,transcriber's ,note3   ,italics        
delimited by underscores1 bold text     
delimited by equal signs4   ,a caret    
symbol signifies the next character is  
superscript1 if  following the caret is 
a curly bracket1 the characters inside  
the  curly brackets are superscript4    
,character surrounded by curly braces   
and preceded by an underscore are       
subscript4   ,illustration3 ,,george    
,,seward1 ,,the ,,american ,,wonder1 who
 ran #ajj yards in #isecs4              
,,practical ,,training    ,,for         
,,running1 ,,walking1 ,,rowing1         
,,wrestling1    ,,boxing1 ,,jumping1    
,,and    ,,all ,,kinds ,,of ,,athletic  
,,feats2    ,,together ,,with           
,,tables ,,of ,,proportional            
,,measurements   ,,for ,,height ,,and   
,,weight ,,of ,,men   ,,in ,,and ,,out  
,,of ,,condition2    ,,including        
,,hints ,,on ,,exercise1 ,,diet1        
,,clothing1 ,,and   ,,advice ,,to       
,,trainers2    ,,also1    ,,banting',s  
,,system ,,of ,,reducing ,,corpulency1  

,,and    ,,record ,,of ,,fast ,,athletic
 ,,performances4    ,,by   ,,ed4        
,,james1   ,,author ,,of 8,,manual ,,of 
,,sporting ,,rules10 8,,the ,,game      
,,cock10   8,,terrier ,,dogs10 ,,etc41  
,,etc4    ,,new ,,york3   ,,published   
,,by ,,ed4 ,,james1 #hh  #ij ,,centre   
,,street1   ,,new ,,york ,,clipper      
,,building4    #ahgg4   ,price ,fifty   
,cents4   ,twenty-fourth ,edition4      
,entered according to ,act of ,congress1
 in the year #ahgh1   ,,by ,,ed4        
,,james1   in the office of the         
,librarian of ,congress1 ,washington1   
,d4 ,c4     ,,preface4                  
,notwithstanding that so many books have
 been written on ,,physical ,,culture1  
there still remained a large field to be
 covered--hence the publication of the  
present volume4 ,great care having been 
taken in its compilation1 we feel       
confident that the work will be in every
 sense of the word practical2 so that   
those who desire may follow whatever    
their fancy prefers in athletic sports1 

in a creditable manner4 ,in our opinion1
 the general usefulness of the book     
could in no way be improved upon2 but1  
in order to be thoroughly posted in the 
laws governing athletic contests1 the   
8,,manual ,,of ,,sporting ,,rules10 as a
 companion to this work1 will be found  
very beneficial4 ,the table of          
,proportional ,measurements1 according  
to height and weight1 will form a good  
guide for the athlete as to his special 
muscular development4 ,banting's ,system
 of ,reducing ,corpulency1 though not   
exactly intended for training purposes1 
is not to be despised1 containing1 as it
 does1 much interesting and reliable    
information1 on the subject of diet     
especially4 ,to complete the treatise1  
and in order to prove what can be done  
by man when in proper physical          
condition1 we add a record of the best  
athletic performances4     ,,contents4  
,,introductory                          
,,page #e    ,advice to ,trainers       
#g    ,training for ,pedestrianism      

#aj    ,sleep                           
#ad    ,clothing                        
#ad    ,time and ,duration of ,training 
for ,running       #ae    ,sprint       
,running                                
#af    ,quarter and ,half ,mile ,running
                   #ah    ,one ,mile    
,running and upwards                    
#ah    ,hurdle ,racing                  
#ah    ,hints ,in1 ,before1 and ,after  
the ,race            #ai    ,training   
,practice1 ,fair ,walking1 etc4         
#bj    ,high ,jumping                   
#bc    ,broad ,jumping                  
#bd    ,hammer ,throwing                
#be    ,putting the ,stone              
#bf    ,training for ,rowing1 etc4      
#bg    ,training for ,long ,distance    
,contests             #cf    ,training  
for ,base ,ball                         
#db    ,advice to ,business ,men and    
others               #dc    ,the late   
,john ,morrissey's ,views               
#di    ,training in ,regard to ,pugilism
 and ,wrestling    #ea    ,principal    

,muscles used by the ,athlete           
#eb    ,temperament                     
#ed    ,growth and ,decay               
#ee    ,meats1 etc41 to be ,avoided     
#eg    ,natural ,sweating               
#eh    ,artificial ,sweating            
#eh    ,sweating ,liquors               
#eh    ,treatment of the ,feet1 ,hands1 
,sinews1 etc4      #eh    ,soft ,corns  
#fj    ,hard ,corns                     
#fj    ,hardening the ,flesh            
#fj    ,bunions                         
#fj    ,boils                           
#fj    ,strains                         
#fj    ,sprains                         
#fj    ,chapped ,hands1 etc4            
#fj    ,blisters                        
#fj    ,exercise1 ,sun ,baths1 etc4     
#fa    ,baths--,hot1 ,cold1 etc4        
#fb    ,thirst1 ,medicine1 etc4         
#fd    ,weight as ,proportional to      
,height                #fd    ,weight   
when in ,condition for ,athletic ,feats 
#fe    ,banting on ,corpulency          
#fe    ,record of ,best ,athletic       

,performances            #fh            
,,practical ,,training4                 
,,preliminary ,,remarks4  ,according to 
,,charles ,,westhall1 a physician1 as   
well as one of ,england's greatest      
pedestrians4   ,pedestrianism1 from its 
being the basis and principal agent in  
securing a thorough and perfect training
 to all who may have1 from choice or    
necessity1 to undergo a great amount of 
physical exertion1 may be considered the
 chief feature in the preparation of men
 for all contests in which great        
strength1 speed1 and wind may be        
required4 ,from this point of view the  
science of walking will be treated in   
the present work2 for whether a man may 
have entered in an engagement to run1   
walk1 jump1 swim1 row1 or box1 no       
training can be thoroughly accomplished 
until the athlete has undergone a       
certain amount of exercise on foot1 and 
reduced his superfluous weight to such  
an extent that he can follow up his     
peculiar forte with fair chance of      

improvement1 or at least so that he may 
not have to stop short from sheer want  
of wind or strength4  ,pedestrianism1   
which has before been stated to be more 
or less indispensable to the man        
undergoing preparation1 from its        
healthful and beneficial effect upon the
 human frame1 is of most vital          
importance in keeping the required      
equable balance which should exist in   
every constitution1 whether robust or   
otherwise4 ,good training is as         
requisite to any man who wishes to      
excel1 as it is to the thoroughbred     
race-horse4 ,a man who is fleshy and    
obese might as well attempt to compete  
with a well-trained man as the          
race-horse that has been fed for a      
prize-show to again enter the lists with
 his highly-prepared and well-trained   
contemporaries4 ,a man may be endowed   
with every requisite in health1         
strength1 muscle1 length1 courage1 bone1
 and all other qualifications2 but if   
untrained1 these qualifications are of  

no value1 as1 in every instance1 a man  
or horse1 well-trained1 of much inferior
 endowments1 has always under the       
circumstances proved the victor4 ,good  
condition1 which is the term used by    
trainers to indicate the perfect state  
of physical power to which the athlete  
has arrived1 is one of the greatest     
safeguards to his health2 as1 in many   
instances1 severe and long-continued    
exertion when unprepared has had an     
injurious and continuous effect on the  
constitution1 and1 in some few but      
fortunately almost isolated cases1      
produced almost instant death4 ,these   
few words are not alone intended for the
 man who has to compete1 but for a great
 portion of mankind1 who go through the 
regular routine of life day after day1  
their business being sometimes performed
 with apathy1 and the remainder of their
 time passed in excessive smoking1      
eating1 drinking1 sleeping1 sitting1 or 
any small pet vice to which they may be 
addicted4 ,that such a man can undergo  

the same process of training as the     
professional who has an engagement to   
perform some arduous task against time  
or a fleet antagonist1 we do not ask or 
expect--his occupation would not allow  
the same time2 but the assertion that he
 would perform his allotted duties with 
more pleasure to himself and more       
satisfaction to all concerned if he were
 to submit to undergo a partial         
training1 is a truth that ought to be   
tested by all who have any regard for   
continued good health4 ,were this system
 carried out to even a small extent1 the
 physician would have cause to lament   
the decline of his practice1 and the    
advertising quack become a nonentity4   
,as a proof how necessary training is   
considered by the professional1 it is   
only requisite to ask any pedestrian of 
note for his candid opinion to satisfy  
the most incredulous4 ,the higher in the
 pedestrian grade the man may be to whom
 the question may be put the better1 in 
consequence of his having gone through  

the whole performance1 from novicehood  
upwards2 and1 in every instance1 it will
 be found that more than one of his     
defeats will be attributed to want of   
condition 7proper training7 arising from
 neglect of work or other causes1 such  
as carelessness in diet1 want of        
practice1 and1 in some instances1 from  
the neglect of the precepts attempted to
 be inculcated by his trainer4 ,most of 
the above mistakes have arisen from     
overweening confidence in his own       
powers1 or from underrating his         
adversaries' abilities4 ,however willing
 and thoughtful he may have been1 these 
contretemps have almost invariably been 
the fate of all our leading athletes1   
not only in the pedestrian circle1 but  
in the ring1 on the water1 and in all   
sports in which a great lead has ever   
been taken by man4 ,he will inform the  
querist that he will require from a     
month to two months for his preparation1
 and if he has been out of practice for 
some time1 even more--thus showing to   

the dullest intellect the requisite time
 and attention needed2 for if a man who 
has shone pre-eminent in the sphere he  
has chosen for his exertions1 and has   
had the benefit of previous trainings1  
must again undergo the same ordeal as   
heretofore1 a man totally untrained must
 at least require the same preparation1 
as well as a greater amount of practice1
 to fully develop his particular forte  
as a pedestrian4 ,to sum up in a few    
words1 training is a complete system of 
diet and exercise duly carried out and  
strenuously adhered to4 ,from the mode  
of life which almost all lead1 the      
health becomes impaired1 and the only   
remedy will be discovered by him who    
follows the principle of training in    
some form or other1 the more simple the 
better4 ,that the same system of        
training will suit all constitutions1 it
 would be absurd folly to advance2 or   
that the same amount of work and        
strictness of diet is requisite for a   
man about to run a race of one hundred  

and twenty yards1 as for a struggle of  
an hour's duration1 would be equally    
preposterous4 ,nevertheless1 the        
groundwork of training arises from the  
benefits derived from regular diet and  
steady exercise4 ,training will bring   
out all the hitherto latent powers of   
the athlete1 raising the man who has    
previously been considered almost a     
nonentity into public notice1 the one of
 mediocre calibre into the first rank1  
and thoroughly develop the excellencies1
 etc41 of the first-class proficient to 
an extent that will not only surprise   
himself1 but his associates and         
long-tried friends and backers4         
,illustration3 ,,charles ,,rowell1      
,champion ,long-distance ,pedestrian of 
the ,world4  ,illustration3 ,,william   
,,gale1 who walked #d1jjj quarter miles 
in #d1jjj consecutive #aj minutes4      
,,training is the process of getting a  
man who has to perform any muscular feat
 from a state of obesity and almost     
total incapability into a perfect state 

of health1 which is shown by the great  
increase of strength1 activity1 wind1   
and power to continue great exertion and
 pace to the extent of his endowments4  
,it is this acquired power which enables
 the pedestrian to persevere in his     
arduous task1 apparently in despite of  
nature1 which1 but for his thorough     
preparation1 would have long before been
 utterly prostrate4 ,so much is         
depending on1 and so many results       
accruing to the efficiency of the       
trainer1 that a few words of friendly   
advice to that official will not be out 
of place2 for although the veteran has  
learned the precepts given below by     
heart1 yet there is always a beginning  
to all occupations4 ,as a rule1 a great 
pedestrian is not qualified at the      
outset of his career as a trainer to    
undertake the care of most men1 in      
consequence of there being a leaven of  
the remembrance of the manner in which  
he went through his work1 etc41 which   
will in most instances render him less  

tolerant than is requisite to the man of
 mediocre talent4 ,another difficulty is
 to find one with sufficient education  
and forethought to be able to study the 
different constitutions of the men under
 his rule4 ,the above are only a few of 
the objections2 but all are of          
consequence1 so much depending upon the 
treatment of the man independent of his 
daily routine of exercise and diet4 ,the
 man who goes first into training is    
like an unbroken colt1 and requires as  
much delicate treatment4 ,the temper of 
the biped ought to be studied as        
carefully as that of the quadruped1 so  
that his mind can be carefully prepared 
for his arduous situation1 which is one 
of abstinence1 and in some cases total  
deprivation1 which always tries the     
patience and frequently the temper of   
the competitor1 who in these cases      
should be encouraged by word and        
example1 showing that the inconveniences
 he is undergoing are but the           
preliminary steps to the attainment of  

that health1 strength1 and elasticity of
 muscle which have caused so many before
 him to accomplish almost apparent      
impossibilities4 ,such a trainer is     
worth a hundred of those who have no    
judgment in the regulation of the work  
which a man may take without in any way 
making him anxious to shun his duty or  
to turn sullen4 ,let the trainer bear in
 mind and always remember that a fit of 
ill-temper is as injurious to the man in
 training as any other excess4 ,in many 
instances1 from a supposed well-founded 
cause of complaint1 a continued civil   
war has arisen in the cabinet1 which has
 not been quelled1 perhaps1 until the   
dissension has had a very serious effect
 in destroying the pedestrian's         
confidence in his trainer's capabilities
 and temper1 as well as throwing back   
the trained man most materially in his  
advance towards condition4              
,nevertheless1 the mentor should be firm
 in his manner1 intelligible in his     
explanations1 and by no means bigoted in

 his favorite notions respecting the use
 of any particular medicine or 8nostrum0
 which he may think may be requisite to 
the welfare of his man4 ,the trainer1 of
 course1 is known or supposed to be of  
sterling integrity1 and having the      
welfare of his man as his first aim2 and
 on this in a great measure depends the 
monetary interests of the man and his   
backers4 ,we are sorry to have to       
mention that such a man is requisite as 
a trainer1 but consider it necessary to 
mention it1 as1 if the trainer is not   
honest1 and has not his heart in the    
well-doing of his man1 all the pains    
taken by the pedestrian would be        
nullified and rendered of no avail4 ,the
 trainer must be vigilant night and day1
 never leave his man1 and must act      
according to his preaching1 and be as   
abstemious1 or nearly so1 as his man1   
whom it is his duty to encourage in     
improvement1 to cheer when despondent1  
and to check if there are at any time   
symptoms of a break-out from the rules  

laid down--but at all times he must1 by 
anecdote1 etc41 keep the mind of his man
 amused1 so that he may not brood over  
the privations he is undergoing4 ,let   
the trainer not forget that cleanliness 
is one of the first rules to be attended
 to1 and that the bath can hardly hurt  
his man in any season if only due       
precautions be observed1 always bearing 
in mind that it is a preventive instead 
of a provocative to colds1 catarrhs1 and
 the long list of ills attendant upon a 
sudden chill4 ,the duration of the bath 
is1 of course1 to be limited1 and a     
brisk rubbing with coarse linen cloths  
until the surface is in a glow will     
always be found sufficient to insure    
perfect safety from danger4 ,of course1 
the amount of medicine required by any  
man will depend upon his constitution as
 well as the lowness of his nervous     
system1 in some cases there being no    
occasion to administer even a purgative4
 ,but these are the times when the skill
 of the trainer is brought into         

requisition1 and if he knows his        
business he will in these instances give
 his man stimulating and generous diet1 
until he is enabled to undergo the      
necessary privations to get him into a  
proper state to be called upon to work  
to get into condition4 ,in no instance  
ought he to allow his man to sweat      
during the days on which he has taken a 
purgative1 as in many instances men have
 been thrown back in their preparation1 
or1 as it is professionally termed1     
8trained off40 ,the best test when all  
the superfluous flesh has been trained  
off by sweating1 by long walks or runs1 
as the case may be1 is taken from the   
fairness and brightness of the skin1    
which is a certain criterion of good    
health4 ,the quickness with which       
perspiration is dried on rubbing with   
towels1 sufficient leanness and hardness
 of the muscles1 is also the right test 
that reducing has been carried to the   
proper extent4     ,,training ,,for     
,,pedestrianism4   ,there being so many 

classes of individuals who may derive   
benefit from training1 each of whom have
 different modes of living1 and whose   
particular line of excellences are as   
different from each other as light from 
dark1 it must be patent to all that the 
same system carried out to the letter   
would not have the same beneficial      
effect on all1 the more especially in   
the dietary system1 which1 in almost    
every case1 would require some change1  
as no two men have ever scarcely been   
found to thrive equally well on a       
stereotyped rule4 ,the pedestrian alone 
comprises a class by itself1 which is   
subdivided into as many different       
ramifications as there are other sports 
and professions that require severe     
training2 therefore1 as pedestrianism is
 the groundwork of all training and all 
excellence in athletic games1 it is the 
intention to give the hints requisite   
for the man who is matched to get       
himself sufficiently well in bodily     
health and bodily power to undergo his  

practice with credit to himself and     
trainer1 and justice to his backers4 ,in
 all engagements for large amounts there
 is almost invariably a trainer engaged 
to attend to the man who is matched1 who
 is supposed to thoroughly understand   
his business2 therefore these few words 
are not intended for the guidance of    
those in the said position1 but for     
those who may wish to contend for       
superiority1 for honor1 or small profit4
 ,the same amount of work and strict    
regimen is not requisite for the sharp  
burst of a hundred yards or so1 that it 
is imperative on the trained man to     
undergo if in preparation for the more  
arduous struggle of a mile's duration2  
but1 as stated before1 the theory of the
 practice is the same4 ,westhall found  
that the more work he had taken at the  
commencement of his training1 after     
having undergone the requisite medical  
attention1 the easier and better his    
fast trials were accomplished when hard 
work was put on one side and daily      

practice took place against a watch4    
,yet he1 in pedestrian language1 could  
race up to a hundred and sixty yards1   
but not finish two hundred              
properly--could run three hundred yards 
and a quarter of a mile1 but yet not be 
equally good at three hundred and fifty4
 ,the same was found to be the case at  
the different distances up to a mile1   
which is the farthest distance he had   
practiced4 ,the first and primary aim   
ought to be the endeavor to prepare the 
body by gentle purgative medicines1 so  
as to cleanse the stomach1 bowels1 and  
tissues from all extraneous matter1     
which might interfere with his ability  
to undergo the extra exertion it is his 
lot to take before he is in a fit state 
to struggle through any arduous task    
with a good chance of success4 ,the     
number of purgatives recommended by     
trainers are legion1 but the simpler    
will always be found the best4 ,a couple
 of anti-bilious pills at night1 and    
salts and senna in the morning1 has     

answered every purpose4 ,it is          
reasonable1 however1 to suppose that    
anyone who has arrived at sufficient    
years to compete in a pedestrian contest
 has found out the proper remedies for  
his particular internal complaints4 ,the
 internal portion of the man's frame1   
therefore1 being in a healthy condition1
 the time has arrived when the athlete  
may commence his training in proper     
earnest2 and if he be bulky1 or of obese
 habit1 he has no light task before him4
 ,if he has to train for a long-distance
 match1 the preparation will be almost  
similar1 whether for walking or running4
 ,the work to be done depends very much 
on the time of year4 ,in the summer the 
man should rise at five in the morning1 
so that1 after having taken his bath1   
either shower or otherwise1 there will  
have been time for a slow walk of an    
hour's duration to have been taken      
before sitting down to breakfast--that  
is1 if the weather be favorable2 but if 
otherwise1 a bout at the dumb-bells1 or 

