,,! ,,"r ,,hon\rable ,,sir ,,h5ry       
,,enfield ,,roscoe  ,p4,c41 ,d4,c4,l41  
,f4,r4,s4     ,illu/ration3 ,h5ry ,e4   
,roscoe  ,photo4 ,e4,h4 ,mills4  ,walt] 
,l4 ,colls4 ,sc4                        
,! ,"r ,hon\rable                       
,sir ,h5ry ,enfield ,roscoe             
,p4,c41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s4            
,a ,,biographical ,,sket*               
,,by                      ,,sir ,,edw>d 
,,?orpe1 ,c4,b41 ,f4,r4,s4              
,,longmans1 ,,gre5 ,,& ,,co4            
#ci ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london           
,,f\r? ,,av5ue  #cj,,? ,,/reet1 ,,new   
,,york                       ,,bombay1  
,,calcutta1 ,,& ,,madras                
#aiaf                           ,all    
rights res]v$     ,,adv]tisem5t   ,?is  
sket* ( ! life & activities ( ,sir ,h5ry
 ,enfield ,roscoe is bas$1 to a l>ge    
ext5t1 ^u an obitu>y notice prep>$ at ! 
reque/ ( ! ,c\ncils ( ! ,royal &        
,*emical ,societies1 ( :i* its subject 0
 a di/+ui%$ memb]1 ) a view to          
publication 9 _! respective ,proce$+s & 

,transactions4 ,9 its pres5t m ext5d$ =m
 x is (f]$ to a wid] public z ! record (
 8a life 9 civic action worn10 & z a    
slight tribute f a grateful pupil1 an   
atta*$ co-work]1 & a lifelong fri5d to !
 memory ( a /r5u\s high-m9d$ man1 ( l>ge
 aims & g5]\s impulses1 :o sp5t 8       
abilities & en]gies un/9t+ly 9 promot+ !
 welf>e ( sci5ce & ! good ( 8 k9d4      
,,cont5ts                               
,,page                                  
,,*apt] ,i      ,,william               
,,roscoe--,,h5ry ,,roscoe               
#a                             ,,*apt]  
,,ii      ,,h5ry ,,enfield              
,,roscoe--,,bir? ,,& ,,education        
#af                             ,,*apt] 
,,iii      ,,ow5s ,,college1 ,,man*e/]  
#bh                             ,,*apt] 
,,iv      ,,! ,,york%ire ,,college      
#ec                              ,,*apt]
 ,v      ,,! ,,victoria ,,univ]sity     
#gg                             ,,*apt] 
,,vi      ,,roscoe ,,z ,a ,,tea*]       
#ig                             ,,*apt] 

,,vii      ,,roscoe ,,z ,,an            
,,inve/igator                           
#aaj                            ,,*apt] 
,,viii      ,,roscoe ,,& ,,*emical      
,,lit]ature                             
#ach                             ,,*apt]
 ,,ix      ,,roscoe ,,& ,,!             
,,organization ,,( ,,sci5tific          
,,societies        #adf                 
,,*apt] ,x      ,,public                
,,s]vices--,,political ,,& ,,pr(essional
 ,,"w            #aeb                   
,,*apt] ,,xi      ,,univ]sity ,,(       
,,london--,,eton ,,college--,,univ]sity 
,,college     ,,( ,,dundee--,,scotti%   
,,univ]sities ,,commission--,,royal     
,,commission ,,( ,,! #ahea              
,,exhibition--,,c>negie ,,tru/3         
,,scotti% ,,univ]sities--,,sci5ce ,,&   
,,art ,,dep>tm5t3     ,,sci5ce          
,,museums--,,li/] ,,in/itute ,,(        
,,prev5tive     ,,m$ic9e                
#afa                             ,,*apt]
 ,,xii      ,,dignities ,,&             
,,hon\rs--,,! ,,deuts*e                 

,,revue--,,g]many     ,,& ,,engl&--,,_w 
,,supremacy ,,or ,,w>                   
#age                            ,,*apt] 
,,xiii      ,,home ,,life--,,lady       
,,roscoe--,,woodcote ,,lodge--,,p]sonal 
,,*>act]i/ics--,,dea?                   
#aij      ,,index                       
#bjd     ,,! ,,"r ,,hon\rable ,,sir     
,,h5ry ,,enfield ,,roscoe     ,,*apt] ,i
  ,,william ,,roscoe--,,h5ry ,,roscoe   
,! subject ( ?is memoir _h no p>ticul>  
pride ( ance/ry4 ,/emmata quid faciunt8 
,al?\gh ) no convictions on ! subject1  
he 0 will+ to believe t 8 l9e /ret*$ at 
lea/ z f> back z ,adam & ,eve1 & he     
d\bt$ :e!r any man c\ld ) c]ta9ty       
claim--pace ,d>w9--a m anci5t l9eage4#a 
,z he has told u 9 8 ,autobiography1 8  
family 0 "o ( ! _m t c\ld n trace its   
orig9 = m ?an ?ree or f\r g5]ations     
back4 ,all he knew 0 t he came ( a      
,nor?-c\ntry /ock1 memb]s ( :i*--village
 ,hampd5s & mute +lori\s ,miltons--_h   
be5 settl$ 9 ! ,c\nty ,palat9e & 9 !    
vic9ity ( ,liv]pool = _m ye>s4 ,he _h a 

di/+ui%$ gr&fa!r1 a man ( m>k & public  
weight 9 8 native t[n1 & :o be>s an     
hon\r$ "n 9 our lit]ature4 ,( him x is  
relat$ t :5 a c]ta9 ,g>t] ,pr9cipal     
,k+-at-,arms desir$ to trace 8 p$igree  
7:i* _h hi!rto baffl$ 8 rese>*es71 he   
repli$ t he 0 a good patri>*1 & ! prop] 
p]son to beg9 a family1 z he _h a       
quiv]ful ( sons4 8,accord+ly ! :ole     
desc5t is regi/]$1 & ! ,roscoes may n[ g
 on 9 scula sculorum4 ,am540  ,mr4      
,william ,roscoe--,gr&fa!r ,roscoe z he 
0 call$ 9 ! family circle--0 ju/ly      
claim$ by 8 gr&son to be ! fir/ man (   
di/9ction t ,liv]pool _h produc$4       
,al?\gh m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s h  
pass$ s9ce 8 bir? 8 "n /ill rema9s "o ( 
! mo/ prom95t 9 its hi/ory4 ,8 /ory is  
"o ( ! ,romances ( ,lit]ature4  ,born 9 
#agec1 he 0 ! son ( a m>ket g>d5] :o    
kept a b[l+-gre51 atta*$ to a tav]n1 9  
:at 0 !n a rural di/rict ( ,liv]pool    
kn[n z ,m\nt ,pleasant4 ,he le>n$ to    
read & write1 & t 0 practically all !   
s*ool+ he receiv$1 = at ! age ( twelve  

he 0 requir$ to help 8 fa!r 9 !         
cultivation ( 8 g>d51 & to c>ry cabbages
 & potatoes on 8 head to m>ket4 ,b he _h
 an insatiable appetite = k1 & su*      
leisure z he c\ld secure he gave to     
read+ & /udy4 ,8 love ( lit]ature l$ him
 to take s]vice 9 a booksell]'s %op1 b  
f9d+ t 8 duties 7 ^? ( a drudge1 leav+  
him little opportunity = gratify+ 8     
passion1 he articl$ himself :5 fifte5   
ye>s old to an attorney4 ,he work$ h>d  
at 8 pr(ession1 b /ill f\nd "t to       
cultivate ! ,muses1 &1 ) ! assi/ance ( a
 gift$ fri5d ( 8 own age :o taught      
languages 9 a s*ool1 he read ! ,classics
 & began ! /udy ( ! lit]ature ( ,italy4 
,he e>ly tri$ 8 h& at poetry--imitations
 ( ,goldsmi? & ,%5/one1 or translations 
f ! ,italian4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-f\r he     
publi%$ a long poem--8,m\nt             
,pleasant0--a *>act]i/ically /ilt$      
eighte5?-c5tury production ( no great   
m]it & n[ =gott51 b :i* on its appe>ance
 0 prais$ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1     
less1 p]haps1 = its poetry ?an = its    

passionate prote/ aga9/ ! iniquities (  
8t execrable sum ( all villa9ies        
commonly call$ ! ,african slave         
trade0--at t "t "o ( ! s\rces ( !       
comm]cial prosp]ity ( ,liv]pool4 ,!     
c\rage ( ! /ruggl+ "y lawy] 9 ?us       
inveigh+ aga9/ ?is vici\s traffic r\s$ !
 ang] ( "s ( ! weal?ie/ & mo/ influ5tial
 ( 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,he foll[$ up 8     
attack by ano!r poem on ! 8,wrongs (    
,africa10 & he _h a fi]ce controv]sy )  
an apo/ate ,roman ,ca?olic prie/ :o _h  
publi%$ a s]mon on ! 8,licitness ( !    
,slave ,trade0 z prov$ f ! ,bible1 = :i*
 he _h be5 =mally ?ank$ by ! ,liv]pool  
,corporation4  ,! com+ ( ! ,fr5*        
,revolution 0 receiv$ ) en?usiasm by all
 eag] lov]s ( civil & political lib]ty 9
 ,engl&4 ,roscoe1 :o welcom$ its adv5t )
 inspirit+ songs & odes1 *ampion$ its   
cause 9 pamphlets1 "o ( !m direct$ aga9/
 ,burke1 :o _h bitt]ly attack$ !        
,jacob9s4 ,! ard5t "y ,lib]al 0 n[      
id5tifi$ ) ! ,:ig p>ty 9 ,liv]pool1 & 0 
9 frequ5t communication ) its           

,p>liam5t>y *iefs4  ,b he 0 n at he>t a 
politician1 & _h b little lik+ = !      
turmoil & viol5ce ( p>ty /rife4 8,p>ty10
 he _h decl>$ ) ,pope1 8is ! madness (  
_m = ! ga9 ( a few40 ,8 /ronge/         
incl9ations 7 intellectual1 & z 8 means 
increas$ & he 0 able to procure books he
 became m & m drawn to ! /udy ( ,italian
 lit]ature & hi/ory4 ,! /ory ( ! rise ( 
! ,m$ici family1 & especially ! "* &    
a*ievem5ts ( "o ( its able/ memb]s1     
,lor5zo1 surnam$ ! ,magnific5t1 /rongly 
int]e/$ & ev5tually fasc9at$ him4 ,^!   
/udies bore fruit 9 8 well-kn[n 8,life (
 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici10 publi%$ 9 #agif4  
,! "w 0 receiv$ ) a *orus ( approval4 ,!
 critics decl>$ !re _h be5 no?+ l x s9ce
 ,gibbon4 ,horace ,walpole 0 delight$ ) 
x4 ,m5 ( ta/e l ,"l ,lansd[ne & ,"l     
,bri/ol 7 equally *>m$4 ,x ev5 became   
fa%ionable1 & new editions 7 spe$ily    
call$ =4 ,! book has be5 frequ5tly      
repr9t$1 & 0 translat$ into ,fr5*1      
,g]man1 & ,italian4 ,9 ,italy x 0       
receiv$ ) especial fav\r z a noble      

tribute to ! national g5ius4  ,its      
lit]>y quality has ga9$ = x an assur$   
place 9 our lit]ature4 ,z a p]man5t     
contribution to ,italian hi/ory x has   
less m]it4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ x lacks    
features dem&$ by mod]n & m sci5tific   
me?ods ( hi/orical treatm5t4 ,roscoe1 we
 may assume1 made ! be/ possible use ( !
 mat]ial t 0 available to him4 ,8       
bus9ess prev5t$ him f visit+ ,italy1 b 8
 fri5d ,william ,cl>ke1 :o _h access to 
,flor5t9e libr>ies1 suppli$ him ) su*   
in=mation z he ask$ = or c\ld obta94 ,x 
is obvi\s f ! "w t :at ma9ly int]e/$ him
 0 ! lit]>y & arti/ic side ( ,lor5zo's  
c>e]1 & 9 p>ticul> 8 influ5ce on        
,italian art & le>n+4 ,he _h app>5tly   
less sympa?y )1 because he _h less k (1 
8 social & political activities4 ,he 0  
imp]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! influ5ces :i*   
affect$ him1 or :i* at times he s\ght to
 control4 ,he 0 sometimes uncritical 9 8
 use ( au?orities1 & 8 judgm5t 0        
occasionally at fault4 ,b :atev] may be 
its value z a s]i\s contribution to     

hi/ory1 !re is no d\bt ( its m]it z a   
piece ( lit]>y craftsman%ip4 ,x 0 writt5
 "u ! influ5ce ( an en?usia/ic sympa?y )
 & admiration = its subject1 to :i* no  
read] c\ld be :olly ins5sible1 & !re is 
mu* 9 ,roscoe's subsequ5t c>e]1 bo? 9 8 
pursuits & 9 8 civic activities1 to %[ t
 he 0 l>gely inspir$ by ! example ( 8   
h]o4  ,9 #agih appe>$ 8 translation (   
,tansillo's 8,nurse10 ) a d$ication to 8
 wife2 & 9 #ahje 8 8,life & ,pontificate
 ( ,leo ! ,t5?0--! son ( ,lor5zo1 & !   
,pope :o saw ! rise ( ! ,re=mation4     
,al?\gh ?is latt] book br\ght its au?or 
m money1 x 0 less fav\rably receiv$ ?an 
8 8,life ( ,lor5zo10 ma9ly on acc\nt ( 8
 treatm5t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,b ap>t f ?is 
x is less satisfactory z a hi/orical "w4
 ,8 k ( ! contempor>y /ate (            
intellectual ,europe 0 too limit$ to    
enable him to deal adequately ) a       
subject ( s wide a scope4 ,nev]!less !  
book _h a l>ge sale1 9 spite (1 or      
possibly 9 consequ5ce (1 ! fact t !     
,italian translation 0 plac$ 9 !        

8,index40  ,%ortly aft] ! publication ( 
8 fir/ great "w ,roscoe r5\nc$ 8        
practice z an attorney4 ,hav+ a compet5t
 =tune1 he pur*as$ ,all]ton ,hall1 a f9e
 old ,jacobean h\se 9 a beautiful       
situation on ! banks ( ! ,m]sey4 ,he n[ 
turn$ 8 att5tion to agriculture1 set up 
a model f>m ne> 8 e/ate1 cultivat$ !    
fri5d%ip ( ,coke ( ,holkham1 read pap]s 
on agricultural subjects to local       
societies1 & work$ at ! reclamation (   
,*at ,moss4 ,he also set 9 ord] !       
affairs ( a bank+ h\se 9 :i* 8 fri5d    
,cl>ke1 :o liv$ 9 ,italy1 0 a p>tn]1 &  
he !reby became involv$ 9 its direction 
& managem5t4 ,b he _h /ill leisure =    
lit]>y pursuits4 ,he _h "o ( ! l>ge/ &  
mo/ valuable private libr>ies 9 !       
di/rict1 especially ri* 9 ,italian      
hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,he int]e/$ himself 
9 typography & induc$ ,john ,m',cre]y--a
 well-kn[n pr9t] ( 8 day--to settle 9   
,liv]pool1 :]e 8 works 7 pr9t$4 ,he 0 a 
g5]\s lov] ( ! f9e arts1 & has ! cr$it (
 discov]+ ! g5ius ( ,john ,gibson1 !    

sculptor1 orig9ally an appr5tice to a   
m>ble mason 9 ,liv]pool1 :om he s5t to  
,rome4 ,gibson execut$ = ,roscoe a      
basso-rilievo 9 t]ra-cotta1 n[ 9 !      
,walk] ,gall]y 9 ,liv]pool1 ! patron 9 8
 turn mak+ 8 protg free ( ! treasures ( 
8 libr>y at ,all]ton ,hall4 ,x 0 9 ?is  
way t ,gibson fir/ became acqua9t$ ) !  
designs ( ! great ,italian ma/]s4 ,!    
acqua9tance ?us =m$ ) ! ,roscoe family 0
 cont9u$ 9 ! case ( ,mrs4 ,s&ba*1 a     
gr&daught] ( ! ,italian hi/orian1 :o    
possess$ _m ( ,gibson's works1 & 0 9    
frequ5t correspond5ce ) him4 ,inde$ mo/ 
( ! details ( ,gibson's life 7 only to  
be glean$ f 8 lett]s to ,mrs4 ,s&ba*1 :o
 0 a v accompli%$ woman ( consid]able   
lit]>y ability4  ,mr4 ,william ,roscoe 0
 fond ( horticulture1 & int]e/$ 9       
botanical pursuits g5]ally4 ,9 ! words (
 ! late ,pr(essor ,asa ,gray1 he 0 "o ( 
! ,patres conscripti ( ! botany ( 8 "t1 
z ! au?or ( a monograph on ! mon&rian   
plants1 & ( o!r contributions on        
botanical subjects to ! ,transactions ( 

! ,l9nean ,society4 ,roscoe's influ5ce  
on ! intellectual life ( 8 native t[n   
may be se5 9 ! v>i\s educational &      
arti/ic in/itutions :i* he creat$ or )  
:i* he 0 conc]n$ 9 f\nd+4 ,9 #aggc1 :5  
only tw5ty ye>s ( age1 he 0 "o ( !      
projectors ( a ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t
 ( ! ,arts ( ,pa9t+ & ,design1 ! fir/   
public arti/ic society 9 ,liv]pool4 ,x  
_h only a %ort exi/5ce1 b 0 reviv$ t5   
ye>s lat]1 & ultimately develop$ into ! 
,liv]pool ,academy1 ( :i* ,roscoe became
 ,presid5t4 ,he design$ & et*$ !        
admission c>d to its exhibitions1       
contribut$ draw+s & read pap]s to its   
memb]s4 ,x 0 ! fir/ organization ( its  
k9d 9 ! prov9ces4 ,x n only enc\rag$    
local tal5t1 b s]v$ to famili>ize       
,liv]pool ) ! "w ( ,reynolds1           
,ga9sbor\gh1 & o!r notable pa9t]s ( !   
p]iod4 ,he 0 a f\nd] & ,presid5t ( !    
,liv]pool ,lit]>y & ,philosophical      
,society2 an active memb] ( ! ,liv]pool 
,libr>y1 aft]w>ds kn[n z ! ,lyceum1 & ! 
fir/ public collection ( books 9 ! t[n4 

,he 0 ! means ( e/abli%+ ! ,liv]pool    
,a!neum1 an in/itution m especially     
conc]n$ ) ! int]e/s ( le>n+ & s*ol>%ip4 
,8 love ( horticulture l$ him to take an
 active "p 9 ! creation ( a public      
,botanic ,g>d52 he drew up ! plan ( its 
adm9i/ration1 & at its op5+ 9 #ahjb gave
 a ?\ghtful address on ! obligation :i* 
re/s ^u a comm]cial community to        
enc\rage ! /udy ( ab/ract sci5ce4  ,b   
p]haps ,roscoe's greate/ s]vice to      
,liv]pool 0 8 %>e 9 ! f\ndation ( its   
,royal ,in/itution4 ,he 0 *airman ( !   
,committee :i* drew up ! s*eme ( its    
e/abli%m5t1 & wrote ! ,report =         
publication conc]n+ its objects2 & at   
its op5+ 9 #ahag gave an address on ! "p
 x 0 calculat$ to play 9 fo/]+ !        
connection :i* ought to exi/ betwe5 !   
intellectual & ! bus9ess life ( a city  
devot$ to trade4 8,x is to ! union10 he 
decl>$1 8( ! pursuits ( lit]ature ) !   
affairs ( ! _w t we are to look = !     
improvem5t ( bo?2 = ! /ability &        
f\ndation ( ! "o1 & ! grace & ornam5t ( 

! o!r40 ,he 0 no less m9dful ( ! claims 
( sci5ce3 8imp]fect inde$ w\ld be !     
civilization ( t p :o1 devot$ to !      
accumulation ( weal? by indu/ry1 %\ld1 f
 an appreh5sion ( exp5d+ _! means on    
useless objects1 refuse to enc\rage     
sci5tific inquiries40 ,he po9t$ out t   
all improvem5ts 9 ! me*anical arts & 9  
manufactures 7 to be attribut$ to !     
lab\rs & discov]ies ( ^? :o _h appli$   
!mselves to ! enl>gem5t ( ! b\nd>ies (  
sci5ce4 ,ev5 at t "t he 0 able to %[ t  
_m occupations hi!rto pursu$ empirically
 7 be+ practis$ "u a gr[+ recognition t 
!y 7 bas$ on sci5tific pr9ciples1 & t x 
0 only by a wid] appreciation ( t fact1 
comb9$ ) increas$ facilities = !        
acquisition & diffusion ( sci5tific k1 t
 ! improvem5t & expansion ( su*         
indu/ries c\ld be secur$4  ,m ?an sixty 
ye>s aft]w>ds x fell to 8 gr&son's lot  
to dilate ^u ! same !me 9 ! same place1 
& to indicate h[ ! int]v5+ "t (         
sci5tific & indu/rial progress _h s]v$  
to confirm ! wisdom & accuracy ( 8      

gr&fa!r's insight4  ,mr4 ,william       
,roscoe1 h[ev] em95t he might be 9 civic
 virtue1 0 preclud$ f tak+ any "p 9 !   
municipal affairs ( ! t[n1 z he 0 n a   
freeman ( ! bor\gh4 ,nor1 = ! same      
reason1 0 he able to ex]cise !          
,p>liam5t>y fran*ise4 ,b :il/ he himself
 _h no vote1 !re 0 no?+ to prev5t !     
vot]s f s5d+ him to ! ,h\se ( ,commons z
 _! repres5tative if he & !y 7 s m9d$4  
,9 #ahjf a sw+ ( ! political p5dulum    
br\ght ! ,:igs into g5]al fav\r1 & !    
burgesses ( ,liv]pool return$ him at !  
head ( ! poll4 ,by spee* & vote he ?rew 
all 8 influ5ce on ! side ( ,cl>kson &   
,wilb]=ce 9 _! successful ef=ts to      
aboli% ,engl&'s p>ticipation 9 ! slave  
trade4 ,al?\gh ^? :o s5t him to !       
,legislature mu/ h kn[n 8 views on ?is  
subject1 8 con/itu5ts 7 highly inc5s$ at
 8 action 9 ?us seek+ to de/roy1 z !y   
imag9$1 "o ( ! *ief s\rces ( ! prosp]ity
 ( ! t[n4 ,moreov]1 he _h add$ to !     
enormity ( 8 (f5ce by speak+ & vot+ 9   
fav\r ( ,ca?olic ,emancipation4         

,accord+ly1 a mix$ & muddl$ mob ( ard5t 
,prote/ants & drunk5 sailors1 crews (   
slave-%ips1 7 ga!r$ toge!r 9 ord] to    
assail him on 8 return f ,we/m9/] at !  
close ( ! session4 ,a riot broke out1 b 
8 fri5ds _h tak5 timely precautions1 &  
he escap$ )\t injury4 ,b ! ,h\se (      
,commons _h few attractions = him4 ,he  
resign$ 8 seat1 & no?+ w\ld induce him  
to seek re-election4 ,he /ill ma9ta9$ 8 
int]e/ 9 ! political movem5ts ( ! "t1 & 
became a busy pamphlete]1 wrote 9 fav\r 
( ! abolition ( slav]y z a logical      
consequ5ce ( ! abolition ( ! slave      
trade2 on ,p>liam5t>y re=m2 p5al        
jurisprud5ce & ! treatm5t ( crim9als2 & 
on national education4  ,9 #ahaf        
,roscoe1 ^: prosp]ity _h be5 hi!rto     
unbrok51 0 ov]tak5 by sudd5 disa/]4 ,!  
d[nfall ( ,napoleon & ! t]m9ation ( !   
,cont95tal w>s 7 foll[$ by mu* f9ancial 
unre/1 & a sudd5 panic seiz$ ! bank 9   
:i* he 0 int]e/$4 ,al?\gh p]fectly      
solv5t--its assets exce$$ its           
liabilities by m ?an #fj1jjj--;x 0      

impossible to realize ^! assets )\t     
griev\s loss2 ! bank's cr$it _h be5     
sev]ely %ak51 & x 0 compell$ to /op     
paym5t4 ,roscoe call$ ! bank's cr$itors 
toge!r1 expla9$ its condition1 & conv9c$
 ! majority t ) "t its position might be
 re/or$4 ,aft] f\r ye>s ( anxi\s ef=ts  
to rehabilitate ! bank he 0 =c$ to give 
up ! /ruggle ow+ to ! p]si/5t action ( a
 small numb]1 :o insi/$ on pref]5tial   
treatm5t1 & he all[$ himself to be made 
bankrupt4 ,all]ton1 ) its beautiful     
g>d5s & ample woods1 ) all its ref9em5ts
 & delights z a home--! home :i* _h     
welcom$ gue/s l ,aik9 & 8 daught] ,mrs4 
,b>bauld1 ,dr4 ,p>r ! s*ol>1 ,fuseli !  
pa9t]1 ,coke ( ,holkham1 ,h5ry ,br\gham1
 & _m o!rs em95t 9 politics1 le>n+1 &   
s*ol>%ip--_h to be giv5 up1 toge!r ) all
 its arti/ic & lit]>y treasures4 ,?anks 
to ! c>e he sp5t 9 catalogu+ ^! works = 
sale !y realiz$ good prices4 ,fri5ds vi$
 ) ea* o!r 9 prev5t+ ! disp]sal ( ! m   
valuable books & pictures4 ,_m ( ! =m] 7
 secur$ = ! ,a!neum1 on condition t he  

%\ld be all[$ _! use1 & !y /ill rema9 on
 its %elves4 ,8 collection ( e>ly       
,italian pa9t+s 0 pres5t$ to ! ,royal   
,in/itution1 & is n[ 9 ! ,walk] ,art    
,gall]y4  ,roscoe receiv$ an hon\rable  
dis*>ge4 ,he 0 n[ sixty-sev5 ye>s ( age4
 ,) su* relics f ! wreck ( 8 =tune z    
c\ld be sav$ he set himself h]oically to
 retrieve ! disa/] :i* _h befall5 him4  
,lit]ature1 :i* _h be5 ! delight ( 8    
leisure1 n[ became 8 sole rema9+ prop4  
,elev5 ye>s 7 /ill left to him4 ,he     
re>rang$ ! f9e libr>y ( 8 fri5d ,coke1  
edit$ an issue ( ,pope's works1 complet$
 ! folio monograph on ! mon&rian plants1
 & execut$ a numb] ( o!r compilations4  
,8 old age 0 sp5t 9 a s]5e dignity :i*  
secur$ = him ! fri5d%ip ( a devot$      
circle & ! univ]sal respect ( 8 t[nsm54 
,he _h a p>alytic attack a ye> or s be=e
 8 dea? :i* p>tially incapacitat$ him4  
,! end came peacefully on ,june #cj1    
#ahca4  ,a sitt+ /atue ( him by         
,*antrey1 z "o ( ,liv]pool's mo/        
di/+ui%$ citiz5s1 is 9 ! ,/4 ,george's  

,hall1 & 8 "n is associat$ ) ! *air (   
,mod]n ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity (         
,liv]pool4  ,wa%+ton ,irv+1 9 !         
8,sket*-book10 ?us spoke ( him3      ,^?
 :o live only = ! _w & 9 ! _w may be ca/
     d[n by ! fr[ns ( adv]sity2 b a man 
l ,roscoe is n     to be ov]come by !   
rev]ses ( =tune4 ,!y d b drive     him 9
 ^u ! res\rces ( 8 own m9d4''' ,he lives
 )     antiquity & po/]ity2 ) antiquity 
9 ! sweet communion     ( /udi\s        
retirem5t1 & ) po/]ity 9 ! g5]\s        
aspir+s aft] future r5[n4''' ,! man (   
lett]s :o speaks     ( ,liv]pool1 speaks
 ( x z ! resid5ce ( ,roscoe4 ,!         
intellig5t travell] :o visits x inquires
 :]e ,roscoe is to     be se54 ,he is ! 
lit]>y l&m>k ( ! place1 indicat+     its
 exi/5ce to ! di/ant s*ol>4 ,he is l    
,pompey's     column at ,alex&ria1 t[]+ 
alone 9 classic dignity4  ,h5ry ,roscoe1
 ! fa!r ( ! subject ( ?is biography1 0 !
 sev5? & y\nge/ son ( ,mr4 ,william     
,roscoe4 ,he 0 born at ,all]ton ,hall on
 ,april #ag1 #agii4 ,9 physical & m5tal 

*>act]i/ics he m ne>ly resembl$ 8 fa!r  
?an did any o!r memb] ( ! family4 ,he 0 
educat$ almo/ entirely at home1 & 9     
con/ant companion%ip ) 8 fa!r1 f :om he 
acquir$ a love = r>e & curi\s books & a 
ta/e = lit]ature & art4  ,at ! "t ( !   
panic ( #ahaf1 9 :i* 8 fa!r 0 s deeply  
involv$1 ,h5ry ,roscoe 0 s]v+ z a cl]k 9
 ! bank4 ,aft] its collapse he ent]$ a  
lawy]'s (fice1 became a memb] ( ! ,inn] 
,temple1 & 9 #ahbf 0 call$ to ! ,b>4 ,he
 _h already turn$ 8 att5tion to         
lit]ature1 & 0 support+ himself by 8 p54
 ,9 #ahbe he ga9$ a consid]able success 
9 legal circles by ! publication ( an   
elaborate treatise on 8,! ,law (        
,actions relat+ to ,real ,prop]ty10 & by
 ?ree small volumes entitl$ 8,we/m9/]   
,hall10 by 8 8,law & ,lawy]s10 & o!r    
works4  ,9 #ahbh appe>$ ! fir/ edition (
 8 8,dige/ ( ! ,law ( ,evid5ce 9 !      
,trials ( ,actions at ! ,nisi ,prius    
,law10 :i* 9 ! next t5 ye>s ran ?r\gh   
five editions4 ,dur+ #ahbi & #ahcj he   
produc$ a 8,dige/ ( ! ,law ( ,bills (   

,ex*ange10 :i* also pass$ ?r\gh _m      
editions1 & he contribut$ to ,l>dn]'s   
,encyclopdia a volume ( 8,lives ( ,em95t
 ,briti% ,lawy]s40 ,= "s ye>s he 0      
engag$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,p>liam5t>y     
,bills1 & "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,gregson
 drew up ! orig9al draft ( ! ,re=m      
,bills ( #ahca-ahcb4  ,two ye>s aft] !  
dea? ( 8 fa!r1 he produc$ ! 8,life (    
,william ,roscoe40 ,?is "w1 und]tak5 at 
! reque/ ( ! family1 0 no light task1 on
 acc\nt ( ! mass ( correspond5ce1       
pamphlets1 etc41 :i* _h to be dealt )4  
,x 0 complet$ dur+ ?ree or f\r mon?s ( !
 legal vacation1 :5 re/ & *ange 7 mu*   
ne$$4 ,he 0 already suff]+ f ov]work1   
conf9em5t1 & lack ( ex]cise1 & ?is      
additional tax ^u 8 /r5g? & n]v\s en]gy 
s]i\sly affect$ 8 heal?4  ,betwe5 #ahcj 
& #ahce he produc$ o!r legal works1     
among !m1 8,! ,dige/ ( ! ,law ( ,evid5ce
 9 ,crim9al ,cases10 & a 8,g5]al ,dige/ 
( ,law f #ahce-f10 & he contribut$ to _m
 magaz9es & j\rnals4 ,9 ,janu>y #ahcf he
 publi%$ 8 la/ "w1 a pamphlet 8,on      

,plead+ ! ,g5]al ,issue40 ,dur+ !       
previ\s summ] ! s]i\s /ate ( 8 heal?    
compell$ him to ab&on ! idea ( cont9u+  
to live 9 t[n4 ,he !re=e gave up 8 h\se 
9 ,london & w5t to reside at ,gateacre1 
ne> ,liv]pool1 9 ! hope t c\ntry air &  
rural life might improve 8 condition4   
,he _h be5 appo9t$ 9 #ahcd ,judge ( !   
,c\rt ( ,passage1 ,liv]pool1 by ,"l     
,br\gham1 !n ,"l ,*ancellor1 & f t ye>  
until #ahcf he omitt$ no weekly sitt+4  
,un=tunately p]si/5t ill-heal?1         
aggravat$ by ye>s ( ov]work & con/ant   
/ra91 _h tax$ to ! utt]mo/ a delicate   
con/itution1 & 9 ,m>* #ahcg1 aft] a few 
weeks ( suff]+1 he di$ at ! age (       
?irty-six4  ,b = 8 e>ly dea? he w\ld    
c]ta9ly h ris5 to high di/9ction 9 8    
pr(ession4 ,8 tal5ts & le>n+1 comb9$ ) 8
 moral wor? & *>m+ p]sonality1 ende>$   
him to 8 family & to a l>ge circle (    
fri5ds4  ,an appreciation by ,h5ry      
,*orley speaks ( him z ! mo/ gift$ ( !  
sons ( ! ,italian hi/orian--( quick     
sympa?y & solid judgm5t1 & ) su* in/ant 

ju/ice & /r5g? ( decision z belongs to a
 tru?ful1 acute1 & /rong man4  ,c]ta9 ( 
8 legal books 7 /&>d works long aft] 8  
dea?4 ,somebody once ask$ ,sir ,h5ry    
,roscoe if 8,roscoe on ,evid5ce0 0 any  
connection ( 84 8,no ne>] ?an t ( fa!r10
 0 ! reply4  ,9 #ahca he m>ri$ ,m>ia    
,flet*]1 second daught] ( a respect$    
,liv]pool m]*ant1 & *airman ( ! ,we/    
,indian ,committee1      ,an hone/ man  
'''     ,broadclo? )\t & a w>m he>t )91 
:o also 0 ru9$ by ! failure ( a         
,liv]pool bank4 ,h] mat]nal gr&fa!r1    
,dr4 ,william ,enfield1 au?or ( a       
8,hi/ory ( ,liv]pool0 & ( ! well-kn[n   
8,speak]10 a man di/+ui%$ = elegance (  
ta/e & s\nd lit]>y judgm5t1 0 ! la/     
rector ( ! fam\s ,w>r+ton ,academy1 :]e 
he _h z colleagues at "o "t or ano!r1   
,joseph ,prie/ley1 ! *emi/2 ,taylor (   
,norwi*2 ,aik91 ! fa!r ( ,mrs4 ,b>bauld2
 ,john ,re9hold ,=/]1 ! naturali/ to "o 
( ,cook's exp$itions2 & ,gilb]t         
,wakefield1 ! editor ( 8,lucretius40    
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,,h5ry ,,enfield          

,,roscoe--,,bir? ,,& ,,education   ,h5ry
 ,roscoe br\ght 8 "y wife to #aj ,p[is  
,place1 ,great ,ormond ,/reet1 ,london1 
& "h on ,janu>y #g1 #ahcc1 8 only son1  
,h5ry ,enfield ,roscoe1 fir/ saw !      
light4 ,a daught]1 ,h>riet1 0 born 9    
#ahcf4  ,! "y judge _h little           
opportunity ( mak+ provision = 8 family1
 & on 8 dea? !y 7 left ) v /rait5$      
means4 ,8 wid[ mov$ ) h] *ildr5 into a  
small cottage at ,gateacre1 & z %e _h   
consid]able arti/ic gifts s\ght to add  
to h] sl5d] income by tea*+ wat]-col\r  
pa9t+ at a girls' s*ool 9 ! vic9ity4 ,%e
 also possess$ "s ( ! lit]>y p[] ( h]   
di/+ui%$ gr&fa!r1 & 9 #ahfh publi%$ a   
8,life ( ,vittoria ,colonna10 )         
admirable translations ( ! sonnets4 ,%e 
0 a /rong1 vigor\s "*1 devot$ly atta*$  
to h] son & pr\d ( 8 success 9 life4 ,h]
 ,man*e/] fri5ds us$ playfully to ref]  
to h] z 8! ,"m ( ,ow5s ,college10 & !   
allusion to h] association ) its =tunes 
gave h] pleasure4 ,%e 0 always deeply   
int]e/$ 9 its progress & rejoic$ 9 its  

success4 ,%e di$ at ! age ( eighty-sev51
 fall+ 8l autumn fruit t mell[$ long40  
,"y ,roscoe w5t = a few ye>s to a       
prep>atory s*ool 9 ! neighb\rhood ( 8   
home4 ,9 #ahdb 8 "m mov$ h] small *>ges 
to ,liv]pool1 :5 he 0 s5t to ! ,high    
,s*ool ( ! ,liv]pool ,in/itute1 among ! 
e>lie/ ( ! s-call$ 8mod]n0 s*ools4 ,he  
rema9$ "h sev5 ye>s1 tak+ ! usual       
,engli% subjects--ma!matics1 ,fr5*1 a   
little ,lat9 & less ,greek1 & "s        
elem5t>y physical sci5ce4 ,! s*ool 0    
furni%$ ) a *emical laboratory--a v     
unusual provision 9 ^? days--& 9 x he   
obta9$ 8 fir/ lessons 9 *emical         
manipulation f ,william ,h4 ,balma91 !  
discov]] ( 8lum9\s pa9t0 & ( boron      
nitride4 ,balma91 :o 0 "o ( ! e>ly      
contributors to ! !n newly f\nd$        
,*emical ,society1 9 8 publi%$ acc\nt ( 
! latt] sub/ance apologizes = 8         
inability to /ate its exact composition1
 z he 0 unable to obta9 a bett] balance 
?an su* z he c\ld con/ruct himself 8(   
wood & pap]0--a circum/ance :i* ?r[s "s 

light ^u ! means ( in/ruction 9 !       
laboratory :i* introduc$ ,roscoe to !   
/udy ( practical *emi/ry4 ,he always _h 
a grateful recollection ( 8 fir/        
in/ructor1 :om he describ$ z a g5ial    
fell[1 & a /imulat+ & orig9al tea*]4 ,! 
boy also came "u ! influ5ce ( ,hugo     
,reid--a notewor?y man1 & ( "s          
reputation at ! "t z a writ] & tea*] (  
natural philosophy--& ( ,w4 ,b4         
,hodgson1 an excell5t tea*] ( ,engli%1  
:o aft]w>ds became ,pr(essor (          
,political ,economy 9 ! ,univ]sity (    
,ed9burgh4  ,ye>s aft]w>ds1 :5 ! 8old   
boy0 _h become a p]son ( "s consequ5ce 9
 ! _w1 he 0 invit$ to di/ribute ! prizes
 at 8 s*ool1 & told 8 auditors1 9 !     
c\rse ( a %ort address1 t he _h come    
across "o ( 8 s*ool reports1 address$ to
 8 "m1 9 :i* x 0 /at$3 8,roscoe is a    
nice boy1 b he looks ab\t him too mu*1 &
 does n "k 8 irregul> v]bs40 ,he add$ t 
he ?\ght ?is e>ly habit ( look+ ab\t    
him1 :i* _h p]si/5tly clung to him ?r\gh
 life1 _h possibly done m = him ?an !   

irregul> v]bs4  ,roscoe's "m enc\rag$ 8 
incl9ation t[>ds *emical pursuits by    
provid+ him ) a room at home 9 :i* he   
c\ld make 8 exp]im5ts1 & su* sp>e ca% z 
he _h 0 devot$ to ! pur*ase ( *emicals &
 app>atus4 ,9 ?is mann] he e>ly obta9$  
famili>ity ) ! simpl] op]ations (       
practical *emi/ry & laid ! f\ndations ( 
t dext]ity 9 manipulation :i* contribut$
 s greatly to 8 success z a lectur]4    
,roscoe's =be>s on bo? sides 7 (        
,presbyt]ian or ,unit>ian /ock1 & !     
h\sehold naturally mov$ ma9ly 9         
,noncon=mi/ circles4 ,^! compris$ "s ( !
 mo/ respect$ & cultur$ families 9 !    
di/rict--! ,boo?s1 ,yateses1 ,m>t9eaus1 
,taylors1 ,s&ba*s3 all well-kn[n names 9
 ,lanca%ire--) "s ( :om 8 p 7 connect$  
by m>riage4  ,9 #ahdh he 0 ent]$ at     
,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 at t "t ! 
only seat ( high] le>n+ & rese>* 9      
,engl& op5 to m5 :o 7 refus$ admittance 
to ! old] ,univ]sities on d5om9ational  
gr\nds4 ,among ! tea*]s 9 ,g[] ,/reet at
 ?is p]iod 7 ,de ,morgan1 ,francis      

,newman1 ,mald51 ,%>pey1 ,graham1       
,l9dley1 ,williamson1 ,j5n]1 & ,li/on4  
,no m rem>kable gr\p 0 to be f\nd 9 any 
in/itution = high] education 9 ,engl&4  
,among ,roscoe's contempor>ies z /ud5ts 
7 ,li/]1 ,langton-,s&=d1 ,f>r]-,h]s*ell1
 ,bageot1 ,jessel1 ,ri*>d ,hutton 7:o   
m>ri$ z fir/ & second wives two ( 8     
c\s9s71 ,osl]1 ,h5ry ,?ompson1 & ,edw>d 
,fry--all names aft]w>ds di/+ui%$ 9 law1
 lit]ature1 & m$ic9e4  ,( 8 tea*]s at   
?is "t1 ! "o :o _h mo/ influ5ce 9 %ap+ 8
 c>e] 0 und\bt$ly ,?omas ,graham1 !     
*emi/4 ,graham _h be5 elect$ 9 #ahcg1   
l>gely ?r\gh ! action ( ,"l ,br\gham1 z 
successor to ,edw>d ,turn] 9 :at 0 !n   
kn[n z ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 f\nd$ "s 
n9e ye>s previ\sly4 ,al?\gh n]v\s &     
hesitat+ 9 mann]1 & ) little flu5cy (   
spee*1 ,graham 0 a s\nd & sugge/ive     
tea*]1 ^: lectures 7 *>act]iz$ by a     
philosophic me?od ( exposition1 & by    
accuracy & bread? ( k4 ,^! 7 always     
c>efully prep>$ & well illu/rat$ by     
exp]im5ts4 ,! great] numb] 9 ! class 71 

( c\rse1 m$ical /ud5ts1 = 9 ^? days !re 
7 few foll[]s ( pure sci5ce1 & sci5ce   
faculties & degrees 9 sci5ce 7 unkn[n4  
,roscoe1 9 ent]+ ,graham's class-room1  
f\nd himself1 z he says1 9 a new _w4 ,"o
 indication ( ! eag]ness ) :i* he       
exploit$ x may be glean$ f ! circum/ance
 t ! en?usia/ic "y tyro at ! end ( !    
session came out ! head ( ! class & ga9$
 ! silv] m$al4 ,8 "m & si/] soon foll[$ 
him to t[n1 & ! family liv$ fir/ 9      
,torr+ton ,squ>e & next 9 ,camd5 ,t[n1  
:]e 8 c\s91 ,/anley ,jevons1 ! economi/1
 & aft]w>ds "o ( 8 colleagues at ,ow5s  
,college1 came to reside ) !m4 ,"o ( 8  
uncles 0 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,crompton1 :o _h  
m>ri$ into ! ,flet*] family1 & 0 a great
 fri5d ( 8 fa!r4 ,! judge always took a 
/rong pat]nal int]e/ 9 8 nephew1 & w\ld 
h s5t him to ,cambridge _h he be5       
dispos$ to g !re4 ,! ,crompton c\s9s 71 
he says1 l bro!rs & si/]s to him4 ,x 0 9
 _! draw+-room 9 ,hyde ,p>k ,squ>e t he 
fir/ met ,miss ,lucy ,pott]1 8 future   
wife1 !n a girl ( sev5te54  ,roscoe n[  

elect$ to foll[ *emi/ry z a c>e]1       
some:at to ! dismay ( 8 relatives1 :o1  
he tells u1 imag9$ he int5d$ 8to op5 a  
%op ) r$ & blue glass bottles 9 ! w9d[10
 su* be+ ! ext]nal indications ( ! call+
 ( a *emi/ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,& no wond] !y 
7 p]turb$1 = any "o n be+ regi/]$ z a   
8ph>maceutical *emi/10 or z a 8*emi/ &  
druggi/10 :o %\ld presume to /yle       
himself a *emi/ 0 puni%able ) a f9e4    
,liebig 0 n altoge!r well in=m$ ( !     
facts :5 he wrote to ,b]zelius t !      
,engli% *emi/s 7 a%am$ to call !mselves 
su* because ! apo!c>ies _h appropriat$ !
 "n4 ,x 0 n s mu* t !y 7 a%am$ z !y 7   
actually prohibit$ by law4 ,al?\gh ne>ly
 two g5]ations h pass$ s9ce ^? days1 x  
may be d\bt$ :e!r ev5 n[ ! public m9d   
has q grasp$ ! di/9ction betwe5 a *emi/ 
prop]ly s-call$ & an apo!c>y4  ,hav+    
settl$ ^u 8 life's "w1 ,roscoe ent]$ !  
,birkbeck ,laboratory at ,univ]sity     
,college1 !n "u ! direction (           
,williamson1 :om ,graham _h j br\ght ov]
 f ,p>is1 :]e he _h be5 work+ ) ,laur5t 

& ,g]h>dt4 ,roscoe _h ! highe/          
appreciation ( ! g5ius & p[] (          
,williamson1 & pays grateful homage to 8
 memory 9 ! foll[+ extract f 8          
,autobiography3      ,at ! "t ,i ent]$ !
 laboratory ,williamson 0 engag$     9 !
 rese>*es :i* h made 8 "n a h\sehold ^w 
to *emi/s all ! _w ov]4 ,8 0 a m9d (    
great     orig9ality1 & 8 p]sonality 0 a
 mo/ attractive "o4     ,&1 despite 8   
physical disabilities--= he lo/ an eye &
     ! prop] use ( 8 left arm 9 e>ly    
*ildhood--he 0 a     dilig5t & accurate 
work]4 ,ard5tly devot$ to 8 sci5ce1     
he infect$ all :o work$ "u him ) ! same 
feel+4     ,& 8 pupils will+ly own t mu*
 ( ! success t     !y may h met ) 9 aft]
 ye>s 0 due to 8 tea*+     & example4 ,i
 well rememb] ! feel+s ( int]e/ he      
ar\s$ z he ea* day came d[n to !        
laboratory brimful     ( new ideas4     
,fir/ x 0 8 explanation ( ! !ory (      
e!rification1 ( :i* he prov$ ! tru? by  
prep>+ !     mix$ e!rs1 !reby asc]ta9+ !
 g5]al con/itution (     alcohols &     

e!rs1 & lay+ "o ( ! f\ndation-/ones     
( mod]n *emi/ry4 ,next x 0 8 well-kn[n  
pap] on !     con/itution ( salts1 9 :i*
 he enunciat$ pr9ciples :i*     h s9ce  
be5 g5]ally adopt$4 ,!n came 8 views on 
atomic motion & int]*ange1 ! fir/       
def9ite /atem5t (     a s]ies ( *emical 
ph5om5a :i* 9 ! h&s ( ,van 't     ,h(f &
 o!rs h become ( ! highe/ import4''' ,he
 cle>ly     =esaw ! pr9ciples ^u :i* !  
mod]n developm5t (     ! /eam-eng9e     
dep5ds1 & ?\gh he fail$ = want (        
con/ructive skill1 he po9t$ ! way :i*   
eng9e]s h     s9ce foll[$ ) conspicu\s  
success4  ,9 8 second ye> 9 ! ,birkbeck 
,laboratory ,roscoe became ,williamson's
 private assi/ant1 & took "p 9 8        
rese>*es1 & :5 ,graham accept$ !        
,ma/]%ip ( ! ,m9t1 & ,williamson succe$$
 to ! *air at ,univ]sity ,college1      
,roscoe 0 made lecture assi/ant4        
,williamson _h ! idea at t "t ( publi%+ 
an abridg$ translation ( ,g]h>dt's      
,*imie ,organique1 = ! b5efit ( ,engli% 
/ud5ts1 :i* ,roscoe 0 to prep>e1 b no?+ 

came ( ! project4  ,graham1 :o _h be5   
commission$ to s5d out an assay] to !   
,sydney ,m9t1 (f]$ ,roscoe ! position4  
,! sal>y 0 v tempt+1 b z 8 "m & si/] _h 
no desire to g to ,au/ralia1 ! (f] 0    
decl9$1 & 8 c\s9 ,/anley ,jevons1 :o _h 
pass$ ?r\gh ! ,birkbeck ,laboratory1 0  
s5t 9 8 /ead4  ,x 0 9 recognition (     
,roscoe's association ) ,williamson t   
ne>ly =ty ye>s aft]w>ds he 0 deput$1 on 
behalf ( ! subscrib]s1 to pres5t !      
portrait ( 8 ma/] :i* n[ hangs 9        
,univ]sity ,college4  ,roscoe took 8    
degree ( ,ba*elor ( ,arts 9 ! ,univ]sity
 ( ,london1 ) ,hon\rs 9 *emi/ry1 9      
#ahec1 & z he 0 n[ m ?an ev] det]m9$ to 
foll[ a c>e] ( sci5ce1 he decid$ to     
enl>ge 8 exp]i5ce by a c\rse ( /udy 9 a 
cont95tal laboratory1 z 0 !n ! usual    
cu/om4 ,( ! great lead]s ( ,briti%      
*emical sci5ce 9 ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5?
 c5tury--,dalton1 ,?omson1 ,davy1       
,f>aday1 ,graham--only ,?omson &        
,graham1 & to a limit$ ext5t ,dalton1 7 
9 a position to ex]t any influ5ce z     

tea*]s1 & ev5 9 _! case !re 0 little    
provision ( in/ruction 9 practical      
*emi/ry4  ,! old] ,engli% univ]sities _h
 practically no?+ ( ! k9d2 _! discipl9es
 (f]$ no enc\ragem5t to ! /udy ( *emical
 sci5ce4 ,! univ]sity :i* prides itself 
on hav+ af=d$ a home to ,boyle ext5d$ no
 opportunity to a man to make any rese>*
 unless he f\nd 8 own laboratory &      
app>atus4 ,dr4 ,live+ />t$ ! fir/       
laboratory = /ud5ts 9 ,cambridge at 8   
own exp5se 9 #aheb1 hir+ a cottage 9 !  
t[n = ! purpose4 ,on ! o!r h&1 at t "t1 
?anks to ! influ5ce ( ! ,fr5* s*ool (   
*emi/s2 ( ,b]zelius 9 ,sw$52 ,liebig1   
,whl]1 ,mits*]li*1 & ! two ,roses 9     
,g]many1 sy/ematic in/ruction 9 *emi/ry 
0 be+ actively pursu$ on ! ,cont95t1 &  
ne>ly e lead+ ,univ]sity abroad c\ld %[ 
a m or less well-equipp$ laboratory1 & a
 body m or less l>ge ( eag] & en?usia/ic
 inve/igators4 ,accord+ly1 at ?is p]iod1
 aspirants = *emical fame 9 ?is c\ntry  
naturally turn$ to "o or o!r ( ! *emical
 s*ools 9 ,france or ,g]many to seek !re

 :at !y 7 unable to f9d at home4        
,roscoe elect$ to g to ,buns51 :o _h    
rec5tly be5 call$ f ,breslau to         
,heidelb]g 9 succession to ,leopold     
,gmel91 ! au?or ( ! well-kn[n 8,h&bu*40 
,buns5 _h already won = himself a       
,european reputation by 8 ma/]ly        
inve/igation ( ! cacodyl comp\nds1 by ! 
improvem5ts he _h effect$ 9 gasometric  
me?ods1 by 8 inve/igations on ! *emi/ry 
( ! bla/-furnace1 8 inv5tion ( !        
c>bon-z9c batt]y & photomet]1 & 8       
inquiries into ! *emical aspects ( !    
volcanic & pseudo-volcanic ph5om5a (    
,icel&4  ,x is p]haps idle to speculate 
:y ,roscoe %\ld h left ,williamson at ! 
mo/ fruitful p]iod ( 8 c>e]1 & :51 "u 8 
/imulus1 organic *emi/ry 0 app>5tly ab\t
 to ent] ^u a great developm5t 9 ?is    
c\ntry4 ,b ! probability is t !n1 z     
aft]w>ds1 ! problems ( organic *emi/ry &
 ! purely speculative aspects ( ! sci5ce
 _h few attractions = him1 & t he saw 9 
! _m-sid$ nature ( ,buns5's "w1 9 its   
em95tly practical "*1 & ! precision (   

its quantitative me?ods1 mu* t appeal$  
to 8 incl9ation t[>ds ! op]ative1 &     
especially ! det]m9ative side ( *emi/ry1
 = ,buns5 0 pre-em95tly a ma/] (        
manipulation1 z e "o :o aspir$ to a     
pr(essional c>e] 9 *emi/ry & :o hop$ to 
direct a *emical laboratory fully       
recogniz$4  ,roscoe1 ) 8 "m & si/]1 :o  
elect$ to keep h\se = him1 rea*$        
,heidelb]g 9 ! autumn ( #ahec ) an      
introduction to von ,mohl1 ! ,pr(essor (
 ,int]national ,law1 ) ^: family !y     
became well acqua9t$4 ,"o ( ! daught]s1 
,anna von ,mohl1 0 ! second wife (      
,helmholtz4 ,by von ,mohl he 0 made kn[n
 to ,buns54      ,i %all nev] =get 7says
 ,roscoe 9 8 ,autobiography7 my     fir/
 sight ( him--! man :o aft]w>ds became  
"o ( my     de>e/ fri5ds1 & to :om ,i   
owe m ?an ,i c tell4''' ,he     0 !n at 
! height ( 8 m5tal & physical p[]s4 ,he 
/ood fully six feet high1 8 mann] 0     
simple yet dignifi$1     & 8 expression 
"o ( r>e intellig5ce & great k9dness4   
,?is fir/ impression ( 8 be>+ & "* only 

became     /rong] z my k ( him increas$1
 & ! feel+s     ( respect & affection ) 
:i* ,i reg>d$ him 7 ^?     ( all ) :om  
he came 9 contact4 ,8 s+ul> amiability  
0 n a sign ( weakness1 b ( /r5g? ( "*4  
,8     mode/y 0 natural & 9 no degree   
assum$4 ,9 8 lectures1     :5 giv+ an   
acc\nt ( "s discov]y he _h made1 or "s  
new app>atus or me?od ( "w :i* he _h    
inve/igat$1 ,i     nev] he>d him m5tion 
himself4 ,x 0 always 8man hat dies      
gefund510 or 8es hat si* s              
h]ausge/ellt40  ,9 ! cloi/]s ( ! old    
mona/]y :i* !n did duty z ! ,heidelb]g  
laboratory1 ,roscoe 0 fir/ indoctr9at$  
into ! art & my/]y ( quantitative       
*emical analysis1 & he !re acquir$ !    
famili>ity ) ,buns5's me?ods & ) 8 sy/em
 ( laboratory in/ruction t he 0 to turn 
to su* signal acc\nt 9 ! e/abli%m5t &   
direction ( ! ,man*e/] s*ool ( *emi/ry4 
,among 8 fell[-work]s 7 ,lo?> ,mey]1    
,pauli1 ,beil/e91 ,pebal1 ,s*is*k(f 7a  
,russian (fic] :o inve/igat$ ) ,buns5 ! 
c\rse ( decomposition ( fir$ gunp[d]71  

,qu9cke1 ,bahr1 ,l&olt1 ,baey]1 ,l\r5o1 
&1 among/ ,engli%m51 ,russell1 ,atk9son1
 & ,mat?iess5--a gr\p ( well-kn[n names 
con/itut+ a /rik+ te/imony to ! influ5ce
 & p[] ( attraction ( ! great ,g]man    
*emi/4  ,"o ( ,roscoe's e>lie/          
quantitative ex]cises 0 9 silicate      
analysis1 & 8 fir/ publi%$ pap]1 :i*    
appe>$ 9 ,liebig's ,annal5 = #ahed1 0 a 
jo9t production ) ,s*nfeld on !         
composition ( c]ta9 samples ( gneiss4   
,at ! close ( 8 second session he pass$ 
8 doctor's exam9ation summa cum laude1 &
 !n emb>k$ ^u ! well-kn[n inquiry 9     
association ) ,buns5 on ! measurem5t ( !
 *emical action ( light1 :i* occupi$ mu*
 ( 8 "t & en]gy dur+ ! next eight ye>s4 
,9 ! obitu>y notices he wrote = ,nature 
( ,augu/ #ca1 #ahii1 & = ! ,proce$+s ( !
 ,royal ,society1 & m especially 9 !    
admirable ,memorial ,lecture :i* he gave
 to ! ,*emical ,society1 ,roscoe has    
done full ju/ice to ! memory ( ,buns5 z 
a great *emi/1 pre-em95t z a discov]] & 
tea*]1 & lovable z a true & noble-he>t$ 

man4 ,! ,memorial ,lecture 0 repr9t$ 9  
,am]ica by ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 &   
translat$ into ,g]man to be prefix$ to !
 collection ( ,buns5's works publi%$ by 
! ,society--! ,buns5-,gesells*aft--f\nd$
 9 8 hon\r4 ,9 c\rse ( _! long &        
un9t]rupt$ fri5d%ip he receiv$ _m lett]s
 f 8 illu/ri\s ma/]4 ,^!1 #abf 9 numb]1 
7 suitably b\nd & pres5t$ by him to !   
,buns5 ,society4  ,roscoe took advantage
 ( ! opportunity af=d$ by 8 resid5ce 9  
,g]many to /udy its univ]sity sy/em1 &  
to make himself famili> ) ! g5]al "* (  
its work+1 & 9 8 vacations he s\ght !   
acqua9tance ( its lead+ m5 ( sci5ce1 )  
"s ( :om he contract$ la/+ fri5d%ips4 ,9
 8 ,autobiography1 writt5 9 #aijf1 he   
gives expression to ! s5tim5ts ( respect
 & e/eem ) :i* he reg>d$ ! ,g]many & 8  
,g]man fri5ds ( half a c5tury ago3      
,my k ( ! ,g]mans & ,g]many has l$ me to
 love     ! ,fa!rl&1 &1 ,i v5ture to    
?9k1 to und]/& z     well z to respect &
 admire ! nation4 ,z to any feel+s      
antagoni/ic to ,engl& & ! ,engli% exi/+ 

