,a ,,book of ,,distinctive ,,interiors ,,edited ,,by ,,william ,a4 ,,vollmer ,illustration ,,new ,,york ,mc,b,r,i,d,e1 ,,nast ,,company #aiab ,,copyright1 #aiaj1 #aiaa1 #aiab1 ,,by ,mc,b,r,i,d,e1 ,,nast ,,company ,published ,november1 #aiab ,contents ,,page ,,planning ,,the ,,living-,,room #e ,by ,a4 ,raymond ,ellis ,,designing ,,the ,,dining-,,room #dg ,by ,a4 ,raymond ,ellis ,,decorating ,,and ,,furnishing ,,the ,,bedroom #fi ,by ,margaret ,greenleaf ,,the ,,problem ,,of ,,the ,,bathroom #hg ,by ,a4 ,raymond ,ellis ,,the ,,proper ,,treatment ,,for ,,the ,,nursery #ii ,by ,sarah ,leyburn ,coe ,,characteristic ,,halls ,,and ,,stairway ,,types #ajh ,,planning ,,the ,,kitchen #aaf ,by ,james ,earle ,miller ,illustration3 ,pleasing decorative effects may be obtained by bringing out the natural graining of the woodwork4 ,chestnut and cypress are particularly suitable for this as they may be stained and wax finished1 or stained and rubbed down to produce this effect4 ,this fireplace was built with outside bricks selected for their color4 ,there is a mottling of purple and bluish tones among the reds that harmonizes strikingly with the ,oriental rug before it ,illustration ,planning the ,living-room ,illustration3 ,a lounge before the fireplace becomes more useful if a table bearing a lamp is placed behind it4 ,cypress is reasonable for interior trim1 costing from sixty to sixty-eight dollars a thousand feet ,after the method of modern planning1 the living-room is treated as the principal room in the house4 ,i do not mean to say that this room should be overdone1 or given undue prominence to the exclusion of the other rooms1 but it is essential that this room be treated differently from the old-fashioned way we formerly treated our living-rooms1 then generally a front and back parlor4 ,these two rooms have now been superseded by one large room1 as our mode of living and entertaining makes it more desirable than the two small1 stuffy rooms1 then used only occasionally4 ,to-day we plan to give pleasure and comfort to the family1 rather than the occasional guest4 ,illustration3 ,the drawing of the suggested room arrangement shows the fireplace and the ,french doors leading to the piazza4 ,above the ivory tinted wainscoting the background paper is of a putty color and panels are filled with a striped and foliated fabric held in place by a molding strip ,the ground plan of the room shows a good arrangement of rugs and furniture in order that advantage may be taken of the fireplace and the various lights4 ,conversation may be carried on with ease and comfort and the room used for various purposes conveniently ,illustration3 ,this reception room has chiefly ,louis ,,xvi furniture1 which appears well with the light gray and white woodwork designed after the ,adam style ,there are probably two or three dozen ways that the living-room can be planned and decorated and at the same time be comfortable and attractive4 ,i have chosen to illustrate this with a type of living-room that adapts itself to almost any house and offers the greatest amount of free space when the room is properly furnished4 ,the room is #ae ft4 #bi ft4 #f in41 with a ceiling height of #i feet1 these dimensions giving a well-proportioned room4 ,the fireplace is in the center of the west wall1 flanked on each side by two ,french doors which open out on a piazza4 ,at each end of the room are two windows1 balancing one another4 ,on the east wall a wide opening with ,french doors permits access to the main hall4 ,the most prominent feature of the room is the fireplace1 which is accentuated and made a natural center4 ,this is an important consideration when planning a natural grouping of the family or its guests4 ,illustration3 ,such architectural features as beamed ceilings should only be used in rooms of pretentious size4 ,a good example of ,caen stone fireplace is found here ,the treatment of the room is ,colonial4 ,a low wainscot1 #b ft4 #f in4 high1 comprising a base1 panel1 and cap1 is carried around the room4 ,the ceiling is beamed with four substantial beams and a half beam to form a cornice around the room at the junction of the wall and ceiling4 ,over the heads of the doors and windows there is a wide wooden frieze with a cap which ties them1 one might say1 to the bottom of the cornice1 and makes them more completely an integral part of the woodwork4 ,the window stools form a part of the wainscot cap4 ,illustration3 ,a summer living-room that achieves a brilliant note through white woodwork and figured hangings with upholstery to match ,the finish of the room is white wood1 given four coats of lead and oil paint1 with a fifth coat of white enamel1 rubbed down1 and a sixth and final finishing coat of enamel of an ivory shade that dries out with a very dull satin-like luster that is very durable and not easily marred4 ,above the wainscot the walls are covered with a heavy background paper having a body color almost of a putty shade1 enlivened in certain lights with a pinkish caste4 ,this is accented by the panels1 between the windows and doors1 of a delicately hued fabric with a foliated striped design4 ,a flat molding covers the edge of the fabric and forms the panel4 ,in order to balance these and add character to the room1 the draperies at the windows and doors are of soft blue velour1 without which the scheme would be lifeless and flat4 ,the facing of the fireplace is of ,sienna marble surmounted with a simple mantel1 consisting merely of a heavy classical architrave1 with a shelf above and a large plate glass mirror over it4 ,one must not lose sight of the fact that the colors of this room1 while light and delicate1 are all very rich and warm1 due to the predominating ivory color of the woodwork1 enlivened and strengthened by the richer and heavier color used in the panels and curtains4 ,illustration3 ,some would consider it bold to combine white walls and white woodwork in the living-room4 ,the rug1 pictures and furniture covering1 however1 are chosen with an eye to bright colors ,the ceiling is sand-finished and tinted to match the walls4 ,the floor is of quartered oak1 filled and given two coats of a finish which produces a durable even surface with a dull luster that is not so slippery as a waxed floor4 ,the disposition of the rugs over this floor is a matter of personal taste and the amount one can afford for rugs4 ,the rugs should be ,oriental and of light uniform coloring4 ,the plans show probably the most economical way of covering the floor--using one large rug as a center and filling with smaller rugs4 ,one large rug might be obtained that would extend from the piano to the pier glass1 but it would have to be an odd shape or specially made4 ,two large rugs might be used1 one in each end of the room1 with a small rug to fill in before the fireplace4 ,the approximate positions and proper design for the various pieces of furniture used in the room are indicated4 ,in order to obtain the real benefit of the fireplace1 it is necessary to have a broad comfortable sofa or an upholstered mahogany seat in front of it4 ,in back of this should be a small mahogany table on which an ornamental lamp may stand4 ,on each side of the table can be drawn up large comfortable chairs4 ,this arrangement permits the light of the lamp to fall in the correct position for anyone wishing to read in the chairs or on the seat in front of the fireplace4 ,at one side of the fireplace a large wing-chair would be well placed4 ,the bookcases would1 of course1 be unnecessary if there were a library in the house1 but where the living-room is to answer the general purposes of the family1 the book-shelves would be found very useful1 and could be movable or built in as part of the finish4 ,between the northern windows a fine position is obtained for the piano1 on the right of which is a good place for a davenport4 ,illustration3 ,where a living-room is long1 various parts of it may be devoted to different uses1 one end being a library and the other a sitting-room for instance1 with a corner for deskwork ,the disposition of the minor pieces of furniture need not be mentioned1 except the fact that a pier glass at the opposite end of the room1 between the two southern windows is a very decorative treatment1 and that the corner at the left affords a place for a tea table or a ,colonial pie-crust table4 ,illustration3 ,the low hanging center light is rapidly being superseded by individual fixtures about the room or hung from chains4 ,the three-quarter paneling here is attractive when combined with some conventionalized frieze design ,in addition the electric lights are provided with switches1 and in the baseboard around the room are two plugs for attaching portable table lamps4 ,there must also be a bell registering its signal on an annunciator in the kitchen1--one ring for a maid--two rings for tea1 or as the housewife may arrange4 ,the cost of the furniture used in this room1 covered in cotton1 made from the architect's drawings1 would be as follows3 #ahth century sofa1 rolled ends1 #ij2 and it requires #c-a_/f yards of #ej-;inch goods to cover it4 ,low-boy with drawers1 #ij--size #b ft4 #f in4 #d ft4 #f in4 ,tip-top tea table1 #ch in4 in diameter1 #fj4 ,martha ,washington wing-chair1 #ed1 in cotton2 requires #e yards of #ej-;inch goods to cover4 ,martha ,washington armchair1 #dj1 in cotton2 requires #b yards of #ej-;inch goods to cover4 ,the crown ladder-back side chairs would cost about #ce each in cotton1 and the armchair to match1 #dj4 ,illustration3 ,as a general color rule for decoration1 red should be used for north rooms and blue for east and west rooms2 the warmer tones in living-rooms than in bedrooms4 ,this shows a good use of scrim curtains with a gathered valance ,the beamed ceiling1 door and window casings1 mantel and wainscot in the room would cost about #dej4 ,if the wainscot were omitted about #ge would be saved--the mantel and marble facing cost about #ajj separately4 ,a4 ,,raymond ,,ellis ,illustration3 ,the use of a single large rug as the basis for the floor covering is often very satisfactory4 ,this house shows an interesting treatment with a molding that acts as cornice ,illustration3 ,there is something in the restraint shown in the fireplace of ,indiana limestone with no mantel shelf that overdecoration could never have obtained4 ,an interesting feature is the use of candle sconces as an auxiliary to the electric lighting ,illustration3 ,heavy woodwork requires the use of heavy1 substantial furniture4 ,in this room1 where the appearance of craftsmanship is prevalent1 such furniture is very suitable ,illustration3 ,a very unpretentious room1 but one in good taste4 ,the furniture has all been planned for a distinct location and has been built in to it ,illustration3 ,a large living-room demands some such architectural treatment as these pillars4 ,the usual mistake is on the side of overdecoration4 ,here1 however1 a decided simplicity is employed1 leaving the flanking windows in small bays ,illustration3 ,oftentimes four beams only are used for the ceiling2 two as a cornice and two framing in the chimney-piece ,illustration3 ,a consideration of modern