half an hour with a skipping-rope1      
swinging trapeze1 or vaulting-bar1 will 
be found not unfavorable as a good      
substitute4 ,many men can do without    
having any nourishment whatever before  
going for the morning's walk1 but these 
are exceptions to the rule4 ,most men   
who take the hour's walk before breaking
 their fast feel faint and weak in their
 work after breakfast1 at the           
commencement of their training1 and the 
blame is laid on the matutinal walk2    
when1 if a new-laid egg had been beaten 
in a good cup of tea1 and taken previous
 to going out1 no symptom of faintness  
would have been felt1 although it is    
expected some fatigue would be felt from
 the unwonted exertion4 ,the walk should
 be taken at such a pace that the skin  
does not become moist1 but have a good  
healthy glow on the surface1 and the man
 be at once ready for his breakfast at  
seven o'clock4 ,the breakfast should    
consist of a good mutton chop or cutlet1
 from half a pound upwards1 according to

 appetite1 with dry bread at least two  
days old1 or dry toast1 washed down with
 a cup or two of good tea 7about half a 
pint in all71 with but little and if    
possible no milk4 ,some give a glass of 
old ale with breakfast1 but it is at    
this time of the day too early to       
introduce any such stimulant4 ,after    
having rested for a sufficient time to  
have allowed the process of digestion to
 have taken place1 the time will have   
arrived for the work to commence which  
is to reduce the mass of fat which at   
this time impedes every hurried action  
of the muscle and blood-vessel4 ,this   
portion of the training requires great  
care and thought1 for the weight of     
clothing and distance accomplished at   
speed must be commensurate with the     
strength of the pedestrian4 ,at the     
commencement of the work a sharp walk of
 a couple of miles out1 and a smart run 
home1 is as much as will be advisable to
 risk4 ,on the safe arrival at the      
training quarters1 no time must be lost 

in getting rid of the wet clothes1 when 
a thorough rubbing should be            
administered1 after which he should lay 
between blankets1 and be rubbed from    
time to time until the skin is          
thoroughly dry4 ,most of the leading    
pedestrians of the day now1 when they   
come in from their run1 divest          
themselves of their reeking flannels1   
and jump under a cold shower-bath1 on   
emerging from which they are thoroughly 
rubbed down1 which at once destroys all 
feeling of fatigue or lassitude4 ,in a  
few days the pedestrian will be able to 
increase his distance to nearly double  
the first few attempts at a greater     
pace1 and with greater ease to himself4 
,after again dressing1 he must always be
 on the move1 and as the feeling of     
fatigue passes away he will be anxiously
 waiting for the summons to dinner1     
which should come about one o'clock1 and
 which should consist of a good plain   
joint of the best beef or mutton1 with  
stale bread or toast1 accompanied by a  

draught of good sound old ale1 the      
quantity of which1 however1 must be     
regulated by the judgment of the        
trainer4 ,it has been found of late     
years that extreme strictness in all    
cases should be put on one side1 and a  
small portion of fresh vegetables       
allowed1 such as fresh greens or        
potatoes2 and1 in some instances1 good  
light puddings have been found necessary
 to be added to the bill of fare when   
the appetite1 from severe work or other 
causes1 has been rendered more delicate 
than usual4  ,the continued use of meat 
and bread1 unless the man has a         
wonderful appetite and constitution1    
will once1 if not more1 in almost every 
man's training1 pall upon his palate1   
when the trainer should at once try the 
effect of poultry or game1 if possible2 
but1 at any rate1 not give the trained  
man an opportunity of strengthening his 
partial dislike to his previous fare4   
,in cases like these1 the only wrong    
thing is to persevere in the previous   

diet2 for if a man cannot tackle his    
food with a healthy appetite1 how is it 
possible that he can take his proper    
share of work8 ,the quantity of ale     
should not exceed a pint1 unless there  
has been a greater amount of work       
accomplished in the morning than usual1 
when a small drink of old ale at noon   
would be far from wrong policy1 and a   
good refresher to the imbiber4 ,wine in 
small quantities is sometimes           
beneficial1 but should not be taken at  
all when malt liquors are the standard  
drink4 ,if it is possible to do without 
wine1 the better4 ,the chief thing in   
diet is to find out what best agrees    
with the man1 and which in most         
instances will be found to be what he   
has been most used to previously4       
,illustration3 ,,celebrated             
,,single-,,scull ,,oarsmen1    #a4      
,chas4 ,e4 ,courtney4   #b4 ,w4 ,ross4  
#c4 ,jas4 ,h4 ,riley4   #d4 ,ed4        
,trickett4   #e4 ,ed4 ,hanlan4   #f4 ,e4
 ,c4 ,laycock4   #g4 ,warren ,smith4    

#h4 ,j4 ,higgins4   #i4 ,w4 ,elliott4   
,illustration3 ,,frank ,,hart1 ,second  
,winner of the ,o',leary ,champion      
,american ,belt4  ,after a thorough rest
 of an hour's duration1 the pedestrian  
should stroll about for an hour or two1 
and then1 divesting himself of his      
ordinary attire1 don his racing gear and
 shoes1 and practice his distance1 or1  
at any rate1 some portion of the same1  
whether he is training either for       
running or walking4 ,this portion of the
 day's work must be regulated by the    
judgment and advice of the trainer1 who 
of course is the holder of the watch by 
which the athlete is timed1 and is the  
only person capable of knowing how far  
towards success the trained man has     
progressed in his preparation4 ,it is   
impossible for the pedestrian to judge  
by his own feelings how he is performing
 or has performed1 in consequence of1   
perhaps1 being stiff from his work1 weak
 from reducing1 or jaded from want of   
rest4 ,the trainer should encourage his 

man when going through his trial        
successfully1 but stop him when making  
bad time1 if he is assured the tried man
 is using the proper exertion4 ,the rule
 of always stopping him when the        
pedestrian has all his power out1 and   
yet the watch shows the pace is not 8up 
to the mark10 should never be broken2   
for the man who so struggles1 however   
game he may be1 or however well in      
health1 takes more of the steel out of  
himself than days of careful nursing    
will restore4 ,if stopped in time1      
another trial may be attempted on the   
following day1 or1 at any rate1 the next
 but one4 ,in a trial for a sprint race1
 which of course must be run through to 
know the time1 if the day is any way    
near at hand1 suppose a week or ten days
 off1 total rest should be taken the    
following day until the afternoon1 when 
another trial should take place1 when a 
difference in favor of the pedestrian   
will in most instances be found to have 
been accomplished4 ,in ,westhall's      

experience in sprint racing there has   
been invariably the above successful    
result4 ,of course1 after the trial a   
good hand rubbing should be             
administered1 and the work of the day be
 considered at an end4 ,tea-time will   
now have arrived1 and the meal should   
consist of stale bread or toast and tea1
 as at breakfast1 and1 if the man has a 
good appetite1 a new-laid egg or two may
 be added with advantage4 ,in the summer
 a gentle walk will assist to pass away 
the time until bed-time1 which should be
 at an early hour4 ,before getting into 
bed another good rubbing should be      
administered1 and the man left to his   
repose1 which will in most cases be of  
the most sound and refreshing character4
     ,,sleep4   ,of this eight hours is 
an outside limit1 and from six to seven 
will generally be found sufficient1     
retiring to rest not later than #aa ,p4 
,m41 and rising from about #f a4 m4 to  
#g4cj4 ,a4 ,m41 according to            
circumstances4 ,the bedroom window      

should always be kept open at top and   
bottom1 slightly in winter and wide in  
summer4 ,foul air generated by the human
 breath is never more hurtful than in a 
bedroom4 ,too much clothing should not  
be placed over the chest whilst         
sleeping1 as by so doing respiration is 
more labored1 and the legs and          
extremities1 not the trunk1 require     
extra covering for purposes of warmth4  
,a mattress should be always used to    
sleep on1 never a feather bed4 ,high    
pillows and bolsters are very injurious4
 ,the natural height to which the head  
should be raised in sleep is about the  
thickness of the upper portion of the   
arm1 which constitutes the pillow as    
designed by nature4     ,,clothing4     
,flannel should be worn next the skin   
throughout the year1 but beyond this no 
restriction is necessary when in mufti4 
,the best attire for running is a pair  
of thin merino or silk drawers1 reaching
 to the knee and confined round the     
waist by a broad1 elastic band4 ,for the

 upper part of the body a thin merino or
 silk ,jersey is the best4 ,no covering 
for the head is usually worn1 but1 in a 
race of such long duration as a seven   
miles walking or ten miles running      
contest1 it is advisable to wear a cap  
or straw hat if the rays of the sun are 
very powerful4 ,for running1 thin shoes 
made of ,french calf1 and fitting the   
foot like a kid glove when laced up1 are
 worn4 ,the sole should be thicker than 
the heel1 and contain four or five      
spikes1 the lacing being continued      
almost down to the toe4 ,for walking    
races1 the heel should be thicker than  
the sole1 and containing a few          
sparrow-bill nails1 none being required 
in the toes4 ,chamois leather socks1    
just covering the toes1 but not reaching
 above the top of the shoe1 are the best
 adapted for running4 ,ordinary merino  
socks1 but not thick and heavy like     
worsted ones1 and worn over the chamois 
leather coverings1 are the best for     
walking1 as they prevent the dust and   

grit raised from the path from getting  
between the shoe and the foot4 ,except  
for sweating purposes1 heavy clothing   
should never be worn in practice1 the   
gait and stride being much impeded      
thereby4 ,a piece of cork of an         
elongated1 egg shape should be grasped  
in each hand while walking or running4  
,,time ,,and ,,duration ,,of ,,training 
,,for ,,running4   ,the foregoing are   
the foundation rules which constitute   
training1 but of course they require    
modification according to circumstances1
 which must be left to the judgment of  
the pedestrian or the trainer1 if he has
 that necessary auxiliary to getting    
into good condition4 ,for instance1 the 
man has had too much sweating and forced
 work1 in consequence of which he is    
getting weak1 and1 in the professional  
term1 8training off40 ,this will easily 
be recognized by the muscles getting    
flaccid and sunken1 with patches of red 
appearing in different portions of the  
body1 and the man suffering from a      

continual and unquenchable thirst4      
,these well-known symptoms tell the     
trainer that rest must be given to the  
pedestrian1 as well as a relaxation from
 the strict rule of diet4 ,a couple of  
days' release from hard work will in    
most cases prove successful in allaying 
the unwelcome symptoms1 and far         
preferable to flying to purgatives for  
relief4  ,the space of time which will  
be required by a young and healthy man  
will be from six weeks to a couple of   
months2 but longer than this1 if        
possible1 would be preferable--not that 
it would be really wanted to improve on 
the mere physical condition of the man1 
but to enable the pedestrian1 when able1
 to go to any limit as regards exertion1
 and to have time for practice at his   
particular length2 for1 however fit a   
man may be as regards the proper        
leanness1 if unpractised he would have  
no chance of success4 ,the principal    
rules of training1 therefore1 are       
regularity1 moderate work1 and          

abstinence2 the other adjuncts are but  
the necessary embellishments to the     
other useful rules4 ,when training for  
running a long distance--say from four  
to ten miles--the man should most       
decidedly practice daily2 for the       
shorter length going the whole distance1
 and for the longer vary the distance1  
according to the state of health on the 
day1 as well as whether the weather be  
fine or otherwise4 ,for a short race of 
a hundred or two hundred yards1 the     
pedestrian1 after the body is in good   
health1 does not require very much      
severe work1 but the distance must be   
accomplished at top speed at least once 
daily1 and about the same time of the   
day that the match will take place1 if  
possible4 ,the same rules1 with         
comparatively more work1 will apply up  
to #ddj yards--a quarter of a           
mile--after which distance more work    
becomes necessary4     ,,sprint         
,,running4   ,let the novice1 some five 
weeks or so before the day of his race1 

begin his practice by a steady run1     
three or four times a day1 of a quarter 
of a mile or so2 so gently at first as  
to produce no stiffness of the muscles  
when the temperature produced by the    
exercise has subsided1 and the          
circulation has recovered its usual     
condition4 ,when the novice has got his 
legs into moderate good fettle1 so that 
they could stand a little sharp work1 he
 might quicken up for about #ej yards in
 each of his quarter spins2 and as he   
finds these spins can be accomplished   
without the slightest strain on any     
muscle1 the long distances may be       
condensed into two a day1 and two       
sprints of his distance at about a fifth
 longer time than he would take in the  
race4 ,by this means the muscles get    
worked up by degrees to bear the        
necessary strain required4  ,as he finds
 his muscles become hard and flexible1  
he should lessen the length of his spins
 until they are of the same length as in
 the race4 ,this point will be arrived  

at some nine days or so before the day1 
and in these nine days all his energies 
must be devoted to practicing starts and
 getting quickly into stride4 ,as the   
day approaches1 let him obtain the      
services of some sprint runner to use as
 a trial horse2 and the best way of     
turning his trial horse to account is by
 making him start slowly some #aj yards 
in the rear1 and1 as he passes the      
novice1 who is ready at the scratch1 let
 him quicken up into racing pace for    
about #ej yards4 ,by this means the     
novice is encouraged to get off quickly1
 and a surer line can be taken as to    
improvement in starting than if the     
trial and himself started on even terms4
 ,again1 the tendency of all young      
runners to watch their adversary at the 
start is counteracted1 the opponent in  
this way being in advance1 with a       
straight course only left open for the  
novice to the goal4 ,so many sprinters1 
from standing in a wrong position at the
 scratch1 or from taking a longer stride

 with one leg than the other1 jostle or 
run across their opponent in the spin1  
thereby either losing their own chance  
of success or depriving others of it4 ,a
 bad beginning makes a bad end1 and     
nothing is so detrimental to a sprinter 
as a bad start4 ,he may get shut out1 he
 loses his stride1 or perhaps get spiked
 by the man who has crossed him2 and    
when he does get into proper swing1 he  
is too far behind to be able to make up 
what was lost at the beginning4 ,avoid  
walking long distances2 they rather tend
 to stiffen the muscles and make them   
slow4 ,never miss your race2 if you can 
only get one spin daily1 make the most  
of it4 ,always run in form--that is to  
say1 as you would in the race1 on your  
toes1 with an easy1 springing action of 
the thighs4 ,in the race keep your eyes 
well on the tape1 and never lessen your 
pace when in front1 or let misgivings   
disturb you when behind2 your opponent  
may have the pace of you and not be able
 to stay4 ,it is better to be a good    

second than nowhere4 ,every race you    
engage in will increase your experience 
and give you confidence for the next    
time4 ,good time for #ajj yards ranges  
from #aa seconds to #aj1 according to   
the ground1 c4 ,the top speed is seldom 
obtained until #dj yards are covered4 ,a
 good sprinter will generally beat two  
others in #bjj yards1 each to run #ajj  
yards with him on end4 ,for sprinting1  
wind is not such a desideratum as       
elasticity of muscle4 ,the shorter the  
distance1 the greater care and practice 
should be made in starting2 the longer  
you have to sprint1 the greater will be 
the necessity for working up the        
muscles4 ,in practice1 run with as      
slight clothing on as possible2 buff is 
to be preferred4 ,the action of the air 
on the skin keeps up a healthy flow of  
blood to the surface1 and will do more  
towards a beneficial reduction of weight
 than any amount of sweatings1 baths1 or
 other appliances of the old school4    
,,quarter ,,and ,,half ,,mile ,,running4

   ,a quarter of a mile is1 perhaps1    
next to the #cjj yards1 the most        
patronized of any4 ,assuming our trainee
 to be in robust health1 the muscles    
should be gradually accustomed to the   
exercise by slow spins of half a mile   
each1 two or three times a day1 taking  
about from #cmin4 to #bmin4 #besec41    
according to the individual1 to do it4  
,when the distance is accomplished with 
comparative ease1 practice style and    
pace for about #cjj yards to #cej yards 
to within about a week of the race1 when
 the whole distance may be run1 two or  
three times at top speed for #djj yards1
 slower the last #dj4 ,ease up the      
practice in the last three days1 merely 
working up pace for #ajj yards or so4   
,the same method of training will suit  
the half mile runner1 with the exception
 of his spins being longer1 and more    
attention paid to an equal pace of      
going4 ,the quarter requires more speed 
than the half mile2 consequently that   
point must be attended to4 ,a steady1   

machine-like style of going pays best   
for the half mile runner4     ,,one     
,,mile ,,running ,,and ,,upwards4   ,in 
practicing for a mile race and upwards1 
a long1 steady course of slow running   
must be gone through to get the limbs   
and the wind gradually accustomed to the
 work4 ,as they improve1 quicken your   
pace1 and for mile running practice half
 a mile or so in about #bmin4 #bjsec41  
until the wind becomes good2 then       
lengthen the daily spins to             
three-quarters of a mile fast1 and the  
last quarter slowly4 ,never do much work
 the last few days1 but have a few fast 
spins of #cjj yards or so1 to keep the  
muscles in form4 ,in longer distance    
training1 the same steady practice must 
be followed1 with this exception1 that1 
instead of practicing pace1 rather get  
the condition of wind and muscle up as  
high as practicable1 and reserve your   
energies for the day of the race4       
,,hurdle ,,racing4   ,the usual hurdle  
race distance is #abj yards1 with #aj   

flights of hurdles #c;ft4 #f;in4 high   
and #aj yards apart4 ,this gives a run  
of #ae yards at both ends4 ,the quickest
 way of getting over them is by taking  
them in stride1 or technically bucking  
them4 ,if the ground is firm and level1 
this can be done1 and three strides will
 take the jumper from hurdle to hurdle1 
the fourth taking him over4 ,should the 
ground be uneven1 slippery or heavy1    
great care is required in bucking them4 
,touching the top bar will inevitably be
 followed by a fall or a stumble        
sufficient to put the jumper out of the 
race4 ,in bucking1 the spring is taken  
from one leg1 and the alight comes on   
the other2 so that the jump1 instead of 
being an actual interruption of the     
regular strides1 as happens when the    
spring and the alight come on the same  
leg1 is merely an exaggerated stride4   
,the advantage of bucking is apparent to
 anyone who has tried both systems under
 favorable circumstances1 and who is    
strong enough to bear the strain which  

the high hurdles require4 ,the lower the
 hurdles are1 the greater is the        
superiority of bucking over jumping4 ,to
 acquire the art of taking the hurdles  
in stride1 practice over jumps about    
#b;ft4 #f;in4 high1 at the proper       
distance apart1 until the style is      
learnt4  ,illustration3 ,,harry         
,,vaughan1 ,the ,famous ,english        
,long-distance ,walker4  ,illustration3 
,,john ,,hughes1 ,first ,winner         
,o',leary ,international ,belt4         
,illustration3 ,,dan',l ,o',,leary4     
,,hints ,,in1 ,,before1 ,,and ,,after   
,,the ,,race4   ,in sprinting1 a good   
start is of such importance that we     
would suggest a careful practice in it4 
,it is a curious fact that a novice will
 invariably start with one foot a yard  
or so behind the other1 either with the 
body bent down low1 or with the body    
erect1 and swinging the arms as if they 
were the means of propulsion about to be
 trusted to4 ,in the former case1 he    
runs one yard more than his distance1 in

 the latter he exhausts and unsteadies  
himself4 ,start with both feet within   
six inches of one another1 the weight of
 the body resting on that foot which is 
farthest from the scratch1 and the toe  
on the side nearest the goal1 just      
touching the ground1 and ready to take  
the first step over the mark2 the body  
must be kept well up1 so that the first 
spring is taken steadily and in a       
straight line4 ,as this method is the   
quickest for getting off the mark1 it   
will apply to every description of      
pedestrianism4  ,before any contest1    
when you are stripped1 take a trot to   
get the limbs into order and keep them  
warm2 the muscles will be less likely to
 get strained if well heated beforehand4
 ,in running with a chicken-hearted man1
 race at him1 and1 if you feel done1    
fancy that he feels worse4 ,run as      
straight to the goal as possible2 it is 
the nearest way home1 and therefore the 
quickest4 ,the arms should be kept well 
up1 and moved in the direction of the   