9 ! m9ds     ( ! _m ,g]mans ) :om ,i    
became intimate1 ,i nev] f\nd     a     
trace1 = ,treits*ke ,i did n "k4 ,all ) 
:om ,i ev]     came 9 contact express$ a
 feel+ t ,engl& 0 ! old     home (      
fre$om1 t %e _h l$ ! van 9 secur+ t     
fre$om by gradual & peaceable measures1 
&1 9 %ort1 t     ! pa? 9 :i* !          
,engli%man trod 0 t 9 :i* !y     wi%$ to
 foll[4 8,we _c10 my fri5ds said to me1 
8express     our op9ion on political    
matt]s ) ! fre$om to :i* y     9 ,engl& 
are accu/om$4 ,h[ inde$ c ?is be        
o!rwise1     :5 we are gov]n$ by an     
autocratic p[] :i* believes 9     !     
div9e "r ( k+s1 & h to submit to a      
condition (     ?+s 9 :i* summ>y        
puni%m5t = #8,maje/tsbeleidigung'     is
 possible80  ,9 ! autumn ( #ahef ,roscoe
 return$ to ,london1 & ) ! help ( fri5ds
 set up a private laboratory 9 ,b$=d    
,place1 ,russell ,squ>e1 ) ,wilhelm     
,dittm> to assi/ him 9 rese>* "w4 ,he   
also obta9$ employm5t z a sci5ce lectur]
 at an army s*ool at ,el?am1 & did "s   

analytical "w on v5tilation = a         
,dep>tm5tal ,committee1 ! results ( :i* 
7 publi%$ 9 a ,blue-book1 & also 9 !    
,j\rnal ( ! ,*emical ,society4#b  ,!    
,london v5ture 0 v %ort-liv$1 = 9 !     
foll[+ ye> ,frankl&1 ! fir/ ,pr(essor ( 
,*emi/ry 9 ! rec5tly f\nd$ ,ow5s        
,college1 ,man*e/]1 resign$ 8 appo9tm5t1
 & ,roscoe1 :o 0 able to produce        
satisfactory te/imonials f ,buns51      
,liebig1 ,graham1 ,williamson1 & o!rs1  
(f]$ himself z a c&idate = ! vacant *air
 & 0 appo9t$4     ,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,ow5s 
,,college1 ,,man*e/]   ,ow5s ,college _h
 its orig9 9 a beque/ ( ,john ,ow5s1 a  
m]*ant ( ,man*e/]1 :o left ! bulk ( 8   
=tune to tru/ees to f\nd a collegiate   
in/itution 9 ,man*e/]1 op5 to p]sons ( e
 v>iety ( cre$ & free f e religi\s te/4 
,he 0 born 9 #agij1 ! son ( ,ow5 ,ow5s1 
a ,fl9t%ire man1 :o settl$ 9 ,man*e/] 9 
e>ly life & e/abli%$ a small bus9ess z a
 hat-l9+ cutt] & furri]4 ,"s "t aft]    
#ahae ,ow5 ,ow5s took 8 son into        
p>tn]%ip1 :5 ! firm ext5d$ ! scope ( _! 

bus9ess & became g5]al m]*ants1 %ipp+   
calicoes & co>se wooll5s to ,*9a1       
,india1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & ,new ,york1 &   
import+ hides1 :eat1 & o!r produce 9    
return4  ,john ,ow5s 0 describ$ z       
possess+ a good deal ( h>d-head$ness &  
practical common s5se1 a ke5 buy] & a   
good pay]1 v me?odical 9 8 habits &     
op]ations1 & :o act$ up to 8 fav\rite   
motto1 ,hone/as optima politia4 ,he 0 a 
/aun* ,diss5t] & a 8/alw>t0 ,radical1 a 
%y1 sil5t man1 kn[n only to a few       
intimates1 a misogami/1 if n actually a 
misogyni/1 ( no great intellectual      
ability1 & ) few cultur$ ta/es1 nor1 s  
f> z c be ga!r$1 p>ticul>ly fri5dly to  
le>n+4 ,!re is reason to believe t 8    
fir/ int5tion 0 to leave ! great] "p ( 8
 =tune to 8 lifelong fri5d & =m]        
s*oolfell[1 ,george ,faulkn]1 a         
well-kn[n & prosp]\s ,man*e/] m]*ant1 :o
 9 decl9+ x appe>s to h sugge/$ ! idea (
 f\nd+ a college 9 ,man*e/]4 ,!         
sugge/ion took root4 ,9 develop+ x ,ow5s
 seems to h be5 ma9ly mov$ by a feel+ ( 

bitt]ness aga9/ a sy/em :i* impos$      
subscription to articles & cre$s on a "y
 man be=e he c\ld be admitt$ to ! anci5t
 ,univ]sities4      ,he 0 det]m9$ to    
break d[n ?is inju/ice s f> z he 0      
able2 he !re=e made ! tru/ subject to 8!
 fundam5tal     & immutable rule &      
condition ''' t ! /ud5ts1     pr(essors1
 tea*]s1 & o!r (fic]s & p]sons connect$ 
) ! said in/itution %all n be requir$ to
 make any     decl>ation z to1 or submit
 to any te/ :atsoev] (1 _!     religi\s 
op9ions1 & t no?+ %all be introduc$ 9   
! matt] or mode ( education or          
in/ruction 9 ref]5ce to     any religi\s
 or !ological subject :i* %all be       
reasonably     (f5sive to ! consci5ce ( 
any /ud5t1 or ( 8     relations1        
gu>dians1 or fri5ds1 "u ^: imm$iate c>e 
he     %all be40#c  ,john ,ow5s di$1    
unm>ri$1 9 ,july #ahdf1 at ! age (      
fifty-five4 ,mr4 ,george ,faulkn]1 :o _h
 be5 nam$ z "o ( ! executors1 proce$$ to
 c>ry out ! provisions ( ! w4 ,! e/ate  
took "s ye>s to realize1 & ! acc\nts 7 n

 f9ally clos$ until #aheg1 :5 ! total   
sum receiv$ = ! purposes ( ! college    
am\nt$ to #if1idb--n a v l>ge am\nt     
consid]$ z end[m5t1 b /ill suffici5t1   
view$ f ! /&po9t ( ! middle ( la/       
c5tury1 to enable a mode/ />t to be     
made1 ) prud5t managem5t on ! "p ( !    
tru/ees1 & a reasonable am\nt ( sympa?y 
& goodwill on ! "p ( ! community t 0 to 
be b5efit$4  ,! executors1 )\t wait+ = !
 complete realization ( ! e/ate1 proce$$
 to execute ! provisions ( ! beque/ z   
reg>ds ! project$ college4 ,9 !         
selection ( ! tru/ees appo9t$ to c>ry   
out 8 int5tions ,john ,ow5s act$ ) s\nd 
judgm5t & a wise lib]ality4 ,x is evid5t
 f ! t]ms ( ! w t he _h giv5 consid]able
 ?\ght to ! "* ( ! in/itution he wi%$ to
 f\nd4 ,b 9 spite ( all 8 c>e & ( !     
legal skill ) :i* 8 wi%es 7 express$1 ! 
!ological difficulty manag$ to creep 91 
& +5i\s casui/s rais$ d\bts & diff]5ces 
( op9ion conc]n+ ! int]pretation ( !    
te/ator's w 9 reg>d to religi\s         
in/ruction4 ,?is occasion$ delay1 & a   

c]ta9 am\nt ( sect>ian jeal\sy &        
unfri5dly feel+ 0 /irr$ up :i* act$     
prejudicially aga9/ ! new in/itution =  
"s ye>s aft] its e/abli%m5t4  ,!        
,college 0 =mally op5$ 9 ,m>* #ahea4    
,its fir/ ,pr9cipal 0 ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4      
,scott1 :o 0 ,pr(essor ( ,engli%        
,lit]ature 9 ,univ]sity ,college :5     
,roscoe /udi$ !re4 ,9 addition to be+   
,pr9cipal he 0 appo9t$ ,pr(essor (      
,logic1 ,m5tal & ,moral ,philosophy1 &  
,engli% ,language & ,lit]ature4 ,!      
circum/ance t he und]took1 ) ! cons5t ( 
! tru/ees1 to give c\rses ( lectures on 
8,! ,influ5ce ( ,religion 9 ,relation to
 ! ,life ( ! ,s*ol>10 0 "o cause ( !    
hubbub :i* 0 rais$ 9 ! t[n & :i* br\ght 
! ,*ur* p>ty to ! support ( ! tru/ees :o
 _h sanction$ ^! c\rses4 ,o!r tea*]s 7  
,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,gre5wood1 ,pr(essor ( !   
,language & ,lit]ature ( ,greece &      
,rome2 ,mr4 ,ar*ibald ,s&eman1 ,pr(essor
 ( ,ma!matics2 ,dr4 ,edw>d ,frankl&1    
,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry2 ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4      
,williamson1 ,pr(essor ( ,natural       

,hi/ory1 ,botany1 & ,geology2 ,mr4 ,t4  
,!odores1 tea*] ( ,g]man1 ,hebrew1 &    
,ori5tal languages2 & ,m4 ,podev91 tea*]
 ( ,fr5*4  ,! ,college 0 locat$ 9 :at _h
 be5 a private h\se1 =m]ly ! resid5ce ( 
,ri*>d ,cobd51 & situat$ 9 a dre>y &    
some:at disreputable neighb\rhood 9 !   
vic9ity ( ,deansgate1 "o ( ! ma9        
?or\ghf>es ( ! poor] qu>t]s ( ! city4   
,?is build+ 0 pur*as$ f ,mr4 ,cobd5 by  
,mr4 ,george ,faulkn]1 ! *airman ( !    
tru/ees1 & 0 subsequ5tly convey$ by him 
to ! o!r tru/ees z an absolute donation 
= ! b5efit ( ! ,college4 ,z x 0 unsuit$ 
= ! provision ( a *emical laboratory1 ! 
tru/ees det]m9$ to erect at ! re> ( !   
h\se a build+ specially design$ = !     
purpose2 b z !y 7 preclud$ f us+ any ( !
 corpus ( ! e/ate = build+1 !y rais$ a  
sum ( ne>ly #aj1jjj = ! in/allation ( a 
*emical laboratory & lecture !atre1 !   
=mation ( a libr>y & = g5]al purposes4  
,! *emical laboratory1 :i* 0 plann$ "u !
 direction ( ,dr4 ,frankl&1 c\ld        
accommodate ab\t fifty work]s2 x 0      

conv5i5tly arrang$1 & 0 inde$ "o ( ! be/
 ( its k9d at ! p]iod ( its erection4   
,! ,college made a fairly auspici\s />t 
z reg>ds numb]s1 b = v>i\s reasons su*  
popul>ity z x _h rapidly decl9$1 & ea*  
succe$+ session saw a dim9i%$ entry4 ,at
 ! "t ,roscoe jo9$ ! /ud5ts numb]$ only 
?irty-five1 ( :om fifte5 7 work+ 9 !    
*emical dep>tm5t4  ,we ga!r f ! reports 
( ! pr(essors to ! tru/ees t _m causes  
contribut$ to ret>d ! progress ( !      
in/itution4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 "o ( ! *ief
 ( ^! 0 :at 0 subsequ5tly consid]$ !    
*ief glory ( ! f\ndation1 namely1 its   
unsect>ian "*4 ,b ano!r & m practical   
reason 0 t ! g5]ally unsatisfactory "* (
 ! s*ool "w ( ! /ud5ts prev5t$ !m f     
obta9+ full advantage ( ! ,college      
c\rses4 ,9 fact1 ! tra9+ af=d$ by !     
,college 0 beyond ! desires ( ! p4      
,high] education 0 n consid]$ by        
,man*e/] z requisite = ! accumulation ( 
weal?4 ,9 ^? days lack ( education _h   
little or no effect on ! social position
 ( its money$ m54 ,!y 7 incl9$ to ?9k t 

a highly educat$ y\? 0 unfitt$ = ! r\t9e
 "w ( a c\nt+-h\se & 0 ( little use z a 
salesman on ! floor ( ! ,ex*ange4  ,b   
!re 7 d\btless o!r causes ( a diff]5t   
nature4 ,x 0 un=tunate = ! ,college t ! 
days ( its infancy %\ld be ca/ 9 !      
tr\bl$ times ( ! ,crimean ,w> & !       
,indian ,mut9y--ev5ts :i* dislocat$     
trade & affect$ ! prosp]ity ( ! di/rict4
  ,x 0 significant ( :at ! t[n ?\ght ( !
 f9ancial outlook ( ! ,college t ! new  
pr(essor %\ld be refus$ ! t5ancy ( a    
h\se :5 ! l&lord le>n$ t he 0 "o ( its  
/aff4  ,its ill-success 0 ! subject (   
lead+ articles 9 ! local press4 ,!      
,man*e/] ,gu>dian ( ,july #i1 #aheh1    
wrote3 8,expla9 x z we may1 ! fact is   
c]ta9 t ?is ,college1 :i* eight ye>s ago
 x 0 hop$ w\ld =m ! nucleus ( a ,man*e/]
 univ]sity1 is a mortify+ failure40 ,&  
,pr(essor ,roscoe 0 blam$ = n aw>d+ !   
,dalton s*ol>%ip because he _h !        
h>dihood to say t none ( ! laboratory   
/ud5ts 0 suffici5tly qualifi$ to be     
wor?y ( x4 ,! ,man*e/] ,exam9] 0 some:at

 m appreciative ( ! ef=ts ( ! little b& 
:o 7 gallantly /riv+ to raise ! v l[    
/&>d ( middle-class education 9 ,man*e/]
 at t "t4      ,we are compell$ 7x said7
 to look = ! causes (     non-success   
else:]e ?an 9 ! collegiate ma*9]y4 ,if  
an     objection c be rais$ aga9/ !     
,college at all1 x is t     su* an      
in/itution is ei!r 9 advance ( our felt 
wants1 or     altoge!r unsuit$ to !     
economical conditions ( ,man*e/]        
life4 ,/ill1 ?is is ! fault ( !         
community1 n ( !     ,college4 ,! wor/ t
 c be said ( x is t x is too     good = 
u4  ,?is might c]ta9ly be said1 9 a     
c]ta9 s5se1 ( ! fir/ ,pr9cipal ( !      
,college4 ,excell5t 9 _m respects z a   
man1 & inspir+ z a tea*]1 he 0 altoge!r 
unfitt$ to direct ! developm5t ( ! "y & 
/ruggl+ in/itution 9 su* a community &  
at su* a "t4  ,pr9cipal ,scott1 :om     
,mrs4 ,oliphant describ$ z 8a man ^:    
p[]ful1 wilful1 & fa/idi\s m9d has      
produc$ ^u all o!r capable m9ds an      
impression ( =ce & ability :i* no       

practical result has yet adequately     
c>ri$ out10 _h little con/ructive or    
directive p[]4 ,e>ne/1 upright1 &       
consci5ti\s1 he 0 ess5tially an         
ideali/--almo/ a vision>y--a man (      
words--=ceful & ev5 eloqu5t at times--b 
) no capacity = action4 ,z a ?9k] he    
liv$ a /r5u\s & exhau/ive life4 ,al?\gh 
only =ty-six at ! date ( 8 appo9tm5t1 8 
con/itution1 nev] v robu/1 0 already    
und]m9$ & 8 n]v\s en]gy impair$4 ,he 0  
frequ5tly ill1 & 8 repeat$ abs5ces f !  
,college necess>ily int]f]$ ) 8         
adm9i/rative "w4 ,aft] /ruggl+ = six    
ye>s ) ! duties & responsibilities ( a  
position = :i* circum/ances & ! times 9 
n[ise fitt$ him1 he t5d]$ 8 resignation 
z ,pr9cipal a few mon?s be=e ,roscoe 0  
appo9t$ to ! *air ( ,*emi/ry & 0 succe$$
 by ,pr(essor ,gre5wood4  ,! public     
criticism to :i* ! ,college 0 subject$ 0
 n altoge!r )\t a salut>y effect on its 
policy4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t x 0 ! fir/ 
attempt ( ! k9d to br+ ! high] tra9+1 & 
some?+ ( ! _s ( collegiate life1        

directly )9 ! rea* ( ! middle-class y\? 
( a great bus9ess community1 & x 0      
necess>y to h "s reg>d to ! conditions (
 ! di/rict & its special requirem5ts &1 
x may be add$1 ev5 its peculi>          
prejudices4  ,roscoe's antec$5ts1 8     
associations ) ,lanca%ire1 & 8 k ( &    
sympa?y ) :at is /ronge/ & be/ 9 !      
,lanca%ire "*1 made him quick to realize
 ! factors ^u :i* ! ultimate success ( !
 in/itution dep5d$4 ,x 0 no use = x to  
set itself a?w>t ! economical conditions
 ( ! community4 ,"y z he 0--he 0 !n     
tw5ty-f\r--he 0 p]haps m alive to !     
practical necessities ( ! position ?an !
 majority ( 8 colleagues4  ,he quickly  
reveal$ himself z ! man ( ! h\r4 ,8     
accession to ! ,college at ?is crisis 0 
! turn+-po9t 9 its c>e]4 ,he br\ght new 
vig\r & a fre% _s into its policy1 & f t
 "t =w>d its =tunes began /eadily to    
m5d4  ,z reg>ds 8 own dep>tm5t1 x 0 8   
ambition to e/abli% at ,ow5s ,college a 
s*ool ( *emi/ry :i* %\ld wor?ily s]ve ! 
int]e/s ( ! great manufactur+ di/rict ( 

,s\? ,lanca%ire--! l>ge/ & mo/ important
 seat ( *emical indu/ry 9 ! k+dom4      
,associat$ ) him 9 ?is ef=t1 he _h z    
assi/ants ,fr$]ick ,gu?rie1 :o1 on 8    
appo9tm5t to ! *air ( ,*emi/ry at !     
,royal ,college 9 ,mauritius1 0 succe$$ 
by ,dittm>1 & aft]w>ds by               
,s*orlemm]--all m5 ( orig9ality &       
admirable tea*]s4 ,s*orlemm] sp5t !     
great] "p ( 8 life 9 ,man*e/]1 & di$ 9 !
 s]vice ( ! ,college1 latt]ly z         
,pr(essor ( ,organic ,*emi/ry--! fir/ to
 be s designat$ 9 ! k+dom4 ,8 connection
 ) ! in/itution is commemorat$ by !     
association ( 8 "n ) "o ( ! *emical     
laboratories ( ! ,victoria ,univ]sity4  
,8 co-op]ation ) ,roscoe 9 ! production 
( ! well-kn[n treatise :i* be>s _! jo9t 
names w be ref]r$ to lat]4  ,roscoe f ! 
outset ?rew himself he>tily into !      
educational & sci5tific activities ( !  
community 9 :i* he 0 to make 8 home = ! 
next ?irty ye>s4 ,he jo9$ !             
,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]--s   
hon\rably associat$ ) ! "n & fame (     

,dalton4 ,f\nd$ 9 #agha1 ! ,society has 
play$ a wor?y "p 9 ! intellectual life (
 ,man*e/]4 ,9 ! second ye> ( its exi/5ce
 "o ( its memb]s--! ,rev4 ,dr4          
,b>nes--drew up 8proposals = e/abli%+ 9 
,man*e/] a plan ( lib]al education = "y 
m5 design$ = civil & active life1 :e!r 9
 trade or 9 any ( ! pr(essions10 :i* may
 be said to h anticipat$ ! f\ndation (  
,ow5s ,college4 ,! managem5t 0 to be    
free f sect>ian exclusiv5ess4 8,a plan  
=m$ = public utility %\ld be g5]\s &    
enl>g$1 s z to ext5d itself z widely z  
possible = ! common int]e/4 ,sci5ce &   
arts are ( no political or religi\s     
p>ty40 ,^! lib]al s5tim5ts comm5d$      
!mselves to ! ,society1 :o ord]$ t !    
pap] %\ld 8be pr9t$ & (f]$ to !         
consid]ation ( ! public40 ,! se$ fell on
 /ony gr\nd at ! "t & made only a feeble
 attempt to g]m9ate2 two g5]ations _h to
 come & g be=e x def9itely took root4   
,roscoe quickly acquir$ an influ5tial   
position 9 ! ,philosophical ,society4   
,he s]v$ = _m ye>s z its secret>y1 &    

ultimately became its presid5t4 ,he 0 ! 
fir/ recipi5t ( its ,dalton m$al1 aw>d$ 
to him 9 recognition ( 8 ef=ts to ?r[   
light ^u ! reason+ :i* l$ ,dalton to !  
=mulation ( 8 great g5]alization1 by !  
publication 9 association ) 8 fri5d &   
=m] pupil1 ,dr4 ,h>d51 ( 8,a ,new ,view 
( ! ,orig9 ( ,dalton's ,atomic ,!ory0   
7,london3 ,macmillan  ,co41 ,ltd471 bas$
 ^u ,dalton's manuscripts & laboratory  
note-books 9 ! possession ( ! ,society4 
,! book w be ref]r$ to at great] l5g? :5
 consid]+ ,roscoe's contributions 9     
g5]al to ! lit]ature ( *emi/ry4  ,9 !   
,society at ! "t ,roscoe jo9$ x 7 sev]al
 m5 ( sci5tific em95ce1 or :o play$     
notable p>ts 9 ! indu/rial life ( !     
di/rict--among !m ,j\le1 ,s*unck1       
,fairbairn1 ,w4 ,c4 ,williamson1 ,angus 
,smi?1 & ,crace ,calv]t4 ,j\le1 a pupil 
( ,dalton1 a %y1 retir+ man1 0 sev]al   
times ,presid5t ( ! ,society1 & ,roscoe1
 :o greatly admir$ 8 "* & p[]s z an     
orig9al ?9k]1 became "o ( 8 mo/ intimate
 fri5ds4 ,9 ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life ,j\le1 

:o 0 a memb] ( a brew+ firm at ,/one 9  
,/af=d%ire1 suff]$ great rev]ses (      
=tune1 & 0 only sav$ f actual pov]ty by 
! grant ( a ,civil ,li/ p5sion1 :i*     
,roscoe1 ) ! help ( ,tyndall1 ,huxley1 &
 o!r fri5ds ( sci5ce1 0 in/rum5tal 9    
obta9+4 ,a lett] :i* ,roscoe wrote to ! 
,times result$ 9 ! creation ( ! ,j\le   
,memorial ,fund1 adm9i/]$ by ! ,royal   
,society4 ,x takes ! =m ( an            
int]national /ud5t%ip or grant to assi/ 
rese>* 9 ^? bran*es ( physical sci5ce m 
imm$iately connect$ ) ,j\le's "w4 ,) !  
assi/ance ( ,"l ,kelv91 he secur$ !     
plac+ ( a tablet to ,j\le's memory 9    
,we/m9/] ,abbey4  ,9 ! ve/ibule ( !     
,man*e/] ,t[n ,hall a life-size m>ble   
/atue by ,gilb]t ( ! discov]] ( ! ,law (
 ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy /&s opposite to
 a /atue ( ! au?or ( ! ,atomic ,!ory4 ,x
 0 unveil$ 9 #ahic by ,j\le's mo/       
intimate sci5tific fri5d1 ,"l ,kelv94   
,conc]n+ ?is unveil+1 ,roscoe c\ld      
occasionally be induc$ to tell a /ory4  
,9 propos+ a vote ( ?anks to ,"l ,kelv91

 he /at$ t "o inducem5t t drew him to   
,man*e/] 0 t he might sit at ! feet (   
,j\le1 ^: "n 0 z well kn[n on ! ,cont95t
 z t ( ,newton1 b he f\nd t all t !     
,man*e/] ( t day knew ( ,j\le 0 8 ,/one 
,ales4 ,"o ( 8 lady auditors1 9         
complim5t+ him ^u 8 little spee*1       
obs]v$3 8,( c\rse ,i q und]/ood y\r     
rem>k ab\t sitt+ at ,dr4 ,j\le's feet1 b
 :y make allusion to 8 toe-nails60  ,!  
visit ( ! ,briti% ,association to       
,man*e/] 9 #ahfa1 :5 ,roscoe s]v$ z "o (
 ! local secret>ies1 af=d$ him an       
excell5t opportunity ( %[+ 8 organiz+   
p[]s & bus9ess aptitudes4  ,^! 7 /ill   
fur!r demon/rat$ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfb1 dur+ 
! memorable cotton fam9e 9 ,lanca%ire1  
:5 he act$ z "o ( ! secret>ies to a     
committee creat$ to provide "s =m (     
intellectual occupation = ! ?\s&s (     
op]atives ?r[n out ( employm5t by !     
/oppage ( ! /aple indu/ry ( ! di/rict4  
,he gave lectures1 illu/rat$ by         
exp]im5ts1 on subjects likely to attract
 a work+-class audi5ce4 ,^! 7 highly    

popul>1 & und\bt$ly awak5$ a g5]al      
int]e/ 9 sci5tific matt]s 9 qu>t]s :i*  
knew no?+ ( sci5ce4 ,_! success enc\rag$
 him to in/itute ! s]ies ( ,sci5ce      
,lectures = ! ,p1 :i* he began 9 #ahff1 
& c>ri$ on = elev5 consecutive w9t]s4 ,9
 ?is movem5t he secur$ ! co-op]ation1   
among/ o!rs1 ( ,huxley1 ,c>p5t]1        
,tyndall1 ,hugg9s1 ,"l ,avebury1 ,abel1 
,/anley ,jevons1 ,clif=d1 &             
,spottiswoode4 ,! lectures 7 giv5 9 "s (
 ! l>ge/ public halls 9 ! city1 & 7     
att5d$ by ?\s&s4 ,!y 7 publi%$ week by  
week z deliv]$1 & 7 sold = a p5ny all   
ov] ! _w4  ,9 #ahgd ! writ]1 !n rec5tly 
appo9t$ to ! newly f\nd$ ,york%ire      
,college at ,le$s1 _h ! privilege ( tak+
 "p 9 ^! c\rses1 :5 he und]took to give 
"s acc\nt ( ! life & "w ( ,joseph       
,prie/ley1 ! *emi/1 :o1 z already /at$1 
0 a colleague ( ,dr4 ,enfield at !      
,w>r+ton ,academy4  ,mrs4 ,roscoe1 ! "m 
( ! subject ( ?is memoir1 !n an old lady
 ( sev5ty-six1 :o _h %[n ! writ] _m     
k9dnesses dur+ 8 /ud5t-days at ,ow5s    

,college1 0 pleas$ to int]e/ h]self 9   
?is lecture &1 unsolicit$1 to write !   
foll[+ *>act]i/ic & *>m+ little sket* ( 
,prie/ley & 8 wife z a contribution to !
 subject4                               
#aj ,,york ,,place1 ,,ox=d ,,road1      
,novemb] #ab #ahgd4      ,,my ,,de>     
,,pr(essor1      ,i h a few p>ticul>s at
 y\r s]vice = y\r lecture on            
,prie/ley if y int5d to sket* 8 "*1 :i* 
0 a     f9e example = work+-m54 ,i %\ld 
be glad to s5d y !     pap]s if y w     
return !m4 ,y ( c\rse h ,huxley's       
enl>g$ notice 9 ! ,contempor>y1 :i* is v
 good &     full4      ,8 pov]ty1 en]gy1
 & extreme indu/ry rais$ him f !        
humble/ condition4 ,8 fir/ place (      
,*ri/ian m9i/ry =     ?ree ye>s 0 at a  
small *apel at ,ne$ham1 & 8 /ip5d       
only #cj a ye>1 to :i* he add$ a small  
s*ool4 ,"h he     b\ght a pair ( globes 
7made by ,john ,s5ex1 ,f4,r4,s474 ,:5 he
     remov$ to ,nantwi*1 :]e he 0 m9i/] 
= ?ree ye>s1     he took ! globes ) him1
 & also kept a small s*ool4     ,!re he 

b\ght a small air-pump & an electrical  
ma*9e     & a few books1 go+ on )       
prea*+1 tea*+ s*ools1     & le>n+       
himself4 ,he says3 8,i 0 b>ely able1 ) !
     greate/ economy1 to keep out (     
debt--b ?is ,i always made a     po9t   
(40 7,! globes & ! fir/ electrical ma*9e
 belong     to fri5ds ( m9e4--,m4 ,r47  
,9 #agfa he remov$ to ,w>r+ton1 :]e he  
rema9$ six     ye>s1 connect$ ) !       
,academy !re4 ,"h he m>ri$ 8     wife--a
 mo/ admirable woman--:o excell$ s      
greatly 9 rul+     ! home t 8x all[$ him
 to give 8 :ole "t to !     prosecution 
( 8 /udies & o!r duties40 ,h] behavi\r  
dur+ ! ,p]secution & ,emigration to     
,am]ica 0 above all     praise4 ,%e said
 ( h]self3 8,!re is some?+ inh]5t 9 me  
:i* always makes me swim to ! top (     
affliction1 s t     ,i am ready to pop  
out to ! fir/ fri5dly h& t (f]s         
assi/ance--o!rwise ,i am surpris$ at    
myself t ,i h borne     x s well1 &     
greatly rejoic$ t ,dr4 ,prie/ley has    
kept up     "u all ! malignity t att5d$ 

! riots4 ,our prop]ty     may be said to
 be entirely de/roy$1 ! few rema9s t h  
be5 pick$ up s demoli%$ z to be ( little
 value40 ,!     loss ( books1 ,,mss41 & 
in/rum5ts 0 valu$ at #aj1jjj4      ,!re 
is an int]e/+ *apt] on visit+           
,prie/ley's grave     9 ,h>riet         
,m>t9eau's 8,retrospect ( ,we/]n        
,travel10 vol4     i4 pp4 #age-ij4 ,also
 a poetical acc\nt ( ! uses ( oxyg5     
by ,george ,dawson ( ,birm+ham1 :i* ,i  
cut out = y4 ,!     li/ ( all           
,prie/ley's works & portraits1 m$allions
 &     engrav+s1 z well z rema9s ( o!r  
k9ds1 is giv5 by ,rev4     ,james       
,yates1 & app5d$ to ! ,life ( ,prie/ley 
by ,hutt4      ,prie/ley 0 driv5 f      
,engl& 9 #agid1 & ,lavoisi] 0           
guillot9$ 9 ! same ye> at ,p>is aft]    
confiscation ( all     8 prop]ty2 & x 0 
9 #ahgd t ,birm+ham 0 8made to     eat  
humble-pie0 by erect+ a /atue to        
,prie/ley's memory on     ! c5t5>y ( 8  
great discov]y4      ,i hope y h made a 
good beg9n+ at ,le$s & w     nev]!less n

 be too busy to read ?is note & to      
excuse my     tr\bl+ y4                 
,v truly y\rs1                          
,,m>ia ,,roscoe4  ,( ! /imulat+ influ5ce
 ( ^! ,p5ny ,lectures ,roscoe receiv$   
abundant te/imony3 9 aft]-life he       
frequ5tly met p]sons1 "s occupy+ a high 
& responsible position 9 comm]ce &      
indu/ry1 :o in=m$ him t !y 7 indebt$ to 
!m = _! fir/ int]e/ 9 sci5ce4 ,"o su*   
p]son 0 ! late ,mr4 ,?omas ,p>k]1 a     
self-made man1 & f\nd] ( ! well-kn[n    
electrical firm ( ,elwell-,p>k]4        
,s]vices su* z ^!1 comb9$ ) ,roscoe's   
gr[+ popul>ity & influ5ce1 necess>ily   
react$ fav\rably ^u ! =tunes ( !        
,college1 & x /eadily grew 9 fav\r4 ,!  
*emical dep>tm5t especially increas$ 9  
numb]s1 & ! laboratory soon became      
inadequate to accommodate ! /ud5ts1 :o  
came to x f all p>ts ( ,engl&1 attract$ 
by its fame z a *emical s*ool4  ,!      
prospects ( ! ,college 7 n[ s well      
assur$ t 9 #ahfe ! gov]n+ body & !      
pr(essors began to consid] !            

desirability ( ext5d+ its s*eme (       
/udies1 &1 :at at ! mom5t 0 ev5 m urg5t1
 provid+ new & greatly increas$         
accommodation4 ,ow+ to ! adv]se /ate (  
trade at ! "t1 no imm$iate /eps 7       
possible2 b 9 #ahfg a t[n's meet+       
resolv$ 8,t ! "t _h come = ! public ( ! 
di/rict to unite = ! purpose ( develop+ 
! ,college on a m compreh5sive scale1 & 
9 appropriate & conv5i5t build+s40 ,an  
executive committee1 on :i* ,roscoe 0   
plac$1 0 appo9t$ to c>ry out ?is & c]ta9
 consequ5tial resolutions4 ,he 0 also   
requir$ to s]ve on v>i\s sub-committees1
 deal+ ) ! new site1 build+s1 ext5sion &
 re>rangem5t ( c\rses ( /udy4 ,x says   
mu* = ! influ5ce & weight he _h n[      
acquir$ 9 ! c\nsels ( ! ,college1 & = ! 
confid5ce repos$ 9 8 judgm5t & bus9ess  
capacity1 t no o!r memb] ( ! /aff 0     
call$ ^u to take s l>ge & s responsible 
a %>e 9 ! ext5sion movem5t4  ,! new     
,con/itution z settl$ by ! ext5sion     
committee1 to ! ext5t t x modifi$ or    
enl>g$ ! orig9al s*eme ( ! f\nd]1       

necessitat$ an application = a ,bill 9  
,p>liam5t4 ,! action ( ! ,gov]n+ ,body 9
 enl>g+ ! scope ( ! ,college 0 g5]ally  
approv$ & 0 w>mly support$1 among/ o!rs 
by ,mr4 ,freeman ! hi/orian4 ,he        
consid]$ t ! memb]s ( ! two anci5t      
,univ]sities ought to feel1 & he 0 sure 
t !y l>gely did feel1 a special sympa?y 
9 ! plant+ ( an in/itution l ,ow5s      
,college 9 su* a city z ,man*e/]4       
,x 0 call$ a college1 b x _h really mu* 
m ( !     "* ( a univ]sity2 & x 0 z a   
new univ]sity 9     ,man*e/] t he 0     
ready & delight$ to welcome x4     ,x 0 
a great & noble "w :i* _h be5 begun 9 _!
     city4''' ,he look$ !n ^u ,ow5s     
,college z a univ]sity ris+     9 a     
great city2 nei!r did he look on a great
 city z an     unfitt+ place = a great  
univ]sity4 ,z a rule1 ! anci5t          
univ]sities ( ,europe _h aris5 9 great  
cities4 ,ow5s     ,college1 unlike mo/  
mod]n in/itutions1 did n beg9 )     a   
build+4 ,"h 0 a college :i* _h be5 at "w
 = a     good _m ye>s1 & ! common       

academical build+s 7 only     n[ be+    
plann$4 ,?is 0 j z x %\ld be2 at any    
rate     x 0 j 9 ! _s ( ! old f\nd]s4   
,!y got _!     m5 fir/1 & let ! build+s 
come aft]w>ds4 ,if ,ow5s     ,college _h
 hi!rto to d ) make%ift build+s1 x 0    
j :at ! old colleges ( ,ox=d did = a    
:ile1 & 9     bo? cases = ! same reason1
 because ! college itself1 !     liv+   
memb]s ( ! college1 came fir/ 9 ! ideas 
( !     f\nd]s1 & ! mat]ial h\se exi/$ =
 _! sake only4  ,! draft ( ! new        
,con/itution 0 prep>$1 "u ! direction ( 
a sub-committee1 by ,mr4 ,james ,bryce1 
n[ ,"l ,bryce1 !n ,regius ,pr(essor (   
,civil ,law at ,ox=d1 & =m]ly ,pr(essor 
( ,jurisprud5ce & ,law at ,ow5s         
,college4 ,a ,bill 0 next draft$ to     
enable ! ,college to procure            
modifications ( c]ta9 features ( ,john  
,ow5s's f\ndation1 & ,roscoe 0 reque/$  
to sign z "o ( ! promot]s ( ! petition =
 ! ,ow5s ,college1 ,man*e/]1 ,bill1     
#ahgj4 ,?is ,bill met ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( 
p>liam5t>y opposition1 ma9ly 9 ! ,h\se (

 ,lords1 :]e x 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,x 0   
alleg$ t x 0 a ,bill = incorporat+ a    
non-exi/5t *>ity1 enabl+ x to annex !   
prop]ty ( ano!r *>ity & to set aside to 
a great ext5t ! express$ int5tion ( !   
f\nd]4 ,objections also 7 rais$ 9       
,man*e/] itself by ! executor ( ! late  
*airman ( tru/ees1 on ! gr\nd t x 0     
propos$ to include females z /ud5ts ( ! 
,college4 ,! promot]s met bo? !         
p>liam5t>y & local opposition ) skill & 
judgm5t4 ,! ,lords pass$ ! second read+ 
by a majority ( ne>ly six to "o1 & z no 
petitions 7 lodg$ aga9/ x aft] ly+ on ! 
table = =ty days1 x 0 read a ?ird "t &  
pass$4 ,9 ! ,commons ! ,bill 0 read a   
fir/ & second "t )\t opposition4 ,a     
difficulty 0 ?reat5$ 9 ,committee 9     
reg>d to ! inclusion ( ! words1 8,a     
college :]e9 "y p]sons1 includ+ if & :5 
! prop] au?orities ( ! ,college s       
direct1 p]sons ( ! female sex1 may      
receive in/ruction40 ,?is 0 /ay$ by !   
promot]s agree+ to accept 9 lieu ! words
 8su* "y p]sons z ! prop] au?orities ( !

 ,college may f "t to "t direct0--a     
sapi5t am5dm5t :i* made little or no    
ess5tial diff]5ce :5 ! inclusion ( wom5 
came to be dealt ) z a practical "q4 ,! 
,ow5s ,college ,ext5sion ,act receiv$ ! 
royal ass5t 9 ,july #ahgj4  ,!          
f\ndation-/one ( ! fir/ block ( ! new   
build+s 0 laid by ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 
! fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,ow5s ,college1 on 
,septemb] #bc1 #ahgj4 ,! design ( !     
*emical laboratories 0 :olly inspir$ by 
,roscoe1 aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( e   
cont95tal example t might furni%        
sugge/ions conc]n+ int]nal arrangem5ts &
 fitt+s1 ! details be+ admirably c>ri$  
out by ! late ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,wat]h\se1    
,r4,a4 ,x is n too mu* to say t ^!      
laboratories h s]v$ z models =          
practically e *emical laboratory :i* has
 be5 subsequ5tly built 9 ?is c\ntry or  
abroad4  ,roscoe's int]e/ 9 ! new       
build+s 0 n by any means exclusively    
conf9$ to 8 own dep>tm5t4 ,z a memb] ( !
 build+ committee he took an active &   
lead+ "p 9 its "w g5]ally4 ,! position  

he ?us acquir$ may be illu/rat$ by !    
foll[+ /ory4 ,:5 ,pr9cipal ,gre5wood 0  
ask$ h[ _m ma/]-keys w\ld be ne$$ by !  
/aff1 he repli$3 8,?ree3 "o = me because
 ,i'm ,pr9cipal2 "o = ,w>d z            
,pro-,pr9cipal1 & "o = ,roscoe because  
he is ,roscoe40  ,! actual incorporation
 ( ,john ,ow5s's tru/ )9 ! s*eme ( !    
ext5d$ ,college c\ld only be effect$ ) !
 sanction ( ! ,*>ity ,commission]s4 ,!re
 0 no difficulty 9 ! tru/ees ( ! orig9al
 ,college & ! gov]nors ( ! enl>g$       
in/itution com+ to an agreem5t4 ,!      
difficulty 0 rais$ by ! ,*>itable ,tru/s
 ,commission]s1 & x aga9 arose on ! "q (
 ! 8et]nal fem99e10 ! inclusion ( wom5  
be+ held to be a dep>ture f ! express$  
objects ( ,ow5s's f\ndation4 ,aft] a    
l5g?y correspond5ce ?is & c]ta9 o!r     
po9ts rais$ by ! ,commission]s 7 adju/$1
 :5 a ,confirm+ ,bill 0 introduc$ into  
,p>liam5t2 x pass$ ?r\gh bo? ,h\ses &   
receiv$ ! royal ass5t 9 ,july #ahga4  ,!
 ,ow5s ,college 0 n[ free to develop    
t[>ds t consummation to :i* all fri5ds (

 education desir$ x %\ld proce$4  ,x _h 
gradually enl>g$ ! s*eme ( its /udies s 
z to include ne>ly e dep>tm5t ( le>n+1  
o!r ?an !ology1 pr(ess$ at ! old]       
univ]sities4 ,x 0 inevitable !re=e t    
soon] or lat] x %\ld seek = univ]sity   
p[]s4 ,t ?is 0 to be its goal 0 cle>ly  
=ese5 by all :o 7 actively engag$ 9 its 
ext5sion4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce ( op9ion 0 z  
to :e!r ! "t 0 opportune4 ,_m di/+ui%$  
fri5ds ( ! ,college1 :o _h wat*$ its    
developm5t1 7 ( op9ion 9 ! late         
'sev5ties t x _h already atta9$ a       
univ]sity position1 & t /eps %\ld !n be 
tak5 to make x ! univ]sity ( ,man*e/]4  
,! idea ( a ,man*e/] univ]sity 0 n by   
any means new4 ,x 0 z old1 inde$1 z     
#afdj1 :5 ,h5ry ,fairfax1 ,rector (     
,a%ton-"u-,lyne1 mov$ 8 bro!r1 ! second 
,"l ,fairfax1 to petition ! ,long       
,p>liam5t      8= an univ]sity to be    
erect$ at ,man*e/]1 z ! want (     an   
univ]sity 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( ?is k+dom1  
bo? 9     ?is & =m] ages1 ha? be5       
appreh5d$ a great prejudice     to !    

k+dom 9 g5]al1 b a great] mis]y &       
unhapp9ess     to ^! c\ntries 9         
p>ticul>1 _m ripe & hopeful wits     be+
 utt]ly lo/ = want ( education1 "s be+  
unable1     o!rs unwill+1 to commit _!  
*ildr5 ( t5d] &     unsettl$ age s f> f 
_! own eyes1 to ! sole c>e &     tuition
 ( /rang]s40  ,"l ,fairfax repli$ t ?is 
c\ld n be done except by a ,bill 9      
,p>liam5t1 8:i* w be a *>ge ( "o hundr$ 
m>ks at lea/ #ff #acs4 #d;d41 too mu* to
 be haz>d$ on s great an unc]ta9ty40  ,!
 successive /ages 9 ! gr[? ( ?is        
conception are giv5 9 ,mr4 ,joseph      
,?ompson's 8,hi/ory ( ,ow5s ,college40  
,^! c only be %ortly indicat$ "h4  ,!   
e/abli%m5t ( a univ]sity at ,man*e/] 0  
boldly advocat$ 9 #ahbi by ,mr4 ,w4 ,r4 
,:atton1 :o contemplat$ ! alt]ation &   
ext5sion ( ! plan ( ! exi/+ ,royal      
,in/itution = ! purpose1 & drew up a    
s*eme ( high] education on a wide &     
lib]al basis4 ,mr4 ,:atton combat$ !    
objections :i* 7 rais$ ) consid]able    
skill1 b ! 8religi\s difficulty0 got    

mix$ up ) ! controv]sy3 x prov$         
insurm\ntable & no?+ came ( ! project4  
,9 #ahcf1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,l4 ,jones read a    
pap] be=e ! ,man*e/] ,/ati/ical ,society
 on a plan ( a univ]sity = ! t[n (      
,man*e/]1 :i* 0 subsequ5tly publi%$ 9   
pamphlet =m at ! exp5se ( ! late ,mr4   
,james ,heywood1 ,f4,r4,s41 a well-kn[n 
,man*e/] wor?y4 ,mr4 ,jones1 :o 0 a     
memb] ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 0 a  
/rong advocate ( univ]sity re=m & ( !   
pr9ciple ( introduc+ univ]sity culture  
into ! l>g] indu/rial c5tres1 9 a =m    
suit$ to ! intellectual ne$s ( mod]n    
life4 ,an attempt 0 made to put ! s*eme 
into effect1 b x di$ ( inanition 9 a few
 mon?s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 int]e/+ to note t 
_m details ( ,mr4 ,jones's plan =e%ad[$ 
:at 7 subsequ5tly adopt$ 9 ! arrangem5ts
 ( ,john ,ow5s's f\ndation4 ,naturally !
 idea ev5tually c5tr$ itself 9 ?is      
in/itution4 ,! language ( ! local       
newspap] ,press 9 ! e>ly days ( !       
,college1 ev5 :5 its =tunes 7 at _! l[e/
 ebb1 cle>ly indicates :at 0 ! hope &   

aspiration ( ! m public-spirit$ &       
?\ghtful ( ! community4 ,z ! ,college   
grew & prosp]$1 _! hope 0 /r5g!n$ & _!  
aspiration enc\rag$ by fri5ds (         
education f ! old] univ]sities l        
,freeman ! hi/orian1 by m5 ( sci5ce l   
,"l ,kelv91 ,huxley1 & ,brodie1 & by    
public m5 l ,"l ,bryce & ! late ,"l     
,avebury4  ,) ! provision ( new build+s1
 spaci\s class-rooms & admirable        
laboratories1 design$ by an arti/ :o has
 left ! impress ( 8 g5ius ^u "s ( ! mo/ 
notewor?y ar*itectural features ( !     
city1 ,man*e/] n[ realiz$ t x possess$ a
 temple ( le>n+ ( :i* x might well be   
pr\d4 ,& !re c be little d\bt t ?is fact
 quick5$ ! local feel+ 9 fav\r ( !      
realization ( t hope :i*1 h[ev] fa9t at 
times1 _h p]si/$1 9 spite ( _m          
disappo9tm5ts1 = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s4 
,a few mon?s aft] ! ,college _h be5     
in/all$ 9 its new premises1 ,roscoe & 8 
colleagues1 ,pr(essor ,w>d--n[ ,sir ,a4 
,w4 ,w>d1 ! ,ma/] ( ,pet]h\se1          
,cambridge--:o 0 !n ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory 

9 ,man*e/]1 ,pr9cipal ,gre5wood1 &      
,pr(essor ,morgan1 took ! fir/ effective
 /eps t[>ds ?is consummation4 ,!        
hi/orian ( ,ow5s ,college ?us te/ifies  
to _! action3      ,x is to ! zeal &    
untir+ devotion ( ^! f\r     g5tlem5    
7wrote ,mr4 ,joseph ,?ompson7 t ,man*e/]
 owes its     univ]sity2 o!rs cordially 
support$ ! movem5t1 b !y1     ?r\gh five
 we>y ye>s1 plac$ _! case be=e ! public1
     remov$ prejudices1 advanc$ good    
argum5ts1 & liv$ d[n     opposition4    
,roscoe has himself told ! /ory ( h[ he 
attempt$ to move ,lanca%ire ?r\gh !     
local ,press1 & /rove to create a public
 op9ion 9 fav\r ( ! project1 =1 z he    
cle>ly recogniz$1 )\t public support    
no?+ c\ld be accompli%$4 ,he s\ght to %[
 h[ ! e/abli%m5t ( a new univ]sity 9 !  
,nor? w\ld b5efit ! great middle classes
 ( ! community 9 :i* x 0 plac$1 & :at   
its influ5ce might be expect$ to be ^u !
 great hives ( indu/ry 9 ! mo/ d5sely   
populat$ di/ricts ( ! k+dom4 ,x 01 he   
said1 to be 8,! ,univ]sity ( ! ,busy10 z

 di/+ui%$ f ! old univ]sities ( ,ox=d & 
,cambridge--8,! ,univ]sities ( !        
,weal?y40 ,he po9t$ to ! exi/5ce ( !    
,scotti% univ]sities1 & expla9$ :at _!  
influ5ce _h be5 = g5]ations back on !   
middle & poor] classes ( _! c\ntry4 ,0 n
 ,lanca%ire1 ) its _m popul\s           
manufactur+ t[ns1 z fully entitl$ to !  
advantages ( a univ]sity z ! cities ov] 
! ,bord]8 ,! "t _h pass$ = imag9+ t     
,ox=d & ,cambridge1 ri* & p[]ful ?\gh !y
 71 c\ld d all t ,engl& legitimately    
requir$ 9 ! way ( ! highe/ academic     
culture4 ,:]e 0 ! evid5ce t ! e/abli%m5t
 ( prov9cial univ]sities w\ld l[] ! tone
 ( high] education1 or t ! creation (   
new av5ues to degrees w\ld injuri\sly   
affect ! reputation ( ^? symbols (      
culture8 ,t 8_m ripe & hopeful wits0    
among ! y\? ( ,man*e/] 7 well qualifi$ =
 & desir\s ( receiv+ univ]sity tra9+1 b 
:o1 = a v>iety ( reasons1 c\ld n g to ! 
old] univ]sities1 0 no less true n[ ?an 
9 ,cromwell's "t4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be    
admitt$1 !re is a great deal 9 ! g5ius  

loci4 ,t _s _h succe$$ 9 develop+ ,john 
,ow5s's f\ndation into a spl5did        
in/itution suit$ to ! local life &      
requirem5ts4 ,!y 9 ,man*e/] knew :at !  
busy ,nor? want$1 b !y 7 n q s sure t ! 
,dons ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge knew x z well
 z !y !mselves did4 ,!y ask$ to be all[$
 to "w out _! own salvation 9 _! own    
way4 ,!y 7 already to all int5ts &      
purposes a univ]sity2 _! /ud5ts 7       
univ]sity /ud5ts 9 age & education1 & _!
 c\rses ( in/ruction 7 fully up to      
univ]sity /&>d1 & _! ye>ly entry w\ld   
comp>e n unfav\rably ) t ( _m           
univ]sities 9 our own & o!r c\ntries4   
,o!r argum5ts 7 adduc$1 possible        
objections 7 anticipat$ & met1 & a /rong
 case 0 e/abli%$4 ,! s5ate1 h[ev]1 mov$ 
cauti\sly4 ,!y proce$$ to collect &     
circulate op9ions on ! propriety ( seek+
 a univ]sity *>t]1 & ev5tually ! matt] 0
 br\ght be=e ! c\rt ( gov]nors1 :o      
appo9t$ a special committee1 on :i*     
,roscoe 0 plac$1 to consid] & report ^u 
! :ole subject4 ,a consid]able numb] (  

p]sons1 heads ( colleges1 univ]sity     
tea*]s1 & o!rs em95t 9 ! educational _w1
 or :o _h id5tifi$ !mselves )           
educational movem5ts1 7 consult$1 & ) ! 
cons5t ( ! writ]s _! replies 7 collect$ 
& di/ribut$ to ! lead+ newspap]s &      
j\rnals ) a view to elicit public       
op9ion4 ,an analysis ( ! g5]al feel+ s  
f> z x c\ld be asc]ta9$ f newspap] & o!r
 criticism 0 made by ,roscoe 9 conc]t ) 
,pr9cipal ,gre5wood & ,pr(essor ,w>d1 & 
laid be=e ! special committee4 ,!       
,liv]pool ,daily ,po/ 0 adv]se to !     
project1 = reasons :i* w appe>          
subsequ5tly4 ,! late ,"l ,%]brooke1 :o1 
z ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,rob]t ,l[e1 at t "t     
repres5t$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 0     
equally condemnatory 9 ! pages ( !      
,=tnightly ,review4 ,b ! prepond]at+    
op9ion 0 und\bt$ly fav\rable4  ,!       
committee report$1 "s six mon?s aft] its
 appo9tm5t1 to a special meet+ ( !      
gov]nors1 :5 x 0 resolv$1 ) practical   
unanimity1 t x 0 exp$i5t to take su*    
/eps z might be calculat$ to promote !  

success ( ! proposal to seek = ! ,ow5s  
,college a *>t] z a univ]sity grant+    
degrees4 ,a memorial 0 pres5t$ to !     
,privy ,c\ncil ?r\gh ! ,"l ,presid5t ( !
 ,c\ncil 7! ,duke ( ,ri*mond & ,gordon71
 pray+ = ! grant ( a *>t] to ! ,college 
conf]r+ ^u x ! rank ( a univ]sity1 to be
 call$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]1 ) p[] to
 grant degrees 9 arts1 sci5ce1 m$ic9e1 &
 law4 ,! memorial 0 influ5tially        
support$ by em95t m51 :o recapitulat$ ! 
argum5ts :i* _h l$ ! gov]nors to _!     
decision2 x 0 fur!r support$ by         
memorials f ! corporations ( ! *ief t[ns
 ( ,lanca%ire 7,liv]pool except$71 & f a
 numb] ( public bodies & educational    
in/itutions 9 ! c\nty4  ,! v success (  
,ow5s ,college z an educational ag5cy 9 
! t[n & di/rict 9 :i* x 0 situat$ 01 = !
 mom5t1 ! cause ( opposition to its     
attempt to obta9 = itself univ]sity     
p[]s4 ,o!r t[ns1 consci\s ( ! b5efit (  
su* in/itutions1 7 seek+ to e/abli%     
colleges ( ! type ( ,ow5s ,college1 &   
:i* x 0 hop$ might ultimately develop   

into univ]sities4 ,le$s _h f\nd$ !      
,york%ire ,college 9 #ahgd4 ,orig9ally  
/>t$ z a sci5ce college1 & ) special    
ref]5ce to ! educational requirem5ts ( !
 indu/ries ( ! di/rict1 its scope _h be5
 rapidly enl>g$ s z to include arts &   
languages4 ,x _h already e/abli%$       
relations ) ! local m$ical s*ool1 & its 
developm5t z a college 0 n v dissimil> f
 t ( ,ow5s prior to ! ext5sion movem5t4 
,at t "t x _h upw>ds ( f\r hundr$       
/ud5ts--regi/]$ occasional1 m$ical1 &   
ev5+--) "s eighte5 pr(essors1           
in/ructors1 & assi/ants1 & an income f  
fees ( ab\t #a1ejj4 ,! gov]n+ body ( !  
,york%ire ,college1 & o!rs int]e/$ 9 its
 progress1 !re=e view$ ) "s appreh5sion 
! e/abli%m5t ( a degree-grant+ body s   
close to its own area4 ,! majority 7 n  
oppos$ to ! creation ( ano!r univ]sity 9
 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 provid$ t ! int]e/s ( 
_! own college 7 safe-gu>d$4 ,!y desir$ 
t ! *>t] ( ! contemplat$ univ]sity might
 be s modifi$ z to admit ( ! inclusion (
 o!r in/itutions ( collegiate rank :i*  

might be able to fulfil ! conditions (  
incorporation z con/itu5t colleges ) a  
def9ite %>e 9 its gov]nm5t4 ,?is1 inde$1
 0 actually contemplat$ by ! promot]s ( 
! ,man*e/] ,univ]sity1 b ! t]ms (       
incorporation 71 9 ! op9ion ( ,york%ire1
 n suffici5tly well def9$1 & !re 7 o!r  
conditions :i* fail$ to satisfy local   
aspirations4 ,! fri5ds ( ! "y ,college 7
 ke5 & active2 ! ,le$s ,press took up _!
 cause1 & public op9ion 9 ! di/rict set 
/rongly 9 _! fav\r4  ,z ! action ( !    
neighb\r+ c\nty 0 successful 9 effect+  
c]ta9 fundam5tal modifications 9 !      
,con/itution ( ! propos$ new ,univ]sity1
 x may be desirable to give "s acc\nt ( 
! orig9 & gr[? ( ! ,york%ire ,college up
 to ! p]iod ) :i* we are n[ conc]n$1 &  
to po9t out ! reasons :i* seem$ to its  
fri5ds to ju/ify _! ef=ts to safegu>d   
its position 9 ! int]e/s ( ! high]      
education ( an indu/rial community h>dly
 less popul\s ?an t ( ,man*e/] & its    
imm$iate vic9ity4     ,,*apt] ,,iv  ,,! 
,,york%ire ,,college   ,! ,york%ire     

