b-a_/b ,half ! numb] ( con/itu5t p>ts1 to be add$4 ------- #adf-a_/b ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( ! la/ extract4 ------- #abe ,malt's dryness4 #afh ,rule to discov] ! la/ heat4 ------- #bic ------- #adf-a_/b ,z above4 ,elem5ts = brew+ port] ) malt dri$ to #abe degrees1 & two degrees add$ to ! fir/ & to ! la/ extracts1 = :at heat is lo/ at _! p>t+ f ! malt1 b ?is1 indep5d5t ( a f>!r allotm5t ( ?is heat to ! respective ma%es4 ,malt's ,value ,m$ium ( ! heat ( ,fir/ ,la/ dryness4 ( hops4 ! extracts1 malt's ma%4 ma%4 dryness1 & value ( hops4 #abe #d #adh #afj #agj ,:e!r any attempt to improve ?is liquor1 by us+ malt ( less dryness ?an #abe degrees1 may ev] be put 9 practice1 is v unc]ta92 port]1 if brew$ ) malts s l[ z #aai degrees1 probably w\ld succe$2 =1 9 ?is case1 ! la/ ma%1 accord+ to ! =ego+ rules1 w\ld be at ! #agd? degree1 at :i* ! _s ( ! gra9 c\ld n be disp]s$1 & probably ! result w\ld be1 a m delicate1 m /rong1 & m v9\s liquor4 ,x may be obs]v$1 t #d degrees are *>g$ = ! quantity ( hops us$2 z ?is numb] corresponds to ! quantity prop] to =m be] ( ?is d5om9ation4 ,a great] or a less proportion ( hops is sometimes all[$ to ?is dr9k1 on acc\nt ( its bett]1 or inf]ior quality1 ( ! necessity !re may be to r5d] x fit = use 9 a %ort] "t ?an t :i* is commonly all[$--f n9e to twelve mon?s1 &1 la/ly1 ( old1 /ale1 or o!rwise defective dr9ks1 bl5d$1 ) new guiles4 ,9 ^! cases1 :i* _c be too r>e1 ! errors %\ld be correct$ only by ! addition ( hops1 & no alt]ation be made1 ei!r 9 ! dryness ( ! malts1 or 9 ! heat ( ! extracts4 ,! ?ird mode ( extraction is t :i* int5ds spontane\s transp>5cy1 b n a durable liquor4 ,"u ?is head is compreh5d$ common small be]1 soon to be drank4 ,common small be] is suppos$ to be ready = use1 9 w9t]1 f two to six weeks1 & 9 ! heat ( summ]1 f "o week to ?ree4 ,its /r5g? is regulat$ by ! diff]5t prices ( malt & ( hops2 its *ief int5t is to qu5* ?ir/1 & its mo/ ess5tial prop]ties are1 t 9 ! w9t] x %\ld be f9e1 & 9 ! summ] s\nd4 ,?is liquor is *iefly us$ 9 & ab\t great trad+ cities1 su* z ,london1 :]e1 = want ( a suffici5t quantity ( cell> room1 dr9ks _c be /[$1 :i*1 by long & sl[ f]m5tations1 w\ld come to a great] degree ( p]fection4 ,! duration ( ?is k9d ( liquor be+ %ort1 & !re be+ a necessity ( brew+ x 9 e season ( ! ye>1 divid+ x into v small quantities1 easily affect$ 9 its conveyance by ! ext]nal heat3 g5]ally neglect$1 & plac$ 9 repositories influ5c$ by e *ange ( air1 ! incid5ts att5d+ x1 & ! me?ods = c>ry+ on ! process mu/ be m unc]ta91 v>i\s1 & complicat$1 ?an ^? ( any o!r liquor made f malt4 ,! incid5ts att5d+ ?is specie ( malt liquor are s _m1 s %ort ( exi/5ce1 s contr>y to "o ano!r1 & (t5 s diff]5t f :at %\ld be expect$ 9 ! diff]5t p]iods ( ! ye>1 t an attempt to gu>d1 9 a j proportion1 aga9/ e "o ( !m1 & aga9/ :at may happ51 & (t5times does n1 mu/ be fruitless4 ,aft] _m endeav\rs ( ?is sort1 :i* t]m9at$ 9 a d\btful success1 we h f\nd x mo/ eligible to =m ^! dr9ks 9 proportion to ! pr9cipal circum/ances con/antly att5d+ !m1 & ! result 0 m =tunate1 z1 9 g5]al1 ! dr9k 0 able to ma9ta9 itself aga9/ t v>iety ( temp]ature x met ) 9 ! places allott$ to x4 ,9 proportion z x is brew$1 9 a hot or 9 a cold season1 we mu/ employ e means1 ei!r to repel or to attract ! acids circulat+ 9 ! air2 = ?is purpose1 ! degree ( dryness 9 ! malt1 ! quantity ( hops1 ! heat ( ! extracts1 & ! degree ( temp]ature ! wort is suff]$ to f]m5t )1 mu/ v>y z su* seasons d4 ,! success1 9 brew+ common small be]1 greatly dep5ds on its f]m5tation be+ ret>d$ or accel]at$1 9 proportion to ! heat ( ! air1 & expansion be+ ! pr9cipal effect ( heat1 0 a wort ( ?is sort suff]$1 9 w9t]1 to be s cold z #dj degrees1 ! air w\ld1 ) difficulty1 if at all1 p5etrate ! mu/1 or put x 9 action4 ,?is sl[ f]m5tation w\ld n p]mit ! be] to be ready at ! "t requir$4--,= ^! reasons1 brew]s let d[n _! worts1 9 t season1 at #fj degrees1 :]eas1 9 summ]1 ! air ( ! night is made use ( to get !m z cold z possible1 by :i* means a "p ( !m may be #ab degrees cold] ?an ! m$ium ( ! heat ( ! day1 & ! :ole ( ! worts ne>ly #e degrees1 9 ! space ( #bd h\rs4 ,! *oice ( ! malt1 z to its dryness & color1 = brew+ ?is liquor1 %\ld be v>i$ 9 proportion to ! sev]al seasons1 b cu/om requires x %\ld be kept ne>ly to an uni=m color4 ,= ?is reason1 :5 ! air is s cold z ! l[e/ f]m5table degree1 a great] dryness ?an #aai degrees is requir$2 b ! dryness ( malt =m+ only "o "p ( ! process1 ! prop] m$ium direct+ ! :ole mu/ be br\ght to its true degree1 by ! heat giv5 to ! extracts4 ,9 ! height ( summ]1 malt dri$ to #acj degrees seems to be ! be/1 z x unites ! prop]ties ( spe$y read9ess1 pres]vation1 & transp>5cy1 & ^! sev]al *>act]s are1 at t "t1 requisite 9 ?is liquor4 ,to come z ne> z possible to ! incl9ation ( ! consum]s1 or to ma9ta9 z ne> z may be an uni=m color1 if 9 ! hotte/ season malt dri$ to #acj is be/ = ?is purpose1 ! mean betwe5 ?is & #aai1 ! fir/ degree t con/itutes malt1 mu/ answ] ne>e/ e int5t1 :5 ! heat ( ! air is at #dj degrees4 ,^u ?is foot+1 ! foll[+ table w1 f ! proportion ( ^! two extremes1 %ew ! color ( ! gra9 = e season ( ! ye>4 ,heat 9 ! ,malt's ,value ( hops air4 dryness4 9 degrees4 #ce #abb #a #dj #abd #a #de #abe #a #ej #abg #a #ee #abi #a-a_/b #fj #acj #b ,if common small be] 0 imm$iately to be us$ aft] be+ brew$ & f]m5t$1 & x 0 free f ! incid5ts1 mo/ ( :i* we h j n[ enum]at$1 no hops w\ld be requir$1 & ! m$ium degree ( ! :ole process w\ld be t ( ! l[e/ dri$ malt1 #aai1 to be employ$ :5 ! heat ( ! air 0 at its fir/ f]m5table degree1 or #dj1 z1 ) adequate malts1 ?is w\ld make ! liquor t w\ld be ready 9 ! lea/ space1 &1 at ! same "t1 yield its con/itu5t p>ts2 b if small be] 0 int5d$ to be kept "s %ort "t1 brew$ )\t hops1 & n liable to any accid5ts1 & ! process to be c>ri$ ?r\gh1 9 a heat ( air equal to ! highe/ f]m5table degree1 or #hj1 9 ?is case ! gov]n+ m$ium = ! :ole process mu/ be ! utmo/ heat ! gra9 is able to endure1 :]e malt *>rs1 or #age degrees4 ,z malt liquors are pr9cipally affect$ by heat1 we w fir/ proportion ! m$ium heat1 directive ( ea* process1 = e f]m5table degree1 )\t any reg>d _h to any incid5t :atev]1 ,f]m5table ,mean heats to gov]n degrees4 ! processes4 #dj #aai #de #abf #ej #acc #ee #adj #fj #adg #fe #aed #gj #afa #ge #afh #hj #age ,n[ ! pr9cipal heats affect+ common small be]1 ) reg>d to its duration1 are ! degree ( heat "u :i* ! be] is at fir/ f]m5t$1 t ( ! air :5 brew$1 & :5 convey$ f place to place1 & t ( ! cell> :]e x is deposit$2 let u1 9 reg>d to ^! heats1 take ! mean ( ! circum/ances ?is dr9k is liable to1 at ! "t :5 ! air is at ! fir/ f]m5table degree1 & at ! "t :5 ! season is hotte/ 7tak+ = ?is ! m$ium heat ( ! :ole #bd h\rs47 ,hav+ ^! two extremes1 & mak+ a fit all[ance = ! hops employ$1 we %all be able1 f ! above table1 to fix ! m$ium heat t %\ld gov]n ! sev]al processes = mak+ common small be] 9 e season ( ! ye>4 ,i obs]v$1 9 page #ahc1 t :5 ! heat ( ! air is #dj degrees1 brew]s set ! worts ( common small be] to be f]m5t$1 at a heat ( #fj2 add to ?is #aj degrees m heat1 excit$ by ! f]m5table action1 makes #gj ,! heat ( ! air we fix$ = ! fir/ extreme1 0 ! fir/ f]m5table heat1 #dj ,9 page #aef1 we said cell>s 9 w9t] 7 g5]ally t5 degrees hott] ?an ! air1 b we obs]v$1 ^? employ$ = ?is use1 7 ! wor/ ( ! k9d1 subject$ to ext]ior impressions1 or p]haps o!r defects1 = :i* reason we "h set ?is heat only at #df ---- ,divid$ by ! numb] ( circum/ances #c 7 #aef ---- #eb is ! mean ( ! pr9cipal incid5ts affect+ small be] 9 ?is season1 &1 by ! =ego+ table1 ?is degree indicates a m$ium to gov]n ! :ole process #acf1 to :i* mu/ be add$1 = pres]vative effect be/[$ by ! hops us$1 #a degree m1 :i* makes x at ?is heat 9 ! air #acg degrees4 ,:5 ! mean heat ( ! :ole #bd h\rs is #fj degrees1 7see page #aej7 if1 z 9 page #ahc1 by ! advantage ( ! ev5+ & night to cool ! wort1 an abatem5t ( #e degrees is obta9$1 ! :ole ( ! heat is #ee degrees1 add to ?is only #h degrees m1 because at ?is "t ! be] is divid$1 & put 9 casks long be=e ! fir/ f]m5table act is compleat$1 & _! real heat w be ,! m$ium heat ( ! air 9 ! hotte/ season 7page #aej7 #fj ,9 page #aef we say1 ! heat ( ! cell>s 9 summ] "t is g5]ally #e degrees cold] ?an ! ext]ior air1 b ^! be+ ! wor/ ( ! k9d1 may c]ta9ly be ?\ght some:at m expos$1 ?\gh n s mu* affect$ 9 summ] z 9 w9t]1 :5 !re are few] cul9>y fires1 = ?is reason we fix _! heat at #ef --- ,divid$ by ! numb] ( obs]vations #c 7 #agi --- #ei is ! mean ( ^! incid5ts affect+ ! small be] at ?is season1 & by ! =ego+ table x indicates a m$ium heat to gov]n ! :ole process #adf degrees1 to :i*1 if two degrees m be add$1 = ! effect ( ! hops1 7z exp]i5ce tea*es u six p\nds ( hops 9 summ] sc>cely are s p[]ful z ?ree p\nds 9 w9t]7 x w give u = ! mean ( ! heats dry+ ! malt1 ^? impress$ 9 ! extracts1 toge!r ) ! all[ance made = ! hops #adh degrees4 ,spontane\s pellucidity is always expect$ 9 ?is dr9k1 al?\gh ! "t allott$ to ga9 ?is 9 g5]al is mu* too %ort2 to =w>d ?is int5t z f> z possible1 )\t haz>d+ ! s\ndness ( ! dr9k1 9 ! computations to det]m9e ! heats ( ! fir/ & la/ extracts1 ! :ole numb] ( con/itu5t p>ts ( malt or #aj degrees are employ$4 ,hav+ premis$ ^! rules1 ! heats = ! fir/ & la/ extracts are to be f\nd by l op]ations be=e made use (1 an example ( :i* we %all /ate2 & kn[+ ! mean heats requir$ = two di/9ct di/ant processes1 9 proportion to ^! ,i %all =m a table1 = brew+ ?is dr9k 9 e season ( ! ye>4 ,:5 ! air is at #dj1 ! degree ( dryness fix$ = malts to be us$ = common small be] is #abd1 ! quantity ( hops ?ree p\nds p] qu>t]1 ! m$ium ( _! dryness & ! heat ( ! extracts1 toge!r ) ! value ( ! hops add$ !reto1 is #acg degrees4 #abd ,malt's dryness4 #acg ,m$ium int5d$4 #acg #a ,value ( hops4 ---- #acf ,mean ( ,malt's dryness1 & heat ( extracts4 ---- ,= ! fir/ extract4 #acf ,z be=e4 #e ,half ! numb] ( ! :ole con/itu5t degrees1 to be d$uct$4 7,see p4 #afh47 ---- #aca ---- #abd ,malt's dryness4 #ach ,rule to discov] ! fir/ heat4 --- #bfb --- #aca ,z above4 ,= ! la/ extract4 #acf ,z be=e4 #e ,half ! numb] ( ! :ole con/itu5t degrees1 to be add$4 7,see p4 #afh47 --- #ada --- #abd ,malt's dryness4 #aeh ,rule to discov] ! la/ heat4 --- #bhb --- #ada ,z above4 --- ,! pro(4 #ach ,heat ( ! fir/ extract4 #aeh ,heat ( ! la/ extract4 ---- #bif ---- #adh ,mean heat ( extracts4 #abd ,malt's dryness4 ---- #bgb ---- #acf ,mean ( ,malt's dryness & heat ( extracts4 #a ,value ( hops4 ---- #acg ,m$ium int5d$1 z above4 ---- ,! elem5ts = =m+ common small be]1 :5 ! heat ( ! air is at #dj degrees1 indep5d5t ( ! prop] division ( ?is heat1 adequate to ea* ,ma%4 ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,fir/ ,la/ dryness4 hops4 m$ium4 heat4 heat4 #abd #a #acg #ach #aeh #b #b ,! m$ium ( ! heat lo/ 9 ! ma% ton1 am\nt+ to two degrees1 is add$ to ! heat ( ! fir/ & la/ ma%1 9 ! foll[+ table4 ,a ,,table ( ! elem5ts = =m+ common small be]1 at e degree ( heat 9 ! air1 ) ! all[ance ( two degrees ( heat1 9 ! fir/ & la/ extractions4 ,heat ,malt's ,value ( ,m$ium heat ,fir/ ,la/ ( air4 dryness4 hops4 ( ! heat4 heat4 processes4 #ce #abb #a #ace #ach #aeh #dj #abd #a #acg #adj #afj #de #abe #a #adj #ade #afe #ej #abg #a #adc #adi #afi #ee #abi #a-a_/b #adf #aeb #agb #fj #acj #b #adh #aed #agd ,f due obs]vation ( ?is table1 x appe>s1 h[ necess>y x is = brew]s to be acqua9t$1 n only ) ! daily temp]ature ( ! air1 b also ) ! m$ium heat ( su* spaces ( "t1 :]e9 a dr9k l ?is is expect$ to pres]ve itself4 ,?is ,i h e/imat$ = e #ad days2 7page #aej7 b z ! ev5t may n always exactly correspond ) our expectations1 an absolute p]fection 9 ?is dr9k1 z to its transp>5cy & s\ndness1 is n to be expect$4 ,x greatly dep5ds on ! c>e & att5tion giv5 to x1 & on ! temp]ature & quiesc5t /ate ( ! cell>s x is plac$ 94 ,! fir/ ( ^! circum/ances is (t5 neglect$1 & ! o!r h>dly ev] obta9$1 z ! places1 :]e common small be] is kept1 are g5]ally ! wor/ ( ! k9d4 ,9 keep+ be]s1 e circum/ance is assi/ant to =m !m s z to obta9 elegance 9 ta/e1 /r5g?1 & pellucidity1 ei!r spontane\sly or by precipitation1 b 9 common small be]2 f ! %ortness ( its duration2 & f ! _m complicat$ incid5ts t occur2 only ! m$ium ( ! effect ( ^! c be att5d$ to2 :i* gov]n+ m$ium1 9 g5]al1 diff]s s mu* f ^? :i* =m m exact f]m5table proportions1 t 9 ^! extracts1 !re _c be expect$ t ne> resemblance to natural w9es1 :i*1 "u m favorable managem5t1 x is capable (4 ,! f\r? mode ( extraction is t1 :i*1 by convey+ a heat1 equal to :at is practis$ = keep+ pale /rong1 & keep+ pale small be]s1 to ! liquors commonly kn[n by ! names ( pale ale1 amb]1 or twop5ny1 ! s(te/ & ri*e/ ta/e malt c possibly yield1 & :i* makes !m resemble w9es =m$ f grapes rip5$ by ! hotte/ sun1 ?\gh by artfully excit+ p]iodical f]m5tations1 !y are1 9 a v %ort "t1 made to become transp>5t4 ,z w9es h1 9 g5]al1 be5 nam$ f ! t[n or city1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( :i* ! grapes1 f :i* !y are made1 are f\nd gr[+1 ?is has1 ?\gh ) less reason1 be5 ! case1 ) our num]\s class ( s(t be]s & ales4 ,^! topical d5om9ations c inde$ con/itute no real1 at lea/ no consid]able diff]5ce1 s9ce ! bir?-place ( any dr9k is ! lea/ ( all di/9ctions1 :]e ! me?od ( practice1 ! mat]ials employ$1 & ! heat ( ! climate1 are ne>ly ! same4 ,ales are n requir$ to keep a long "t2 s ! hops be/[$ on !m1 ?\gh !y %\ld always be ( ! f9e/ color1 & be/ quality1 are proportionably few] 9 ! w9t] ?an 9 ! summ]4 ,! reason is1 t ! consumption made ( ?is liquor 9 cold wea!r1 is g5]ally = purl#ag1 :]eas1 9 summ]1 z x is long] on draught1 x requires a m pres]vative quality4 ,! prop]ties ( ?is liquor are1 t x %\ld be pale2 its /r5g? & ta/e pr9cipally dep5d on ! malt1 & its transp>5cy %\ld be ! effect ( f]m5tation1 accel]at$ by e means1 :i* w n be hurtful to x4 ,malt capable ( yield+ ! /ronge/ extracts1 is su* ^: dryness does n exce$ #abj degrees2 & #ach we h se5 to be ! highe/ mean ( ! extracts1 & ( ! dryness ( ! malt to admit ( pellucidity1 )\t precipitation2 ! hops us$1 be+ only s _m z are necess>y to resi/ ! heat ( ! seasons ! ale is brew$ 91 may 9 g5]al be e/imat$ 9 value1 "o degree2 f ^! premises1 ! elem5ts = brew+ ?is dr9k1 w be f\nd by ! same rules z be=e1 :]e #aj degrees are suppos$ to be equal to ! :ole ( ! con/itu5t p>ts1 & ! :ole ( ^! are employ$ to accel]ate its com+ to p]fection4 #abj ,degrees ( malt's dryness4 ---- #ach ,degrees1 :ole m$ium int5d$4 #a ,value ( hops4 ---- #acg ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & heat ( extracts4 ,= ! fir/ extract4 #acg ,z be=e4 #e ,half ! numb] ( ! :ole con/itu5t degrees to be d$uct$4 ---- #acb ,mean ( malt's dryness1 & ( ! heat ( fir/ extract4 ---- #abj ,malt's dryness4 #add ,rule to discov] ! fir/ heat4 ---- #bfd ---- #acb ,z above4 ,= ! la/ extract4 #acg ,z be=e4 #e ,half ! numb] ( ! :ole con/itu5t degrees to be add$4 ---- #adb ,mean ( malt's dryness & ( ! heat ( la/ extract4 ---- #abj ,malt's dryness4 #afd ,rule to discov] ! la/ heat ( la/ extract4 ---- #bhd ---- #adb ,z above4 ,! elem5ts = brew+ pale ale or amb]1 ) ! all[ance ( #b degrees = ! heats lo/ 9 ! extracts4 ,malt's ,value ( ,m$ium ( ,heat ( ,heat ( dryness4 hops4 ! :ole4 fir/ ma%4 la/ ma%4 #abj #a #ach #adf #aff ,! "t ?is liquor is int5d$ to be kept1 %\ld entirely be gov]n$ by ! quantity ( hops us$ !re92 = ?is ale be+ requir$ to become spontane\sly f9e1 ! m$ium ( ! :ole1 or #ach degrees1 _c be exce$$4 ,9 & ab\t ,london1 & 9 "s c\nties 9 ,engl&1 ^! ales1 by p]iodical f]m5tations1 are made to become f9e1 soon] ?an naturally !y w\ld d1 & (t51 9 a %ort] "t ?an "o week4 ,! means ( do+ ?is1 by beat+ ! yea/ into ! dr9k1 z x is t]m$1 has by "s be5 greatly blam$1 & ?\ght to be an ill practice4 ,an op9ion t ! yea/ dissolv$ 9 ! dr9k1 & !reby made x un:olesome1 prevail$2 & "s brew]s1 errone\sly l$ by ?is1 & yet will+ t _! commodity %\ld appe> ( equal /r5g? ) su* z _h und]gone repeat$ f]m5tations1 h be5 induc$ to add +r$i5ts to _! worts1 if n ( ! mo/ de/ructive nature1 at lea/ v un:olesome4 ,! pla9 tru? is1 t1 by return+ ! ela/ic air 9 ! f]m5t+ ale1 ! effects ( long keep+ are greatly imitat$1 ?\gh ) less advantage z to flavor & to /r5g?2 b z ?is case relates to f]m5tation1 we %all h h]eaft] an opportunity ( expla9+ x m at l>ge4 ,x is "u ?is class1 t ! fam\s ,burton ale may be rank$1 &1 if ,i d n mi/ake1 x w be f\nd1 t its qualities & intr9sic value w be ! same1 :5 judici\sly brew$ 9 ,london1 or else:]e1 f :5ce x may be export$ at mu* *eap] rates to ,russia & o!r p>ts1 ?an :5 x is increas$ 9 price by a long & *>geable l&-c>riage4 ,:5 dr9ks are made s /rong z ^! g5]ally are1 only two ma%es c take place1 by :i* ! :ole virtue ( ! malt n be+ exp5d$1 small be] is made aft] ^! ales4 ,! pure/ & mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( ! gra9 be+ extract$1 x is n to be expect$1 f an impov]i%$ gri/1 t be]s c be made to possess all _! necess>y con/itu5t p>ts1 or to keep s long1 z :]e fre% malt is us$2 b ! sort ( small be]1 :i* answ]s be/ to ! brew]1 & is mo/ salubri\s = ! consum]1 mu/ be1 by ! addition ( fre% hops1 to =m ! rema9+ /r5g? into keep+ small be]1 ! great] quantity ( hops necess>y to be all[$1 beside ^? boil$ 9 ! ale1 is #b-a_/d p\nds = e b>rel int5d$ to be made4 ,z mu* m wat] mu/ be employ$1 = ?is small be]1 besides its l5g?1 z w /eam away 9 two h\rs boil+1 & #a_/h ( a b>rel p] qu>t] ( malt1 = wa/e4 ,! heat regulat+ ! extract ( small1 w be f\nd by ! foll[+ rule4 #ach ,m$ium heat int5d$ = keep+ small be]4 #b ,value ( hops4 ---- #acf ,mean ( malt's dryness & heat ( extract4 ---- #abj ,malt's dryness4 #aebah;,heat ( ! ma% = keep+ small aft] amb]1 "o ma%1 & "o wort4 ---- #bgb ---- #acf ,z above4 ,all ! hops aft] ^! two brew+s1 z ^? add$ = ! keep+ small be] h be5 boil$ b 9 "o wort1 are 9 value1 = ! next guile ( be]1 equal to #a_/aj ( fre% hops4 ,we %\ld n[ put an end to ?is section1 b1 z o!r dr9ks are brew$ besides ^? "h p>ticul>ly treat$ (1 we %all j m5tion !m1 to %ew h[ _! diff]5t processes are r$ucible to ! rules j laid d[n4 ,br[n ale is a liquor1 ^: l5g? is g5]ally two b>rels f "o qu>t] ( malt1 & :i* is n int5d$ = pres]vation4 ,x is heavy1 ?ick1 foggy1 & !re=e ju/ly gr[n 9 disuse4 ,! hops us$ 9 ?is1 diff] 9 proportion to ! heats ( ! season x is brew$ 91 b are g5]ally ne>ly half ! quantity ( :at is employ$1 at ! same times1 = common small be]4 ,! sy/em x ought to be brew$ ^u is n diff]5t f t ( ?is la/ liquor2 ! m$ium ( ! malt's dryness1 & heat ( ! extracts1 are ! same = ea* degree ( heat 9 ! air1 & x requires ! same managem5t :5 "u f]m5tation4 ,b ?\gh common pale small be] & br[n ale are s mu* alike 9 _! !ory1 yet1 f ! diff]5ce ( ! dryness ( ! malt1 :i*1 = br[n ale1 is con/antly s high z #acj degrees1 ! practice w appe> greatly diff]5t4 ,small be] is made aft] ?is ale1 by ! same rules z t made aft] pale ale or amb]2 ! malt mu/1 9 t case1 be valu$ accord+ to its orig9al dryness1 & ! m$ium gov]n+ ! process be ! same z = small be]1 & z if no extract _h be5 tak5 f ! gra94 ,no small be] brew$ aft] ales c ev] be equal 9 goodness to su* z are brew$ f entire gri/s2 b t :i* is made aft] br[n ale1 f ! gra9 be+ s highly dri$1 & ne>ly exhau/$1 is nei!r n\ri%+ or fit to qu5* ?ir/4 ,br[n /\t is brew$ ) br[n malt1 z amb] is ) pale2 ! sy/em = brew+ ^! liquors is ! same1 all[+ = ! diff]5ce 9 ! dryness ( ! malt4 ,! ov]/r5g? ( ?is dr9k has be5 ! reason ( its be+ discont9u$1 especially s9ce port] or br[n be] has be5 br\ght to a great] p]fection4--,t :i* is brew$ ) an int5t ( be+ long kept1 %\ld be hopp$ 9 proportion to ! "t propos$1 or ! climate x is to be convey$ to4 ,old hock requires ! same proportion ( hops z are us$ 9 keep+ pale /rong1 or keep+ pale small be]2 b m or less1 accord+ to ! "t x is int5d$ to be kept be=e x becomes fit = use4 ,! l5g? is ab\t two b>rels1 f a qu>t] ( ! pale/ & be/ malt4 ,z spontane\s pellucidity is requir$1 its :ole m$ium mu/ n exce$ #ach degrees1 = ! dry+ & extract+ heat4 ,! managem5t ( x1 :5 f]m5t+1 is "u ! same rules ) keep+ small be]1 or ^? :i* are all[$ a due "t to become ( !mselves pellucid4 ,dor*e/] be]s1 bo? /rong & small1 range "u ! same head4 ,!y are brew$ f b>leys well g]m9at$1 b n dri$ to ! d5om9ation ( malt4 ,! rule ( ! :ole #ach degrees = ! gov]n+ m$ium1 mu/1 ev5 ) ?is gra91 be obs]v$ to =m ^! dr9ks2 b1 f ! slackness ( ! malt1 & ! quantities ( salt & :eat5 fl\r mix$ ) ! liquor1 :5 "u f]m5tation1 proce$ its peculi> ta/e1 its mantl+1 & its fro?y prop]ty4 ,,section ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,nature ,,& ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,hops4 ,! con/itu5t p>ts ( malt1 l ^? ( all vegetable sweets1 are s incl9$ to f]m5tation1 t1 :5 once put 9 motion1 x is difficult to ret>d _! progress1 reta9 _! pres]vative qualities1 & prev5t _! becom+ acid4 ,among ! _m means put 9 practice1 to *eck ?is =w>dness ( ! malt1 none promis$ s mu* success z bl5d+ ) ! extracts1 ! juices ( su* vegetables z1 ( !mselves1 are n easily br\ght to f]m5tation4 ,hops 7 select$ = ?is purpose1 & exp]i5ce has confirm$ _! :olesom5ess & efficacy4 ,hops are an aromatic1 grateful bitt]1 endu$ ) an au/]e & a/r+5t quality1 & gu>d$ by a /rong res9\s oil4 ,! aromatic p>ts are volatile1 & dis5gage !mselves f ! plant ) a small heat4 ,to pres]ve !m1 9 ! processes ( brew+1 ! hops %\ld be put into ! copp] z soon z possible1 & be ?or\ghly wett$ ) ! fir/ extract1 :ile ! heat ( ! wort is at ! lea/1 & ! fire "u ! copp] has little or no effect !reon4 ,:oev] w be at ! tr\ble to see ?is p]=m$1 by ! means ( rakes1 or o!rwise1 w be made s5sible1 t flavor is reta9$1 :i*1 :5 ! wort comes to boil1 is o!rwise con/antly dissipat$ 9 ! air4 ,! bitt] is ( a middle nature1 or semivolatile3 x requires m fire to extract x1 ?an ! aromatic "p1 b n s mu* z ! au/]e or a/r+5t4 ,h5ce x is pla91 t ! pr9cipal virtues ( ?is plant are be/ obta9$ by decoction1 ! au/]e p>ts n exhibit+ !mselves1 b :5 urg$ by s viol5t & long cont9u$ boil+1 z is seldom1 or nev] practis$ 9 ! brew]y4 ,x w\ld be greatly satisfactory to fix1 f exp]im5ts1 ! degrees ( heat1 t fir/ disp]se ! aromatic1 next ! bitt]1 & la/ly ! au/]e p>ts2 z x is likely1 by ?is means1 a m easy & c]ta9 me?od ( judg+ ( ! true value & condition ( hops1 ?an any yet kn[n1 might be discov]$4 ,?is vegetable is s f> f be+1 by itself1 capable ( a regul> & p]fect f]m5tation1 t1 on ! contr>y1 its res9\s p>ts ret>d ! aptness :i* malt has to ?is act4 ,hops1 f h5ce1 keep b>ley-w9es s\nd a long] space ( "t1 &1 by repeat$ & sl[ frett+s1 give an opportunity to ! p>ticles ( ! liquor to be m sep>at$ & comm9ut$4 ,f]m5t$ liquors acquire1 by ?is means1 a great] pung5cy1 ev5 ?