course1 and not swung across the body4  
,any scrambling in the race is fatal to 
a good walker2 the motion of his legs   
should be mechanical4 ,in walking races1
 if a stitch bothers you1 keep well on1 
and try and forget it2 it will never    
last long if you are in good condition4 
,in a race with heats1 after a heat lie 
down on your back1 and keep the legs    
raised up1 in order that the blood      
forced into the extremities by the      
exercise may be assisted by its own     
gravity to return to the trunk4 ,rest is
 the best cure for a strain1 and is much
 assisted by cold water application4 ,in
 a strain of the internal organs1 their 
complexity renders repair a more        
difficult operation1 as they do not     
allow of repose2 recourse should        
therefore be had to a physician4        
,running on the toes on a path is to be 
recommended1 as enabling a longer stride
 to be taken1 and giving an easier      
motion to the body1 and less jar at each
 step4 ,in heavy ground1 however1 it is 

of little use1 as the sinking of the toe
 in the soil interferes with the spring1
 and necessitates a larger surface of   
the foot to get a purchase for the next 
stride4  ,never in practice run with    
many clothes on2 if the weather is cold1
 clothe in proportion4 ,the action of   
the air on the skin increases its       
healthy vigor4 ,a piece of cork is often
 held in each hand to grasp while       
running4 ,in a long distance race1      
rinsing the mouth out with warm tea with
 a little brandy in it1 and munching a  
crust1 will often take away any dryness 
of throat4 ,never commence fast         
sprinting in practice unless the muscles
 are thoroughly warm4 ,strains would    
seldom happen if this was attended to4  
,fruit fresh picked is not to be        
discarded4 ,a small quantity1 when ripe1
 will often give tone to the stomach and
 cool the blood4 ,of dried fruits1 figs 
are supposed to be the most serviceable4
     ,,training ,,practice1 ,,fair      
,,walking1 ,,etc4   ,walking is the most

 useful and at the same time most abused
 branch of athletic sports2 not so much 
from the fault of the pedestrians as    
from the inability or want of courage of
 the judge or referee to stop the man   
who1 in his eagerness for fame or       
determination to gain money anyhow1 may 
trespass upon fair walking1 and run4    
,walking is a succession of steps1 not  
leaps1 and with one foot always on the  
ground4 ,the term 8fair toe and heel0   
was meant to infer that1 as the foot of 
the back leg left the ground1 and before
 the toes had been lifted1 the heel of  
the foremost-foot should be on the      
ground4 ,even this apparently simple    
rule is broken almost daily1 in         
consequence of the pedestrian performing
 with a bent and loose knee1 in which   
case the swing of his whole frame when  
going at any pace will invariably bring 
both feet off the ground at the same    
time2 and although he is going heel and 
toe1 he is not taking the required      
succession of steps1 but is infringing  

the great and principal one1 of one foot
 being continually on the ground4 ,the  
same fault will be brought on by the    
pedestrian leaning forward with his     
body1 and thereby leaning his weight on 
the front foot1 which1 when any great   
pace is intended1 or the performer      
begins to be fatigued1 first merges into
 a very short stride1 and then into a   
most undignified trot4 ,there is no     
finer sight among the long catalogue of 
athletic sports1 more exhilarating and  
amusing to the true sportsman1 than to  
see a walking-match carried out to the  
strict letter of the meaning1 each      
moving with the grandest action of which
 the human frame is capable1 at a pace  
which the feeble frame and mind is      
totally unable to comprehend1 and must  
be witnessed to be believed4 ,to be a   
good and fair walker1 according to the  
recognized rule among the modern school1
 the attitude should be upright1 or     
nearly so1 with the shoulders well back1
 and the arms1 when in motion1 held well

 up in a bent position1 and at every    
stride swing with the movement of the   
legs1 well across the chest1 which      
should be well thrown out4 ,the loins   
should be slack1 to give plenty of      
freedom to the hips1 and the leg        
perfectly straight1 thrown out from the 
hip boldly1 directly in front of the    
body1 and allowed to reach the ground   
with the heel being decidedly the first 
portion of the foot to meet it4 ,the    
movement of the arms1 as above directed1
 will keep the balance of the body1 and 
bring the other leg from the ground1    
when1 the same conduct being pursued1   
the tyro will have accomplished the     
principal and most difficult portion of 
his rudiments4 ,this will in a very     
short time become natural to him1 and   
the difficulty will be the infringement 
of the correct manner4 ,the novice      
having learned how to walk1 and being   
matched1 requires training1 which must  
be under the same rules as have been    
laid down previously1 with the          

difference1 however1 that his sweats    
must be taken at his best walking-pace1 
the trot by all means being totally     
barred4 ,a continued perseverance in the
 practice of this rule will enable the  
pedestrian to persevere1 notwithstanding
 all the shin-aches1 stitches1 and other
 pains attendant on the proper training 
for a walking-match1 and which every man
 must undergo before he can be          
considered worthy of being looked upon  
as a fast and fair walker4 ,the tyro    
must not be discouraged with his first  
feeble and uncertain attempts if they   
should not come up to his crude         
anticipations1 but bear in mind that1   
although the accomplished pedestrian    
goes through his apportioned task with  
great apparent ease1 he has gone through
 the rudiments1 and that nothing but    
great practice has enabled him to       
perform the apparent impossibilities    
which are successfully overcome almost  
daily4 ,therefore the young walker must 
take for his motto 8,perseverance10 and 

act up to the same by continued         
practice4 ,the man training for a match 
should walk some portion of his         
distance1 if weather permits1 daily1 in 
his walking-dress1 which should consist 
of a light elastic shirt1 short drawers1
 and light ,oxford ties4 ,on starting1  
he must go off at his very best pace1   
and continue it for at least three      
hundred yards or a quarter of a mile1 by
 which time he will have begun to blow  
very freely1 and then1 getting into a   
good1 long1 regular stride1 his         
principal aim must be to keep his legs  
well in advance of his body4  ,the rule 
of getting away fast in trials should be
 invariably carried out2 it prepares the
 man for a sharp tussle with his        
opponent for the lead1 and will hinder  
him being taken off his legs in the     
match4 ,when tired he can also ease his 
exertions2 but if he is in the habit of 
going off at a steady gait1 in the      
generality of instances he is virtually 
defeated in a match before he has       

commenced racing4 ,moreover1 he must1   
when undergoing distress from the pace  
he has been doing1 never by any chance  
cease his resolute and ding-dong action2
 for distress1 if once given way to by  
easing1 will of course leave the        
sufferer1 but at the same time all speed
 has also departed1 and not for a short 
space of time either1 but sufficiently  
long for the gamer man1 who would not   
succumb to the inevitable result of     
continued severe exertion1 to obtain    
such an advantage as would be           
irrecoverable1 as well as to conquer the
 aches and pains which invariably leave 
the well-trained pedestrian when the    
circulation and respiration become      
equalized--8second wind0 it is better   
known by4 ,after this happy and enviable
 stage of affairs has been reached the  
work becomes mechanical1 and the        
pedestrian from time to time is enabled 
to put on spurts and dashed that would  
astonish himself at any other time when 
not up to thorough concert pitch4 ,the  

recovery from these electrifying dashes 
is almost instantaneous1 and the        
pedestrian keeps on his satisfactory    
career until sheer fatigue gradually    
diminishes his speed1 although none of  
the previous aches and pains are        
present4 ,the trainer must not forget   
the previously-mentioned rule of        
stopping the man when good time is not  
the result of his best and hardest      
exertions1 as that bad time proves      
unerringly that something must be amiss 
which requires looking to thoroughly4   
,as well might the engineer of a        
locomotive1 on finding out that some of 
the internal works of his engine were   
out of gear1 put on all his steam1 and  
then wonder at the machinery being out  
of order at a future time of trial4     
,one word more4 ,let the man continually
 bear in mind that 8it is the pace that 
kills10 and that slow walking never made
 a fast race or fast man2 let him       
practice at his best pace1 which will   
daily improve4 ,the commencement of fast

 work will most likely bring on pain of 
the shins1 which will be sore after the 
exertion has been discontinued1 as well 
as other portions of the frame being in 
the same predicament4 ,hand-rubbing with
 a stimulating embrocation 7of which the
 recipe is appended7 before a good fire 
will in most instances be all that is   
required2 but if obstinate1 a hot bath  
will insure the removal of all the      
obstinate twitches1 etc4 ,the shoes for 
match-walking should be of the lightest 
description commensurate with strength  
for the distance required4 ,they should 
be of sufficient width and length to    
give the muscles and tendons of the foot
 full play1 without being in the        
slightest degree cramped4 ,they should  
be laced up the front1 and care taken   
that the lace is sound and new4 ,so much
 importance is attached to this1 that   
stout wax-ends are now invariably in    
use4 ,some advocate the use of boots2   
but1 although stated to be useful if    
there is any weakness of the ankle--a   

pedestrian with weak ankles6--is there  
no cold water8--the heat generated by   
them would certainly counterbalance the 
supposed benefit2 and there is the      
difference in the weight1 which would   
tell at the finish of a long match4     
,,high ,,jumping4   ,begin by gentle    
runs of about three hundred yards1 with 
a few low jumps1 say ten1 about three   
feet high4 ,practice over these jumps   
for a few days until the stiffness of   
the muscles wears off1 and then         
gradually raise them to four feet or    
four feet six inches4 ,if this height   
cannot be cleared easily1 place the     
jumps at the most suitable height4 ,care
 must be taken to do them quickly and   
neatly4 ,the run between may be slow1   
but the jumps should always be taken    
with a quick spring1 landing on both    
feet every time4 ,if this modus operandi
 is paid attention to1 the muscles will 
soon become accustomed to the sharp     
contraction required1 and the legs will1
 by keeping them well together over low 

jumps and alighting on both feet1 lose  
their tendency to straddle when a higher
 jump than usual is attempted4  ,some1  
when in practice for high jumps1        
strengthen their muscles by standing on 
one leg and lowering the body down until
 the hams touch the heels1 and then     
raising themselves up gradually again4  
,this action1 however much it may be    
beneficial to the sinews1 cannot but    
give them a tendency to be slow1 which  
should be avoided as much as possible4  
,a heavy coat1 with a weight in both    
pockets1 is of some service to those    
athletes stripped and ready to compete1 
as a great sense of lightness and       
elasticity is imparted to the frame on  
its removal4 ,the heavy coat should     
never be worn except in the few minutes 
preceding the trial1 as by constant use 
the good effects wear off4 ,always have 
a soft place to alight upon1 as it not  
only eases the jar of the jump1 but     
gives a jumper more confidence when he  
feels secure from the chances of a twist

 of the ankles on touching the ground4  
,hard turf1 with very fine ashes rolled 
in until the surface is quite level1    
makes the best fair taking-off place    
both for high and broad jumping4        
,,broad ,,jumping4   ,begin with a few  
jumps about twelve feet or so1 taking   
your run for them slowly1 starting about
 twenty yards off and quickening in the 
last few strides4 ,the great object to  
be guarded against is taking off to far 
from the mark1 or getting out of step in
 the run2 this can only be obviated by  
practicing at a certain distance until  
the necessary swing of the last few     
strides is acquired4 ,the run to the    
jump cannot be too fast2 in the air the 
legs should be raised as in going over a
 high jump1 and thrown as far forward on
 landing as can be done with both heels 
close together4 ,no fear need be        
entertained of falling back on alighting
 if the run is sufficiently fast and the
 landing place level and soft2 the      
impetus derived from the run gives the  

heaviest part of the jumper1 the trunk1 
sufficient momentum to carry itself     
forward when the progress of the feet   
and legs is arrested4 ,the landing place
 should be soft to the depth of eight   
inches1 and sufficiently binding to show
 the marks of the heels clearly on      
alighting2 clay and mould mixed make the
 best landing ground4 ,a soft place to  
jump on will prevent any jar to the     
knees1 and will give the jumper more    
confidence4 ,the concussion caused by   
landing on hard ground may sometimes    
cause a serious accident4               
,illustration3 ,,six-,,day              
,,pedestrians4    #a4 ,j4 ,dobler1      
#b4 ,s4 ,merritt1        #c4 ,geo4      
,hazael1   #d4 ,f4 ,khrone1        #e4  
,p4 ,j4 ,panchott1    #f4 ,wm4 ,dutcher1
   #g4 ,nick ,murphy1      #h4 ,norman  
,taylor1     #i4 ,george ,guyon4        
,illustration3 ,w4 ,,gibb1 ,who ran ten 
miles in #edmin1 #disec41 ,london1      
,england4     ,,hammer ,,throwing4      
,the muscles of the loins and back are  

the ones principally brought into play  
in hammer throwing1 and by their        
development they become extremely       
serviceable in assisting the spine to   
bear the upper portions of the body4    
,the practice of this kind of exercise  
must1 therefore1 be beneficial to those 
whose lungs and heart are too delicate  
to stand any of those sports1 such as   
rowing1 running1 etc41 which so         
particularly tax their working powers4  
,commence practicing with a hammer about
 #glb41 until the art of swinging while 
running is acquired2 to learn this the  
run should be taken at first only six or
 seven yards from the scratch2 before   
the run swing the hammer well1 like a   
pendulum1 in the direction of the mark  
two or three times1 until it has        
acquired a good momentum1 and then      
start1 taking1 at the first few         
attempts1 one turn only in the run2     
afterwards1 as the practice becomes     
easier1 two turns can be made1 and the  
runs lengthened in proportion4 ,some    

athletes1 however1 take three or four   
turns1 but1 as a rule1 two will be found
 sufficient4 ,between the turns1 run as 
far towards the scratch as possible1    
taking long1 even strides to acquire a  
good impetus1 and keeping up the        
centrifugal force of the hammer by      
swinging it well round low1 and in a    
plane at right angles to the body4 ,the 
arms should be kept quite straight the  
whole time1 merely acting as if they    
were a prolongation of the handle4 ,the 
work is done by the muscles of the back 
and loins1 and in delivering the hammer 
at the scratch the athlete should1 above
 all things1 bear in mind that he does  
not lift it as if lifting to leg4 ,the  
8devil0 must be put into the swing as   
the hammer descends in the last half of 
the turn1 so that the force has         
culminated by the time the hammer is    
crossing the line parallel to the       
scratch1 where it must be let go1 the   
body at the same moment being thrown    
back to counteract the impetus of the   

swing4 ,the hammer should describe a    
curve at its highest point of not more  
than #aa or #ab feet from the ground4   
,avoid pulling at the handle in the run1
 and increase the pace and swing at each
 successive turn4 ,the farthest throw of
 the #aalb4 hammer1 #c feet handle1 on  
record1 is #agf feet4 ,the #bblb4 hammer
 has been thrown over #id feet4         
,,putting ,,the ,,stone4   ,balance the 
body on the right leg1 the left side    
turned towards the scratch1 the right   
foot being placed as near the seven-foot
 mark as possible1 and the right hand   
balancing the weight1 with the knuckles 
close to the shoulder2 raise the weight 
up to the full stretch of the arm two or
 three times1 till the muscles get into 
play1 still keeping the weight of the   
body thrown on to the right leg1 the    
left foot touching the ground slightly2 
when the balance of the body is         
obtained1 hop three feet towards the    
mark1 and then spring up sharply to the 
scratch line1 throwing the weight away  

at the same moment1 and bringing the    
right leg down1 with the toe touching   
the scratch line and the right side of  
the body to the mark4 ,by this means the
 follow of the body after the weight is 
prevented1 and1 by bringing the right   
leg forward at the moment of throwing1  
the whole force of the thighs are       
brought into play1 and the muscles of   
the loins assist in the sudden turn of  
the body from left to right4 ,the weight
 must be held on the lowest joints of   
the fingers and the palm of the hand1   
the wrist being kept as stiff as        
possible1 and all tendency to throw it  
as a ball avoided4 ,a heave is not so   
effective as a quick jump1 with the     
muscles concentrated at the same moment4
 ,the quicker the hop and the throw are 
made1 the further the distance put1     
provided that the balance is not lost4  
,any delay between the first hop and the
 final spring is fatal4 ,in delivering  
the weight1 let it be put upwards--that 
is to say1 aim to hit an object about   

fourteen feet above the spot where the  
weight will pitch4 ,the further the     
weight has to be put1 the higher must be
 the elevation4 ,no exercise is a       
greater proof of strength than this4    
,very little skill is required2 and when
 once the way of putting is learnt1 it  
seldom happens that a strong man gets   
beaten by the knack of a weaker         
antagonist4  ,the ankle is the part most
 likely to suffer1 from the fact of     
having to spring with the whole of the  
body1 and the addition of the weight4   
,to practice1 a cricket ball may be used
 instead of a heavy weight1 and the     
spring made as before1 with the delivery
 of the ball4 ,after a little practice1 
a heavier weight may be tried until the 
one required can be put properly4 ,the  
best 8puts0 on record are for the #bblb4
 weight over #cf feet1 and for the      
#aflb4 over #da feet4     ,,training    
,,for ,,rowing1 ,,etc4   ,the present   
work is not intended for the guidance of
 professional oarsmen1 or those who may 

row for large stakes1 and who1 when     
matched1 leave their usual occupations  
and devote their energies to the better 
observance of the stricter rules of     
training4 ,such men invariably have a   
mentor worthy of following1 and whose   
knowledge of right and wrong will lead  
them to success or otherwise1 as the    
fates may dispose4 ,the amateur1        
however1 must be treated more gently and
 with more attention than the sturdier  
and hardier professional1 or those who  
may have made the river and adjuncts    
their capital in their struggle through 
the world for a subsistence4 ,the       
amateur1 when he has an engagement      
before him1 should take into            
consideration the time he has allowed   
him to train1 and the mode of proceeding
 will depend in a great measure on the  
condition and previous habits of the man
 engaged4 ,if a man is fleshy and of a  
full habit of body1 a dose or two of    
mild purgative medicine should be taken1
 and slow walking exercise only taken on

 the day the doses have been            
administered4 ,after the medicine has   
done its duty1 if the amateur is very   
fleshy1 a ,turkish bath or two may be   
taken with advantage1 the usual         
precautions against cold being used4    
,the subject1 after one or two of these 
sweats1 is prepared for more arduous    
work1 which may be taken at a fair pace 
in the form of good sharp runs and fast 
walks1 which1 like all other trainings1 
will become easier of accomplishment at 
each repetition4  ,the above work1 with 
rowing exercise1 will infallibly bring  
the practitioner1 if continued for any  
time1 into a proper condition to contend
 with confidence and success in any     
rowing contest4  ,he must rise at five  
in the summer1 and after his bath       
7cold71 and having been well rubbed     
down1 a good sharp walk of about a mile 
out and a rattling spin taken by running
 home1 when another good rub will be    
rendered imperative ,should the run not 
be taken1 a row of a couple of miles at 

three parts speed must be accomplished4 
,when thoroughly cooled down1 breakfast 
should be taken1 which should consist of
 good wholesome meat 7either broiled    
mutton-chops or steak1 with no          
seasoning71 stale bread or toast1 and   
tea4 ,when dinner can be taken at       
mid-day1 say about one ,p4 ,m41 it is   
better1 and should consist1 like the    
breakfast1 of good wholesome roast meat1
 with no vegetable except a mealy       
potato1 stale bread1 and not more than a
 pint of really good sound ale 7old1 if 
palatable to the drinker1 the best72    
some prefer sherry1 but1 although       
agreeing with a few1 the ale1 as a rule1
 is more strengthening and wholesome4   
,the row should be taken before tea1    
which should then be of the same viands 
and liquids as the breakfast4 ,the above
 rules1 of course1 are open to          
alteration1 according to circumstances1 
and the diet varied successfully by the 
introduction of fowls1 either roast or  
boiled--the latter preferred--and when  

there is any indication of training off1
 a small portion of green-meat1 in the  
shape of sound cabbage or any fresh     
vegetable in season4 ,the last food     
before retiring to rest should be either
 about half a-pint of thin gruel or a   
glass of ale with dry toast4 ,the other 
portion of the day's training must be   
left to circumstances2 but it must never
 be lost sight of that sharp work1      
regularity and cleanliness are the chief
 if not the only rules to be followed to
 produce thorough good condition4 ,the  
use of the bath should never by any     
chance be missed4 ,nothing is more      
injurious to the wind1 etc41 than hard  
rowing on a full stomach1 the ill       
effects of which1 although scarcely felt
 at the time1 have at a more remote     
time1 in many instances1 proved to be   
the germ of serious disorders4  ,in     
rowing1 the legs1 loins1 trunk1 arms1   
hands1 the digestive organs and the     
lungs are made to perform their regular 
and legitimate functions simultaneously1

 and the danger of building up one part 
of the system at the expense of another 
thereby avoided1 and to the recognition 
of these facts is ascribed the          
popularity of aquatic sports here and   
abroad4 ,but it is not always convenient
 for large numbers of our people to     
indulge in this healthful pastime2 the  
expense of owning and keeping a boat1   
the difficulty of reaching an acceptable
 place for rowing1 no less than the     
dangers incident to inexperienced       
oarsmen upon the water1 are drawbacks   
which can only be met by the            
substitution of a machine giving all the
 advantages without the disagreeable    
accessories2 to this end several        
machines have been introduced to public 
notice1 but none have filled all the    
requirements until by careful           
observation of the defects of former    
attempts the ,eureka ,parlor ,rowing    
,machine was introduced1 which gives an 
exact and perfect imitation of rowing4  
,it teaches to feather the oar          

correctly1 it gives the dip of the oar1 
it has the sliding seat1 it can be      
regulated for heavy or light1 short or  
long stroke1 and is manufactured for    
either open or cross-handed rowing1 and 
the pressure can be changed to suit the 
weak or the strong4     ,,more          
,,information ,,about ,,training ,,for  
,,rowing4   ,for the further information
 of those who cannot have too much of a 
good thing as to the preparation for    
rowing a race1 we subjoin the latest    
ideas of modern authorities upon the    
subject4     ,,josh ,,ward',s ,,system  
,,of ,,training4   ,the following rules1
 from the pen of ,josh ,ward1           
ex-champion sculler and captain of the  
,ward crew1 which among their other     
achievements won the ,international     
four-oared race at ,saratoga in #ahga1  
will be first-class authority3  ,first1 
be sure that the men are in perfect     
health1 so that they will be able to    
stand the work which they are about to  
commence4  ,a mild medicine is usually  

required to cleanse the blood1 as1      
unless the blood is in good order1 and  
in very many cases it is in any other   
condition than a good one1 the food     
taken will not digest well4  ,upon      
getting up in the morning take a sponge 
bath1 dry well with a coarse towel1     
after which walk about two miles before 
breakfast4  ,breakfast should consist of
 a good tender porterhouse steak1       
broiled rare1 and thoroughly masticated 
before swallowing4 ,as a drink1 a cup of
 black tea4 ,drink no more than         
absolutely necessary either at meals or 
any other time4  ,after breakfast1 eaten
 slowly1 no exercise should be taken for
 about an hour2 at the expiration of    
which time1 the crew can get in the boat
 and row the same distance expected to  
be rowed in the race1 and at a good     
pace4  ,after returning from the row1 a 
rub down and then a moderate walk1 until
 shortly before dinnertime4 ,dinner     
should consist of roast beef or broiled 
chicken1 with soft boiled eggs1 etc4    