,college ( ,sci5ce1 z x 0 fir/ /yl$1 _h 
its orig9 9 ! g5]al movem5t t[>ds a     
full] recognition ( ! duty ( ! community
 9 reg>d to national education1 ( :i* ! 
,education ,act ( #ahgj1 ! ,te*nical    
,in/ruction ,act ( #ahhi1 & ! m         
compreh5sive ,education ,act ( #aijb 7  
at once ! signs & ! practical outcome4  
,! imm$iate cause ( ! creation ( !      
,college may1 h[ev]1 be said to h be5   
f\nd 9 ! ,p>is ,univ]sal ,exhibition (  
#ahfg4 ,"o ( ! report]s ( t exhibition 0
 a well-kn[n ,le$s m]*ant1 ! late ,mr4  
,?omas ,nussey4 ,9 a report 9 vol4 iii (
 ! ,g5]al ,reports1 ,mr4 ,nussey drew   
att5tion to ! great advance t _h be5    
made s9ce ! ,london ,exhibition ( #ahfb 
9 ! quality1 /yle1 & *eapness (         
production ( ! =eign exhibits4 ,:il/ he 
0 ( op9ion t ,great ,brita9 might /ill  
be said to ma9ta9 its pre-em95t position
 9 ! wooll5 indu/ry1 ,le$s & ! ,we/     
,rid+ g5]ally _h fail$ 9 _m classes to  
make ! be/ use ( _! opportunities4 ,he  
proce$$ to po9t out to :at 9 8 judgm5t !

 great advance 9 ! "* ( ! cont95tal     
production 0 due4 ,he says3      ,!re c 
be no d\bt t ! ,fr5*1 ,belgian1 &       
,prussian     manufactur]s are greatly  
indebt$ = _! progress 9 ?is     & _m o!r
 indu/ries to ! v sup]ior te*nical      
education :i* _! manufactur]s & workm5  
obta9 by means     ( ! s*ools in/itut$ =
 special in/ruction1 n only     9       
design1 b 9 ev]y?+ :i* has any relation 
to ea*     p>ticul> manufacture4 ,)\t   
education we _c expect     to h skill$  
workm5 ( ! highe/ class1 & to a fair    
g5]al education mu/ be add$ a special   
tra9+ "u good     ma/]s 9 e bran* (     
trade4 ,! adoption ( simil>     s*ools 9
 ,brita9 w be=e long become a necessity1
 & !     soon] !y are e/abli%$ ! bett]4 
,prompt effect to ^! op9ions 0 giv5 by  
two o!r memb]s ( ! same family 9 a      
pamphlet1 publi%$ 9 ,le$s1 entitl$3 8,a 
,te*nical ,in/itution = ,le$s &         
,di/rict1 propos$ by ,george ,h5ry      
,nussey & ,ar?ur ,nussey4 ,le$s3 ,edw>d 
,ba9es & ,sons1 #ahfg40 ,?is in/itution 

0 av[$ly design$ to s]ve ! int]e/s ( !  
/aple indu/ries ( ! ,we/ ,rid+4 ,its    
projectors =mulat$ a s*eme ( te*nical   
education :i* %\ld 9 ! fir/ place comb9e
 ! exi/+ ,s*ool ( ,art ) a ,s*ool (     
,weav+ & ,design1 & %\ld af=d in/ruction
 9 me*anical eng9e]+2 9 ! manufacture & 
dye+ ( wooll5 & wor/$ goods2 9 weav+ &  
design+2 9 ! manufacture ( l95s1 & (    
lea!r2 9 m9+1 metallurgy1 & build+      
con/ruction4 ,two ye>s lat] !y s\ght to 
give a practical developm5t ( _! ideas  
by e/abli%+ 8,! ,le$s ,art & ,sci5ce    
,in/itute0 9 connection ) ! ,sci5ce &   
,art ,dep>tm5t1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,six     
tea*]s & assi/ants 7 engag$ & ! classes 
7 held 9 ! ev5+s4  ,o!r ag5cies1 h[ev]1 
7 at "w t5d+ to ! same end4 ,!re is a   
small social organization 9 ,le$s :i*   
has exi/$ s9ce #ahdi1 kn[n z !          
,conv]sation ,club1 & :i*1 ) less       
ambiti\s aims1 has play$ mu* ! same "p 9
 ! intellectual life ( ! t[n t ! fam\s  
,lun> ,society did 9 t ( ,birm+ham4 ,9  
?is club ! idea ( an ,educational       

,c\ncil = ,le$s took its rise1 & out (  
?is grew ! ,york%ire ,bo>d ( ,education1
 ( :i* ,"l ,fr$]ick ,cav5di%1 ,m4,p41 0 
,presid5t1 & ,sir ,&rew ,fairbairn1 &   
,dr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,heaton1 an active memb] ( 
! ,conv]sation ,club & ( ! ,educational 
,c\ncil1 7 ,vice-,presid5ts4  ,! "w ( ! 
,bo>d up to ! p]iod ( :i* we write _h   
be5 ma9ly conc]n$ ) ! provision ( sci5ce
 classes & sci5ce tea*]s1 9 connection )
 me*anics' in/itutions work+ 9          
conjunction ) ! ,sci5ce & ,art          
,dep>tm5t4  ,9 #ahfi a meet+ ( ! ,g5]al 
,c\ncil ( ! ,york%ire ,bo>d ( ,education
 0 held at ! ,t[n ,hall1 ,le$s1 ) ,"l   
,fr$]ick ,cav5di% 9 ! *air4 ,x 0 att5d$ 
by repres5tatives ( ! m important       
indu/ries 9 ,york%ire1 z well z by      
p]sons int]e/$ 9 high] education4 ,a    
resolution 0 c>ri$ 8,t 9 ! op9ion ( ?is 
,c\ncil x is desirable t a ,college (   
,sci5ce %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 ,york%ire02 &
 a committee 0 appo9t$ 8to inve/igate1  
consid]1 & propose ! be/ means ( c>ry+  
out ! proposal40 ,memb]s ( ?is committee

 naturally visit$1 9 ! fir/ place1 !    
neighb\r+ ,ow5s ,college1 & ga9$        
valuable in=mation conc]n+ its rise &   
progress & ! nature ( its op]ations1 mu*
 ( :i* 0 embodi$ 9 _! report2 o!rs      
visit$ ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 9 ord]  
to inspect its ,dep>tm5t ( ,appli$      
,sci5ce & ,eng9e]+ ,work%ops4           
,correspond5ce 0 also ent]$ into ) !    
,end[$ ,s*ools ,commission]s1 :o held   
out prospects ( assi/ance = ,exhibitions
 9 ,physical ,sci5ce & 9 ! ,second>y    
,education ( ,girls4  ,! ,committee     
pres5t$ _! report 9 #ahgb4 ,_!          
sugge/ions 7 limit$ by ! probabilities (
 realiz+ !m4 ,too ambiti\s a s*eme w\ld 
ov]rea* itself3 public support w\ld     
probably be det]r$ by ! v magnitude ( ! 
ef=t ne$$ to give effect to x4 ,on ! o!r
 h&1 no attempt w\ld be wor? mak+ unless
 x af=d$ reasonable assurance (         
practical b5efit4 ,aft] full            
consid]ation ! ,committee recomm5d$ !   
e/abli%m5t ( ! foll[+ pr(essor%ips3 7#a7
 ,ma!matics & ,eng9e]+2 7#b7 ,*emi/ry2  

7#c7 ,m9+1 ,metallurgy1 & ,geology2 7#d7
 ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy2 & !y came to !
 conclusion t ! m9imum sum requir$ = a  
beg9n+ 0 #fj1jjj1 :i* !y apportion$ z   
foll[s3 site & build+s1 #be1jjj2        
end[m5t1 9 addition to /ud5ts' fees1    
#be1jjj2 e/abli%m5t exp5ses1 #aj1jjj4   
,! ,c\ncil accept$ ! report1 & at once  
appeal$ = subscriptions4 ,sir ,&rew     
,fairbairn head$ ! li/ ) #a1jjj1 foll[$ 
by l am\nts f ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 ,sir
 ,titus ,salt1 ,b>t41 ,messrs4 ,beckett 
,co41 ! ,l[moor ,iron ,company1 &       
,messrs4 ,h>greave & ,nusseys1 memb]s ( 
:i* firm _h />t$ 8,! ,le$s ,art &       
,sci5ce ,in/itute40 ,! project1 h[ev]1  
made b sl[ progress3 pecuni>y support 0 
difficult to secure1 & ! ,committee 7   
=c$ to realize t if a />t 0 to be made  
some?+ less ?an ! #fj1jjj w\ld h to     
suffice4 ,x 0 !re=e resolv$ to po/pone  
all build+ op]ations &1 :5 a sum (      
#bj1jjj _h be5 rais$1 to make a beg9n+ 9
 tempor>y premises4  ,9 ,april #ahgd x 0
 report$ t ! subscription li/ am\nt$ to 

#be1jjj1 & on ! #cj? ( t mon? a meet+ ( 
! subscrib]s & donors 0 held 9 ,le$s = !
 purpose ( def9+ ! ,con/itution ( !     
propos$ ,college & elect+ a ,bo>d (     
,gov]nors4 ,"l ,fr$]ick ,cav5di%        
presid$1 & ,dr4 ,heaton made a /atem5t  
expla9+ ! progress ( ! movem5t1 & ! /eps
 x 0 propos$ to take 9 ord] =mally to   
con/itute ! ,college4 ,9 addition to !  
am\nt subscrib$1 ! promot]s 7 able to   
ann\nce (f]s ( help 9 money1 z well z 9 
sci5ce exhibitions1 f ! ,end[$ ,s*ools  
,commission]s4 ,! ,clo?work]s' ,company 
( ,london promis$ #ejj a ye> to f\nd a  
,*air ( ,textile ,fabrics4 ,b ,dr4      
,heaton w5t on to rem>k3      ,! "w is  
f> f be+ complet$2 x may be said to be  
only     comm5c+4 ,! gov]n+ body h an   
ardu\s task be=e     !m1 bo? 9 organiz+ 
! ,college & 9 /ill prosecut+     !     
canvass = subscriptions4 #bj1jjj nei!r  
repres5ts !     am\nt to be expect$ f ! 
l>ge & weal?y ,we/ ,rid+     (          
,york%ire1 nor does x approa* to ! am\nt
 necess>y to     give p]man5cy & full   

effici5cy to ! in/itution :i*     we    
desire to e/abli%4 ,al?\gh x is propos$ 
to comm5ce     op]ations 9 a r5t$       
build+1 bo? because our pres5t means    
w\ld n p]mit ( ! pur*ase ( a site &     
erection (     build+s !reon1 & because 
( ! long delay :i* w\ld     be occasion$
 by wait+ = ! completion ( a build+ yet 
to be erect$1 x is mo/ desirable1 inde$ 
ess5tial1 t     ! ,college %\ld         
ultimately possess its own build+s1     
appropriately con/ruct$ & arrang$ =     
c>ry+ on its "w     ) ! greate/         
effici5cy & conv5i5ce4 ,we h (t5     be5
 ask$ if ,gov]nm5t %\ld n assi/ ! "w we 
h     9 h&4 ,cont95tal ,gov]nm5ts d     
provide = sci5tific     tea*+ z appli$  
to indu/ry1 & x might be well if     our
 own ,gov]nm5t did m to promote ?is     
great national     "w4 ,9 ?is c\ntry we 
h always be5 left to d m =     ourselves
 by individual action & by volunt>y     
b5evol5ce2     & our national           
self-reliance & p[]s ( organization &   
practical b5evol5ce are no d\bt /r5g!n$ 

& develop$     by our p be+ left to _!  
own res\rces4 ,b inasmu*     z all are  
int]e/$ directly or indirectly 9 !      
comm]cial     prosp]ity ( ! nation1 ?is 
does seem to be an object     t[>ds :i* 
7:5 x is once comm5c$ by private        
ex]tions7     "s assi/ance & enc\ragem5t
 by ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld be     peculi>ly   
appropriate4  ,9 ! e>ly autumn ( #ahgd !
 ,c\ncil proce$$ to appo9t ! fir/       
pr(essors ( ! ,college4 ,! committee :i*
 drew up ! s*eme ( in/ruction _h        
recomm5d$ ! inclusion ( ! subject (     
,eng9e]+1 ) :i* %\ld be associat$ !     
tea*+ ( ,ma!matics by ! same pr(essor4  
,h[ev] desirable x might be to make     
provision = in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples (  
,eng9e]+--especially 9 ,me*anical       
,eng9e]+1 9 view ( its be>+ ^u "o ( !   
mo/ important indu/ries ( ! t[n &       
di/rict--! ,c\ncil1 = v>i\s reasons1 7  
unable to give imm$iate effect to ?is   
p>ticul> recomm5dation4 ,! subject (    
,me*anical ,eng9e]+1 to be prop]ly      
taught1 requires ! provision ( work%ops1

 laboratories1 & an in/allation ( co/ly 
plant4 ,ev5 if ! limit$ res\rces ( !    
,college _h be5 suffici5t at ! "t to    
make ! mo/ mode/ ( beg9n+s1 ! tempor>y  
premises :i* _h be5 leas$ w\ld h be5    
unsuitable = ! purpose4 ,accord+ly !    
au?orities1 ) t *>act]i/ic ,york%ire    
caution :i* takes no?+ on tru/1 goes no 
fur!r ?an x c pla9ly see--nor1 9 !      
common phrase1 puts out its h& fur!r ?an
 x c draw x back aga9--decid$ to limit  
_! appo9tm5ts1 to beg9 )1 to            
,pr(essor%ips ( 7#a7 ,exp]im5tal        
,physics 7) :i* !y associat$            
,ma!matics72 7#b7 ,geology & ,m9+2 7#c7 
,*emi/ry4 ,to ! fir/ ,*air !y elect$ !  
late ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,rck]1 ,fell[ (       
,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d1 & a          
,demon/rator 9 ! ,cl>5don               
,laboratory--aft]w>ds ,sir ,ar?ur ,rck]1
 ,sec4 ,r4,s41 ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ! 
,royal ,college ( ,sci5ce1 ,london1 &   
subsequ5tly ,pr9cipal ( ! reorganiz$    
,univ]sity ( ,london4 ,to ! second !y   
appo9t$ ! late ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,gre51 =m]ly

 ,fell[ ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1  
,cambridge1 & a di/+ui%$ memb] ( !      
,geological ,survey1 :o subsequ5tly     
became ,pr(essor ( ,geology 9 !         
,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,= ! ?ird appo9tm5t 
! ,c\ncil select$ ! pres5t writ]1 :o _h 
be5 a pupil1 assi/ant1 & demon/rator "u 
! subject ( ?is memoir at ,ow5s         
,college1 & :o1 prior to 8 selection1 _h
 held ! ,*air ( ,*emi/ry 9 ,&]son's     
,college1 ,glasg[1 n[ m]g$ into !       
spl5didly end[$ & equipp$ ,royal        
,te*nical ,college4  ,! premises 9 :i* !
 ,college 0 fir/ h\s$ consi/$ ( a disus$
 ,bankruptcy ,c\rt situat$ 9 ,cookridge 
,/reet1 "o ( ! ma9 ?or\ghf>es lead+ out 
( ! t[n4 ,aft] a some:at *equ]$ c>e] !  
build+ _h be5 p>tially us$ z a s*ool (  
cook]y1 ) ! un=tunate result t x _h be5 
l>gely consum$ by a fire j prior to be+ 
tak5 ov] by ! ,college au?orities4      
,al?\gh n s spaci\s z ,ri*>d ,cobd5's   
old h\se 9 ,quay ,/reet1 ,man*e/]1 9 :i*
 ,ow5s ,college fir/ />t$1 ! ,le$s      
build+1 9 "s respects1 0 n ill-adapt$ to

 ! purposes ( ! limit$ pr(essoriate )   
:i* ! ,york%ire ,college ( ,sci5ce began
 its op]ations4 ,at all ev5ts1 x        
accommodat$ )\t ! slighte/ difficulty   
all ! /ud5ts :o s\ght admission to its  
classes on its op5+ day4  ,! ,college   
began its "w ( tea*+ on ,octob] #bf1    
#ahgd--some:at lat] ?an ! normal "t (   
op5+ a session--ow+ to delays 9 complet+
 ! necess>y /ructural re>rangem5ts4 ,b z
 !re 0 no ye>n+ anxiety on ! "p (       
anybody to le>n1 no special inconv5i5ce 
or disappo9tm5t result$4 ,!re 0 no      
prelim9>y fl\ri% ( trumpets2 h>dly s mu*
 z an op5+ spee*4 ,! initial c]emony 0 z
 simple z ! appo9tm5ts ( ! ,college 7   
mode/4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree pr(essors 9 turn   
gave an introductory lecture to an      
audi5ce consi/+ ( ! memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil &
 su* ( ! fri5ds ( ! embryo in/itution z 
c>$ to att5d4 ,"s enc\rag+ rem>ks 7 made
 by ! ,*airman1 & s ! ,college 0 laun*$4
 ,b = a "t ! /ud5ts 7 few & _! adv5t z  
f> betwe5 z ! visits ( angels4  ,/ill1 z
 ! session progress$ & ! exi/5ce ( !    

place became gradually kn[n ! numb]s    
sl[ly crept up1 & by ! end ( ! summ] t]m
 !y _h rea*$ tw5ty-f\r & ! /ud5ts' fees 
_h am\nt$ to ab\t #aej4 ,! au?orities n[
 det]m9$ to op5 ! next session ) an     
,inauguration ,c]emony4 ,octob] #f1     
#ahge1 is a r$-lett] day 9 ! hi/ory ( ! 
,college1 = on t date "o ( ! mo/ notable
 & helpful ga!r+s ev] held 9 hon\r ( !  
,college took place4 ,! proce$+s began  
at noon1 :5 ! ,college build+s 7        
inspect$ by a specially invit$ company2 
!reaft] !re 0 ! inevitable public       
lun*eon & 9 ! ev5+ a g5]al meet+ 9 !    
,t[n ,hall4 ,on ea* occasion ! ,duke (  
,devon%ire 0 9 ! *air4 ,at ! ,college   
meet+ ,"l ,fr$]ick ,cav5di%1 its        
,presid5t1 gave a %ort acc\nt ( its     
orig9 & aims4 ,!y 7 !re1 he said1 to    
take c>e t !y did n ?r\gh ignorance wa/e
 ! natural weal? ( ! c\nty1 or /ay !    
fur!r developm5t ( ! natural qualities (
 its p4 ,weal?1 h[ev]1 0 n mu* 9 itself 
b only z a means4 ,7 !y q c]ta9 t 9 !   
great weal?y indu/rial ,nor? !y _h made 

! same progress 9 intellectual culture &
 ref9em5t z !y _h 9 weal?8 ,he po9t$ to 
! example ( ,ow5s ,college3 inspir$ by t
 ,college1 !y w\ld try 9 ,york%ire if !y
 c\ld n d some?+ ( ! same sort4  ,at !  
lun*eon simil> s5tim5ts 7 utt]$ by !    
,dean ( ,durham1 ! ,m>quess ( ,ripon1   
,canon ,rob9son1 ,sir ,edw>d ,ba9es1 &  
,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,=/]4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 at !    
ev5+ meet+ t ! real success ( ! day 0   
a*iev$4 ,! ,victoria ,hall 0 fill$ ) a  
typical ,york%ire cr[d--al]t1 receptive1
 ke5ly int]e/$1 alt]nately critical &   
tol]ant1 yet ready to be sway$ by ^? :o 
knew h[ to rea* _! intellig5ce & r\se _!
 en?usiasm4 ,! ,duke ( ,devon%ire op5$ !
 proce$+s ) a dignifi$ & impressive     
address1 wor?y ( 8 high position z      
,*ancellor ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge &
 z ,presid5t ( ! ,college 9 ! neighb\r+ 
city ( ,man*e/]4 ,he gave a broad &     
compreh5sive acc\nt ( ! g5]al /ate (    
educational activity 9 ! c\ntry &       
indicat$ ! directions 9 :i* x 0 t5d+4   
,he po9t$ to ! creation ( in/itutions = 

second>y & high] education 9 our l>ge   
c5tres ( indu/ry z a sign t ! c\ntry 0  
awak5+ to ! fact t all our great bran*es
 ( indu/ry 7 f\nd$ on a sci5tific basis4
 ,al?\gh ! education--h[ev] indisp5sable
 x might be--( ! eye & ! h& c\ld only be
 acquir$ by actual practice1 x c\ld be  
no?+ %ort ( prejudice to d5y t !        
education ( ! intellect 0 also a matt] (
 prim>y importance4 ,! ,duke affect$ no 
flights ( eloqu5ce4 ,8 diction 0 simple 
& unaffect$1 & a ve9 ( /rong1 practical 
common s5se ran ?r\gh ! :ole ( 8 rem>ks4
 ,8 pres5ce 0 n unfamili> to a ,le$s    
audi5ce1 b !y nev] he>d him to great]   
effect1 or1 x may be add$1 at great]    
l5g?4 ,8 spee* 0 said to be ! longe/ he 
_h ev] made4  ,! late ,"l ,playfair1 :o 
z ,dr4 ,lyon ,playfair !n repres5t$ a   
,le$s con/itu5cy1 foll[$ on ! same !me4 
,he recall$ ! fact t m ?an a g5]ation _h
 pass$ s9ce /&+ on a ,le$s plat=m he _h 
act$ z int]pret] to 8 fri5d ,liebig 9   
w>n+ 8 audi5ce n to pride itself too mu*
 ^u its indu/rial a*ievem5ts1 expla9+ h[

 impossible x 0 = ,engl& p]man5tly to   
pres]ve h] manufactur+ supremacy among  
nations1 unless %e be/[$ m att5tion ^u !
 sci5ces :i* =m$ ! gr\ndwork ( h]       
indu/ries4 ,!n1 9 "o ( ^? hortatory     
disc\rses ) :i* he occasionally a/oni%$ 
& delight$ an ill-in=m$ ,h\se (         
,commons1 he p\r$ =? a weal? ( facts 9  
illu/ration ( ! movem5t 9 ! indu/rial _w
 :i* _h r5d]$ ^! mod]n colleges an      
imp]ative necessity4      ,=eign nations
 _h se5 t _! only *ance ( comp5sat+     
!mselves = our advantages 9 ! mat]ials (
 p[] &     /r5g? 0 to excel u 9 !       
intellig5ce & intellect     appli$ to _!
 use 9 production4 ,!y saw cle>ly t     
z new =ces & _! application 7 br\ght to 
aid     indu/rial production1 human     
lab\r 0 reliev$ f mu* (     its drudg]y1
 & t ! conceptions ( ! bra9 became m    
important ?an ! sweat ( ! br[4 ,look to 
,switz]l&1     z an example 9 po9t4 ,%e 
has no coal1 & no seabo>d by     :i* %e 
c introduce x4 ,sep>at$ f o!r c\ntries  
by ice-clad m\nta9s1 & hemm$ 9 by ho/ile

 t>iffs1 %e     /ill becomes an         
indu/rial nation4 ,:at has l$ to h]     
great     indu/rial indu/ry8 ,n h]      
wat]-p[]1 = t %e is     only beg9n+ to  
use effectively1 b simply ! educat$     
intellig5ce ( h] :ole population4       
,valleys 9 :i* a few     ye>s ago y only
 he>d ! t9kl+ ( ! bells ( cattle z      
!y /ray$ ?r\gh ! pa/ures are n[ busy )  
turkey-r$     works & calico pr9t works4
 ,our manufactur]s %ake _!     heads    
sagaci\sly1 & say1 8,?is is because !   
air & wat]     ( ,switz]l& are s well   
adapt$ = col\rs40 ,b ! true             
explanation is conta9$ 9 ! answ] (      
,opie1 ! celebrat$     pa9t]1 :o be+    
ask$ by an ambiti\s y\? h[ he mix$ 8    
col\rs1 repli$ 8,i mix !m ) my bra9s1   
sir40      ,e "p ( public education 9   
,switz]l& is well     co-ord9at$ &      
organiz$4 ,at ,zuri*1 9 addition to a   
univ]sity = g5]al culture1 !re is a     
te*nical college     l>g] ?an ,buck+ham 
,palace4 ,& s ,switz]l& laughs at       
c\ntries :i* look to raw mat]ials z !   

s\rce ( _!     weal?1 & imports cotton f
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 tobacco f     ,havana1
 silk f ,italy1 & s5ds back to ^! v     
m>kets     h] f9i%$ products4 ,aga91    
look at ,holl&1 :i* is a     reclaim$   
swamp1 conta9+ no m9]al mat]ials =      
indu/ry1     except 9 a small pat* at   
,limburg4 ,%e also comp5sates =     _!  
abs5ce by increas+ ! intellectual factor
 9 lab\r4     ,e t[n ( #aj1jjj          
inhabitants has its te*nical s*ool1     
support$ by ! municipalities4 ,look at  
,g]many1 :i*1     ?\gh x does possess   
valuable raw mat]ials1 cultivates )     
assiduity ! intellectual factor (       
production4 ,9 w> &     9 peace h]      
population is able to be us$ to !       
greate/     advantage4 ,europe has      
sc>cely yet recov]$ f its amazem5t      
at ! sudd5 developm5t ( t empire1 ?\gh x
 _h be5     lay+ ! f\ndation = its      
prosp]ity 9 ! educational               
organization :i* %e gave h]self :5 ! w>s
 ( ,napoleon     taught h] ! s\rces ( h]
 weakness4 ,n[1 surely we %\ld     n    

close our eyes1 9 insul> pride1 to !    
means tak5 by     o!r c\ntries to       
increase _! productive res\rces4 ,france
     fully admits t h] rec5t calamities 
7 l>gely due to a     want ( enlight5m5t
 ( h] p4 ,%e is /ill f> ahead (     u 9 
te*nical in/itutions1 b h] g5]al &      
univ]sity     education are v defici5t4 
,if y desire an example ( a     c\ntry  
:i* _c progress because ( ! ignorance ( 
h] p1 look at ,spa94 ,:5 ! ,duke ,/4    
,simon1 once     ,fr5* ,m9i/] !re1 said1
 8,sci5ce 9 ,spa9 is a crime &          
ignorance a virtue10 he expla9$ 9 "o    
s5t5ce ! cause (     h] mis=tunes4 ,a   
f]tile c\ntry1 wa%$ by two great oceans1
     ab\nd+ 9 coal1 iron1 copp]1 &      
quicksilv]1 is unable to     ?rive      
because h] p are ignorant4  ,! speak] !n
 turn$ to ! case ( ! in/itution ^: =mal 
inauguration _h be5 ! occasion ( 8      
address1 & he proce$$1 z a practical    
educationi/1 to give x & its projectors 
"s advice4      ,su* colleges are likely
 to receive little support until !      

middle-class s*ools und]/& _! duty to   
,society by     mak+ ,sci5ce "p ( !     
effective in/ruction ( y\?4 ,a     port 
con/ruct$ = ! reception ( %ips1 be=e !  
%ips     !mselves are built1 has a dre>y
 "t to wait = _!     arrival1 & s !     
manag]s ( ! new ,college mu/ n be       
disc\rag$ because x does n gr[ quickly4 
,nor did he ?9k x w\ld be wise1 at lea/ 
9 its infancy1 to give to ! ,college too
 mu* ( a te*nical "*4      ,tea* sci5ce 
well to ! s*ol>s1 & !y w make !         
applications = !mselves4 ,good food     
becomes assimilat$     to its sev]al    
purposes by dige/ion4 ,epictetus us$ to 
say     t ?\gh y fe$ %eep on grass1 x is
 n grass1 b wool     :i* gr[s ^u _!     
backs4 ,:at ! ,college %\ld aim at      
is to increase ! sci5ce & intellig5ce ( 
! community1     & n to tea* indu/ries  
:i* !y "k a great deal     bett] ?an !  
pr(essors4 ,! new ,college is only !    
local     expression ( a g5]al movem5t =
 high] education4 ,t     movem5t has no 
d\bt receiv$ its prim>y impulse f !     

conviction t our indu/rial population   
ought to be educat$     9 ! pr9ciples   
:i* und]lie _! occupations4 ,b !        
object is high] ?an ?is4 ,!re is a      
desire to spread culture     ?r\gh\t !  
c\ntry1 & n to conc5trate x 9 "o or two 
fav\r$ localities4 ,! old] ,univ]sities 
are beg9n+ to     recognize ?is fact4   
,cambridge _h made ! bold exp]im5t (    
try+ :e!r1 if ! y\? ( ! prov9ces w\ld n 
g to     h]1 !y w\ld receive educational
 mission>ies s5t to !m4     ,! old]     
,univ]sities c\ld d mu* f _! weal? &    
educational res\rces4 ,!y c\ld easily   
spread enlight5m5t     ov] ,engl& if !y 
7 e>ne/ 9 ! "w4      ,no d\bt our       
manufactur+ & comm]cial classes require 
to be mell[$ by culture1 b our          
,univ]sities mu/ adapt     t culture to 
! wants & sp>e "t ( busy communities4   
,!y _c get hold ( our great indu/rial   
c5tres 9 any     p]man5t way unless !y  
raise !m 9 self-respect &     dignity by
 giv+ !m an intellectual und]/&+ ( _!   
vocations1 & ^u t und]/&+ !y may engraft

 z mu*     polite lit]ature z !y c4 ,a  
college ( sci5ce1 su* z     we are      
inaugurat+ to-day1 is admirable 9       
itself1 b x is     n complete4 ,p]haps x
 ev5 focuses ! light too /rongly     on 
a p>ticul> spot1 & = ?is reason x       
int5sifies !     d>kness ar\nd4 ,its    
directors are too enlight5$ m5 n to     
see ?is1 & ,i am sure !y w aid 9 !      
co-ord9ation     ( y\r o!r educational  
res\rces4 ,! ultimate effect (     ?is  
may be t y may evolve a wid] & m        
compreh5sive     college = high]        
education4 ,i look to t "t ) hope1     =
 diff]5tiation ( our colleges w be ! be/
 ?+ =     le>n+ & = vig\r ( intellect4  
,ea* great prov9cial     t[n %\ld h a   
college z a c5tre ( intellig5ce1 ea* a  
sun capable ( w>m+ & illum9at+ a region 
ar\nd x1 n     m]ely a moon to ca/ pale 
& cold beams z a reflection f     a     
di/ant lum9>y4  ,subsequ5t speak]s1 9 s 
f> z !y w5t ov] ! same gr\nd1 m]ely     
pl\gh$ ) ,dr4 ,playfair's heif]4 ,!     
,m>quess ( ,ripon 0 n disc\rag$ by !    

small beg9n+s ( ! und]tak+4 ,all !      
exp]i5ces ( ! pa/ %[$ t ^? in/itutions  
:i* _h tak5 ! deepe/ root1 & :i* _h     
fl\ri%$ ! longe/ & wield$ ultimately !  
mo/ ext5sive influ5ce1 _h sprung f small
 beg9n+s4 ,our anci5t univ]sities _h    
ma9ly sprung f individual ef=t1 & f     
private end[m5t4 ,we 7 n less weal?y ?an
 our ance/ors :o f\nd$ !m4 ,surely we   
c\ld d n[ :at !y did be=e u4 ,he tru/$ t
 !re 0 n to be any d\bt z to ! future ( 
?is in/itution4 ,we 7 told t its manag]s
 _h act$ to a great ext5t ^u fai?2 t !y 
_h be5 do+ _! "w p>tly out ( capital 9 !
 confid5ce t t capital w\ld be repaid !m
 by ! good s5se & g5]osity ( _!         
c\ntrym54  ,( all ^? :o foll[$1 & :o    
plead$ ! cause ( ! ,college1 none 0     
receiv$ ) great] he>t9ess & en?usiasm   
?an ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,=/]1 & !re 0 none ^:  
spee* _h a deep] or m g5u9e note (      
sympa?y & enc\ragem5t4 ,!re 7 p]haps    
special reasons = ! w>m? ( ! welcome )  
:i* he 0 greet$4 ,! political           
circum/ances ( ! "t 7 peculi>1 & ,mr4   

,=/] 0 kn[n to be ! undes]v$ victim (   
!m4 ,! ,lib]al p>ty 0 !n 9 opposition1 &
 ,mr4 ,glad/one e>li] 9 ! ye> _h sudd5ly
 ?r[n up 8 position z its lead]4 ,public
 op9ion _h designat$ ,mr4 ,=/] z "o ( ! 
two or ?ree politicians ( em95ce :o     
might fitly be reg>d$ z 8 successor4 ,b 
a consid]able section ( ! ,noncon=mi/   
,radicals nev] =gave ,mr4 ,=/] = 8      
action--or :at !y suppos$ to be 8 sole  
action--respect+ ! religi\s "q 9 !      
,education ,act ( #ahgj4 ,l$ by !       
,birm+ham ,league1 !y 7 det]m9$ to make 
8 selection z ! p>ty lead] impossible4  
,! ,league p>ty 9 8 own con/itu5cy (    
,brad=d pass$ a resolution ho/ile to 8  
claims4 ,ev5tually1 r ?an divide !      
,lib]al p>ty1 ,mr4 ,=/] )drew f !       
conte/1 & ,"l ,h>t+ton1 :om all sections
 7 will+ to foll[1 0 *os54 ,^!          
circum/ances 7 well kn[n to ev]ybody 9 t
 l>ge audi5ce1 & mo/ mod]ate-m9d$ m5 9 x
 _h ! fulle/ sympa?y ) :at ,mr4         
,glad/one call$ 8! ?or\ghly g5u9e &     
indep5d5t "*0 ^: natural ambition z a   

/atesman _h be5 s rudely *eck$ by !     
sect>ian ranc\r ( political allies4 ,?is
 0 8 rew>d = ! wise & /atesmanlike      
measure ( #ahgj--"o ( ! f9e/ a*ievem5ts 
to ! cr$it ( ! ,lib]al p>ty4  ,z he     
/epp$ to ! front ( ! plat=m to make 8   
contribution to ! cause ( ! ,college he 
0 receiv$ ) r\nd aft] r\nd ( applause1 &
 = "s m9utes he 0 unable to proce$4 ,m5 
in/9ctively recogniz$ t ! ef=t = :i* he 
plead$ 0 b ano!r l9k 9 ! educational *a9
 :i* he _h done s mu* to =ge--! ,end[$  
,s*ools ,act ( #ahfi & ! great          
,education ,act ( #ahgj4 ,8 0 b a %ort  
spee*1 b ea* /rong1 vigor\s utt]ance w5t
 home4 ,! ,college 0 to be z its "n     
impli$--a c\nty in/itution--n m]ely ( ! 
t[n 9 :i* x happ5$ to be situat$4 ,!y   
might z well at once ackn[l$ge t ! call 
:i* _h be5 made by civilization ^u      
civiliz$ p _h n be5 s mu* respond$ to by
 ,engl& z x _h be5 9 "s o!r c\ntries4 ,b
 !y _h awoke to ! fact t a call 0 made  
^u !m4 ,!y _h a habit ( be+ late1 b n   
too late4  ,?is demon/ration _h an      

imm$iate effect ^u ! =tunes ( !         
,college4 ,"o practical result 0 a      
consid]able increase 9 f9ancial support4
 ,"s ( ^? :o _h already giv51 gave      
l>gely aga92 & _m additional subscrib]s 
came =w>d4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! ,college 0    
made kn[n ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( !   
c\nty4 ,! ,inaugural ,c]emony met ) a   
spl5did 8press40 ,"o ( ! mo/ gratify+   
features 0 ! 8uplift+0 tone ( ! spee*es3
 speak] aft] speak] po9t$ out :at %\ld  
be ! true "* ( ! in/itution3 x 0 n to be
 a m]e ,trade ,s*ool--n simply a        
,te*nical ,college b a c5tre ( lib]al   
culture & ( high] education1 conta9+ )9 
x ! pot5tiality ( a ,univ]sity          
discipl9e4  ,to ^? :o _h e>s to he>1 &  
an imag9ation to conceive1 ! future ( ! 
,college 0 pla9ly indicat$ )9 ! fir/    
twelve mon?s ( its exi/5ce4 ,x 0 ?is    
aspect ( its de/9y t appeal$ s /rongly  
to t em95t j\rnali/ & man ( lett]s1 !   
late ,sir ,wemyss ,reid1 at t "t edit+ !
 ,le$s ,m]cury1 & to :i* he gave        
emphatic expression 9 ^? =cible lead]s s

 *>act]i/ic ( 8 p54 ,s long z he rema9$ 
9 ,le$s1 ,reid prov$ a /aun* fri5d ( !  
,college & 0 ev] ready to d :at he c\ld 
= its welf>e4 ,nor 0 ! educational press
 9 g5]al at all backw>d 9 ext5d+ a      
welcome to ! infant in/itution3 c]ta9   
memb]s ( ! tea*+ /aff did yeoman s]vice 
9 enli/+ its int]e/ & sympa?y4  ,!      
result ( ?is organiz$ ef=t1 9 :i* all   
conc]n$--memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil1 (fic]s1    
tea*]s--work$ ) en?usiasm & unanimity1 0
 se5 9 ! record ( ! subsequ5t session's 
"w4  ,f ?is "t onw>d ! successive       
,annual ,reports ( ! ,college con/itute 
an unbrok5 /ory ( cont9u$ developm5t4 ,x
 0 n1 ( c\rse1 surpris+ly rapid1 b x 0  
/eady & cont9u\s4 ,! progress ( !       
in/itution 0 g5]al2 x 0 to be measur$ by
 ! gradual increase 9 ! numb] ( its     
tea*]s1 9 ! "* & range ( _! subjects1 & 
9 ! sessional entry ( ! /ud5ts4 ,x is1  
p]haps1 significant ( ! *ange t a qu>t] 
( a c5tury _h made 9 ! attitude ( !     
middle class t[>ds educational matt]s t 
! gr[? ( ! ,york%ire ,college1 dur+ its 

e>ly ye>s1 %\ld h be5 relatively f>     
great] ?an t ( ,ow5s ,college at !      
correspond+ p]iod ( its exi/5ce4 ,b !re 
may h be5 o!r factors to acc\nt =1 or at
 lea/ to increase1 ! diff]5ce4 ,!       
g5]ally ackn[l$g$ success to :i* !      
,man*e/] f\ndation _h atta9$ at ! "t ( !
 e/abli%m5t ( ! ,le$s ,college may h    
be51 & probably 01 by ! =ce ( example & 
desire ( emulation1 a pot5t contributory
 cause4  ,! c\rses ( /udy at ,ow5s      
,college1 s f> z circum/ances & its     
means w\ld p]mit1 7 av[$ly bas$1 at !   
outset1 on ! examples ( ! old]          
,univ]sities4 ,! little reg>d t 0 !n    
paid to ,sci5ce by ! ,tru/ees 0 indicat$
 by ! small /ip5d t 0 atta*$ to ! sci5ce
 *airs z comp>$ ) ^? on humanity        
subjects4 ,!re 0 no g5]al recognition1  
ev5 9 ! home ( ,dalton1 ( ! b5efic5t "p 
t sci5ce 0 able to play 9 ! indu/rial   
life ( ! di/rict4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !       
,york%ire ,college />t$ :olly           
untrammell$ by ! traditions ( anci5t    
seats ( le>n+1 & its c\nsels 7 only     

remotely influ5c$ by ^? :o _h be5 nurs$ 
9 !m4 ,z its orig9al designation impli$1
 its projectors cle>ly recogniz$ ! value
 ( sci5ce 9 relation to indu/ry4 ,!y    
f\nd$ ! ,college1 inde$1 9 ! /r5g? ( _! 
conviction4 ,!y began1 9 fact1 at a po9t
 to :i* ,ow5s ,college _h arriv$ :5     
,roscoe made 8 influ5ce felt ^u its     
policy4  ,x _c be said1 h[ev]1 t !      
educational aims ( ! gov]n+ body ( !    
,le$s in/itution to beg9 ) 7 v %>ply    
def9$2 nor 0 ! action ( ! ,c\ncil always
 consi/5t4 ,?is 01 p]haps1 inevitable 9 
a body :i* conta9$ no pr(ess$           
educationi/s4 ,mo/ ( its memb]s _h      
ev]y?+ to le>n ( ! te*nique ( education1
 &1 z is n unkn[n 9 ! hi/ory ( simil>   
in/itutions1 x 0 "s "t be=e ! ,c\ncil   
c\ld be induc$ to adopt =mal means (    
avail+ !mselves ( ! k & exp]i5ce ( !    
academic elem5t !y s\ght to direct4 ,at 
! outset !re 0 no cle> appreh5sion by !m
 ( ! l9es ^u :i* ! ,college %\ld        
develop4  ,!re 7 two di/9ct p>ties 9 !  
,c\ncil1 & _! views occasionally        

conflict$4 ,! ,college _h be5 o/5sibly  
f\nd$ to s]ve ! indu/rial int]e/s ( !   
di/rict1 & ! support ( _m ( its weal?y  
manufactur]s _h be5 enli/$ solely on t  
gr\nd4 ,?is fact l$ a c]ta9 section ( ! 
,c\ncil to attempt to impress ^u !      
,college ! "* ( an in/itute ( te*nology4
 ,:il/ !y 7 will+ en\gh to ext5d its    
sci5ce side s long z x bore directly ^u 
indu/rial ne$s1 !y _h b little sympa?y )
 ! lit] humaniores1 & all attempts to   
include su* subjects 7 view$ ) disfav\r 
z a dep>ture f ! orig9al int5tions ( !  
projectors4 ,b ! majority ( ! ,c\ncil   
soon came to h a high] conception ( !   
true functions ( ! "y in/itution1 & x 0 
only ! limitations ( _! means--_! pov]ty
 & n _! w--t prev5t$ !m f attempt+ to   
realize _! ideals4 ,to ?is section !    
example ( ,ow5s ,college 01 )\t d\bt1 a 
con/ant /imulus4 ,x s]v$ ev5tually to   
direct ! ,college ^u ! l9es ^u :i* x    
ultimately develop$4 ,b = a "t ?is      
div]sity ( aim on ! "p ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! 
,college made itself manife/ ) ea*      

attempt to enl>ge its curriculum4       
,=tunately ! pr(essoriate 0 ( "o m9d on 
?is "q1 & _! unanimity 0 n )\t influ5ce 
on ! policy ( ! ,college4 ,!y recogniz$1
 ( c\rse1 t !re is no necess>y          
antagonism betwe5 ! two aims4 ,bo? %\ld 
be develop$ p>i passu3 t is a condition 
dem&$ by mod]n necessities4 ,x is !     
ess5tial & *>act]i/ic feature ( ! high] 
education ( ! pres5t "t4 ,! difficulty 0
 to give practical effect to ^! views "u
 ! re/rictions impos$ by ! f9ancial     
circum/ances ( ! ,college4 ,b ! fact t !
 ,/aff held !m & n only gave expression 
to !m1 b s\ght to realize !m s f> z lay 
9 _! limit$ p[] secur$ = ! ,pr(essors ! 
appreciation & confid5ce ( ! gov]n+     
body1 & ultimately obta9$ = !m a        
responsible %>e 9 its c\nsels4  ,9 !    
fir/ few ye>s ( its exi/5ce sev]al      
circum/ances conspir$ to enhance !      
public reputation ( ! ,college & to     
consolidate its position4 ,9 its second 
session ! tea*+ /aff receiv$ a great    
accession to its /r5g? by ! appo9tm5t ( 

,mr4 ,l\is ,c4 ,miall z ,lectur] 91 &   
aft]w>ds z ,pr(essor ( ,biology4 ,mr4   
,miall _h already e/abli%$ a reputation 
z a man ( sci5ce1 z an able & attractive
 lectur] & a s\nd & exp]i5c$ tea*]4 ,he 
br\ght to ! aid ( 8 colleagues a wise   
judgm5t & a k ( local conditions :i* "u 
! special circum/ances prov$ mo/        
helpful4 ,8 appo9tm5t at ?is p]iod 0 n  
)\t its significance z an indication ( !
 broad & lib]al views :i* ! majority ( !
 ,c\ncil ent]ta9$ z to ! scope &        
functions ( ! ,college4 ,x 0 a wise     
policy to atta* to its =tunes all :o    
c\ld 9 any way s]ve its true int]e/s1   
:e!r 9 tea*+1 9 enli/+ public sympa?y1  
or 9 ! managem5t ( its affairs4  ,at !  
beg9n+ ( ! foll[+ session 7#ahgf7 !     
pr(essors1 :o _h n[ =m$ !mselves into an
 ,academic ,bo>d hold+ regul> meet+s 9  
ord] to discuss ! educational affairs ( 
! ,college1 address$ a memor&um to !    
,c\ncil invit+ !m to consid] !          
advisability ( ext5d+ ! curriculum s z  
to include ,lit]ature & ,classics4 ,!y  

po9t$ out t !y _h frequ5t applications f
 /ud5ts = advice z to obta9+ ! degrees (
 ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 or z to comply+
 ) ! requirem5ts = op5 sci5ce s*ol>%ips 
at ! o!r ,univ]sities1 b t1 z at pres5t 
con/itut$1 ! ,college 0 unable to af=d !
 necess>y facilities4 ,!y 7 ( op9ion t  
if ! ,college 7 9 a position to enable !
 /ud5ts to obta9 ! sci5ce degrees ( !   
,univ]sity ( ,london its usefulness w\ld
 be consid]ably increas$1 & ! wid]      
curriculum might be expect$ to result 9 
an augm5tation ( ! ye>ly entry4 ,!      
,c\ncil1 on ! :ole1 7 n indispos$ to    
consid] ! sugge/ion b5evol5tly1 b !y    
regrett$ !y 7 unable to take any action 
f lack ( funds4 ,! matt]1 h[ev]1 0 n    
all[$ to drop4 ,at t "t ,mr4 ,/u>t & 8  
syndicate at ,cambridge 7 busy 9 _!     
attempts to spread culture among ! hives
 ( indu/ry1 & _! mission>ies 7 at "w 9  
,le$s "u ! auspices ( a committee ( :i* 
! late ,bi%op ( ,truro 7,dr4 ,gott71 !n 
,vic> ( ,le$s1 & ! late ,sir ,edw>d     
,ba9es1 "o ( ! true/ & mo/ zeal\s fri5ds

 ! ,college ev] possess$1 7 active      
memb]s4 ,^! g5tlem5 approa*$ ! gov]n+   
body ) a view ( asc]ta9+ :e!r "s        
arrangem5t might n be possible :]eby !  
"w initiat$ by ! ,univ]sity ,ext5sion   
,movem5t c\ld be conduct$ by ! ,college 
9 a m sy/ematic & p]man5t mann] ?an     
hi!rto1 & !y und]took on behalf ( !     
,committee to be responsible1 = a t]m ( 
ye>s1 = a consid]able proportion ( !    
money t w\ld be requir$ to give effect  
to ! sugge/ion4 ,! result ( !           
negotiation 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*airs (   
,classical ,lit]ature & ,hi/ory1 &      
,mod]n ,lit]ature & ,hi/ory1 :i* 7      
fill$1 respectively1 by ! appo9tm5t (   
,pr(essor ,john ,m>%all1 ,m4,a41 (      
,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d1 aft]w>ds      
,rector ( ! ,high ,s*ool1 ,ed9burgh1 a  
di/+ui%$ classic1 & au?or ( an ,engli%  
r5d]+ ( ! 8,odes & ,epodes ( ,horace10  
8,x5ophon ,memorabilia10 & o!r works2 & 
,pr(essor ,f4 ,s4 ,pull+1 ,b4,a4        
7,oxon74 ,?is enl>gem5t ( ! educational 
"w ( ! ,college necessitat$ a slight b  

significant *ange 9 its designation3    
h5ce=w>d x became kn[n simply z !       
,york%ire ,college until x 0 rais$ to ! 
rank ( a univ]sity1 :5 x took ! "n ( !  
t[n 9 :i* x 0 situat$4  ,! executive ( !
 ,college n[ publicly express$ _!       
conviction t !re is no good reason aga9/
 gr\p+ 9 "o in/itution ! /udies belong+ 
to lib]al culture1 & sy/ematic          
in/ruction 9 sci5tific & arti/ic        
pr9ciples & me?ods z appli$ to /aple    
indu/ries4  ,an ev5t ( h>dly less       
importance 9 public e/imation at ?is    
p]iod 0 ! pur*ase ( a consid]able       
fraction ( ! site ^u :i* ! h&some &     
ext5sive build+s ( ! ,univ]sity n[ /&4  
,! decision to take ?is /ep 0 "o ( ! mo/
 mom5t\s dep>tures 9 ! hi/ory ( !       
in/itution1 & ! writ] well rememb]s h[  
s]i\sly & ) :at anxiety x 0 discuss$ by 
! small body :i* assembl$ 9 ! (fice ( ! 
legal advis] to ! ,college to conf] ) ! 
,*airman ( its ,f9ance ,committee on !  
subject4 ,mr4 ,francis ,lupton1 :o at t 
p]iod held ! (fice1 0 an ideal cu/odian 

( its f9ancial affairs4 ,no man c\ld be 
m prud5t 9 _! managem5t3 at ! same "t no
 "o realiz$ m fully t an ill-judg$      
p>simony might be ! wor/ =m ( economy1 &
 t a timely exp5diture might be ! wise/ 
inve/m5t4 ,! two memb]s ( ! ,/aff :o 7  
pres5t at ?is int]view1 ) ! c\rage (    
fai? & ! en?usiasm ( conviction1 us$ _! 
be/ endeav\rs to incl9e him to sanction 
:at ev]ybody :o _h k ( ! f9ancial       
condition ( ! in/itution c\ld n b reg>d 
z a mo/ on]\s obligation4 ,b 9 ! end !re
 0 practical unanimity among ^? pres5t z
 to ! exp$i5cy & opportun5ess ( ! /ep1 &
 ! ev5t prov$ its wisdom4  ,!           
f\ndation-/one ( ! new ,college build+s 
0 laid on ,octob] #bc1 #ahgg1 by !      
,ar*bi%op ( ,york4 ,z ar*itect ! ,c\ncil
 _h secur$ ! s]vices ( ! late ,mr4      
,alfr$ ,wat]h\se1 ,r4,a41 ^: exp]i5ce & 
success 9 ! erection ( ,ow5s ,college   
seem$ to !m ! highe/ possible           
qualification4 ,by ! g5]osity ( !       
,clo?work]s' ,company1 :o _h vot$ ! sum 
( #aj1jjj = ! purpose1 ! au?orities 7   

enabl$ to take 9 h& )\t fur!r delay !   
build+s design$ = ! ,textile ,indu/ries 
,dep>tm5t4  ,! publicity giv5 to ^!     
proce$+s greatly /r5g!n$ ! position ( ! 
,college 9 ! c\nty1 & especially 9 !    
,we/ ,rid+4 ,^! ev5ts 7 no d\bt su* z   
mu/ h come naturally & 9 ! fullness (   
"t1 b _! adv5t at ?is p>ticul> juncture 
0 possibly accel]at$ by ! action ( ,ow5s
 ,college 9 seek+ = univ]sity p[]s4 ,?is
 movem5t on ! "p ( ,man*e/] _h already  
engag$ ! att5tion ( ! ,c\ncil ( !       
,york%ire ,college & 0 wat*$ by !m ) no 
little appreh5sion4 ,!y realiz$ t x 0   
c]ta9 to h an important be>+ ^u ! "q (  
high] education 9 ,york%ire1 bo?        
directly & indirectly1 & t ! future ( ! 
,york%ire ,college 0 intimately b\nd up 
) x4 ,x 0 !re=e all ! m necess>y to     
prove to ! _w t ,york%ire m51 9 _! own  
int]e/s1 7 v mu* 9 e>ne/ ab\t _! "y     
in/itution2 t !y 7 det]m9$ to secure = x
 ! fulle/ possible fre$om ( developm5t &
 to ext5d & consolidate its position1   
unhamp]$ by limitations to :i* x might  

conceivably be subject$ by ! pres5ce ( a
 relatively ri* & p[]ful univ]sity close
 to its own area4  ,9 ! next *apt] we   
purpose to indicate briefly ! /eps :i*  
l$ imm$iately to ! f\ndation ( ! new    
univ]sity 9 ,man*e/] & to %[ h[ ! action
 ( ! ,york%ire ,college result$ 9       
modify+ its ,con/itution z orig9ally    
contemplat$4     ,,*apt] ,v  ,,!        
,,victoria ,,univ]sity   ,at ! "t ( ?is 
movem5t 9 fav\r ( ! creation ( a        
univ]sity 9 ,man*e/] ! writ] ( ?is      
memoir 01 z already /at$1 a memb] ( !   
tea*+ /aff ( ! ,york%ire ,college1 & 0  
!n1 z = "s ye>s previ\sly1 9 con/ant    
fri5dly communication ) ,roscoe4 ,a     
lett] in=m+ him ( ! feel+ 9 ,le$s & !   
di/rict conc]n+ ! action ( ,ow5s        
,college1 & ! desire ( ! au?orities ( ! 
,york%ire ,college t its int]e/s %\ld 9 
"s way be safegu>d$1 br\ght ! foll[+    
reply "u date ,janu>y #ca1 #ahgg3       
,?anks = ! lead]1 :i* ,i _h se54 ,:at   
does ,le$s want8     ,a p]ipatetic      
univ]sity8 ,fir/ 9 ,man*e/]1 !n 9 ,le$s1

     !n 9 ,bri/ol1 next 9 ,newca/le8 ,or
 w x be cont5t     ) an affiliation     
s*eme8 ,d y want to come 9 n[1          
incomplete z y are1 or w y be cont5t to 
wait till y     are develop$ into m ( a 
two-or ?ree-sid$ sort ( ?+8     ,h[ c ! 
unity ( an in/itution be kept up if all 
k9ds     & conditions ( o!r in/itutions 
claim an equal voice 9     all !        
arrangem5ts8 ,9 %ort1 w\ld x n be mu*   
bett] =     ,le$s1 & ,bri/ol &          
,newca/le1 to h sep>ate univ]sities     
z well z ,man*e/]1 ?an to make a union 9
 :i* !re     w\ld n be /r5g?8 ,h[ev]1   
our propos$ s*eme w     provide = !     
admission & repres5tation ( o!r places  
if     !y l to come 91 b a univ]sity1 l 
mo/ o!r ?+s1     mu/ n only h a "n1 b   
also a local habitation1 &     h5ce ,i d
 n see h[ ! idea ( a w&]+ m9/rel k9d    
( univ]sity c\ld possibly answ]1 & ?is  
is :at1 ,i take     x1 ! writ] ( !      
article 7:o 0 he87 means4''' ,i w s5d   
y a copy ( our proposals z soon z !y are
 settl$4  ,aft] ! special meet+ ( !     

gov]nors ( ! ,ow5s ,college1 at :i* x 0 
decid$ to take /eps to obta9 a univ]sity
 *>t]1 ,roscoe wrote to ! pres5t writ] z
 foll[s "u date ,m>* #bg1 #ahgg3      ,y
 may un(ficially & on y\r own           
responsibility /ate to     ! ,secret>y (
 y\r ,college t y h reason to "k     t 9
 ! proposals to obta9 a ,*>t] to grant  
,degrees !     au?orities ( ?is ,college
 h add$ a clause to enable o!r          
colleges1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 to ent]  
into union )     ! propos$ ,univ]sity4  
,we 7 unable to acc$e to ! reque/ to    
=w>d !     docum5ts (ficially1 z !      
,committee on ! subject _h n     met4 ,b
 y may say 7privately7 t x is ! wi% ( ^?
     :o are int]e/$ 9 ! movem5t to make 
?is admission (     o!r colleges an     
ess5tial "p ( ! s*eme4      ,?is to %[  
y\r ,c\ncil t _! claims w be prop]ly    
& fairly consid]$4  ,! foll[+ lett]1    
dat$ ,decemb] #e1 #ahgg1 0 receiv$ aft] 
! ,man*e/] deputation to ! ,duke (      
,ri*mond & ,gordon1 :5 ! ,"l ,presid5t (
 ! ,c\ncil sugge/$ "s alt]ation 9 !     

gov]nm5t ( ! propos$ univ]sity1 :i* !   
memoriali/s consid]$ & adopt$4      ,at 
a meet+ ye/]day ( ! ,univ]sity          
,sub-,committee a     m detail$ s*eme = 
! propos$ ,con/itution 0     consid]$4  
,i ?9k y may l to "k un(ficially a few (
     ! p>ticul>s1 be>+ 9 m9d t x is     
simply z yet a     proposal4            
7#a7 ,! ,*>t] to be grant$ to ! ,c\rt ( 
,gov]nors         ( ,ow5s ,college      
modifi$ s z to give a some:at           
l>g] repres5tation ( ! ,academical      
,elem5t4          7#b7 ,! repres5tation 
on ! ,c\rt1 :5 sitt+ =                  
,univ]sity purposes1 ( any o!r qualifi$ 
,college         9 union ) ! ,univ]sity 
to be z foll[s3 !         ,presid5t1 !  
,treasur] or ,*airman ( ! ,c\ncil2      
! ,pr9cipal ( su* ,college2 su*         
proportionate         numb]s ( 7a7 !    
,s5ate1 & 7b7 ! ,gov]n+         ,body ( 
su* ,college z may be det]m9$ by !      
,univ]sity ,c\rt ) ! sanction ( ! ,"l   
,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil4          7#c7 ,! 
,executive ,body ( ! ,univ]sity to      

consi/         ( memb]s nom9at$ by !    
,c\rt & also1 on !         union ( any  
o!r qualifi$ ,college1 ! ,presid5t1     
,treasur]1 or ,*airman1 ,pr9cipal & !   
memb]s (         ! ,s5ate ( su*         
,colleges nom9at$ on ! ,c\rt4           
7#d7 ,! ,c\rt to be summon$ = ,univ]sity
 purposes         z di/+ui%$ f ,ow5s    
,college purposes by !                  
,executive ,body ( ! ,univ]sity4        
,ano!r po9t ( importance to y is ?is3 ,t
 p[] %all     be giv5 to ! ,c\rt ( !    
,univ]sity1 aft] consid]+ !     report (
 ! ,executive ,body ^u ! subject1 to    
accept !     application ( any o!r      
,college = incorporation ) !            
,univ]sity1 provid$ always t ! ,c\rt    
%\ld be satisfi$3     7#a7 t su*        
,college has e/abli%$ a reasonably      
complete     curriculum & possesses a   
reasonably suffici5t tea*+ /aff     9 ! 
,dep>tm5ts ( ,arts & ,sci5ce at lea/2   
7#b7 t su*     ,college has furni%$     
pro(s ( its means & appliances =        
tea*+ be+ e/abli%$ on a foot+ ( p]man5t 

security2     7#c7 t su* ,college is "u 
! indep5d5t control ( its     own       
,gov]n+ ,body2 & 7#d7 t ! admission %all
 receive     ! sanction ( ! ,"l         
,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil4      ,aga91 p[]  
to be giv5 to any su* ,college to appeal
 =     f9al decision to ! ,"l ,presid5t4
      ,"o o!r po9t4 ,on incorporation ! 
pr(essors ( su*     ,college %all take a
 proportionate %>e 9 all !              
exam9ations ( ! ,univ]sity z decid$ by !
 ,univ]sity     ,c\rt4      ,i hope t ^!
 proposals w be f\nd to meet y\r views4 
,mean:ile ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,york%ire       
,college1 act+ 9 conjunction ) its      
,academic ,bo>d1 _h be5 c>efully        
consid]+ ! situation4 ,influ5c$ to a    
l>ge ext5t1 no d\bt1 by ! local ,press1 
public feel+ 9 ! di/rict set /rongly 9 !
 direction ( imm$iate action4 ,al?\gh ! 
infant in/itution 0 b>ely ?ree ye>s old1
 !re c\ld no long] be any d\bt t x 0    
already firmly implant$ 9 ! e/imation & 
reg>d ( ! community 9 :i* x 0 plac$4    
,inde$1 no?+ 9 its %ort c>e] up to t "t 