house decoration is to provide comfort for all members4 ,a small den off the living-room affords privacy when others occupy the living-room ,illustration3 ,in a ,california bungalow there is an interesting decorative combination where old heirlooms of furniture from the ,eastern ancestors of the family are carefully preserved and ,navajo rugs are used as a floor covering4 ,these rugs and the ,indian baskets are chosen of a color that will not clash with the polished mahogany ,illustration3 ,another corner of the bungalow living-room on page #ah shows a good type of secretary4 ,the ,navajo rugs seem to add a tone of vigor that is not found in the rag rugs generally used in this connection ,illustration3 ,a living-room given a ,manorial treatment with the use of ,gothic arches4 ,it is carefully treated1 even to the rug1 which is rectangular in pattern somewhat like the ceiling beams4 ,although this is in a great house1 there is no reason why smaller houses might not be furnished with equal consistency ,illustration3 ,two living-rooms in an old ,connecticut ,colonial house that are decorated with furniture in use during ,revolutionary times4 ,these flowered papers were considered very rich then and have colors well chosen as a background for the dark mahogany furniture ,illustration3 ,an antique stone fireplace forms the keynote for this room and gives the suggestion for large commodious chairs and lounges4 ,the table and chair in the foreground show ,jacobean influences ,illustration3 ,there is surely a decorative quality in bookcases that is heightened by the color of books when arranged properly4 ,perhaps the results might have been better had all the bookcases been built the same height entirely around the room4 ,the furniture here is of a type that is particularly comfortable and wears well ,illustration3 ,a living-room decorated along ,colonial lines1 where the fireplace of red brick with wide white mortar joints is particularly effective4 ,french doors open onto a veranda that is used as a living-room annex4 ,the mantel is a reproduction of an old one ,illustration3 ,a charming1 little ,colonial room is decorated entirely in white woodwork with a baseboard4 ,the prim pattern of the flowered wallpaper is quite appropriate4 ,the only modern furniture appearing is the wicker chair1 but it lends no jarring note ,illustration3 ,this room with its heavy settles and rag rugs1 its ornaments and pictures1 is furnished with nothing but objects from ,colonial times4 ,the floor with its original wide boards is stained a dark color and much of it left bare ,illustration3 ,this room shows the possibility of combining various sorts of furniture4 ,wicker and willow are suitable for the living-room when used with furniture of an informal type4 ,above the fireplace is a plaster reproduction of a section of the ,parthenon frieze that is well placed ,illustration3 ,the architects of the ,west are achieving distinction in the creation of a particular style4 ,this interior is characteristic of their work4 ,horizontal lines are emphasized and colored brickwork enters as a part of the decoration ,illustration3 ,a bay with three connecting windows of this sort may be curtained as a unit4 ,there is but one valance for the three windows and light silk curtains are used to match the grass cloth of the walls ,illustration3 ,living-rooms need not always be indoors4 ,in this home a glazed in piazza makes it possible to enjoy the early days of spring and late fall when the weather is too uncomfortable to remain out-of-doors4 ,the porch is furnished with all the conveniences that may be found in an indoor living-room and has connections for reading lights and other lamps4 ,the furniture is of grass cloth1 willow and wicker1 and there are rugs covering the entire floorspace ,illustration3 ,much of the ,colonial carving was extremely simple4 ,here added decorative detail appears in the old-fashioned fireback of modeled iron4 ,the covering of the old rosewood furniture is quite in harmony with the wallpaper ,illustration3 ,an exemplification of the use of deep colors in the living-room treatment is here shown4 ,a restful green makes a good background for large and variously formed pieces ,illustration3 ,this studio living-room is a successful exponent of the same principle of color harmony shown in the previous illustration4 ,a heterogeneous collection of various styles of furniture is rendered harmonious by the use of kindred tones of browns1 tans and dull reds ,illustration3 ,built-in furniture is not limited to seats and cupboards4 ,this desk is carpenter built1 and although quite inexpensive fits more exactly than many products that could be purchased4 ,the bookcases encircling the room are made part of the desk ,illustration3 ,the living-room of two stories and with mezzanine floor is receiving more and more favor for its spacious effect4 ,the simple woodwork in this room is well chosen and there is a good suggestion in the lighting fixtures ,illustration3 ,the cream colored walls and woodwork in this ,english drawing-room make an especially fine background for mahogany furniture4 ,this fireplace nook is a good example of modern ,english work ,illustration3 ,english architects consider that woodwork may be decorative in itself1 and finish it so that its natural colors take the place of wall paper4 ,the walls are of unfinished plaster ,illustration3 ,some straight lines might be introduced by different curtains and by doing away with the fussy table-covers and frilled lounge pillow4 ,the mantel is particularly good ,dutch ,colonial but is too much cluttered with bric--brac ,illustration3 ,every house builder should consider that the downstairs living-room may not always be occupied by the entire family at one time4 ,the upstairs sitting-room provides privacy on all occasions4 ,the mantel treatment here is interesting ,illustration3 ,the living-room in the same house is rendered distinctive by a large inglenook4 ,it is finished in rough plaster and colored in a light tan ,illustration3 ,green and white is a scheme for this summer living-room4 ,white wicker chairs are combined with green willow ones and the green design of the wall paper is echoed in the green rug with a white pattern ,illustration3 ,even the most modest bungalow may have personality4 ,the match board wall is finished with a light stain that shows the grain4 ,india prints with their bold colors and striking designs are used for curtains1 table and couch covers and for the pillows ,illustration3 ,the inside curtains in this living-room are of figured ,madras4 ,although they fade1 their price is reasonable enough to permit reduplication every few years with small expense ,illustration3 ,a more formal room is this with its intricate mahogany paneling4 ,the ceiling has an architectural cornice1 below which the wall is decorated with a velour in proper coloring ,illustration3 ,there is a growing desire to build living-rooms that open into the light and air4 ,this is as completely furnished as any other room in the house1 but is given a dark stained lattice background as suitable for plants ,illustration3 ,an informal living-room1 where the plaster walls are divided by vertical strips run from a wide molding to the baseboard4 ,this is a cheap1 and if properly handled1 effective substitute for paneling ,illustration3 ,a living-room that was designed to take advantage of the view in many directions from a high situation4 ,a large rug with harmonious colors occupies the center of the floor space ,illustration3 ,dutch house builders make a feature of the window nook and most of the light is directed toward one part of the room4 ,matting of an ivory color has been selected as a floor covering ,illustration3 ,an ,english mantel treatment that is worth copying is shown here4 ,a single-color carpet is used and the brilliant chintzes lend the completing note of cheerfulness ,illustration3 ,in contrast is this room where deeper tones are emphasized in rugs and wall treatment and it is desired to produce a more serious effect ,illustration3 ,another example of the two-story living-room is here shown in more elaborate style where the precedent was the ,manorial hall of ,england4 ,tapestries and heavy wall papers are used and the chandeliers are large and elaborate ,illustration3 ,this sun room is an integral part of the house and is fitted with casement windows1 but is by no means a porch4 ,the fireplace renders it a comfortable place in the most severe weather ,illustration3 ,furniture covering and draperies here are of a large figured ,english chintz4 ,as the ceiling was low1 a green paper with a perpendicular stripe was used for heightening effect ,illustration3 ,the chief feature of this room is the doorway with its fine fan light4 ,the chairs in the foreground are of ,heppelwhite design ,illustration3 ,in ,england a great deal of attention is given to centering the family life about the hearth4 ,this inglenook has almost the value of an additional room4 ,the walls are plain except for the woodwork and the tiling ,illustration3 ,the inglenook here has a raised floor of ordinary brick and an attractive brick fireplace the mantel of which is a cypress beam supported by projecting bricks4 ,the furniture is made consistent by being stained and then waxed ,illustration3 ,glazed tile fireplaces are very much the vogue in ,england4 ,here the colors are selected to go well with the light ash treatment of the woodwork ,illustration3 ,the heavy beams in this living-room made it a simple matter to place the inglenook4 ,the curved lines of the seat1 however1 and the grotesque plaster figures might grow tiresome1 and are most suitable for the house occupied only in the summer or one with more informal treatment ,illustration3 ,an architect's suggested treatment of a ,flemish dining-room4 ,the fireplace is of ,caen stone and the plaster wall is sand-finished in a dark shade ,illustration ,designing the ,dining-room ,we have a habit1 generally1 of making the dining-room either ,english or ,colonial in style1 ,i suppose for the reason that we have so many good types of furniture in these two styles that their use makes it easier to obtain an attractive dining-room4 ,the room of ,flemish character is probably more unusual and ,i have1 therefore1 chosen to offer a design in this style4 ,illustration3 ,the plan shows an arrangement for a dining-room about fifteen by sixteen feet1 showing suggested positions for the rugs and furniture that is consistent with the scheme ,illustration3 ,a very similar treatment to that described in the article is shown in this room with its high rectangular panel wainscot4 ,instead of a cornice the sand-finished walls are rounded into the ceiling and the ceiling is lower4 ,an interesting candle fixture is hung above the plain oak table4 ,the picture framed in the paneling is an additional possibility ,illustration3 ,warm tones are appreciated in a dining-room where the woodwork is all white4 ,here they are obtained in an ,oriental rug of good colors4 ,chairs are of present-day manufacture1 suggested by ,sheraton's work ,the room is #ae #af feet in size1 opening