,if any drink is taken1 tea or water1 in
 moderate quantity1 should be used4     
,after dinner no exercise for about two 
hours1 when the crew take the afternoon 
pull1 which should be over about the    
same distance and at the same pace as   
that of the morning4  ,after coming     
ashore1 rub down as in the morning1 with
 a coarse towel1 and then take a        
moderate walk1 returning home about an  
hour before supper1 which1 when eaten at
 all1 should be a light one1 composed of
 a little broiled meat1 with a piece of 
dry toast and a cup of tea4  ,two meals1
 at the least1 should always be taken2  
and where only two are taken1 they      
should1 in all cases1 be what is known  
as breakfast and dinner1 as both these  
meals1 or rather either of them1 are    
more essential to the man in training   
than supper1 particularly if he1 as ,i  
would advise him to do1 rises with the  
sun and retires at about nine o'clock1  
or half-past1 in the evening4  ,after a 
night's sleep1 and after having left the

 bed at five in the morning and walked  
or ran two1 three or four miles1 as well
 as taking a bath1 the system is        
generally quite importunate for         
sustenance by seven o'clock or          
half-past4  ,this is not always the     
case1 however1 in regard to supper2 as1 
after having eaten a hearty dinner1 at  
#a o'clock1 without any other exercise  
thereafter than the afternoon row1 a man
 with very little practice can accustom 
himself to doing without more food until
 the following morning1 if he retire at 
about nine o'clock4  ,up with the sun in
 the morning and pursue the regular plan
 of bath1 walk1 etc41 unless stormy1 in 
which case exercise indoors should be   
substituted for the walk4  ,the dumbells
 and clubs are proper implements to use 
for this purpose1 and every man in      
training1 whether amateur or            
professional1 should have one or other1 
or both4  ,the man in training should   
always have plenty of exercise given him
 at regular and proper intervals4 ,by   

plenty of exercise ,i mean just enough1 
neither too much nor too little2 and to 
be able to tell just when a man has just
 enough belongs only to those who have  
had an extensive experience in preparing
 men for aquatic or other contests4     
,his habits must1 of necessity1 be very 
regular1 otherwise the course which he  
is pursuing will result in very little  
good4  ,illustration3 ,,celebrated      
,,female ,,pedestrians4    #a4 ,cora    
,cushing4     #b4 ,mary ,marshall4      
#c4 ,exilda ,la ,chapelle4   #d4 ,fanny 
,edwards4    #e4 ,bertha ,von ,berg4    
#f4 ,fanny ,rich4   #g4 ,bella ,kilbury4
    #h4 ,madame ,tobias4     #i4 ,madame
 ,franklin4  ,illustration3 ,,madame    
,,anderson1 the great #b1gjj            
,quarter-mile ,walker4  ,in regard to   
the oars which myself and brothers--the 
,ward crew--generally use1 they are     
sweeps1 about twelve feet long and five 
inches wide4 ,a boat for our crew of    
four would be forty-six feet long and   
twenty inches wide4 ,in pulling we use  

the legs1 and in a four or six-oared    
boat pull forty and forty-two strokes   
per minute4 ,in pulling a pair of       
sculls1 ,i pull about thirty-eight      
strokes to the minute1 and use the legs4
  ,we used spoon oars1 and our boats    
were constructed with the stroke on the 
starboard side4  ,in sculling1 ,i have  
always pulled open-handed1 but ,i think 
cross-handed is the better style4  ,to  
make a successful rower great practice  
will be required1 although in this1 as  
in everything else1 some learn much more
 rapidly than others4         99        
99       99       99       99  ,benjamin
 ,f4 ,brady1 ex-president of the        
,amateur ,rowing ,association1 furnishes
 the subjoined3  ,coxswains are carried 
in the gigs and barges only2 all the    
shells being constructed to dispense    
with them1 and it is safe to predict    
that they will soon come to be a thing  
of the past in all ,american shell      
races4 ,whether with or without a       
coxswain is the more practical or       

scientific1 depends1 in a great measure1
 upon the nature of the course pulled1  
and the efficiency of the bow oar2 but  
an experienced crew can well get along  
without one4 ,while the fact has been   
several times proven that a good        
coxswain has been the means of winning a
 race with an acknowledged inferior     
crew4     ,,coxswain',s ,,orders        
,among the ,clubs of the ,association1  
are given as follows3  #ast4            
8,oars40--,the crew raising their oars  
to an angle of forty-five degrees and   
then placing them in the thole pins4    
#b;d4 8,out40--,the crew running their  
oars out to the proper distance for     
rowing1 the blade being parallel with   
the gunwale of the boat4  #c;d4         
8,give-way40--,at the word 8,give0      
throwing the handle of the oar forward  
well over the toes1 the blade being at a
 proper angle to strike the water2 and  
at the word 8,way0 dipping the oar in   
the commencement of the pull4  #dth4    
8,weigh40--,to stop rowing4  #eth4      

8,weigh-starboard10 or 8,weigh-port40   
,to turn right or left4  #fth4          
8,easy-all40--,to slacken speed4  #gth4 
8,oars-apeak40--,to salute when at rest4
 ,the oars to be raised perpendicularly1
 the handles resting on the floor1 and  
the blades running fore and aft4  #hth4 
8,weigh-across10 8,apeak40 ,to salute   
when under headway4 ,running the oars   
across both gunwales4  #ith4            
8,let-fall40--,to regain former         
position4 ,at the word 8,let10 raising  
the oar about four inches1 and at the   
word 8,fall10 throwing it into the      
thole-pins1 the blade 8first0 touching  
the water4  #ajth4 8,across-ship40--,to 
get the oars in the boat4 ,at the word  
8,ship10 raising the oar at a distance  
to clear the heads of the crew1 and     
dropping it lightly in the centre of the
 boat4  #aath4 8,trail-oars40--,in      
passing through bridges1 culverts1 etc41
 unshipping the oar and trailing it at  
the side of the boat4  #abth4           
8,recover-oars40--,to regain former     

position4  ,the number of strokes pulled
 by the association crews it would be   
impossible to designate1 with any degree
 of accuracy1 as all rowers have their  
own peculiar styles2 and in many cases a
 man1 or a crew1 may start at the rate  
of thirty-six to the minute and increase
 to forty1 and finish at1 or near1      
thirty-two4 ,in practicing a crew1 a    
8pull10 and 8tire out10 is certainly    
detrimental to proper training1 as a    
crew should 8never0 be over-worked4     
,the mode of dipping the oar among the  
association crews is1 as a general rule1
 to immerse about one-half the blade2   
row with the back straight1 elbows well 
at the sides4     ,,stephen ,,roberts'  
,,system4   ,in training a crew for a   
race1 the habits and mode of living of a
 man are to be consulted more than any  
set of rules4 ,if he is used to eating  
meat well cooked1 it will not do to give
 him meat cooked rare1 as this is apt to
 produce a looseness in his bowels4 ,a  
man must eat according to the state of  

his system1 and if he trains hard1 eats 
meat1 and is troubled with loose bowels1
 he should train light and live on      
toast1 bread1 and coffee or tea1 for a  
few days1 with puddings1 or bread and   
milk2 and if he is used to drinking1    
good fresh ale will not hurt him1 but no
 liquor stronger than porter or ale     
should be used4 ,on the other hand1 if  
costiveness is present1 no longer than  
forty-eight hours should be permitted to
 elapse without a motion1 and this      
should be brought about1 if possible1 by
 making use of the suitable food and    
drink2 such1 for instance1 as the veal  
steaks cooked rare1 with cider or water 
as a drink4  ,the main thing1 in        
training a man or crew1 is to give him  
or them plenty of the same kind of work 
performed in the race4 ,be careful1     
however1 not to put on too much at      
first4 ,if a mile race is to be pulled1 
twenty days' training will be required4 
,the first day1 row1 say one mile2 the  
second and third day1 about the same1 or

 a little more1 not too hard4 ,after    
this1 increase the distance half a mile 
every day1 until five miles are gone    
over at each row4 ,then1 if there are no
 blisters on the hands1 row the whole   
distance at racing pace4 ,every other   
day1 row eight or ten miles1 up to      
within twenty-four hours of the race4   
,less rowing than this should not be    
taken2 more will not hurt4  ,clerks1    
bookkeepers1 etc41 generally require two
 weeks more of training than men who    
have been always used to heavy lifting2 
but1 when a man once does get into good 
training1 his race becomes an easy      
matter for him4     ,,the ,,harvard     
,,system4   ,broiled steak or chops1    
potatoes in almost any style1 without   
grease1 bread nearly fresh1 tea if      
desired1 water1 or milk if preferred1   
oatmeal porridge or gruel1 and eggs     
poached or boiled--not very hard--render
 the breakfast of a ,harvard student in 
training palatable and even attractive4 
,the best roast beef or mutton          

procurable1 potatoes1 bread1 cracked    
wheat1 rice1 oatmeal gruel1 and the     
various vegetables in the market1 often1
 if not regularly1 make the dinner      
inviting2 and a piece of salmon or a    
dish of poultry or game is an occasional
 visitor1 aiding to vary yet more the   
programme4 ,tapioco1 farina and other   
vegetable puddings make an admirable    
substitute for heavy puddings as a      
desert4 ,milk1 water1 and tea again1 and
 also butter and salt1 in reasonable    
quantities1 are permitted4  ,bread and  
milk1 or tea1 butter1 oatmeal gruel1 dry
 toast and crackers1 are the chief and  
often only articles taken at supper4    
,about a half hour's careful rowing at a
 tolerable pace1 with an occasional stop
 or 8easy10 for instruction and rest1 in
 the morning4  ,in the afternoon1 an    
hour's rowing1 with not more than two or
 three rests1 will complete the day's   
water work4  ,the rate of speed in the  
afternoon should go up from thirty-five 
strokes a minute when commencing        

training to racing gait during the last 
two weeks1 and pulling over the proposed
 course once 8on time0 will be plenty of
 work for this last period4  ,a three or
 four mile walk1 at a four-mile gait1   
starting an hour after breakfast1 will  
not1 unless in extremely hot weather1   
prove too much for a vigorous young man 
with ordinarily good legs4 ,the speed of
 this walk should be reached gradually1 
and after1 perhaps1 if a man in the     
start is much out of condition1 say two 
weeks slower going4  ,a thorough rubbing
 of the entire body1 until the skin is  
absolutely red1 should 8immediately0    
follow each row1 and then a dry suit    
should be donned4 ,flannel is the best  
material for it4  ,eight hours should   
seem a good medium for sleep4 ,if a man 
feels all right with a less amount than 
this1 he should regulate his own hours2 
but if he is nervous and excitable1 he  
should have more4 ,he should never lie  
abed awake in the morning1 but spring up
 at once1 and take his sponge bath1 or  

in warm weather1 if convenient1 a plunge
 into cold water4     ,,harry           
,,clasper',s ,,system4   ,rise between  
#f and #g ,a4 ,m41 walk four or five    
miles4 ,breakfast at #h ,a4 ,m4--,chop  
or couple of eggs1 bread1 tea1 ,rest for
 half an hour1 and then a brisk walk or 
run4 ,if morning exercise has not been  
heavy1 a row1 terminating about #aa ,a4 
,m4 ,dinner at #ab ,m4--,beef or mutton1
 broiled2 egg-pudding1 with currants in 
it if desired1 or other light           
farinaceous pudding2 old ale1 one glass2
 wine1 one glass1 7port72 or ale1 two   
glasses1 without wine4 ,rest for an     
hour1 and then on the river again for a 
hard row4 8,rowing exercise should be   
taken twice every day40 ,tea1 with      
toasted bread sparingly buttered1 with  
one egg only--more has a tendency to    
choke the system4 ,supper1 not          
recommended4 ,when taken1 to consist of 
new milk and bread1 or gruel1 with      
raisins and currants and a glass of port
 wine in it4 ,bed about #aj ,p4 ,m4     

,summary3 sleep1 between eight and nine 
hours2 exercise1 walking and rowing     
about four or five hours2 diet1 limited4
     ,,charles ,,westhall',s ,,system4  
,rise at #f ,a4 ,m4 or earlier in the   
summer2 cold bath and rub down2 sharp   
walk about a mile out1 and run home2 or 
a row of a couple of miles at           
three-parts speed2 a dry rub down4      
,breakfast at #h ,a4,m4--,mutton chop or
 steak1 broiled2 stale bread or toast1  
tea1 half a pint4 ,dinner at #b ,p4     
,m4--,meat as at breakfast with a mealy 
potato1 stale bread1 old ale1 one pint4 
,rowing4 ,if dinner be late1 luncheon to
 be taken1 to consist of beef or mutton1
 hot or cold2 bread1 old ale1 one glass4
 ,if dinner be early1 8tea with viands  
and liquids as at breakfast0 to be      
taken4 ,supper--,half a pint of thin    
gruel1 or dry toast and a glass of old  
ale4 ,that the above rules are of course
 open to alteration according to        
circumstances1 and the diet varied      
successfully by the introduction of     

fowls1 either roast or boiled--the      
latter preferred2 and it must never be  
lost sight of that sharp work1          
regularity and cleanliness are the chief
 if not the only rules to be followed to
 produce thorough good condition4       
,summary3 sleep1 about eight hours2     
exercise1 four or five hours2 diet1     
limited4     ,h4 ,f4 ,,walsh',s1 ,,or   
,,stonehenge',s ,,system4   ,rise at #h 
,a4 ,m4 ,according to season and        
weather1 cold bath4 ,exercise1 #h4cj to 
#i ,a4 ,m4--,let all take a gentle run  
or smart walk4 ,in most instances a     
smart run of three miles will be about  
the best distance4  ,breakfast2 #i to   
#i4cj ,a4 ,m4--,oatmeal porridge1 with  
beef or mutton broiled1 and bread2 tea  
or coffee1 or old ale1 one pint4 ,tea is
 preferred to coffee4 ,cocoa is too     
greasy4  ,exercise1 #i4cj to #aa4cj ,a4 
,m4--,billiards1 skittles1 quoits1 or   
other light exercise4 #aa4cj ,a4 ,m4 to 
#a4cj ,p4 ,m4--,rowing4 #a4cj to about  
#b4cj ,p4 ,m4--,running1 rubbed dry and 

linen changed4  ,dinner1 #b4cj to #c or 
#c4cj ,p4 ,m4--,beef 7roast7 or mutton1 
7boiled mutton occasionally71 roast     
fowl1 partridges1 or pheasants          
7allowed71 or venison 7nothing better72 
bread1 puddings occasionally1 made of   
bread1 eggs1 and milk1 and served with  
preserved fruits4 ,vegetables--,potatoes
 7one or two only71 cauliflowers and    
broccoli 7only as an occasional change74
 ,old ale1 from a pint to a pint and a  
half2 wine1 a glass or two1 port or     
sherry4 ,after dinner1 until #e or #f   
,p4 ,m41 a gentle stroll4 ,rowing #f to 
#g ,p4 ,m4  ,supper1 #h ,p4             
,m4--,oatmeal porridge1 with dry toast1 
or chop1 with glass of port4 ,bed at #i 
or #aj ,p4 ,m4  ,summary3 sleep1 ten or 
eleven hours2 exercise1 say four hours  
7exclusive of billiards1 etc472 diet1   
varied4     ,,wingate',s ,,system ,,for 
,a ,,month',s ,,training4   ,rise at    
about #g ,a4 ,m4 7,glass of cold water  
recommended74 ,the crew meet at #g ,a4  
,m41 walk and run for four or five      

miles2 or1 in later practice1 quick run 
of two miles4 ,wash and dress4          
,breakfast1 #i ,a4 ,m4--,meat 7broiled71
 bread 7brown7 and butter1 tea1 two     
cups4 ,cocoa made of the nibs boiled for
 four hours is better than tea for      
breakfast4  ,luncheon at #a ,p4         
,m4--,beef sandwich1 with half a pint of
 old ale1 or biscuit and glass of       
sherry1 or egg in sherry4 ,at #b4cj ,p4 
,m4 row about four or five miles4 ,this 
altogether depends on the state of the  
crew4  ,dinner at #f ,p4 ,m4--,wash in  
tepid water4 ,meat 7roast1 broiled or   
boiled74 ,vegetables--8,the green foods 
permissible contain in their list       
spinach--the very best of all2 sea-kale1
 asparagus1 but without melted butter2  
turnip-tops1 young unhearted greens1 but
 not solid cabbages2 broccoli1 carrots1 
parsnips1 and cooked celery4 ,turnips   
are also favored1 and peas condemned1   
also cucumbers1 and all salad mixtures4 
,but boiled beet-root is good1 and      
,jerusalem artichokes2 and ,french beans

 stand next to spinach in virtue40 8,any
 kind of wholesome meat thoroughly      
cooked40 ,the course is varied daily1 so
 that no two days together shall see the
 same articles on the table4 8,light    
puddings may be eaten40 ,old ale1 one   
pint4 ,wine1 two glasses of old port or 
sherry1 or three of claret4 ,biscuits   
and dried fruits1 as cherries1 figs1    
etc41 allowed4 8,all fresh fruits are   
avoided4 ,plain jellies are innocuous4  
,as much spring water as they have a    
mind to40  ,supper1 #i ,p4 ,m4--,oatmeal
 gruel1 if desired4 ,bed at #aj ,p4 ,m4 
,summary3 sleep1 eight or nine hours2   
exercise1 about three hours2 diet1      
varied4     ,,training ,,for            
,,long-,,distance                       
,,go-,,as-,,you-,,please ,,contests4    
,about the first recognized legitimate  
contest of this kind was originated by  
,sir ,john ,astley1 a ,crimean veteran  
and general athlete1 giving a valuable  
gold and silver belt1 open to the world1
 to the one who should cover the        

greatest distance1 in whatever way he   
chose1 unassisted1 on his legs1 for a   
period of six days4 ,long distance feats
 were not in themselves new1 by any     
means1 ,capt4 ,barclay1 ,foster ,powell1
 ,george ,wilson1 and others in auld    
lang syne figured conspicuously in      
,england and ,scotland1 their journeys  
being traveled out of doors1 on the     
roads1 similar to the long walks of     
,weston1 ,sergeant ,bates1 ,wm4 ,gale1  
and others4 ,the athletic mania1 which  
had lain dormant for so many years1 was 
suddenly revived in this country1 and   
spread like an epidemic far and wide1   
bringing with it a healthy reaction4    
,the saloons and viler resorts began to 
lose caste for the running and walking  
match4 ,street cars and stages1 and     
elevated railways complained of lack of 
patronage on fine days1 as old and      
young1 rich and poor1 fell into the     
walking rage1 and amateur spurts from   
home to place of business and vice versa
 became visible on every few blocks4    