/imulat$ & /r5g!n$ ?is reg>d m ?an ?is  
p>ticul> crisis 9 its =tunes4 ,! call = 
sympa?y & support :i* n[ 0 spread       
?r\gh\t ! ,rid+s 0 ! f9e/ rclame x c\ld 
possibly h4 ,x s]v$ to deprive !        
,college ( ! la/ semblance ( be+ a m]ely
 local f\ndation2 h5ce=? x 0 9 fact z 9 
"n a c\nty organization4  ,9 ! foll[+   
,may a deputation arrang$ by ! ,york%ire
 ,college wait$ ^u ! ,"l ,presid5t ( !  
,c\ncil4 ,! report ( ! ,c\ncil ( !      
,college po9t$ out t :il/ ! ,ow5s       
,college s*eme admitt$ ( ! admission (  
o!r colleges to ! univ]sity1 !          
provisions t ! *>t] %\ld be grant$ to ! 
,ow5s ,college1 & t ! univ]sity %\ld be 
nam$ aft] ! ,city ( ,man*e/] 7 v g5]ally
 consid]$ incompatible ) ! future       
incorporation ( in/itutions 9 o!r t[ns4 
,"l ,ripon1 9 introduc+ ! deputation1   
gave =cible expression to ^! views4 ,!  
memorial 0 support$ by repres5tatives ( 
! municipalities ( ! l>ge t[ns 9 ! ,we/ 
,rid+ & else:]e 9 ! c\nty1 by a numb] ( 
sci5tific organizations1 & by _m em95t  

educational au?orities4  ,z ! ,ow5s     
,college memoriali/s _h already express$
 _! will+ness to consid] fav\rably !    
inclusion ( o!r colleges1 "u reasonable 
conditions1 !re 0 little difficulty 9   
op5+ fri5dly negotiations betwe5 ! two  
,colleges ) ! desire on bo? sides to    
arrive at a satisfactory arrangem5t4 ,! 
,duke ( ,devon%ire1 :o 0 a lib]al       
support] ( bo? ,colleges1 & _h %[n great
 int]e/ 9 _! welf>e--,"l ,fr$]ick       
,cav5di% be+ ,presid5t ( ! ,york%ire    
,college--conv5$ a conf]5ce at          
,devon%ire ,h\se betwe5 repres5tatives (
 ! two ,colleges1 :5 aft] full          
discussion ! basis ( a f$]al s*eme 0    
devis$4 ,! details ( ?is 7 work$ out by 
committees ( ! two ,colleges4 ,ev5tually
 complete agreem5t 0 arriv$ at1 & x 0   
decid$ to pres5t a jo9t memorial f ! two
 ,colleges pray+ t ,h] ,maje/y might be 
advis$3  7#a7 ,to create a new          
univ]sity1 9 :i* ! ,ow5s ,college1      
,man*e/]1 & su* o!r in/itutions z may n[
 or h]eaft] be able to fulfil !         

conditions ( incorporation laid d[n 9 ! 
,*>t]1 may be incorporat$ colleges4     
7#b7 ,to grant to ea* ( su* incorporat$ 
colleges a %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( !         
univ]sity1 dep5d+ only ^u its magnitude 
& effici5cy1 9 accordance ) ! sugge/$   
,con/itution4  7#c7 ,to be graci\sly    
pleas$ to all[ ! said univ]sity to be   
call$ ! ,victoria ,univ]sity4  ,9 !     
v>i\s conf]5ces ne$$ to rea* ?is        
solution ! late ,sir ,ar?ur ,rck]1 :o   
act$ z "o ( ! repres5tatives ( !        
,york%ire ,college1 took an active &    
lead+ %>e1 & x 0 9 no small degree due  
to 8 tact1 urbanity1 & diplomatic skill 
t x 0 secur$4  ,9 ref]5ce to ?is matt] !
 pres5t ,ma/] ( ,pet]h\se1 ,sir ,a4 ,w4 
,w>d1 :o 0 at ! "t ,pr9cipal ( ! ,ow5s  
,college1 be>s ! foll[+ te/imony3  8,i  
rememb] v well h[ admirably he conduct$ 
! case ( ! ,york%ire ,college1 :i* 0 at 
fir/ adv]se to our wi%es at ,man*e/]1 & 
aft]w>ds 0 conjo9$ ) our own            
application4 ,he _h great difficulties  
to cont5d aga9/2 = ! ,york%ire ,college 

seem$ to be oppos+ our application = a  
univ]sity *>t] )\t be+ able to set up a 
simil> claim = itself1 & ! f$]al        
pr9ciple to :i* resort 0 ultimately _h 0
 by no means free f objections4 ,he _h1 
if ,i rememb] "r1 v effective p>liam5t>y
 support1 especially 9 ! late ,mr4 ,w4  
,e4 ,=/]1 & !n1 or aft]w>ds1 9 ! late   
,"l ,ripon4 ,b he 0 ! active            
repres5tative ( ,le$s1 & ! virtual      
success ( ! action ( ! ,college 0 v     
l>gely due to him4  8,p]sonally he 0 a  
man ( great *>m ( mann] & a v pleasant z
 well z effective speak]40  ,!          
deputation pres5t+ ! jo9t memorials     
wait$ ^u ! ,"l ,presid5t1 :o 0          
accompani$ by ! ,m>quis ( ,salisbury1 on
 ,may #e1 #ahgi4 ,x 0 head$ by ! ,duke (
 ,devon%ire1 z presid5t ( ! ,ow5s       
,college1 & ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 z      
repres5t+ ! ,york%ire ,college1 &       
consi/$ ( noblem5 & g5tlem5 ( influ5ce  
connect$ ) ! two c\nties2 repres5tatives
 ( diff]5t d5om9ations1 municipalities1 
sci5tific & educational bodies1 z well z

 o!r g5tlem5 int]e/$ 9 high] education4 
,x receiv$ ! cu/om>y promise 8t !       
proposal %\ld h ! mo/ att5tive          
consid]ation ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t40
  ,! v>i\s /eps 9 ! proc$ure ne$$ to    
obta9 a royal *>t] are _m & devi\s4 ,!y 
ne$ only be indicat$ by /at+ t !y seem  
expressly design$ to af=d abundant      
occupation = lawy]s4 ,! foll[+ lett] f  
,roscoe1 s5t to ! writ] f ! ,a!num      
,club1 & dat$ ,june #ai1 #ahgi1 be>s ^u 
?is po9t3      ,x is mo/ important t y  
%\ld at once get a ,petition to     8,! 
,que5 9 ,c\ncil0 drawn up & s5t to !    
,p>liam5t>y     ,ag5ts = pres5tation4   
,we are do+ s4 ,! ,duke (     ,devon%ire
 w sign our petition1 & y\rs 9 id5tical 
t]ms     %\ld be sign$ by ! ,ar*bi%op ( 
,york & ,"l ,fr$]ick     ,cav5di%4      
'''      ,! ,c\ncil meets on ! #bf?     
,june1 & ev]y?+ mu/ be s5t     9 be=e t 
date4      ,i h se5 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,=/] :o
 has telegraph$ to y\r     secret>y ?is 
ev5+4      ,we h ! draft ( our petition 
at ,ow5s ,college if y     wi% to       

consult x4      ,x is mo/ important to  
get ?is done & to get y\r     ,ar*bi%op 
to sign4  ,! next lett]1 s f> z reg>ds !
 ,victoria ,univ]sity1 requires "s      
explanation4 ,! !n ,*airman ( ! ,c\ncil 
( ! ,york%ire ,college1 ! late ,dr4     
,heaton1 0 n :olly fri5dly to ! idea ( a
 new nor!rn univ]sity1 & ultimately he  
dissociat$ himself f 8 colleagues on ?is
 p>ticul> "q4 ,he 0 nev] able to p]suade
 himself t ano!r univ]sity 0 actually   
ne$$ or 0 desirable4 ,9 8 judgm5t !     
int]e/s ( high] education1 s f> at lea/ 
z ! creation ( degree-grant+ bodies c\ld
 s]ve !m1 7 suffici5tly assur$ 9 ,engl& 
by ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]sities ( ,ox=d1   
,cambridge1 & ,london4 ,he view$ )      
consid]able appreh5sion ! attempt to    
e/abli% rival univ]sities3 he imag9$ t !
 /ress ( competition = /ud5ts might l[] 
! /&>d ( s*ol>%ip4 ,above all he 0      
/rongly oppos$1 9 :at he ?\ght ! true   
int]e/s ( ! m$ical pr(ession1 to !      
increase 9 ! numb] ( possible av5ues to 
practice3 9 8 op9ion !re 7 already too  

_m = an effici5t /&>d ( qualification to
 be ma9ta9$4 ,x 0 p]haps *>act]i/ic (   
him to suppose t ! imm$iate1 & inde$ !  
ultimate1 effect ( ! e/abli%m5t ( !     
univ]sity 9 ,man*e/] w\ld be n to he>t5 
& r\se 8 colleagues to fre% ex]tions 9  
ord] to make ! ,le$s ,college wor?y to  
be receiv$ z a memb] ( ! ,univ]sity3 on 
! contr>y1 he ?\ght t1 by =ce (         
circum/ances1 ! en?usiasm ( ! fri5ds ( t
 in/itution w\ld be gradually damp$1 &  
_! en]gy proportionally weak5$1 z !     
neighb\r+ ,college grew 9 p[] & pre/ige 
aft] be+ rais$ to ! dignity ( a         
univ]sity4 ,he 0 specially conc]n$ ab\t 
! future ( ! ,le$s ,m$ical ,s*ool1 ( :i*
 he _h be5 a memb] = _m ye>s4 ,x 0 well 
e/abli%$ & _h an excell5t record1 b its 
position w\ld1 he consid]$1 be und]m9$ &
 its cont9u$ exi/5ce jeop>diz$ by !     
proximity ( a s*ool atta*$ to a         
degree-giv+ body4 ,he 0 n able to c>ry 8
 colleagues on ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,york%ire  
,college ) him 9 8 view ( ! probable    
influ5ce ( ! new ,univ]sity on its      

=tunes4 ,z ! sequel prov$1 he entirely  
misconceiv$ its effect3 s f> f weak5+ ! 
en]gies ( its fri5ds1 ev5ts %[$ t x act$
 z ! mo/ p[]ful /imulus ! ,le$s ,college
 ev] receiv$4 ,b ,dr4 ,heaton's au?ority
 & influ5ce ) respect to ! ,m$ical      
,s*ool enabl$ him to c>ry 8 po9t 9 reg>d
 to ! propos$ m$ical degrees1 & !       
,york%ire repres5tatives 7 in/ruct$ to  
disav[ any wi% t p[] %\ld be s\ght to   
grant !m4 ,a sugge/ion to s5d a private 
message to ! ,"l ,presid5t to ?is effect
 0 made aft] x _h be5 repres5t$ by !    
legal ag5ts t no obs]vations on ! draft 
*apt] c\ld be receiv$ by ! ,privy       
,c\ncil4 ,"u ! circum/ances ! au?orities
 ( ,ow5s ,college 7 n )\t ju/ification =
 _! disappo9tm5t & annoyance4      ,9 ! 
fir/ place ,i w\ld propose to y t we    
%\ld     toge!r d ! atomic weight (     
,titanium4 ,y & ,i bo?     ?\ght ( do+  
x4 ,y are busy ) o!r ?+s4''' ,i w       
sket* a me?od out1 prep>e "s m ,ti,cl & 
s5d !     proposals to y4 ,if y l1 t is4
 ,s mu* = private     affairs4      ,n[ 

) reg>d to ! ,victoria ,univ]sity4 ,we  
all h be5     mu* annoy$ & surpris$ to  
f9d t y at ,le$s1 hav+     s f>         
acquiesc$ 9 our proposals--see memorial1
 etc4--n[     at ! la/ mom5t put 9 a    
caveat ab\t ,m$ical ,degrees6     ,?is  
appe>s to u r too bad4 ,if ?is move 0   
int5d$     we ought to h _h previ\s     
in=mation ( x4 ,if y h     only n[      
det]m9$ on ?is c\rse x is m obvi\sly    
unfair     to u to />t ! h>e n[6 ,fancy 
:at ! ,univ]sity w     be )\t su* p[]4  
,?9k ( ,glasg[ & ,ed9burgh ?us          
emasculat$4 ,is ?is :at y wi% u to come 
to8      ,!n ,i ?9k t ,r4's proposal to 
s5d a private message     ?r\gh y\r     
,presid5t to ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond /ill m  
objectionable4 8,op5ly we agree1 b we   
come to in=m     y privately t y w      
please u by /rik+ out !     provision40 
,?is is really :at y propose to d6 ,?is1
     c\pl$ ) ! petition f ,liv]pool & ! 
opposition &     jeal\sy ( o!r ,m$ical  
,s*ools1 may suffice to s mutilate      
our ,*>t] t x won't be wor? hav+4       

,d see :at c be done to dissuade y\r p f
 s5d+     any su* message to ! ,duke4   
,! private message above ref]r$ to 0 n  
s5t4 ,at ! same "t ,dr4 ,heaton's views1
 back$ up z !y 7 by ! action ( !        
,college ( ,surgeons & ,briti% ,m$ical  
,association1 & a great numb] ( ! lead+ 
hospital surgeons & tea*]s 9 ,london &  
else:]e1 prevail$1 & ! application = p[]
 to grant degrees 9 m$ic9e & surg]y 01 =
 ! "t at lea/1 )drawn1 9 ! expectation t
 legislative action on ! g5]al "q (     
m$ical education & qualification 0      
contemplat$4 ,z no su* action 0 tak51 a 
supplem5t>y *>t] remov+ ! re/riction 0  
grant$ on ,april #bj1 #ahhc4  ,! next   
lett]1 "u date ,febru>y #ad1 #ahhj1 %[s 
a fur!r /age 9 ! progress ( !           
application4 ,by a !n rec5t ,act x _h to
 be laid be=e bo? ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t =  
?irty days be=e any report on ! subject 
c\ld be submitt$ to ! ,sov]eign4        
'''      ,by ! way1 y "k1 ( c\rse1 t !  
,*>t] 7unalt]$7     is n[ ly+ on ! table
 ( bo? ,h\ses1 & if we c only     keep  

ev]ybody quiet x w be law 9 less ?an    
?irty days6      ,:5 are y com+ ov]8  ,!
 ,*>t] 0 grant$ by ! ,que5 9 ,c\ncil on 
,april #f?1 & 0 f9ally ratifi$ on ,april
 #bj1 #ahhj4  ,! next lett] 7,m>* #cj1  
#ahhj7 %[s t ?is ev5t 0 to be celebrat$1
 z a matt] ( c\rse1 9 ! cu/om>y ,briti% 
me?od4      ,i am v sorry t y _c d9e ) !
 ,p4,c4,s4 ,presid5t     ( ! ,*emical   
,society--,roscoe himself on ! #af?4 ,i 
int5d$     y to h be5 !re z ,long/aff   
m$alli/6 ,i am ask+ !     (fic]s & "s ( 
! ,c\ncil4      ,y mu/ all res]ve       
y\rselves = ,july #ad? or #ae?4 ,!      
op5+ ( ! ,v4,u4 ,victoria ,univ]sity & a
 ,banquet at !     ,t[n ,hall66  ,!     
foll[+ lett] 7,janu>y #af1 #ahha7 %[s h[
 cordial ! relations betwe5 ! si/]      
,colleges _h n[ become1 ?anks to ! frank
 & fri5dly discussion betwe5 _!         
repres5tatives1 & h[ loyally ^? 9       
au?ority at ,ow5s 7 prep>$ to c>ry out !
 compact3      ,accept my s9c]e ?\gh    
t>dy ?anks = y\r beautiful              
photograph1 :i* is a m>vell\s /udy (    

volcanic action4      ,i h lately he>d t
 ,p has be5 mak+ a /atem5t 7on     ^:   
au?ority ,i _c ?9k7 t ! ,york%ire       
,college     w\ld n be all[$ to jo9 !   
,v4,u4 ,?\gh ,i "k t y     w\ld take ?is
 = :at x is wor?1 ,i ?9k t o!rs may     
misund]/&1 & ,i ?9k t y %\ld in=m any "o
 :o     reports su* a /atem5t t x is    
:olly )\t f\ndation4     ,9 ! fir/      
place1 ! ,v4,u4 _c refuse ev5 if !y     
desir$     to d s4 ,9 ! second1 ,i = "o1
 & _m ) me if n     all1 w cordially    
welcome any addition to ourselves1 =    
^? :o h to "w ! new ,univ]sity desire to
 h o!r     compet5t p]sons to help to   
%>e _! great responsibility4  ,roscoe1 9
 fact1 f ! v beg9n+ ( its c>e] _h always
 %[n a sympa!tic int]e/ 9 ! =tunes ( !  
,york%ire ,college4 ,badly h\s$ & poorly
 end[$ at its />t1 its e>ly /ruggles &  
difficulties 7 wat*$ by him ) a k9dly   
reg>d1 bas$1 no d\bt1 to "s ext5t on !  
memory ( 8 own exp]i5ces4 ,he 0 n       
unfrequ5tly 9 ,le$s 9 ^? days1 & 8      
breezy optimism & *e]ful confid5ce t ?+s

 w\ld come "r1 9 spite ( *ecks &        
disappo9tm5ts1 7 at once /imulat+ &     
enc\rag+ to ! small b& ( "y pr(essors :o
 7 /riv+ to m\ld ! in/itution accord+ to
 ! patt]n ( t :i* he _h himself done s  
mu* to fa%ion4 ,an indication ( t int]e/
 0 manife/$ by 8 pres5ce1 9 ,decemb]    
#ahhj1 at ! =mal op5+ ( ! new build+s   
:i* ! ,college owes to ! wise lib]ality 
( ! ,clo?work]s' ,company4 ,at ! banquet
 :i* foll[$ he respond$ to ! toa/ ( 8,! 
,victoria ,univ]sity10 & express$1 on   
behalf ( ! au?orities ( ,ow5s ,college1 
! hope t be=e long ! ,york%ire ,college 
w\ld become "o ( ! incorporat$          
,colleges1 & w\ld help ! ,ow5s ,college 
to uphold ! dignity & usefulness ( ! new
 ,univ]sity4  ,roscoe took a lead+ "p 9 
%ap+ ! curriculum ( ! new ,univ]sity1 & 
at ! meet+ ( ! ,c\rt :i* settl$ its     
g5]al l9es he might be said to h be5 !  
m\?piece ( ! p>ty :i* succe$$ 9 impress+
 ^u x its *>act]i/ic features4 ,:at _h  
to be consid]$ 7 ! ne$s ( great         
indu/rial communities4 ,:at sort ( k d  

!y desire1 & :at %\ld !y be enc\rag$ to 
pursue8 ,! discussion ma9ly turn$ ^u !  
place :i* ! classical languages %\ld    
hold 9 ! univ]sity c\rses4 8,compulsory0
 ,greek 0 no long] reg>d$ z a practical 
"q4 ,%\ld 8compulsory0 ,lat9 also be    
elim9at$8 ,are ^! anci5t languages1 or  
ei!r ( !m1 /ill to be reg>d$ z an       
indisp5sable "p ( a lib]al education &  
an indisp5sable requisite = a degree8 ,!
 claims ( ! ,classics 7 n )\t def5d]s1 b
 z a local newspap] po9t$ out 9 a lead+ 
article1 curi\sly en\gh x w\ld seem t   
among ! /\te/ ( ^! 7 to be f\nd "s ( ! v
 m5 :o might h be5 suppos$ to be !      
natural *ampions ( ! new] le>n+1 & if   
or?odox academic traditions receiv$ a   
rude bl[1 x 0 because !y 7 des]t$ by ! v
 m5 :o _h be5 nurs$ 9 !m4 ,) two        
exceptions1 ! pr(essorial memb]s ( !    
,c\rt 7 unanim\s 9 recomm5d+ t ,lat9    
%\ld n be made obligatory = a degree4 ,!
 ,*ancellor & ,"l ,d]by support$ !      
cont5tion t :atev] may be ! value z     
m5tal food & tra9+ ( ! ,classics :5     

?or\ghly ma/]$1 ! wret*$ m9imum (       
ill-le>nt ,lat9 & soon-=gott5 ,greek    
prescrib$ 9 univ]sity exam9ations z     
prelim9>y to m s]i\s /udies possesses no
 educational value :atev]4 ,p]haps !    
argum5t mo/ decisive ) ! ,c\rt 0 t giv5 
by ,roscoe4 ,he said !y _h to consid] ! 
l>ge numb] ( p]sons :o came to ! ,ow5s  
,college = special in/ruction1 & m      
p>ticul>ly = eng9e]+ & ma!matics1 b :o  
_h nev] be5 at any s*ool :]e ,lat9 0    
taught4 ,^? 7 ! m5 :o c>ri$ (f ! be/    
eng9e]+ prizes1 & = !m x 0 t ?is door _h
 wisely be5 kept op54 ,!y mu/ n be guid$
 by :at ,ox=d or ,cambridge _h done1 b  
by :at 0 good = _! own di/rict & :at 0  
advisable at ! pres5t mom5t4 ,let !m    
rememb] :at a numb] ( m5 su* z he _h    
m5tion$ !re 7 9 _! neighb\rhood1 & h[   
fl\ri%+ 7 ! ma!matical s*ools1 & !n let 
!m say :e!r !y c\ld cut (f ^? s*ools &  
m5 f univ]sity education4 ,!            
8innovators0 won ! day by a majority (  
#b to #a1 & ?us effect$ 8! de?ronem5t1  
nev] to rise aga91 ( ?is mis*iev\s      

idol40  ,x 0 amus+ to notice !          
p]turbation :i* ?is dep>ture f a        
"t-hon\r$ tradition caus$ 9 c]ta9       
s*ola/ic circles & among ! self-/yl$    
8fri5ds ( culture40 ,b on ! :ole !      
action 0 fav\rably comm5t$ ^u by ! m    
influ5tial newspap]s & lead+ educational
 j\rnals4 ,x 0 reg>d$ z ! inevitable    
consequ5ce ( mod]n necessity1 & ( !     
gradual recognition t ! traditions (    
m$ival s*oolm5 7 n sacrosanct or        
necess>ily ! be/ adapt$ to new          
requirem5ts4  ,9 draft+ ! ,con/itution (
 ! new ,univ]sity p[] 0 ( c\rse tak5 9  
accordance ) e/abli%$ proc$ure1 & 9     
def]5ce to ! democratic t5d5cies (      
,briti% seats ( le>n+1 to =m ! body kn[n
 z ,convocation1 & ^? ( ! =m] /ud5ts (  
,ow5s ,college :o came )9 c]ta9         
def9itions 7 made its fir/ memb]s4  ,x  
w\ld seem to be ! inevitable t5d5cy (   
all ,convocations to play ! "p ( a      
,p>liam5t>y ,opposition4 ,_! prim>y     
duty1 z !y conceive x1 is to criticize &
 to take an indep5d5t view ( ! policy ( 

! univ]sity1 z det]m9$ by ! gov]n+ or   
executive p[]s4 ,no d\bt su* criticism  
is salut>y if wisely direct$1 b exp]i5ce
 has %[n t x is sometimes facti\s &     
occasionally ob/ructive4 ,mu*1 !re=e1   
dep5ds ^u ! *airman4 ,x 0 felt by _m ( !
 memb]s t x 0 specially important at !  
outset to make a prud5t selection if    
,convocation 0 to secure f ! beg9n+ its 
prop] influ5ce & dignity z a delib]ative
 assembly4 ,! ,extreme ,left--!re is    
always su* a gr\p 9 su* a ga!r+--_h     
promptly propos$ ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,m>sd5     
,pankhur/1 a /ud5t ( ! ,college 9 !     
,quay ,/reet days1 & n[ ma9ly rememb]$ z
 ! husb& & fa!r ( c]ta9 ladies :o h     
di/+ui%$ !mselves 9 ! cause ( ,woman    
,suffrage4 ,dr4 ,pankhur/ 0 nev] reg>d$ 
q s]i\sly 9 ,college circles--lea/ ( all
 by 8 =m] associates1 :o on a dull ev5+ 
at ! ,union w\ld occasionally put him up
 to make a political h>angue 9 ! /yle ( 
! ,conv5tion1 :5 he w\ld declaim ! mo/  
blood-curdl+ s5tim5ts 9 a highly pit*$  
falsetto1 ) all ! fi]y eloqu5ce & f]vid 

passion ( a ,danton or a ,heb]t4 ,b     
h[ev] p[]ful ! appeals to a y\?ful      
en?usiasm1 ! /ones ( ,quay ,/reet rema9$
 unmov$1 nor 0 ,deansgate at any "t     
block$ ) b>ricades4  ,lat] on ,dr4      
,pankhur/ w5t to ! ,b>1 :5 he foll[$ 9 !
 foot/eps & s\ght to bett] ! example ( a
 once well-kn[n ,*>ti/ orator ^: "n is  
well-nigh =gott51 became an active local
 politician1 & made "o or two futile    
attempts to ga9 a p>liam5t>y seat z !   
mo/ extreme ( advanc$ ,radicals4 ,x 0   
possible1 ( c\rse1 t :5 weight$ ) !     
responsibilities ( (fice ,dr4           
,pankhur/'s conduct ( ! *air might h be5
 irreproa*able4 ,b ! majority (         
,convocation 7 n dispos$ to take ! risk4
 ,accord+ly an 8influ5tially sign$0     
memorial 0 issu$ sugge/+ ,roscoe z fir/ 
*airman4 ,! advantage ( secur+ at ?is   
e>ly p]iod a *airman well acqua9t$ ) !  
"w ( ! o!r co-ord9ate bodies ( !        
,univ]sity 0 obvi\s4 ,b !re 0 ano!r     
reason1 z ! t]ms ( ! memorial indicat$4 
,! g5]al body ( ! memb]s 7 anxi\s to    

te/ify _! appreciation ( ! s]vices ( !  
man :o _h be5 s l>gely in/rum5tal 9 mak+
 a ,convocation at all possible4        
,by k & exp]i5ce no man 0 m qualifi$ to 
promote adm9i/rative accord ?an ,dr4    
,roscoe4 ,f him came     ! fir/ proposal
 ( ! new ,univ]sity2 & no "o work$     )
 great] zeal & devotion 9 ! movem5t1 :i*
 aft]     a long /ruggle 0 s happily    
successful4 ,no sacrifice (     "t &    
lab\r 0 too great = him1 & 8 =e?\ght    
& k ( bus9ess 7 ( untold advantage dur+ 
!     negotiations4  ,! sugge/ion t he  
%\ld be ! fir/ *airman 0 made )\t       
,roscoe's k1 b x 0 s well receiv$ t he  
cons5t$ to be nom9at$ & 0 elect$ by a   
l>ge majority4 ,! ,intransigeants1 (    
c\rse1 affirm$ t !y 7 fight+ solely = a 
pr9ciple1 & 8z a prote/ t ^? :o tea* &  
tra9 ought n to gov]n & exam9e & fill   
all ! positions 9 ! ,univ]sity40 ,!y    
next proce$$ to move 8a k9d ( vote (    
c5sure on ! ,executive ,c\ncil =        
anticipat+ ! jurisdiction ( ,convocation
 9 arrang+ = degrees1 exam9ations1 & s  

=?40 ,?is 0 met by 8! previ\s "q0 & lo/1
 :]eupon ! meet+ proce$$ to discuss !   
absorb+ly int]e/+ subject ( academic    
co/ume1 & ! dissid5t m9ority melt$ away4
  ,at ?is fir/ meet+ ! cl]k in=m$       
,convocation t at ! next ord9>y meet+ ( 
! ,c\rt ! ,c\ncil propos$ to report z to
 ! ,univ]sity mak+ use ( its p[] to     
grant degrees to p]sons be+ at ! date ( 
! ,univ]sity ,*>t] associates ( ! ,ow5s 
,college4 ,! fir/ graduation c]emony ( !
 ,univ]sity took place 9 ! autumn (     
#ahhb1 :5 ,pr(essor ,w>d 9 pres5t+ !    
,associates said3      ,! ,associates ( 
! ,ow5s ,college1 :om x is my privilege 
to     pres5t to y to-day1 are          
spontane\sly l9k+ _! names     &        
reputations ) ! "n & fame ( our         
,univ]sity1 &     x seems a twice-bless$
 relation%ip :i* on bo? sides is        
f\nd$ on goodwill4 ,_m ( ^? :om ,i am   
ab\t to lead to     y are m5 di/+ui%$ 9 
lett]s & sci5ce1 & 9 !     sev]al le>n$ 
pr(essions & o!r occupations to :i*     
_! lives are devot$4 ,"s are memb]s ( ! 

gov]n+ &     tea*+ bodies ( our own     
,univ]sity4 ,a great numb] hold     !   
degrees ( o!r ,univ]sities--( ^? old]   
,univ]sities     f :i* our own has      
receiv$ s _m signs ( k9dly     & ready  
sympa?y1 or ( t great exam9+ ,univ]sity 
)\t :i* mu* ( ! educational progress ( !
 la/     half-c5tury--)\t :i* su*       
progress z 0 made )9     ! walls ( ,ow5s
 ,college1 w\ld itself h lack$ its      
tru/wor?ie/ te/s4  ,! foll[+ lett]s f   
,roscoe to ! writ] h ref]5ce to ?is     
function1 :i* took place 9 ! ,man*e/]   
,t[n ,hall--)1 z ! descriptive report]  
/at$1 8all ! c]emony & pageantry t help 
to ca/ a glam\r ov] ! old] seats (      
le>n+40                                 
,,man*e/]1                              
,octob] #ad1 #ahhb4      ,i write a l9e 
to say h[ mu* we all hope t y w run     
ov] on ,novemb] #a/ to h ! degree ( !   
,v4,u4 conf]r$     ^u y4 ,x is (        
importance t our be/ ,associates %\ld   
%[ up on ! occasion1 & ,i am p>ticul>ly 
anxi\s t     y %\ld n be want+4 ,!      

c]emony is to be held 9 !     ,t[n      
,hall1 & we hope t ,"l ,d]by & ,mr4     
,mundella w be     pres5t4      ,h[ are 
y gett+ on8 ,we are full 9 our          
laboratories &     h>d at x4            
,un=tunately1 ! recipi5t ( ^! lett]s 7& 
( ! degree7 0 unable to be pres5t4 ,he  
_h j succe$$ by effluxion ( "t to a     
position =m]ly held by ,roscoe himself 9
 8t great exam9+ ,univ]sity0 :i* _h 9 ! 
pa/ s effici5tly te/$ ! educational     
progress ( ,ow5s ,college1 & 8 (ficial  
duties kept him 9 ,london4              
,octob] #bb1 #ahhb4      ,i ?9k 9 spite 
( ,mrs4 ,a4 ,b4 ,b4,sc4 x w\ld be z well
 if y     w\ld come to h ! ,v4,u4 degree
 grant$4 ,if y d n come1     unpleasant 
rem>ks may be made z to ! cause ( y\r   
abs5ce4      ,i nev] suppos$ y did c>e =
 ! degree z a degree3 x     is simply an
 enrolm5t ( y\rself z a bona-fide memb] 
( ! ,univ]sity4''' ,my feel+ is t all ^?
 :o h an     int]e/ 9 ! ,univ]sity & :o 
h tak5 active /eps 9     its f\ndation  
%\ld n hold alo( on ?is occasion1 b %[  

t !y are will+ & anxi\s to support ! new
 ,univ]sity     to ! be/ ( _! p[]4      
,y took an active "p 9 modify+ ! orig9al
 l9es on     :i* we _h decid$ to lay our
 ,univ]sity1 & ,i ?9k t     !re=e y are1
 p]haps1 m b\nd ?an o!r p to     help n[
 to make x a success on its pres5t      
foot+4'''      ,i am v glad y are com+  
to op5 our ,*emical ,society's          
,session "h on ,friday4 ,i fe> ,i may be
 away z my ,commission     ,te*nical    
,in/ruction ,commission meets on        
,w$nesday = "s     consecutive days4 ,if
 ,i c get back ,i w4  ,! "t1 p]haps1 has
 n yet arriv$ to attempt to assess !    
effect on ! high] education ( ! c\ntry  
:i* has foll[$ f ! e/abli%m5t ( ^! mod]n
 univ]sities1 b t x has already be5 v   
great !re c be no "q4 ,s9ce !y are free1
 = ! mo/ "p1 f ! influ5ce ( ! s*oolm51 &
 are unhamp]$ by m$ival traditions & !  
prepossessions ( ! pa/1 !y are ! m      
readily able to %ape _! c\rse 9         
accordance ) ! dem&s ( indu/rial        
progress & ! necessities ( mod]n life4  

,f ! circum/ance t !y are ne>ly all     
situat$ 9 l>ge t[ns & 9 ! mid/ (        
indu/rial communities1 ! /udy ( sci5ce  
is1 z a rule1 a prom95t feature 9 _!    
s*eme ( in/ruction1 & accord+ly _!      
sci5ce faculties are usually /rongly    
develop$4 ,a _s ( emulation makes !m all
 active c5tres ( rese>*1 especially 9   
physical sci5ce & 9 its te*nical        
applications1 & _! aggregate output (   
orig9al sci5tific inquiry is n[ v       
consid]able1 & 9 ext5t & quality comp>es
 mo/ fav\rably ) t ( cont95tal nations4 
,_! influ5ce ^u ! conduct ( ^? indu/ries
 :i* ultimately dep5d ^u sci5ce is      
already v m>k$1 & z ! numb] (           
sci5tifically tra9$ m5 becomes l>g]1 z !
 result ( _! in/ruction1 t influ5ce is  
b\nd to become /ill great]4 ,) !        
diffusion ( a k ( sci5tific pr9ciples   
new applications ( sci5ce to practice w 
foll[1 & ^! 9 _! turn w react ^u !      
in/ruction 9 ! s*ools ( sci5ce4 ,!      
ultimate effect ( all ?is w be a /ill   
cle>] recognition by ! community t !    

p]man5ce & ev5tual success ( our        
manufactur+ indu/ries dep5ds ^u !       
intellig5t application ( sci5ce4  ,we   
are ?us able to p]ceive h[ ,roscoe's    
action 9 help+ on ! developm5t ( ,ow5s  
,college on mod]n l9es & 9 rais+ x      
ev5tually to ! /atus ( a univ]sity has  
react$1 & is b\nd /ill fur!r to react1  
^u ! intellectual & mat]ial welf>e ( ?is
 c\ntry4 ,x 0 ! great success ( !       
,man*e/] ,college z a c5tre = !         
diffusion ( k 9 its own di/rict t incit$
 o!r t[ns to seek to emulate its        
example1 & :5 ,ow5s ,college s\ght = !  
position z a univ]sity to :i* %e 0      
entitl$1 ! same _s ( emulation quick5$ !
 ef=ts ( h] fri5dly rivals to make      
!mselves n less wor?y ( su* a dignity4  
,( c\rse x is n claim$ = ,roscoe t he   
actually initiat$ ?is rem>kable         
movem5t--a movem5t :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z  
"o ( ! mo/ significant features ( our   
times2 he %>es ! cr$it ) o!rs4 ,b he    
c]ta9ly 0 "o ( ! ma9spr+s ( x4 ,x may be
 said ! "t 0 ripe = ! /ep4 ,nev]!less1 x

 is due to him to affirm t he 0 "o ( !  
e>lie/ to p]ceive t fact1 & to take     
occasion boldly by ! h&4 ,if he _c ju/ly
 be said to h actually />t$ ! action1 he
 0 at lea/ "o ( its mo/ p[]ful prime    
mov]s4     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,roscoe ,,z ,a
 ,,tea*]   ,"s ye>s be=e ,ow5s ,college 
atta9$ to ! position ( a univ]sity1     
sev]al attempts 7 made to induce ,roscoe
 to sev] 8 connection ) x4 ,9 #ahgj he 0
 (f]$ ! lecture%ip on ,*emi/ry at ,/4   
,b>?olomew's ,hospital 9 succession to  
,dr4 ,mat?iess54  ,! foll[+ lett] "u    
date ,octob] #ad1 #ahgj1 ref]s to ?is   
circum/ance3      '''      ,i h j refus$
 to g to ,london aga96 ,!y want$ me at  
,/4 ,b>?olomew's4      ,mill] is to be  
succe$$ by  1 & x appe>s t ?is          
g5tleman has made a compromise ) ! ,new 
,s*ool1 & is     to adopt ,o  #ab6 ,is n
 ?is ri*8 ,orig9ality at ,k+'s 0        
always at a disc\nt1 b !n ,or?odoxy     
reigns supreme1 &     ?is is ! 8,wahre  
,jakob10 z !y say 9 ,g]man6      ,locky]
 is d[n "h visit+ ,/ew>t1 & ,i _h a     

physical     & a/ronomical p>ty "h la/  
night 7my wife be+ away71     at :i* a  
l>ge numb] ( int]e/+ new obs]vations on 
!     heav5ly bodies & on sci5ce 9 g5]al
 7 made1 :i* did     n conclude until ! 
small h\rs4      ,i _c buckle to ! new  
book--b ,i h arrang$ ! ord]     ( ?+s to
 my tol]able satisfaction4 ,:e!r x w ev]
     see ! daylight rema9s a my/]y4'''  
,two ye>s lat] he 0 invit$ to become a  
c&idate = ! vacant *air ( ,*emi/ry at   
,ox=d1 ) ! promise ( a fell[%ip if      
elect$4 ,t he might be ,brodie's        
successor 01 he says1 a tempt+          
sugge/ion1 b on consid]ation he felt he 
_h a wid] scope1 & ! possibility (      
great] usefulness 9 build+ up ! *emical 
s*ool ( ,ow5s ,college--a decision :i*  
he _h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ met ) ! w>m 
approval ( ,huxley & o!r fri5ds4        
,roscoe's me?od ( work+ 8 dep>tm5t 0    
:olly modell$ on t ( ,buns51 z ^? ( 8   
pupils :o subsequ5tly repair$ to        
,heidelb]g c\ld te/ify4 ,a bove majori  
discit ar>e m9or4 ,he gave 8 lectures at

 ! beg9n+ ( ! work+ day1 aft] :i*1 &    
:il/ ! laboratory m5 7 settl+ to "w1 he 
w\ld retire to 8 sitt+-room to glance at
 8 correspond5ce4 ,he w\ld !n g r\nd to 
ea* 9 turn1 see :at _h be5 done s9ce !  
previ\s visit1 & give su* directions &  
advice z 7 necess>y4 ,al?\gh ! /ud5ts   
work$ indep5d5tly1 & 7 at diff]5t /ages 
( progress1 he knew precisely h[ ea* 0  
occupi$4 ,) ! m5 engag$ on rese>* "w1 or
 ) prep>ations1 or on any matt] out ( ! 
usual r\t9e1 he w\ld frequ5tly sp5d a   
consid]able am\nt ( "t4 ,he always seem$
 to be z mu* int]e/$ 9 ! "w z ! work]s  
!mselves1 & 0 unaffect$ly pleas$ ) a    
good analytical result1 a well-con/ruct$
 app>atus1 or a neat prep>ation4 ,8     
boyi% love ( manipulation1 simply z su*1
 rema9$ ) him to ! end1 & he someh[     
manag$ to convey some?+ ( 8 own feel+ ( 
delight 9 h&l+ app>atus to ^? he taught4
 ,9 ?is lay ! secret ( 8 p[] & success z
 ! director ( a laboratory4 ,al?\gh 8   
/ud5ts nev] =got t he 0 ! pr(essor--he 0
 always 8,doctor0 ,roscoe to !m--!y     

realiz$ t he 0 q on an approa*able      
plane1 & a bond ( sympa?y & ( mutual    
und]/&+ 0 quickly e/abli%$ :i* /r5g!n$  
into fri5d%ip & e/eem4  ,z a tea*]1     
tol]ant ( ! imp]fection ( human nature 9
 y\?1 he might p>don /upidity or condone
 c>elessness1 b he _h no pati5ce ) any?+
 t sav\r$ ( pret5sion or deceit4 ,no?+  
ang]$ him m ?an to f9d t an analytical  
result _h be5 8trimm$0 or 8cook$40 ,he  
once summ>ily expell$ a "y man f 8      
laboratory :o1 "u pret5ce ( mak+ a      
re-det]m9ation ( an atomic weight1 0    
caught hat*+ out a s]ies ( :olly        
fictiti\s numb]s4 ,& he 0 amaz$ at !    
m5tality ( a m9i/] ( religion :o fail$  
to p]ceive ! he9\sness ( su* a crime1 ! 
fact be+ ! good easy man ?\ght !        
proc$ure 0 on a p> ) any o!r ma!matical 
ex]cise1 & !re=e liable to error4 ,t "y 
man1 x may be add$1 9 aft] ye>s came to 
a viol5t end1 = he 0 lyn*$ =            
horse-/eal+2 ! desc5t to ,av]nus1 z     
,roscoe w\ld po9t out1 is easy &        
inevitable to "o ( ! moral obliquity t c

 juggle ) ! sanctity ( exp]im5tal       
figures4  ,! +5u\s y\? ( ,ow5s 9 !      
writ]'s "t 7 n a p>ticul>ly lamb-l lot1 
& occasional meutes 7 n unkn[n1 b       
di/urbances 9 ,roscoe's class-room 7    
absolutely unhe>d (4 ,inde$1 su* 0 8    
p]sonal asc5dancy t at times 8 assi/ance
 0 invok$ to quell an upro> 9 a         
neighb\r+ t]ritory4 ,z he /epp$ into !  
room & began1 8,n[1 boys1 etc410 he w\ld
 be receiv$ ) a r\nd ( *e]s1 & ord] w\ld
 once m reign 9 ,w>saw4 ,a ^w (         
expo/ulation f him w\ld suffice to      
ensure x4  ,( c\rse1 z ! numb] ( 8      
pupils increas$1 & ! laboratories became
 l>g] & m num]\s1 x became impossible to
 give s great a %>e ( individual        
att5tion1 & mu* _h to be delegat$ to    
demon/rators1 = ! mo/ "p *os5 f among   
s5ior /ud5ts :o 7 prep>+ = an academic  
c>e]1 & :o _h !mselves be5 tra9$ by him4
 ,at ! same "t he 0 q alive to ! value (
 8new blood10 & any promis+ "y man :o _h
 %[n aptitude = tea*+ or ability 9      
rese>* 0 sympa!tically consid]$ on !    

occasion ( a vacancy4  ,he next visit$ 8
 private laboratory to consult ) 8      
assi/ants1 & to le>n h[ _! "w 0         
progress+4 ,z 8 engagem5ts multipli$1 & 
! calls ^u 8 "t increas$1 he gradually  
ceas$ to take any active "p 9 !         
op]ations :5 assur$ ( ! compet5ce ( ^?  
to :om he _h entru/$ ! execution ( 8    
plan ( rese>*4 ,inde$1 he all[$ 8 *os5  
help]s consid]able latitude1 if1 z      
usually happ5$1 !y 7 g5u9ely int]e/$ 9  
_! "w4 ,he _h a /rong belief 9 ! wisdom 
( giv+ ! 'pr5tice h& 88 head10 z ! sure/
 way ( /r5g!n+ any lat5t faculty =      
orig9al inquiry he might possess4 ,he _h
 himself be5 tra9$ 9 ?is way1 & he      
employ$ ! same me?ods 9 turn4  ,roscoe1 
l ,buns51 set no v great value on       
lecture-room tea*+1 al?\gh he recogniz$ 
t ) ! majority ( /ud5ts no o!r sy/em is 
practicable4 ,x no d\bt s]ves to af=d an
 ap]u ( ! subject1 :i* is :at ! av]age  
att5dant at lectures presumably wants4  
,at ! same "t he sp>$ no pa9s to make 8 
lectures int]e/+1 & !y 7 always         

admirably illu/rat$ by exp]im5ts4       
,luckily he _h 9 8 famulus ,heywood1 a  
rem>kably able lecture-assi/ant1 a      
skilful glass-bl[]1 & a good me*anician1
 ) a tal5t = devis+ /rik+ & orig9al     
illu/rations4 ,roscoe _h a good voice1  
cle> enunciation1 & a pleasant1 easy    
mode ( deliv]y1 b he _h none ( ! arts ( 
! orator--no?+ ( ! fi]y1 impulsive mann]
 ( 8 contempor>y1 ,h(mann1 or ! comm& ( 
poli%$ spee* t *>act]iz$ ,kekul4 ,9 !   
lecture-room 8 language 0 simple &      
direct2 he 0 an excell5t expositor1     
always lucid1 occasionally humor\s1 &   
nev] dull4  ,al?\gh organic *emi/ry at 8
 mo/ active p]iod z an inve/igator 0    
exp]i5c+ an extraord9>y developm5t1 &   
(f]+ limitless opportunities ( discov]y1
 its problems !n1 &1 x may be add$1 at  
no subsequ5t "t1 _h m ?an an academic   
int]e/ = him4 ,! only communication     
deal+ ) organic *emi/ry ) :i* 8 "n is   
associat$ is a %ort note on !           
,spontane\s ,polym]isation ( ,volatile  
,hydroc>bons contribut$ to ! ,*emical   

,society 9 #ahhe4d  ,! pap] _h its orig9
 9 a *ance obs]vation br\ght to 8 notice
 by a t>-di/ill]1 :o _h notic$ !        
=mation1 on /&+1 ( a :ite cry/all9e mass
 among ! volatile hydroc>bons result+ f 
! decomposition ( ph5olic sub/ances at a
 r$ heat4 ,! cry/all9e sub/ance 0 f\nd  
to h a molecul> =mula ,c,h1 b its real  
nature & ! mode ( its g5esis 7 n        
e/abli%$4  ,organic *emi/ry 0 h>dly     
taught at ,heidelb]g 9 ,roscoe's "t1 &  
!n only by subord9ate pr(essors &       
privat-doc5t51 ma9ly to ph>maci/s4 ,!   
effect ( ?is tra9+ 0 se5 9 ! subsequ5t  
"* ( 8 tea*+4 ,! lectures on organic    
*emi/ry t he 0 necess>ily requir$ to    
give at ,ow5s ,college1 ) _! limit$     
possibilities ( exp]im5tal illu/ration1 
simply bor$ him4 ,happily he f\nd 9     
,s*orlemm] a colleague :o 0 glad to     
relieve him ( ! duty4 ,s*orlemm] 0 n a  
flu5t speak]1 & al?\gh he wrote our     
language ) ease & accuracy1 he nev]     
acquir$ famili>ity ) ! my/]ies ( its    
pronunciation4 ,b he 0 an excell5t      

tea*]1 rem>kably well-read1 & _h an     
a/oni%+ly ret5tive memory1 & 8 lectures 
7 ?or\ghly appreciat$ by ! disc]n+      
/ud5t4  ,roscoe cont9u$ to direct !     
,*emical ,dep>tm5t ( ,ow5s ,college     
until 8 election z ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t = 
! ,s\!rn ,division ( ,man*e/] 9 ! autumn
 ( #ahhe1 :5 he resign$ ! ,pr(essor%ip (
 ,*emi/ry4 ,on 8 retirem5t ! ,c\ncil    
record$ its /rong s5se ( ! em95t s]vices
 he _h r5d]$ to ! ,college ?r\gh a p]iod
 ( ?irty ye>s1 & its conviction t to 8  
great atta9m5ts z a man ( sci5ce1 8     
skill & success z a tea*] & organiz]1 8 
widespread reputation1 & 8 high p]sonal 
qualities1 x 0 9 great measure due bo? t
 ! ,college enjoy$ s high a rank z a    
place ( education1 & t its ,*emi/ry     
,dep>tm5t 9 p>ticul> _h long held a     
position second to t ( no o!r academic  
in/itution 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4  ,simil>  
te/imony 0 borne by 8 colleagues :5     
plac+ 8 portrait by ,burgess 9 _!       
,common ,room1 & by 8 pupils :5 (f]+    
ano!r portrait by ,h]kom] to ,lady      

,roscoe4 ,! address accompany+ ?is latt]
 gift1 & sign$ by upw>ds ( two hundr$   
old pupils1 0 z foll[s3      ,to ,sir   
,h5ry ,enfield ,roscoe1 ,m4,p41         
,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41         
etc41 ,em]itus ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry 9 ! 
,ow5s ,college1     ,man*e/]1 ,febru>y  
#af1 #ahhi4      ,we1 ! und]sign$ /ud5ts
 ( ! ,ow5s ,college1 :o h     _h !      
privilege ( be+ y\r pupils1 desire at ! 
close (     y\r active "w z a tea*] to  
(f] y "s recognition (     ! value ( !  
s]vices y h r5d]$ to y\r ,college       
dur+ ! "t y h lab\r$ z "o ( its         
pr(essors4 ,=     upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s y 
h _h ! control & direction     ( !      
*emical dep>tm5t ( ! ,ow5s ,college4 ,y 
leave     x ! be/ organiz$ & be/ equipp$
 s*ool ( *emi/ry     9 ! k+dom1 numb]+  
its /ud5ts by hundr$s1 & !     ackn[l$g$
 model ( ! _m simil> in/itutions :i*    
! success ( y\r own s*ool has call$ into
 exi/5ce4 ,no     place ( *emical       
in/ruction 9 ! c\ntry has ex]cis$ s     
pr(\nd an influ5ce z t ( :i* y h be5 !  

mov+     & direct+ =ce1 & ) :i* y\r "n w
 always be     connect$4 ,its influ5ce  
on ! indu/rial welf>e ( !     community 
is se5 f ! numb] ( responsible positions
 held     by y\r /ud5ts 9 ! di/rict4    
,its influ5ce on educational            
progress may be judg$ f ! numb] ( y\r   
pupils :o hold     important positions z
 tea*]s ( *emi/ry4 ,z a c5tre (         
*emical rese>* y h made ! ,ow5s ,college
 kn[n all     ov] ! _w1 & y\r books on  
*emical sci5ce =m !     /&>d works1 n   
only 9 ?is c\ntry1 b 9 _m o!rs4     ,!  
g5ial & sympa!tic int]e/ :i* y always   
%[$ 9     ! lives & "w ( y\r /ud5ts is  
gratefully rememb]$ by     all ( u1 & x 
has b\nd u to y by a p]sonal tie su* z  
r>ely unites a tea*] & 8 /ud5ts4 ,:il/  
we h view$     ) regret ! sev]ance ( y\r
 active connection ) !     in/itution = 
:i* y h done s mu*1 bo? 9 m\ld+     its 
academical organization & 9 consolidat+ 
its "w1 we     tru/ y may long be sp>$  
to cont9ue 9 ! wid] sph]e     (         
political & public life ^? ef=ts :i* h  

already     contribut$ s l>gely to !    
intellectual advancem5t ( !     p ( ?is 
c\ntry4 ,we beg y\r acceptance ( !      
portrait     :i* accompanies ?is address
 z a tok5 ( our affectionate            
respect1 & 9 grateful recollection ( _m 
k9dly acts :i*     h ende>$ y to u all4 
,9 a %ort acc\nt :i* ,roscoe compil$ =  
private circulation1 he record$1 )      
p>donable pride1 ! rise & progress ( !  
,*emical ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,ow5s ,college   
dur+ ! ?irty ye>s he direct$ x2 & he    
indicat$ ! lead+ pr9ciples :i* _h guid$ 
him 9 its developm5t4 ,he recall$ !     
position ( ! ,college 9 #aheg1 :5 !     
work]s 9 ! *emical laboratory 7 fifte5 9
 numb]4 ,x 0 only v sl[ly realiz$ t     
,sci5ce c\ld be made an effici5t        
in/rum5t ( education1 & t su* an        
education 0 n only compatible )1 b 0    
absolutely necess>y =1 a successful     
manufactur+ & indu/rial c>e]4 ,! fact t 
! /ip5d ( ! ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry 0 fix$ 
at "o-half ( t giv5 to ! o!r *airs %[$  
h[ ! ,gov]n+ ,body at t "t reg>d$ !     

relative importance ( t subject1 z      
comp>$ ) classics & ma!matics4  ,f !    
outset he 0 firmly conv9c$ t ! great    
blot 9 ,engli% indu/rial life 0 a s+ul> 
want ( appreciation ( "o ( ! ess5tial   
conditions ( success1 namely1 a s\nd    
tra9+ 9 ! sci5tific pr9ciples :i*       
und]lie all practice4 ,! fact t !       
intimate connection :i* ought to exi/   
betwe5 sci5ce & practice 0 m cle>ly     
recogniz$ by our cont95tal rivals1 0    
b\nd 9 ! long run to tell aga9/ our own 
manufactur+ indu/ries4 ,he !n %[s h[ he 
_h s\ght to e/abli% a s\nd & ?or\gh     
c\rse ( sy/ematic !oretical & practical 
in/ruction 9 *emi/ry to meet ! gradual  
recognition ( ?is fact :i* he 0 c]ta9   
w\ld arise "u ! /ress ( necessity4 ,b1 z
 he po9ts out1 ! success ( any su* s*eme
 mu/ ultimately dep5d ^u its director4  
,! p]sonal & individual att5tion ( !    
pr(essor is !     true secret ( success2
 x is absolutely ess5tial t he     %\ld 
"k1 & take an int]e/ 91 ! "w ( e man 9  
8 laboratory1 :e!r beg9n+ or f9i%+ 8    

c\rse4'''     ,x is 9 ! laboratory1 &   
!re alone1 t *emi/ry c     be prop]ly   
le>nt1 & x is by ! p]ipatetic tea*+ (   
! pr(essor & 8 demon/rators t ! /ud5t   
b5efits     mo/4 ,laboratory tea*+ mu/  
inculcate me?od & accuracy2     ! /ud5t 
mu/ be made to und]/& :at he is do+ &   
:y he does x1 & mu/ gradually acquire ! 
p[] ( exact     obs]vation & ( logical  
inf]5ce4 ,all ^! faculties are          
ex]cis$ & develop$ by a prop]ly organiz$
 & ?or\gh     c\rse ( qualitative       
*emical analysis1 & no elem5t>y         
c\rse ( practical sci5tific "w is m     
useful1 ei!r 9     tra9+ ! h& or ! head4
      ,?is1 h[ev]1 presupposes t an     
explanation ( ! !ory     accompanies !  
practice ( qualitative analysis1 & t !  
/ud5t att5ds a c\rse ( in/ruction 9 :i* 
! reactions     & me?ods ( sep>ation are
 sy/ematically expla9$ &     discuss$1 z
 well z a g5]al c\rse on !oretical      
*emi/ry4      ,hav+ ?us obta9$ a k ( !  
pr9ciples ( !     sci5ce1 facility 9    
manipulation1 & reliance on 8 own       

p[]s ( obs]vation1 ! /ud5t %\ld beg9    
quantitative     analytical "w1 9 :i* he
 le>ns by degrees :at sci5tific         
accuracy means1 & h[ exact results are  
to be obta9$ by     c>eful "w4 ,con/ant 
p]sonal sup]vision ( ! /ud5t     is     
absolutely requisite1 z ev]y?+ dep5ds on
 ! c>e     ) :i* ! v>i\s op]ations are  
c>ri$ on1 work+     f recipes )\t       
sup]9t5d5ce be+ really valueless4       
,"o ma9 object ( ?is c\rse is s to tea* 
! pupil z to     give him reliance on 8 
own p[] ( exact "w2 to inculcate        
habits ( neatness & ord]2 to make him   
aw>e ( s\rces (     error1 & to tea* him
 ei!r to e/imate _! am\nt1 or     h[1 if
 possible1 to obviate !m4  ,on ?is firm 
f\ndation ( a compet5t !oretical k (    
inorganic & organic *emi/ry1 & ( a      
?or\gh practical acqua9tance ) analysis1
 c alone ! prop] & high] education ( !  
*emi/1 :e!r = purely sci5tific or =     
te*nical purposes1 be bas$4 ,x 0 ^u ?is 
view ,roscoe consi/5tly act$4 ,he       
/eadily set 8 face aga9/ any practis+ ( 

r\gh-&-ready works-me?ods until ! /ud5t 
_h le>nt to appreciate ! exact]         
processes4 ,x is only :5 he has ga9$ !  
capacity = judg+ z to ! p>ticul>        
applicability ( a me?od t he %\ld be    
p]mitt$ to compromise betwe5 effici5cy &
 spe$4 ,:5 confid5ce is bas$ ^u k &     
practice1 ! special circum/ances ( 8    
position & 8 s5se ( responsibility1 :5  
engag$ 9 te*nical "w1 w enable him to   
det]m9e rightly :5 su* compromise is    
ju/ifiable4  ,z reg>ds in/ruction 9     
appli$ *emi/ry1 ,roscoe always held t ! 
application c only be prop]ly le>nt 9 ! 
factory or works1 j z a trade _c be     
taught 9 a s*ool--unless1 inde$1 ! s*ool
 becomes a %op4 ,b !re is no reason :y !
 sci5tific pr9ciples & details ( ! v>i\s
 indu/rial processes %\ld n be br\ght to
 ! k ( ! pupil :o is int5d$ aft]w>ds to 
conduct su* processes4 ,provid$ a s\nd  
sci5tific basis is secur$1 su*          
in/ruction1 giv5 by a tea*] :o has _h   
practical z well z !oretical exp]i5ce1  
is ( great value to ! te*nical /ud5t4   