from a broad hall from which it is shut off with glass doors4 ,the morning sun1 a very essential feature in any dining-room1 is obtained through the eastern window and through the southern windows in the summer1 while the after-glow of the summer sunset comes through the west window1 thus insuring a pleasant dining-room at all times4 ,there is nothing so cheerless as a breakfast-room which is cut off from the sun in the winter1 by being isolated in the north or northeastern part of the house2 it continually exerts a depressing influence on the family at meals4 ,the dining-room is adjoined by the serving-room1 which connects with the kitchen1 affording a quick and direct line of service4 ,illustration3 ,most dining-rooms need color1 which may be introduced in a frieze1 as here1 or by the use of tapestry4 ,side fixtures1 such as these in duplication of old ,colonial lamps1 may be purchased for six or seven dollars4 ,the center light is of etched glass ,it is suggested that the room be wainscoted in oak to a height of seven feet1 with rectangular panels formed by very flat rails and stiles1 without any panel moldings4 ,a wide plate-rail forms the cap of the wainscot1 affording a place to put bits of china and old pieces of pewter or copper4 ,above the wainscot the plaster is sand-finished1 as is also the ceiling1 and at the intersection of the ceiling and side walls a cornice is carried around the room4 ,on the north side is a large fireplace1 which is a necessity on a rainy day to make breakfast cheerful and the room comfortable4 ,it is built of light gray ,caen stone1 which has almost the appearance of limestone4 ,it is imported in blocks and is soft enough to be worked into a variety of shapes4 ,the hearth has a curb border1 raised an inch or two above the level of the stone hearth in order to retain the ashes better4 ,a heavy carved casing is carried around the stonework of the fireplace1 surmounted by a carved shelf supported on heavy brackets4 ,illustration3 ,all the furniture necessary beside the chairs and dining-table is a sideboard and a serving-table4 ,the china closet may be dispensed with if a place for decorative china is made on a plate rail4 ,this china closet matches well and seems part of the room ,french doors are an essential feature in the dining-room because they permit it to be shut off from the hall and kept warm1 and they prevent interruptions during the dinner hour4 ,as they are of glass1 they afford a view into the hall--a very attractive feature1 which does away with that feeling of oppressiveness experienced sometimes from being shut up in a room with solid doors of wood4 ,the floor is of oak1 filled and given two coats of a finish which has a dull luster and enough elasticity to make it durable4 ,the floor should be of a shade that is not too light or so dark that it readily shows the dust4 ,illustration3 ,instead of using the separate pieces of dining-room furniture1 two sideboards were built in flanking the fireplace and as an extension of its woodwork4 ,a tapestry paper is used above this wainscot ,opposite the fireplace is a position for the sideboard and there is wall space enough for a china-cupboard although ,i should prefer to omit this cumbersome piece of furniture1 which everybody shuns with the admonition of childhood still ringing in his ears1 mustn't touch4 ,near the door to the serving-room is the proper place for the serving-table1 and there remains plenty of wall space for chairs4 ,by referring to the plan the position of these pieces of furniture will be made more clear4 ,illustration3 ,a possible variation for the seven-foot wainscot suggested1 is the room entirely paneled with cypress finished to show the grain4 ,the ,french doors in this room are desirable in a dining-room1 as they allow plenty of light to enter ,the decoration of this room is a simple problem4 ,on the floor there should be a rich-colored rug with deep reds in it1 strong enough to afford a foundation for the dark sturdy ,flemish furniture and the dark finish of the wainscot4 ,above the wainscot1 the sand-finished ceiling and side walls should be sized and painted with three coats of oil paint of a dull golden shade which reflects a warm glow over the room when lighted4 ,the rough texture of the sand-finish is well adapted for such use as this4 ,of course a frieze of foliated tapestry paper1 or real tapestry1 could be used with good effect1 or even an oil-painted frieze representing a scene from medieval history is permissible4 ,it is safe to say that all of these schemes would be good1 though1 of course1 there would be a great difference in their cost4 ,the radiator under the east window should be painted to match the color of the wainscot4 ,to obtain the correct shade for this wainscot1 the wood should go through several processes of staining4 ,the first coat is a deep penetrating stain of burnt ,sienna hue to form a mellowing base1 similar to the warm colors the old masters used in their paintings4 ,this makes a warm color to reflect through the succeeding coats of darker stain1 each coat of which should be rubbed into the wood and any superfluous stain rubbed off1 exposing each time the high lights of the wood's grain4 ,the final coat should be a thin coat of wax or a flat-drying oil paint to give the wood a dull luster4 ,illustration3 ,the woodwork treatment here is much the same as that suggested in the text1 but of a ,colonial or ,english style and finished white4 ,a good stenciled frieze is used above it4 ,the chairs are of ,chippendale design ,the furniture should be of the ,flemish type1 preferably a shade lighter or a shade darker than that of the finish of the woodwork1 in order to give contrast4 ,the dining-room table should be a modern extension table with heavy1 turned legs1 which would of course be repeated in the sideboard1 serving-table and chairs4 ,this type of furniture depends entirely for its beauty upon its plain sturdy lines and simple turnings4 ,the chairs should have leather seats and backs1 studded with copper nails4 ,the brasses of the fireplace should be of odd design1 and the electric lights and fixtures should be of old brass to add a touch of color to the dark wood finish4 ,it seems hardly necessary to mention that the lights of this room should be governed by an electric switch1 and an electric bell on the table should ring a buzzer in the serving-room4 ,in the serving-room there is a counter shelf two feet eight inches high on each side wall1 over which there are glazed cases with sliding doors to contain the china4 ,under the window there is a sink for the washing of fine china1 glass1 and silver1 which should not go into the kitchen with the heavier dishes4 ,under the counter are cupboards and drawers and at one end a plate-warmer and a small refrigerator1 in order that one may obtain a bite to eat late at night without having to go through the kitchen to the kitchen pantry--which is sometimes awkward if there is no servant's dining-room and the maid is entertaining4 ,illustration3 ,still another substitute for the wainscot is the use of wood strips applied in this fashion4 ,the ,moravian tiles in the fireplace add welcome color ,the finish of the room would cost approximately #ege in selected white oak4 ,the mantel alone is worth #hj and the wainscot about #cjj4 ,the furniture for the room1 made from detail drawings1 would cost about #dej in oak and leather4 ,a4 ,,raymond ,,ellis ,illustration3 ,where the dining-room woodwork shows its natural grain1 a specially designed buffet of quartered oak1 such as this1 proves very attractive and satisfactory ,illustration3 ,the rough plaster walls here are surmounted by a plaster frieze of grapes in color4 ,this design is echoed in the center drop light ,illustration3 ,flanking china closets1 when in perfect balance1 form an admirable feature for the decoration of a ,colonial room ,illustration3 ,the ladder back design of ,chippendale is most attractive4 ,in this room with its white woodwork an attempt has been made to repeat the dominant colors of the rug in the wall paper ,illustration3 ,in this dining-room there is architectural treatment that could by no means find place in any but a large room4 ,panels at one end of the room are filled with tapestries that give a fine color effect4 ,the scheme is ,georgian and the furniture ,hepplewhite ,illustration3 ,having a large quantity of old blue china1 the owner of this room selected a brown figured paper that would harmonize with it4 ,the plates have almost the value of a stenciled frieze ,illustration3 ,two types of modern furniture are shown here4 ,the china closet is unnatural and is of no decorative value and but little usefulness4 ,the table and chairs are of simple design and good1 solid workmanship ,illustration3 ,this ,colonial room shows an effective panel treatment that can be secured at low cost by applying a molding directly to the plaster and then painting the plaster and the woodwork alike4 ,good ,colonial fixtures are shown above the mantel4 ,illustration3 ,faithfulness to ,colonial tradition does not necessarily make the most comfortable room1 but the ,windsor chairs are serviceable and easy ,illustration3 ,white woodwork in this dining-room permits such a set design as this with the little green bay trees4 ,a gate-legged table is not always the most comfortable thing for a dining-room ,illustration3 ,furniture1 made of applewood1 finished with a plain smooth surface and covered with reeds1 is especially applicable to the small house and suggests the original home1 the ,english cottage ,illustration3 ,white enameled furniture as well as woodwork is a novel suggestion for the summer home and makes a brilliant1 cheery dining-room1 especially when accompanied by bright reds or blues in the rugs1 chair cushions and curtains ,illustration3 ,in the summer camp little ornamentation is necessary1 yet the natural attractiveness of wood finish is both useful and beautiful here ,illustration3 ,in remodeling an old tavern1 the taproom with its smoke-blackened beams and dark wainscot was converted into the dining-room4 ,the use of handmade floor tile is particularly interesting ,illustration3 ,this ,dutch interior offers a suggestion for a summer camp in the dining-room alcove placed at one end of the living-room ,illustration3 ,wilton rugs in a single color with a darker toned border serve well for the dining-room4 ,the curtains repeat the color in a figured pattern ,illustration3 ,during house cleaning there are various objections to a plate rail4 ,in this dining-room it was done away with and a frieze was set low and secured by the use of a narrow white molding4 ,if the room were irregular1 it would have been almost impossible to locate in this position1 but in a rectangular room it is not so difficult4 ,it is in neutral colors and the friezes are in ,delft blue with draperies of a darker blue4 ,the furniture is ,hepplewhite ,illustration3 ,the combination of gray and white as used here is an effective background for mahogany4 ,the candle sconce fixtures at either side of the sideboard alcove are in good taste ,illustration3 ,although the furniture need