\gh x 0 admitt$ !y receiv$ no additional /r5g? f ?is mixture1 ! direct contr>y ( :i* might easily be made to appe>4 ,hops1 !n1 are n only ! occasion ( an improvem5t ( ta/e1 b an increase ( /r5g?4 ,dr4 ,grew seems to ?9k ! bitt] ( ! hops may be increas$ by a great] degree ( dryness2 b1 p]haps1 ?is is only "o ( ! means ( _! reta9+ long] ?is quality1 :i* und\bt$ly decreases ?r\gh age1 9 a proportion1 z ne> z c be guess$1 ( f #aj to #ae p] c5t4 ye>ly4 ,! v>ieties ( ! soils 9 :i* hops are plant$1 may h "s %>e 9 ! inequality we p]ceive 9 !m4 ,!y seem to be mu* b5efit$ by ! sea air4 ,:oev] w try simil> processes ) !#ai ,worce/]%ire & ,k5ti% hops1 w soon p]ceive ! diff]5ce1 & ! g5]al op9ion /r5g!ns ?is ass]tion1 z ! c\nty ( ,k5t alone produces ne>ly half ! quantity ( hops us$ 9 ?is k+dom4 ,! soon] & ! tight] hops are /ra9$1 aft] hav+ be5 bagg$1 ! bett] w !y pres]ve !mselves4 ,! op9ion t !y increase 9 weight1 if n /ra9$ until aft] ,*ri/mas1 may be true1 b w n recomm5d ! practice2 ! hops imbibe ! moi/ure ( ! w9t] air1 :i*1 :5 ! wea!r gr[s dri]1 is lo/ aga91 toge!r ) "s ( ! m spirit\s p>ts4 ,nor is ?is ! greate/ damage occasion$ by ?is delay1 z hops1 by be+ kept slack bagg$ 9 a damp season1 too (t5 become m\ldy4 ,hops may be divid$ into ord9>y & /rong1 & into old & new4 ,! d5om9ation ( old is fir/ giv5 to !m1 "o ye> aft] !y h be5 bagg$4 ,new ord9>y hops1 :5 ( equal dryness1 are suppos$ to be ne>ly alike 9 quality1 ) old /rong ones4 ,! diff]5t te9ts1 ) :i* hops are affect$ f ! fire ( ! kiln1 af=d 9 brew+ ! be/ rule = adapt+ _! color to t ( ! malt2 9 g5]al ! f9e/ hops are ! lea/1 b ! mo/ c>efully1 dri$4 ,to extract ! res9\s p>ts ( ! hops1 x is necess>y !y %\ld be boil$4 ,! me?od ( dispos+ !m is g5]ally to put ! :ole quantity1 9 ! fir/ wort1 :i*1 be+ always made ) wat]s less hot ?an ! succe$+ extracts1 possesses ! greate/ %>e ( acids1 & is 9 want ( ! l>ge/ proportion ( res9s & bitt]s to def5d x4 ,! virtue ( ! hops is n entirely lo/ by once boil+1 !re rema9s /ill en\gh to bitt] & pres]ve ! second wort4 ,b :]e ! fir/ wort is %ort ( itself1 & a l>ge quantity ( hops are requir$ = ! :ole1 x is ne$less & wa/eful to put m 9 at once ?an x c absorb1 ! ov]plus ( :i* appe>s by a ?9 bitt] pellicle float+ on ! wort :5 laid to cool 9 ! backs4 ,no p>ticul> rules c be giv5 to avoid ?is inconv5i5cy1 z ! nature & quantity ( ! worts on "o side1 & ! /r5g? ( ! hops on ! o!r1 mu/ occasion a diff]5ce 9 ! managem5t1 easily det]m9able by exp]i5ce4 ,:5 wat]s1 n suffici5tly hot1 h be5 us$1 ! wort1 = want ( ! prop] quantity ( oils1 readily admits ( ! ext]nal impressions ( ! air1 & is easily excit$ to a /rong & tumultu\s f]m5tation1 :i* disp]ses ! bitt] p>ticles1 & dim9i%es ! effects ( ! hops4 ,! virtue ( ?is plant is !re=e reta9$ 9 ! dr9ks1 9 proportion to ! heat ( ! extracts1 & ! sl[ness ( ! f]m5tation4 ,b be]s be+ a composition ( malt1 hops1 & wat]1 unit$ by heat1 & ! prop]ties ( ?is comb9ation be+ judg$ ( by ! m$ium ( ! :ole numb] ( degrees ( fire made use ( 9 ! process1 z we br\ght ! virtues ( malt to ?is d5om9ation1 x is also ess5tial to r$uce ^? ( hops4 ,aft] _m t$i\s calculations & exp]im5ts1 made ) ?is view1 & unnecess>y "h to m5tion1 we 7 oblig$ to h rec\rse to a m simple & probable hypo!sis1 & confirm ! tru? !re( by repeat$ exp]im5ts1 ! relation ( :i*1 z x becomes "h necess>y1 w %ew ! necessity we 7 "u to take a g5]al view ( ! :ole process be=e we attempt$ to asc]ta9 ?is po9t4 ,9 ! table %ew+ ! mean heat ( ! air applicable to practice1 ! greate/ cold is #ce degrees1 & 9 ?is season we obs]v$1 7page #aef7 ! repositories ( be]s 7 m w>m ?an ?is by #aj degrees1 :i* makes ! greate/ cold ( cell>s to be #de degrees2 9 ! same table ! highe/ heat is #fj1 :5 cell>s are #e degrees cold] ?an ! ext]nal airs1 ! utmo/ diff]5ce !n 9 ! temp]ature ( cell>s is #aj degrees1 & ?is takes place 9 #f mon?s1 s t ! :ole v>iety ( heat be]s deposit$ = keep+ und]go 9 "o twelvemon? is #bj degrees4 ,!re is no specie ( be]1 9 brew+ ( :i* x is requisite ! arti/ %\ld be m att5tive to alt] 8 process 9 proportion to ! *ange ( heat 9 ! air1 ?an common small be]1 :i*1 ?\gh brew$ 9 e season1 is con/antly expect$ to be 9 an uni=m ord] = use4 ,9 ! prec$+ section1 9 ! table direct+ ?is v>iety1 we f9d a diff]5ce ( five degrees ( heat 9 ! air1 requires an alt]ation 9 m$ium heat ( ! :ole process ( #c degrees1 & z x is f ! mean heat ( ! dryness ( ! malt1 ( ! heat ( ! extracts1 & ( ! value ( hops 9 degrees1 t we are to discov] ! quantity ( fire to be giv5 to ! extracts1 ?is c be done only by d$uct+ f su* m$ium s mu* z x is affect$ by ! prop]ties ( ! hops4 ,j be=e we h se51 t ! :ole ( ! v>iety ( heat be]s deposit$ 9 cell>s to keep twelve mon?s und]go1 am\nts to #bj degrees1 ^!1 9 a proportion ( #e to #c1 w\ld be #ab1 )\t be+ scrupul\sly exact4 ,hops1 ) reg>d to _! proportion 9 ! :ole process1 mu/ be admitt$ to be "o ?ird "p !re(1 &1 9 ?is case1 ( ! proportion1 #ab1 n[ f\nd1 only #d degrees w\ld be :at !y contribute t[>ds pres]v+ ! dr9k #ab mon?s3 ! quantity ( hops necess>y to ma9ta9 be]s 9 a s\nd /ate ?is space ( "t1 we h f\nd to be twelve p\nds2 ?is quantity !n is equal to #d degrees ( ! m$ium heat ( ! :ole process4 ,on ^! gr\nds we repeat$ly tri$ ! exp]im5t 9 a v>iety ( brew+s made = diff]5t purposes1 & nev] f\nd any inconv5i5cies f ! e/imat+ hops 9 su* l proportion4 ,hops %\ld be us$ 9 proportion to ! "t ! liquors are int5d$ to be kept1 & to ! heat ( ! air 9 :i* !y are f]m5t$4 ,! quantity requisite to pres]ve be]s twelve mon?s1 exp]i5ce has %ewn to be#bjtwelve p\nds1 ( a good quality1 jo9$ to "o qu>t] ( malt1 & :5 ! heat ( ! air is at #dj degrees1 ?ree p\nds to e qu>t] has be5 f\nd suffici5t to pres]ve dr9ks f f\r to six weeks1 z six p\nds are to keep !m ! same t]m :5 ! !rmomet] is s high z #fj degrees4 ,f ^! facts1 f\nd$ on in=mations obta9$ f long practice1 we %all h]eaft] asc]ta9 ! prop] quantities to be us$ 9 all cases4 ,hav+ premis$ ^! obs]vations1 suffici5tly accurate = ! gov]nm5t ( ?is art1 ! con/ruction z well z utility ( ! foll[+ tables w be obvi\s4 ,a ,,table ( ! value ( ! hops1 express$ 9 degrees1 to be add$ to ! m$ium ( ! dryness ( ! malt1 & ( ! heat ( ! extracts4 ,hops4 ,new or /rong4 ,pale1 l[ dri$1 or old4 #ae lb4 equal #e #c-c_/d #ab #d #c #h #b #b #d #a #a ,a ,,table ( ! quantity ( hops requisite = e qu>t] ( ,malt brew$ = port]1 suppos$ to be fit = use f eight to twelve mon?s4 lb4 ,old ord9>y hops />t$ ov] old be]1 #ad p] ,qr4 ,ditto1 neat guiles1 #ab-a_/b ,/rong good old hops1 :5 />t$ ov] old be]1 #ab-a_/b ,ditto1 neat guiles1 #ab ,new /rong hops1 :5 />t$ ov] old be]1 #ab ,ditto1 neat guiles1 #aa-a_/b ,new ord9>y hops />t$ ov] old be]1 #ab-a_/b ,ditto1 neat guiles1 #ab ,n4,b4 ,! quantity ( old be] to be bl5d$ ) new is "h suppos$ nev] to exce$ "o eigh? "p ( ! :ole4 ,a ,,table ( ! quantity ( hops requisite = common small be]1 = ea* qu>t] ( malt1 9 e season4 ,heat 9 ! air4 ,new hops4 ,old hops4 lb4 oz4 lb4 oz4 #ce #b #h #b #h #dj #c #j #c #j #de #c #h #c #h #ej #d #d #d #h #ee #e #j #e #h #fj #f #j #f #h #fe #f #ab #gj #g #h #ge #h #d #hj #i #j ,! m$ium heat ( ! hotte/ days 9 ,engl&1 9 ! %ade1 seldom1 at any "t1 exce$s #fj degrees1 b ,i cont9u$ ! table proportionably1 z :at is "h set d[n is f repeat$ exp]im5ts1 & f !nce x appe>s1 at ! l[e/ f]m5table degree ( heat1 ?ree p\nds ( hops are requir$ = ea* qu>t] ( malt2 at ! highe/1 n9e p\nds ( hops %\ld be all[$ = ! same quantity2 ?is1 9 "s measure1 det]m9es ! effect ( a great] activity 9 f]m5tation4 ,a ,,table ( ! quantity ( hops necess>y to ea* qu>t] ( malt1 9 brew+ amb] or two-p5ny4 ,heat 9 ! air4 ,new hops4 ,old hops4 lb4 oz4 lb4 oz4 #ce #b #h #b #h #dj #c #j #c #j #de #c #h #c #h #ej #d #j #d #d #ee #d #h #d #ab #fj #e #j #e #d ,amb] is a liquor :i*1 by repeat$ p]iodical f]m5tations1 is s att5uat$1 z to be soon fit = use1 &1 by its /r5g?1 is suppos$ to resi/ ! impressions ( ! air long] ?an common small be]1 especially 9 w9t]2 = ?is reason1 x wants few] hops ?an t dr9k does1 & 9 ! summ] bo? require equal quantities1 on acc\nt ( ! f]m5tation ( amb] be+ c>ri$ to a great] degree4 ,! hops once boil$ 9 amb]1 b us$ aft]w>ds = small be]1 may be e/imat$ equal to "o f\r? ( _! orig9al quality4 ,:5 twelve %ill+ small be] is made aft] amb]1 ! quality ( ! hops us$ %\ld at lea/ be equal 9 value to ! quantity ( t5 p\nds fre% hops to e five b>rels ( be]1 :5 brew$ f entire gri/s ( malt = ?is purpose4 ,a ,,table ( ! quantity ( hops necess>y = ea* qu>t] ( malt1 9 brew+ ,burton ale4 ,?is liquor requires few] hops ?an su* ales z are m dilut$ by wat]3 z x is always brew$ 9 ! w9t]1 ! quantities "h set d[n are = ! numb] ( mon?s x is suppos$ to be kept1 be=e x is drank or bottl$4 ,mon?s4 lb4 oz4 #a #a #j #b #a #h #c #b #j #d #b #h #e #c #j #f #c #h #g #d #j #h #d #h #i #e #j #aj #e #h #aa #f #j #ab #f #h ,?\gh common amb]1 keep+ amb]1 & ,burton ales require ! same degree ( heat to gov]n ! :ole ( _! processes1 yet "s small diff]5ce w be f\nd 9 ! heats ( _! extracts1 on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t quantity ( hops us$4 ,besides ! use ( hops = keep+ ! mu/s ( malt1 !y may also1 ) great propriety1 be employ$ bo? to /r5g!n & pres]ve s\nd ! extracts4 ,"o or two p\nds1 9 a net susp5d$ 9 ! wat] ! ma% is to be =m$ )1 are suffici5t = ?is purpose4 ,?\gh ! pur*as+ ! mat]ials1 us$ 9 manufacture1 does n imm$iately relate to its practical "p1 yet z1 9 ?is case1 x is ( great importance to ! brew] to "k :at /ock x is prud5t = him to keep1 ( an +r$i5t equally necess>y & v>iable 9 its value1 ,i hope ! attempt ( a calculation on ?is subject1 w easily be p>don$4 ,! am\nt ( ! duty ^u hops1 = sixte5 ye>s1 f #agdh to #agfe1 0 4#a1aga1bbg1 :i* sum1 e/imat+ ! duty at #bas4 p] bag1 gives #a1aae1ded bags1 us$ 9 t "t4 ,at ! beg9n+ & expiration ( ?is int]val1 hops sold at su* high prices1 z no consid]able /ock c be suppos$ to h rema9$ 9 h&1 viz4 f 4#h to 4#aj p] hundr$4 ,if1 !re=e1 to ! a=esaid quantity ( #a1aae1ded bags1 :i* may be suppos$ to h s]v$ = ! :ole consumption dur+ ?is p]iod1 we add :at may h escap$ pay+ duty#ba1 ! annual consumption ( hops may be e/imat$ at #gj1jjj bags1 includ+ :at is export$ to ,irel& or else:]e4 ,f ^! premises1 ! foll[+ table 0 con/ruct$1 :i*1 ?\gh n capable ( absolute c]ta9ty1 may be ( "s s]vice to ! brew]s1 9 in=m+ !m ( ! quantities1 t probably rema9 9 h& at any "t1 & ! /ock :i* prud5ce w sugge/ to !m to lay 94 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ! m$ium price ,hops %\ld be>1 9 proportion to ! gr[?1 & det]m9+ ! quantity to be pur*as$1 9 proportion to ! /ock 9 h&4 ,prices ( hops ,/ock ( new & ,quantity ( at a m$ium#bb1 old hops 9 ! hops equal to p] cwt4 :ole k+dom1 z _m weeks aft] ! h>ve/4 consumption4 #cj ,%ill4 #acjjjj bags1 #gj #ce #abejjj #fe #dj #abjjjj #fa #de #aaejjj #eg #ej #aajjjj #ec #ee #ajejjj #dg #fj #ajjjjj #dd #gj #iejjj #dj #hj #ijjjj #cf #ij #hejjj #cb #ajj #hjjjj #bh #aaj #gejjj #bd #abj #gejjj #bj #acj #gjjjj #af #adj #fgjjj #ab #aej #fejjj #h #afj #fbjjj #d #agj #fjjjj #ahj #egjjj #aij #eejjj #bjj #ebjjj ,?is *apt] %\ld n be dismiss$ )\t rem9d+ ! brew]y1 ( ! gross imposition !y submit to 9 pur*as+ hops4 ,! t>e :i* ju/ice requires to be all[$ 9 ! sale ( all pack$ m]*&ize1 by ! hop-factors is refus$1 :o exact paym5t = ! bagg+1 at ! same price z = ! commodity itself4 ,if ! consumption ( hops1 9 ,engl&1 is ye>ly #agb1bfh cwt4 & ^! be pack$ "o half 9 bags & ! o!r half 9 pockets1 tak+ ! mean price ( hops to be #cl4 #ads4 p] cwt4 9 ?is case ! consum]s are defraud$ at lea/ ( #ci1hcdl4 p] annum2 t1 on a j regulation ( ?is matt]1 ! commodity itself w\ld rise 9 price1 !re is n ! lea/ f\ndation =4 ,! pres5t practice ( monopoliz+ hops1 by mu* too frequ5t1 is a f>!r reason to induce ! brew]y to ex]t ! influ5ce !y ought to h ) sup]ior p[]1 to obta9 a "r s ju/ly due to !m4 ,,section ,v4 ,,( ,,! ,,l5g?s ,,necess>y ,,to ,,=m ,,malt-,,liquors ,,( ,,! ,,sev]al ,,d5om9ations4 ,by l5g?1 9 ! brew]y1 is und]/ood ! quantity ( dr9k made f "o qu>t] ( malt4 ,be]s & ales diff] 9 ?is respect2 & ! p>ticul> /r5g? all[$ to e sort ( dr9k1 v>ies also some:at1 accord+ to ! prices ( ! mat]ials4 ,?is increase or abatem5t is1 h[ev]1 nev] su* z to make ! pr(its c]ta9 or uni=m2 = ! value ( ! gra9 be+ sometimes d\ble ( :at x is at o!r times1 a proportionable dim9ution 9 /r5g?1 c by no means take place4 ,x might be expect$ to f9d "h tables det]m9+ ! diff]5ces 9 /r5g? & quality ( ea* dr9k1 9 proportion to _! prices1 & ! exp5ces ( ! brew]4 ,b ?is1 = _m reasons1 w\ld be inconv5i5t1 & 9 "s respects impracticable4 ,he1 :o *uses to be at ?is tr\ble1 ought n only to take into ! acc\nt1 ! prices ( malt & hops1 b ! haz>ds 9 ! manufactur+ !m1 ^? ( leakage1 ( bad cell>s1 & ( c>eless managem5t1 ! frequ5t returns1 att5d$ ) _m losses1 ! we>+ out ( ut5sils1 & especially ( casks1 :i* la/ article1 engrosses at lea/ "o fif? ( ! brew]'s capital1 ! *>ges ( s]vants1 horses1 & c>riages1 = ! deliv]y ( ! dr9ks1 ! duties paid imm$iately to ! gov]nm5t1 )\t any security = ! reimbursem5t1 ! l>ge /ock & cr$it necess>y to c>ry on ?is trade1 & _m o!r incid5ts1 h>dly to be e/imat$ ) a suffici5t accuracy1 & nev] alike to e brew]4 ,9 g5]al x appe>s1 :5 malt & hops are sold at mean prices1 ! value ( :at is employ$ ( ^!1 is equal to ! *>ge att5d+ ! manufacture1 or ( ab\t half ! value ( ! dr9ks4 ,h5ce ?is conclusion1 s5sibly felt by e hone/ trad]1 t1 f *ange ( circum/ances1 ! reputation ( ! pr(its has outliv$ ! reality ( !m1 & t a trade1 p]haps ! mo/ useful to ! l&$ int]e/1 to ! gov]nm5t1 & to ! public1 ( any1 seems di/+ui%$ f all1 by great] haz>ds1 & less enc\ragem5t4 ,b1 9 a treatise l ?is1 :]e only ! rules ^u :i* true brew+ is f\nd$1 are laid d[n1 ,i w\ld avoid any ?+ t might1 ?\gh undesign$ly1 give h&le to invidi\s reflections1 & ill-tim$ controv]sies4 ,i !re=e cont5t myself ) sett+ d[n ! latitudes ( ! l5g?s :i* %\ld be made = dr9ks ( e d5om9ation4 ,l5g?s ( be]s1 accord+ to ! excise gauges1 obs]v$ )9 ! bills ( mortality1 or ! ,w9*e/] measure4 ,l5g?s ( common small be]4 #d-a_/d ,b>rels to #e-a_/d1 ,l5g?s ( keep+ small be]4 #d-c_/d ,b>rels to #e-a_/b1 ,l5g?s ( amb]1 or pale ale4 f "o qu>t] #a-a_/b ,b>rel to #a-c_/d1 ( malt4 ,l5g?s ( br[n /rong1 or port]4 #b-a_/d ,b>rels to #b-c_/d1 ,l5g?s ( ,burton ale4 #a ,b>rel to #a-a_/d1 ,,section ,,vi4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,calculat+ ,,! ,,height ,,9 ,,! ,,copp] ,,at ,,:i* ,,worts ,,are ,,to ,,g ,,out4 ,! expect$ quantities1 or l5g?s ( be] & ale1 c only be f\nd by det]m9+ at :at height 9 ! copp] ! worts mu/ be :5 turn$ out4 ,brew]s h sev]al me?ods ( express+ to :at "p !y w\ld h ! worts r$uc$ by boil+4 ,brass1 is ! te*nical appellation = ! upp] rim ( ! copp]2 x is a fix$ po9t1 f :i* ! e/imation g5]ally takes place1 ei!r by in*es1 or by ! nails1 :i* rivet ! p>ts ( ! copp] toge!r4 ,^! la/ are n v equal1 ei!r 9 ! bread? ( _! heads1 or _! di/ances f ea* o!r4 ,in*es !n1 ?\gh n specifi$ on ! copp]1 b det]m9$ by ! application ( a gauge1 on :i* !y are m>k$1 claim ! pref]5ce4 ,! necessity ( copp]s be+ gaug$1 & ! cont5ts ( :at !y conta9 on e in*1 bo? above & bel[ brass1 mu/ appe> 9 a /rong] light1 ! ne>] we br+ ! art to exactness4 ,! foll[+ tables w %ew ! mo/ useful mann] 9 :i* ,i conceive ?is gaug+ %\ld be specifi$4 ,gauges ( ,copp]s4 ,great ,copp]1 set up ,nov4 #cj1 ,little ,copp]1 set up ,aug4 #c1 #agej4 #agec4 #bc;,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 #ag #ae #c #d ,full #ae #aa #b #g #af #ae #b #a #ad #aa #a #e #ae #ae #j #e #ac #aa #j #c #ad #ad #b #h #ab #aj #c #a #ac #ad #a #d #aa #aj #a #g #ab #ac #c #g #aj #aj #j #f ,in*es #aa #ac #b #c ,in*es #i #i #c #d ,above #aj #ac #j #f ,above #h #i #b #b ,brass4 #i #ab #c #b ,brass4 #g #i #j #h #h #ab #a #e #f #h #c #f #g #ab #j #a #e #h #b #e #f #aa #b #d #d #h #a #c ,curr5t #e #aa #j #h #c #h #j #a #d #aj #c #c ,curr5t #b #g #b #g ( #c #aj #a #g #a #g #a #e #b #aj #j #b ( ,brass #g #j #e ,little #a #i #b #f #a #f #c #e ,brass #i #a #a ,great #b #f #b #e ,copp] #a #h #c #h #c #f #a #e #b #h #b #f ,copp] #d #f #j #e ,all[$4 ,in*es #c #h #a #d ,in*es #e #e #c #e ,bel[ #d #h #j #b ,all[$4 ,bel[ #f #e #b #e ,brass4 #e #g #b #h ,brass4 #g #e #a #e #f #g #a #f #h #e #j #e #g #g #j #d #i #d #c #d #h #f #c #c #aj #d #b #e #i #f #b #b #aa #d #a #f ,by ! =ego+ table1 x is se5 t my great copp] holds ne>ly n9e b>rels ( wat] to brass1 & z ! diff]5ce ( ! volume betwe5 boil+ worts1 ( mo/ d5om9ations1 & cold wat]1 is ne>ly z #g to #i1 ! quantity x w yield ( boil+ worts w be b sev5 b>rels4 ,! diamet] ( ?is copp]1 j above brass1 is sixty-eight in*es1 at a m$ium1 & at t mean x holds twelve gallons sev5 p9ts ( cold wat]1 or ne>ly elev5 gallons ( boil+ worts1 ^u an in*4 ,hops mac]at$1 by be+ twice boil$1 take up = e six p\nd weight a volume1 9 ! copp]1 equal to f\r gallons & a half ( wat]1 or a p94 ,9 a copp]1 ! gauges ( :i* h j be5 set d[n1 x is requir$ to "k :at numb] ( in*es a l5g? ( tw5ty-f\r b>rels mu/ g out at1 ) fifte5 p\nds ( hops1 ! guile ( be] to be brew$ at two worts4 #bd ,b>rels1 l5g? ( be]4 #ad ,b>rels1 = two full brass1 ---- #aj #cd ,numb]s ( gallons to a b>rel acc\nt$ by ! excise1 out ( ! bills ( mortality4 ---- #dj ,hops twice put 9 #aelb4 is #cj #cj ---- ---- #flb4 #cj #cdj ---- ,gallons ( #bb #e boil+ wort ---- ,equal to gallons #d-a_/b ^u an in* #aa #cfb ---- ---- #bb ---- #cc ,in*es above brass1 ! two worts to g out toge!r4 ,:5 ?ree worts are boil$1 ! am\nt ( ?ree full brasses mu/ be d$uct$ f ! l5g?2 & z ! hops g into ! copp] ?ree times1 !y become m mac]at$1 & take up mu* less room4 ,! proportion is !n ne>ly ?irte5 or f\rte5 p\nds ( hops = ea* f\r gallons & a half4 ,?us 9 copp]s1 :i* h nev] be5 tri$ or us$1 we are able1 by ! gauges alone1 to det]m9e our l5g?s2 b1 z _! circumf]5ces are n always exact1 & ! worts are ( v diff]5t /r5g?s1 we %\ld nev] neglect su* trials z may br+ u ne>] to accuracy & tru?4 ,,section ,,vii4 ,,( ,,boil+4 ,x has be5 a "q1 :e!r boil+ is necess>y to a wort2 b z hops are ( a res9\s quality1 ! :ole ( _! virtues are n yield$ by extraction2 decoction or boil+ is z ne$ful z ! plant itself1 & is1 toge!r ) extraction & f]m5tation1 productive ( t uni=mity ( ta/e 9 ! comp\nd1 :i* con/itutes good be]4 ,worts are compos$ ( oils1 salts1 wat]1 & p]haps "s small portion ( e>?1 f bo? ! malt & hops4 ,oils are capable ( receiv+ a degree ( heat mu* sup]ior to salts1 & ^! aga9 surpass1 9 ?is respect1 ! p[] ( wat]4 ,be=e a wort c be suppos$ to h receiv$ ! :ole ( ! fire x c admit (1 su* a degree ( heat mu/ arise1 z w be 9 a proportion to ! quantity ( ! oils1 ! salts1 & ! wat]4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 ! wort may be said to be intimately mix$1 & to h b "o ta/e4 ,! fire1 made fi]c]1 w\ld n increase ! heat1 or m exactly bl5d toge!r ! con/itu5t p>ts2 ?is purpose once obta9$1 ! boil+ ( ! wort is complet$4 ,x foll[s f !nce1 t "s worts w boil soon] ?an o!rs1 receive _! heat 9 a less "t1 & be saturat$ ) less fire2 b1 z x is impossible1 &1 inde$1 unnecess>y1 to e/imate exactly ! quantities ( oils1 salts1 & wat] conta9$ 9 ea* diff]5t wort1 x is out ( our p[] previ\sly to fix1 = any "o1 ! degree ( heat x is capable (4 ,?is r5d]s ! !rmomet] 9 ?is case useless1 & obliges u to dep5d entirely on exp]im5t1 & to obs]ve ! signs :i* accompany ! act ( ebullition4 ,fire1 z be=e has be5 m5tion$1 :5 act+ ^u bodies1 endeav\rs to make its way ?r\gh !m 9 "r l9es4 ,a wort set to boil1 makes a resi/ance to ! ef=t ( fire1 9 proportion to ! diff]5t p>ts x is compos$ (4 ,! wat]y p>ticles are1 x is imag9$1 ! fir/1 :i* are saturat$ ) fire1 & becom+ light] 9 ?is mann]1 endeav\r to rise above ! :ole4 ,! salts are next1 & la/ ( all ! oils4 ,f ?is /ruggle proce$s ! noise he>d :5 ! wort fir/ boils1 :i* proves h[ viol5tly x is agitat$1 be=e ! diff]5t pr9ciples are bl5d$ "o ) ano!r4 ,:ile ?is vehem5t ebullition la/s1 we may be sure t ! wort is n intimately mix$1 b :5 ! fire has p5etrat$ & unit$ ! diff]5t p>ts1 ! noise abates1 ! wort boils smoo!r1 ! /eam1 in/ead ( cl\d+ promiscu\sly z x did at fir/ r\nd ! top ( ! copp]1 rises m upright1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fire pass+ freely 9 direct l9es ?r\gh ! dr9k1 & :5 ! fi]c5ess ( x drives any "p ( ! dr9k f ! body ( ! wort1 ! "p s sep>at$ asc5ds p]p5dicul>ly4 ,su* are ! signs by :i* we may be satisfi$ ! fir/ wort1 or ! /ronge/ "p ( ! extracts1 has be5 s affect$ by ! fire1 z to become ne>ly ( "o ta/e4 ,if1 at ?is "t1 x is turn$ out ( ! copp]1 x appe>s pellucid1 & =ms no consid]able s$im5t4 ,! prop] "t = ! boil+ ( a wort hi!rto has be5 det]m9$1 )\t any reg>d to ^! circum/ances2 h5ce ! v>iety ( op9ions on ?is subject2 great]1 p]haps1 ?an on any o!r "p ( ! process4 ,:ile "s brew]s w\ld conf9e boil+ to s %ort a space z five m9utes1 !re are o!rs :o believe two h\rs absolutely requisite4 ,! fir/ allege1 t ! /r5g? ( ! wort is lo/ by long boil+2 b ?is argum5t w n hold good aga9/ ! exp]im5t ( boil+ a wort 9 a /ill1 & exam9+ ! collect$ /eam1 :i* appe>s little else ?an m]e wat]4 ,^? :o cont9ue boil+ ! fir/ wort a long "t1 d x 9 ord] to be satisfi$ t ! fire has _h its due effect1 & t ! hops h yield$ ! :ole ( _! virtue4 ,!y judge ( ?is by ! wort curdl+1 & deposit+ flakes l sn[4 ,if a quantity ( ?is s$im5t is collect$1 x w be f\nd to ! ta/e bo? sweet & bitt]1 & if boil$ aga9 9 wat]1 ! decoction1 :5 cold1 w f]m5t1 & yield a v9\s liquor4 ,^! flakes1 !re=e1 conta9 "p ( ! /r5g? ( ! wort2 !y consi/ ( ! fir/ & *oice/ pr9ciples ( ! malt & hops1 &1 by _! subsid+1 become ( little or no use4 ,x appe>s1 f ^! circum/ances1 t boil+ a fir/ wort too %ort or too long a "t1 is equally detrim5tal1 t diff]5t worts require diff]5t times1 & ^! times c only be fix$ by obs]vation4 ,! fir/ wort hav+ receiv$1 by ! assi/ance ( ! fire1 a suffici5t proportion ( bitt] f ! hops1 is sep>at$ !refrom4 ,! hops1 be+ depriv$ ( "p ( _! virtues1 are1 on ! o!r h&1 enri*$ ) "s ( ! glut9\s p>ticles ( ! malt4 ,!y are aft]w>ds1 a second1 & sometimes a ?ird "t1 boil$ ) ! foll[+ extractions1 & !reby dive/$ n only ( :at !y _h ?us obta9$1 b also ( ! rema9+ "p ( _! pres]vative qualities4 ,! ?9ness & fluidity ( ^! la/ worts r5d] !m extremely prop] = ?is purpose4 ,_! heat is nev] s int5se z t ( ! fir/1 :5 boil+2 =1 z !y consi/ ( few] oils1 !y are incapable ( receiv+ s great a degree ( heat4 ,?is defici5cy c only be made up by d\bl+ or tripl+ ! space ( "t ! fir/ wort boil$1 s t :at is want$ 9 ! int5s5ess ( heat1 may be suppli$ f its cont9uance4 ,! foll[+ table is con/ruct$ f obs]vations made accord+ to ! =ego+ rules4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! "t ea* wort requires to boil = ! sev]al sorts ( be]1 9 e season4 ,v]tical head+-- ,d3 ,degrees ( heat 9 ! air4 ,br[n be]1 keep+ ,small be]4 pale /rong & keep+ keep+ small be]4 small small aft] aft] amb] ,burton amb]4 amb] ,d h\rs h\rs h\rs4 h\rs h\rs h\rs4 h\rs h\rs h\rs h\rs #ce #a #b #d #a_/b #a #b #a_/b #a_/b #a #b #dj #a #b #d #a_/b #a #b #a_/b #a_/b #a #b #de #a #b #d #a_/b #a #b #a_/b #a_/b #a #b #ej #a #b #d #a_/b #a #b #a_/b #a_/b #a #b #ee #b #d #a-a_/b #c #c_/d #c_/d #a #b #fj #b #d #a-a_/b #c #c_/d #a #a-a_/b #b #a wort #b wort#bd #c wort#a wort #b wort #c wort4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be object$1 t1 by a long boil+ ( ! la/ worts1 ! r\gh & au/]e p>ts ( ! hops may be extract$1 & give a disagreeable ta/e to ! liquor2 b x %\ld be obs]v$1 ?is only happ5s1 ei!r 9 be]s to be long kept1 or 9 su* z are brew$ 9 v hot wea!r4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! r\ghness we>s (f by age1 & gr[s into /r5g?1 & 9 ! la/1 x is a *eck to ! pron5ess mu/s h 9 su* seasons to f]m5t4 ,"o obs]vation m is necess>y "u ?is head2 mo/ copp]s1 especially su* z are made 9 ,london1 & set by prop] workm51 wa/e or /eam away1 by boil+1 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es ( ! conta9$ liquor1 9 ea* h\r4 ,! quantity wa/$ be+ f\nd on trial1 & kn[+ h[ mu* wat] ! copp] holds ^u an in*1 :at is /eam$ away by boil+ 9 ea* brew+1 may easily be e/imat$4 ,,section ,,viii4 ,( ! ,quantity ( ,wat] wa/$2 & ( ! ,application ( ! prec$+ ,rules to two diff]5t processes ( ,brew+4 ,wa/e wat]1 9 brew+1 is t "p :i*1 ?