,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 8be=e0 & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,equal signs 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate bold 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$ b o!r v>iations 9 spell+ & punctuation rema9 unalt]$4 ,,h& ,,gr5ades ,a ,,h&book ,,on ,,rifle ,,& ,,h& ,,gr5ades ,,compil$ ,,& ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,major ,,graham ,m4 ,,a9slie ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,new ,,york ,,john ,,wiley ,,sons1 ,inc4 ,london3 ,,*apman ,,hall1 ,limit$ #aiag ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,,graham ,m4 ,,a9slie ,,press ,,( ,,braunwor? ,,co4 ,,book ,,manufactur]s ,,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,preface ,! purpose ( ?is "w is to assi/ /ud5ts ( gr5ade "w 9 acquir+ a rapid & complete k ( ! subject4 ,if ! /ud5t w ref] con/antly to ! illu/rations1 :i* are accurate draw+s ( gr5ades n[ 9 use1 ?is book may help to elucidate _m po9ts :i* are inadequately treat$ 9 any exi/+ "w4 ,9 compil+ ! book1 ! au?or has ins]t$ only in=mation absolutely necess>y1 & has arrang$ x s simply t a p]son ) a v little previ\s k ( ! subject may be able to grasp bo? ! data giv51 & ! pr9ciples1 & me?ods h]e9 expla9$ & illu/rat$4 ,?is book is ! result ( practical exp]i5ce 9 ! pres5t w>4 ,g4 ,m4 ,,a9slie4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,h& ,,& ,,rifle ,,gr5ades #b ,,gr5ade ,,e/abli%m5t #bf ,,gr5ade ,,squad #bh ,,cle>+ ,a ,,tr5* ,,f ,a ,,flank #bi ,,frontal ,,attack #cb ,,tr5* ,,/orm+ ,,p>ties #cf ,,=eign ,,gr5ades4 ,,fr5* #ch ,,=eign ,,gr5ades4 ,,g]man #db ,,explosives ,,us$ ,,9 ,,gr5ades #ea ,,fuses1 ,,detonators1 ,,etc4 #ee ,,?r[+ #ei ,,h& ,,gr5ades ,a gr5ade is a holl[ ball1 cyl9d]1 or cube1 made ( metal or o!r mat]ial1 :i* is fill$ ) "s explosive1 & bur/ by means ( a fuse1 or on impact :5 x falls among an enemy4 ,until ab\t ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury tra9$ soldi]s call$ ,gr5adi]s us$ gr5ades :i* 7 ?r[n by h&1 b aft] t date !y fell into disuse4 ,9 #ahii--aijj at ! siege ( ,mafek+ !y are said to h be5 us$ by ! besieg$1 & also 9 ! ,russo-,japanese w>4 ,9 ! ye> #aiad1 h[ev]1 ! beg9n+ ( ! great w> produc$ new me?ods 9 ! employm5t ( infantry 9 ! attack or def5se ( positions4 ,x 0 prov$ t "u _m conditions infantry arm$ only ) a rifle & bayonet f\nd x impossible to press home an attack or hold a position aga9/ troops arm$ ) gr5ades4 ,?is weapon1 h&y to use & imm5sely de/ructive & demoraliz+ 9 its employm5t1 has play$ a mo/ important "p 9 e successful op]ation c>ri$ out by ,briti% troops on ! ,we/]n front4 ,x has become "o ( ! pr9cipal weapons n only 9 tr5* w>f>e1 b 9 ! attack & cle>+ ( enemy positions1 /rong po9ts1 villages1 & especially 9 h\se-to-h\se & cell> fight+4 ,,note4 #a4 ,9 ?r[+ all h& gr5ades an ov]>m action w be us$1 l a b[l] :5 play+ cricket4 #b4 ,atta*$ to all /ick h& gr5ades are tapes or /ream]s a c\ple ( feet long to enable !m to fly head fir/1 :5 ?r[n4 ,,briti% ,,gr5ades ,!re are two k9ds ( gr5ades3 ,no4 #a4 ,"t gr5ades4 ,no4 #b4 ,p]cussion gr5ades4 ,no4 #a rely = ignition ^u3 7a7 ,"s =m ( fuse light]4 7b7 ,a l5g? ( "t or safety fuse4 7c7 ,a detonator or explod]4 ,no4 #b on3 7a7 ,"s =m ( p]cussion /rik+ device4 7b7 ,a p]cussion cap4 7c7 ,a detonator4 ,= ?r[+ purposes gr5ades z foll[s3 #a4 ,h& gr5ades4 #b4 ,/ick h& gr5ades4 #c4 ,rifle gr5ades1 fitt$ ) fir+ rods #h to #aj 94 long4 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #a or ,g5]al ,s]vice ,type4 ,p]cussion /ick gr5ade4 ,weight4 ,two lb4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,lyddite4 ,safety ,device4 #a4 ,safety p94 ,lea!r ?ong ?r\gh eye ( p94 #b4 ,cord becket4 #c4 ,r$ indicator & words ( directions on removable cap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #a1 ,,m>k ,i4 ,body4 ,brass cyl9d]4 ,/rik]4 ,/eel ne$le c>ri$ 9 removable cap4 ,detonator4 ,special detonator 7see page #eg47 ,to prep>e = use3 #a4 ,turn ^w 8remove0 on cap to r$ indicator4 #b4 ,take (f removable cap4 #c4 ,ins]t detonator4 ,turn to left to secure4 #d4 ,replace cap & turn to 8travel40 ,to fire3 #a4 ,turn cap to 8fire40 #b4 ,pull out lea!r ?ong f safety p94 ,remove cord becket4 #c4 ,ga!r /ream]s palm "r h&1 hold+ gr5ade 9 left h&4 #d4 ,hold+ gr5ade "r h&1 pull out safety p9 ) left h&4 #e4 ,?r[ gr5ade4 ,pack+3 ,gr5ades are pack$ six 9 wood5 box ) t9 conta9+ t5 special detonators4 ,precautions3 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 act ( ?r[+ t gr5ade does n /rike any object 9 re> ( ! ?r[]4 ,always c>ry gr5ades at 8travel40 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #b ,hales ,h& or ,mexican ,gr5ade ,type4 ,p]cussion /ick gr5ade4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,tonite4 ,safety ,device4 ,safety p94 ,body4 ,brass cyl9d] #d #a 94 diamet]4 ,/rik]4 ,brass ne$le pellet #a 94 long1 conical head1 /eel ne$le po9t1 creep spr+ conta9$ 9 brass base piece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #b4 ,,hales ,,gr5ade4 ,detonator4 ,special ,no4 #b4 ,to prep>e = use3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade head d[nw>ds1 unscrew black ebonite1 if ne$le pellet f\nd secure4 #b4 ,screw 9 detonator4 ,to fire3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 left h&1 ga!r /ream]s palm ( "r h&4 #b4 ,hold+ gr5ade "r h&1 pull out safety p9 ) left h&4 #c4 ,?r[ gr5ade4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades are pack$ t5 9 a wood5 