,?anks ma9ly to ,roscoe's example1 ^!   
pr9ciples are n[adays among !           
commonplaces ( *emical in/ruction1 & are
 adopt$ sub/antially by all tea*]s (    
exp]i5ce4 ,t !y comm5d$ !mselves to lay 
m9ds capable ( appreciat+ & judg+ !m1 & 
t ! practical results ( work+ ! ,ow5s   
,college ,*emical ,dep>tm5t by means (  
!m prov$ satisfactory1 0 prov$ by !     
/eady increase 9 ! numb] ( ,roscoe's    
pupils1 session aft] session1 & by !    
v>iety ( responsible & important        
positions _m ( ^! pupils subsequ5tly    
fill$4 ,ano!r significant feature 0 !   
increas+ public recognition ( ! mean+ & 
value ( a s\nd *emical education z %[n  
by ! gr[+ will+ness ( p>5ts & ( "y m5   
!mselves to devote su* an am\nt ( "t to 
_! /udies z w\ld enable !m to obta9 real
 b5efit4 ,he f\nd 9 ! e>li] ye>s ( 8    
exp]i5ce t ! prevail+ notion ( !        
majority ( manufactur]s 7?\gh !re 7     
notable exceptions7 0 t if ! son /ay$ at
 ,college = six mon?s he c\ld be 8put   
up0 to all ! necess>y in=mation to      

enable him to apply *emi/ry to 8        
bus9ess4      ,! fa!rs 7he said7        
frequ5tly us$ to come ) a /ory (     ?is
 k9d3 8,i am a calico-pr9t]1 or a dy]1  
or a brew]1     & ,i want y to tea* my  
son *emi/ry s f>1 & only     s f>1 z x  
is at once applicable to my trade10 & :5
     in=m$ t *emi/ry z a sci5ce mu/ be  
taught be=e     its applications c\ld be
 und]/ood1 & t 8 son c\ld     n = two or
 ?ree ye>s at lea/ beg9 to "w ^u !      
subjects directly be>+ on 8 trade1 he   
too (t5 repli$     t if t 7 ! sy/em he  
c\ld n af=d "t = 8     son to le>n on   
?is plan1 & t if he c\ld n be taught    
at once to te/ 8 drugs he %\ld pref] to 
leave him 9 !     works1 :]e he & 8 fa!r
 be=e him _h made a great     _m        
comm]cial successes ) no sci5tific k1 & 
:]e he saw no reason to d\bt t 8 son    
w\ld d !     same4 ,! *ange t has come  
ov] our manufactur]s dur+     ! la/ five
 & tw5ty ye>s ?is 0 writt5 9 #ahhg has  
be5 rem>kable1 & n[ all are1 ,i believe1
 fully awake to     ! necessities ( _!  

position1 & are mo/ desir\s (           
improv+ ! sci5tific k n only ( !mselves 
&     _! sons1 b ( _! manag]s1 =em51 &  
workpeople4     ,t ?is is s may be prov$
 by ! fact t :]eas =m]ly     x 0        
difficult to keep our /ud5ts = m ?an "o 
session1 we n[ f9d our s5ior laboratory 
well /ock$ )     m5 9 _! ?ird1 f\r?1 &  
ev5 fif? ye>s1 work+ at     advanc$     
subjects & becom+ 8*emi/s0 9 ! highe/ & 
be/ s5se ( ! ^w4  ,:5 he laid d[n 8     
(fice he c\ld po9t to ! fact t 8        
laboratories1 spaci\s z !y 7 ?\ght to h 
be5 :5 fir/ erect$1 _h be5 m ?an full   
dur+ ! previ\s half-doz5 ye>s4 ,x 0     
calculat$ t upw>ds ( two ?\s& m5 _h     
pass$ ?r\gh 8 c\rses4 ,among !m 7 _m    
tea*]s1 te*nologi/s1 & pr(essional      
*emi/s occupy+ responsible & important  
positions4 ,9 ! li/ ( ! ,dalton ,*emical
 ,s*ol>s1 & ( ! ,b]keley ,fell[s1 7 to  
be f\nd names kn[n 9 ! lit]ature (      
sci5ce = _! sci5tific inve/igations4    
,inde$1 no simil> place 9 ! k+dom c\ld  
%[ su* a record ( contributions to      

*emical k4 ,"u ,roscoe's gov]nm5t !     
,ow5s ,college ,*emical ,laboratory     
furni%$1 f fir/ to la/1 two hundr$ &    
?irty-five orig9al communications1 ma9ly
 to ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,*emical ,society1 or 
! ,proce$+s & ,transactions ( ! ,royal  
,society4  ,! laboratories :i* ,roscoe  
design$1 & :i* are kn[n "u 8 "n1 h long 
s9ce prov$ inadequate to accommodate !  
numb]s :i* n[ flock to ! ,man*e/] ,s*ool
 ( ,*emi/ry4 ,aft] ,s*orlemm]'s dea? x 0
 f\nd necess>y to add to _! numb]1 & !  
new ,s*orlemm] laboratories1 (          
eighty-n9e work+ b5*es1 7 built = !     
special /udy ( organic *emi/ry4 ,^! 7 9 
_! turn ov]cr[d$1 :5 ,mr4 ,&rew         
,c>negie1 ! well-kn[n ,am]ican          
multi-millionaire1 :o nev] =gets he 0   
born on ,briti% soil1 pres5t$ !         
,univ]sity ) #aj1jjj to erect build+s1  
on condition t !y %\ld be call$ ! ,john 
,morley ,laboratories1 9 hon\r ( 8 fri5d
 ,visc\nt ,morley ( ,blackburn1 ! em95t 
hi/orian & /atesman1 & n[ ,*ancellor ( !
 ,victoria ,univ]sity4  ,on ,octob] #d1 

#aiji1 ,roscoe 0 reque/$ to op5 =mally !
 new laboratories1 :5 he rem>k$3 8,x 0 v
 gratify+ to "k t ,mr4 ,c>negie1 :o has 
sp5t millions ( money on f\nd+ public   
libr>ies all ov] ! ,engli%-speak+       
c\ntries1 seem$ to be turn+ 8 att5tion  
to ! f\ndation ( laboratories :i*1 9 my 
op9ion1 0 ( /ill great] consequ5ce40 ,a 
*>act]i/ic rem>k :i* ^? :o knew ! speak]
 w\ld be q prep>$ to he>4     ,,*apt]   
,,vii  ,,roscoe ,,z ,,an ,,inve/igator  
,! "* ( ,roscoe's sci5tific "w may also 
be said to h be5 entirely m\ld$ by 8    
,heidelb]g tra9+1 & ,buns5's influ5ce   
may be trac$ ?r\gh x to ! la/4 ,s       
completely 0 ?is ! case t consci\sly or 
unconsci\sly he seem$ nev] to           
contemplate attack+ any problem t w\ld n
 h appeal$ to1 or h be5 appreciat$ by1  
,buns54  ,8 fir/ rese>* 0 und\bt$ly     
sugge/$ by ,buns54 ,z already /at$1 x   
result$ 9 ! classical inve/igation on ! 
laws regulat+ photo*emical action4 ,x 0 
already kn[n t a mixture ( equal volumes
 ( hydrog5 & *lor9e on exposure to light

 lo/ its *>act]i/ic col\r1 & 0 conv]t$  
into hydro*loric acid1 readily soluble 9
 wat]2 & ,buns5 conceiv$ ! idea ( mak+  
?is reaction ! basis ( a me?od ( measur+
 ! relative am\nt & activity ( ^?       
light-vibrations :i* are ma9ly conc]n$ 9
 effect+ *emical *ange4 ,z a matt] (    
fact ! idea 0 n new1 =1 unkn[n to       
,buns51 x _h already be5 adopt$ by      
,drap]1 ( ,new ,york1 :o _h1 z he /ates 
9 8 pap] 9 ! ,philosophical ,magaz9e =  
,decemb] #ahdc3      inv5t$ an in/rum5t 
bas$ ^u ! same reaction =     measur+ ! 
*emical =ce ( ! ti?onic rays1 :i* are   
f\nd at a maximum 9 ! indigo space1 &   
:i* f t     po9t gradually fade away to 
ea* end ( ! spectrum4  ,x p]haps says   
little = ! assiduity ) :i* "y ,roscoe   
read ! orig9al *emical lit]ature ( 8 "t 
t he %\ld only h k ( ,drap]'s rem>kable 
pap]s "s ?irte5 ye>s aft] !y 7 publi%$ 9
 ! ,engli% j\rnals4 ,b x is only due to 
him to say ! *emical /ud5ts ( ,univ]sity
 ,college 9 ^? f>-(f days _h few]       
opportunities ( access to orig9al       

lit]ature ?an !y n[ enjoy4  ,be ?is z x 
may1 ,roscoe's discomfiture at be+ ?us  
anticipat$ 0 ( no long duration4      ,d
 n 7wrote ,buns57 let y\r discov]y (    
,drap]'s "w     disconc]t y4''' ,x      
appe>s to me t ! value ( an             
inve/igation is n to be measur$ by :e!r 
some?+ is     describ$ 9 x = ! fir/ "t1 
b r by :at means     & me?ods a fact is 
prov$ beyond d\bt or cavil1 & 9 ?is     
respect ,i ?9k t ,drap] has left pl5ty =
 u to d4  ,aft] _m fruitless attempts !y
 succe$$ 9 con/ruct+ an app>atus 9 :i* !
 defects ( ,drap]'s 8ti?onomet]0 7      
obviat$1 & by :i* n only accurate       
comp>ative det]m9ations c\ld be made1 b 
:i* enabl$ !m to r$uce ! *emical action 
( light to absolute measure4 ,!y %[$ by 
means ( x t ! am\nt ( *emical action    
produc$ by light f a con/ant s\rce v>i$ 
inv]sely z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance4 ,!y     
/udi$ m accurately ! ph5om5a (          
photo*emical induction1 discov]$ by     
,drap]1 ! causes :i* det]m9e its        
occurr5ce1 & ! laws :i* regulate !      

*emical action ( light aft] ! induction 
is complet$4 ,!y prov$ t ! absorption ( 
! *emical rays 9 pass+ ?r\gh a m$ium    
v>ies directly z ! int5sity ( ! light1 &
 t ! am\nt transmitt$ v>ies             
proportionately ) ! d5sity ( ! absorb+  
m$ium4 ,x 0 f\nd t = a giv5 am\nt (     
*emical action effect$ 9 ! mixture (    
*lor9e & hydrog5 an equival5t quantity (
 light is absorb$1 & t ! coeffici5ts (  
ext9ction ( pure *lor9e = *emical rays f
 v>i\s s\rces ( light are v diff]5t4 ,!y
 e/abli%$ a g5]al & absolute /&>d (     
comp>ison = ! *emical action ( light1 & 
s\ght to det]m9e ! quantitative         
relations ( ! *emical action effect$ by 
direct & diffus$ sunlight1 & to         
inve/igate ! laws :i* regulate !        
di/ribution on ! e>?'s surface ( !      
*emical activity emanat+ f ! sun4 ,!y   
also measur$ ! *emical action ( !       
con/itu5t p>ts ( ! sol> spectrum4 ,!    
action on ! s5sitive gas %[$ ! exi/5ce (
 sev]al maxima ( *emical int5sity 9 !   
spectrum4 ,! greate/ action 0 obs]v$    

betwe5 ! l9es ,g 9 ! indigo & ,h 9 !    
violet1 :il/ ano!r maximum 0 f\nd to be 
ne> ! l9e ,i 9 ! ultra violet4 ,t[>ds ! 
lea/ refrangible end ( ! spectrum !     
action became imp]ceptible ab\t ! l9e ,d
 9 ! orange1 b at ! o!r end ( ! spectrum
 ! action 0 f\nd to ext5d z f> z        
,/okes's l9e ,u1 or to a di/ance f ! l9e
 ,h great] ?an ! total l5g? ( ! ord9>y  
visible spectrum4  ,by inve/igat+ !     
conditions "u :i* x 0 possible to prep>e
 a photographic pap] ( uni=m & con/ant  
s5sitiv5ess1 & asc]ta9+ ! means by :i* !
 d>k5+ ( ! pap] on insolation c\ld be   
accurately comp>$ ) a /&>d t9t1 x 0 f\nd
 comp>atively easy to con/ruct an       
in/rum5t capable ( measur+ ! *emical    
action ( light effect$ at any po9t on ! 
e>?'s surface by ! total sunlight &     
diffuse daylight "u ! mo/ widely v>y+   
circum/ances ( climate & atmosph]ic     
condition4  ,?is jo9t rese>*1 begun 9   
#ahee1 occupi$ its au?ors until #ahfb4  
,roscoe did ! great] "p ( ! exp]im5tal  
"w1 & aft] 8 election to ! pr(essor%ip 9

 ,ow5s ,college 9 #aheg he sp5t 8 long  
vacations 9 ,heidelb]g 9 cont9u+ !      
inquiry4 ,! results 7 communicat$ 9 a   
s]ies ( memoirs to ! ,royal ,society &  
are publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical          
,transactions4#e  ,subsequ5tly he pursu$
 ! subject alone or 9 conjunction )     
o!rs4 ,9 a %ort pap] publi%$ 9 #ahfc he 
gave ! results ( a s]ies ( measurem5ts (
 ! *emical brightness ( v>i\s portions (
 ! sol> disc made by means ( /&>d       
photographic pap] accord+ to ! me?od    
describ$ by ,buns5 & himself 9 _! la/   
communication2#f & 9 #ahfd he describ$ a
 me?od ( meteorological regi/ration ( ! 
*emical action ( total daylight bas$ on 
a modification ( t orig9ally us$ by     
,buns5 & himself4 ,! acc\nt ( ?is me?od 
0 made ! ,bak]ian ,lecture 9 #ahfe1 & is
 publi%$ 9 ! ,philosophical             
,transactions ( t ye>4#g  ,9 ?is pap] he
 gives ! results ( consecutive          
obs]vations on ea* day = ne>ly a mon? at
 ab\t midsumm]1 & comp>es ! *emical     
action ( light at ,man*e/] at ! w9t] &  

summ] sol/ices1 & ! v]nal & autumnal    
equ9oxes4 ,! wide v>iation 9 ! *emical  
action ( light at diff]5t p]iods ( ! ye>
 0 illu/rat$ by ! fact t if ! integral (
 t on ! %orte/ day be tak5 z ! unit1 t  
^u ! equ9ox w be repres5t$ by #g1 & t ^u
 ! longe/ day by #be4  ,9 #ahff he &    
,mr4 ,bax5dell contribut$ a jo9t note to
 ! ,royal ,society on ! relative *emical
 int5sities ( direct sunlight & diffuse 
daylight at diff]5t altitudes ( ! sun4  
,!y %[$ f obs]vations made at ,man*e/] &
 at ,heidelb]g t ! ratio ( ! *emical    
int5sity ( direct to diffuse sunlight = 
a giv5 altitude at diff]5t localities is
 n con/ant1 b v>ies ) ! transp>5cy ( !  
atmosph]e1 & t ?is ratio does n 9 ! lea/
 correspond ) ! value ( visible int5sity
 z e/imat$ by ! eye1 ! action ( !       
atmosph]e be+ #agd times great] ^u !    
*emical ?an on ! lum9\s rays :5 ! sun's 
altitude is ab\t #be & #bfd times great]
 :5 x is #ab4h  ,) a view to !          
introduction ( ! in/rum5t into          
meteorology1 & z "p ( ! r\t9e "w ( an   

obs]vatory1 he caus$ a regul> s]ies (   
measurem5ts to be made dur+ two ye>s at 
! ,kew ,obs]vatory1 "u ! direction (    
,dr4 ,balf\r ,/ew>t2 & 9 ord] to ga9    
fur!r k ( ! v>iation 9 ! *emical action 
( light 9 diff]5t areas ( ! e>?'s       
surface1 he s5t ! writ] 9 #ahff to ,p>1 
on ! riv] ,amazon1 #a #bh s\? ( !       
,equator4 ,! selection ( ?is p>ticul>   
place arose f ! circum/ance t 8 c\s91 n[
 ! ,"r ,hon4 ,*>les ,boo?1 0 proce$+ to 
! ,brazils 9 connection ) ! e/abli%m5t (
 a new l9e ( /eam]s1 & x 0 arrang$ t !  
writ] %\ld accompany him1 9 ord] t he   
might make photometric obs]vations en   
r\te1 go+ & return+1 & at ! same "t make
 a s]ies ( det]m9ations ( ! am\nt (     
c>bon dioxide 9 sea air1 night & day1 ) 
a view ( te/+ ! tru? ( an allegation by 
a ,fr5* *emi/1 t x 0 subject to a       
diurnal v>iation1 dep5d+ ^u ! int5sity (
 sunlight4  ,! special =m ( app>atus    
arrang$ = mak+ photometric obs]vations  
at sea prov$ to be ill-adapt$ to !      
purpose4 ,b ev5 if its p]=mance _h be5  

good1 ! conditions "u :i* x _h to be    
employ$ 7 incapable ( furni%+ valid     
results4 ,accord+ly ! writ] elect$ to   
rema9 at ,p> 9 ord] to obta9 ! requir$  
obs]vations at t place1 until su* "t z  
he c\ld return by ! succe$+ /eam]4 ,he 0
 ?us enabl$ to make a mu* m ext5sive set
 ( obs]vations ?an 0 orig9ally          
contemplat$1 & "u conditions :i* ensur$ 
tru/wor?y measurem5ts4  ,! foll[+ lett]1
 dat$ ,may #ab1 #ahff1 & receiv$ at ,p>1
 ref]s to ^! matt]s4 ,! allusion to     
,agassiz arose f ! circum/ance t ! great
 naturali/ 0 at ! "t engag$ 9 "w on !   
,amazons & its tribut>ies "u ! auspices 
( ! ,emp]or ,dom ,p$ro4  ,roscoe himself
 0 busily engag$ ) 8 vanadium rese>*es4 
,al?\gh ,i 0 disappo9t$ to f9d t !      
,augu/9e     return$ )\t y1 yet ,i ?9k t
 y act$ q rightly     9 /ay+ until !    
,j]ome returns1 z y c\ld n get any      
results :il/ on bo>d4 ,i only hope t y\r
 heal? w h     be5 good1 & t y w h      
enjoy$ y\r /ay at ,p>1     & t :5 y     
return 9 ,augu/ we may h to "w out      

pl5ty ( int]e/+ results4      ,i s5d p] 
! ,j]ome a second bottle ( silv]        
solution1 &     "s m salt$ pap]1 z y may
 possibly be out ( bo?4 ,i     also     
enclose two or ?ree fix$ /rips1 b n     
calibrat$4     ,^!1 9 case y are out1   
may be us$1 c>efully pres]v$     &      
calibrat$1 on y\r return4 ,!y mu/ be    
c>efully m>k$     be=e us+ & notice tak5
 9 ! book ( ! m>ks on ea*     /rip :5   
employ$4      '''      ,y\r c>bonic acid
 obs]vations are v int]e/+3 y     seem  
to h settl$ ,lewy completely1 & ,i hope 
y w get     "s m exp]im5ts made on y\r  
return voyage4      ,c\ld y n manage to 
make sev]al s]ies ( daily               
obs]vations 7photo*emical7 on y\r return
 voyage8 ,x w\ld     n mu* matt] if !   
surface 0 n p]fectly horizontal         
always1 & y c\ld use y\r p5dulum conc]n 
to /eady !     expos$ pap] to a c]ta9   
ext5t4 ,p]haps y\r %ip does n     give y
 a suffici5tly free horizon4 ,h[ev]1 y w
 d :at     is possible4      ,y\r meet+ 
) ,agassiz 0 v =tunate1 & ,i 0 glad to  

he> t ! o!r fri5ds :om y f\nd 7 likely  
to prove     agreeable4      ,we h n mu*
 news to s5d y4 ,! book 8,lessons 9     
,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry0 is n yet out4 ,i h  
?is day1     h[ev]1 correct$ ! la/ pro(s
 ( ! ,index1 & ,i fully     expect t x w
 be ready 7& ,i hope a great numb]      
sold67     be=e y arrive "h4      ,my   
new assi/ant ,mr4 ,francis ,jones is a v
 c>eful &     accurate work]4 ,he has ) 
great c>e det]m9$ ! atomic     weight ( 
vanadium by ! loss ( weight ( ,,vo 9    
hydrog51     & curi\sly en\gh gets      
exactly ,b]zelius's numb] (     #fhe6   
,?is 9 two exp]im5ts on l>ge quantities4
 ,we are n[     prep>+ pure *loride to  
try aga9 :e!r we get #fgd 7y\r          
numb]71 & we h got hold ( "s v que]     
reactions1     :i* ,i c only und]/& ei!r
 by ! pres5ce ( ano!r     metal hav+ !  
same 7or ne>ly7 atomic weight z ,va1 or 
else     by ! exi/5ce ( an isom]ic      
7solid7 modification ( !     *loride4   
,h[ev]1 "t1 ,i hope1 w %[4      ,my     
lecture on ,june #a/ at ! ,royal        

,in/itution w1 (     c\rse1 be %orn ( "s
 ( its int]e/ z ,i _c tell !m     h[ mu*
 *emical light !re is 9 ! tropics1 b ,i 
hope to     h en\gh to make an int]e/+  
h\r1 & h got "s nice     exp]im5ts to   
illu/rate ! opalesc5ce ( ! atmosph]e4   
,my wife tells me to rem9d y to be s    
good z to br+ h]     some?+ tropical--"s
 birds' sk9s w\ld d or any?+ y     see  
or fancy4 ,only no monkeys1 if y please1
 = me6 ,i hate     ! animals4      ,y\r 
fa!r w d\btless s5d y all ! news ( !    
times1     z well z local in=mation1 & s
 ,i w only add t !     ,laboratory r[+  
crew 7 aga9 beat5 la/ week4 ,! races    
7 v good--bett] z reg>ds equality ?an   
la/ ye>4 ,!     umpire1 poor ,r1 got    
upset & ne>ly suffocat$ 9 ! ,irwell     
mud6      ,hop+ to see y safe back at ! 
end ( ,july or beg9n+ (     ,augu/4  ,! 
day aft] ?is lett] 0 writt5 ,roscoe     
receiv$ "s ( ! prelim9>y results ( !    
photometric obs]vations1 s t he 0 enabl$
 to give 8 ,royal ,in/itution audi5ce "s
 idea ( ! am\nt ( *emical light 9 !     

tropics4 ,he made ?is matt] "o ( ! *ief 
features ( 8 lecture4      ,i h only j  
"t to s5d :at y want ov] to ,liv]pool   
?is aft]noon1 & to ackn[l$ge y\r lett] (
 ,april #ad?     ) enclosures1 :i* are  
all v welcome4      '''      ,! diffus$ 
& direct sun exp]im5ts are v int]e/+4   
,!y diff] 9 toto f ! ,heidelb]g results4
 ,pray get     "s m at l[ elevations ( !
 sun4      ,i mu/ n[ close ''' z !      
,j]ome sails e>ly 9 ! morn+4            
,p4,s4--,i hope y may be able to get "o 
cl\dless day be=e     y leave1 z ! cl\ds
 evid5tly mu* modify ! result4 ,x     is
 almo/ a pity t y did n g out 9 !       
vacation =     ,septemb] & ,octob]1 b x 
_c be help$ n[4      ,if y get a        
cl\dless day beg9 e>ly1 take f\r or six 
sets     ( obs]vations 7"o at noon1 (   
c\rse7 until late 9 !     ev5+1 s z to  
get ! l[ elevations4  ,! ,kew           
obs]vations %[$ t ! mean *emical        
int5sity = h\rs equidi/ant f noon is    
practically ! same on ! same day1 & t ! 
daily maximum ( *emical int5sity        

corresponds ) ! maximum ( sol> altitude4
 ,measurem5ts %[+ ! daily rise & fall ( 
*emical int5sity = ea* ( ! tw5ty-f\r    
mon?s 7 obta9$1 z well z ( ! bi5nial    
v>iation = ! same p]iod4 ,x 0 po9t$ out 
t ! curve ( ye>ly *emical int5sity is n 
symmetrical ab\t ! v]nal & autumnal     
equ9oxes4 ,?us = #ajj *emically active  
rays fall+ at ! spr+ equ9ox at ,kew1 !re
 fell at ! autumnal equ9ox #afg rays1 ! 
sun's mean altitude be+ ! same1 !       
diff]5ce be+ probably due to ! great]   
atmosph]ic opalesc5ce 9 ! spr+4  ,! ,p> 
obs]vations 7 int]e/+ f ! fact t !y 7 ! 
fir/ measurem5ts ( photometric int5sity 
made )9 ! tropics1 & t !y s]v$ to dispel
 c]ta9 fallacies ab\t photographic      
effects 9 v hot climates at t "t curr5t4
 ,! obs]vations %[$ t ! relation betwe5 
! sun's altitude & *emical int5sity may 
be repres5t$ by ! equation3             
,c ,i a  ,c ,i  con/4 a1  :]e ,c ,i a   
repres5ts ! *emical int5sity at a giv5  
altitude a 9 circul> measure1 ,c ,i !   
*emical int5sity at ! altitude #j1 &    

con/4 a a numb] to be calculat$ f !     
measurem5ts4 ,comp>isons betwe5 !       
obs]vations at ,kew & at ,p> on ! same  
days 9 ,april %[$ t ! daily mean *emical
 int5sity at ! latt] place 0 f t5 to    
fifty times great] ?an at ,kew1 ! wide  
diff]5ces be+ due to ! enorm\s & rapid  
v>iations 9 int5sity f h\r to h\r :i* ! 
*emically active rays exp]i5ce 9 !      
tropics dur+ ! ra9y season ( ! ye>4#i   
,! relation betwe5 ! sun's altitude & ! 
*emical int5sity ( daylight 0 m         
accurately det]m9$ by ! writ] f a long  
s]ies ( obs]vations made by ,roscoe's   
me?od "u a cl\dless sky ne> ,lisbon 9 ! 
autumn ( #ahfg4 ,! fact 0 confirm$ t !  
direct sunlight is robb$ ( almo/ all its
 *emically active rays at altitudes bel[
 #aj1 & t al?\gh ! *emical int5sity = ! 
same altitude at diff]5t places & at    
diff]5t times ( ! ye> v>ies accord+ to !
 v>y+ transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e1 yet !   
relation at ! same place betwe5 altitude
 & int5sity is always repres5t$ by a    
/raight l9e4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! obs]v$    

actions = equal altitudes1 :i* may am\nt
 to m ?an #ajj p] c5t4 at diff]5t       
places1 & to ne>ly z mu* at ! same place
 at diff]5t times ( ! ye>1 s]ve z exact 
measurem5ts ( ! v>y+ transp>5cy ( !     
atmosph]e4 ,z illu/rat+ ! wide diff]5ces
 9 ! daily m>* ( *emical int5sity at    
v>i\s places1 x 0 f\nd t1 :5 light (    
unit int5sity act+ = #bd h\rs is tak5 z 
#a1jjj1 ! value ( ! mean *emical        
int5sity at ,kew is repres5t$ by ! numb]
 #ide1 t at ,lisbon by #aaj1 & t at ,p> 
by #cacc4aj  ,roscoe's hope t           
measurem5ts ( ! *emical int5sity (      
daylight might become "p ( ! regul> "w (
 meteorological obs]vations has1        
un=tunately1 n be5 realiz$4 ,obs]vations
 ( ! k9d1 no d\bt1 consume mu* "t1 & if 
prop]ly conduct$ require ! :ole s]vice (
 a skill$ assi/ant4 ,b consid]+ !       
enorm\sly important "p play$ by         
*emically active light 9 ! economy (    
nature1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ph5om5a (    
vegetable life1 x _c be d\bt$ t a       
suffici5tly long-cont9u$ s]ies (        

obs]vations1 sy/ematically c>ri$ out on 
a well-consid]$ plan1 at obs]vatories   
di/ribut$ ov] ! e>?'s surface1 w\ld af=d
 mo/ valuable in=mation conc]n+ ! facts 
( sol> en]gy1 & incid5tally s]ve to     
elucidate _m important collat]al        
que/ions4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,horace 
,d>w91 ,roscoe made attempts to devise  
an automatic arrangem5t :i* %\ld m9imize
 ! lab\r ( obs]vation1 b 9 ! abs5ce (   
any c]ta9 assurance t su* an in/rum5t   
w\ld be utiliz$1 ! trials 7             
discont9u$4#aa  ,x has be5 ?\ght        
desirable1 = ! sake ( cont9uity1 to     
describe ,roscoe's "w on *emical        
photometry1 aris+ out ( 8 association ) 
,buns51 s long z he cont9u$ to pursue t 
subject4 ,a subsequ5t pap] w1 h[ev]1 be 
m5tion$ lat]4  ,we mu/ n[ rev]t to 8 "w 
:5 he return$ f ,g]many4  ,on leav+     
,heidelb]g to settle aga9 9 ,london1 z  
already /at$ he engag$ ,dittm> z rese>* 
assi/ant1 & !y jo9tly /udi$1 by ,buns5's
 me?ods1 ! absorption ( hydro*loric acid
 & ammonia 9 wat]1#ab prov+ t ^! gases d

 n obey ,dalton & ,h5ry's law4  ,he next
 attack$1 fir/ ) ,dittm>'s & !n )       
,s*orlemm]'s assi/ance1 ! nature ( !    
aque\s solutions ( ! common volatile    
acids ( con/ant boil+-po9t1 & %[$ t     
al?\gh ! ratio ( acid to wat] is con/ant
 = a def9ite boil+-po9t "u a p>ticul>   
pressure1 ?is does n necess>ily indicate
 ! exi/5ce ( def9ite hydrates4 ,!       
composition ( ! hydrat$ acid on boil+ is
 entirely dep5d5t on ! pressure "u :i* x
 is heat$--a /rong solution los+ acid1 &
 a weak solution los+ wat] until !      
residue 9 ea* case acquires a con/ant   
composition1 dep5d+ ^u ! pressure "u :i*
 x is boil$4#ac  ,9 ^? days ,gmel9's    
8,h&bu*0 0 ! *ief repository ( *emical  
k--or ! want ( x--& _m sugge/ions z to  
possible pr(itable fields ( inquiry 7 to
 be glean$ f its pages4 ,"o su* subject 
0 p]*loric acid & its comp\nds1 conc]n+ 
:i* b little 0 !n kn[n beyond !         
composition ( potassium p]*lorate1      
e/abli%$ by ,/adion z f> back z #ahaf4  
,roscoe1 ) ,s*orlemm]'s assi/ance1 made 

a fairly complete inve/igation (        
p]*loric acid & its hydrates1 & a numb] 
( its salts4#ad  ,he n>r[ly escap$ a    
s]i\s accid5t :5 work+ ) e?yl p]*lorate1
 fir/ prep>$ 9 #ahdj by ! ,am]ican      
*emi/s ,h>e & ,boye1 & kn[n to be       
extremely un/able4 ,he 0 engag$ 9 filt]+
 a few cubic c5timetres ( ! liquid into 
a te/-tube1 :5 ! comp\nd explod$ ) great
 viol5ce1 & a deep hole 0 bor$ into !   
base ( ! filt]-/&1 & _m hundr$s (       
fragm5ts ( glass 7 driv5 into 8 h&4 ,t  
filt]-/& 0 long an object ( int]e/ to   
visitors 9 ! private laboratory ( ! old 
,ow5s ,college4#ae  ,! writ] subsequ5tly
 prep>$ ?allium p]*lorate = him 9 a pure
 /ate1 det]m9$ its composition1 &       
e/abli%$ its isomorphism ) ! alkal9e    
p]*lorates1 ! cry/allographic *>act]s ( 
:i* _h be5 previ\sly asc]ta9$ by        
,kopp4#af  ,b ,roscoe's mo/ important   
contribution to inorganic *emi/ry 0     
unque/ionably 8 rese>* ^u vanadium & its
 comp\nds1 :i* occupi$ him = ! great] "p
 ( five ye>s4 ,ab\t #ahfe 8 att5tion 0  

drawn to ! occurr5ce ( vanadium 9 "s ( !
 copp]-be>+ b$s ( ! ,l[] ,keup] ,s&/one 
( ! ,trias :i* 7 !n be+ work$ at        
,ald]ley ,edge & ,mottram ,/4 ,&rews 9  
,*e%ire4 ,he obta9$ possession ( a l>ge 
quantity ( a lime precipitate1 :i* 0    
f\nd to conta9 ab\t #b p] c5t4 ( vanadic
 acid4 ,x 0 a mo/ unpromis+ mat]ial1 b  
ev5tually a me?od 0 work$ out by :i* !  
vanadium 0 extract$ z an ammonium       
vanadate3 ?is on heat+ yield$ vanadic   
acid4 ,great difficulty 0 met ) 9 free+ 
! vanadic acid f accompany+ phosphoric  
acid4 ,ev5 small quantities ( phosphoric
 acid cause ! vanadic acid aft] fusion  
to solidify z a pit*-l amorph\s mass4 ,x
 0 ! writ]'s privilege to assi/ 9 ! e>ly
 /ages ( ?is inve/igation1 & x fell to 8
 lot to c>ry out ! v>i\s exp]im5ts :i*  
ev5tually s]v$ to e/abli% ! composition 
( ! oxides ( vanadium1 ! true nature (  
its volatile *loride1 ! exi/5ce ( hi!rto
 unkn[n oxy*lorides1 & ( ! mononitride  
:i* ,b]zelius _h reg>d$ z ! metal1 &    
la/ly to fix its real atomic weight & to

 %[ t x 0 approximately #af bel[ t      
assum$ by ,b]zelius4 ,x 0 only v        
gradually t ! true *emical relation%ips 
( vanadium reveal$ !mselves4 ,= a "t !  
indications 7 contradictory & p]plex+4  
,! fir/ clue 0 giv5 by ,rammelsb]g's    
obs]vation t vanad9ite is isomorph\s )  
pyromorphite & mimetesite--analog\sly   
con/itut$ m9]als conta9+ phosphorus &   
ars5ic4 ,! next significant fact to be  
discov]$ 0 t by ! action ( a r$uc+ ag5t 
x 0 possible to obta9 a solution ( a    
vanadium oxide :i* on reoxidation to    
vanadic acid appe>$ to require z mu*    
oxyg5 z ,b]zelius's vanadium1 reg>d$ z  
metal1 w\ld h ne$$4 ,:5 x 0 discov]$ t !
 volatile *loride :i* ,b]zelius _h      
consid]$ 0 a tri*loride & free f oxyg51 
9 reality conta9$ oxyg51 & 0 analog\s 9 
con/itution to phosphoryl *loride1 !    
:ole matt] 0 rapidly cle>$ up1 & !      
*emical aff9ities ( vanadium to         
phosphorus1 ars5ic1 & ! o!r memb]s ( !  
trival5t gr\p 7 e/abli%$4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1
 necessitat$ alt]+ ! =mul ( ! vanadium  

comp\nds hi!rto describ$4  ,at ! close (
 ! ,college ,session #ahff-ahfg1 ,roscoe
 took away ) him ! laboratory j\rnals   
conta9+ ! results ( ! inquiry z f> z x  
_h progress$1 & work$ at !m at ,roddam  
,hall1 ne> ,alnwick1 :i* he _h tak5 = ! 
,long ,vacation4  ,! foll[+ lett]s h    
ref]5ce to ?is matt]3                   
,,roddam1 ,,ne> ,,alnwick1              
,augu/ #bf1 #ahfg4      ,i write a l9e  
to say t ,i hope y are gett+ on well &  
t ,i %all soon he> f y4''' ,i want y v  
mu* to /ay     ) me till ,april to      
settle ! vanadium & light matt]s     &  
help me 9 ,london ) my lectures4''' ,i h
 at la/ f\nd     out ab\t vanadium4 ,!  
acid is ,v,o l ,p,o4 ,! *loride         
,v,o,cl l ,p,o,cl & ! solid *lorides    
,v,o,cl1 ,v,o,cl1 etc4     ,?is expla9s 
! isomorphism ( ! vanadate ( lead & !   
correspond+ phosphate & lots ( o!r      
po9ts4 ,x becomes     v int]e/+ n[4     
,pray write a l9e & say :e!r y w /ay    
till ,april1 &     :5 y w be back4  ,!  
fir/ p>agraph 9 ! next lett] alludes to 

! circum/ance t ! pres5t writ] _h j     
return$ f ,lisbon1 :]e he _h c>ri$ out !
 photometric measurem5ts already ref]r$ 
to4                                     
,,roddam ,,hall1 ,,ne> ,,alnwick1       
,septemb] #ab1 #ahfg4      ,i 0 v glad  
to he> by y\r note receiv$ to-day ( y\r 
safe arrival & ! success ( y\r          
obs]vations4''' ,y did     q "r 9       
return+ home r ?an wait indef9itely =   
! ,j]ome4 ,! work+ out ( y\r ,p> & ( !  
,lisbon     direct & diffuse-light      
exp]im5ts w take "s "t &     lab\r1 b ,i
 believe ! results w repay ! tr\ble4''' 
,i h be5 up to ! ,dundee ,briti%        
,association meet+ =     a few days1 b  
,i n[1 9 all probability1 %all /op "h1 s
     t ,i c at once answ] y\r lett]4    
,please ask ,joseph ,heywood to s5d me  
p] book-po/ ,pogg4     ,ann41 vol4 #ih1 
9 :i* volume is ,rammelsb]g's pap] on ! 
isomorphism ( vanadates & phosphates4   
,!re is no d\bt 9     my m9d t vanadic  
acid is ,v,o1 & x w be exce$+ly         
int]e/+ to "w out ! vanadates :i* mu/   

all be     expla9$ z phosphates4 ,!     
ord9>y :ite ,,nh salt is ,,nh,,vo     7l
 ,na,p,o7 & is a meta-vanadate4 ,!      
bi-vanadates c also     be expla9$1 b   
all ne$ re-prep>ation & analysis4 ,did  
,i     tell y t we h n[ got      ,v,o1  
,v,o1 ,v,o1 ,v,o 7,i wi% we _h ,v also67
     ,v,o,cl1 ,v,o,cl1 ,v,o,cl1 &       
,v,o,cl1 or ,v,o,cl1 ,v,o,cl1 ,v,o,cl   
,at ,/4 ,&rews ,i saw ,pr(essor ,h$dle2 
he has a cry/al half     apatite & half 
vanad9ite1 & he ?rew out ! sugge/ion    
long ago t vanadic acid is ,v,o4''' ,i  
hope y w write soon     & let me he> :at
 y h to say ab\t my plan4 ,i w !n       
write :at ,i ?9k ( y\r ideas4         99
       99       99       99       99    
,,roddam1                               
,tuesday1 ,septemb] #ag1 #ahfg4      ,i 
h n[ edit$ ! atomic weight det]m9ations 
by     oxidation1 & also ! v>i\s oxides 
( vanadium4 ,i h     n[ to d ! *lorides4
 ,_m po9ts /ill rema9 requir+     cle>+ 
up4          7#a7 ,z reg>ds ! sl[       
oxidation ( ! ,v,o         7,b]zelius's 

suboxide72 a sample made on ,novemb]    
#ac1 #ahff1 weigh+ #jgejg1 weigh$ on    
,june #ab1 #ahfg1         #jhgcc4 ,?is  
corresponds to an oxide high] ?an ,v,o  
7,v  #ead74 ,n[ ,i want ?is oxide & tube
 dry+ "u         ! air-pump & weigh+    
c>efully & keep+ =         fur!r        
exam9ation 7! weight ( tube & oxide 0   
#cfjff on ,june #ab? la/74          7#b7
 ,:5 a neutral solution ( ,v,o 9 ,,s,h1 
got by         z9c r$uction1 &          
neutraliz$ by excess ( z9c1 is          
expos$ to a curr5t ( air1 x goes br[n1 &
 ?is         br[n col\r does n alt]4    
,analys$ by p]manganate         x w\ld  
seem to conta9 ,v,o4 ,i want ?is        
confirm+4          7#c7 ,try to get     
sight ( a copy ( ,greg & ,lettsom's     
8,briti% ,m9]alogy0 7y c g & call on    
,mr4 ,robt4         ,p4 ,greg1 ,greg    
,bros41 ,*anc]y ,lane1 & ask him to l5d 
y ! book = me74 ,"u 8,vanad9ite0 y w see
         "s m5tion ( ,h$dle & 8         
obs]vations4 ,i f9d         no?+ ab\t   
him 9 ,rammelsb]g's pap]4          7#d7 

,has ,v,o be5 prep>$ by heat+ ! suboxide
 ,v,o         9 ! air at l[ temp]atures8
 ,is x gre58      ,! ?+ above all o!rs  
necess>y = u n[ is to get !     metal4  
,we mu/ set ab\t ?is at ! beg9n+ ( !    
session4      ,if y h "t be=e y g away  
to cle> up ^! f\r     prelim9>y po9ts ,i
 %all be glad4         99       99      
99       99       99                    
,,roddam1                               
,septemb] #bf1 #ahfg4      ,! fir/ ?+ to
 d :5 we beg9 w be to try to get !      
metal ,v  #eac by =m+ ! ammonio-*loride 
& r$uc+     ! nitride 9 ammonia4''' ,if 
we only c get #je ( metal !     "q (    
atomic weight is settl$ beyond dispute4 
,i h n[ collat$ all ! exp]im5ts3 7#a7   
,on ! oxides     ( vanadium2 7#b7 on !  
det]m9ation ( atomic weight     by      
r$uction ( ,v,o to ,v,o2 7#c7 on !      
oxy*lorides     & det]m9ation ( atomic  
weight f ! *lor9e     det]m9ations4 ,^! 
latt] require re-calculation z ,i d n   
"k h[ mu* %\ld be all[$ = z impurity 9 !
 silv]4     ,/ill1 ,i see already t ?is 

alt]ation c be b v     slight1 & !      
numb]s agree v well1 viz4 7#a7 mean at4 
wt4     f r$uction expts4 #eacfb        
7probable error #jjfh72 7#b7 mean     ( 
#i volumetric *lor9e det]m9ations ( !   
oxytri*loride     #fabh2 7#c7 mean ( #h 
weight det]m9ations ( *lor9e #faba1     
s t z f> z ,i yet see ! true atomic     
weight is #eacj4      ,i am oblig$ by   
y\r extract f ,greg & ,lettsom4 ,:5 9   
,/4     ,&rews ,i saw ,pr(essor ,h$dle1 
& he promis$ to s5d me "s     cry/alliz$
 specim5s ( vanad9ite & pyromorphite    
exi/+     9 "o cry/al4      ,i ?9k ,i h 
got q matt] en\gh = "o pap]1 b ,i       
%\ld l to h ! metal if only 9 suffici5t 
quantity to     oxidize up to ,v,o &    
det]m9e ! increase4 ,ev]y?+ c     be v  
nicely us$1 & all fits 9 well2 b1 (     
c\rse1 su*     a fir/ pap] mu/ 9 "s     
po9ts be imp]fect4      ,i ?9k x is     
p]haps be/ t  %\ld give ! lectures1 z   
,i am sure to want y 9 ,london sev]al   
,saturdays--o!rwise ,i     %\ld h be5 v 
glad = y to h tak5 ! c\rse4      ,y w be

 back on ,saturday1 ,octob] #e?1 ,i     
suppose4 ,we mu/     re-calculate all ! 
analyses ) ! exact atomic weight4       
,?is c soon be done1 & ,i %\ld l to get 
?is fir/     "p (f my h&s be=e long4    
,i hope y are enjoy+ ?is spl5did autumn 
wea!r4      '''      ,z reg>ds ! blue   
oxide got by gradual oxidation ( ,v,o   
7suboxide7 we h analyses prov+ x to be  
,v,o--by oxidation4     ,x is v possible
 t ! fur!r increase 9 weight is due     
to ! hydration ( ?is oxide4 ,we mu/ wait
 until ! gre5     sub/ance rema9s       
con/ant1 & we mu/ !n det]m9e !     wat] 
& ! ,v,o4  ,roscoe's fir/ memoir on !   
subject 0 read to ! ,royal ,society on  
,decemb] #ai1 #ahfg1 & 0 made ! ,bak]ian
 ,lecture ( t session4#ag ,on ,febru>y  
#ad1 #ahfh1 he gave a ,friday ev5+      
disc\rse at ! ,royal ,in/itution 8,on   
,vanadium1 "o ( ! ,trival5t ,gr\ps (    
,elem5ts10 :5 ! writ] act$ z 8          
lecture-assi/ant4 ,hav+ arrang$ !       
exp]im5tal illu/rations1 ! assi/ant sp5t
 a sp>e half-h\r 9 w&]+ ?r\gh ! old     

laboratories 9 ! cell>s ( ! ,in/itution1
 sacr$ to ! g5ius & lab\rs ( ,davy &    
,f>aday4 ,9 look+ ov] "s specim5s 9 a   
cupbo>d he came ^u a small bottle       
conta9+ ammonium vanadate1 labell$ 8,s5t
 to me by ,b]zelius4 #ahca10 & on x     
,f>aday's well-kn[n monogram by way (   
signature4 ,a portion ( ! sub/ance 0    
aft]w>ds plac$ at ,roscoe's disposal by 
! late ,sir ,edw>d ,frankl&1 at ! "t    
,full]ian ,pr(essor ( ,*emi/ry4 ,on     
exam9ation x 0 f\nd to conta9           
consid]able quantities ( phosphoric     
acid1 ?us s]v+ to indicate ! probable   
cause ( ! discrepancy betwe5 ! numb]s   
obta9$ by ,b]zelius & ,roscoe 9 ! c\rse 
( ! atomic weight det]m9ations4 ,x _h   
be5 obs]v$ t ! pres5ce ( ev5 traces (   
phosphorus prev5ts ! complete r$uction 9
 hydrog5 ( ! vanadium p5toxide to       
vanad\s oxide4  ,"s little "t aft] !    
appe>ance ( ! fir/ memoir on vanadium1 !
 writ] proce$$ to ,heidelb]g to /udy "u 
,buns51 to :om at t "t practically all  
,roscoe's s5ior /ud5ts :o 7 9 a position

 to g to ,g]many 7 s5t4 ,x _h be5       
report$ 9 a ,fr5* p]iodical on popul>   
sci5ce t ,roscoe _h be5 aw>d$ ! ,copley 
m$al = 8 "w on vanadium1 & ( c\rse 8 =m]
 assi/ant _h ha/5$ to congratulate him  
on t ev5t4                              
,,camfield ,,place1 ,,hatfield1 ,,h]ts1 
,septemb] #ac1 #ahfh4      ,9 ! fir/    
place let me ?ank y = y\r lett] &       
congratulations ^u ! great ,fr5*        
discov]y6 ,_m ( ^!     ,p>isian wond]s h
 aft] all turn$ out my?s--& ?is la/     
is1 ,i believe1 no exception--!         
expression 8,m$aille de ,copley0     is1
 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! ,fr5* 7& bad ,fr5*
 too67 =     ! 8,bak]ian ,lecture40 ,i  
am1 h[ev]1 none ! less oblig$     to y =
 y\r good wi%es on ?is occasion1 & = all
 !     valuable help :i* 9 _m ways y    
gave me4      '''      ,?anks = y\r news
 ( my de> fri5d4 ,i h be5 v remiss     9
 n writ+ to him4 ,tell him s1 please2 & 
ask him to s5d     me ! fir/ pro(-%eets 
( 8 8,filtration0 pap] = me to          
translate2 unless1 inde$1 y d x y\rself1

 z ,i am sure y     c p]fectly well4    
,give ,buns5 my k9de/ reg>ds1 & say     
t ,i w write to him soon4  ,"p ,,ii (   
8,rese>*es on ,vanadium10 deal+ ) !     
*lorides ,v,cl1 ,v,cl1 & ,v,cl1 &       
metallic vanadium1 :i* he obta9$ by     
heat+ ! di*loride 9 hydrog51 0 pres5t$  
to ! ,royal ,society on ,june #af1      
#ahfi1ah & 8 la/ memoir1 treat+ ( !     
bromides1 & ( c]ta9 ( ! metallic        
vanadates1 includ+ vanad9ite :i* he     
prep>$ artificially1 on ,april #g1      
#ahgj4ai  ,) ! m5tion ( a %ort          
communication1 8,on ,two ,new ,vanadium 
,m9]als10 to ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal     
,society = #ahgf1bj & ( a lecture on    
8,rec5t ,discov]ies ab\t ,vanadium0 at !
 ,royal ,in/itution1 ! =ego+ /atem5t    
includes all ,roscoe's publi%$          
contributions to ! hi/ory ( vanadium4 ,z
 reg>ds orig9al "w1 he h&$ ov] ! subject
 to 8 s5ior /ud5ts1 & "u 8 inspiration &
 direction a consid]able numb] (        
communications f ! ,ow5s ,college       
,laboratory 7 made to ! ,*emical        

,society f ,cr[ 7#ahgf71 ,b$son 7#ahgf71
 ,h4 ,bak] 7#ahgh71 ,kay 7#ahhj71       
,bri]ley 7#ahhf71 ,hall 7#ahhg71 &      
publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,*emical  
,society4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,o!r notewor?y             
contributions by ,roscoe to inorganic   
*emi/ry are 8 /udy ( tung/5 comp\nds1 9 
:i* he describes = ! fir/ "t ! exi/5ce (
 ! p5ta*loride ,w,cl & ! correspond+    
p5tabromide ,w,br1#ba & 8 discov]y (    
uranium p5ta*loride1 ,u,cl4#bb  ,^!     
comp\nds are ( consid]able !oretical    
int]e/ on acc\nt ( _! 8anomal\s0 "*4 ,he
 also discov]$ columbium tri*loride1    
,cb,cl1 :i* he f\nd to h ! rem>kable    
prop]ty ( decompos+ c>bon dioxide :5    
heat$ 9 t gas ) ! =mation ( columbium   
oxy*loride1 ,cb,o,cl1 & c>bon           
monoxide--a reaction n exhibit$ by any  
o!r metallic *loride 7,*em4 ,soc4       
,ab/racts1 #ahgh1 #bgb71 & he det]m9$ ! 
vap\r d5sities ( ! *lorides ( lead &    
?allium :i* he %[$ to be normal4#bc  ,an
 exam9ation ( ! e>? metals conta9$ 9    

sam>skite prov$ t ! r>e e>?-metal       
ann\nc$ by ,delafonta9e "u ! "n (       
8philippium0 0 a mixture ( yttrium &    
t]bium4#bd  ,! sp>k spectrum ( t]bium 0 
at ! same "t mapp$ by him & ,s*u/]4 ,an 
exam9ation ( a specim5 ( oxide :i* ought
 to conta9 8philippium0 9 l>ge          
quantities if t *emical elem5t exi/$ %[$
 no conclusive evid5ce ( any o!r metals 
?an yttrium or t]bium4#be  ,9 #ahhb he  
s5t to ! ,fr5* ,academy a note on a     
re-det]m9ation ( ! atomic weight ( c>bon
 by ! me?od ( ,dumas & ,/as1 us+ ,cape  
diamonds1 & obta9$ ! value #abjjb 7,o   
#af7 z ! mean ( six exp]im5ts 7,*em4    
,soc4 ,ab/racts1 #ahhb1 #gbd74 ,he also 
%[$1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,s*u/]1 t !        
spectrum ( ! c>bon dioxide furni%$ by ! 
,s\? ,african diamond 0 id5tical ) t    
furni%$ by o!r =ms ( c>bon4  ,s long z  
he rema9$ 9 ,man*e/] ,roscoe 0 9 ! habit
 ( mak+ occasional contributions to !   
meet+s ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical     
,society on g5]al or local int]e/4      
,among ^! communications 7 pap]s on     

ars5ic-eat+ 9 ,/yria2 on a cry/allizable
 c>bon comp\nd 9 ! ,alais meteorite2 on 
! am\nt ( c>bonic acid 9 ,man*e/] air2  
on ! corrosion ( lead5 hot-wat] ci/]ns2 
,dalton's fir/ table ( ,atomic ,weights1
 etc4--all ( :i* are pr9t$ 9 ! ,proce$+s
 or ,memoirs ( ! ,society4  ,roscoe 0   
l>gely in/rum5tal 9 mak+ spectrum       
analysis fir/ kn[n to ,briti% m5 (      
sci5ce & ! ,briti% public g5]ally4      
,almo/ imm$iately aft] ! publication (  
,buns5 & ,kir*h(f's classical pap] 9    
,pogg5dorff's ,annal51 he translat$ x = 
! ,philosophical ,magaz9e4 ,he also gave
 _m public lectures on ! subject1 beg9n+
 ) t at ! ,royal ,in/itution on ,m>* #a1
 #ahfa--"o ( ! mo/ successful ( ! _m he 
deliv]$ !re4 ,inde$1 !re 7 few ( our    
l>g] t[ns 9 :i* he 0 n invit$ at "o "t  
or o!r dur+ ! sixties & e>ly sev5ties to
 lecture on t a/oni%+ developm5t (      
n9ete5?-c5tury sci5ce4 ,^! lectures     
involv$ no inconsid]able ef=t4 ,!y      
necessitat$ mu* bulky & fragile app>atus
 difficult to transport4 ,"s ( !        

illu/rations c\ld only be %[n to a l>ge 
audi5ce by means ( ! electric lant]n1 & 
?is1 9 ^? days1 ne$$ ! provision ( a    
l>ge batt]y ( ,groves's cells2          
electricity 8laid-on0 by a public       
au?ority 0 n !n1 z n[1 almo/ ev]y:]e    
available4  ,"o ( ^! c\rses ( six       
lectures giv5 to ! ,society ( ,apo!c>ies
 ( ,london 9 #ahfh 0 subsequ5tly        
publi%$1 ) additions1 9 an admirably    
illu/rat$ volume :i* _h a consid]able   
measure ( success--a second edition1    
/ill m l>gely augm5t$ ow+ to !          
extraord9>y rapidity ) :i* k on cele/ial
 *emi/ry increas$1 be+ call$ = )9 a ye>4
 ,9 ! prep>ation ( a ?ird & f\r? edition
 he 0 assi/$ by 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,s*u/]4 ,z 
! successive editions %[1 ! rate at :i* 
lit]ature accumulat$ r\nd ! subject 0   
altoge!r unprec$5t$ 9 ! hi/ory (        
sci5tific discov]y4  ,roscoe made an    
attempt to apply ! spectroscope to !    
,bessem] process ( /eel manufacture1 & =
 ?is purpose caus$ a long s]ies (       
obs]vations to be made1 fir/ at ,br[n's 

,atlas works 9 ,%effield1 & !n at !     
,crewe works ( ! ,l4  ,n4,w4 ,railway   
,company1 :5 a consid]able am\nt (      
in=mation conc]n+ ! peculi>ities ( !    
spectrum ( ! conv]t]-flame 0 ga9$1 ma9ly
 by ! obs]vations ( ,dr4 ,w4 ,m>%all    
,watts1 a =m] /ud5t & "o ( 8 assi/ants1 
:o took ov] ! subsequ5t conduct ( !     
inquiry4  ,consid]+ 8 int]e/ 9 !        
subject1 comp>atively little orig9al "w 
on spectroscopy 0 publi%$ by ,roscoe4   
,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! inquiries ) :i*  
he 0 conc]n$3      8,on ! ,effect (     
,increas$ ,temp]ature ^u ! ,nature (    
! ,light ,emitt$ by ! ,vap\r ( ,c]ta9   
,metals on ,metallic     ,comp\nds40 ,by
 ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe & ,r4 ,b4 ,clifton4    
,man*e/]     ,phil4 ,soc4 ,proc4 ,,ii4  
7#ahfj-ahfb71 pp4 #bbg-bcj4      8,note 
on ! ,absorption-spectra ( ,potassium & 
,sodium at ,l[     ,temp]atures40 ,by   
,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe & ,a4 ,s*u/]4 ,roy4     
,soc4     ,proc4 ,,xxii4 7#ahgd71 pp4   
#cfb-cfd4      8,on !                   
,absorption-spectra ( ,brom9e & ,iod9e  