\gh employ$ 9 ! process1 yet does n rema9 9 ! be]s or ales :5 made4 ,"u ?is head is compreh5d$ ! wat] /eam$ away 9 ! boil+ ( ! worts2 t :i* is lo/ by heat+ = ! extracts2 t :i* ! ut5sils imbibe :5 dry2 t :i* necess>ily rema9s 9 ! pumps & und]back2 & m ?an all1 ! wat] :i* is reta9$ 9 ! gri/4 ,! fix+ to a m9ute exactness h[ mu* is ?us exp5d$1 is bo? impossible & unnecess>y4 ,e "o ( ! articles j n[ m5tion$ v>ies 9 proportion to ! gri/1 to ! l5g?s made1 to ! con/ruction & ord] ( ! ut5sils1 & to ! "t employ$ 9 mak+ ! be]4 ,to ^! diff]5t causes ( ! /eam be+ less5$ or increas$1 might be add$ e *ange 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,h[ev]1 z1 ^u ! :ole1 ! quantity ( wat] lo/ v>ies f no reason s mu*1 z f ! age & dryness ( ! malt1 exp]i5ce is1 9 ?is case1 our sole & sure/ guide4 ,i h1 9 ! foll[+ table1 plac$ "u e mode ( brew+1 h[ mu* ,i h f\nd necess>y to all[ = ^! sev]al wa/es & evaporations4 ,br[n /rong & pale /rong be]s4 ,b>rels p9s4#be ,= old malts all[ #a #e p] qu>t]4 ,= new#bf malts #b #j p] qu>t]4 ,keep+ small & common small be]s4 ,= ei!r new or old malt all[ #b #d p] qu>t]4 ,amb] or pale ales4 ,= ei!r new or old malt all[ #a #e p] qu>t]4 ,keep+ small or common small aft] amb]4 ,all[ = wa/e #j #b p] qu>t]4 ,x is n[ "t to beg9 ! acc\nt ( two brew+s1 :i* admit ( ! greate/ v>iety1 bo? 9 !mselves1 & 9 ! season ( ! ye>4 ,! same processes w be c>ri$ on1 9 ! sequel ( ?is "w1 until !y be complet$4#bg ,on ! t5? ( ,july a brew+ = common small be] is to be made ) #f qu>t]s ( malt4 ,by page #aej ! m$ium heat ( ! air at ?is "t is #fj degrees4 ,by page #ahd ! malt to be us$ = ?is purpose %\ld be 9 dryness at #acj degrees4 ,by page #baj ! prop] quantity ( new hops is #f p\nds p] qu>t]4 ,! l5g?1 accord+ to ! excise gauge )\t ! bills ( mortality1 may be rat$ at #e b>rels #a_/h p] qu>t]1 or f ! :ole gri/ at #cj b>rels #c_/d4 ,see page #bai4 ,by page #bbb1 ! in*es requir$ 9 ! copp]1 to br+ out ?is l5g?1 at #b worts1 w be1 = copp]s z gaug$ page #bba1 #ef in*es 9 ! #b worts above brass4 ,! /ate ( ?is "p ( ! brew+ is1 !re=e1 six qu>t]s ( malt dri$ to #acj degrees1 #cf p\nds ( hops = #cj b>rels #c_/d to g out at #ef in*es above brass4 #cj-c_/d ,l5g? ,boil+ by page #bbh #a wort #a h\r #a_/b or #e in*es4 #e-a_/d #b wort #c h\rs or #i in*es4 #ae wa/e wat] page #bca ---- #ea b>rels2 :ole quantity ( wat] to be us$4 ,& by page #aia we f9d ! heat ( ! fir/ extract to be #aed degrees1 & ! heat ( ! la/ #agd degrees4 ,! o!r brew+1 ( :i* ,i purpose to lay d[n ! process 9 ?is treatise1 is "o = br[n be] or port] ( #aa qu>t]s ( malt1 to be brew$ on ! #bj? ( ,febru>y4 ,by page #aej ! m$ium heat ( ! air at ?is "t is #dj degrees4 ,by page #agd ! malt = ?is purpose %\ld be at #acj degrees4 ,by page #bji ! quantity ( hops is #ab p\nds p] qu>t]4 ,! l5g? ,i w\ld fix = ?is liquor1 accord+ to ! excise gauge )\t ! bills ( mortality1 is #b b>rels & #d p9s f a qu>t]1 or f ! :ole gri/ #bg b>rels #a_/b4 ,see page #bai4 ,by page #bbb1 ! in*es requir$1 9 a copp]1 su* z ,i h specifi$ page #bba1 to br+ out ?is l5g? at #c worts1 are #ca above brass4 ,! /ate ( ?is brew+1 s f> z we h consid]$ x1 is !re=e #aa qu>t]s malt dri$ to #acj degrees1 #acb p\nds ( hops = #bg b>rels #a_/b to g out at #ca in*es above brass4 #bg-a_/b b>rels ! l5g?1 boil+ by page #bbh4 #a wort #a h\r or #d in*es4 #b wort #b h\rs or #f in*es4 #h-a_/d #c wort #d h\rs or #ab in*es4 #ah wa/e wat] page #bca old ------ malt #a-e_/h p] qu>t]4 #ed b>rels1 :ole quantity ( wat] to be us$4 ,& by page #agg we f9d ! heat ( ! fir/ extract to be #aee degrees1 & ! heat ( ! la/ extract #afe4 ,,section ,,ix4 ,( ! ,division ( ! ,wat] = ! respective ,worts & ,ma%es1 & ( ! ,heat adequate to ea* ( ^!4 ,t ! :ole quantity ( wat]1 z well z t ( heat requir$1 ought n1 9 any brew+1 at once to be appli$ to ! gri/1 is obvi\s1 bo? f reason1 & f ! example ( nature1 :o1 9 =m+ ! juice ( ! grape1 divides ! process1 & increas+ successively bo? ! moi/ure & ! heat1 gives "t to ea* degree to h its complete effect4 ,a division ( ! wat] & heat to =m malt liquors is equally necess>y1 b previ\s to ?is division ! foll[+ g5]al rules may be laid d[n4 ,! gri/1 if possible1 is at no "t to be left ) less wat] ?an :at w cov] ! malt1 to put all its p>ts 9 action4 ,9 ! fir/ ma%es = /rong be]1 an all[ance is to be made = ne>ly z mu* wat] z ! gri/ w imbibe2 &1 la/ly1 ! :ole quantity ( wat] us$ 9 brew+ %\ld be divid$1 9 a proportion analog\s to t ( ! degrees ( heat4 ,processes = brew+ are c>ri$ on ei!r ) "o copp] or ) two4 ,?\gh ! fir/ ( ^! me?ods is almo/ out ( use1 x may be necess>y to give an example or two ( ! division ( ! wat] us$ 9 ?is case1 ! do+ :i* w po9t out ! absurdity ( ?is practice4 ,9 brew+ ) "o copp]1 sc>cely m ?an ?ree ma%es c be made2 o!rwise ! "t tak5 up 9 boil+ ! worts1 & prep>+ ! subsequ5t wat]s = extraction1 w\ld be s long1 z to cause ! gri/ to lose great "p ( its heat1 &1 9 w>m wea!r1 p]haps1 to become s\r4 ,! :ole wat] requir$ might naturally be divid$ into ?ree equal p>ts1 0 x n = ! quantity at fir/ imbib$ by ! gri/2 b z1 9 ?is way ( brew+1 ! be/ managem5t is to make ! fir/ wort ( "o ma%1 & ! second wort ( ! o!r two1 x w be f\nd necess>y to all[1 = ! fir/ extract+ wat]1 f\r p>ts out ( sev5 ( ! :ole quantity requir$1 & to divide ! rema9d] equally = ! o!r two ma%es4 ,?us1 if ! :ole quantity ( wat] requir$ 0 fifty-"o b>rels1 ! l5g?s ( ! extract+ wat]s w\ld be z foll[3 #a ,liquor #b ,liquor #c ,liquor4 #bi---------aa-------------aa ,b>rels4 #a ,wort4 v #b ,wort4 ,! wat] imbib$ & reta9$ by ! malt is all[$ = 9 ?is computation1 :i* w be f\nd j to e purpose1 = small be] brew$ 9 "o copp] only4 ,b 9 /rong be]s & ales1 ) ?ree ma%es1 :e!r brew$ at "o1 two1 or ?ree worts1 ! case w be some:at diff]5t1 z c>e %\ld always be tak5 to res]ve = e ma% a suffici5t quantity ( wat] to apply to ! gri/4 ,= ?is reason1 no great] proportion ought to be us$ 9 ! fir/ ma% ?an t ( ?ree p>ts out ( sev51 z ! volume ( ! malt is 9 a great] proportion to ! quantity ( wat] ?an 9 ! prec$+ case4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! :ole quantity ( wat] us$ 0 ?irty-five b>rels1 ! l5g? ( ! liquors w\ld be3 #a ,liquor #b ,liquor #c ,liquor4 #ae #aj #aj ,b>rels4 ,employ+ only "o copp]1 mu/ f h5ce appe>1 & is all[$ to be1 bad managem5t2 =1 9 "s "p or o!r ( ! process1 h[ev] well contriv$1 ! bus9ess mu/ /& /ill1 & consequ5tly ! extracts be injur$1 by ! air cont9ually affect+ !m4 ,! be/ & mo/ usual practice1 & t :i* "h w be set 9 example1 is to brew ) two copp]s4 ,o!r rules consequ5tly are necess>y to be obs]v$1 & ,i %all be m p>ticul> 9 ! explanation ( !m4 ,to pres]ve ord]1 & to convey our ideas 9 ! cle>e/ mann]1 we %all make use ( ! f\r modes ( brew+ we m5tion$1 9 ! f\r? section4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 :i* implies keep+ pale /rong & keep+ pale small be]s to become spontane\sly f9e1 are be/ brew$ ) two worts & f\r ma%es1 to all[ = :at is imbib$ by ! gri/1 & :at is /eam$ away dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! process1 f\r sev5?s ( ! :ole ( ! wat] employ$1 & consequ5tly a l proportion ( ! numb] ( ! degrees :i* con/itute ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ & la/ heats ( ! :ole brew+1 are requir$ = ! fir/ wort1 & ! rema9d] to ! la/ or second4 ,! proportion z to ! wat] is p]man5t1 b hav+ n[ only a division ( heat 9 a progressive /ate1 = ! temp]ature to be giv5 to ! extracts1 to put 9 practice ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 pages #fd1 #fe2 ! fir/ wort1 h[ev]1 compos$ ( sev]al ma%es1 mu/ be ( "o uni=m heat1 ?\gh less ?an t ( ! second1 ^: extracts1 ?\gh m p[]ful1 mu/1 not)/&+1 be ( equal heat among !mselves4 ,accord+ to ! rules laid d[n 9 section #h1 ! :ole quantity ( wat] requisite = a guile ( keep+ pale /rong1 or keep+ pale small be]1 is fifty-"o b>rels4 ,9 page #aga1 we f\nd1 includ+ ! heat lo/ at ! "t ! extract sep>ates f ! gri/1 ! fir/ heat to =m ?is process to be #add degrees1 & ! la/ #aeh degrees2 ! quantity ( wat]1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two degrees1 are requir$ to be divid$ 9 su* proportions z are be/ applicable to ! purpose we int5d4 ,wat] #ea ,b>rels1 multipli$ by #d ---- ,divid$ by #g7 #bjd ---- ,gives #bi ,b>rels = ! fir/ ,wort1 & ?is d$uct$ f #ea1 ,leaves #bb ,b>rels = ! second ,wort4 ,! tw5ty-n9e b>rels1 equally divid$ betwe5 ! two fir/ ma%es1 is f\rte5 b>rels & a half = ea*2 & ! tw5ty-two b>rels1 equally divid$ betwe5 ! two la/ ma%es1 is elev5 b>rels = ea*4 ,! la/ heat = pale keep+ be]s is #afj degrees4 ,& ! fir/ is #adf degrees4 ---- ,_! diff]5ce is #ad ,?is1 z above1 multipli$ by #d ---- ,& divid$ by #g7 #ef ---- ,leaves #h degrees4 ! proportion to be allott$ to ! fir/ wort1 & #f degrees1 ! rema9d]1 to ! la/1 9 a regul> progressive /ate2 ! elem5ts = ?is brew+ w\ld /& z "u4 ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? dryness4 hops4 m$ium4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ,degrees #aai #c #ach #adf #aed #aeg #afj ,b>rels #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/b #aa #aa ,b m exactly1 to imitate ! f]m5t$ liquors =m$ by nature1 our fir/ wort1 answ]+ to ! g]m9at+ "p ( h] process mu/ be ( "o uni=m heat 9 ! extracts1 z mu/ likewise our second wort3 7,see page #afe7 ! mean1 !n1 ( ! progressive heats ( ! fir/ wort w be t :i* mu/ be appli$ bo? to ! fir/ & second ma%es1 & ! mean ( ! progressive heats ( ! second wort1 t :i* mu/ direct ! ?ird & f\r? ma%es2 f :5ce are d$uc$ ,elem5ts = =m+ keep+ pale /rong & keep+ pale small be]s4 ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? dryness4 hops4 m$ium4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ,degrees #aai #c #ach #aej #aej #aeh-a_/b #aeh-a_/b ,b>rels #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/b #aa #aa ,fir/ wort4 ,second wort4 ,t ?is me?od ( apply+ ! heats to ! ma%es corresponds to ! m$ium heat :i* is to gov]n ! :ole process1 ! circum/ances requir$ 9 page #afe1 ! foll[+ op]ation w prove4 #bi ,b>rels1 ! fir/ wort4 ,heat$ to #aej ---- #adej #bi ---- #dcej ---- #bb ,b>rels1 ! second wort4 ,heat$ to #aeh-a_/b ------ #aa #agf #aaj #bb ------ ,:ole #cdhg quantity #dcej ( wat]1 ------ ,b>rels #ea 7#ghcg7 #aec ,! mean heat ( ! #d ma%es4 #ea #b ,d$uct$ = ! heat lo/ at ! ---- ---- tap4 #bgc #aea ,heat ( ! tap's sp5d+4 #bee #aai ,malt's dryness4 ---- ---- #ahg #bgj #aec ---- ---- #ace ,mean heat ( ,malt's dryness & ( ! extracts4 #c ,value ( hops4 ---- #ach ,mean heat ( ! :ole process4 ---- ,admitt+ ( ! necess>y v>iations 9 ! m$ium heats :i* are to gov]n processes = diff]5t purposes1 & ( ^? 9 ! numb] ( degrees =m+ ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ! mu/1 9 proportion z ! dr9ks are to be =m$1 ei!r to become spontane\sly f9e1 or made s by precipitation1 or int5d$ = a long] or %ort] duration4 ,?is rule w be f\nd univ]sally true1 :5 be]s are brew$ ) two worts3 b :51 = ! b5efit ( ! dr9k1 or on acc\nt ( ! smallness ( ! ut5sils1 z is (t5 ! case1 :5 ! second mode ( extraction is put 9 practice1 we are oblig$ to c>ry on ! process ) ?ree worts1 ^! proportions mu/ necess>ily be alt]$1 & ! foll[+ h1 9 ?is case1 be5 f\nd mo/ advantage\s4 ,! fir/ & second wort ought to h two ?irds ( ! wat]2 ! fir/ wort two ?irds ( ?is quantity1 ! second ! rema9d] ( ?is1 & ! ?ird wort "o ?ird "p ( ! :ole4 ,port] or br[n be] is ! sort ( dr9k1 9 :i* ?is division is mo/ commonly obs]v$4 ,let ! :ole quantity ( wat] to be us$ be t ( ! brew+1 ( :i* ! elem5ts h be5 laid d[n1 7page #bcc7 or #ed b>rels4 #ed #b ---- #c7 #ajh ---- #cf #b ---- #c7 #gb ---- #bd ,b>rels ( wat] = ! fir/ wort4 #ab ,b>rels = ! second wort4 #ah ,b>rels = ! ?ird wort4 ---- #ed ---- ,! la/ degree = ?is dr9k is1 ) malt dri$ to #acj degrees1 #afe ,degrees4 ,! fir/1 z p] page #agh #aee ,degrees4 ---- ,_! diff]5ce #aj ,degrees4 #b ---- #c7 #bj ---- #g #b ---- #c7 #ad ---- #e ,heat ( fir/ wort4 ,five degrees to be proportion$ 9 ! fir/ wort1 & ^! d$uct$ f #g degrees1 ! numb] all[$ = ! fir/ & second wort1 !re rema9s two degrees = ! second wort2 & sev5 degrees d$uct$ f t51 ! :ole diff]5ce1 leaves ?ree degrees1 to be proportion$ 9 ! ?ird & la/ wort4 ,a gri/ ( elev5 qu>t]s ( malt is too l>ge1 to admit ( ! wat] all[$ = ! fir/ wort to be equally divid$ betwe5 ! fir/ & second ma%2 !re=e1 r ?an use ! :ole #bd b>rels 9 "o ma%1 a suffici5t quantity only mu/ be appli$ to ! fir/ ma%1 bo? to "w x1 & to get z mu* ( ! extract to come d[n1 z w save ! bottom ( ! copp] x is to be pump$ into4 ,by ?is managem5t1 !re w be en\gh left to =m ! second extract )1 or :at by ! brew]s is t]m$ ! piece liquor4 ,! exact quantity ( wat] ! fir/ ma% %\ld h1 might be ref]r$ to ! foll[+ section1 b ! ord] we h laid d[n1 w excuse our anticipat+ !reon4 ,x has be5 f\nd1 & w h]eaft] be prov$1 t a volume ( elev5 qu>t]s ( malt1 dri$ to #acj degrees1 is equal to #f1cb b>rels ( liquid measure1 t malt 9 g5]al requires twice its volume ( wat] to wet x1 & ?is quantity ( wat] is reta9$ aft] e tap is sp5t4 #f1cb ,b>rels1 volume ( ! #aa qu>t]s ( malt4 #c ------ #ah1if #f1cb ------ #ab1fd ,b>rels ( wat] imbib$ by ! gri/1 :i*1 d$uct$ f #bd1jj ,:ole quantity ( wat] all[$ = ! fir/ wort4 ------ ,rema9s #c7 #aa1cf ,extract1 :i* w be yield$ f ! fir/ & second ma%4 #c1gh ,l5g? ( ! fir/ piece1 :i* is suffici5t to save ! copp]4 ------ #c1gh #ab1fd ,quantity imbib$ z above4 ------ #af1db ,quantity ( wat] = ! fir/ ma%4 #g1eh ,quantity ( wat] = ! second ma%4 ------ #bd1jj ,! elem5ts ( ?is brew+1 z we h !m 7page #agh7 plac$ 9 a progressive /ate1 w be z "u1 :]e ! quantity ( wat] all[$ = ! fir/ wort is divid$ into two ma%es1 accord+ to ! circum/ances j n[ tak5 notice (1 :]e ! second wort is =m$ by "o entire ma%1 & ! wat] allott$ = ! ?ird wort is sep>at$ equally into two p>ts1 = ! two la/ ma%es1 & :5 ! t5 degrees ( heat1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fir/ & la/ heats employ$1 are z ne> z possible proportion$ to ! l5g?s ( ! worts4 ,malt's ,value ,:ole ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? ,fif? dryness4 ( hops4 m$ium4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ,deg4 #acj #d #adh #aee #afj #afb #afd #afe ,b>rels #af #h #ab #i #i ,b1 = ! reasons alleg$ 9 page #bcf1 !y admit ( ! foll[+ v>iation4 ,elem5ts = brew+ br[n be] or port]4 ,malt's ,value ,:ole ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? ,fif? dryness4 ( hops4 m$ium4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ,deg4 #acj #d #adh #aeg-a_/b #aeg-a_/b #afb #afd #afe ,b>rels #af #h #ab #i #i v v v #a wort #b wort #c wort4 ,&1 if prov$ z be=e1 ! same correspond5ce w be f\nd ) ! m$ium gov]n+ heat4 ,! ?ird mode ( extraction is int5d$ = a dr9k :i* is soon to be ready = use1 9 :i*1 9 ! colde/ season ( ! ye>1 transp>5cy is expect$1 &1 9 ! hotte/ mon?s1 s\ndness3 to procure ^! int5ts1 we h already %ewn 7page #aia7 x 0 necess>y to v>y ! m$ium heats gov]n+ ^! sev]al processes1 9 proportion z ! seasons ( ! ye> diff]$ z to heat & cold4 ,our pres5t bus9ess is a prop] division ( ! :ole quantity ( wat] necess>y = brew+1 into ! respective worts & ma%es1 & to apply to ea*1 ! adequate degree ( heat3 "o s+le example w suffice = ! op]ation1 & ! :ole v>iety ?is dr9k is subject$ to1 w be express$ 9 ! table subjo9$4 ,! g5]al practice to brew common small be]1 & :i* is be/1 is to =m x ) two worts & f\r ma%es1 &1 9 ?is case1 z 0 be=e practis$ = keep+ pale be]s1 9 ord] to all[ = ! wat] at fir/ absorb$ by ! gri/2 f\r sev5?s ( ! :ole quantity is requir$ = ! fir/ wort1 & ! rema9d] = ! second wort1 divid+ ^! quantities aga9 into equal p>ts1 = _! respective ma%es4 ,z a spe$y spontane\s pellucidity is expect$ 9 e season ( ! ye>1 & z e means = produc+ ?is )\t affect+ ! s\ndness ( ! dr9k1 mu/ be put 9 practice1 ! :ole numb] ( con/itu5t p>ts are n only appli$1 b likewise ! progressive heats suff]$ to take place3 = "h1 ?r\gh necessity1 we are compell$ to =sake ! rules nature po9t$ out1 7z 9 pages #fd1 #fe72 ! reasons :y are obvi\s2 ?is dr9k receives no b5efit by ! sl[ progress nature recomm5ds1 & !re=e v little by ! impressions ( "t4 ,9 page #bcb1 we f\nd ! :ole quantity ( wat] to be us$ = ! brew+ !re specifi$1 fifty-"o b>rels1 & 9 page #aia1 we f9d :5 ! heat ( ! air is at #fj1 ! fir/ heat is #aed1 ! la/ #agd degrees4 ,wat] #ea ,b>rels1 multipli$ by #d ---- ,divid$ by #g7 #bjd ---- ,gives #bi = ! fir/ ,wort1 & ?is d$uct$ f #ea1 ,leaves #bb = ! second ,wort4 ,! tw5ty-n9e b>rels1 divid$ into ! fir/ & second ma%es1 w be f\rte5 b>rels & a half = ea*2 & ! tw5ty-two b>rels1 equally divid$ betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? ma%es1 is elev5 b>rels ea*4 ,! la/ heat = ?is brew+ ( common small be] is 7see page #aia7 #agd degrees4 ,! fir/ heat1 #aed degrees4 ---- ,_! diff]5ce #bj ,multipli$ by #d ---- ,& divid$ by #g7 #hj ---- ,leaves 7to avoid fractions7 ne>ly #ab degrees1 to be proportion$ 9 ! fir/ wort1 & #h degrees1 ! rema9d] ( ! #bj1 to ! second wort1 9 a regul> progressive /ate3 ! elem5ts = ?is brew+ are3 ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? dryness4 hops4 m$ium4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ,degrees #acj #b #adh #aed #aff #agj #agd ,b>rels #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/b #aa #aa v v ,fir/ wort4 ,second wort4 ,! quantity ( wat] us$ = brew+ small be] is 9 proportion to ! l>g5ess ( ! gri/1 & ! price ( ! gra92 ?is admitt+ ( almo/ an endless v>iety1 x is ne$less to pursue x3 b ! dryness ( ! malt1 ! value ( ! hops1 ! m$ium gov]n+ ! processes1 & ! heat ( ! extracts be+ fix$1 & con/ant degrees ( heat 9 proportion to t ( ! air1 ,i h con/ruct$ ! foll[+ table1 :i* w be f\nd useful to ! practition] 9 e season ( ! ye>4 ,heat ( ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,fir/ ,second ,?ird ,f\r? air4 dryness4 hops4 m$ium4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 ma%4 #ce #abb #a #ace #ach #aej #aed #aeh #dj #abd #a #acg #adj #aeb #aef #afj #de #abe #a #adj #ade #aeg #afa #afe #ej #abg #a #adc #adi #afa #afe #afi #ee #abi #a-a_/b #adf #aeb #afd #afh #agb #fj #acj #b #adh #aed #aff #agj #agd ,! la/ bus9ess ( ?is section is to divide ! quantity ( wat] requisite to brew pale ales or amb]1 & to apply to su* divisions _! necess>y degrees ( heat4 ,?is liquor is r an ef=t ( art1 ?an an exact imitation ( nature1 z 9 x ! greate/ transp>5cy1 jo9$ to ! greate/ /r5g?1 is expect$ 9 a v %ort "t4 ,to obta9 ^! ends1 ! :ole numb] ( ! con/itu5t prop]ties ( malt & two ma%es only are employ$4 ,9 ! fir/1 9 ord] to favor its pellucidity1 ! l[e/ adequate extract+ degree mu/ be us$2 & 9 ! second1 to cause ! malt to yield ! :ole ( its necess>y p>ts1 ! highe/ fitt+ heat mu/ be appli$2 ! :ole ( ! process is1 nev]!less1 subject$ to ! gov]n+ m$ium heat ( #ach degrees1 ! highe/ :i* admits ( volunt>y brightness4 ,b :]e a dr9k is =m$ ) two ma%es only1 & boil$ (f 9 "o entire wort1 to keep ! due proportion betwe5 ! quantity ( wat] us$1 & ! heat requir$ 9 ! extracts1 & at ! same "t to allot ! prop] quantity = :at is imbib$ by ! gri/1 ! mo/ conv5i5t division f\nd1 w be ?ree-fif?s ( ! :ole quantity ( wat] to be appli$ to ! fir/ ma%1 & ! rema9+ two-fif?s to ! o!r4 ,i "k to ?is1 cu/om may be object$1 t ! fir/ ma% = amb] %\ld be a /iff "o1 9 ord] ! bett] to reta9 ! heat2 b ?is1 9 ! division "h propos$1 may equally be obta9$ by a prop] all[ance made 9 ! attemp]at+ ( ! wat]1 )\t affect+ ! proportion ( ! heats requir$1 z o!rwise mu/ be ! case4 ,f #h qu>t]s ( malt to make #ac b>rels ( f9e ale4 #ac ,l5g?4 #a_/b ,boil+ half h\r4 #ab-a_/b ,wa/e wat]4 ------ #bf ,:ole wat] employ$1 multipli$ by #c ------ ,divid$ by #e7 #gh ,gives #af ,b>rels = ! fir/ ma%1 & leaves #aj ,b>rels = ! second ma%1 ! l[e/ heat be+ requir$ 9 ! fir/ extract1 & ! highe/ 9 ! la/1 accord+ to page #aid2 = ! #af b>rels x w be #add1 & = ! #aj b>rels x w conta9 #afd degrees4 ,b z ! heat ( ! air occasions a diff]5ce 9 ! quantities ( hops to be us$1 & z f h5ce ! extracts are some:at v>i$3 x has be5 judg$ conv5i5t to add ! foll[+ table3 ,a ,,table ( ! elem5ts = =m+ pale ale or amb]1 at e degree ( heat 9 ! air1 ) ! all[ance ( two degrees ( heat1 9 ! fir/ & la/ extractions4 ,heat ( ,malt's ,value ( ,m$ium heat ( ! extracts1 ,fir/ ,la/ air4 dryness4 hops4 & ( malt's dryness4 heat4 heat4 #ce #abj #a_/b #ach #adg #afg #dj #abj #c_/d #ach #adf #afg #de #abj #a #ach #adf #aff #ej #abj #a-a_/b #ach #ade #afe #ee #abj #a-a_/b #ach #ade #afe #fj #abj #b #ach #add #afd ,9 summ] "t1 x is sometimes ?\ght bett] to brew ?is dr9k ) malts m dri$2 = conv5i5cy sake1 ,i "h ins]t two examples4 ,heat ( ,malt's ,value ( ,:ole ,heat ( ,heat ( air4 dryness4 hops4 ,m$ium4 fir/ ma%4 la/ ma%4 #fj #abb #b #ach #adb #afb #fj #abd #b #ach #adj #afj ,= ! managem5t ( small be] made aft] amb]1 see page #aig4 ,?us hav+ %ewn h[ to asc]ta9 ! quantities ( ! malt1 ! hops1 ! wat]1 & ! heat to be us$1 & to proportion !m to ea* o!r1 z ! good or bad prop]ties ( be]s arise f ! extracts1 & fire is ! gov]n+ ag5t1 we mu/ n[ seek ! means to adm9i/] ! "r portion ( heat1 & s to temp] ! wat] t is to =m ! extracts1 z n to be disappo9t$ ( our int5tions4 ,9 ! calculations made = ?is purpose1 n only ! wat] 9 ! copp]1 b ! value & effect ( ! gri/1 z to heat & cold1 mu/ be consid]$4 ,,section ,x4 ,an enquiry into ! ,volume ( ,malt1 9 ord] to r$uce ! ,gri/ to liquid ,measure4 ,! gallon1 by :i* malt is measur$1 ?\gh less1 is ne>ly ( ! same capacity ) t1 :i* is us$ = be] or wat]4 ,! qu>t] ( malt1 conta9s #fd gallons ( ?is measure1 & ! b>rel1 )9 ! bills ( mortality1 accord+ to ! gauges us$ by ! excise1 conta9s #cf gallons1 b )\t ! bills1 #cd2 ?