,even the working girls caught the      
health imparting habit1 and stepped out 
as jauntily and with as much snap as    
your ,la ,chappelle or ,fannie ,edwards4
 ,dailies1 weeklies and monthlies saw   
increased interest and patronage by     
devoting space to athletics1 while      
,beecher1 ,talmage1 ,moody1 and other   
lesser lights mixed athletics up with   
their dogmas1 until at the present time 
it is the fashion1 and with us style is 
everything4 ,true1 druggists1 doctors   
and undertakers found their business    
falling off1 but we are candid enough to
 admit feeling pleased at this state of 
things1 as1 from being looked upon as a 
nation of tobacco-chewing1 nervous1     
dried-up1 money worshipers1 experience  
has proved that ,americans now1 instead 
of following1 take the lead in          
everything worth speaking about4        
,illustration3 ,,base ,,ball4    #a4 ,j4
 ,m4 ,ward1 ,pitcher4   #b4 ,ed4 ,n4    
,williamson1 #c;d ,base4   #c4 ,fred4   
,dunlap1 #b;d ,base4   #d4 ,jas4        

,o',rourke1 ,right-field4   #e4 ,geo4   
,wright1 ,short-stop4   #f4 ,p4 ,a4     
,hines1 ,centre-field4   #g4 ,joe       
,start1 #ast ,base4   #h4 ,chas4 ,n4    
,snyder1 ,catcher4   #i4 ,joseph        
,hornung1 ,left-field4  ,,celebrities4  
,illustration3 ,,llewellyn ,h4          
,,johnson1  ,the ,distinguished ,amateur
 ,american ,champion ,bicyclist4  ,it is
 not every boy or man who will make a   
,rowell1 an ,o',leary1 a ,blower ,brown1
 a ,frank ,hart1 or whoever happens to  
be the head of the class when this meets
 the reader's eye--neither must a young 
lady expect to become a ,madame         
,anderson1 a ,may ,marshall1 or a ,von  
,berg4 ,both sexes can1 if they have the
 will1 in time1 accomplish what now     
seems an utter impossibility4 ,does any 
one suppose that ,daniel ,o',leary      
walked his square heel-and-toe contests1
 ,madame ,anderson her great            
accomplishments1 ,captain ,webb his     
swimming across the ,english ,channel1  
,ed4 ,hanlan conquering all the world as

 an oarsman1 by saying 8,i can't10 and  
making no further effort8 ,to become    
adept at anything1 perseverance is the  
keystone1 as 8,little by little great   
oaks from small acorns grow10 and       
constant dripping even wears stones     
away1 so that 8if at first you don't    
succeed1 try1 try1 try again40 ,if      
necessary1 commence by walking only a   
block at a time1 ,madame ,anderson used 
to tell her lady admirers1 increasing to
 two1 four1 eight1 and so on1 doubling  
and doubling until it will be found as  
easy to go miles as it was before the   
length of a single row of houses4 ,youth
 is the best time for practice1 and the 
smallest1 sickliest looking boy or girl 
will1 with one or two companions1 manage
 to cover an amount of ground that would
 make ordinary grown-up people very much
 inclined to doubt1 and very loth to    
attempt4 ,the youth has ambition in this
 direction1 not having yet got into     
politics1 money worshiping or being     
addicted to chewing1 smoking1 drinking1 

etc41 which to many men are considered  
absolutely necessary4 ,a party of boys  
with jackets on their arms will walk and
 run eight or ten miles1 on a ,fourth of
 ,july day1 cutting up1 prattling away1 
whistling or singing1 with no other     
refreshment than a little water or      
fruit4 ,they fix upon a certain place to
 go to1 may be an orchard1 or to hunt   
bird's nests1 or to a place to swim1 row
 or fish1 and get there1 whereas a man  
or party of men1 unless conveyed        
straight to the spot1 would probably    
consume half a dozen lagers at least1   
and smoke as many bad cigars1 pipesfull 
of strong tobacco1 or chew a paper of   
so-called solace4 ,we have tried both1  
and found out we could travel twice the 
distance on a few oranges or a mouthful 
or two of spring water1 a biscuit or    
sandwich1 than all the lager or tobacco 
taken in our life4  ,presuming the      
individual to be in good health1 the    
walks1 trots1 or runs must be gradual at
 first1 and increased daily1 not exactly

 in the order laid down in previous     
chapters1 for the six-day business is   
more a trial of endurance than speed4   
,it is not necessary to measure the     
distance between meals1 but keep on the 
go until pretty well tired1 rest at     
intervals1 then buckle to again4 ,the   
8,rowell trot0 won him the belt and drew
 a #ej1jjj gate1 his share the first    
time he came to ,new ,york1 after all   
expenses being over #bj1jjj4 ,it has    
been proved beyond all argument that    
trotting or running beats walking1 and  
when once acquired the dog trot will    
come as easy to a man 7if not easier7 as
 a fast walking gait4 ,in practicing    
long-distance running1 style is         
nothing--wind and freshness             
everything--let your arms1 therefore1   
swing easy which ever way comes most    
natural1 as the legs are the motors for 
this kind of work4 ,neither attempt long
 or short strides1 no matter what your  
gait1 clumsy or otherwise1 for it is the
 distance to be got over that will land 

you a winner1 not your shape or         
traveling on your 8pretty10 however     
people may criticise4 ,an old car-horse 
will keep up the same jog-trot nearly   
all day apparently undistressed1 while a
 terrible three-mile dash at full speed 
will perhaps use the fast horse up4 ,it 
was not natural for the car-horse to go 
that gait at first1 but he was broke to 
it1 and men are pretty much like horses 
in this respect1 except that they can   
endure more in the long run4 ,you will  
doubtless have 8bellows to mend10       
stitches in your side1 etc41 but stick  
it out and they will not come again     
probably twice the same day4 ,a short   
stick1 easy-fitting clothes1 light head 
cover1 well-seasoned and easy fitting   
laced-up shoes1 seamless1 woolen        
stockings1 and a cheerful companion are 
all necessary4 ,if troubled with sore   
feet the pedestrian should follow ,dr4  
,parks' advice to the ,british ,army1   
viz43 ,before setting out dip the feet  
for a minute or two in very hot water1  

wipe them quite dry1 and then rub them  
with soap 7soft soap is best7 till there
 is a good lather2 then put on the      
stockings4 ,if1 notwithstanding1 they   
are yet foot-sore1 at the end of the day
 wipe the feet with a damp cloth1 and   
rub them with a mixture of tallow and   
spirits of wine4 ,besides this1 great   
attention should be paid to the         
stockings1 which should be constantly   
washed4 ,worsted and merino stockings   
are preferable to cotton ones4  ,if     
thirsty1 one or two oranges will quench 
that1 and be most agreeable to the      
stomach1 as well as being of more       
benefit than anything else4 ,when       
in-doors1 light dumb-bells and the      
skipping-rope may be used vigorously to 
improve the wind1 but nothing heavy or  
too violent1 as in this branch of       
athletics the muscles to be controlled  
are those of the legs instead of the    
arms2 change of flannels1 socks1 shoes1 
a salt water sponge-bath1 rub down2 then
 apply a little bay rum1 mouth rinsed   

out1 and a pleasant chat with a friend  
will make you feel like a new man1 and  
after meals1 before alluded to1 ready   
and willing to tackle hard work again4  
,if the pedestrian's appetite falls off1
 whether from nervousness1 sleeplessness
 or whatever causes1 a preparation of   
iron and gentian may be taken1 say a    
teaspoonful about ten minutes before    
eating1 until his natural appetite      
returns1 when it should be discontinued4
 ,if1 on the other hand1 the food taken 
does not digest readily1 and symptoms of
 dyspepsia follow eating1 then a        
tablespoonful of wine of pepsin a       
quarter of an hour after meals will soon
 bring that trouble over1 discontinuing 
when it does4 ,when sickness at the     
stomach succeeds1 a tablespoonful of    
prepared lime water1 taken in a little  
milk1 when the feeling comes on1 acts   
like a charm4 ,when the bowels are lax1 
thickened flour and milk are good4 ,if  
costive1 rhubarb preserves1 or prune    
tea1 or a mild injection of soap and    

warm water will be found to answer every
 purpose4  ,some enterprising ,knight of
 ,st4 ,crispin1 with a view to increase 
their trade by working on the feelings  
of pedestrians and others1 introduced   
the old-fashioned piece of steel under  
the instep1 between the welt and the    
sole1 and designated them spring        
walking-shoes1 for which there used to  
be quite a demand4 ,experience1 however1
 has proved that the only spring likely 
to lead to the winning-post is what     
nature gave1 and that all artificial    
appendages are more likely to do harm   
than good4 ,the shoe best adapted for a 
walker of from one to ten miles is a    
low-cut shoe1 laced nearly to the toe1  
with low heel1 broad instep and plenty  
of room for the toes1 and light as      
possible and of the best seasoned       
leather4 ,ordinary shoemakers can no    
more make professional running or       
walking shoes than an ordinary          
blacksmith can turn out a razor or set  
of chicken-gaffs1 and1 therefore1 the   

business should be entrusted to those   
who make a specialty of it4  ,the most  
successful and tractable of modern      
pedestrians1 ,charles ,rowell1 has made 
more money in his two six-days' contests
 in ,new ,york than he would have in    
fifty years at a trade or in his own    
country4 ,here we are carried away with 
almost anything of an international     
character1 both press and public4 ,when 
,rowell made his #ejj miles in the first
 visit and #ebd on his second1 it was   
generally conceded that he performed the
 distance on the square1 and hence the  
patronage bestowed4 ,other six-day      
contests have been given with nearly #dj
 more miles tacked on to the winner     
ahead of ,rowell's time by the          
black-board1 but the receipts were as   
quarters to dollars in comparison4      
,there appears to be a weakness for     
figures not altogether warranted by the 
financial results at the end of the     
week4  ,to all1 therefore1 who compete  
in long distances for love or money1 do 

not worry about the score1 but keep     
ahead all the time4 ,a gain of ten miles
 on the first day1 when honestly made1  
and with the intention of staying on the
 track through the competition1 will be 
pretty sure to find the leader far      
enough ahead to carry off the lion's    
share1 for1 as the veteran ,jack        
,goulding's logic proves1 if there is a 
dollar at the end of every mile it is   
surprising how many miles a man will go4
 ,the practice of the crack flyers      
competing on the first day1 with no idea
 of going the week more by preconcert1  
may suit the betting ring and the       
book-makers1 but it has hurt the        
business more than can ever be patched  
up again by the most adroit1            
self-interested parties4  ,in addition  
to ,rowell1 ,brown1 ,hazael and others  
have been brought out1 but they either  
went wrong or could not be managed by   
their trainers4 ,self-reliance is very  
well1 but an ungovernable temper or     
dissipated habits are sure to be left   

behind when opposed to tractability and 
abstemiousness4 ,the ,english peds used 
to say there were lots of better men    
than ,rowell over there1 but ,john      
,astley knew he was unapproachable and  
as honest as they make them1 and1       
whether the best or not1 he carried off 
the belt against all competitors4  ,the 
advantage of an intelligent1 capable    
trainer cannot be over-estimated1 and1  
one who can satisfy his protege of his  
superiority in his business1 as well as 
a man of nerve1 is what is required4    
,when ,dan ,donnelly1 the champion      
pugilist of ,ireland1 was trained by    
,capt4 ,kelly for his fight with ,george
 ,cooper1 he was in magnificent         
condition1 but when he met ,tom ,oliver1
 having had men to look after him whom  
he considered only his equal or perhaps 
inferior1 he was in no condition at all4
 ,we are of the opinion that ,john      
,ennis but for ,james ,cusick would     
never have got second place to ,rowell1 
or ,nick ,murphy1 ,steve ,brodie1 ,hart1

 ,panchot1 etc41 made the time they did 
but for men of superior qualification4  
,it will be interesting to the young    
athletes to know the length of time     
taken for rest by the six-day men1 and  
therefore supply this information so as 
to be easy of reference4 ,we allude to  
the contest from ,april #eth to #ajth1  
#ahhj1 inclusive3 ,hart1 #bc hours #b   
minutes #ei seconds2 ,pegram1 #ca hours 
#cj minutes #ec seconds2 ,howard1 #cj   
hours1 #ej minutes #ci seconds2 ,dobler1
 #bb hours #cg minutes #ab seconds2     
,allen1 #cd hours #bd minutes #di       
seconds2 ,krohne1 #bg hours #ah minutes 
#ae seconds2 ,williams1 #bh hours #eb   
minutes #cc seconds1 and ,hanwaker1 #bg 
hours #eh minutes #ba seconds4 ,hart's  
actual time on the course was #aah hours
 #bj minutes and #a second1 and his     
average walk in that time was at the    
rate of #d #g-aj miles per hour4        
,rowell's regular food when on a        
six-days march is beefsteak1 chops1     
bread1 vegetables1 tea and coffee2      

occasionally he takes a little pudding  
and cheese4 ,guyon feeds on beef tea1   
chops1 potatoes1 toast1 tea and coffee1 
but no stimulants4 ,weston1 beef tea1   
custard1 lime water and tea1 beefsteak  
and no stimulants4 ,ennis1 oatmeal1 beef
 tea1 rare beef and oysters4 ,hazael1   
chops1 steaks1 crackers1 toast and lemon
 soda4 ,merritt feeds on jellies1       
fruits1 beef1 mutton and vegetables1    
with tea and coffee4 ,hart eats chops1  
chopped eggs1 toast1 corn bread1 tea and
 coffee4     ,,training ,,for           
,,baseball4   ,it is well known that an 
athlete desirous of excelling in any    
special sport or game must be trained   
only to the extent to suit the          
requirements of the sport he desires to 
become an expert in4 ,to train young men
 in a gymnasium alike for rowing1       
running or for field work in baseball1  
cricket or lacrosse1 putting them       
through the same routine of exercises1  
is simply to unnecessarily overwork them
 for one particular sport1 and to give  

them insufficient exercise for another4 
,of course1 to a certain extent1 all    
kinds of gymnastic exercises1 if        
moderately engaged in1 tend to develop a
 healthful physique1 if gone through    
with under the rules of an intelligent  
system2 but the indiscriminate way in   
which baseball players enter a gymnasium
 and go through with what they call     
their training is ofttimes worse than   
useless work in preparing them to       
sustain the fatigue incident to their   
game4 ,what is necessary for a baseball 
player in gymnastic exercise is to take 
only that exercise which makes him agile
 and quick of movement1 and which trains
 the eye to judge the ball1 or the arms 
and chest to wield the bat1 or the legs 
to run the bases4 ,lifting heavy weights
 or exercise which is calculated to     
develop strength for such purposes is   
useless4 ,swinging clubs1 if carried to 
excess2 jumping is unnecessary2 work on 
the parallel bars1 the trapeze1 etc41 is
 needless4 ,in fact1 a ball player can  

find far better training for quick      
movements1 gaining keen sightedness and 
endurance in a handball or racket court 
than is possible in a gymnasium4        
,exercise in short-distance running is  
good1 and all exercises which tend to   
strengthen the muscles of the           
ankles--such as skating1 for            
instance--help to train a ball player4  
,but what is particularly required in   
the system of training for professional 
ball players is that very activity which
 handball yields4 ,this game strengthens
 the hands1 trains the sight1 and       
especially gives a player endurance in  
the very fatigue he has to undergo on   
the ballfield4 ,a skillful handball     
player1 when he be comes accustomed to  
baseball field work1 will always excel  
in picking up hard-hit ground balls4    
,illustration3 ,l4 ,e4 ,,meyers1  ,the  
,renowned ,american ,runner4            
,illustration3 ,,welcoming ,o',,baldwin 
,,to ,,new ,,york4  ,the ,irish ,giant1 
,joe ,coburn1 ,ed4 ,james1 ,j4 ,c4      

,heenan4     ,,advice ,,to ,,business   
,,men ,,and ,,others4   ,the majority of
 our readers are doubtless young men    
having in view perfecting their frames  
for some muscular feat1 and the bulk of 
this work was written principally for   
their benefit4 ,there is still another  
and larger class for whom no author     
seems to have troubled his head about4  
,we allude to those compelled by        
circumstances to spend their time in    
sedentary occupations1 and are not      
likely to get time or means to pursue a 
regular course of training4  ,it would  
be simply ridiculous to advise a        
letter-carrier to take exercise after   
going his rounds of forty or fifty miles
 a day1 as physicians sometimes do      
without being aware of the calling of   
their patient1 or to suggest fasting    
forty days and nights for dyspepsia     
because ,dr4 ,tanner did it1 giving no  
impossibilities or absurdities1 but such
 as we are willing to practice and carry
 out4 ,as a general thing1 to keep down 

flesh1 if inclined to corpulency1 avoid 
sugar1 salmon1 eels1 herrings1 pork1    
potatoes1 beer1 bread1 butter1 milk1    
champagne1 port and anything calculated 
to create bile4 ,it would be well to    
dispense with fat meats1 eggs1 pastry1  
new bread1 cheese and whatever else may 
produce nausea or indigestion after     
eating4  ,before making your morning    
toilet1 a sponge saturated in tepid salt
 water should be applied to all parts of
 the body1 and then rubbed dry with a   
,turkish towel4 ,if too much of a shock 
to the system1 apply a flesh-brush or   
the palm of your hands vigorously to the
 skin1 after which the sponge bath1 and 
when dry the brush or hand1 as before4  
,when the shower-bath is used1 and a    
person feels exhilarated from its       
effects1 it is better than the sponge   
bath2 but when it produces a shiver or  
weakness1 it should be discontinued     
until strong enough to indulge in this  
great summer luxury4  ,the mere fact    
that millions of human beings are strong

 and healthy upon a purely vegetable    
diet should of itself suggest that1     
although animal food1 as more           
concentrated1 and yielding more force   
with less expenditure in its digestion1 
is superior to vegetable food1 yet there
 is excellent nutriment to be extracted 
from vegetables4 ,the anatomical        
indications of man1 being omnivorous1   
should also point in the same direction1
 and the need of vegetable acids1 no    
less than the advantages of variety1 at 
once disclose the error of banishing    
vegetable food4 ,the chief mistake lies 
in the cooking4 ,the water in which     
green vegetables are cooked is          
poisonous4 ,there is not one house in   
fifty where the vegetables are not      
cooked in small vessels1 containing very
 little water1 which is never changed1  
and where the greens are sent to table  
with the water properly squeezed from   
them4 ,let any person unable to eat     
broccoli1 or greens cooked in a quart of
 water1 try the effect of having them   

cooked in a gallon of water1 or of      
having the quart changed three or four  
times during the process1 and he will   
soon discover the difference4 ,if       
potatoes are 8watery10 it is because    
they are ill-cooked4 ,no ,irishwoman    
serves up watery potatoes4  ,veal and   
pork are rigidly excluded by the        
trainer1 which some will hear it with   
amazement1 and will ask how it was that 
the ancients gave the athletes nothing  
but pork4 ,would the old hen be thought 
nutritious1 and the chicken injurious8  
,would the sheep be tender1 and the lamb
 tough8 ,and why is the calf to be      
blooded1 and the ox not8 ,yet1 so long  
as this practice continues1 no one      
should indulge in veal1 unless his      
digestion be vigorous4 ,fried dishes1   
rich gravies and pastry should also be  
avoided1 because of their tendency to   
develop fatty acids in the stomach4     
,some cannot endure fat2 others cannot  
get on without it4 ,some cannot touch   
mutton2 others are made ill by eggs4    

