,,vocational ,,s]ies ,,edit$ ,,by ,e4 ,,h]%ey ,,snea?1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,,yale ,,univ]sity ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,j\rnalism ,,vocational ,,s]ies ,,edit$ ,,by ,e4 ,,h]%ey ,,snea? ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,,yale ,,univ]sity ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,! ,,law4 ,,simeon ,e4 ,,baldw94 ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,tea*+4 ,,h5ry ,,p>ks ,,wright4 ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,civil ,,eng9e]+4 ,,george ,,fillmore ,,swa94 ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,j\rnalism4 ,,*e/] ,s4 ,,"l4 ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,j\rnalism ,,by ,,*e/] ,s4 ,,"l1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,= =ty-"o ye>s a memb] ( ! /aff ( ! ,new ,york ,sun & = ?irty-?ree ye>s 7#ahhj-aiac7 its manag+ editor ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aibb ,all rights res]v$ ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,copyright1 #aibb1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up & pr9t$4 ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aibb4 ,press ( ,j4 ,j4 ,little ,ives ,company ,new ,york1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,editor',s ,,prospectus ,"o ( ! mo/ important decisions a "y man is call$ ^u to make relates to ! det]m9ation ( 8 life-"w4 ,x is fraught ) s]i\s consequ5ce = him4 ,x involves ! possibilities ( success & failure4 ,! social ord] is su* t he c be/ realize 8 ends by ! pursuit ( a vocation4 ,x unifies 8 purposes & endeavors--mak+ !m c\nt = mo/ 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce & = mat]ial welf>e4 ,x furni%es /eady employm5t at a def9ite task z aga9/ *angeable ef=t & an un/able task4 ,?is makes = sup]ior skill & great] effici5cy :i* result 9 a l>g] ga9 to himself & 9 a m g5u9e contribution to ! economic _w4 ,b a man's vocation relates to a mu* wid] sph]e ?an ! economic4 ,x is intimately associat$ ) ! totality ( 8 int]e/s4 ,x is 9 a v real s5se ! c5t] ( mo/ ( 8 relations 9 life4 ,8 intellectual int]e/s are s]i\sly dep5d5t ^u 8 vocational c>e]4 ,n only does ! atta9m5t ( skill & effici5cy call = ! acquisition ( k & developm5t ( judgm5t1 b ! leisure t is s ess5tial to ! pursuit ( ^? intellectual ends :i* are a necess>y "p ( 8 g5]al culture is1 9 turn1 dep5d5t1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ^u ! skill & effici5cy t he acquires 9 8 vocation4 ,nor are 8 social int]e/s less dep5d5t ^u 8 life-"w4 ,m5 pursu+ ! same call+ con/itute 9 a peculi> s5se a great frat]nity or bro!rhood b\nd toge!r by common int]e/s & aims4 ,^! condition mu* ( 8 social developm5t4 ,8 wid] social relation%ips also are dep5d5t1 9 a l>ge measure1 on ! success t he atta9s 9 8 *os5 field ( labor4 ,ev5 8 moral & spiritual int]e/s are vitally c5t]$ 9 8 vocation4 ,! developm5t ( w1 ! /eady+ ( purpose1 ! unfold+ ( ideals1 ! cultivation ( vocational virtues1 su* z indu/ry1 fidelity1 ord]1 hone/y1 prud5ce1 ?rift1 pati5ce1 p]si/5ce1 c\rage1 self-reliance1 etc4--all ( ?is makes trem5d\sly = 8 moral & spiritual developm5t4 ,! vocationless man1 no matt] to :at class he belongs1 suff]s a great moral & spiritual disadvantage4 ,8 life lacks idealization & is !re=e want+ 9 unity & high moralization4 ,8 *angeable task1 ) its *angeable ef=ts1 does n af=d s good an opportunity = ! developm5t ( ! economic & social virtues z t af=d$ ! man :o pursues a def9ite life-"w4 ,x lacks also t discipl9e--n only m5tal1 b moral--:i* ! atta9m5t ( vocational skill & effici5cy involves4 ,b not)/&+ ! important issues involv$ 9 a man's vocational c>e]1 little has be5 done 9 a practical or sy/ematic way to help our college "y m5 to a wise decision 9 ! det]m9ation ( _! life-"w4 ,comm5dable ef=ts are be+ put =? 9 our public s*ools 9 ?is direction1 b v little1 inde$1 has be5 done 9 ?is respect 9 ! sph]e ( high] education4 ,to any "o famili> ) ! /ruggles ( ! av]age college /ud5t 9 8 ef=ts to settle ?is weighty "q = himself1 ! p]plexities1 emb>rassm5t1 & app>5t helplessness are pa!tic4 ,?is is due l>gely to 8 ignorance ( ! nature ( ! pr(essions & o!r vocations :i* appeal mo/ /rongly to ! college man4 ,consequ5tly1 he does n "k h[ to e/imate 8 fitness = !m4 ,he _c advise to any ext5t ) 8 fa!r1 because he repres5ts only "o vocation4 ,nei!r c he advise advantage\sly ) 8 in/ructor = he1 too1 is famili> ) ! nature ( only "o pr(ession4 ,= ?is reason1 a s]ies ( books1 deal+ ) ! lead+ vocations1 & prep>$ by m5 ( l>ge ability & exp]i5ce1 capable ( giv+ wise c\nsel1 is a desid]atum4 ,su* m5 are compet5t to expla9 ! nature & divisions ( ! p>ticul> vocations :i* !y repres5t1 ! p]sonal & educational qualifications necess>y = a successful pursuit ( ! same1 ! advantages & disadvantages1 ! difficulties & temptations1 ! opportunities & ideals2 ?us1 9 an adequate way1 enabl+ ! /ud5t to e/imate 8 own fitness = !m4 ,!y are also able to make valuable sugge/ions relat+ to ! man's "w aft] he ent]s ^u 8 vocation4 ,=tunately1 9 ! pres5t ,s]ies1 ! ,editor has be5 able to secure ! s]vices ( "s ( ! mo/ em95t exp]ts 9 ! c\ntry to prep>e ! respective volumes--m5 ( l>ge k & exp]i5ce1 :o h atta9$ wide recognition & g5u9e success 9 _! 8call+s40 ,x is a pleasure to be able to place at ! comm& ( ! _m ?\s&s ( /ud5ts 9 our ,am]ican colleges ! wise c\nsel ( su* exp]i5c$ & di/+ui%$ m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! 8,vocational ,s]ies0 w consi/ ( twelve books writt5 by repres5tatives ( diff]5t vocations1 z foll[3 #a4 ,! ,"y ,man & ! ,law ,hon4 ,simeon ,e4 ,baldw91 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,law1 ,em]itus1 ,yale ,univ]sity1 ex-,gov]nor & ex-,*ief ,ju/ice ( ,connecticut #b4 ,! ,"y ,man & ! ,m9i/ry ,rev4 ,*>les ,r4 ,br[n1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,dean ( ! ,div9ity ,s*ool1 ,yale ,univ]sity #c4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,tea*+ ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,p>ks ,wright1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ,em]itus & =m]ly ,dean ( ,yale ,college #d4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,m$ic9e ,lewellys ,f4 ,b>k]1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,m$ic9e & ,*ief ,physician1 ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity #e4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,j\rnalism ,*e/] ,s&]s ,"l1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 =m]ly ,manag+ ,editor1 ,new ,york ,sun #f4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,bank+ ,hon4 ,frank ,a4 ,v&]lip1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d41 =m]ly ,presid5t ( ! ,city ,national ,bank1 ,new ,york #g4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,bus9ess #h4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,me*anical ,eng9e]+ ,le/] ,p4 ,breck5ridge1 ,m4,a41 ,eng4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]+1 ,%effield ,sci5tific ,s*ool1 ,yale ,univ]sity #i4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,electrical ,eng9e]+ ,*>les ,f4 ,scott1 ,sc4,d41 ,eng4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,electrical ,eng9e]+1 ,%effield ,sci5tific ,s*ool1 ,yale ,univ]sity #aj4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,civil ,eng9e]+ ,george ,f4 ,swa91 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,civil ,eng9e]+1 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity #aa4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,f>m+ ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey1 ,m4,s41 ,,ll4,d41 =m]ly ,director ( ,college ( ,agriculture1 ,cornell ,univ]sity1 & ,editor ( ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture1 ,rural ,sci5ce ,s]ies1 ,g>d5 ,craft ,s]ies1 ,rural ,text-,book ,s]ies1 ,cyclop$ia ( ,agriculture1 etc4 #ab4 ,! ,"y ,man & ,gov]nm5t ,s]vice ,hon4 ,william ,h[>d ,taft1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41 ex-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,*ief ,ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ,e4 ,,h]%ey ,,snea?4 ,,by ,,way ,,( ,,explanation ,! sole object ( ! foll[+ *apt]s is to tell a "y man :at is likely to happ5 to him if he goes into ! newspap] bus9ess4 ,_m "y m5 ?9k ( ent]+ j\rnalism1 b j\rnalism is to !m a maze ( my/]y4 ,:at does x (f] z a pr(ession or a vocation8 !y ask4 ,:at is ! nature ( ! bus9ess8 ,:at are its rew>ds8 ,naturally en\gh !y cont9ue to wond] :at k9d ( prep>atory /udy is desirable4 ,h[ does a "y man make a beg9n+ & h[ does ! beg9n] make progress8 ,:at are ! recogniz$ /&>ds ( newspap] success8 ,h[ is news collect$ & prep>$ = ! public8 ,h[ is a newspap] conduct$8 ,:at are ! duties ( ea* memb] ( a big newspap] /aff8 ,:at goes on 9 a newspap] (fice1 anyway8 ,! book 0 begun ) ! int5tion ( answ]+ "s ( ^! qu]ies1 b x gradually drift$ into talk ab\t v>i\s phases & features ( ! bus9ess4 ,! orig9al int5tion has n be5 lo/ sight (1 h[ev]4 ,! purpose is to indicate :at j\rnalism (f]s to a "y man z a means ( livelihood4 ,x seeks nei!r to glorify nor to disp>age ! newspap]4 ,! book is elem5t>y3 n int5d$ or expect$ to int]e/ or in=m newspap] editors ( exp]i5ce4 ,c4 ,s4 ,l4 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 ,n9ete5 hundr$ & tw5ty two4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,beg9n+ ,,9 ,,newspap] ,,"w--,,! ,,report]',s ,,fir/ ,,exp]i5ces--,,8 ,,progress--,,unpleasant ,,tasks #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,news ,,& ,,its ,,prep>ation ,,= ,,pr9t #bi ,,iii4 ,,newspap] ,,composition--,,! ,,art ,,( ,,writ+ ,,9 ,,simple ,,yet ,,ent]ta9+ ,,fa%ion #ea ,,iv4 ,,! ,,fasc9ation ,,( ,,writ+ ,,= ,,! ,,editorial ,,page #gd ,v4 ,,:at ,,to ,,pr9t--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,h[ ,,to ,,int]e/ ,,& ,,in=m ,,! ,,read] #hg ,,vi4 ,,! ,,pleas+ ,,exp]i5ces ,,( ,,! ,,=eign ,,correspond5t #ajf ,,vii4 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,press #aae ,,viii4 ,,! ,,village ,,newspap]',s ,,important ,,place ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,j\rnalism #abe ,,ix4 ,,! ,,daily ,,newspap] ,,9 ,,! ,,small ,,city #ach ,x4 ,,! ,,rew>ds ,,( ,,j\rnalism--,,!y ,,are ,,f\nd ,,*iefly ,,9 ,,cong5ial ,,employm5t #add ,,xi4 ,,newspap] ,,influ5ce--,,ways ,,( ,,p]suad+ ,,! ,,public--,,community ,,s]vice ,,& ,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,gov]nm5t #aei ,,xii4 ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,specialty--,,great ,,advantage ,,foll[s ,,! ,,ma/]y ,,( ,,two ,,or ,,?ree ,,subjects #agi ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,activities ,,& ,,patriotic ,,s]vice ,,( ,,newspap]s ,,9 ,,times ,,( ,,w> #ahe ,,xiv4 ,,newspap] ,,hi/ory--,,! ,,mod]n ,,newspap] #aig ,,! ,,"y ,,man ,,& ,,j\rnalism ,,*apt] ,i ,,beg9n+ ,,9 ,,newspap] ,,"w--,,! ,,report]',s ,,fir/ ,,exp]i5ces--,,unpleasant ,,tasks ,! beg9n] 9 newspap] "w usually />ts z a report] ( ! simple/ & mo/ unimportant k9d ( r\t9e news4 ,! city editor tells him :at to d & h[ to d x4 ,! />t is made easy = him4 ,! prevail+ supposition t report]s g out into ! /reets & hunt = news is f> f fact4 ,!y d s 9 ! small cities b n = big newspap]s4 ,newsga!r+ has become va/ly sy/ematiz$4 ,n9ete5 tw5tie?s ( ! news comes ?r\gh e/abli%$ *annels ( in=mation & ?is expla9s :y ne>ly all newspap]s h ! same facts4 ,! s\rces ( in=mation are kn[n 9 all newspap] (fices4 ,if a man falls dead 9 ! /reet1 or a fire />ts 9 an important build+1 or an automobile cru%es a *ild1 or any?+ unusual happ5s 9 any /reet1 x is kn[n to e city editor )9 a few m9utes2 = a policeman reports x to police headqu>t]s imm$iately1 & report]s grab x4 ,simil>ly1 %ipp+ news is s5t to ! %ip-news (fice2 cases ( sudd5 or unexpla9$ dea? mu/ be made public by (ficial physicians2 public p>ades & demon/rations are anticipat$ ?r\gh ! p]mit bureau1 & s on4 ,all day & all night ?is k9d ( news p\rs 9 to ! city editor4 ,) almo/ in/ant judgm5t he decides on its news value1 disc>ds x or hu/les a report] = ! details4 ,! new man gets ! lea/ important ( ?is k9d ( "w4 ,! city editor keeps a future book--l milady's engagem5t cal5d>--9 :i* "u prop] date he records ! ev5ts to be ( t day3 bus9ess meet+s1 conv5tions1 adj\rn$ cases1 public d9n]s1 ev]y?+ & any?+ requir+ ! pres5ce ( a report]4 ,x is "o ( ! important factors ( ! newsgett+ sy/em4 ,its prop] keep+ involves con/ant drudg]y & pa9/ak+ c>e 9 ! read+ ( newspap]s = ann\ncem5ts or = clews to any?+ t is to happ54 ,he reads1 = in/ance1 t an important bus9ess meet+ has appo9t$ a special committee to report at ! next meet+2 b no date ( ! next meet+ is giv54 ,s he asks ! new report]1 maybe1 to asc]ta9 & record x 9 ! future book4 ,! new man does _m su* err&s1 v]ifies _m /atem5ts ( fact1 *ases d[n _m rumors4 ,9 ! great blizz>d ( ,m>*1 #ahhh1 :5 all transportation l9es 9 ,new ,york ,city 7 ab&on$ came ! /ory t sev]al fun]al processions 7 sn[$ "u 9 ,gre5wood cemet]y4 ,a new report] 0 s5t4 ,he toil$ ?r\gh /orm & sn[ wai/ deep to ! burial place & back1 a task requir+ some?+ l six h\rs to accompli%1 & end$ ! day's exp]i5ce by ?aw+ out 8 froz5 feet 9 a bucket ( wat]4 ,& :at he wrote 03 8,! rumor t ?ree fun]al processions 7 sn[$ "u 9 ,gre5wood cemet]y 0 f\nd on inve/igation to be untrue40 ,! city editor has _m s\rces ( in=mation simil> to ^? j m5tion$4 ,9 ! big cities he is responsible = gett+ ! news ( ! urban di/rict1 a task t involves almo/ e k9d ( newsgett+4 ,?is is especially true ( ,new ,york ,city1 = tak5 all 9 all ne>ly ev]y?+ happ5s 9 ,new ,york t c happ5 any:]e4 ,x is ( metropolitan report+ t we are speak+ j n[4 ,! new report] is ask$ to make news reports ( ! simple/ ( happ5+s4 ,! n>ration ( ord9>y ev5ts is ! easie/ ( all newspap] writ+4 ,any intellig5t high s*ool boy c cat* ! knack ( x & _m a bright newspap] (fice boy has gone on to bett] ?+s by absorb+ t knack4 ,x is easy to acquire because x may be l>gely imitative--t is1 almo/ all r\t9e news reports are writt5 9 ! same groove ( con/ruction & 9 v mu* ! same language1 ye> 9 & ye> out1 = news topics con/antly repeat !mselves4 ,by r\t9e reports are meant acc\nts ( public meet+s1 conv5tions1 legislative proce$+s1 trials 9 ! c\rts1 m>ket reports1 accid5ts1 fires1 suicides & petty crimes4 ,^! ?+s are ( ! utmo/ importance to ! newspap]s4 ,!y con/itute a l>ge proportion ( ! news ( ! day4 ,!y are ! v life ( ! news columns z pres5t+ a record ( ! day's ev5ts4 ,!y are easy to write because !y are writt5 9 ! same mann] day aft] day = !y are con/antly recurr+4 ,! puzzl$ "y writ] _c g f> a/ray if he turns back 9 ! newspap] files to a simil> meet+ or accid5t or ev5t & imitates t report4 ,b let him be w>n$ t if he cont9ues to "w 9 t way he becomes a r\t9e writ]1 a hack report]1 & 8 advancem5t ceases4 ,x is 9 ?is deadly dull r\t9e writ+ ( r\t9e news t we h our poore/ & mo/ slov5ly newspap] results4 ,! indiff]5t "w done 9 ?is direction is m conspicu\s 9 ! ,london newspap]s ?an 9 our own = !re news reports h be5 r$uc$ almo/ to =mula4 ,we h said t ! dates ( fix$ ev5ts to come are accumulat$ 9 ! future book--meet+s ( all sorts1 lectures1 balls1 sport+ conte/s1 celebrations1 c]emonials1 excursions & ! l1 ( :i* ! numb] & ! v>iety are innum]able4 ,to ea* ( ^! a report] is s5t4 ,usually he is told be=e he />ts ab\t h[ long an article is expect$ ( him4 ,b he is *>g$ to note especially any?+ unusual1 odd1 /range1 or que] t may happ5 or be said4 ,& always he mu/ report to ! desk1 be=e he beg9s to write1 = in/ructions z to ! exact l5g? ( 8 article4 ,(t5 two or ?ree report]s are s5t to a big meet+1 "o to write ! introduction1 ano!r ! fir/ half ( ! speak+ & a ?ird ! rema9+ "p ( ! proce$+s4 ,?is is to save "t2 & (t5 ! fir/ half has be5 writt5 & is 9 type be=e ! la/ man has quit ! meet+4 ,likewise 9 cases ( big disa/]s1 big celebrations1 big sport+ ev5ts1 six or eight m5 are s5t1 ea* ) a def9ite "p to cov]4 ,ea* writes 8 "p & ! copy read] dovetails !m toge!r into "o cont9u\s article4 ,team "w ( ?is sort is common en\gh 9 big (fices4 ,! new report] gets 8 fl+ at all ( ?is k9d ( "w4 ,if he has ! g5u9e newspap] _s he is fasc9at$ by 8 e exp]i5ce4 ,he se>*es ! pap] eag]ly = ! bit he has contribut$4 ,) a gl[ ( satisfaction he contemplates 8 little record ( a news ev5t /&+ out 9 cle> type1 & he reads x aga9 ) ^? %iv]y gu/s ( emotion sometimes call$ 8! ?rill ( au?or%ip40 ,aft] a "t1 f ! writ+ ( petty p>agraphs1 he f9ds himself contribut+ articles a ?ird or a half a column 9 l5g?4 ,! old] m5 beg9 to notice 8 "w1 speak to him 9 praise ( a well-con/ruct$ s5t5ce or a nicety ( v]bal expression1 ask him to come along ) !m to ! bean]y = a ta/e ( c(fee & cakes be=e go+ home = ! night4 ,he beg9s to p>ticipate 9 t mo/ helpful & /imulat+ ?+--! comrade%ip ( ! (fice4 ,he comes daily 9 contact ) =ty or fifty m5--g>rul\s vet]ans1 & middle-ag$ m>vels1 & y\?ful g5iuses :o are do+ all k9ds ( newspap] /unts f con/ruct+ pond]\s editorial articles & criticisms to exploit+ ,! ,/iletto 9 ,/anton ,/reet or ,! ,bludgeon on ! ,batt]y4 ,^! m5 are good-natur$ critics ( ea* o!r's "w & n less ready to praise ?an to condemn or "q4 ,!y take int]e/ 9 a new man ( promise & help him4 ,!y read ! newspap]s & ! p]iodicals1 & ! new books--= an intimate k ( contemporane\s ev5ts is ess5tial to _! progress4 ,!re are few dull>ds among !m1 few )\t positive op9ions & a vocabul>y to express !m4 ,our "y man greatly enjoys _! explosive comm5ts & _! f]oci\s conclusions4 ,!y are s al]t1 s alive to ev]y?+ t is go+ on4 ,_! conv]sation is s int]e/+ to him4 ,! atmosph]e is sur*>g$ ) good fell[%ip4 ,nobody is tak+ himself v s]i\sly yet ev]ybody is do+ some?+ 9 a bus9esslike way4 ,someh[ ?+s are diff]5t 9 ! newspap] (fice f :at he _h expect$4 ,! bus9ess ( report+ becomes m fasc9at+ z ! report]1 ga9+ 9 skill & 9 ability1 a*ieves to high] grade "w4 ,to write ( big & important ev5ts becomes 8 ambition4 ,x gives him pre/ige among 8 fell[s1 = x is ! managem5t's te/imonial ( confid5ce 9 him4 ,n until aft] c>eful consid]ation does ! manag+ editor "n ! m5 :o are to report a national political conv5tion1 or ! inauguration ( a presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or a great celebration4 ,! v be/ memb]s ( ! /aff are summon$ to write ( su* ev5ts & ! assignm5t comes to be consid]$ z an (fice rew>d ( m]it4 ,to d ! big ?+ ( ! day is "o ( ! prizes ( ! reportorial bus9ess4 ,inde$1 x may be said ( ! newspap] man1 t f 8 e>lie/ beg9n+s always !re is some?+ high] to be atta9$ until he becomes ! editor 9 *ief4 ,9 ! newspap] (fices ( cities ( ! l>g] size1 report]s develop into desk editors1 city editors1 manag+ editors1 music or dramatic or book critics1 or editorial writ]s4 ,_m pref] to d outside "w r ?an become editors or critics--pref] to write = ! news columns1 to m+le ) ! outside _w & take "p 9 its /irr+ ev5ts r ?an face ! r\t9e & ! monotony ( desk "w4 ,!y are especially int]e/$ 9 tak+ an out ( t[n commission = ! inve/igation ( a subject ( wide importance--a rebellion 9 ,mexico1 an upris+ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t 9 ,cuba1 a crisis 9 ,canadian politics1 a conflict betwe5 labor & capital 9 ,colorado1 a sociali/ic /ruggle 9 ,s*5ectady4 ,su* assignm5ts call = ?or\gh inve/igation at fir/ h& on ! spot1 call = an acqua9tance ) ! lead]s ( ! movem5t t frequ5tly becomes famili> & la/+1 call = practical intimate /udy ( ! convulsion itself4 ,in=mation ?us ga9$ may1 aft] its publication 9 ! newspap]1 be us$ aga9 9 magaz9es1 9 books ( record or 9 fiction4 ,! special writ]1 = in/ance1 :o sp5ds a mon? ) ! /rik+ m9]s 9 ! ,mi*igan copp] di/rict comes to "k mu* ab\t life & labor !re1 ab\t ! copp] indu/ry1 m9+ me?ods1 ! relation ( ! price ( copp] to m9]s' wages1 ! smelt+ ( ore1 ! transportation ( ! raw & ! f9i%$ product & a ?\s& o!r details ( ! bus9ess4 ,! newspap]s d a va/ am\nt ( ?is k9d ( "w4 ,its prop] exploitation necessitates intellig5t treatm5t by ! writ]4 ,8 in=mation =ms ! basis = editorial comm5t1 n only by ! editors ( 8 own newspap] b by ^? ( o!r %eets1 ! p]iodical press1 magaz9es & reviews2 & also frequ5tly x leads to gov]nm5t inve/igation or int]f]5ce or regulation4 ,two or ?ree ye>s ( ?is k9d ( "w give a l>ge fund ( in=mation to ! writ]4 ,x is ( immeasurable s]vice to him z long z he lives4 ,likewise ! man :o writes = ! news columns on national politics f9ds himself mo/ agreeably employ$4 ,9 reality he is a speciali/4 ,all ( 8 "t is requir$ to keep apace ) ! kaleidoscopic *anges ( ,am]ican political life4 ,he mu/ be famili> ) ! important politics ( e /ate & e big city1 = !y h imm$iate relation to ! politics ( ! nation4 ,to t end he makes _m j\rneys4 ,8 mo/ valuable asset is p]sonal acqua9tance ) public m5--! m5 :o make politics & political hi/ory--& ! m intimate ! acqua9tance ! m int]e/ & confid5ce he may be able to inspire4 ,! political writ] seeks to meet public m5 on e possible occasion1 seeks to keep 9 t\* ) !m & ) ! politics !y repres5t4 ,if a conspicu\s political lead] 9 a ,we/]n /ate goes ,ea/ x w be a "p ( 8 r\t9e to see ! political writ]s4 ,) !m he goes ov] ! political situation ( 8 region1 tells !m j :at is go+ on & :at is contemplat$4 ,"s ( ! talk is confid5tial1 & ! writ] keeps ! confid5ce4 ,9 turn ! writ]s int]e/ him 9 :at !y "k ( ! politics ( ! ,ea/ & ( o!r /ates4 ,9 ?is way--s briefly indicat$--! political writ] comes to compreh5d ! politics ( ! nation4 ,he mu/ read all obta9able political lit]ature & mu/ absorb political in=mation f any s\rce at h&4 ,z said else:]e 9 ?is book1 y _c le>n politics f a textbook2 y mu/ absorb ! politics ( ! day by a /udy ( ! ev5ts ( ! day1 & great m5tal ability is requir$ to keep apace ) !m4 ,political conclusions made to-day are upset by ! ev5ts ( to-morr[4 ,! issues ( "o election are =gott5 9 ! burn+ que/ions ( ! next4 ,! newspap]s & ! p]iodical press are great s\rces ( in=mation1 b great] ?an ^! is association by ! newspap] writ] ) ! m5 :o are mak+ politics4 ,! writ] ( national politics makes frequ5t trips to ,wa%+ton4 ,he goes to ! national political conv5tions & to _m ( ! /ate conv5tions4 ,he is call$ on to write sket*es ( important c&idates & obitu>y notices ( /atesm54 ,8 op9ions & 8 in=mation are s\ght by editorial writ]s & by public m5 !mselves4 ,! magaz9es ask him = special articles4 ,! political manag]s pay him = campaign lit]ature4 ,! great] 8 exp]i5ce ! m 8 s]vices are 9 dem&4 ,n infrequ5tly he is call$ into p>ty c\ncils or is entru/$ ) delicate political missions4 ,c&idates & lead]s seek 8 advice & 8 influ5ce4 ,presid5ts1 cab9et (fic]s1 s5ators1 gov]nors & mayors tempt him to quit newspap] writ+ to become _! secret>ies--& ^! places are usually /epp+ /ones to high] public life4 ,sev]al presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h *os5 newspap] writ]s to be _! private secret>ies1 half ( ! gov]nors ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 & ne>ly e mayor ( ,new ,york ,city h drawn _! secret>ies f ! ranks ( newspap] writ]s4 ,moreov] writ]s on national politics frequ5tly are call$ to ! po/ ( ,wa%+ton correspond5t1 & "h too1 9 yet great] degree1 are ^! same requirem5ts ess5tial to success4 ,wa%+ton is ! headqu>t]s ( national politics4 ,ne>ly e congressman is a political lead] 9 8 home di/rict z well z 9 8 /ate1 & 8 activities & ambitions are quick5$ 9 ! national capital4 ,x is ! place ( all places to /udy political movem5t4 ,! correspond5t enjoys ! p]sonal acqua9tance ( presid5ts1 cab9et (fic]s1 =eign diplomats1 ! mak]s ( p>ty policies1 ! fram]s ( adm9i/rative measures1 & f !m he comes to "k :at !y are do+4 ,_m /ate secrets are told to him 9 confid5ce2 to betray t confid5ce is to make him p]sona non grata & to de/roy ! possibility ( gett+ additional in=mation4 ,! supposition t ! newspap] writ] pr9ts ev]y?+ he he>s is silly4 ,inde$1 public m5 h come to "k t a safe way to keep a political secret is to tell x to ! newspap] correspond5ts ) ! injunction t x is n to be pr9t$4 ,9 addition to ! ga!r+ ( political in=mation ! ,wa%+ton correspond5t writes ( ! do+s ( ,congress4 ,?is ( c\rse involves /udy ( public que/ions1 ! burn+ que/ions ( ! day4 ,x furni%es a volume ( in=mation to ! "y man :o is to cont9ue 8 c>e] z a j\rnali/ or :o may turn to public or pr(essional life1 involv+1 z x does1 /udy ( eng9e]+ triumphs l ! ,panama canal1 public improvem5ts l ! developm5t ( ,we/]n irrigation1 t>iff *anges1 taxation1 national bank+ sy/ems1 ! problems ( dome/ic %ipp+ & =eign comm]ce4 ,! correspond5t comes to "k ab\t diplomacy1 ! mak+ ( treaties1 ! relation ( labor to capital1 railway managem5t1 gov]nm5t regulation ( traffic--& s on almo/ )\t limit4 ,! correspond5t mu/ "k ab\t ^! ?+s if he is to write intellig5tly ab\t !m4 ,he mu/ be famili> ) ! bus9ess ( ! dep>tm5ts1 mu/ und]/& ! army & ! navy1 %\ld "k ! :]eab\ts ( e regim5t & e %ip ( importance4 ,he %\ld "k ! "n & ! politics & ! po/ ( e ,am]ican diplomat1 %\ld "k gov]nm5t f9ances--inde$1 %\ld "k ev]y?+ ! gov]nm5t does4 ,^! ?+s con/antly are recurr+ 9 new & unexpect$ ways & !y mu/ be treat$ z important news ( ! day4 ,n less fasc9at+ to ! "y report] is 8 daily contact ) m5 ( affairs :om he meets 9 ! c\rse ( 8 news collect+2 n less int]e/+ 8 intimacy ) ! ev5ts ( ! day t pulsate & inspire4 ,8 "w becomes s v>i$4 ,x all is s new4 ,8 exp]i5ces are s int]e/+2 & !y become ! m s z he ga9s 9 exp]i5ce & is ask$ to d high] grade "w4 ,9 8 book on ,newspap] ,report+ ,mr4 ,john ,p5dleton ( ,london says3 ,! report] is ! collector ( news = ! circulation ( :i* ! pap] really exi/s4 ,on 8 report ( ! ,premi]'s spee* ! editor bases 8 lead+ article4 ,he records ! spl5dor ( ! ,que5's draw+ room1 & ! want & wret*$ness ( ! poor4 ,no fe/ival is complete )\t him2 & he turns up at e calamity4 ,he *ronicles ! de$s ( ! h]o & ! crimes ( ! miscreant4 ,he tells h[ ! pulse ( comm]ce beats 9 e m>ket ( ! _w4 ,sci5ce & art are behold5 to 8 p52 & ev5 religion itself has to ?ank him = "s ( its spread4 ,he has become a necessity to newspap] production & no inconsid]able figure 9 national life4 ,! report] is n s5t out haphaz>d2 he is out = a purpose & t purpose is ! collection at fir/ h& ( facts & in=mation t are suppos$ to int]e/ a multitude ( read]s4 ,if !y are int]e/+ to ^? :o read !m1 h[ mu* ! m s to ! "y man :o1 aft] inve/igation & v]ification to 8 own satisfaction1 puts 8 conclusions on pap]6 ,& note1 if y w1 h[ important is ! "w4 ,s9ce ! fir/ use ( pr9t]s' type ! great ev5ts ( ! _w1 ! ev5ts t h mov$ & influ5c$ mank9d1 t h made ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 h be5 ann\nc$ fir/ ( all 9 ! newspap]s4 ,!y h be5 proclaim$ to ! _w n by cl]gym5 f ! pulpit1 or lectur]s f ! plat=m1 or orators 9 legislative halls1 n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( books or magaz9es or pamphlets1 or by ! writ]s ( editorial articles1 or by critics--b 9 burn+ type by report]s4 ,x seems b ye/]day1 t midnight h\r1 :5 a report] bur/ into ! work+ room ( a morn+ newspap] ) ! exclamation3 8,he's got x--we are go+ to h ! electric light 9 e "p ( e h\se & ov] e desk 9 ?is room40 ,he _h hurri$ f ,edison's fir/ big te/ ( ! division ( ! electric curr5t3 _h se5 a hundr$ electric bulbs gl[+ 9 all _! fasc9at+ brightness by electricity transmitt$ ov] wires4 ,& ! p m>vel$ at :at he wrote ab\t x4 ,)9 ! span ( my own newspap] exp]i5ce1 report]s h giv5 fir/ in=mation to ! _w ( ! discov]y & developm5t ( electric light+1 heat+1 cook+ & propulsion2 ( ,ro5tg5 rays2 ( ! telephone2 ( ! phonograph2 ( ! automobile2 ! play] piano2 ( ! typesett+ ma*9e & ! multiple page pr9t+ press2 ! %oe-mak+ ma*9e2 ( bree*-load+ guns1 ma*9e-made c>tridges & diabolical explosives2 ( ! airplane & ! zeppel92 ( wireless telegraphy2 ( /eel con/ruction 9 big build+s2 ( ! m>vels ( con/ruction 9 gigantic locomotives & /eam%ips1 9 subways1 & elevat$ railroads1 bridges1 & aqu$ucts2 ( bacillus treatm5t 9 m$ic9e & ! wond]s ( abdom9al surg]y2 & hundr$s ( o!r developm5ts ( sci5ce4 ,we h se5 ! decl>ation ( a doz5 w>s & ! sign+ ( a doz5 peace treaties2 ! ann\ncem5t ( ! dea? ( mon>*s & ! bir? ( pr9ces1 ! assass9ation ( rul]s & ! inauguration ( _! successors4 ,"s report] has ann\nc$ ! discov]y or ! fact ( e "o ( ^! ?+s4 ,he has be5 compell$ to /udy ! subject en\gh to write ab\t x und]/&+ly1 & t /udy has br\ght him 9 contact ) ! m5 :o h caus$ or inv5t$ x4 ,! report] m+les con/antly ) ! m5 :o control ! affairs ( ! _w4 ,?is n only is fasc9at+1 b x gives him confid5ce 9 himself1 gives him p]sonal address1 ease ( mann] & ( conv]sation1 manl9ess ( pres5ce4 ,x %>p5s 8 wits4 ,x takes away t p>alyz+ emotion s (t5 felt by y\? :5 9 ! pres5ce ( greatness4 ,no?+ c be m /imulat+ to ! intellect ?an association ) intellectual m54 ,! report] :o writes ( an important ev5t usually is ask$ to cont9ue on ! case z long z x is ( public int]e/4 ,! man :o wrote ! n>rative ( ! murd] ( ,:ite by ,h>ry ,?aw wrote ( ,?aw's publicities = a long "t aft]w>d4 ,! man :o reports a big labor /rike is call$ on to report ! next /rike4 ,he gets int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 makes x a /udy1 & becomes au?ority on ! relations betwe5 labor & capital4 ,9 ?is way z "t goes on ! report] comes to be a sort ( speciali/ 9 sev]al topics & ! k ?us acquir$ is ( great value to him :5 he comes to editorial writ+1 or magaz9e "w1 or au?or%ip ( any k9d1 or if he goes into ! law or into ! public s]vice or any o!r bus9ess4 ,!re is n any o!r employm5t probably 9 :i* a "y man may ga!r s ext5sive a g5]al contemporane\s k z 9 newspap] report+ 9 a big city4 ,! speak]s at a public banquet may drone on = an h\r or s )\t say+ any?+ or giv+ utt]ance to a s5t5ce wor? report+ & !n some?+ ( supreme importance may be said4 ,! good report] recognizes its wor? in/antly2 ! poor "o does n4 ,colonel ,william ,rockhill ,nelson1 :o won fame z editor ( ! ,kansas ,city ,/>1 _h ?is to say 9 an address to ! /ud5ts ( a ,s*ool ( ,j\rnalism3 ,!re is j "o po9t ,i wi% to emphasize to ! "y m5 :o are expect+ to engage 9 newspap] "w4 ,t is1 t ! report] is ! ess5tial man on ! newspap]4 ,he is ! big toad 9 ! puddle4 ,"y fell[s look+ =w>d to a newspap] c>e] (t5 h 9 m9d an editor%ip ( "s sort4 ,!y want to guide & in/ruct public op9ion4 ,! tr\ble is t ! public doesn't ye>n to h its op9ion guid$ & in/ruct$4 ,x wants to get ! news & be ent]ta9$4 ,consid] :o are mak+ ! real newspap]s & magaz9es to-day4 ,n ! grave & le>n$ publici/ :o is giv+ advice on ! /ate ( ! ,nation f ! seclusion ( "s hole 9 ! wall2 n ! recluse ) a bun* ( academic !ories4 ,x is ! report] ) ! nose = news4 ,he is ! only fell[ :o has any bus9ess ar\nd newspap]s or magaz9es4 ,9 g5]al 8 job is n to produce lit]ature1 b to d report+4 ,(t5 a good pair ( legs makes a good report]4 ,! newspap] man mu/ always be on ! job1 always hu/l+1 always ready to g to any inconv5i5ce or suff] any fatigue to get ! news4 ,& above all1 s f> z r\t9e report+ goes1 he mu/ be hone/ & accurate4 ,*>les ,dick5s1 :o 0 a report] be=e he became a writ] ( novels1 says ( "s ( 8 exp]i5ces3 ,i h (t5 transcrib$ = ! pr9t]1 f %or?& notes1 important public spee*es 9 :i* ! /ricte/ accuracy 0 requir$1 & a mi/ake 9 :i* w\ld h be5 to a "y man sev]ely compromis+1 writ+ on ! palm ( my h&1 by ! light ( a d>k lant]n 9 a po/ *aise & f\r1 gallop+ ?r\gh a wild c\ntry & ?r\gh ! dead ( ! night1 at ! !n surpris+ rate ( fifte5 miles an h\r4 ,! v la/ "t ,i 0 at ,exet]1 ,i /roll$ into ! ca/le y>d !re to id5tify1 = ! amusem5t ( a fri5d1 ! spot on :i* we 8took0 z we us$ to call x1 an election spee* ( ,"l ,john ,russell at ! ,devon conte/1 9 ! mid/ ( a lively fight ma9ta9$ by all ! vagabonds 9 t division ( ! c\ntry & "u su* a pelt+ ra9 t ,i rememb] two good-natur$ colleagues1 :o *anc$ to be at leisure1 held a pocket h&k]*ief ov] my notebook aft] ! fa%ion ( a ,/ate canopy 9 an ecclesia/ical procession4 ,i h worn my knees by writ+ on !m on ! old back r[ ( ! old ,h\se ( ,commons2 & ,i h worn my feet by /&+ to write 9 a prepo/]\s p5 9 ! old ,h\se ( ,lords1 :]e we us$ to be huddl$ toge!r l s _m %eep--kept 9 wait+1 say1 until ! ,woolsack might want re/uff+4 ,return+ home f political meet+s 9 ! c\ntry to ! wait+ press 9 ,london1 ,i d believe ,i h be5 upset 9 almo/ e description ( vehicle kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i h be5 9 my "t belat$ 9 miry by-roads1 t[>d ! small h\rs1 =ty or fifty miles f ,london1 9 a :eel-less c>riage1 ) exhau/$ horses & drunk5 po/ boys1 & h got back 9 "t = publication1 to be receiv$ ) nev]-=gott5 complim5ts by ! late ,mr4 ,black1 com+ 9 ! broade/ ,scot* f ! broade/ ( he>ts ,i ev] knew4 ,( ! report]'s famili>ity ) limitless phases ( life x has be5 said3 ,! report] ( to-day has to be c\rage\s1 %>p z a hawk1 m5tally untir+1 physically endur+4 ,he comes 9 contact ) ev]ybody f mon>*s to begg>s1 f noblem5 to nobodies4 ,he sees ! trag$y & ! com$y ( human life1 its cynicism & toadyism1 its pati5t /ruggl+ & fev]i% ambition1 its %am & subt]fuge1 its lavi% weal? & deepe/ pov]ty1 its good de$s & mo/ hide\s crime4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells says ( writ]s t 8!y meet philosoph]s1 sci5tific m51 soldi]s1 arti/s1 pr(essional m51 politicians ( all sorts1 ! ri*1 & ! great40 ,z illu/rat+ ! high place a man may make = himself :ile writ+ = ! news dep>tm5t ( a newspap]1 let u quote f an editorial article 9 ! ,brooklyn ,daily ,eagle3 ,( ,saxon /ock ?\gh ( ,iri% bir?1 a ,royal s*ol>%ip graduate ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 ,william ,crooke1 = =ty ye>s ( ! ,new ,york ,sun's /aff z a news writ] & ne>ly all t p]iod 9 *>ge ( ! ,sun's ,brooklyn news1 came to be kn[n to e police & fire dep>tm5t (ficial1 to mo/ ( ! cl]gym5 & all ! big politicians ( ei!r p>ty 9 old ,brooklyn z 8,billy ,crooke02 always respectfully & (t5 affectionately reg>d$1 tru/$ by e "o because he nev] betray$ a confid5ce & nev] misrepres5t$ any communication or int]view4 ,mr4 ,crooke1 qualifi$ by high education = ! writ+ t analyzes & illum9ates ! _w's happ5+s1 & a ke5 incisive /yli/ 9 8 report+ "w1 0 satisfi$ to be a report]4 ,he felt to ! full ! dignity ( :at he 0 do+2 he realiz$ t x is news t makes a newspap]1 n features & n comm5t4 ,he 0 a newspap]-mak] 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,k9dl9ess1 dry humor1 accurate obs]vation1 integrity1 & dignity made 8,billy0 :at he 04 ,9 mo/ ( ! college publications "o may f9d "u ! head+ ( ,alumni ,notes1 an item su* z ?is3 8'#ah1 ,john ,f4 ,j5k9s has accept$ a position on ! editorial /aff ( ! ,new ,york ,/>40 ,?is means t ,j5k9s has got a job z a report]4 ,b ,j5k9s did n h ! easy "t gett+ x t ! p>agraph 9 ! college pap] w\ld lead "o to suppose4 ,nor did he 8accept0 ! po/3 ! ,/> accept$ him4 ,be=e ,j5k9s l&$ on ! ,/> he visit$ five newspap] (fices1 rea*$ ! assi/ant city editor ( two1 ! city editor ( "o4 ,he did n get beyond ! (fice boy gu>d+ ! portals ( ! o!rs4 ,j5k9s left f\r ( ! (fices ) a def9ite feel+ t ,new ,york 0 none too cordial to a budd+ newspap] man4 ,b he fail$ to consid]1 because he did n "k1 t two or ?ree "y m5 visit ! city room ( a metropolitan newspap] e day on an err& simil> to 84 ,& he fail$ to realize1 because he did n "k1 t 9 normal times a cons]vative newspap] hires ab\t "o new report] a mon?4 ,! city editor ( ! ,/> happ5$ to ne$ a man :5 ,j5k9s call$4 ,j5k9s 0 a college man2 t 0 9 8 favor4 ,8 mann] ( approa* 0 pleas+ to ! man :o 0 ?9k+ ( hir+ him4 ,if ! impression 0 good to ! city editor x w\ld also be good to ! m5 to :om ,j5k9s might be s5t z a report]4 ,8 conv]sation 0 direct & to ! po9t4 ,he didn't make extravagant talk ab\t 8 ability2 he 0 frank 9 say+ t he didn't "k any?+ ab\t ! newspap] bus9ess1 b want$ to le>n & 0 will+ to "w h>d to make good4 ,he w\ld be glad to take tw5ty doll>s a week at ! />t & ask$ only = a trial4 8,all "r1 report to-morr[ at "o o'clock10 said ! city editor & ,j5k9s left ! (fice 9 a daze ) a job4 ,he _h be5 try+ = ?ree days to get "o & ! int]view t l&$ x _h consum$ n m ?an ?ree m9utes4 ,j5k9s got ! job because he 0 clean1 intellig5t & look$ l good mat]ial4 ,he _h n made ! mi/ake ( ?9k+ t imp]t95t aggressiv5ess w\ld impress ! man :o 0 to hire him4 ,he _h n made ! mi/ake ( fail+ to remove 8 hat :5 he sat d[n beside ! city desk to make 8 appeal4 ,sev]al m5 _h made t mi/ake ) ! city editor ( ! ,/>4 ,a man :o did n "k en\gh to remove 8 hat ev5 9 an (fice1 did n h mann]s en\gh to approa* _m ( ! m5 to :om ! ,/> w\ld s5d him4 ,j5k9s did n wa/e ! "t ( ! city editor on noness5tials1 & x 0 to be presum$ t he w\ld be z bus9esslike ) ^? ) :om he came 9 contact lat] z a report]4 ,j5k9s also _h p]sonality4 ,he act$ z ?