\gh ! fir/ quantity is ! measure = sale ?r\gh\t ! k+dom4 ,h5ce x w\ld appe>1 t proportion+ ! gra9 to ! b>rel ( wat] w\ld be no difficult und]tak+4 ,?is h[ev] is s f> f be+ ! case1 t1 aft] hav+ made use ( sev]al calculations to help u to ! true proportions1 we %all f9d1 !y want ! corroborat+ pro(s ( actual exp]i5ce1 to be entirely dep5d$ ^u4 ,! ultimate p>ts ( wat] are s v small1 z to make ?is1 z well z all o!r liquids1 appe> to ! eye "o cont9u$ uni=m body1 )\t any int]/ices4 ,?is _c be said ( malt lay+ toge!r ei!r :ole or gr\nd2 !re are numb]s ( vacancies betwe5 ! corns1 :5 :ole1 & betwe5 ! p>ticles :5 gr\nd1 b = our pres5t purpose ! volume occupi$ by any quantity ( malt is prop]ly no m1 ?an ! space :i* w\ld be occupi$ by e individual corn1 ei!r :ole or cut asund]1 7 !y z closely jo9$ toge!r z wat]4 ,to det]m9e1 ) precision1 ! quantity ( cold wat] to be add$ to t1 :i* is br\ght to ! boil+ po9t1 7an act by ! brew]s call$ cool+ 97 x is necess>y to "k1 :at proportion a qu>t] ( malt be>s to ! measure ( a b>rel ( wat]4 ,sev]al op]ations w be f\nd requisite to come to ?is k2 viz4 to take sev]al gauges ( diff]5t brew+s1 m especially 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! process2 to be well acqua9t$ ) ! degree ( dryness ( ! malt us$1 ! heat ( ! fir/ extract1 & ! quantity ( liquor ! ma% tun holds ^u e in*2 to f9d out :at degrees ( expansion are produc$ by ! diff]5t degrees ( heat 9 ! fir/ ma%1 h[ mu* less wat] ! ma% tun holds ^u an in* :5 hot1 ?an x does :5 cold1 :at quantity ( wat] is lo/ by evaporation1 & 9 :at proportion at ! sev]al t]ms ( ! process4 ,9 ord] to put ?is 9 practice1 ! gauges ( ! foll[+ brew+s 7 tak54 #e qu>t]s ( malt dri$ to #abe degrees4 ,b4#bh ,f4 ,g4 ,! quantity ( wat] us$ = ! fir/ ma% 0 #ab #b #c ,! malt & wat] gaug$ toge!r 9 ! ma% tun j be=e ! tap 0 #be1 #jj in*es4 set ,all[ance = ! space "u ! false bottom bo>ds ( ! ma% tun1 z ne> #j1 #ff in*es4 z c\ld be comput$ ,! goods gaug$ 9 ! ma% tun1 aft] ! fir/ tap 0 sp5t #ae1 #da in*es4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,fir/ piece gaug$ 9 ! copp] #h #j #b ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] employ$ = ! second ma% 0 #ab #b #c ,! gri/ gaug$ ) ?is wat] j be=e ! tap 0 set #cj1 #fb in*es4 ,& j aft] ! tap 0 sp5t #ae1 #fc in*es4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! fir/ wort consi/+ ( ^! two pieces gaug$ 9 ! copp] #ba #b #j ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] us$ = ! ?ird ma% 0 #h #c #f ,j be=e ! tap 0 set ! gri/ ) ?is gaug$ 9 ! ma% tun #bd1 #fj in*es ,& j aft] ! tap 0 sp5t #ae1 #bj in*es4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] us$ = ! f\r? ma% 0 #h #c #f ,! ma% gaug$ j be=e ! tap 0 set #bd1 #fj in*es4 ,& j aft] ! tap 0 sp5t #ae1 #af in*es4 ,! heat ( ! fir/ extract 0 #acf degrees1 to :i* add+ two degrees1 = :at is lo/ by ! tap sp5d+1 ! true heat ( ! ma% is #ach degrees4 ,! fir/ extract1 be=e x is bl5d$ ) hops1 may be e/imat$ to be ne>ly z /rong z a fir/ wort ( common small be]4 ,?is1 :5 "u a /rong ebullition1 rais$ ! !rmomet] to #baf degrees1 & sev5 b>rels ( su* a wort1 :5 boil+1 occupi$ an equal space ) n9e b>rels ( cold wat]1 at ! mean temp]ature ( #fj degrees4 ,n[1 if ! degrees ( expansion foll[ ! proportion ( ^? ( heat1 ! foll[+ table1 con/ruct$ ^u ?is supposition1 w %ew h[ _m b>rels ( cold wat] w\ld be necess>y to occupy ! same space ) sev5 b>rels ( wort ( diff]5t heats4 ,degrees ( heat4 ,b>rels ( cold wat]4 ,b>rels ( wort4 #baf #i1jj #g #bjf #h1hg #g #aif #h1ge #g #ahf #h1fb #g #agg #h1ej #g #afg #h1cg #g #aeh #h1be #g #adh #h1ab #g #ach #h1jj #g #abg #g1hg #g #aai #g1ge #g ,! quantity ( wat] evaporat$ 9 a brew+1 :5 n 9 imm$iate contact ) fire1 is m consid]able ?an x is g5]ally appreh5d$ to be2 aft] repeat$ trials1 ,i h f\nd t :at 0 lo/ 9 ?is mann] am\nt$ ne>ly to "o fif?4 ,n[ s9ce ! heat ( ! fir/ tap 0 #ach degrees1 & my ma% tun holds #bj1be gallons ^u an in*1 ! foll[+ proportion may be d$uc$ f ! prec$+ table4 ,if #h------------g----------------bj1be #g1jj -------- #h1jj7 #ada1gejj -------- #ag1ga ,gallons1 & ?is is ! true quantity conta9$ 9 "o in*1 at a heat ( #ach degrees4 ,! quantity ( wat] us$ = ! fir/ ma%1 0 #ab;,b4 #b;,f4 #c;,g4 or #dbh gallons1 ( :i* "o fif? is suppos$ to be /eam$ away1 :5 ! fir/ liquor is gone ?r\gh ! :ole process ( ! extraction3 b z ! gauges ( ! malt & wat] toge!r are tak5 be=e ! tap is set1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! process1 ! :ole evaporation ought n to be d$uc$1 & "o six? seems to be a suffici5t all[ance on ?is acc\nt4 ,we may !re=e suppose #ceg gallons to be 9 ! ma% tun at ! "t ( gaug+1 :i* numb] be+ divid$ by #ag1ga1 w %ew h[ _m in*es are tak5 up by ! wat] at t heat4 #ag1ga7ceg1jjjj7bj1ae #cedb -------- #bhjj #agga -------- #ajbij #hhee -------- #adce ,! ma% gaug$ j be=e ! tap 0 set1 #be1jj ,in*es4 ,all[$ = ! space "u false bottoms1 #j1ff ----- #be1ff ,d$uct ! in*es tak5 up by ! wat]1 #bj1ae ----- ,rema9d] = ! five qu>t]s ( malt1 #e1ea ,in*es4 or #a1aj in* = "o qu>t]4 ,?is numb] be+ multipli$ by #ag1ga1 ! quantity ( gallons conta9$ ^u "o in* at ?is heat1 w give #ai1dh gallons = ! volume ( "o qu>t] ( ?is malt4 ,!re n[ rema9s no?+ b to br+ a b>rel ( wat] ( #cd gallons1 "u l circum/ances1 z to expansion & evaporation1 ) ^! #ai1dh gallons1 ) ?is diff]5ce only1 t z ! proportion requir$ is1 at ! "t ! wat] & malt fir/ come 9 contact1 & n aft] ! ma% has be5 work$1 a less all[ance = /eam+ w be suffici5t1 & may well be fix$ at "o sev5?4 ,gauge )9 ! bills ( ,gauge )\t ! bills ( mortality4 mortality4 ,if #g1jj #h1jj #cf ,if #g1jj #h1jj #cd #cf #cd ----- ----- #dhjj #cbjj #bdjj #bdjj ----- ----- #g1jj7bhh1jj #g1jj7bgb1jj ----- ----- #da1ad #ch1he #e1hg ,lo/ by /eam4 #e1ee ,lo/ by /eam4 ----- ----- #ce1bd #cc1cj ,! b>rel ( wat] r$uc$2 & z #ai1dh gallons1 "u ! same circum/ances1 7 f\nd equal to "o qu>t] ( malt1 ! foll[+ division w %ew ! proportion1 betwe5 !m4 #ai1dh7ce1bdjj7a1ha #ai1dh7cc1cjjj7a1gj #aidh #aidh ------ ------ #aegfj #achbj #aeehd #acfcf ------ ------ #agfj #ahd #aidh ------ ,?us1 9 malt dri$ to #abe degrees1 ! quantity ( #a1gj qu>t]s is requir$ to make a volume equal to #cd gallons1 or a b>rel ( wat]1 accord+ to ! excise gaug+ )\t ! bills ( mortality2 & ! quantity ( #a1ha qu>t]s is requir$ to make a volume equal to #cf gallons1 or a b>rel ( wat]1 accord+ to ! excise gaug+ )9 ! bills ( mortality4 ,! m ! malt has be5 dri$1 ! l>g] ! int]/ices are betwe5 its p>ts2 ! quantity ( wat] x admits w consequ5tly be great] ?an :at is absorb$ by su* z is less dry4 ,m ( ?is la/ malt w be necess>y to make a volume1 equal to t ( ! b>rel ( wat]2 & e diff]5t degree ( dryness mu/ cause a v>iety 9 ?is respect4 ,x w !re=e be prop] to repeat ! op]ation ) a high-dri$ gri/4 ,gauges ( a brew+ ( eight qu>t]s ( malt dri$ to #adj degrees4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] us$ = ! fir/ ma%1 #aa #b #d ,malt & wat] gaug$ toge!r 9 ! #bf1be ,in*es4 ma%1 j be=e ! tap 0 set1 ,all[$ = ! space "u ! false bottom #j1ff ,in*es4 ( ! ma% tun1 ,goods gaug$ 9 ! ma% tun aft] ! #bb1cf ,in*es fir/ tap 0 sp5t1 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,fir/ piece gaug$ 9 ! copp]1 #e #j #j ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] = ! second ma% 0 #aa #b #d ,! ma% gaug$ j be=e ! tap 0 set1 #ce1gj ,in*es4 ,j aft] ! tap 0 sp5t1 #bb1ai ,in*es4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wort made ( ^! two pieces gaug$ 9 ! copp]1 #ag #j #j ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] us$ = ! ?ird ma% 0 #h #c #f ,! ma% gaug$ j be=e ! tap 0 set #ca1aj ,in*es4 ,& j aft] ! tap 0 sp5t1 #ba1gg ,in*es4 ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,! wat] us$ = ! f\r? ma% 0 #h #c #f ,! ma% gaug$ j be=e ! tap 0 set #cj1ej ,in*es4 ,& j aft] ! tap 0 sp5t #ba1fj ,in*es4 ,! heat ( ! fir/ extract 0 #adb degrees4 ,n[1 by ! table ( expansions 7page #bef74 ,g4 ,if #h1je #g1j #bj1be ( cold wat]1 ^u #gjj an in* 9 ma% tun4 ------- #h1je7adagejj7ag1fj w be ! real #hje quantity ( wat] ----- ^u an in* 9 ! #fabe ma% tun1 :5 heat$ #efce to #adb degrees4 ----- #dijj #dhcj ----- #gjj ,b4 ,f4 ,g4 ,quantity ( wat] 9 ! fir/ ma%1 #aa #b #d #cd ---- #dd #cc #ag #d ---- #cie ,d$uction = ! evaporation at ?is p]iod1 "o six?1 #fe1hc ------ #cbi1ag true quantity ( ! wat] = ! fir/ ma%1 :i* mu/ be divid$ by ! real quantity ( wat] conta9$ ^u an in* 9 ! ma% tun4 #ag1fj7cbi1agjj 7#ah1gj in*es tak5 up #agfj 9 ! ma% tun1 by ------ ! wat] us$ 9 #aecag ! fir/ ma%4 #adjhj ------ #abcgj #abcbj ------ #ej ,! ma% gaug$ j be=e ! tap 0 set #bf1be ,in*es4 ,all[$ = ! space "u ! false bottoms #j1ff ------ #bf1ia ,in*es tak5 up by ! wat] ( ! fir/ ma% #ah1gj ------ ,space occupi$ by ^! #h qu>t]s ( malt #h7 #h1ba ,in*es ( ------ ma% tun4 ,space occupi$ by "o qu>t] #a1jb #ag1fj ------ #fabj #gad #ajb ------- #ag1iebj ,gallons ( wat] equal 9 volume to "o qu>t] ( ?is malt4 ,excise gauge )\t ! bills ( mortality4 ,if #g1jj #h1je #cd #cd ------ #cbbj #bdae ------ #g1jj7bgc1gj ------ #ci1aj ,expansion ( ! b>rel ( wat]1 out ( :i* #a_/g?1 #e1eh1 is to be d$uct$ = evaporation4 ------ ,rema9s1 #cc1eb = ! b>rel ( wat] r$uc$1 :i* ! qu>t] ( malt1 or #ag1ie1 is to be comp>$ to4 ,excise gauge )9 ! bills ( mortality4 ,if #g1jj #h1je #cf #cf ----- #dhcj #bdae ------ #g1jj7bhi1hj7da1dd ,expansion ( "o b>rel ( #bhjj wat]1 ----- #eib #a_/g? to be d$uct$ = evaporation4 #ihj ---- #gjj #ce1eb ,b>rel ( wat] r$uc$1 ----- :i* ! qu>t] ( malt1 #bhjj or #ag1ie is to be comp>$ #bhjj to4 ----- #ag1ie7cc1ebjj7a1hf ,quantity ( malt dri$ to #adj degrees #agie equal to "o b>rel ( wat]4 ----- #aeegj #adcfj ----- #abajj #ajggj ----- #accj #ag1ie7ce1cgjj7a1ig ,quantity ( malt dri$ to #adj degrees1 #agie equal to "o b>rel ( ------ wat]1 accord+ to ! excise #agdbj gauge )9 ! bills ( mortality4 #afaee ------ #abfej #abefe ------ ,hav+ f\nd ! volume ( malt at two di/ant t]ms ( dryness1 we might divide ! int]m$iate degrees 9 ! same mann] z we h done be=e1 c\ld ! c]ta9ty ( ^! calculations be entirely dep5d$ ^u2 b z "s all[ances h be5 made )\t imm$iate pro(1 h[ ne> soev] tru? ! result !re( may f exp]im5ts appe>1 x may be prop] to po9t out :at is want+ to make our suppositions satisfactory4 ,"s "p ( ! calculation dep5ds on ! quantity evaporat$2 ?is1 9 ! same space ( "t1 may be m or less1 z ! fire "u ! wat] is brisk or sl[1 or z ! weight ( ! atmosph]e diff]s4 ,! gauges are tak5 at ! "t ! malt & wat] are 9 contact1 & m or less wat] may be imbib$ 9 proportion1 bo? ( ! dryness & age ( ! malt2 wat] z a fluid1 malt z a por\s solid body1 mu/ diff] 9 _! expansion1 b 9 :at proportion is to me unkn[n2 eff]vesc5ce may be ano!r cause ( want ( exactness2 ! diff]5t cut ! malt has _h 9 ! mill1 its be+ or n be+ truly prep>$1 & la/ly ! diff]5ce z to "t1 ( ! ma%+ or /&+ ( ! gri/1 prev5t our rely+ :olly ^u ! calculation4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n improbable t "s ( ^! incid5ts correct "o ano!r4 ,s9ce #a1gj qu>t] ( malt dri$ to #abe degrees are equal to "o b>rel ( wat]1 & #a1hf qu>t] ( malt dri$ to #adj h ! same volume1 ! diff]5ce be+ b #af p>ts out ( #ajj1 ! :ole ( ! error _c be v great1 & "o qu>t] six bu%els ( malt may1 at a m$ium1 be e/imat$ ( ! same volume ) "o b>rel ( wat]4 ,b1 z exp]i5ce is ! sure/ guide1 ,i h1 f a v great numb] ( diff]5t brew+s1 collect$ ! foll[+ proportions1 & repeat$ly f\nd !m to be true4 ,i h add$1 9 ! table1 ! weight malt ought to h1 at e degree ( dryness4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! quantity ( malt ( e degree ( dryness1 equal to ! volume ( "o b>rel ( wat]1 & ( ! mean weight ( "o qu>t] 9 proportion to its dryness4 ,excise gauge ,excise gauge ,degree ( )\t ! bills4 )9 ! bills4 ,weight 9 dryness4 ,volume ( gra94 ,volume ( gra94 p\nds4 ,b>ley #hj #a1ef #a1ei #cgf #ajj #a1fb #a1fc #cjf #aje #a1fb #a1fg #cja #aaj #a1fe #a1ga #bif #aae #a1fg #a1ge #bia ,malt #aai #a1fh #a1gi #bhf #abd #a1ga #a1hc #bha #abi #a1gd #a1hg #bgf #acd #a1gg #a1ia #bga #ach #a1hj #a1ie #bff #adc #a1hc #b1jj #bfa #adh #a1hf #b1jc #bef #aeb #a1hi #b1jg #bea #aeg #a1ib #b1aa #bdf #afb #a1ie #b1ae #bda #afg #a1ih #b1ai #bcf #aga #b1ja #b1bc #bca #agf #b1jd #b1bg #bbf ,) a table ?us con/ruct$1 x is v easy to r$uce e gri/ to its prop] volume ( wat]4 ,suppose ^? ( ! brew+s we h already m5tion$2 t ( ! small be] consi/s ( #f qu>t]s ( malt dri$ to #acj degrees1 ! proportion ( :i* 9 ! table is z #a1ge to #a4 ,qu>t] ( malt4 ,b>rel ( wat]4 ,malt4 ,wat]4 ,if #a1ge #a #f #c1db4 ,^! six qu>t]s ( malt occupy !re=e an equal volume ) #c1db b>rels ( wat]4 ,a br[n be] gri/ ( #aa qu>t]s dri$ to #acj degrees2 ! proportion ( ?is 9 ! table is z #a1gd to #a4 ,malt4 ,wat]4 ,malt4 ,wat]4 ,if #a1gd #a #aa #f1cb ,! volume ( ^! #aa qu>t]s ( malt is !re=e ! same ) t ( #f1cb b>rels ( wat]1 & ! :ole be+ br\ght to "o d5om9ation1 we are enabl$ to f9d ! heat ( ! fir/ ma%2 b ! eff]vesc5ce occasion$ by ! union ( ! malt & wat] mu/ prev5t ?is calculation be+ /rictly true1 ! consid]ation ( :i* %all take place h]eaft]4 ,! circum/ances are diff]5t 9 ! o!r ma%es3 ! wat]s us$ = ^!1 meet a gri/ already saturat$1 & ! volume is increas$ beyond ! quantity f\nd = dry malt4 ,! quantity to be all[$ = ?is increase _c be det]m9$ by our =m] calculations1 & new trials are to be made1 9 ord] to fix ^u ! true proportion4 ,gaug+ is und\bt$ly ! mo/ c]ta9 me?od ( proce$+ 9 ^! rese>*es2 b ev5 ?is becomes less sure1 on acc\nt ( ! expansion1 evaporation1 eff]vesc5ce1 & o!r incid5ts already m5tion$4--,our errors h[ev] _c be v consid]able1 :5 we d$uce our conclusions f num]\s & suffici5tly v>i$ exp]im5ts4 ,! volume ( ! gri/ ( pale malt 0 f\nd1 aft] ! p>t+ ( ! fir/ extract1 to be #ae1da in*es1 ?\gh ! space occupi$ by ! malt1 :5 dry1 0 only #e1ea in*es3 & ! volume ( ! br[n gri/1 at ! same p]iod1 0 #bb1cf in*es1 ?\gh ! dry malt fill$ only a space ( #h1ba in*es4 ,! proportion 9 bo? ^! cases1 & 9 all ^? :i* ,i h tri$1 answ]s ne>ly to "o ?ird1 s t ! volume ( ! gri/1 9 ! second & all subsequ5t ma%es1 may be e/imat$ at ?ree times ! bulk ( ! malt :5 dry1 & ?is is suffici5tly accurate = ! op]ations ( brew+1 9 :i*1 = conv5i5cy sake1 ! application ( :ole numb]s %\ld be effect$4 ,z x is f\nd1 by ! gauges1 t ! goods1 aft] ! sev]al taps are sp5t1 rema9 s5sibly ( ! same volume1 or at lea/ v little dim9i%$2 may we n conclude1 ! p>ts absorb$ by ! wat]1 9 :i* ! virtue ( ! gra9 & ! /r5g? ( ! be] consi/1 are conta9$ 9 an amaz+ small compass8 ,x is inde$ true t hot wat]s & repeat$ ma%es d swell some:at ! hulls & sk9s ( ! malt1 b no all[ance made = ?is increase w be suffici5t1 to remove ! cause ( our surprise4 ,,section ,,xi4 ,( ! ,proportion ( cold ,wat] to be add$ to t :i* is on ! po9t ( ,boil+1 9 ,ord] to obta9 ! desir$ heat 9 ! ,extract4 ,! degree ( heat1 :i* causes wat] to boil is det]m9$1 by ,f>5heit's scale1 to #bab4 ,x is 9 our p[] to give to any "p ( ! extract+ wat] ?is degree ( heat2 & by add+ to x a suffici5t proportion ( wat] ( an equal heat ) t ( ! air1 & bl5d+ ^! two quantities ) ! gri/1 to br+ ! :ole to ! requir$ temp]ature4 ,! rules = obta9+ ?is end are extremely simple1 & _c be unkn[n to ^?1 :o are skill$ 9 ari?metical op]ations4 ,b z our view is to r5d] ?is "p ( our "w g5]ally useful1 we ?9k x w be prop] briefly to lay d[n ^! rules1 & to illu/rate !m by ! examples ( our two brew+s4 ,rule to asc]ta9 ! heat ( ! fir/ ,ma%4 ,let a express ! degree ( boil+ wat]1 b ! actual heat ( ! air1 c ! requir$ degree = ! extract1 m ! :ole quantity ( wat] to be us$1 n ! volume ( ! malt2 x1 t "p ( ! wat]1 :i* is to be made to boil1 w be det]m9$ by ! foll[+ equation4 ----- ----- c - b m n x ---------------------- a - b ,! quantity ( wat] us$1 add$ 77 to ! volume ( ! gri/4 ,_! sum 7z7 multipli$ 77 by ! heat requir$1 less 7-7 ! heat ( ! air4 ,?is produce divid$ 77 by ! heat ( boil+ wat] 7#bab7 less 7-7 ! heat ( ! air w quote h[ mu* is to be made to boil or br\ght ?r\gh 7#bab7 t is h[ high ! copp] is to be *>g$1 ! rema9d] ( ! l5g? ( ! :ole liquor = ?is ma%1 is ! quantity to be cool$ 94 ,! fir/ example is t ( a brew+ ( small be]1 :5 ! heat ( ! air is at #fj1 7see page #bcb47 ,! volume ( ! #f qu>t]s ( malt 0 e/imat$ at #c1db b>rels1 7see page #bfh27 ! fir/ liquor is #ad-a_/b b>rels1 7see page #bdg7 & ! heat requir$ = ! fir/ ma% #aed degrees1 7see page #bdg47 ,fir/ ,ma%4 m #ad1ej ,b>rels ( wat] n #c1db ,volume ( gri/ ------ m n #ag1ib c #aed ,heat ( ! fir/ ma%1 #id b #fj ,heat ( ! air1 ---- ---- 7a7 heat ( c - b #id boil+ wat]1 #bab #gafh b heat ( ! air1 #fj #afabh ---- ------ a - b #aeb 7#afhddh 7#aajh b>rels ( wat]1 to #aeb be made to boil out ( ---- ! #ad #a_/b b>rels :i* #afd are allott$ = ! fir/ #aeb ma%4 ,! incid5ts to ---- be m5tion$1 are n #abdh consid]$ 9 ?is calculation4 #abaf ---- ,! next example ( a brew+ is t ( a gri/ ( elev5 qu>t]s ( malt = port] or br[n be]2 ! m$ium heat ( ! air is =ty degrees1 ! volume ( ! gri/1 #f1cb b>rels1 7see page #bfh7 ! fir/ liquor to ma% ) sixte5 b>rels1 7see page #bde7 & ! heat expect$ 9 ! ma%1 "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5 & a half#bi degrees4 7,see page #bde74 ,fir/ ,ma% ( br[n /rong be]4 #af1jj ,b>rels ( wat] #f1cb ,volume ( malt ----- #aeg ,heat requir$ 9 ! ma%1 vide page #bdg4 #bb1cb #aag #dj ,heat ( ! air4 ------ ----- ,heat ( boil+ #aefbd #aag wat]1 #bab #bbcb ----- ,heat ( air1 #dj #bbcb ----- ------- #agb 7#bfaadd 7#ae1ah b>rels ( wat]1 to be #agb made to boil out ( ! #af b>rels4 ----- #hia #hfj ----- #cad #acbd ----- ,iwill give "o pro( ( ! c]ta9ty ( ?is rule1 by sett+ d[n ! /ate ( ?is fir/ ma% f x4 #ae1ah #bab ------- #cjcf #aeah #cjcf ------- ,a4 #cbah1af ,numb] ( degrees ( heat 9 #ad1ff b>rels ( boil+ wat]4 #af1jj ,b>rels ( wat] to fir/ ma%4 #ae1ah ,b>rels made to boil4 ------ 1#hb ,b>rel to cool 94 #dj ,heat ( cold wat]4 ,b4 #cb1hj ,numb] ( degrees ( heat 9 #a1cd b>rels ( cold wat]4 #ae1ah ,boil+ wat]4 1#hb ,cold wat]4 #f1cb ,volume ( gri/4 ------ ,c4 #bb1cb ,b>rels1 volume ( ! :ole ma%4 #f1cb ,b>rels1 volume ( ! #aa qu>t]s ( malt4 1#dj ,heat ( ! gri/4 ------ #beb1hj ,numb] ( degrees ( heat 9 ! gri/4 #cb1hj ,b4 #cbah1af ,a4 ------- ,c4 #bb1cb 7 #cejcgf 7#aeg degrees ( heat requir$ 9 ! #bbcb fir/ ma%1 z above4 ------- #abgag #aaafj -------- #aeegf #aefbd ----- ,s long z ! mixture consi/s only ( two quantities ( diff]5t heat1 z is always ! case ( ! fir/ ma%1 ! prec$+ solution takes place4 ,b 9 ! second & o!r ma%es1 :]e ?ree bodies are conc]n$1 ea* ( diff]5t heat1 viz4 ! boil+ wat]1 ! cold wat]1 & ! ma%1 are to be mix$1 & br\ght to a det]m9ate degree1 ! rule mu/ be diff]5t2 yet1 l ! =m]1 x is ! same ) :at is us$ 9 simil> cases ( allay+1 :5 diff]5t metals are to be melt$ d[n into a comp\nd ( a c]ta9 /&>d1 or diff]5t +r$i5ts ( diff]5t value to be bl5d$1 9 ord] to make a mixture ( a det]m9ate price4 ,:at ! diff]5t d5sity ( ! metals1 or ! diff]5t value ( ! +r$i5ts are1 9 ^! cases1 ! diff]5t degrees ( heat ( ! boil+ wat]1 ! gri/1 & ! air1 are 9 ?is4 ,rule to asc]ta9 ! heat ( ! second ma%1 & ( ! subsequ5t ones4 ,let ! same lett]s /& = ! ?+s !y signifi$ be=e1 & d express ! actual heat ( ! gri/1 !n w ----- ----- x c - b m c - d n ------------------------- a - b or 9 pla9 t]ms1 ! heat requir$ less 7-7 ! heat ( ! air1 multipli$ 77 by ! quantity ( wat] us$4 ,! heat requir$ less 7-7 ! heat ( ! goods1 multipli$ 77 by ! volume ( ! goods4 ,_! sum 7z7 divid$ 77 by ! heat ( boil+ wat]1 7#bab7 less 7-7 ! heat ( ! air4 ,w quote ! quantity to be made to boil1 or to be br\ght ?r\gh 7#bab7 ! rema9d] "p ( ! :ole liquor = ! ma% is consequ5tly ! quantity to be cool$ 94 ,we may n[ collect ! circum/ances ( ! two brew+s1 & f9d ! quantity ( boil+ wat]1 requir$ = _! second & subsequ5t ma%es1 exclusively ( ! incid5ts :i* w h]eaft] be m5tion$4 ,! fir/ ma% = ! six qu>t]s ( small be]1 _h #aed degrees ( heat1 b ?is & e ma% loses1 9 ! "t ! extract is p>t+ f x1 #d degrees1 :i* r$uces ! heat to #aej degrees4 ,! volume ( ?is gri/1 9 its dry /ate1 0 #c1db b>rels1 b n[1 by be+ exp&$1 & hav+ imbib$ mu* wat]1 x occupies ?ree times t space1 or #aj1bf b>rels2 ! air is suppos$ to cont9ue 9 ! same /ate ( #fj degrees ( heat4 ,! l5g? & heat to be giv5 to ! ?ree rema9+ ma%es1 are z foll[s4 7,see page #bdg47 ,degrees ( heat1 #aed #aff #agj #agd ,b>rels ( wat]1 #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/b #aa #aa ,liquors1 #a/ #b;d #c;d #d? v v #a wort4 #b wort4 ,second ,ma% = ,small ,be]4 c #aff ,heat requir$ 9 ! ma%4 d #aej ,heat ( ! goods4 ---- c - d #af n #ajbf ,volume ( ! goods4 ----- #if #cb #afj ------ c - d n #afdaf ------ c #aff ,heat requir$ 9 ! ma%4 b #fj ,heat ( ! air4 ------ c - b #ajf m #adej ,b>rels ( wat]4 ------ #ecjj #dbd #ajf -------- c - b m #aecgjj c - d n #afdaf -------- a - b #aeb7agjaaf7aa1ai ,b>rels ( wat] to be made to #aeb boil out ( ! quantity allott$ a #bab ----- = ! second ma%4 b #fj #aha --- #aeb #aeb ----- #bia #aeb ----- #acif #acfh ,?ird ,ma%4 #agj ,heat ( ma%4 #agj ,heat ( #crd ma%4 #fj ,heat ( air4 #afb ,heat ( goods4 ---- ---- #aaj #h #aajj ,b>rels ( wat] #ajbf ,volume ( gri/4 ------ #c;d ma%4 ---- #aajjj #hbjh #aaj ------ #abajjj #hbjh ------- #aeb7abibjh7h1ej ,b>rels to be made to boil out ( ! #abaf quantity ( wat] all[$ = ! ------ ?ird ma%4 #gfj #gfj ----- #h ,f\r? ,ma%4 #agd ,heat ( #d? ma%4 #agd ,heat ( #d? ma%4 #fj ,heat ( air4 #aff ,heat ( goods4 ------ ----- #aad #h #aa1jj ,b>rels ( wat] #ajbf ,volume ( goods4 ------ = #d? ma%4 ----- #aadjj #dh #aad #af ------ #hj #abedjj ------- #hbjh #hbjh ------ #aeb7accfjh7hgi ,b>rels to be made to boil out ( ! #abaf quantity ( wat] all[$ = ! ------ f\r? ma%4 #abjj #ajfd ----- #acfh #acfh ----- ,! liquors ( ?is brew+ ( common small be]1 :5 ! mean heat ( ! air is #fj degrees1 mu/ !re=e be ord]$ 9 ! foll[+ mann] 7! incid5ts h]eaft] to be notic$1 except$47 #a ,liqr4 #b ,liqr4 #c ,liqr4 #d ,liqr4 ,l5g?s ( liquors1 #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/b #aa #aa ------ ------ ------ ------ ,boil+ wat]2 b>rels1 #aa #aa-a_/b #h-a_/b #h-c_/d ,cold wat]2 b>rels1 #c-a_/b #c-a_/d #b-a_/b #b-a_/d ------ ------ ------ ------ #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/d #aa #aa ------ ------ ------ ------ ,! heat ( ! fir/ ma% = ! #aa qu>t]s ( br[n be]1 0 #aeg degrees1 7see page #bde7 & aft] ! p>t+ ( ! extract f x1 #aec2 ! volume ( ! gri/1 9 its dry /ate1 0 valu$ at #f1cb b>rels ( wat]1 7see page #bfh7 b1 = ! reasons be=e m5tion$1 x n[ occupies ?ree times t space1 or #ah1if b>rels4 ,! air is suppos$ to cont9ue at #dj degrees1 & ! l5g? & heat to be giv5 to ! diff]5t ma%es1 7 det]m9$ z foll[s3 7see page #bde47 ,degree ( heat1 #aeg #aeh #afb #afd #afe ,b>rels ( wat]1 #af #h #ab #i #i ,liquors2 #a/ #b;d #c;d #d? #e? v v v #a wort4 #b wort4 #c wort4 ,second ,ma% ( ,port]1 or br[n /rong4 #bab ,boil+ wat]4 #dj ,heat ( air4 --- #agb #aeh ,heat ( #bnd ma%4 #aec ,heat ( ! gri/ or goods4 ---- #e #ahif ,volume ( goods ---- #aeh ,heat ( #bnd ma% #cj #dj ,heat ( air #de ---- #dj #aah #e #h1jj ,b>rels ( ------ ------ wat]4 #idhj #iddjj #idhj ------ #agb7ajchhj7f1jc ,b>rels ( wat] to be made to boil = #ajcb ! second ma%4 ------ #fhj #eaf ---- ,?ird ,ma%4 #bab ,heat ( boil+ wat]4 #dj ,heat ( air4 ---- #agb #afb ,heat ( #crd ma%4 #aed ,heat ( goods4 ------ #afb ,heat ( #crd ma%4 #h #dj ,heat ( air4 #ah1if ---- ------ #abb #dh #ab1jj ,b>4 ( wat]4 #gb ------- #fd #adfdjj #h #aeafh ------ ---------- #aeafh #agb7afaefh7i1de ,b>rels ( wat] to be made to boil = #aedh ?ird ma%4 ------ #ggf #fhh ------ #hhh #hfj ------ ,f\r? ,ma%4 #afd ,heat ( #d? ma%4 #aeh ,heat ( goods4 ----- #f #ah1if ,volume ( gri/ wett$4 #afd ,heat ( #d? ma%4 ----- #dj ,heat ( air4 #cf ------ #ed #abd #dh #i1jj ,b>s4 ( wat]4 #f ------- ------- #aaafjj #aacgf #aacgf ------- ------- #agb7abbigf7g1ad ,b>rels ( wat] to be made to boil = #abjd ! f\r? ma%4 ------ #beg #agb ------ #hef #fhh ------ #afh ,fif? ,ma%4 #afe ,heat ( #e? ,ma%4 #afj ,heat ( ,goods4 ---- #e #ah1if #afe ,heat ( #e? ma%4 ----- #dj ,heat ( air4 #cj ---- #de #abe #dj #i1jj ,b>rels ( wat]4 #e ------- ------ #aadejj #idhj #idhj ------- #agb7abcihj7g1bj ,b>rels ( wat] to be made to boil = #abjd ! #e? ma%4 ------ #ceh #cdd ------ #adj ,! liquors ( ?is brew+ ( br[n be] mu/ !re=e be ord]$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,b>rels ( boil+ wat]1 #ae-a_/d #f #i-a_/b #g #g ,b>rels ( cold wat]1 #c_/d #b #b-a_/b #b #b ------ ---- -------- ---- ---- #af #h #ab #i #i ,liquors1 #a/4 #bnd4 #crd4 #d?4 #e?4 ,:at 9 ! brew]y is g5]ally call$ cool+ 91 mu/ be settl$ = ?is brew+ accord+ to ! numb] ( b>rels ( cold wat] specifi$ z above1 ! incid5ts h]eaft] to be notic$ except$4 ,ea* ( ^! calculations may be prov$ 9 ! same mann] z 0 done be=e4 ,?is me?od ( discov]+ ! proportion ( wat] to be cool$ 91 des]ves1 on acc\nt ( its pla9ness & utility1 to be pref]r$ to any o!r1 :i* dep5d only ^u ! unc]ta9 det]m9ation ( our s5ses4 ,,section ,,xii4 ,,( ,,ma%+4 ,( late ye>s1 great progress has be5 made t[>ds p]fect+ ! con/ruction & disposition ( brew-h\se ut5sils1 :i* seem to admit ( v little f>!r improvem5t4 ,! great copp]1 9 :i* ! wat]s = two ( ! extracts receive _! temp]ature1 is built v ne> ! ma% tun1 s t ! liquid may readily be convey$ to ! gr\nd malt1 )\t los+ any consid]able heat4 ,a cock is plac$ at ! bottom ( ! copp]1 :i* be+ op5$1 lets ! wat] h its c\rse1 ?r\gh a trunk1 to ! real bottom ( ! ma% tun4 ,x soon fills ! vacant space1 =ces itself a passage ?r\gh _m holes made 9 a false bottom1 :i* supports ! gri/1 &1 z ! wat] increases 9 quantity1 x buoys up ! :ole body ( ! corn4 ,9 ord] to bl5d toge!r ! wat] & ! malt1 rakes are fir/ employ$4 ,by _! horizontal motion1 less viol5t ?an t ( ma%+1 ! f9e/ p>ts ( ! fl[] are wett$1 & prev5t$ f be+ scatt]$ ab\t1 or lo/ 9 ! air4 ,b z a m intimate p5etration & mixture are necess>y1 o>s are aft]w>ds made use (4 ,!y move ne>ly p]p5dicul>ly1 & by _! beat+1 or ma%+1 ! gra9s ( ! malt are bruis$1 & a ?or\gh imbibition ( ! wat] procur$4 ,! "t employ$ 9 ?is op]ation _c be settl$ ) an absolute precision4 ,x ought to be cont9u$1 till ! malt is suffici5tly incorporat$ ) ! wat]1 b n s long z till ! heat necess>y to ! gri/ be less5$4 ,z bodies cool m or less spe$ily1 9 proportion to _! volume1 & ! cohesion ( _! p>ts1 a ma% :i* has b little wat]1 commonly call$ a /iff ma%1 requires a long] ma%+ to be suffici5tly divid$1 &1 f its t5acity1 is less liable to lose its heat4 ,?is acc\nts = ! g5]al rule1 t ! fir/ ma% ought always to be ! longe/4 ,aft] ma%+1 ! malt & wat] are suff]$ to /& toge!r unmov$1 g5]ally = a space ( "t equal to t !y 7 ma%$ 94 ,0 ! extract drawn f ! gra9 z soon z ! ma%+ is ov]1 _m ( ! p>ticles ( ! malt w\ld be br\ght away undissolv$1 & ! liquor be turbid1 ?\gh n ri*4 ,b1 by leav+ x "s "t 9 contact ) ! gra91 )\t any ext]nal motion1 _m advantages are ga9$4 ,! diff]5t p>ts ( ! extract acquire an uni=m heat1 ! heavie/ & mo/ t]re/rial subside1 ! pores be+ op5$1 by heat1 imbibe m readily ! wat]1 & give way to ! att5uation & dissolution ( ! oils4 ,:5 ! tap comes to be set1 or ! extract to be drawn f ! gri/1 z ! bottom ( ! ma% is become m compact1 ! liquor is a long] "t 9 its passage ?r\gh x1 is 9 a mann] /ra9$1 & consequ5tly extracts m /r5g? f ! malt1 & becomes m homog5e\s & transp>5t4 ,su* are ! reasons :y ! gri/ %\ld n only be ma%$ pretty long1 b likewise be suff]$ to re/ an equal "t4 ,x is ! practice ( mo/ brew]s1 & exp]i5ce %ews x is be/1 to rake ! fir/ ma% half an h\r1 to ma% x "o h\r m1 & to suff] x to /& "o h\r & a half4 ,! next extract is commonly ma%$ ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 & /&s ! same space ( "t2 ! ?ird1 & all t foll[1 are all[$ "o half h\r ea*1 bo? = ma%+ & /&+4 ,! heat ( ! gri/ be+ 9 ?is mann] equally spread1 & ! infusion1 hav+ receiv$ all ! /r5g? f ! malt1 :i* su* a heat c\ld give x1 aft] e ma%+ & /&+1 is let out ( ! tun4 ,?is1 und\bt$ly1 is ! fitte/ "t to obs]ve :e!r our expectations h be5 answ]$4 ,! !rmomet] is ! only in/rum5t prop] = ?is purpose1 & ought to be plac$1 or held1 :]e ! tap is set1 adjo9+ to ! m\? ( ! und]back cock4 ,! obs]vation is be/ made1 :5 ! extract has run ne>ly half2 & z1 by x1 we are to judge ) :at success ! process is c>ri$ on1 x is necess>y to exam9e e incid5t1 :i* may cause a deviation f ! calculat$ heat4 ,,section ,,xiii4 ,( ! ,incid5ts1 :i* cause ! ,heat ( ! ,extract to v>y f ! ,calculation1 ! all[ances !y require1 & ! means to obviate _! effects4 ,by incid5ts1 ,i und]/& su* causes z effect ei!r ! malt1 ! wat]1 or ! ma%1 dur+ ! "t ! brew+ is c>ry+ on1 s z to occasion _! heat to diff] f :at is det]m9$ by calculation4 ,z ^! might frequ5tly be a reason ( disappo9tm5t1 an inquiry into _! numb] & effects w n only furni% means to prev5t & rectify ! errors !y occasion1 b also s]ve to confirm ?is practice4 ,9 our rese>*es on ! volume ( malt1 "s notice 0 tak5 ( ! increase ( bodies by heat1 & ! loss occasion$ by evaporation4 ,wat]1 :5 on ! po9t ( ebullition1 occupies ! l>ge/ space x is susceptible (2 b contract+ aga91 :5 cold wat] is add$ to x1 ! true volume ( bo?1 :5 mix$ toge!r1 rema9s unc]ta91 & may cause a diff]5ce betwe5 ! calculat$ & real degree ( heat4 ,?is cause1 h[ev]1 produc+ an effect opposite to1 & balanc$ 9 "p by evaporation1 becomes s inconsid]able1 z h>dly to des]ve any f>!r consid]ation4 ,wat]1 j on ! po9t ( ebullition1 may be e/eem$ heat$ to #bab degrees4 ,?\gh1 by ! cont9uation ( ! fire1 or by any o!r cause#cj1 ! heat nev] goes beyond ?is1 yet 0 cold wat] add$ to t1 :i* viol5tly boils1 ! degree expect$ f ! mixture w\ld be exce$$2 = ! cold wat] absorb+ ! sup]flu\s quantity ( fire1 :i* o!rwise flies (f1 becomes hot itself1 & fru/rates ! int5t4 ,! "t1 !re=e1 ( add+ ! cold wat] to ! hot is imm$iately be=e ! ebullition beg9s1 or :5 x is j end$2 & 9 proportion z we deviate f ?is practice1 ! heat 9 ! extract w diff] f ! calculat$ degree4 ,! wat]1 = e ma%1 %\ld1 z ne> z possible1 be got ready to boil1 & be cool$ 9 j be=e x is to be us$4 ,a liquor1 :i* rema9s a long "t aft] ! ebullition is ov]1 & ! fire has be5 damp$ up1 loses "p ( its heat1 if cold wat] is appli$ to x1 ! effect _c be ! same z x w\ld h be5 at fir/4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! liquor is got ready too soon1 & cold wat] imm$iately add$ to x1 9 ord] to ga9 ! prop] degree ( temp]ature1 by leav+ ! mixture long toge!r1 ?\gh ! fire is /opp$ up1 m heat ?an necess>y w be receiv$ f ! copp] & brickwork1 especially if ! ut5sils are l>ge4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! degree 9 ! extract w n answ] ! int5t4 ,! effect ( eff]vesc5ce next des]ves our consid]ation1 b ?is takes place only :5 ! wat] fir/ comes 9 contact ) ! malt4 ,g]m9at$ gra9s mu/1 to become malt1 be dri$ s1 t _! p>ticles are made to rec$e f "o ano!r1 ?us depriv$ ( ! p>ts1 to :i* _! union 0 due1 :5 !y come 9 contact ) o!r bodies1 7z wat]7 !y /rongly attract ! unitive p>ticles !y want1 & excite an inte/9e motion1 :i* g5]ates heat4 ,?is motion & ?is heat are m active 9 proportion z ! gra9 has m /rongly be5 impress$ by fire1 & ! extract+ wat] is hott]4 ,a l>ge quantity ( liquor appli$ to ! gri/ is less heat$ ?an a small "o1 by ! p[] ( eff]vesc5ce4 ,! lea/ quantity ( wat]1 necess>y to %ew t p[]1 mu/ be j s mu* z ! malt requires to be saturat$1 :i* we h se5 to be d\ble ! volume ( ! gra94 ,:5 m wat] ?an ?is is appli$ to ! gri/1 ! real eff]vesc+ heat is by s mu* less5$1 be+ disp]s$ 9 m ?an a suffici5t space4 ,a table %ew+ ! heat ( eff]vesc5ce = e degree ( dryness 9 ! malt1 c only be =m$ f obs]vations4 ,to apply ?is table to practice1 & to f9d out1 = any quantity ( wat] us$ 9 ! fir/ ma%1 ! degrees ( heat produc$ by eff]vesc5ce1 ?ree times ! volume ( ! gri/ mu/ be multipli$ by ! numb] express+ ! eff]vesc+ heat = malt ( su* a degree ( dryness1 & ?is produce be divid$ by ! real volume ( ! :ole ma%4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! heat occasion$ by ! eff]vesc+ ( malt1 = its sev]al degrees ( dryness4 ,dryness ,heat ( ( malt4 eff]vesc5ce4 #aai #j #abd #c-a_/b #abi #g #acd #aj-a_/b #ach #ad #adc #ag-a_/b #adh #ba #aeb #bd-a_/b #aeg #bh #afb #ca #afg #ce #aga #ch-a_/b #agf #dj ,malt dri$ only to #aai degrees1 raises no eff]vesc5ce1 & ! /ronge/ is g5]at$ by malt dri$ to #agf degrees2 ! heat produc$ by ?is am\nts to #dj degrees1 b ! numb] ( eff]vesc+ degrees1 9 ?is or any o!r case1 are rea*$ b f success att5d+ our endeav\rs1 ultimately to p5etrate ! malt by heat$ wat]1 or n until ! gri/ is p]fectly saturat$1 :i*1 9 po9t ( "t1 g5]ally takes up ! :ole space ( ! fir/ ma%+ & /&+2 ! air1 !re=e1 _c cause any dim9ution ( heat1 an incid5t :i* affects consid]ably e subsequ5t ma%4 ,! little copp] be+ m di/ant f ! ma% tun ?an ! o!r1 ! wat] !re prep>$1 9 its passage to ! goods1 loses "s "p ( its heat4 ,& 9 proportion to ! quantity ( wat] us$1 to ! numb] ( ! extracts t h be5 made1 & accord+ z ! ma%es h m or less consi/5cy1 9 ! same "t d !y "p ) m or less ( _! heat4 ,obs]vations made sep>ately ^u /rong & small be]1 h %ewn ! proportions ( ?is loss to be z foll[s3 ,= /rong be]4 ,ma%es #b;d #c;d #d? #e? ,heat lo/ #h #ab #h #h ,= small be]4 ,ma%es #b;d #c;d #d? ,heat lo/ #h #af #bj ,a gri/ n p]fectly malt$1 or "o :i* conta9s _m h>d corns1 disappo9ts ! expectation ( ! comput$ degree1 z ! volume _c be su* z 0 e/imat$ f an equal dryness ( true g]m9at$ gra94 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t1 9 p]fect malt1 ! %oot is v ne> press+ ?r\gh ! ext]ior sk94 ,by s mu* z x is defici5t 9 ?is p>ticul>1 mu/ x be acc\nt$ only z dri$ b>ley1 or h>d corn4 ,i "k no bett] way ( judg+ :at proportion ( ! corn is h>d to :at is malt$1 ?an by putt+ "s 9 wat]1 ! gra9s n suffici5tly gr[n w s9k to ! bottom4 ,7 ?is to be done 9 a glass cyl9d]1 ! proportion betwe5 ! h>d & malt$ corn might be f\nd ) exactness4--,! unmalt$ p>ts be+ e/imat$ ) reg>d to _! volume1 z b>ley1 a qu>t] ( !m w be to ! b>rel ( wat] z #a1ef to #aca4 ,suppos+1 !re=e1 t1 9 ! br[n be] gri/1 be=e m5tion$1 ! proportion ( h>d corns is ( two qu>t]s out ( elev51 to discov] ! true volume ( su* a gri/1 ! foll[+ rule may be us$4 #b qu>t]s ( h>d malt #i qu>t]s ( true malt #a1ef volume ( #a1gd volume at #acj ( ---- #a qu>t] ----- dryness #c1ab #ae1ff #c1ab volume ( #b qu>t]s ( h>d corn ,total -------- numb4 #aa7 #ah1gh 7#a1gj true volume ( "o qu>t] ( ?is malt to "o b>rel ( wat]1 & consequ5tly ! elev5 qu>t]s w fill a space equal to t ( #f1dg b>rels4 ,by means ( ?is rule1 we may f9d :at increase ( heat any proportion ( h>d corns w occasion1 z w be se5 9 ! foll[+ table4 ,proportions ( h>d corns #a_/d #a_/f #a_/h #a_/af #a_/cb ( ! gri/ ,great] heat ( ! ma% #d #c #b #a #a_/b degrees4 ,b ! brew+ ( su* malt ought to be avoid$ z mu* z possible1 z ! h>d p>ts af=d no /r5g? to ! extract4 ,if a gri/ is n well & ?or\ghly ma%$1 ! heat n be+ uni=mly di/ribut$ 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! extract1 ! liquor ( ! !rmomet]1 :5 plac$ 9 ! runn+ /ream ( ! tap1 w fluctuate1 &1 at diff]5t times1 %ew diff]5t degrees ( heat4 ,9 ?is case1 ! be/ way is to take ! mean ( sev]al obs]vations1 & to e/imate t to be ! true heat ( ! ma%4 ,if ! gauges ( ! copp]s are n exactly tak51 a v>iation mu/ be expect$4 ,?\gh ! small & h\rly v>iations 9 ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e h b little influ5ce ^u our numb]s1 a diff]5ce w be obs]v$ 9 any consid]able & sudd5 *anges ei!r ( ! heat or ( ! weight ( ! air4 ,our in/rum5ts1 & 9 p>ticul> ! !rmomet]1 are suppos$ to be well con/ruct$ & graduat$4 ,if ! wat] cool$ 9 ) is m or less hot ?an e/imat$1 or if ! "t ( ma%+ or /&+ is ei!r m or less ?an 0 all[$ =1 ! computation mu/ be f\nd to v>y f ! ev5t4 ,:ile ! malt is new1 if ! fire x has receiv$ f ! kiln has n suffici5tly sp5t itself1 ?is additional heat is n easily acc\nt$ =4 ,?is is likewise ! case1 :5 malt is laid aga9/ ! hot brickwork ( copp]s2 &1 on ! contr>y1 a loss ( dryness may be occasion$1 if ! /ore rooms are damp4 ,! arti/ %\ld be att5tive to all ^! incid5ts2 ! n po9t+ !m out might appe> neglectful2 enum]at+ m w\ld exce$ ! b\nds ( use4 ,small gri/s brew$ 9 l>ge ut5sils lose _! heats m readily1 by lay+ ?91 & greatly expos$ to ! air2 &1 on ! contr>y1 a less all[ance1 = ! loss ( heat1 is requir$ 9 l>ge gri/s1 & to :i* ! ut5sils are 9 proportion4 ,?is really is ! only diff]5ce betwe5 brew+s c>ri$ on 9 l>ge public bre:\ses1 & ^? made 9 small private places1 9 o!r respects con/ruct$ ^u ! same plan1 & ) an equal c>e4 ,prejudice has propagat$ an idea1 t :]e ! gri/s are l>ge1 & ! ut5sils 9 proportion1 /rong] extracts c\ld be =c$ f ! malt1 9 proportion to ! quantity1 & t m delicate be]s c\ld be made 9 small] vessels less frequ5tly us$4 ,^! ass]tions1 f :at has be5 said1 w1 ,i hope1 ne$ no f>!r enquiry3 ! degrees ( heat = ! extracts are fix$ = e int5t1 & x _c be advantage\s1 by any means1 to deviate f !m4 ,brew+s w mo/ probably succe$ 9 all places1 :]e ! gri/ is n s l>ge z to exce$ ! b\nds ( man's lab\r1 & n s small z to prev5t ! heat f be+ uni=mly ma9ta9$4 ,! disadvantages are great on all sides1 :5 a due proportion is n obs]v$ betwe5 ! ut5sils & ! works c>ri$ on4 ,x w n[ be prop] to cont9ue ! del9eation ( our two brew+s1 & to put all ! circum/ances relat+ to !m "u "o po9t ( view4 ,a brew+ = port] or br[n /rong be]1 comput$ = #dj degrees ( heat 9 ! air4 #aa qu>t]s ( malt1 dri$ to #acj degrees1 #acb p\nds ( hops = #bg b>rels #a_/b1 to g out at #c worts1 #ca ,in*es above brass4 ,volume ( gri/ #f1cb ,wat] = fir/ ma% #af1jj ------ #bb1cb #f1cb ,volume ( gri/ #f eff]vesc+ degrees4 #c #c degrees = h>d corns4 ----- ---- #ah1if #i degrees equal to #b #g ,eff]vesc5ce1 p] in*es #a_/d less cool+ table4 9 = ! fir/ ma%1 ------- 7see page #aeb47 #bb1cb7 #acb1gb 7#f degrees ( heat ga9$ 9 ! fir/ ma% #accib by eff]vesc5ce4 ,ma%es #a/ #b;d #c;d #d? #e? ,deg4 ( heat1 #aeg #aeh #afb #afd #afe ,see p4 #bhj4 ,b>rels ( wat] us$1 #af #h #ab #i #i ,see p4 #bhd4 ,quantity cool$ 9 by calculation1 #c_/d #b #b-a_/b #b #b ,see p4 #bhd4 ,boil+ wat] by ------ ------ ------ ----- ----- calculation2 b>rels1 #ae-a_/d #f #i-a_/b #g #g ,all[ances #cb;,g4 ,c4 ,l4 ,c4 ,l4 ,c4 ,l4 ,c4 = incid5ts1#cc,less #b in*es #a_/d4 m #b 94 m #c 94 m #b 94 ,l4 ,c4 m #b 94 ,c ,c ,c #cd ,a brew+ = common small be]1 comput$ = #fj degrees ( heat 9 ! air4 #f qu>t]s ( malt dri$ to #acj degrees2 #cf p\nds ( hops2 #cj b>rels #c_/d to g out #ef in*es above brass4 ,gri/ #c1db ,wat] 7#ad1ej ------- ,volume #ag1ib ( gri/ #c1db #c ----- #aj1bf #d = eff]vesc5ce4 #g eff]vesc+ degree #a = h>d corns = malt at #acj #c = new malt hot ----- 7see table page #bib47 -- #h to be d$uc$ #ag1ib7 #ga1hb 7#d degrees ( heat f ! fir/ #gafh ga9$ 9 ! ma% cool+ 94 ----- by eff]vesc5ce4 #ad ,ma%es #a/ #b;d #c;d #d? ,deg4 ( heat4 #aed #aff #agj #agd ,see p4 #bdh4 ,:ole quantity ( wat] us$1 b>rels #ad-a_/b #ad-a_/b #aa #aa ,see p4 #bhj4 ,quantity to be cool$ 91 b>rels #c-a_/b #c-a_/d #b-a_/b #b-a_/d ,see p4 #bhj4 ,boil+ wat] by calculation ------ ------ ------ ------ *>g$1 b>rels #aa #aa-a_/d #h-a_/b #h-c_/d ,see p4 #bhj4 ,all[ances = #ce ,b ,b #cf incid5ts2 ,g4 ,c4 ,g4 ,c4 ,l4 ,c4 ,l4 ,c4 in*es2 less #b2 m #b2 m #d2 m #e4 ,^! computations1 p]haps1 w appe> m tr\blesome ?an !y really are2 b1 besides ! facility :i* ex]cise always gives = op]ations ( ?is k9d1 ! satisfaction ( proce$+ ^u kn[n pr9ciples1 w1 ,i hope1 enc\rage ! practition] to pref] c]titude to d\bt4 ,"o advantage mu/ greatly recomm5d x1 & at ! same "t secure ! uni=mity ( our malt liquors2 tables = ea* sort & season may be made be=eh&1 & w s]ve z (t5 z ! circum/ances are ! same4 ,! tr\ble ( ! computations w by t means be sav$1 & by collect+ toge!r diff]5t brew+s ( ! same k9d1 ! arti/ w1 at any "t1 h x 9 8 p[] to see :at effect ! lea/ deviation f 8 rules _h ^u 8 op]ations1 & to :at degree ( precision he may hope to arrive4 ,t no?+ may be want+ 9 ?is "w1 to facilitate ! intellig5ce !re(1 ,i %all ins]t ! me?od ( keep+ ! acc\nt ( actual brew+s1 made accord+ to ! computations ,i h "h successively trac$ d[n4 ,! fir/ column conta9s ! *>ges ( ! copp]s1 & ! numb]s comput$2 ! next1 ! brew+s made f ^! numb]s1 ) _! dates1 & ! degrees ( heat f\nd by obs]vation2 ! v>iations occasion$ by un=ese5 incid5ts are suppos$ to be all[$ =1 at cool+ 91 by ! arti/1 ^u ! pr9ciple1 t ea* in* ( cool+ 9 answ]s to f\r degrees ( heat4 ,not+ 9 ?is mann] ! elem5ts ( e brew+ we make1 :5 ! dr9k comes into a fit /ate = use1 we are enabl$ to comp>e our practice ) ! pr9ciples :i* direct$ x2 by ?is means1 exp]im5ts con/antly be=e our eyes w be ! mo/ c]ta9 & be/ f\ndation = improvem5t4 ,small ,be]4 ,heat ( air #fj ,degrees4 #f qu>t]s ( ,malt1 #cflb4 ( ,hops1 = #cj ,b>rels #c_/d1 to g out #ef ,in*es above ,brass4 ,obs]vations4 #agfj4 #agfj4 #agfj4 #agfa4 #agfa4 ,june ,june ,aug4 ,july ,july #bg4 #cj4 #c4 #c4 #e4 #a/ ,liquor4 ,*>ge great copp]1 #b in*es #a_/b above brass2 cool 9 to #ac in*es #a_/b above brass1 #aea #adi #aej #aec #aej rake #a_/b h\r1 ma% #a h\r1 /& #a h\r #a_/b1 heat ( ! extract int5d$ #aej degrees4 #b;d ,liquor4 ,*>ge great copp] #g in*es above brass1 cool 9 to #ac in*es #a_/b above brass1 ma% #c_/d h\r1 /& #c_/d h\r1 #afa #afc #afc #adh #afb heat int5d$ #afb degrees--#a wort came 9 #cc in*es above brass1 boil$ #a h\r #a_/b1 w5t out #bh in*es above brass4 #c;d ,liquor4 ,*>ge little copp] #h in*es #a_/b above brass1 cool 9 to #ac in*es above brass1 #aff #afe #afe #afg #afe ma% #a_/b h\r1 /& #a_/b h\r1 heat expect$ #aff degrees4 #d? ,liquor4 ,*>ge little copp] #aj in*es #a_/b above brass1 cool 9 to #ac in*es above brass1 ma% #a_/b h\r1 /& #a_/b h\r1 #afi #agb #agj #aga #agc heat expect$ #agj degrees--#b wort came 9 #ci in*es above brass1 boil$ d[n to #bh in*es above brass4 ,l5g? #ca b>rels4 ,port]4 ,heat ( ! ,air #dj ,degrees4 #aa qu>t]s ( ,malt1 #acblb4 ( ,hops = #bg ,b>rels #a_/b1 to g out at #c ,worts1 #ca ,in*es above ,brass4 #agfa1 #agfa1 #agfa1 ,nov4 #bj4 ,nov4 #bb4 ,nov4 #be4 #dc #ce #dj #a/ ,liquor4 ,*>ge great copp] #ac in*es above brass1 cool 9 to #ag in*es #a_/b above brass1 rake #aec #aea #aed #a_/b h\r1 ma% #a h\r1 /& #a h\r #a_/b1 extract expect$ #aec degrees4 #b;d ,liquor4 ,*>ge little copp] #b in*es #a_/b bel[ brass1 cool 9 to #c in*es above brass1 ma% #c_/d h\r1 /& #c_/d h\r1 heat expect$ #aee #aeg #aec at ! tap #aed degrees--#a wort came 9 great copp] #af in*es above brass1 boil$ #a h\r1 w5t out #ac in*es above brass4 #c;d ,liquor4 ,*>ge little copp] #aj in*es above brass1 cool 9 to #af in*es above brass1 ma% #a_/b h\r1 /& #a_/b h\r1 ! tap to #aeg #aeg #aeh come d[n #aeh degrees--#b wort came 9 great copp] #aa in*es above brass1 boil$ #b h\rs1 w5t out #e in*es above brass4 #d? ,liquor4 ,*>ge little copp] #a in* #a_/b above brass1 cool 9 to #f in*es #a_/d above brass1 ma% #a_/b #afj #afa #afj h\r1 /& #a_/b h\r1 to come d[n #afj degrees4 #e? ,liquor4 ,*>ge little copp] #a in* #a_/b above brass1 cool 9 to #f in*es #a_/d above brass1 ma% #a_/b h\r1 /& #a_/b h\r1 tap to come #afa #afj #afa d[n at#afa degrees--#c wort came 9 #be;in*es above brass1 w5t out #ac in*es above brass4 ,l5g? #bg b>rels #c_/d4 ,,section ,,xiv4 ,( ! disposition ( ! ,worts :5 turn$ out ( ! ,copp]1 ! ?ickness !y %\ld be laid at 9 ! ,backs to cool1 & ! heat !y %\ld reta9 = f]m5tation1 "u ! sev]al circum/ances4 ,:5 a process ( brew+ is regul>ly c>ri$ on ) two copp]s1 ! worts come 9 c\rse to boil1 z ! extracts :i* =m$ !m are produc$4 ,x w\ld be t$i\s & unnecess>y to describe ! m9ute/ p>ts ( ! practice2 :i*1 9 "s small degree1 v>ies z brew+ (fices are diff]5tly con/ruct$1 or ! ut5sils are diff]5tly arrang$4 ,)\t ! assi/ance ( a bre:\se1 x is p]haps impossible to convey to ! imag9ation ! entire application ( ! rules be=e laid d[n1 b ) "o1 ,i hope !y ne$ little1 if any1 f>!r explanation4 ,! worts1 :5 boil$1 are mu/s possess+ an int5d$ proportion ( all ! f]m5table pr9ciples1 except air2 ?is 0 expell$ by fire1 & until _! too great heat is remov$1 _c be adm9i/]$ to !m4 ,9 mu/s1 :i* spontane\sly f]m5t1 ! ext]nal air excites 9 _! oils an agitation1 :i*1 heat+ & op5+ ! pores ( ! liquor1 exp&s & puts 9 action ! int]nal air !y possess4 ,! case is n exactly ! same ) reg>d to ^? mu/s :i* require f]m5ts4 ,! air want$ 9 boil$ worts mu/ be suppli$ by ! means ( yea/4 ,0 ! heat ( ! wort su*1 z to occasion ! imm$iate bur/+ ( all ! air bubbles conta9$ 9 ! yea/1 an eff]vesc5ce r ?an a f]m5tation w\ld ensue4 ,n[ a heat sup]ior to #hj degrees has ?is effect1 & is !re=e "o ( ! b\nd>ies 9 artificial f]m5tation2 #dj degrees ( heat1 = want ( be+ suffici5t to free ! air inclos$ 9 ! yea/ bubbles1 & to excite _! action1 is ! o!r4 ,)9 ^! limits1 mu/ ! wort be cool$ to2 & ! precise degree1 :i* v>ies accord+ to ! diff]5t circum/ances !y are 91 & to ! int5t !y are to be appli$ to1 is1 toge!r ) ! means ( procur+ ?is heat1 ! purport ( ?is section4 ,worts1 :5 9 ! copp]1 boil at a heat some:at sup]ior to t ( #bab degrees2 ! m ?is is exce$$1 ! /rong] ! liquor is4 ,! in/ant ! wort is suff]$ to g out ( ! copp]1 x loses m heat ?an 9 any o!r equal space ( "t aft] x has be5 expos$ to ! air4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! natural day1 or 9 #bd h\rs1 ! heat ( ! air v>ies sometimes1 7especially 9 summ]7 z mu* z #bj degrees4 ,if ! wort1 aft] hav+ rea*$ ! l[e/ heat 9 ?is int]val1 0 suff]$ to rema9 9 ! cool]s1 till ! return ( a great] 9 ! air1 x w\ld be influ5c$ by ?is increase1 exp&1 & be put 9 action2 &1 %\ld !re be at ?is "t any ela/ic air 9 any "p ( ! cool]s1 :i* sometimes happ5s1 ei!r f ! s$im5t ( =m] worts1 f ! backs n be+ clean swept1 or f ! wood be+ old & spungy1 ! wort suppos$ to be left to cool1 w1 by receiv+ ! additional heat f ! air1 & bl5d+ ) ! incid5tal ela/ic air adh]+ to ! cool]s1 br+ on1 9 a l[] degree1 ! act ( f]m5tation2 an accid5t by ! arti/ call$ ! backs be+ set4 ,= ?is reason1 a wort %\ld nev] be suff]$ to lay s long z to be expos$ to ! haz>d ( ?is injury1 :i* g5]ally may happ5 9 some:at m ?an twelve h\rs4 ,?us are we direct$ to spread or lay our worts s ?9 9 ! backs1 z !y may come to _! due temp]ature )9 ?is space2 9 summ] x is suffici5t if ! backs be cov]$2 9 w9t] a dep? ( two in*es may (t5times be all[$ ) safety4 ,f ! incl9ation ( ! cool]s or backs to ! place1 :]e ! worts run (f1 f _! l>g5ess1 or f ! w9d & air w>p+ !m1 a wort seldom1 p]haps nev]1 lays e :]e at an equal dep?1 & _c !re=e become uni=mly cold 9 ! same space ( "t4 ,?is r5d]s ! use ( ! !rmomet] difficult1 ?