,let each find out his own idiosyncrasy4
 ,the only thing the trainer teaches us 
is to take abundant exercise in the open
 air1 and to be simple and moderate in  
our diet1 with regularity in hours4 ,if 
neither time nor strength permits our   
abundant exercise1 and if our avocations
 prevent regularity1 what remains but   
moderation in diet8  ,the effects of    
exercise are two-fold3 on the one hand a
 stimulus is given to the action of the 
heart and lungs1 which enables the blood
 to be more thoroughly oxygenated and   
more rapidly circulated2 on the other   
hand1 there is an expenditure force1    
accompanying the increased activity of  
the organic changes4 ,exercise          
strengthens the parts exercised1 because
 it increases the nutrition of those    
parts4 ,when any organ is inactive1 the 
circulation in it becomes less and less1
 the smaller ramifications of its       
network of blood vessels are empty or   
but half filled1 the streams gradually  
run in fewer channels1 and the organ1   

ceasing to be thoroughly nourished1     
wastes away4 ,when the organ is active  
all its vessels are filled2 all the     
vital changes1 on which depend its      
growth and power1 proceed rapidly4 ,the 
force expended is renewed1 unless the   
expenditure has been excessive1 in which
 case there is a disturbance of the     
mechanism1 and depression or disease    
results4 ,but unless there has been     
excess1 we see that the great advantage 
of exercise consists in keeping up a due
 equalization of the circulation1 an    
equable distribution of nutrition to the
 various organs4 ,perfect health means  
the equable activity of all the         
functions2 not the vigor of the muscular
 system alone1 nor of the nervous system
 alone2 not the activity of this gland  
or that1 but the equable vigor of all4  
,remember that when life makes great    
demands upon the muscular energy1 the   
demands upon the brain must be less2 and
 when the demands upon the brain are    
energetic1 there is less force          

disposable for muscles and glands4 ,the 
advantage of exercise to a student or   
any other brain-worker1 is that it      
lessens the over-stimulus of his brain1 
distributes the blood more equably1     
calling to his muscles some of those    
streams which would impetuously be      
rushing through his brain4 ,and         
understanding what this advantage is1 he
 should be careful to avail himself of  
it2 but he should be careful to remember
 at the same time that within certain   
limits all the force with drawn by his  
muscles is withdrawn from the brain or  
some other organ4 ,he must not burn the 
candle at both ends4  ,it is certain    
that sedentary men1 and men of          
hard-worked intellects1 are greatly in  
need of some means of distributing the  
circulation through the muscles4        
,exercise is the means4 ,when the       
avocations are such as to render        
continuous exercise in the open air     
difficult or impossible1 we should seek 
to compensate for this by variety of    

gentle activities distributed throughout
 the day4 ,no error is more common than 
that of supposing open-air exercise to  
be indispensable to health3 we may have 
no time for walking1 rowing1 riding or  
any of the ordinary modes of out-door   
activity1 yet--as the excellent health  
and strength of domestic servants1 who  
scarcely ever stir out1 will show--the  
mere activity of the body1 in various   
occupations1 suffices for the           
equalization of the circulation4 ,let   
the sedentary stand as well as sit1     
changing the posture frequently1 and    
using back and arms as variously as     
possible4 ,a variety of gentle          
activities is more beneficial to the    
student than bursts of violent exercise4
 ,above all things1 remember that in    
exercise1 as in diet1 the grand rule is 
moderation4 ,avoid fatigue2 as you would
 cease eating when appetite abates1     
cease muscular activity when the impulse
 to continue it abates4  ,in general1   
the healthy man may eat almost anything 

in moderation2 but it is wiser for all  
to avoid meat twice cooked1 rich gravies
 and fried dishes4 ,nature tells us very
 plainly that that pleasure is a means  
no less than an end4 ,the exercise which
 has in it the element of amusement is  
ten times as beneficial as a listless   
walk2 and the meal which is eaten with a
 relish is far more nutritious than a   
meal eaten only as a periodical         
necessity4 ,solitary walks along        
familiar or uninteresting roads1 or     
solitary meals on dishes unstimulating  
to the palate1 are not to be compared   
with rambles through interesting tracts1
 or with stimulating companions1 and    
meals where the guests1 no less than    
dishes1 add their pleasurable           
excitement4  ,there is one point of     
regimen to which attention may be       
called1 and that is1 never to attempt   
severe mental or bodily labor after a   
full meal4 ,if possible1 let all such   
labor be got through in the early part  
of the day1 after breakfast1 but before 

dinner2 not only because the bodily     
vigor is then greatest1 but also because
 the restoration of that vigor through  
dinner should not be interfered with4   
,we know that in many cases this advice 
is impracticable4 ,night-work is        
inevitable in some lives1 and is fancied
 to be so in the lives of students and  
literary men4 ,in such cases1 there is1 
at least1 this mitigating resource--not 
to commence hard work until the labor of
 digestion is over4 ,thousands ruin     
their digestion by disregarding this    
simple advice4 ,if work after dinner be 
inevitable1 let the dinner be a very    
light one1 and let a light supper be    
eaten4  ,in order to prove the facts    
above cited1 a physician of our         
acquaintance tried the experiment upon  
two healthy dogs4 ,they were both fed   
alike and in similar quantities1 one    
being allowed to rest in quiet an hour  
after feeding1 and the other permitted  
to run around and frolic for a similar  
length of time4 ,both dogs were then    

killed1 and the food of the one allowed 
to rest was quite digested1 while that  
of the other was scarcely digested at   
all4  ,no better general advice can be  
given in conclusion than that furnished 
us by the greatest physician of the     
present time1 ,dr4 ,willard ,parker1 now
 enjoying rugged health at the advanced 
age of eighty1 and being a living       
example of the truth of his reasoning4  
,the blood will be either good or bad1  
according as the material or food is    
good or bad4 ,the character of blood    
made depends on the kind of food taken4 
,in this country1 as a rule1 too much   
meat is eaten2 meat once a day is       
sufficient1 especially for brain        
workers4 ,the waste matter from a meat  
diet is eliminated through the kidneys4 
,too much labor thrown upon those organs
 produces disease4 ,an overloaded       
stomach is unfavorable to active brain  
work4 ,man is like an engine with two   
service pipes1 one for the brain and one
 for the body1 and no man has the       

requisite force to work both at once4   
,generally ,americans bolt their food4  
,it should be cooked4 ,the first process
 of cooking a steak is on the range2 the
 second is in the mouth1 and this is    
done by working the saliva into the food
 by chewing4 ,thus is the food prepared 
to be acted upon by the juices of the   
stomach4 ,infants in nursing move the   
jaws to obtain the milk1 and the working
 of the infant's jaw mixes the milk with
 the saliva1 and thus fits that milk to 
go into the stomach4 ,after being       
subjected to the action of the stomach  
for two or three hours the food becomes 
fitted to pass into the circulation by  
absorption4 ,to have good food1         
therefore1 it is necessary that it be   
made of proper material properly        
prepared4 ,we are furnished with milk to
 start with as we enter the world4 ,had 
meat been the best diet1 we should have 
been born with beefsteaks in our hands4 
,but we are given milk4 ,milk and blood 
are nearer alike than any other two     

fluids2 a large proportion of each is   
water4 ,after milk1 breadstuffs and     
vegetables are the best diet1 and in    
warm climates fruit4 ,then meats4 ,sugar
 and fat go into the body not so much to
 nourish it as to be a fuel to give it  
warmth4 ,meat contains much nitrogenous 
matter4  ,a limited quantity of spirits 
at the principal meal1 especially for   
persons advanced in life or of weak     
digestion1 may aid in the combustion of 
the food4 ,spirits aid digestion in     
feeble and aged persons2 but only the   
feeble or the aged require such a       
stimulus4 ,the young and vigorous do not
 need it1 and are better off without it4
 ,middle aged persons may perhaps drink 
a little spirit with their meals without
 danger2 but they cannot safely make it 
a beverage4 ,in small quantities        
alcoholic drinks stimulate1 and if not  
enough is taken to coagulate the pepsin 
and the albumen in the food they promote
 digestion in proper cases1 and thus    
help to repair the system4 ,but whenever

 more alcoholic liquor is taken into the
 stomach with the food than is demanded 
it passes into the circulation1 disturbs
 the action of the heart1 flushes the   
face and confuses the brain4 ,when so   
much fermented or distilled liquor is   
taken into the system that the functions
 of the organism are disturbed positive 
harm is done--the system has been so far
 poisoned4 ,an irritation has been set  
up instead of the desired healthful     
stimulation of the stomach4  ,the human 
system contains water1 fat1 starch1     
sugar1 nitrogenous substances1 iron1    
sulphur1 phosphorus1 animal quinine1    
sodium potassium and chlorine2 but no   
alcohol is found4 ,it has no like in the
 system1 hence there is nothing that it 
can repair1 and it cannot1 therefore1 be
 ranked as a food of any kind4 ,it      
possesses an inherent deleterious       
property1 which1 when introduced into   
the system1 is capable of destroying    
life1 and it has its place with arsenic1
 belladonna1 prussic acid and opium4    

,like these1 it is to be employed as a  
medicine1 and has its true position in  
works on materia medica4 ,it is both a  
poison and a medicine4  ,it has been    
settled by science that alcohol1 which  
passes into the blood when more is taken
 than can be employed as a condiment or 
tonic1 undergoes no change in the blood1
 but exists there as a foreign          
substance1 creating irritation2 and the 
excitement involved in the effort to    
throw off the irritating substance      
wastes the energy and life of the       
system4 ,after alcohol has produced     
disease of the stomach it next expends  
its force upon the neighboring organs1  
inducing disease of the liver and dropsy
 or ,bright's disease1 both of which are
 fatal to health1 if not to life4  ,the 
life insurance companies understand it4 
,their figures show that while a        
temperate young man at twenty may       
reasonably look forward to forty-four   
years and two months of life1 the young 
man of the same age who poisons his     

system with drink can expect not more   
than fifteen years and six months4 ,he  
who uses alcohol becomes an easy prey of
 epidemics2 his system cannot resist the
 poison of diphtheria1 cholera and      
fevers4  ,to make good blood we require 
good food1 pure water1 pure air1        
sunlight and exercise4 ,either foul air 
or impure water poisons the blood4 ,if  
you don't throw off two pounds and      
three-quarters of effete matter every   
twenty-four hours through the lungs and 
two pounds through the pores you must   
expect sooner or later to fall4 ,nothing
 is more essential than pure air4       
,impure air is the source of our ship   
fevers4  ,cleanliness has been classed  
as akin to godliness4 ,it certainly     
takes high rank in equalizing the       
circulation4 ,the jockeys appreciate its
 importance4 ,how regularly and         
carefully they groom their horses6 ,is  
not man as precious as the horse8 ,every
 man should groom himself every         
morning--sponge himself from head to    

foot with water of the temperature of   
the room in which he sleeps4 ,the       
purpose of wetting the surface is merely
 to make the friction of a rough towel  
more effective as it is rubbed over the 
person4 ,you should not sleep in any    
garment that you wear by day1 and the   
room in which you sleep should be       
perfectly ventilated by a fireplace and 
a partly opened window if possible4     
,illustration3 ,,peter ,j4 ,,panchot1   
,first ,winner ,u4 ,s4 ,six-day         
,go-as-you-please ,champion ,belt2      
making #dhj miles and defeating #dj     
competitors4  ,illustration3 ,,blower   
,,brown1  ,second ,winner ,six-day      
,go-as-you-please ,english ,champion    
,belt1 making over #edb miles1 ,april1  
#ahgi4  ,illustration3 ,,edward ,,payson
 ,,weston1 the ,american ,long-distance 
,walker4  ,if1 after you have observed  
the rules of hygiene to the extent      
indicated you have cold feet and limbs  
and indigestion and a tendency to       
vertigo1 plunge your feet into water as 

hot as you can bear it1 and keep them   
there five minutes4 ,then put them into 
cold water for a second4  8,cool head1  
free bowels1 warm feet and a            
good-salary0 is the old aphorism4 ,if   
you suffer your feet to get cold you are
 in danger of apoplexy of the brain or  
of the lungs4 ,cold feet are very likely
 to be associated with a sluggish state 
of the bowels4 ,the feet are cold       
because there is too much blood in one  
place and too little in another4 ,cold  
feet follow the breaking of an          
equilibrium of the circulation4         
,sedentary occupations are provocative  
of cold feet4 ,if you keep the skin     
clean and the bowels free and take      
moderate exercise you will maintain an  
equilibrium of circulation1 and this    
equalized circulation will keep the feet
 warm4 ,when the feet are cold it is    
better to warm them with exercise than  
at a fire4 ,look at the wood chopper1   
swinging his arms so that his hands slap
 his sides4 ,thus he carries the blood  

to his hands1 and it warms them4 ,that  
is the best warmth for either4 ,there is
 a vast difference between the longevity
 of men who take care of themselves and 
of those who do not4 ,it is1 as the life
 insurance companies' tables show1 as   
thirty-five is to about seventy4 ,the   
man who bows to all the known laws of   
hygiene not only lives longer1 but is   
able also to enter into all the joys of 
life without the aches and pains4       
,,the ,,late ,,john ,,morrissey',s      
,,views4   ,the ,honorable ,john        
,morrissey1 ex-champion pugilist of     
,america1 in conversation with us about 
diet1 said3  8,mr4 ,james1 you can form 
no idea of the glorious feeling that a  
man experiences when he gets himself in 
perfect condition4 ,everything in the   
world looks different to him from what  
it does when his system is clogged up   
with bile1 and he is carrying a quantity
 of flesh that is only a burden to him4 
,it is almost impossible to get a man   
when in such a condition into a bad     

humor4 ,he feels like a young colt1 and 
wants to kick up his heels and have a   
good time with everybody and everything 
he meets40 ,his course of training was  
as follows3  ,,first4 ,take a black     
draught4 ,any druggist will put it up4  
,all prize-fighters take this when they 
begin to train for a fight4 ,you'll find
 it the liveliest dose of medicine you  
ever took4  ,,second4 ,be sure and get  
at least seven or eight hours of good   
sound sleep every day4  ,,third4 ,in the
 morning when you first get up drink a  
glass of hard cider with a raw egg in   
it4 ,if the cider is not to be had then 
use sherry wine1 but ,i prefer the      
cider4 ,then start out and walk briskly 
for a couple of miles4 ,when you come   
back take a sponge bath and rub yourself
 dry with a coarse towel4 ,bub until    
your skin is all aglow4  ,,fourth4 ,for 
breakfast eat a lean steak1 cooked rare1
 and stale bread4 ,use no milk1 no      
sugar1 no butter1 and no potatoes1 with 
the exception of about once a week4 ,if 

you wish you can eat a roast or baked   
potato in the morning4 ,drink sparingly 
of tea and coffee4 ,tea is the best4    
,,fifth4 ,for dinner eat rare roast beef
 and stale bread4 ,use no potatoes or   
vegetables of any kind with this meal4  
,for change you can have occasionally a 
mutton chop4  ,,sixth4 ,for supper1 a   
lean steak or a mutton chop1 without    
fat4 ,do not eat any warm biscuits or   
warm bread1 at any time4 ,stick to good 
wholesome stale wheat bread4 ,eat no    
pies1 cakes or pastry of any kind1 and  
use pepper1 salt and all other          
seasonings very sparingly4  ,,seventh4  
,use no stimulants of any kind4 ,do not 
smoke4 ,drink sparingly of water4 ,do   
not eat berries or vegetables of any    
kind1 excepting occasionally a raw      
onion4  ,,eighth4 ,if you feel weak in  
the morning before breakfast1 it comes  
from the bathing1 and it should be      
discontinued for a few days4  ,the      
system for hardening the muscles1 etc41 
most approved of by the ,senator and the

 leading pugilists1 is being first      
sponged with a decoction of arnica      
flowers1 alum1 borax and ,jamaica rum1  
then bathed with hartshorn liniment1 and
 an application of white wine vinegar   
mixed with alum and borax to the face   
and hands4 ,the proportions of the      
ingredients used in the sponge bath have
 hitherto been a profound secret with   
the professional trainer4 ,for the      
benefit of the fraternity we here print 
them3 ,take two pounds of arnica        
flowers1 five cents' worth of borax1    
five cents' worth of alum1 and steep all
 together1 after pulverizing the alum   
and borax1 in a gallon or so of ,jamaica
 rum1 and after letting it steep for    
twenty-four hours1 apply as before      
stated4     ,,training ,,in ,,regard    
,,to ,,pugilism ,,and ,,wrestling4      
,the work necessary to reduce or        
otherwise bring the pugilist into       
something like condition will be1 of    
course1 nearly if not precisely similar 
to the training required for a          

pedestrian or other match4 ,the         
physicing will require great attention2 
all drastic and griping medicines are to
 be avoided1 if possible1 and cases will
 occur from time to time where no       
medicine ought to be given whatever4    
,the man in one of these instances will 
be in a low state1 and require feeding  
and training up4 ,in another1 the body  
will be in so open and relaxed a state  
that the prescribing and giving the     
usual dose would be followed to a       
certainty by the patient training right 
off1 and failing into a low and         
prostrate condition4 ,in the general    
state of health1 however1 which         
characterizes the pugilist when matched 
to fight 7with a full habit of body1    
flushed countenance1 and a pulse full   
and slow71 the usual dose1 salts1 etc41 
may be introduced with advantage1 but   
the quantities and frequent use left to 
the usual habit of the man1 or to the   
judgment of the trainer4 ,the physicing 
and preparation for the hard work should

 occupy the first week2 and the number  
of sweats taken during the second week  
should be regulated by the state of     
inside and the loose flesh on the body4 
,a sharp run will soon show the state of
 the inside by the state of 8the        
bellows10 whether the wind is short or  
not1 and the manner in which the looser 
flesh shakes when sparring is a pretty  
fair criterion of there being a good    
quantity of outside superfluity to get  
away4 ,he ought to be rubbed down after 
his runs and fast walks1 and dry clothes
 put on in a warm1 dry room4 ,the loss  
of weight should be gradual4 ,if1 on the
 contrary1 the loss be too rapid1 and   
continue daily1 the reducing system must
 cease1 and feeding up take the place of
 sweating for a few days until the      
system is restored4 ,the meals1 of      
course1 must be taken regularly1 and    
consist of the same kind of animal food 
as recommended previously1 and the      
beverage most suited to the constitution
 of the man taken in small              

quantities--the kind and quantity1 of   
course1 being left to the judgment of   
the trainer4 ,wine is principally given 
when the man has to be trained up1 and  
then good old port wine will be found to
 be of the most service4 ,the pugilists 
of the present day strengthen the arms1 
loins1 and shoulders by hitting out at a
 striking-bag suspended from a beam1 and
 a large bladder hung in like manner2 by
 exercise with pulleys1 the ropes       
passing over wheels and having weights  
attached2 plenty of practice with the   
gloves1 diversified with the use of a   
skipping-rope1 and finally1 but by no   
means of minor importance1 by continual 
sharp practice with dumb-bells of about 
seven pounds weight or under4 ,good     
condition in the pugilist will be shown 
by the healthy state of the skin1 which 
will be clear1 with a ruddy tinge       
underneath1 as well as soft1 with the   
muscles underneath swelling and feeling 
firm to the touch at every movement of  
the limb or portion under manipulation4 