\gh he meant bus9ess & realiz$ t newspap] "w 0 pleasant b n play4 ,he _h no lett]s ( recomm5dation & ! city editor didn't ask = any4 ,lett]s are easy to get & z a rule d n c\nt = mu*4 ,p]sonality1 su* z ,j5k9s's1 c\nts a lot4 ,! report] mu/ be prep>$ to meet ! active m5 ( ! _w3 ! m5 :o are do+ ! con/ructive "w ( ! _w4 ,he mu/ h pres5ce & address to attract _! att5tion4 ,usually he is a /rang] to !m4 ,8 pres5ce is unwelcome to !m4 ,exp]i5ce has atte/$ t ! college boy is bett] fitt$ = ?is task ?an any o!r k9d ( beg9n]4 ,he is famili> ) ! ways ( society & has "s notion ( ! public que/ions ( ! day & ! vital problems ( life4 ,! gre5 "y man ( unc\? appe>ance1 ( clumsy pres5ce1 ( falt]+1 /amm]+ spee* makes a mighty poor report]4 ,_m newspap] (fice boys become good report]s4 ,9 con/ant contact ) ! editorial =ce !y absorb k ( ! bus9ess4 ,non$ucat$ or p>tly educat$ y\?s may & d become excell5t report]s ( r\t9e news1 b !y r>ely get beyond ! imitative /age4 ,9 ! race = high] j\rnali/ic honors ! college boys easily out/rip !m4 ,a welcome addition to ! /aff is ! man :o comes f a c\ntry newspap]4 ,_m ( ! able/ ( ,am]ican j\rnali/s began _! c>e]s 9 rural (fices4 ,! c\ntry boy usually kn[s some?+ ( ! te*nical side ( ! bus9ess4 ,likely en\gh he has le>n$ to set type or run a typesett+ ma*9e1 has l5t a h& 9 ! mail+ room or ! deliv]y dep>tm5t1 has ma/]$ _m details t1 ?\gh n ess5tial1 h giv5 a compreh5sive notion ( h[ newspap]s are made4 ,nor %\ld ! "y man f ! c\ntry1 ambiti\s = city exp]i5ce1 /ay away f ! city ?r\gh fe> ( competition or ?r\gh timidity4 ,d n be afraid4 ,! newspap] m5 ( ! city are n sm>t] ?an ^? 9 ! c\ntry4 ,i recall ! y\ng/] f a small up-/ate daily :o ) fe> & trembl+ accept$ a *ance to "w a few days on trial1 9 a big city (fice1 z report]4 ,he w5t sma%+ ar\nd t[n = r\t9e news & f\nd ! "w n difficult4 ,9 a week confid5ce _h conqu]$ timidity4 ,he obs]v$ ! o!r report]s & work]s & said to himself1 8,i c compete ) ^! m50--& he did compete ) !m to 8 gratify+ success4 ,fasc9at+ z ! report]'s life may be1 x nev]!less has its unpleasant mom5ts1 its _m h>d%ips4 ,! h\rs ( "w are irregul> & unlimit$4 ,m5 on ! big metropolitan morn+ newspap]s report = duty at noon1 "o or two o'clock2 ^? ( ! ev5+ /affs at sev5 or eight1 ,a4,m42 & all are suppos$ to "w z long z _! s]vices are requir$--n infrequ5tly = fifte5 h\rs4 ,newspap]-mak+ is a cont9u\s p]=mance1 especially = report]s4 ,frequ5tly ^? employ$ 9 x suff] great discom=ts ?r\gh physical fatigue1 lack ( food & sleep1 & exposure to wea!r conditions4 ,"o ( ! c\rt report]s ( a morn+ newspap] 9 ,new ,york 0 f9i%+ 8 "w 9 ! late ev5+4 ,he _h be5 on duty "s t5 h\rs & 8 "w _h be5 h>d4 ,sudd5ly came ! big explosion ( ! great munitions plant at ,morgan1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ! we>y "y writ] 0 told to hu/le out !re4 ,at ,p]? ,amboy he enc\nt]$ ! milit>y gu>d ?r[n out to prev5t approa* to ! burn+ build+s4 ,9 8 attempts to get along he 0 arre/$ six times & deta9$4 ,he phon$ 8 facts to ! (fice & 0 told to /ay on4 ,he c\ld f9d no place to sleep--c\ldn't h slept if he _h--c\ld h>dly f9d a place to sit d[n ev51 c\ld get no?+ to eat or dr9k4 ,explosion aft] explosion foll[$ h\r aft] h\r4 ,& :5 at l5g? he rea*$ ! (fice he 0 too exhau/$ to write a ^w4 ,s !y s5t him to b$ = six h\rs & !n he wrote 8 report4 ,v _m o!r m5 _h a simil> exp]i5ce t day & night4 ,!y 7 9 con/ant dang] ( _! lives1 badly f$ & )\t re/4 ,!y 7 driv5 f place to place by ! milit>y gu>d1 & mo/ ( !m 7 arre/$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ try+ disa/]s to report ( :i* we h record4 ,sev]al report]s ne>ly lo/ _! lives :ile cross+ ,great ,s\? ,bay 9 a tempe/ to ! sc5e ( a %ipwreck on ! bea*4 ,!y capsiz$ 9 a sail boat & ! life-sav+ gu>d b>ely gave rescue4 ,m5 s5t to ! ,john/[n flood f\nd ! t[n wreck$1 scantily provision$1 & ) no sleep+ accommodations4 ,!y 7 compell$ to /ay !re a week "u mo/ di/ress+ conditions :ile ! se>* = ! dead cont9u$4 ,! report+ ( ! great national political conv5tions requires unceas+ ef=t = a week or m1 ! utmo/ vigil ?r\gh night & day4 ,important committees are rea*+ decisions1 new pacts & comb9ations are be+ =m$1 & ! entire situation may be *ang+ f h\r to h\r4 ,!re is no sleep = ! un=tunate correspond5t2 he mu/ be awake to ! in/ant4 ,! report+ ( :at is done 9 ! public sessions ( ! conv5tion is ! lea/ ( 8 labors4 ,:5 a man ( importance falls mortally ill a report] is detail$ to wat* him--to obta9 ! e>lie/ ann\ncem5t ( 8 dea?4 ,! vigil is con/ant4 ,9 scores ( in/ances report]s h sat on ! man's door/ep wait+ = him to die4 ,?is sort ( "w involves all ! monotony ( s5try duty4 ,x is disagreeable 9 ! extreme4 ,! newspap] boys are ask$ to d _m unpleasant ?+s4 ,!y are compell$ to invade private homes & to ask agoniz$ p>5ts :y a son or a daught] has committ$ suicide or has done a disgraceful act2 to ask a husb& :e!r x is true t 8 wife has run away ) a neighbor1 or ask a wife :e!r h] husb& is a fugitive f ju/ice4 ,! assignm5ts t take a writ] into a family t has be5 disgrac$ by "o ( its memb]s are ! mo/ unpleasant1 probably1 ( any t fall to him4 ,inde$ !re is little ( joy\sness 9 any se>* = in=mation t "s "o wi%es to conceal4 ,yet e editor kn[s t 9 v _m important cases to be *ronicl$ "s "o is int]e/$ 9 conceal+ ! real facts4 ,! p :o want _! affairs scre5$ f public gaze con/itute a multitude4 ,diplomats are retic5t4 ,gov]nm5t (fic]s are evasive4 ,political plans are kept 9 ! %ad[1 = publicity has ru9$ _m a political plot4 ,bank (ficials seek to conceal defalcations4 ,insurance companies try to hu% great losses4 ,society lead]s wi% to m9imize society sc&als4 ,usually 9 ^! cases ! inquir] is li$ to delib]ately & calmly1 or ! door is slamm$ 9 8 face1 or ! p]son s\ght refuses to be se51 or ! report] is s5t on a fool's err& else:]e--any?+ to be rid ( him4 ,"s "o has said t ! newspap] man is ask$ to lie ab\t p almo/ z (t5 z he is ask$ to tell ! tru?4 ,to obta9 exact tru? always has be5 surr\nd$ by difficulties4 ,almo/ e hi/orian compla9s ( ! task ( e/abli%+ ! tru? ( hi/ory4 ,he f9ds ! lit]ature ( ! "t at v>iance ) ! facts2 public docum5ts & records absolutely contradict+ "o ano!r2 :ile ! recollections & rem9isc5ces ( ! olde/ inhabitants are fanciful dreams4 ,x 0 ,talleyr& :o said ( a treaty t if x conta9$ no ambiguities "s %\ld be ins]t$4 ,! "y newspap] writ] f9ds 8 task ( tell+ ! tru? q z difficult1 n only because s _m p]sons seek to conceal ! tru? b also f ! well-kn[n fact--recogniz$ & con/antly comm5t$ on 9 our c\rts ( law--t two p]sons r>ely see or he> or compreh5d alike4 ,hone/ witnesses give diff]5t v]sions4 ,b ! newspap] manag] expects ! report] to get ! exact facts1 & frequ5tly ! un=tunate writ] f9ds himself compell$ to resort to trick]y & all k9ds ( subt]fuge to d s4 ,if he fails to get ! facts 8 advancem5t 9 ! (fice is *eck$4 ,inquiry is made into ! cause ( 8 failure & if good reason = x appe>s x may be =gott54 ,if x is ?r\gh c>elessness or indol5ce he is dis*>g$1 & ! reason = dropp+ him is kn[n )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 e o!r newspap] (fice 9 ! city4 ,x is all v unpleasant4 ,if ! new report] be s un=tunate z to beg9 8 c>e] on a di%one/ or an extremely s5sational %eet he may suff] an exp]i5ce yet m disagreeable1 = he may be ask$ to di/ort ! tru? delib]ately4 ,=tunately ?is is n a frequ5t reque/3 ,v few newspap]s seek to pr9t falsehoods or ask _! m5 to p5 untru?s4 ,mu* less ( t sort ( ?+ prevails ?an disgrac$ ! press ( tw5ty-five ye>s ago2 yet a few editors rema9 :o seem to ?9k t exagg]ation & falsification attract m read]s ?an does ! tru?1 & !y dem& t all news reports be color$ ) spectacul> embelli%m5t4 ,?is is unpleasant z well z unpr(essional4 ,x is demoraliz+ to a "y writ]4 ,x is disa/r\s to 8 reputation = s]i\s1 tru/wor?y "w4 ,yet m s]i\s z well z m repulsive is ! necessity occasionally impos$ by di%one/ editors on ! report] ( black5+ a man's reputation or exalt+ ! de$s ( a sc\ndrel4 ,b ?is does n happ5 (t54 ,! confusion & noise ( ! (fice (t5 annoy ! "y writ] & less5 8 ability to d himself ju/ice4 ,! news is usually writt5 & h&l$ 9 "o l>ge room4 ,tw5ty or ?irty report]s1 sub$itors & (fice boys are do+ ru% "w4 ,a noisy report] bl[s 91 z ?\gh c>ri$ on a :irlw9d1 talks all ! "t1 %\ts = an (fice boy1 calls = ref]5ce books & newspap] files & dr9k+ wat] all 9 "o brea?1 & keeps x go+4 ,hurry-up telephone bells are j+l+ & m5 are bawl+ ?r\gh ! transmitt]s4 ,typewrit]s res\nd _! /accato click+4 ,call bells are /rik+ & report]s are tapp+ _! desk tops = (fice boys1 & ! boys are tumbl+ ov] "o ano!r 9 response1 & are d>t+ f desk to desk ) copy4 ,p]sons are com+ & go+ all ! "t1 talk+ & laugh+ & %uffl+4 ,! old h&s are us$ to x2 b ! "y man accu/om$ to ! sil5ce ( ! /udy room sometimes develops symptoms ( insanity4 ,( s]i\s consid]ation1 also1 is ! fact t morn+ newspap] "w sadly int]f]es ) social & home life & ) a ho/ ( amusem5ts & ent]ta9m5ts & pleasures enjoy$ by day work]s4 ,9 ! big cities memb]s ( news /affs seldom d9e at home4 ,! news writ]s g on duty e>ly 9 ! aft]noon if n be=e2 ! news editorial /aff at six o'clock or !reab\ts1 all to rema9 until well aft] midnight4 ,d9n] p>ties1 !at] p>ties1 danc+ p>ties--all ev5+ social life may be enjoy$ on ! "o day only ( ! sev51 kn[n z ! day (f4 ,! newspap] man toils :ile o!rs play--& 8 night's "w ends some:at dismally by 8 dragg+ home at two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 maybe ?r\gh /orm or sleet or tempe/1 to a cold1 *e]less1 sil5t1 d>k home--a home unattractive "u ^! conditions despite e ef=t to make x o!rwise4 ,to ! h>d-work+ man ( ord9>y occupation !re comes a c]ta9 s5se ( enjoym5t 9 ! relaxation foll[+ bus9ess ef=t4 ,he does n want to g imm$iately & /eal?ily to b$4 ,! morn+-newspap] man is compell$ to d s4 ,! day work] enjoys 8 homecom+1 8 leisurely ev5+ repa/1 ! div]sions ( ! few h\rs prec$+ sleep4 ,x is ! bright spot 9 ! day4 ,! newspap] man rolls (f ! editorial b5* into b$4 ,?is demoralization ( home & social life con/itutes a v great objection to ent]+ ! newspap] bus9ess4 ,x affects n9e-t5?s ( ! morn+-newspap] /aff4 ,if ! "y j\rnali/ *ances to m>ry x imposes h>d%ips on ! "y wife4 ,usually %e beg9s h] m>ri$ life by loyally & *e]fully try+ to sit up until long aft] midnight to greet him on 8 return--b n = long4 ,! com+ ( *ildr5 & ! e/abli%+ ( a home compel normal re/ & o!r att5tions1 & %e reluctantly ceases h] long wait+ vigil4 ,in/ead ( greet+ him ) a da9tily prep>$ bit ( w>m food %e n[ puts out a plate ( cold /uff left ov] f ! day be=e1 :i* he me*anically ma/icates or n z 8 mood sugge/s2 & a little lat] on x is decid$ t he might /op at a night re/aurant = a bite1 if he is hungry4 ,z %e _c g out 9 ! ev5+ ) him %e misses _m ( ! social pleasures to :i* presum$ly %e _h be5 accu/om$ & :i* %e _h expect$ 9 h] new life4 ,b mo/ ( all %e misses 8 pres5ce & 8 att5tions4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,collection ,,( ,,news ,,& ,,! ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,copy ,,= ,,! ,,read] ,! "y man j beg9n+ a newspap] c>e] gets a viol5t %ock almo/ imm$iately4 ,he discov]s t "s "o is revis+ 8 articles1 *ang+ 8 words1 %ort5+ 8 s5t5ces1 omitt+ entire p>agraphs4 ,x gives him mu* anxiety4 ,all newspap] copy is revis$4 ,v little news or g5]al matt] is pr9t$ z writt5 orig9ally4 ,x und]goes 8edit+0 by copy read]s1 ( :om !re are twelve to tw5ty 9 ! big city (fices4 ,! editorial articles are revis$ by ! editor 9 *ief4 ,o!r copy = ! editorial page--lett]s to ! editor1 communications1 v]se1 comm5ts f o!r newspap]s1 & ! l--is prep>$ by 8 assi/ants4 8,edit+0 copy means prep>+ x = ! compositor1 putt+ x 9 ! exact language 9 :i* x is to be pr9t$4 ,sy/ematic1 c>eful revision ( all copy is necess>y n alone to correct error ( fact1 ( judgm5t1 ( good ta/e1 b also to regulate ! volume ( matt]4 ,! notion t newspap]s pr9t articles 8j to fill up0 is z absurd z ! intimation t !y 8pr9t any?+ !y c get40 ,e newspap] ( any acc\nt receives1 daily1 d\ble to f\r times z mu* news matt] z c be cr[d$ into its columns4 ,! news value ( ea* article or p>agraph mu/ h quick1 al]t consid]ation4 ,if ! report] has writt5 half a column ab\t an ev5t t is wor? tw5ty l9es only ( newspap] space ! report mu/ be r$uc$ to tw5ty l9es4 ,if an unusual ru% ( news or adv]tis+ compels ! ord] to 8cut ev]y?+ rigidly0 x is r$uc$ to t5 l9es4 ,j :at to pr9t & :at to omit are burn+ que/ions & ! quality ( judgm5t ex]cis$ 9 ! decision l>gely measures ! copy read]'s ability4 ,! m5 :o revise news copy = morn+ editions get to "w at ab\t six o'clock4 ,= conv5i5ce !y gr\p ar\nd l>ge tables1 ^? h&l+ telegraph matt] at "o desk1 ! read]s ( city copy at ano!r1 ! sport+ dep>tm5t work]s at a ?ird1 :ile at o!r desks are ! cable editors1 ! f9ancial & comm]cial & ! real e/ate m54 ,x is ( advantage to h z _m z possible ( ^! desks 9 "o room4 ,h[ to h&le ! great volume ( matt] t p\rs into ! (fice gives ! manag+ editor mu* conc]n4 ,x mu/ be done ) a m9imum ( confusion1 = confusion surely creates error & dis>ranges sy/em4 ,! edition mu/ be put to press on ! in/ant & always ! news pages are clos$ at ! la/ mom5t1 "u great /ress1 ) all h&s 9 a ru%4 ,! "w is well sy/emiz$1 b no sy/em has yet be5 inv5t$ t c anticipate or provide = ! unexpect$ ev5t t s frequ5tly upsets newspap] (fices4 ,9 normal times ! manag+ editor directs h[ ! articles ( consid]able importance are to be treat$ & likewise ! city editor in/ructs 8 m5 h[ & to :at l5g? !y are to write _! articles4 ,! size & ! quality ( ! edition may be plann$ & c>ri$ to conclusion ) comp>ative com=t if no?+ un=ese5 happ5s4 ,b n infrequ5tly big news breaks out unexpect$ly t upsets all calculations & compels a *ange ( all plans4 ,x is ! unexpect$ t drives ! news editors frantic & adds to _! labors & creates confusion & *aos 9 spite ( ev]y?+4 ,let u recall ! ,roosevelt attempt$ assass9ation1 9 illu/ration4 ,?+s 7 proce$+ peacefully 9 ! newspap] (fice on t ev5+ 9 ,octob]1 #aiab1 :51 ab\t n9e o'clock1 a telegraph fla% came f ,milwaukee3 8,!odore ,roosevelt has be5 %ot & kill$ by a crazy man40 ,"h 0 ! bigge/ news = _m a day4 ,roosevelt 0 p]haps ! nation's mo/ spectacul> citiz54 ,he _h be5 our ,presid5t4 ,he 0 kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,he 0 runn+ = ! presid5cy z an indep5d5t c&idate aga9/ ,wilson & ,taft4 ,he _h split ! ,republican p>ty4 ,! election 0 only a few days away4 ,! political consequ5ces ( 8 dea? 7 /up5d\s4 ,x is q impossible to describe :at foll[$ 9 ! newspap] "w room4 ,! manag+ editor began dictat+ telegraph ord]s3 ,to ! ,milwaukee correspond5t he said3 8,wire ) all ha/e e ^w y c get ab\t ,roosevelt's visit1 :at he has said & done s9ce 8 arrival1 e possible detail ( ! %oot+1 full description & hi/ory ( ! assass91 :]e he has liv$1 s we c run him d[n4 ,s5d e ^w he utt]s4 ,hire a doz5 m5 to help4 ,y c't wire too mu*40 ,to ! ,wa%+ton correspond5t3 8,wire #aejj words ,roosevelt's *ief acts z ,presid5t1 #ajjj on 8 p]sonal popul>ity & social life4 ,int]view ev]ybody effect ( 8 dea? on ! election1 get ,:ite ,h\se comm5t1 wire #ajjj g5]al effects ( ! news4 ,y c't s5d too mu*40 ,to ! ,*icago correspond5t3 8,hurry to ,milwaukee4 ,take two or ?ree m5 ) y4 ,f9d our man 9 ! ,s5t9el (fice4 ,hire a special tra9 if necess>y4 ,hire "s "o to get all he c out ( ! ,*icago newspap] (fices40 ,hav+ wir$ a doz5 or s su* telegrams to o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry ! manag+ editor summon$ ! city editor & said to him3 8,get y\r entire /aff "h1 ! m5 :o are (f to-day & all ! em]g5cy m54 ,put on ?ree or f\r m copy read]s4 ,f9d out :]e ,mrs4 ,roosevelt is & h a man /ay "r by h]3 also ! re/ ( ! ,colonel's family4 ,h f\r or five columns ( 8 obitu>y prep>$4 ,h int]views ) a lot ( prom95t ,new ,york m5 & politicians ( bo? p>ties4 ,h a column writt5 on ! effect on ! political campaign & also a column ( ,roosevelt's reasons = runn+ z an indep5d5t c&idate4 ,s5d to ! hotels & !at]s4 ,don't =get a big portrait ( ,roosevelt--bett] h pictures ( ! entire ,roosevelt family & ! ,oy/] ,bay home4 ,keep ev]ybody "h until ?ree o'clock40 ,to ! night editor he said3 8,! editorial page is full ( campaign /uff4 ,h "s "o g ?r\gh e l9e ( x & cut out ev]y?+ int5d$ to influ5ce a vot] aga9/ ,roosevelt--ev]y?+ t c\ld be ?\ght unseemly4 ,y w h to leave out two or ?ree ( ! articles & "s ( ! lett]s to ! editor4 ,f9d ano!r editorial or two t w d1 on ! /&+ galleys4 ,get ! full =ce into ! compos+ room4 ,tell ! /]eotype m5 !re w be no end ( editions all night long--!y w want full =ce4 ,tell ! press room m5 too2 ! circulation w be d\ble4 ,be sure to look out = any slur on ,roosevelt4 ,y mu/ get ! mail edition (f on "t4 ,we c't af=d to miss a mail to-night40 ,! =ego+ indicates a "p--& only a small "p--( ! prep>ations made = an edition ann\nc+ ,colonel ,roosevelt's dea? by assass9ation4 ,)9 fifte5 m9utes en\gh matt] _h be5 ord]$ to fill five or six newspap] pages4 ,! entire news /aff jump$ into ! "w4 ,! ma*9]y = t edition began to move promptly 9 ! l9es indicat$4 ,b 9 half an h\r came ?is wire f ,milwaukee3 8,colonel ,roosevelt is n dead b has be5 %ot ne> ! he>t4 ,surgeons are mak+ exam9ation40 ,& ?r\gh "s unexpla9$ cause n ano!r ^w came f ,milwaukee = an h\r & a half4 ,) ?is second ann\ncem5t x 0 necess>y to *ange ! plan ( ! edition to con=m to ! situation t ! ,colonel 0 n dead b possibly 0 mortally w\nd$4 ,9 ! h\r & a half ( susp5se ?\s&s ( words came p\r+ 9 to ! copy read]s all writt5 "u belief t ! attack _h result$ 9 dea? & all _h to be edit$ to fit ! new situation4 ,!n came ^w t ! ,colonel _h n be5 s]i\sly hurt--slightly w\nd$ only--& t he _h />t$ = ,*icago4 ,x 0 n[ ne>ly midnight & a complete ov]haul+ ( ! pap] 0 necess>y4 ,a new set ( in/ructions _h to be s5t to ev]ybody4 ,ev]y?+ _h to be redit$4 ,:at 0 practically a new edition mu/ be made ) v little "t 9 :i* to make x4 ,z x 01 ! newspap]s pr9t$ f ?ree to five pages ( matt] ab\t ! attempt$ assass9ation1 b !y kill$ _m columns relat+ to ! ,colonel's life1 ! effect ( ! suppos$ dea? on ! campaign1 appreciations by public m51 & s =?4 ,! writ]s & copy read]s 7 rem9d$ t ! ,colonel 0 /ill a c&idate1 & t a new issue _h be5 inject$ into ! campaign1 t ( m>tyrdom4 8,bett] m9imize ! m>tyrdom bus9ess10 0 ! sugge/ion4 ,! copy read]s did a trem5d\s excess ( em]g5cy "w t night t w5t = no?+2 s did ! correspond5ts1 ! report]s1 ! pr9t]s1 ! telegraph op]ators1 ! direct+ editors--ev]ybody :o _h to d ) gett+ out ! edition4 ,f report+ to copy read+ is a natural /ep 9 ! progress ( ! "y man 9 j\rnalism4 ,copy read+ has ! advantage ( fix$ h\rs1 ( p]man5t sal>y1 ( a m9imum ( em]g5cy or extra "w & ( p]mitt+ daily a few h\rs = recreation or /udy4 ,x has ! disadvantage ( be+ r\t9e "w n especially int]e/+ or inspir+1 )\t pecuni>y rew>d ( importance 7sal>ies are f =ty to sixty-five doll>s a week 9 big newspap] (fices & z l[ z tw5ty-five doll>s 9 small ones7 & ( hav+ ! att5dant dang] ( gett+ a man 9 a rut4 ,e (fice has its vet]an copy read]s :o = ye>s h be5 cont5t to d ?is "w4 ,to p]=m ! s]vice acceptably requires absorb+ att5tion1 unceas+ vigil1 a famili>ity ) curr5t ev5ts1 accurate judgm5t z to ! news value ( e article & a g5ius = detect+ errors ( fact1 or gramm>1 or ( any k9d4 ,colonel ,john ,w4 ,=ney said3 ,no man is compet5t to edit newspap] manuscript or repr9t unless he has be5 an ext5sive & analytical read]4 ,he %\ld1 moreov]1 h a quick & ke5 p]ception1 z well z a ret5tive memory ( notori\s facts1 ( celebrat$ names & important dates4 ,if he is 9 d\bt he %\ld nev] fail to consult reliable encyclop$ias1 te*nical books1 pamphlets & l gran>ies ( in=mation & k4 ,h[ does ! copy read] ex]cise 8 ability8 ,all news copy goes to ! read]s1 telegraph copy to ! telegraph desk1 ! city copy to ! city desk & s =?4 ,! head read] glances at ea* article long en\gh to absorb a notion ( its nature & make a note ( its l5g? & passes x to "o ( ! o!r read]s4 ,?is man edits x into ! =m 9 :i* x is to appe> 9 ! newspap]4 ,if x is too long he r$uces x by /ripp+ x ( its v]biage & unimportant facts1 cutt+ out entire s5t5ces & ev5 p>agraphs4 ,unconsci\sly he que/ions e /atem5t made by ! writ]1 s ke5 becomes 8 se>* = error4 ,if an article on an important subject is inadequate he s5ds x back to ! city editor = amplification or explanation4 ,if ! article is unimportant he kills x4 ,always he has 9 m9d t ! %eet is cr[d$1 t !re isn't room = half ( :at is (f]$4 ,he acquires ! knack ( cond5sation1 ( mak+ "o ^w express ! mean+ ( half a s5t5ce4 ,he elim9ates sup]flu\s /atem5ts & obvi\s explanations & dull conclusions4 ,if he be wise he r]eads ! article to confirm 8 own "w4 ,always he seeks to improve ! article1 to ins]t a snappy ^w1 to give x life1 to smoo? ! diction or make x m rugg$ z befits ! subject4 ,:5 read+ news ! copy read] mu/ be al]t = clews to additional in=mation1 = side issues to be add$4 8,! assass9 has liv$ 9 ,canal /reet1 ,new ,york0 said "o ( ! ,milwaukee dispat*es--& in/antly ! copy read] in=m$ ! city editor & a report] 0 soon on 8 way to ,canal /reet to le>n ( ! crazy man's record !re4 8,mrs4 ,roosevelt is at ! ,manhattan ,hotel0 said ano!r message4 ,a report] 0 s5t to h]4 ,! copy read] mu/ /eel himself aga9/ ! report] :o tries to be funny & isn't1 aga9/ ^? p]sons s well kn[n 9 e newspap] (fice :o seek notoriety by gett+ _! names 9 pr9t1 aga9/ ! social climb]s1 aga9/ ! m5 :o want puffs & free adv]tis+1 aga9/ ! wiles ( ! press ag5t & ! prepo/]\s /ories ab\t ! p he is exalt+1 aga9/ ! s*em]s ^: success dep5ds on newspap] publicity1 ! fake *>ity organizations1 ! spuri\s re=m agitations1 ! organizations />t$ m]ely to give sal>ies to ! p :o run !m1 ! multitude ( movem5ts creat$ to give "s "o notoriety1 ! con/ant attempts to fool ! public--! li/ is endless4 ,! copy read] mu/ be famili> ) ! big ev5ts attract+ public att5tion = he may be call$ to revise _! next *apt]4 ,_m big cases drag on = mon?s4 ,above all he %\ld take sympa!tic int]e/ 9 e article he revises & 9 its writ]4 ,8 e ef=t %\ld be to improve ! article4 ,my own exp]i5ce z a copy read] = five ye>s 0 ( utmo/ usefulness to me4 ,c>eful edit+ ( copy fixes ! subject matt] ( ! copy 9 memory almo/ z securely z ?\gh y _h writt5 ! orig9al4 ,surely ! copy read] fills an especially important po/4 ,x is poor policy to intru/ ?is "w to incompet5t m54 ,nev]!less1 because ( its requirem5ts1 x is a po/ n eag]ly s\ght4 ,x is ?\ght to be a ?ankless task ) little to %[ = results1 ) maximum opportunity = error & m9imum = praise4 ,! copy read] is unlikely to be s\ght = promotion4 ,he does n m+le ) ! outside _w z does ! report]4 ,he sees no (fice visitors z d ! editors4 ,8 "w attracts little favorable att5tion4 ,if he improves a manuscript ! au?or1 n ! copy read]1 gets ! cr$it4 ,b if y int5d to foll[ ! newspap] bus9ess1 by all means take a turn at copy read+1 = x gives valuable exp]i5ce & in=mation & ! practice greatly improves y\r diction4 ,z ! night advances ! avalan*e ( copy increases1 "s nights 9 great] volume ?an o!rs4 ,x is a curi\s fact t news volume seems to ebb & fl[ l ! ocean tide1 al?\gh irregul>ly1 n /eadily4 ,= days ! news _w w be calm1 little ( int]e/ develops1 no?+ b r\t9e news (f]s4 ,& !n = days at a "t news breaks out f all directions1 ov]:elm+ ! writ+ & ! revis+ /affs1 upsett+ all plans & creat+ confusion4 ,x is !n t ! manag+ editor admoni%es3 8,g5tlem51 ! pap] is already fill$2 y mu/ cut ev]y?+ rigidly02 & ! head copy read]1 pu%+ a column manuscript article t[>d an assi/ant1 comm&s3 8,put x 9 a qu>t] ( a column02 & ! p]spir+ night editor %\ts f ! compos+ room ?r\gh ! telephone3 8,c't take ano!r l9e except mu/ /uff40 8,mu/ /uff0 means matt] t simply mu/ be pr9t$4 8,/uff0 is ! common newspap] (fice v]nacul> = all copy1 :e!r x be ! pr(\nd article ( ! editor 9 *ief or ! incid5t ( a crap game on ! pavem5t4 ,! amateur writ]'s s5sibilities are %ock$ sometimes :5 8 production is call$ 8/uff40 ,b :e!r ! tide ( copy is at ebb or flood always !re is too mu* ( x & ! copy read]'s night ends 9 ! contemplation ( a mass ( disc>d$ manuscript & a ru9 ( reportorial reputation4 ,& on ! morr[ comes an awful h\r ( reckon+4 ,! editor 9 *ief misses f 8 own pap] a bit ( ,wa%+ton political news t "s o!r pap] _h pr9t$4 ,he speaks to ! manag+ editor ab\t x1 & ! manag+ editor kn[+ t ! news 0 9 ! (fice & 0 n pr9t$1 damns ! copy read] = ?r[+ x away4 ,! city editor :o _h gone home ) visions ( two f9e fat news features ea* ( an embelli%$ column 9 l5g? f9ds 9 _! place two emaciat$ p>agraphs conta9+ naught b cold news facts ) no juice 9 !m--he damns ! copy read]s4 ,! report]s :o wrote ! column /ories1 r$uc$ to %r$s1 sur*>ge ! place ) spectacul> pr(anity & damn ! copy read]s4 ,! m5 :o wrote twelve doll>s wor? ( /uff at space rates & _h x cut d[n to ?ree doll>s wor?1 damn ! copy read]s4 ,! report]s :o wrote reams ( r\t9e /uff t did n appe> at all1 damn ! copy read]s4 ,ev]ybody damns ! copy read]s6 ,! respectable newspap]s ( ,am]ica /rive s9c]ely = accuracy ( /atem5t4 ,report]s are in/ruct$ con/antly to be accurate4 ,copy read]s & e "o else 9 ! place are urg$ to vigil 9 ! detection ( error4 ,! news ru% & ! consequ5t confusion 9 ! la/ half h\r be=e gett+ to press contribute to ! dang] ( mi/ake1 b = ! mo/ "p e newspap] article is c>efully consid]$ & repeat$ly scrut9iz$4 ,a news report ( importance1 = in/ance1 is writt5 by an exp]i5c$ report]4 ,usually x is scann$ by ! city editor4 ,x is !n revis$ by a copy read] :o is suppos$ to be exp]t 9 prep>+ manuscript4 ,! compositor puts x 9 type & ! pro( read] se>*es x o/5sibly = errors 9 typ+1 b always mu/ he note any error4 ,he is expect$ to call to ! att5tion ( ! night editor any mis/atem5t ( fact or violation ( newspap] usage or ( practice4 ,!n1 too1 9 almo/ e (fice is 8! le>n$ pro( read]0 :o bo!rs himself n ) typographical errors b :o reads f revis$ pro( %eets 9 se>*+ que/ ( any?+ wrong--misus$ words1 v]bal or grammatical slips1 misspell$ prop] names1 di/ortion ( any fact--& x is curi\s :at a lot ( errors he digs out t h pass$ ev]ybody else4 ,likewise 9 _m editorial rooms sits ano!r all-wise man :o 9 a semi-editorial capacity reads pro( %eets ( all matt] 9 ! same se>* = ! undesirable4 ,! manag+ editor1 ! night editor1 & ! night city editor also h pro( %eets ( all matt] :i* !y read dev\tly = a doz5 reasons4 ,nev]!less !re appe>$ 9 "o ( our especially le>n$ & correct ,new ,york newspap]s a s5t5ce writt5 by a report] & pass$ by ! copy read]1 ! pro( read] ord9aire1 ! le>n$ pro( read]1 ! editorial pro( read] de luxe1 ! manag+ editor1 ! night editor & ! night city editor--a s5t5ce t read3 8,he _h fractur$ h] skull by hitt+ x ) an empty bottle ( be]40 ,! same newspap]'s music con/itu5cy 0 mov$ to emotion "o morn+ on read+ t applause foll[$ ! s++ ( 8,! ,soldi]s' ,*orus by ,fau/40 ,:e!r ! writ] int5d$ to say t ,fau/ sang ! *orus1 or ! *orus 0 writt5 by ,fau/1 or t x 0 f ! op]a ( ,fau/ probably nev] w be kn[n1 b ! *ances are t he inadv]t5tly wrote 8by ,fau/0 :5 he int5d$ to write 8f ,fau/40 ,tru? is1 t human intellig5ce has n yet devis$ a way ( keep+ error out ( pr9t$ publications4 ,! public does n und]/& ! pa9/ak+ c>e ) :i* news is pres5t$ by well regulat$ newspap]s1 nor are ! difficulties or ! unfavorable conditions "u :i* newspap]s are made at all appreciat$ by p :o read4 ,m5 ( o!r pr(essions h almo/ unlimit$ "t = consid]ation4 ,! lawy] may devote mon?s to ! prep>ation ( 8 case4 ,! cl]gyman may take sev5 days to p]fect 8 s]mon4 ,! physician at times is call$ to quick action1 b usually he may pond] = h\rs or days ov] ! condition ( 8 pati5t4 ,b quick judgm5t & quick action are a daily necessity 9 ! newspap] (fice4 ,! bigge/ ev5t ( ! mon? may explode an h\r be=e "t = go+ to press4 ,! news mu/ be prep>$ ) frantic ha/e ) half ! /aff tumbl+ ov] ea* o!r1 s to speak1 9 ! ru% to be on "t4 ,9 aft]noon %eets all news receiv$ aft] "o o'clock & 9 morn+ editions aft] midnight are subject to ?is accel]ation ( m9d & movem5t & p]sons :o h n p>ticipat$ 9 ! spasm c little appreciate ! opportunity = error4 ,9 ^! h\rs a man's exp]i5ce1 8 g5]al k ( ! bus9ess1 is ( great assi/ance4 ,x is !n t 8 confid5ce or 8 di/ru/ 9 ! s\rce ( ! in=mation gov]ns4 ,rumor is ! busybody ( ! bus9ess & h] mom5ts ( greate/ activity are j be=e ! "t = go+ to press4 ,x is true1 also1 t fir/ acc\nts ( great ev5ts are likely to be exagg]at$2 almo/ always are greatly exagg]at$4 ,! cable fla% ann\nc+ ! bl[+ up ( ! ,ma9e 9 ,havana h>bor said t n a man rema9$ alive4 ,! fir/ brief telegram tell+ ( ! ,san ,francisco e>?quake report$ t n a build+ rema9$ /&+4 ,) ! fir/ report ( ! assass9ation ( ,colonel ,roosevelt came ! /atem5t t he 0 dead4 ,fir/ reports ( losses ( life 9 great disa/]s1 ( losses 9 big fires1 are usually d\ble ! actual loss4 ,x is a vital "p ( newspap] vigil to "q all unusual or extraord9>y /atem5ts & news editors by habit come to d\bt e /atem5t made4 ,?is is meant to be said ( hone/ editors2 ! di%one/ ones seek to exagg]ate ! orig9al exagg]ation4 ,! prep>ation ( newspap] copy 9 ! la/ h\r be=e go+ to press gives supreme te/ to ! writ]'s p[]s ( conc5tration1 8 self-possession1 & 8 agility ( m9d4 ,x happ5s frequ5tly t ! manag+ editor says to him1 8,y h j eight m9utes 9 :i* to f9i% t article0 & a little lat] ! night editor may cry out3 8,close ev]y?+ = ?is edition 9 five m9utes40 ,x is exce$+ly di/urb+ to ! "y man :o is beg9n+4 ,! exp]i5c$ m5 are unmov$4 ,x is common en\gh = a man to write 9 an h\r aft] midnight a column or m ab\t a murd]1 a fire1 a calamity1 or ! obitu>y ( a di/+ui%$ p]son4 ,m5 :o d ?is rapid "w at ! la/ in/ant may h be5 on duty = t5 or twelve h\rs & ! climax to ! day's labor calls = great] int5sity ?an any?+ t has prec$$4 ,physical endurance is involv$ z well z m5tal cel]ity4 ,! inv5tion ( ! typewrit] has help$ va/ly to spe$ up newspap] composition4 ,! report] may dictate 8 n>rative4 ,9 ! old days frequ5tly he _h to make a long j\rney to ! newspap] (fice be=e beg9n+ to "w ) p5 or p5cil4 ,n[adays1 if ne$ be1 he dictates 8 report ?r\gh ! telephone to a typewrit] 9 ! (fice4 ,newspap] correspond5ts five hundr$1 & ev5 "o ?\s&1 miles away d ?is k9d ( em]g5cy telephon+4 ,inde$1 x may be said t mod]n inv5tion has revolutioniz$ ! process ( spe$+ up newspap] mak+4 ,:5 ,i fir/ w5t to ,new ,york ! capacity ( ! improv$ newspap] press 0 eight pages4 ,if a l>g] pap] 7 want$ ! extra pages 7 pr9t$ sep>ately z a supplem5t _m h\rs be=e ! ma9 eight %eet 0 put to press4 ,to-day1 ?anks to ! inv5tor ( ! multiple pr9t+ press1 ! news editor may decide fifte5 m9utes be=e go+ to press :e!r to make a twelve page newspap] or a tw5ty page newspap] or ev5 a ?irty-f\r page newspap]4 ,! big mod]n newspap] is made ) a spe$ t is almo/ bewild]+4 ,=1 9 place ( ! old labori\s j\rney+ to ! (fice1 ! writ+ ( ! news ) p5 or p5cil1 ! typesett+ ( ! same by h& & ! old /yle /]eotyp+ process requir+ half an h\r1 ! pr9t+ ( %eets limit$ to eight pages on presses t produc$ only ab\t fifte5 ?\s& copies an h\r--9 place ( ^! clumsy processes1 news reports are dictat$ ov] ! telephone1 ! matt] is set by ma*9]y 9 a fraction ( ! "t =m]ly requir$1 is /]eotyp$ 9 six m9utes & set go+ on half a doz5 presses ) a capacity ea* ( m ?an ?irty ?\s& copies an h\r4 ,! report+ ( big ev5ts t may be anticipat$1 l ! inauguration ( a presid5t1 a great fe/ival 9 honor ( a m>tial h]o or 9 commemoration ( peace1 or a popul> demon/ration ( any sort--any?+ t is s*$ul$ to happ51 is c>efully arrang$ = 9 advance4 ,x is conc$$ t ! bigge/ & mo/ important s+le piece ( news h&l$ up to t "t 9 a newspap] (fice 0 ! /ory ( ! loss ( ! ,titanic4 ,! f9e/ /eam%ip t ev] _h be5 made /ruck an iceb]g on h] fir/ voyage & sank ) a loss ( fifte5 hundr$ p]sons1 includ+ scores ( our well kn[n resid5ts--& t 0 all we knew ( ! disa/] until ! survivors 7 l&$ on a ,new ,york pi]4 ,! wireless _h s5t a p>tial li/ ( survivors b n a ^w ( detail ab\t ! disa/] itself4 ,public int]e/ 0 trem5d\sly excit$4 ,x 0 kn[n t ! survivors 7 to l& at a giv5 h\r 9 ! ev5+ & city editors _h pl5ty ( "t to arrange = gett+ ! great n>rative b limit$ "t = writ+ x--= newspap]s mu/ g to press on ! m9ute 9 ord] t mail & express bundles ( ! edition may cat* outgo+ tra9s4 ,?irty or =ty report]s 7 s5t by ea* ,new ,york newspap] to meet ! rescue %ip4 ,ea* man _h a def9ite ?+ to d4 ,"o man1 = in/ance1 0 to write a column ( j :at _h be5 go+ on 9 ! %ip = ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e %e sank4 ,ano!r 0 to write ( ! w>n+s to ! ,titanic's (fic]s t ice fields 7 ahead4 ,ano!r 0 to expla9 j h[ ! %ip /ruck1 h[ %e 0 damag$ & h[ & :5 %e fill$ & sank4 ,a f\r? 0 to describe 9 detail h[ ! life boats 7 mann$ & laun*$ & :o w5t 9 !m4 ,a fif? 0 to tell ( no?+ except :at ! comm&] ( ! %ip 0 do+ up to ! mom5t he 0 lo/4 ,six or eight report]s 7 in/ruct$ to get z _m n>ratives ( ! exp]i5ces ( survivors z possible--& s on prep>ations 7 made to ! completion ( e detail t possibly c\ld be anticipat$--e man in/ruct$ exactly :at to d & w>n$ n to attempt any?+ else4 ,! prep>ations = pr9t+ ?is great n>rative--& do+ x 9 a hurry--occupi$ _m h\rs ( ! "t ( manag+ & city editors4 ,! organization ( =ces 0 necess>y to prev5t duplication & confusion1 useless runn+ ab\t & tumbl+ ov] ea* o!r by report]s4 ,z an additional precaution to save "t ( report]s 9 go+ f ! pi] to ! newspap] (fice1 a doz5 telephones 7 set up 9 a %$ on ! pi] & a doz5 ( ! report]s 7 in/ruct$ to dictate _! reports into ! transmitt]s & a doz5 typewrit]s 7 ready to take !m 9 ! newspap] (fice4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is big /ory 0 writt5 at #aj3bj 9 ! ev5+1 & copy = ! fir/ edition 0 %ut (f two h\rs aft]w>d4 ,! fir/ edition presses 7 />t$ on "t to ! m9ute ) f\r pages ( ! disa/]4 ,a second edition "o h\r lat] _h sev5 pages ( disa/] matt]--! n>rative complete--ab\t equival5t 9 am\nt to ! read+ matt] ( ! usual edition ( ! ,scribn] mon?ly magaz9e4 ,9 do+ ?is task nei!r ! writ+ =ce nor ! me*anical dep>tm5t 0 ext5d$ or di/ress$ or ov]work$4 ,!y c\ld easily p]=m ! same feat e night 9 ! week "u ! same organization & loyal /aff teamwork4 ,x is ! bus9ess & ! duty ( ! manag+ editor to ov]see all ( ^! details4 ,he is ! executive (fic] ( ! newspap]4 ,8 fir/ duty is to c>ry out ! policies ( ! editor 9 *ief or ! own]4 ,he is responsible = :at goes into ! pap]4 ,he is suppos$ to "k :at is go+ on 9 e hemisph]e & 9 e isl& ( ! sea & to h x prop]ly pres5t$ 9 ! news columns4 ,he mu/ read ! o!r newspap]s & p]iodicals to "k :at !y are pr9t+ & :at ( _! cont5ts %\ld be pr9t$ 9 8 own next edition4 ,he hires ! /aff1 except ! editorial writ]s1 fixes ! sal>ies1 obta9s & directly sup]vises ! matt] = e column except ! editorial page4 ,he mu/1 inde$1 keep a %>p eye on t page z well1 = x happ5s frequ5tly t aft] an editorial article is ready = pr9t+1 along comes lat] news t entirely *anges ! situation & calls = revision ( ! article4 ,he decides que/ions 9 dispute4 ,8 be/ asset %\ld be good judgm5t3 judgm5t :at n to pr9t z well z :at %\ld be pr9t$2 judgm5t z to prop] news values1 :e!r to give "o1 two1 or ?ree columns to an unexpect$ piece ( news t explodes 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,dawson ,city or (f ,montauk ,po9t2 judgm5t :e!r to *ance a libel suit on "o article or ! infr+em5t ( copyright 9 ano!r2 :e!r to m9imize a social or a political movem5t or boom x4 ,& :5 ^! que/ions are fla%$ on ?is un=tunate man j z ! edition is go+ to press x mu/ be a quick z well z a decisive judgm5t4 ,! manag+ editor has to deal ) m5 ( all ages & ( all exp]i5ces4 ,a big /aff includes cranks1 & en?usia/s1 /ud5ts & philosoph]s1 m5 ( e race & religion ^: illum9at$ intellig5ce reflects e phase ( ecc5tricity1 e degree ( sanity1 z well z e p]fection ( common s5se--m5 ( intellig5ce1 e>ne/ness1 s5sitiv5ess1 fill$ ) ambition & alive ) int]e/ & seek+ above all to succe$ 9 ! bus9ess4 ,! manag+ editor ne$s ! cop]ation ( all ^! m54 ,a loyal /aff is full ( sugge/ions1 w g to extremes 9 support ( its lead]2 an indiff]5t /aff is sil5t4 ,x dep5ds l>gely on h[ ! /aff is treat$ by ! managem5t1 :e!r x is loyal or indiff]5t4 ,n[ y _c manage a newspap] /aff z y might a section gang build+ a railroad4 ,x is n to be expect$ t intellig5t1 s5sitive writ]s w spr+ to _! "w1 w d bett] "w1 :ile sm>t+ "u sev]e repro( or con/ant nagg+4 ,if !y d x is because !y fe> to lose _! jobs1 r ?an f zeal4 ,n mu* good newspap] "w is done "u an uplift$ club4 ,little else ?an res5tm5t results f angry words4 ,"o reason = ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,dana's success may be f\nd 9 8 f9e lead]%ip4 ,he inspir$ ! confid5ce ( 8 help]s by 8 surpass+ k ( ! bus9ess4 ,he enc\rag$ !m by 8 recognition & appreciation ( sup]ior "w & 8 absolute ju/ice t[>d !m4 ,he fasc9at$ !m by 8 g5ial ways4 ,ev]ybody lov$ him & w\ld d any?