not be permanently fixed to the room it may be planned to accommodate certain spaces1 as here4 ,the chairs are reproductions along ,colonial lines ,illustration3 ,in a house where there is an additional room1 there is a suggestion from the ,german boudoir4 ,this is really the modern woman's workroom and place of rest and adjoins the sleeping apartment4 ,it is also a place to receive intimate friends ,illustration ,decorating and ,furnishing the ,bedroom ,illustration3 ,attractive results are achieved in adopting a central figure or idea and planning the room about it4 ,the main unit of design in the wall paper has been repeated on the ivory white furniture ,in the bedroom the individuality of the occupant is more in evidence than in any other room of the house1 as such rooms or suites are complete in themselves and need not necessarily be considered relatively4 ,where the house has the marked characteristics of any period the architectural detail of the wood trim in the bedrooms as well as that in the other apartments will1 of course1 express this and must in a measure influence the furnishings1 but even under these conditions more latitude is permissible in the chambers than in the living-rooms4 ,illustration3 ,this room1 also shown in the two illustrations following1 uses the blue bird as a motif4 ,cretonne repeats the design that is echoed again in the cut out border4 ,a blue and white rag rug1 having a blue bird edging1 is suitable for the floor ,a room in which no period idea is dominant may be made very charming1 and the individual taste of the occupant may influence the entire scheme of decoration4 ,a very dainty and attractive room is shown in the illustration on page #fi4 ,the floral paper used on the side wall here is beautiful in color and design1 and the crown of this has a cut out extension of flowers and leaves that is applied directly to the ceiling proper4 ,the furniture of ivory enamel finish has been painted with clusters of the same flowers as those shown in the wall paper4 ,much of the green of the foliage in this design is repeated in the two-tone rug upon the floor4 ,the curtains and bedspread are made of ivory white linen taffeta and bordered with four-inch bands of cretonne showing the same floral design as the side walls4 ,much of the comfort as well as the attractiveness of a bedroom depends upon the arrangement of the furniture it holds4 ,the space for the bed is usually indicated by the architect in the first drafting of the plans1 and should be adhered to unless the room is unusually large4 ,however1 the other furniture may be arranged and rearranged until the right position is found for each piece4 ,where a couch is included this may be placed near the window with the bookshelves conveniently at hand1 or it may be set directly across the foot of the bed4 ,the reading- or work-tables and easy-chairs should find their permanent place1 as their proper grouping adds much to the livableness of any room4 ,illustration3 ,the wall paper is plain with a satin stripe in what is known as a cerulean blue4 ,the crown effect of the border is a silhouetted pattern cut out and attached separately ,the ,english idea of placing a dressing-table directly in front of a window is not especially favored here as we are loath to sacrifice so much of direct sun and air as the closed window would necessitate1 although by such an arrangement we secure a good overhead light4 ,illustration3 ,a white bedstead of this style may be had either of wood enameled or of metal ,the placing of the lighting fixtures should also be given some careful study4 ,side or drop lights should be near the dressing-mirror1 and a convenient stand or drop light1 well shaded1 should be placed near the head of the bed4 ,and a well-arranged table light for reading and sewing is of great convenience in a large bedroom which is used at all as a sitting-room4 ,however small the room1 the light must be well arranged for the dressing-table4 ,a central light for a bedroom is a very objectionable feature4 ,illustration3 ,in many cases the bedroom serves more purposes than for sleeping quarters4 ,there should be space for a desk1 comfortable chairs and books ,light and crisp colors are more acceptable in the decorative scheme of the bedroom than any other room of the house4 ,where plain walls and figured cretonnes or chintzes are used in combination the latter should appear generously1 that is1 not only in valanced curtains at windows1 but as slip covers1 or cushion covers for chairs1 window-seat1 or lounge4 ,the old-time idea of a blue1 a pink1 a green1 and a yellow room is falling into disuse1 although any one of these colors may be brought out prominently in the scheme of the room1 or1 as is even more usual1 all may be combined in either wall covering or drapery material4 ,the dominant color should appear again in the plain or two-tone floor covering4 ,plain and embroidered muslins for window draperies and covers for dressing-tables are effective and dainty1 and by having two sets for a room it may be kept always delightfully fresh and clean1 as these muslins launder well4 ,a small coin-dot of color on a very sheer1 though not fine1 white ground can be purchased from #be to #ce cents a yard and gives a dainty charm to a room in which it is freely used that few other fabrics at the same cost will supply4 ,illustration3 ,there is a preference for bedrooms furnished in light colors4 ,here the paper is figured and the color of the design appears in curtains of a solid color4 ,the closet doors have full length mirror panels ,where the decorative scheme must be very inexpensively carried out1 a floral paper on an ivory ground can be purchased for #be cents a roll of eight yards4 ,in these cheaper papers one finds a better selection in yellow and old rose than in other colors2 greens1 too1 are usually soft and attractive4 ,if plain colored over-draperies are desired for the windows these may be made from cheese-cloth which has been dyed to the desired shade1 matching the color of the flower in the wall paper4 ,it is not a difficult matter for the amateur to do4 ,there are now made some very attractive cotton crepes showing a variety of floral and other patterns4 ,some of these are beautiful in color and good in design1 and1 with plain tinted walls1 a room in which the curtains and slip covers for cushions and pillows are made from this fabric is very attractive4 ,illustration3 ,the lighting fixtures should be planned for the position the dressing table and chiffonier is to occupy4 ,this is an attractive bedroom paper of an old-fashioned design ,old furniture may be revamped and given a fresh coat of ivory white enamel1 and a central rug or a number of small rugs made after the old-fashioned rag carpet in one or two colors makes a satisfactory floor covering for use in such rooms4 ,if the woodwork can be painted ivory white the scheme is more successful1 as this is an important factor in the completed whole4 ,in fact for bedrooms there is no better finish than the ivory white enamel4 ,it is easy to apply and durable1 and harmonizes with almost any scheme of furnishing one may desire to bring out in the room4 ,attractive little shades for electric lights or candles may be made from bits of silk or even tissue paper1 and1 used in a room in which old rose predominates1 the effect is charming1 as the light showing through the rose color is very soft and pleasing4 ,,margaret ,,greenleaf ,illustration3 ,an unusual decorative treatment is the division of walls into colored panels which are held in place by molding strips ,illustration3 ,the perpendicular stripe in this paper serves to increase the height of a rather low ceiling4 ,the window is fitted with sash curtains and draperies of a figured pattern on the order of the crown border ,illustration3 ,an interesting feature of this house is the long window seat placed for reading or sewing4 ,beneath it is a quantity of space for many things ,illustration3 ,a room consistently decorated along ,colonial lines4 ,some sort of a couch or lounge is a decided boon in the bedroom1 as it provides a place for the afternoon nap ,illustration3 ,the so-called craftsman's house or house with woodwork left in natural condition may well use furniture built to match the trim ,illustration3 ,the informal bedroom of rough plaster and brick substitutes strength of color and form for the delicacy of ,colonial white woodwork ,illustration3 ,many people still delight in the old-fashioned four-poster or in the canopy bed4 ,this should be considered in planning the room1 as the architect generally arranges a certain set position for it ,illustration3 ,this dressing table shows a satisfactory arrangement for lighting--two flanking lights and one overhead light4 ,the striped walls require the color furnished by the hangings ,illustration3 ,in this little under-the-eaves bedroom a surprising saving of space has been made by fitting part of one side of the room with a series of drawers painted in white enamel4 ,there is room here for the household linen and for storing away clothes ,illustration3 ,where neutral grays are chosen for the walls there should be some warmth of color elsewhere4 ,here most of the decoration is left to the furniture in its warm mahogany tones and to the brighter colors of the rug ,illustration3 ,in the small bedroom that must be used as a study there should be a space for living-room comforts4 ,the sash curtains combined with inside ones of sill length are attractive ,illustration3 ,even a small under-the-eaves bedroom may be well arranged4 ,this is consistent ,colonial with its rag rugs and ,windsor chair ,illustration3 ,a bedroom in which the cream colored chintz with pink and green design is repeated in the upholstery and echoed in the carpet ,illustration3 ,curtains may be very simple but in good taste4 ,this is a fine cheesecloth with a stencil design1 which conventionalizes the flowers in the wall paper ,illustration3 ,another treatment of cheesecloth1 showing a poppy design that is taken from the cut out band pasted at the top of a gray striped wall paper ,illustration3 ,views of an old-fashioned bedroom that is finished in dull grayish blue4 ,such heavy furniture would appear uncomfortably bulky in any smaller room ,illustration3 ,the carpet helps to make the room homelike1 with bare floors the height and size of the room would be more apparent ,illustration3 ,a short length of cretonne hanging between two sill length curtains may be used instead of a valance ,illustration3 ,the cut out paper border goes well with a shaped valance and side curtains4 ,the valance is hung on a projecting frame ,illustration3 ,the ,japanese design is repeated on the gathered valance of the curtains1 chairs and the table-cover4 ,several original stencils of butterflies are framed as decorations ,illustration3 ,ivory white is always a satisfactory color for the woodwork of most bedrooms4 ,here it takes the place of wall paper ,illustration3 ,one article of bedroom furniture that should not be neglected is a bedside cabinet on which an electric light may be placed4 ,these twin beds are of gray ash with a natural