,the eye will be clear and bright1 and a
 look of confidence and ease of mind    
characterize the expression and looks of
 the athlete4 ,as regards the pickle for
 the hands and face1 the nostrums for   
the first are legion1 and one as good as
 another2 but we believe that nothing is
 better than the simple juice of a lemon
 for the latter1 and which will be found
 to answer every intended purpose4  ,the
 trainer ought to be chosen with regard 
to his conversational powers1 as well as
 for his knowledge of what is requisite 
for the physical health of his pupil1   
that he may amuse and instruct him to   
the fullest extent of his power4 ,the   
trainer should inform him1 if possible1 
of all the peculiarities of the         
antagonist1 his mode of attack and      
method of defense1 the weak points of   
his temper1 or any physical deficiency  
under which he might labor1 as well as  
the manner in which he may have won or  
lost any previous battle4 ,and1 as in   
many cases the first or second telling  

may not have the effect of raising the  
curiosity of his man1 the patience of   
the trainer should not give way under   
the repetition before the slow and      
obtuse curiosity is roused to such an   
extent that the pugilist commences the  
interrogation in his turn1 and becomes  
anxious in his inquiries for            
information1 which will almost          
invariably be the case when he finds out
 the importance that the trainer's      
continued repetitions have invested the 
apparent trifles with4     ,,principal  
,,muscles ,,used ,,by ,,the ,,athlete4  
,in high jumping1 the front muscles of  
the thigh are principally used4 ,they   
are attached at one end to the top part 
of the thigh bone1 at the ocher to the  
knee cap1 which passes over the knee1   
and is fixed to the top part of the shin
 bone4 ,in the act of jumping1 these    
muscles contract violently1 and         
straighten the leg with a jerk1 the     
quickness of which mainly contributes to
 the height of the jump4  ,in long      

jumping1 the muscles of the back part of
 the thigh are used2 these are attached 
to the back part of the shin bone at one
 end1 and to the lower part of the      
pelvis at the other1 and by contracting 
draw the leg backwards on the trunk4    
,this action is also assisted by the    
glutus maximus1 which is fixed at one   
end of the top part of the thigh1 at the
 other to the lowest part of the        
vertebral column4  ,in long distance    
running1 the front and back muscles of  
the thigh are used in equal proportions2
 the former in raising the body at every
 stride1 the latter in propelling it    
forward4 ,but in the case of running on 
the toes1 the calf of the leg will be   
the weak part2 so much so that no amount
 of practice will enable some1          
especially heavy men1 to run any        
distance on their toes4  ,in short      
distance running1 the front muscles of  
the thigh which lie nearest to the      
trunk1 bring the leg forward in the     
rapid repetition of the strides4 ,these 

are a different set from those that     
straighten the leg1 and are used in long
 distance running2 they are attached at 
one end to the lower and front part of  
the pelvis1 and at the other end to the 
top part of the thigh bone4 ,the back   
muscles of the thigh are the same that  
are used in long distance running for   
propelling the body forwards4 ,a narrow 
pelvis is a great assistance in this1 as
 indeed in all running2 for on the      
narrowness of the pelvis facility in    
repeating the strides principally       
depends4  ,in throwing the hammer1 more 
depends on the swing than on the        
strength of any particular muscle1      
though the strain comes more            
particularly on the small of the        
back--that is1 on the muscles which     
raise and keep the back erect1 and are  
attached to all the vertebra of the     
spine4  ,in putting the stone1 the      
muscles called particularly into action 
are the front part of the deltoid1 which
 is attached to the top part of the arm1

 and at the other end to the collar     
bone1 and brings the arm upwards and    
forwards2 the top part of the pectoral  
muscle1 which also runs from the top of 
the arm to the collar bone1 and brings  
the arm forwards2 the triceps1 which is 
fixed at one end of the shoulder and    
shoulder blade1 and at the other end of 
the forearm1 below the elbow1 and       
extends the arm at the elbow joint4 ,the
 feet are also assisted by a            
simultaneous spring with the legs1 and a
 rapid turn of the body4  ,in walking1  
the muscles of the whole body are       
brought into action more than in any of 
the other exercises we have alluded to4 
,the arms and back assist the legs      
greatly in changing the balance of the  
body1 and in bringing the hips forward  
at each stride4 ,the calf of the leg has
 much work to do1 even as much as       
running on the toes4 ,the muscle1       
however1 that suffers most is that which
 rises on the outside of the shin bone1 
near the knee1 and runs down the leg1   

crossing the shin near the ankle1 to be 
inserted near the inside of the sole of 
the foot4 ,this muscle raises the foot1 
and draws it back towards the leg at the
 end of the stride1 and also points the 
heel at the commencement2 so that in    
fast walking it has no rest1 and        
consequently becomes very painful4 ,the 
front and back muscles of the thigh also
 come in for a large share of work4     
,the following measurements are an      
average of the dimensions of some of the
 best runners1 and may be taken as a    
fair guide of what the proportion of the
 limbs should be respectively3          
,height    #e;ft4 #f;in4   #e;ft4 #h;in4
   #e;ft4 #aj;in4    #f;ft4   ,weight   
#aaflbs4     #acclbs4     #adilbs4      
#afhlbs4   ,chest      #ce;in4          
#cg;in4       #ci;in4         #dj;in4   
,waist      #bg;in4       #bh;in4       
#bi;in4         #ca;in4   ,hips         
#cd;in4       #ce;in4      #cg;in4      
#ch;in4   ,thigh      #bj;in4           
#ba;in4       #bb;in4         #bc;in4   

,calf       #ac;in4      #ad;in4        
#ad;in4        #ae;in4  ,the dimensions 
of the chest may appear small at first  
sight1 but it must be remembered that   
the runner has no muscles of the        
shoulder blades to increase his         
measurement4 ,a well-made runner has not
 that top-heavy appearance that         
characterizes the gymnast who does much 
arm work4     ,,temperament4   ,the     
,sanguine ,temperament belongs to that  
class with bright1 ruddy complexion1    
light hair1 and full circulation4 ,their
 disposition is energetic and spirited1 
but their power of resisting disease or 
of bearing protracted exercise is not   
great1 and their ardent character is    
rather the result of nervous            
excitability than of vital force4 ,their
 power lies in dash rather than in      
endurance4  ,the ,bilious ,temperament  
is of an opposite description4 ,the     
circulation is sluggish1 the disposition
 persevering and obstinate2 the         
constitution as a rule is tough1 and is 

capable of severe tasks1 under which the
 sanguine would succumb4 ,these men are 
good subjects for training1 but they    
require good food and much exercise4    
,illustration3 ,,noted ,,swimmers4      
#a4 ,geo4 ,werhan4   #b4 ,fred4         
,beckwith4   #c4 ,capt4 ,m4 ,webb4   #d4
 ,e4 ,von ,shoening4   #e4 ,geo4 ,f4    
,ferns4   #f4 ,geo4 ,wade4   #g4 ,wm4   
,h4 ,daly4   #h4 ,h4 ,troutz4   #i4 ,wm4
 ,beckwith4  ,illustration3 ,,william   
,,muldoon1 ,wrestler4  ,the ,lymphatic  
are of a pale complexion1 with delicate 
skins and full habit of body4 ,there is 
a torpor about their mental as well as  
muscular actions4 ,when subject to      
disease they become peevish and are     
difficult to treat4 ,when united to a   
nervous disposition1 they are perhaps   
the worst class of men for training1    
though we sometimes find much latent    
energy in them4 ,to a certain extent1   
nervousness is overcome by habit2 but   
the nutrition of the nerve power ought  
to be the main point in the advancement 

of health4 ,the nerves are the          
controllers of the actions2 they        
regulate the contraction of muscles in  
the activity of the body4 ,the work done
 by the muscles depends on the proper   
adjustment of the mechanism1 their      
guidance and activity on the energy of  
the nerves4 ,the important work that the
 nerves fulfill is evident1 when we     
consider that the brain itself needs one
 fifth of the whole supply of the blood 
in the body4 ,it must suffer1 therefore1
 if the supply of air to the blood is   
bad4 ,how easily is accounted for the   
dull aching of the temples of the       
athlete accustomed to pure air in a     
badly ventilated theatre or room4 ,if   
deficient oxidation of the blood is the 
cause of derangement to the nervous     
system1 blood of bad quality must be    
equally hurtful to the muscular4 ,the   
sensibilities of the internal organs are
 the disposition of each person to such 
a degree as to be influenced by the     
slightest sensation of pain1 joy1 grief1

 or any feeling of the mind4 ,the       
reaction affects the muscular system2   
all the functions of body are carried on
 by a system of self and mutual help1 so
 intimately united together as to be    
dependent for proficiency on one        
another4     ,,growth ,,and ,,decay4    
,the food after mastication by the      
teeth1 and solution by the action of the
 saliva1 gastric and other juices1 is   
taken up by a system of vessels1 and1   
mingling with the venous blood1 is      
carried to the heart1 whence it is sent 
to the lungs to be aerated1 and back    
again by another set of vessels to the  
heart1 to be finally pumped through the 
arteries to all parts of the body1      
carrying materials for the repair of the
 tissue1 and production of heat4 ,in the
 very minute terminations of the        
capillary arteries in those structures1 
where the molecular change of the body  
goes on1 the current of the blood is    
very slow1 to enable the warmth and     
sustenance of the body to be kept up by 

the chemical actions of destruction and 
reproduction of tissue4 ,the oxygen in  
the arterial blood obtained from the    
lungs is carried throughout the system  
and assists these actions1 therefore    
perfect respiration and pure air are the
 great promoters of change of tissue4   
,this shows the necessity of the blood  
being in a sufficiently liquid state to 
hold gases and nutritive matter in      
solution for the purposes of oxydizing  
tissue and of forming flesh4 ,the amount
 of water in the blood determines to a  
great extent the health of the body1 the
 blood being the organ of the vital     
processes of change4 ,the severe        
restrictions on liquid imposed on those 
in training1 who by arduous exercise    
waste much tissue and need much repair1 
are1 therefore1 physiologically wrong4  
,the action of the air on the skin      
stimulates the secretion1 and exercise1 
indirectly raising the heat of the body1
 induces perspiration1 which is nature's
 remedy to keep the temperature of the  

body constant4 ,evaporation and         
secretion require water4 ,on a daily    
average1 #blb4 of water is thrown off by
 the skin in moderate exercise4 ,water  
forms #gj per cent4 of the whole body1  
and for the digestive fluids the        
proportion of water to solid is as #ab  
to #a4 ,liquidity is necessary1 also1   
for the actual processes of decay and   
repair1 by causing the passage of fluids
 of different densities through the     
various animal membranes from the       
oxydation of venous blood in the moist  
air of the lung cells to the repair of  
tissue by the smallest capillary in the 
extremities4  ,want of liquid causes a  
stagnation of the circulation1 an       
inflammatory state of the body1 and     
excites the nervous system to an        
extraordinary degree4 ,owing to this    
want1 under the usual system of training
 regimen1 the body is frequently in a   
state of fever about the second week1   
until either the trainee gives up the   
preparation1 or his constitution has    

temporarily accommodated itself to the  
change at the expense of his vital      
energy4  ,the nourishment of the body by
 the food taken is important in its     
regard to health1 and its variety4 ,the 
primary object of food is to form blood1
 and according to the condition in which
 the body receives it1 greater or less  
nutriment1 at the same expense of vital 
activity1 can be obtained4 ,the         
assistance of nature1 by proper cooking 
and careful selection of articles1 is in
 our own hands4 ,our vegetables should  
be well cooked1 and the animal food     
ought to be done so as to retain the    
juices of the meat4 ,let it be rather   
under than overdone4 ,brown meat is more
 nutritious than white4 ,if the         
digestion is good1 the athlete need not 
be particular as to description of food4
 ,rich sauces are not to be recommended1
 or even heavy puddings1 but jellies and
 light ones are most acceptable4 ,a     
healthy1 robust man1 in hard work1 may  
eat nearly anything in moderation4 ,the 

food should be well masticated1 to      
enable the saliva to dissolve the       
starchy matter in it1 and also to       
prevent a sudden loading of the stomach4
 ,the blood during digestion is         
principally employed about the stomach4 
,exercise or mental work1 therefore1    
directly after a meal1 will retard the  
operation of digestion by taking away   
the blood to the limbs or brain4  ,great
 mental activity requires much repose4  
,in the winter more sleep is required   
than in the summer1 from the fact that  
the activity of the system1 in keeping  
up its warmth1 etc41 though of shorter  
duration1 is greater4 ,sleep after food 
is often required by nervous persons of 
weak digestion1 but the athlete is      
better without it1 an amusing book1     
light study1 etc41 taking its place4 ,a 
mattress gives the soundest sleep4 ,the 
quantity of clothing should be          
sufficient to keep up a gentle          
exhalation from the skin4 ,the wasting  
of the body to reduce weight is         

frequently carried to a ridiculous      
extent4 ,it has been proved that the    
body in daily work loses about #a-bdth  
of its weight1 and that life ceases when
 the waste has reduced it to #c-eths of 
its original weight4 ,in the nerves1    
however1 the loss is hardly perceptible2
 while the fat suffers in double the    
proportion of the muscles1 #ij and #de  
per cent4 respectively4  ,this may well 
explain the nervous excitability of the 
body when kept beyond its regular time  
for food1 or when supplied with food of 
deficient quality4 ,the arrangement of  
the internal mechanism must go on1      
respiration continues1 circulation and  
heat result1 at the expense of the      
machine itself4 ,by regularity in meals 
the stomach accommodates itself to the  
changes of action and repose1 and the   
system harmonizes with it4     ,,meats1 
,,etc41 ,,to ,,be ,,avoided4   ,veal1   
pork1 and salt beef or bacon should be  
avoided2 also goose1 duck1 and wildfowl 
generally2 as well as butter1 cucumbers1

 sweets1 and all seasonings1 except salt
 with a little black pepper4 ,venery    
should not be indulged in under any     
circumstances while training4           
,,natural ,,sweating4   ,put on extra   
clothing over those parts more          
particularly which are loaded with fat4 
,thus1 if the legs are very fat1 two or 
three pair of trowsers should be drawn  
on2 if the abdomen is full1 then a      
double apron of flannel should be       
suspended from the neck under the       
trowsers2 and if the arms and neck are  
loaded1 two or three thick undershirts  
may be worn1 and a woolen shawl wrapped 
round the neck4 ,when thus clothed1 a   
brisk walk or a slow run of two or three
 miles brings on a profuse perspiration1
 which may be kept up for an hour or so 
by being covered with blankets1 or by   
lying in front of a good fire2 the      
clothes should be then stripped off1    
beginning with the upper part of the    
body1 and sponging each with hot salt   
water1 before drying it with a coarse   

towel1 after which horse-hair gloves    
should be used freely4 ,the dressing may
 be as usual1 taking care to expose each
 limb as short a time as possible4      
,,artificial ,,sweating4   ,take a      
,turkish bath1 or the whole body should 
be stripped and immediately wrapped in a
 sheet wrung out of cold water1 but not 
so as to get rid of all the water2 then1
 rolling the patient in a thick blanket1
 inclosing the arms1 like a mummy1 he is
 placed beneath a feather bed1 covering 
all up to the chin4 ,in a quarter of an 
hour or so reaction comes on1 and a most
 profuse perspiration breaks out over   
the whole body4 ,when the sweating has  
continued from an hour to an hour and a 
half1 everything should be taken off1   
and cold water poured over the whole    
body by means of a shower bath2 then rub
 dry and clothe4     ,,sweating         
,,liquors4   ,a scruple of ,dover's     
powder at night1 or half a pint of whey 
made with white wine1 and with thirty   
drops each of antimonial wine1 and sweet

 spirits of nitre added4 ,care should be
 taken to rub the whole body with       
horse-hair gloves night and morning4    
,,treatment ,,of ,,the ,,feet1 ,,hands1 
,,sinews1 ,,etc4   ,the chief cause of  
tender feet rests with the socks and    
shoes or boots in which the pedestrian  
may commence his work4 ,by no means     
attempt work in new boots1 or in those1 
however well seasoned1 that are not of  
sufficient length and width in the tread
 and across the toes4 ,the thickness1 so
 as they are of a sound double sole and 
perfectly water-tight at the lower part1
 does not so much matter2 but a few     
days' use will soon prove to the        
training man that a rather stout pair   
will keep his feet sounder and be of    
more comfort to him1 in a long journey1 
than the lighter kind1 ,different men1  
however1 are of various opinions2 but   
,westhall1 during a long experience1    
found that a pair of boots laced up the 
front and reaching a trifle above the   
ankle and of medium stoutness1 answered 

every purpose required by anyone who is 
satisfied with doing well4 ,a very thick
 pair1 of course1 may be kept in reserve
 for very wet and muddy weather1 when   
slow work only will be advisable to be  
taken4 ,should the pedestrian1 however1 
be obstinate1 and take fast work in the 
heavy boots1 he will in most cases be   
punished by sore shins1 which will prove
 a source of such trouble that the      
lighter sort of boots will be in        
requisition for the future4 ,the socks  
should be of an easy fit and of fine    
warm lambs'-wool4 ,the chief care about 
the socks1 however1 is taking the       
precaution that a pair of socks should  
never be worn a second time until       
thoroughly aired1 and if possible a     
supply should be so provided that they  
may be rinsed out in cold water1 and    
then dried before again being worn4     
,the above precautions will prove of the
 greatest value to those who have feet  
given to sweating1 and in some instances
 have proved an effectual cure for the  

inconvenience4 ,the toenails should be  
attended to regularly1 and the shape of 
the foot will be the best criterion for 
their treatment4 ,to prevent the hands  
from swelling1 a short stick or switch1 
carried in the hand will be efficacious 
while walking about4 ,strains are of    
frequent occurrence1 and chiefly arise  
from the man making some sudden effort  
when the tendons or the fascia 7the thin
 covering7 of the muscles are stiff and 
sore from previous hard work4 ,the      
tendon ,achilles--from the heel to the  
calf of the leg--is the principal seat  
of the most dangerous of the strains of 
the tendons1 and is incurable except by 
rest1 and that of some duration4 ,should
 there be any swelling and hardening of 
the injured portion of the tendon1 do   
not attempt any methods of              
self-treatment1 but seek medical advice4
 ,all strains are assisted in their cure
 by bandaging1 but they should not be   
applied until hot fomentations for some 
time have been applied1 and finished up 

by the application of the embrocation1  
with plenty of friction1 before a fire4 
,,soft ,,corns4--,pick off with the     
nails as much as possible2 next day     
apply caustic1 rubbing it in2 afterward 
keep a piece of carded cotton between   
the toes night and day4     ,,hard      
,,corns4--,pare off the hard cuticle2   
then apply tincture of iodine with a    
brush or caustic4     ,,hardening ,,the 
,,flesh4--,lemon juice is one of the    
simplest and best for rubbing on the    
hand4 ,horseradish grated and mixed with
 vinegar is also good4 ,whiskey poured  
in the shoe is frequently used4         
,,bunions4--,apply two or three leeches 
every day for a week2 when the bites are
 well1 brush with tincture of iodine    
every other day4 ,an application of     
8,papier ,fayard0 is sometimes very     
beneficial4     ,,boils4--,apply linseed
 poultice1 or open it with a knife4 ,if 
on the 8seat of honor10 apply a plaster 
spread on leather1 and composed of equal
 parts of mercurial and opiate plaster4 