+ = him4 ,! editor ( ability t ende>s himself to 8 /aff w surely make a great newspap]4 ,! editor ^: ability is n respect$1 :o does n recognize good s]vice1 :o is con/antly nagg+ & compla9+ & f9d+ fault1 & ar\s+ res5tm5t--he w see 8 circulation slipp+ away & 8 influ5ce dim9i%+4 ,a newspap] /aff is made up ( delicately con/ruct$1 s5sitive1 self-respect+ m5 & wom54 ,! manag+ editor hires ! /aff4 ,&1 z ! success ( ! newspap] dep5ds on ! writ]s1 x behooves him to be c>eful 9 ! selection4 ,! /aff *anges some:at rapidly1 its memb]s drop out to g to bett] po/s on o!r newspap]s or into o!r bus9esses & new m5 are call$ to _! places4 ,me?ods ( recruit+ ! /aff diff] 9 diff]5t (fices4 ,_m ( ! mo/ successful newspap]s h a way ( hir+ "y m5 to jo9 z report]s & gradually advanc+ !m ?r\gh a cont9u\s process ( gr[?4 ,?us a man is available always to fill a vacancy & ! /aff 9 g5]al is always complete4 ,! real vacancy is at ! bottom ( ! li/4 ,?ree mon?s' trial usually te/s out a beg9n]4 ,! newspap] is ov]run ) applicants4 ,e graduat+ college class includes "s m5 :o wi% to try ! bus9ess4 ,! s*ools ( j\rnalism 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are turn+ out ab\t f\r ?\s& /ud5ts ye>ly :o want to g to "w imm$iately4 ,_m brok5-d[n cl]gym5 & disc>d$ s*ool tea*]s ?9k !y c write & !y apply along ) pr(essional m51 cl]ks1 salesm5 & o!rs :o h fail$ to make good4 ,a sw>m ( high s*ool boys come along aft] graduation4 ,v _m m5 :o h succe$$ 9 c\ntry or small city newspap]s want to get go+ 9 ! big cities4 ,bright newspap] (fice boys seek to become report]s & g on to success4 ,x is f all ( ^! t ! /aff is recruit$4 ,! manag+ editor ( exp]i5ce comes to "k almo/ by in/9ct :e!r an applicant w make a good newspap] man1 & :ile few ( ^? :o come are select$1 x is also true t a l>ge proportion ( ^? :o are tak5 make good4 ,! sup]vision ( ! mod]n newspap] is mu* m difficult ?an x 0 =ty ye>s ago = ! reason t ! /aff is f\r or five times z l>ge4 ,! size ( ! %eet has be5 m ?an quadrupl$4 ,! manag+ editor no long] f9ds x possible to read e p>agraph 9 pro( %eet be=e its publication2 he mu/ tru/ to 8 help]s4 ,! increas$ volume ( matt] compels increas$ labor 9 orig9at+ x1 increas$ att5tion to its consid]ation & prep>ation = pr9t+4 ,! manag+ editor's "w lit]ally is f\rfold :at x us$ to be4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! h\r is t[>d yet l>g] editions4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,newspap] ,,composition--,,! ,,art ,,( ,,writ+ ,,9 ,,simple ,,yet ,,ent]ta9+ ,,fa%ion ,! "y man j />t+ 9 j\rnalism is ask$ to write 9 ! simple/ words & ! %orte/ s5t5ces at 8 comm&4 ,he is told t ! read] wants facts r ?an elegances ( expression & t ! pla9e/ language is ! be/ newspap] /yle4 ,by pla9 language is n meant ! language ( ! *ild's prim]1 b r ! use ( good ,saxon concrete n\ns & active v]bs 9 s5t5ces n embelli%$ ) v]bose phrases4 ,nev]!less1 :5 editors tell ! "y report] to use ! pla9e/ language !y mean usually t !y w be satisfi$ ) x 9 8 r\t9e report+4 ,b !y enc\rage ! /udy ( 8h[ to produce ri* effects by ! use ( famili> words10 h[ to write n only ) /ead9ess & /r5g?1 b also ) ^? little embelli%m5ts ( incid5tal ^w & phrase t lift ! "w above ! commonplace4 ,& !y unceas+ly urge ! necessity ( good writ+--= n any:]e is good writ+ appreciat$ m ?an 9 a newspap] (fice4 ,to write ! simple language requires mu* /udy & practice--m1 inde$1 ?an to write ! o!r k9d4 ,x is natural = p1 *ildr5 especially1 to use simple words1 b ! s*ools & colleges h taught1 until )9 a few ye>s1 ! writ+ ( r high-s\nd+ prose4 ,textbooks h reflect$ ,dr4 ,johnson's ornate p>agraphs1 ,macaulay's massive pr(undities1 ,wa%+ton ,irv+'s beautifully r\nd$ florid s5t5ces1 & ,sir ,walt] ,scott's sup]latives4 ,= ye>s & ye>s !y 7 comm5d$ to /ud5ts ( lit]ature = imitation4 ,! effect ( ?is tea*+ rema9s4 ,we f9d x difficult to write 9 ! same simplicity ) :i* we talk4 ,x does n come natural to u4 ,! editor gave f9e advice to ! c>tooni/ f :om he want$ an article4 ,said ! c>tooni/3 8,he j (f]$ me "o sugge/ion--inasmu* z ,i 0 n a regul> writ]--t ,i refra9 f try+ to write & simply tell 9 my own words z ?\gh ,i 7 tell+ x to my wife40 ,t's x3 refra9 f try+ to write if y wi% to write 9 simple language & simple /yle4 ,x is well en\gh to write z y talk if y are a good talk]4 ,hundr$s ( articles ( advice 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s h urg$ "y m5 to write z !y talk4 ,b almo/ all talk is )\t /udy1 is commonplace1 is n ! expression ( consecutive ?\ght1 is disjo9t$ con/ruction4 ,x is recogniz$ t dictat$ articles h less f9i% ?an ^? p5n$4 ,nev]!less1 ! direct way1 ! simple/ way is und\bt$ly ! be/ way ( writ+4 ,em]son says3 8,! spee* ( ! /reet is incomp>ably m =ceful ?an ! spee* ( ! academy40 ,lafcadio ,he>n says ( ,kipl+3 8,no "o has manag$ to produce great effects ) s few words40 ,b :y speak ( x z 8newspap] /yle10 :5 !re isn't any su* ?+8 ,almo/ e k9d ( writ+ is us$ by newspap]s4 ,all k9ds ( lit]ature are pr9t$ 9 !m--! s*ol>ly essay1 ! article ( argum5t1 ! expository editorial p>agraph1 ! /ory ( fiction1 ! language ( v]se1 ! consid]ation ( art1 music1 ! play1 all sorts ( description ( all k9ds ( happ5+s 9 e "p ( our old e>?--& all are writt5 )\t uni=mity ( diction or con/ruction4 ,!re is no /yle t ! newspap] rejects4 ,! exp]i5c$ editor seeks div]sity ( writ+ & ( topic 9 e column4 ,he /udies to t end4 ,"s /yle ( writ+ is s pla9 t y d n notice x4 ,x is l ! well dress$ man ^: clo?+ is s simple & appropriate t x is n attract+ att5tion :]ev] he goes4 ,m]imee said ( ,/5dhal t he despis$ m]e /yle & insi/$ t a writ] _h atta9$ p]fection :5 we rememb] 8 ideas )\t recall+ 8 phrases4 ,( ,george ,sa9tsbury1 ! ,engli% critic1 x 0 said3 8,he always ?\ght x ( m importance to utt] ! ?\ght ?an to c>e ab\t ! =m ( utt]ance4444 ,if he _h giv5 m att5tion to /yle we %\ld h be5 depriv$ ( "s ( ! b5efits ( 8 k40 ,inde$1 "s great newspap] n>ratives are ( su* absorb+ int]e/ 9 !mselves--great disa/]s l ! s9k+ ( ! ,lusitania or ! ,titanic--t ! read]'s att5tion is entirely conc5trat$ on ! facts & he does n notice ! diction or ! con/ruction4 ,no matt] h[ disjo9t$ or horribly writt5 ! n>rative may be he f9i%es x ) ! impression t he has read a great article4 ,nev]!less1 e article is ! bett] = good tell+4 ,& probably no great] newspap] accompli%m5t exi/s ?an ! ability to write well4 ,x is ( increas+ value z ! "y man goes on to high] grade "w4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,quill]-,c\* 9 a lecture to ! ,cambridge /ud5ts urges !m to /udy writ+ & to practice writ+1 to write & rewrite ) int5t to ga9 facility 9 diction & 9 ! fa%ion+ ( s5t5ces1 & especially to seek to make _! prose 8accurate1 p]spicu\s1 p]suasive1 & appropriate40 ,he w\ld insure great] accuracy by ! /udy & practice ( ! use ( words4 ,?\ght & spee* be+ insep>able1 x foll[s t we _c use ! humble/ processes ( ?\ght--_c resolve to take our ba? hot or cold1 or decide :at to ord] = breakfa/--)\t =eca/+ x 9 "s =m ( words4 ,words1 9 f9e1 he urges1 are ! only curr5cy 9 :i* we c ex*ange ?\ght ev5 ) ourselves4 ,does x n foll[1 !n1 t ! m accurately we use words ! clos] def9ition we %all give to our ?\ghts8 8,& by drill+ ourselves to write p]spicu\sly we tra9 our m9ds to cl>ify our ?\ght1 s9ce language is ! expression ( ?\ght4 ,! fir/ aim ( spee* is to be und]/ood & ! m cle>ly we write ! m easily & surely we w be und]/ood4 ,n to be und]/ood is to be a slov5 9 spee*40 ,lafcadio ,he>n urg$ ! /ud5ts ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,tokyo to /udy ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces--to write !m ov] & ov] aga9 until !y 7 ne>ly p]fect1 say+3 ,a ?+ once writt5 is n lit]ature4444 ,no man c produce real lit]ature at "o writ+4444 ,to produce ev5 a s+le s5t5ce ( good lit]ature requires t ! text be writt5 at lea/ ?ree times4444 ,= lit]ature m ?an = any o!r art ! all-necess>y ?+ is pati5ce4 ,he advis$ ! /ud5ts to write a practice piece & put x away = a week4 ,!n to revise x & put x away aga91 & to cont9ue ! process ( revision until !y c\ld improve x no m4 ,tol/oy rewrote 8 important "w ?ree or f\r times4 ,rossetti revis$ 8,! ,bless$ ,damosel0 9 _m editions until ! la/ 0 q unlike ! fir/4 ,t5nyson *ang$ 8 productions ov] & aga94 ,gray 0 f\rte5 ye>s 9 p]fect+ ! 8,elegy40 ,x is notori\s t ,sir ,walt] ,scott's lat] novels1 writt5 at great spe$1 are mu* inf]ior to 8 e>li] m leisurely "w4 ,samuel ,butl]'s ma/]piece 8,! ,way ( ,all ,fle%0 0 "u con/ruction = twelve ye>s4 ,all lit]>y hi/ory furni%es examples ( great au?ors :o toil$ long ov] _! manuscripts4 ,macaulay devot$ m "t to revis+ 8 essays ?an to writ+ !m4 ,_! sup]iority ov] 8 hi/ory1 z lit]>y products1 is reveal$ by /udy ( !m4 ,! hi/ory 0 writt5 m hurri$ly4 ,! essays are ! product ( ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 b !y s]ve to illu/rate ! possibilities ( our language & ! beauties ( ?\ghtful writ+ & int5se ?9k+4 ,we look else:]e 9 va9 = su* adroit phras+ & su* ?und]-claps ( climax4 ,/udy !m1 "y man6 ,"s pres5t-day writ]s criticize ,macaulay = 8 long-drawn s5t5ces1 8 reit]ation & 8 w&]+s f ! n>rative into a confusion ( details4 ,yet ,macaulay 0 imitat$ by essayi/s = fifty ye>s4 ,8 /yle 0 ! vogue4 ,& ,macaulay 9 turn _h bo? prais$ & criticiz$ 9 no feeble fa%ion 8 great pr$ecessor1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 :o _h be5 ! vogue = ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s4 ,! m5 ( greate/ reputation z critics1 ,sa9te-,beuve1 ,edmund ,gosse1 ,macaulay1 ,sa9tsbury & o!rs1 put int5sive /udy into :at !y wrote4 ,if !y 7 to review a book !y made a /udy ( ! subject ( ! book & ( ! life & m5tality ( ! au?or3 & sometimes _! production 0 ( m use to ! _w ?an ! book itself4 ,_! works are n s mu* read 9 ?is money-mak+ age1 b !y are among ! great contributions to ?\ghtful lit]ature & ! /ud5t ( j\rnalism w read !m ) great pr(it to himself4 ,= y\r own "w is to be ?\ghtful "w--"w int5d$ to p]suade & influ5ce read]s to y\r own way ( ?9k+4 ,writ+ = newspap]s diff]s f o!r lit]>y "w 9 ?is3 ! newspap] writ] has little opportunity = revision4 ,almo/ all articles = daily %eets are writt5 at a s+le sitt+4 ,! writ]s ( editorial articles h sev]al h\rs 9 :i* to compose & usually !y get a pro( %eet = revision4 ,! writ]s ( %ort news articles may read & correct _! manuscript4 ,b 9 ! big (fices z soon z ! report] :o is writ+ an article ( any consid]able l5g? has f9i%$ two or ?ree pages !y are grabb$ by an (fice boy1 hurri$ to a copy read] :o revises !m z be/ he may & ru%es !m to ! compos+ room to be typ$4 ,! writ] does n see 8 pages aga91 does n read !m ov]1 ev51 aft] writ+ !m4 ,all big reports--/ories ( great disa/]s1 ( football mat*es1 ( public meet+s or demon/rations are prep>$ ) ?is ha/e4 ,! play h\se & op]a critics compose "u ^! same try+ conditions ) no opportunity = leisurely ?\ght or revision4 ,x is difficult1 inde$1 to write ( a great p]=mance 9 a :irlw9d ( hurry1 ) less ?an two h\rs = delib]ate & consecutive ?\ght4 ,! ,fr5* critic's way ( pres5t+ a news p>agraph 9 ! edition foll[+ ! p]=mance & res]v+ a c>efully prep>$ review = a lat]-date publication comm5ds itself2 b ! ,am]ican newspap]s cont9ue to pr9t exhau/ive comm5ts on fir/-night p]=mances two or ?ree h\rs aft] ! fall ( ! curta94 ,! op]a critic has ! advantage ( att5d+ rehe>sals ( new op]as & he may prep>e p>ts ( 8 article 9 advance1 b rehe>sals are spiritless1 = p]=m]s h n ! inspiration & response ( ! audi5ce4 ,int5sity ( ?\ght & conc5tration mu/ engross ! newspap] writ]4 ,he mu/ prep>e himself by /udy & practice to ?r[ e atom ( 8 m5tal vitality into ! "w1 to write imm$iately & )\t expectation ( revision exactly :at %\ld appe> 9 ! newspap]4 ,m9d discipl9e is a p[]ful factor4 ,! man mu/ s*ool himself to "w "u conditions ( m5tal angui%1 physical di/ress1 he>t sorr[ or unhapp9ess ( any sort4 ,he _c surr5d] to moods1 :ims1 or to physical s5sations4 ,he mu/ cont9ue h\r aft] h\r1 day aft] day1 ) ! same hurry-up spe$4 ,z 9 cr[d$ ,broadway1 if y _c keep up ) ! procession y mu/ be trodd5 on or take to a side /reet1 s mu/ ! active newspap] man ev]la/+ly keep go+4 ,x is l>gely a matt] ( m9d discipl9e1 ( /udy & ( practice1 ( int5se m5tal conc5tration & ( swiftness ( ?\ght4 ,please d n und]value ! priceless b5efits ( practice--( practice t w give skill 9 say+ exactly :at y want to say ! fir/ "t y say x4 ,9 leisurely writ+ y may rewrite & *ange & make p]fect1 b 9 newspap] writ+ y h "o da% only at x )\t mu* opportunity = *ange or revision4 ,y\r reputation z a newspap] writ] hangs on t "o attempt4 ,y c cultivate ! gift ( ready spee* 9 writ+ j z _m a f9i%$ orator has cultivat$ x 9 speak+4 ,x is said ( ,presid5t ,woodr[ ,wilson t e>ly 9 8 y\? he appreciat$ ! advantages ( ready spee* & set ab\t to improve himself 9 its use4 ,he practic$ speak+ long & con/antly4 ,9 ! seclusion ( 8 room he conduct$ imag9>y debates1 talk+ to himself on fir/ "o side & !n ! o!r ( "s public "q4 ,on 8 walks1 :ile a /ud5t1 he address$ ! crags & peaks1 ! w9d+ riv]s1 ! peaceful mead[s--all = practice 9 ! quick use ( language1 ! %ad+ ( s5t5ces & ! putt+ ( emphasis on climaxes ( ?\ght & conclusion4 ,& he became "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & conv9c+ & s*ol>ly public speak]s ?is c\ntry1 or any o!r c\ntry = t matt]1 has ev] kn[n4 ,! "y writ] %\ld seek to rise above ! commonplace4 ,x 0 said ( ,ma*iavelli t 8hav+ adopt$ "s ( ! maxims !n g5]ally receiv$ he arrang$ !m m lum9\sly & express$ !m m =cibly ?an any o!r writ]40 ,! "y writ] %\ld cultivate ! art ( mak+ 8 words & s5t5ces exude ! v _s ( ! occasion--! art ( describ+ joy\s ev5ts ) joy\s words & ( %ad[+ melan*oly happ5+s 9 ! language ( gloom4 ,he %\ld seek ! faculty ( 8mak+ obscure tru? pleas+1 ( mak+ repulsive tru? attractive40 ,let him foll[ ! c\nsel ( a di/+ui%$ critic :o says3 ,*oose concrete n\ns r ?an vague1 ab/ract woolly ones4 ,use /raight=w>d spee* r ?an circumlocution4 ,rememb] t ! fir/ virtue1 ! t\*/one ( mascul9e /yle is ! use ( ! active v]b & concrete n\n4 ,:5 y write 9 ! active voice1 8,!y gave him a silv] teapot0 y write z a man4 ,:5 y write1 8,he 0 made ! recipi5t ( a silv] teapot0 y write j>gon4 ,avoid ov]work$ words is common advice to "y j\rnali/s4 ,an article 9 ! ,writ] has mu* to say ( ways by :i* ! con/ant use ( ! ^w 8said0 may be prev5t$4 8,said0 sometimes becomes monoton\s1 especially 9 ! dialogue ( fiction2 b almo/ always ano!r v]b may be f\nd to express ! au?or's mean+4 ,! ,writ] pr9t$ a li/ ( ?ree hundr$ & eighty-two v]bs1 f\nd 9 ab\t fifty magaz9e /ories1 :i* _h be5 us$ in/ead ( 8said40 ,frequ5tly ! use ( a v]b helps to make m concise z well z to avoid ! ^w 8said40 8#8,x hurts1' said ,john1 9 a compla9+ tone10 is n s good z 8#8,x hurts1' ,john compla9$40 ,aga91 8#8,please help me1' said ! begg> 9 pitiful besee*+ appeal10 is bett] express$ by 8#8,please help me1' ! begg> plead$40 ,! language is ri* 9 v]bs4 ,ano!r greatly ov]work$ ^w1 & a sl[ ^w z well1 is ! ^w 8%[40 ,x does seem z ?\gh ! av]age newspap] writ] _c ?9k ( any o!r ^w :5 he writes t 8?is action0--or 8?is ev5t0--or 8?is conclusion0--or 8?is computation %[s t0--etc41 :5 he might say1 atte/s1 ev9ces1 betok5s1 bespeaks1 implies1 indicates1 proves--or any o!r suitable v]b ( ! tw5ty-five or m he may f9d 9 a !saurus4 ,con/ant loos5ess ( spee* is f\nd 9 ! use ( explanatory phrases t might be express$ by a s+le v]b4 ,! v]b is ! he>t ( language life1 ! s\l ( expression4 ,:y1 = in/ance1 d we write1 8,he reflect$ on ! situation0 :5 8he cogitat$0 w\ld express all8 ,let u illu/rate a bit m3 ,he spoke reprov+ly to ! boy4 ,he *id$ ! boy4 ,he spoke 9 a mock+1 d]id+ mann]4 ,he je]$4 ,8 brea? came convulsively & brok5ly4 ,he gasp$4 ,!y ex*ang$ idle words & gossip4 ,!y babbl$4 ,he gave utt]ance aga9 to ! ?\ght4 ,he e*o$ ! ?\ght4 ,he 0 fill$ ) wond]4 ,he m>vel$4 ,he busi$ himself ) ! affairs ( 8 neighbors4 ,he m$dl$4 ,he ?\ght ov] ! situation4 ,he m$itat$4 ,he utt]$ a suppress$ groan4 ,he moan$4 ,%e spoke 9 l[ indi/9ct words4 ,%e mumbl$4 ,8 0 an exhibition ( empty talk4 ,he palav]$4 ,i am aw>e t ^! ?+s are elem5t>y--exce$+ly elem5t>y1 b !y are ( utmo/ import to "y newspap] writ]s4 ,slov5ly1 disjo9t$1 confus$ diction mu/ ret>d y\r progress4 ,x 0 con/ant /udy t made ,dana & ,greeley ! great j\rnali/s t !y 74 ,nei!r ( !m wa/$ a m9ute4 ,if at ! close ( ! day's "w ,dana's f9al pro( %eet 0 promis$ to him 9 sev5 m9utes he )drew f ! little revolv+ book-rack on 8 desk a copy ( ! ,greek ,te/am5t & utiliz$ ! sev5 m9utes by read+ x4 ,nev] 0 a "q ( fact rais$ b he jo9$ 9 ! se>* = ! tru? ( x 9 ! mo/ en?usia/ic mann]4 ,8 zeal & 8 int]e/ 7 a s\rce ( inspiration to ! /aff4 ,) him /udy 0 ! key to e problem4 ,:5 9 #ahhj he ask$ me to be ! manag+ editor ( ! ,sun1 ! answ] 03 8,mr4 ,dana1 ,i d n "k en\gh to be y\r manag+ editor40 8,:at d y mean by t80 0 8 "q4 8,i mean t ! manag+ editor ( y\r newspap] %\ld h wide1 ext5sive1 g5]al in=mation4 ,i "k v little ab\t politics1 or f9ance1 or art1 = in/ance4 ,a manag+ editor %\ld h exp]t k ( !m40 8,:at is ! objection to y\r devot+ a little "t ea* day to ! /udy ( ^! ?+s 9 :i* y feel y\rself defici5t10 0 ,mr4 ,dana's calm reply4 8,i did n "k s mu* ab\t !m myself1 :5 ,i fir/ came to ! city z ,i d to-day40 ,i n[ appreciate t :atev] progress ,i aft]w>d made 9 ! bus9ess came l>gely f ?is sugge/ion2 & ,i feel l pass+ x along to ! "y man :o aspires to newspap] honors4 ,h[ true x is t to a*ieve y mu/ /udy to ! limit ( y\r res\rces2 y mu/ ?9k to ! limit ( y\r intellig5ce2 y mu/ /rive to ! limit ( y\r endurance--!n y h done y\r be/ & t m>ks ! measure ( y\r success4 ,/udy--p]si/5t1 labori\s1 intellig5t /udy--is ! key to success 9 writ+4 ,occasionally a g5ius />tles ! public ) a spontane\s facility = ! use ( words & s5t5ces1 b ! o!r n9e ?\s& n9e hundr$ & n9ety n9e ( u newspap] plodd]s mu/ a*ieve our purposes by ! h>de/ k9d ( h>d "w4 ,we mu/ /udy ! d]ivation ( words1 ! v>i$ uses ( words4 ,& if we are to keep up ) ^! snappy times we mu/ hunt = /rong mascul9e n\ns1 & rapid-fire v]bs1 & /accato adjectives1 & sudd5 adv]bs4 ,almo/ always we c f9d a bett] ^w ?an ! "o t fir/ sugge/s itself1 if we hunt = x4 ,almo/ always we may %ort5 & simplify a s5t5ce if we /udy x4 ,! ^w spok5 may be =gott54 ,! ^w writt5 /&s = all "t4 ,! orator may move 8 he>]s by eloqu5ce1 by ge/ure1 by facial expression1 by ! tricks ( public speak+1 ev5 ?\gh 8 actual words be feeble or n well *os51 or 8 conclusions be n conv9c+4 ,8 words may be =gott5--c]ta9ly w n be rememb]$ unless pres]v$--b !y h be5 re9=c$ by 8 arts ( eloqu5ce1 maybe by 8 audacity ( spee*1 by 8 p]sonality1 & ! net result is favorable4 ,! orator's bluff may at times s]ve him well1 b ! words ( ! writ] mu/ /& on _! own m]it = all "t4 ,type inspires little emotion4 ,!re are few typographical tricks t cause he>t-flutt] or m5tal spasm4 ,j pla9 words alone--words1 words1 words1 ne>ly e "o ( :i* is already famili> to ! read]1 mu/ make ! writ]'s success or failure4 ,h[ important t e ^w be /udi$4 ,! "y j\rnali/ _c be urg$ too /rongly to /udy ! use ( words4 ,e ^w 9 ! language has its correct use2 a va/ numb] are us$ incorrectly4 ,y w f9d x a mo/ int]e/+ /udy4 ,if y d\bt its int]e/1 be s good z to op5 y\r diction>y to any haphaz>d page & read int5tly = fifte5 m9utes4 ,y w f9d words ! exi/5ce ( :i* y _h n kn[n1 ! mean+s ( :i* y _h n und]/ood4 ,obs]ve ! d]ivation & ! prim>y mean+ ( ! ^w & y _c miss ! prop] use4 ,y _c put "t to bett] purpose1 if y seek = excell5ce 9 ,engli% composition1 ?an by /udy+ ! ,engli% diction>y a few m9utes e day4 ,:5 a writ] is sure ( 8 in=mation1 is s9c]e 9 8 attitude1 & is eag] & en?usia/ic = its pres5tation1 ! words & ! s5t5ces usually come to him ) ease4 ,x is :5 he is %aky ov] 8 facts1 or ins9c]e1 or di%one/1 t 8 words become feeble1 & lack conv9c+ quality1 d n r+ true4 ,x is curi\s h[ (t5 di%one/ j\rnalism convicts itself ?r\gh timidity ( diction4 ,! ,engli% language is rea*+ af>4 ,^? !re are :o pr$ict t ev5tually x w be spok5 ev]y:]e4 ,already x is ! language ( m ?an two hundr$ million p]sons4 ,x w c>ry ! t\ri/ all ov] ! globe by ! e/abli%$ r\tes ( travel1--?r\gh ! /reets ( ,japan1 & ! baz>s ( ,india1 & ! ,s\? ,sea isl&s ( ! ,pacific4 ,t5nyson said to ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold3 8,x is bad = u t ,engli% w always be a spok5 spee*1 s9ce t means t x w always be *ang+ & s ! "t w come :5 y & ,i w be z h>d to read z ,*auc] is to-day40 ,inde$1 ! ,engli% language is *ang+ con/antly4 ,we are elid+ lett]s1 lopp+ (f t]m9ations1 cutt+ out phrases & aboli%+ circumlocution4 ,x is n s old a language z a score ( o!rs & e opportunity = improvem5t exi/s4 ,x is1 inde$1 8an improvable language40 ,comp>e1 if y please1 any mod]n n>rative ) ! beg9n+ ( ,*auc]'s 8,! ,tale ( ,melibeus03 ,a "y man call$ ,melibeus1 mighty & ri*e1 begat ^u 8 wif1 t call$ 0 ,prud5s1 a d\ght] :i* t call$ 0 ,sophie4 ,^u a day byfel1 t = 8 disport he is w5t into ! fields him to play4 ,8 wif & 8 d\ght] eek ha? he laft 9-) 8 h\s1 ( :i* ! dores 7 fa/ %ut4 ,?re ( 8 olde foos h x espy$1 & sett5 laddres to ! walles ( 8 h\s1 & by ! wynd[es be entr$1 & beetyn 8 wyf1 & w\ndid 8 d\ght] ) fyve mortal w\ndes 9 fyve sondry places1 t is to sayn1 9 h] feet1 9 h] hondes1 9 h] e]es1 9 h] nose1 & 9 h] m\?2 & lafte h] = de$1 & w5t away4 ,or imag9e if y c to :at small space a mod]n newspap] copy read] w\ld r$uce ! foll[+ bit ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+ prose t 0 pr9t$ 9 s*ool read]s sixty ye>s ago z an example ( graceful writ+ & felicity ( expression3 ,9 "o ( ^? somb] & r melan*oly days 9 ! latt] "p ( autumn :5 ! %ad[s ( morn+ & ev5+ almo/ m+le toge!r & ?r[ a gloom ov] ! decl9e ( ! ye> ,i pass$ sev]al h\rs rambl+ ar\nd ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,!re 0 some?+ cong5ial to ! season 9 ! m\rnful magnific5ce ( ! old pile2 &1 z ,i pass$ its ?re%hold1 x seem$ l /epp+ back into ! regions ( antiquity & los+ myself among ! %ades ( =m] ages4 ,usage is amplify+ ! s]vice ( _m words ^: prim>y mean+ is obvi\s f _! ,lat9 d]ivation4 ,dext] is ! ,lat9 ^w mean+ ! "r h&1 & /rictly speak+ 8dextr\s movem5ts0 %\ld mean "r h& movem5ts4 ,b usage has br\ght dext]ity to mean read9ess1 skill1 adroitness1 aptitude1 bo? physical or m5tal4 ,macaulay uses x con/antly 9 all ( ^! mean+s4 8,manufacture0 is easily trac$ to ! ,lat9 orig9 manus1 ! h&1 & facio1 to make--to make by h&4 ,b we h come to use 8manufacture0 = ! mak+ ( any?+1 by ma*9]y1 or *emical processes1 or 9 any way o!r ?an ) ! h&4 ,& :o %all say t ^! usages1 ^! enl>gem5ts ( ! mean+ ( dext]ity & manufacture1 h n improv$ ! ,engli% language8 ,m ?an ev] be=e is !re pres5t-day ne$ = ! use ( pla91 und]/&able ,engli%4 ,we live 9 a money-mak+ age--an age ( indu/rial developm5t1 9 :i* ma*9es are do+ ! "w t bra9s us$ to d1 9 :i* vocational & te*nical education are dem&$ ( our s*ools & colleges1 & 9 :i* ! cry = te*nical lit]ature is insi/5t4 ,exp]ts only und]/& ! te*nical words & ! language ( _! specialty1 h5ce ! cry = writ]s :o c translate te*nical language into pla9 ,engli% t any read] may und]/&4 ,dean ,we/1 ( ,pr9ceton1 has deplor$ ! inability ( _m pr(essors to tea* orally or 9 writ+ 9 any o!r language ?an ! dialect ( _! specialties4 ,lack+ 9 lit]>y tra9+ !y are unable cle>ly to say :at !y ?9k4 ,"s "o ask$ ,william ,t4 ,/ead1 ! ,engli% j\rnali/1 :e!r he w\ld h an a/ronom] or a newspap] writ] prep>e an article on sun spots1 & ,/ead's in/ant reply 0 t ! a/ronom] w\ld write x = a/ronom]s 9 language t no "o else w\ld und]/&1 b ! report] w\ld tap ! bra9 ( ! speciali/ & s s]ve out 8 k t ! ord9>y read] w\ld und]/&4 ,all ! t5d5cy ( pres5t-day writ+ is to translate te*nical language1 sci5tific t]ms1 pr(essional =mula1 & m$ical t]ms into pla9 common s5se ,engli%4 ,let ! good "w g on6 ,& let n ! "y man contemplat+ a j\rnali/ic c>e] be p]suad$ t newspap] ,engli% is n good ,engli%4 ,! m5 :o wrote = ! newspap]s ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w>1 ( ! great political movem5ts ( ,europe ( lat] ye>s1 ( our great indu/rial developm5ts1 & ( ! ,_w ,w> 9 p>ticul>1 are ! v m5 :o h rewritt5 ^! ?+s into hi/ory = magaz9es & = book publi%]s4 ,:5 !y wrote ?is in=mation = ! newspap]s1 di/+ui%$ college pr(essors & le>n$ critics call$ x 8j\rnalese02 :5 x appe>s 9 ! reviews & 9 books !y speak ( x z 8lit]ature40 ,9 praise ( newspap] writ+ z good tra9+ = writ]s1 ,anatole ,france has ?is to say3 ,x is an invet]ate prejudice to believe t "o spoils 8 p5 9 writ+ = ! newspap]s4 ,on ! contr>y "o ga9s 9 t way suppl5ess z also ease & t read9ess )\t :i* ! phrase does n move gracefully & nev] smiles4 ,x is a good s*ool say :at "o w4 ,"s ( ! mod]n ,engli% seems v practical & easy to und]/&4 ,! use ( ! words 8scrapp$0 & 8junk$0 z v]bs seems to h be5 put p]man5tly into ! language by ! ,wa%+ton ,dis>mam5t ,conf]5ce4 ,a well kn[n j\rnal says1 8,! newspap]s 7 kidd+ him10 & v likely we w h to accept 8kid0 z a v]b4 ,! entire ,navy n[ says ( a man :o goes f "o place to ano!r t he 8%oves (f40 ,x is prop] to say ( a dissatisfi$ man t he is 8peev$10 accord+ to ! diction>ies1 b its use is new4 ,food is n[ kn[n z 8eats0 & ! pleasures ( ! pipe or cig> are call$ 8smokes40 ,a rec5t head-l9e said1 8,flivv]s furni% booze to soldi]s40 ,ano!r newspap] trans=ms 8hokus0 into a v]b3 8,compla9$ t %e hokus$ him10 :ile ! s*ol>ly ,new ,republic says ( "s occupation ( y\ng/]s t 8x gives !m no "t to g on ! loose40 ,a new inv5tion br+s out a new crop ( words4 ,we h 8automobile10 8g>age10 8spe$omet]10 8lim\s9e10 8taxi10 8taximet]10 8motorboat10 8motorcycle10 8*auffeur10 all useful & necess>y additions to our ela/ic language4 ,! airplane has br\ght z _m m4 ,our slang goes on apace4 ,make y\r %eet easy to read1 z well z easy to und]/&4 ,! o!r day a morn+ pap] 9 a ,london cable said1 8,:eat sold at #fj %ill+s a qu>t] 9 ! corn m>ket to-day40 ,t s5t5ce gave ! m9d ( ! read] a jolt & a pause1 9 ! attempt to translate %ill+s & qu>t]s into c5ts & bu%els4 ,few ,am]ican read]s are famili> ) =eign languages1 h5ce all words1 z well z quotations1 9 ! ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 or o!r tongues1 %\ld be made into ,engli%4 ,p\nds1 m>ks1 & francs %\ld be comput$ into doll>s & c5ts1 kilomet]s into miles4 ,& :o kn[s :]e 9 ,new ,york ,/ate ! ,?irty-fif? ,congress ,di/rict is8 ,:y n call x ! ,syracuse di/rict8 ,or :o c tell :]e 9 ,new ,york ,city ! ,sixte5? ,prec9ct police /ation may be8 ,:y n id5tify x z ! ,m]c] ,/reet /ation8 ,on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,presid5t ,wilson's /ay 9 ,p>is he w5t to *ur* & ! ,associat$ ,press report said ! cl]gyman prea*$ f ,isaiah ix4 #i4 ,naturally ! words ( ! text 7 n transmitt$ at full cable rates2 & naturally1 too1 a c]ta9 curiosity 0 felt z to :at !y 74 ,yet ( six ,new ,york daily newspap]s exam9$1 "o only _h tak5 ! pa9s to dig out ! text & pr9t x4 ,t %eet c]ta9ly s]v$ its read]s bett] ?an did ! o!rs4 ,a little discreet exub]ance ( expression may be tol]at$ 9 newspap] writ+4 ,s5sational newspap]s d no h>m z long z !y /ick to ! tru?4 ,y may pr9t y\r editions 9 r$ ink1 ) job type1 ) headl9es a foot high if y l1 )\t o!r (f5ses ?an to exagg]ate ! importance ( y\r ann\ncem5t4 ,typographical ecc5tricity m]ely attracts att5tion4 ,x s]ves ! same purpose z does ! orator's viol5t ge/ure or ! mess5g]'s brea?less ann\ncem5t4 ,x excites curiosity1 ar\ses int]e/4 ,n[1 !re is su* a ?+ z h>mless exagg]ation4 ,x ent]s l>gely into our private life4 ,our dreams ( weal?1 ( success1 ( happ9ess are usually f> beyond ! fulfillm5t4 ,we exagg]ate our prospects1 ambitions & promises to ourselves4 ,b ?is =m ( exagg]ation is mo/ b5eficial = x is a spur to ambition & a prod to ef=t4 ,! editor is tempt$ to exagg]ation because a little exagg]ation makes x a little m int]e/+4 ,he sees t ! exagg]at$ novel sells :ile ! novel true to life is unnotic$2 t ! actor :o ge/iculates & %\ts has ! l\de/ applause2 t ! pa9t] :o outdoes nature outsells ! arti/ :o is true to fact4 ,inde$1 "s philosoph] has said t an easy road to success lies ?r\gh exagg]ation4 ,! man :o exagg]ates 8 own importance attracts m att5tion ?an ! mode/ man4 ,! m]*ant :o exagg]ates 8 w>es sells m ?an ! man :o does n4 ,s5sational cl]gym5 fill *ur*es :ile prosy ones prea* to empty b5*es4 ,x 0 ,sidney ,smi? :o rem>k$3 8,x is n ! fir/ man :o says a ?+ :o des]ves cr$it = x1 b he :o says x s long & s l\d t at la/ he p]suades ! _w t x is true40 ,macaulay rem>k$3 8,! be/ portraits are p]haps ^? 9 :i* !re is a slight mixture ( c>icature1 & we are n c]ta9 t ! be/ hi/ories are n ^? 9 :i* a little ( exagg]ation1 ( fictiti\s n>rative1 is judici\sly employ$40 ,b ! editor mu/ use exagg]ation ) great discretion1 mu/ n p]v]t ! tru?4 ,gross exagg]ation becomes d[nright ly+4 ,man's language cunn+ly adapts itself to man's ?\ghts4 ,sixty ye>s ago writ]s 7 "u ! influ5ce ( :at may be describ$ z a lit]>y age--t s-call$ gold5 age ( ! intellect t m>k$ ! e>ly ye>s ( ,victoria's reign4 ,x 0 a p]iod ( intellectual uplift4 ,p 7 ?9k+ ( lit]ature & talk+ ( lit]ature4 ,m5 hurri$ ?r\gh _! supp]s to read to ! family circle ! /ories ( ,dick5s & ,haw?orne & ,walt] ,scott4 ,! lit]>y lecture 0 popul> & p w5t to *ur* = ! lit]>y pleasure ! s]mon af=d$4 ,! newspap] editors 7 writ+ lit]ature & 7 urg+ _! /affs to r5ew$ lit]>y ef=t4 ,! magaz9es 7 conspicu\s = lit]>y excell5ce4 ,! !at]s 7 in/ructive4 ,! writ]s ( poetry & prose s\ght a nicety ( lit]>y expression1 a da9t9ess ( diction1 a legato ( language4 ,c\rses ( /udy favor$ in/ruction 9 lit]ature & lit]>y topics1 9 language & hi/ory1 9 sci5ce & philosophy4 ,& n[1 if y please1 m>k ! contra/4 ,we are liv+ 9 a bus9ess age4 ,w> has blunt$ our s5sibilities1 has made u call\s1 has co>s5$ civilization4 ,we c>e little = s-call$ polite lit]ature4 ,we want ! rugg$ k9d4 ,! family circle does n meet = lit]>y ex]cises4 ,we are ?9k+ ( comm]cialism1 ( money mak+1 ( gigantic locomotives1 ( imm5se bridges & tunnels1 ( aqu$ucts a hundr$ & ?irty miles long1 ( skyscrap+ build+s1 fly+ ma*9es1 telephones1 typewrit+ ma*9es1 typesett+ ma*9es1 electric devices4 ,we are ?9k+ ( !m until we are ?9k+ ( little else4 ,x is ! age ( ! ma*9e4 ,me*anical processes are do+ ! "w t =m]ly dem&$ m5tal skill4 ,! village blacksmi? no long] comm&s admiration by 8 picturesque & intellig5t =g+ ( ! nail & %oe--he buys !m ready made by ma*9]y4 ,! le>n$ %oemak] no long] artfully fa%ions my lady's da9ty slipp]--! %oe ma*9e pun*es x out4 ,we bawl lett]s & d9n] invitations ?r\gh t me*anical device1 ! telephone1 in/ead ( writ+ !m 9 ! old fa%ion$ c\rtly way4 ,"t 0 :5 m5 put bra9s into :at !y did ) _! h&s2 b to-day1 ma*9es r ?an bra9s are do+ ! "w ( ! _w4 ,our language & our lit]ature _c escape ! influ5ce4 ,in/ead ( ! sweetly glid+ words & s5t5ces ( ! m5 :o translat$ ! ,bible1 ! delib]ation ( ,?ack]ay1 ! ornate embelli%m5ts ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+--in/ead ( ! s(t speak+ poetry ( #ahej & ! flossy velvet prose ( #ahfj our pres5t-day writ]s are us+ :irlw9d s5t5ces & words 9 /accato t bite & scrat* & explode4 ,we are *ang+ our diction f ! niceties ( lit]>y expression to a blunt] & a co>s] =m ( expression4 ,!re c be no h>m 9 x1 h[ev]4 ,! net result is to improve ! language4 ,x is tak+ on ! additional /r5g? & agility & brevity t come ( our indu/rial activity4 ,! v magnitude ( our und]tak+s1 ! v dim5sions ( our ambitions inspire to greatness ( ?\ght & =cefulness ( spee*4 ,! r$ blood ( w> is n\ri%+ ! vitals ( our language4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,fasc9ation ,,( ,,writ+ ,,= ,,! ,,editorial ,,page ,our "y man :o has j ent]$ j\rnalism beg9s soon to look long+ly t[>d ! editorial page4 ,he wants to become an editorial writ]4 ,he longs to get into ! _w's controv]sies1 to ?ump ,presid5ts1 to cru% cab9ets1 to pulv]ize politicians1 to rebuke rul]s1 to s&bag ignorance1 s9 & sup]/ition :5ev] !y raise _! swoll5 heads4 ,8 immature notion ( editorial writ+ is to sma% into somebody or some?+4 ,he has a lot to le>n4 ,! editorial page is ! mo/ important "p ( ! newspap]4 ,x gives ! %eet its greate/ di/9ction1 its wide/ influ5ce1 its *ief reputation--gives ! editor 8 pr\de/ satisfaction4 ,x is "h t ! editor %[s to ! public ! true measure ( 8 ability & inspires ! confid5ce & ! respect ( 8 community1 if at all4 ,! editorial article is a little essay on a curr5t topic4 ,y may glorify ! topic by giv+ x conspicu\s importance 9 ! /ronge/ language at comm&1 or y may m9imize x by inane flabby comm5ts on its weake/ features & by ignor+ its ess5tials4 ,y may give x f9e lit]>y flavor1 or y may drool ov] x4 ,! tricks ( ! trade come ) practice4 ,editorial writ+ is fasc9at+4 ,to wield influ5ce always gives satisfaction4 ,= c5turies x has be5 ! ambition ( orators & writ]s to influ5ce m5's ?\ghts1 to direct m5's actions4 ,creative "w is p]haps ! mo/ enjoyable ( all "w4 ,9 ! newspap] x has come to be ! mo/ important4 ,an orig9al editorial article summons all ! creative ability ( ! writ]4 ,x is ! product ( 8 ye>s ( /udy & exp]i5ce4 ,! news dep>tm5t may be conduct$ )\t an access ( book le>n+1 = news gett+ has become s sy/ematiz$ & its pr9ciples s easy to le>n t x is difficult to inv5t a new way ( treat+ ! news4 ,b be=e y h be5 an editorial writ] _m mon?s y w h call$ into preci\s use all ( y\r reason+ p[]s1 all ( y\r philosophy1 all ( ! pr9ciples ( life & ( conduct y may h obs]v$4 ,^! mod]n days are big ) new discov]ies & !y are fir/ made public ?r\gh ! newspap]s4 ,!y give glori\s opportunity = special /udy1 = ma/]y ( ! subject2 n necess>ily a pr(\nd f9ality ( k ( x1 b a k compreh5sive en\gh to write ab\t x1 a k fasc9at+ 9 itself z a /udy--en\gh to give its possessor advantage 9 social conv]sation & receptiv5ess ( m9d = any new developm5t ( ! subject4 ,& x a/oni%es to discov] :at a lot ( in=mation may be _h f j a few h\rs ( acute m5tal conc5tration on a giv5 subject4 ,9 ^! mod]n times ! lit]ature1 ev5 ! textbooks ( ev]y?+ new1 are quickly available4 ,! book publi%]s nev] 7 s al]t or s spry to furni% te*nical k4 ,su* facilities = practical /udy nev] 7 kn[n4 ,m]e m5tion to ! mod]n libr>ian ( ! nature ( ! in=mation s\ght br+s y volumes on ! subject 9 a tw9kl+4 ,9 l>ge cities :]e ! newspap]s are opul5t & l>ge /affs are employ$1 ! editorial writ] is expect$ to produce "o article only ea* day4 ,if x be = a morn+ %eet he has a few h\rs 9 :i* to prep>e x2 if x be = an ev5+ edition x mu/ be writt5 quickly4 ,b ! numb] ( opul5t newspap]s is few 9 comp>ison ) ! numb] n able to h l>ge /affs4 ,9 almo/ all ,am]ican daily newspap]s ! editorial writ] is expect$ to furni% sev]al articles e day4 ,always he is hurri$4 ,he has little "t = /udy or = prop] ?\ght4 ,8 task tempts to a condition ( r\t9e ?\ght2 tempts to ! utt]ance ( ! obvi\s1 to imitation & ! reproduction ( ! ?\ghts ( o!rs4 ,hurri$ writ+ usually is slov5ly writ+ & t is a reason :y n9e-t5?s ( our editorial writ+ is m$iocre4 ,! editorial writ] %\ld devote mu* "t to /udy4 ,n 9 any o!r pr(ession is !re great] necessity = /udy1 great] use = ! k t is p[]4 ,! editor ^: cranium is cramm$ ) facts has great advantage ov] ! editor ^: cranium is empty1 = ! m9d1 especially ! editorial m9d1 fe$s on facts4 ,! editor mu/ furni% in=mation & comm5t on a multitude ( facts widely div]se 9 !mselves1 topics treat+ ( e phase ( human life1 e %ade ( animate or inanimate condition4 ,he mu/ /udy ! topic en\gh to write on x skillfully4 ,he mu/ conv9ce ! read] ( 8 ma/]y ( ! subject4 ,bulw] ,lytton's reit]ation t 8,k is p[]0 f9ds con/ant v]ification 9 newspap] edit+4 ,almo/ all newspap] editorial articles1 critiques ( ! drama or ( music1 & all news articles are writt5 at a s+le sitt+ & "u ! con/ant admonition to 8hurry up0 bo? m9d & movem5t4 ,! writ] mu/ acquire ! art ( in/ant conc5tration ( ?\ght on ! "o subject1 ( in/antly recall+ prec$5ts & ( quickly =esee+ results4 ,?is ev]la/+ hurry is a s]i\s drawback to good newspap] mak+2 b x is a p[]ful inc5tive1 also1 to quick ?9k+4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! politician1 t (t5 he mu/ act be=e he has read or ?\ght1 is s+ul>ly true ( ! editor4 ,! editorial writ] mu/ und]/& ! political & comm]cial & social que/ions ( ! h\r & mu/ be prep>$ to hop "r into a discussion ( !m at a mom5t's notice4 ,he mu/ tra9 himself to use quick judgm5t & to arrive at quick conclusions4 ,news intellig5ce may be s pres5t$ t x w h quick influ5ce on ! read]4 ,(t5 x may produce fla% conclusions t may be rev]s$ by next day's news4 ,_m read]s glance at headl9es & quickly scan news columns & are influ5c$ by :at !y see )\t giv+ x a scrap ( intellectual reflection4 ,b ! editorial writ] mu/ h real m]it to influ5ce o!r m54 ,he mu/ possess ! art ( composition1 ( ready spee*1 ( c>ry+ conviction4 ,he n only ?9ks = 8 read]1 b he seeks to p]suade ! read] to 8 way ( ?9k+4 ,b always ! editorial article %\ld be a help to ! read]1 %\ld in=m1 int]e/1 expla91 elucidate z well z influ5ce4 ,! mod]n headl9e arti/ has solv$ ! problem ( attract+ ! read]'s att5tion4 ,! editorial writ] has n ! advantage ( typographical ecc5tricity to help him2 he mu/ attract & conv9ce by :at he says4 ,x is difficult to indicate1 ev5 mu* less to advise ! /ud5t ( j\rnalism1 h[ to /udy = editorial writ+--s va/ is ! field ( desirable k4 ,b fir/ ( all he mu/ read ! newspap]s & ! p]iodical publications1 = he mu/ und]/& ! topics t are engag+ public ?