box1 ) t9 conta9+ t5 ,no4 #b detonators4 ,precautions4 ,see ,h& ,gr5ade ,no4 #a4 8,,gr5ade #cjc40 ,,%ort ,,rifle ,,no4 #c ,hales ,rifle ,gr5ade ,type4 ,p]cussion4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 #e oz4 ,explosive4 ,tonite4 ,safety ,device3 #a4 ,safety p94 #b4 ,releas+ coll>4 #c4 ,w9d vane4 #d4 ,reta9+ bolts4 ,body4 ,s]rat$ /eel cyl9d]4 ,/rik]4 ,brass flut$ ne$le pellet #a 94 long1 wasp wai/$1 conical head1 /eel ne$le po9t & creep spr+1 conta9$ 9 brass base piece4 ,detonator4 ,special ,no4 #c 7see p4 #eg47 ,illu/ration3 8,,gr5ade #cjc40 ,,%ort ,,rifle ,,no4 #c1 ,,m>k ,i 7,,or ,,hales ,,rifle ,,gr5ade74 ,to prep>e = use3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade head d[nw>ds1 unscrew black ebonite block1 if ne$le pellet f\nd secure4 #b4 ,screw 9 detonator4 ,to fire3 #a4 ,oil rod & b>rel ( rifle4 #b4 ,ins]t rod into b>rel ( rifle & "w x up & d[n to ensure lubrication & to expel air4 #c4 ,place special c>tridge 9 *amb] rifle & close bolt4 #d4 ,pull out safety p94 #e4 ,pull d[n releas+ coll>4 #f4 ,give w9d vane #a turns to left4 #g4 ,fire ! rifle4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades pack$ tw5ty 9 wood5 box 9 protect+ t9s ) screw-(f lids & f\r t9s conta9+ #bj 94 special detonators1 rifle1 gr5ades & tw5ty-two special blank c>tridges4 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #e4 ,,m>k ,i4 ,mills ,h& ,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t #d seconds4 ,weight4 ,"o & "o-half lb4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal4 ,safety ,device3 #a4 ,safety p94 #b4 ,/rik] lev]4 ,body4 ,s]rat$ oval ca/-iron4 ,/rik]4 ,/eel rim fir+4 ,ignit]4 ,special1 consi/+ ( a sep>ate unit4 ,special ,n4g4 cap hold]1 ,n4,g4 rim fir+ p]cussion cap1 #a 94 safety fuse & detonator4 ,to prep>e = use3 #a4 ,unscrew base plug4 #b4 ,exam9e detonator & /rik] well = faults4 #c4 ,ins]t special ignit]4 #d4 ,screw on base plug tightly by means ( special key4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #e1 ,,m>k ,i 7,,or ,,mills ,,gr5ade74 ,to fire3 #a4 ,hold gr5ade 9 "r h&1 base plug up1 ! f+]s hold+ ! /rik] lev] firmly aga9/ ! body ( ! gr5ade1 ! r+ ( ! safety p9 t[>ds ! left h&4 #b4 ,pull out safety p9 ) ! left h&1 keep+ ! pressure on ! /rik] lev]4 #c4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades are pack$ twelve 9 wood box1 ) a t9 conta9+ twelve ignit]s4 ,mills ,rifle ,gr5ade ,base plugs into :i* are screw$ #h 94 rods are provid$ = ?is gr5ade to be fir$ f rifle1 a special "o be+ fitt$ to ! rifle = ?is purpose4 ,,gr5ades ,,h& ,,nos4 #f ,,& #g ,r4,l4 or ,t4,g4 ,gr5ades ,type4 ,"t & friction4 ,weight4 ,no4 #f or light gr5ade1 #a lb4 complete2 ,no4 #g1 or heavy gr5ade1 #a lb4 #ac oz4 ,explosive4 ,safety ,device4 ,papi] ma* cap4 ,body4 ,t9 cyl9d] ) r\nd$ ends #d 94 long1 #b 94 diamet]4 ,ignit]4 ,special friction ignit]1 l5g? ( safety fuse1 & s]vice detonator comb9$4 ,to prep>e = use3 #a4 ,take (f papi] ma* cap4 #b4 ,take wood5 plug out ( detonator tube4 #c4 ,ins]t friction light]1 turn to left & lock1 clipp+ flange "u /uds4 #d4 ,replace papi] ma* cap4 ,to fire3 #a4 ,remove papi] ma* cap4 #b4 ,hold gr5ade "r h&1 becket t[>ds ! wri/4 #c4 ,pull out becket %>ply ) left h&4 #d4 ,?r[ gr5ade at once4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #f1 ,,m>k ,i4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades pack$ =ty 9 wood5 box4 ,f\r hav]sacks ) f\r t9s conta9+ t5 special ignit]s4 ,^! gr5ades %\ld always be c>ri$ ) papi] ma* caps on4 ,,note4 ,! ,no4 #f gr5ade is an assault or demoraliz+ gr5ade4 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,nos4 #h ,,& #i ,d\ble ,cyl9d] ,type4 ,"t4 ,weight4 ,no4 #h light patt]n1 #a lb4 #f oz4 complete2 ,no4 #i1 heavy patt]n1 #b lb4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,safety ,device4 ,,body4 ,t9 cyl9d] #b #a 94 diamet]1 inside l>g] cyl9d] #c #c 94 diamet]4 ,ignit]4 ,special ,nobel light] #a 94 safety fuse ,no4 #h1 ,,vii detonator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #h4 ,to prep>e = use3 #a4 ,crimp light] on to fuse1 ins]t fuse into detonator & crimp ! latt] on to fuse4 ,wax jo9ts at light] & detonator4 #b4 ,ins]t ignit] into detonator tube 9 inn] cyl9d]4 #c4 ,wax r\nd jo9t :]e ignit] ent]s gr5ade4 #d4 ,wire fuse on to gr5ade4 ,to fire3 #a4 ,hold gr5ade "r h&1 gripp+ bottom ( ,nobel light] betwe5 ?umb & f+]4 #b4 ,te> (f tape & pull out safety p94 #c4 ,press d[n out] tube ( ,n4 light]1 turn %>ply to ,r4 or ,l4 #d4 ,?r[ gr5ade at once4 ,,note4 ,! heavy patt]n gr5ade has m %rapnel & less explosive ?an ! light patt]n gr5ade4 ,,gr5ade ,,h& ,,no4 #ab ,hairbru% or ,box ,patt]n ,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t1 or l& m9e4 ,weight4 ,?ree lb4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal or guncotton4 ,safety ,device4 ,safety p94 ,body4 ,t9 box #ceb 94 ,a groov$ ca/-iron plate1 941 =ms ! front side4 ,ignit]4 ,special brass tube consi/+ ( spr+ & /rik] held 9 place by safety p94 ,cap & fuse & detonator or ,nobel light]1 fuse & detonator4 ,to prep>e = use4 ,see ,nos4 #h & #i gr5ades4 ,to fire4 ,see ,nos4 #h & #i gr5ades4 ,,note4 ,?is gr5ade is n[ us$ z a l& m9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #ab4 ,,battye ,,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 #b oz4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal guncotton1 #a oz4 ,safety ,device4 ,safety p9 9 ,nobel light]4 ,body4 ,ca/-iron cyl9d]1 #c #b 94 diamet]1 "o end solid4 ,ignit]4 ,nobel light]1 #a 