finish ,illustration3 ,an example of several of the uses for stenciled borders is shown here in this desk corner4 ,the room makes good use of wicker furniture and bungalow rugs ,illustration ,the ,problem of the ,bathroom ,only a few years ago1 sanitary conveniences1 which were very crude when compared with those of to-day1 were considered luxuries2 to-day they are necessities1 demanded for our physical comfort and welfare4 ,the old-fashioned ,saturday tubbing was a much dreaded and messy event2 but with sanitary house plumbing1 bathing became a pleasure and a valuable adjunct to good health4 ,it is1 therefore1 interesting to note the treatments of the present bathroom4 ,the average house to-day contains at least two bathrooms1 the simplest equipment being a water-closet1 lavatory1 and tub1 the two latter fixtures supplied with hot and cold water supply pipes4 ,from these three fixtures of the simplest kind1 installed in a room not smaller than #e ft4 #f in4 #f ft4 #f in41 we may enlarge the scheme to contain a shower-bath1 with floor receptor to catch the water1 a sitz or foot-bath1 double lavatories1 if for the owner's bath1 with marble or porcelain pier slabs for toilet articles4 ,these fixtures may be simple in pattern1 of enameled iron or of porcelain or marble1 in a room having tile or marble floors and wainscot4 ,there are1 happily1 inexpensive fixtures of good quality that are just as efficient as the most expensive ones1 and the plainer the lines of the fixtures the more beautiful they will appear in the finished bath2 heavy ornamentation in color or molded design should be avoided--it is not so easily kept clean1 nor is it so beautiful4 ,in many houses having but one servant1 a separate bath is provided for her use1 and in a house costing #h1jjj it is customary to provide a private bath connecting with the owner's chamber1 as well as a general bath for the family and guests1 and a servants' bath in the attic4 ,the importance the bath and sanitary plumbing have attained is shown by the fact that seven or eight per cent of the cost of a house is taken for plumbing1 and in houses costing from #h1jjj to #ae1jjj1 three bathrooms are installed4 ,illustration3 ,two oval lavatories are generally representative of the latest convenience for the modern bathroom ,the model servants' bath should have a floor of small hexagonal white1 unglazed tile with hard plastered walls1 above a sanitary base1 painted with four coats of moisture-resisting paint and equipped with a five-foot enameled iron tub1 quiet syphon-jet closet1 with oak seat and tank1 and a plain pattern enameled iron lavatory4 ,a medicine closet should be built in the wall over it1 having a mirror set in the door4 ,the fixtures cannot be properly set in an area less than #e ft4 #f in4 #f ft4 #f in41 and #e ft4 #f in4 #g ft4 #f in4 would be much better4 ,the owner's bath is largely a matter of personal taste and cost4 ,usually this has a floor of #b in4 white1 unglazed hexagonal tile1 with a #d #f in4 white glazed tile for walls1 with cap and sanitary base1 marble thresholds and plinth blocks4 ,the height of the wainscot is optional2 but #d ft4 #f in4 is usual1 with the walls and ceilings above it oil painted4 ,the room should not be smaller than #h ft4 #aj ft4 and may open from the owner's chamber or dressing-room4 ,its equipment usually comprises two lavatories of vitreous china1 placed at least six inches apart1 unless a double lavatory is used in one slab1 over which may be a medicine closet built into the wall with mirror door set in2 the bathroom door should have a full-length mirror4 ,in the illustration that appears on page #ie is shown a silent syphon-jet closet with low-down tank finished in mahogany4 ,the low-down combinations1 as they are called1 are made in oak1 cherry1 mahogany1 and white enamel4 ,the tub should be at least #e ft4 long1 of enameled iron or porcelain1 finished on both sides if enameled1 and supported on porcelain block feet1 with standing waste and mixing cocks4 ,the tub must be set far enough from the wall to permit cleaning4 ,illustration3 ,the great problem in planning a bathroom is not to sacrifice all warmth and color to sanitation4 ,at present there are washable and sanitary papers made by the decorators that are very proper for bathroom furnishings4 ,the seagull design in blues and greens and the kingfisher in a brilliant1 cool green are both suitable and attractive ,illustration3 ,the upper left hand plan shows excellent spacing and good arrangement combining all the desirable features and conveniences of a bathroom4 ,the upper right hand plan shows a desirable arrangement for minimum space4 ,the lower left hand plan shows a modern idea of dividing the bathroom into two sections4 ,in the lower right hand plan there is a complete equipment1 well arranged1 but with few more than the necessary conveniences ,every fitting or exposed pipe in the bathroom should be nickel-plated4 ,the shower may be installed over the tub1 as in one of the illustrations1 or made a separate fixture with a floor receptor to drain off the water4 ,it may be inclosed with a cotton duck curtain1 which is more agreeable to the body than rubber or marble slabs4 ,the merits of each fixture and its equipment ,i shall leave to the reader1 because these things he can readily determine for himself2 but the arrangements and number of fixtures required must be considered--the quality is a matter of price4 ,the general bathroom of a house should be similar to the owner's--in some cases it is divided into two compartments1 as shown in one plan1 with the water-closet by itself--permitting independent use4 ,illustration3 ,one especial convenience that should not be neglected is the shower with the duck curtain arranged over the top4 ,for bathroom floors the hexagonal tile is very suitable and enduring ,in homes costing from #ae1jjj up1 the number of bathrooms is in proportion to the number of occupants4 ,every room may have a connecting bath with tile floor and wainscot1 completely equipped--in such a case the visit of a guest is not fraught with hasty skirmishes to the nearest bath1 perhaps only to retreat1 and wait and listen for an opportunity to use it4 ,plumbing fixtures are made in many materials2 the most popular of these1 on account of durability and cost1 is cast iron with an enamel glaze fused on the iron4 ,this ware will stand hard usage1 is not easily fractured1 does not craze1 and therefore holds its color4 ,the vitreous china ware is1 ,i think1 more appropriate for bathrooms finished in tile1 because the materials1 being similar1 are in harmony1 while the enameled iron is not quite as heavy or substantial looking when used with tile4 ,vitreous china is potter's clay1 properly fired1 with a vitreous glaze baked on2 porcelain is similar and their cost is about the same1 except that this increases rapidly with the larger pieces2 because fewer perfect fixtures are obtained4 ,fixtures cut from solid marble block are the most expensive and their relative merit with their relation to cost is a question for the owner to determine4 ,illustration3 ,a sunken bathtub is a form of luxury that is desirable but requires low ceiling in the room below1 or that the bathroom be built on the ground floor4 ,this is oftentimes an impossible arrangement ,there is little difference between the enameled iron1 vitreous china and porcelain or marble as far as the retention of heat is concerned1 or the feeling from bodily contact4 ,there are in every kiln some fixtures that are not quite perfect2 they are called seconds1 and catalogued as ,class ,b goods1 with a lower price4 ,the weight of massive plumbing in a frame dwelling is considerable and will cause a settlement of the floors unless carefully supported4 ,the fashions in tubs are many4 ,the usual shape is square at the foot and round at the head-at the foot are the waste and supply pipes which are made in several combinations4 ,the double bath cock1 which gives hot or cold water or a mixture of both1 is advisable for tubs-the small cup between the faucets is a ring tray and can be replaced with a soap dish if desired4 ,most shower-baths have a shampoo attachment or body spray that can be used instead of the overhead shower1 so that the head and hair are kept dry if desired1 and if a shower is not to be installed this can be provided in the tub4 ,illustration3 ,the bathroom to-day finds great need of such built-in conveniences as wall chests and cupboards4 ,these should be arranged for at the time the house is built ,a tub incased in tile is a perfectly sanitary treatment1 and in some cases the tub has been sunk into the floor a foot and then incased to avoid the high step necessary to get into the tub4 ,the plunge--sunk in the floor--is an unusual treatment that permits more freedom of movement than the tub2 but the tile1 when wet1 is slippery1 and ,i should expect one might carelessly slip in with fatal results4 ,roman tubs are alike at each end--with fixtures in the middle of one side of the rim4 ,solid porcelain tubs rest on the floor1 set into the tile4 ,the ideal position for the tub1 if there is available room1 is with the foot against a wall and ample room on either side to get in or out of it4 ,tubs are made in lengths ranging from #d ft4 to #f feet1 and about #cj inches in width over rims4 ,illustration3 ,this room contains the desirable articles and fixtures for the modern bathroom in a very satisfactory arrangement4 ,there is the latest thing in nickel plumbing and modern equipment1 but at the same time there is an attractiveness that is so lacking in the cold1 hospital type of room ,illustration3 ,the small hexagonal floor tiles permit sections to be taken up with little difficulty and replaced at small expense4 ,wall tile1 however1 should be made of the larger rectangular units with a cornice at the top and a rounded surbase that obviates a sharp angle at the junction with the floor ,the lavatory is an important fixture that is made in a great many varieties4 ,the old-fashioned bowl is obsolete--the oval has taken its place1 though probably the best is the kidney-shaped bowl1 as it permits a free and natural movement of the arms in raising water to lave the face4 ,the bowl should be at least #ad #ag inches1 in a slab #bb #cb1 with a space surrounding the bowl countersunk a little to form a border that tends to confine the splashed water4 ,all the fixtures manufactured by responsible concerns are equipped with nickel-plated faucets1 wastes1 traps1 and supplies that are very satisfactory2 but quite often the plumber who installs the work buys the fixtures without the selected trimmings and substitutes a cheaper pattern4 ,some tubs and lavatories are sold in ,a and ,b qualities1 and it will be to your advantage to select the fixtures with your architect1 who knows the grades and fittings4 ,illustration3 ,all the wood that is in these bathrooms is heavily enameled in white4 ,both rooms show a good use of colored tile worked in attractive designs4 ,the room on the left has a mosaic pattern in several shades as a decoration1 while in the right hand room there is a bright border and vertical