\ght4 ,! editor mu/ absorb & rememb] a mass ( curr5t facts t w n be record$ 9 textbooks & hi/ories = mon?s or ye>s to come if inde$ !y ev] are record$4 ,! newspap]s are ! fir/ to record great ev5ts1 ! weekly press is next1 & ! magaz9es !n foll[4 ,hi/ories & textbooks come along lat]4 ,no o!r way ( keep+ up ) public ev5ts has be5 discov]$4 ,! process is easy & int]e/+1 h[ev]4 ,!re %\ld be ?\ghtful /udy ( ! great pr9ciples t gov]n human conduct4 ,all hi/ory is useful4 ,& obvi\sly ! editor _c "k too mu* ( ! fundam5tals ( gov]nm5t1 ( law1 diplomacy1 politics1 & political causes1 ( f9ance1 taxation1 philan?ropy1 ! relations ( labor & capital & s on--! li/ is endless4 ,! s*ools ( j\rnalism give mu* att5tion to ^! ess5tials4 ,_! c\rses are prep>$ ) great wisdom = ! atta9m5t ( practical k4 ,"y m5 :o w\ld be j\rnali/s w pr(it greatly by /udy 9 ^! s*ools4 ,9 almo/ all ( ! l>ge newspap] (fices !re is a daily editorial c\ncil compos$ ( ! editorial writ]s1 ! manag+ editor1 ! city editor1 ! =eign editor1 & sometimes ! ,sunday editor1 & ! special writ]s4 ,?is c\ncil meets at ! beg9n+ ( ! newspap] day4 ,! ev5ts ( ! mom5t h in=mal discussion & a g5]al conclusion is indicat$ by ! editor z to :at mu/ be ! editorial attitude t[>d !m4 ,?us ! editorial policy ( ! %eet is und]/ood by all4 ,! editor assigns to ! writ]s _! topics = discussion4 ,! editor indicates ! pap]'s policy t[>d all public que/ions & ! editorial page is j :at he makes x4 ,! newspap] does n rise above its editor4 ,8 assi/ants write z he directs & wi%es1 )\t "q1 reg>dless ( _! p]sonal convictions z to ! wisdom ( ! policy or _! p]sonal attitude t[>d x4 ,b an assi/ant is n (t5 ask$ to write contr>y to 8 convictions4 ,! editor usually revises all editorial page articles & 8 /aff does n return = night "w z 0 ! practice ( morn+ newspap] editorial writ]s fifty ye>s ago4 ,"o editorial writ] rema9s to comm5t briefly on any extraord9>y news t may develop4 ,?is *ange 9 g5]al newspap] practice 0 inspir$ by ! late ,*>les ,a4 ,dana :o urg$ t all editorial comm5t %\ld be prep>$ ) great delib]ation & ?\ghtfulness1 t ha/ily writt5 articles 7 p]functory or 7 expression ( ! obvi\s4 ,he want$ n ! editorial expression writt5 at midnight = publication at two ,a4 ,m4 & ! o!r editors came to 8 way ( ?9k+ & do+4 ,little *ange has be5 made 9 ! appe>ance ( ! editorial page 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s4 ,! make-up rema9s ab\t ! same1 ! mo/ important article or 8! lead]0 occupy+ fir/ place1 ! o!r articles tap]+ (f 9 ! ord] ( _! suppos$ goodness or importance4 ,few new features are se54 ,! column or two ( lett]s to ! editor appe> ) ! same regul>ity & 9 ! same place z !y did fifty ye>s ago1 writt51 z !n1 = ! mo/ "p by p]sons :o delight to see _! names 9 pr9t1 :o l to f9d fault or criticize1 :o seek to exploit a hobby or a preci\s project = re=m+ some?+4 ,nev]!less1 _m lett]s to ! editor are ( great value1 in=mative1 sugge/ive1 orig9al4 ,"s ( ! newspap] controv]sies 9 :i* ! public takes "p are amus+ & in/ructive4 ,_m ( ! lett]s to ! editor are writt5 by ! editor himself--an easy1 conv5i5t device = avoid+ p]sonal responsibility = ! s5tim5t exploit$4 ,! increase 9 ! size ( newspap]s has be5 t m pages ( news & dep>tm5t features may be add$4 ,! editorial page has rema9$ un*ang$4 ,inde$1 in/ead ( additional editorial articles foll[+ increase ( ! %eet's size ! t5d5cy has be5 to pr9t less comm5t4 ,we h quadrupl$ ! volume ( space devot$ to g5]al news1 to sports1 to f9ancial reports1 b h actually less5$ ! numb] ( columns c>ry+ editorial articles4 ,b we note decid$ *ange 9 ! editorial articles !mselves1 9 ! *oice ( topics = comm5t1 9 ! "*1 ! quality1 ! _s ( discussion1 9 ! diction4 ,! old "t editorial page 0 devot$ almo/ entirely to politics4 ,x 0 ! expression ( a /rongly p>tisan editor & 0 sur*>g$ ) vitup]ation & abuse ( 8 p]sonal & political enemies & ( ! opposition c&idates4 8,y lie1 y villa92 & y "k y lie0 0 "o ( ! g5tl] =ms ( argum5t 9 common use4 ,! ability ( ! enemy c&idate & ! quality ( 8 political pr9ciples 7 treat$ ) unfairness & contempt4 ,?is unfairness flavor$ news reports z well4 ,i di/9ctly rememb] a meet+ ( ?ree ?\s& h[l+1 %\t+1 p>tisan lunatics alive ) vim & bur/+ ) en?usiasm all hone/ly int]e/$ 9 _! cause2 & !y 7 describ$ next morn+ by an opposition newspap] z a h&ful ( sil5t1 melan*oly1 deject$1 drool+ curiosity seek]s & vagrants :o _h crawl$ into ! hall to keep w>m4 ,b ! mod]n newspap] has ceas$ to be a rigid p>tisan organ4 ,x is mu* m mod]ate ( discussion4 ,!re is less acrimoni\s attack on public m51 less political misrepres5tation1 less unfairness t[>d any oppon5t4 ,inde$1 x is common en\gh n[adays = an editor to make a fair & hone/ pres5tation ( ! opposition argum5t be=e und]tak+ to demoli% x4 ,x always has be5 a "q :e!r excessive vitup]ation & v5om\s attack h z mu* influ5ce z temp]ate reason+ & ! mod]ate expression ( righte\s conclusions4 ,x is easy to call names--to call a man a ?ief or a li>--& ! p]sonal j\rnalism ( fifty ye>s ago rang ) su* language4 ,! editorial writ+ ( to-day is mod]ation itself comp>$ ) ! old "t k9d4 ,ev5 m conspicu\s is ! *ange 9 ! *oice ( topics select$ = editorial discussion4 ,politics dom9at$ f\r-fif?s ( ! old "t page1 day aft] day4 ,! /irr+ ev5ts prec$+ & succe$+ ! ,civil ,w> ar\s$ great int]e/ 9 political pr9ciples & 9 political lead]%ip4 ,x 0 a cont9u\s p]=mance ( political /rife involv+ ! issues ( secession1 ! ext5sion ( slav]y to ! new /ates1 ! conduct ( ! w>1 & ! multitude ( complications & consequ5ces att5d+ recon/ruction4 ,! p]iod betwe5 #ahej & #ahgj 0 p]haps ! mo/ important politically 9 ,am]ican hi/ory aft] ! ,revolution4 ,! ,am]ican editor 0 9 8 glory4 ,j at t "t ! ,victorian era ( lit]ature 0 at full gr[?4 ,x 0 a lit]>y age4 ,we are liv+ j n[ 9 a comm]cial age & comm]cialism engrosses public att5tion4 ,x is *ang+ our processes ( ?9k+1 *ang+ our *oice ( editorial topics f political & lit]>y topics to comm]cial topics1 *ang+ our diction f ! smoo?ly fl[+ ornate s5t5ces ( ! ,victorian era to a blunt]1 m robu/ =m ( expression t tells :at x wants to say 9 a /accato ( fewe/1 %orte/ words4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! pla9 robu/ writ+ ( ! day we miss mu* ( ! pleasure ( read+4 ,9 ! ev]la/+ hunt = fact1 = practical in=mation1 !re is less food = ! imag9ation1 less sugge/ion on :i* we may enl>ge ! imag9ation4 ,our ?\ghts are direct$ 9 ma!matical l9es1 9 practical directions4 ,!re is less ( ! s5tim5tal4 ,politics we mu/ h ) u always1 b ! r\t9e politics ( ord9>y times d n especially int]e/ ! public4 ,x is 9 ! few mon?s ( a presid5tial campaign only t we f9d ! ,am]ican p approa*+ political excitem5t4 ,an ,edison te/ ( political k w\ld br+ _m ( u to grief4 ,h[ _m read]s ( ^! l9es1 = in/ance1 c "n ! (fic]s ( _! /ate *os5 at ! late/ election1 or c "n ! /ate's delegation 9 ,congress1 or c give ev5 ! "n ( ea* memb] ( ! ,presid5t's cab9et & ! po/ he occupies8 ,always !re mu/ be love = good lit]ature among ! cultur$1 b ! mass ( ! p c>e less = lit]ature ?an !y did fifty ye>s ago :5 ! lit]ature ( ! ,victorian p]iod 0 upp]mo/ 9 ?\ght4 ,9 ! l>g] (fices !re are f six to t5 editorial /aff writ]s :o g to ! editorial rooms daily4 ,! editor has at comm& always a numb] ( editorial writ]s :o contribute 9 ! l9e ( _! specialties--! writ] on m$ical topics1 ! army & navy exp]ts1 ! me*anical eng9e]1 ! man :o is au?ority on geographical rese>*1 ! exp\nd] ( f9ancial & comm]cial topics1 & s on4 ,^! m5 are useful adjuncts to ! /aff & !y are 9 con/ant dem&4 ,x is q ! practice = editorial writ]s to specialize on a few topics1 to become (fice au?ority on !m1 to be able to expla91 elucidate1 con/ruct1 ) t au?ority & conviction :i* exp]t k alone c inspire--to assure ! orator confid5tly t he has evad$ ! ma9 "q1 to riddle ! pret5sion ( a di%one/ promot]1 or ! fabrications ( a fake explor]1 or ! vapor+s ( a scrubby sci5ti/4 ,! newspap] has to disclose ! humbug ( ! _w z well z its realities4 ,j at ! mom5t 7#aibb7 ! _w is 9 confusion 9 consequ5ce ( ! great w> & ! exp]t writ] is 9 dem& to solve ! problems gr[+ out ( a va/ recon/ruction4 ,! writ] :o und]/&s ! fundam5tals ( diplomacy1 or ( trade & comm]ce1 ( gov]nm5t1 ( int]national law is welcome 9 newspap] (fices4 ,moreov]1 x is *e]+ to recognize t y "k z mu* ab\t a giv5 topic z does any "o else4 ,to d editorial page writ+ is ! ambition ( ne>ly all "y j\rnali/s4 ,! (fice h\rs are fix$ & %ort :5 comp>$ ) ^? ( ! re/ ( ! /aff4 ,! writ] has m "t = /udy & recreation4 ,he has ! satisfaction ( do+ ! highe/ grade ( newspap] "w4 ,8 responsibility is n excessive = 8 articles are subject to revision & to criticism 9 advance ( publication4 ,x is clean1 :olesome intellectual "w ) a m9imum likelihood = mi/ake or error4 ,b1 9 ! l>g] cities ! editorial writ]'s "w is anonym\s4 ,he is little kn[n except by 8 associates1 = ! practice ( sign+ editorial articles has n become common4 ,! names ( o!r writ]s are made conspicu\s4 ,! man :o describes ! f9ancial situation1 ! bridge :i/ savant1 "s ( ! book review]s1 ! playh\se critics1 ev5 ! writ]s ( base ball games & prize fights1--^! are p]mitt$ to pr9t _! names at ! head ( _! columns4 ,n s ! editorial writ]s al?\gh !y p]=m ! highe/ s]vice = ! newspap]1 do+ ! "w requir+ ! mo/ bra9s & ! sev]e/ /udy4 ,if "o ( !m writes an especially notewor?y article ! editor 9 *ief q likely gets ! cr$it = x f ! public4 ,editorial writ+ requires a diff]5t lit]>y t\* f t ( pla9 n>ration4 ,x is h>d] to cat* ! knack ( x4 ,! special article or news report gives in=mation only2 ! editorial article seeks to p]suade1 or expla91 or amuse4 ,x mu/ attract ! read]'s att5tion & x is ! writ]'s art ( comb9+ *at1 in=mation & op9ion t accompli%es ?is result4 ,its opportunities = lit]>y p]fection are limitless4 ,e possible conceit1 or trick ( language1 argum5t1 invective1 ridicule1 s>casm1 humor1 frolic1 pa?os1 e elem5t t ent]s lit]ature1 may be indulg$ 91 & ! m /rik+ ! m successful4 ,always ! editorial article %\ld h a purpose4 ,always exi/s ! opportunity = nicety ( language1 = t use ( words to befit ! ?\ght t con/itutes good composition4 ,! editorial writ] mu/ n =get t almo/ all read]s seek to be amus$ r ?an in/ruct$4 8,i _h n ?\ght ( t be=e0 is a common comm5t ( ! newspap] read]4 ,b ! editor _h ?\ght ( x because he _h be5 taught to ?9k4 ,he mu/ be in=m$ ( ! _w's ev5ts & be prep>$ to tell ! read] exactly :at !y mean4 ,let x be impress$ on ! "y man 9 j\rnalism t he mu/ le>n to expla9 z well z to record4 ,& let x be repeat$ t he mu/ expect to ?9k = t v l>ge proportion ( 8 read]s :o f lack ( "t & f =ce ( habit & f inability because !y h n practic$ x1 are unable1 unaid$1 to diagnose & draw conclusions f ! burn+ que/ions ( ! day4 ,y _c give bett] s]vice ?an by expla9+ ! alpha & ! omega ( important ev5ts4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,:at ,,to ,,pr9t--,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,h[ ,,to ,,int]e/ ,,& ,,in=m ,,! ,,read] ,9 8 m$itations ov] newspap] possibilities ! late ,joseph ,pulitz] f\nd himself reason+ t ! exi/+ newspap]s 7 writt5 above ! und]/&+ ( ! multitudes & consequ5tly 7 n read by !m4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ! metropolitan di/rict population read no daily newspap] because ! prices ( ! %eets 7 high & because editorial utt]ances 7 8ov] _! heads10 7 too pr(\nd1 too argum5tative1 too s*ol>ly4 ,mr4 ,pulitz] pictur$ to himself a newspap] s simple ( spee* & s simple ( editorial expression t ?is va/ population c\ld und]/& x4 ,he pur*as$ ! ,new ,york ,_w1 r$uc$ its price1 tri$ to make x appeal to ! masses1 & be=e long he _h atta9$ a v great circulation & a v great =tune4 ,n[1 ,mr4 ,pulitz] accompli%$ ?is result by contemplat+ 8 newspap] f ! viewpo9t ( ! read] r ?an f t ( ! editor4 ,he gave ! p some?+ !y _h want$4 ,giv+ ! public :at x wants is ! sure/ way ( secur+ a horde ( read]s4 ,8 read+ matt] 0 mild2 ! typography spectacul>4 ,he attract$ att5tion ) headl9es a foot high & ) lett] press t look$ l ?ickly wov5 b>b$ wire f5ce4 ,"o half ! page 0 daub$ ) blot*es ( black type & ! o!r half 0 sme>$ ) r$ ink4 ,b typographical ecc5tricity alone does little h>m2 x's a "q ( ta/e4 ,mr4 ,pulitz] _h made 8 great success on ! l9es indicat$ above & 0 brea?+ easily4 ,x 0 n until ano!r man came along :o outdid ,mr4 ,pulitz] 9 multiple exagg]ations ( ! same game t ! c\ntry saw ! mo/ riot\s j\rnalism ev] kn[n any:]e4 ,mr4 ,pulitz]'s e>ly ef=ts at s5sationalism 7 z a smok+ a% b>rel :5 comp>$ ) ! ,vesuvius ( volcanic flame & melt$ lava t foll[$4 ,t ,mr4 ,he>/ w\ld collect a bigg] mob ( read]s 0 inevitable1 b ,mr4 ,pulitz] lo/ no read]s & ga9$ _m4 ,bo? e/abli%m5ts kept up ! conte/ z long z circulations cont9u$ to gr[2 b ) ! pause ( ! rocket rise ?+s began to simm] d[n to a less spectacul> spl5dor ( insanity4 ,! inflammation ( ! imag9ation subsid$ & gradually !y approa*$ ! r\t9e & ! respectability ( ! o!r newspap]s4 ,x 0 ! same old /ory--! /ory s famili> to e j\rnali/ ( rip5+ ye>s--( build+ up a newspap] circulation by spectacul> me?ods & !n relaps+ into ord9>y goodness ) a delib]ation s gradual t ! read] does n notice ! *ange4 ,= e editor kn[s t ! m details ( s91 vice1 & crime he crams into 8 newspap] ! m copies ( t newspap] w be sold2 & e editor kn[s t ! mo/ subtle temptation t besets him is ! temptation to pr9t ! ?+s t %\ld n be pr9t$ & t temptation is ! m acute because he kn[s t ! p want to read !m4 ,aye6 !re's ! rub6 ,! p want ! s5sational /uff4 ,! v s5sational newspap]s sell ?ree or f\r times z _m copies z d ! cons]vative ones4 ,! proportion is ev5 l>g] 9 ,london & ,p>is4 ,9 our l>ge cities almo/ all ! newspap]s ( great circulation began ! build+ up process by audaci\s s5sationalism2 z !y became prosp]\s !y became mod]ate4 ,joseph ,addison ( long-ago lit]>y fame recogniz$ ! public lik+ = s5sation4 ,he says 9 ,! ,spectator3 8,at ! same "t ,i am v s5sible t no?+ spreads a pap] l private calumny & defamation40 ,& ! ,rev4 ,lyman ,abbott1 9 rebuk+ ! s5sational press1 0 mov$ to rem>k3 8,is ! def5se ( ! newspap] t x mu/ give ! public :at x wants a good "o8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly no6--no m ?an ! sell+ ( :iskey1 opium1 /ale fi% or decay$ vegetables4 ,! editor is or ought to be a public tea*]40 ,! popul> ta/e t dem&s ?is s5sational sort ( newspap] /imulant attract$ ! notice ( ,lafcadio ,he>n1 :o rem>ks3 8,ev]y:]e !re is a public ( ?is k9d to :om la*rymose emotion & mawki% s5tim5t give ! same k9d ( pleasure t black1 r$1 & blaz+ yell[ give to ! eyes ( little *ildr5 & savages40 ,conv]sely1 ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor is read by ?\s&s ( p]sons = ! reason n s mu* t x repres5ts a religi\s emotion z t x pr9ts :olesome news free f spasm4 8,x reflects ! true balance ( ! _w's "w & refuses to see only ! evil & morbid happ5+s 9 x & let x appe> t !y are ! prepond]ant =ces ( ! _w's ef=ts4 ,?us x emphasizes ! dec5t ?+s1 ! h]oic ?+s1 ! ?+s wor? :ile40 ,) fairly good s]vice ! ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor pres5ts ! news ( ! day1 & x especially appeals to p>5ts :o wi% to keep ! t>t news reports ( ! secul> press f _! *ildr54 ,:at to pr9t8 ,t is a qu]y t has di/urb$ _m an editor's nightcap4 ,s mu* dep5ds on ! editorial purpose4 ,if ! editor seeks to h a :olesome influ5ce1 seeks to d good1 seeks a reputation = hone/y ( purpose & hone/y ( community s]vice he naturally w /ick to a cons]vative c\rse2 = someh[1 exagg]ation & s5sationalism1 n to m5tion falsehood1 d n seem q to h>monize ) moral precepts2 nor d !y inspire confid5ce 9 ! editor's influ5ce4 ,! cons]vative %eets are dull]1 b !y are tru/$ ! m--& public confid5ce is a mighty f9e f\ndation on :i* to build a heal?y circulation4 ,_m p]sons read ! same newspap] = ye>s & ye>s4 ,!y become us$ to its ways1 to its arrangem5t ( news & topics2 & !y h confid5ce 9 its integrity4 ,x comes to be almo/ a spiritual consolation to !m4 ,!y swe> by x & !y believe 9 x j z !y believe 9 _! pa/or or _! family physician4 ,?is is especially true ( read]s 9 ! small] cities & villages al?\gh x prevails ev]y:]e4 ,n[1 x behooves ! editor to nurse ?is attitude1 = once x gets hold on a community x is h>d to dislodge4 ,x gr[s l a riv] aft] spr+ ra9s1 sl[ly b surely increas+ 9 volume & 9 /r5g?4 ,! p b\ght ,greeley's ,tribune because !y believ$ t ,greeley 0 hone/4 ,!y 7 will+ to be influ5c$ by :at he said4 ,= ! same reason ,b[les's ,spr+field ,republican became popul> & prosp]\s4 ,?r\gh\t ! c\ntry we h repeat$ in/ances ( newspap]s hav+ ! confid5ce ( ! community because !y are hone/ly conduct$4 ,! ,new ,york ,times is p]haps our mo/ gratify+ exhibit ( a newspap] advanc$ to supreme success by cons]vative me?ods4 ,free f exagg]ation ( /atem5t1 or typographical appe>ance1 or hy/]ia ( any sort1 x has gr[n to great circulation & influ5ce4 ,mr4 ,o*s plann$ ?is result on ! !ory ( giv+ to ea* read] ! ?+s 9 :i* he 0 p]sonally int]e/$1 pr9t+ ! news 9 su* volume z to attract a great v>iety ( int]e/s4 ,! lawy] f\nd ! full c\rt cal5d>1 ! real e/ate man a record ( e sale1 ! sport+ en?usia/ ! result ( e game4 ,rev]sal ( political policy has damag$ ! prosp]ity ( _m a newspap]4 ,9 #ahgb ! ,new ,york ,tribune1 ! ,*icago ,tribune1 & ! ,c9c9nati ,comm]cial ,tribune1 t _h built up l>ge circulations & _h secur$ a pr(itable bus9ess z ,republican newspap]s1 bolt$ ! nom9ation ( ! ,republican c&idate1 ,presid5t ,grant1 & support$ ,horace ,greeley1 ! ,lib]al ,democratic nom9ee1 = ! presid5cy4 ,!y lo/ m ?an half ( _! read]s4 ,9 #ahhd1 ! ,new ,york ,times1 t always _h be5 unfl9*+ly ,republican1 bolt$ ! nom9ation ( ,james ,g4 ,bla9e & support$ ! c&idacy ( ,grov] ,clevel&1 ! ,democratic /&>d be>]4 ,x lo/ half ( its read]s4 ,9 ! same campaign1 ! ,sun1 ( ,new ,york1 t h]et(ore _h favor$ ! ,democratic cause1 bolt$ ,clevel&4 ,x lo/ m ?an half ( its read]s4 ,_m o!r in/ances ( loss ( circulation 9 consequ5ce ( *ange ( political policy might be giv54 ,newspap] editors ( long memories expect popul> res5tm5t ( a turn-coat policy & !y give great consid]ation to any *ange be=e mak+ x4 ,no am\nt or degree ( c>ess+ talk or pussy-paw argum5t seems to soo! ! man ^: politics or religion has be5 attack$4 ,also1 if y attack a man's politics or 8 religion y are likely to make t man y\r enemy--& almo/ e man has a trace ( politics or religion 9 8 makeup4 ,he reg>ds x z a p]sonal assault on himself4 ,he also res5ts criticism ( a fri5d or ( ! object ( 8 h]o wor%ip4 ,! newspap] t attack$ ,g5]al ,grant :5 ,grant 0 ! idol ( ! nation1 :5 he 0 wor%ip$ because he _h l$ our armies to victory1 t newspap] lo/ ?\s&s ( read]s & its editor lo/ a ho/ ( 8 p]sonal fri5ds4 ,! newspap] t attack$ ! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*] ) m viol5ce ?an did any o!r newspap]1 at ! "t ( ! fam\s ,bee*] trial1 lo/ ?ree or f\r ?\s& ( its read]s a day :ile ! attacks cont9u$4 ,! public _h become greatly excit$ & divid$ ov] ! "q ( ,mr4 ,bee*]'s guilt or innoc5ce4 ,neighbors %ook fi/s 9 ea* o!r's faces on ,brooklyn /reet corn]s & ! angry controv]sy spread all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,! *ur* p 9 g5]al *ampion$ ! pa/or & _! def5se ( him came at l5g?1 9 a way1 to be reg>d$ z a def5se ( religion z well1 & ! newspap] assaults z an attack on religion4 ,we h said t x behooves ! editor :o has ! confid5ce ( 8 con/itu5ts to nurse t confid5ce--t a circulation bas$ on confid5ce is n easily lo/4 ,nev]!less1 x is fatal to mislead ! public4 ,x is dang]\s to circulation to g aga9/ public s5tim5t4 ,a k ( public s5tim5t & ! ability to anticipate public s5tim5t are brilliants1 inde$1 9 ! editor's jewelbox ( sagacity4 ,! absolutely fe>less editor :o values 8 op9ion m ?an he values 8 income1 w slam into ! public's mo/ *]i%$ notions if he ?9ks he is "r4 ,he w take a viol5t attitude on all public que/ions4 ,! timid editor %uns controv]sy4 ,8 policy is to praise r ?an to condemn4 ,he fe>s unpopul>ity4 ,he kn[s t to lamba/e ! city gov]nm5t is to lose ! city pr9t+4 ,he /rives to please ev]ybody1 to avoid antagoniz+ any l>ge "p ( ! community4 ,! fe>less editor disreg>ds consequ5ces2 ! timid editor avoids !m4 ,mr4 ,dana us$ to say3 8,we mu/ make ! pap] talk$ ab\t4 ,we mu/ make x m int]e/+4 ,! p w n buy x if x is dull40 ,conc]n+ a piece ( inconsequ5tial news t he _h clipp$ f its columns he wrote3 8,?is is n good4 ,x is too commonplace4 ,!re is no poetry 9 x4 ,a blockhead might h writt5 x40 ,he abhorr$ ! commonplace4 ,he urg$ con/antly t m9or r\t9e news be put aside = any?+ bright or unusual1 t v]bal t$i\sness be hoot$ out ( ! place4 ,he lov$ lit]ature4 ,he appreciat$ & prais$ good writ+ & he inspir$ 8 /aff to en?usiasm = x1 & to sup]excell5ce ( workman%ip4 ,mr4 ,dana *ose to lead public op9ion r ?an be l$ by x4 ,he wrote ) extraord9>y =cefulness & ) entire disreg>d1 ) absolute unconc]n1 z to ! effect ( 8 utt]ances on ! circulation ( ! pap]4 ,repeat$ly he pr9t$ articles t he knew mu/ co/ him ?\s&s ( read]s4 ,greeley's idea 0 to pr9t a newspap] ( national importance & national influ5ce2 & t meant ( c\rse ! pr9t+ ( a lot ( national politics4 ,he s\ght to be a great political lead]1 to be ! *ampion ( 8 p>ty4 ,he 0 little int]e/$ z a j\rnali/ 9 ! ord9>y run ( news4 ,:itelaw ,reid1 :o succe$$ ,greeley z editor ( ! ,new ,york ,tribune1 once said3 8,! ?+ always =gott5 by ! close/ critics ( ! newspap]s is t ! newspap]s mu/ be measurably :at _! read]s make !m1 :at _! con/itu5ts call = & su/a940 ,reid wi%$ ! ,tribune to be ( national importance4 ,8 rem>k naturally recalls ! cont9u\s p]=mance discussion z to :e!r ! newspap]s lead ! p or :e!r public op9ion leads ! newspap]s4 ,b we mu/ agree1 ,i am sure1 t x is useless to give ! p :at !y d n want4 ,h[ c we be/ int]e/ ! read]8 ,p enjoy read+ ab\t ! ?+s 9 :i* !y h p>ticipat$4 ,if y h att5d$ a public meet+ y foll[ ) pleasure ! newspap] report ( t meet+4 ,y are grateful to recognize ?+s y rememb] ! speak] to h said4 ,if y h be5 to ! !at] y want to read a report or a criticism ( ! p]=mance4 ,y are pleas$ especially if ! critic m5tions "s good or poor feature t y _h notic$4 ,x is a sort ( v]ification ( y\r judgm5t4 ,y feel a s5se ( p]sonal p>ticipation 9 ! article4 ,! same is true ( ! op]a or a music ev5t4 ,all ^! ?+s are con/antly recurr+1 & report]s & critics are likely to become s famili> ) !m t _! importance becomes obscur$4 ,?is is true ( op]a & !at] notices4 ,! op]a critic :o has be5 li/5+ to ,fau/ = ?irty ye>s ceases to write mu* ab\t x2 b ! "y p]son :o he>s ! op]a = ! fir/ "t is disappo9t$ because s little is pr9t$ ab\t ! p]=mance4 ,we are mu* m int]e/$ 9 acc\nts ( ! ball games1 ! prize fights1 ! conte/s ( any sort t we h se5 ?an we c be 9 ^? n se54 ,to ! man or woman 9 society ! news ( society is inf9itely m ?an m]e gossip4 ,! society man ( any pret5sion mu/ "k :at society folk are do+1 mu/ be in=m$ ( _! e movem5t4 ,8 newspap] gives ! h9t = _m lett]s4 ,he mu/ congratulate ! family ^: daught]'s engagem5t is ann\nc$4 ,he mu/ sympa?ize ) ! b]eav$4 ,society news has ! p]sonal note1 & p]sonalities sell newspap]s4 ,cram y\r %eet ) !m1 "y man6 ,we are liv+ 9 a comm]cial age1 a money-mak+ age4 ,p are ?9k+ z nev] be=e ( money accumulation & bus9ess expansion4 ,! j\rnali/ic t5d5cy ( ! h\r is to exalt ! practical & m9imize ! s5tim5tal4 ,w> has made u money mad4 ,we note a gr[+ fasc9ation = articles ( ! practical1 ( h[ great =tunes are develop$1 ( h[ money is made & lo/1 ( h[ ! poor become ri* & ! ri* become poor--/ories ( bus9ess con/ruction involv+ millions1 ( ! application ( inv5tion to ev]yday ne$s4 ,?is k9d ( n>rative includes ! recital ( p]sonal successes1 h[ ! quick-witt$ boy becomes a capta9 ( indu/ry1 h[ ,nature's =ces are utiliz$ & ,nature's secrets are turn$ to practical acc\nt4 ,! details ( h[ great success or great weal? has be5 a*iev$ nev] h fail$ to fasc9ate mank9d4 ,all fiction has be5 saturat$ ) /ories ( money-seek+ because ! topic is s int]e/+4 ,nev]!less fiction c b feebly compete ) ! realities ( ! pres5t4 ,! tales ( great gambl+ 9 ,wall ,/reet1 ( c>d conque/s at ,monte ,c>lo1 ( new gold discov]ies1 ( money made 9 real-e/ate speculations1 ( gigantic sw9dl+ op]ations1 ( big w9n+s on ! rac+ track1 ( m5tal sm>tness 9 money-gett+1 ( big success 9 any que/ = ca%--y _c give ! public too mu* ( ?is k9d ( matt] if y wi% to sell y\r %eet4 ,b1 if y ask me to describe ! k9d ( news = :i* ! p surge & /ruggle ar\nd ! bullet9 bo>ds--! mo/ popul> k9d ( news pr9t$ any:]e--,i mu/ reply t x is f\nd 9 ! details ( a conque/1 a fight1 :e!r betwe5 m5 ) _! fi/s1 or dogs1 or armies1 politicians or polo play]s1 football teams or rac+ horses1 *ur* *oirs or kit*5 cab9ets4 ,i rememb] s well t 9 my boyhood days my own little village held its brea? to await details ( ! _w's *ampion prize fight betwe5 ,john ,c4 ,he5an1 ( ,am]ica1 & ,tom ,say]s1 ( ,engl&4 ,n s9ce t day has int]e/ 9 prize fights langui%$4 ,! fi/ fight betwe5 ,john ,l4 ,sullivan & ,james ,corbett quadrupl$ ! circulation ( next-day newspap]s4 ,repeat$ly ! big ,new ,york ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d5 has be5 cr[d$ to its ro( ) en?usia/s :o paid f fifte5 to fifty doll>s to see two m5 batt] ea* o!r4 ,fifty ?\s& p]sons see ! big football games1 & fifte5 millions read ab\t !m4 ,s great is ! int]e/ 9 baseball conte/s ! newspap]s are compell$ to pr9t f sev5 to t5 columns a day 9 description ( !m4 ,! same conditions exi/ to a trifl+ly less degree only ) conte/s 9 t5nis1 r[+1 polo1 ya*t+1 horse rac+1 golf--any ev5t1 especially 9 a?letics1 involv+ a fight = supremacy4 ,i "k ( "o ,new ,york newspap] t confid5tly c\nts on an increase ( eighte5 or tw5ty ?\s& 9 circulation ) ! op5+ ( ! baseball season4 ,!re seems to be no limit to popul> int]e/ 9 ! details ( any k9d ( conte/1 especially "o t has be5 lavi%ly adv]tis$4 ,bus9ess usually langui%es e f\r ye>s :ile ! fight = ! ,presid5cy proce$s1 & ! newspap]s pr9t hundr$s ( columns ab\t x4 ,! squabbles1 ! enc\nt]s1 ! fights 9 sports1 9 bus9ess1 9 politics1 9 ! c\rts1 among doctors & educators1 9 ! *ur*es ev5--!y all absorb ! p almo/ to ! limit ( human int]e/4 ,! "y man 9 j\rnalism %\ld get wise to ?is int]e/4 ,:atev] is ne>e/ ! he>t1 :atev] is upp]mo/ 9 m9d--t is :at we want to read ab\t4 ,we are *angeable creatures 9 ?\ght1 9 purpose1 & 9 habit4 ,! new always is fasc9at+4 ,! sm>t editor recognizes ! love ( *ange2 accord+ly he exalts ! new4 ,m ?an t1 he anticipates int]e/ t is to develop1 =esees *anges 9 gov]nm5t policies1 ! introduction ( new me?ods1 ! outcome ( sci5tific discov]y4 ,he prep>es 8 read]s accord+ly4 ,man's great int]e/ is 9 8 bus9ess1 9 8 money-mak+4 ,frequ5tly ! newspap]s are ( especial s]vice to him4 ,9 _m l9es ( bus9ess !y are a necessity4 ,! manufactur] ( goods1 = in/ance1 se>*es e column = in=mation be>+ on ! raw product t ent]s into !m1 ! price1 ! supply1 ! dem&1 wea!r conditions t may influ5ce1 ! condition & ! co/ ( transportation1 ! effect ( legislation1 ! m5ace ( competition--any?+ t has influ5ce on ! mak+ & deliv]y ( 8 product4 ,quick in=mation is priceless to him4 ,b int]e/ 9 w> surpasses all o!r att5tion1 z x has f ! beg9n+ ( man's ma/]y ov] man4 ,x is difficult to recall any condition ( human exi/5ce n affect$ by w>4 ,w> is supreme z an ag5t ( de/ruction4 ,x de/roys n only nations & gov]nm5ts1 life & prop]ty1 b also x blunts civilization1 co>s5s ref9em5t1 /ops /udy & progress1 prev5ts ! fulfillm5t ( life-*]i%$ plans & ambitions1 *anges ! life purpose ( millions ( m54 ,x is entirely impossible to compreh5d ! multitud9\s effects ( w> or to appreciate ! condition ( m9d 9 :i* a /rick5 p em]ge f w>4 ,! /udy ( w> gives ! j\rnali/ exalt$ opportunity4 ,8 read]s are int]e/$ 9 w> m ?an 9 any?+ else4 ,"s folks delight 9 read+ criticisms ( _! neighbors1 attacks on public m5 or compla9ts ( ! conduct ( mank9d 9 g5]al4 ,?is is a species ( jeal\sy t rejoices 9 ! discomfiture ( o!rs4 ,!y gloat ov] disclosures1 get cynical ov] ! d[nfall ( public idols & ! rev]sals ( popul> beliefs4 ,no?+ pleases !m m ?an to h a cl]gyman g a/ray or a *ur* memb] get 9 jail4 ,!y are fond ( inve/igations4 ,_! p9head p]ceptions f9d n\ri%m5t 9 ! mi/akes ( o!rs4 ,!y always take ! negative side4 ,!y "q4 ,!y d\bt4 ,!y lam5t4 ,!y scold4 ,x is easy = an editor to acquire ?is attitude4 ,_m editors h assum$ x1 beg9n+ ) ! notion ( cat]+ to p :o l ?is sort ( read+2 !n !y gradually absorb ! flavor4 ,we h _h ! examples ( ill-natur$ newspap]s nicknam$ by ! public ! 8,gr[l]10 or ! 8,scold10 or ! 8,old ,pessimi/40 ,n long ago sev]al magaz9es s\ght fame & circulation by a conduct ( criticism ( public m5 call$ muckrak+4 ,! sale ( ?\s&s ( copies atte/$ g5]al gre$ = t k9d ( read+4 ,?is public attitude c]ta9ly tempts ! editor2 b exp]i5ce has taught t ! public scold is va/ly unpopul>1 be he editor1 prea*]1 tea*] or oracle ( any sort4 ,& _m are int]e/$ 9 read+ ab\t ! wea!r4 ,x is a univ]sal topic ( conv]sation4 ,x gov]ns our agricultural prosp]ity4 ,x influ5ces e k9d ( bus9ess4 ,x /ops ! ball games4 ,x p>*es our soil1 int]f]es ) our plans1 di/urbs our com=t1 upsets m5tal processes1 compels u to *ange our clo?+ :5 we d n want to4 ,x makes u we> clumsy ?+s on our feet4 ,x raises ! v mis*ief 9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways4 ,ev]ybody ?9ks ( x or speaks ( x tw5ty times a day4 ,! wise editor w pr9t a f9e fat p>agraph ab\t x1 describ+ ! wea!r ov] all ?is broad l&1 giv+ ! practical1 ! sci5tific reasons = its v>i$ *anges1 & expla9+ ! indicat$ effect on trade1 travel1 & temp]am5t4 ,:at %all we pr9t8 ,a ,cali=nia newspap] s\ght ?r\gh a que/ionnaire to le>n f its read]s h[ mu* ( ! %eet !y actually read4 ,x summ>iz$ ! eighte5 hundr$ replies4 ,sev5ty-five p] c5t atte/$ t ! read] look$ at ! headl9es & r>ely f9i%$ ! article2 only tw5ty-five p] c5t ev] read an article ?r\gh4 ,"o answ] said1 8,i g beyond ! headl9e once 9 t5 times1 p]haps1 b :5 ,i d ,i read x ?r\gh40 ,/ill ano!r1 8,i usually f9d all ,i want 9 ! fir/ p>agraph40 ,! net result seem$ to indicate t almo/ all simply scann$ ! %eet 9 se>* ( some?+ to int]e/ !m1 & f\nd little4 ,! *ief criticism 0 t ! articles 7 too long4 ,! ,p>is daily publications be=e ! w> m9imiz$ ! news & 9 its place pres5t$ discussion & comm5t1 sket*y description1 mu* fiction & lit]>y matt]4 ,!y a*iev$ enorm\s circulations4 ,! mo/ successful 7 exce$+ly well writt51 7 di/9ctly lit]>y2 & !y prosp]$ greatly )\t ! aid ( news features ( ! ,am]ican & ,engli% j\rnali/ic sort4 ,!y 7 made attractive & int]e/+ by _! excell5ce ( workman%ip4 ,! ,new ,york ,ev5+ ,j\rnal 0 c>ri$ to enorm\s circulation by editorial pres5tation r ?an news exploit+4 ,= _m ye>s x _h nei!r ! ,associat$ ,press nor any o!r news association s]vice4 ,its editorial utt]ances attract$ f> rea*+ att5tion4 ,:at news x _h 0 emphasiz$ by exagg]ation & brea?less ann\ncem5t1 & typographical mon/rosity4 ,! ,ev5+ ,sun1 :i* nev] _h ! ,associat$ ,press dispat*es1 atta9$ great popul>ity & circulation ?r\gh *e]ful1 bright1 & witty illum9ation ( ?+s1 & a m9imum ( pr(undity4 ,9 a newspap] address be=e ! ,convocation ( ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,don ,seitz1 ( ! ,new ,york ,_w1 said3 ,tal5t 0 ! ?+ 9 ! old days1 b we h gott5 ov] t1 alas6 ,en]gy has tak5 ! place ( tal5t & ! sudd5 fact has tak5 ! place ( ! news4 ,! mod]n editor has be5 misl$ someh[ into us+ a great deal ( display type to h&le ! few words he uses1 & at fir/ ,i _h ! ?\ght t ?is 0 wrong4 ,b someh[ ,i h *ang$ my m9d4 ,x is necess>y to ar\se int]e/4 ,! va/ numb] ( read]s are rudim5t>y 9 ?\ght4 ,!y d n take easily to a dull solid column no matt] h[ int]e/+ x may be4 ,9 try+1 !re=e1 to cat* ! l>ge/ numb] ( read]s ! editor conceiv$ ! idea ( putt+ 9 l>g] type4 ,x has %[n :at ! p want$1 & t !y mu/ h "s quick way ( le>n+ :at 0 go+ on1 & m9d y1 we h %ort5$ up our read+ "t a great deal1 :i* is ano!r fact4 ,) _m p newspap] read+ becomes a fix$ habit4 ,!y come to enjoy _! favorite publication j z !y enjoy food & sleep4 ,x gives !m topics = ?\ght & conv]sation4 ,!y become int]e/$ 9 its features1 9 ! 8colyum0 ( fun & *at & jo% t has become s popul>1 9 ! illu/rat$ comic /rips t />t$ ) ,foxy ,gr&pa & h come to include ,p]cy & ,f]die1 ,br++ up ,fa!r1 ,mutt & ,jeff1 & ! re/ ( ! jolly folk4 ,con/ant read+ ab\t !m br+s a feel+ ( p]sonal acqua9tance ) !m & ! habit ( seek+ = !m4 ,!y help amaz+ly to draw read]s & to reta9 !m4 ,! newspap] habit is to be enc\rag$ & ^! features help to fix x4 ,!re c be no d\bt ( ! popul>ity ( ! m$ical column1 ( ! puzzle dep>tm5t1 ( ! "q & answ] feature1 & ( ! o!r l ?+s t s]ve to amuse ! read]4 ,p>5ts seek topics1 also1 t w int]e/ ! *ildr51 simple & *ildlike ?\gh !y be4 ,x is amus+ to note h[ int]e/$ old] p get 9 articles on important subjects writt5 d[n to a *ild's und]/&+4 ,somebody is go+ to make a =tune sometime by pr9t+ a *ildr5's newspap] giv+ ! news & ! que/ions ( ! day 9 language & ?\ght t *ildr5 c und]/&4 8,gr[n-ups0 w appreciate x q z mu* z w ! y\ng/]s4 ,j h[ mu* ( exagg]ation & fev]i% language & typographical ecc5tricity to inject into ! %eet always puzzles ! editor4 ,he is tempt$ by public dem& = x1 yet he does n want a reputation = s5sationalism4 ,! hy/]ia ( ! s5sational newspap] may n be ( h>m to a "y p]son :o reads x casually4 ,b suppose %e1 ! %op girl = in/ance1 acquires ! habit ( read+ x e day4 ,because ( h] employm5t1 or h] environm5t1 %e has n "t or opportunity to read any?+ else4 ,%e comes to ?9k & to talk 9 its exagg]at$1 inflam$1 fev]i% language4 ,its typographical1 brea?less ann\ncem5ts />tle h]--fill h] ) fev]i% emotions4 ,%e becomes a pessimi/1 = 9 ! s5sational %eet ! true1 ! good1 ! normal are ignor$4 8,virtue g hang2 vice is ! ?+ t attracts att5tion0 is ! motto4 ,! maid5 is f$ on ! abnormal1 ! unusual1 on m5tal mon/rosities1 & fancies4 ,x influ5ces h] life4 ,x 0 said n s v long ago t t5 ye>s ( *eap read+ _h *ang$ ! ,briti% f ! mo/ /olid nation ( ,europe to ! mo/ hy/]ical & !atrical4 ,be ?is z x may3 habitual *eap read+ mu/ ( necessity produce *eap ?9k+1 & *eap expression ( ?\ght1 & consequ5tly *eap moral conduct4 ,x is 9 ?is direction t ! s5sational press & ! *eap lit]ature ( ! day h _! *ief influ5ce4 ,*eap lit]ature produces *eap m5tality &1 !re=e1 a *eap p4 ,9 def5se ( s5sationalism x is urg$ t y _c ar\se ! int]e/ ( ! ignorant man by ord9>y me?ods ( spee*4 ,8 m9d is too sluggi% to compreh5d x z ord9>ily spok54 ,he c appreciate big headl9es & lurid cat* words & !y attract him4 ,i h l+]$ ov] ^! ?+s 9 some:at prosy mann]1 p]haps1 b if y are go+ into ! newspap] bus9ess ,i "k ( little m important ?an real /udy ( :at to pr9t4 ,! practical newspap] man ?9ks ( x by ! h\r4 ,! good newspap] is n ! product ( *ance4 ,e phase ( life is ?\ght out & its relation to public int]e/ is weigh$4 ,public int]e/ *anges almo/ daily4 ,x mu/ be /udi$1 mu/ be anticipat$1 mu/ be prep>$ =4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,pleas+ ,,exp]i5ces ,,( ,,! ,,=eign ,,correspond5t ,! po/ ( =eign correspond5t is s\ght eag]ly by newspap] m54 ,! "w is int]e/+ & agreeable & ! exp]i5ce is invaluable4 ,x gives opportunity = =eign travel & = t m5tal enri*m5t ?r\gh /udy & obs]vation t _c be exp]i5c$ else:]e4 ,! correspond5t is remov$ f ! con/riction ( home (fice discipl9e & (fice tradition & ! ev]la/+ admonition to 8hurry up40 ,9 times ( w> 8 "w is /r5u\s1 ( c\rse1 & highly important1 & entirely diff]5t f 8 activities 9 times ( peace4 ,! m important ,am]ican newspap]s h a repres5tative 9 ! *ief capitals ( ,europe1 "s ( !m 9 two or ?ree cities1 o!rs 9 ,london alone4 ,^! m5 s5d important news by cable & correspond5ce by mail & x is _! privilege to select _! own topics1 l>gely4 ,?us !y prove or disprove _! possession ( t r>e quality ( j\rnali/ic excell5ce3 ! ability to judge :at w be int]e/+ or important to ! f>-di/ant read]4 ,9 ! newspap] (fice at home ! writ] usually writes to ord] on an indicat$ subject & (t5 )\t reg>d to 8 own notion ( :e!r ! topic is int]e/+ or n4 ,! =eign correspond5t mu/ judge = himself :at to s5d4 ,b 8 field is l>ge1 8 opportunities are _m1 & he comes to love ! "w because x is s fasc9at+4 ,he writes ( ! great que/ions t are mov+ ,europe1 ( ! coronation ( k+s1 ! collapse ( cab9ets1 ! burial ( popes1 ! bir? & life & dea? ( revolutions1 ( social life1 ( political life1 ( arti/ic life1 ! triumphs ( sci5ce1 inv5tion1 & discov]y4 ,! treasuries ( ! ,old ,_w invite 8 /udy4 ,its follies1 frivolities1 foibles & fa%ions tempt to 8 amusem5t4 ,he has a mighty good "t ov] !re4 ,b1 :5 he beg9s to s5d cablegrams to 8 newspap] he enc\nt]s a situation t appeals to 8 bus9ess manag] z well z to ! read+ public1 = ! co/ ( cable messages is great4 ,sev5 c5ts a ^w = ^? t take _! "t & tw5ty-five c5ts = ^? t are to be ru%$--& columns to be fill$4 ,"h is :]e judgm5t z to :at to s5d1 cunn+ 9 cond5s+1 skill 9 skeletoniz+ comb9e to reap rew>d4 ,= m ?an tw5ty ye>s ! ord9>y press rate = cable messages rang$ betwe5 five & t5 c5ts a ^w4 ,"s little "t be=e ! w> ! wireless telegraph p deliv]$ reports = five c5ts1 b )\t assurance ( prompt s]vice4 ,! sy/em _h n be5 made s p]fect z x is n[ & its op]ation 0 n entirely satisfactory4 ,!n ! w> /opp$ its use = newspap] purposes4 ,x has be5 resum$ rec5tly at ! five-c5t rate1 messages to be deliv]$ )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! cable companies made "s attempt to meet ?is price be=e ! w>1 b n mu* came ( x4 ,t5 c5ts a ^w = ! regul> message & tw5ty-five = ! exp$it$ dispat* 0 ! price = a long "t4 ,! exp$it$ message 0 ! message s5t imm$iately )\t any delay4 ,! ord9>y message 0 tak5 )\t assurance ( quick deliv]y4 ,dur+ ! w> rates v>i$4 ,! cables 7 cr[d$ & ! newspap]s 7 compell$ to use ! exp$it$ messages4 ,at "o "t ! co/ ( ?is message 0 ?irty-?ree c5ts a ^w4 ,s9ce ! w> some?