94 fuse1 ,no4 #h ,m4,k4 ,,vii detonator4 ,to prep>e = use4 ,see ,gr5ade ,h& ,no4 #h4 ,to fire4 ,see ,gr5ade ,h& ,no4 #h4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades pack$ ?irty 9 wood5 box arrang$ ) removable wood5 p>titions :i* re/ on top ( ! gr5ades1 to prev5t lid com+ 9 contact ) ! end ( ! ignit]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,battye ,,h& ,,gr5ade4 ,,pit*] ,,h& ,,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t4 ,weight4 ,"o & "o-half lb4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal4 ,safety ,device4 ,body4 ,ca/-iron cyl9d] #d #a 94 diamet]1 "o end solid4 ,ignit]4 ,special4 ,?is gr5ade is n likely to be reissu$4 ,! ignit] is describ$ 9 ! ,tra9+ & ,employm5t ( ,gr5adi]s issu$ by ,g5]al ,h4 ,q41 ,octob]1 #aiae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pit*] ,,h& ,,gr5ade4 ,,oval ,,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 #b oz4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal4 ,safety ,device4 ,brock light]4 7,see ,pat5t ,light]s1 p4 #eh47 ,body4 #c_/af 94 ca/-iron1 egg-%ap$1 #c 94 long #b 94 diamet] at middle4 ,ignit]4 ,brock light]1 #a 94 fuse1 ,no4 #h ,m4,k4 ,,vii detonator4 ,to prep>e = use4 ,see ,h& ,gr5ade ,no4 #h4 ,to fire3 #a4 ,hold gr5ade "r h&4 #b4 ,pull (f wat]pro( pap] on ,brock light] ) left h&4 #c4 ,/rike light] aga9/ brass>d c>ri$ on left arm = ?is purpose4 #d4 ,?r[ gr5ade at once4 ,precautions4 ,! wat]pro( pap] mu/ n be remov$ be=e ?r[+1 z composition may get damp1 or gr5ade accid5tally light$4 ,,ball ,,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 #aa oz4 complete4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal1 #e oz4 ,safety ,device4 ,safety p9 9 ,nobel light]4 7,see ,pat5t ,light]47 ,body4 ,ca/-iron sph]e1 #c 94 diamet]4 ,ignit]4 ,nobel light]1 #a 94 fuse1 ,no4 #h ,m4,k4 ,,vii detonator4 ,to ,prep>e = ,use4 ,see ,h& ,gr5ade ,no4 #h4 ,to ,fire4 ,see ,h& ,gr5ade ,no4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ball ,,gr5ade4 ,,newton ,,h& ,,gr5ade ,type4 ,"t1 #d seconds4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 #e oz4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal4 ,safety ,device4 ,special split t9 disc ov] ,n4,g4 p]cussion cap4 ,body4 ,ca/-iron1 pe>-%ap$4 ,/rik]4 ,conta9$ 9 special /rik] cap4 ,ignit]4 ,saw$ (f 4#cjc 94 blank c>tridge1 #a 94 safety fuse1 detonator4 ,to ,prep>e = ,use3 #a4 ,remove /rik] cap4 #b4 ,ins]t ignit]4 #c4 ,slip on safety device4 #d4 ,replace /rik] cap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,newton ,,h& ,,gr5ade4 ,to ,fire3 #a4 ,hold gr5ade 9 "r h&1 n>r[ end d[nw>ds4 #b4 ,br+ /rik] cap d[n a %>p bl[ on brass>d c>ri$ on left ?igh = t purpose1 or ^u "s h>d surface4 #c4 ,?r[ gr5ade at once4 ,,newton ,,rifle ,,gr5ade ,type4 ,p]cussion4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal4 ,safety ,device4 ,newton ,h&4 ,body4 ,ca/-iron conical4 ,/rik]4 ,newton ,h&4 ,detonator4 ,comm]cial4 ,to ,prep>e = ,use3 #a4 ,remove /rik] cap4 #b4 ,ins]t detonator4 #c4 ,slip on safety device4 #d4 ,replace /rik] cap4 ,to ,fire3 #a4 ,oil #aj 94 rod & b>rel ( rifle4 #b4 ,"w rod up & d[n to insure lubrication & to expel air4 #c4 ,place special blank c>tridge 9 *amb] ( rifle & close bolt4 #d4 ,fire ! rifle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,newton ,,rifle ,,gr5ade4 ,,h& ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #ai ,type4 ,p]cussion /ick gr5ade4 ,weight4 ,"o & ?ree-qu>t] lb4 ,explosive4 ,ammonal4 ,safety ,device3 #a4 ,safety p94 #b4 ,%e>+ wire4 ,body4 ,oval1 ca/-iron4 ,/rik]4 ,mu%room-topp$ brass4 ,detonator4 ,special long comm]cial4 ,ignit]4 7,saw$ (f7 #chj 94 blank c>tridge4 ,to ,prep>e = ,use3 #a4 ,unscrew brass /rik] hold]4 #b4 ,ins]t detonator4 #c4 ,screw on brass /rik] hold]4 ,to ,fire3 #a4 ,unw9d /ream] at end ( h&le4 #b4 ,hold gr5ade 9 left h&1 ga!r up /ream]s palm ( "r h&4 #c4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 "r h&1 take out safety p9 ) left h&4 #d4 ,?r[ gr5ade4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades are pack$ twelve 9 a wood5 box1 also a t9 conta9+ twelve special detonators4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #ai4 ,,h&4 ,,rifle ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #bj ,improv$ ,hales ,rifle ,gr5ade ,type4 ,p]cussion4 ,weight4 ,"o lb4 #h oz4 ,explosive4 ,tonite4 ,safety ,device3 #a4 ,safety p94 #b4 ,releas+ coll>4 #c4 ,reta9+ bolts4 ,body4 ,/eel cyl9d]4 ,/rik]4 ,same z ,no4 #c ,rifle ,gr5ade 7see p4 #g74 ,detonator4 ,special ,no4 #c 7see p4 #g47 ,to ,prep>e = ,use3 #a & #b4 ,see ,no #c ,rifle ,gr5ade 7see p4 #g74 ,to ,fire3 #a1 #b1 #c1 & #d same z ,no4 #c rifle gr5ade1 see p4 #g1 ,fire ,rifle4 ,pack+4 ,gr5ades pack$ tw5ty 9 wood5 box1 f\r t9s conta9+ five ea* 8special detonators rifle gr5ade10 & #bb special blank c>tridges4 ,precautions4 ,see all /ick h& gr5ades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rifle ,,gr5ade ,,no4 #bj4 ,,divisional ,,gr5ade ,,e/abli%m5t ,,& ,,*a9s ,,( ,,au?ority ,divisional ,gr5ade ,(fic] & ,in/ructional ,/aff = ,gr5ade1 ,/okes ,gun1 ,tr5* ,mort> ,s*ools4 ,brigade ,gr5adi]s3 #a4 ,s]gt4 ,major4 #a4 ,q4,m4,s4 #d4 ,s]gt4 ,in/ructors4 #d4 ,gr5ade platoons1 p] battalion 9 brigade4 ,battalion ,gr5adi]s ( ,gr5ade ,platoon3 #a4 ,gr5ade (fic]4 #a4 ,s]gt4 ,in/ructor4 #d4 ,n4,c4,o4's & #dj m54 #a4 ,cook4 #a4 ,(fic]s' s]vant4 ,total1 #dh all ranks4 ,company ,gr5adi]s3 #a4 ,n4,c4,o4 & #aj m5 p] platoon4 #d4 ,n4,c4,o4's & #dj m5 p] company4 #af4 ,n4,c4,o4's & #afj m5 p] battalion4 ,total gr5adi]s p] battalion1 #bbd all ranks4 ,total gr5adi]s p] brigade1 #hif company & battalion gr5adi]s4 ,total gr5adi]s p] division1 #bfhh company & battalion gr5adi]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,divisional ,,gr5adi] ,,e/abli%m5t ,,%[+ ,,*a9 ,,( ,,responsibility4 ,,composition ,,( ,a ,,gr5ade ,,squad ,9 ,l9e ,no4 #a4 ,bayonet man4 ,no4 #b4 ,bayonet man4 ,no4 #c4 ,fir/ ?r[]4 ,no4 #d4 ,second ?r[]4 ,no4 #e4 ,n4,c4,o4 or ,lead]4 ,no4 #f4 ,fir/ c>ri]4 ,no4 #g4 ,second c>ri]4 ,no4 #h4 ,sp>e man4 ,no4 #i4 ,sp>e man or snip]4 ,9 ,s+le ,file ,no4 #a4 ,bayonet man4 ,no4 #b4 ,bayonet man4 ,no4 #c4 ,fir/ ?r[]4 ,no4 #f4 ,fir/ c>ri]4 ,no4 #e4 ,n4,c4,o4 or ,lead]4 ,no4 #d4 ,second ?r[]4 ,no4 #g4 ,second c>ri]4 ,no4 #h4 ,sp>e man4 ,no4 #i4 ,sp>e man or snip]4 ,duties ( ,above4 ,nos4 #a & #b ,bayonet ,man4 #a4 ,cle>+ ( a ,tr5* to a ,flank4 ,!y are ! bodygu>d = ! ?r[] & c>ri] & mu/ always protect !m "u any conditions & at all co/s4 ,,note4 ,! latt] are n arm$ aga9/ attack at close qu>t]s4 ,! bayonet m5 "w 9 advance ( ! ?r[] & c>ri] ( _! squads4 ,!y act z tr5* sc\ts2 t is1 !y in/ruct _! ?r[] & c>ri] h[ ! tr5* runs & :]e ! dug-outs & side tr5*es w be met4 ,!y w c>ry _! rifles ) bayonets fix$1 load$1 magaz9e full4 ,no4 #c & #f bomb & cle> all dug-outs on ! way d[n ! tr5*4 ,! fir/ man ?r[s ! bomb1 ! bayonet man ent]s ! dug-out & completes its "w4 ,at ! junctions ( communication tr5*es & side tr5*es !y act z tr5* s5tries & obs]v]s until reliev$ by ! squads 9 re>4 ,if necessity arises !y assi/ ! ?r[] by ?r[+ bombs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cle>+ ,a ,,tr5* ,,f ,a ,,flank4 #b4 ,frontal ,attack aga9/ ,enemy ,positions4 ,!y w be 9 l9e )1 n 9 advance ( ! ?r[] & c>ri] & w protect !m :ile ?r[+ by snap %oot+1 or ) _! bayonets aga9/ assault1 or a sudd5 ru% by ! enemy :5 at close qu>t]s4 #c4 ,/reet ,fight+ & ,village ,clean+4 ,!y w keep d[n enemy rifle fire by snap %oot+1 s z to enable ! ?r[] to "w close en\gh to 8 objective to ?r[ gr5ades1 & :5 ^! h bur/1 w g =w>d & complete _! "w4 ,no4 #c4 ,fir/ ,?r[]4 ,he ?r[s gr5ades accord+ to ! directions giv5 him by 8 lead] or by 8 bayonet m54 ,he is a pick$ man1 /eady "u fire & *os5 = 8 accuracy & l5g? 9 ?r[+4 ,no4 #d4 ,! ,c>ri]4 ,he foll[s close en\gh 9 re> ( ! ?r[]s to keep !m suppli$ ) gr5ades1 b mu/ be c>eful n to cr[d !m or imp$e ! ?r[+4 ,he w be prep>$ to in/antly take up ! duties ( ! ?r[] %\ld he become a casualty4 ,no4 #e4 ,n4,c4,o4 or ,lead]4 ,he is responsible = 8 squad & ! prop] c>ry+ out ( ! duties giv5 to ! squad4 ,he w inspect ea* man be=e an attack & see t he has 8 complete equipm5t & t he kn[s ! g5]al idea & direction ( ! attack & ! f9al objective ( 8 squad4 ,he w be responsible = ! ma9t5ance ( supplies ( gr5ades ?r\gh 8 squad to ! ?r[]1 & w sup]vise ! automatic fill+ up ( casualties 9 8 squad by m5 f ! squads 9 ! re>4 ,he w indicate ! position & progress ( 8 squad 9 ! attack to support+ troops1 etc41 by means ( flags or o!r signals by day & by color$ fl>es by night4 ,nos4 #f1 #g1 #h & #i4 ,_! duties are ! same z ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c & #d1 & are to be consid]$ prim>ily z c>ri]s until o!rwise employ$4 ,no4 #aj4 ,sp>e ,man4 ,he w act1 if necessity arises1 z lead] ( 8 section1 to cle> side tr5*es1 etc41 & w in/antly take ov] ! duties ( ,no4 #e %\ld he become a casualty4 ,no4 #aa4 ,snip]4 ,he w act z a snip] by day & a connect+ file by night1 betwe5 8 own squad & ! squad ( troops 9 re>4 ,,note4 ,e man 9 ! gr5ade squad %\ld be tra9$ to fill ! position ( any o!r 9 ! squad4 ,explanation ( ,*>t ,no4 ,a#b4 ,! position occupi$ by gr5adi]s 9 an attack+ squad has ?is ma9 po9t 9 consid]ation4 ,! safety & local protection ( ea* individual 9 ! squad2 c>e %\ld be tak5 t z f> z possible ea* man has a solid corn] ( ! tr5* close to him1 :i* he c use z a protection aga9/ ! bur/+ effect ( enemy gr5ades1 by quickly advanc+ or retir+ ar\nd ! corn]4 ,! bayonet m5 are 9 advance ( ! ?r[]1 close en\gh to protect him1 & n too f> 9 front z to be 9 dang] ( be+ bomb$ by him4 ,! ?r[]--! actual means ( attack--is protect$ 9 front by ! trav]se & 9 ! re> by ! corn] ( ! p>ados4 ,! c>ri] is close beh9d ! ?r[] & is protect$ by two corn]s4 ,! ,n4,c4,o4 or lead] is :]e he c be/ wat* ! flight ( ! gr5ades ?r[n by ! ?r[]s1 & is also equally well protect$4 ,me?od ( ,advance4 ,x is usually ! endeavor to bomb & cle> ?ree bays at a "t 9 advance ( ! bayonet m54 ,! ,n4,c4,o4 reports ! ?r[+ by ! ^w 8,m>k10 to indicate a bur/ 9 ! requir$ bay4 ,on ! ?ird m>k hav+ be5 regi/]$1 ! ,n4,c4,o4 gives ! ord]1 8,bayonet m5 report40 ,!y imm$iately advance up ! tr5* to ! la/ bay cle>$ & report back aft] exam9ation ei!r 8,all cle>0 or 8,enemy hold+10 :]eupon ! ,n4,c4,o4 gives ! ord] 8,advance10 or directs ! ?r[] to bomb ! la/ bay aga94 ,?is means ( advance is cont9u$ until ! objective is ga9$4 ,isl& ,trav]se4 ,! two me?ods ( attack are employ$ z %[n on ! *>t4 ,x is imp]ative t ! attack mu/ n be all[$ to be held up1 & %\ld x be f\nd impossible to advance d[n ! tr5* itself1 ow+ to enfilade fire1 ! attack mu/ be imm$iately laun*$ outside ! tr5*1 s z to attack ! trav]se f ! re>1 9 ! case ( a daylight attack4 ,precautions4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 especially by ! bayonet m5 9 _! advance ?r\gh ! tr5*1 t enemy conceal$ tr5*es1 dug-outs1 etc41 are n left undiscov]$4 ,! sides ( tr5*es & ! walls & floors ( dug-outs %\ld be c>efully exam9$ = conceal$ entrances