,mono*loride40     ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe &
 ,t4 ,e4 ,?orpe4 ,phil4 ,trans4         
,,clxvii4     7#ahgh71 pp4 #bjg-bab4    
8,note on ! ,id5tity ( ! ,spectra       
,obta9$ f !     ,diff]5t ,allotropic    
,=ms ( ,c>bon40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe &   
,a4     ,s*u/]4 ,man*e/] ,lit4 ,phil4   
,soc4 ,proc4 ,,xix4 7#ahhj71 pp4        
#df-di4      8,! ,spectrum ( ,t]bium40  
,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe & ,a4 ,s*u/]4       
,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4 ,,xli4 7#ahhb71 pp4   
#bhc-bhg4  ,! only attempt he 0 able to 
make to contribute to our k ( ! *emi/ry 
( ! sun by spectroscopic obs]vations _h 
an unlucky end+4 ,he =m$ "o ( ! memb]s (
 ! ,gov]nm5t exp$ition s5t to ,sicily to
 obs]ve ! total sol> eclipse ( ,decemb] 
#bb1 #ahgj4 ,! foll[+ lett]s ref] to ?is
 subject3                               
,,victoria ,,p>k1 ,,man*e/]1            
,novemb] #b1 #ahgj4      ,locky] has    
ask$ me to g ) him 9 ! ,am]ican ,eclipse
     ,exp$ition4 ,i h a good m9d to d s1
 b ,i h writt5     to say t ,i 0 n sure 
t ,i c\ld make ! obs]vations     alone  

7671 & t x w\ld be v desirable t y %\ld 
g too6 ,s we %all see :at comes ( x4    
,i am un=tunately laid up ) an attack ( 
g\t1 :i* q     disables me & r$uces me  
to ! level ( ! bea/s t     p]i%4 ,h[ev]1
 ,i hope soon to be all "r aga94      ,i
 w write to ,francis ab\t ! ,lisbon     
pap]1 :i* ought     c]ta9ly to be       
out4'''      ,did ,s*orlemm] write to y 
ab\t y\r attack+ ! ,g]mans     = attack+
 ! ,fr5*8 ,he 0 q wild1 & came up to me 
9 su* a /ate ( excitem5t t ,i c\ld      
sc>cely und]/&     :at he said4 ,h[ev]1 
"u ! influ5ce ( cig>s & a     bottle (  
%]ry he cool$ d[n aga9 & p]haps has     
buri$     8 res5tm5t4      ,huxley comes
 = ! fir/ ( ! ,sci5ce ,lectures on      
,friday4      ,i am delight$ to he> (   
y\r numb]s ( ev5+ /ud5ts1 &     0 mu*   
pleas$ by y\r ,introductory4 ,i h no    
d\bt t !     laboratory w fill too4 ,y  
mu/ h pati5ce4         99       99      
99       99       99                    
,,ow5s ,,college1 ,,man*e/]1            
,novemb] #ai1 #ahgj4      ,( c\rse y    

come to ,sicily4''' ,locky] ?9ks ( go+  
on     ,decemb] #h?4 ,p]haps ,i may g a 
day e>li]--) y if y     c come--& sp5d  
tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 ,heidelb]g4      ,i s5d
 box1 /&1 pap]s1 & all ,i c f9d--except 
insolation     affairs :i* _c yet be got
 out ( ,h's h&s4 ,he %all     h no peace
 till !y are ready1 & !y %all !n be     
s5t at once to y4 ,y w be responsible = 
! :ole     app>atus be+ 9 ord]4 ,look !m
 ov] c>efully4''' ,y "k     :at is      
want$4  ,un=tunately ,h4,m4,s4 ,psy*e1 !
 vessel convey+ ! p>ty f ,naples1 0     
wreck$ (f ,aci ,reale1 ab\t a c\ple (   
miles to ! nor? ( ! classic ,cyclops    
rocks1 & "u ! %ad[ ( ,etna1 by /rik+ a  
subm]g$ & un*>t$ rock4 ,! %ip 0 badly   
hol$1 & rapidly began to fill1 b        
=tunately ! wea!r 0 f9e & ! sea calm1 & 
all 7 got safely on %ore4 ,! cliffs 7   
sc>cely #bjj y>ds away1 b ! l&+ 0       
difficult1 ! jagg$ reefs ( lava seem+ to
 af=d no sure foot+4 ,ev5tually all !   
in/rum5tal equipm5t 0 also l&$1 9 a m or
 less damag$ condition1 b mu* ( !       

p]sonal baggage 0 lo/4 ,a lett] writt5  
by "o ( ! memb]s ( ! exp$ition :i* f\nd 
its way into a ,man*e/] newspap] ?us    
describes ! ev5t3      ,we =m$ ourselves
 into a l9e to pass ! ?+s along !       
rocks to ! prom95ce :i* we _h m\nt$4''' 
,ev]ybody     work$ ) a w1 & lab\r$ l   
galley-slaves4 ,! %ip     _h n[ settl$  
d[n consid]ably2 ! wat] 0 up to h]      
qu>t]1 & ! boats pu%$ (f 9 ! expectation
 t %e     w\ld roll (f ! reef4 ,by ?is  
"t we _h almo/ /ripp$     ! %ip ( ev]y?+
 easily movable1 & we prep>$ to get     
x to a secure place4 ,! ne>e/ po9t      
habitable 0 ,catania1     sev5 miles to 
! s\?1 & we got ! boats ready to take   
ourselves & our ?+s ?i!r4''' ,roscoe    
assum$ comm& (     our exp$ition4       
,ev]ybody seem$ to look to him          
in/9ctively4     ,i %all nev] =get !    
sight ( him1 /&+1 ) 8     legs ap>t to  
/eady himself on a n>r[ piece ( ! lava  
rock1 ) 8 arm /ret*$ out1 giv+ 8 ord]s )
 !     au?ority ( "o :o seem$ born to   
comm&4 ,z ! gig 0     ab\t to pu% (f ,i 

saw him look r\nd1 & :5 he saw me he    
motion$ = me to get into x4''' ,9 a few 
h\rs ! rema9d]     ( ! p>ty arriv$1 &   
%ortly aft]w>ds ! luggage &             
app>atus4  ,x 0 arrang$ t ,roscoe1      
assi/$ by ! late ,sir ,george ,d>w9 &   
,mr4 ,b[5 ( ,h>r[ ,s*ool1 %\ld make     
obs]vations on ! spectrum ( ! corona f a
 position on ,m\nt ,etna z high z ! sn[ 
w\ld p]mit4 ,on ! day be=e t ( ! eclipse
 ! p>ty _h toil$ up m ?an #e1jjj feet ( 
! m\nta9 ) _! in/rum5ts /rapp$ on !     
backs ( half a doz5 mules1 to a des]t$  
hut on ! side ( ! volcano4 ,! night 0   
sp5t 9 a /orm ( ra9 & sn[1 & next morn+1
 9 a pi]c+ w9d1 ! in/rum5ts 7 put toge!r
 ) b5umb$ f+]s4 ,z ! sun 0 gradually    
cov]$1 ! sky became cl\d$ ov] & ! upp]  
"p ( ,etna 0 completely envelop$ 9 fog1 
& dur+ ! m9ute ( totality a viol5t      
hail/orm broke ov] ! p>ty1 r5d]+ all    
obs]vations impossible4  ,a numb] (     
measurem5ts ( ! *emical int5sity (      
daylight dur+ ! progress ( ! eclipse 71 
h[ev]1 made by ! writ] at ,catania1 "s  

little di/ance away1 by ! me?od describ$
 by ,roscoe 9 ! ,bak]ian ,lecture =     
#ahfe4 ,^! %[$ t ! dim9ution 9 ! total  
*emical int5sity ( ! sun's light dur+ an
 eclipse is directly proportional to !  
magnitude ( ! obscuration ( ! sol>      
disc4#bf  ,?is matt] is ref]r$ to 9 !   
foll[+ lett]4                           
,june #aa1 #ahga4      ,! results are v 
int]e/+1 & y h work$ !m out     9 an    
admirable mann]4 ,i _h no idea t s mu*  
c\ld be     made out4      ,i am writ+  
at once to ,airy & ,locky] to ask !m    
:e!r     we may n s5d ! pap] to ! ,royal
 ,society 7la/ meet+     on ,?ursday    
next7 s z to h x 9 s]ies ) our o!r      
pap]s4      ,i h j he>d f ,wild1 !      
director ( all ! ,russian               
obs]vatories1 t he is anxi\s to adopt ! 
plan ov] all     ! ,russias1 & wants an 
automatic arrangem5t4 ,s ,i am go+     9
 = x & hope to get a ma*9e made be=e    
long4 ,x is     really too important to 
be delay$4      ,y des]ve great cr$it = 
y\r lab\rs1 & by rights !     pap] %\ld 

be y\rs alone1 b p]haps we _h bett] keep
     toge!r4 ,we c d ! automatic affair 
also toge!r if y     l4  ,! automatic   
arrangem5t allud$ to has already be5    
m5tion$4 ,x 0 n proce$$ )4     ,,*apt]  
,,viii  ,,roscoe ,,& ,,*emical          
,,lit]ature   ,roscoe's s]vices to      
*emi/ry are to be measur$ z mu* by 8    
contributions to its educational        
lit]ature z by 8 ef=ts to enl>ge its    
b\nd>ies by orig9al inquiry4 ,= !re c be
 no "q t 8 v>i\s text-books1 rang+ f !  
mo/ elem5t>y 8fir/-/eps0 & prim]s1 ?r\gh
 diff]5t grades to ! mo/ compreh5sive ( 
treatises1 h prov$ ( ! greate/ s]vice to
 ! tea*]1 & h ex]cis$ a pr(\nd influ5ce 
9 ! diffusion ( *emical k 9 ?is c\ntry &
 abroad4  ,8 8,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y      
,*emi/ry10 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,macmillan's 
s]ies ( class text-books1 0 fir/ publi%$
 9 #ahff1 ! fair copy = ! press be+     
writt5 out ) *>act]i/ic neatness by 8   
wife4 ,its appe>ance s soon aft] !      
rem>kable report ( ! ,duke (            
,devon%ire's ,commission :i* _h awak5$  

widespread att5tion to ! almo/ univ]sal 
neglect ( all sci5ce tea*+ 9 our public 
s*ools 0 mo/ timely4 ,! book w5t ?r\gh  
edition aft] edition1 & despite !       
competition ( doz5s ( simil> works is   
/ill a fav\rite class-book4  ,at !      
sugge/ion ( 8 fri5d ,lo?> ,mey] x 0     
translat$ into ,g]man by ,s*orlemm]1 &  
publi%$ by ,vieweg  ,son1 & has be5     
l>gely us$ 9 ,g]man s*ools & colleges4  
,translations h also appe>$ 9 ,russian1 
,italian1 ,hung>ian1 ,poli%1 ,sw$i%1 9  
mod]n ,greek1 ,japanese1 & 9 "o ( !     
,indian v]nacul>s1 ,urdu4 ,conc]n+ ?is  
la/ translation1 ,roscoe us$ to tell an 
amus+ /ory4 ,! ,urdu "w 0 li?ograph$1 n 
pr9t$1 ! page be+ ne>ly twice ! size ( t
 ( ! ,engli% orig9al1 :i* 0 a small     
octavo4 ,! illu/rations 7 also          
proportionately magnifi$1 includ+ t %[+ 
! l5g? ( a decimetre & its sub-divisions
 ( c5timetres & millimetres6  ,/ill m   
successful1 z reg>ds its sale1 0 8      
8,*emi/ry ,prim]10 publi%$ 9 #ahgj1 &   
int5d$ to s]ve z ! fir/ /ep 9 *emi/ry 9 

s*ools4 ,x also 0 widely translat$1     
editions hav+ appe>$ 9 ,icel&ic1 ,poli%1
 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,japanese1 ,b5gali1  
,turki%1 ,malayalam1 & ,tamil4  ,he also
 publi%$ two text-books on 8,inorganic  
,*emi/ry10 "o = beg9n]s1 9 conjunction )
 ,dr4 ,lunt2 & a l>g] "o = advanc$      
/ud5ts1 9 association ) ,dr4 ,h>d51 ea* 
( :i* has rea*$ a second edition4  ,a f>
 m ambiti\s und]tak+ 0 ! prep>ation &   
publication ( ! l>ge 8,treatise on      
,*emi/ry10 9 ! writ+ ( :i* he _h !      
invaluable co-op]ation ( 8 colleague    
,s*orlemm]4 ,! fir/ volume appe>$ 9     
#ahgg4 ,x is s well kn[n t no           
description ( x is necess>y4 ,x is an   
em95tly readable "w1 admirably pr9t$ &  
beautifully illu/rat$4 ,inde$1 9 /yle & 
appe>ance x is h>dly approa*$ by any?+ (
 ! k9d 9 ! language4 ,x 0 translat$ into
 ,g]man by ,s*orlemm]1 & publi%$ by     
,vieweg  ,son1 & has n[ l>gely replac$ !
 "t-hon\r$ ,graham-,otto z a text-book 9
 ,g]man colleges & te*nical s*ools4     
,un=tunately1 ow+ to ,s*orlemm]'s dea? 9

 #ahib1 ! organic section 9 ! ,engli%   
edition 0 nev] f9i%$4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5
 complet$ 9 ! ,g]man edition "u !       
direction ( ! late ,pr(essor ,brhl (    
,heidelb]g--a circum/ance :i* w\ld seem 
to ?r[ "s light on ! comp>ative position
 ( organic *emi/ry 9 ?is c\ntry & 9     
,g]many4 ,x ought1 h[ev]1 to be /at$ t  
if ! :ole ( ! organic section 7 compil$ 
) ! same att5tion to hi/orical detail1 &
 ! same fullness ( in=mation t          
*>act]izes ! inorganic portion1 ! "w    
w\ld become practically unsaleable on   
acc\nt ( its size4 ,at ! "t ! treatise 0
 plann$ ! extraord9>y expansion (       
organic *emi/ry :i* has occurr$ dur+ !  
pa/ =ty ye>s c\ld h>dly h be5           
anticipat$4 ,x may be1 z old ,?omas     
,full] wrote1 t 8le>n+ ha? ga9$ mo/ by  
^? books by :i* ! pr9t]s h lo/40 ,b     
philan?ropy is n ! fir/ bus9ess (       
publi%]s4  ,! inorganic section ( !     
,engli% "w has pass$ ?r\gh sev]al       
editions1 & 0 ?or\ghly revis$ & l>gely  
re-writt5 f "t to "t ) ! help ( num]\s  

collaborators4 ,! fif? edition on 8,!   
,metals & _! ,comp\nds0 made its        
appe>ance 9 ! autumn ( #aiac--;& is a   
goodly volume ( ne>ly #a1ejj pages4     
,roscoe1 !n 9 8 eightie? ye>1 work$ h>d 
at ! revision & read ! pro(s ) all ! c>e
 & dilig5ce he exp5d$ on ! orig9al "w4  
,"s "t prior to #ahie he 0 induc$ by 8  
fri5d1 ! late ,sir ,wemyss ,reid1 to    
und]take ! editor%ip ( ! ,c5tury ,s]ies 
( ,biographies ( ,sci5tific ,m51        
project$ by ,cassell  ,co4 ,to ?is he   
contribut$ a popul> acc\nt ( ! life & "w
 ( ,dalton "u ! title ( 8,john ,dalton &
 ! ,rise ( ,mod]n ,*emi/ry0--a little "w
 :i* he wrote ) mu* ze/ & a ?or\gh      
appreciation ( ! f9e "* ( ! gr& old     
,cumbrian ,quak]4  ,m5tion has already  
be5 made ( ! 8,new ,view ( ,dalton's    
,atomic ,!ory10 :i* ,roscoe publi%$ 9   
collaboration ) ,dr4 ,h>d54 ,?is book is
 ( consid]able int]e/ & value 9 reg>d to
 ! g5esis ( a conception :i* m>ks a     
turn+-po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( *emi/ry4 ,f a   
c>eful /udy ( ,dalton's manuscripts &   

note-books :i* _h be5 discov]$ 9 ! rooms
 ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society (
 ,man*e/]1 ! au?ors 7 l$ to conclusions 
conc]n+ ! orig9 ( ! atomic !ory (       
*emi/ry :i* diff] fundam5tally f ^? :i* 
_h be5 g5]ally accept$4 ,x _h hi!rto be5
 suppos$ t x 0 ! exp]im5tal discov]y ( !
 law ( comb9ation 9 multiple proportions
 :i*1 9 8 se>* = an explanation ( ?is   
fact1 l$ ,dalton to ! idea t *emical    
comb9ation consi/s 9 ! approximation (  
atoms ( def9ite & *>act]i/ic weight1 !  
!ory ( atoms be+ adopt$ to expla9 !     
facts discov]$ by *emical analysis4 ,9  
reality ! exact opposite 0 ! case4 ,x 0 
! !ory ( ! exi/5ce ( atoms ( diff]5t    
weights t l$ ,dalton to ! discov]y ( !  
facts ( comb9ation 9 multiple           
proportions4  ,! late ,dr4 ,debus1 "s   
two ye>s previ\sly 9 a pamphlet publi%$ 
at ,cassell1 _h rea*$ a simil>          
conclusion f a /udy ( ,dalton's publi%$ 
works1 b by a diff]5t l9e ( argum5t4 ,z 
a matt] ( priority !re is no d\bt t to  
,debus belongs ! cr$it ( fir/ po9t+ out 

t ! commonly accept$ view ( ! g5esis (  
,dalton's atomic !ory is errone\s1 b x  
is no less true t ! me?od ( reason+ by  
:i* he came to t conclusion _c be       
sub/antiat$ ev5 if x is n actually      
disprov$ by ! evid5ce f ,dalton's       
note-books4 ,( c\rse ! idea ( atoms1 t  
is1 ( small indivisible p>ticles1 did n1
 z is popul>ly suppos$1 orig9ate )      
,dalton3 x is old] ?an ,sci5ce itself4  
,h[ & :]e x fir/ arose _c be exactly    
/at$4 ,dr4 ,debus attributes x to       
,mos*us1 a ,phnician philosoph] liv+ at 
,sidon ab\t #aajj ,b4,c4 ,x 0           
resuscitat$ by ,gass5di 9 ! middle ( !  
sev5te5? c5tury1 & appli$ by ,boyle1 :o 
speaks ( x z ! ,phnician philosophy1 to 
! explanation ( *emical ph5om5a4 ,newton
 made use ( x to expla9 ,boyle's law & !
 8spr+ ( air40 ,dalton almo/ c]ta9ly    
d]iv$ x f ,newton1 ) ^: corpuscul>      
notions he 0 q famili>1 & employ$ x to  
expla9 ! ph5om5a ( diffusion &          
absorption4 ,he 0 !re=e q ready to ext5d
 x to all gase\s ph5om5a1 & inde$ to    

*emical ph5om5a 9 g5]al1 to ! ext5t t x 
seem$ applicable4  ,x has be5 held t    
,dalton anticipat$ ,avogadro 9 assum+ t 
all gases conta9 equal numb]s ( 8atoms0 
7molecules74 ,dr4 ,debus adopts ?is     
view1 & assumes t ,dalton 9 #ahja made  
use ( x to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( !         
diffusion ( gases1 & t ?is idea1 along )
 8 e>ly exp]im5ts on nitric oxide &     
oxyg51 l$ to 8 atomic !ory4 ,roscoe &   
,h>d51 on ! o!r h&1 held t ,dalton nev] 
def9itely held ! view t equal volumes ( 
gases conta9 an equal numb] ( atoms     
7molecules71 nor _h su* a conception any
 be>+ ^u 8 explanation ( ! facts (      
diffusion4 ,dissatisfi$ ) ! !ory :i* he 
did hold 7viz4 ! repulsion ex]t$ by an  
atom on all o!rs ( its k9d1 b n on atoms
 ( a diff]5t k9d71 he 0 l$ to consid] ! 
behavi\r ( atoms ( unequal size1 & f9d+ 
an agreem5t ) ! obs]v$ facts1 he !n     
s\ght = means ( det]m9+ :e!r or n !     
atoms 7 actually ( unequal size1 & s 0  
l$ to ! fur!r developm5ts ( ! !ory4 ,!  
weight ( ! evid5ce goes to %[ t ,dalton 

arriv$ at 8 !ory 9 ! latt] half ( #ahjc1
 & t assumption on :i* x turn$ 0 8t no  
two species ( pure ela/ic fluids agree 9
 ! size ( _! p>ticles40 ,!re is no cle> 
indication t ,dalton ev] imag9$ t !     
simple gases 7 diatomic 9 /ructure1 :i*1
 ( c\rse1 is ! ma9 po9t 9 ,avogadro's   
hypo!sis4 ,x seems necess>y to set out  
?is matt] 9 "s detail z misappreh5sion  
appe>s to exi/1 especially 9 ,g]many1 z 
to ! m]its ( ! controv]sy :i* arose aft]
 ! appe>ance ( ,roscoe & ,h>d5's "w4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,"s ye>s aft] he _h rea*$ ! allott$     
span1 ,roscoe 0 induc$ to ?9k ( putt+ 8 
rem9isc5ces on pap]4 ,x 0 at no "t easy 
to get him to talk ab\t himself1 & !    
ef=t ( recall+ 8 recollections ) a view 
to pr9t+ !m 0 irksome to him4 ,!        
autobiography consequ5tly made no v     
rapid progress2 x ultimately got into   
some?+ l a tangle1 & 0 m ?an once on !  
po9t ( be+ committ$ to ! flames4 ,h[ev]1
 dur+ a p>ticul>ly /ormy w9t] at !      
seaside1 :5 he 0 conf9$ to ! h\se1 a    

su/a9$ ef=t on ! "p ( a det]m9$         
coadjutor got x into %ape1 & "u ! title 
( 8,! ,life & ,exp]i5ces ( ,sir ,h5ry   
,enfield ,roscoe1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41  
,f4,r4,s4 ,writt5 by ,himself10 x 0     
publi%$ by ,macmillans 9 ! spr+ ( #aijf4
 ,! book 0 well receiv$4 ,x 0 recogniz$ 
z possess+ at lea/ two ( ! ma9 ess5tials
 ( a successful autobiography--some?+   
wor? writ+ ab\t & ! faculty ( n>ration4 
,x is writt5 ) s9c]ity & directness1 &  
)1 z "o critic said1 8a *>m+ simplicity 
( /yle & ?\ght1 illum9$ ?r\gh\t by a s(t
 gl[ ( k9dly hum\r0 em95tly *>act]i/ic (
 its au?or1 & is ( int]e/ z a record ( a
 s+ul>ly full & v>i$ c>e]4 ,! gospel (  
"w nev] _h a m /r5u\s disciple4 ,x has  
hi/orical value also z ! /ory ( !       
educational *anges1 p>ticul>ly 9 sci5ce1
 :i* he help$ to secure or liv$ to      
witness4 ,x reflects _m ( 8 notewor?y   
features3 8 /rong common s5se2 8        
/raight=w>dness & hone/y ( purpose2 8   
lib]ality & inv9cible optimism2 8       
g5iality & s5se ( hum\r4 ,8 enjoym5t ( a

 good /ory makes him tell x ev5 if he is
 ! victim ( x4 ,! :ole is a pleas+      
picture ( a uni=mly calm1 cont5t$1 &    
successful life--( ! life ( "o :o 0 :at 
! ,romans call$ 8a man ( good =tune10 t 
is1 ( "o ^: prosp]ity 0 n ! result (    
*ance or accid5t1 b ( wisdom & !        
capacity to br+ its aims & ef=ts to a   
successful end+4     ,,*apt] ,,ix       
,,roscoe ,,& ,,! ,,organization ,,(     
,,sci5tific ,,societies   ,roscoe 0     
elect$ into ! ,royal ,society 9 #ahfc1 &
 s]v$ on its ,c\ncil f #ahgb to #ahgg1 &
 aga9 dur+ two subsequ5t p]iods1 viz4   
#ahha-ahhc & #ahhh-ahij4 ,he 0 a        
,vice-,presid5t 9 #ahha-ahhb1 & aga9 9  
#ahhh-ahij4 ,he gave two ,bak]ian       
,lectures1 viz4 9 #ahfe & #ahfh1 & 0    
aw>d$ a ,royal ,m$al 9 #ahgc 8= 8 v>i\s 
,*emical ,rese>*es1 m especially = 8    
,inve/igations ( ! ,*emical ,action (   
,light1 & ( ! ,comb9ations ( ,vanadium40
  ,he jo9$ ! ,*emical ,society 9 #ahee1 
& 0 a memb] ( its ,c\ncil 9 #ahfj-ahfd1 
& aga9 9 #ahga-ahgc4 ,he 0 a            

,vice-,presid5t 9 #ahgc-ahge1 & aga9 9  
#ahgg-ahhj1 & 0 ,presid5t f #ahhj to    
#ahhb4 ,8 two presid5tial addresses1    
8ab/racts & brief *ronicles ( ! "t10    
dealt ma9ly ) ! results ( *emical       
inquiry dur+ ! prec$+ ye>1 especially 9 
relation to ! inorganic section ( !     
sci5ce4 ,on ! fir/ occasion x fell to 8 
duty to ref] to ! dea? ( ,sir ,b5jam9   
,c4 ,brodie1 a =m] secret>y & presid5t (
 ! ,society1 ^: fri5d%ip1 z 8           
autobiography te/ifies1 he valu$ 8z t ( 
a true1 g5]\s1 & noble-he>t$ man40      
,roscoe 0 ! ,mc5as ( ! ,*emical         
,society4 ,inde$1 he may be said to h   
resembl$ t gr& seigneur 9 ! simplicity &
 cordiality :i*1 z ! poet tells u1      
*>act]iz$ 8 relations to ! m5 ( 8       
circle4 ,c]ta9ly no ,fell[ ( ! ,society 
ev] %[$ himself a m b5efic5t or m g5]\s 
patron4 ,! walls ( its rooms be> witness
 to 8 k9dly ?\ght & con/ant remembrance4
 ,its libr>y has be5 augm5t$ by gifts f 
him ( close ^u a ?\s& volumes1 includ+  
r>e al*emical & e>ly *emical works1 & ( 

complete sets ( "s ( ! mo/ valuable ( ! 
s]ial publications ( ! sci5ce4  ,x 0 9  
grateful recognition ( ?is lib]al &     
w>m-he>t$ enc\ragem5t ( ! objects = :i* 
! ,society 0 in/itut$ t 8 old pupils    
resolv$ to commemorate 8 connection ) x 
by plac+1 on ! occasion ( 8 eightie?    
bir?day1 8 bu/ 9 ! libr>y :i* he _h done
 s mu* to enri*1 & at ! same "t to (f] a
 replica ( ,mr4 ,drury's admirable "w to
 8 family4  ,roscoe 0 "o ( ! orig9al    
memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,*emical ,indu/ry1
 & took a lead+ "p 9 e/abli%+ x on its  
pres5t basis z a national in/itution1 ) 
local sections 9 _m ( our pr9cipal t[ns1
 & bran*es 9 c]ta9 ( our colonies1 & 9  
,am]ica4 ,h[ x orig9at$ may be glean$ f 
! foll[+ lett]4 ,!re _h be5 a previ\s   
attempt to e/abli% a local society )    
special ref]5ce to ! ,s\? ,lanca%ire    
di/rict4 ,b ,roscoe1 ) o!rs ( its       
projectors1 _h conceiv$ ! idea ( plac+ x
 on a wid] plane1 & ! meet+ ref]r$ to 0 
call$ to asc]ta9 ! g5]al feel+ z to !   
exp$i5cy ( ! action4                    

,,! ,,ow5s ,,college1 ,,man*e/]1        
,april #ac1 '#hj4      ,we are go+ to h 
a meet+ "h on ,monday next1 at #g       
p4m41 ( *emical manufactur]s & o!rs1 to 
consid] !     "q ( ! e/abli%m5t ( a     
,lanca%ire ,*emical ,society1     or ( a
 m ,g5]al ,in/itute or ,society (       
,*emical ,eng9e]s4      ,if y c come ov]
 ,i %\ld be v glad1 z x is likely to    
be an important meet+ & y\r op9ion w\ld 
be ( value4      ,i congratulate y 7&   
,mrs4 ,?orpe7 on y\r completion ( !     
pap]4 ,we are to decide1 or beg9 to     
decide1 ab\t ! ,*emical     ,society    
,m$al on ,?ursday1 & ,i hope x w be     
settl$ to     y\r satisfaction4  ,at ?is
 ga!r+ x 0 decid$ to attempt to e/abli% 
a society to subs]ve ! g5]al int]e/s (  
*emical indu/ry & n m]ely ^? ( ! ,s\?   
,lanca%ire di/rict1 & to call a meet+ 9 
,london to discuss ! project4 ,he       
presid$ at ?is meet+ 9 ! rooms ( !      
,*emical ,society :5 ! ,society 0 =mally
 inaugurat$4 ,he s]v$ z its fir/        
,presid5t1 & 0 ! fir/ *airman ( its     

,man*e/] section4 ,he op5$ ! proce$+s ( 
its fir/ annual g5]al meet+ 9 #ahha ) an
 acc\nt ( ! reasons = ! =mation ( su* a 
society2 he indicat$ its propos$ scope1 
& dwelt ^u ! _m advantages to sci5ce &  
indu/ry t might be expect$ to foll[ its 
creation4 ,:at he said !n is n less     
p]t95t n[4 ,p]haps1 inde$1 x is ev5 m s4
 ,8 words 7 words ( wisdom & ( w>n+4    
,read 9 ! fi]ce light ( curr5t ev5ts1 & 
( pres5t disabilities1 we may well      
inquire :e!r ! g5]ation t has pass$ has 
be5 z m9dful z he _h hop$ x w\ld be (   
its opportunities4 ,if x _h quick5$ its 
en]gies & m>%all$ its =ces z he enc\rag$
 x to d1 we %\ld h be5 bett] able to    
meet ! /r5u\s times t are n[ 9 /ore = u4
 ,= upw>ds ( a c5tury--ev] s9ce1 inde$1 
! r5asc5ce ( *emical sci5ce :i* orig9at$
 ) ,lavoisi]--f>-sight$ m5 h be5 prea*+ 
! same /ory4 ,b to ! great majority 9   
?is c\ntry x has be5 z se$ fall5 by !   
wayside4 ,n s abroad4 ,?anks ma9ly to a 
cle>] recognition ( ! "p t sci5ce plays 
"u ! *ang+ & progressive conditions (   

mod]n life1 o!r nations h be5 m he$ful3 
! se$ ) !m fell ^u m receptive soil4 ,! 
cata/rophe :i* has ov]tak5 u has br\ght 
a rude awak5+4 ,we are beg9n+ to realize
 ! imp]fection ( a sy/em ( national     
education :i* has no adequate relation  
to pres5t-day necessities4  ,roscoe1 "o 
is consol$ to ?9k1 liv$ to see ! evid5ce
 ( ?is quick5+4 ,! doctr9e :i* he prea*$
 ) an insi/5cy & p]t9acity t nev]       
flagg$1 dur+ m ?an half a c5tury1 is n[1
 "u ! /ress ( necessity1 com+ home to   
m5's bus9ess & bosoms z x nev] did be=e4
  ,"o pro( ( ! ,society's recognition ( 
its indebt$ness to its fir/ ,presid5t   
may be se5 9 ! aw>d to him ( its m$al on
 ! occasion ( ! ,nott+ham meet+ 9 #aiad4
  ,9 #aiji he 0 ,honor>y ,presid5t ( !  
,sev5? ,int]national ,congress ( ,appli$
 ,*emi/ry :i* met 9 ,london 9 t ye>4 ,x 
0 8 wi% t 8 fri5d1 ,dr4 ,ludwig ,mond1 z
 an em95t indu/rial *emi/1 %\ld be      
appo9t$ to t (fice1 b ,mond decl9$ !    
position & propos$ ,roscoe's "n in/ead  
at ! prec$+ meet+ 9 ,rome4  ,to ,roscoe1

 !re=e1 fell ! hon\r ( introduc+ !      
,pr9ce & ,pr9cess ( ,wales--our pres5t  
,k+ & ,que5--to ! meet+ ( ?ree ?\s&     
indu/rial *emi/s assembl$ 9 ! ,alb]t    
,hall1 :5 ! ,pr9ce welcom$ ! ga!r+ 9 a  
felicit\s spee*4 ,! =eign delegates 7   
aft]w>ds receiv$ 9 private audi5ce by   
,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii1 :5 ,roscoe1 z ,honor>y
 ,presid5t1 _h ! hon\r ( pres5t+ !m4    
,roscoe's fir/ introduction to ! ,briti%
 ,association 0 at ! ,glasg[ meet+ 9    
#ahee1 :5 ! late ,"l ,playfair 0        
,presid5t ( ! ,*emical ,section1 & :5 he
 himself act$ z ! secret>y4 ,at ?is     
meet+ he read a pap] on ! results ( a   
jo9t inve/igation ) ,buns5 on ! action (
 light ^u *lor9e wat]1 an exam9ation &  
ext5sion ( ,wittw]'s "w on ! same       
subject4 ,?is 0 subsequ5tly publi%$ 9 ! 
,j\rnal ( ! ,*emical ,society & 9       
,liebig's ,annal54 ,z already /at$1 he  
act$ z "o ( ! local secret>ies at !     
,man*e/] meet+ ( #ahfa1 :5 he pres5t$ a 
report jo9tly ) ! late ,drs4 ,s*unck &  
,r4 ,angus ,smi?1 8,on ! ,condition (   

,manufactur+ ,*emi/ry 9 ! ,s\?          
,lanca%ire ,di/rict0 7,brit4 ,assoc4    
,rep4 #ahfa1 pp4 #ajh-abh74 ,at ! ,ba?  
meet+ 9 #ahfd he gave "o ( ! ev5+       
lectures on ! *emical action ( light4   
,at ! ,liv]pool meet+ ( #ahgj he presid$
 ov] ! ,*emi/ry ,section4  ,!n1 z n[1   
,france & ,g]many 7 at w>1 & t fact     
naturally call$ = ref]5ce4 ,b1 ,eheu6   
nei!r ! cosmopolitan "* ( ,sci5ce to :i*
 he !n allud$1 nor upw>ds ( =ty ye>s ( t
 comity among ^? int]e/$ 9 ,sci5ce & its
 applications :i* he confid5tly hop$    
w\ld 8r5d] impossible ! break+ out (    
disa/]s s fatal to ! progress ( ,sci5ce 
& to ! welf>e ( humanity60 z he !n      
witness$1 h s]v$ to av]t an ev5 m fe>ful
 disa/]4 ,! small b liv+ fire :i* he    
cont5d$ w\ld 9 ! end surely s]ve to melt
 d[n national animosities has be5 n[    
almo/ :olly ext+ui%$ by ! arrogant pride
 & lu/ ( p[] :i* has obsess$ a nation   
claim+ to be ! mo/ enlight5$ 9 ! _w4  ,9
 #ahhd he aga9 s]v$ z ,presid5t ( !     
,*emical ,section at ! meet+ 9          

,montreal4 ,9 #ahhg he 0 ,presid5t ( !  
,association at ! ,man*e/] meet+ 9 t    
ye>--an hon\r he priz$ all ! m on acc\nt
 ( 8 long association ) t city4 ,! meet+
 0 notable z be+ ! l>ge/ held s9ce !    
f\ndation ( ! ,association1 & 0         
specially *>act]iz$ by ! numb] ( =eign  
*emi/s :o 7 pres5t4 ,he cont9u$ to take 
an active int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( !        
,association up to ! "t ( 8 dea?1 & 0 a 
con/ant att5dant at ! meet+s ( its      
,c\ncil4     ,,*apt] ,x  ,,public       
,,s]vices--,,political ,,& ,,pr(essional
 ,,"w   ,roscoe's position 9 !          
educational _w1 & 9 sci5tific circles1  
c\pl$ ) 8 well-kn[n bus9ess capacity &  
s\nd judgm5t1 frequ5tly l$ to 8 be+     
invit$ to place 8 k & exp]i5ce at !     
s]vice ( ! ,/ate 9 connection ) ,royal  
,commissions & ,dep>tm5tal ,committees4 
,dur+ 8 t5ure ( 8 pr(essor%ip at        
,man*e/] he s]v$ on two important ,royal
 ,commissions2 ! fir/ 9 #ahgf1 :5 ,mr4  
,cross1 !n ,home ,secret>y1 nom9at$ him 
z a memb] ( ,"l ,ab]d>e's ,commission on

 ,noxi\s ,vap\rs1 :i* l$ to ! am5d$     
,alkali ,acts ( #ahia & #ahib2 ! second 
9 #ahha1 :5 ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,mundella1 !n  
,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,education ,c\ncil1 
appo9t$ him a memb] ( ,sir ,b]nh>d      
,samuelson's ,commission on ,te*nical   
,in/ruction--"o ( ! mo/ important       
,commissions ev] issu$ by reason ( its  
influ5ce on ! indu/rial hi/ory ( ?is    
c\ntry4 ,roscoe ?rew himself he>t & s\l 
into its "w4 ,! task 0 ?or\ghly cong5ial
 to him1 = he 0 pr(\ndly conv9c$ ( its  
importance4 ,x requir$ long & frequ5t   
visits abroad 9 ord] to inquire into !  
me?ods ( ! cont95tal trade-s*ools &     
polyte*nics1 & to judge by direct       
obs]vation ( _! results4 ,! prep>ation (
 ! ,report 0 a t$i\s & complicat$       
bus9ess1 b ) ! help ( 8 colleagues1 :om 
he invit$ to 8 holiday-home 9 ! ,lakes1 
x 0 gradually1 z he says1 8lick$ into   
%ape10 ! la/ t\*es to its recomm5dations
 be+ made at ! ,*airman's c\ntry h\se 9 
,devon%ire4  ,dur+ ! t5 ye>s t foll[$ ! 
publication ( ! ,report1 ,roscoe1 9     

common ) sev]al ( 8 colleagues1 address$
 innum]able public meet+s ?r\gh\t !     
c\ntry 9 ord] to make its lessons z     
widely kn[n z possible4 ,! "w ( !       
,commission bore fruit 9 ! ,te*nical    
,in/ruction ,act ( #ahhi1 & /ill lat] & 
to a great] ext5t 9 ! ,education ,act ( 
#aijb4 ,?is la/ measure 0 prec$$ by !   
,royal ,commission on ,second>y         
,education1 ( :i* ,roscoe 0 a memb] "u !
 *airman%ip ( ! pres5t ,"l ,bryce4 ,9   
#ahif he introduc$ a /rong &            
repres5tative deputation to urge ^u !   
,"l ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil ! desirability
 ( tak+ /eps to en=ce its               
recomm5dations4 ,x 0 !n intimat$ t x 0 !
 int5tion ( ! ,gov]nm5t to introduce    
legislation deal+ ) ! organization ( our
 second>y s*ools--?us =e%ad[+ ! ,act (  
#aijb4  ,al?\gh m ?an ?irty ye>s h pass$
 s9ce ! ,report ( ! ,te*nical           
,in/ruction ,commission 0 issu$1 x may  
/ill be read ) pr(it4 ,inde$1 ! lessons 
x tea*es are s+ul>ly applicable to !    
pres5t juncture4 ,9 spite ( :at has be5 

accompli%$1 ,roscoe 0 f> f be+ satisfi$ 
) our national position4 ,9 #aijf he    
wrote3      ,mu* rema9s = u 9 ,engl& to 
accompli% 9 !     organization ( our    
second>y & sci5tific tra9+1 9 :i*       
our competitors are be=e u1 & ( :i* !   
importance &     ! effects are well     
summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ op9ion ( an         
em95t ,g]man manufactur]3 8,we 9 ,g]many
 d n c>e :e!r     y 9 ,engl& are        
,free-trad]s or ,protectioni/s1 b :at   
we are afraid ( is t "s day y\r p w wake
 up to     ! necessity ( hav+ a complete
 sy/em ( te*nical &     sci5tific       
education1 & !n ) y\r en]getic          
population1     ) y\r insul> position1 &
 ) y\r /ores ( raw     mat]ial x w be   
difficult1 or x may be impossible1 = u  
to compete40  ,9 #ahhd a knigh?ood 0    
conf]r$ on him1 z /at$ 9 ,mr4           
,glad/one's lett] :5 intimat+ ! ,que5's 
pleasure1 89 ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 di/+ui%$   
s]vice on ! ,te*nical ,education        
,commission40         99       99       
99       99       99  ,roscoe has       

record$ 9 8 autobiography !             
circum/ances1 altoge!r unexpect$ by him1
 :i* l$ to 8 introduction to active     
political life4 ,he 0 elect$ = ,s\?     
,man*e/]--a con/itu5cy l>gely compos$ ( 
! upp] & middle class--9 #ahhe1 ! fir/  
,memb] ( ,p>liam5t = ! division 9 :i* ! 
,univ]sity is situat$ & ! only ,lib]al  
!n return$ = ! city4 ,he held 8 seat    
dur+ two succe$+ elections 7#ahhf &     
#ahib71 b lo/ x 9 #ahie1 by a n>r[      
majority1 to ! ,m>quis ( ,lorne4 ,al?\gh
 frequ5tly solicit$ to re-ent] ,p>liam5t
 he felt1 to use 8 own phrase1 t he 8_h 
_h en\gh40  ,roscoe 0 a /rong & consi/5t
 ,lib]al1 a memb] ( ! ,man*e/] ,s*ool ( 
,economi/s1 & a devot$ adh]5t ( ,mr4    
,glad/one1 :om he foll[$ 9 ! ,home ,rule
 split4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( 8 p>liam5t>y
 c>e]1 t is f #ahhf to #ahib1 he sat on 
! ,opposition b5*es1 & _h !re=e         
comp>atively little opportunity (       
accompli%+ mu* 9 ! way ( legislative    
a*ievem5t4 ,on que/ions involv+         
sci5tific matt]s he c\ld always secure !

 e> ( ! ,h\se1 especially :5 ^! relat$  
to ! com=t & well-be+ ( its memb]s1 z :5
 he took 9 h& ! v5tilation1 light+1 &   
dra9age ( ! ,palace ( ,we/m9/]4 ,9      
#ahhh1 & aga9 9 #ahhi1 he introduc$ a   
,te*nical ,education ,bill1 b x fail$ to
 rea* ! /atute-book4 ,9 ! latt] ye>1    
h[ev]1 ! ,gov]nm5t pass$ ! ,te*nical    
,in/ruction ,act already ref]r$ to2 ?is1
 al?\gh n :olly 9 accord ) ! views he _h
 put =w>d1 he gladly accept$ z a        
satisfactory in/alm5t4 ,8 ef=ts to pass 
an am5d+ ,bill 9 ! foll[+ ye> met ) no  
success4 ,9 #ahia ! ,national           
,association = ! ,promotion ( ,te*nical 
,education1 :i* 0 f\nd$ z a result ( !  
,report ( ! ,royal ,commission ( #ahha1 
entru/$ him ) a ,bill to remove c]ta9   
disabilities :i* _h be5 f\nd to att5d ! 
work+ ( ! ,act ( #ahhi1 & ?is he succe$$
 9 c>ry+4 ,x 0 "o ( ! few private ,bills
 ( ! session ( #ahia t became law4  ,he 
0 frequ5tly call$ ^u to s]ve ^u select  
committees1 & 9 8 la/ session he 0      
,*airman ( ! ,select ,committee on      

,weights & ,measures :i* l$ to ,mr4     
,balf\r's ,bill = legaliz+ ! use ( !    
metrical sy/em 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,roscoe 0 
a ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,decimal          
,association1 & lo/ no opportunity (    
advocat+ ! use ( a sy/em ( weights &    
measures :i* practically e o!r civiliz$ 
community has f\nd x exp$i5t to adopt4  
,! re=m ( ! me?od ( hold+ p>liam5t>y    
elections1 cont9uation s*ools1 op5+     
museums on ,sundays1 ! h\s+ ( ! sci5ce  
collections at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 grants to 
,univ]sity colleges1 indu/rial employm5t
 9 ,irel&1 limitation ( moi/ure 9 weav+ 
%$s1 riv] pollution--7 all que/ions ^u  
:i* he 0 able to ex]cise 8 influ5ce & k1
 & mo/ ( :i* he liv$ to see             
satisfactorily settl$4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 he
 f\nd little satisfaction 9 8 p>liam5t>y
 life4 ,!re 0 mu* 9 x t 0 irksome &     
di/a/eful to a man ( 8 active &         
indep5d5t m9d4 ,x 0 un=tunate = him t ! 
great] "p ( 8 political c>e] %\ld h to  
be sp5t 9 opposition1 ?us af=d+ him only
 limit$ opportunities ( initiat+        

legislative action4 ,ow+ to ! political 
circum/ances ( ! "t _m que/ions ) :i* he
 0 specially qualifi$ to deal nev] came 
up = consid]ation4 ,o!rs 7 only discuss$
 = ! purpose ( 8m>k+ "t10 & he deplor$ !
 loss ( opportunity & wa/e ( ef=t !reby 
involv$4 ,8 rejection 9 #ahie1 !re=e1   
occasion$ him no v great conc]n4 ,:atev]
 feel+ ( disappo9tm5t he may h felt soon
 pass$ away1 & he quickly w5t back to 8 
old occupations1 & to pursuits m        
cong5ial to him ?an haunt+ ! prec9cts ( 
! ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,! foll[+ lett] f   
,woodcote1 "u date ,july #bj1 #ahie1    
af=ds "s indication ( ! way 9 :i* he    
reg>d$ ! loss ( 8 seat4      ,_m ?anks =
 y\r k9d note4 ,z y surmise1 ,i d n feel
     p]sonally mu* regret at my own     
defeat4 ,i c\ld tell y     some?+ ( !   
way ! ?+ 0 work$4      ,n[ ,i feel an   
8old freeman10 & able to d mu* m :at ,i 
l4 ,b ?is n always--= ,i d n see my way 
j n[     to accept y\r invitation4 ,i h 
be5 work$ up ) !     election1 & h to be
 c>eful1 s t ) ?is1 & )     ! pres5t    

unc]ta9ty ( wea!r1 ,i ?9k ,i am saf] on 
entire dry l&4      ,we are ?ankful =   
ra9 :i* love? ! ?ir/y l& &     makes ?+s
 gre5 aga94      ,is x true t ! 8burn+  
bu%0 manufactures ,c,h,,oh     alcohol8 
,if s1 t is really int]e/+4#bg          
,h>d5 & ,i h f\nd "s mo/ int]e/+ results
 z     reg>ds ! g5esis ( ! atomic !ory1 
& ,i am go+ to     "w !m up4      ,h[   
ab\t ,davy8''' ,! editor asks = m1 & ,i 
%\ld be     pleas$ to satisfy 8 maw by  
giv+ him a lump ( ,davy4     ,k9de/     
reg>ds4  ,%ortly aft] 8 removal to      
,london he became int]e/$ 9 ! sewage    
problem ( ! ,metropolis1 & 0 call$ ^u to
 advise ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d ( ,works )
 respect to me?ods = improv+ ! condition
 ( ! riv] ,?ames4 ,9 connection ) ?is "w
 he e/abli%$ a laboratory1 specially    
equipp$ = /udy+ its problems1 9 ! ,e>l's
 ,c\rt ,road1 n f> f 8 ,london resid5ce4
 ,dur+ ! ye> #ahhg he 0 engag$1 ) !     
assi/ance ( 8 =m] pupil ,mr4 ,h>ry      
,bak]1 9 report+ to ,"l ,magh]amorne1 ! 
,*airman ( ! ,metropolitan ,bo>d (      

,works1 on ! *emical me?ods employ$ = ! 
deodorization ( sewage 7a7 9 !          
metropolitan sew]s1 & 7b7 at ! outfalls4
 ,e>ly 9 #ahhh mu* l>g] problems 7      
submitt$ to him3 viz4 ! purification ( !
 sewage1 ! disposal ( ! sludge1 & !     
effect ( ! dis*>ge ( sewage sludge at   
sea on ! =e%ores ( ! e/u>y ( ! ,?ames4  
,9 connection ) ^! subjects he became   
impress$ ) ! importance ( obta9+        
accurate sci5tific me?ods = det]m9+ !   
*anges :i* pollut$ wat] exp]i5ces dur+  
its natural purification4 ,"s ( !       
results ( 8 inquiries he publi%$ 9      
conjunction ) 8 pupil ,mr4 ,joseph ,lunt
 9 two memoirs1 "o 8,on ,s*tz5b]g]'s    
,process = ! ,e/imation ( ,dissolv$     
,oxyg5 9 ,wat]10 communicat$ to !       
,*emical ,society 9 #ahhi1 & publi%$ 9 !
 ,transactions1#bh & ! o!r entitl$      
8,contributions to ! ,*emical           
,bact]iology ( ,sewage10 :i* appe>$ 9 ! 
,philosophical ,transactions ( ! ,royal 
,society4#bi ,! =m] pap] conta9$ !      
results ( a c>eful inve/igation ( !     

conditions "u :i* ?is me?od is alone    
tru/wor?y1 & s]v$ to expla9 ! causes ( !
 discrepancy betwe5 ! /atem5ts ( previ\s
 obs]v]s :o _h critically exam9$ x4 ,!  
latt] pap] gave ! results ( a protract$ 
exam9ation ( ! *emical & bact]iological 
ph5om5a ( crude sewage ) ! object (     
asc]ta9+ ! species ( organisms pres5t1  
bo? pa?og5ic & saprophytic1 & ( det]m9+ 
_! *emical *>act]i/ics4  ,^!            
inve/igations 7 c>ri$ on = m ?an two    
ye>s1 concurr5tly ) ! te*nical & outside
 "w requir$4 ,dur+ ?is "t purification  
works _h be5 e/abli%$ at ,crossness &   
,b>k+ outfalls1 a sludge %ip _h be5     
provid$ = ! disposal ( ! sewage sludge  
at sea1 & ! effect ( ! dis*>ge _h be5   
/udi$ 9 ! l[] rea*es & e/u>y ( ! ,?ames1
 & a *emical survey ( ! condition ( !   
=e%ores _h be5 complet$4 ,b ! =mation ( 
! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 ) ,"l ,roseb]y
 z ! fir/ ,*airman1 involv$ new         
arrangem5ts4 ,?is circum/ance1 comb9$ ) 
! dea? ( ,sir ,joseph ,bazalgette1 !    
,*ief ,eng9e]1 & ! opposition ( ! ,lab\r

 ,p>ty1 result$ 9 ,roscoe resign+ 8 po/ 
z ,sci5tific ,advis]4  ,mr4 ,lunt       
transf]r$ 8 s]vices to ! ,briti%        
,in/itute ( ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e1 b       
,roscoe cont9u$ to c>ry on 8 laboratory 
) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,frank ,scudd]     
until #ahih4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he act$ z  
*emical advis] to sanit>y au?orities all
 ov] ! c\ntry on que/ions ( sewage      
purification & wat]-supply2 & 0         
frequ5tly consult$ by manufactur]s on   
works-processes1 & on legal1 pat5t1 &   
trade-m>k cases1 & 9 connection )       
p>liam5t>y inquiries1 e4g4 humidity &   
purity ( air 9 textile mills1 fla%po9t (
 p>aff9 oils1 etc4 ,he 0 fur!r conc]n$ 9
 ! promotion ( ,bills = ! creation (    
riv]s bo>ds1 z1 = example1 ^? ( ! ,m]sey
 & ,irwell & ,we/ ,rid+4 ,he gave       
consid]able att5tion to ! "q ( !        
manufacture & use ( wat] gas            
78c>burett$0 & 8blue0 gas71 & inspect$  
mo/ ( ! wat]-gas plants !n 9 op]ation 9 
,engl& & on ! ,cont95t1 s5d+ ,mr4       
,scudd] to visit & report on !          

in/allations 9 ! pr9cipal cities (      
,am]ica4 ,9 #ahih !y bo? gave evid5ce   
be=e a ,p>liam5t>y ,committee on ! "q ( 
re/rict+ ! am\nt ( ! poison\s c>bonic   
oxide 9 t[n gas4  ,9 #ahia ,roscoe's    
s]vices 7 reta9$ by ! ,m]sey & ,irwell  
,jo9t ,committee to report on ! influ5ce
 ( ! v>i\s manufactur+ works 9 ! ,m]sey 
& ,irwell bas9s 9 pollut+ ! /reams1 & z 
to ! be/ means ( prev5t+ x4 ,9 #ahic !  
,committee made ! position ( ,sci5tific 
,advis] a p]man5t appo9tm5t1 & e/abli%$ 
a prop]ly equipp$ laboratory 9 ,man*e/] 
9 connection ) its "w4 ,roscoe reta9$ ! 
appo9tm5t until #aije1 :5 ! frequ5t     
j\rneys to att5d ! meet+s ( ! ,jo9t     
,committee began to tell ^u 8 heal?1 &  
at 8 sugge/ion ,mr4 ,scudd] 0 appo9t$ to
 succe$ him4 ,! ,london laboratory 0    
giv5 up 9 #aijh4     ,,*apt] ,,xi       
,,univ]sity ,,( ,,london--,,eton        
,,college--,,univ]sity ,,college ,,(    
,,dundee--,,scotti% ,,univ]sities       
,,commission--,,royal ,,commission ,,(  
,,! #ahea ,,exhibition--,,c>negie       

,,tru/3 ,,scotti%                       
,,univ]sities--,,sci5ce ,,& ,,art       
,,dep>tm5t3 ,,sci5ce ,,museums--,,li/]  
,,in/itute ,,( ,,prev5tive ,,m$ic9e     
,roscoe 0 long & hon\rably connect$ ) ! 
,univ]sity ( ,london4 ,a graduate 9     
#ahec1 he act$ z exam9] 9 *emi/ry f     
#ahgd to #ahgh4 ,x 0 l>gely ?r\gh 8     
action t practical laboratory "w 0      
includ$ 9 ! curriculum 9 *emi/ry =      
sci5ce degrees4 ,?is n only greatly     
enhanc$ _! /atus1 b react$ b5eficially  
^u ! g5]al "* ( laboratory in/ruction   
?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,on rel9qui%+         
p>liam5t>y "w he became a memb] ( !     
,s5ate1 & took "p 9 ! movem5t = ! re=m (
 ! ,univ]sity :i* l$ incid5tally to !   
=mation ( an association ( tea*]s & o!rs
 = ! promotion ( a s-call$ ,pr(essorial 
,univ]sity1 ( :i* ,huxley 0 ,presid5t4  
,! foll[+ lett] ref]s to ?is            
circum/ance3                            
,,man*e/]1                              
,june #bf1 #ahib4      ,i am delight$ to
 he> t ,huxley has jo9$ & is to be      

,presid5t ( ! ,association4 ,x w give me
 pleasure to act     z a ,vice-,presid5t
 ) ,jebb4      ,?+s look v well1 & our  
views mu/ greatly influ5ce !     ,royal 
,commission4      ,i w try to secure    
names "h4 ,my wife s5ds a li/ p]        
p>cel po/4  ,he made proposals ) ! idea 
( unit+ :at h come to be call$ !        
,int]nal & ,ext]nal sides ( !           
,univ]sity1 & 9 8 evid5ce be=e ,"l      
,c[p]'s ,commission he sugge/$ a ma*9]y 
( a less cumbr\s &1 z he hop$1 ( a m    
satisfactory "* ?an t :i* became law 9  
#ahih4 ,9 #ahif he succe$$ ,sir ,julian 
,goldsmid z ,vice-,*ancellor4 ,x 0 dur+ 
8 t]m ( (fice t ! ,act ( #ahih1 :i*     
recon/itut$ ! ,univ]sity z ! result (   
,e>l ,c[p]'s ,commission1 0 pass$4 ,z   
,vice-,*ancellor x became 8 duty to wat*
 ! progress ( ! measure1 & to use 8     
influ5ce 9 promot+ its passage ?r\gh    
,p>liam5t4  ,un=tunately ! ,univ]sity 0 
z a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself4 ,"o       
section ( its ,s5ate1 num]ically n v    
/rong1 0 av[$ly ho/ile to its           

recon/itution z a tea*+ body4 ,"s memb]s
 ( ,convocation act$ z if _! conception 
( ! sole purpose ( a ,univ]sity 0 !     
hold+ ( exam9ations & ! giv+ ( degrees4 
,_! object1 app>5tly1 0 to /r5g!n by all
 possible means ! influ5ce (            
,convocation2 to make x1 9 fact1 ! ma9  
controll+ p[]4 ,accord+ly1 !y us$ su*   
p>liam5t>y support z !y c\ld comm& to   
wreck ! ,bill1 or fail+ t1 s to modify  
its provisions z to pres]ve z f> z      
possible ! exi/+ con/itution ( !        
in/itution1 & to p]petuate its re/rict$ 
functions4 ,?anks1 h[ev]1 to ! action & 
al]tness ( ,"l ,bryce1 ,"l ,haldane1    
,sir ,w4 ,prie/ley1 & ,sir ,john ,gor/1 
& ! firmness ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! measure 0 
/e]$ safely ?r\gh ,p>liam5t & receiv$ ! 
,royal ,ass5t4  ,! /atutory commission  
:i* foll[$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,london ,act (
 #ahih report$ 9 #aijj2 its provisions 7
 approv$ by ,p>liam5t 9 ,june ( t ye>1 &
 ! new ,s5ate held its fir/ meet+ 9 !   
foll[+ ,octob]4 ,roscoe took an active  
%>e 9 ! re>rangem5ts consequ5t on !     