+ l ! old rates h be5 re/or$4 ,j n[ !y are sev5 c5ts = ! ord9>y report4 ,! exp$it$ message arrangem5t is no long] (f]$2 b1 by mak+ ! report a comm]cial message1 at comm]cial rates ( tw5ty-five c5ts1 ! newspap] article takes its turn = transmission4 ,?is means t ! comm]cial message is us$1 commonly1 = ! newspap] _c wait4 ,x _c risk miss+ ! news ?r\gh delay4 ,money is lo/ on ! news-report deliv]$ aft] ! %eet has gone to press4 ,exp]i5ce has atte/$ t code or ciph] messages are n practical = newspap] purposes4 ,! opportunity = error is too great & too mu* "t is requir$ = translation4 ,b exp]i5ce has taught1 also1 ! use ( c]ta9 prefixes & suffixes & juggl+s by :i* mu* may be express$ 9 few words4 ,x is a simple sy/em ( skeletoniz+1 easy ( translation into ! f9i%$ product4 ,! plan dep5ds l>gely on complete und]/&+ betwe5 ! s5d] abroad & ! cable editor 9 ! home (fice4 ,! ,london man s5ds newspap] clipp+s by mail ( ev5ts t are likely to figure or reappe> 9 future news1 programs ( com+ happ5+s l coronations1 or fe/ivals1 or c]emonials1 descriptions ( %ips ab\t to be laun*$1 or build+s to be d$icat$1 inaugurations1 pageants1 ) all ( ! plans1 arrangem5ts1 & ! names ( p]sons :o are to p>ticipate1 & ! l4 ,:5 ! ev5t happ5s he cables1 = in/ance3 8,madrid ,alfonso cr[n$ un*ange40 8,un*ange0 means t ! coronation ( ! ,spani% k+ 0 solemniz$ )\t *ange ( program1 t ! matt] s5t 9 advance by mail may be us$ ) :at ! correspond5t n[ cables4 ,! cable editor 9 ,am]ica writes f :at ! correspond5t s5ds1 & f ! program slips1 a report ( ! coronation1 embelli%+ x p]haps ) a few l9es "h & !re ab\t ! *e]+ multitudes1 ! elaborate decorations1 & ! o!r ?+s t obvi\sly add spl5dor to e coronation ( a k+4 ,! cable editor kn[s "r well t if ! cr[ds 7 sull5 or ! decorations 7 lack+ or ! soldi]s did n /rut & %\t1 ! correspond5t surely w\ld say s4 ,! correspond5t is ke5 to notice any deviation f ! program & to cable details ( ! *ange4 ,! editor at ?is end pads out ! skeleton report into readable n>rative ) no int5tion ( deceiv+ anybody4 ,newspap] descriptions ( ! do+s ( m5 9 public life1 or :o 9 any mann] attract public att5tion1 are mail$ to ! home (fice & !y are ( frequ5t use :5 ! man reappe>s 9 ! news 9 any way4 ,a few ye>s ago "o ,b>n>d ,b>nato made fame = himself by gett+ a great =tune ?r\gh ,s\? ,africa diamond m9e op]ations1 & newspap] cutt+s exploit+ him 7 9 e (fice4 ,"o night a cable message float$ into ,new ,york :i* ran3 8,b>nato hom+ ,unicorn suicid$ ov]bo>d (f ,gibralt>40 ,f ^! sev5 words & 8 newspap] slips & 8 g5]al k ( ,b>nato ! cable editor con/ruct$ an article ( a ?ird ( a column or s 9 l5g? :i* said t ,b>n>d ,b>nato1 ! widely celebrat$ ,s\? ,african diamond k+1 :o rec5tly _h visit$ 8 fam\s m9es a few miles nor? ( ,cape ,t[n1 met 8 dea? by suicide1 :ile return+ to 8 home 9 ,engl&1 by leap+ ov]bo>d f ! ,royal ,l9e /eam%ip ! ,unicorn :5 ! vessel 0 (f port ( ,gibralt>1 etc41 etc4 ,& ! acc\nt includ$ a description ( ! victim ( self-de/ruction1 8 va/ op]ations1 8 family & bus9ess associations1 & o!r ?+s ab\t ,b>nato t suppos$ly might int]e/ a read]4 ,aga91 !re comes a message dat$ ,london :i* reads3 ,read+ ,read+ess ,new ,yorkw>d saft]noon ,philadelphia untalk peace und5i$ gravity ,russian4 ,f 8 k ( ! diplomatic situation & ( curr5t ev5ts1 & f 8 bun* ( newspap] cutt+s ! =eign editor f9ds x q easy to con/ruct a fat p>agraph to run some?+ l3 ,london--,"l ,read+1 ! newly appo9t$ ,ambassador to repres5t ,great ,brita9 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 sail$ = ,new ,york ?is aft]noon 9 ! /eam%ip ,philadelphia4 ,on arrival he w proce$ imm$iately to ,wa%+ton to ent] ^u 8 duties4 ,?is is ,"l ,read+'s ?ird visit to ,am]ica4 ,he 0 s5t by 8 gov]nm5t two ye>s ago on a special mission & 0 9 ,wa%+ton = two mon?s or m4 ,he is accompani$ by 8 wife4 ,he refus$ to express an op9ion z to ! prospects = peace1 b w\ld n d5y ! gravity ( ! situation 9 ,russia4 ,9 ! above skeleton dispat* ! ^w 8,read+ess0 means ,lady ,read+4 ,! addition ( 8ess0 to a man's "n designates 8 wife4 ,aga9 came "o ev5+ a ,london message t began3 ,pm commons duoh\rs re/at+ aims int5d$ ,russian ,bol%eviki b pr9cipally allies position to labor urg$ ongo w>w9 quote 8,pm0 means ,great ,brita9's ,prime ,m9i/] :oev] he happ5s to be4 ,?is message 0 writt5 out to say t ,lloyd ,george _h address$ a meet+ ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons = two h\rs t ev5+ re/at+ ! w> aims ( ! allies4 ,o/5sibly he 0 speak+ = ! b5efit ( ! ,russians1 b x 0 pla9 t he 0 address+ ! labor p>ty ( ! ,empire 9 p>ticul>1 & t ! ,gov]nm5t urg$ ! labor p>ty to pu% on & help to w9 ! w>4 8,quote0 meant t :at 0 to foll[ 0 a v]batim report ( :at ! ,prime ,m9i/] said & 0 to be prec$$ by quotation m>ks4 ,close skeletoniz+ ( ?is sort is us$ = %ort & comp>atively unimportant news ann\ncem5ts4 ,x _c be us$ to advantage 9 long n>ration1 9 explanation ( political complications1 or reports ( consequ5ce4 ,b 9 m9or messages x is ( frequ5t use by news associations & by correspond5ts4 ,x is an entirely legitimate practice s9ce x involves no mis/atem5t ( fact4 ,x is simple1 z may be se51 & ! knack ( us+ x is easily acquir$4 ,yet obvi\sly ! m +5uity & skill employ$ ! great] w be ! sav+ at sev5 c5ts or tw5ty-five c5ts a ^w4 ,! diff]5ce 9 its skillful & its indiff]5t use am\nts to ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 a ye>4 ,9 times ( w> ! co/ ( news transmission by cable is enorm\s4 ,repeat$ly 9 ! late conflict x rea*$ ?\s&s ( doll>s = ! description ( a s+le battle1 or a movem5t4 ,at times ^! co/ly dispat*es 7 s5t day aft] day4 ,9 our w> ) ,spa9 :5 reports 7 s5t by dispat* boats to ,k+/on1 ,jamaica1 = transmission h5ce by cable1 z mu* z two doll>s a ^w 0 paid = s5d+ !m to ,s\? ,am]ican & ,i/hmus /ations1 h5ce nor? ?r\gh ,texas4 ,! direct cable f ,k+/on to ,halifax 0 con/antly cr[d$4 ,! ,s\? ,am]ican r\te 0 ! only o!r available outlet & x 0 us$ freely4 ,! special =eign correspond5t does n conc]n himself greatly ) r\t9e news3 ! press associations look aft] t4 ,! diff]5ce 9 "t p]mits ! s5d+ ( all news appe>+ 9 ,london editions to ,am]ican newspap]s ( ! same correspond+ edition1 morn+ or ev5+4 ,! ,london pap]s are on ! /reet at two o'clock 9 ! morn+1 :i* is elev5 o'clock or be=e midnight 9 ,new ,york4 ,! correspond5t seeks r to elucidate ! news or to s5d exclusive in=mation4 ,he f9ds ! gett+ ( intellig5ce mu* m difficult ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,public m5 are less will+ to furni% in=mation4 ,! newspap] man is n s welcome4 ,doors are clos$ to him t w\ld be flung op5 "h4 ,to a yet great] degree ?an "h he mu/ ga9 ! confid5ce & ! intimate acqua9tance ( ^? :o are orig9al s\rces ( in=mation1 ! confid5ce ( ! m5 :o are conduct+ public affairs4 ,! correspond5t may n always pr9t :at he le>ns = he mu/ n make public t :i* is told to him 9 confid5ce4 ,b soon] or lat] x is ( mu* value to him4 ,! ability to secure ! att5tion & ! confid5ce ( public m5 is ! correspond5t's or ! news ga!r]'s *oice/ asset4 ,x is absolutely necess>y to success 9 high] grade reportorial "w4 ,! =eign correspond5t1 m ?an any o!r writ] (f ! editorial page1 is p]mitt$ to assume an editorial attitude t[>d important ev5ts4 ,he may comm5t & seek to p]suade 9 editorial fa%ion4 ,8 articles are ! m int]e/+ 9 consequ5ce1 = n any newspap] writ+ is m attractive to ! g5]al read] ?an t :i* conta9s n>rative description ) runn+ comm5t4 ,! ,fr5* j\rnali/s are adepts at ?is "w4 ,_m ( _! publications conta9 no editorial articles aft] ! ,engli% or ! ,am]ican fa%ion4 ,!y treat an important ev5t r z a semi-news semi-editorial review article--an article ( news ) int]ject$ comm5t1 ) expression ( op9ion z suits ! writ]'s fancy or belief or prejudice4 ,9 ,am]ican newspap]s ( high grade ! report] is n p]mitt$ to comm5t or inject op9ion or seek to influ5ce ! read]2 he mu/ n dep>t f ! cold facts ( n>ration4 ,no comm5t outside ! editorial page is ! rule4 ,! =eign correspond5t is except$ f ?is requirem5t & ! ,wa%+ton man p>tly s4 ,n any o!r k9d ( newspap] "w gives m useful exp]i5ce4 ,! =eign correspond5t mu/ und]/& ! great ev5ts t are mov+ ,europe4 ,:5 x is possible he goes to ! sc5e ( ! occurr5ce = fir/-h& in=mation4 ,! great disa/] by e>?quake t de/roy$ ,mess9a s5t half ( ! correspond5ts scurry+ f ,london into ,italy4 ,! election ( a new ,pope f9ds !m 9 ,rome4 ,a revolution 9 ,pol& discloses !m on ! spot delv+ into ! secrets ( ! lead]s4 ,s9ce ! great w> !y h be5 con/antly 9 e capital 9 ,europe z "s new developm5t ( f9ance1 or a />tl+ revelation ( />vation1 insurrection1 or political plot dem&$ _! pres5ce4 ,!y wat* ! activities ( a doz5 nations4 ,a few ye>s ( ?is sort ( ?+ gives !m valuable k4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,te*nical ,,press ,z our "y man 9 j\rnalism beg9s to get a reputation among 8 fell[s = s9c]e tru/wor?y "w 8 s]vices may be s\ght by o!r editors4 ,hundr$s ( miscellane\s weekly & mon?ly publications employ writ]s & !y draw l>gely f ! daily newspap] /affs4 ,m ?an "o ?\s& p]sons employ$ regul>ly 9 ,new ,york ,city furni% ! copy = ^! miscellane\s j\rnals4 ,ne>ly z _m m are occasional or special contributors4 ,!re are scores ( magaz9es ( fiction & scores ( weekly j\rnals devot$ to lit]ature1 religion1 fa%ions1 humor1 sci5ce1 art1 music & ! play-h\se1 to sports1 birds1 & bea/s1 & fi%4 ,!re are j\rnals devot$ to ! le>n$ pr(essions1 to m$ic9e1 law1 *emi/ry1 eng9e]+1 !ology1 electricity4 ,& !re are hundr$s ( te*nical publications & trade pap]s t cat] to ! int]e/s ( all k9ds ( bus9ess3 bank+1 insurance1 %ipp+1 manufactur+1 railroad+1 dry goods1 textile1 groc]y1 h>dw>e1 w9es1 spirits1 liqueurs1 drugs4 ,almo/ e occupation has "s sort ( a publication to advance its int]e/s4 ,_m ( !m are prosp]\s & "s ( !m are 8gold m9es0 = _! own]s4 ,almo/ all are v helpful to ! trade !y repres5t4 ,!y exp& 9 va/ detail ! ?+s t ! daily newspap]s pass by ) m]e m5tion or d n m5tion at all4 ,!y tell ! read] :at ! o!r fell[ is do+4 ,!y cunn+ly se>* ! entire _w = facts be>+ on ! bus9ess !y repres5t4 ,_! repres5tatives 9 ,wa%+ton1 & at e /ate capital1 in=m ( any propos$ legislation ho/ile to _! cli5ts' int]e/s--re/riction ( trade1 increas$ taxation1 regulation ( me?ods1 legislative /rikes or blackmail+ raids4 ,9 ! editorial columns are discuss$ e phase ( bus9ess t c\ld affect ! read]s' bus9ess & ! news columns give e obta9able fact1 includ+ columns ( r\t9e record su* z price li/ quotations1 /ati/ics ( m]*&ise movem5t1 gov]nm5t reports ( agricultural & metal production1 & ! l4 ,a va/ volume ( te*nical matt] is requir$ to fill ^! publications1 ! writ+ ( :i* calls = exp]t & special k & cont9u\s /udy4 ,! writ]'s task is difficult = ! reason t he is n writ+ = ! g5]al public1 b r = m5 :o already h compreh5sive k ( ! subject & :o in/antly detect mis/atem5t ( fact or feebl5ess ( reason+4 ,nev]!less1 ! writ] appreciates t 8 bus9ess-man read] is ke5ly alive to "k ! do+s ( 8 rivals :o may be sm>t] & m successful ?an himself & :o are work+ to solve ! same problems z himself4 ,writ+ = ! te*nical press is n s fasc9at+ z = ! newspap]s1 ! lit]>y weeklies1 or ! magaz9es ( fiction4 ,! imag9ation has less opportunity to frolic4 ,facility ( lit]>y expression is n an asset4 ,! embryos ( inspiration & ambition are incubat$ else:]e4 ,con/ant consid]ation ( ! "o topic tempts to r\t9e ?\ght & to imitative writ+4 ,nev]!less1 writ+ = ! te*nical press involves mo/ c>eful & pa9/ak+ ef=t4 ,x w n d to make a mi/ake4 ,"s ( ! accompli%m5ts to be desir$ 9 ! writ] are indicat$ 9 an address deliv]$ by ,mr4 ,*>les ,w4 ,price1 editor ( ! ,electrical ,review3 ,accuracy 9 te*nical /atem5ts & simplicity ( language are two elem5ts ( greatness & di/9ction 9 te*nical j\rnalism4 ,x is n always easy = ! abundantly in=m$ te*nical writ] to pres5t 8 sci5tific tru?s 9 simple limpid language to be compreh5d$ by & ?us delight & enlight5 ! av]age read]4 ,i am n[ ref]r+ to editorial treatm5t ( su* subjects1 & n ( c\rse to ^? te*nical contributions 9 :i* ma!matical figures necess>ily mu/ appe>4 ,! editor or te*nical writ] :o c pres5t sci5tific reason+ & its practical application accurately & simply )\t ! aid ( 8 algebra1 is assur$ ( ! l>ge/ possible audi5ce1 & is ! produc] ( ! greate/ influ5ce & in=mation4 ,he is1 besides1 popul> 9 te*nical publi%+ circles4 ,ano!r elem5t ( greatness is a practical illum9at+ pres5tation ( :at an inv5tion 9 ! field ( :i* t publication is ! expon5t1 really means to ! art to :i* x relates2 t :5 an inv5tion ( importance is ann\nc$1 x be told j :at x w\ld mean & h[ x might or w affect ! art or ! indu/ry4 ,b ! te*nical writ]s :o c /ate a sci5tific fact 9 a few words & ) cry/al cle>ness are n v num]\s4 ,! electrical reviews may be m5tion$ z a fair example ( te*nical j\rnalism4 ,!y are l>ge publications ( a hundr$ pages or s1 half ( :i* are giv5 to adv]tisem5ts ( e electrical app>atus or ma*9e kn[n to man4 ,! electricians d n adv]tise 9 ! daily newspap]s1 nor d ! newspap]s pr9t ! news ( ! electrical bus9ess except :5 "s big discov]y is made4 ,no way exi/s1 !re=e1 = ! electrician to "k :at is go+ on 9 8 bus9ess except ?r\gh an electrical review4 ,!re he gets n only e treasure ( discov]y1 b e fla%1 e tw9kle ( ! bus9ess z well4 ,he may le>n :at all ! electric societies are do+ 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,he may read ! lectures on electrical subjects deliv]$ by exp]ts4 ,he may be told j :at ! great electrical companies are do+1 :at new con/ruction !y are plann+ or f9i%+4 ,x is a con/antly gr[+ & *ang+ bus9ess ) e day new application ( old discov]ies z well z new ones4 ,he simply _c be )\t an electrical review4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city are =ty-five publications devot$ to drugs1 m$ic9e & surg]y4 ,_m ( !m are = ! drug trade only & o!rs are highly intellectual reviews ( progress & practice 9 m$ical sci5ce4 ,!y are little read except by physicians1 surgeons & druggi/s2 b ( late ye>s1 s bewild]+ly fasc9at+ h be5 _! disclosure ( m$ical discov]y & progress & s absorb+ _! illu/rations ( surgical skill1 ! daily newspap] editors h be5 compell$ to read !m se>*+ly = ! news !y conta91 & !y h be5 g5]\sly quot$ 9 ! daily press4 ,! m$ical press exploits all t is new 9 surg]y or practice1 gives elaborate reports ( m$ical society discussions1 descriptions ( unique surgical op]ations1 new uses ( drugs4 ,x digs up ev]y?+ all ov] ?is e>? t possibly c\ld int]e/ a practition]4 ,obvi\sly ! physician or surgeon :o doesn't read ! m$ical lit]ature ( ! day is miles beh9d ! times4 ,ev5 ! newspap] bus9ess has its trade j\rnals1 & "o ( !m1 ,! ,f\r? ,e/ate1 0 say+ ! o!r day t betwe5 sev5 ?\s& & sev5 ?\s& five hundr$ p]sons are actively engag$ 9 writ+ = ! ,new ,york ,city press2 & t ?irty-five ?\s& are simil>ly employ$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is q impossible1 9 ?is space1 to describe ^! miscellane\s & class publications4 ,!y are numb]$ by ?\s&s4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city are m ?an "o hundr$ lit]>y magaz9es & weeklies4 ,a rec5t tabulation atte/$ t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m ?an eight hundr$ publications are devot$ to religion1 ( :i* ab\t "o hundr$ are pr9t$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,six hundr$ are issu$ to tell ! f>m] h[ to till4 ,eighty exploit automobiles4 ,h[ to fly is told by six %eets4 ,! m\?pieces ( ! b>b]s numb] f\r & ! bl9d may le>n ab\t !mselves 9 elev54 ,eighte5 appe> regul>ly 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 & six = bees4 ,m ?an six hundr$ tell ab\t s*ools & colleges2 tw5ty ab\t dogs2 twelve ab\t confections & ice-cream2 tw5ty-?ree ( d5ti/ry2 tw5ty-six ( ! !at]2 fifty ( fa%ion2 n9ety ( f9ance1 ( :i* ?irty are 9 ,new ,york4 ,! groc]s support eighty odd & ! insurance m5 sixty-sev51 :ile two hundr$ & fifty are 9 ! int]e/ ( labor4 ,we f9d devot$ to law "o hundr$ & fifty2 to liquor tw5ty-sev52 me*anics & eng9e]+ sixty-five2 mov+ pictures tw5ty2 music trade fifty-f\r2 ! negro ab\t two hundr$2 p\ltry eighty-five2 soap & p]fume ?ree2 sports sev5ty2 wom5 suffrage sev52 und]tak]s t54 ,"o ( ! newspap] directories rec5tly gave a li/ ( two hundr$ & =ty-five trades or bus9esses ea* ( :i* has its own te*nical publications4 ,! trade pap]s h come to =m a v important & conspicu\s "p ( ,am]ican j\rnalism4 ,_! writ]s may n be s well kn[n to fame z are o!r au?ors1 b !y h bett] bus9ess opportunities4 ,_! exp]t k ( ! bus9ess "u consid]ation & ! acqua9tances !y necess>ily =m ) ! k+s ( t bus9ess1 frequ5tly lead to advantage\s (f]s to engage 9 bus9ess4 ,a l>g] proportion ( ! te*nical press m5 quit writ+ to d o!r "w ?an is not$ 9 any o!r l9e ( j\rnalism4 ,! bus9ess ( furni%+ in=mation ab\t bus9ess has become a great indu/ry 9 itself4 ,x has develop$ amaz+ly )9 a few ye>s1 *iefly ?r\gh ! te*nical j\rnals or magaz9es1 ! numb] ( :i* has increas$ greatly1 b also ?r\gh books & pamphlets4 ,! big banks h _! bus9ess libr>ies totall+ ?\s&s ( volumes1 cov]+ endless topics relat+ to railroads1 corporations1 specific bus9ess1 sy/ems & me?ods4 ,!y pres]ve newspap] clipp+s 9 bewild]+ numb]s4 ,! bureau ( in=mation is conspicu\s 9 all big bus9ess h\ses & corporations & all ! lit]ature ( bus9ess is at h&4 ,e ,wall ,/reet brok]age h\se ( any acc\nt employs a man to furni% in=mation to cu/om]s4 ,! great w> s effectively re/rict$ importation t ! c\ntry 0 l>gely ?r[n on its own res\rces4 ,x 0 compell$ to produce or furni% sub/itute matt] = _m products x c\ld n import4 ,bus9ess facts became greatly 9 dem&4 ,! libr>ians report$1 & cont9ue to note1 a greatly increas$ dem& = bus9ess lit]ature4 ,! book publi%]s recognize an increas+ dev\r+ public appetite = bus9ess books4 ,! manag]s ( bus9ess j\rnals & magaz9es tell ( l>gely increas+ circulations 9 ?is p]iod ( great bus9ess expansion4 ,"o ( ! manag]s ( ! ,sy/em magaz9e s]ies said n long ago3 ,! dem& = our publications has increas$ trem5d\sly s9ce ! w>4 ,9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s "o ( our magaz9es has increas$ sixty p] c5t 9 circulation4 ,blame ,g]many = t1 & = ! big increase 9 bus9ess lit]ature4 ,we h le>n$ sudd5ly t ,g]man bus9ess has be5 /udy+ books all ^! ye>s4 ,we f9d n[ t to compete1 ,am]ican bus9ess mu/ also take to books4 ,& t has br\ght ab\t "o big diff]5ce4 ,a few ye>s ago :5 ,i left college to g into bus9ess1 my employ]s enc\rag$ me )1 8,well1 y'll live d[n y\r college tra9+40 ,to-day1 a big bus9ess man does m read+ ?an a /ud5t 9 college--& he has to d x4 ,te*nical j\rnalism is a great feature ( ! j\rnalism ( ! times4 ,its importance is little appreciat$ or und]/ood by ! g5]al public4 ,x gives employm5t to ?\s&s ( writ]s & its rapid increase indicates dem& = ?\s&s m4 ,tra9$ newspap]m5 are 9 active dem& z publicity & g5]al aids by big corporations4 ,! sal>ies paid are l>g] ?an is paid by newspap]s4 ,^! m5 usually ov]see ! adv]tis+2 likewise !y write pamphlets1 collect in=mation = ! use ( ! corporation1 frequ5tly prep>e spee*es = deliv]y by ! (fic]s1 make out reports1 read _m publications = any in=mation be>+ on ! bus9ess4 ,! "w requires f9e editorial ability & ?or\gh k ( ! bus9ess4 ,x is f> above ! press ag5t "w done to adv]tise !at]s1 mov+ pictures1 or hotels4 ,x involves a /udy ( ! pr9ciples & condition ( o!r bus9ess besides _! own1 = 9 _m in/ances _! own bus9ess is affect$ by ! bus9ess ( o!rs4 ,! lit]ature ( bus9ess has become v important4 ,accuracy is ! supreme requirem5t 9 bus9ess writ+4 ,a s+le mis/atem5t may involve a loss ( confid5ce 9 ! writ] or ! publication--a loss ( money to ! read]4 ,simple con/ruction 9 ! pla9e/ ( language is ! rule = writ+4 ,dem& = ! lit]ature ( bus9ess has made />tl+ *anges 9 ! newspap]s ( to-day1 affect+ daily %eets z well z all j\rnalism4 ,t5 times z mu* space is giv5 to m>ket reports z 0 us$ =ty ye>s ago4 ,bus9ess news is lavi%ly exploit$4 ,x 0 little notic$ 9 ! old days4 ,x is a bus9ess age4 ,! educational impulse ( s*ool & college is 9 ! direction ( bus9ess education r ?an classical or g5]al education4 ,te*nical s*ools are mu* m popul>4 ,bus9ess s*ools are conduct$ by l>ge corporations1 by banks1 by *amb]s ( comm]ce4 ,banks1 insurance companies1 ! railroad organizations1 & big bus9ess conc]ns ma9ta9 /ati/ical & in=mation dep>tm5ts & publi% pamphlets & p]iodical lit]ature4 ,m5 compet5t to produce in=mation are 9 dem& & ^? ( newspap] exp]i5ce are pref]r$4 ,publi%]s are putt+ out an avalan*e ( books on e phase ( bus9ess4 ,! dem& = books ( ref]5ce1 books ( ! practical1 9 our libr>ies is ov]:elm+4 ,reports ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y atte/ t seek]s aft] books ( te*nical in=mation are numb]$ by hundr$s ( ?\s&s4 ,ne>ly all ( ! m5 :o are furni%+ ?is greatly increas$ volume ( bus9ess in=mation h _h daily newspap] (fice exp]i5ce4 ,9 look+ ?r\gh ! li/s ( te*nical j\rnals pr9t$ 9 ,new ,york ,i see ! names ( doz5s ( m5 z _! editors :om ,i recognize z =m] daily newspap] m54 ,!y n[ h p]man5t & responsible po/s at reasonably remun]ative sal>ies4 ,! "w is n s cont9u\sly exact+ z t requir$ 9 ! m9or places 9 ! newspap]4 ,! h\rs ( toil are %ort]1 are 9 ! middle ( ! day1 & are omitt$ on holidays & ,sundays4 ,^! are important consid]ations to ! man :o elects to live by writ+ in=mation4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,village ,,newspap]',s ,,important ,,place ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,j\rnalism ,! "y man ab\t to />t on a j\rnali/ic c>e] %\ld give long ?\ght to ! village newspap]4 ,our s*ools ( j\rnalism are graduat+ ?\s&s ( boys :o int5d to be editors4 ,a few ( !m only c be tak5 on ! big newspap]s = _! /affs are full to ov]fl[+ always4 ,x is difficult1 inde$1 = a "y man to get a place on a big city newspap] & ! prizes are few if he does get x4 ,let u see :at ! small t[n newspap] (f]s4 ,9 ! big cities ne>ly all writ]s are employees4 ,! manag+ editor is employ$ to direct ! /aff & to c>ry out ! own]s' policies4 ,editorial writ]s are employ$ to write4 ,!y h no pecuni>y int]e/ 9 ! prop]ty4 ,9 small cities ! editors are "p own]s frequ5tly2 9 ! villages !y are ! full own]s almo/ always4 ,= ! s-call$ great newspap] ! /aff writes to ord]4 ,! subjects are assign$ & ! treatm5t is indicat$ by ! editor4 ,! policy ( ! %eet t[>d ! important que/ions ( ! day is und]/ood & respect$ by all4 ,indep5d5ce ( ?\ght is n suppos$ or p]mitt$ to disport itself f t policy4 ,all articles are closely revis$ by "s "o else aft] ! writ] has f9i%$ ) !m4 ,!y are made to con=m to e/abli%$ policy1 prec$5t & practice4 ,?is t5ds to r\t9e treatm5t r ?an to bur/s ( orig9ality4 ,x influ5ces to dull writ+4 ,! k t 8 "w is to be revis$ is repressive r ?an /imulat+ to ! writ]4 ,if *anges 9 8 article are frequ5t he *afes & frets1 imag9es t inju/ice is be+ done to him1 gets disc\rag$ & unhappy4 ,! p]sonality ( ! g5]al writ]s = ! press 9 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,*icago1 is kn[n to a few ( _! associates only--is unkn[n to ! g5]al public4 ,inde$1 x w\ld puzzle ev5 newspap] m5 to "n ! editors 9 *ief & ! manag+ editors ( ! morn+ & aft]noon %eets 9 ,new ,york ,city1 al?\gh _m ( !m1 ( c\rse1 are kn[n to almo/ ev]ybody4 ,9 ! small cities1 & especially 9 ! villages1 ^! conditions are 9 exact rev]se4 ,! editor owns 8 newspap]4 ,he is kn[n p]sonally or by reputation to almo/ e memb] ( ! community4 ,he may write z he pleases on any topic1 ab\t any?+1 ab\t anybody4 ,he may praise 8 fri5ds or lamba/e 8 enemies2 may be brilliantly orig9al or /upidly cons]vative or hopelessly imitative4 ,he is ( great community influ5ce & importance4 ,n ev5 ! village cl]gyman is m s4 ,he is made mu* ( at all ga!r+s & is welcom$ :]ev] he goes4 ,! huntsman br+s him bags ( game2 ! g>d5] refre%es him ) ! e>lie/ t5d] vegetables2 8 table is spread ) ! *oice/ ( juicy fruits4 ,! writ]s = ! big newspap]s disc\rse on topics ( national importance--topics t are suppos$ to int]e/ ! masses4 ,r>ely d !y write ab\t p !y "k or h met unless !y are do+ reportorial "w4 ,! village editor busies himself *iefly ) matt]s ( conc]n to 8 community alone4 ,8 ref]5ces to national topics may be few4 ,( 8 own p he may write ) a sympa!tic p]sonal int]e/ born ( close contact ) !m1 ) k ( _! :ims1 _! excell5ces1 _! defici5cies1 & _! wants4 ,8 purpose is to int]e/ !m4 ,he kn[s t !y are m int]e/$ 9 !mselves & 9 ea* o!r ?an 9 any?+ else4 ,a consid]able proportion ( village folks & f>m]s n[ take a daily pap] f ! ne>e/ city ( size4 ,?is daily %eet cov]s national & _w-wide topics s completely t ! weekly _c compete ) x advantage\sly 9 ^! l9es4 ,b ! daily %eet _c compete ) ! weekly 9 ! pr9t+ ( ^? delici\s little intimacies ( village life t mo/ ( all d int]e/ ! villag]4 ,! (t repeat$ ass]tion t ! daily newspap] is runn+ out ! weekly is untrue4 ,if ! village editor *ooses to d s he may a*ieve a supremely satisfy+ influ5ce4 ,he is ! spokesman ( ! community1 voic+ its s5tim5ts1 expla9+ its ne$s1 def5d+ its rights4 ,he may r5d] x extreme s]vice by appeal+ to outside int]e/s 9 praise ( its ent]prises1 its attractions1 its prosp]ity4 ,he may assi/ x immeasurably by help+ to organize & su/a9 its protective associations1 its comm]cial leagues1 its welf>e organizations1 /udy clubs & *>ity circles4 ,he may enc\rage community pride4 ,if he praises ,deacon ,/ev5son = ! beauty ( 8 lawn & floral effects ! deacon's neighbors are sure to make rival lawns4 ,! editor may urge to clean village morals z well z to clean /reets & tidy door y>ds4 ,he may create public s5tim5t & rip5 patriotic _s & be ! moral & ! intellectual =ce ( ! region4 ,he may lead 9 all ?+s4 ,! village editor may make himself belov$ by 8 p4 ,8 relation to !m is t ( close intimacy4 ,he may pr9t ! good ?+s !y say1 may reproduce _! ideas z well z describe _! do+s4 ,he records ! important ev5ts ( _! lives1 ! details ( _! successes1 ! p>ts !y take 9 public affairs4 ,he welcomes ! babies z !y are born & wi%es !m _! full %>e ( all ! good ?+s ?is ,jolly ,old ,e>? has to give4 ,he jo9s 9 congratulations1 felicitations & joyful vocif]ations to bewild]$ brides & gr9n+ bridegrooms4 ,& :5 ! h& ( dea? is laid1 he rev]5tly & t5d]ly recalls t ! summons mu/ come to all sometime2 & he sorr[s & grieves ) ^? on :om affliction has fall54 ,! city newspap] is he>tless :5 dome/ic sc&als or bus9ess irregul>ities are "u public consid]ation4 ,x has no ?\ght ( less5+ p]sonal sorr[4 ,! c\ntry editor reasons some?+ l ?is3 8,i d n pret5d to pr9t all ! news ( ?is community4 ,my read]s are all kn[n to me & are p]sonal fri5ds4 ,!y help me 9 my bus9ess4 ,:y %\ld ,i pr9t /uff t w give !m pa9 or sorr[8 ,i am "u no obligation to pr9t any?+ ab\t anybody4 ,my newspap] is conduct$ z a bus9ess proposition4 ,i am responsible = :at x says & x is n any "o's bus9ess :at ,i pr9t4 ,i am p]sonally int]e/$ 9 community int]e/s & ,i wi% to advance !m always2 b ,i d n c>e to mix 9 my p's p]sonal qu>rels or _! dome/ic affairs unless community int]e/s are involv$4 ,:y %\ld ,i8 ,"s p seem to ?9k t ,i %\ld pr9t ev]y?+ ab\t ev]ybody--except !mselves4 ,!re is a c]ta9 elem5t 9 e community t rejoices 9 o!r p's discomfiture & ,i d n wi% to cat] to t feel+40 ,n only does e "o 9 ! community read ! community pap]1 b e "y man & e "y woman br\ght up !re subscribe = x :5 go+ to live else:]e4 ,x comes z an intimate lett] f ! old home1 & no?+ c be too trivial or too unimportant to int]e/ !m s long z x relates to somebody or some?+ !y h kn[n 9 ! days ( _! y\?--! bur/+ ( ! old dam1 ! fall ( ! old *imney1 ! burn+ ( ! old academy1 or ( ! old mill1 ! m>riages1 ! dea?s1 ! activities ( =m] playmates 9 political1 bus9ess or social life1 any?+ p]ta9+ to ! old home t[n1 any?+ t recalls ! sc5es ( *ildhood1 ! memories ( y\?--all are ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,n long ago ! editor ( ! ,fulton 7,n4 ,y47 ,patriot made a big hit by gett+ a lot ( ! p :o _h mov$ away to write rem9isc5ces ( _! e>ly life 9 ,fulton4 ,almo/ all ( ! writ]s 7 rememb]$ by ! home read]s & ! lett]s made mu* talk4 ,e error 0 p\nc$ on & lett]s ( correction />t$ controv]sy4 ,p involv$ 9 ! talk 7 pleas$4 ,memb]s ( ! human family l to see _! names 9 ! newspap]s4 ,b ! editor %\ld h ambitions & missions f> beyond m]e village gossip4 ,! small t[ns ( ! ,ea/]n /ates h become c5t]s 9 :i* endless v>ieties ( manufactur$ goods are turn$ out1 & x is up to ! editor to exploit e new ?+ connect$ ) ! raw mat]ial & ) ! mak+ & ! m>ket+ ( ! product 9 :i* ! community is int]e/$4 ,! middle-/ate t[ns are giv5 l>gely to manufactur+ on a l>g] scale1 to coal & coke & oil indu/ries1 to /eel1 to ! mak+ ( ma*9]y4 ,! editor %\ld furni% all possible in=mation4 ,! ,s\? ) its cotton1 sug>1 & tobacco is an especially int]e/+ field = community specializ+4 ,b great] ?an ^! is t va/ indu/ry spread+ f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific 9 :i* "o half ( ! nation's population is int]e/$ because dep5d5t on x--agriculture4 ,n[1 ( ! sixte5 ?\s& weekly newspap]s pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m ?an t5 ?\s& are publi%$ 9 rural communities--9 villages :]e ! prosp]ity ( doctors1 lawy]s1 m]*ants1 tradesm51 s*ools & *ur*es dep5ds on ! prosp]ity ( ! f>m]4 ,ne>ly e f>m] takes a j\rnal devot$ to agriculture2 b f>m+ conditions v>y greatly 9 diff]5t regions1 & ! village editor :o c furni% real in=mation to ! f>m] ( 8 imm$iate neighborhood w p]=m ! mo/ valuable sort ( community s]vice4 ,! av]age man is m int]e/$ 9 8 bus9ess ?an 9 any?+ else4 ,he delights to read ab\t x4 ,! editor's greate/ conc]n %\ld be to s]ve ! int]e/s ( 8 p>i%4 ,! p look to him = lead]%ip & help4 ,!y want ! community exploit$4 ,!y want _! %>e ( ev]y?+ go+4 ,!y want ! prices ( _! products kept up & _! taxes kept d[n4 ,!y want good roads1 good s*ools1 good m>kets1 attractive *ur*es4 ,& !y appreciate an excell5t newspap]4 ,!re are hundr$s ( villages & hamlets1 especially 9 ! ,s\? & 9 ! ,we/1 t are f> remov$ f any l>ge city4 ,_! inhabitants lose int]e/ 9 ! do+s ( ! great outside _w1 b _! own ne$s are s5s$ ) no %all[ und]/&+4 ,village life ?r\gh\t our c\ntry is tak+ on ! attractions ( intellectual uplift & ref9em5t t long h be5 ! pride & ! boa/ ( ,new ,engl& communities4 ,! ,new ,engl& village1 made attractive by its imitation ( ! beautiful village ( ,old ,engl&1 has spread f> across ! cont95t4 ,poets & /ory tell]s h idealiz$ its %ady /reets1 gild$ its *ur* spires & prais$ its intellig5ce ) e felicity ( language4 ,x has its libr>ies1 its /udy clubs1 its improvem5t associations1 its lecture c\rses1 its high s*ools1 its *ur*es1 its e facility = lib]al education4 ,usually !re is a college close at h&4 ,x is some?+ ( a fad at ! mom5t = our "y writ]s ( novels to exagg]ate ! repulsive features ( ! ,am]ican village1 to magnify its unpleasant aspects1 to ignore its excell5ces4 ,b j z ! measure ( a man's greatness %\ld re/ on 8 highe/ a*ievem5ts r ?an on 8 l[e/1 s %\ld ! beauty ( a village be judg$ by its tidy lawns1 its fragrant fl[] g>d5s1 its arti/ic vi/as ( %ad$ /reets1 in/ead ( by its back y>ds1 its a% & g>bage heaps1 & its dumps = old t9 cans4 ,! degree ( its intellig5ce & ref9em5t %\ld include ! p ( education & culture 9 ! measurem5t z well z ! l\ts1 ! cl[ns & ! vulg> ignorant4 ,! mod]n village has _m ( ! ess5tial advantages possess$ by ! city3 facilities = ! developm5t ( intellectual life1 = /udy1 = p]sonal ease & com=t1 = ! enjoym5t ( social life4 ,y h a m :olesome exi/5ce2 live a little ne>] to nature2 y\r fri5d%ips are f9] & m la/+4 ,y\r v environm5t p]suades to a great] appreciation ( community comrade%ip4 ,pr9t+ a newspap] "h (f]s a fasc9at+ & a fairly pr(itable c>e] to ! "y man j quitt+ 8 /udies4 ,electricity & gasol9e h greatly increas$ ! pleasures ( village life1 h lit]ally trans=m$ rural regions by giv+ quick communication ) bus9ess & social & intellectual c5t]s4 ,mod]n devices h b]eft life !re ( mu* ( its old-"t drudg]y4 ,! p are wide awake4 ,_! g5]al intellig5ce is q equal to ! g5]al intellig5ce ( city p4 ,likewise1 ! newspap]s are mu* improv$4 ,mod]n pr9t+ ma*9]y & facilities h remov$ irksome processes4 ,editorial associations & ! te*nical newspap] press h inspir$ to high] ideals4 ,! bus9ess has become /&>diz$ on a high] plane ( excell5ce4 ,_m ( our high s*ools & almo/ all ( our colleges h c\rses 9 j\rnalism4 ,_! educational influ5ces are reflect$ already 9 ! c\ntry newspap]s1 especially 9 ! ,we/4 ,! /ate univ]sities ( ,miss\ri1 ,kansas & ,m9nesota1 = in/ance1 h s5t hundr$s ( "y m5 back to _! villages to d j\rnali/ic "w4 ,! leav5 ( prep>ation is work+ wond]s4 ,moreov]1 success 9 village or small t[n j\rnalism frequ5tly leads to success 9 big cities4 ,! editors ( big city newspap]s are ov]:elm$ ) c&idates = a place on ! /aff1 b ! applicants usually are unkn[n beg9n]s1 & !y are reject$4 ,b ! village editor ( real ability _c hide 8 light2 8 good "w attracts att5tion4 ,! manag]s ( ! great j\rnals seek m5 ( sup]ior quality & ask !m to jo9 ! newspap] /aff4 ,hundr$s ( ! f9e/ editors 9 ?is c\ntry />t$ or matur$ on our rural newspap]s4 ,good newspap] "w1 :e!r 9 city or c\ntry1 attracts att5tion & is sure ( rew>d4 ,! village editor's task is n easy4 ,he writes almo/ all ( ! edition & conducts ! bus9ess end z well4 ,8 editorial page may reflect 8 fancy = little or mu* comm5t1 b he naturally w h "o article 9 ea* edition on a subject ( national importance & two or ?ree relat+ to community int]e/s4 ,he w compile f ! daily %eets a column or two ( ! mo/ important news ( ! _w & w clip f ! ex*anges int]e/+ miscellane\s matt]1 p>agraphs & articles4 ,he w enc\rage 8 read]s to write lett]s to ! editor = publication1 & ^! he w revise & prep>e4 ,he w h a news correspond5t 9 e neighbor+ hamlet1 & ?is news mu/ be revis$ & made ready to pr9t4 ,8 neighborhood news is ( vital importance = 8 villag]s "k almo/ all ( ! inhabitants = miles ar\nd4 ,b 8 *ief task is to be f\nd 9 ! collect+ & writ+ ( s-call$ local news4 ,! v life ( 8 %eet dep5ds on ?is in=mation4 ,to ga!r x involves con/ant1 pa9/ak+ toil4 ,he has to hunt = x1 has to m+le ) ! p 9 ! se>* = x4 ,! measure ( 8 success z an editor may be f\nd 9 8 ability to recognize :at is news & :at is n4 ,?is is an editorial accompli%m5t t may be enri*$ by /udy & obs]vation4 ,let him seek to "k :at w int]e/ 8 read]1 :at 8 con/itu5ts are ?9k+ ab\t & especially :at he c pr9t t w set !m to talk+4 ,to make ! pap] int]e/+1 to make x talk$ ab\t1 %\ld be 8 con/ant anxiety4 ,! mission ( ! village %eet is to amuse1 to gossip1 to reflect community life r ?an to educate4 ,! editor lives 9 close intimacy ) 8 p & if he be wise he w assume ! attitude ( mak+ _! int]e/s 8 int]e/s4 ,he w make elaborately long acc\nts ( _! public meet+s1 ! social ga!r+s1 ! ball games1 ! s*ool conte/s1 ! ?+s ! p d4 ,8 con/itu5ts may "k ( _w-wide ev5ts f ! city pap]s b !y _c read ab\t !mselves any:]e else ?an 9 8 pap]4 ,?\s&s ( ,am]icans nev] see _! "n 9 pr9t except p]*ance 9 ! village newspap] & !y are grateful1 inde$1 to see x !re4 ,! village newspap] %\ld n seek to imitate ! city %eet4 ,its editor %\ld devote 8 en]gies to ! rural ne$s & ! rural activities ( 8 five ?\s& or t5 ?\s& con/itu5ts4 ,let !m get _! outside in=mation f ! city dailies or ! p]iodical press4 ,& our prov9cial editor's acute temptation w be to imitate--to make 8 %eet l 8 neighbor's %eet4 ,he w be tempt$ to save "t & /udy by /eal+ ! ?\ghts ( o!rs4 ,he wants a lead+ editorial article4 ,:at s easy z to rewrite "o f ! columns ( a di/ant daily *ang+ n ! =m ( con/ruction or ! argum5t or ! conclusion--*ang+ no?