strips making panels4 ,the tiles between them are laid in herring-bone fashion4 ,both tubs are without supports and rest flat on the floor ,illustration3 ,this ,european treatment is particularly effective for the owner's bath1 which opens into his bedroom4 ,the glass doors provide all the lighting necessary and are very decorative with their curved segments ,a particularly pleasing treatment is the bath opening from the owner's chamber1 and separated from it by glass partition4 ,this arrangement is good where outside light cannot be afforded or obtained1 and a curtain effectively screens it4 ,illustration3 ,a simple bathroom where waterproof enameled paint was used in several coats instead of a tiled wainscot1 and above this an attractive waterproof paper that suggests tiling4 ,such an arrangement is a possibility where tiles may not be purchased ,bath-room accessories should be arranged with care and consist of the following devices3 ,plate glass shelves supported on nickel-plated brackets are the best2 towel-racks2 toothbrush holders2 clothes-brush hangers2 clothes hooks2 soap dishes2 and soiled towel baskets4 ,hardware is usually of nickel-plated tubing screwed into the tile4 ,the accompanying photographs and plans will illustrate the subject further and are self-explanatory4 ,a4 ,,raymond ,,ellis ,illustration ,the ,proper ,treatment for the ,nursery ,furnishings for the modern child's room1 like everything else that belongs to that important personage1 are as complete in the smallest detail as skill and ingenuity can make them1 and every feature of a well-appointed bedroom may be duplicated in miniature for the youngsters4 ,the wall-papers and draperies especially designed for nurseries and children's rooms are in a way more distinctively juvenile than the actual pieces of furniture1 and are a most important consideration in fitting out such apartments4 ,if one does not care to go to the expense of furnishing a nursery completely1 paper and curtains that will leave no doubt as to the identity of the room may be had at small cost1 and from this simple touch the scheme of decorations and the furniture1 to say nothing of the cost1 may be indefinitely extended4 ,strictly hygienic parents who scout the idea of wall-paper as being unhealthy and will have nothing but painted walls in a bedroom are confronted by a bare expanse that may be sanitary1 but is neither attractive nor interesting for the child4 ,with walls treated in this way a decorative frieze may be used with good effect4 ,the friezes1 which come in panels varying in depth from fourteen to nineteen and one-half inches1 are printed in gay colors on backgrounds of blue-gray1 ivory-white1 drab1 and other neutral tones that can be matched exactly in the color of the walls4 ,the designs include processions of ,noah's ark inhabitants1 farmyard animals1 chickens and ducks1 ,normandy peasants going to market1 toy villages with stiff little soldiers and prim-looking trees1 hunting scenes1 and a row of ,dutch kiddies indulging in a mad race across the paper4 ,if wall-paper is used it also matches the background of the frieze1 the paper being either in a solid color or with a figure so inconspicuous that it gives the impression of a single tone4 ,one of the new papers for children's rooms is a reproduction of the quaint ,kate ,greenaway figures that are quite as fascinating to little people in these days as they were years ago4 ,the background is a pale yellow and the figures are printed in rather delicate colors1 each group representing one of the calendar months4 ,the effect is particularly dainty and the designs are diverting for the children without becoming tiresome from too great contrast in color4 ,another paper that shows groups quite as charming is printed from designs by ,boutet de ,monvel1 the famous ,french illustrator of child life4 ,a new idea1 and one that is proving popular1 is a decided departure from the conventional wall-paper1 with its figures at regularly repeated intervals4 ,this consists in first putting on the walls a paper of solid color to be used as a background for single figures or groups that are cut from friezes and pasted on to suit one's individual taste4 ,the figures1 of course1 must be quite large1 in order to be effective1 and in some favorite groups cut from a frieze showing little ,dutch girls and yellow chicks the latter are even larger than life4 ,for nurseries1 when the children are very small1 the figures are often arranged in a frieze just above the foot-board1 so that they come on a line with the child's eye1 and are therefore vastly more entertaining than when placed at the infinite distance of the top of the wall4 ,blue and white seems to be the favorite combination of colors for nursery draperies1 and among the all-over patterns are a lot of roly-poly children picking gigantic daisies on a pale blue ground1 and also a ,delft design on a white ground covered with black cross lines that are far enough apart to give a tiled effect4 ,a number of other colors and patterns may be had as well as the gay printed borders that come two strips to a width of the material4 ,when figured wallpaper is used1 draperies of solid color with the printed border are rather more satisfactory1 as one set of children or animals tumbling over the walls1 and another set chasing across the draperies1 create a bewildering impression that is anything but restful and quieting for the small occupant4 ,the borders are particularly attractive for curtains made of plain scrim or some soft white material1 and are stitched on in strips or cut out and put on in silhouette4 ,illustration3 ,the playroom in this house was to be made use of by the grown folks occasionally for their handicraft work4 ,special attention was paid to built-in closets convenient for toys and tools ,floor coverings especially suitable for children's rooms are to be found in the more or less recently revived rag carpet rugs1 either plain or with figured borders4 ,almost any of these rugs with their decorative strips showing queerly constructed landscapes are suitable1 but most appropriate is one that has a solemn procession of geese across either end1 or another that is ornamented with a family of black and white bunnies lined up against a red brick wall4 ,they come in various sizes1 from the small hearthrug up to the one that is large enough for the center of an average size room4 ,a new rug for nurseries that is rather more practical than pretty is woven in the same way as the rag rugs1 but instead of cotton materials1 strips of oilcloth are used1 rolled so that the glossy side is uppermost4 ,the idea was first employed in making small rugs for bathrooms1 as they are waterproof and easy to keep clean1 but they are quite as serviceable and sanitary for children's rooms1 and are cleaned by wiping off with a damp cloth4 ,they are made in different sizes1 and in a mixed design1 like the ordinary rag rug1 or with white centers and borders of solid color4 ,in the way of furniture1 chairs and beds are to be had in a much greater variety than the other pieces1 and the miniature ,morris chair is no doubt the most attractive piece of furniture that is made for the little folks4 ,it comes in almost as many different styles and prices as the grown-up variety1 and may be had in light or dark wood1 with cushions of velour or leather or figured cotton material1 and is a perfect reproduction of the large chair4 ,little sets consisting of table and two chairs1 one straight1 the other with arms1 are decorated with juvenile figures in color1 and may be had for prices that are quite reasonable4 ,they are especially useful when no attempt can be made at arranging a regulation nursery4 ,one of the most serviceable of these sets is of dark wood with leather seat chairs and a table of good size1 the top of which is hinged and may be raised disclosing a receptacle for toys or books4 ,small willow and wicker tables and chairs are made in attractive shapes1 many of them copies of the larger pieces1 and are used either in the natural color or stained to harmonize with the color scheme of the room4 ,less substantial than the pieces made of solid wood1 they are rather more practical for older children than for small ones who are no respecters of furniture1 and1 while designed for use all the year round1 they are particularly suitable for summer rooms or to be carried outdoors4 ,in spite of the fact that the little white bed is always associated with the child's room in story and song1 to say nothing of the popular imagination1 there are various kinds of brass and wooden beds made in small sizes that are thoroughly in keeping with one's idea of a typical nursery4 ,the white enamel beds1 which may be had as plain or as elaborate as one desires1 are always dainty1 and have the advantage of harmonizing perfectly with furniture and hangings of almost every description4 ,brass beds have the same characteristic1 but they are much more expensive than those of iron1 and seem to require rather more elaborate surroundings4 ,the newest brass beds for children are quite low1 only about half as high as the ordinary bed1 which is a distinct advantage1 as it is much easier for the child to climb into1 and less dangerous in case he falls out4 ,illustration3 ,the sense of possession that the child has in its own room produces much satisfaction4 ,substantial furniture may be purchased in small sizes and a variety of wall treatments are suggested with interesting friezes ,a recently designed wooden bed of attractive appearance shows severely plain lines in the head and foot boards1 and in the sides long narrow panels are cut out1 through which the covering of the box spring is seen4 ,this bed is made only to order1 and is intended for elaborately decorated rooms in which a definite color scheme is carried out4 ,it may be had in any desired width and stained any color to match the other furniture1 while the box spring and little pillow and mattress are covered with the same material as the draperies of the room4 ,illustration3 ,japanese prints are being received with increasing favor and thousands of beautiful designs are particularly appropriate for the children's room4 ,the subjects are chiefly natural history figures and they serve as an inspiration to have stories woven about them ,furniture of a special size for children's rooms is made in a design that is substantial and handsome1 by the manufacturer of a well-known and widely used type4 ,there is a wardrobe just five feet high1 with compartments for hats1 clothing1 and shoes2 a bureau twenty-nine inches high1 with a twenty-inch mirror on it2 a bed with high sides1 the simple decorations of which match those of the bureau2 rocking chairs and straight chairs with leather seats1 a settle1 and tables of different sizes and shapes4 ,nothing could be more attractive or complete than a room furnished in this way for a child of six or seven years who has outgrown the daintier surroundings of the nursery4 ,it has all of the dignity of a well-appointed grown-up room1 but with everything in proportion to the size of its owner4 ,even washstand sets1 suitable as to shape