recon/itution ( ! ,univ]sity1 & 9 !     
*anges necessitat$ by its removal f     
,burl+ton ,g>d5s to ! build+s ( !       
,imp]ial ,in/itute at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4    
,?is la/ /ep 0 a some:at delicate matt]4
 ,z h\s$ 9 ,burl+ton ,g>d5s ! ,univ]sity
 0 only mod]ately well provid$ = z      
reg>ds exam9ation-rooms & adm9i/rative  
(fices1 b su* laboratories & /ore-rooms 
z x possess$ 7 :olly inadequate = !     
practical "w requir$ 9 ! exam9ations =  
sci5ce & m$ical degrees4 ,! pressure on 
! limit$ space grew m sev]e ea* session1
 & = "s "t previ\s to #ahih ! necessity 
( mak+ fre% provision _h =c$ itself ^u !
 notice ( ! au?orities4 ,! wants ( !    
,univ]sity 9 ?is respect _h be5 freely  
v5tilat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! discussion on !  
,bill4 ,accord+ly1 ov]tures 7 made to ! 
,s5ate to take ov] "s portion ( ! build+
 ( ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute z a home = !    
recon/itut$ ,univ]sity4 ,! (f] 0 n      
receiv$ ) any great en?usiasm4 ,!       
,imp]ial ,in/itute _h n fulfill$ !      
anticipations ( its projectors2 its     

associations1 to say ! lea/1 7 n        
altoge!r academic1 & ?is circum/ance    
naturally creat$ a prejudice aga9/ x4   
,moreov]1 ! build+ itself1 al?\gh       
gr&iose 9 design1 & possess+ an         
admirable faade1 0 r l ! geometrical    
def9ition ( a l9e--l5g? )\t bread?2 & :5
 t portion ( x int5d$ to be assign$ to !
 ,univ]sity 0 measur$ up1 x 0 actually n
 mu*1 if any1 l>g] 9 sup]ficial area ?an
 0 available 9 ,burl+ton ,g>d5s4 ,!re 01
 h[ev]1 m space 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & a   
c]ta9 am\nt ( re>rangem5t & new         
con/ruction 0 possible4 ,moreov]1 !     
au?orities ( ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,dep>tm5t 
7 project+ new laboratories = *emi/ry & 
physics1 & x 0 hop$ t facilities might  
be grant$ to ! ,univ]sity to enable !m1 
"u c]ta9 conditions1 to use !m1 or "s   
portion ( !m1 = _! practical exam9ations
 9 ^? sci5ces4 ,b objections 7 rais$ 9  
reg>d to ! geographical position ( !    
build+1 its di/ance f ! ma9-l9e /ations1
 etc4 ,its possible association ) :at 0 
/yl$ 8! ,s\? ,k5s+ton clique0 0 ano!r   

rock ( (f5ce4  ,!re 7 possible          
difficulties also ) ! ,c\ncil ( !       
,in/itute z to ! p>tition ( ! /ructure1 
use ( ! ma9 entrance1 etc4 ,b all ^!    
matt]s 7 adju/$ ev5tually by ! skill1   
tact1 & firmness ( ! ,vice-,*ancellor1 )
 ! concurr5ce ( ! ,treasury & ( ! ,(fice
 ( ,works2 & ! ,univ]sity ent]$ into !  
possession ( ! ea/]n half ( ! build+4   
,n ! lea/ ( ! s]vices :i* ,roscoe r5d]$ 
to ! ,univ]sity 0 8 action ) reg>d to ! 
selection ( ! late ,sir ,ar?ur ,rck] z  
its fir/ ,pr9cipal4 ,x 0 entirely ?r\gh 
8 ef=ts t ! appo9tm5t 0 made4 ,its      
success1 he says 9 8 8,life &           
,exp]i5ces10 m ?an ju/ifi$ ^? ef=ts1 &  
he always spoke ( x z ! be/ day's "w he 
ev] did = ! ,univ]sity4  ,roscoe resign$
 ! ,vice-,*ancellor%ip 9 #aijb1 :5 he   
pres5t$ to ! ,univ]sity ! h&some mace   
:i* n[ lies on ! table dur+ ! meet+s ( !
 ,s5ate1 & :i* is us$ on c]emonial      
occasions4 ,x 0 s employ$1 drap$ 9      
crape1 at ! memorial s]vice held 9      
,rosslyn ,hill ,*apel at 8 dea?4  ,he   

rema9$ a memb] ( ! ,s5ate until #aiaj1  
:5 age & increas+ deafness necessitat$ 8
 retirem5t4 ,9 ! resolution ( condol5ce 
:i* ! ,s5ate pass$ at its fir/ meet+    
aft] 8 dea?1 !y recall$ ) gratitude &   
admiration ! great s]vices he _h r5d]$  
to ! ,univ]sity dur+ ! tw5ty-"o ye>s ( 8
 memb]%ip ( ! ,s5ate1 at fir/ z ,fell[ &
 lat] z "o ( ! repres5tatives ( ,8      
,maje/y 9 ,c\ncil2 & especially !       
wisdom1 born ( long exp]i5ce 9 academic 
adm9i/ration1 ) :i* he guid$ !          
,univ]sity dur+ ! six ye>s ( 8          
,vice-,*ancellor%ip1 :i* witness$ its   
recon/itution "u ! ,act ( #ahih4        
99       99       99       99       99  
,roscoe 0 a ,fell[ ( ,eton ,college1 z a
 repres5tative ( ! ,royal ,society1 f   
#ahhi to #aiab1 & did :at he c\ld dur+ !
 tw5ty-?ree ye>s he s]v$ on ! ,gov]n+   
,body to ov]come :at he t]ms 8! enorm\s 
in]tia ( ?is anci5t ma*9e40 ,he s\ght to
 fur!r ! tea*+ ( physical sci5ce 9 !    
,s*ool by himself giv+ lectures1 & ?r\gh
 8 ef=ts x is ! ri*] by no less ?an "o  

l>ge & "o small physical laboratory1 a  
physics lecture-room1 a work%op1 & two m
 *emical laboratories1 ) /ore-rooms1    
etc4 ,he also reorganiz$ ! sy/em (      
tea*+1 & introduc$ graduat$ c\rses1 :i* 
h result$ 9 an all-r\nd improvem5t4     
,nev]!less1 ! results h n be5           
comm5surate ) all ! h>d "w & en?usiasm  
he put into 8 ef=ts4 ,!y h be5 l>gely   
disc\nt$ by factors ov] :i* he _h no    
control4 ,no "o realiz$ ?is m cle>ly ?an
 himself1 & he felt ke5ly ! disappo9tm5t
 ( 8 hopes1 s mu* s t m ?an once he     
consid]$ ! advisability ( resign+ 8     
,fell[%ip z a prote/4 ,he e>n$ !        
gratitude ( ! sci5ce /aff by 8 uni=m    
k9dness & sympa?y1 & by ! read9ess ) :i*
 he w\ld discuss _! difficulties ) !m & 
help !m ) advice & enc\ragem5t4  ,z !   
repres5tative ( ! ,royal ,society1 8    
*ief int]e/s lay ) ! tea*+ ( physical   
sci5ce1 b !y did n re/ !re4 ,no ,fell[  
work$ h>d] = ! g5]al welf>e ( ! ,s*ool4 
,9 ord] to make himself acqua9t$ fir/-h&
 ) facts connect$ ) ! subjects to be    

discuss$ at ! meet+s ( ! ,provo/ &      
,fell[s1 he con/antly visit$ ,eton4 ,8  
op9ion & advice on all sorts ( que/ions 
7 s\ght & respect$1 & he has left beh9d 
him a record ( :ole-he>t$ s]vice to !   
,s*ool t w long be rememb]$ )           
appreciation & gratitude4  ,roscoe's    
exp]i5ce z an educationi/1 & 8 success 9
 fur!r+ ! developm5t ( ,ow5s ,college1  
naturally caus$ him to be consult$ :5   
in/itutions ( a simil> type 7 project$1 
& he 0 occasionally induc$ to take "p 9 
_! f\ndation & gov]nm5t4 ,?us he _h a   
l>ge %>e 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! curriculum (
 ! ,univ]sity ,college ( ,dundee 9      
#ahha1 & he 0 aft]w>ds conc]n$1 z a     
memb] ( ! ,scotti% ,univ]sities         
,commission1 9 e/abli%+ ! connection ( t
 ,college ) ! ,univ]sity ( ,/4 ,&rews4  
,he 0 appo9t$ by ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire to
 a gov]nor%ip ( ,univ]sity ,college1    
,liv]pool1 a position p>ticul>ly        
gratify+ to him z a memb] ( a di/+ui%$  
,liv]pool family4 ,he repres5t$ !       
,univ]sity ( ,london on ! ,c\ncil (     

,fir? ,college1 ,%effield1 :i* has s9ce 
ris5 to ! dignity ( a univ]sity1 & 0 (  
s]vice ) respect to its sci5ce          
curriculum4  ,9 #ahhh ,roscoe act$ z a  
memb] ( an ,executive ,commission       
appo9t$ to c>ry out ! provisions ( !    
,scotti% ,univ]sities ,act4 ,!          
,commission succe$$ 9 devis+ ord9ances  
:i* 9 _m respects revolutioniz$ ! sy/ems
 ( ! ,scotti% ,univ]sities1 & by provid+
 new av5ues to degrees are de/9$1 x may 
be hop$1 to h an important effect ^u !  
"* ( sci5tific education 9 ,scotl&4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,9 #ahij he 0 appo9t$ a memb] ( a       
,committee along ) ,"l ,playfair1 ,"l   
,kelv91 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 ,mr4         
,mundella1 ,sir ,norman ,locky]1 & ,dr4 
,william ,g>nett1 to advise !           
,commission]s ( ! #ahea ,exhibition on !
 "q ( e/abli%+ s*ol>%ips to aid !       
developm5t ( sci5tific education 9 !    
manufactur+ di/ricts ( ! c\ntry4        
,roscoe rema9$ a memb] ( t body aft] x  
_h pres5t$ its ,report & _h be5 entru/$ 

) ! duty ( putt+ into op]ation ! s*eme  
:i* _h be5 devis$ = ! di/ribution &     
regulation ( ! s*ol>%ips4 ,! "* ( ^!    
s*ol>%ips _c be bett] describ$ ?an 9 8  
own words3--      ,x 0 decid$ t ^! %\ld 
be ( a high] ord] ?an mo/     ( ^?      
exi/+2 9 fact1 t _! functions %\ld beg9 
:]e ! ord9>y educational curriculum     
ends1 ?is sy/em     hav+ be5 adopt$ )   
excell5t effect 9 ! ,fr5* cole          
,pratique des ,hautes tudes4 ,9 o!r     
words1 ! s*ol>%ips     7 to be entirely 
conf9$ to rese>*1 & /rict conditions    
7 laid d[n z to ! capability ( ! c&idate
 to c>ry     out orig9al inve/igation4  
,! s*ol>%ips 7 to be #aej     a ye> 9   
value1 t5able = two ye>s1 & to be limit$
 to     ^? bran*es ( sci5ce ! k ( :i* is
 specially     important = our national 
indu/ries4 ,! ,commission]s     f "t to 
"t 7 to select a numb] ( in/itutions    
?r\gh\t ! ,empire 9 :i* high sci5tific  
in/ruction is     giv54 ,ea* univ]sity  
or college 0 to h ! p[] (     nom9at+ a 
/ud5t to a s*ol>%ip on ! condition t he 

exhibit$ a capacity = advanc+ sci5ce or 
its applications2     ^! s*ol>%ips1 :5  
aw>d$1 7 to be t5able 9 any             
univ]sity1 ei!r at home or abroad1 or   
o!r approv$     in/itutions4'''      ,! 
fact t a l>ge numb] ( ! nom9at+         
in/itutions     are situat$ 9 !         
colonies1 & t ! s*ol>s f     ^!         
in/itutions come to ! "m-c\ntry to c>ry 
out     _! sci5tific "w1 mu/ ex]t an    
important influ5ce 9     /r5g!n+ !      
relations betwe5 diff]5t p>ts ( !       
,empire4 ,! value ( ?is sy/em is fully  
appreciat$ by !     au?orities at home &
 abroad1 & _m are ! in/ances 9     :i*  
m5 ( ability1 :o w\ld o!rwise h be5     
unable     to foll[ a sci5tific c>e]1 or
 to assi/ ! progress (     our national 
indu/ries1 are n[ com+ to ! front 9 bo? 
respects4 ,x has be5 well rem>k$ t if1 9
 ! c\rse ( a     c5tury1 ev5 "o ,f>aday 
%\ld h be5 discov]$1 ! sum     sp5t w\ld
 h be5 amply repaid4  ,! policy laid d[n
 by ! orig9al committee has s9ce be5    
pursu$ )\t ess5tial v>iation1 & :at 0 at

 fir/ reg>d$ z an educational exp]im5t  
has prov$ itself by ! te/ ( "t an       
entirely successful und]tak+1 & "o :i*  
has s]v$ z a model = ! in/itution (     
simil> f\ndations1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry &   
abroad4  ,9 recognition ( ! s]vices     
r5d]$ on ?is committee1 ,roscoe 0       
elect$1 9 #ahia1 a memb] ( ! ,royal     
,commission1 & five ye>s aft]w>ds1 9    
#ahif1 he became a memb] ( ! ,bo>d (    
,managem5t1 & at ! same "t succe$$ ,"l  
,playfair z ,*airman ( ! ,s*ol>%ips'    
,committee4  ,z ,*airman1 ! control &   
direction ( ! ,committee's "w 0 v l>gely
 9 8 h&s1 & ! c>e he devot$ to e detail 
( ! s*ol>%ip "w und\bt$ly contribut$ to 
! successful op]ation ( ! s*eme4      ,b
 !re 0 some?+ m to value 7says ,mr4     
,evelyn ,%aw1     :o contributes ! above
 p>ticul>s7 ?an ! "p he play$     9 !   
proce$+s ( ! ,committee4 ,! *>m &       
sympa?y (     8 p]sonality 7 felt by s  
_m s*ol>s :o _h occasion     to consult 
him ^u _! "w1 & :o (t5 aft]w>ds         
rememb]$ & 7 grateful = "s k9d & helpful

 advice4     ,he nev] fail$ to wat* )   
int]e/ ! c>e]s ( pa/     s*ol>s1 z he   
reg>d$ _! record z ! mo/ conv9c+        
pro( ( ! value ( ! ,commission]s'       
,end[m5t4  ,9 #aija he cons5t$1 on !    
invitation ( ,"l ,elg91 ! ,*airman1 to  
jo9 ! executive committee ( ! tru/ees   
appo9t$ to c>ry out ! adm9i/ration (    
,mr4 ,&rew ,c>negie's munific5t gift to 
! ,scotti% ,univ]sities = ! b5efit (    
sci5tific education2 & he assi/$ 9 !    
inauguration ( a sy/em ( ,c>negie       
,s*ol>%ips & ,fell[%ips = ! enc\ragem5t 
( orig9al inve/igation1 resembl+ t ( !  
,royal ,commission]s ( ! #ahea          
,exhibition4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,roscoe act$ z    
*ief exam9] 9 *emi/ry ( ! ,sci5ce & ,art
 ,dep>tm5t 9 succession to ! late ,sir  
,edw>d ,frankl&1 b resign$ ! appo9tm5t  
on 8 election to ,p>liam5t4 ,he took a  
great int]e/ 9 ! aims ( ! dep>tm5t1 &   
work$ cordially ) its adm9i/rative      
(fic]s1 especially 9 ! abolition ( ! old
 sy/em ( 8paym5t on results0 = !        

elem5t>y /age ( sci5ce subjects1 & 9    
remodell+ organiz$ sci5ce s*ools4  ,!   
importance ( prop]ly h\s+ ! valuable    
sci5ce collections at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 0   
con/antly be+ press$ by him ^u !        
,gov]nm5t4 ,9 #aiji he accompani$ a     
/rong deputation1 & pres5t$ an          
influ5tially sign$ memorial to ! ,bo>d (
 ,education1 plead+ = l>g] & bett]      
accommodation = ! unique & almo/        
priceless exhibits ( hi/orically        
important objects :i* ! museum          
possesses1 "s ( :i* are absolutely      
irreplaceable4 ,he po9t$ out h[ valuable
 su* a collection 0 z an adjunct to !   
sy/ematic tea*+ ( sci5ce & te*nology4   
,ea* model1 or piece ( app>atus1 or     
specim5 ( hi/oric int]e/1 0 select$ to  
br+ into prom95ce und]ly+ pr9ciples1 or 
to illu/rate v>i\s /ages ( indu/rial    
progress4 ,9 ! tempor>y build+s 9 :i* ! 
collections 7 plac$1 !re 0 n only no    
room = ! necess>y expansion1 b ! objects
 7 s cr[d$ toge!r t prop] arrangem5t &  
inspection 7 impossible4 ,:at 0 ne$$ 0 a

 build+ adequate to ! prop] exhibition (
 ! pres5t collection1 & "o wor?y (      
,briti% ,sci5ce4 ,he po9t$ out t "o     
consequ5ce ( /or+ ! collections 9 s     
haphaz>d & unsatisfactory a mann] 0 t   
p]sons possess+ objects ( int]e/        
naturally felt indispos$ to pres5t !m to
 ! nation1 & "s ( ^! :5 (f]$ _h to be   
refus$ ?r\gh want ( space4 ,l& suffici5t
 = ! purpose 0 9 ! h&s ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & 
! ,royal ,commission]s = ! #ahea        
,exhibition1 s long ago z #ahgh1 (f]$ to
 contribute #ajj1jjj t[>ds a build+ = ! 
,sci5ce ,museum4 ,roscoe's argum5ts 7   
/rongly support$ by o!r memb]s ( !      
deputation1 & ,mr4 ,runciman1 :o 0 !n at
 ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 express$ himself 
z conv9c$ by _! weight1 & z :olly 9     
sympa?y ) ! object ( ! speak]s4 ,a      
gratify+ result ( ?is action is to be   
se5 9 ! new build+s n[ 9 c\rse (        
erection4         99       99       99  
99       99  ,roscoe's high appreciation
 ( ,pa/eur's "w z a *emi/ 01 we may     
presume1 ! imm$iate cause ( ! great     

int]e/ ) :i* he _h foll[$ 8 rem>kable   
discov]ies conc]n+ ! causes & cure (    
*ick5 *ol]a1 an?rax1 & ! silkworm       
disease--an int]e/ quick5$1 no d\bt1 by 
! fact t he _h made ! p]sonal           
acqua9tance ( t di/+ui%$ man z f> back z
 ! e>ly 'sixties4 ,he _h specially in=m$
 himself ( ! work+ ( ! ,in/itut ,pa/eur 
9 ,p>is1 & ( ! anti-rabic treatm5t1 & _h
 borne 8 %>e 9 combat+ ! mis*iev\s      
prejudices ( ^? 9 ?is c\ntry :o s\ght to
 misrepres5t ! "* & objects ( ,pa/eur's 
"w4 ,9 #ahhf he _h us$ 8 p>liam5t>y     
influ5ce to induce ,mr4 ,*amb]la91 :o 0 
!n ,presid5t ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1
 to appo9t a ,gov]nm5t ,commission1     
consi/+ ( ! late ,"l ,li/]1 ,sir ,james 
,paget1 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 &      
himself1 ) ,sir ,victor ,horsley z      
secret>y1 to inquire & report on !      
efficacy ( ,pa/eur's treatm5t (         
hydrophobia4 ,! ,commission came to !   
conclusion1 bas$ ^u irrefragable pro(1 t
 ?is treatm5t _h be5 ! means ( sav+ a   
l>ge numb] ( lives t o!rwise w\ld h be5 

sacrific$ to a dreadful & tortur+ dea?4 
,_! report induc$ ,sir ,james ,:itehead1
 :5 ,"l ,mayor ( ,london1 to call a     
,mansion ,h\se meet+ = ! purpose ( rais+
 a fund p>tly to defray ! co/ ( s5d+    
poor p]sons1 :o may ne$ treatm5t1 to !  
,pa/eur ,in/itute 9 ,p>is1 & p>tly to   
repay "s ( our indebt$ness to ,pa/eur & 
8 co-work]s = hav+ treat$ "s two hundr$ 
( our c\ntrym5 gratuit\sly4 ,! ,royal   
,society reque/$ ,roscoe1 ) ,sir ,james 
,paget & ,pr(essor ,lanke/]1 to repres5t
 !m at ! ,"l ,mayor's meet+1 & !y       
support$ ! action by a =mal lett] f !   
,presid5t4 ,roscoe seiz$ ! opportunity (
 hav+ to respond = 8,sci5ce0 at a ,royal
 ,academy banquet to direct fur!r       
att5tion to ! subject1 & he subsequ5tly 
spoke 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons ( ! great    
value ( exp]im5ts on liv+ animals 9     
opposition to an am5dm5t design$ to     
imp$e ! work+ ( ! ,vivisection ,acts4   
,by memorials1 popul> lectures1 &       
articles 9 ! p]iodical press1 he kept ! 
subject cont9ually be=e ! public eye4   

,nor 7 8 colleagues less active 9       
in/ruct+ & =m+ public op9ion4 ,_! ef=ts 
ev5tually result$ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( an   
in/itute 9 ,london ) aims simil> to ^? (
 t 9 ,p>is4 ,?anks to ! munific5t action
 ( ,"l ,iveagh1 x has be5 h\s$ & equipp$
 n less wor?ily ?an its si/] f\ndation4 
,! ,london ,in/itute ( ,prev5tive       
,m$ic9e n[ be>s ! hon\r$ "n ( ,"l ,li/]1
 its fir/ ,presid5t4  ,roscoe 0 its     
,treasur] f #ahia to #aijd & ,*airman f 
#aijd to #aiab1 & aga9 f #aiad to ! "t (
 8 dea?4 ,! build+ has n[ be5 complet$  
at a co/ ( #bh1jjj1 entirely paid out ( 
income1 & !re has be5 a gradual &       
consid]able increase 9 ! sci5tific /aff 
& 9 ! volume ( "w done4 ,! =mation ( !  
,m$ical ,rese>* ,committee 0 ?\ght by   
,roscoe to affect ! int]e/s ( !         
,in/itute1 & he consid]$ t x might be   
bett] to br+ ab\t a work+ arrangem5t    
betwe5 ! two bodies4 ,he felt t !       
indep5d5t exi/5ce ( two su* s*emes (    
rese>* might lead to rivalry r ?an to   
co-op]ation1 & t ! sup]ior res\rces ( ! 

,gov]nm5t ,committee might op]ate to !  
disadvantage ( ! ,in/itute4 ,x 0 also   
?\ght t ! addition ( ! res\rces ( !     
,in/itute to ^? at ! disposal ( !       
,committee toge!r ) ! union ( ! two     
sci5tific /affs w\ld prove a great      
advantage to ea* & contribute l>gely to 
! success ( bo?4 ,ano!r m practical po9t
 0 t ! amalgamation s*eme w\ld remove f 
! ,in/itute ! burd5some necessity ( hav+
 to e>n money by r\t9e diagnosis "w 9   
ord] to provide a suffici5t income to   
support ! sci5tific "w1 & to p]mit ( its
 increase4 ,?is contemplat$ action gave 
rise to a consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion4
 ,z a "q ( policy x obvi\sly admitt$ (  
two sides1 & :5 ! matt] came up =       
decision ! prepond]at+ feel+ 0 to let   
well alone & to all[ ! ,in/itute to     
cont9ue to develop along indep5d5t l9es4
     ,,*apt] ,,xii  ,,dignities ,,&     
,,hon\rs--,,! ,,deuts*e                 
,,revue--,,g]many ,,& ,,engl&--,,_w     
,,supremacy ,,or ,,w>   ,roscoe's       
s]vices to sci5ce & to ! cause (        

education 7 widely recogniz$4 ,he 0 an  
honor>y graduate ( _m univ]sities at    
home & abroad1 & an honor>y or          
correspond+ memb] ( _m =eign sci5tific  
societies4 ,he 0 a ,d4,c4,l4 ( ,ox=d2 & 
,,ll4,d4 ( ,cambridge 7#ahhc71 ,dubl9   
7#ahgh71 ,glasg[ 7#aija71 & ,montreal   
7#ahhd72 & ,d4,sc4 ( ,ab]de51 ,liv]pool1
 & ,victoria4 ,on ! occasion ( ! eigh?  
jubilee ( ! f\ndation ( ,heidelb]g      
,univ]sity he 0 made an honor>y ,m4,d4  
,he s]v$ z a memb] ( ! jury = *emical   
products ( ! ,engli% section ( ! ,fr5*  
,exhibition ( #ahgh1 & 0 made an (fic] (
 ! ,legion ( ,hon\r1 & 9 #ahhi a        
correspond+ memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,in/itute ( 
! ,academy ( ,sci5ces4 ,he 0 an honor>y 
memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical       
,society ( ,philadelphia & ( ! ,new     
,york ,academy ( ,sci5ces2 ( ! ,*emical 
,society ( ,b]l92 ( ! ,buns5            
,gesells*aft1 ( ! ,v]e9 fr              
,naturwiss5s*aft ( ,brunswick1 & ( !    
,physikalis*e ,v]e9 ( ,frank=t2 a       
correspond+ memb] ( ! ,bav>ian ,academy 

( ,sci5ces ( ,muni*1 ( ! ,royal ,society
 ( ,sci5ces ( ,gtt+51 ( ! ,royal ,accad4
 ,l9cei ( ,rome1 & ( ! ,academy (       
,natural ,sci5ce ( ,catania2 a memb] ( !
 ,leop4 ,c>ol4 ,akad4 ( ,halle1 & ( !   
,physiogr4 ,sllsk ( ,lund4 ,he 0 an     
honor>y memb] ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1
 & ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society
 ( ,man*e/]4 ,9 #aiab ! ,frankl9        
,in/itute aw>d$ him ! ,elliott ,cresson 
,gold ,m$al4  ,he 0 sworn ( ! ,privy    
,c\ncil 9 #aiji--;an hon\r :i* he       
accept$ n only z a p]sonal di/9ction b z
 a recognition ( ! claims ( ,sci5ce4  ,b
 ( all ! di/9ctions & m>ks (            
appreciation he receiv$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8   
long & busy life1 none af=d$ him a tru] 
or m he>t-felt gratification ?an !      
action tak5 by 8 old pupils 9 celebrat+ 
! fiftie? anniv]s>y ( ! date--,m>* #be1 
#ahed--on :i* he took 8 ,heidelb]g      
degree4 ,! w>m? & cordiality ) :i* !    
idea ( commemorat+ 8 jubilee 0 receiv$1 
n only by 8 =m] /ud5ts b by e tea*+     
in/itution1 academic body1 & sci5tific  

society ) :i* he 0 or _h be5 connect$1 0
 a /rik+ te/imony to ! reg>d & e/eem 9  
:i* he 0 univ]sally held4 ,! ,univ]sity 
( ,heidelb]g r5ew$ its diploma ( ,doctor
 ,philosophi ,naturalis1 & accompani$ x 
by an address f ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,bad51   
,rector ( ! ,univ]sity1 ! ,pro-,rector1 
,s5ior ,dean1 & ! o!r pr(essors ( !     
,philosophical ,faculty4 ,addresses 7   
also s5t by ,univ]sity ,college1        
,london1 ! ,victoria ,univ]sity1 & !    
,univ]sities ( ,london1 ,liv]pool1      
,birm+ham1 ,wales1 ,scotl&1 ,montreal1  
,melb\rne1 ,new ,zeal&1 & ,tokyo2 ,k+'s 
,college1 ,london1 ! ,york%ire ,college1
 & ! ,univ]sity ,colleges ( ,%effield1  
,newca/le1 & ,dundee2 ! ,royal &        
,*emical ,societies1 ! ,society (       
,*emical ,indu/ry1 ,briti% ,association1
 ! ,li/] & ,pa/eur ,in/itutes1 & a numb]
 ( ! academies & sci5tific societies (  
,g]many1 ,italy1 ,holl&1 & ,am]ica4 ,9  
addition a l>ge numb] ( congratulatory  
lett]s & messages 7 receiv$ f di/+ui%$  
fri5ds1 *emi/s1 & physici/s ?r\gh\t     

,europe1 ,am]ica1 & ! ,briti% ,dom9ions 
beyond ! ,seas4  ,! celebration 0 held  
on ,april #bb1 #aijd1 9 ! beautiful     
,:itwor? ,hall ( ! ,victoria ,univ]sity 
9 ! pres5ce ( a l>ge & en?usia/ic ga!r+ 
( =m] /ud5ts & colleagues1 & ( fri5ds :o
 _h j\rney$ to ,man*e/] to pres5t       
addresses4  ,( all ^! addresses1 ! "o1  
he says 9 8 autobiography1 t t\*$ him   
mo/ ne>ly 0 t f 8 =m] pupils4 ,x ran z  
foll[s3      ,we1 ! und]sign$1 all ( :om
 h ! hon\r to numb]     ourselves among 
y\r pupils1 desire on ! occasion ( !    
celebration ( ! ,fiftie? ,anniv]s>y ( ! 
date ( y\r     graduation z a ,doctor ( 
,philosophy ( ! ,univ]sity (            
,heidelb]g to (f] y our he>ty           
congratulations1 & to     express our   
pleasure t y are able to be ) u 9 heal? 
& /r5g? to receive ?is te/imony ( our   
gratitude &     e/eem4      ,!          
half-c5tury :i* has elaps$ s9ce ! day ( 
y\r ,doctor     promotion               
summa-cum-laude1 has witness$ an        
extraord9>y     developm5t 9 t bran* (  

natural k to :i* y     h p>ticul>ly     
devot$ y\rself4 ,we recall ) pride 9    
h[ l>ge a measure y\r own lab\rs h      
contribut$ to t     gr[?--by y\r "w z an
 orig9al inve/igator1 by y\r     lit]>y 
productions1 by y\r rem>kable & almo/   
unexampl$     success z a tea*]1 by !   
influ5ce y h ex]t$ 9     ! organization 
& direction ( societies conc]n$ )       
,sci5ce1 by y\r unceas+ & well-direct$  
ef=ts to     secure = ,sci5ce its due   
position 9 ! s*eme ( ,national          
,education & ! full] recognition ( its  
relations to !     well-be+ ( civiliz$  
communities4 ,x 0 y\r good =tune     at 
! outset ( y\r c>e] to come "u !        
influ5ce (     illu/ri\s *emical        
philosoph]s--,graham1 ,williamson1      
,buns54     ,y\r good =tune has be5 our 
great ga94 ,y h n only     wor?ily      
upheld ! traditions associat$ ) su*     
names1 b     y h inspir$ o!rs by y\r    
example4 ,y\r influ5ce is     to be se5 
9 ! creation ( ! great ,s*ool ( ,*emi/ry
     9 :i* y h lab\r$ = ?irty ye>s1 & 9 

:i* y     taught hundr$s ( pupils2 x is 
equally felt 9 ! _m     simil> places   
?r\gh\t ?is k+dom :i* are modell$ ^u    
! l9es y indicat$1 & :i* are to-day     
actuat$ by y\r     me?od & example4     
,we gratefully recall ! obligations t we
 are "u to     y z our tea*]1 & we *]i% 
! memory ( ! signal     s]vices y h     
r5d]$ to ! ,in/itution ( :i* we     are 
pr\d to be memb]s4 ,y came to x 9 ! days
 ( its     prec>i\s infancy1 y assi/$ to
 re> x into a vigor\s     y\?1 %>+ its  
aspirations1 & /imulat+ its endeav\rs2  
y behold x n[ ( age1 & ent]+ ^u a great 
c>e]4      ,t y %\ld h liv$ to see &    
enjoy ?is fruition (     y\r lab\rs is a
 matt] ( special gratification to u1 z x
     mu/ be to y4 ,bless$ ) cont9u+     
heal? & happ9ess     may y long be sp>$ 
to witness its gr[? 9 prosp]ity &       
usefulness4  ,to ?is address he repli$3 
,( all gratify+ & f> too flatt]+        
addresses :i* ,i am     to-day receiv+1 
none come s ne> my he>t z t sign$ by    
?ree hundr$ ( my =m] /ud5ts4      ,:at c

 a tea*] value m ?an ! sympa?y & good   
op9ion ( 8 pupils1 & ?is y h giv5 me 9  
full     measure4      ,if ,i succe$$ 9 
=m+ a ,s*ool ( ,*emi/ry at ,ow5s1 x     
0 because1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i le>nt f   
,buns5 h[ !     f\ndations ( su* a s*ool
 mu/ be laid2 secondly1 because ,i      
=tunately secur$ ! co-op]ation 9 ! task 
( good m5     & true1 l ,s*orlemm] &    
,dittm>2 & la/ b n lea/     because ,i 0
 surr\nd$ by an ev]-increas+ b& ( "y    
m5 imbu$ ) ! true sci5tific _s1 able &  
anxi\s to     devote !mselves to ! /udy 
& to ! advancem5t ( _!     sci5ce4      
,well aw>e ( my own defici5cies1 &      
recogniz+ ! gulf     :i* lies betwe5    
promise & p]=mance1 ,i yield to none    
9 ! p]sonal int]e/ :i* ,i take 9 y\r    
progress &     welf>e1 & 9 !            
affectionate remembrance 9 :i* ,i hold  
ea* & all ( y4 ,_m1 _m ?anks4  ,9 8 lat]
 ye>s1 & :5 ! physical disabilities (   
age kept him m & m indoors1 ,roscoe     
occupi$ himself 9 contribut+ %ort       
articles to ! ,deuts*e ,revue on        

academic or educational subjects4 ,?us 9
 8 fir/ article he recalls 8 ,heidelb]g 
exp]i5ces1 & dwells ^u 8 fri5dly        
relations ) ,g]man m5 ( sci5ce1 dat+ f !
 e>ly 'fifties ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,9 a     
second article he describes ! rise ( !  
,engli% ,univ]sities--anci5t & mod]n--_!
 *>act]i/ics & ! diff]5ces 9 con/itution
 & me?ods betwe5 !m & ! ,g]man          
,univ]sities4 ,9 #aijh an article       
entitl$ 8,an ,engli% ,man ( ,sci5ce on !
 ,fri5d%ip ( ! ,g]man ,emp]or = ,engl& &
 ^u ! relations ( ,engl& & ,g]many10    
indicates a c]ta9 feel+ ( anxiety at !  
gr[+ unre/ he p]ceives 9 ref]5ce to     
,g]many's int5tions 9 s rapidly increas+
 ! /r5g? ( h] fleet4 ,he foll[s ?is up )
 a long] article on 8,! ,peace ,mission 
( ! ,sci5ces10 9 :i* he exp&s a fav\rite
 !me to :i*1 to our grief1 circum/ances 
h n[ giv5 ! lie direct4 ,9 quick        
succession he writes lett]s to ! editor 
on 8,a few words conc]n+ ,engl& &       
,g]many02 8,int]national ,und]/&+02 8,no
 m ,w> 9 ,europe0--9 :i* he /rives to   

remove misappreh5sion1 & to make cle> to
 ,g]man read]s t !re is no widespread   
feel+ ( animosity 9 ?is c\ntry t[>ds !  
,fa!rl&4  ,! foll[+ lett] to ! writ]    
ref]s to ?is matt]3--      ''' ,has     
,ans*tz s5t y 8 pamphlet on ,c\p]8 ,x is
 v     int]e/+1 & places ,c4 on a level 
) ,kekul4''' ,i am     langui%+ = "s    
sci5tific conv]se4 ,i fe> no *ance (    
see+ y at pres5t4 ,b ,i %\ld l to6      
,z a ,zeitv]treib ,i h writt5 a         
political diatribe     entitl$ 8,es soll
 9 ,europa ke9 mehr ,krieg seyn0 = !    
,deuts*e ,revue4 ,! ,p[]s w tremble :5  
!y read     x--:i* !y won't6 ,b ! editor
 is pleas$ & calls me--or     r1 ,i     
fancy1 8 daught] does--8,de>e/ ,sir     
,h5ry06  ,"u ! title ( 8,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii
 ! ,peacemak]0 he contribut$ to ! same  
review a %ort article writt5 a few weeks
 aft] ! ,k+'s dea?1 9 :i* he dilat$ on 8
 high p]sonal qualities1 8 m]its z a    
rul]1 & 8 love ( ord] & peace4 ,8 la/   
communication on 8,g]many & ,engl&0 !   
editor decl9$ to pr9t1 b x 0 publi%$ 9  

,nord und ,sud1 an old-e/abli%$ &       
well-kn[n =tnightly review ( good       
repute4 ,! article is s *>act]i/ic ( !  
good s5se & "r feel+ ( its au?or t x is 
well wor?y ( reproduction1 ap>t f its   
int]e/ 9 relation to ! "o supreme topic 
( ! "t4       ,,g]many ,,& ,,engl&4     
,i write nei!r f ! po9t ( view ( a      
diplomati/ nor     ( a politician1 b    
simply z a sci5tific man :o1 be+     a  
,m5s*5freund & ,deuts*-ges9nt & anxi\s  
to     see diff]5ces betwe5 ! nations z 
betwe5 individuals     disappe>1 asks   
himself ! que/ions1 :o are ! p :o       
are /irr+ up all ?is discord2 :at d !y  
mean2 :at d     !y want2 :at is _! p[]8 
,we 9 ,engl& call ^! m5     ,j+oes4 ,9  
,g]many1 ,i believe1 !y are t]m$        
,pan-,g]mans or     ,all-,deuts*54 ,9   
,france !y are 8,revan*i/es10 & 9 ,italy
     8,irr$5ti/i40      ,:at !y mean is 
cle> en\gh2 !y mean mis*ief4 ,:at     !y
 want is n s pla91 = !y d n tell u 9    
simple     language2 inde$1 ,i d\bt :e!r
 !y "k !mselves4 ,t     _! language1    

:e!r spok5 or writt51 is m or less      
dang]\s to ! peace ( ! _w ev]ybody      
admits4 ,:at is     _! p[]1 & h[ f> t   
dang] goes1 is ano!r "q4     ,nobody    
believes t _! wi% to set ! nations by ! 
e>s     is %>$ by ! mass ( mank9d4 ,!   
g5]al good s5se &     hone/y ( ! p ( e  
nationality is a /rong bulw>k     aga9/ 
,*auv9ism4 ,& if ! true op9ion ( !      
,briti% &     ( ! ,g]man peoples c\ld be
 obta9$ :o c d\bt t     x w\ld be 9     
fav\r ( peace & good feel+ r ?an     (  
ho/ility & w>8 ,b to err is human1 & to 
be misl$     is easy1 s t x behoves ^?  
:o love progress & hate     all t       
opposes progress to use all ef=ts to    
d5\nce     & de/roy ,*auv9ism 9 e c\ntry
 & 9 e =m4     ,9 ,engl& ,j+oism has    
practically no p[]4 ,9 ,p>liam5t        
c]ta9ly none--witness ! spee*es lately  
deliv]$ 9 bo?     ,h\ses--n "o note (   
ill-feel+ t[>ds ,g]many 0 he>d4     ,on 
! contr>y1 ! w>me/ expressions (        
appreciation (     goodwill & fri5d%ip  
fell f ! lips n only ( !     memb]s ( ! 

pres5t ,gov]nm5t 9 ,lords & ,commons1 b 
also f ! lead]s ( ! ,opposition 9 bo?   
,h\ses1 &     ! wi% = an und]/&+ )      
,g]many 0 univ]sal &     emphatic4      
,9 ! ,briti% ,press1 ) a few di%on\rable
 & unimportant     exceptions1 ! same ?+
 may tru?fully be said4 ,! work+        
classes h nev] be5 infect$ by           
anti-,g]manism4 ,our     comm]cial m51  
:o are br\ght into intimate trad+       
relations     ) ! ,g]mans1 desire an    
,anglo-,g]man und]/&+ beyond     all o!r
 aspirations 9 ! sph]e ( =eign policy4  
,to believe t ,engl& n[ wi%es1 or is    
likely ev] to     wi%1 to g to w> )     
,g]many is a delusion 9 :i* only     !  
insane c indulge4 ,:at on e>?1 may well 
be ask$1 c     ,engl& ga9 by comm5c+ w> 
) ,g]many8 ,suppose1 =     in/ance1 !   
,briti% fleet c\ld bomb>d & de/roy      
,hamburg2     9 :at way w\ld su* an act 
( v&alism b5efit u8 ,9 no     possible  
way2 on ! contr>y1 we %\ld be cutt+ our 
own     ?roats1 = is n ,hamburg "o ( our
 be/ cu/om]s1 m]ely     to look at !    

transaction f a monet>y po9t ( view8    
,let me pull d[n ano!r idol4 ,x has be5 
said1 & is /ill     believ$ by _m p]sons
 :o ought to "k bett]1 t ,engl&     is  
jeal\s ( ! ris+1 or ris51 _w-wide trade 
(     ,g]many1 & is det]m9$ to /op x 9  
def5ce ( h] own4     ,t su* a view has  
be5 express$ by c]ta9 ( my c\ntrym5     
is1 ( c\rse1 a fact4 ,b surely ?is is a 
totally false view4     ,imag9e1 if y c1
 ,g]many r$uc$ to ! condition ( half    
a c5tury ago1 poor1 disunit$1 ) little  
or no _w-wide     trade4 ,w\ld ,engli%  
comm]ce be m fl\ri%+ ?an :51 z     n[1  
,g]many is ri*1 unit$1 & trad+ ! wide _w
 ov]8     ,c]ta9ly n4 ,! ri*] our       
neighb\rs & competitors become     ! m w
 our own trade b5efit4 ,a man ) sixp5ce 
9 8     pocket is n mu* good z a buy]4  
,) a h&ful ( gold he     is a welcome   
cu/om]6 ,:at ! trade betwe5 ! two       
c\ntries     0 wor? fifty ye>s ago ,i   
don't "k1 b x mu/ h be5     a m]e       
fraction ( :at x n[ am\nts to1 namely1  
ov] #ajj     millions /]l+ a ye>4       

,is !re any o!r po9t ( view f :i* !     
notion t     ,engl& c p]sonally ga9 by  
mak+ w> on ,g]many c be     urg$8 ,i d n
 "k ( "o1 & p]haps our ,j+oes may ev5   
admit ?is4 ,b say !y3 8,if we d n decl>e
 w> ,g]many     is c]ta9 to d s4 ,is x n
 bett] = u to *oose our     own "t &    
occasion r ?an all[ our enemy to take ! 
/ep :5 ! conditions are mo/ fav\rable to
 !m80 ,?is     conclusion is s\nd       
provid$ ! premises are also s\nd4 ,does 
,g]many int5d to decl>e w> or s to act z
 to br+ ab\t     a w> ) ?is c\ntry8 ,:at
 is ! evid5ce8 ,c]ta9ly if     we are to
 accept ! /atem5ts ( ! ,all-,deuts*5    
p>ty     z repres5t+ ! op9ion ( ! nation
 at l>ge !re are     good gr\nds =      
believ+ t w> is inevitable4 ,b surely   
e "o :o kn[s any?+ ( ,g]many & ,g]man   
op9ion is     c]ta9 t ! ,all-,deuts*5 h 
ev5 less p[] to br+     ab\t w> ?an our 
own ,j+oes h1 & t _! utt]ances          
repres5t public op9ion 9 ,g]many to a   
less ext5t ?an ^?     ( our ,j+oes      
repres5t ! ,engli% op9ion4 ,! debates 9 

! ,rei*/ag1 ! spee*es ( y\r ,m9i/]s1 !  
expressions     9 ! m responsible organs
 ( ! ,g]man ,press1 & !     outspok5    
op9ion ( ! ,g]man work+ classes1 all    
tell !     same tale1 8,we d n want w>40
      ,/ill !re rema9s 9 ,g]many a /rong
 & widespread feel+     ( animosity--n  
to use a h>%] t]m--t[>ds ,engl&4     ,^u
 :at is ?is feel+ bas$8 ,:at has ,engl& 
done1 is     do+1 or is go+ to d t %\ld 
create su* a feel+ (     mi/ru/ &       
enmity8 ,i h nev] be5 able to answ] ?is 
"q1 & ,i believe x arises out ( a       
misund]/&+     & misconception2 a sort (
 revival ( ! old ,fr5* cry (            
8,p]fide ,albion40 ,c ^! ,all-,g]mans   
po9t to any "o (     ! _m ,anglo-,g]man 
agreem5ts :i* h be5 arriv$ at     f ! "t
 :5 ,g]many began to exp& d[n to !      
pres5t     mom5t :i* has n giv5 ,g]many 
e opportunity to take     h] place 9 !  
sun8      ,let me come to ! po9t4 ,has  
,engl& int]f]$ ) ,g]man     trade8 ,if  
%e has1 %e has fail$ egregi\sly1 = 9    
spite     ( ,engl&'s suppos$ ef=ts      

,g]man trade has increas$     & is      
increas+ by leaps & b\nds4 ,b :at signs 
(     int]f]5ce has ,engl& %[n8 ,c y\r  
,pan-,g]mans po9t to     a s+le in/ance8
 ,x is easy to write fi]y articles1 & to
     attribute ill-feel+ or jeal\sy1 to 
say ,g]many _c come     out 9 ! sun     
because ,brita9 8rules ! waves10 to     
ass]t     t ,engli%m5 dislike & despise 
! ,g]mans1 & t we     are jeal\s (      
,g]man prosp]ity4 ,?is is n only fooli% 
& unfri5dly talk1 b x is false f beg9n+ 
to end4     ,in/ead ( endeav\r+ to limit
 ,g]man trade our policy (     ! op5    
door has _h ! effect ( exp&+ x          
enorm\sly4     ,all our ports at home & 
9 =eign wat]s1 all our (fices1     %ops1
 & indu/ries are op51 & educat$ ,g]mans 
h     tak5 great advantage ( our policy 
bo? to _! own & to     our imm5se       
b5efit4 ,:]ev] ,briti% indu/ry or       
comm]ce     fl\ri%es !re ,g]man m]*ants 
or manufactur]s are f\nd1     & !re !y  
rema94 ,9 our own great cities1 9 ^? (  
our     ov]sea dom9ions1 z well z 9 our 

mo/ di/ant settlem5ts1     ! ubiquit\s  
,g]man fl\ri%es1 & is a welcome /r5g?   
to ! community4 ,:at m c ,engl& d to    
assi/ ,g]man     trade & indu/ry ?an %e 
has done & is do+8 ,h[ c x     ) any    
tru? be said t ,engl& /ops ,g]many f    
com+     out into ! sun8 8,yes10 ^!     
,pan-,g]mans may say1 8we grant     t y 
are v k9d1 & give u a help+ h&4 ,t is1  
h[ev]1 n good en\gh = ,g]many4 ,we mu/  
/& alone4 ,we     insi/ ^u hav+ a       
,colonial ,empire1 an ,ov]sea ,dom9ion1 
a     ,deuts*l& b] ,see1 z y h 9        
,au/ralasia1 ,canada1 &     ,s\?        
,africa40      ,well1 if ^! views 7 ^? (
 ! ,g]man nation in/ead (     t ( a     
some:at insignificant clique1 & if      
,g]many 7     to det]m9e t at all haz>ds
 ?is wi% mu/ be fulfill$1     ! "q w\ld 
at once become ( grave importance1      
because     t w\ld mean c]ta9 w> )      
,brita91 & probably )     ! ,unit$      
,/ates4 ,& = ?is reason ,engl& be+ a    
long     consolidat$ great ,p[] 7,welt  
,ma*t71 & hav+ _h !     comm& ( ! sea1 &

 h] p hav+ ! faculty (     successful   
colonization1 has1 = ! la/ f\r hundr$   
ye>s     at lea/1 s5t =? peaceful armies
 to annex & dwell 9 !     mo/ fruitful &
 habitable--b unciviliz$--p>ts ( ! _w4  
,to su* an ext5t has ?is movem5t be5    
successful t ne>ly     all ! areas ( l& 
n already occupi$ by civiliz$ man1     &
 capable ( be+ made a p]man5t home by   
,europeans1 h     be5 tak5 ov] by       
,engli%m5 or ,am]icans1 s t little      
space ( ! k9d is left = ! "y & aspir+   
,g]man     nation to annex4 ,:e!r = good
 or = evil %e has come too     late =   
?is game ( grab1 unless1 inde$1 %e is s 
ra%     z to try to take l& f ^? n[ 9   
possession4 ,?is1     ( c\rse1 entails  
w>1 & w> ! damage ( :i*--ev5 if         
victori\s on h] side--no am\nt ( l& or  
gold c\ld ev5     9 a small degree      
repay4 ,z to ! tru? ( ?is /atem5t1      
consult ! ,cr$it ,bank]s ( ,b]l91 & ask 
!m :at w\ld     be ! condition ( ! ,b]l9
 ,ex*ange ! day aft] w> 0     decl>$    
betwe5 ,g]many & ,engl&4 ,i1 = my "p1 d 

n     believe t ,g]many or its p are    
gone mad1 or likely to     become s1 &  
!re=e ,i d n believe t ,g]many w     ev]
 try to wre/ f ,engl& h] ,ov]sea        
,dom9ions or to     invade ! ,new ,_w ) 
! millions ( arm$ m5 necess>y     to    
e/abli% a ,fa!rl& 9 ! ,we/4      ,mu*   
has lately be5 said ab\t ,g]many be+    
ov]-populat$4     ,h] p increase by     
ne>ly "o million s\ls ye>ly4 8,"s       
outlet = ^! millions mu/ be f\nd10 say !
 ,all-,deuts*4     ,is ?is s cle>8 ,!   
population ( ,g]many is n ne>ly     s   
d5se z t ( our own c\ntry or t (        
,belgium1 &     9 bo? ^! c\ntries !     
conditions ( life are q z     fav\rable 
z ^? 9 ! ,fa!rl&4 ,moreov]1 is x n true 
t to-day ?\s&s ( work]s f o!r l&s are   
flock+     to fill new po/s creat$ by ! 
ev]-increas+ dem& =     lab\r 9 ! ,g]man
 indu/ries8      ,no6 ! high & glori\s  
aim & true function ( ! ,g]man          
nation is n to try to conqu] by ! 8mail$
 fi/0 ei!r     on l& or sea1 b to %[ h[ 
! _w may be dom9at$     by prov+ to     

mank9d ! gr& results :i* accrue to      
civilization :5 a nation has bo? ! p[] &
 !     det]m9ation to c>ry out its high 
ideals4 ,no o!r nation     9 ei!r ! ,old
 or ! ,new ,_w possesses ^! ideals 9    
su* high degree1 & is1 !re=e1 s fully   
able & s well     fitt$ to take ! lead 9
 ?is new dep>ture z ! ,g]man4      ,!   
old game ( w> is play$ out4 ,x has      
become a disgraceful     in/ead ( a     
glori\s "o 9 ! eyes ( tw5tie?-c5tury    
m54 ,we look to ,g]many to %[ h[ a mod]n
 /ate is to be     c>ri$ on = ! greate/ 
good ( its own p s z to     become an   
example to ! re/4 ,take ! op9ions ( y\r 
great     m5 ( ,sci5ce--m5 ( ! /amp (   
,helmholtz--m5 :o look$     =w>d in/ead 
( backw>ds1 & be guid$ by !m4 ,ask !m   
9 :at is national glory to consi/ 9 !   
com+ c5turies4     ,d n p9 y\r fai? on  
^? :o1 l ,treits*ke1 argue t     because
 w> has be51 x mu/ cont9ue to be1 m5 :o 
prea*     ! false doctr9e t its influ5ce
 is a purify+ "o1 &     a sav+ grace4   
,^! views are ^? ( ! pa/4 ,!y d n       

repres5t ! pres5t1 /ill less ! future   
op9ion ( mank9d4      ,! "t is n[ ripe1 
= has n ,dr4 von ,be?mann-,hollweg      
said on ! "p ( ! ,g]man p t ! national  
slate     is clean8 ,x w be ! greate/   
wick$ness & folly ( bo?     nations if  
?is appeal to ! bett] feel+s ( ! peoples
 is     n welcom$ & act$ ^u4      ,let  
,g]many pursue h] ideals1 & h] actions w
 rule !     _w1 because ^? ideals &     
actions make = peace &     progress4  ,t
 !re 0 a section--& a n inconsid]able   
section--( ! ,g]man public to :om ?is   
appeal 0 n 9 va9 0 manife/$ by !        
publication 9 ,/uttg>t ( a rem>kable    
article on 8,_w ,supremacy or ,w>10     
writt5 "u ! nom-de-plume (              
8,no/radamus40 ,?is s impress$ ,roscoe t
 he translat$ x = ! ,briti%-,g]man      
,fri5d%ip ,society--a society (         
influ5tial p]sons :o /rove to /em ! ris+
 tide :i* broke d[n all b>ri]s on t     
fateful day ( ,augu/ #aiad4 ,! purport (
 ! article 0 to po9t out t ! true policy
 ( ,g]many 0 to seek an alliance )      

,engl&4 ,! writ] admitt$ t we 7 ! fir/  
to (f] ! h& ( fri5d%ip1 b t "u ,bl['s   
rgime x 0 decl9$4 ,he fur!r %[s x 0 ?is 
circum/ance t l$ ,engl& to seek         
alliances else:]e--an action t 0 n only 
natural b ess5tial to our well-be+1 &   
:olly due to ! %ort-sight$ policy (     
,g]many4 ,! pamphlet is too long to be  
quot$ 9 full1 b a few extracts1 read 9 !
 light ( :at is happ5+1 may be ( int]e/4
       ,,_w ,,supremacy ,,or ,,w>4      
''' ,we h (t5 en\gh decl>$ t we nev]    
mean to attack     ,engl&4 ,does any "o 
imag9e t a prud5t nation w     tru/ to  
su* words :5 x comes to a "q = h] ( to  
be or n to be8 ,:at is x ^? ,britons see
 :o h be5     foll[+ ) int]e/ = tw5ty   
ye>s ! ev5ts :i* h     tak5 place 9 our 
c\ntry8 ,a /eady & cont9u\s increase    
( armam5ts2 a fleet born & gr[+ ea* ye> 
m & m     rapidly2 a rul] :o is         
re/lessly active--n[ 9 ! saddle1     n[ 
on ! capta9's bridge2 8 palace only us$ 
= sleep+4     ,:]ev] ! ,kais] goes 8    
=ces are 9 ! =efront4     ,ex]cises1    

manuvres1 mobilization ( ! fleet1 w>    
games1     conf]5ces1 & spee*es quickly 
foll[ "o ano!r4 ,8     spee*es ref] (t5]
 ?an ne$ful to ! grip ( ! sword1     &  
at ! same "t he s$ul\sly endeav\rs to   
negotiate     p]sonally ) 8 neighb\r+   
,/ates4 ,su* ?+s z !     ,krug] telegram
 & ! exp$ition to ,tangi]s look l fro?1 
b !y really hide p]sonal wi%es &        
incl9ations4 ,?us d     ! ,engli% see u4
 ,:at c !y1 :at mu/ !y ?9k ( x     all8 
,we are gr[n to be neighb\rs & yet we   
arm & arm4 ,our     trade is protect$1 &
 = (f5sive purposes a fleet w     ar\se 
little sympa?y4 ,h n bo? ,holl& &       
,belgium a     l>ge trade & yet no "o   
?9ks ( wre/+ x f !m4      ,aga9/ :at is 
,g]many arm+ if n aga9/ ,engl&'s comm&  
( ! sea8 ,mu/ n e ,engli%man ?9k s8 ,has
 n _!     mi/ru/ be5 fo/]$ by our       
policy1 by ! utt]ances ( our     m5 (   
m>k1 by ! op9ions ( our ,press1 & la/ b 
n     lea/ by ! propag&a ( our ,navy    
,league8      ,h[ c a cle>-head$ p l !  
,engli% ent]ta9     fri5dly feel+s = u 9

 view ( ^! evid5t pro(s ( our           
mi/ru/8 ,we h driv5 ,engl& into ! ,d\ble
 ,alliance4 8,he     :o is n ) me is    
aga9/ me40 ,%\ld we n d exactly !       
same8 ,we c>ry on a s5tim5tal policy1   
play ! injur$ p>ty1     :il/ suspicion  
prev5ts u f be+ op5-m9d$4      ,! ,g]man
 ,empire ought !re=e only to h a fleet  
suffici5t = h] real ne$s1 able to def5d 
h] coa/s1 to     act z m>itime police 9 
! areas ( small] ,/ates1 &     to p]=m  
convoy duty = our troop-%ips to our     
colonies4     ,a l>g] fleet is 9 fact   
ei!r a luxury or x is direct$     aga9/ 
,engl&4 ,su* logic is inexorable4 ,= our
 c5tre     ( gravity--o!rwise ?an is !  
case ) ,engl&--lies at     home4 ,we are
 n dep5d5t on ! importation ( food/uffs2
     ! #e p] c5t4 ( :at is n gr[n on our
 own soil mu/ be     sacrific$ 9 w>4    
,z to our comm]ce1 !re w be no dispute4 
,9 ! c\ntries     :]e our goods are sold
 ! ,g]man m]*ant is n only a            
necessity b valu$ z an indisp5sable     
fri5d & educator4     ,! m]*ant :o is n 

able to create su* a position is n      
wor? hav+ battle%ips ne> him to back up 
8 weaknesses4     ,only ! excell5ce &   
ta/efulness ( ! w>es he has to     sell 
& ! tact & +5uity ( ! sell]1 c\pl$ ) a  
full k ( local requirem5ts1 c ensure !  
prosp]ity     ( our comm]ce2 nev] !     
mail$ fi/6 ,?is _c be repeat$     too   
(t5 or too emphatically4      ,up to n[ 
! agreem5t ) ,france & ,russia has      
gu>ante$     ,engl&'s safety4 ,n[ ,engl&
 sees t ,france1 rely+ on !     milit>y 
conv5tion ) h] two fri5ds1 is work+     
s]i\sly     = w>4 ,%e kn[s t 9 ,russia !
 voice = w> aga9/     ,g]many is        
increas+4 ,su* a w> w\ld weak5 ,engl&'s 
,navy2     x w\ld ?r[ a hundr$ & fifty  
?\s& ,engli%m5 on !     battlefield2#cj 
x w\ld mean heavy dem&s on ! c\ntry's   
f9ance & h] colonies might make ?reat5+ 
movem5ts     aga9/ h] sov]eignty4 ,%e   
w\ld also lose h] be/ buy] &     sell]4 
,europe's pr$om9ance w\ld be imp]ill$6  
,^! are ! weighty reasons :y ! ,engli%  
,gov]nm5t are     try+--ev5 at ! elev5? 