+ b ! word+4 ,?is is a common practice ( ! lazy editor4 ,i hope to be =giv5 = s con/antly ref]r+ to x z a repressive influ5ce1 z a s]i\s detrim5t to ! progress ( ,am]ican j\rnalism4 ,x easily becomes a habit4 ,its practice is allur+ =1 if x produces a m ?\ghtful article ?an ! editor is capable ( writ+1 ! p praise x ?us giv+ to ! editor ! mo/ subtle ( all flatt]y1 ! flatt]y t is undes]v$1 ! flatt]y t attributes to a man some?+ he does n possess4 ,! editor enjoys x ov]mu*4 ,! village editor usually is deep 9 local politics4 ,q z mu* z any "o else does he help to "n ! t[n (fic]s1 ! c\nty rul]s1 ! man to ! legislature1 ! congressman4 ,frequ5tly1 inde$1 he is call$ to ^! po/s or to ! high] honors ( ! ,/ate4 ,he sits on gov]n+ bo>ds & he is a delegate to all sorts ( conv5tions4 ,he is big 9 public affairs4 ,?is k9d ( newspap] life is entirely diff]5t f t ( ! city4 ,x is a life t may be made exce$+ly attractive & t may be enjoy$ to ! utt]mo/ because ( its indep5d5ce1 its great influ5ce1 its close intimacy ) ! p & its opportunities = :olesome s]vice4 ,:at ! editor writes is read by ev]ybody1 ! *ildr5 z well1 & we all "k h[ a *ild is influ5c$ by :at x reads4 ,"s "o has said ( ! village editor3 8,he comes pretty ne> be+ ! boss ( ! entire t[n40 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,daily ,,newspap] ,,9 ,,! ,,small ,,city 8,i _h r be ! editor ( a daily 9 a small city ?an hold any o!r newspap] po/10 rem>k$ a j\rnali/ :o _h tri$ almo/ e k9d ( newspap] "w--& _m w agree ) him4 ,increas$ facilities = ga!r+ news & in=mation & ! wond]ful improvem5t 9 pr9t+ (fice me*anism p]mit ! mak+ ( a complete newspap] almo/ any:]e4 ,! small cities may h j z good a daily %eet z ! big ones if ! own]s c>e to pay ! price ( produc+ x4 ,! news associations & ! telegraph companies deliv] news simultane\sly 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! newspap] 9 ! remote ,nor?we/ or ! extreme ,s\? gets ! same telegraphic news z is furni%$ to ,new ,york ,city or to ,new ,engl&4 ,any editor may supplem5t 8 news s]vice ) syndicate articles--by :i* is meant1 articles writt5 9 ,new ,york1 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,/ate ,capital1 or any:]e1 & duplicat$ to any numb] ( newspap]s4 ,syndicate s]vice has come to be an important feature ( ,am]ican j\rnalism4 ,its use saves ! editor "t1 tr\ble1 & exp5se4 ,a few syndicates 9 ,new ,york & ,wa%+ton s5d special news by wire b mo/ ( ! matt] goes by mail4 ,x consi/s l>gely ( articles on national topics1 social topics1 bus9ess1 ! !at]s1 music1 art1 & sports4 ,at ?is writ+ a syndicate is s5d+ f ,new ,york a s]vice ( excell5t editorial articles on g5]al topics4 ,all sorts ( feature matt] also may be _h3 ! m$ical column1 ! cook]y dep>tm5t1 ! fa%ion %[1 ! "q & answ] div]sion1 ! %ort daily or weekly /ory ( fiction1 a daily c>toon or a comic /rip or cut4 ,entire pages ( matt] are (f]$ on e imag9able topic = use 9 ,saturday & ,sunday edition supplem5ts4 ,!y include ev5 ! comic pictorial broadsides 9 vivid color4 ,sev]al ( ! big metropolitan %eets sell _! miscellane\s ,sunday features entire & "s ( !m furni% a special news s]vice int5d$ to supplem5t ! news associations' report4 ,?is news s]vice & ,sunday syndicate s]vice s5t f ! big newspap]s furni% ! id5tical articles t appe> 9 ! pap]s f ^: (fices !y are s5t4 ,by _! use ! out ( t[n editor may g a great way t[>d reproduc+ ! big city %eet4 ,all ( ?is k9d ( matt] is (f]$ at ridicul\sly l[ prices1 ! pr(it to ! produc] be+1 ( c\rse1 9 its repeat$ duplication4 ,! mod]n multiple pr9t+ press1 ! mod]n /]eotyp+ process & ! l9otype typesett+ ma*9e are 9 g5]al use all ov] ! c\ntry1 giv+ ! same me*anical facilities z enjoy$ 9 ! l>g] cities4 ,by avail+ himself ( all ^! ?+s ! editor 9 ! small city may produce a newspap] ( any size & almo/ any quality to suit 8 fancy4 ,9 all matt]s ( national or /ate importance or ( _w-wide int]e/ he may reasonably compete ) ! big newspap]s if he c>es to sp5d ! money ) :i* to d s4 ,! *ief conc]n ( ! prov9cial editor h[ev] w c5t] 9 8 organization = ! collection ( home & neighborhood news4 ,?is mu/ be ( sup]ior quality & 9 g5]\s volume1 = 8 s-call$ 8local0 news is vital to 8 success4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city !re is practically no su* ?+ z local news4 ,happ5+s ( consid]able importance are n pr9t$ simply because !y happ5$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,!y mu/ possess en\gh ( importance 9 !mselves to int]e/ a l>ge numb] ( read]s1 mu/ be j z int]e/+ to outsid]s z to resid5ts ( ! city4 ,scores ( big societies & organizations give banquets ) ?ree h\rs ( oratory & report]s li/5+ to e ^w1 b unless some?+ important or highly int]e/+ is said by ! speak]s ! newspap]s pr9t n a ^w ab\t ! ev5t4 ,an ord9>y murd]1 or suicide1 or elopem5t1 or a celebration l t ( a gold5 w$d+1 ev5 ?\gh x may h happ5$ 9 ! next block to :]e he lives does n int]e/ a ,new ,york] any m ?an z ?\gh x _h happ5$ 9 ,bo/on or ,buffalo4 ,he does n "k ! p]sons involv$4 ,! newspap]s make v little ( ! ev5t unless x has "s dramatic features4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city !re are betwe5 two hundr$ & fifty & ?ree hundr$ homicides e ye> & n "o half ( !m are ev5 m5tion$ by ! press4 ,! details ( !m are kn[n 9 e (fice b little is pr9t$ ab\t !m because !y are n ( g5]al int]e/4 ,n[1 _h ! big banquet or ! murd] or ! o!r ?+s happ5$ 9 a small city ! editor mu/ h pr9t$ columns ( matt] ab\t !m1 = ! v good reason t 9 small] communities ev]ybody kn[s ev]ybody else & all are int]e/$ 9 ea* o!r4 ,ev]ybody :o att5d$ ! banquet mu/ be especially int]e/$ 9 x = p l to read ab\t ?+s 9 :i* !y !mselves p>ticipate4 ,! metropolitan press pr9ts no?+ ( ! ord9>y happ5+s 9 ! scores ( cities & villages )9 fifty or sev5ty-five miles4 ,! small city newspap] has a correspond5t 9 e t[n & hamlet ne> by & ev]y?+ ( any acc\nt is record$4 ,9 ! c\ntry1 ! newspap] t has ! be/ t[n & neighborhood news becomes ! mo/ popul> %eet4 ,9 ! big city ! editor & 8 /aff "k p]sonally a v small proportion ( ! population2 9 ! small city !y "k ev]ybody wor? kn[+4 ,! prov9cial editor enjoys1 if he w1 ! social life ( ! place4 ,he hobnobs ) ! congressman1 ) ! /ate (fic]s :o *ance to live ne>1 ) all ^? :o h to d ) public affairs4 ,he is influ5tial 9 _! selection4 ,he p>ticipates 9 public functions1 takes a lively int]e/ 9 all t is go+ on1 sits 9 c\ncils1 is a memb] ( ! bo>d ( education & tru/ee ( ! ne>by college1 & by p]sonal int]e/ & activity makes himself a 8lead+ citiz50 ( ! place4 ,! j\rnali/ 9 ! small city1 l ! village editor1 is 9 close intimacy ) 8 read]s4 ,he is b\nd to !m by ! tie ( community int]e/4 ,he lives ) !m z well z = !m4 ,he may make himself ! mo/ influ5tial & ! mo/ belov$ man 9 ! neighborhood if he c>es to d s4 ,repeat$ly 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is ,republic ! editor ( ! small city newspap] has be5 call$ to ! ,presid5t's cab9et1 to a =eign ambassador%ip1 to ! national congress1 to ! gov]nm5t ( 8 /ate & to c\nty & t[n (fice4 ,loyalty to community int]e/s is p]haps z popul> & z pr(itable an attitude z ! prov9cial editor c take4 ,if ! t[n ne$s sew]s1 or if its pavem5ts are poor1 or its /reets unclean1 or its educational sy/em is faulty1 or any obvi\s re=m is ne$$1 he easily c effect ! *ange4 ,"s public (ficial is responsible = ! defect & no?+ s quickly w>ms an (ficial into life z temp]ate1 conv9c+ criticism ( 8 acts4 ,he _c )/& public op9ion1 & he kn[s t public op9ion f9ds its fir/ reflection 9 ! newspap]4 ,! editor may influ5ce z none o!r c t[>d ! erection ( public build+s1 ! e/abli%m5t ( high s*ools or colleges1 ! mak+ ( p>ks1 & ! br++ to t[n ( new ent]prises4 ,he may *ampion ! community ne$s by address+ legislative bodies1 may def5d aga9/ unju/ taxation1 may call = /ate aid or f$]al assi/ance4 ,9 a ?\s& ways he may influ5ce to great b5efits4 ,!re is no d5y+ ! fasc9ation1 ! :olesome satisfaction ( well direct$ influ5ce4 ,!re is no limit to ! hone/ pride a man may h because he influ5ces ! ?\ghts & ! actions ( _m m54 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,rew>ds ,,( ,,j\rnalism--,,*iefly ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,cong5ial ,,employm5t--,,community ,,s]vice ,a broad] compreh5sion ?an t reflect$ by m]e pecuni>y results is necess>y to a prop] e/imate ( ! rew>ds ( j\rnalism4 ,great pecuni>y success has come to a few metropolitan newspap] own]s1 mod]ate success to _m own]s 9 o!r cities2 b ! numb] ( successful own]s is v small comp>$ ) ! ?\s&s1 9 numb]1 ( j\rnali/s :o are work+ = sal>y only--! m5 :o repres5t ! j\rnalism ( ! day4 ,x is difficult to comp>e ! rew>ds ( j\rnalism ) ^? ( any o!r bus9ess or pr(ession4 ,if we consid] ! pecuni>y rew>ds ! comp>ison c]ta9ly mu/ be unfavorable4 ,let u see3-- ,_m successful lawy]s h incomes f fifty ?\s& doll>s upw>d1 a ye>4 ,_m physicians & _m surgeons make fifty ?\s& doll>s or m by ! practice ( _! pr(ession4 ,!re are oculi/s & arti/s :o make ?irty ?\s& plus4 ,our prize op]atic s+]s h so>$ to two hundr$ ?\s&4 ,! presid5ts ( banks1 railroad companies1 insurance companies1 /eel companies1 copp] companies--m5 :o h a*iev$ high success 9 _! bus9ess--commonly en\gh h sal>ies ( f fifty ?\s& to "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s a ye> & e opportunity to d\ble ! sum if !y *oose to live up to _! privileges4 ,^! are ! prizes ( ! call+ to ! mo/ successful m5 9 x2 & 9 a way !y measure ! success ( ! m5 :o h won !m4 ,b !re are few prizes 9 ! newspap] bus9ess4 ,no?+ l ^! big sal>ies is paid to ! m5 :o a*ieve supreme j\rnali/ic success4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city = in/ance--& ,new ,york is ! be/ newspap] city 9 ! _w1 pays ! bigge/ sal>ies1 & (f]s ! be/ j\rnali/ic advantages & *ances--possibly t5 editors h tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,"o brilliant editor has mu* m ?an ?is sum = ! reason t 8 contract ) ! own]--made :5 ! %eet's circulation 0 small--0 bas$ on ! numb] ( pap]s to be sold4 ,! circulation increas$ to ph5om5al figures & s did ! editor's pay4 ,( ! sev5 ?\s& newspap] editors & writ]s 9 ,new ,york ,city1 a numb] n exce$+ tw5ty h sal>ies ( m ?an tw5ty ?\s& doll>s2 yet ^? :o h a*iev$ g5u9e success 9 ! bus9ess--success t is relatively z great z t ( ! bank presid5ts & pr(essional m5 m5tion$ above--may be numb]$ by ! hundr$4 ,newspap] sal>ies are v mu* l>g] ?an !y 7 =ty ye>s ago1 d\ble z mu* 9 "s dep>tm5ts1 yet1 despite ?is1 ! pecuni>y rew>ds h no comp>ison ) ^? ( _m o!r pr(essions or bus9esses4 ,s9ce ?is book's int5t is to tell ! "y man j :at j\rnalism (f]s we may say t 9 ,new ,york ,city1 at ?is writ+ 7#aibb7 ! sal>ies ( editors 9 *ief1 = morn+ & ev5+ newspap]s1 range f fifte5 ?\s& to ?irty-five ?\s& doll>s2 ^? ( manag+ editors f eight ?\s& to ?irty ?\s& doll>s2 city editors1 f\r ?\s& to t5 ?\s& doll>s2 copy read]s1 two ?\s& to f\r ?\s& doll>s2 dramatic & music critics1 f\r ?\s& to sev5 ?\s& five hundr$ doll>s2 /aff writ]s on f9ance & politics1 f\r ?\s& to eight ?\s& doll>s2 report]s1 "o ?\s& to sev5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,^! !n are ! pecuni>y rew>ds ( ! bus9ess to ! m5 :o d n a*ieve own]%ip4 ,9 o!r cities !y are mu* small]2 9 ! small cities n m ?an half s mu*4 ,prices paid = newspap] "w diff] mat]ially 9 diff]5t (fices4 ,= reasons ( policy or pov]ty "s pay mu* less ?an o!rs4 ,! high] sums j m5tion$ g to ! few only1 = x %\ld rema9 9 m9d t !re is "o editor 9 *ief only1 "o manag+ editor1 "o city editor1 "o dramatic critic on ea* %eet1 & ! daily newspap]s "u consid]ation numb] twelve or f\rte5 only 9 ! metropolitan di/rict4 ,?ree qu>t]s ( ! newspap] work]s on ^! j\rnals e>n less ?an f\r ?\s& doll>s ea* a ye>4 ,! man :o e>ns five ?\s& doll>s a ye> 9 a ,new ,york (fice is rat$ z highly successful & desirable1 & usually 8 s]vices are 9 dem& 9 o!r (fices--= good m5 9 j\rnalism are exce$+ly sc>ce4 ,to ! y\ng/] j ent]+ ! bus9ess ^! newspap] sal>ies may look attractive2 inde$ "o ( ! magnets ( ! call+ is ! fact t f ! fir/ ! beg9n] is paid fifte5 or tw5ty doll>s a week1 or en\gh to live on4 ,physicians & lawy]s frequ5tly make comp>atively no?+ = a ye> or two aft] !y beg94 ,& _m newspap] m5 seem satisfi$ to "w along ?r\gh life on :at !y c get4 ,9 all (fices may be se5 ! pa!tic spectacle ( m5 ) silv]$ locks :o h sat at ! same desk = m ?an a ?ird ( a c5tury4 ,newspap] "w is fasc9at+1 yet x is sadly ephem]al4 ,9 ! big city ! life ( ! newspap] is six h\rs2 9 ! small city less ?an tw5ty-f\r4 ,! morn+ newspap] la/s until t[>d noon2 ! ev5+ %eet ceases to ?rill at b$ "t4 ,dawn br+s a new edition & ye/]day's is =gott5 =ev]4 ,! bright say+s ( ! editor amuse & int]e/ = ! mom5t b !y d n live4 ,!y are n ( a nature to make a la/+ impression or rew>d4 ,greeley is rememb]$ z a vigor\s abolitioni/ & temp]ance advocate & a virile writ] on national topics1 b to-day 8 writ+s are uns\ght save by a few /ud5ts ( j\rnalism & a few hi/orians ( ,civil ,w> times4 ,t ,william ,cull5 ,bryant 0 a great editor is almo/ =gott52 b 8 fame z a poet la/s4 ,samuel ,b[les & ,murat ,hal/$ & ,joseph ,m$ill & o!r great editors ( ! ,civil ,w> p]iod _h nation-wide reputations z uphold]s ( ,l9coln & z *ampions ( ! ,union cause4 ,!y are absolutely unread to-day4 ,dana1 ^: spl5did s*ol>%ip1 ^: famili>ity ) all lit]ature1 ^: m>vel\s memory & ^: /up5d\s res]voir ( in=mation mu/ h insur$ him la/+ fame _h he devot$ himself to ! mak+ ( books1 0 s fasc9at$ & s incessantly busy ) ! mak+ ( newspap]s t he attempt$ little t might int]e/ future g5]ations4 ,he mu/ h atta9$ ! heights ( lit]>y reputation _h he und]tak5 au?or%ip4 ,eug5e ,field toil$ 9 r\t9e newspap] "w = tw5ty ye>s2 8 fame re/s 9 8 v]ses4 ,nobody rememb]s ,john ,hay z a h>d-work+ j\rnali/1 yet he 0 "o1 & a good "o1 too4 ,he w n be =gott5 z a /atesman & a poet4 ,walt ,:itman's _m ye>s ( editor%ip seldom are recall$3 8 poetry lives4 ,:o kn[s t ,edg> ,all5 ,poe 0 an editor f #ahce to #ahdg2 :o does n "k 8,! ,rav580 ,noah ,web/] 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s & editors ( ,am]ican ,m9]va 9 #agic4 ,john ,g4 ,:itti] 0 an editor until he ab&on$ j\rnalism = au?or%ip4 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes wrote = p]iodicals f #aheg until #ahia4 ,?omas ,jeff]son f\nd$ ! ,national ,gazette 9 #agia4 ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de 0 a newspap] writ]4 ,william ,d4 ,h[ells began 8 c>e] z an editor4 ,^! m5 mu/ h done f9e newspap] "w1 b little record ( x rema9s4 ,9 ,france1 j at ! close ( ! ,_w ,w>1 ne>ly all ! memb]s ( ! gov]nm5t _h be5 writ]s = ! newspap]s4 ,!y w be rememb]$ z /atesm51 n z editors4 ,( !m ,mr4 ,/phane ,lauzanne1 ! editor ( le ,mat91 says3 ,mr4 ,raymond ,po9c>1 ! ,presid5t1 =m]ly wrote articles t 7 rem>kable = _! cle>ness1 lucidity1 & argum5tation on ! greate/ economical & political problems t ev] agitat$ ,france4 ,mr4 ,georges ,clm5ceau1 ,premi]1 has always be5 look$ ^u z ! fir/ newspap] man 9 ,france1 ! pride ( ! ,fr5* press1 = z a matt] ( fact1 he has be5 ! guid+ _s & active head ( sev]al important newspap]s1 creat+ !m1 mak+ !m up1 edit+ !m & inspir+ !m--9 a ^w1 sett+ 8 m>k ^u !m4 ,mr4 ,/eph5 ,pi*on1 ,secret>y ( ,=eign ,affairs1 is also a newspap] man4 ,= a long "t he 0 on ! /aff ( ,ju/ice & aft]w>d publi%] ( le ,petit ,j\rnal4 ,o!r memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,cab9et1 ,mr4 ,laff]re1 ,secret>y ( ,public ,education2 ,mr4 ,klotz1 ,secret>y ( ,f9ance2 ,mr4 ,georges ,leygues1 ,secret>y ( ! ,navy2 h also writt5 9 ! great dailies ( ,p>is & ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,dumesnil1 ,"u-,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,aviation1 0 at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] a brilliant & active report]4 ,no1 newspap] articles1 sp>kl+ & spectacul> z _m ( !m are1 mu/ be recogniz$ z ephem]al4 ,! editor has no "t = leisurely "w4 ,he r>ely /udies a s+le subject long en\gh or int5sely en\gh to become pr(\ndly au?oritative on t subject4 ,he goes on ?r\gh life in=m+1 elucidat+1 expla9+1 prote/+1 analyz+1 until ov]tak5 by ! infirmities ( ye>s he passes f view4 ,9 a hazy sort ( a way x is said ( him t he 0 a great editor1 b all t he wrote = 8 newspap] is =gott54 ,he leaves little = future g5]ations to pond] ov]4 ,alas6 ,x is a sick5+1 sadd5+ ?\ght t ! newspap] is = ! mom5t only & t ! editor :o leaves beh9d him a la/+ record ( greatness has ga9$ x ?r\gh "s o!r l9e ( endeavor4 ,to ! ambiti\s man ! av]age newspap] sal>y means little4 ,any possible sav+s f x mu/ be insuffici5t to make him especially prosp]\s4 ,!y d n insure aga9/ a p9* 9 old age or aga9/ mis=tune4 ,!y d n p]mit ( ! accumulation ( mu* prop]ty or capital4 ,!y furni% a feeble inspiration to ! ambition t seeks ! com=t ( leisurely life1 ! /imulation ( ext5d$ travel1 or ! luxury ( intellectual repose & fre$om f physical ex]tion t e "o hopes may bless 8 decl9+ ye>s4 ,& if ^! conditions be true ( metropolitan work]s1 h[ mu* ! m mu/ !y befit ! writ]s = newspap]s 9 ! small] cities & villages4 ,x is n ! ideal ( ! ,am]ican boy ei!r 9 c\ntry or city to live =ev] 9 a r5t$ h\se or on a small sal>y1 or1 inde$1 to live ! simple life4 ,! small-city j\rnalism (f]s little else ?an ^! if ! "y man _c become a newspap] own]4 ,to ! man :o owns 8 %eet ! rew>ds are m abundant4 ,b own]%ip involves ! possession ( capital & usually ! "y man j ?r\gh ) /ud5t life has no capital except 8 bra9s4 ,9 o!r call+s ! capital ( bra9s comm&s success1 notably 9 ! law1 9 m$ic9e1 9 eng9e]+1 9 ar*itecture1 b 9 ! newspap] bus9ess1 :ile bra9s are absolutely ess5tial !y advance ! "y man only s f>1 give b feeble rew>d1 unless re9=c$ ) capital ) :i* to buy a newspap] prop]ty4 ,x surely is a disc\rag+ feature ( ! call+ t1 h[ev] intellectual or le>n$ a man may be1 he r>ely a*ieves m ?an mod]ate pecuni>y success1 z long z he rema9s an employee4 ,9 ! big cities ! big prop]ties h a money valuation measur$ by millions ( doll>s4 ,!y are own$ g5]ally by v ri* m5 or families & own]%ip r>ely *anges4 ,to possess "o ( !m has be5 ! ard5t & unaccompli%$ ambition ( ?\s&s ( m53 capitali/s1 /atesm51 re=m]s1 philan?ropi/s1 cranks4 ,! *ance ( ! "y j\rnali/ gett+ "o is inf9itesimal4 ,& 9 ! small city ! price put on a newspap] t by *ance happ5s to be = sale is f> beyond its e>n+ value4 ,!re seems to be "s my/]i\s +r$i5t 9 newspap] prop]ties t gives !m a fictiti\s value 9 ! m9d ( ! own]4 ,:e!r x is prospective influ5ce1 or prospective prospects1 or :at1 nobody is able to expla92 b ! %eet is always 8wor? mu* m ?an x is e>n+40 ,x is a curi\s fact t1 :]eas a factory1 or a /ore1 or a f>m1 or a railroad t has n made a c5t = five or six ye>s1 w sell = no m ?an its old junk repres5ts1 nev]!less a newspap] ) ! same pov]ty ( pr(its comm&s a price bas$ on a prodigality ( pr(its4 ,! v great success ( "s newspap]s seems to h inspir$ ! belief t any %eet may be made pr(itable if prop]ly manag$2 b x %\ld n be =gott5 t bus9ess ability c\nts = q z mu* z editorial excell5ce on ! newspap] balance %eet4 ,inde$1 x may c\nt = m1 = h we n se5 excell5tly edit$ %eets fail utt]ly1 & d we n "k ( o!rs1 utt]ly devoid ( editorial wor?1 9 :i* ! joy bells ( prosp]ity t9kle a *e]ful *ime8 ,s9ce !n ! sav+s f ! sal>y ( ev5 ! successful newspap] writ] are insuffici5t = ! accumulation ( prop]ty or ! e/abli%m5t ( any consid]able prosp]ity1 & s9ce newspap] own]%ip involves ! inve/m5t ( capital & sm>t bus9ess ability z well1 x foll[s t our "y man mu/ look beyond m]e pecuni>y ga9s = ! rew>ds ( j\rnalism4 ,:at !n are "s ( ! rew>ds8 ,! editor may ex]cise 8 gifts ( p]suasion 9 unnumb]$ directions4 ,! important activities ( ! _w pass by him 9 daily review4 ,8 m5tal vision may survey ! entire field ( human ?\ght1 furni%+ delightful subjects = consid]ation1 = /udy1 = exposition4 ,9 all mode/y & )\t va+lory he may rejoice 9 ! satisfaction ( well direct$ influ5ce2 may f9d pleasure 9 ! responsibility ( influ5c+ public op9ion2 may take pride 9 ! endeavor to aid 9 ! intellectual & moral uplift ( 8 fell[-m54 ,:at great] rew>d ha? man ?an ?is8 ,!re are no problems ( /atecraft1 sci5ce1 society or religion1 t he may n und]take4 ,ev]ybody likes to tell 8 neighbor ! late/ news & gossip & especially likes to add :at he ?9ks ab\t !m4 ,! newspap] editor tells 8 in=mation to ?\s&s2 & he f9ds additional satisfaction 9 tell+ x well4 ,to take a h& 9 e political %9dy is upro>i\sly good fun2 inde$1 not)/&+ all its importance1 its responsibilities1 its dignities1 !re is m fun 9 ! newspap] bus9ess ?an 9 any o!r occupation kn[n to man4 ,nei!r are ! joys & ! advantages ( a newspap] connection conf9$ to ! editorial desk alone4 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 abundant fund ( in=mation on curr5t ev5ts & 8 k ( ! ways ( ! _w ! editor is ask$ to p>ticipate 9 all sorts ( public ev5ts4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! privilege ( ! editor 9 ! small city :]e he is well kn[n & :]e ev]ybody seeks 8 good op9ion & good w4 ,!re he is f\nd 9 meet+s & c\ncils & all social ga!r+s ( any acc\nt1 tak+ active "p 9 ! speak+ & ! dispos+4 ,!re1 too1 he is active 9 p>ty politics1 9 community int]e/s & 9 ! t[n's public life4 ,9 ! big cities he is less 9 public gaze1 yet1 if he has rea*$ editorial success1 he f9ds himself welcome :]ev] p ga!r4 ,if p]*ance he c speak pleas+ly he is ask$ = addresses to all sorts ( audi5ces & = aft]-d9n] spee*es at public banquets4 ,8 long exp]i5ce 9 m+l+ ) public m5 gives him ease ( mann] 9 social ga!r+s4 ,con/ant practice 9 writ+ usually gives him ! gift ( ready spee*4 ,! editor is ask$ to consult ) citiz5s' committees1 to sit ) advisory bo>ds1 to take memb]%ip 9 all sorts ( organizations & clubs4 ,he has e opportunity to p>ticipate actively 9 ! social1 ! political1 & ! intellectual life ( 8 p>i%4 ,& ! wise editor does all ^? ?+s1 appreciat+ t x is to 8 bus9ess advantage to m+le ) ! p1 to "k :at !y are talk+ ab\t1 :at int]e/s !m1 & :at may be _! op9ions4 ,nor c x be d5i$ t ! editor ( importance f9ds supreme satisfaction 9 ! acqua9tances he makes4 ,no o!r occupation (f]s su* opportunity = meet+ public m51 = intimacy ) ^? :o are influ5c+ ! intellectual & ! comm]cial _w4 ,8 v environm5t br+s him 9 contact ) !m4 ,he has ! in/ruction ( _! wisdom & _! op9ion & !y are int]e/$ 9 him because ( 8 famili>ity ) curr5t ev5ts2 & v (t5 ! *oice/ ( comrade%ip results4 ,he kn[s 8 fell[ editors4 ,he kn[s ! successful au?ors1 ! essayi/s1 ! critics1 ! mak]s ( lit]ature & ! lov]s ( lit]ature1 ! m5 conspicu\s 9 education1 ! lead]s 9 ! social _w4 ,he may1 if he w1 f9d himself 9 con/ant association ) ! brighte/ m9ds & ! mo/ intellectual p ( ! p]iod--& :o %all say t ?is is n greatly to be desir$8 ,yet m naturally1 h[ev]1 comes association ) m5 9 ! public s]vice1 ) ! lead]s ( political p>ties & ( political movem5ts4 ,if ! editor's j\rnal *ances to be 9 accord ) "o ( ! great political p>ties ! editor f9ds himself 9 ! confid5ce ( ! p>ty lead]s & p>ticipat+ 9 _! c\ncils4 ,8 advice is s\ght z to p>ty plans & measures1 ! availability ( propos$ c&idates1 ! conduct ( campaigns & ! op]ation ( ! p>ty ma*9]y4 ,successful editor%ip involves a f9e k ( p>ty politics1 a con/ant /udy ( national issues & ( /atesman%ip & ( ! requirem5ts ( public s]vice1 z well z se>*+ inquiry into ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t & ! intricacies ( diplomacy4 ,! j\rnali/'s tra9+ especially fits him = political activity & v frequ5tly1 aft] a few ye>s ( edit+1 he jo9s 9 public s]vice or engages 9 pr(essional politics4 ,inde$1 v _m newspap] writ]s drift into bus9esses t promise bett] pecuni>y rew>ds4 ,!y />t 9 j\rnalism because x pays some?+ f ! fir/1 b c>eful calculation discloses little promise = weal? 9 ! future & !y seek ! gold5 doll> else:]e4 ,x is n to be urg$ t j\rnalism especially fits a man = comm]cial life1 nev]!less !re is a my/]i\s influ5ce 9 x t makes a man out ( a boy v quickly4 ,a few ye>s ( report+ 9 a big city makes him m5tally al]t1 if any?+ c1 & tea*es ! ways ( ! _w z no?+ else does4 ,he exp]i5ces a new phase ( life e day ( 8 life4 ,he is taught to se>* = facts1 to seek = causes & to =esee results4 ,he gets broadness ( vision1 expanse ( compreh5sion1 & rugg$ contact ) ! _w--contact ) ! m5 ^: ef=ts are important en\gh to comm& publicity4 ,! nature ( news report+ is n g5]ally und]/ood4 ,r\t9e report+ is comp>atively easy4 ,! report+ ( highly important ev5ts is extremely difficult4 ,9 political convulsions1 9 f9ancial panics1 9 comm]cial failures1 9 big crim9al cases1 9 social sc&als1 9 crook$ legislation1 9 mo/ ( ! topics t excite mank9d1 ! p mo/ involv$ /rive to conceal ! real facts4 ,h[ is ! report] to "k :e!r he is be+ li$ to or n8 ,ah6 b he mu/ "k4 ,x is 8 bus9ess to "k4 ,x is ! commone/ ( reportorial exp]i5ce to h ! in=mation giv5 by "o man positively contradict$ by ano!r4 ,all dec5t newspap]s insi/ on accurate news reports4 ,!y _c af=d to be untru?ful4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance to !m t ! n>rative ( a great piece ( news1 to be read by a million p]sons1 be writt5 ) absolute fidelity to fact4 ,x may be said 9 all tru? t ! exp]i5c$ report] />ts out = ! facts ( a big case ) ! expectation t half ( ! p involv$ w try to mislead & fool him4 ,he que/ions e /atem5t made to him & ! motive ( ! man :o makes x4 ,he v]ifies x ?r\gh "s o!r m$ium4 ,he becomes a detective4 ,he uses e trick ( ! call+ to extract unwill+ in=mation4 ,?is se>* = tru? is "o phase only ( ! _m t con/itute a report]'s exp]i5ce4 ,!y involve ! absorption ( a mass ( in=mation1 an intimate contact ) m5 ( affairs1 ! cultivation ( ability to ?9k quickly & speak easily1 & m+le pleasantly ) ! _w4 ,x has be5 urg$ ) "s reason t five or six ye>s ( ?is sort ( ?+ bett] fits a "y man = almo/ any k9d ( bus9ess ?an does sitt+ at a cl]k's desk le>n+ ! rudim5ts ( ! bus9ess4 ,b ! intellig5t or educat$ "y man ) a gra9 ( p]ception 9 8 makeup %\ld und]/& t ! joy ( liv+ is f\nd 9 cong5ial employm5t--9 "w t inspires & educates & delights4 ,!re w\ld n be mu* happ9ess 9 ?is _w if happ9ess dep5d$ on ri*es4 ,! good physician f9ds great] satisfaction 9 ! helpfulness ( 8 s]vice ?an 9 ! collection ( 8 fee4 ,! money value ( ,mr4 ,edison's discov]y is probably ! v la/ ?+ he ?9ks (4 ,! ,rev4 ,wa%+ton ,gladd51 :o gave 8 life to ! m9i/ry1 0 fir/ an appr5tice 9 ! ,owego ,gazette & he nev] !reaft] c\ld )/& ! fasc9ations ( newspap] writ+4 ,:ile conduct+ 8 p>i%es he contribut$ to v>i\s publications4 ,he conduct$ a magaz9e ( 8 own :ile 9 ,spr+field1 ,mass41 ( :i* he says3 8,i edit$ x 9 connection ) my p>i% "w1 do+ all ! editorial writ+1 t5 pages ( m9ion e mon?1 conduct+ all ! correspond5ce1 read+ all ! pro(1 & mak+ up ! pages 9 ! compos+ room4 ,t 0 really wor? :ile4 ,i nev] _h a bett] "t40 8,to g5]ate & diffuse a s\nd1 sweet1 g5]\s1 :olesome public op9ion is ! be/ & ! bigge/ bus9ess 9 :i* any human be+ c engage0 0 "o ( 8 maxims4 ,!re is no d5y+ ! fasc9ation ( p[] & ( influ5ce1 ! satisfaction ( p]suasion & ( direction4 ,! editor comes to love 8 "w because he feels t he is p>ticipat+ 9 lead]%ip4 ,he appreciates1 p]haps1 t he is ! cu/odian ( some?+ new & he glories 9 ! ?\ght t he may communicate ?is new ?+ to ! _w2 rejoices t he is influ5c+ o!rs to see z he sees1 to ?9k z he ?9ks1 to und]/& z he und]/&s4 ,he comes to und]/& ! delights & ! responsibilities ( p]suasion1 appreciat+1 z ,sir ,ar?ur ,quill]-,c\* tells ! ,cambridge /ud5ts1 t p]suasion is ! aim ( all ! arts1 ( all exposition ( ! sci5ces1 ( all useful ex*ange ( conv]se 9 our daily life2 z x is ! end s\ght by ! arti/ 9 8 picture1 ! ma!matician 9 8 problem1 ! cl]gyman 9 8 s]mon4 8,nor c ,i imag9e any e>?ly gift m covetable by y1 ,g5tlem510 says ?is lectur]1 8?an ( p]suad+ y\r fell[s to li/5 to y\r views & att5d to :at y h at he>t4 ,suppose t y wi% to become a j\rnali/4 ,well1 & :y n8 ,is x a small ?+ to desire ! p[] ( influ5c+ day by day to bett] citiz5%ip an unguess$ numb] ( m51 us+ ! be/ ?\ght & apply+ ! be/ language at y\r comm&80 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,newspap] ,,influ5ce--,,ways ,,( ,,p]suad+ ,,! ,,public--,,s]vice ,,to ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,! editor ( exp]i5ce appreciates t 9 attempt+ to influ5ce ! public he is address+ _m m5 ( _m m9ds4 ,an argum5t int5d$ to conv9ce a s*ol> or a well in=m$ man w\ld be lo/ on an ignorant man1 :ile an appeal writt5 d[n to ! und]/&+ ( ! ignorant man mu/ provoke mir? f ! wise4 ,nev]!less1 all p]sons frequ5tly are influ5c$ by m]e sugge/ion1 especially :5 !y h n /udi$ ! subject4 ,frequ5tly !y may rev]se a judgm5t on a m]e h9t 9 a newspap]4 ,n all m5 h "t1 9 ^! busy days1 to ?9k out ! problems ( ! h\r1 h n ! facilities at h& = rese>*1 hav5't be5 taught to ?9k4 ,intellig5t ?9k+ is a result ( education--! education t tea*es to ?9k4 ,m5tal improvem5t is ! result ( ?\ght4 ,progress comes f m5tal application4 ,:at we call 8exp]i5ce0 is ! result ( con/ant ?\ght 9 "o direction or t[>d a s+le purpose4 ,l9coln 0 f\rfold ! man 9 #ahfe t he 0 9 #ahfj4 ,any obs]v] c\ld see ,woodr[ ,wilson leap =w>d 9 m5tal /r5g? f ! in/ant ( 8 appe>ance 9 public life4 ,! editor lit]ally ?9ks = 8 read]s4 ,he acquires a habit ( ?\ght n cultivat$ or s\ght or possess$ by 8 read]s4 ,he is tra9$ to a m5tal analysis ( ! causes ( great ev5ts1 to an exp]t und]/&+ ( _! pres5t importance1 to a cle> insight into _! future influ5ce4 ,if he has /udi$1 he kn[s ! great influ5ces t = c5turies h gov]n$ human conduct4 ,9 ! big cities ! editor kn[s ! quality ( m9d he is address+ bett] ?an does ! writ] 9 small] communities4 ,9 ,new ,york1 = in/ance1 e %eet has a diff]5t sort ( cli5tele4 ,ev]ybody kn[s :i* newspap]1 by reason ( its s*ol>ly editorial articles1 its criticisms1 its reviews & non-s5sational news appeals to ! highe/ intellig5ce4 ,& e "o kn[s ! ones t appeal to ! non-?9k+ public4 ,b 9 small] t[ns ! newspap] goes to ! wise & ! unwise alike4 ,! task ( pleas+ ev]ybody requires /udy1 & "h editorial writ+ becomes an art1 inde$4 ,! s*ol> may sne] at ! article t pleases ! man ( toil & bo? may despise ! sugge/ion t conv9ces ! man ( m$ium intellig5ce4 ,! editor ( s*ol>ly in/9cts naturally wants to please ! highe/ intellig5ce among 8 read]s2 b ! read]s :o really ?9k 9 a s*ol>ly way are few4 ,! great proportion ( read]s c>e little = s-call$ polite lit]ature1 nei!r d !y c>e = pr(\nd in/ruction4 ,!y want ! simpl] sort ( editorial comm5t & are bett] pleas$ ) t :i* expla9s ?an ) t :i* argues4 ,!y want _! news adorn$ ) brea?-cat*+ headl9es 9 big type4 ,9 ! l>ge cities _m pr(essional & bus9ess m5 read sev]al daily newspap]s1 b _! numb] is small comp>$ ) ! millions :o read "o pap] only4 ,9 small] cities & 9 ! villages & on ! f>ms x is q ! exception :5 m ?an "o daily newspap] ent]s ! h\sehold4 ,9 v _m in/ances ?is "o %eet is all ! read+ matt] ! memb]s ( ! h\sehold h4 ,_! entire conception ( public affairs is _h f ?is publication4 ,x is q impossible to suppose t !y are n influ5c$ by x4 ,!y let ! editor ?9k = !m & !y accept 8 conclusions4 ,x has be5 argu$1 ) mu* reason1 t ! newspap] is indisp5sable to a republican or repres5tative =m ( gov]nm5t embrac+ va/ t]ritory1 l our own4 ,ev5 ! f\nd]s ( ?is nation did n anticipate t ! gov]nm5t c\ld ext5d its jurisdiction f> beyond ! ,allegh5ies1 mu* less to ! ,pacific coa/4 ,! plea = /ates rights 0 f\nd$ on ! belief t x mu/ be impossible to br+ s l>ge an area z ! orig9al ?irte5 /ates "u a s+le =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,)\t ! telegraph1 )\t railroads1 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican nation !re 0 no way ( keep+ ! mass ( ! p 9 close t\* ) ! gov]nm5t1 ( supply+ quick in=mation on curr5t ev5ts )\t :i* ! p are incapable ( =m+ correct op9ions4 ,to-day1 ! newspap]s1 ) _! simultane\s publication all ov] ! cont95t1 _! fa/ pr9t+ & quick deliv]y1 keep all ! p in/antly in=m$4 ,!y are able imm$iately to reflect public op9ion1 ?us mak+ !mselves indisp5sable to ! gov]nm5t4 ,va/ ?\gh our di/ances may be1 we h ! heal?ie/ k9d ( public _s & response4 ,! s5tim5t ( ! nation is at ! gov]nm5t's disposal 9 a jiffy4 ,?is 0 /rik+ly illu/rat$ aft] "o ( ,presid5t ,wilson's intimations to ,g]many t unconditional surr5d] mu/ be a condition ( armi/ice4 ,! same edition ( a ,new ,york newspap] t conta9$ ! ,presid5t's decl>ation also conta9$ comm5ts on t decl>ation made by m ?an two hundr$ diff]5t publications f ,ma9e to ,cali=nia1 & e "o ( !m insi/$ on 8unconditional surr5d]40 ,! ,presid5t knew in/antly t ! p 7 ) him4 ,= v _m ye>s x has be5 ! practice ( gov]nm5ts 7& yet m p]si/5tly ! practice ( political lead]s7 to put out 8feel]s0 ?r\gh ! press4 ,a new policy1 a que/ionable nom9ation1 a new plan ( taxation1 may be contemplat$4 ,! gov]nm5t seeks to 8feel ! pulse ( ! p0 on its desirability4 ,h9ts are giv5 to ! correspond5ts t ! policy or ! plan has be5 sugge/$ & is "u consid]ation & ! correspond5ts pass x along to _! newspap]s1 well =tifi$ ) ^? /ale old prefixes1 8x is said t0 or 8rumor has x t0 or 8a p]son high 9 au?ority :o does n wi% to be quot$ h9ts t0--& s on--giv+ an outl9e ( ! propos$ action4 ,?is is foll[$ by ano!r 8feel]0 pass+ out a little m in=mation saddl$ on "s o!r my/]i\s p]sons4 ,on any important "q ! public fla%es a quick response4 ,! proposal 9 ,wa%+ton1 = in/ance1 to d\ble ! tax on !at] tickets & admissions to places ( amusem5t drew a h[l ( disapproval t defeat$ ! plan4 ,! p didn't want _! pleasures tax$ additionally4 ,! gov]nm5t or ! political p>ty t delib]ately defies public s5tim5t z express$ 9 ! newspap]s is put out ( bus9ess usually at ! foll[+ election4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,_w ,w> ! newspap]s 7 ( ! utmo/ usefulness to ! gov]nm5t4 ,!y /ood betwe5 ! gov]nm5t & ! p4 ,!y made & reflect$ public s5tim5t z nev] be=e4 ,gov]nm5t ann\ncem5ts 7 read 9 e city 9 ! nation & 9 mo/ ( ! villages )9 six h\rs ( _! release4 ,! gov]nm5t spoke to ! p 9 almo/ in/antane\s spee*4 ,! newspap]s urg$ & su/a9$ & /imulat$ ! bond sales1 ! ?rift /amp drives1 ! activities ( ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 & l organizations1 ! m]ciful m9i/rations ( ! ,r$ ,cross1 ! va/ collection ( money = ! relief ( /rick5 peoples1 ! food campaigns1 ! cons]vation ( heat & light & a ho/ ( o!r mat]ial ?+s4 ,x w\ld require pages ( pr9t to tell ! half ( x4 ,x w\ld require h\rs ( con/ant ?\ght to appreciate x4 ,recall1 if y w1 :at y\r own favorite pap] did1 & !n be assur$ t ?\s&s ( o!r daily %eets did ! same ?+6 ,newspap] influ5ce _h p]haps its f9e/ recognition 9 ! v>i\s propag&a ( ! w>4 ,all gov]nm5ts us$ ! press lavi%ly ) int5t to guide1 to conceal1 to accompli%4 ,!y 8felt ! pulse ( ! p0 con/antly & subtly4 ,propos$ policies 7 te/$ out4 ,(t5 !y 7 sugge/$ to direct att5tion f ! real policy or to take ! /+ f x4 ,! ,fr5* press "u ! imm$iate inspiration & control ( ! gov]nm5t held ! p 9 compact unity4 ,x /imulat$ ! morale & int5sifi$ ! purpose ( ! soldi]s1 = x 0 possible to /rew ! tr5*es ) newspap]s )9 two h\rs aft] !y 7 pr9t$4 ,?is 0 ( ine/imable patriotic s]vice4 ,n any o!r gov]nm5t us$ ! newspap]s ) su* skill or ) great] b5eficial results4 ,newspap] influ5ce 0 s\ght 9 ! process ( ! c5sor%ip4 ,! object ( c5sor%ip 0 n alone to prev5t in=mation f rea*+ ! enemy b also to influ5ce public op9ion4 ,all w>r+ nations seek ! good op9ion ( ! neutrals--seek to h neutral nations conv9c$ ( ! ultimate success ( _! armies--h5ce ! impulse to suppress ! news ( defeat & to exalt victory4 ,e>ly 9 ! w> ?is 0 ! pron\nc$ attitude ( ,g]many & ,great ,brita9 t[>d ,am]ica1 mu* to ! annoyance ( ! ,am]ican newspap]s4 ,g]many's ef=ts to influ5ce ! ,am]ican public ?r\gh our newspap]s 7 s con/ant1 s vocif]\s1 s transp>5t1 t ev]ybody recogniz$ ! purpose4 ,yet %e cont9u$ to sp5d great sums ( money on propag&a to ! v end ( ! w>4 ,g]many work$ ! press ( e c\ntry4 ,x 0 a "p ( h] w> plan j z mu* z 0 ! mak+ ( bullets or asphyxiat+ gas4 ,x 0 ?\ght out & arrang$ = & practic$ be=e ! w> broke4 ,x 0 dep5d$ on to create sympa?y & to e/abli% ju/ification2 & x 0 exce$+ly efficaci\s 9 ! e>ly p]iods & influ5c$ greatly to po/pone our entrance into ! conflict4 ,despite ! c5sor%ip ! w> 0 v well report$ by ,am]ican newspap]s4 ,our j\rnals 7 read ) an int]e/ approa*+ to anxiety1 & ! public came to believe t ! news 0 tru?fully pres5t$4 ,news read+ 0 rais$ to a high plane ( importance4 ,! w> gave ! public great] confid5ce 9 ! newspap]s4 ,9 old5 times1 despotic times1 9 ,greece & ,italy let u say1 be=e newspap]s exi/$1 ! p ga!r$ 9 public places to li/5 to gov]nm5t proclamations & :atev] news ! rul]s 7 pleas$ to give out4 ,! in=mation 0 proclaim$ by h]alds or 0 plac>d$ on m>ket walls4 ,! usual policy 0 to keep ! p 9 ignorance ( :at 0 go+ on4 ,no public op9ion exi/$1 = ! public _h no in=mation on :i* to =m conclusions4 ,_m gov]nm5ts prev5t$ ga!r+s ( ! p kn[+ ! p[] ( ! p to create s5tim5t & rebellion4 ,n = weeks or mon?s did remote regions get important news t ! gov]nm5t wi%$ to conceal4 ,no means ( quick communication exi/$4 ,! concealm5t ( news & ! suppression ( public s5tim5t help$ to /r5g!n despotic gov]nm5t4 ,! rul]s might circulate false news z well z ! tru?1 & frequ5tly did s4 ,our pres5t-day c5sor%ip is an h]$it>y relic ( ?is anci5t-day concealm5t4 ,! newspap]'s greate/ influ5ce is n 9 p]suad+ p]sons :o h le>n$ to ?9k = !mselves4 ,x is ex]cis$ on t great mass ( our population t has no o!r s\rce ( in=mation ?an ! newspap]s4 ,9 ?