and decoration1 may be had for the child's room in which no detail is to be omitted4 ,they are little if any smaller than the usual sets1 but the decorations are in keeping with those of the other appointments1 and the pitchers are designed with a view to their being handled easily by small hands4 ,they are not unlike milk jugs in shape1 with a substantial handle over the top and another at the back1 so that there is small chance of their slipping while in transit1 and the mouth is a definitely formed one that will not fail to pour in the direction intended4 ,for a comparatively small amount a room may be fitted up with enough distinctive juvenile furnishings to impart individuality and to give the child a sense of possession that it will never have in grown-up surroundings4 ,even though circumstances are such that it has not had an elaborate nursery1 as soon as a child is old enough to have a room of its own there is no reason why the furnishings should not be in keeping1 and with the expenditure of a little money a dainty and attractive room may be arranged4 ,high-priced beds and other pieces of furniture are by no means necessary1 and1 as is often the case1 the most reasonably furnished room may be the most satisfactory if a little ingenuity and good taste are brought into service4 ,illustration3 ,there are various ways that ,japanese prints may be used in the child's room4 ,this and the opposite illustration show prints put on the wall and held by a molding at top and bottom4 ,this also may contain a glass to protect each picture ,illustration3 ,there are decorations such as this that have an educational value and that take the place of toys4 ,these little figures on the left are really companions1 while the plaster plaque illustrates ,stevenson's ,verses ,illustration3 ,these bas-reliefs make interesting decorations and at the same time serve as object lessons in illustrating good poetry ,thirty to thirty-two dollars can be made to cover the cost of wall-paper1 curtains1 bed and mattress1 a rug and a bureau1 all in sizes and designs suitable for children4 ,the wall-papers in juvenile patterns are not expensive1 and the cost of papering a room of average size would be about five dollars4 ,a little white iron bed may be had for as low as five dollars1 with seven dollars additional for the mattress1 and a rug #c #f feet in size with a decorative border is #c4ej4 ,a bureau of small size1 such as comes in an inexpensive grade of the so-called antique oak1 costs about #h4jj4 ,for the very reason that the furnishings of the room are only temporary1 and soon to be outgrown and discarded1 it is quite satisfactory to buy a cheap grade of furniture whenever possible1 if price is a consideration4 ,a small bureau is less expensive than one made especially in a child's size1 and is equally practical if not so substantially made4 ,such a bureau can be done over in white enamel to match the bed1 or in any dark color that may be preferred in place of the shiny oak finish4 ,for curtains that hang straight from the top of the window to the lower edge of the sash1 scrim at twenty-five cents a yard would cost two dollars4 ,allowing four yards for each of two windows1 and enough printed cretonne to make a decorative border1 it would cost a dollar and a half additional4 ,these figures are of the very lowest for which a child's room can be fitted up1 but even with everything of the most inexpensive grade it will give more real pleasure than one on which a much greater amount has been spent if the room is nondescript in its furnishings and fails to impress the child with a sense of ownership4 ,,sarah ,,leyburn ,,coe ,illustration ,characteristic ,staircase ,types and ,hall ,treatments ,illustration3 ,in the right place half-timber work on plaster has many possibilities for hall decoration ,illustration3 ,japanese grass cloth in golden color is an excellent combination for chestnut stained light brown4 ,wood strips are used instead of paneling ,illustration3 ,in certain old ,colonial halls the entrance is fashioned in a semicircular recess up which the stairs curve in a spiral4 ,the effect is exceedingly beautiful but requires much space ,illustration3 ,the front door in this house opens directly into the living-room1 into which stairs come down at one side4 ,the wood has natural treatment and part of the banister forms the wainscot of the room ,illustration3 ,some of the best ,colonial detail is to be found in newel posts where careful craftsmen worked a variety of spirals ,illustration3 ,one method of securing pleasing decorative effects was the use of balusters in three different designs ,illustration3 ,in the old farmhouses for the sake of warmth the main stairway was made with the smallest possible well and often closed with a door at the main hall ,illustration3 ,this is a modern example by ,wilson ,eyre of the stair well inclosed for the greater part of its length4 ,such arrangement is only possible under certain lighting conditions ,illustration3 ,the stairs that rise from this living-room are designed to take up as little room as possible4 ,in this they are very successful and little of the banister rail and stair woodwork can be seen ,illustration3 ,where there is a large room made dignified by architectural decoration the twin stairways curving either side of a main flight are decidedly impressive2 but one should not plan to make use of this effect in any but a pretentious house ,illustration3 ,the hall paper should not be a decided contrast to rooms opening onto it4 ,tapestry paper may often be found successful in this situation ,illustration3 ,another stairway that divides on the way to the upper flight1 but a treatment particularly fit for houses in ,english style of decoration ,illustration3 ,this view shows to good advantage the value of an archway between living-room and hall4 ,woodwork1 simply carved1 frames in delightfully the stairway which is so appropriately treated with a forest frieze4 ,curtains would be objectionable here ,illustration3 ,this hall is of generous width1 and the stairs rise straight with but one landing lighted by a large window4 ,a window is almost a necessity in the hall as it permits a free circulation of air throughout the house ,illustration3 ,a use of the ,colonial flat arch which separates this stairway from the living-room and makes a small room of it ,illustration3 ,simplicity characterizes this ,colonial stairway that is very similar to the one at the top of page #aad4 ,there is1 however1 a baseboard treatment which1 like the banister rail1 is crowned with mahogany ,illustration3 ,in the recess made by the vestibule the stairway is economically placed4 ,the hall serves the double purpose of entrance and reception room ,illustration ,planning the ,kitchen ,there is a growing and altogether proper tendency to treat the kitchen as an integral part of the house1 which was almost entirely absent in ,english and ,american houses of early times2 in fact1 until within the last twenty-five years very little thought was attached to it4 ,a century ago it was regarded advisable to have the kitchen occupy a separate building somewhat removed from the main building or located at a great distance from the dining or living rooms1 ofttimes the whole length of the house4 ,the principal reason for this was the primitive methods used in cooking and preparing foods which were very objectionable at close range4 ,odors1 noises and unsanitary appliances made the kitchen a place to be abhorred and to be kept as far away as possible4 ,the present-day intelligent methods of dealing with the kitchen1 particularly in ,america1 have effected a complete transformation in this old idea4 ,our modern successful architect of the home attaches great importance to the planning of the kitchen1 with its adjoining pantries1 closets1 storage rooms1 etc42 and rightfully he should1 as it goes more towards making for the convenience1 help and comfort of the up-to-date household than possibly any other feature of the home4 ,the modern ,english kitchen with its relation to the dining-room is interesting for comparison with those here in ,america1 chiefly because the early ,english settlers constitute the original source from which we obtain our start in house-building4 ,the ,english kitchen's adjuncts practically comprise separate departments1 such as the scullery1 larder1 wood1 ashes1 knives and boots1 fuel1 etc4 ,this condition naturally requires the employment of considerable help even in the smaller homes4 ,on the other hand1 the compactness so noticeable in ,american homes--requiring perhaps one-half the space1 thus reducing the necessary help to a minimum and obtaining the maximum of convenience--has brought our kitchen to a standard1 nearly1 if not entirely1 approaching the ideal4 ,the ,american architect has based his idea for this compactness upon the same reasoning as is exercised in fitting up a convenient workshop1 for truly a kitchen is the workshop of the house4 ,again1 the peculiar custom of medieval times in placing the kitchen a considerable distance from the dining-room still survives in the ,english homes1 while in ,american homes a marked difference has long prevailed4 ,the kitchen here is usually placed as near as possible to the dining-room1 only separated1 if at all1 by a china-closet1 pantry1 or butler's room4 ,illustration3 ,the model kitchen has developed considerably from the higgledy-piggledy arrangement of ,colonial times4 ,supplies are limited to the most necessary articles1 and these stored away in a handy location ,illustration3 ,such a kitchen de luxe is expensive1 but not extravagant4 ,the built-in range1 tiled wall and floor1 together with the open plumbing1 give the highest degree of sanitation ,convenience1 cleanliness and ventilation are three essentials that must be paramount in arranging the up-to-date kitchen and its accessories4 ,while there may be differences as to minor details1 the principal features to be obtained in establishing a modern kitchen may be found in the various suggestions herein contained3 #ast4 ,the kitchen should be roomy but not excessively large4 ,this applies to any size of house1 as too large a kitchen is maintained at the expense of convenience and labor4 ,an ideal size for a kitchen in a house measuring #be #ej 7containing living-room1 reception room1 dining-room and pantry on first floor7 would be #ab #ae feet4 #bnd4 ,the general construction of the interior is of the utmost importance4 ,the floor may be of hard ,georgia pine1 oiled1 or covered with linoleum or oilcloth4 ,as a covering1 linoleum of a good inlaid pattern1 while more expensive than oilcloth1 proves the best and most economical in length of service4 ,in a house where comfort is demanded regardless of cost1 an interlocking rubber tiling is suggested4 ,this flooring absolutely avoids noises and slipping and is comfortable to the feet1 as well as being of an exceptional durability4 ,other floors of a well-merited character are unglazed tile1 brick1 or one of the many patented compositions consisting chiefly of cement1 which is also fireproof4 ,the wainscoting1 if adopted for the kitchen1 