or exits4 ,,frontal ,,attack ,,9 ,,conjunction ,,) ,,infantry ,! ,prep>ation ,be=e an ,attack4 ,! foll[+ details mu/ be c>efully consid]$3 7a7 ,! /udy ( op]ation ord]s4 7b7 ,! l9k+ up ( obs]vations ga9$ f ! #a4 ,/udy ( exi/+ tr5*es & a]oplane maps ( enemy positions4 #b4 ,! p]sonal reconnaissance ( ! topographical features ( ! gr\nd to be cov]$ 9 ! advance4 7c7 ,! detail+ ( squads to _! special objectives & ! arrang+ = "w1 c>ry+ wire & demoli%+ p>ties = p]man5t blocks at ! f9al objectives4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frontal ,,attack4 7d7 ,! k9d ( gr5ades to be us$ ) a view to facilitat+ ! c>ry+ ( same4 7e7 ,c>ry+ p>ties mu/ be told (f to insure supplies ( gr5ades rea*+ ! ?r[]s4 7f7 ,gr5ade depots mu/ be built1 sign bo>ds arrang$ =1 & cle>ly m>k$ 8,gr5ade ,depot0 n only 9 our own sy/em ( tr5*es1 b also ! positions told (f be=eh& :]e !y are to be e/abli%$ 9 ! enemy tr5*es1 or 9 ,no ,man's ,l& imm$iately previ\s to ! attack4 7g7 ,responsible (fic]s & ,n4,c4,o4's %\ld be told (f to look aft] ! gr5ade depots & supply ( gr5ades4 7h7 ,! position = infantry gr5ade dumps mu/ be select$ & cle>ly expla9$ to all units tak+ "p 9 ! attack1 & special p>ties told (f to collect at ^! po9ts & c>ry gr5ades to ne>e/ depots4 7i7 ,a traffic sy/em %\ld be arrang$ & all m5 mu/ be acqua9t$ ) x1 & ! tr5*es or l9es ( travel cle>ly m>k$ 8up traffic10 etc4 ,! ,advance4 #a4 ,9 l9e ) infantry4 #b4 ,9 advance ( infantry4 ,no4 #a is ! me?od adopt$ 9 daylight attack1 ! advance n be+ cov]$ by gas or smoke cl\ds4 ,no4 #b is me?od adopt$ 9 night attack & :5 wea!r conditions or topographical features ( gr\nd cov]$ 9 ! advance all[ x4 ,attack+ squads are allott$ positions 9 l9es ( infantry imm$iately opposite _! fir/ objectives1 & on rea*+ ^! positions %\ld imm$iately comm5ce bomb+ & cle>+ ! tr5*es t[>ds _! f9al objectives4 ,9 ! case ( ,no4 #a ! infantry cle>s ! ma9 tr5*1 b special gr5ade p>ties may be told (f to assi/ ! infantry 9 ?is "w1 especially :5 /rong po9ts occur 9 ! enemy position4 ,x is mo/ important t all infantry tak+ "p 9 an attack %\ld be previ\sly suppli$ ) gr5ades & ?is mu/ be consid]$ ! fir/ s\rce ( supply4 ,positions designat$ z infantry gr5ade dump+ positions %\ld be *os5 & kn[n to ! infantry at :i* !y dump _! gr5ades 9 _! advance on ! enemy positions4 ,^! positions %\ld be close to ! position to be captur$ & held4 ,9 ord] to hold positions captur$ f ! enemy x is imp]ative t gr5ade /orm+ p>ties hold _! f9al objectives at all co/s1 & until ! positions to be p]man5tly held h be5 consolidat$4 ,,tr5* ,,/orm+ ,,p>ties ,tr5* /orm+ p>ties %\ld kill or drive back ! ho/ile occupants ( a tr5* z quickly z possible1 cle> z mu* ( ! enemy tr5* z has be5 ord]$1 & !n hold ! portion cle>$ ) z small loss z possible to !mselves4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 tr5* cle>+1 & especially 9 deep & n>r[ tr5*es1 only ! head ( ! attack+ p>ty c directly kill1 & seldom m ?an "o man c ?r[ at a "t4 ,!re=e x is ess5tial t a con/ant supply ( gr5ades rea*es ! ?r[] & t ! places ( casualties are automatically fill$ by re9=cem5ts4 ,m5 mu/ be tra9$ until !y c d ?is ei!r by day or at night "t4 ,advance4 ,movem5t is rapid until contact ) ! enemy is obta9$4 ,once contact is e/abli%$ x mu/ be ma9ta9$ & press$ home4 ,a retreat+ enemy mu/ be giv5 no "t to re-e/abli% a def5sive attitude1 corn]s mu/ be work$ c>efully & bays & /raight pieces ( tr5* ru%$4 ,! bayonet m5 w complete ! "w ( ! gr5ades & see t ! c>ri] & ?r[] w meet ) no opposition on _! way to new ?r[+ position4 ,! effect ( a gr5ade bur/+ 9 a conf9$ space l a tr5* is trem5d\s1 & ?\gh x may n kill x w /un or %ock ! ho/ile occupants1 & if ! bayonet m5 foll[ up rapidly !y w meet ) v little resi/ance4 ,casualties4 ,e man mu/ be tra9$ to take up ! duties ( any o!r man 9 8 squad4 ,!y d n necess>ily keep to _! own squads2 ! squads 9 re> ( ! attack+ squad may be look$ on z a res]ve squad = ! "o 9 front4 ,?us1 ,casualty fir/ squad4 ,! ?r[] ,no4 #c is re9=c$ by ! fir/ ?r[] ( ! second squad1 & s on4 ,side ,tr5*es4 ,:5 a side tr5* is met )1 ! lead+ squad w g up & cle> x4 ,! second half w rema9 at ! junction until fir/ returns1 !n ! second squad w cont9ue advance 9 orig9al direction ( ! attack4 ,block+ & ,b>ricades4 ,= block+ captur$ tr5*es1 etc41 see ,manual ( ,field ,eng9e]+1 ,wire ,entanglem5ts1 ,hurdles1 etc4 ,,=eign ,,gr5ades4 ,,fr5* ,! description ( ,briti% & ,g]man gr5ades apply also to ^? gr5ades us$ by ! ,fr5* army4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,?ree k9ds ( pet>ds4 #b4 ,pe>-%ap$ p]cussion gr5ade h&4 #c4 ,! 8,besozzi0 gr5ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ball ,,gr5ade4 #a4 ,,ball ,,gr5ade ,,or ,,=tress ,,gr5ade ,description ,ignit]4 ,friction tube ) wire pull let into wood5 fuse4 ,safety ,devices3 #a4 ,! fuse is c>ri$ sep>ate4 #b4 ,! plug is cov]$ ) pap]4 #c4 ,! wire pull is b5t to prev5t a direct pull ( ! fuse4 ,to ,use4 ,see ,g]man sph]ical ,gr5ade1 p4 #dc4 #b4 ,,pe>-,,%ap$ ,,gr5ade--,p]cussion ,description ,ignit]4 ,a copp] tube conta9+ /rik]1 creep spr+ & detonator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pe>-,,%ap$ ,,gr5ade4 ,safety ,devices3 #a4 ,! cams lev] secures /rik] :ile ! lev] is held 9 place aga9/ body ( gr5ade4 #b4 ,! /rong loop :i* holds lev] aga9/ body ( gr5ade & is fa/5$ by a metal seal4 ,h[ to ,use2 #a4 ,?is gr5ade is always 8alive40 #b4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 "r h&1 neck t[>ds ! wri/1 ! lev] aga9/ ! palm ( ! h&4 #c4 ,pull (f ! metal seal ) left h&4 #d4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade4 ,,note4 ,?is gr5ade mu/ be c>efully h&l$2 x is c>ri$ & pack$ 8alive40 ,illu/ration3 ,,besozzi ,,gr5ade4 #c4 ,,besozzi ,,gr5ade ,description ,ignit]3 #a4 ,"t fuse :i* projects f ! gr5ade4 #b4 ,r$ phosphorus tipp+ to fuse4 #c4 ,detonator4 ,safety ,devices3 #a4 ,! gr5ades are pack$ 9 wat]pro( pap]4 ,to ,use3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 ! "r h&1 fuse upw>ds4 #b4 ,/rike ! phosphorus tip ) a d[nw>ds motion ( ! left h&1 ) ! /rik+ box4 #c4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade at once4 ,,notes4 #a4 ,fuse burns #e seconds4 #b4 ,^! gr5ades are always c>ri$ alive4 #c4 ,a special r+ or /rik+ box is provid$ to light ! fuse4 ,=eign ,hair ,bru% ,gr5ades4 ,!y are simil> to ! ,briti% ,no4 #ab ,h& ,gr5ades4 ,,g]man ,,gr5ades ,!re are two types3 ,no4 #a4 ,s]vice gr5ades4 ,no4 #b4 ,improvis$ or home-made gr5ades4 ,^! are aga9 divid$ into two classes3 ,a4 ,^? t dep5d = _! effect ^u fragm5tation on detonation4 ,b4 ,^? t dep5d = _! effect ^u ! %ock ( detonation only4 ,! type ,b is m commonly met ) ?an type ,a4 ,ignition is by "t or p]cussion4 ,! "t ( fuses ab\t six seconds burn+4 ,precautions4 ,:5 h&l+ =eign gr5ades c>e %\ld always be tak5 & ! foll[+ rules %\ld be en=c$3 #a4 ,only skill$ gr5adi]s %\ld be all[$ to exam9e & h&le any gr5ades f\nd4 #b4 ,gr5ade depots :5 discov]$ %\ld be imm$iately report$ to ! ne>e/ gr5adi]4 #c4 ,=eign "t gr5ades %\ld be ?r[n z soon z ! light+ device has be5 />t$4 ,description ( ,g]man ,gr5ades ,z ! means ( fir+ a gr5ade w be imm$iately app>5t to ! skill$ gr5adi] on see+ ! gr5ade1 ! foll[+ in=mation only is ( importance to ! unskill$ gr5adi]3 #a4 ,h[ to make ! gr5ade safe4 #b4 ,h[ to make ! gr5ade alive4 #c4 ,h[ to use ! gr5ade aga9/ ! enemy4 ,,sph]ical ,,gr5ade #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,screw out ! special light]1 tak+ c>e n to pull ! wire4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,gr5ade ,alive3 #a4 ,screw 9 ! special light]4 #b4 ,remove ! oil$ pap]1 /raight5 ! wire4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,put on wri/ /rap4 #b4 ,hold gr5ade 9 ! "r h&1 ignit] t[>ds ! wri/4 #c4 ,hook ! swivel ( ! wri/ /rap on to ! wire pull ( ! gr5ade4 #d4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade at once4 ,,note4 ,use "t ( fuse burn+1 sev5 seconds1 b ano!r light] :i* burns = five seconds--pa9t$ r$--is also provid$4 ,,/ick ,,cyl9d] ,,gr5ade ,see p4 #dd4 #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,remove ! h&le & base plug by rais+ turn$ d[n edge ( ! cyl9d] c>efully4 #b4 ,empty cont5ts ( cyl9d]4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,gr5ade ,alive3 #a4 ,see ! ,briti% ,gr5ades ,h& ,no4 #ab4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,pull out safety p94 #b4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade at once4 ,,note4 ,fuse ab\t #b 94 long4 ,burns ab\t six seconds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ick ,,cyl9d] ,,gr5ade4 ,,small ,,/ick ,,cyl9d] ,,gr5ade ,see p4 #de4 #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,take out ignit]4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ! ,gr5ade ,alive3 #a4 ,take out wood5 plug & ins]t ! ignit]4 #b4 ,te> (f pap] cov] f ! light]4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 "r h&1 rub ! mat* head on ! side ( a mat* box1 etc4 #b4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade at once4 ,,note4 ,"t fuse burns ab\t six seconds4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a1 ,fig4 #b ,,cyl9drical ,,gr5ade ,see p4 #dd4 ,regulation ,type #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,unfa/5 clips :i* hold lid ( cyl9d]4 #b4 ,remove c>dbo>d cyl9d] conta9+ explosive4 #c4 ,ins]t h& & )draw detonator f brass tube at end ( h&le4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ,alive3 #a4 ,if draw+ loop is atta*$ to h&le by pap] b&1 unscrew h&le & ins]t special detonator into brass tube at end ( h&le & refix h&le4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 "r h&4 #b4 ,pull loop %>ply ) left h&4 #c4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade at once4 ,,note4 ,"t fuse burns is /amp$ on h&le #e or sev5 seconds4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 gr5ade is f\nd )\t ! pull loop1 9 case x has be5 fix$ to light on unscrew+ h&le4 ,,oy/] ,,%ell ,,or ,,disc ,,h& ,,gr5ade ,see p4 #dg4 #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,if safety p9 is 9 place1 unscrew cap m>k$ ,s4 #b4 ,remove detonator4 ,,note4 ,if safety p9s & safety tubes are n 9 place1 ! above mu/ be done )\t di/urb+ ! gr5ade4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ,alive3 #a4 ,?is gr5ade is pack$ alive4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,hold+ gr5ade 9 "r h&1 safety p9 upw>ds1 pull out safety p9 ) left h&4 #b4 ,pull (f ! cap ( ! safety tube4 #c4 ,hold+ ! gr5ade ) ! fir/ or middle f+] on top ( ! safety tube & ! ball ( ! ?umb ov] ! cap m>k$ ,b4 #d4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade ) its edge v]tical4 ,,note4 ,a l[ or horizontal ?r[ may cause a failure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,disk ,,h& ,,gr5ade4 ,,p>a*ute ,,gr5ade ,see p4 #dh4 #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,unscrew ! plug 9 ! head4 #b4 ,)draw ! detonator4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ,alive3 #a4 ,unscrew ! plug & ins]t detonator1 