\s&s ( families n m ?an two or ?ree books are pur*as$ 9 an entire ye>1 & ^! are likely to be books ( fiction4 ,yet few families are )\t a daily newspap]4 ,usually "o pap] only is tak51 & h[ c\ld x happ5 o!rwise ?an t ! h\sehold %\ld come to ! editor's way ( ?9k+ :5 no o!r ?\ght ?an 8 comes to _! att5tion8 ,?is condition applies to p 9 mod]ate circum/ances1 employees1 help]s1 ^? :o live by physical toil or :o d ! simple/ k9d ( cl]ical "w4 ,^! p are easily influ5c$ because !y h n be5 tra9$ to ?9k or analyze = !mselves4 ,!y dep5d on ! newspap] = in=mation1 explanation1 sugge/ion4 ,!y h little incl9ation or "t to /udy ) dilig5ce ! great que/ions ( ! day & h few or no facilities = do+ s 9 any ev5t4 ,!y are n int]e/$ 9 pr(\nd argum5t b !y accept conclusions readily4 ,if ! editor be wise he w seek to "k :at proportion ( 8 read]s are ( ?is type4 ,! av]age newspap] read] does n ?9k ov]mu* ( :at he is read+ b he is highly receptive4 ,8 conclusion is likely to be affirmative4 ,x is 8 nature to believe r ?an to di/ru/4 ,he is easily l$ by artful gr\p+s ( fact1 r m easily l$ ?us ?an by argum5t requir+ mu* ?\ght4 ,!re is n "t 9 ^! /r5u\s days = ! old-fa%ion$ k9d ( ?9k+4 ,quick conclusions are ! vogue & !y are n ! result ( pr(\nd ?\ght4 ,r are !y ! result ( ha/y ?\ght4 ,?is is atte/$ by ! ru% f "o p>ty to ano!r by ! s-call$ indep5d5t vot]1 or ! sudd5 de?ronem5t ( a public idol1 or ! re/oration ( a disc>d$ h]o to public popul>ity4 ,^! quick *anges 9 public s5tim5t h enliv5$ ! hi/ory ( all times4 ,! poet ,byron1 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 lit]>y c>e]1 0 prais$ by m5 & pett$ by wom5 until ! entire ,briti% nation 0 *ant+ adorations4 ,!n1 ) ! sudd5ness ( a :irlw9d1 x turn$ aga9/ him & ) furi\s p]secution drove him into exile4 ,! ,am]ican h]o ( ,manila ,bay 0 escort$ up ,broadway by %\t+ ?\s&s ( admir]s4 ,)9 a ye> he 0 no long] a h]o4 ,we resi/$ woman suffrage = scores ( ye>s & sudd5ly accept$ x4 ,?is nation drank rum f its e>lie/ beg9n+s & !n ) comp>ative sudd5ness *ang$ ! practice ( c5turies by decl>+ = prohibition4 ,! newspap]'s unconsci\s influ5ce ov] ! casual read] mu/ be recogniz$4 ,x is an in/ructive influ5ce1 usually1 ( wide scope1 cov]+ a multitude ( topics t d n come to ! read]'s att5tion 9 any o!r way ?an ?r\gh ! newspap]s4 ,in=mation does n get into ! magaz9es or books until weeks or mon?s aft] ! ev5t b ! newspap]s pr9t x on ! in/ant4 ,! casual newspap] read]1 = in/ance1 reads t ! new ,ro5tg5 ray has be5 discov]$1 by means ( :i* ! int]ior ( an ord9>ily opaque sub/ance may be disclos$ 9 photograph4 ,he reads en\gh to e/abli% t fact1 b z soon z ! description beg9s to become te*nical ! casual read] ab&ons ! article4 ,nev]!less he has absorb$ ! fact & a crude notion ( ! discov]y & has add$ j s mu* to 8 fund ( in=mation4 ,he may /udy x out if he *ooses4 ,aga91 !re is no o!r quick s\rce ( in=mation on new developm5ts 9 politics1 9 f9ance1 9 ! fluctuations ( ! comm]cial m>ket prices4 ,almo/ all ( u feel t we mu/ "k ab\t ! arti/s1 ! s+]s1 ! actors1 & we love to talk ab\t !m1 yet :at we say we almo/ surely h read 9 "s newspap]4 ,y get an intellig5t idea at y\r breakfa/ table ( ! new op]a t did n end until midnight1 ( ! new play produc$ on ! night prec$+1 ( ! spee*es & ! _s ( ! banquet t did n end until aft] y 7 9 sleep1 ( ! conflagration t de/roy$ "s well-kn[n build+ dur+ ! night1 ( ! railroad accid5t t de/roy$ scores ( lives4 ,& ^! are ! ?+s t y talk ab\t dur+ ! day4 ,!y unconsci\sly influ5ce y\r ?\ghts & y\r actions ev5 :5 read casually4 ,! busy man is r easily l$ along or into ! editor's way ( ?9k+ especially :5 ! topic is new to him4 ,he is n a tra9$ or analytical ?9k] at be/1 hasn't "t to reflect mu* on ! subject1 _c inv5t a new l9e ( ?\ght 9 opposition to ! editor's because ( unfamili>ity ) ! subject1 has no quick way ( gett+ additional in=mation4 ,maybe he in/9ctively balks at ! editorial conclusion1 b probably ! editor is "r1 he reasons1 & he passes to some?+ m int]e/+4 ,! next article may be a cont9uation ( comm5t on a subject writt5 ab\t two days be=e4 ,x becomes a bit m famili>4 ,he half recognizes ! argum5t4 ,he half accepts x n[ z 8 own1 has 8?\ght ( t be=e10 s he approves4 ,reit]ation has influ5c$ him2 a ?ird pres5tation cl9*es him4 ,reit]ation is a mo/ subtle means ( influ5c+ public op9ion4 ,! man :o reads ! same ?\ght a few times 9 diff]5t diction comes to accept x z 8 own ?\ght4 ,x is an unconsci\s influ5ce4 ,x is little consolation to ! editor t 8 articles are ha/ily read2 s mu* ! m reason1 on ! contr>y1 = mak+ !m /rik+ & = mak+ _! mean+ ! m easily und]/ood4 ,p l to see _! own beliefs reflect$ 9 _! newspap]2 reg>d ! editorial utt]ance z a confirmation ( x2 welcome a new argum5t 9 its favor2 l to read x to a neighbor2 come to look on ! %eet z a p]sonal *ampion4 ,all newspap]s h great influ5ce "o way or ano!r4 ,!y rea* ! p to an ext5t n rea*$ by any o!r influ5ce1 = ev]ybody ( any acc\nt reads !m4 ,consid] = a mom5t4 ,r>ely does a cl]gyman f9d himself address+ a congregation ( m ?an five hundr$ p]sons2 r>ely1 inde$1 does ! public lectur] speak to a ?\s& p]sons2 & seldom1 9 ! heat ( a campaign1 does ! political orator f9d five ?\s& p]sons )9 ! rea* ( 8 voice4 ,yet a little editorial p>agraph1 plac$ conspicu\sly on ! editorial page ( ! ,new ,york ,times1 w be read by m ?an six hundr$ ?\s& p]sons4 ,a million & a half newspap]s are pr9t$ 9 ,new ,york city e morn+1 & ne>ly two millions e aft]noon1 n c\nt+ ^? pr9t$ 9 o!r languages ?an ! ,engli% language ( :i* !re are ne>ly a million m4 ,ab\t ! same proportion ( newspap]s to population prevails ?r\gh\t ! *ief cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,i nev] read ! editorials0 we all h he>d _m a newspap] read] say4 8,i simply scan ! editorials10 we he> o!rs rem>k4 ,almo/ all editorial articles are ha/ily read1 & s is ! entire %eet = t matt]4 ,y h only to wat* ! process to be conv9c$4 ,! busy man op5s 8 newspap] to ! editorial page z he w\ld op5 a book1 holds x op5 & high1 "o page grasp$ by ! left h& & ! o!r by ! "r4 ,he scans ! lead+ article1 reads ! fir/ two or ?ree s5t5ces & if att5tion is n in/antly attract$ fla%es 8 eye d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! next p>agraph1 & s on4 ,! great] ! numb] ( p>agraphs 9 ! article ! m quick att5tion x gets4 ,! s5sational %eet editors "k ?is & !y make _m p>agraphs 9 e article4 ,! pr(\nd heavy articles ) ?ree or f\r p>agraphs only to ! column get scant att5tion except f read]s especially int]e/$ 9 ! topic4 ,!y are look$ at = an in/ant only4 ,9 t in/ant ! read] decides :e!r he is int]e/$ 9 ! topic4 ,usually he is n4 ,8 eye skims along to ! next article ) same result4 ,!n he may enc\nt] some?+ t he wants to "k m ab\t4 ,b x is half a column long4 8,i'll read x :5 ,i get "t10 he says to himself1 z 8 eye jumps ov] to ! opposite page--a news page--& he beg9s to absorb ! headl9es4 ,^! he treats 9 ! same ha/y mann] & 9 ab\t ?ree m9utes he has f9i%$ ! two pages & has turn$ ov] to ! next two4 ,he reads all 9 ! same way4 ,he may pause ov] a p>ticul> article b usually ! read+ is ( %ort duration4 ,he has absorb$ p]haps ! _s ( ! head+s & maybe ! few l9es ( introduction to ! articles t h _h 8 att5tion4 ,he is ready ) an op9ion1 b t op9ion is ! op9ion ( ! man :o wrote ! caption or ! introduction4 ,! ha/y read] has giv5 ! subject n ! slighte/ orig9al ?\ght4 ,nev]!less he is influ5c$ by x4 ,x is recogniz$ t almo/ ev]y?+ we read has its direct or its unconsci\s influ5ce4 ,v _m busy m5 conf9e _! morn+ newspap] read+ to ! breakfa/ table1 o!rs 8get ?r\gh0 _! newspap] :ile on _! way to bus9ess4 ,v little newspap] read+ has _! att5tion aft] rea*+ ! (fice4 ,ev5+ newspap]s are read m ?or\ghly4 ,!re is m "t aft] d9n]4 ,! com=table *air1 ! %ad$ lamp1 ! family ne> to jo9 9 ! comm5t--all help to make ! read+ m enjoyable4 ,b ev5 !n ! av]age read] does n read ) int5t att5tion4 ,x is inconte/ably true t ! great mass ( ! p :o read ! newspap]s 9 ?is ha/y glanc+ fa%ion d n ?9k deeply4 ,?is m5tal attitude has _h ! att5tion ( obs]v]s = _m ye>s4 ,haw?orne speaks ( 8! wild babble ( ! t[n--indicat+ a l[ tone ( feel+ & %all[ ?\ght40 ,macaulay said ( ,tillotson3 8,8 reason+ 0 j suffici5tly pr(\nd & suffici5tly ref9$ to be foll[$ by a popul> audi5ce ) t slight degree ( intellectual ex]tion :i* is a pleasure40 ,lafcadio ,he>n speaks ( ! masses z p ( uncultur$ ta/e to :om ! high] zones ( emotion are out ( rea*4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson rem>k$3 8,! greate/ "p ( mank9d h no o!r reason = _! op9ions ?an t !y are 9 fa%ion40 ,& "o ( ! conspicu\s ,briti% essayi/s comm5t$3 8,x s]ves to %[ 9 :at a slov5ly way mo/ p are cont5t to ?9k40 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*] ev] 0 impress$ ) ! influ5ce ( newspap]s4 ,he said3 ,d y ev] /op to ?9k t millions h no lit]ature1 no s*ool & almo/ no pulpit b ! press8 ,n "o man 9 t5 reads books1 b e "o ( u1 except ! v helpless poor1 satiates himself e day ) ! newspap]4 ,x is ! p>5t1 s*ool1 college1 !atre1 pulpit1 example1 c\nsellor1 all 9 "o4 ,e drop 9 our blood is color$ by x4 ,"s "o has said ( newspap] influ5ce3 8,let me write ! headl9es & y may write ! re/10 :i* 0 ano!r way ( say+3 8,let me h&le ! news & y may write ! editorial articles1 ! criticisms & ! o!r ?+s1 & ,i w h ! great] influ5ce40 ,x always has be5 a debatable "q4 ,nor?cliffe1 ! conspicu\s figure 9 j\rnalism dur+ ! great w>1 has said3 ,x is true t an intellig5tly conduct$ newspap] c in=m & guide public op9ion b ?is is done m ?r\gh publi%+ ! news ?an by ! dictum ( ! editorial4 8,ye %all "k ! tru? & ! tru? %all make y free0 mu/ be ! und]ly+ pr9ciple ( j\rnalism 9 a democracy4 ,9 an appeal to editors to help spread ! w> _s1 a writ] 9 ! ,columbia ,univ]sity ,w> ,pap]s wrote3 ,editorials1 repeat$ editorials1 are bo? desirable & necess>y4 ,b to "o read] :o is influ5c$ by a giv5 editorial _m hundr$s are influ5c$ day by day by ! headl9es ( ! pap] & by ! word+ & =m ( pres5tation ( ! news4 ,x is !re=e to a consid]$ & cont9u\s policy ( news pres5tation t we mu/ look prim>ily = help4 ,( newspap] influ5ce ,ar?ur ,brisbane has said3 ,!re nev] 0 a corrupt (ficial :o c\ld he> )\t dread ! gr[l+ ( a hundr$ ?\s& human voices outside 8 door4 ,!re does n live a corrupt (ficial1 h[ev] h>d5$1 :o he>s )\t al>m ! op9ions ( a million m5 voic$ ?r\gh a newspap] :i* !y tru/4 ,?ack]ay's fam\s p>agraph ) ref]5ce to newspap] activities is (t5 quot$ z illu/rat+ ! p[] ( ! press ?r\gh h] writ]s4 ,p5d5nis & ,w>r+ton are pass+ a brilliantly light$ newspap] build+4 ,report]s 7 com+ out or 7 da%+ up 9 cabs1 & ,w>r+ton says3 ,look at t1 ,p54 ,!re %e is--! great eng9e1 %e nev] sleeps4 ,%e has ambassadors 9 e qu>t] ( ! _w--h] c\ri]s ^u e road4 ,h] (fic]s m>* along ) armies & h] envoys walk into /atesm5's cab9ets4 ,!y are ubiquit\s4 ,yond] j\rnal has an ag5t at ?is m9ute giv+ bribes 9 ,madrid2 & ano!r inspect+ ! price ( potatoes at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,look1 "h comes ! =eign express gallop+ 94 ,!y w be able to give news to ,d[n+ /reet tomorr[2 funds w rise or fall1 =tunes be made or lo/2 ,"l ,b w get up1 & hold+ ! pap] 9 8 h& & see+ ! noble ,m>quis 9 8 place1 w make a great spee*2 & ,mr4 ,doolan w be call$ away f 8 supp] at ! back kit*52 = he is sub-editor & sees ! mail on ! newspap] %eet be=e he goes to 8 own4 ,x may be said ( pres5t-day news column influ5ce t nev] h ! news columns be5 s free f p]sonal feel+1 s fair to foe4 ,! public has nev] _h great] confid5ce 9 !m4 ,almo/ all editors are hone/ 9 desire to pr9t bo? sides ( an important controv]sy4 ,!y h come to "k x is be/ policy4 ,! spee*es ( rival p>tisans1 _! communications1 _! activities1 h well-nigh z conspicu\s places 9 ! %eet z d ! utt]ances ( _! own *ampions4 ,?is helps to aid unbias$ conclusion4 ,public que/ions nev] h _h su* elaborate publicity z 9 rec5t ye>s1 nev] h be5 s intellig5tly und]/ood2 & public s5tim5t has n hi!rto be5 s active or s influ5tial4 ,inde$1 ! _s ( indep5d5t fairness has become s acute t n infrequ5tly ! small m9ority gets a prom95ce t x does n des]ve1 ) result+ dang] t its activities may be mi/ak5 = g5u9e public s5tim5t4 ,?is _s ( fairness does n exi/ ( c\rse 9 all publications1 b almo/ all newspap]s are hone/ 9 _! news columns4 ,! %eets t delib]ately falsify become few] e ye>4 ,! influ5ce ( ! news columns has increas$ va/ly4 ,= individual p[] & influ5ce ,"l ,nor?cliffe /ood supreme among editors4 ,8 p]sonal triumphs dur+ ! w> 7 decisive & f> rea*+4 ,he de/roy$ "o ,briti% cab9et & built ano!r4 ,he =c$ ! reorganization ( dep>tm5ts4 ,he compell$ *anges ( milit>y policy & action & he flabb]ga/$ pretty ne>ly ev]ybody :o oppos$4 ,"o ( 8 di/+ui%$ oppon5ts lam5t$ t ,nor?cliffe 0 ! mo/ p[]ful man 9 ,engl&'s affairs s9ce ,cromwell4 ,8 editorial voice rea*$ all k9ds ( p ?r\gh ! score or m ( daily1 weekly1 & mon?ly publications own$ or controll$ by him all ov] ! ,briti% empire4 ,he own$ ! ,times t = m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s _h ende>$ itself to ! ,briti% well-to-d & upp] classes = its tru/wor?y news reports1 its sup]ior editorial comm5t & its fe>less political criticism4 ,he own$ ! ,ev5+ ,mail t scatt]$ a million copies daily among ! common p4 ,he talk$ e day to millions ( p1 :o1 :ile n ?9k+ pr(\ndly 7 will+ to be l$ by intellectual excell5ce4 ,nor?cliffe's me?ods 7 ( entranc+ int]e/ to ^? :o obs]ve & /udy newspap] influ5ce4 ,he admits t 9 ! beg9n+ he 0 fasc9at$ by ! ,am]ican s5sational press1 by its ways ( do+ ?+s1 by ! enorm\s circulations ( "s ( our editions4 ,no?+ ( ! sort exi/$ 9 ,engl& tw5ty ye>s ago & ,nor?cliffe 0 ! fir/ to introduce ,am]ican me?ods !re4 ,he visit$ u m ?an once to /udy our lurid j\rnalism4 ,he took sev]al ,am]ican newspap] m5 to help him 9 ,london4 ,he 0 impress$ ) ,mr4 ,pulitz]'s ?\ght t our newspap]s 7 too high ton$1 7 writt5 ov] ! heads ( ! masses2 t ! masses 7 ignorant ( :at 0 go+ on because !y c\ld n und]/& ! newspap]s1 & t a %eet writt5 9 simple language & sold = a c5t mu/ be popul>4 ,he w\ld br+ 8 %eet d[n to ! compreh5sion ( any man :o c\ld read4 ,nor?cliffe add$ acute s5sationalism to ?is g5]al plan1 & 8 daily newspap]s 9 ,london1 ,man*e/]1 ,le$s1 ,glasg[1 & else:]e jump$ to big circulations4 ,he did n mu* di/urb ! cons]vative news policy ( ! ,times1 b its editorial page became livid4 ,( him x 0 said3 ,s5sationalism is 8 gospel4 ,e day mu/ h its ?rill2 e p>agraph mu/ be an electric %ock4 ,politics are no?+2 p>ties are no?+2 pr9ciples are no?+2 all t matt]s is t ! great public %all be kept humm+ ) excitem5t4 ,he believes t p[] & political influ5ce are 9 ! h&s ( ! multitude & t ! newspap] hav+ ! e> ( ! multitude w control ! tides ( national ?\ght4 ,nor?cliffe's unprec$5t$ attacks on ! ,asqui? gov]nm5t made ! _w gasp4 ,fri5ds ( ! cab9et & "s newspap]s urg$ ! susp5sion ( 8 publications & 8 arre/ = treason4 ,8 attacks cont9u$4 ,! gov]nm5t did n notice !m4 ,8 unlic5s$ fre$om ( op9ion 0 p]mitt$4 ,! idiocy ( ! ,gallipoli campaign 0 expos$4 ,! puni%m5t ( its au?ors 0 dem&$4 ,! ineffici5cy ( ! munitions dep>tm5t 0 made a public sc&al & reorganization 0 compell$4 ,nor?cliffe insi/$ on a small w> cab9et & on _m o!r *anges4 ,asqui?'s indecision & exasp]at+ delib]ation1 at ! mom5t :5 quick ?\ght & quick de$s 7 vital1 fill$ ,nor?cliffe ) rage4 ,! ,asqui? m9i/ry fell & ,nor?cliffe nam$ ! succession4 ,! _w has r>ely se5 su* an exhibition ( newspap] p[]4 ,! editor's enemies endeavor$ to m9imize ! incid5t4 ,!y cont5d$ t ,asqui?'s fall 0 inevitable aft] ! failure ( ! ,briti% advance on ! ,somme & ! disa/] 9 ,r\mania2 t x 0 ano!r in/ance ( ,nor?cliffe's newspap] sm>tness 9 anticipat+ a com+ ev5t1 urg+ its enactm5t & !n tak+ cr$it = compell+ x4 ,?is1 ,i am sorry to say1 is a v5]able editorial device = mak+ newspap] reputation--le>n :at is contemplat$ by ! gov]nm5t or "s "o else & !n />t 9 ! newspap] a rag+ dem& = x & :5 ! end is accompli%$ take all ! cr$it = x4 ,nor?cliffe 0 an adept at ?is sort ( ?+4 ,inde$ 8 enemies accus$ him ( giv+ ! impression ( =c+ ! gov]nm5t aga9/ its w4 ,be t z x may1 he 0 easily ! comm&+ figure 9 ! j\rnalism ( ! _w dur+ ! w>4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,a ,,specialty--,,great ,,advantage ,,foll[s ,,! ,,ma/]y ,,( ,,two ,,or ,,?ree ,,subjects ,n[1 if our ambiti\s "y newspap] man int5ds to be ! editor ( a %eet 9 a small city or a village1 he %\ld /udy e "p ( ! bus9ess 9 detail4 ,b1 if he means to rema9 on a big city /aff x w be to 8 advantage1 aft] he has done g5]al "w = two or ?ree ye>s1 to decide :at p>ticul> bran* ( ! "w he pref]s to foll[ & !n b5d ef=t t[>d t end4 ,if he fancies ! writ+ ( editorial articles1 let him /udy ! art ( editorial writ+4 ,if he aspires to executive "w1 su* z is done by manag+ & city editors1 let him prep>e accord+ly4 ,b1 if he desires to cont9ue on ! g5]al writ+ /aff he w f9d x v mu* to 8 advantage--9 connection ) 8 g5]al "w--to /udy a specialty or two4 ,9 ! newspap] (fice ! man :o kn[s mo/ ab\t a giv5 topic is ! man summon$ to write on t topic4 ,! exp]t on national politics is s5t to ! national political conv5tions & ! man :o kn[s mo/ ab\t f9ance mu/ write ! big /ories ( f9ancial mom5t--j z 9 football ! be/ kick] is call$ on to kick ! goal4 ,n[1 ( newspap] specialties !re is no end4 ,let y\rs be "o 9 :i* y w be int]e/$1 to ma/] :i* w be a delight4 ,"o "y man ( my acqua9tance became fasc9at$ ) a/ronomy & he /udi$ x betwe5 times :ile work+ at 8 newspap] desk1 ma/]$ x1 became an au?ority on ! subject1 & 0 soon 9 dem& z a writ] ( a/ronomical articles & a/ronomical books4 ,ano!r "y man became int]e/$ 9 geography & exploration until he obta9$ intimate k ( ! l& & ! seas t decorate ?is fasc9at+ old e>?4 ,8 articles 7 soon 9 dem& at altitud9\s rates4 ,he hobnobs ) explor]s1 directs 9 geographical societies1 sup]9t5ds 9 ! mak+ ( maps1 deliv]s lectures & writes con/antly--& /ill ! wond] gr[s t he c get s mu* out ( x4 ,m5 :o c write ) au?ority on ! subject ( music are especially welcome 9 newspap] (fices1 & a writ] :o kn[s eng9e]+ & con/ruction has a spl5did specialty 9 ^! days ( ma*9]y1 enorm\s build+s & m>vel\s public works4 ,b1 conspicu\sly above all o!r newspap] specialties let me put politics1 & next to politics 9 my op9ion comes f9ance4 ,9 a :imsical s5se !y may be said to g toge!r1 = d we n see occasionally t politics has to be f9anc$ & t f9ance is at ! m]cy ( politics4 ,ea* 9 itself is highly important & toge!r !y rule ! _w4 ,( politics !re is no end--nev] has be5--nev] w be4 ,ye> 9 & ye> out its discussion fills m ?an "o-half ( ! editorial page4 ,= c5turies x has comm&$ ! supreme m5tal att5tion ( /atesm5 & writ]s4 ,x always furni%es ! great public issue1 & "h 9 ,am]ica we all take "p 9 x ?r\gh our "r to vote & ?r\gh our k ( ! p>ties & ! issues & ! m5 :o repres5t !m z set =? 9 ! newspap]s :i* we all read4 ,we might easily c>ry ?is sugge/ion to indef9ite l5g?s1 prov+ by argum5t & by facts t a supreme k ( ?is subject mu/ be ( great] usefulness to ! newspap] writ] ?an any o!r specialty2 & x may be add$1 9 all tru?1 t no man c become a really great editor )\t an intimate k ( politics4 ,only a little less important to newspap] m5 z a special /udy is ! subject ( f9ance4 ,t melange ( my/]y call$ ,wall ,/reet we h always ) u4 ,its do+s are deep & my/]i\s to ! un9/ruct$1 b pla9 z a pancake to him :o has /udi$ !m4 ,! f9ances ( ! nation always h _h public att5tion4 ,john ,fiske1 9 8 admirable "w call$ 8,! ,critical ,p]iod ( ! ,am]ican ,republic10 has %[n h[ = eight or t5 ye>s aft] ! ,revolution>y ,w> ! "y nation 0 on ! v]ge ( de/ruction ?r\gh inability to f9ance its pov]ty4 ,s9ce !n we h _h a doz5 f9ancial convulsions call$ panics1 ea* "o foll[$ by bus9ess depression & endless newspap] discussions ( causes & possible effects4 ,alway !y mu/ cont9ue4 ,?is p>ticul> /udy includes an enorm\s range ( topics1 includ+ ! bank+ bus9ess & bank+ sy/ems public & private at home & abroad1 int]national monet>y sy/ems1 =eign ex*ange1 gold exports & imports1 t>iff imposition1 curr5cy sy/ems1 comm]cial cr$its1 problems ( transportation1 ! f9anc+ ( great und]tak+s ?r\gh ! issue ( /ocks & bonds1 ! buy+ & sell+ ( our enorm\s agricultural product z well z ! product ( our factories--& _m o!r k9dr$ topics :i* contribute to ! live news ( ! day & af=d important subjects = editorial comm5t4 ,! pr9ciples ( f9ance are giv5 9 v>i\s textbooks1 b _! practical application c be made only ?r\gh k ( causes :i* *ange f day to day & :i* are record$ 9 curr5t publications4 ,! same may be said ( ! politics ( ! day4 ,almo/ all "y m5 l to write ab\t sport+ conte/s because !y are int]e/$ & because !y enjoy see+ ! game4 ,! public dem& = sup]ior sport+ news has compell$ ! pr9t+ ( f "o to ?ree pages ( x daily1 & ! good sport+ writ] is usually 9 dem&4 ,x is n difficult to cat* ! knack ( writ+ = ! sport+ page1 b ?or\gh te*nical k is requir$4 ,int]e/ 9 sport+ conte/s seems to be increas+ ( late ye>s4 ,!y mu/ = a long "t to come consume mu* newspap] space4 ,also1 "y writ]s usually are ambiti\s to p5 !atrical criticism4 ,!y are int]e/$ 9 ! !at]s & l to att5d !m4 ,b ?is "w is giv5 to m5 ( exp]i5ce1 z a rule4 ,! field is limit$1 ! numb] ( dramatic critics requir$ is v few1 & = v>i\s reasons ! po/ :5 atta9$ is ( prec>i\s p]man5cy4 ,! writ+ ( book reviews is commonly an e>ly ambition ( ! college graduate especially4 ,x fasc9ates ) its promise ( lit]>y rese>* "u ! s(t gl[ ( ! /ud5t lamp1 ! welcome w>m? ( ! cu%ion /udy *air1 & ! sil5t inspiration ( dusky volumes on ! libr>y %elves4 ,& delightfully clean & int]e/+ "w x is1 to be sure1 well wor?y any /ud5t's que/4 ,_m newspap]s pr9t a lit]>y supplem5t once a week & x busies _m p5s4 ,usually x is "u ! direction ( an editor ^: exclusive task is to provide ! matt] = its columns4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! new books s5t = review are giv5 out to memb]s ( ! editorial or writ+ /aff ^: att5tion to !m is 9 ! nature ( extra "w2 b "s are s5t to p]sons outside ! (fice4 ,! labors ( ! lit]>y editor ( a big city j\rnal are con/ant & exact+ = ne>ly e book publi%$ is s5t to him & !y are numb]$ 9 ?\s&s4 ,he has to provide = special articles on lit]>y topics1 also1 = answ]s to correspond5ts1 & he has to prep>e = pr9t+ prop] ann\ncem5ts ( =?com+ publications :i* he sifts f a mass ( matt] furni%$ by publi%]s4 ,v _m books are s5t to ! daily newspap]s 9 ! small] cities1 att5tion to :i* is usually divid$ among v>i\s memb]s ( ! /aff4 ,! g5]al writ] on a /aff seldom acquires m ?an a g5]al k ( ! topic he is writ+ (2 ! speciali/ has exp]t k1 & (t5 x is s\ght to 8 v great advantage by bus9ess or o!r outside int]e/s4 ,9 ^! hu/l+ times ! exp]t 9 almo/ any l9e ( /udy f9ds himself 9 dem&4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,activities ,,& ,,patriotic ,,s]vice ,,( ,,newspap]s ,,9 ,,times ,,( ,,w> ,! w> correspond5t is p]haps ! mo/ picturesque figure 9 j\rnalism4 ,he endures ! dang]s & ! h>d%ips ( w> z does ! soldi]1 possibly m s1 = no "o looks out = him 9 ! field or especially c>es h[ he f>es4 ,he has "s glori\s mom5ts2 b = ! mo/ "p 8 "t is consum$ 9 he>t-break+ ef=t to ov]come ob/acles4 ,8 reputation dep5ds on 8 success 9 deal+ ) ^! difficulties4 ,! report+ ( o!r w>s 0 easy comp>$ ) ! late ,_w ,w>4 ,9 ! ,s\? ,african campaign1 = example1 ! ,london newspap]s 7 p]mitt$ to s5d z _m correspond5ts z !y *ose & !y w5t :5 & :]e !y pleas$4 ,! ,london ,daily ,mail _h ?irty-six m5 !re ) a /aff editor 9 comm&--! o!r ,london newspap]s ab\t ! same numb] ea*4 ,& all 7 compet+ 9 hu/le & grab to get news & fla% x to ! home (fice4 ,) little c5sor%ip & no re/riction ! report+ ( t w> 0 n difficult4 ,& ?is 0 true ( ne>ly all w> report+ up to ! conflict betwe5 ,turkey & ! ,balkans 9 #aiab4 ,b ! great w>1 #aiad-aiah1 0 />t$ ) almo/ z mu* ho/ility t[>d ! correspond5t z t[>d ! enemy4 ,z ?\gh by common cons5t1 all ! conflict+ nations s\ght to cru% him4 ,e big newspap] 9 all ! _w want$ to s5d a correspond5t to ! fir+ l9es3 "s ( !m want$ to s5d two1 f\r1 six1 ev5 m1 = ! l9e ( battle soon became m ?an a hundr$ miles long 9 ,france & mu* long] on ! ,russian fronti]4 ,at fir/ n any 7 p]mitt$ to approa* ! fir+ front or ev5 ! division headqu>t]s & ! correspond5ts work$ "u great disadvantage4 ,a /rict c5sor%ip 0 made ov] ! little in=mation !y 7 able to obta94 ,x 0 v unsatisfactory4 ,at ?is "t ,london 0 almo/ entirely )\t in=mation ab\t ! w>4 ,! solemn sil5ce ) ref]5ce to ! armies & ! fight+ s]v$ to damp5 en?usiasm & patriotic ardor4 ,calls = enli/m5ts 7 ignor$1 recruit+ came to a /&/ill4 ,li/s ( ! dead began to appe>1 add+ to ! gloom4 ,no /irr+ descriptions ( p]sonal h]oism or glori\s a*ievem5t 7 pr9t$4 ,! newspap]s made a great r[ ab\t x & ! p jo9$ 94 ,x 0 n until lat]1 :5 ! pap]s 7 p]mitt$ to pr9t /irr+ news f ! front ( ! ebb & fl[ ( ! battle tides1 t en?usiasm 0 ar\s$ & ,engl& made spl5did response to ! call = fight+ m54 ,! gov]nm5t at l5g? came to appreciate t to suppress all w> news 0 to bre$ indiff]5ce2 & 9 ! same proportion z ! c5sor%ip 0 relax$1 public _s 0 ar\s$4 ,all ( ! ,london newspap]s made ! mo/ elaborate prep>ations to report ! w>4 ,^? ( ! ,times 7 p]haps ! mo/ compreh5sive & may s]ve z illu/ration4 ,x s5t n9ety correspond5ts to ! army fronts scatt]+ !m all along ! l9es4 ,!y 71 9 ! ma91 high pric$ m5 & ! exp5diture am\nt$ to some?+ l fifte5 ?\s& doll>s a week4 ,b ! c5sors %ut !m out entirely4 ,!y 7 n all[$ )9 miles ( ! fight+ l9es & 7 =bidd5 to s5d a scrap ( news4 ,x 0 useless to keep !m !re & !y 7 recall$4 ,! only news pr9t$ 9 ,london1 ,p>is1 or ,b]l91 at fir/1 7 ! gov]nm5t reports4 ,x 0 9 response to public clamor = m news t a new plan ( w> report+ 0 adopt$1 namely1 ! syndicat+ ( news4 ,v few correspond5ts 7 p]mitt$ on ! fir+ l9e & ea* man repres5t$ a numb] ( newspap]s4 ,9 #aiah1 = example1 z _m z eight or t5 ,engli% newspap]s %>$ ! "w ( "o man4 ,reut]'s ag5cy _h a man at all fronts4 ,8 reports w5t to all newspap]s4 ,?is 0 a great s]vice & also a great sav+ to ! small] %eets2 b ! big newspap]s want$ _! own m5 to d _! "w4 ,9 ,london1 a comb9ation ( all ! daily pap]s 0 =m$1 call$ ! ,newspap] ,proprietors ,association1 & x made virtually all arrangem5ts = report+ ! w>4 ,if a memb] _h 9 m9d a good ?+ to d he 0 requir$ by ! arrangem5t to tell x to all ! o!rs1 = no?+ c\ld be done except "u ?is coop]ative s*eme4 ,^! conditions de/roy$ all competition4 ,newspap] 8beats0 disappe>$4 ,x 0 a v unsatisfactory arrangem5t4 ,!re 0 no fre$om ( movem5t = individual publications4 ,& x is m ?an likely t a simil> sy/em w prevail 9 future w>s4 ,no room1 no facilities = sev]al hundr$ correspond5ts are to be _h at ! field headqu>t]s ( a fight+ army4 ,! numb] mu/ be re/rict$ & ! news pass$ ar\nd to all newspap]s4 ,9 ! latt] mon?s ( ! w>1 conditions1 z comp>$ ) ! fir/ mon?s1 7 rev]s$4 ,c5sor%ip 0 relax$ some:at & correspond5ts 7 all[$ to approa* ! battle l9es ) great] fre$om4 ,! syndicat+ plan 0 n *ang$4 ,x work$ m smoo?ly z ! writ]s _h m lib]ty b x 0 n ev] satisfactory to ! newspap]s4 ,! feel+ ( res5tm5t t[>d ! pres5ce ( correspond5ts 9 ! field some:at pass$ away4 ,! writ]s :o kept fai? & obs]v$ ! c5sor%ip rules 7 made m welcome4 ,b army (fic]s nev] h be5 reconcil$ to ! pres5ce ( correspond5ts & d\btless nev] w be4 ,x 0 difficult = ! newspap]s to obta9 quick news ( ! w> = reasons already m5tion$1 yet1 review+ ! mon?s ( ! conflict1 x is difficult to recall any s]i\s misrepres5tation ( facts or conditions4 ,we und]/ood always1 ) sub/antial accuracy1 h[ _m m5 ea* p[] _h 9 ! field1 :]e ! armies 7 ga!r$1 :at ! losses 71 :at advantages _h be5 ga9$ or surr5d]$1 & sub/antially h[ ?+s 7 go+4 ,! w> 0 n report$ ) especial brilliancy until j be=e its end4 ,9 ! clos+ mon?s "s v f9e "w 0 done1 b until !n dull r\t9e n>ration 0 ! vogue4 ,c5sor%ip1 ! syndicate requirem5t1 ! nev] ceas+ conge/ion ( ! wires1 ! compell$ r$uction 9 ! size ( newspap]s1 7 ! *ief causes = ! mod]ation4 ,a correspond5t :o kn[s t 8 matt] is to be cut & sla%$ two or ?ree times by c5sors be=e x rea*es 8 editor loses mu* ( ! inspiration to brilliant "w4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 any w>1 correspond5ts 7 compell$ to we> a uni=m--! ord9>y (fic]s' uni=m )\t any m>k or rank1 b ) a gre5 brass>d ar\nd ! left upp] arm4 ,ea* correspond5t 0 compell$ to provide himself ) ev]y?+ ne$$ 9 ! field includ+ 8 transport :i* meant motor c> & horses4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! correspond5t's exp5ses 7 ab\t eight hundr$ doll>s a mon?4 ,! correspond5ts 7 paid f f\r ?\s& to t5 ?\s& doll>s a ye> sal>y1 ?ree or f\r ( especial reputation gett+ m ?an ! latt] sum4 ,! w> involv$ va/ additional exp5se to newspap]s4 ,! co/ ( ma9ta9+ m5 9 ! field & 9 news c5t]s1 ! co/ ( transmitt+ dispat*es1 especially ?r\gh ! cables1 z well z ! enorm\sly increas$ price ( e product t ent]$ into newspap] con/ruction help$ to swell ! total4 ,! increase 9 ! price ( pr9t+ pap] alone co/ our newspap]s ( l>ge circulation an additional eight hundr$ ?\s& doll>s or n9e hundr$ ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,in/ead ( pay+ f sev5 to t5 c5ts a ^w = cable transmission1 z be=e ! w>1 ! press paid latt]ly tw5ty-five to ?irty-five c5ts f ,london & ,p>is4 ,"s pap]s paid z mu* z "o ?\s& doll>s = s+le dispat*es & frequ5tly exp5d$ t5 ?\s& doll>s a week = ! transmission ( w> reports4 ,9 ! ,gallipoli drive1 messages 7 s5t to ,con/ant9ople by automobile1 !nce wir$ to ,vi5na1 relay$ to ,b]l91 relay$ aga9 to ,! ,hague & aga9 to ,london1 :5ce cabl$ to ,am]ica at a total co/ ( ab\t a doll> & a half a ^w4 ,yet we fail$ to note any relaxation ( ef=t or ( exp5se on ! "p ( ,am]ican newspap]s to get ! news4 ,x is an axiom ( ! bus9ess t ! v life ( ! %eet dep5ds on a lavi% exp5diture = ! pur*ase ( in=mation4 ,! big newspap]s 7 compell$ to h special correspond5ts 9 all ! big c5t]s ( alli$1 bellig]5t & neutral c\ntries1 to cov] ! political situation & o!r ?+s aris+ f ! adm9i/rative /ate ( ! w>4 ,= example1 ,holl& 0 ! c5t] ( ,g]man news1 be+ on ! fronti] & on ! ma9 r\te4 ,"h1 naturally1 a man obta9$ ! big ,g]man news fir/ ( all1 ! ,g]man newspap]s1 ! n>ratives ( p]sons pass+ f ,g]many4 ,switz]l& 0 a news c5t] ( almo/ equal importance = ! same reasons4 ,sw$5 & ,norway _h to be cov]$4 ,x 0 v try+ = ! newspap]s1 v exp5sive4 ,9 report+ ! great w> ! newspap]s 7 "u great disadvantage 9 consequ5ce ( ! c5sor%ip4 ,x 0 ! m exact+ 9 ! ,european cities1 = !re x includ$ ! c5sor%ip ( comm5t z well z news2 b mu* m important w> news 0 p]mitt$ to pass ?r\gh ! ,atlantic cables ?an 0 p]mitt$ to be publi%$ 9 ,london1 ,p>is1 or ,b]l94 ,nev]!less1 e cable message1 e mail lett] to ,am]ica 0 c>efully scrut9iz$4 ,! lett]s f\nd objectionable 7 de/roy$2 ! cables 7 *ang$ or suppress$ at ! c5sor's w4 ,dispat*es f ,p>is to ,am]ica by ! way ( ,london 7 c5sor$ 9 ,p>is & aga9 9 ,london & also on arrival 9 ,am]ica4 ,messages f ,vi5na 7 c5sor$ 9 t city1 9 ,b]l91 9 ,london & aga9 9 ,am]ica4 ,b ) our entrance into ! w> all messages f ,g]many & ,au/ria ceas$1 practically4 ,at ! "t ,s]via 0 cru%$1 ,am]ican correspond5ts telegraph$ "s fifte5 ?\s& words describ+ ! conque/1 n "o ^w ( :i* rea*$ ,new ,york4 ,! reports rea*$ ,london & 7 held !re because ?\ght to be news damag+ to ! cause ( ! allies4 ,an ,am]ican correspond5t e>ly 9 ! w> s5t f\r reports ( ! ,*ampagne advance4 ,"o ?ird ( "o ( !m 0 deliv]$4 ,o!r correspond5ts _h ! same exp]i5ce at ?is "t4 ,9 ju/ification ( c5sor%ip & 9 appeal to ! press = its aid1 ! ,w> ,college 9 ,wa%+ton1 9 ! late w>1 cit$ in/ances ( mis*ief done 9 o!r campaigns4 ,9 ! ,crimean ,w> ! ,engli% newspap]s gave ! ,russians mo/ valuable in=mation ab\t ! nature ( ! tr5*es & ! condition ( ! armies4 ,well+ton compla9$ t ! ,engli% press gave to ,napoleon full details ( 8 troops & movem5ts4 ,! result ( ! battle ( ,sad[a1 9 ! ,au/ro-,prussian ,w>1 0 l>gely det]m9$ by a report 9 ! ,london ,times :i* told t ! ,au/rians 7 encamp$ on ! "r bank ( ! ,elbe4 ,napoleon's lett]s f ,/4 ,hel5a atte/$ t he kept accurate track ( ! movem5ts ( ! ,engli% fleets & armies by ,london newspap] reports4 ,! ,engli% _h always giv5 him cr$it = a crafty spy sy/em1 n appreciat+ t ! lett]s ( ,engli% (fic]s :i* fill$ ! newspap]s1 7 a "p s\rce ( 8 in=mation4 ,9 ! ,franco-,prussian ,w> ! ,fr5* j\rnals gave ! ,prussians full p>ticul>s ( ,mc,mahon's conc5tration at ,*lons1 8 m>* to ,rheims1 & 8 advance to ! ,meuse4 ,! ,prussians s direct$ _! army movem5ts t ! ,fr5* surr5d] at ,s$an 0 =c$4 ,! advance ( ! ,fr5* army = ! relief ( ,baz9e at ,metz1 ! success ( :i* dep5d$ on secrecy1 became kn[n to ! ,prussians ?r\gh ! ,fr5* & ,engli% newspap]s4 ,9 our own ,civil ,w>1 ,g5]al ,%]man's fam\s m>* ?r\gh ,georgia to ! sea 0 l>gely direct$ by newspap] reports & by ,presid5t ,jeff]son ,davis's spee*es expla9+ h[ ,%]man 0 to be cut (f1 :i* 7 pr9t$ 9 ! ,s\!rn press4 ,& ! ,w> ,(fice w>n+ told h[ 9 ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,w> ( #ahih1 ! success ( ! ,am]ican exp$ition t conc5trat$ at ,tampa 0 s]i\sly m5ac$4 ,e milit>y movem5t 0 report$ 9 our newspap]s & ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t _h )9 a few h\rs complete acc\nts ( ! ,am]ican prep>ations = w>4 ,! ,w> ,(fice docum5t made obs]vations on ! influ5ce ( ! press 9 times ( w> 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,! press1 p[]ful 9 peace1 may become m s 9 w>4 ,by its editorials & pres5tation ( news x may sway ! p = or aga9/ ! w>1 & ?us /imulate recruit+ & he>t5 & enc\rage ! fight+ =ces 9 _! "w1 or1 by adv]se criticism1 may t5d to de/roy ! effici5cy ( ^! ag5cies4 ,x may by publi%+ names ( organizations1 numb]s1 movem5ts1 acc\nts ( victories or defeats1 furni% in=mation to ! enemy t w enable him to d$uce ! /r5g? & location & int5d$ movem5ts ( our own troops4 ,by criticism ( ! conduct ( campaigns1 ! action ( c]ta9 (fic]s or exploit+ o!rs1 ! p w be l$ to lose confid5ce 9 ! army ) ! result t ! moral support ( ! p is lo/2 !y cry = & obta9 new g5]als & new plans ( campaign1 n bas$ on exp]t k & ?\ght ) a consequ5t l5g!n+ ( ! w> or ev5 defeat4 ,w> has add$ greatly to our in=mation ab\t =eign c\ntries4 ,we /udi$ _! geography z we foll[$ _! armies1 _! hi/ory z we became int]e/$ 9 v>i\s regions4 ,we h come to "k ( _! res\rces1 _! products1 _! agricultural & _! f9ancial condition4 ,e day = m ?an f\r ye>s1 9 hundr$s ( newspap]s' columns1 we read ( _! /atesm51 _! g5]als1 admirals1 soldi]s1 sailors1 _! p1 _! purpose1 _! patriotism1 & _! c\rage4 ,we "k ( _! cab9ets & _! p>liam5ts z nev] be=e1 _! indu/rial tr\bles1 _! petty politics z well z ^? l>g] problems t require diplomatic int]f]5ce4 ,! w> br\ght u into a new intimacy ) almo/ all ! nations ( ! globe4 ,x incubat$ hundr$s ( new problems4 ,x mu/ be q impossible = ! public to appreciate ! patriotic assi/ance & ! pecuni>y sacrifice ( ! newspap]s 9 ! w>4 ,!y surr5d]$ hundr$s ( pages to appeals = aid1 to ar\s+ int]e/1 to patriotic propag&a4 ,let u glance at ! "w ( a s+le %eet3 ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,field ( ! ,*icago ,tribune atte/$ 7,april1 #aiah7 t at t "t 8 newspap] 0 devot+ fifty p] c5t ( its space1 o!r ?an adv]tis+1 to matt]s conc]n+ ! w>4 ,9 response to ! "q1 8,:at c we d to help w9 ! w>80 x 0 decid$ to s]ve patriotic purposes bo? practical & inspirational4 ,mr4 ,field said3 ,9 ! ,sunday edition1 fiction section1 we pr9t at lea/ "o patriotic /ory4 ,! pictorial supplem5t conta9s w> photographs & portraits ( milit>y lead]s4 ,! woman's dep>tm5t is devot$ l>gely to w> s]vice4 ,"o section is giv5 to ! "w ( ! ,r$ ,cross & especially to its ne$s4 ,we give sci5tific & practical in=mation ab\t food & prea* economy & cons]vation 9 cook+ & urge cop]ation ) ! ,food ,adm9i/rator4 ,we advocate ! mak+ ( w> g>d5s & give explicit directions4 ,we h a ,camp ,/ories conte/ 9 :i* we enc\rage soldi]s to s5d %ort /ories ( camp life4 ,we pr9t "o page ( sign$ editorials on ! w>4 ,! idea ( ! page is to give articles su* z may be f\nd 9 magaz9es ( ! calib] ( ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ! ,yale ,review1 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review & ! ,new ,republic4 ,on ! club page we h "o article & picture f ! ,woman's ,committee ( ! ,/ate ,c\ncil ( ,national ,def5se4 ,"u ! head+ 8,woman 9 ,w> ,"t0 we report ! activities ( ! v>i\s patriotic wom5's organizations4 ,a ?ree or f\r ?