can be of tile1 enameled brick1 or matched and ,v-jointed boards1 varnished or painted2 but in any event should be connected with the floor in a manner to avoid cracks for collecting dust or dirt4 ,this is accomplished 7when a wooden wainscot is used7 by means of a plain rounded molding which is set in the rightangle formed by the junction of the floor with the wainscot4 ,while seldom seen1 because of the expense1 a kitchen completely tiled or bricked on walls1 floor and ceiling is indeed a thing of beauty and necessarily an ideally sanitary room4 ,illustration3 ,the sink should have a drainboard space and be located where the light may fall directly upon it4 ,the row of hooks for utensils saves much walking ,the doors1 window frames1 dressers and other necessary woodwork should be plain1 made of medium wood and painted some light color or enameled white2 or finished in the natural state with a transparent varnish4 ,illustration3 ,the butler's pantry should have an indirect connection between the kitchen and the dining-room4 ,the two doors here keep out odors1 noise and heat from the dining-room4 ,the refrigerator is in the cook's pantry and opens out on the porch ,the walls and ceiling1 if not tiled or bricked1 should be finished with a hard smooth plaster and painted three or four coats of some light color--light yellow1 green1 or blue making a very agreeable color to the eye4 ,this manner of treatment permits the walls to be washed and kept free from dust and dirt1 which latter is a disagreeable feature in the use of wall papers4 #crd4 ,the proper installation of the various furnishings of the kitchen is worthy of much thought and consideration4 ,of all these1 nothing is of more vital importance nor appeals more strongly to the household than the range4 ,the size of the range is largely governed by the size of the house or the number of persons it is intended to serve4 ,however1 it is advisable to have a range not less than three feet square for a seven or eight-room house4 ,it should be of a thoroughly modern style1 with a hood over it1 either built in or of sheet iron1 an excellent provision for drawing away the steam and fumes of cooking4 ,and1 by all means1 the range should be placed so that direct daylight falls upon it4 ,most present-day houses also have either gas or electric ranges installed in them and these should be near the coal range so as to confine all cooking to one part of the kitchen2 and further1 especially in winter when large gatherings are entertained1 they furnish a combined service4 ,some large establishments1 in addition to the range1 are especially equipped with warmers4 ,illustration3 ,the modern kitchen may be neat and clean if all of wood1 with ,v-matched boards varnished or painted4 ,the space under the drainboard here for a table is a feature worth adopting4 ,the cupboard over the shelf is also an attractive feature ,the sink1 being so closely allied in its usefulness to the range1 should be placed near the latter and under1 between or near windows1 but never where the person using it would have his back to the light4 ,it may be of galvanized iron1 copper1 soapstone or enameled porcelain1 and provided with an ample draining-board2 two being much preferred4 ,if there is a special sink for vegetables required1 it should be immediately adjoining the draining-board to insure compactness and convenience as well as economy in plumbing4 ,the draining-board may be of hard wood or of wood covered with copper or zinc4 ,the best are made of enameled ware similar to the sinks4 ,draining-boards of copper or zinc should be given only a slight slope to prevent the possibility of dishes slipping therefrom4 ,illustration3 ,a feature of this plan is the sliding door connecting the kitchen and pantry4 ,this may be closed when cooking is in progress and successfully keeps all odors from finding their way into the dining-room4 ,opposite windows provide a cross draft and excellent ventilation ,the refrigerator should be built in or placed against an outside wall in order that the ice can be put in easily from without through either a small opening or window4 ,if it can be avoided1 the refrigerator should not be placed immediately in the kitchen1 but rather in the entry1 pantry or enclosed porch4 ,the kitchen of the small house which sometimes has no communicating pantry should have built therein dressers of such proportions as will accommodate all the necessary dishes1 pots1 vessels1 bins for flour1 sugar1 etc41 cutlery1 and other things essential for obtaining the best results under the circumstances4 ,a dresser of commodious size is always a blessing4 ,the top portion1 of plain shelves1 should be enclosed either with doors or sliding glass fronts2 the lower portion1 first lined with zinc and enclosed with solid wooden doors so constructed to fit nearly if not airtight4 ,if an exclusive pot closet is desired1 it should be handy to the range and at the same time be under cover for sanitary reasons4 ,illustration3 ,this ,german kitchen is a model of neatness and cleanliness in its white enamel furnishings4 ,the cupboard provides space for china1 the long shelf beneath being a great convenience1 while the various bins and drawers provide proper places for everything ,frequently in a small kitchen a counter or drop leaves against the wall are substituted for a table1 but in most kitchens a good-sized substantial table1 preferably in the center of the room1 is found indispensable4 ,the table should have a smooth top that can be easily kept clean4 ,although costly1 a heavy plate glass fitted perfectly with rounded edges makes a splendid top for the table4 ,the service part of the house1 of which the kitchen is the central room1 should fit together just as parts of a machine and form a unit in themselves4 ,the pantries1 store rooms1 etc41 should be placed so as to afford easy access one to the other4 ,in a house1 which has two or more servants1 a dining-room or alcove should be provided for their use4 ,this may be a part of the kitchen or immediately adjoining1 and merely large enough to seat comfortably the servants around a table4 ,illustration3 ,a kitchen in a large country place that is equipped with every possible convenience1 sliding doors1 built-in refrigerator1 clothes chute1 dumbwaiter and a revolving drum between kitchen and butler's pantry4 ,there is also provision made for a servants' dining-room1 advisable wherever possible ,the cook's pantry should contain cupboards in which are all the necessary paraphernalia for preparing pastries1 puddings1 etc41 such as bins1 bakeboards1 crockery1 pans and supplies1 and should be lighted by at least one window4 ,the butler's pantry1 or china-closet as it is often called--generally located and affording direct communication between the kitchen and the dining-room--is essentially a serving-room and should contain a sink with draining-boards1 cupboards and shelves to accommodate the fine china1 glassware and other requisites for the table4 ,with such a plan the door between the pantry and kitchen may be either sliding or double swinging1 but between the pantry and the dining-room1 a noiseless double-swinging door4 ,a slide1 with small shelves or counters on either side1 between the kitchen and pantry1 for the passing of food and dishes1 saves time and steps4 ,it is well to have the communication rather indirect through the pantry to prevent in a measure the passage of odors or a direct view of the kitchen by those entering the dining-room or seated at the table4 ,this can be partly accomplished by not having the communicating doors directly opposite each other4 ,illustration3 ,the kitchen need not be large1 if it is compact4 ,in the house #be #ej the ideal size is about #ac #ae4 ,a work table of this sort does away with many unnecessary steps1 the lower shelf being a convenient place to put articles that are in constant use ,the outside entrance to the kitchen should be so placed as to facilitate the delivery of provisions1 preferably through an entry or an enclosed porch4 ,the laundry in many houses is combined with the kitchen or immediately adjoining1 in which latter case it often serves as an entry and a place to store certain articles1 such as brooms1 buckets and possibly the refrigerator4 ,the very best plan is to have the laundry in the basement1 with separate outside stairs4 ,in such a case1 a chute for sending soiled linen1 etc41 should run from the kitchen or pantry to the laundry4 ,illustration3 ,the butler's pantry or serving-room should be equipped with a cupboard and sink in order that the finer glass ware can be stored and the more fragile articles be washed without finding their way into the kitchen ,illustration3 ,a rather unusual plan1 in which great economy of space is made by building the service stairs about the chimney4 ,the pantry is exceedingly well arranged in that it takes up no room from the kitchen or the dining-room ,illustration3 ,plaster walls should be finished with a hard surface and given several coats of a waterproof paint4 ,the shelves beneath the sink here provide a place useful and easily accessible ,the kitchen should above all be well ventilated and have plenty of daylight4 ,the necessary fumes and heat arising from the cooking should be taken care of in such a way that none of it is carried to the dining-room or to other parts of the house4 ,this can partly be accomplished by the hood over the range1 but plenty of fresh air is required4 ,generally in country homes1 the living-rooms are given the southern exposure1 so the kitchen usually faces the north4 ,the best location is either the northern or eastern exposure1 as the cooling breezes in the summer generally come from that direction1 especially in this part of the country1 and combined with the morning sun1 make the kitchen cheerful and cool4 ,if possible there should be exposure on at least two sides1 opposite1 affording cross ventilation as well as an abundance of light4 ,all windows should be well fitted with screens in summer to keep out flies and other insects attracted by the odors of cooking4 ,the best artificial lighting is obtained by a reflector in the center of the kitchen1 possibly with side brackets where necessary1 as at the sink or at the range4 ,illustration3 ,a very novel kitchen cupboard is this1 with the shelf space in the doors giving almost a double capacity4 ,the bread board slides beneath a shelf and is provided with handles ,in a large house the service portion may be situated in a separate wing and if so the stairs should be in a small hall1 centrally located and near the kitchen1 especially the stairs to the cellar4 ,this hall may contain a closet for brooms and a lavatory for the use of the servants4 ,it it well not to have the stairway ascending directly from the kitchen1 as it lessens the valuable wall space4 ,the rooms directly over the kitchen can best be utilized in most cases for servants' sleeping rooms as they are often objectionable for members of the household1 or guests4 ,,james ,,earle ,,miller 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,italic text is denoted by underscores1 bold text by equals signs4