fulm9ate d[nw>ds4 #b4 ,screw ! plug & te> (f b& hold+ p>a*ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>a*ute ,,gr5ade4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,hold loop ( cord firmly ) f+]s ( "r h&4 #b4 ,te> out plug f h&le & unw9d a %ort l5g? ( ! cord4 #c4 ,hold+ ! gr5ade 9 "r h&1 ! fir/ & second f+]s firmly 9 ! loop ( ! cord4 #d4 ,?r[ ! gr5ade to a height ( at lea/ #c to #d y>ds4 ,,note4 ,?is gr5ade requires consid]able practice4 ,,rifle ,,gr5ades ,see p4 #ej4 #aiac & #aiad #a4 ,h[ to ,make ,safe3 #a4 ,unscrew ignit] plug 9 ! head ( #aiac gr5ade4 ,unscrew fuse f ! body ( #aiad gr5ade4 #b4 ,h[ to ,make ,alive3 #a4 ,screw ignit] into head ( #aiac gr5ade4 ,screw fuse into body ( #aiad gr5ade4 #c4 ,h[ to ,use ! ,gr5ade3 #a4 ,foll[ out cu/om ( fir+ ,briti% ,rifle ,gr5ades4 ,,note4 ,only a ,g]man rifle c be us$1 & m c>e 9 h&l+ ! gr5ade be=e fir+ mu/ be tak5 ?an ) ! ,briti% gr5ades1 !y are liable to become 8alive0 if dropp$ on to ! tail rods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rifle ,,gr5ades4 ,,explosives ,,us$ ,,9 ,,gr5ades ,explosives are divid$ into two classes3 #a4 ,l[ explosives4 #b4 ,high explosives4 ,to ! fir/ gr\p belong all propellant explosives1 i4e41 all p[d]s1 su* z gunp[d] & smokeless p[d]s us$ 9 fire>ms4 ,to ! second gr\p belong3 7a7 ,all explosives us$ 9 %ells1 torp$oes1 gr5ades1 demolitions1 etc4 7b7 ,detonators or explod]s1 i4e41 explosives :i* />t explosive reactions 9 ! explosives ( ,gr\p 7a74 ,! *>act]i/ic ( ,h4,e4 is ! extreme viol5ce & sudd5ness ( _! detonation4 ,9 ord] to make !m in/antly pass f a solid or liquid =m to gas1 !y require a detonator or explod]1 :i* applies a viol5t %ock to !m & breaks d[n ! *emical /ructure ( ! explosive comp\nd1 & enables ! flame to pass in/antane\sly ?r\gh\t ! mass ( ! comp\nd4 ,?is explosive is kn[n z detonation4 ,! composition ( ,h4,e4 almo/ )\t exception is "s organic sub/ance1 usually "s =m ( c>bon comb9$ ) nitrog54 ,nitrog51 "o ( ! mo/ in]t gases kn[n1 owes its explosive value to ?is v in]tness2 x comb9es s v reluctantly t on ! lea/ provocation--su* z %ock--! comp\nd ( :i* x =ms a "p in/antly breaks up into gas1 giv+ ! enorm\s expansion ne$$ = explosive effect4 ,ammonal4 ,a gray p[d]4 ,an ,au/rian explosive1 picric acid plus ,t4,n4,t4 plus alum9um p[d] plus nitrate ( ammonia plus c>bon4 ,a v safe explosive--w n detonate :5 /ruck by rifle bullet1 b is v hygroscopic 7collects moi/ure7 & :5 9 ?is condition is liable n to detonate4 ,balli/ite4 ,consi/s ( guncotton plus camphor or vasel9e4 ,inv5t$ by ,nobel 9 #ahhh4 ,cordite4 ,consi/s ( nitro-glyc]9e #ee p>ts1 plus guncotton #cg p>ts1 plus vasel9e #e p>ts1 plus acetone to h>d51 inv5t$ by ,sir ,w4 ,abel4 ,b5zol4 ,or ,b5z9e1 us$ ext5sively z a motor fuel conta9s a fair p]c5tage ( tolu5e4 7,see ,t4,n4,t47 ,coal ,t>4 ,:5 subject$ to fractional & l[-temp]ature di/illation produces _m by-products valuable 9 ! mak+ ( ,h4,e4 ,^! di/illations give (f 8light0 & 8heavy0 oils ( coal t>4 ,donn]ite4 ,high explosive employ$ by ,g]man army 9 gr5ades4 ,dynamite4 ,see ,nitro-glyc]9e4 ,fulm9ate ( ,m]cury4 ,see ,m]cury4 ,guncotton1 or nitro-cellulose consi/s ( cotton wa/e1 purifi$1 dri$1 & heat$ ) mixture ( conc5trat$ nitric & sulphuric acid4 ,wa%$ & r$uc$ to a pulp & m\ld$ into #a oz4 prim]s & #ae oz4 slabs = s]vice use4 ,is consid]$ inf]ior to lyddite4 ,size ( wet slab ( ,g4,c41 #f #c #a 94 ,wet guncotton w n explode if hit by a bullet4 ,wet guncotton c be sawn by a wet saw4 ,requires dry prim]1 detonator & fuse to explode4 ,dry guncotton w explode if hit by a bullet4 ,dry prim] ( guncotton #a4ce 94 diam41 #a4ae 94 diam4 at ends1 & #a4be 94 high4 ,/r5g?1 #b times /rong] ?an gunp[d]1 unconf9$4 ,/r5g?1 #g to #h times /rong] ?an gunp[d]1 conf9$4 ,inv5t$ by ,s*ombe9 9 #ahdf4 ,gunp[d]4 ,a me*anical mixture4 ,saltpet] #ge p] c5t1 plus *>coal #ae p] c5t1 plus sulphur #aj p] c5t4 ,rate ( burn+ dep5ds ^u firmness ( p[d]4 ,lyddite1 or picric acid4 ,consi/s ( melt$ & solidifi$ picric acid4 ,vasel9e is us$ to melt x4 7,see ,picric ,acid47 ,m]cury ,fulm9ate4 ,is made by dissolv+ ?ree p>ts m]cury 9 #cf p>ts nitric acid1 keep+ mixture at l[ temp]ature1 & :5 dissolv$ add+ #ag p>ts ( alcohol4 ,a small quantity ( ,f4 ( ,m4 plac$ on top ( ,t4,n4,t4 =ms an excell5t detonat+ mixture4 ,a great _m ,g]man detonators consi/ ( ?is4 ,discov]$ by ,h[>d 9 #ahjj4 ,mel9ite4 ,a ,fr5* ,h4,e41 v simil> to lyddite4 ,is picric acid mix$ ) collodion4 ,introduc$ by ,eug5e ,turp94 ,nitro-glyc]9e4 ,is produc$ by ! action ( nitric acid & sulphuric acid on glyc]9e4 ,inv5t$ 9 #ahdg4 ,:5 pure is a colorless liquid4 ,explodes :5 heat$ to ab\t #cfj ,f4 ,n4,g4 9 liquid =m too dang]\s to be us$ 9 practice4 ,0 absorb$ 9 por\s solid by ,nobel 9 #ahfg z dynamite4 ,por\s solid us$ ei!r kiesulguhr or full]s' e>? us$ 9 p]cussion caps4 ,relative /r5g? #aej equals maximum ,bla/+ glyc]9e #aej ,gelat9e dynamite #acj ,gelignite #aaj ,dynamite #ajj ,c>bonite #ee ,picric acid4 ,a yell[ cry/all9e prep>$ f coal t>4 ,a by-product ( gas manufacture4 ,! 