\s& ^w lett] ( society gossip has be5 a feature = _m ye>s4 ,i f9d 9 ! la/ "o fifte5 hundr$ words devot$ to ! "w ( ! ,woman's ,committee on ! ,lib]ty ,loan campaign1 "o hundr$ words on w> talk at "o ( ! clubs1 five hundr$ on ! ent]ta9m5t ( soldi]s & sailors1 five hundr$ words to ! ,woman's ,l& ,army1 ?ree hundr$ words on ! "w ( wom5 9 munitions factories1 five hundr$ to appeals = w> donations f ,new ,york committees1 & ?ree hundr$ words on a sale ( ,ea/] c>ds = ! b5efit ( ! w\nd$4 ,?is "o article1 index$ z 8,society ,lett]0 is "o hundr$ p] c5t w> propag&a4 ,! only feature section n contribut+ to w> mat]ial is ! comic section4 ,:at has be5 true ( ! ,*icago ,tribune 0 true also ( ne>ly all ! important newspap]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no?+ 0 p]mitt$ to come be=e ! mo/ insignificant bit ( w> in=mation4 ,! newspap]s made all news subord9ate to w> news4 ,day aft] day no o!r intellig5ce ?an w> news appe>$ on ! fir/ page ( our metropolitan %eets4 ,) gl[+ patriotism !y surr5d]$ column aft] column to appeals = help = ,belgium & = scores ( o!r *>ities gr[+ out ( ! w>1 & n 9 all ! long ye>s did !y cease to pr9t appeals4 ,?r\gh ! cop]ation ( ! newspap]s millions on millions 7 rais$ be=e we ent]$ ! w>4 ,!n began r5ew$ ef=ts to help ! ,r$ ,cross1 ! ,"y ,m5's ,*ri/ian ,association1 ! ,knights ( ,columbus & k9dr$ organizations4 ,& 9 /ill great] patriotic endeavor ! press ( ,am]ica urg$ support ( ! ,lib]ty ,loans & ! ?rift /amp movem5ts4 ,! newspap]s spoke = ! national gov]nm5t4 ,!y pr9t$ ! gov]nm5t appeals4 ,!y c\nt$ n ! co/ to !mselves al?\gh e additional page meant hundr$s if n ?\s&s ( doll>s 9 additional exp5se4 ,9 no o!r way c\ld ! gov]nm5t s quickly rea* ! p4 ,! ,presid5t's appeal to public s5tim5t1 ! treasury's call = f9ancial aid1 ! plans = taxation1 ! dem&s = cons]vation ( food & res\rces1 ! ?\s& & "o sugge/ions to ! p 7 all be=e ! p 9 less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 e city ( ?is broad l&4 ,?r\gh ! press1 ! gov]nm5t c\ld almo/ in/antly communicate its wi%es to m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! p4 ,yet ! attitude ( ! gov]nm5t1 & especially ( ,congress1 0 t ( antagonism to ! press & 9 "s directions almo/ ( ho/ility4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,newspap] ,,hi/ory--,,! ,,mod]n ,,newspap] ,! "y man contemplat+ j\rnalism may be int]e/$ 9 ! beg9n+s ( ! bus9ess4 ,! little kn[n ab\t !m is abundantly repeat$ 9 v>i\s hi/ories4 ,*9a seems to h be5 ! pione] at a "t be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,b ! records ( ^? e>ly ye>s are hazy4 ,x is kn[n t ! ,pek+ ,gazette1 z ! %eet n[ is call$1 has be5 9 cont9u\s publication s9ce ! ye> #fah & m5tion is made ( ! ,pek+ ,news z be+ mu* old]4 ,news-%eets pr9t$ 9 ! "t ( ,julius ,cs> speak ( _! e/eem$ contempor>ies publi%$ 9 ,*9a4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( type & pr9t+ all communications int5d$ = public consumption 7 writt5 on papyrus %eets & 7 hang$ 9 ! m>ket places1 or 7 read to ! p1 or 7 circulat$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,fifty ye>s be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 ! ,roman gov]nm5t s5t out an (ficial %eet = ! in=mation ( its public s]vants1 ! army1 & ! p1 & ?is publication 0 cont9u$ = _m ye>s4 ,latt]ly x 0 call$ ,acta ,diurna 7,daily ,news7 & x seems to h be5 exce$+ly popul>4 ,! public appetite = news & gossip appe>s to h be5 q z voraci\s !n z n[4 ,! news-%eets 7 almo/ s5sational 9 _! tell+ ( sc&als1 ( murd]s1 & ! details ( crime4 ,!re seems to h be5 little reg>d = ! proprieties 9 ^? days1 = we read 9 ! ,acta ,diurna t 8! fun]al ( ,m>cia 0 p]=m$ ) great] pomp ( images ?an att5dance ( m\rn]s40 ,extracts f ,cic]o's spee*es are giv51 & "o comm5tator writes3 ,:5 ,cic]o 0 s5t z gov]nor to ,cilicia he ask$ a fri5d to s5d him ! news ( ,rome4 ,! fri5d employ$ scribes1 ! report]s ( t day1 to ga!r ! in=mation & prep>e ! lett]s4 ,! man :o wrote ! fir/ lett]s report$ ev]y?+ f ! proc$ure ( ! ,s5ate to ! result ( ! late/ gladiatorial conte/4 ,cic]o object$ to 8 me?ods & compla9$ t ! lett]s conta9$ items t he w\ld n h bo!r$ ) :5 at home4 ,:at he want$1 he expla9s1 0 advance in=mation to keep him 9 t\* ) ! political movem5ts ( ! "t4 ,x 0 dur+ ! reign ( ! ,cs>s t ! news-%eets 7 9 full reque/4 ,!y 7 writt5 9 ,lat91 ( c\rse1 & 7 m>vels ( ! p5man's art on papyrus2 & !y 7 express$ ) an epigrammic t]s5ess & a snap t might well be imitat$ to-day4 ,dr4 ,johnson translates a few ( !m 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e z foll[s3 ,! ,lat9 fe/ivals 7 celebrat$1 a sacrifice p]=m$ on ! ,alban ,m\nt1 & a dole ( fi% di/ribut$ to ! p4 ,a fire has happ5$ on ,m\nt ,coelius2 two trisulae & five h\ses 7 consum$ & f\r damag$4 ,demiphone1 ! fam\s pirate1 :o 0 tak5 by ,lic9us ,n]va1 a prov9cial lieut5ant1 0 crucifi$4 ,! r$ /&>d 0 display$ at ! ,capitol & ! ,consuls oblig$ ! y\? :o 7 enli/$ = ! ,mac$onian w> to take a new oa? 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius4 ,! ,a$ile ,t]t9ius f9$ ! but*]s = sell+ meat :i* _h n be5 inspect$ by ! m>ket ov]se]s4 ,! f9e is to be us$ to build a *apel = ! temple ( ,tellus4 ,m4 ,tullius ,cic]o plead$ 9 def5se ( ,cornelius ,sylla1 accus$ by ,torquatus ( be+ conc]n$ 9 ,catil9e's conspiracy & ga9$ 8 cause by a majority ( five judges4 ,! ,tribunes ( ! ,treasury 7 aga9/ ! def5dant4 ,"o ( ! ,praetors adv]tis$ by an edict t he %\ld put (f 8 sitt+s = five days on acc\nt ( 8 daught]'s m>riage4 ,a report 0 br\ght to ,t]t9ius1 ! praetor1 :ile he 0 try+ cases at 8 tribunal1 t 8 son 0 dead4 ,?is 0 contriv$ by ! fri5ds ( ,coponius1 :o 0 accus$ ( poison+1 t ! praetor might adj\rn ! c\rt2 b ! magi/rate hav+ discov]$ ! falsity ( ! /ory1 return$ to 8 tribunal & cont9u$ 9 tak+ in=mation aga9/ ! accus$4 ,aft] ,cs>'s "t ! ,roman %eets gradually disappe>$ & newspap] hi/ory becomes v mi/y4 ,news publications reappe>$1 h[ev]1 9 ,vi5na & 9 ,augsburg 9 #aebd & ,p5dleton 9 8 8,newspap] ,report+ 9 ,old5 ,"t & ,to-day10 aft] quot+ ,*alm]s 9 8 8,life ( ,ruddiman10 obs]ves3 ,b he admits t ! fir/ mod]n %eet ( news appe>$ 9 ,v5ice ab\t ! ye> #aecf1 t x 0 manuscript1 & 0 read al\d 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! city--a j\rnal t prov$ a great attraction1 = x 0 issu$ once a mon? only1 & n>rat$ 9 poli%$ /irr+ words h[ ! ,v5etians f>$ 9 _! w> aga9/ ,turkey4 ,! fee paid = read+ ?is %eet 9 manuscript 0 a gazzetta1 & ! news-%eet gradually got ! "n ( ! co9 7,! ,gazette74 ,at lea/ ,bl\nt1 9 8 ,glossographia publi%$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 w\ld lead on to ?is conclusion1 giv+ z ! def9ition ( ! ^w gazzetta1 8,a c]ta9 ,v5etian co9 sc>ce wor? "o f>?+2 also a bill ( news or %ort relations ( ! occurr5ces ( ! times1 pr9t$ mo/ commonly at ,v5ice1 & !nce disp]s$ e mon? 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom40 ,x 0 n until #afab t ! gazzettas ( ! ,v5etians fir/ appe>$ z numb]$ %eets b "s ye>s previ\sly ! ?ir/ = news--n[ well-nigh unqu5*able 9 e civiliz$ "p ( ! globe--_h spread to ,engl&4 ,all ?r\gh ! ,middle ,ages ! news-lett]s 7 re/ra9$ bo? by *ur* & /ate4 ,! privilege ( pr9t+ !m 0 )drawn1 & by ! ye> #aejj !y virtually _h ceas$ to exi/4 ,:5 !y reappe>$ !y 7 "u /rict gov]nm5t direction & c5sor%ip4 ,! use ( movable type & ! pr9t+ press n[ facilitat$ _! production1 b all au?ority fr[n$ on !m save t au?ority :i* made use ( !m = its own ends4 ,! newspap] c5sor%ip ( ! next "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s 0 ! sev]e/ ev] kn[n4 ,"l ,burleigh1 :o 0 ,prime ,m9i/] 9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s reign1 seems1 h[ev]1 to h und]/ood ! value ( publicity--und]/ood t a h&ful ( facts is wor? a hatful ( rumors :5 x comes to influ5c+ ! p4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,spani% ,armada 9 #aehh1 ) its "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e %ips1 its tw5ty ?\s& soldi]s & its t5 ?\s& sailors1 b5t on ! invasion ( ,engl&1 _h long be5 look$ =1 & on its approa* ! p 7 ov]come ) hy/]ical excitem5t4 ,b ,burleigh _h a news-lett] pr9t$ f day to day tell+ ! exact facts ( ! situation & ! panic subsid$4 ,dr4 ,james ,melv9 ,lee1 head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,j\rnalism 9 ,new ,york ,univ]sity1 believes t ! fir/ newspap] to be pr9t$ 9 ! ,engli% language 0 publi%$ 9 ,am/]dam1 ,decemb] #b1 #afbj1 & 9 pro( ( 8 belief he produces a facsimile ( ! %eet4 ,x 0 half %eet folio & _h no title4 ,a descriptive ( ! battle ( ,weiss5b]g 0 its *ief feature4 ,9 a discussion z to ! e>ly use ( ! ^w 8report]10 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,n4 ,c>y1 a ,new ,york j\rnali/1 quotes f a pamphlet ( #afac ( :i* ! title is3 ,! ,wond]s ( ?is w9die w9t]1 by t]rible /ormes & tempe/s1 to ! losse ( lives & goods ( _m ?\s&s ( m5 wom5 & *ildr54 ,! l by ,sea & ,l& ha? n be5 se5e nor he>d ( 9 ?is age ( ! _w4 ,london4 ,pr9t$ by ,g4 ,eld = ,john ,wright1 & are to be sold at 8 %op ne] ,*ri/-*ur* dore4 ,9 ?is pamphlet is ! foll[+3 ,%ips 7 p]i%+ to ! numb] ( a hundr$1 & =ty seaf>+ m51 besides o!r pass5g]s1 bo? ( m5 & wom5 :i* at t "t made _! wat]y graves 9 ! deep sea4 ,?is fir/ /rooke fe>e into ! he>ts ( p1 :i* ha? s9ce second$ ) _m calamities1 :i* lie? heavily ^u ! he>t ( ! report]4 ,! details ( ?is /orm's de/ruction are f> less int]e/+ to u ?an is ! way !y circulat$ ! news 9 #afac :5 !re 7 no newspap]s4 ,= ! next "o hundr$ ye>s ! news-%eet 0 ! *ief s\rce ( in=mation to ! ,engli% p4 ,a few weekly newspap]s 7 />t$1 ! fir/ be+ edit$ by ,na?aniel ,butt]1 9 #afbb4 ,x 0 call$ ! ,weekly ,news1 b x seems to h _h few read]s4 ,! p /uck to ! news-%eets 9 :i* !y _h confid5ce4 ,possibly !y did n cr$it ,butt]'s y>ns4 ,p5dleton quotes two ( !m z specim5s ( sev5te5? c5tury j\rnalism3 ,a true relation ( ! /range appe>ance ( a man-fi% ab\t ?ree miles )9 ! riv] ,?ames1 hav+ a musket 9 "o h& & a petition 9 ! o!r1 cr$ibly report$ by six sailors :o bo? saw & talk$ ) ! mon/]4 ,a p]fect m]maid 0 by ! la/ great w9d driv5 a%ore ne> ,gre5wi*1 ) h] comb 9 "o h& & h] look+-glass 9 ! o!r4 ,%e seem$ to be ( ! c\nt5ancy ( a mo/ fair & beautiful woman1 ) h] arms cross$1 weep+ out _m pe>ly drops ( salt te>s2 & aft]w>ds %e1 g5tly turn+ h]self ^u h] back aga91 swam away )\t be+ se5 aga9 any m4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury ! use ( ! news-%eet became s g5]al z to clog ! mails4 ,macaulay writes int]e/+ly ( ! dissem9at+ ( in=mation 9 ^? days3 ,9 #afhe no?+ l ! ,london daily pap] ( our "t exi/$ or c\ld exi/4 ,nei!r ! necess>y capital nor ! necess>y skill 0 to be f\nd4 ,fre$om too 0 want+1 a want z fatal z t ( ei!r capital or skill4 ,dur+ ! great battle ( ! ,exclusion ,bill1 _m newspap]s 7 suff]$ to appe>4 ,none ( !m 0 publi%$ (t5] ?an twice a week4 ,none exce$$ 9 size a s+le small leaf4 ,! quantity ( matt] :i* "o ( !m conta9$ 9 a ye> 0 n m ?an is (t5 f\nd 9 two numb]s ( ! ,times4 ,aft] ! defeat ( ! ,:igs1 x 0 no long] necess>y = ! ,k+ to be sp>+ 9 ! use ( t :i* all 8 ,judges _h pron\nc$ to be 8 und\bt$ pr]ogative4 ,at ! close ( 8 reign no newspap] 0 suff]$ to appe> )\t 8 all[ance2 & 8 all[ance 0 giv5 exclusively to ! ,london ,gazette4 ,! ,london ,gazette came out only on ,mondays & ,?ursdays4 ,! cont5ts 7 g5]ally a royal proclamation1 two or ?ree ,tory addresses1 notices ( two or ?ree promotions1 an acc\nt ( a skirmi% betwe5 ! imp]ial troops & ! ,janiss>ies on ! ,danube1 a description ( a highwayman1 an ann\ncem5t ( a gr& cockfight betwe5 two p]sons ( honor1 & an adv]tisem5t (f]+ a rew>d = a /ray$ dog4 ,! :ole made up two pages ( mod]ate size4444 ,! mo/ important p>liam5t>y debates1 ! mo/ important /ate trials1 record$ 9 our hi/ory1 7 pass$ ov] 9 pr(\nd sil5ce4 ,9 ! capital ! c(fee h\ses suppli$ 9 "s measure ! place ( a j\rnal4 ,?i!r ! ,london]s flock$ z ! ,a!nians ( old flock$ to ! m>ket place1 to he> :e!r !re 0 any news4 ,!re m5 might le>n h[ brutally a ,:ig _h be5 treat$ ! day be=e 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 :at horrible acc\nts ! lett]s f ,ed9burgh gave ( ! tortur+ ( ,cov5ant]s1 h[ grossly ! ,navy ,bo>d _h *eat$ ! cr[n 9 ! victuall+ ( ! fleet1 & :at grave *>ges ! ,"l ,privy ,seal _h br\ght aga9/ ! ,treasury 9 ! matt] ( ! he>? money4 ,b p t liv$ at a di/ance f ! great !atre ( political cont5tion c\ld be kept in=m$ ( :at 0 pass+ !re only by means ( news-lett]s4 ,to prep>e su* lett]s became a call+ 9 ,london4 ,! news-writ] rambl$ f c(fee room to c(fee room collect+ reports1 squeez$ himself into ! ,sessions ,h\se ( ! ,old ,bailey if !re 0 an int]e/+ trial1 nay p]haps obta9$ admission to ! ,gall]y ( ,:itehall & notic$ h[ ! ,k+ & ,duke look$4 ,9 ?is way he ga!r$ mat]ials = weekly epi/les de/9$ to enlight5 "s c\ntry t[n or "s b5* ( ru/ic magi/rates4 ,su* 7 ! s\rces f :i* ! inhabitants ( ! l>ge/ prov9cial cities & ! great body ( ! g5try & cl]gy le>n$ almo/ all !y knew ( ! hi/ory ( _! own times4 ,we mu/ suppose t at ,cambridge !re 7 z _m p]sons curi\s to "k :at 0 pass+ 9 ! _w z at almo/ any o!r place 9 ! k+dom out ( ,london4 ,yet at ,cambridge dur+ a great "p ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii1 ! ,doctors ( ,laws & ! ,ma/]s ( ,arts _h no regul> supply ( news except ! ,london ,gazette4 ,at l5g? ! s]vices ( "o ( ! collectors ( intellig5ce 9 ! capital 7 employ$4 ,x 0 a memorable day on :i* ! fir/ news-lett] f ,london 0 laid on ! table ( ! only c(fee h\se room 9 ,cambridge4 ,at ! seat ( a man ( =tune 9 ! c\ntry ! news-lett] 0 impati5tly expect$4 ,)9 a week aft] x _h arriv$ x _h be5 ?umb$ by tw5ty families4 ,x furni%$ ! neighbor+ squires ) matt] = talk ov] _! ,octob]1 & ! neighbor+ rectors ) topics = %>p s]mons aga9/ ,:igg]y & ,pop]y4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to say t !re 7 !n no prov9cial newspap]s4 ,inde$ except at ! capital & at ! two ,univ]sities !re 0 sc>cely a pr9t] 9 ! k+dom4 ,?is 0 ! condition ( ! newspap] bus9ess at ! end ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4--a p]iod di/+ui%$ by less int]e/ 9 lit]ature & /udy ?an any p]iod ( ,engl&'s hi/ory aft] ! ,elizabe?an revival ( le>n+4 ,! read+ ( books & ! se>* = in=mation _h be5 ab&on$ 9 ! que/ = pleasure4 ,! p _h jo9$ 9 imitat+ ! pr(ligacy1 ! lic5ti\sness & ! revels ( ,*>les's c\rt4 ,!y :o *ampion ! newspap] z a great uplift+ influ5ce 9 community might in/ance ^! pr(ligate days 9 :i* !re 7 no newspap]s & comp>e !m ) lat] ye>s4 ,b ! op5+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury br\ght fre% impetus to /udy & a new int]e/ 9 lit]ature4 ,sev]al weekly newspap]s _h be5 set go+4 ,! fir/ daily newspap] 0 />t$ 9 ,london 9 #agjb4 ,x 0 call$ ! ,c\rant4 ,x 0 a small s+le-%eet publication pr9t$ on "o side only1 & x gave b a meag] assortm5t ( news items4 ,x refra9$ f express+ op9ions1 ! editor say+ t 8he w\ld give no comm5ts ( 8 own z he assum$ t p _h s5se en\gh to make reflections = !mselves40 ,scores ( editors ev5 to ! pres5t day h laun*$ initial numb]s ( _! editions ) ?is same resolution1 express$ 9 ! same way1 b someh[ x does n la/ long4 ,!n came ! ,review f\nd$ by ,defoe1 & ,ri*>d ,/eele's ,tatl] & ! ,spectator by ,/eele & ,joseph ,addison1 :i* publications m>k ! real beg9n+s ( j\rnalism4 ,by ?is "t ,pope & ,swift1 ,william ,wal%1 :om ,dryd5 prais$ z a great critic1 & ,ar?ur ,maynw>+ & o!rs ( ! fam\s ,kit ,cat ,club 7 writ+ = ! p]iodicals4 ,editorial comm5t1 or ! expression ( editorial op9ion seems to h _h no place 9 newspap]s until t[>d ! close ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 ,!n1 :ile ! ,london ,gazette1 appe>+ "u gov]nm5t direction1 0 pr9t+ news only1 ,sir ,rog] ,le/range 0 p]mitt$ to pr9t a j\rnal ( comm5t )\t news1 call$ ! ,obs]vator4 ,le/range _h be5 a ,tory pamphlete]1 & = a %ort "t _h edit$ small news-%eets & "u ! gov]nm5t4 ,he _h be5 ,surveyor ( ,pr9t+ ,(fices & ,lic5sor ( ! ,press4 ,! ,obs]vator 0 f]oci\sly aga9/ ! ,:igs & ! ,prote/ants4 ,because editorial comm5t 0 new1 x focus$ mu* att5tion4 ,"h 0 ! fir/ editor to write viol5t political editorial articles4 ,he conf9$ 8 subjects to politics & to religion :i* 0 !n a "p ( ! politics ( ! day4 ,he inspir$ a ho/ ( imitators & ! lead+ article1 ( :i* he 0 ! p>5t1 has be5 ! lead+ feature ( all j\rnalism ev] s9ce4 ,great 9 its political use1 imm$iately aft] him1 7 ,dean ,swift 9 8 ,exam9]1 & ,daniel ,defoe 9 ! ,review :i* he />t$ 9 #agjd :ile 9 jail = political (f5se4 ,x 0 j at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury t ,/eele & ,addison began _! ,tatl] & ,spectator4 ,_! fir/ impulse 0 to write ( politics1 = ,/eele 0 alive ) political zeal & ,addison 0 int]e/$2 b pres5tly !y seem+ly s5s$ ! opportunity = success 9 ! new direction ( a publication giv5 to ! elucidation & ! discussion ( g5]al topics1 ( subjects on :i* politics 0 unlikely to produce div]sion ( op9ion--social life1 play-h\se criticism1 lit]ature1 morals1 e?ics & p]sonal conduct4 ,! ,spectator 0 pr9t$ daily4 ,to ! policy ( m9imiz+ politics & exalt+ g5]al topics ( int]e/ x adh]$4 ,newspap]s & p]iodicals increas$ rapidly aft] ?is "t4 ,h5ry ,field+1 ! noveli/1 0 editor ( ! ,true ,patriot 9 #agde & ! ,jacobite ,j\rnal 9 #agdg4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson />t$ ! ,rambl] 9 #agej & ! ,idl] 9 #ageh4 ,9 #agad1 elev5 pap]s 7 appe>+ 9 ,london4 ,9 #agcc1 ! numb] _h increas$ to eighte5 & 9 #aggf1 to fifty-?ree4 ,john ,wilkes 9 8 newspap] ! ,nor? ,briton accus$ ! k+ ( ly+ 9 8 address at ! op5+ ( ,p>liam5t 9 #agfb1 = :i* ,wilkes 0 committ$ to ! t[] & expell$ f ! h\se1 ( :i* he _h be5 a memb]4 ,oliv] ,goldsmi? wrote 8 delightful lett]s f 8,a ,citiz5 ( ! ,_w0 = ! ,public ,l$g]4 ,samuel ,taylor ,col]idge1 ,hazlitt & ,john ,campbell 7 writ]s = ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle4 ,& 9 aft] ye>s1 contribut+ to ! ,london ,times at "o p]iod or ano!r z writ]s1 73 ,beaconsfield1 ,"l ,*ancellor ,br\gham1 ,c>d9al ,newman1 ,"l ,grey1 ,"l ,macaulay1 ,sir ,william ,h>c\rt1 ,moore1 ,dean ,/anley1 ,"l ,%]brook1 & ,dr4 ,groley4 ,! con/ant & consi/5t progress ( ! newspap] s9ce its feeble beg9n+s1 & especially its developm5t 9 ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s1 atte/ its importance to mank9d4 ,r>ely1 inde$1 has progress be5 m delib]ate2 r>ely has x be5 m sub/antial4 ,long ye>s ( exp]i5ce ) x h te/$ & v]ifi$ ! newspap]'s usefulness4 ,?ir/ = news & = in=mation has always prevail$ & newspap] progress und\bt$ly mu/ h tak5 a vigor\s spurt ) ! inv5tion ( type & pr9t+ b = ! reason t bo? *ur* & /ate jo9$ 9 its repression4 ,9 #afhe1 at ! close ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii4 !re 7 9 all ,engl& two newspap]s only1 wor?y ( ! "n1 & bo? ( !m 7 "u ! /rict sup]vision ( ! royal c5sor4 ,! fir/ real jump 9 newspap] progress came ) ! relaxation ( gov]nm5t repression j aft] ! ye> #agjj4 ,x 0 !n t ,addison1 ,/eele1 ,defoe1 ,field+1 ,swift & ,dr4 ,johnson1 gave ! real beg9n+s to j\rnalism4 ,!reaft]1 = a hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 ! advance & improvem5t 9 ! mak+ ( newspap]s 7 delib]ate & irresi/ible4 ,f *att]]s & gossip]s only ! j\rnals came gradually to be lead]s ( ?\ght & ( public op9ion & circulators ( ess5tial in=mation4 ,b ! *ange 9 !m 0 s sl[ z to be almo/ unnotic$ f ye> to ye>4 ,9 ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 came ! inv5tion ( ! mod]n pr9t+ press :i* p]mits ! pr9t+ ( a newspap] ( ?irty-five pages or m at ! rate ( ?irty ?\s& or m copies an h\r2 ! inv5tion ( ! /]eotyp+ process by :i* newspap] pages may be duplicat$ to indef9ite numb]s1 9 solid metal1 & us$ on an indef9ite numb] ( presses 9 ! pr9t+ ( a s+le edition2 & ! inv5tion ( ! typesett+ ma*9e by :i* type may be ca/ & plac$ ) some?+ l six times ! spe$ ( ! old-"t process ( h& composition4 ,!y 7 m>vel\s inv5tions4 ,^! inv5tions remov$ me*anical difficulties t _h conf9$ ! size & re/rict$ ! circulation ( newspap]s1 & great *anges came quickly4 ,h]et(ore ! newspap]s _h be5 re/rict$ to eight pages & _m ( !m pr9t$ f\r pages only2 b imm$iately tw5ty & tw5ty-f\r page editions appe>$ & ?irty-five & =ty page ones are common n[4 ,?is great increase 9 volume p]mitt$ a l increase 9 scope & we n[ see 9 ! newspap]s a mass ( in=mation on an innum]able numb] ( topics4 ,moreov]1 all *anges 9 national or social life br+ *anges 9 newspap]s4 ,big bus9ess br\ght big newspap]s1 z soon z !y c\ld be made4 ,greatly increas$ newspap] importance has foll[$ ?is expansion4 ,x is possible to pres5t great ev5ts ) a fullness ( detail & an att5tion to side issues hi!rto unkn[n4 ,a s5ator's attack on ! ,adm9i/ration may be pr9t$ 9 full--six or sev5 columns ( x4 ,an inve/igation involv+ ! conduct ( ! w> may be report$ "q & answ] v]batim4 ,pages are devot$ to a cata/rophe l ! bl[+ up ( ,halifax t a few ye>s ago w\ld h be5 describ$ 9 z _m columns4 ,scores ( special articles are pr9t$ ! l ( :i* nev] _h f\nd place 9 ! daily newspap]4 ,& 9 ! ev5+ %eets1 especially1 are dep>tm5t features int5d$ to int]e/ wom5 & *ildr51 funny picture s]ies1 puzzles1 m$ical in=mation1 scre$s1 & freak features--all ( :i* emphasize ! v great *ange f comp>atively a few ye>s ago4 ,& e *ange f ! beg9n+ has be5 9 ! direction ( progress1 has made ! newspap] a great] & a bett] product1 has giv5 to x ! increas$ confid5ce ( ! public4 ,confid5ce 9 a production ( any sort usually is )held until exp]i5ce has te/$ & v]ifi$ x4 ,! value & ! importance ( ! newspap] h come to be firmly e/abli%$4 ,_m p]sons d n require ! s]vices ( a lawy]4 ,_m r>ely employ a physician4 ,?\s&s seldom li/5 to a cl]gyman4 ,b 9 ^! wide-awake days ev]ybody ( any acc\nt mu/ read ! newspap]1 = ! read+ ( ! newspap] has come to be absolutely ess5tial to ! daily r\t9e ( e intellig5t p]son4 ,! ?+s we read 9 ! morn+ newspap] are ! ?+s we talk ab\t dur+ ! day4 ,if y are int]e/$ 9 politics1 or if y are int]e/$ 9 f9ance1 or ! fluctuations ( prices1 or ! movem5ts ( society1 or any phase ( trade or comm]ce1 or 9 any ( ! vital que/ions ( ! h\r--= all ( ^! y turn to ! newspap]4 ,! ?+s taught 9 ! colleges are ! ?+s ( ! pa/1 or ! pr9ciples t exp]i5ce has te/$ & v]ifi$4 ,! ?+s taught by ! newspap]s are ! ?+s ( ! pres5t4 ,y _c le>n politics f a textbook4 ,y mu/ absorb ! politics ( ! day by a /udy ( ! ev5ts ( ! day4 ,y\r f9ancial policy mu/ be gov]n$ by exi/+ monet>y conditions r ?an by conclusions drawn f ! panic ( #ahgc or t ( #aijg4 ,! ev5ts ( ! day1 ! progress ( ! day1 are ( m importance to ! man 9 bus9ess life or ! man 9 social life ?an any o!r consid]ation4 ,! newspap] is 8 great s\rce ( inspiration & in/ruction4 ,! newspap] in=ms y1 in/ructs y1 influ5ces y1 amuses y1 inspires y1 directs y\r ?\ghts1 assi/s y\r conclusions1 fires y\r ambitions1 enl>ges y\r vocabul>y--all ( :i* are ( ! utmo/ importance to y4 ,x may be said1 !re=e1 ) confid5t complac5cy t ! pr(ession ( j\rnalism re/s on ! solid f\ndation ( supply+ an ess5tial ne$4 ,9 a lecture be=e ! /ud5ts ( ,d>tm\? ,college1 ,mr4 ,john ,lee ,mah9 said3 ,! family t pays a c5t or two = its big morn+ newspap] receives a c>efully dige/$ review ( ! political1 economic1 social & comm]cial activities ( ! entire _w = ! previ\s tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,probably five hundr$ m5 9 ,new ,york ,city w\ld pay a ?\s& doll>s a ye> ea* = ! comm]cial in=mation alone t !y receive f ! ,new ,york ,times if !y c\ld n obta9 x 9 any o!r way4 ,9 consid]+ ^! *anges x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! j\rnalism ( fifty ye>s ago 0 conspicu\s = ! reason t a fam\s bun* ( editors /amp$ _! p]sonality on almo/ e column4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( p]sonal j\rnalism4 ,^! editors 7 inspir$ by ! trag$ies & ! f]ocities ( ! ,civil ,w> & by ! magnitude & ! political importance ( ev5ts involv+ z !y believ$ ! v life ( ! nation4 ,!y 7 made conspicu\s by ! v greatness ( ! causes t mov$ _! m9ds & _! p5s4 ,!y 7 /imulat$ to ! limit ( m5tal exaltation 9 :at !y wrote4 ,! c\ntry 0 surg+ ) excitem5t4 ,"p ( ! p 7 clamor+ = peace on any t]ms4 ,o!rs insi/$ on fight+ ! w> to a f9i% at any co/ ( life or money4 ,/ill o!rs 7 = compromise4 ,x is h>dly possible = g5]ations ( to-day to appreciate h[ int5sely ! w> agitat$ ! p4 ,! editors f\ght ea* o!r ) a f]ocity o!rwise unkn[n 9 ,am]ican j\rnalism4 ,!y 7 ! p's *ampions & _! names 7 kn[n 9 e h\sehold2 & d\btless _! names w live = ye>s to come z ! c\ntry's greate/ editors4 ,nev]!less1 let x be said1 9 all tru?1 t we h to-day scores ( editors equally capable ( produc+ ! crisp & pung5t p>agraphs z well z ! pr(\nd editorial articles ( ,pr5tice1 ,greeley1 ,raymond1 ,dana1 ,bryant1 ,b[les1 ,watt]son1 ,m$ill & ,manton ,m>ble4 ,! p]sonal j\rnalism ( t day 0 impetu\s & impressive1 b latt]ly & by degrees1 9 ! big cities especially1 8! supreme importance ( ! editor has be5 trans=m$ into ! supreme importance ( ! newspap]10 & we he> less ab\t ! editor & m ab\t ! newspap] itself4 ,?is effacem5t ( individuality influ5ces to exalt ! newspap] & to exalt j\rnalism z a pr(ession4 ,! greatly enl>g$ field has attract$ ?\s&s ( mo/ excell5t writ]s1 f9e editors1 conductors1 & manag]s4 ,news-ga!r+ & news-pres5tation are n[ reg>d$ z ( supreme importance4 ,our pages bri/le ) specialties4 ,our ,sunday editions are magaz9es ( in=mation4 ,! great mod]n newspap] repres5ts ! product ( ! pr(ession r ?an ! g5ius ( a s+le writ]4 ,x 0 n s fifty ye>s ago4 ,^! m51 ^: names h come d[n to u1 7 great editorial writ]s r ?an great editors ( ! entire newspap]4 ,aside f ! editorial page _! editions 7 devoid ( g5ius4 ,! news columns 7 slov5ly 9 appe>ance & dull 9 n>ration4 ,!y lack$ ! cunn+ ( embelli%m5t ) ! flavor ( lit]ature & ! *>m ( fiction4 ,! book reviews1 ! critical articles 7 excell5t--b ! editors daub$ dullness ov] ev]y?+ else4 ,! newspap] ( t day is n to be comp>$ ) ! newspap] ( to-day 9 g5]al excell5ce4 ,! editorial pages & ! criticisms1 h[ev]1 7 ( high excell5ce4 ,x 0 a lit]>y era & ! lit]>y impulse 0 a conspicu\s factor 9 public ?\ght4 ,m>ble1 ,dana1 ,bryant1 ,curtis & o!rs made reputations = lit]>y excell5ce 9 j\rnali/ic "w t w\ld n to-day attract s mu* att5tion2 = lit]>y excell5ce1 :ile comm5d$ & appreciat$1 is n s mu* insi/$ on1 enc\rag$1 or taught1 z x 0 =ty ye>s ago4 ,! =eign correspond5ce ( t day z pr9t$ 9 ! newspap]s consi/$ l>gely ( descriptions ( sc5]y & revelations ( ! writ]s' emotions :ile climb+ to ,alp9e heights or float+ by moonlight on ! sil5t wat]s ( ,italian lakes4 ,x 0 writt5 mo/ly by /aff memb]s :o 7 on vacation trips & :o 7 inspir$ by ! travel notes ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+ & ,na?aniel ,haw?orne t _h obta9$ great att5tion4 ,! j\rnals ( fifty ye>s ago did n ma9ta9 regul> correspond5ts abroad4 ,all fir/ class important pap]s to-day h repres5tatives 9 ! capitals ( ,europe1 b !y d n write descriptions ( sc5]y4 ,"s ( ! =eign correspond5ce ( t day 0 v good1 h[ev]1 notably t ( ,bay>d ,taylor = ! ,new ,york ,tribune4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s diff]5ce betwe5 ! newspap]s ( #ahej or #ahfj & ^? ( to-day is 9 ! treatm5t ( news4 ,v little space 0 giv5 !n to really important ev5ts4 ,! national conv5tion t nom9at$ a c&idate = ! presid5cy 0 report$ 9 two columns or s1 :]eas to-day f ?ree to six pages are requir$4 ,a b>e half column 0 giv5 to ! /ock m>ket4 ,! comm]cial m>kets 7 equally p9*$2 two or ?ree pages ( matt] are n[ devot$ to !m4 ,!re 0 no real e/ate dep>tm5t4 ,! c\rt cal5d>s 7 n pr9t$ = ! lawy]s1 nor ! li/ ( buy]s 9 t[n = ! m]*ants2 nor 0 !re a sport+ page1 or a woman's page1 or a li/ ( s*ool tea*]s appo9t$1 or ( policem5 transf]r$1 or ( firem5 grant$ a leave ( abs5ce4 ,! news 0 pres5t$ 9 ! mo/ p]functory & r\t9e fa%ion1 ) no attempt to make x attractive or int]e/+4 ,news collect+ _h n be5 sy/ematiz$ or especially /udi$1 z to-day4 ,! ,associat$ ,press 0 9 its infancy1 devot+ itself almo/ entirely to congress proce$+s & to m>ket reports4 ,raw report]s 7 p]mitt$ to int]sp]se _! own comm5ts ?r\gh :at !y wrote & _! conclusions receiv$ little revision or sup]vision4 ,e l9e 9 ! mod]n newspap] is revis$ by a copy read] editor & n a sugge/ion ( reportorial op9ion is p]mitt$4 ,! edition ( fifty ye>s ago 0 m or less subject to haphaz>d inexactitude & casual error4 ,! pres5t-day newspap] is prep>$ ) great c>e4 ,its ambiti\s articles are /udi$ out4 ,! errors 9 its news columns are ! results ( ha/e r ?an ignorance--! ha/e compell$ by necessity 9 gett+ to press on ! m9ute4 ,! ,sunday edition supplem5ts1 devot$ to g5]al topics & to lit]ature1 are already tak+ ! place ( _m k9ds ( lit]ature4 ,!y pr9t new fiction by popul> au?ors4 ,!y exploit & exp& ! late/ developm5ts 9 sci5ce1 art1 music1 m$ic9e1 me*anics1 con/ruction1 transportation--inde$1 any?+ t is new or important4 ,!y quickly transf] to _! columns any important matt] conta9$ 9 a new book4 ,! read+ ( newspap]s is immeasurably great] ?an ! read+ ( any o!r k9d ( matt]4 ,! new book ( :i* fifty ?\s& copies are sold is call$ v successful1 ( :i* "o hundr$ ?\s& are sold is pron\nc$ a wond]1 ( :i* two hundr$ ?\s& are sold1 ph5om5al4 ,yet 9 ,new ,york ,city alone a million & a half newspap]s are pr9t$ e morn+ & ne>ly two millions e aft]noon4 ,9 ,am]ica1 millions ( p]sons :o d n read m ?an five books 9 a ye> read a newspap] or two e day4 ,& ! newspap] ( to-day is a bett] pap] because x is m accurate ( /atem5t & m fai?ful to fact1 & m fair-m9d$ 9 ! pres5tation ( pass+ ev5ts4 ,! long we>y day ( misrepres5tation 9 news reports is draw+ to its close4 ,! *ief ev5ts ( ! "t are record$ ) su* fidelity to accuracy t 9 future ye>s !y mu/ be accept$ z hi/orically correct4 ,all dec5t newspap]s n[ take pride 9 _! accuracy ( /atem5t 9 ! news columns & !re is little int5tional misrepres5tation4 ,9 our political campaigns ! attitude ( ea* c&idate is dec5tly describ$ & :at he says is fai?fully report$ & made equally conspicu\s4 ,9 ?is respect ! newspap]s h *ang$ greatly )9 a few ye>s4 ,moreov]1 ! collection ( news has be5 greatly facilitat$ by increas$ telegraph & telephone & ocean cable effici5cy4 ,^! ag5ts give mu* bett] transmission1 mak+ communication ) all p>ts ( ! _w little %ort ( in/antane\s4 ,speak+ ( ! b5efits to ! _w secur$ ?r\gh electricity1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,h>ris said 9 a rec5t address3 ,:5 ! ,norsem5 7 on _! way to ! discov]y ( ,am]ica !y _h no compass2 yet ! compass _h be5 discov]$ by ! ,*9ese _m c5turies be=e4 ,b ! news ( ! compass _h n 9 all ^! c5turies gott5 half way ar\nd ! _w4 ,& ! sci5ce ( navigation came n until t piece ( news _h made its way to ! ,european _w4 ,to-day any important fact girdles ! globe 9 a cable's fla%4 ,! newspap]s ( to-day are bett] because m /udy & ?\ght are put into _! con/ruction4 ,n only are ! editorial writ]s m5 ( education1 b ! sub-editors1 ! night editors1 ! revis]s ( copy & ! report]s are mo/ly educat$ m5--m5 :o h be5 taught :]e to seek & h[ to f9d in=mation1 :o h be5 taught to be confid5t & self-reliant & orig9al4 ,! proportion ( college-br$ m5 on newspap] /affs is mu* great] ?an x us$ to be1 & ! intellig5ce ( ! /affs has increas$ 9 ! same proportion4 ,! mod]n newspap] wants m5 ( bra9s :o "k h[ to use _! bra9s--m5 :o c ?9k rapidly & act in/antly4 ,?is unceas+1 irresi/ible1 cumulative progress is mak+ newspap]s m important1 is mak+ ! pr(ession ( j\rnalism m attractive4 ,ev5 z ye>s ( exp]i5ce & /udy & labori\s pati5t application h p]fect$ & solidifi$ ! practice ( law & m$ic9e1 h made firm & sub/antial ! developm5ts ( electricity & me*anics1 & h solv$ ! problems ( transportation & great bus9ess1 s ! mak+ ( newspap]s is settl+ d[n to a /rong sub/antial basis4 ,,index ,abbott1 ,lyman1 #hi ,acta ,diurna1 #aig ,addison1 ,joseph1 #hi ,arnold1 ,sir ,edw>d to ,t5nyson1 #fd ,b>nato1 ,b>n>d1 #aaj ,bee*]1 ,h5ry ,w>d1 #ic1 #agc ,b[les1 ,samuel1 #ia1 #adh ,brisbane1 ,ar?ur1 #agd ,bryant1 ,william ,cull51 #adg ,burleigh1 ,"l1 #bjj ,butl]1 ,samuel1 #ee ,butt]1 ,na?aniel1 #bjb ,c>y1 ,h5ry ,n41 #bja ,cable1 ,co/s1 #ajg1 #aab1 #aij ,c5sor%ip1 #afd ,*auc]1 #fe ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce ,monitor1 ,!1 #hi ,city ,editor1 ,!1 #b ,conque/s1 ! public's great int]e/ 9 any k9d ( a fight1 #ig ,copy ,read]s1 #bi1 #ce ,correspond5t1 ! ,wa%+ton1 #aj1 #ab ,correspond5t1 ! ,=eign1 #aab ,corbett1 ,james1 #ig ,c\rant1 ,! ,london1 #bje ,crooke1 ,william1 #ah ,dana1 ,*>les ,&]son1 8 f9e lead]%ip1 #dh2 great z an editor1 #fa2 advice to 8 ,manag+ ,editor1 #fb2 on ha/y editorial writ+1 #hj2 on mak+ ! ,sun talk$ ab\t1 #id ,dick5s1 ,*>les1 exp]i5ce z a report]1 #af ,edison1 fir/ public te/ ( ! h\sehold electric light1 #ac ,editorial writ]1 ,!1 #gf1 #gh ,editorial c\ncil1 ,!1 #gi ,editor 9 *ief1 ,!1 #gi ,editor1 lett]s to1 #hj ,em]son1 ,ralph ,waldo1 #eb ,exagg]ation1 :]e x may be tol]at$1 #gj ,field1 ,eug5e1 #adh ,field1 ,william ,h41 #aid ,fiske1 ,john1 #aha ,=ney1 ,colonel ,john ,w41 #ce ,f\r? ,e/ate1 ,!1 #aai ,france1 ,anatole1 #fh ,fr\de1 ,james ,an?ony1 #adh ,gazette1 ,! ,pek+1 #aig ,gazette1 ,! ,london1 #bjf ,george1 ,lloyd1 #aaa ,gladd51 ,wa%+ton1 #aeg ,gosse1 ,edmund1 #ef ,gray1 #ee ,greeley1 ,horace1 #fa1 #ia1 #id1 #adg ,h>ris1 ,w4 ,w41 #baf ,hay1 ,john1 #adh ,hal/$1 ,murat1 #adh ,he>n1 ,lafcadio1 #ec1 #ee1 #hi1 #agb ,he>/1 ,william ,r41 #hh ,he5an1 ,john ,c41 #ig ,holmes1 ,oliv] ,w5dell1 #adh ,h[ells1 ,w4 ,d41 #adh ,imitation1 its repressive influ5ce aga9/ a writ]'s advancem5t1 #ace ,irv+1 ,wa%+ton1 #fe ,jeff]son1 ,?omas1 #adh ,j5k9s1 h[ he got a job z report]1 #ah ,johnson1 ,samuel1 #ef1 #agc ,j\rnal1 ,! ,new ,york1 #aja ,lauzanne1 ,/phane1 #adi ,lee1 ,james ,melv91 #bja ,le/range1 ,rog]1 #bjf ,l9coln1 ,abraham1 #aei ,macaulay1 ,t4 ,b41 #ee1 #ga1 #bjb ,ma*iavelli1 #ei ,mah91 ,john ,lee1 #baa ,mail1 ,london ,daily1 #ahe ,manag+ ,editor1 #df-di ,m$ill1 ,joseph1 #adh ,nelson1 ,colonel ,william ,rockhill1 #ae ,newspap]1 ! mod]n1 made ) bewild]+ spe$1 #dc ,newspap]1 ! village1 its opportunities = community s]vice1 #acj ,newspap] specialties1 ^? embrac+ politics & f9ance ! mo/ important1 #ahj ,newspap]s1 indisp5sable to republican or repres5tative =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,! gov]nm5t speaks to ! p ?r\gh !m1 #afa ,news1 local1 does n exi/ 9 ,new ,york ,city2 all important 9 ! village1 #adj ,nor?cliffe1 ,"l1 #agc1 #age ,obs]vator1 ,!1 #bjf ,o*s1 ,adolph ,s41 #ia ,patriot1 ,! ,fulton1 ,n4 ,y41 #acj ,p5dleton1 ,john1 #ab1 #aii ,policy1 newspap]1 its rev]sal is dang]\s to its prosp]ity1 #ia ,price1 ,*>les ,w41 #aag ,pro( read+1 #dj ,publications1 te*nical & class1 #aai ,pulitz]1 ,joseph1 #hg ,quill]-,c\*1 ,sir ,ar?ur1 #ed1 #aeh ,reid1 ,:itelaw1 #id ,report]1 8 beg9n+s & progress1 #a-i2 ! political1 #h-aj2 8 unpleasant tasks1 #bb ,report]s1 fir/ ann\ncem5ts ( great ev5ts made by1 #ac ,review1 ,!1 #bje ,roosevelt1 ,!odore1 #ca ,rossetti1 #ee ,sa9te ,beuve1 #ef ,sa9tsbury1 ,george1 #ec ,sal>ies1 newspap]1 #adf ,say]s1 ,tom1 #ig ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 #ee ,seitz1 ,don1 #ajb ,s5sationalism1 :]e9 h>mful1 #ajc ,smi?1 ,sidney1 #gj ,spectator1 ,!1 #bje ,/ead1 ,william ,t41 #fg ,syndicate s]vice1 #ach ,sy/em1 #aba ,sun1 ,! ,ev5+1 #ajb ,talleyr&1 #be ,tatl]1 ,!1 #bje1 #bjf ,?ack]ay1 ,william ,m41 #agd ,times1 ,! ,new ,york1 #ia ,times1 ,! ,london1 #ahg ,titanic1 /eam%ip1 loss (3 h[ report$1 #dd ,tol/oy1 #ee ,tribune1 ,! ,*icago1 #ia ,tribune1 ,! ,new ,york1 #ia ,victorian ,lit]ature1 ,era (1 #hc ,village1 ! ,am]ican1 its newspap] opportunities1 #acb ,w>1 its supreme int]e/ to newspap] read]s1 #ii ,wea!r1 !3 its importance & int]e/ to ! read]1 #ajj ,web/]1 ,noah1 #adh ,wells1 ,h4 ,g41 #ag ,we/1 ,dean1 #fg ,:itman1 ,walt1 #adh ,:itti]1 ,john ,g41 #adh ,wilson1 ,woodr[1 #eh1 #fi1 #aei1 #afb ,writ]1 ,!1 #fj ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,punctuation has be5 /&>dis$4 ,spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$ z publi%$ 9 ! orig9al publication except z foll[s3 ,page #c ev]y?+ happ5s 9 ,new ,york ?an c *ang$ to ev]y?+ happ5s 9 ,new ,york t c ,page #dg or (f ,montauk ,po9t3 judgm5t :e!r *ang$ to or (f ,montauk ,po9t2 judgm5t :e!r ,page #fj bett] expres$ by *ang$ to bett] express$ by ,page #hi k9d to :om lacrimose emotion *ang$ to k9d to :om la*rymose emotion ,page #id :o succ$$ ,greeley z editor *ang$ to :o succe$$ ,greeley z editor ,page #ajb exagg]ation & brea?less an\ncem5t *ang$ to exagg]ation & brea?less ann\ncem5t ,page #aaa op9ion z to ! propects = peace *ang$ to op9ion z to ! prospects = peace ,page #aih s5t z gov]nor to ,cilica *ang$ to s5t z gov]nor to ,cilicia ,page #bai acc\nts ! lett]s f ,ed9burg *ang$ to acc\nts ! lett]s f ,ed9burgh ,page #bcf ,gazette1 ,! ,pek9 *ang$ to ,gazette1 ,! ,pek+ ,page #bbj ,lausanne1 ,/phane *ang$ to ,lauzanne1 ,/phane