\gh n impracticable4 ,to supply ! want ( ?is in/rum5t ) "s degree ( c]ta9ty1 ! h& int5d$ to feel ! worts1 is br\ght to ! heat ( ! body1 by plac+ x 9 ! bosom1 until x has fully receiv$ x4 ,!n dipp+ ! f+]s into ! liquor1 we judge1 by ! s5sation x occasions1 :e!r x is come to a prop] degree ( coolness to be f]m5t$4 ,z ! ext]nal p>ts ( our bodies are g5]ally ( ab\t #ij degrees ( heat1 "s degree ( cold mu/ be felt1 be=e ! worts are ready = ! purpose ( f]m5tation4 ,b t degree v>ies = diff]5t dr9ks1 & 9 diff]5t seasons4 ,i w endeav\r to po9t out ! rules to =m a judgm5t = ! heat ( small be] worts4 ,a great] precision1 bo? = t & = o!r dr9ks1 w be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ table4 ,9 ,july & ,augu/1 no o!r rule c be giv51 ?an t ! worts be got z cold z possible4 ,! same rule holds good 9 ,june & ,septemb]1 except ! season is unnaturally cold4 ,9 ,may & ,octob]1 worts %\ld be let d[n ne>ly ?irty degrees cold] ?an ! h&2 9 ,april1 ,novemb]1 & ,m>*1 ! worts %\ld be ab\t tw5ty degrees cold] ?an ! h&1 & only t5 9 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y & ,decemb]4 ,x may p]haps be ?\ght t ! heats "h specifi$ are great1 b worts cool z !y run f ! backs to ! work+ tuns1 !y are also affect$ by ! coldness ( ! tuns !mselves1 & p]haps ^! circum/ances are n s trivial1 b t an all[ance %\ld be made = !m4 ,9 g5]al1 ! heat ( no mu/ %\ld exce$ #fj degrees1 because f]m5tation increases ?is or any o!r degree1 9 proportion to t1 "u :i* ?is p>ticul> "p ( ! process beg9s4 ,to r5d] ! !rmomet] m useful1 & to suit x to our conv5i5cy1 we h be=e suppos$ e fir/ ma% = common small be] to be made at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+3 9 ?is case1 & :]e ! worts are n laid to cool at m ?an "o in* 9 dep?1 ! foll[+ table may be said to be a measure ( "t1 ! fir/ & la/ worts = ?is dr9k %\ld be let d[n at4 ,a ,,table1 %ew+ ne>ly ! times ! fir/ & la/ worts ( common small be]s %\ld be let d[n 9 ! work+ tuns1 suppos+ ! fir/ ma% ( ! brew+ to be made at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & no uncommon *ange happ5s 9 ! heat ( ! air4 ,v]tical head+s-- ,a3 ,heat ( ! air at #h o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,b3 ,h\rs 9 ! aft]noon1 same day z brew+ began4 ,c3 ,h\rs 9 ! aft]noon4 ,d3 ,h\rs ( ! next morn+4 ,a ,air4 #a/ ,wort4 ,b #bnd ,wort4 ,c #cj #c o'clock4 #e o'clock #ce #c-a_/b #f-a_/b #dj #d-a_/d #h #de #d-c_/d #i-a_/d #ej #e-a_/b #aa-a_/b #ee #f-a_/b #a-a_/b ,d #fj #g-a_/b #b-a_/b #fe #h #b-a_/b #gj #h-a_/b #c #ge #i #c #hj #i #d ,small be] worts be+ ne>ly alike 9 consi/5cy1 ! necess>y v>iations f ?is table mu/ be less frequ5t4 ,x is true1 "s diff]5ce may happ5 f ! exposition ( a bre:\se1 or f o!r circum/ances1 admitt+ m or less freely ! int]c\rse ( ! air1 & be su* z might alt]1 ^u ! :ole1 ! times set d[n 9 ! prec$+ page4 ,br[n be] worts1 :i* are m ?ick & glut9\s1 & especially amb] worts1 :i* are /rong] /ill1 w require o!r & long] t]ms to come to _! due temp]ature1 to be f]m5t$ at2 b :5 once obs]v$ & not$1 accord+ to v>i\s degrees ( heat 9 ! air1 at #h o'clock ea* morn+1 ! conv5i5cy ( ^! obs]vations mu/ be su*1 9 ?is bus9ess1 :i* requires long wat*+s & att5dance1 t no argum5ts are necess>y to recomm5d :at is r indulg5ce ?an indu/ry4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! degrees ( heat worts %\ld be at1 to be let d[n f ! cool]s into ! work+ tuns1 accord+ to ! sev]al degrees ( heat 9 ! air4 ,heat ( ! air4 ,common small4 ,all-keep+ be]s4 ,amb] or ales4 #be #ge #ei #ee #cj #gj #ef #ed #ce #fe #ec #ec #dj #fj #ej #eb #de #ee #ej #ea #ej #ej #ej #ej #ee ,9 ^! cases1 :5 ! m$ium heat ( ! air #fj is great] ?an t :i* ! worts %\ld f]m5t at1 ! cold ( ! night mu/ be made use (1 to br+ !m z ne> z possible to _! temp]ature4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! colde/ "p ( ! natural day is ab\t "o h\r be=e sun ris+4 ,! consequ5ces ( worts be+ set to f]m5t at1 9 an undue heat1 are ! foll[+4 ,9 /rong be]s1 or su* z are int5d$ = long keep+1 if ! worts be too cold1 a long] "t is requir$ = _! f]m5tation1 & ! dr9ks gr[ f9e ) m difficulty2 if1 on ! contr>y1 !y are too hot1 acidity1 & a wa/e ( "s ( ! spirit\s p>ts mu/ ensue4 ,ei!r ( ^! disadvantages appe>s m conspicu\s 9 common small be]1 z1 9 w9t]1 ?is dr9k is seldom kept a suffici5t "t to correct ! defect1 & 9 summ]1 f be+ too hot1 x becomes putrid1 or1 9 ! t]ms ( ! brew]y1 is h]eby fox$4 ,,section ,,xv4 ,( ,yea/1 its nature1 & cont5ts1 & ( ! mann] & quantities 9 :i* x is to be add$ to ! worts4 ,mu/s1 or worts1 ?\gh ev] s ri*1 :5 unf]m5t$1 yield no _s by di/illation1 nor inebriate1 if drank 9 any quantity4 ,! oils1 z yet n suffici5tly att5uat$ = ?is purpose1 become s only by f]m5tation4 ,air is absolutely necess>y = ?is process1 9 ! c\rse ( :i*1 "s ( ! a]ial p>ts mix+ )1 & be+ envelop$ by1 oils greatly ?9n$1 are enclos$ 9 vesicles n suffici5tly /rong to resi/ ! =ce ( ela/icity1 or prev5t a bur/+ & explosion4 ,9 ! progress ( ! act1 ! air jo9s ) oils bo? co>s]1 & *>g$ ) e>?y p>ticles1 a coat is =m$ capable ( resi/+ its expansion1 & if ! bubbles _c come to a volume suffici5t to be float$ 9 & ^u ! liquor1 !y s9k to ! bottom1 & take ! appellation ( lees ( w9e4 ,betwe5 ^! two extremes1 !re is ano!r case1 :5 ! bubbles are suffici5tly /rong to hold ! air1 b n weighty en\gh to s9k4 ,aft] float+ 91 !y em]ge1 & are buoy$ ^u ! surface ( ! liquor1 & !re rema9+ entire1 are t]m$ ! fl[]s ( w9e4 ,bo? lees & fl[]s are1 !re=e1 vesicles =m$ out ( ! mu/1 fill$ ) ela/ic air1 &1 ei!r sep>ately1 or :5 mix$ toge!r1 !y obta9 ! g5]al d5om9ation ( yea/4 ,we h (t5 m5tion$ ! p[] ( fire1 9 driv+ ! air out ( worts4 ,yea/1 fraught ) ! pr9ciple n[ want$ = f]m5tation1 is1 !re=e1 ! prop]e/ subject to be add$ to ! mu/2 b its texture is v>i\s1 9 proportion to ! diff]5t heats ( ! extracts x 0 =m$ f4 ,keep+ dr9ks1 extract$ ) hott] wat]s1 yield yea/1 ! oils ( :i* h a great] spissitude4 ,x is consequ5tly sl[]1 m c]ta91 & mo/ fit to promote a cool & g5tle f]m5tation4 ,t1 on ! contr>y1 :i* is produc$ f small be]1 be+ weak1 & act+ at once1 is apt to excite a motion l t ( eff]vesc5ce2 su* yea/ ought1 !re=e1 n to be us$1 b :5 !re is no possibility to obta9 ! o!r4 ,! long] w9es or be]s are "u ! fir/ act ( f]m5tation1 ! great] v>iety w be f\nd 9 ! texture ( ! bubbles1 :i* compose _! fl[] & lees4 ,w9es made out ( grapes1 9 g5]al1 require a "t some:at long] ?an ! worts ( malt1 be=e ?is fir/ p]iod is at an end2 & we h se51 t 9 !m f]m5tation fir/ br+s =? air bubbles1 ^: con/itu5t p>ts are mo/ t5d]1 & aft]w>ds "s t are ( a /rong] texture4 ,z malt liquors require a less "t to f]m5t1 _! bubbles are m simil>3 on ?is acc\nt1 ! :ole quantity ( yea/ necess>y to a wort %\ld n be appli$ at once1 le/ ! air bladd]s1 bur/+ ne>ly 9 ! same "t1 %\ld prev5t t gradual action1 :i* seems to be ! aim ( nature 9 all h] op]ations4 ,keep+ be]s1 =m$ f l[ dri$ malts1 occasion ! greate/ v>iety ( heat 9 ! extracts1 & f h5ce ^! mu/s =m yea/1 ^: bubbles diff] mo/ 9 magnitude & /r5g?4 ,a dr9k1 !n1 prop]ly made f pale malt1 ne>ly resembles natural w9es1 especially :5 !y are s brew$ z to require precipitation to become transp>5t4 ,cleans+ is divid+ ! dr9k into sev]al casks2 ?is *ecks ! motion occasion$ by f]m5tation1 & consequ5tly ret>ds x4 ,to prev5t ?is f be+ too s5sibly felt1 "s yea/ %\ld be put to ! dr9k1 be=e x is remov$ into ! casks4 ,z ! con/itu5t p>ts1 9 /rong be]s1 are m t5aci\s ?an 9 small1 & require a great] motion to ent]ta9 ! f]m5tation1 ! dr9ks1 be=e !y be ?us divid$1 %\ld1 besides ! addition ( ! yea/1 be well r\s$ ) a scoop1 or by "s o!r means1 = "o h\r4 ,?is n only bl5ds all ! p>ts toge!r1 b att5uates & heats ! liquor1 & makes x m ready to beg9 to f]m5t aga91 :5 9 ! casks4 ,"o six? "p ( ! :ole ( ! yea/ us$ is g5]ally res]v$ = ?is purpose2 & ! rema9d] is equally divid$ z ! worts are let d[n4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ?is /irr+1 ?\gh z necess>y to small1 z to /rong dr9ks1 is only to be cont9u$ = a space ( "t proportion$ to _! /r5g?4 ,we h be=e se51 :5 a gri/ ( malt is entirely extract$ to =m common small be]1 soon to be exp5d$1 "o gallon ( yea/ to eight bu%els ( gra9 af=ds a suffici5t supply ( air to p]fect ! f]m5tation4 ,?is takes place :5 ! heat ( ! air is at #dj degrees1 b1 at ! highe/ f]m5table degree1 exp]i5ce %ews1 t half t quantity is z mu* z is necess>y4 ,= "s ales1 ! :ole virtue ( ! malt is n extract$1 & :at rema9s is appropriat$ to ! mak+ ( small be]3 ! quantity ( yea/ us$ = ^! dr9ks mu/ be only 9 proportion to ! /r5g? extract$4 ,f ^! premises1 ! foll[+ tables h be5 =m$1 exhibit+ ! quantity ( yea/ prop] = ! sev]al sorts ( dr9ks1 at ! diff]5t heats ( ! air4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! quantities ( yea/ necess>y = common small be] 9 e season4 ,heat ( ,p9ts ( yea/ to "o ! air4 qu>t] ( malt4 #ce #i #dj #h ,! :ole quantity ( yea/ to be #de #h put into ! fir/ wort4 #ej #g --------------------------------------- #ee #g ,! fir/ wort to h #c_/d #fj #f ,! second wort to h #a_/d #fe #f --------------------------------------- #gj #e ,! fir/ wort to h "o half ( ! #ge #e :ole quantity4 #hj #d ,! second wort to h ! rema9d]4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! quantities ( yea/ necess>y = all keep+ dr9ks1 bo? br[n & pale1 small & /rong4 ,heat ( ,p9ts ( yea/ to ! worts#cg4 "o qu>t] ( malt4 #cj #f #ce #f #dj #f #de #f #ej #f #ee #e #fj #ech #fe #d #gj #d #ge #c #hj #c ,a ,,table %ew+ ! quantities ( yea/ necess>y = amb] & all sorts ( ales1 aft] :i* small be] is made4 ,heat ,p9ts ( yea/ ( ! air4 to "o qu>t] ( malt4 #cj #g-a_/b #ce #g #dj #g #de #f-a_/b #ej #f #ee #e-a_/b #fj #e #fe #d-a_/b #gj #d #ge #c-a_/b #hj #c ,?is table is f\nd$ on ! supposition t1 ! virtue or /r5g? extract$ f "o qu>t] ( malt = amb]1 is equal to #e_/f ( ! :ole4 ,9 e heat ( ! air1 ! quantity ( yea/ to be us$ = common small be] made aft] ale1 mu/ be "o fif? "p ( ! quantity :i* ! ale requir$1 ! additional /r5g? obta9$ f reboil+ ! hops1 requir+ fur!r proportion2 if1 = keep+ small be]1 ne>ly 9 ! proportion ( six p9ts ( yea/ to five b>rels ( be]1 ?is w be f\nd to correspond ) ! rule deliv]$ 9 ! =ego+ table4 ,,section ,,xvi4 ,( practical ,f]m5tation1 & ! managem5t ( ! sev]al sorts ( ,malt ,liquors1 to ! p]iod1 at :i* !y are to be cleans$ or put into ! ,casks4 ,! laws ( f]m5tation are univ]sal & uni=m2 & :5 x proce$s regul>ly1 its diff]5t p]iods are kn[n by ! diff]5t appe>ances ( ! f]m5t+ liquor4 ,z a p>ticul> appellation is giv5 to ea* ( ^!1 x may n be unnecess>y "h to describe !m4 #a4 ,! fir/ sign ( a wort f]m5t+ is a f9e :ite l9e1 compos$ ( v small air bubbles1 atta*$ to ! sides ( ! tun2 ! wort is !n said to h tak5 yea/4 #b4 ,:5 ^! air bubbles are ext5d$ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! mu/1 x is said to be cream$ ov]4 #c4 ,bubbles cont9u+ to rise1 a ?9 cru/ is =m$2 b z ! f]m5tation advances r fa/] ne> ! sides ( ! tun1 ?an 9 ! middle1 ?is cru/ is cont9ually repell$2 f :i* arises ! d5om9ation ( ! wort p>t+ f ! tun side4 #d4 ,:5 ! surface becomes unev51 z if x 7 rock "w1 ?is /age ( f]m5tation1 :i* has no p>ticul> use1 is di/+ui%$ by its height4 #e4 ,:5 ! head becomes light]1 m op51 m uni=m1 & ( a great] dep?1 be+ r\nd or high] 9 ! middle1 ?an 9 any o!r "p1 & seem+ to h a t5d5cy /ill to rise1 ! liquor is d5om9at$ to be ( s _m in*es1 head n fit to cleanse4 #f4 ,?is head hav+ ris5 to its greate/ height1 beg9s to s9k1 to become holl[ 9 ! middle1 &1 at ! same "t1 m solid1 ! col\rs *ang+ to a /rong] yell[ or br[n2 ! wort is !n said to be fit to cleanse4 ,aft] ?is1 no f>!r di/9ctions are made2 if ! f]m5tation is suff]$ to proce$ 9 ! tun1 ! head cont9ues to s9k1 & ! liquor is (t5 injur$4 ,z ! d5om9ations & ta/es ( liquors brew$ f malt are num]\s1 x is impossible to specify ea* sep>ate "o2 we %all !re=e only p>ticul>ize su* sorts ( dr9ks1 z 7 tak5 notice ( 9 ! section ( extraction1 !y be+ mo/ 9 use2 b1 f :at w be said conc]n+ !m1 ! me?od ( manag+ any o!r malt liquor may easily be d$uc$4 ,spontane\s pellucidity arises f a due proportion ( ! oils to ! salts1 9 ! worts1 b ! advantage ( long keep+ dep5ds n only on ! quantity ( oils & hops ! mu/s possess1 b also on ! f]m5tation be+ c>ri$ on 9 a sl[ & cool mann]4 ,all dr9ks1 int5d$ long to be kept1 are !re=e be/ =m$ 9 cold wea!r1 & made to receive _! yea/ at su* temp]ature1 z is set =? 9 ! table4 ,! yea/ is to be divid$ 9 proportion to ! quantities ( wort let d[n1 until ! :ole1 be+ mix$ toge!r1 receives its allott$ portion1 except s mu* z is to be put 9 j be=e cleans+4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 dr9ks1 :i* are brew$ = keep+1 are suff]$ to g ?r\gh ! fir/ process ( f]m5tation1 till !y are s att5uat$1 t ! liquor becomes light1 & ! head1 or ! yea/1 lay+ on ! surface ( ! be]1 beg9s to s9k4 ,:51 or some:at be=e1 ?is head has fall5 to ne>ly half ! greate/ height x rea*$ to1 a rem>kable v9\s smell is p]ceiv$1 & ! liquor1 at ?is t]m1 is to be put into casks1 be+ fir/ well r\s$ ) ! rema9+ "p ( ! yea/1 9 ! mann] m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ section4 ,by ! description giv5 ( ! orig9 ( yea/1 x appe>s t x is =m$ r ( ! co>s] oils ( ! worts4 ,if ! cleans+ is n done :5 ! head is sunk d[n to half ! greate/ height x rose to1 by fall+ l[]1 "s "p ( ^! co>s] oils return into ! be]1 !n "u f]m5tation1 & gives x a flat1 greasy ta/e1 te*nically t]m$ yea/ bitt54 ,:51 on ! contr>y1 be]s or ales are remov$ too soon f ! fir/ tumultu\s f]m5tation1 = want ( hav+ be5 suffici5tly att5uat$1 & f n hav+ deposit$ _! lees1 nor ?r[n up 9 fl[]s _! co>s] oils1 !y are less v9\s1 ?an o!rwise !y w\ld h be51 appe> heavy1 aley1 & are said n to h _! body suffici5tly op5$4 ,! f]m5tation ( common small be] is1 ?r\gh necessity1 c>ri$ on s ha/ily1 t x is h>dly possible to wait = ! signs1 :i* direct ! cleans+ ( o!r be]s4 ,?is dr9k be+ g5]ally brew$ & f]m5t$ )9 tw5ty f\r h\rs1 its /ate1 ) reg>d to f]m5tation1 is be/ judg$ (1 by ! quantity ( its fro? or head at ! "t ( cleans+1 :i*1 9 proportion to ! heat ( ! air1 may be det]m9$ by ! foll[+ table4 ,a ,,table %ew+ ! dep? ( head1 :i* common small be] %\ld h to be prop]ly cleans$1 9 e season ( ! ye>4 ,heat ,head on ! be] ( ! air4 9 ! tun4 #be ,degrees #f in*es4 #cj #e #ce #d-a_/d #dj #c-a_/b #de #b-c_/d #ej #b #ee #a-a_/b #fj #a #fe #c_/d #gj #a_/b #ge #a_/d #hj j tak54 ,z x is *iefly by ! action ( ! air t w9es are =m$1 if we contrive to %ift ?is p[]ful ag5t on ! surface ( a mu/ "u f]m5tation1 & to convey x m =cibly & ha/ily into ! wort1 its efficacy w be r5ew$1 ! f]m5tation accel]at$1 ! liquor quickly become transp>5t1 & soon be br\ght to ! /ate ( maturity age might sl[ly make x arrive at4 ,amb]1 or pale ales1 require ! hotte/ extracts pellucidity admits ( to be made /rong1 & at ! same "t s(t & smoo? to ! palate2 b1 z ales d n admit ( any l>ge quantity ( hops1 :i* w\ld alt] _! nature1 !re is a necessity to p]=m ha/ily ! act ( f]m5tation1 & to c>ry x on to a high] degree ?an is common 9 o!r malt dr9ks4 ,! me?od ( excit+ & conduct+ repeat$ f]m5tations1 ) success1 is p]haps n only ! mo/ difficult1 b ! mo/ curi\s1 "p ( ! process1 ,i %all !re=e conclude1 ) an acc\nt ( x1 :at ,i h to say ) reg>d to ! practice ( f]m5tation4 ,! amb] wort be+ let d[n1 at its prop] degree ( heat1 into ! f]m5t+ tun1 out ( ! :ole quantity ( yea/ all[$ = ?is dr9k1 9 ! table1 page #cag1 "o sev5? "p mu/ be kept to be us$ z h]eaft] %all be m5tion$4 ,suppose ! heat ( ! air is at #dj degrees1 & eight qu>t]s ( malt h be5 brew$ = ?is purpose2 ! :ole ( ! yea/ requir$ is sev5 gallons1 f :i* "o is to be res]v$4#ci ,( ! six rema9+ gallons1 "o half1 or ?ree1 are to be put to ! wort oh its fir/ com+ d[n1 :5 ! :ole mu/ be well r\s$1 or mix$1 ?or\ghly to disp]se ! enliv5+ pr9ciple ! yea/ conveys1 h]eby to prev5t putrefaction1 or fox+ 9 any "p1 & ( ! la/ ?ree gallons1 ab\t ?ree qu>ts mu/ be add$ to ! dr9k1 e twelve h\rs1 until x f]m5ts to ! highe/ pit* ( ! p]iod m5tion$ 9 article #e1 page #cai4 ,?is successive putt+ 9 ( yea/ is call$#dj;fe$+ ! dr9k2 be=e & ab\t ! "t ! head is got to ?is height1 all ! dirt or f\l yea/1 t rises on ! surface1 mu/ be c>efully skimm$ (f2 x is easily di/+ui%$ f ! pure :ite fro?1 by its color1 & by ! s9k+ ( ! head occasion$ by its weight4 ,l5g? ( "t might att5uate "s ( ^! co>s] oils1 9 a less artificial f]m5tation1 b z ?is help is n to be wait$ =1 & e ob/acle to pellucidity mu/ be remov$1 ! brew]'s att5tion to ?is po9t _c be too great4--,! head ( ! dr9k hav+ rea*$ its utmo/ height1 ! res]v$ gallon ( yea/ is to be us$1 9 ord] to give to ! ale a suffici5t p[] to be> ! repeat$ f]m5tations x is to und]go1 by be+ beat 91 e two h\rs1 ) a jett or scoope1 = "o qu>t] ( an h\r1 s t ! head on ! dr9k is ea* "t to be r$uc$ to ! lea/ height x is capable (4 ,?is /rik+ 9 be+ cont9u$1 ! dr9k w p]iodically require x1 & be damag$ if x be neglect$4 ,aft] x has und]gone m or less ( ^! f]m5tations1 9 proportion to ! heats ( ! worts & ( ! air1 ! brew] is c>efully to obs]ve1 :5 ! head ceases to rise to its accu/om$ height1 & !n to exam9e ! dr9k1 by hav+ ! jett fill$ ) x at ! bottom1 & br\ght ?r\gh ! :ole body to ! top1 a small "p ( :i* be+ p\r$ 9 a h&ga!r]1 he w see :e!r ! lees =m !mselves 9 l>ge :ite flakes1 & readily subside1 & be in=m$1 by ! ta/e1 :e!r ! sweet ( ! wort is gone (f1 & ! ale become v9\s4 ,if ^! two circum/ances concur1 ! dr9k is to be beat 9 ) ! jett z be=e1 b n r\s$ z port] or o!r be]s are2 = ! lees1 :i* 9 ?is dr9k are 9 great] quantity1 w\ld1 by ?is managem5t1 s intimately be mix$ ) x1 z ) difficulty to sep>ate !mselves aga91 if at all4 ,x is !n "t to cleanse x2 b ! casks1 at all times1 m especially 9 summ]1 mu/ be well fill$ up ) clean dr9k1 t is1 "p ( ! v dr9k1 :i* 0 cleans$1 avoid+ t produc$ 9 ! /ill+s1 z ?is1 = want ( /&+ a suffici5t "t1 is always yea/y1 & ! yea/1 be+ greatly att5uat$ by ! work+ ( ! dr9k1 easily dissolves 9 ! ale1 & r5d]s x f\l & ill-ta/$4 ,z ! "r =m+ ( amb] ales is look$ ^u to be ! highe/ pit* ( ! art ( pale be] brew+1 ,i h dwelt long] on ?is article ?an o!rwise x might seem necess>y1 to %ew ! connexion !re is betwe5 e sort ( malt liquors3 b x %\ld be obs]v$1 ! same me?od ( f]m5t+ x1 is to be practis$ bo? w9t] & summ]1 v>y+ only ! quantities ( yea/ 9 proportion to ! season2 = :]e1 9 w9t] "t1 ?is dr9k is f$ ) ?ree qu>ts ( yea/ e twelve h\rs1 half a gallon w answ] ! same int5t 9 summ]4 ,^u ! :ole1 ! process is contriv$ to accel]ate f]m5tation1 yet1 ! m coolly & g5tly x is p]=m$1 ! bett] w ! ales be4 ,i h be=e h9t$1 if ,madeira w9es 7 f]m5t$ 9 ?is mann]1 !y w\ld soon] become fit = use1 m especially z !y ne$ no f]m5t to excite !m4 ,h[ev]1 ?is me?od ( =m+ dr9k to be soon fit = use1 has1 ei!r ?r\gh int]e/ or prejudice1 be5 tax$ ) be+ un:olesome1 b ^u :at gr\nds1 ,i mu/ confess ,i c\ld nev] yet discov]1 z no reason ( any mom5t has ev] be5 all$g$ = ?is ass]tion4 ,,section ,,xvii4 ,( ! signs g5]ally direct+ ! processes ( ,brew+1 & _! comp>ison ) ! =go+ ,!ory & ,practice4 ,we h n[ br\ght our b>ley w9es into ! casks1 & ?is on pr9ciples1 x is ?\ght1 agreeable & consonant to ea* o!r4 ,z ! *>ge ( novelty may be all$g$1 to invalidate :at has be5 (f]$1 x is b j to pay s mu* reg>d to a long1 &1 ^u ! :ole1 successful practice1 z to recite1 if n all1 at lea/ ! pr9cipal maxims & signs 9 brew+1 :i* hi!rto h guid$ ! arti/4 ,by comp>+ ^! ) ! pres5t me?od1 !y w n only illu/rate ea* o!r1 b p]haps cause bo? to be bett] und]/ood2 & ?\gh1 ) respect to ! art itself1 ?is may be ?\ght r a curi\s ?an an in/ructive "p1 yet we may le>n1 f h5ce1 t su* practice1 :i* long exp]i5ce has prov$ to be "r1 w always correspond ) true !ory4 #a4 ,:5 a :ite fl\r settles1 ei!r 9 ! und]back or copp]back1 :i* sometimes is ! case ( a fir/ extract1 x is a sure sign su* an extract has n be5 made suffici5tly hot1 or1 9 te*nical t]ms1 t ! liquor has be5 tak5 too slack4 ,malt1 :5 dri$1 has its oils made t5aci\s1 9 proportion to ! p[] ( heat x has be5 affect$ )2 ! gra91 ?