8heavy oil0 ( coal t> is boil$ & *emically treat$1 result+ 9 ph5ol or c>bolic acid1 :i* sep>ates f x4 ,c>bolic acid is boil$ sulphuric acid1 & nitric acid is c>efully add$1 result+ 9 picric acid4 ,x is a v safe explosive & v p[]ful4 ,its *ief fault is t x =ms 8picrates0 ) metals or acid salts1 "s ( :i* are m s5sitive to di/urb+ influ5ces ?an ! acid itself4 ,to ov]come ?is ! inside ( all %ells are v>ni%$4 ,pressure ( picric acid equals #ace1hbj lb4 on ! squ>e in*4 ,%imose4 ,japanese ,h4,e4 ,simil> to lyddite4 ,t4,n4,t41 or tri-nitro-tolu5e or ,toluol1 l>gely us$ 9 ,g]man army & navy4 ,is produc$ by heat+ tolu5e ) mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acid4 ,less p[]ful ?an lyddite1 b is m /able & does n =m 8picrates0 & is n affect$ by wat] or air4 ,w n explode if hit by a bullet4 ,pressure ,t4,n4,t4 equal to #aai1jjj lbs4 p] squ>e in*4 ,tolite4 ,fr5* "n = ,t4,n4,t4 ,trilite4 ,spani% "n = ,t4,n4,t4 ,trotyl4 ,g]man "n = ,t4,n4,t4 ,tolu5e1 or ,toluol4 ,exp]im5ts made 9 #ahii at ,k>lsruhe produc$ ab\t sev5 p9ts ( tolu5e f "o ton ( coal4 ,! mod]n process ( l[-temp]ature di/illation ( coal1 h[ev]1 greatly increases quantity t c be obta9$ f ea* ton4 ,is an aromatic colorless liquid hydroc>bon4 ,turp9ite4 ,fr5* ,h4,e4 simil> to ,mel9ite4 ,tetryl4 ,a coal t> product conta9+ m nitrog5 ?an ,t4,n4,t4 or lyddite4 ,:5 mix$ ) a lead oxide x makes a less s5sitive & saf] prep>ation ?an fulm9ate ( m]cury = detonators4 ,,fuses ,,s]vice ,,fuse ,no4 #aa ,safety or ,"t ,fuse ,description4 ,color1 black4 ,smoo? surface4 ,"t ( ,burn+4 ,"o foot 9 ?irty seconds4 ,composition4 ,tra9 ( sl[ mat* inside a wrapp+ ( hemp or flax1 cov]$ by lay] ( gutta-p]*a1 surr\nd$ by b9d+ ( black wat]pro( tape4 ,,in/antane\s ,,or ,,quick ,,fuse ,color1 r$4 ,ribb$ surface4 ,"t ( ,burn+4 ,eighty feet p] second4 ,composition4 ,same z s]vice fuse1 except t x conta9s quick mat* 9 place ( sl[ mat*4 ,caution4 ,in/antane\s fuse mu/ nev] be /or$ alongside safety fuse4 ,,detonators ,,s]vice ,no4 #h ,m>k ,,vii ,description4 ,copp] tube op5 at "o end pa9t$ r$1 m>k$ on :ite label1 ,no4 #h4 ,m4,k4 ,,vii conta9+ #cb grs4 fulm9ate ( m]cury4 ,,comm]cial 7,long7 ,,comm]cial 7,%ort7 ,description4 ,copp] tube1 op5 "o end1 conta9+ #be grs4 fulm9ate ( m]cury4 ,,explod]s ,,s]vice ,guncotton4 ,"o-oz4 prim]1 #ae-oz4 slab4 ,see ,explosives1 ,guncotton4 ,no4 #b ,detonator = ,h& ,gr5ade4 ,consi/s ( brass tube 7detonator hold]7 ) flat screw head4 ,! o!r end is fitt$ ) a cavity :i* c>ries ,n4,g4 p]cussion cap4 ,a comm]cial detonator op5 end t[>d ! screw head is plac$ inside1 its op5 end clos$ ) a wood5 plug2 ! clos$ end is pi]c$ ) f\r fla% holes to enable fla% f p]cussion cap to communicate ) ,f4 ( ,m4 9 detonator4 ,a brass screw 9 head ( detonator hold] closes detonator tube4 ,?is detonator has ?ree screw ?reads4 ,no4 #c ,detonator4 ,see description ( ,no4 #b4 ,?is detonator is 94 long] ?an ,no4 #b1 & has two screw ?reads4 ,,pat5t ,,light]s ,nobel ,light]4 7,see ,plates #h & #i47 ,! light] is made up ( two c>dbo>d tubes1 "o fitt+ ov] ! o!r2 inside ! end ( ! l>g] tube is a small brass cap conta9+ friction composition4 ,at ! top ( ! small] tube are two friction po9ts4 ,^! po9ts are held ab\t 94 f ! cap conta9+ friction composition1 by a safety p9 pass+ ?r\gh bo? tubes4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! small] tube is a small copp] b& into :i* ! fuse c be crimp$4 ,a n>r[ b& ( wat]pro( tape ) a loose end is glu$ ar\nd ! jo9t ( ! two tubes to keep out moi/ure4 ,to ,assemble4 ,ins]t fuse into light]1 fa/5 by crimp+1 & ins]t o!r end ( fuse into detonator4 ,! jo9ts at light] & detonator %\ld be wax$ to make x damp-pro( & fla%-pro(4 ,brock ,light]4 ,see ,gr5ade ,h&4 ,consi/s ( a small c>dbo>d cup fill$ ) friction composition1 cov]$ ) wat]pro( pap]4 ,! latt] c be torn (f by pull+ a small tag :i* is left free4 ,gr5ades ) fuses are s arrang$ 7) suffici5t l5g? ( fuse7 to explode f #c to #e seconds aft] be+ ignit$ & ?r[n1 giv+ ! ?r[] pl5ty ( "t 7:5 ?r[+ f a tr5*7 to b5d d[n safe4 ,gr5ades1 )\t fuses 7b ) detonators only7 w explode on impact2 = in/ance1 9 ,gr5ade ,no4 #a1 ,m>k ,i1 x is obvi\s :5 in/ructions 7see p4 #b1 ,gr5ade #a7 are c>ri$ out1 & gr5ade is ?r[n1 t ! /eel ne$le w be driv5 into ! detonator & explod$4 ,9 ,gr5ade ,no4 #c1 ,m>k ,i1 :5 safety p9 is remov$ & releas+ socket slipp$ back1 ! w9d vane revolves backw>d 7dur+ ! passage ?r\gh ! air7 until f> en\gh to all[ ! reta9+ bolt to fall out4 ,?is leaves no?+ betwe5 ! fir+ ne$le & detonator cap except a v ?9 spiral spr+ :i* is only /rong en\gh to hold ! weight ( ! ne$le pellet until ! %ock ( impact :5 ! gr5ade explodes4 ,9 ,gr5ade ,no4 #bj releas+ coll> slips back on ! rifle be+ fir$4 ,9 ,gr5ade ,no4 #e1 ,m>k ,i4 ,on ?is gr5ade be+ ?r[n ! pressure ( ! f+]s be+ releas$ ! /rik+ lev] flies outw>d by ! pressure ( ! p[]ful spr+1 releas+ ! %\ld] ( ! fir+ /rik] :i* is driv5 on to ! fuse & explodes 9 #d seconds4 ,all o!r gr5ades1 see pages opposite plates4 ,,?r[+ ,h& gr5ades are held firmly 9 ! h& beh9d ! ?r[]1 ! arm is br\ght quickly upw>d ) a sweep+ movem5t 7! arm /raight all ! "t71 ! gr5ade w be let g :5 ! h& is above ! ?r[]'s head1 & %\ld describe a semicircle 9 its flight4 ,h& gr5ades c be ?r[n f #cj to #ej y>ds1 rifle gr5ades f #bjj to #djj y>ds4 ,attacks %\ld be practic$ ) dummy & det]iorat$ gr5ades1 i4e41 gr5ades ) only a detonator & no explosive1 etc4 ,confid5ce & k ( gr5ades %\ld be ga9$ by /ud5ts h&l+1 /ripp+ & assembl+ all types & h&l+ fuses & detonators1 z (t5 z possible4 ,! importance ( gr5ade "w _c be ov]-e/imat$ & "o c imag9e numb]less cases :5 a gr5ade is m useful ?an any o!r weapon4 ,= in/ance1 9 /reet fight+ a numb] ( ! enemy are hold+ a h\se & fir+ f an upp] w9d[ comm&+ ! ma9 approa*4 ,y _c get at !m ) a rifle1 b x might be comp>atively easy = "o or two m5 to get along to ! h\se by back ways1 us+ ! o!r h\ses = %elt] & ?r[ a gr5ade ?r\gh ! w9d[1 kill+ ev]yone 9 ! room4