h\r--to prev5t ?is w>4      ,_m object t
 ! psy*ological mom5t w n arrive =      
?is w>4 ,int]nal conditions w t5d to    
promote x4 ,nev]     h ! opportunities  
be5 s fav\rable = ! ,fr5*     &         
,russians to cross swords ) u1 & to     
endeav\r to     annihilate our position 
z a lead+ ,p[] ( ! ,cont95t4            
,france sees h] population go+ d[n ye>  
by ye>4 ,9 ! same     ratio ! prospect  
is dw9dl+ = ,france to rega9 ,alsace    
,lorra9e & !reby increase ( dom9ion1    
population1 &     pre/ige4 ,! hatr$ ( ! 
conqu]or cont9ues to blaze2 !y     h    
long s9ce lo/ all respect = u1 & !y are 
long+     to measure _! /r5g? ) ours4   
,newspap]s & leaflets     /ir up ! flame
 & prea* cet]um c5seo4      ,! ,republic
 und\bt$ly b9ds ! p toge!r m            
closely1 & w provide m means & m5 = _!  
armam5ts ?an is ! case ) u4 ,& ! call w 
n be 9     va91 nei!r are ,alliances nor
 ,milit>y ,conv5tions4 ,russia's        
,army & ,engl&'s fleet1 plus #aej1jjj   
m51 are gu>ante$ to     ,france4 ,italy 

is ti$ up 9 ,tripoli1 ! ,nor? ,sea      
,canal is     unusable1 a ?ird ( !      
,g]man vot]s h %[n !mselves z           
enemies ( ! ,/ate1 & p>ty disputes h    
demoraliz$ !     nation4 ,:5 w su* a    
concat5ation be repeat$8      ,& :at is 
! outlook = ,g]many8      ,d n let u fe>
 to look ! matt] /raight 9 ! face4 ,a   
w> on ?ree sides4 ,our ,navy aga9/ ?ree 
,navies1 & a triple     sup]iority4     
,victory at sea is impossible4 ,h[ev]   
mu* we may     h>m our oppon5ts we are  
c]ta9 to lose _m colonies4 ,on     !    
ma9l& fight+ on two flanks4 ,( c\rse we 
_c d5y     x & mu/ look at ! future     
coolly4 ,x is idle to wa/e     words    
ab\t su* a w>2 let u leave talk to o!rs4
 ,let u     look at a fav\rable         
solution3 ! defeat ( bo? oppon5ts4      
,:at w\ld peace br+ u8 ,annexation ( m  
,fr5* or ,russian     possessions8 ,no  
rational be+ c\ld ?9k ( su* a poison$   
gift4      ,& :at ab\t ov]seas &        
colonies8 ,9 =eign p>ts we %all     h   
no?+ m to say1 = our m]cantile & naval  

fleet     w be almo/ entirely de/roy$4  
,& z = money indemnity1     ev5 9 case  
we conqu]$ our oppon5ts we _c hope =    
heavy t]ms4 ,we %all be glad aft] ?is   
blood-lett+ to     embrace peace & to   
receive a portion ( our w> exp5ses4 ,we 
%\ld h to fight h>d1 & only ?r\gh riv]s 
( blood &     by /ra9+ e n]ve c we hope 
to keep our ,empire intact4     ,9 !    
#ahgj w> aga9/ ! ,fr5* ,empire 9 ne>ly e
 case     our victories 7 b\ght )       
sup]ior losses4 ,& h[ de>     ^!        
victories co/ u6      ,b n numb]s1 nor  
weapons1 nor c>eful prep>ations 9       
times ( peace are go+ to conqu] 9 ! w> (
 ! future4     ,esprit alone w turn !   
scale1 & to quote ! words     ( ,fr$]ick
 ! ,great1 8,! esprit ( an army lies 9  
its     (fic]s40 ,^? (fic]s w h ! be/   
influ5ce on _!     m5 :o h ! mo/ h>d5$  
physique & :o are tra9$     ea* "o      
accord+ to 8 p>ticul> b5t1 & are able to
 d     )\t com=ts & h ! natural gift (  
comrade%ip )     ! common soldi] comb9$ 
) /rict discipl9e4 ,!y mu/     evoke !  

soldi]s' e/eem & dep5d5ce & ! bl9d tru/ 
:i* ! unselfi% c>e ( _! m5 w produce4   
,?is c     be br\ght ab\t only by plac+ 
! well-be+ ( ! troops     9 ! =efront1 &
 )\t ! slighte/ consid]ation on     !   
(fic]s' "p = _! own advantage1          
unselfi%ly s9k+     _! p]sonality1 ris+ 
to e situation ) c\rage1 &     brac+ up 
e weakl+ or c[>d "u _! c>e by _!        
example4 ,t corps :i* possesses ^!      
qualities to !     fulle/ ext5t w c>ry  
victory ) _! col\rs1 & only     su* a   
set ( (fic]s c be our salvation4      ,d
 n let u und]e/imate our oppon5ts4      
,on ! we/ we h ! ,fr5* ,army ) a lurk+  
desire     = rev5ge1 its mat]ial        
intellig5t & full ( soldi]ly            
qualities4 ,! sons ( ! ,republic w fight
 ) ! same     c\rage !y did 9 !         
#ahgj-ahga campaign b "u bett]          
g5]al%ip4 ,! ,fr5* h le>nt a great deal2
 may we n     admit ?is to-day8      ,& 
h[ is x ) u8      ,an admission mu/ be  
made at a critical mom5t4 ,t mom5t has  
arriv$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ! sob] & e>ne/  

spee* &     ?\ght ( ! old ,prussians has
 become remote4 ,let u bew>e     (      
ov]confid5ce 9 ourselves4 ,we h a =ty   
ye>s' peace     beh9d u1 :i* is n v good
 = ! ,g]man ,army4 ,s mu*     = u4      
,& :at w victory br+ u8      ,! loss (  
our ,navy & our ,colonies1 & our own    
de/ruction     only avoid$ by a sea (   
blood4 ,:at w happ5 :5 !     p return   
home1 awak5$ z to _! own "* &     *a/5$ 
by a fruitless fight8 ,we speak ( a     
fav\rable     result4 ,& if ?is does n  
occur8 ,if ,g]many does n w9 9     !    
next w> %all we be bl$ to dea?8 ,bism>ck
 said ?is1 &     let u admit x op5ly3   
8,9 ?is w> we h no?+ to ga9     & ev]y?+
 to lose40      ,he :o br+s ab\t ?is w> 
& :o does n try to obviate     ! dang]  
is p]petrat+ ! greate/ outrage on !     
,g]man     nation4 ,he is endang]+ !    
creation ( ,bism>ck & 8     ,k+2 he is  
play+ ) load$ dice4  ,"h 0 a voice cry+ 
9 ! wild]ness--a prophet )\t hon\r 9 8  
own c\ntry6 ,b h[ true are 8 words6     
,,*apt] ,,xiii  ,,home ,,life--,,lady   

,,roscoe--,,woodcote ,,lodge--,,p]sonal 
,,*>act]i/ics--,,dea?   ,9 #ahfc ,roscoe
 m>ri$ ! lady :om he _h fir/ met 9 8    
aunt ,crompton's draw+-room 9 ,hyde ,p>k
 ,squ>e--,lucy1 ! y\nge/ memb] ( !      
family ( ,edmund ,pott]1 ,esq41 ,m4,p4 =
 ,c>lisle1 a well-kn[n ,man*e/] m]*ant &
 a fri5d & co-work] ( ,bright & ,cobd54 
,lady ,roscoe 0 a /rong & s9c]e "*1 (   
wide sympa?ies & g5]\s impulses1 ) a ri*
 fund ( common s5se1 & a high /&>d (    
duty & p]=mance4 ,%e _h _m intellectual 
int]e/s & a cultivat$ ta/e2 0 well read1
 a good judge ( lit]>y "w1 & an assidu\s
 collector ( old r>e & beautiful pr9ts4 
,9 ! e>ly days ( h] m>ri$ life1 & at a  
"t :5 %e _h to "w ) wet collodion or to 
prep>e h] own dry plates1 %e 0 recogniz$
 by exp]ts z a clev] photograph]1 &     
obta9$ m$als f ! ,photographic ,society 
= ! te*nical excell5ce & arti/ic m]it ( 
h] exhibits4 ,%e 0 an admirable ho/ess1 
& all :o h _h ! privilege ( p>tak+ ( h] 
hospitality *]i% an unfad+ memory ( h]  
k9dly mann]1 h] quiet dignity1 & unfail+

 tact4 ,"t dealt t5d]ly ) h]2 !         
additional ye>s br\ght an add$ *>m1 a   
wid5$ sympa?y1 & a l>g] measure (       
g5tl5ess & pity4 ,) h] heal?ful1 smil+  
face & beautiful :ite hair1 h]          
*>act]i/ically simple dress & ! r>e lace
 %e drap$ ab\t h] head & %\ld]s1 no     
woman 0 ev] m successful 9 ! art ( gr[+ 
old gracefully4 ,%e di$ 9 #aiaj4 ,( ?is 
union x 0 said by "o :o _h ! be/        
opportunities ( judg+3 8,( ! =ty-sev5   
ye>s ( m>ri$ life "o :o look$ on c say  
!re nev] 7 two m ( "o he>t & m9d40 ,! "o
 sorr[ ( _! lives--& x 0 a pr(\nd sorr[1
 a grief t *ang$ ! :ole curr5t ( _!     
aspirations--0 ! dea? ( _! only son :5  
an und]graduate at ,magdal5 ,college1   
,ox=d1 j z he 0 ent]+ on manhood4 ,he 0 
a "y man ( great *>m ( mann]1 ( high    
ideals1 & a /rong s5se ( duty &         
responsibility1 & ) ! ambition to s]ve 9
 a c>e] ( public usefulness or 9 "s     
position 9 :i* 8 well-m>k$ p[]s ( lit]>y
 expression might be turn$ to acc\nt4   
,two daught]s 7 also born ( ?is m>riage1

 ! eld] ( :om m>ri$ ,mr4 ,*>les ,e4     
,mallet1 =m]ly ,m4,p4 = ,plym\? &       
,"u-,secret>y = ,w> 9 ! la/ ,lib]al     
,gov]nm5t4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,n[h]e did ,roscoe appe> to
 great] advantage ?an 9 8 home4 ,8      
dome/ic life 0 s+ul>ly uncl\d$ save = ! 
"o great sorr[ 8t fail$ ! bright promise
 ( an e>ly day40 ,he _h no great        
anxieties & few c>es--only ! pass+ ones 
t att5d ! "w ( "o :o /rives to d ) all 8
 might :atsoev] 8 h& f9de? to d4 ,he 0  
,bless$ ) a temp] ^: uncl\d$ ray     ,c 
make to-morr[ *e]ful z to-day4  ,?is    
happy condition ( m9d 01 no d\bt1 l>gely
 temp]am5tal2 x 0 bas$ ^u a calm &      
equable disposition t w\ld h tak5       
,=tune's buffets & rew>ds ) equal ?anks4
 ,t !re 7 m rew>ds ?an buffets 0 due    
less to ,=tune ?an to himself1 = he 0 ! 
ar*itect ( 8 own c>e]1 & us$ 8          
opportunities wisely4 ,x is true he />t$
 ) advantages--a h&some pres5ce1 a      
well-knit1 manly frame1 a frank1 +5u\s  
mann]1 good social connections1 &1 aft] 

8 m>riage1 no anxieties z to ! res      
angu/a domi4  ,he 0 fond ( ! society ( 8
 fell[s1 hospitably dispos$1 & ( a w>m1 
g5ial nature4 ,inde$ he _h a g5ius =    
fri5d%ip1 & a b\ndless capacity =       
sympa?y & k9dness--in/9ctive1           
spontane\s1 impulsive--! sort ( sympa?y 
:]e action foll[s h>d ^u ! heels (      
incl9ation1 & ! k9d ( k9dness :i* is    
d\bl$ because x acts quickly4           
,innum]able in/ances ( 8 little         
nameless1 b n unrememb]$ acts ( k9dness 
& ( love might be cull$ f a             
correspond5ce :i* /ret*es ov] half a    
c5tury4 ,b "o *>act]i/ic action mu/     
suffice3                                
#aj ,,bramham ,,g>d5s1                  
,novemb] #be1 #ahic4      ,i he>d ( y   
ye/]day z hav+ be5 out 9 a              
ba?-*air--poor man6--s ,i came to two   
conclusions3 7#a7 ,t y     _h be5 v ill4
 7#b7 ,t y 7 bett]4 ,we h j come        
back f ?ree h\rs at ,woodcote1 & ,i     
said1 8,i wi% ,?orpe     0 "h40 8,:y n  
ask him & 8 wife to /ay "h next         

week80 said my bett]-half4 ,s ?is ,i n[ 
d1 & ,i hope y     w g !re3 ! air is    
lovely3 ! h\se is w>m4 ,!re is     an   
old woman :o c cook--& an old man :o _c4
 ,y c\ld     take "o ( y\r own maids to 
wait1 & !re is ev]y?+     ready--b$s &  
sitt+-rooms1 bread & meat--only no      
:isky4      ,i %all be delight$ if y w  
bo? g !re on ,tuesday4     ,!re is ,judy
 ! pony & its c>t at y\r s]vice1 & ,i c 
ord] a clos$ c>riage to take y up4      
,y mu/ take c>e ( y\rself4 ,?is attack  
ought to be &     w be a w>n+ to y n to 
"w on z y h done4 ,x is     s]i\s1 & ,i 
am1 ) _m fri5ds1 anxi\s y %\ld draw     
9 y\r horns4 ,really y\r pr(essional "w 
is en\gh = "o     man1 & :at a pile y   
put on to ! top ( ?is6      ,let me "k1 
if possible1 to-morr[ 7,sunday7 night   
:e!r y     w g4 ,i am sure y w\ld enjoy 
y\rselves1 & ,i w let     ,e "k s t all 
%all be ready4  ,no man 0 m quick to    
recognize & to appreciate m]it & wor?y  
motives4 ,( /rong common s5se1 p]fectly 
s9c]e1 frank & direct ( spee*1 ( an     

integrity ( purpose :i* 0 p]fectly      
obvi\s & :i* admitt$ ( no unwor?y       
compromise1 he 01 z !y say 9 ! qua9t    
=ceful ,lanca%ire dialect he lov$ at    
times to recall z ! spee* ( 8 =]unn]s1 8
 em95t gr&fa!r includ$--8jannock0#ca to 
! backbone--! v type we associate ) !   
national "*4 ,^! m>ks ( 8 p]sonality    
con/itut$ ! s\rce ( 8 influ5ce4 ,a      
broad-m9d$ man1 :o ?\ght spaci\sly & did
 ?+s magnanim\sly1 nature int5d$ him to 
be a lead]4 ,8 example 0 infecti\s1 &   
n[h]e 0 x m obvi\s ?an at ,ow5s         
,college1 :]e ! success ( 8 own dep>tm5t
 0 a con/ant /imulus to 8 colleagues4   
,m5 valu$ 8 c\nsel because !y tru/$ 8   
judgm5t4  ,he knew 8 limitations z a man
 ( sci5ce4 ,he 0 too hone/ & s9c]e to   
*]i% any illusions z to ! position      
po/]ity w\ld assign to him z a lead] 9  
*emical inquiry4 ,! pr(\nd respect1     
am\nt+ almo/ to rev]5ce1 he _h =        
,f>aday1 ,j\le1 ,buns51 ,helmholtz--all 
m5 he le>n$ to "k p]sonally--0 bas$ ^u !
 k t !y _h rea*$ intellectual heights to

 :i* he c\ld n climb4 ,he _h n ! /udi\s1
 contemplative habit ( 8 ma/] ,graham4  
,contact ) ,williamson k9dl$ no lat5t   
faculty = speculation4 ,! %ibbole?s (   
mod]n *emi/ry--types1 bonds1 l9kages1   
*a9s1 etc41 etc41 _h h>dly m real mean+ 
= him ?an !y _h = ,buns51 to :om !y 7   
practically un9telligible4 ,x 0         
*>act]i/ic ( bo? t :51 at ,kekul's      
solicitation1 !y jo9tly att5d$ ! *emical
 congress on nom5clature at ,c>lsruhe 9 
#ahfj1 :5 ,cannizz>o br\ght =w>d 8      
memorable communication conc]n+ !       
rational basis ( fix+ atomic & molecul> 
weights1 !y %\ld n h recogniz$ its      
significance4 ,( c\rse !y 7 n s+ul> 9   
?is respect4 ,! revolution did n come at
 once4 ,avogadro's hypo!sis nev] affect$
 ,buns5's tea*+2 "s ye>s 7 ne$$ be=e x  
rea*$ ,man*e/]1 & !re are /ill survivals
 :o nev] h be5 cle> :y wat] %\ld be ,,ho
 "o ye> & ,h,o ! next4 ,buns51 inde$1   
us$ to say t "o new *emical fact1 ev5 an
 unimportant "o1 accurately det]m9$1 0  
wor? a :ole congress ( discussion (     

matt]s ( !ory4 ,! tru? 0 ,roscoe1 9     
*emi/ry z 9 o!r matt]s1 0 prim>ily a man
 ( action3 he 0 ess5tially an           
8exp]im5t>ian philosoph]10 z ,hobbes    
sne]+ly dubb$ ! :ole ( ! ,fell[s ( !    
,royal ,society4 ,a fact absolutely     
asc]ta9$ 0 a def9ite & p]man5t addition 
to k2 hypo!ses & !ories 7 transitory &  
mutable2 !y h _! day & cease to be4  ,b 
x w\ld be unju/ & untrue to assume t    
,roscoe set no value on !ory3 he fully  
recogniz$ t %e 0 ! h&maid ( ,sci5ce4 ,he
 :o _h s c>efully /udi$ ,dalton's pap]s 
& foll[$ ! work+s ( 8 m9d 9 ! light ( a 
c5tury's exp]i5ce1 c\ld n be unm9dful ( 
! wor? ( a fruitful conception4         
,m5delejeff's g5]alization :5 x 0 fir/  
promulgat$ at once attract$ him1 & he   
foll[$ its />tl+ v]ifications ) !       
greate/ int]e/4 ,x 0 always a matt] (   
gratification t 8 detection ( ! true    
relations ( vanadium to ! o!r elem5ts1 j
 prior to ! ann\ncem5t ( ! ,law (       
,p]iodicity1 %\ld h remov$ at lea/ :at  
w\ld h be5 "o app>5t exception to !     

univ]sality ( its tru?4         99      
99       99       99       99  ,:5      
,roscoe fir/ settl$ 9 ,man*e/] he liv$ )
 8 "m 9 ! h\se :i* _h be5 occupi$ by 8  
pr$ecessor1 ! late ,sir ,edw>d ,frankl&4
 ,on 8 m>riage he mov$ to ,victoria     
,p>k1 & subsequ5tly1 aft] ! bir? ( 8    
*ildr51 to a l>g] resid5ce :i* 0 built =
 him 9 ! same neighb\rhood4 ,x 0 a *>m+1
 well-arrang$ h\se surr\nd$ by a        
good-siz$ g>d51 & ) an excell5t t5nis   
lawn1 to :i* 8 colleagues & s5ior /ud5ts
 7 freely invit$ on half-holidays dur+ !
 summ] mon?s4 ,9 ^? days ,roscoe 0 an   
active play]1 8 rea* & l5g? ( /ride mak+
 him a =midable oppon5t4 ,bo? he & ,lady
 ,roscoe 7 fond ( horses1 & = "s ye>s   
rid+ 9 company ) h] 0 8 usual =m (      
outdoor ex]cise4 ,occasionally !y w\ld  
plan a driv+ t\r toge!r1 & consid]able  
sections ( ,engl& & ,wales 7 explor$ 9  
?is way4 ,:il/ 8 *ildr5 7 "y 8 long     
vacations 7 usually sp5t 9 ! ,lakes or 9
 ,scotl&1 or at ,mr4 ,edmund ,pott]'s   
c\ntry seat1 ,camfield ,place1 ne>      

,hatfield4 ,roscoe's long vacations     
usually meant to him ei!r a *ange (     
occupation1 or ! cont9uance ( a piece ( 
lit]>y "w 9 new surr\nd+s4 ,_m ( 8      
memoirs 71 9 fact1 put toge!r dur+ 8    
vacations3 x 0 only at su* p]iods1 :51  
free f ! r\t9e ( lectur+1 laboratory    
sup]9t5d5ce & ,college committees1 t he 
c\ld c\nt ^u ! necess>y fre$om f        
int]ruption to arrange ! results ( an   
inquiry4 ,! compilation ( 8 small]      
text-books 0 usually done at su* times4 
,! l>ge treatise :i* he wrote )         
,s*orlemm]1 & :i* necess>ily ne$$ ready 
access to a libr>y ri* 9 s]ial          
publications1 0 ma9ly compos$ 9         
,man*e/]4 ,at "o p]iod ( 8 c>e] he 0 a  
frequ5t contributor to c]ta9 ( ! qu>t]ly
 reviews1 & ! e>ly volumes ( ,nature    
conta9 occasional communications f 8 p54
 ,x 0 a po9t ( hon\r to translate any   
pap] ( ,buns5's = ! ,philosophical      
,magaz9e4  ,dur+ ! e>li] portion ( 8    
,p>liam5t>y c>e] he liv$ 9 ,mrs4        
,pott]'s t[n h\se 9 ,que5's ,gate1 until

 he mov$ to ,bramham ,g>d5s1 ,s\?       
,k5s+ton1 :i* cont9u$ to be 8 ,london   
h\se until a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?4       
,al?\gh he always reg>d$ 8 ?irty ye>s at
 ,ow5s z 8 *ief "w1 ! ?irty ye>s ( 8    
,london life 7 h>dly less busy ?an ! "t 
he sp5t 9 ,man*e/]4 ,! occupation might 
n be s cont9u\s1 b x 0 c]ta9ly m        
multif>i\s4 ,t5 ye>s ( ,p>liam5t>y &    
active political life _h br\ght ) !m new
 activities & fre% dem&s ^u 8 "t &      
en]gy1 & except = occasional p]iods (   
en=c$ idl5ess due to attacks ( g\t--!   
only con/itutional weakness f :i* he    
suff]$1 & :i*1 z he us$ ruefully to     
obs]ve1 he _h done no?+ to des]ve--he 0 
always busy4 ,he _h a s]i\s attack (    
pneumonia 9 ! w9t] ( #aijb1 :i* left him
 enfeebl$ = a "t1 b ev5tually1 aft] a   
summ] 9 ,mrr5 & ,burg5/ock & a w9t] 9   
,algi]s & ,sicily1 he seem$ to h        
completely %ak5 (f its ill effects4     
,o!rwise 8 s\nd & vigor\s con/itution   
kept him free f ev5 pass+ ailm5ts1 & 8  
f\rscore ye>s 7 pass$ ) few int]ruptions

 to 8 activity f illness4  ,%ortly aft] 
,roscoe took up 8 resid5ce 9 ,london he 
s\ght = "s pi$--t]re 9 ! c\ntry = ! sake
 ( re/ & *ange ( sc5e1 & relief f !     
physical & m5tal /ra9 ( cont9u\s life 9 
t[n4 ,9 #ahib he 0 able to obta9 a      
delightful place on ,"l ,lovelace's     
prop]ty 9 ,surrey1 "s two doz5 miles f  
,london4 ,x 0 beautifully situat$ on !  
,nor? ,d[ns1 betwe5 ,guild=d & ,dork+1  
amid/ "s ( ! lovelie/ sc5]y 9 ! ,s\? (  
,engl&4 ,he & ,lady ,roscoe alt]$ x to  
suit _! requirem5ts3 he to build a      
spaci\s /udy & to provide room = 8 _m   
books1 & %e to h\se h] own collection   
:i* 0 ev5 m num]\s1 & to accommodate !  
_m works ( art ) :i* %e _h surr\nd$     
h]self4 ,roscoe has giv5 a *>m+         
^w-picture 9 8 autobiography ( ?is ideal
 retreat1 to :i* z ! ye>s increas$ !y   
became m & m atta*$4 ,"h !y _h      ,an 
elegant suffici5cy1 cont5t1             
,retirem5t1 rural quiet1 fri5d%ip1      
books1     ,ease & alt]nate lab\r4  ,"h 
,lady ,roscoe c\ld indulge to ! full h] 

ta/e 9 g>d5+1 & ! cultivation ( fl[]s & 
fl[]+ %rubs became h] ma9 outdoor       
occupation4 ,%e work$ at h] hobby ) all 
! en?usiasm & skill %e _h =m]ly display$
 9 photography1 & ) equal success1 = %e 
made ,woodcote not$ ?r\gh\t !           
c\ntry-side = ! *oic5ess & ri*ness ( its
 floral weal?4 ,"o :o knew h] well wrote
 ( h]3      ,fl[]s 7 nam$ aft] h] n s   
mu* z a crit]ion ( h]     horticultural 
k1 z a recognition ( an almo/ lavi%     
g5]osity to ! se$sm5 & nurs]y g>d5]s1 _m
 ( :om     7 h] p]sonal fri5ds4  ,atta*$
 to ! prop]ty 0 a home-f>m ( "s sev5ty  
acres1 :i* _h be5 all[$ to get into a v 
backw>d /ate4 ,roscoe1 ) no previ\s     
exp]i5ce ( f>m+1 resolv$ to br+ x into  
bett] condition1 & ) ! help ( 8         
,we/morel& bailiff he gradually succe$$ 
9 do+ s4 ,! bus9ess 0 a con/ant int]e/  
to him4 ,he 0 pr\d ( 8 c>t-horses :i*   
ga9$ comm5dation & prizes at ! local    
%[s2 ( 8 well-br$ ,j]sey c[s2 ( 8 bre$ (
 ,b]k%ire pigs--! little pigs 7 a       
con/ant s\rce ( amusem5t--& ( 8 p\ltry4 

,he records ) mu* satisfaction t 8our0  
field--7he always associat$ 8 bailiff ) 
^! agricultural triumphs1 z he always   
associat$ 8 co-work]s ) 8 sci5tific     
a*ievem5ts7--8our field ( sw$es on      
sev]al occasions receiv$ ! fir/ prize = 
! be/ %[ tw5ty miles r\nd ,guild=d40 ,he
 w5t r\nd 8 f>m z he us$ to g r\nd 8    
laboratory1 & seem$ to be on ! same     
g5ial t]ms ) e animal on x z he _h be5 )
 8 /ud5ts4 ,! affectionate reg>d ) :i*  
he us$ to contemplate an old s[--a mo/  
prolific creature by ! way--0 a s\rce ( 
mu* fun to 8 fri5ds4 ,if %e did n :olly 
succe$ 9 8pay+ ! r9t10 %e d\btless did  
h] be/ t[>ds x1 & s m]it$ & receiv$     
comm5dation4  ,! hospitality ( ,woodcote
 is a treasur$ memory to numb]s (       
,roscoe's fri5ds4 ,few week-ends pass$  
)\t "o or m ( !m %>+ its pleasures )    
him4 ,sometimes x w\ld be "o ( 8 old    
associates 9 sci5tific "w1 or a         
political acqua9tance1 or a lit]>y      
fri5d1 or "s di/+ui%$ man ( sci5ce f    
abroad4 ,inde$1 few =eign sci5tific m5 (

 any note pass$ ?r\gh ,london )\t f9d+  
_! way to ,roscoe's hospitable bo>d4    
,my fa!r 7says ,miss ,roscoe7 delight$  
to br+ =eign]s1     & ! m het]og5e\s !y 
7 ! m he 0 pleas$4     ,i rememb] "o    
lun*eon p>ty ( late ye>s1 consi/+ ( a   
,*9aman1 a ,japanese1 a ,cze*1 a ,g]man1
 & our ?ree selves1     & ! ,occid5tals 
7 mu* ! quiete/ ( ! p>ty4  ,! visitors' 
book at ,woodcote is a possession ( no  
little hi/orical int]e/4  ,9 spite ( _! 
v>i$ delights & re/ful *>m !re 7 times  
:5 ,roscoe 0 n :olly cont5t to brea! 8  
native air 9 8 own gr\nds3 pigs1 p\ltry1
 & potatoes1 z he said1 occasionally lo/
 _! spell1 & 8! pa!tic sadness ( a g>d5 
9 autumn0 w\ld drive him & ,lady ,roscoe
 to a sunni] clime4 ,grasse1 ,italy1    
,egypt1 ,sicily1 ,algi]s1 ,tunis1       
,biskra 7 9 turn visit$ by !m dur+      
diff]5t w9t]s4 ,bo? he & 8 wife 7 fond (
 =eign travel1 & well-writt5 books (    
travel 7 a con/ant s\rce ( int]e/ to h]4
  ,& s ! ev5+ ( _! lives drew to its    
close4 ,h] end came swiftly--& ) sc>ce a

 w>n+4 ,8 call 0 to come five ye>s      
aft]w>ds1 & 0 to be no less sudd5 &     
equally unlook$ =4  ,9 ! meantime came !
 ,w>1 ) all its horrors1 griefs1 &      
anxieties--! cru%$ hopes = ! ,peace he  
_h /ruggl$ to pres]ve s f> z 9 him      
lay--! un5d+ enmity & bitt]ness he =esaw
 betwe5 two nations t 9 8 big he>t he _h
 fondly l9k$ toge!r z ! mightie/        
humaniz+ =ces ( ! _w4 ,x 0 a real grief 
to him t he %\ld h liv$ to see x all4   
,he frequ5tly ?\ght & spoke ( 8 old     
,heidelb]g fri5ds--mo/ ( :om _h pass$   
away--& tri$ to realize _! feel+ (      
horror at ! spectacle :i* n[ confronts  
u4 ,b 8 ,g]many 0 n ! ,g]many ( to-day1 
& gradually & reluctantly he 0 compell$ 
to admit x4 ,he /ill cont9u$ to occupy  
himself ) 8 cu/om>y pursuits--s long z  
recurr5t attacks ( 8 ar*-enemy ! g\t    
w\ld p]mit4 ,he read assidu\sly & took  
an active int]e/ 9 curr5t topics--! v>y+
 =tunes ( ! /ruggle1 politics1 &        
sci5tific matt]s4 ,he pres]v$1 9 fact1  
all ! int]e/s ( 8 life to ! end4 ,h[    

m5tally al]t & vigor\s he rema9$ w be   
evid5t f ! foll[+ lett]s3               
,,woodcote ,,lodge1                     
,,we/ ,,horsley1 ,,lea!rhead1           
,septemb] #bj1 #aiad4      ,i h be5 laid
 up1 m or less1 s9ce ! w> broke out     
) dyspepsia & g\t1 b n[ ,i am recov]+4  
,:at are y     do+1 & :5 c we meet--:i* 
means :5 c y come "h8      ,:at d y say 
to ,o/wald6 ,i enclose a cutt+ f !      
,we/m9/]--:i* please return1 z ,i am go+
 to book x =     future ref]5ce4 ,i     
agree ) y t 8 swell$ head is     crack$4
      ,:at horrors6 ,"o c sc>cely       
believe t ! ,g]man1 z     y & ,i h kn[n 
him1 c\ld h assum$ su* brutal           
*>act]i/ics z we read (4 ,"h we are     
peaceful en\gh1     b ?irty "y m51      
includ+ ,tom ,huck1 h gone f our        
village ( #gjj s\ls4 ,n bad6      ,our  
crops are 9--hay poor2 oats ditto2 :eat 
fair4 ,pigs 9     pl5ty1 b no sale dur+ 
! summ]4 ,i f9d on tott+ up     t dur+  
t5 ye>s--"s v bad--( f>m+ my av]age loss
     has be5 #eh p] annum1 :i* ,i don't 

?9k is unsatisfactory1     z ,i get q t 
am\nt ( value--beyond m>ket price--9    
hav+ good food/uffs1 & !n pleasure 9 !  
processes &     int]e/ 9 ! v>y+         
conditions1 & 9 mak+ ?+s g 9     a bad  
situation = a f>m]4      ,! w> is n bad 
= ! only comm]cial und]tak+ ,i h     ev]
 be5 connect$ )1 = ! dem& = ,k1 or r    
,na,cy1     is great ow+ to !           
disappe>ance ( ! ,cont95tal supply1     
& ! ,c4 ,k4 ,co4 are increas+ !         
production to fill up !     void4       
,!n ,i am aga9 ,*airman ( ! ,li/]1 ow+  
to ,b decl9+     to h any?+ to d ) a    
proposal to jo9 ! ,national     ,m$ical 
,rese>* ,committee--:i* ! ,gov]n+ ,body 
sugge/1     & ! "q is to be settl$ 9    
,octob] by ! vote ( !     memb]s ( !    
,li/] ,in/itute4 ,s ,i am /ill awake1   
?\gh     lame & g\ty4      ,give my love
 to y\r wife1 & let me he> f y4'''      
,:at is ! "n ( ! lame organic *emi/ :o  
w5t f     ,heidelb]g to ! ,badis*e8     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,woodcote ,,lodge1                     

,febru>y #ai1 #aiae4      ''' ,!        
,gov]nm5t h be5 bamboozl$ by a want (   
sci5tific     acum5 at ! head--a n      
unusual occurr5ce *ez n\s4 ,?anks     = 
s5d+ me ! report4''' ,i am at la/       
d[n/airs1 & m     or less 9 my "r m9d z 
well4 ,s ,i feel bett]1 b ,i d     n    
suppose ,i %all be able to g up to t[n &
 mix ) !     gay _w1 z 0 my wont1 until 
! ,m>* w9ds are ov]4 ,a     *ill ) me   
means six weeks indoors1 if n some?+ m  
s]i\s4      ,:at ,i ne$ is to h "s      
sci5tific gossip let loose at     me1 b 
y 9 y\r s\!rn retirem5t are no use at   
all 9     t direction4 ,has y\r boat yet
 be5 requisition$ by !     ,admiralty1 &
 if s1 d y g out 9 *>ge1 hav+1 (        
c\rse1 previ\sly jo9$ ! ,navy8      ,we 
h "h receiv$ notice to be prep>$ to     
drive (f     some:]e or o!r all our liv+
 animals1 horses1 c[s1     calves1 pigs1
 & f[ls6 ,i sc>cely "k :]e ,i come 94   
,also     ,i believe we are to de/roy   
all our crops1 ga!r$ or n               
ga!r$--hay1 potatoes1 corn1 & g>d5      

vegetables--s t !     ,hun may be an    
hungr$6 ,also ,i propose to empty my    
l>ge cell>     ( w9e ei!r d[n ! dra9 or 
into ! duck-pond1 l ,sir     ,wilfrid   
,lawson4      ,i await ) anxiety !      
result ( ! ,royal ,society     election4
 ,if ,i 7 a bett+ man ,i %\ld back ,g & 
,m1     & p]haps my ,r ought to come 9  
#ae?4 ,:at ab\t ! #ajd     necess>ily   
reject$ c&idates6 ,is x n absurd6       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,woodcote ,,lodge1                     
,septemb] #ba1 #aiae4      ''' ,my old  
fri5d ,pattisson1 our ,treasur] at !    
,li/]1 is     dead1 & mo/ ( our m5 h    
jo9$ ! w> 9 "o or     o!r capacity4 ,s  
mu* lies on my %\ld]s1 & ?\gh     pretty
 broad1 !y are old1 & ,i feel !         
responsibility (     *airman%ip4  ,he   
att5d$ ! meet+ ( ! ,li/] ,in/itute :i*  
has be5 ref]r$ to 9 "o ( 8 previ\s      
lett]s4 ,! result disappo9t$ him1 b z x 
0 n :olly unexpect$1 x b slightly1 if at
 all1 di/urb$ 8 usual philosophic calm4 
,! dea? ( 8 fri5d ,rck]1 ! fir/         

,pr9cipal ( ! ,london ,univ]sity1 a man 
:om he greatly respect$ & admir$1 :i*   
occurr$ on ,novemb] #a/1 0 a f> m s]i\s 
bl[1 & affect$ him greatly4  ,he _h     
retir$ to re/ at 8 cu/om>y h\r1 9 8     
usual s]5e & happy condition ( m9d &    
heal?1 aft] sp5d+ a c\ple ( h\rs 9 8    
daught]'s society 9 ! draw+-room read+  
or amus+ himself1 z 0 8 wont1 on !      
pianola ) "o ( ,bee?ov5's sonatas or "s 
o!r classical piece4 ,he _h be5 ?9k+ ( 8
 approa*+ bir?day1 & _h sugge/$ a little
 ga!r+ ( a *os5 few ( 8 old /ud5ts :om  
he knew w\ld be glad to celebrate x )   
him4 ,b ?is 0 n to be4 ,diis alit]      
visum4 ,%ortly aft] daybreak on ! morn+ 
( ,decemb] #ah1 #aiae1 he 0 seiz$ ) an  
attack ( ang9a pectoris1 & pass$ away ) 
sc>cely a /ruggle4 ,)      ,no cold     
gradations ( decay1     ,dea? broke at  
once ! vital *a91     ,& fre$ 8 s\l !   
ne>e/ way4  ,:at 0 mortal ( him 0 laid  
to re/ 9 ,brookwood ,cemet]y 9 ! grave  
:i* held ! *]i%$ p>tn] ( 8 life4        
,,footnotes   #a      ,johnnie ,c>negie 

lais he]1       ,desc5dit ( ,adam &     
,eve2     ,gif ony con gang hieh]1      
,ise will+ give him leve4  #b 8,"s      
,*emical ,facts ,respect+ ! ,atmosph]e (
 ,dwell+-h\ses40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4   
,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4 ,x4 7#aheh71 pp4      
#bea-bfh4  #c 8,! ,ow5s ,college3 its   
,f\ndation & ,gr[?40 ,by ,joseph        
,?ompson4 ,man*e/]3 ,j4 ,e4 ,corni%4  #d
 8,note on ! ,spontane\s ,polym]isation 
( ,volatile ,hydroc>bons at ! ,ord9>y   
,atmosph]ic ,temp]ature40 ,by ,h4 ,e4   
,roscoe4 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,trans4 ,,xlvii4   
7#ahhe71 pp4 #ffi-fga4  #e              
8,photo*emical ,rese>*es40 ,by ,r4 ,w4  
,buns5 & ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe3  ,"p ,i4      
,measurem5t ( ! *emical action ( light4 
7,phil4 ,trans4 7#aheg71 pp4 #cee-chj47 
,"p ,,ii4 ,ph5om5a ( photo*emical       
induction4 7,phil4 ,trans4 7#aheg71 pp4 
#cha-djb47  ,"p ,,iii4 ,optical &       
*emical ext9ction ( ! *emical rays4     
7,phil4 ,trans4 7#aheg71 pp4 #fja-fbj47 
,"p ,,iv4 ,comp>ative & absolute        
measurem5t ( ! *emical rays4 ,*emical   

action ( diffuse daylight4 ,*emical     
action ( direct sunlight4 ,photo*emical 
action ( ! sun comp>$ ) t ( a t]re/rial 
s\rce ( light4 ,*emical action ( !      
con/itu5t p>ts ( sol> light4 7,phil4    
,trans4 7#ahei71 pp4 #hgi-ibf47  ,"p ,v4
 ,on ! direct measurem5t ( ! *emical    
action ( sunlight4 7,phil4 ,trans4      
7#ahfc71 pp4 #aci-afj47  #f 8,on !      
,measurem5t ( ! ,*emical ,brightness (  
,v>i\s ,portions ( ! ,sun's ,disk40 ,by 
,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,proc4     
,,xii4 7#ahfb71 pp4 #fdh-fej4  #g 8,on a
 ,me?od ( ,meteorological ,regi/ration (
 ! ,*emical ,action ( ,total ,daylight40
 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,phil4 ,trans4    
,,clv4 7#ahfe71 pp4 #fje-fcb4  #h 8,note
 on ! ,relative ,*emical ,int5sities (  
,direct ,sunlight & ,diffuse ,daylight  
at ,diff]5t ,altitudes ( ! ,sun40 ,by   
,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe & ,j4 ,bax5dell4 ,roy4  
,soc4 ,proc4 ,,xv4 7#ahfg71 pp4 #bj-bd4 
#i 8,on ! ,*emical ,int5sity ( ,total   
,daylight at ,kew & ,p>1 #ahfe-ahfg40   
,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,phil4 ,trans4     

,,clvii4 7#ahfg71 pp4 #eee-egj4  #aj    
8,on ! ,relation betwe5 ! ,sun's        
,altitude & ! ,*emical ,int5sity (      
,total ,daylight 9 a ,cl\dless ,sky40   
,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe & ,t4 ,e4 ,?orpe4   
,phil4 ,trans4 ,,clx4 7#ahgj71 pp4      
#bji-caf4  #aa 8,on a ,self-record+     
,me?od ( ,measur+ ! ,int5sity ( !       
,*emical ,action ( ,total ,daylight40   
,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,proc4 
,,xxii4 7#ahgd71 pp4 #aeh-aei4  #ab 8,on
 ! ,absorption ( ,hydro*loric ,acid &   
,ammonia 9 ,wat]40 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4    
,,xii4 7#ahfj71 pp4 #abh-aea4  #ac 8,on 
! ,composition ( ! ,aque\s ,acids (     
,con/ant ,boil+-po9t40 ,by ,h4 ,e4      
,roscoe4 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4 ,,xiii4      
7#ahfa71 pp4 #adf-afd2 ,,xv4 7#ahfb71   
pp4 #bac-baf4  #ad 8,on ,p]*loric ,acid 
& its ,hydrates40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4  
,roy4 ,soc4 ,proc4 ,,ii4 7#ahfa71 pp4   
#dic-ejc4  #ae 8,note on ,p]*loric      
,e!r40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,*em4 ,soc4 
,j\r4 ,,xv4 7#ahfb71 pp4 #bac-baf4  #af 
8,on ! ,isomorphism ( ,?allium          

,p]*lorate ) ! ,potassium & ,ammonium   
,p]*lorates40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,*em4
 ,soc4 ,j\r4 ,,iv4 7#ahff71 pp4         
#ejd-eje4  #ag 8,rese>*es on ,vanadium40
 ,"p ,i4 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,phil4    
,trans4 ,,clviii4 7#ahfh71 pp4 #a-bh4   
#ah 8,rese>*es on ,vanadium40 ,"p ,,ii4 
,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,phil4 ,trans4     
,,clix4 7#ahfi71 pp4 #fgi-fib4  #ai     
8,rese>*es on ,vanadium40 ,"p ,,iii4 ,by
 ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,phil4 ,trans4 ,,clx4 
7#ahgj71 pp4 #cag-ccb4  #bj 8,on ,two   
,new ,vanadium ,m9]als40 ,by ,h4 ,e4    
,roscoe4 ,roy4 ,soc4 ,proc4 ,,xxv4      
7#ahgg71 pp4 #aji-aab4  #ba 8,a ,/udy ( 
,c]ta9 ,tung/5 ,comp\nds40 ,by ,h4 ,e4  
,roscoe4 ,man*e/] ,lit4 ,phil4 ,soc4    
,proc4 ,,xi4 7#ahgb71 pp4 #gi-ij4  #bb  
8,on a ,new ,*loride ( ,uranium40 ,by   
,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4      
,,xii4 7#ahgd71 pp4 #icc-ice4  #bc      
8,note on ! ,specific ,gravity ( !      
,vap\rs ( ! ,*lorides ( ,?allium &      
,lead40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe4 ,roy4 ,soc4
 ,proc4 ,,xxvii4 7#ahgh71 pp4 #dbf-dbh4 

#bd 8,a ,/udy ( ,"s ( ! ,e>?-metals     
conta9$ 9 ,sam>skite40 ,by ,h4 ,e4      
,roscoe4 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4 ,,xli4       
7#ahhb71 pp4 #bgg-bhb4  #be 8,!         
,spectrum ( ,t]bium40 ,by ,h4 ,e4       
,roscoe & ,a4 ,s*u/]4 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,j\r4 
,,xli4 7#ahhb71 pp4 #bhc-bhg4  #bf 8,on 
! ,measurem5t ( ! ,*emical ,int5sity (  
,total ,daylight made at ,catania dur+ !
 ,sol> ,eclipse ( ,decemb] #bb1 #ahgj40 
,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe & ,t4 ,e4 ,?orpe4   
,phil4 ,trans4 ,,clxi4 7#ahga71 pp4     
#dfg-dgf4  #bg ,?is qu]y ref]s to !     
circum/ance t at ! "t ,lady ,roscoe 0   
gr[+ ,dictamnus ,frax9ella--! s-call$   
8burn+ bu%0--= ! writ]1 :o _h und]tak5  
to inve/igate ! cause ( ! ph5om5on :i*  
has giv5 ! plant its trivial "n4 ,!     
ready inflammability 0 f\nd to be due to
 ! accumulation 9 ! vesicles on !       
fl[]-/ems ( small quantities ( an       
ess5tial oil4  #bh 8,on ,s*tz5b]g]'s    
,process = ! ,e/imation ( ,dissolv$     
,oxyg5 9 ,wat]40 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,roscoe &  
,joseph ,lunt4 ,*em4 ,soc4 ,trans4      

7#ahhi71 ,,lv4 #eeb4  #bi               
8,contributions to ! ,*emical           
,bact]iology ( ,sewage40 ,by ,h4 ,e4    
,roscoe & ,joseph ,lunt4 ,phil4 ,trans4 
7#ahia71 ,,clxxxii4 pp4 #fcc-ffd4  #cj  
,x has ?r[n upw>ds ( five millions4  #ca
 ,anglice3 8,fair1 hone/1 /raight=w>d1  
upright1 g5u9e1 squ>e40 ,wright's       
8,engli% ,dialect ,diction>y40 ,cf4     
,nodal & ,miln]'s 8,lanca%ire ,gloss>y40
     ,,index     ,absorption (          
hydro*loric acid & ammonia 9 wat]1 #aba 
,agassiz1 ,l\is1 #aaf    ,alais         
meteorite1 #acb    ,all]ton ,hall1 #f   
,ars5ic-eat+ 9 ,/yria1 #acb    ,atomic  
weights1 ,dalton's fir/ table (1 #acb   
,ba9es1 ,sir ,edw>d1 #fa1 #gc           
,bak]ian ,lectures1 #aad    ,balma91    
,william ,h41 #ag    ,b>nes1 ,rev4 ,dr41
 #cf    ,bax5dell1 ,joseph1 #aad        
,bessem] process1 application (         
spectroscope to1 #acc    ,brhl1         
,pr(essor1 #adj    ,bryce1 ,"l1 #dc     
,buns51 ,r4 ,w41 8 *>act]i/ics1 #bd1 #bf
    ,burn+ bu%1 #aeg     ,c>bon dioxide 

9 sea air1 #aae    ,c>negie1 ,mr4 ,&rew1
 #aji    ,c>negie ,s*ol>%ips &          
,fell[%ips1 #afi    ,cav5di%1 ,"l       
,fr$]ick1 #ee1 #eg1 #fa1 #ha    ,*emical
 action ( light1 #aaj    8,*emi/ry      
,prim]10 #aci    ,*orley1 ,h5ry1 8      
appreciation ( ,h5ry ,roscoe1 #ad       
,cl>ke1 ,william1 #d1 #f    ,clo?work]s'
 ,company ( ,london1 #eg1 #ge1 #hh      
,colonna1 ,vittoria1 h] life1 by ,m>ia  
,roscoe1 #af    ,columbium tri*loride1  
#aha    ,conv]sation ,club1 ,le$s1 #ee  
,crompton1 ,mr4 ,ju/ice1 #bj     ,d>w91 
,sir ,george1 #acf    ,d>w91 ,horace1   
#aba    ,debus1 ,dr4 ,he9ri*1 #adb      
,delafonta9e1 ,philippe1 #aca           
,deuts*e ,revue1 #agi    ,devon%ire1    
,duke (1 #dd1 #fa1 #ha1 #hb    ,dittm>1 
,wilhelm1 #bg-ce1 #aba    ,drap] 7( ,new
 ,york71 #aaj     ,eclipse exp$ition to 
,sicily1 #acd    ,enfield1 ,dr4         
,william1 #ae    ,e?yl p]*lorate1 #abb  
,eton ,college1 #afe     ,fairbairn1    
,sir ,&rew1 #ee    ,fairfax1 ,h5ry1 #df 
,fairfax1 ,"l1 #df    ,faulkn]1 ,george1

 #bi    ,fir? ,college1 ,%effield1 #afg 
,=/]1 ,w4 ,e41 #fa1 #ff1 #hb            
,frankl&1 ,sir ,edw>d1 #abh     ,g]many 
& ,engl&1 #ahj    ,gibson1 ,john1       
sculptor1 #f    ,goldsmid1 ,sir ,julian1
 #afb    ,gott1 ,rev4 ,dr41 ,bi%op (    
,truro1 #gc    ,graham1 ,?omas1 8       
*>act]i/ics z a lectur]1 #ai    ,gre51  
,pr(4 ,a4 ,h41 #ei    ,gre5wood1        
,pr9cipal1 #cd1 #dd1 #dh1 #ej           
,gu?rie1 ,dr4 ,fr$]ick1 #ce     ,h>d51  
,dr41 #cf1 #ada1 #ahi    ,heaton1 ,dr4  
,j4 ,d41 #ee1 #eg1 #hc1 #hf    ,h$dle1  
,pr(essor 7( ,/4 ,&rews71 #abf1 #abg    
,heywood1 ,james1 ,f4,r4,s41 #dg        
,heywood1 ,joseph1 #aja1 #abf     ,irv+1
 ,wa%+ton1 8 appreciation ( ,william    
,roscoe1 #ab     ,jevons1 ,/anley1 #bj  
8,john ,dalton & ! ,rise ( ,mod]n       
,*emi/ry10 #ada    ,jones1 ,h4 ,l41 8   
plan = ,univ]sity ( ,man*e/]1 #dg       
,j\le1 ,james ,p41 #cg     ,lead &      
?allium *lorides1 vap\r d5sities (1 #aca
    ,le$s ,educational ,c\ncil1 #ee     
8,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry10 #ach   

,li/] ,in/itute ( ,prev5tive ,m$ic9e1   
#aga    ,live+1 ,dr41 fir/ laboratory 9 
,cambridge1 #bc    ,lunt1 ,dr4 ,joseph1 
#aci1 #aeh    ,lupton1 ,francis1 #ge    
,m',cre]y1 ,john1 #f    ,man*e/]        
,univ]sity1 e>ly attempts to f\nd1 #de  
,m>%all1 ,pr(4 ,john1 8 appo9tm5t to !  
,york%ire ,college1 #gd    ,miall1 ,pr(4
 ,l\is ,c41 8 appo9tm5t to ,york%ire    
,college1 #db    ,morley1 ,visc\nt1 (   
,blackburn1 #aji     8,new ,view (      
,dalton's ,atomic ,!ory10 #ada          
,nussey1 ,ar?ur1 plan = a ,te*nical     
,in/itution = ,le$s1 #ed    ,nussey1    
,george ,h5ry1 8 plan = a ,te*nical     
,in/itution = ,le$s &       ,di/rict1   
#ed    ,nussey1 ,?omas1 #ec     ,ow5s   
,college1 its orig91 #bh2     its       
f\ndation1 #cj2     its fir/ pr(essors1 
#ca2     its location1 #ca2     its     
gr[?1 #cb2     its ext5sion1 #da2       
new con/itution1 #db2     its fir/      
attempt to include wom51 #dc2           
erection ( new build+s1 #dd2     new    
*emical laboratories1 #dd    ,ow5s1     

,john1 #bh1 #bi    ,ow5s1 ,ow51 #bh     
,pankhur/1 ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,m>sd51 #ia      
,p]*loric acid & its hydrates1 #abb     
8,philippium10 #aca    ,photo*emical    
induction1 #aaa    ,photometric         
obs]vations at ,p>1 #aae2     ne>       
,lisbon1 #abj    ,playfair1 ,"l1 #fb2   
8 address on te*nical education1 #fc1 et
 seq4    ,pull+1 ,pr(4 ,f4 ,s41 8       
appo9tm5t to ! ,york%ire ,college1 #gd  
,re=m ,bills1 #ahca-ahcb1 draft$ by     
,h5ry ,roscoe1 #ac    ,reid1 ,sir       
,wemyss1 8 support ( ! ,york%ire        
,college1 #fh1 #ada    ,ripon1 ,"l1 #fa1
 #ff1 #hj1 #hb    ,roscoe1 ,h5ry1 8     
bir?1 #ab2     8 *>act]i/ics1 #ab2      
becomes a b>ri/]1 #ac2     8 legal      
works1 #ac2     drafts ,re=m ,bills (   
#ahca-ahcb2 8 8,life ( ,william         
,roscoe10 #ac2     m>ri$ ,m>ia ,flet*]1 
#ae2     becomes ,judge ( ! ,c\rt (     
,passage1 #ad2     8 dea?1 #ad2         
appreciation ( him by ,h5ry ,*orley1 #ad
    ,roscoe1 ,h5ry ,enfield1 8 bir?1    
#af2     8 education1 #ag2     receives 

8 fir/ lessons 9 *emi/ry f ,william ,h4 
,balma91 #ag2     ent]s ,univ]sity      
,college1 ,london1 #ah2     connection )
 ,?omas ,graham1 #ai2     elects to     
foll[ *emi/ry z a c>e]1 #bj2     ent]s  
,birkbeck ,laboratory1 #ba2     8       
appreciation ( ,williamson1 #ba2        
becomes ,williamson's assi/ant1 #ba2    
is (f]$ an assay]%ip 9 ! ,sydney ,m9t1  
#bb2     takes 8 degree 9 ! ,univ]sity (
 ,london1 #bb2     goes to ,buns5 at    
,heidelb]g1 #bc2     9 ,heidelb]g1 #be2 
8 fir/ publi%$ pap]1 #be2     makes 8   
doctor exam9ation1 #be2     memorial    
lecture on ,buns51 #be-bf2     /udies   
,g]man ,univ]sity sy/em1 #bf2           
returns to ,london1 #bg2     is appo9t$ 
to ,ow5s ,college1 #bg2     8 "w at     
,ow5s1 #cd2     8 "p 9 %ap+ ! curriculum
 ( ! new ,univ]sity1 #ch2     is elect$ 
,*airman ( ,convocation1 #ij2     z a   
tea*]1 #ig2     is (f]$ lecture%ip at   
,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital1 #ig2        
,*air at ,ox=d1 #ih2     8 me?od ( work+
 ! ,*emical ,dep>tm5t at ,ow5s1 #ih2    

8 *>act]i/ics z a lectur]1 #aja2     8  
portraits by ,burgess & ,h]kom]1 #ajc2  
address by /ud5ts1 #ajc2     z an       
inve/igator1 #aaj2     gives 8 fir/     
,bak]ian ,lecture1 #aad2     /udies !   
absorption ( hydro*loric acid & ammonia 
9 wat]1 #aba2     p]*loric acid & its   
hydrates1 #abb2     vanadium & its      
comp\nds1 #abc2     gives 8 second      
,bak]ian ,lecture1 #abh2     /udies     
tung/5 comp\nds1 #acj2     discov]s     
uranium p5ta*loride1 #acj2     discov]s 
columbium tri*loride1 #aca2     det]m9es
 vap\r d5sities ( *lorides ( lead &     
?allium1 #aca2     disproves exi/5ce (  
8philippium10 #aca2     maps sp>k       
spectrum ( t]bium1 #aca2     r$et]m9es !
 atomic weight ( c>bon1 #aca2           
lectures on spectrum analysis1 #acb2    
pap]s on spectrum analysis1 #acd2       
,sicilian eclipse exp$ition1 #acd2      
wreck ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,psy*e1 #ace2         
8,lessons 9 ,elem5t>y ,*emi/ry10 #ach2  
8,*emi/ry ,prim]10 #aci2     8,treatise 
on ,*emi/ry10 #aci2     8,john ,dalton &

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