\gh gr\nd1 if ! wat] = ! extraction is n at lea/ z hot z :at occasion$ ?is t5aci\sness1 mu/ rema9 9 great measure undissolv$ 9 ! fir/ extract1 & deposit itself z j n[ 0 m5tion$4 #b4 ,! fir/ extract %\ld always h "s fro? or head 9 ! und]back4 ,! oils & salts ( ! malt1 be+ duly mix$1 =m a saponace\s body1 ! "* ( :i* is t1 on be+ %ook1 x be>s a fro? on its surface4 #c4 ,! head or fro? 9 ! und]back appe>+ r$1 blue1 purple1 or fi]y1 %ews ! liquors to h be5 tak5 too hot4 ,! hott] ! wat] is1 :5 appli$ to ! malt1 ! m mu/ ! extract ab\nd ) oils1 & consequ5tly be m capable to reflect colors 9 a /rong mann]4 ,b h[ prec>i\s ?is me?od ( e/imat+ ! quality ( an extract is1 9 comp>ison to t :i* ! !rmomet] af=ds1 w appe> f ! foll[+ obs]vation ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton3 8,saponace\s bubbles w1 = a :ile1 appe> t+$ ) a v>iety ( colors1 :i* are agitat$ by ! ext]nal air1 & ^? bubbles cont9ue until su* "t z1 gr[+ excessive ?91 by ! wat] trickl+ d[n _! sides1 & be+ no long] able to reta9 ! enclos$ air1 !y bur/40 ,n[ z ^! bubbles v>y 9 _! d5sity1 9 proportion to _! duration1 ! colors !y reflect mu/ cont9ually *ange1 & !re=e x is n possible to =m an accurate judgm5t ( ! condition & saponace\sness ( ! extracts1 by ! appe>ance ( _! fro?4 #d4 ,:5 ! gri/ feels slipp]y1 x g5]ally is a sign t ! liquors h be5 tak5 too high4 ,?is appe>ance proce$s f an ov] quantity ( oil be+ extract$1 & is ! effect ( too mu* heat4 #e4 ,be] ought always to "w k9d1 out ( ! cask1 :5 cleans$1 b ! fro?1 9 summ] "t1 w be some:at m op5 ?an 9 w9t]4 ,! high] & hott] ! extract+ wat] is1 ! m oils do? x =ce into ! mu/2 :5 a wort is full *>g$ ) oils1 ! f]m5tation is nei!r s /rong nor s spe$y1 & consequ5tly ! fro?1 especially ! fir/1 is ?91 op51 & weak4 ,?is improves z ! liquor is m att5uat$1 & heat1 :i* exp&s all bodies1 mu/ r>ify ! yea/y vesicles1 ! pr9cipal "p ( :i* is ela/ic air2 b ?is op5 head1 ev5 9 summ] "t1 improves to "o m k9d1 z ! fir/1 ! mo/ active p]iod ( f]m5tation1 draws ne>] to its conclusion4 ,h[ev] vague & indet]m9ate ^! signs are1 x w\ld n be impossible to br+ !m to "s degree ( precision2 b1 ^u ! :ole1 ?is me?od w\ld increase our difficulties1 & yet1 z to c]titude1 be inf]ior to ! rules we h endeav\r$ to e/abli%1 we ?9k x unnecess>y to pursue any f>!r a rese>* mo/ likely nei!r ent]ta9+ nor useful4 ,,section ,,xviii4 ,an enquiry into :at may be1 at all times1 a prop] /ock ( ,be]1 & ! managem5t ( x 9 ! cell>s4 ,! bus9ess ( a brew] is n conf9$ to ! m]e manufacture ( 8 commodity2 8 conc]ns1 z a trad]1 des]ve no less reg>d1 &1 9 a treatise l ?is1 %\ld n be entirely omitt$4 ,z x is a fault n to h a suffici5t /ock ( be]s x ! cell>s1 to s]ve ! cu/om]s1 x is "o also to h m ?an is ne$ful4 ,by ! fir/ ( ^! errors1 ! be]s w\ld be g5]ally new & ill dispos$ = precipitation2 by ! o!r1 quantities ( /ale be] mu/ rema91 :i*1 becom+ h>d1 w at la/ turn /ale1 & be unfit = use1 unless bl5d$ ) new brew$ be]s1 to _! detrim5t4 ,^! faults1 if cont9u$1 may 9 "t affect a :ole trade1 & ought !re=e c>efully to be avoid$4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! :ole quantity to be mov$1 or expect$ to be suppli$ f ! brew]'s /ore cell>s1 dur+ ! space ( "o twelvemon?1 %\ld be calculat$1 z ne> z possible2 half ?is quantity ought to be ! /ock kept up f ,novemb] to ,may inclusive1 & ne>ly "o ?ird "p !re( be rema9+ 9 ,septemb]4 ,f h5ce a table may be =m$1 by :i* x w be easy1 at "o view1 to "k ! quantity t %\ld be ma9ta9$ at e season ( ! ye>1 & to avoid almo/ e inconv5i5cy1 :i* o!rwise mu/ arise4 ,suppose1 = example1 ! numb] ( casks expect$ to be mov$ 9 a ye>1 to be #cbj butts1 & #bdh pun*eons1 ! /ore cell>s ought to be suppli$1 z to "t & quantity1 9 ! foll[+ proportion4 ,butts4 ,pun*eons4 ,janu>y #afj #abd ,febru>y #afj #abd ,m>* #afj #abd ,april #afj #abd ,may #afj #abd ,june #adf #aac ,july #acc #ajc ,augu/ #abj #ic ,septemb] #ajg #hb ,octob] #acc #ajc ,novemb] #afj #abd ,decemb] #afj #abd ,aft] be]s h be5 />t$ 9 ! cell>s1 ! casks %\ld be well & c>efully /opp$ d[n1 z soon z ! repell+ =ce ( f]m5tation is s mu* less5$1 z n to be able to oppose ?is design4 ,o!rwise ! ela/ic air1 :i* is ! vivify+ pr9ciple ( ! dr9k1 be+ lo/1 x w\ld become vapid1 & flat2 & if left a long "t 9 ?is condition1 p]haps gr[ s\r4 ,x has already be5 obs]v$1 t cell>s1 9 w9t]1 are m hot ?an ! ext]ior air by #aj degrees1 & m cold 9 summ] by #e degrees4 ,b besides ?is g5]al diff]5ce1 repositories ( be] v>y surpris+ly 9 _! temp]ature2 f ! nature ( ! soil 9 :i* !y are built1 f _! exposition to ! sun1 or f o!r incid5tal causes4 ,z heat is a v p[]ful ag5t 9 accel]at+ f]m5tation1 x is by no means surpris+1 n only t "s cell>s d rip5 dr9ks mu* soon] ?an o!rs1 b also t a diff]5ce is (t5 p]ceiv$ 9 ! same cell>4 ,! p]sons entru/$ ) ! *oice ( be]s1 ) :i* ! cu/om]s are to be s]v$1 %\ld n be satisfi$ to s5d out _! guiles 9 ! progressive ord] 9 :i* !y 7 brew$1 b ought1 on e occasion1 to note any alt]ation t happ5s 9 ! dr9k1 z ?is is do+ ju/ice bo? to ! commodity1 & to ! consum]1 :o has a con/ant "r to expect 8 be] 9 due ord]4 ,section ,,xix4 ,( ,precipitation1 & o!r rem$ies1 applicable to ! diseases incid5t to ,be]s4 ,no accid5t c be s detrim5tal z leaky or /9k+ casks1 :i* lose or spoil ! :ole or "p ( ! conta9$ dr9k4 ,! necessity ( hav+1 on ^! occasions1 a rem$y at h&1 0 und\bt$ly ! reason1 :y coop]s 7 fir/ introduc$ 9 /ore cell>s4 ,con/ant practice might h qualifi$ _! palates s z to make !m compet5t judges ( ! ta/es ( w9es & be]s1 & to enable !m to "k :i* 7 ! fitte/ = imm$iate use4 ,! prep>+ or =c+ !m = ?is s]vice1 0 a matt]1 :i* ! pr(it ga9$ !reby made !m ready en\gh to und]take4 ,*ymi/s1 :om !y consult$ on ?is occasion1 gave !m "s in=mations1 f :5ce ! coop]s became ! possessors ( a few no/rums1 ! effects ( :i* !y 7 suppos$ to h exp]i5c$4 ,b1 ignorant ( ! causes ( mo/1 if n all ! defects !y und]take to rem$y1 & unacqua9t$ ) ! con/itu5t p>ts ( be]s1 x is n to be expect$ t _! success %\ld be con/ant & uni=m4 ,! brew]1 e>ne/ to d 8 duty1 & to excel1 ought to keep a p>ticul> acc\nt ( e brew+2 by ?is means he be/ c tell h[ he =m$ ! dr9k1 & ought consequ5tly1 9 any disord]1 to be prep>$ to direct ! prop]e/ rem$y4 ,! int5t ( ?is treatise has be5 to discov] ! means by :i* errors may be avoid$4 ,*ymical applications are int5d$ to rem$y ^? errors1 :i* may be occasion$ ei!r by c>elessness or accid5t4 ,! :olesom5ess or propriety ( ! applications1 :i* w be indicat$1 mu/ be left to ! judgm5t ( my read]s2 x is mo/ likely t !re is suffici5t room = improvem5t1 & we might expect x f ^?1 ^: pr(ession x is to /udy e ?+1 t may be conducive to ! safety ( mank9d4 ,:atev] vegetables w9es are produc$ f1 :5ev] !y deviate f ! respective p]fection1 a well-conduct$ f]m5tation might h made !m arrive at1 !y may be said to be di/emp]$4 ,f\lness1 or want ( transp>5cy1 is n ! lea/ evil1 b1 accord+ to its degree1 x obta9s v>i\s appellations1 & requires diff]5t helps4 ,f :at has be5 said1 no?+ c be m pla91 ?an t x is always 9 our p[] to =m be]s & ales1 :i* w be bright4 ,yet port] or br[n be] is con/antly s brew$ z to ne$ precipitation3 ! reasons = ?is managem5t h be=e be5 (f]$4 ,7 we to wait till ! liquor became transp>5t by age1 a m real disord] w\ld ensue1 t ( acidity4 ,precipitation is !n s]viceable1 especially :5 be]s are to be remov$ f "o cell> to ano!r1 a %ort space ( "t be=e !y are to be us$4 ,by be+ %ook1 & ! lees mix$ ) ! liquor1 a /rong acid ta/e is convey$ !re91 & ! p[] ( subsid+1 :i* is want$1 r5d]s ! =c+ !m1 9 t case1 ( absolute necessity4 ,9 be]s brew$ ) liquors suffici5tly heat$1 no flatness is occasion$ !reby2 z ! case is1 "u l circum/ances1 ) liquors produc$ by l[ extracts1 f gra9 n suffici5tly dri$4 ,! degree ( f\lness 9 port] %\ld h[ev] be limit$2 its b\nds ought n to exce$ ! p[] ( "o gallon ( dissolv$ is+lass1 to a butt4 ,is+lass is dissolv$ 9 /ale be]1 & /ra9$ ?r\gh a sieve1 s z to be ( ! consi/5ce ( a jelly4 ,! be] is set 9 motion ) a /ick1 :i* rea*es "o ?ird "p d[n ! cask1 be=e & aft] ?is jelly is put 92 & a few h\rs %\ld be suffici5t to obta9 ! desir$ effect4 ,we h be=e obs]v$1 t ?is quantity ( jelly ( is+lass is equal to a m$ium ( #aj degrees dryness 9 ! malt1 & heat ( ! extracts4 ,:5 ! opacity exce$s ?is1 ! liquor is t]m$ /ubborn2 ! same quantity ( dissolv$ is+lass repeat$1 is (t5 suffici5t1 if n1 six ounces ( ! oil ( vitriol are mix$ ) x4 ,an eff]vesc5ce is1 by ?is addition1 produc$2 ! oils ( ! dr9k become m att5uat$1 & ! weight add$ to ! precipitat+ matt]1 is a means to r5d] x m efficaci\s4 ,in/ead ( ! oil ( vitriol1 six or eight ounces ( ! concrete ( vitriol1 p\nd$ & mix$ ) ! is+lass1 are sometimes us$ ) success4 ,a f\lness 9 be] beyond t :i* is call$ /ubborn1 gives to ! dr9k ! d5om9ation ( grey be]4 ,?is arises f ! oils :i* float ^u ! surface1 & :i* ! liquor has n be5 able to absorb4 ,9 ?is case1 ! same me?ods z be=e m5tion$ are repeat$2 ! quantity ( dissolv$ is+lass is (t5 increas$ to ?ree gallons1 t ( vitriol to m ?an #ab ounces1 & sometimes a small quantity ( aqua =tis is add$ to ^! +r$i5ts4 ,! next /age ( opacity is cl\d9ess2 :5 ! coop] confesses t ! di/emp] exce$s ! p[] ( 8 m5/ruums1 & t 8 attempts ext5d no f>!r ?an to hide ! evil1 t\rnsol & co*9eal1 7 !y n s exp5sive1 might 9 ?is case be us$ ) success2 b :at is less kn[n1 & w\ld greatly answ] ! int5t ( hid+ ! dusky col\r ( ! dr9k1 is madd]2--ab\t ?ree or f\r ounces ( ?is is ! prop] quantity = a butt ( be]4 ,calc9$ treacle1 by ! coop]s call$ black+1 f its acidity1 is ( "s small s]vice1 =1 by color+ ! dr9k1 x some:at less5s ! grey hue !reon2 a qu>t is g5]ally us$ 9 a butt2 &1 to prev5t ! defect 9 ! be] be+ notic$ by ! consum]1 ! practice is to put !reon :at is call$ a good caulifl[]$ head4 ,?is might be done by us+ z mu* p\nd$ salt ( /eel z w lay ^u a %ill+2 b ! diff]5ce 9 price betwe5 ?is salt & copp]as makes ! la/ g5]ally to be pref]r$4 ,! /rong fro? on ! top ( ! pot1 & t :i* foams ab\t x1 toge!r ) some:at ( a yell[ ca/1 are (t5 mi/ak5 = ! signs ( a sup]ior m]it & /r5g?1 ?\gh1 9 fact1 !y are ^? ( deceit4 ,a little reflection t ! natural fro? ( be] _c be yell[1 nor cont9ue a long "t1 especially if ! liquor has "s age1 w\ld soon cure mank9d ( ?is prejudice4 ,cl\dy be]s1 "u ^! circum/ances1 ?\gh n cur$1 are g5]ally consum$4 ,be]s become sick1 f _! hav+ s l>ge a portion ( oils1 z to prev5t ! free admission ( ! ext]nal air into !m4 ,! want ( ?is enliv5+ elem5t makes !m appe> flat1 ?\gh n vapid4 ,su* be]s %\ld n1 if possible1 be br\ght imm$iately into use1 z age alone w\ld effect _! cure4 ,b :5 ?is _c be compli$ )1 e means t w put ! be] ^u ! fret1 or "u a new f]m5tation1 mu/ be ( s]vice4 ,by pit*+ a butt head ov] head1 ! lees ( ! be]1 :i* conta9 a l>ge proportion ( air1 be+ mix$ aga9 ) ! dr9k1 help to br+ on ?is action1 & to remove ! sickness4 ,burnt h>t%orn %av+s1 to ! quantity ( two-p5ny-wor?1 put into a butt1 are (t5 ( use4 ,balls made ) eight ounces ( ! f9e/ fl[]1 & knead$ ) treacle1 convey likewise air to ! dr9k1 & promote its briskness4 ,be]s1 by long /&+1 (t5 acquire s p[]ful an acid1 z to become disagreeable4 ,! means ( correct+ ?is defect is by alkal9e1 or te/ace\s sub/ances1 & 9 g5]al by all ^? :i* h ! prop]ty ( absorb+ acids4 ,to a butt ( be] 9 ?is condition1 f f\r to eight ounces ( calc9$ p[d] ( oy/]-%ells may be put1 or f six to eight ounces ( salt ( wormwood4 ,sometimes a p5ny-wor? or two ( :it+ is us$1 & (t5 tw5ty or ?irty /ones ( unslack$ lime2 ^! are bett] put 9 sep>ately1 ?an mix$ ) ! is+lass4 ,f two to six p\nds ( treacle us$ to "o butt ( be]1 has a v p[]ful effect1 n only to give a sweet fulness 9 ! m\?1 b to remove ! acidity ( ! dr9k4 ,treacle is ! refus$ sweet ( ! sug> bak]1 "p ( ! l>ge quantities ( lime us$ 9 ref9+ sug>s1 und\bt$ly ent] 9 its composition1 & is ! occasion ( its s(t5+ be]s4 ,9 proportion z be]s are m or less =w>d1 f two to f\r ounces ( salt ( wormwood & salt ( t>t>1 toge!r ) "o ounce ( p\nd$ g+]1 are successfully employ$4 ,all ^! sub/ances absorb acids1 b !y leave a flatness 9 ! liquor1 :i* 9 "s measure is remov$ by ! use ( g+]4 ,sometimes1 9 summ]1 :5 be] is want$ = use1 we f9d x on ! fret2 z x is !n 9 a repell+ /ate1 x does n give way to ! f9+s1 s z to precipitate4 ,= ?is1 ab\t two ounces ( cream ( t>t> are mix$ ) ! is+lass1 & if n suffici5t1 f\r ounces ( oil ( vitriol are add$ to ! f9+s next us$1 9 ord] to quiet ! dr9k4 ,"s coop]s attempt to ext5d _! art s f> z to add /r5g? to malt liquors2 b let x be rememb]$1 t ! pr9cipal con/itu5t p>ts ( be] %\ld be malt & hops4 ,:5 /r5g? is giv5 to ! liquor by any o!r means1 its nature is alt]$1 & !n x is n be] we dr9k4 ,treacle 9 l>ge quantities1 ! b]ries ( ! ,cocculus ,indicus1 ! gra9s ( p>adise1 or ! ,indian g+] p\nd$ f9e1 & mix$ ) a precipitat+ sub/ance1 are said to produce ?is extraord9>y /r5g?4 ,x w\ld be well if ! attempts made to r5d] be]s /rong by o!r means ?an by hops & malt1 7 to be imput$ to none b coop]s2 ,cocculus ,indicus1 & su* l +r$i5ts1 h be5 kn[n to be boil$ 9 worts1 by brew]s :o 7 m ambiti\s to excel ! re/ ( ! trade1 ?an to d ju/ice to ! consum]s4 ,7 x n t po9t+ out vice is (t5 ! means to =w>d ! practice ( x1 ,i c\ld add to ?is infam\s catalogue1 m +r$i5ts1 x 7 to be wi%$ practition]s nev] knew ei!r ! "n or nature (1 = f9+1 s(t5+1 & /r5g!n+4 ,=m]ly br[n be]s 7 requir$ to be ( a v d>k br[n1 incl9able to black4 ,z ?is color c\ld n be procur$ by malt prop]ly dri$1 ! juice ( eld] b]ries 0 frequ5tly mix$ ) ! is+lass4 ,?is juice aft]w>ds gave way to calc9$ sug>2 bo? are ne$less1 z "t & k remove our prejudices1 :5 ! malt & hops h be5 prop]ly *os52 & appli$ to _! int5d$ purpose4 ,su* are ! rem$ies *iefly made use ( = br[n be]s4 ,dr9ks =m$ f pale malts are always suppos$ to become spontane\sly f9e1 & :5 !y are s1 by be+ bottl$1 !y are sav$ f any f>!r haz>d4 ,z x is impossible = any f]m5t$ liquor to be absolutely at re/1 ! reason ( be]s be+ pres]v$ by ?is me?od1 is1 !reby !y are depriv$ ( a communication ) ! air1 &1 )\t risk1 ga9 all ! advantages :i* age1 by sl[ degrees1 procures1 & :i* art c nev] imitate4 ,7 we z curi\s 9 our ales & be]s z we are 9 ! liquors we import1 did we give to ! produce ( our own c\ntry ! same c>e & att5dance :i* we be/[ on =eign w9es1 we might enjoy !m 9 a p]fection at pres5t sc>cely kn[n1 & p]haps cause =eign]s to give to our be]s a pref]5ce to _! own gr[?4 ,,section ,,xx4 ,,( ,,ta/e#da4 ,doctor ,grew1 :o has treat$ ( ?is matt]1 divides ta/e into simple & comp\nd2 he m5tions ! diff]5t species ( ! fir/1 & calculates ! v>i\s comb9ations ( ! latt]1 ! numb] ( :i* exce$s :at at fir/ might be expect$4 ,)\t ent]+ into ?is detail1 ,i ?9k t ! diff]5t ta/es resid+ 9 ! b>leys1 or =m$ by _! be+ malt$1 & brew$ ) hops1 may be r$uc$ to ! foll[+2 ! acid1 :i* is a simple ta/e2 ! sweet1 :i* is an acid smoo!d ) oils2 ! aromatic1 :i* is ! comp\nd ( a spirit\s acid1 & a volatile sulphur2 ! bitt]1 :i*1 accord+ to our au?or1 is produc$ by an oil well impregnat$ ei!r ) an alkal9e or an acid salt1 %ackl$ ) e>?2 ! au/]e1 :i* is bo? a/r+5t & bitt]2 &1 la/ly1 ! nause\s & rank1 :i* is1 at lea/ 9 "p1 sometimes f\nd 9 be]s1 :i* h ei!r be5 greatly affect$ by fire1 or1 by long age1 h lo/ _! volatile sulphurs2 & h no?+ left b ! ?ick] & co>s] oils1 resembl+ ! empyreumatic dregs ( di/ill$ liquors n c>efully drawn4 ,! numb] ( circum/ances on :i* ! ta/e ( f]m5t$ liquors dep5ds1 are s v>i\s1 t p]haps !re nev] 7 any two brew+s1 or any two v9tages1 :i* produc$ dr9ks exactly simil>4 ,b z1 9 ?is case1 z well z 9 _m o!rs1 ! v>ieties may be r$uc$ "u "s g5]al classes2 ! bett] to di/+ui% !m1 let u enquire :i* ta/e belongs to diff]5t malt liquors1 accord+ to ! sev]al circum/ances 9 :i* !y are brew$4 ,9 be]s & ales1 ! acid prevails 9 proportion z ! malt has be5 less dri$1 & heat 0 want+ 9 ! extract+ wat]4 ,! sweet w be ! effect ( a balance pres]v$ betwe5 ! acids & ! oils4 ,:51 by ! means ( hott] wat]s1 oils m t5aci\s are extract$ f ! gra91 :]eby ! m volatile sulphur is reta9$1 ! ta/e becomes high] 9 reli%1 or aromatic4 ,if ! heat is /ill increas$1 ! acids1 & ! mo/ volatile oils1 w 9 "p be dissipat$1 & 9 "p be s envelop$ ) /rong] oils1 z ! bitt] ( ! hops appe>s m di/9ct4 ,a great] degree ( fire w impress ! liquor ) an au/]e1 r\gh1 or h>% ta/e2 & a heat beyond ?is s affects ! oils ( ! gra91 z to cause ! extracts to be nause\s to ! palate4 ,besides ^!1 !re may be o!r causes :i* produce "s v>iation 9 ta/e2 z a sup]ior dryness 9 ! hops2 an irregul>ity 9 ! ord]+ ( ! heat ( ! extracts2 too great an impetuosity or sl[ness 9 ! f]m5tation2 ! diff]5ce ( seasons 9 :i* ! dr9k is kept2 b z ^! causes affect ! liquor1 9 a l[ degree1 9 comp>ison to ! dry+ & extract+ heats ( ! gra91 an enquiry into _! consequ5ces is n absolutely mat]ial4 ,be]s or ales1 =m$ ( pale malt1 9 :i* a great] portion ( acids is conta9$1 ) less t5aci\s oils1 are n only m prop] to allay ?ir/1 b 9 g5]al m aromatic ?an br[n dr9ks4 ,! oils ( ^! la/1 be+1 by ! effect ( fire1 r5d]$ m compact1 & m t5aci\s ( ! t]re/rial p>ts rais$ ) !m1 are att5d$ ) some?+ ( an au/]e & rank ta/e4 ,?is seems to be ! reason :y br[n be]s require m "t1 aft] !y h be5 f]m5t$1 to come to _! p]fection4 ,! air1 by degrees1 s(t5s & att5uates _! oils1 &1 by caus+ ! het]og5e\s p>ticles to subside1 makes !m at la/1 unless *>r+ heats h be5 us$1 pleas+ to ! palate1 :]eas !y 7 be=e au/]e1 rank1 & p]haps nause\s4 ,by means ( ! !rmomet]1 we h endeav\r$ to fix ! diff]5t colors ( malt1 ! duration ( ! pr9cipal sorts ( dr9k1 & ! t5d5cy ea* has to become transp>5t4 ,! same in/rum5t _c probably h ! same use1 :5 appli$ to di/+ui% ! diff]5t ta/es1 z ^! dep5d on a v>iety ( causes n easy to be asc]ta9$4 ,yet some?+ ( ?is nature may be attempt$1 ^u ! foll[+ pr9ciples4 ,z ! *ief circum/ance :i* produces a v>iety ( ta/es 9 malt liquors1 is fire or heat act+ on ! malt & hops1 & ! effect ( ! air1 put 9 motion by ! same elem5t1 ! table "h subjo9$ may po9t out :at ta/es are 9 g5]al occasion$ by ! comb9ation ( ^! two causes4 ,a ,,table det]m9+ ! ta/es ( ,malt ,liquors4 ,heat ( ,dryness & ,pr$om9ant ! air4 extract+ heat4 ta/es4 #hj #aai ,acid4 #gf #abd ,ac4 ac4 sweet4 #gc #abi ,ac4 sw4 #gj #acd ,ac4 sw4 sw4 bitt]4 #ff #ach ,sw4 sw4 bitt]4 #fc #adc ,sw4 bit4 #fj #adh ,bit4 bit4 aromatic4 #ef #aeb ,bit4 arom4 #ec #aeg ,bit4 arom4 au/]e4 #ej #afb ,arom4 au/4 au/4 #df #afg ,au/4 au/4 nause\s4 #dc #aga ,au/4 nau4 #dj #agf ,nause\s4 ,! fir/ column ( ! table %ews ! f]m5table degrees rev]s$1 z ! hott] ! season is1 ! m f]m5t$ dr9ks t5d to acidity1 ! direct contr>y ( :i* is ! consequ5ce ( an increase 9 ! heat1 malt or hops are dri$ or extract$ )4 ,! assi/ance ( ?is table1 ?\gh small1 ought p]haps n to be entirely slight$1 z x seems at lea/ to %ew t ! useful is seldom sep>at$ f ! elegant1 & t a m$ium betwe5 extremes is mo/ agreeable bo? to ! op]ations ( nature1 & ! con/itution ( our organs4 ,! impressions ( ta/es are less 9 proportion z ! dr9ks are weak4 ,! /ronge/ w9e yields ! mo/ acid v9eg>4 ,"t we>s away ?is acidity mu* soon]1 ?an x do? ! nause\sness occasion$ by vehem5t heats4 ,?is circum/ance %ews h[ necess>y x is1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! process ( brew+1 to avoid extracts :i* are too weak1 z f h5ce1 9 its conclusion1 su* w\ld be requir$ ^: great heat w\ld r5d] ! dr9k rank & disagreeable4 ,t proportion betwe5 ! salts & ! oils1 :i* con/itutes s\ndness & pellucidity1 is mo/ pleas+ to ! ta/e1 & seems to be ! utmo/ p]fection ( ! art4 ,z ! sun nev] occasions a heat capable ( *>r+ ! fruits ( ! v9e1 we nev] meet ) w9es endu$ ) a ta/e resembl+ ! empyreumatic1 :i* we h "h repres5t$4 ,?is error1 be+ inexcusable 9 any liquor1 ought c>efully to be gu>d$ aga9/1 &1 f :at has "h be5 said1 we %\ld le>n ?is important tru?1 t nature is ! be/ guide1 & t1 by imitat+1 z ne> z possible1 h] op]ations1 we %all nev] be disappo9t$ 9 our ends4 ,,app5dix4 ,?\gh ?is "w has already be5 c>ri$ to a great l5g?1 ,i hope ^? ( my read]s1 :o may h done me ! honor to g att5tively ?r\gh ! :ole ( x1 w p>don me ! addition ( a few incid5tal ?\ghts & qu]ies4 ,! *a9 ( arts is s well connect$1 t rese>*es orig9ally int5d$ = ! illu/ration ( any "o ( !m1 c h>dly fail ( ?r[+ "s light ^u o!rs4 #a4 ,! se$ ( plants _c be put 9 a fitt] place1 = p]fect vegetation1 ?an :5 buri$ "u gr\nd1 at a dep? suffici5t to def5d ! "y %oots f ! vicissitudes ( heat & cold1 & ! disadvantage ( too mu* moi/ure4 ,! manur+ ( ! e>?1 & ! /eep+ ! se$ into solutions ( salts1 h be5 f\nd1 9 "s cases1 to increase ! /r5g? ( ! gra91 to correct its orig9al defects1 & to prev5t ! noxi\s impressions ( a vici\s gr\nd4 ,plants are made to g]m9ate 9 wat] alone1 & ?is exp]im5t s successfully c>ri$ on e w9t]1 9 w>m ap>tm5ts1 may /ill be improv$ by dissolv+ salts 9 ! wat]4--,c\ld ! b>ley us$ = malt+ be put 9 ! gr\nd1 its gr[? w\ld be m natural1 & its oils becom+ m miscible ) wat]1 by ! sal9e n\ri%m5t d]iv$ f ! e>?1 might yield m v9\s1 m /rong1 & m la/+ liquors4 ,b z ?is me?od is impracticable1 w\ld x be impossible to increase ! efficacy ( t :i* is us$8 ,consult ,home on agriculture3 might n ei!r nitre or salt petre be add$ to ! wat]1 ) :i* ! gra9 is moi/5$8 are !y n us$ ) success to manure l&8 ,are n solutions ( !m 9 wat] employ$ by ! f>m] to /eep 8 s[+ se$8 ,i b>ely m5tion ^! z "s ( ! sub/ances1 t might be employ$ 9 ! malt+ ( b>ley1 & am f> f ?9k+ !re are none o!r4 ,p]haps diff]5t salts %\ld be us$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil1 f :i* ! corn 0 produc$2 b a v>iety ( exp]im5ts seems to be requir$1 9 ord] to discov] h[ f> art might 9 ?is case imitate & improve nature4 #b4 ,a small quantity ( malt1 at all times1 b especially :5 brew$ 9 l>ge vessels1 p>ts too readily ) ! heat :i* extraction requires2 &1 on ! contr>y1 if ! quantity ( malt be v great1 ! heat may n be uni=mly spread4 ,a =w>d be] incl9able to acidity is (t5 ! result ( too %ort a gri/2 a ?ick1 /ubborn1 & rank liquor _m times is produc$ f too l>ge a "o4 ,e advantage may be _h 9 brew+1 prop]ly1 five or six qu>t]s ( malt2 x is difficult to succe$ if ! numb] exce$s fifty4 #c4 ,! /rong pung5t volatile _s1 :i* exhales f a mu/1 :5 "u full f]m5tation1 has be5 suppos$ to be a loss1 :i* might be prev5t$2 & accord+ly attempts h be5 made to reta9 ^! fly+ impetu\s p>ticles1 by /opp+ ! communication betwe5 ! atmosph]e & ! f]m5t+ dr9k4 ,t !re is a disp]sion ( spirits is beyond d\bt1 & t ^! exhal+ vapors consi/ ( ! f9e/ oils1 :i* ! heat =ces out ( ! mu/1 is equally c]ta94 ,b ?is loss seems to be abundantly repaid by ! /rong] oils1 :i* ! same degree ( heat att5uates & sub/itutes1 9 a l>g] quantity1 to ! =m]4 ,! la/ oils c\ld nev] come "u ! =m ( a v9\s liquor1 b by a p[]1 :i* soon] or lat] dissipates "s ( ! fir/4 ,pale ales or amb] n only lay1 = _m days1 expos$ to ! op5 air1 b suff]1 by ! p]iodical r5ewal ( ! action ( ! air1 e two or f\r h\rs1 a mu* m consid]able loss ( spirits1 ?an :5 f]m5tation is c>ri$ on uni=mly4 ,yet exp]i5ce %ews1 t s _m oils are1 by ?is me?od1 att5uat$1 t ! /r5g? acquir$ greatly surpasses t :i* is lo/4 #d4 ,! practice ( f]m5t+ by compression1 recomm5d$ to di/ill]s1 seems1 on ?is acc\nt1 less useful1 ?an might be conclud$ f !ory alone2 ! int5t ( ! di/ill]1 z well z ( ! brew]1 is to extract ! greate/ quantity ( spirit\s oils4 ,x is impossible to f]m5t a mu/ 9 vacuo2 air is absolutely necess>y to c>ry on ?is op]ation1 ev5 a sup]abundant quantity ( oils admitt$ into ! mu/1 by ob/ruct+ ! free admission ( ! air1 imp$es f]m5tation1 prev5ts ! w9e f rea*+ pellucidity1 & sometimes is ! occasion ( its becom+ putrid4 #e4 ,:5 ! pure/ _s is int5d$ to be drawn f ! gra91 ! f]m5t$ wa% ought to be suff]$ to settle1 till x becomes transp>5t4 ,! dispat*1 ) :i* ! di/ill]y is g5]ally c>ri$ on1 (t5 prev5ts ?is useful circum/ance tak+ place1 & occasions a want ( v9osity 9 ! liquor4 ,9 _m cases1 ! extraord9>y *>ges ( extract+ ! gri/ f malt$ corn1 9 ! mann]1 :i* has be5 direct$ = dr9ks int5d$ a %ort space to be kept1 & ( suff]+ ! f]m5t$ wa% to be meliorat$ by "t1 until x becomes v9\s & spontane\sly transp>5t1 might be abundantly repaid4 ,yet1 if hurry mu/ be a "p ( ! di/ill]'s bus9ess1 he %\ld at lea/ make su* extractions z admit ( ! spe$ie/ f]m5tation & ! readie/ pellucidity4 ,he _c expect corn spirits to equal ! br&ies ( ,france1 unless 8 worts are simil> to ! w9es di/ill$ 9 t k+dom1 :]e ^? us$ = ?is purpose are weak1 f9e1 & t5d+ to acidity4#db ,he w\ld !re=e secure to himself ! greate/ probability ( success1 if he employ$ only malt$ corn 9 8 gri/1 ?is ( ! be/ k9d1 well g]m9at$ to =m a sac*>9e basis1 slack dri$1 & resolv$1 ) weak extracts1 to pres]ve into ! mu/ a prop] proportion ( v9osity4 ,if he int5d$ ?is wa% to be =m$ into a pure _s1 x %\ld be all[$ "t to become transp>5t2 he might regulate 8 extracts by su* heats z h be5 fix$ = common small be]1 brew$ :5 ! heat ( ! air is at ! l[e/ f]m5table degree1 ?\gh p]haps heats less ?an ^!1 :5 dispat* is requir$1 might bett] answ] 8 purpose1 especially z ! l5g? us$ 9 ! di/ill]y is ne>ly ! same ) t :i* brew]s use = ! liquor "h ref]r$ to4 ,) hot wat]s to attempt to =ce f ! gra9 m /r5g? or m oils1 ?an su* z w =m a clean ta/eless _s1 is1 9 ! di/ill]y1 a real loss & a fundam5tal error4 ,by too /rong heats1 m oils are =c$ into ! mu/ ?an c be conv]t$ 9 spirits2 & f]m5tation be+1 by ?is ov] *>ge1 9 "s measure1 clogg$ & imp$$1 a less yield is made1 & ! liquor obta9$ ( a rank & (t5 empyreumatic ta/e4 #f4 ,:y are ! br&ies ( ,spa9 inf]ior to ^? prep>$ 9 ,france8 ,! w9es ( ! la/ c\ntry are ! gr[? ( a weak] sun2 !y conta9 no m oils ?an c be assimilat$ by f]m5tation1 & =m a clean1 dry1 nutty _s4 ,! ,spani% w9es ab\nd+ ) m oleag9\s ?an acid p>ts1 ?is ov] proportion becomes n only useless1 b hurtful 9 ! /ill1 & produces ! rankness obs]v$ 9 ,spani% br&ies4 ,! cleanness ( ! _s arises1 9 great measure1 f ! weakness ( ! mu/1 & its v9osity f a less proportion ( oils to ! salts4 ,?is seems to be ! reason :y ! mo/ grateful spirits are produc$ f w9es unable to be> ! sea1 or to be long kept4 #g4 ,! native spirits ( vegetables1 says ,bo]haave1 are sep>at$ by heats betwe5 #id degrees1 & #bab4 ,to obta9 ! :ole ( ^!1 ! fire mu/ be gradually increas$2 = a sup]ior heat dissipates ! spirits rais$ by an inf]ior "o4 ,su* p>ts z might be obta9$ by #ajj degrees1 are lo/ if ! heat appli$ be mu* great]4 ,x is true1 ! p>ts ( vegetables imm]s$ 9 wat]1 _c s easily be dissipat$ z if !y 7 9 op5 air1 yet1 by ! r>efaction ( ! liquid1 a proportional evaporation1 h[ev] small1 mu/ ensue1 or ! oils rais$ by a great] heat may s effectually envelope ! f9] ones1 z to make !m h>dly p]ceptible ei!r to our smell or ta/e4 ,?us1 ?\gh heat$ wat] is able to extract all ! virtues resid+ 9 ! vegetables1 ! diff]5t application ( ! fire w alt] n only _! proportions1 b _! prop]ties also1 :5 we consid] t pure _s ( w9e boils at s l[ a heat z #age degrees4 ,if ! above pr9ciples be true1 t surely mu/ be ! cleane/ _s :i* is br\ght ov] 9 ! sl[e/ & coole/ mann]2 & x is m ?an probable1 if ! rules "h laid d[n be put 9 practice1 ! gra9 ( ,engl& w be f\nd to yield spirits t may vie ) ! br&ies ( ,france1 be m pure ?an ^? ( ! ,indies1 & excel ^? ( ,holl&4 #h4 ,! v9eg> mak] is equally conc]n$ ) ! di/ill] 9 ! brew+ process4 ,v9eg> is produc$ 9 ! la/ /age ( f]m5tation1 :5 a gross1 t>t>e\s1 unct\s matt]1 consi/+ ( ! co>s] oils extract$ ei!r f ! gra9 or ! grapes1 g5]ally falls to ! bottom ( ! liquor1 & no long] prev5ts its acidity1 or affects its flavor4 ,?\gh ! be/ v9eg> proce$s ei!r f ! /ronge/ w9es or be]s1 ?is /r5g? consi/s 9 ! quantity ( f]m5table pr9ciples1 & n 9 t ( m]e oleag9\s p>ts4 ,by prop]ly adapt+ ! extract+ wat]s1 ?is hurtful imp$im5t may be remov$1 & ! v9eg> f malt liquors become z neat & z /rong z t :i* is made f w9e4 #i4 ,z ! acid ta/e ( v9eg> is ! effect ( a cont9u$ f]m5tation1 _m p h ?\ght x immat]ial h[ spe$ily ! fir/ p>ts ( ! op]ation 7 c>ri$ on4 ,b viol5t f]m5tations n only dissipate "s ( ! f9e oils1 :i* %\ld be reta9$ 9 ! v9eg>1 b also cause ! mu/ to t5d t[>ds putrefaction4 ,bo]haave1 aft] he has direct$ a frequ5t transvasion ( ! liquor1 obs]ves t1 :5ev] ! wea!r or ! workh\se is v hot1 x is (t5 necess>y to fill ! half empti$ vessels e twelve h\rs1 n only to procure a supply ( acids f ! air1 b also to cool ! w9e1 & *eck ! too viol5t f]m5tation1 :i* aris+ 9 ! half full casks1 might dissipate ! volatile spirits1 be=e !y are prop]ly secur$ & entangl$ by ! acid4 ,h5ce ! liquor might be s\r inde$1 b at ! same "t flat1 & w\ld nev] become a %>p & /rong v9eg>4 #aj4 ,application & uses h frequ5tly be5 f\nd = mat]ials1 :i* be=e 7 suppos$ to be ( no value4 ,! gra9s1 aft] ! brew] has drawn 8 worts out ( !m1 are g5]ally us$ = ! fe$+ ( cattle2 b ,i d n "k t hops1 aft] boil+1 h be5 employ$ to any purpose4 ,is !re no?+ m left 9 ?is vegetable1 aft] x has imp>t$ ! virtue want$ to ! be]8 ,all plants burnt 9 op5 air yield alkal9e salts1 ?\gh 9 a great] or less quantity1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! plants4 ,bo]haave says t ^? :i* are au/]e1 acid1 or aromatic1 yield 9 _! a%es a great abundance ( salts1 & ^! be+ put 9 fusion1 & mix$ ) fl9t or s&1 run into glass4 ,hops ?r[n1 aft] decoction1 9 no great quantity on ! fire1 cause ! coals to vitrify1 or z x is g5]ally t]m$1 to run into cl9k]s4 ,if !re=e ! rema9s ( ! hops 7 burnt 9 op5 air1 or 9 a prop] furnace1 x seems mo/ likely t no inconsid]able quantity ( some:at l pot a%es might be obta9$1 & ?is1 consid]+ ! _m tun weight ( hops employ$ 9 l>ge cities1 & ?r[n away z useless1 might become an object ( private emolum5t to ! brew]1 & ( public b5efit to ! k+dom4 ,,f9is4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,vide ,dr4 ,pr+le's exp]im5ts 9 8 book ( obs]vations on ! diseases ( ! army1 p4 #cej1 #cea seq4 #b ,!re is a v s+ul> exception 9 reg>d to iron itself1 9 ?is respect4 ,x is only a c]ta9 degree ( heat t exp&s ?is metal2 7& t mu* less ?an any o!r ei!r m or less d5se7 :5 melt$1 x occupies a less space ?an :5 9 a solid =m4 ,?is ought to caution u aga9/ an entire dep5d5ce on g5]al rules1 by :i* nature do? n appe> to be :olly re/rict$4 ,see ,mem4 de l',acad4 des ,sci5c4 p4 #bgc4 #c ,see ,dr4 ,lewis's ,philosophical ,comm]ce ( ,arts1 p4 #db4 #d ,see ,m>t9e's ,diss]tation on ,heat4 ,:at ! degree ( cold 0 :i* fix$ m]cury at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,i d n recollect4 #e ,x requires sev5 or eight days4 7,see ,diss]tation sur la glace p> ,mons4 de ,mayran47 ,p>is edition1 #agdi4 ,page #aia4 #f ,lately1 inde$1 by su* int5se cold z c only be procur$ ) ! greate/ art1 & 9 ! colde/ climates1 m]cury is said to h be5 /agnat$1 or fix$4 #g ,by ,dr4 ,hales's exp]im5ts made = discov]+ ! proportion ( air g5]at$ f diff]5t bodies1 x appe>s t rais9 w9e1 absorb$1 9 f]m5t+1 a quantity ( air equal to ne>ly "o ?ird ( its volume2 & ale1 "u ! l circum/ances1 absorb$ "o fif?4 #h ,9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,engl&1 ! usual "t ( /eep+ b>ley 9 ! ci/]n is ab\t #hj h\rs4 #dj bu%els ( b>ley wett$ #a h\r1 w guage !n 9 ! c\* #dj bu%els1 t is1 if dra9$ f its ext]ior moi/ure4 #dj bu%els ---- #bj h\rs1 ---- ---- #db-a_/b bu%els4 #dj bu%els ---- #dj h\rs1 ---- ---- #de bu%els4 #dj bu%els ---- #fj h\rs1 ---- ---- #dg-a_/b bu%els4 #dj bu%els ---- #hj h\rs1 ---- ---- #ej bu%els4 ,"h ! b>ley is suppos$ to be fully saturat$ ) ! wat]2 & ^! #dj bu%els ( b>ley1 guag$ 7aft] #hj h\rs wett+ 9 ! ci/]n7 9 ! c\*1 w be #ej bu%els2 b :5 aga9 guag$ on ! floor1 f ! effect ( ! roots1 & sometimes ! %oots1 occasion+ ! corn to lie holl[1 "h ! #dj bu%els ( b>ley w %ew z #hj bu%els4 ,vide ,ramsbottom1 page #aac1 c4 #i ,bo]haave ,elem4 ( ,*ym4 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #aie-aii4 ,exp4 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 & #ac4 #aj ,:5 ! m$ium heat ( ! dryness ( ! malt1 & ( ! heat ( ! extracts1 are s high z to require ! liquors to be =c$ or precipitat$1 9 ord] to become pellucid1 "p ( ! oils :i* support$ !m s\nd1 be+ c>ri$ d[n by ! precipitant1 !y w be less capable ( pres]v+ !mselves1 aft] hav+ be5 precipitat$1 ?an !y 7 be=e4 #aa ,i *ose ?is mann] ( express+ ! quantity ( moi/ure receiv$ 9 gr\nd malt f ! air1 z x is ! mo/ easy = ! direction ( ! fir/ extract4 #ab ,"p ,i4 ,sect ,,xii4 p4 #abd4 #ac ,see page #ef4 #ad ,= ! prop]ties answ]able to ! degrees1 see page #abd4 #ae ,x may be obs]v$ t1 9 ! fir/ & la/ degrees = dry+ malt1 sometimes we say "o degree m1 sometimes a degree less4--,! exp]im5ts we h made d n admit ( a geometrical exactness1 nor does ! practice ( brew+ require x2 small errors 9 be]s are effectually remov$ by age1 & ^! v>iations h (t5 be5 adopt$ 9 ! tables1 = ! conv5i5cy ( divid+ into :ole numb]s4 #af ,see p4 #abd4 #ag ,purl1 is pale ale1 9 :i* bitt] aromatics1 su* z wormwood1 orange peel1 c4 are infus$1 us$ by ! lab\r+ p1 *iefly 9 cold morn+s1 & a mu* bett] & :olesom] relief to !m1 ?an spirit\s liquors4 #ah #aeb1 to :i* #b degrees mu/ be add$1 = :at is lo/ 9 ! extracts com+ away1 or #aed degrees1 be+ ! heat ( ! ma% = keep+ small be]1 aft] amb]2 z ?is numb] is less ?an #aff degrees1 ! la/ ma% ( ! amb]1 consequ5tly1 9 ! computation made1 to f9d h[ mu* ( ! quantity ( ! liquor us$1 is to be made to boil1 to give ! true degree ( heat to ! ma% ( small1 ! diff]5ce ( heat requir$ 9 ?is ma%1 #aed1 & ! heat ( ! goods #afb or #h1 is to be multipli$ by ! volume ( ! goods1 & ! product 9 ?is case subtract$2 :]eas1 9 ! op]ations = brew+1 ^: heat gradually increas$ e ma%1 x is to be add$4 #ai ,we _h r attribute to ?is cause1 ! inf]ior quality ( ! ,worce/]%ire hops1 ?an to :at is report$4 ,t "s plant]s 9 t c\nty suff] _! hops to be s ripe on ! poles1 t !y become v br[n be=e !y are ga!r$3 to recov] _! color1 on ! fire ( ! kiln !y /rew brim/one1 :i* br+s !m to a f9e yell[2 ! dryness & h>%ness ?is acid occasions1 !y correct by spr9kl+ ! hops ) milk1 f :5ce !y bag clos]1 & require little /ra9+1 b two +r$i5ts m p]nici\s to ! =m+ good be]s1 p]haps1 c\ld n h be5 ?\ght (1 ?an milk & brim/one4 #bj ,?is rule only takes place = su* climates z are ( ! same heat ) ours2 = :5 dr9ks are brew$ to be exp5d$ 9 m s\!rn c\ntries1 or to und]go long voyages1 tw5ty p\nds ( hops to "o qu>t] ( malt h be5 us$ ) success4 #ba ,if1 ( ! :ole quantity ( hops gr[n 9 "o ye>1 "o half is put into bags1 ^: t>e is "o t5? ( _! :ole weight1 & ! o!r half is put 9 pockets1 ^: t>e is "o =tie? ( _! :ole weight2 if ! excise (fice all[s "o t5? = t>e ^u ! :ole1 & ! excise or weigh+ (fic]s1 are cont5t ) "o n9?1 z by _! m>ks1 & ! weight :5 sold to ! brew]1 appe>s to be ! fact2 !n some:at l "o tw5tie? "p m hops are gr[n1 ?an :at pays duty1 or ?an ! excise (fic]s report to be ! case4 #bb ,=ty %ill+s p] hundr$ weight1 are suppos$ to be ! mean diff]5ce betwe5 new & old hops1 & ought to be e/imat$ 9 proportion to ! quantity ( old left 9 h&1 & t ( new hops gr[n1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! value ( ! la/4 #bc ,b4 /&s = ,b>rels1 ,f4 = ,firk9s1 ,g4 = ,gallons4 #bd ,:5 !re are b two worts 9 br[n /rong1 keep+ /rong1 keep+ pale small1 or common small1 ! boil+ is to be obs]v$ z m>k$ = ! second & ?ird worts4 #be ,! small cask1 call$ a p91 is "o eigh? "p ( a b>rel4 #bf ,by new malt1 ,i und]/& su*1 z has n lo/ ! :ole ( ! heat receiv$ on ! kiln1 & by old1 su* z is ( equal heat ) ! air1 or su* :i* has laid a suffici5t "t to imbibe "p ( its moi/ure4 #bg ,at ! "t :5 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w 0 publi%$1 port] or br[n be]s 7 brew$ ) v high dri$ malts2 exp]i5ce has %ewn to ! g5]ality ( ! trade & to ! au?or1 ?is practice to be errone\s1 ! reasons :y h be=e1 & p]haps h]eaft] w aga91 be spok5 (4 ,9 compliance ) ?is improvem5t 7?\gh betwe5 ! two propos$ brew+s1 s great a v>iety w n appe>7 ,i h f\nd$ my calculations = port]1 on malts dri$ s z be/ w answ] ?is purpose4 #bh ,b4 /&s = b>rels1 ,f4 = firk9s1 ,g4 = gallons1 & ! numb]s pa/ ! comma1 :]e ! in*es are express$1 = decimals2 #cd gallons are "h all[$ to ! b>rel1 9 compliance to ! excise gaug+1 z ^! calculations 7 made )\t ! bills4 #bi ,! half degree omitt$ 9 ?is ma% w be add$ to ! next4 #cj ,diff]5t quantities ( wat] are diff]5tly affect$ by ! same portion ( fire2 :5 ! ebullition is j ov]1 & ! surface ( ! liquor is become smoo?2 if "s ( x is1 by a cock1 drawn f ! bottom ( ! copp]1 :]e ! colde/ wat] always is1 ! rema9+ "p1 hav+ a great] proportion ( fire ?an be=e1 aga9 beg9s to boil1 ?\gh n affect$ by any increase ( heat4 #ca ,see page #bfg4 #cb ,g4 ,c4 /&s = great copp]1 ,l4 ,c4 /&s = little copp]4 #cc ,d$uction f ! fir/ ma% = heat creat$ by eff]vesc5ce & h>d corns4 ,see ! calculation above4 #cd ,additions to ! ma%es on acc\nt ( heat lo/1 by ! liquor com+ f little copp]1 & by ma%+ & /&+4 ,see page #bic4 #ce ,! *>ge ( ! fir/ liquor is = #aa b>rels1 ) a d$uction ( #b in*es1 accord+ to ! gauges ( ! copp]s1 page #bba4 ,^! two in*es answ] to ! #h degrees ( heat = ! eff]vesc5ce1 h>d corns1 & new malt4 ,see computation above4 #cf ,! second & foll[+ ma%es are to be *>g$ ) z _m m in*es ( boil+ wat]1 z answ] to ! f\r? "p ( ! numb] ( degrees ( heat lo/ by ! refrig]ation ( ! ma%es4 ,see page #bid4 #cg ,9 be]s int5d$ = long keep+1 ! f]m5tation is to be gov]n$ by ! heat ( ! worts or mu/s1 m ?an by t ( ! ext]ior air4 #ch ,a mu/ or wort1 :5 "u f]m5tation1 f its int]nal motion1 increases 9 heat #aj degrees1 & no keep+ be]s1 :5 "u ?is act1 %\ld exce$ a heat ( #fj degrees2 = ?is reason1 worts ( ?is sort %\ld at fir/ be set to f]m5t at a heat ( #ej degrees1 & #ej degrees is ne>ly ! mean ( ! heats ^! liquors are impress$ )1 :5 deposit$ 9 cell>s1 f ! "t ( _! be+ =m$1 to t ( _! com+ into use4 ,_! long cont9uance 9 ?is /ate is ! reason :y six p9ts ( yea/ p] qu>t] ( malt is a suffici5t quantity to be us$ :5 ! heat ( ! air is at or bel[ #ej degrees4 ,if1 ?r\gh necessity1 processes ( ?is sort are to be c>ri$ on :5 ! mean heat ( ! natural day is m ?an ?is1 ! quantities indicat$ 9 ! table w be ! fitte/ rule4 #ci ,?\gh ! air bubbles produc$ f malt liquors are m uni=m1 z to _! size or consi/5ce1 ?an ^? ( natural w9es1 yet !y are n p]fectly s2 = ?is reason1 & because x requires a great] p[] to cause a wort or mu/ ( malt to f]m5t1 ?an x does to keep ?is act cont9u$1 aft] x is once begun1 x is necess>y1 at fir/1 to apply su* a suffici5t quantity ( yea/ z w obta9 ?is purpose2 !re=e1 "o half ( ! rema9+ six gallons ( yea/ is put to ! wort on its fir/ com+ d[n4 #dj ,! yea/ or air bubbles produc$ f natural w9es1 v>y n only 9 _! consi/5ce1 b also 9 _! volume2 s t1 9 _! act ( f]m5tation1 a progressive effect is ! consequ5ce ( ?is want ( uni=mity4 ,! yea/ or air bubbles ( b>ley w9es are m uni=m2 to imitate nature1 x is necess>y to apply ?is pr9ciple ( f]m5tation by degrees1 to cause a progressive effect only4 ,fe$+ ( dr9k is ! only means to ga9 ?is end2 !reby ! newly appli$ yea/ ma9ta9s ! dr9k 9 its requir$ agitation1 9 a simil> mann] z ! increas$ heat & action rais$ by f]m5tation causes ! air bubbles 9 natural w9es to act & explode1 9 proportion to _! consi/5ce1 & to ! quantity ( ela/ic air ! bubbles conta92 & s requisite x is p]iodically to apply m yea/ to ?is sort ( liquor1 or regul>ly to fe$ x ) ?is enliv5+ pr9ciple1 t1 9 v hot wea!r1 :5 ?is1 ?r\gh c>elessness1 has be5 omitt$1 ,i h kn[n ?is ale to become fox$ or putrefi$1 & c\ld attribute ?is accid5t to no o!r cause b to a neglect ( ?is sort1 z ! worts _h be5 regul>ly brew$1 laid ?9 9 ! cool]s1 receiv$ all ! cold ! night c\ld give !m1 & ! tun 9 :i* ! dr9k 0 work$ 0 p]fectly clean4 #da ,i confess ?is *apt] is r a matt] ( curiosity1 an effusion ( fancy1 ?an ( any use to me kn[n2 if ,i h suff]$ x to rema91 x has be5 to %ew t :5 we h long reflect$ ^u a subject1 our ideas (t5 lead u beyond p[] ( practice2 & ) ?is f>!r view1 t1 p]haps1 x may become ( s]vice 9 ! h&s ( "s m +5i\s & m p5etrat+ arti/ ?an myself4 ,h[ev]1 if ,i tr\ble my read] ) x1 x may be said to be 9 imitation ( an au?or f> sup]ior to myself 9 rank & k4 #db ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 ! w9es ( ,france 9 g5]al make ! be/ br&ies1 & ( ^!1 su* :i* ju/ly are t]m$ gre5 w9es1 7& soon w\ld become acid7 ?is leads u to ! nature ( ! gra91 & ( ! extractions to procure an equal1 pure1 nutty _s4 ,b>ley1 dri$ sc>cely to ! d5om9ation ( malt1 & extract$ ) ! l[e/ m$ium1 or p]haps "o inf]ior to ?is1 mo/ likely w\ld answ] ?is purpose4 ,i h tri$ ! exp]im5t 9 a v imp]fect mann]1 & f\nd x answ] beyond expectation4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,page ,acids1 :at1 #b ,air1 pr9cipal ag5t 9 f]m5tation1 #ai1 #bc ---- :y x slacks malt1 #bj ---- is n easily expell$ f bodies1 #ba ---- expell$ f worts by long boil+1 #hd ---- heat (1 relative to brew+1 #ade ,alcohol1 :at1 #b ---- mo/ effectually dissolves res9s1 #ch ,algebraic rules ( proportion = mix+ cold & hot wat]1 #bga-bhe ,alkali1 :at1 #b ---- its great p[] z a solv5t1 #cg ,b4 ,backs be+ set1 reason1 #cjf ,b>ley1 def9$1 #hi ---- visc\s & replete ) acids1 #ij ---- consequ5ce ( its g]m9at+1 #ij ---- its /ate 9 ! field1 #ia ---- ,effect ( heat+ 9 ! m[1 #ib ---- heat :i* de/roys its vegetative p[]1 #ib1 #ic ---- m[-burn$1 unfit = malt+1 #ic ---- h[ mu* x loses by malt+1 #ajj ---- may be dri$ )\t g]m9at+1 #ajb ,be]s1 :y deposit$ 9 cell>s1 #dg ---- be/ brew$ 9 pure air1 #he1 #hf ,bird1 ,mr4 8 !rmomet]1 #dc ,body ( a wort n op5$1 :at1 #cbj1 #cba ,boil+1 h[ effect$1 #c ---- necess>y = worts1 & managem5t1 #bbd ,br&ies ( ,france & ,spa9 comp>$1 #cec ,br[n ale1 :at1 #aih ---- /\t1 :at1 #aii ,burton ale1 :at1 #aif ,c4 ,cell>s1 temp]ature1 #aef1 #ahf ---- managem5t ( be]1 #cca ,cleans+ keep+ be]s1 #cai ---- common small1 #cba ---- amb]1 #cbe ,cl\dy be]1 h[ to be treat$1 #ccg ,cocculus ,indicus1 infam\s practice ( us+ x1 #cdj ,cold greate/1 at ,london1 #ade ,cool+-9 expla9$1 #bed ,copp]s1 me?od ( calculat+ heights1 #bbj ,d4 ,division ( wat] = a brew+1 #bce-bci ,dor*e/] be]1 :at1 #bjj ,e4 ,e>?s def9$1 #cc ---- sometimes us$ 9 precipitation1 #cc ,eff]vesc5ce1 :5ce1 #gi ,elem5ts1 = =m+ pale be]s1 #agb ---- br[n d41 #agg ---- port]1 #agh1 #ahj1 #bde ---- small be]1 #aij1 #bdh ---- purl1 #aid ,elem5ts = =m+ amb]1 #aie1 #bea ---- keep+ small be]1 #aig ---- pale keep+ /rong & small1 #bci ,expansion1 s+ul> exception 91 #ad ---- diff]s 9 diff]5t fluids1 #ah ---- ( wat] j boil+1 #bf ,exp]im5ts on ,?ames1 ,new ,riv]1 & ,hamp/ead wat]1 #ca ,extraction def9$1 #afj ---- f\r diff]5t modes1 #afc ---- #a/ mode1 #afi ---- #b;d ----1 #agc ---- #c;d ----1 #aha ---- #d? ----1 #aib ,extracts "u & ov]-heat$ %ew simil> signs1 #bi ,f4 ,fe$+ dr9k1 :at1 #cbc ,f]m5tation1 :at1 #f1 #ff ---- its sev]al /ages1 #ff-gc ---- its effects1 #gh ---- t]m too g5]ally appli$1 #gh ---- artificial1 def9$1 #hj ---- signs & effects1 #cah ,f]m5ts1 :at1 #hd ,f9+ be]s1 #ccf ,fire1 nature & prop]ties1 #ac ---- exp&s all bodies1 #ad ---- h[ x /r5g!ns "s bodies1 #ae ---- loos5s ! texture ( malt1 #ae ---- pres]ves bodies1 #ae ---- h[ to regulate its degrees1 #af ,fl[]s ( w9e1 :at1 #caa ,fox$1 :at1 #g ,g4 ,g]m9at+ heats ( ,france1 ,spa91 c41 #eg-ei ---- ,engl&1 #ei ,grapes1 _! ta/e 9 diff]5t /ates1 #ea ---- "u :at heat produc$ & rip5$1 #ea1 #ee ---- :y n produc$ at ,jamaica1 #ed1 #fj ---- h[ to discov] _! prop]ties1 #fd ,grey be]1 h[ to be treat$1 #ccg ,gr9d+ malt1 #aeg ,h4 ,h>d corns1 heat !y cause 9 ma%es1 #bie ,heat1 m$ium ( ,london1 #ag1 #ade1 #adh1 #aej ---- dissolves m p>ts ?an wat] c conta91 #bf ---- diff]5ce 9 %ade & sun1 #eb1 #aef ---- greate/ at ,london1 9 ! %ade1 #ade ,hops1 nature & prop]ties1 #bja ---- :5ce diff]5ce ( ,worce/]%ire ,k5ti%1 #bjc ---- useful 9 extraction1 #bac ---- calculation to regulate pur*as+1 #ac ---- imposition on pur*as]s1 #baf ---- volume e/imat$ :5 boil$1 #bbb ---- p]haps useful aft] be+ boil$1 #cef ,i4 ,incid5ts caus+ heat ( extracts to v>y f calculation1 #bhi ,is+lass1 :at1 #g ---- use & application1 #ccf ,l4 ,lees ( w9e1 :at1 #caa ,l5g?s 9 brew+1 explanation1 #bag ,m4 ,malt+1 process1 #id1 #abf ,malts1 alt] 9 color ! m !y are dri$1 #dh ---- incapable ( reta9+ m fire ?an is 9 ext]nal air1 #ii ---- _c be made 9 hot wea!r1 #ajc ---- fir/ degree ( heat t con/itutes !m1 #aje ---- degree :i* *>rs !m1 #ajg ---- effect diff]5t degrees has ^u !m1 #ajh-aab ---- prop]ties1 #aac ---- defective1 #aca-acg ---- _! virtue 9 wort conta9$ 9 amaz+ small space1 #bgj ,ma%es1 f\r1 _! diff]5t heats1 #fb ---- la/ heat1 #bic ,ma%+1 #bhf ,maturat+ & g]m9at+ heats1 #eg-ei ,m5/ruums1 doctr9e (1 #cd-ch ---- wat]1 oils1 & salts1 ! pr9cipal 9 brew+1 #ce ,mu/ f grapes1 con/itu5t p>ts1 #ff ,o4 ,oils1 con/itu5t pr9ciples1 #ce ,old hock1 :at1 #aii ,p4 ,precipitation1 :at1 #i ---- a rem$y = diseas$ be]1 #ccd ,processes ( two brew+s comput$1 #bga ---- r$uc$ to "o po9t ( view1 #big-cjc ,purl1 :at1 #aic ,putrefaction1 :5ce1 #gh ,r4 ,ra91 :i* mo/ fruitful1 #ec1 #ed ,rem$ies = diseas$ be]1 #ccd ,s4 ,salts1 a pr9cipal m5/ruum1 #cf1 #cg ---- _! nature1 #cg1 #ch ,seal+ h]metically1 h[ p]=m$1 #g ,sick be]s1 h[ to be treat$1 #cch ,signs g5]al1 direct+ ! processes 9 brew+1 #cbg ,spirits' pung5t1 exhal+ f a f]m5t+ mu/1 #cej1 #cea ---- ( malt might equal ^? ( w9e1 #ceb ,spontane\s pellucidity1 h[ produc$1 #cai ,/ale be]s1 h[ to be treat$1 #cci ,/eep+ b>ley1 h[ practis$ 9 ! nor?1 #id ,/ock ( be] prop]1 #cca ,/ubborn be]s1 h[ to be treat$1 #ccg ,t4 ,table ( *anges ( color 9 malt by heat1 #aae ---- %ew+ ! age be]s w require ) m$ium heats1 #aai ---- %ew+ ! t5d5cy be]s h to become f9e1 #abd ---- %ew+ m$ium heat at ,london at eight 9 ! morn+1 #adh ,table %ew+ m$ium heat ( ! air at ,london1 #aej ---- ( incid5ts affect+ heat 9 brew+1 #aee ---- %ew+ prop] dryness ( malt1 #afb ---- %ew+ ! quantity ( f]m5table pr9ciples resid+ 9 malt1 #afh ---- to det]m9e heat ( fir/ & la/ extract1 #agj ---- ditto = port]1 #age ---- %ew+ color ( gra91 #ahd ---- %ew+ m$ium heat ( ea* process1 #ahe ---- %ew+ heat ( fir/ & la/ extracts 9 common small be]1 #aia ---- %ew+ value ( hops 9 degrees1 #bjh ---- %ew+ ! quantity ( hops to a qu>t] ( malt 9 port]1 #bji ---- ditto common small be]1 #baj ---- ---- amb]1 #baa ---- ---- ,burton ale1 #bab ---- %ew+ ! m$ium price hops %\ld be>1 #bae ---- ( l5g?s1 #bai ---- ( gauges ( copp]s1 #bba ---- ( "t ( boil+ ea* be]1 #bbh ---- ( volume ( malt to r$uce gri/ to liquid measure1 #bed ---- %ew+ great evaporation ( wat] 9 brew+1 #bef ---- %ew+ volume ( malt equal to "o b>rel ( wat]1 #bfg ---- ( eff]vesc5ce ( malt1 #bib ---- %ew+ ! times worts %\ld be let d[n1 #cjh ---- %ew+ heat at :i* !y %\ld be let d[n1 #cji ---- %ew+ dep? ( head 9 cleans+ small be]1 #cba ---- det]m9+ ta/e ( malt liquors1 #cde ,ta/e1 reason ( ! diff]5ce 9 malt liquors1 #cdb ,te*nical t]ms expla9$1 #a-ab ,!rmomet]1 :5 fir/ kn[n 9 ,engl&1 #ci ---- its improvem5ts1 #dj-dc ---- assi/s to discov] ! heat ( bodies :5 bl5d$1 #de ---- discov]s ! /r5g? ( a wort1 #dg ---- ---- quality ( hops1 #dh ---- absurdity ( brew]s to reject x1 #di ,times prop] = brew+1 #adf ,two brew+s1 circum/ances relat+ to !m br\ght into "o po9t ( view1 #big-cjc ,v4 ,vegetables1 :y fit = w9es1 #gd-gf ,v9eg> ( be] equal to t ( w9e1 #cee ---- be/ made f /ronge/ liquors1 #cee ,w4 ,wa/e wat] 9 brew+ ea* be]1 #bcj-bcc ,wat]1 its expansion by boil+1 #ad ---- becomes ( equal heat ) ! air1 #ba ---- at :at degree x *anges to ice1 #ba ---- boil$1 its appe>ance :5 froze1 #ba ---- :i* makes ! /ronge/ extracts1 #bb ---- be+ light1 a good prop]ty1 #bd ---- great quantities evaporat$ 9 brew+1 #be ---- its ultimate p>ts less ?an ^? ( air1 #be ---- necess>y to f]m5tation1 #bg ---- excell5cy ( dr9ks too (t5 attribut$ to1 #bi ---- h[ exam9$1 #cj ---- its division into worts & ma%es1 #bcd-beb ,wat]1 boil+--! prop] /ate & "t = cool+ 91 #bij ,w9es1 g5]al def9ition1 #ej ---- ,tockay & ,can>y1 #eb ---- ,madeira1 #fc ---- ! mo/ c]ta9 signs ( _! :olesom5ess1 #hf ---- _! basis1 #afj ,worts1 sometimes ov]-hopp$1 #bg ---- height 9 copp]s ca/ up to fix ! l5g?1 #bbc ---- cool+-managem5t1 #cjd ,y4 ,yea/1 replaces ! air lo/ by boil+ worts1 #bb ---- heat at :i* x acts1 #cje ---- nature & cont5ts1 #caa ---- quantity = small be]1 #cae ---- ---- /rong be] & port]1 #caf ---- ---- ales & amb]1 #cag ---- bitt51 :at1 #cbj