,do not use the knife4 ,to those subject
 to boils use the following as a        
preventative3 take nitrate of silver1   
from fifteen to twenty grains to the    
ounce1 made into a wash1 and paint the  
surface every night4 ,this turns the    
skin black1 but do not mind that4       
,,strains4--,the following is the       
receipt of ,westhall's stimulating      
embrocation3 ,spirits of wine1  pint2   
spirits of turpentine1  pint2 white     
vinegar1  pint4 ,mix thoroughly1 warm by
 the fire1 beat up a fresh egg1 and mix 
gradually with the spirits1 etc42 shake 
the bottle well4     ,,sprains4--,for   
sprained ankle1 make a flannel bag about
 a foot long by six inches wide1 which  
fill with bran and plunge into boiling  
water until thoroughly saturated2 then  
squeeze almost dry1 and apply it as hot 
as the patient can bear on the weak     
part4 ,there should be a couple of bags1
 so that when one application gets cool 
fresh heat may be immediately applied4  
,,chapped ,,hands1 ,,etc4--,smear over  

the parts chapped with glycerine1 by    
means of a brush or feather1 night and  
morning4     ,,blisters4--,prick with a 
fine needle before they burst1 inserting
 the needle obliquely1 and the water    
presses out1 repeating whenever the     
blister fills again4 ,if the blister is 
broken1 apply collodion with a brush2 if
 too painful1 use finely carded         
medicated cotton in a thin layer1 under 
a kid glove1 or powdered gum-arabic1    
taking care to keep the hands from water
 for twenty-four hours4 ,for feet       
blisters1 spread a piece of kid with    
soap-plaster1 applying over the skin2   
also bathe in strong salt water mixed   
with powdered alum and vinegar4 ,if     
large1 run a stocking-needle threaded   
with white worsted through2 then cut the
 end off1 leaving the worsted in the    
blister until the water runs out4 ,do   
not leave off washing the feet in salt  
water1 etc41 as this will act as a      
preventative4  ,illustration3    ,,larry
 ,,foley1      ,,jack ,,thompson1       

,noted ,australian ,pugilists4          
,illustration3 ,,john ,,ennis1          
,long-distance ,walker4  ,illustration3 
,,charles ,a4 ,,harriman1  ,american    
,long-distance ,walker4     ,,exercise1 
,,sun ,,baths1 ,,etc4   ,the increasing 
interest in the matter of healthy       
exercise is shown by the number of      
athletic clubs and gymnasiums throughout
 the country1 especially so in our      
colleges of learning and public         
institutions4 ,most of these have every 
gymnastic appliance1 as also professors 
to give instruction2 but where such do  
not exist a complete outfit at a very   
moderate expense can be obtained1 all   
ready for use4 ,the rowing machine has  
been previously described4 ,the health  
lift1 as a gentle exercise1 is rapidly  
becoming an institution of necessity to 
persons of sedentary habits1 and brings 
into action1 when properly used1 as many
 muscles of the human frame as any other
 exercise1 and yet consumes but a few   
moments of time daily1 which of itself  

is an important item to brain-workers   
and industrious humanity generally4 ,it 
is so adjustable as to be alike suited  
for the weakest1 strongest1 shortest and
 tallest persons of either sex4 ,indian 
clubs1 dumb-bells1 trapeze bar and rings
 and striking bag may all be readily    
obtained1 and1 simpler still for in-door
 exercise1 ,goodyear's ,patent ,parlor  
,gymnasium1 which can be used by ladies 
and children without any fear of strain 
or the slightest jar to the system4 ,dr4
 ,dio ,lewis1 in his work on ,new       
,gymnastics1 gives a series of movements
 and illustrations without the aid of   
any auxiliaries1 so that there can be no
 possible excuse for neglecting         
exercise4 ,sun and air baths1 involving 
no expense1 can always be had4 ,by these
 we mean exposing the body naked a      
certain portion of the day to their     
effects4 ,it was the custom of ,john    
,quincy ,adams to walk up and down his  
bedroom nude1 and with open windows as a
 preventative of colds4 ,this he        

practiced both winter and summer1 with  
the desired effect1 living to be over   
eighty4 ,with a view still more to the  
assistance and preservation of nature1  
,general ,pleasanton has written an     
elaborate work1 claiming wonderful      
effects in nervous diseases from the    
sun's rays as reflected through blue    
glass panes1 and his theory is          
extensively practiced with very         
encouraging results4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,r4   
,elliott of this city1 an athlete as    
well as a very skillful physician and   
scientist1 has found that in some cases 
the blue glass alone produces too strong
 an effect1 and believes that alternate 
blue and white strips1 two or three     
inches wide1 engender the proper form   
and quantity of electricity2 and we     
therefore suggest that his plan be      
adopted4 ,the patient should sit for an 
hour or more daily in such position     
that1 whatever part of the body is      
affected1 may be acted upon by the rays 
thus received4 ,where advice can be had 

it is better to obtain it1 as all       
persons cannot even take electricity in 
the same manner1 quantity or proportion4
 ,the glass should not be colored on the
 surface alone1 but through and through1
 of a deep mazarine hue4                
,,baths--,,hot1 ,,cold1 ,,etc4   ,the   
use of water cannot be too much applied 
to any athlete as regards outward       
application1 but of course cold is the  
most beneficial if the constitution of  
the recipient be of sufficient vigor2   
and there are but very few indeed who   
are so delicate as to require tepid or  
warm water2 but even the latter are     
better than the absence1 even partially1
 of the bath4 ,cold baths may be taken  
anyhow and anywhere1 provided the whole 
of the body is immersed or thoroughly   
sponged over1 but the most decided      
benefit will be derived from the plunge 
bath4 ,however1 equally successful      
results may be gained by the use of a   
large bath well filled with water1 the  
body being well sluiced with the water  

from a large sponge4 ,the shower is also
 of great benefit1 but in some          
conditions of body the sudden shock has 
rendered the nervous system so irritable
 that it has undone all the good        
intended by the reaction4 ,where there  
is not the convenience of a bath of any 
kind1 a towel dipped in water and the   
body thoroughly and briskly rubbed will 
insure a thorough cleansing of the pores
 of the skin1 and of course a           
proportionate share of vigor given to   
the frame4 ,in the present system of    
training1 the pedestrian puts on his    
sweaters and does the work set him by   
his trainer1 and then1 when he is in a  
state of perfect perspiration1 he throws
 off his wet and reeking flannels1 and  
takes his shower with the greatest      
unconcern1 knowing that the friction    
which is afterwards applied will restore
 the proper heat of the body after the  
sudden shock of the shower has closed   
the pores of the skin for the time and  
relieved him of all his previous        

fatigue4 ,the rubbing restores the      
circulation of the small blood-vessels  
of the skin1 and so strong and fresh do 
the pedestrians feel after this         
treatment that1 when dressed1 they all  
declare they feel no remains of their   
previous fatigue4 ,nothing but good has 
accrued from the treatment1 and those   
who have undergone a trial of the sweat 
and shower swear by the method4  ,the   
,turkish bath is only fit to reduce an  
infirm and obese man to something like  
weight to begin work1 and can only be   
looked upon as a luxury1 and not an     
adjunct to training1 besides being far  
from healthy4 ,the hot bath is of course
 required when a man is stiff and tired 
all over from cold or overfatigue1 when 
they will modify the symptoms2 but1 as  
they are so simple and so easily        
obtainable1 they require no further     
comment4 ,a vapor bath is of            
considerable use in assisting a healthy 
and fat man to reduce his weight2 but   
after sweating he must be rubbed with a 

wet cloth1 or have a shower2 he should  
then put on a set or two of flannels1   
and do at least an hour of severe work1 
during which time the reducing process  
will be going on in perfection4 ,on     
arriving home the wet towel should be   
applied1 or a sponging with cold water2 
after a good rub1 and fresh clothing    
being donned1 it will be found there has
 been a good morning's work             
accomplished4  ,the vapor bath can be   
made in a very home-spun and simple     
manner1 but equally efficacious with    
those attached to baths of large name1  
etc4 ,a washing or any other flat tub1 a
 third filled with very hot water1 in   
which is placed a stool1 will do for the
 ground-work of the vapor4 ,take your   
seat on the stool1 the feet of course   
outside the tub1 and be well covered    
with blankets round the neck1 and round 
the tub1 leaving an opening which can be
 closed at leisure4 ,having heated two  
or three large bricks to a red heat1 put
 one into the water1 and when cooled    

another1 until the bath has been        
prolonged a sufficient time4 ,this is a 
primitive but a very useful bath to put 
into use to relieve a bad cold1 or for  
any other service required at a short   
notice4     ,,thirst1 ,,medicine1 ,,etc4
   ,the chief punishment when a man is  
in the course of training requisite to  
reduce his bulk is thirst1 which is in  
most cases of rather a severe character4
 ,the same amount of pluck which enables
 the man to go through his work and     
adhere to other rules must be here      
called into requisition4 ,the best plan 
is to gargle the mouth1 but not swallow 
any2 but the application of cold water  
will be found to afford the greatest    
relief--washing the hands1 wrists1 and  
face freely will give relief2 a little  
pebble kept in the mouth is a very good 
thing1 but faithfully avoid all nostrums
 such as cream of tartar1 tartaric acid1
 etc41 when suffering from thirst1 as   
they only gratify the palate without    
relieving the craving for liquid        

immediately the acid taste has passed1  
when the before troublesome feeling     
becomes much augmented4 ,should relief1 
however1 become imperative1 a small     
portion of powdered nitre will be       
followed by an immediate flow of saliva1
 which will give instant but            
unfortunately only partial ease4 ,there1
 however1 is no increase of the symptoms
 from the application of the remedy1    
which will assist the action of the     
kidneys1 and allay the accompanying     
fever of the system4 ,the chief cure is 
to wait until the next meal-time1 when  
the previous abstinence from stolen     
enjoyment will be rewarded by an        
approving conscience in having resisted 
a severe temptation4 ,the thirst will   
leave a man when he leaves off sweating4
     ,,weight ,,as ,,proportional ,,to  
,,height4     ,,height4                 
,,weight4    #e;ft4 #a;in4 should be    
#abj pounds4   #e;ft4 #b;in4            
#abf   8   #e;ft4 #c;in4           #acc 
8   #e;ft4 #d;in4           #acf   8    

#e;ft4 #e;in4           #adb   8        
#e;ft4 #f;in4           #ade   8        
#e;ft4 #g;in4           #adh   8        
#e;ft4 #h;in4           #aee   8        
#e;ft4 #i;in4           #afb   8        
#e;ft4 #aj;in4          #afi   8        
#e;ft4 #aa;in4          #agd   8        
#f;ft4 ----           #agh   8  ,the    
above table was formed by ,dr4          
,hutchingson1 and was taken from a mean 
average of #b1fdh healthy men4 ,by this 
scale life insurances are regulated in  
,england4 ,the ,doctor's calculations   
were made upon the volume of air passing
 in and out of the lungs1 and this was  
his guide as to how far the various     
organs of the body were in health1 and  
the lungs in particular4     ,,weight   
,,when ,,in ,,condition ,,for ,,athletic
 ,,feats4     ,,height4                 
,,weight4    #e;ft4 #a;in4  ,from #ajf  
to #aaa pounds4   #e;ft4 #b;in4         
#aab 8  #aae   8   #e;ft4 #c;in4        
#aag 8  #aah   8   #e;ft4 #d;in4        
#aai 8  #abe   8   #e;ft4 #e;in4        

#abe 8  #abi   8   #e;ft4 #f;in4        
#abh 8  #acd   8   #e;ft4 #g;in4        
#acc 8  #adj   8   #e;ft4 #h;in4        
#adj 8  #adg   8   #e;ft4 #i;in4        
#adh 8  #aed   8   #e;ft4 #aj;in4       
#aee 8  #afc   8   #e;ft4 #aa;in4       
#afe 8  #agd   8   #f;ft4 ----          
#age 8  #ahf   8  ,the proper           
measurement according to the height and 
weight3  ,,measurements4    ,height     
#e feet4   ,weight                 #ajc 
pounds4   ,neck                    #ab  
inches4   ,chest 7uninflated7      #cb  
8   ,wrist                    #e   8    
,ankle                    #g   8        
,,allowances4  ,the following allowances
 should be made where the dimensions are
 found to be greater than shown in the  
preceding table3    ,for every inch in  
height          #a pounds4   ,for every 
inch around neck            8   ,for    
every inch around chest       #a    8   
,for every  inch around wrist         8 
,for every  inch around ankle     #a    
8     ,,banting ,,on ,,corpulency4      

,the system of reducing corpulency as   
adopted by ,william ,banting1 an old    
retired merchant of ,london1 ,england1  
in #ahfc-d1 by the advice and direction 
of ,doctor ,william ,harvey1 of ,soho   
square1 in that city1 though not by any 
means admissible or advisable for       
training purposes1 we give the substance
 for the benefit of any one who feels   
interested4 ,at the time ,mr4 ,banting  
commenced his reducing system he was    
sixty-six years of age1 weighed #bjb    
pounds1 standing only #e;ft4 #e;in4 in  
height1 and1 having spent seven years in
 consultation with the greatest medical 
lights of ,england for relief of his    
affliction1 but in vain4 ,he had        
followed an active business life of     
fifty years1 and attributed his obesity 
not to neglect of necessary bodily      
activity nor from excessive eating1     
drinking1 or self-indulgence of any     
kind1 except that he partook of simple  
aliments of bread1 milk1 butter1 beer1  
sugar1 and potatoes more freely than his

 aged nature required1 and hence he     
believes the generation of the parasite1
 detrimental to comfort1 if not really  
to health4 ,he tried both rowing before 
breakfast for two hours and other bodily
 exercises2 also sea air and bathing in 
various localities2 took gallons of     
physic and liqure potassae1 rode much on
 horseback1 and tried the waters and    
climate of various springs in ,england1 
as well as ,turkish and vapor baths1    
shampooing1 etc4 ,banting could not     
stoop to tie his shoe1 had to walk      
backwards down stairs to save the jar of
 increased weight upon the ankle and    
knee-joints1 puffed and blowed at every 
exertion1 particularly going up stairs1 
suffered from an umbilical rupture1 had 
to wear a truss as well as knee         
bandages1 his sight failed and hearing  
became impaired1 he had indigestion1    
heartburn1 palpitation of the heart1 and
 could not attend to the little offices 
which humanity required without         
considerable pain and difficulty1 which 

only the corpulent man can understand4  
,upon consulting ,dr4 ,harvey1          
previously alluded to1 he was told that 
all his ailments were caused principally
 by corpulence1 and prescribed a certain
 diet1 no medicine beyond a morning     
cordial as a corrective1 with immense   
effect and advantage both to his hearing
 and the decrease of his corpulence4    
,the items from which he was advised to 
abstain as much as possible were bread1 
butter1 milk1 sugar1 parsnips1 beet     
root1 turnips1 carrots1 champagne1 port1
 beer and potatoes1 on account of their 
containing starch or saccharine matter1 
tending to create fat2 smoking was not  
prohibited4 ,this is the diet prescribed
 by ,doctor ,harvey3 for breakfast1 four
 or five ounces of beef1 mutton1        
kidneys1 broiled fish1 bacon1 or cold   
meat of any kind except pork1 owing to  
its fattening character2 or veal1 on    
account of its indigestible quality2 a  
large cup of tea 7without milk or       
sugar71 a little biscuit1 or one ounce  

of dry toast2 for dinner1 five or six   
ounces of any fish except salmon1       
herrings and eels 7owing to their oily  
nature72 any meat except pork or veal2  
any vegetable except potato1 parsnips1  
beet root1 turnips or carrots2 one ounce
 of dry toast1 fruit out of a pudding1  
any kind of poultry or game1 and two or 
three glasses of good claret1 sherry1 or
 madeira2 for tea1 two or three ounces  
of fruit1 a rusk or two1 and a cup of   
tea without milk or sugar2 for supper1  
three or four ounces of meat1 or fish1  
similar to dinner1 with a glass or two  
of claret--night-cap1 if required1 a    
tumbler of grog 7gin1 whiskey1 or       
brandy1 without sugar7 or a glass or two
 of claret or sherry4 ,eggs1 if not hard
 boiled1 are unexceptionable2 also      
cheese1 if sparingly used1 and plain    
boiled rice4  ,illustration3 ,t4 ,h4    
,,armstrong1 ,,jr41  ,who walked one    
mile in #f min4 #dd sec41 ,new ,york    
,city4  ,illustration3 ,,edward ,c4     
,,holske1 the ,celebrated ,young        

,american ,walker4  ,on rising in the   
morning1 between six and seven1 ,banting
 took a tablespoonful of a special      
corrective cordial1 not aperient1 and   
partook of solids and liquids as        
follows3 about five or six ounces solid 
and eight of liquid for breakfast2 eight
 ounces of solid and eight ounces of    
liquid for dinner2 three ounces of solid
 and eight of liquid for tea2 four      
ounces of solid and six ounces of liquid
 for supper and the grog afterwards4 ,he
 took his meals as follows3 breakfast   
between eight and nine2 dinner between  
one and two2 tea between five and six2  
supper at nine4 ,his former dietary     
table was bread and milk for breakfast1 
or a pint of tea with plenty of milk and
 sugar1 and buttered toast2 meat1 beer1 
much bread1 and pastry for dinner2 the  
tea similar to that of breakfast1 and   
generally a fruit tart or bread and milk
 for supper4     ,,the ,,reducing       
,,scale4   ,under the new dietary1      
,banting lost flesh according to the    

following scale3    ,on  #gth ,september
 it was #bjj pounds1 having lost #b     
pounds4   8  #bgth ,september   8       
#aig    8      8      8  #c more4   8   
#aith ,october     8    #aic    8      8
      8  #d   8   8   #ith ,november    
8    #aij    8      8      8  #c   8   8
    #c;d ,december    8    #ahg    8    
8      8  #c   8   8  #bdth ,december   
8    #ahd    8      8      8  #c   8   8
  #adth ,january     8    #ahb    8     
8      8  #b   8   8   #dth ,february   
8    #ahj    8      8      8  #b   8   8
  #beth ,february    8    #agh    8     
8      8  #b   8   8  #ahth ,march      
8    #agf    8      8      8  #b   8   8
   #hth ,april       8    #agc    8     
8      8  #c   8   8  #bith ,april      
8    #agj    8      8      8  #c   8   8
  #bjth ,may         8    #afd    8     
8      8  #c   8   8  #ajth ,june       
8    #afd    8      8      8  #c   8   8
   #ast ,july        8    #afa    8     
8      8  #c   8   8   #bb;d ,july      
8    #aei    8      8      8  #b   8   8

  #abth ,august      8    #aeg    8     
8      8  #b   8   8  #bfth ,august     
8    #aef    8      8      8  #a   8   8
  #abth ,september   8    #aef    8     
8      8  #j   8                        
--                  ,total loss of      
weight             #df pounds4  ,his    
girth during that time was reduced round
 the waist #ab inches2 these desiderati 
were attained by the most easy and      
comfortable means1 with but little      
medicine1 and almost entirely by a      
system of diet4 ,at the end of one year 
,banting asserts that he was restored in
 health1 both bodily and mentally1 had  
more muscular vigor1 ate and drank with 
a good appetite1 and slept well2 all    
symptoms of acidity1 indigestion and    
heartburn vanished2 he left off using   
boot-hooks and other such aids1 which   
were before indispensable2 he lost all  
feeling of occasional faintness2 left   
off knee-bandages1 which he had worn for
 twenty years1 and gave up a truss      
almost entirely4  ,corpulence1 says     

,banting1 though giving no actual pain1 
must naturally press with undue violence
 upon the bodily viscera1 driving one   
part upon another1 and stopping the free
 action of all4  ,saccharine matter is  
the great moving cause of fatty         
corpulence1 producing increased weight  
and a large amount of flatulence2 stouty
 matter is not so troublesome as        
saccharine1 which largely increased     
acidity as well as fat4 ,pure genuine   
bread may be the staff of life1 as it is
 termed2 it is so1 particularly in      
youth1 but it is decidedly more         
wholesome in advanced life when it is   
thoroughly toasted4 ,any starchy or     
saccharine matter tends to the disease  
of corpulence in advanced life1 whether 
it be swallowed in that form or         
generated in the stomach2 that all      
things tending to these elements should 
be avoided1 of course always under sound
 medical authority4 ,vegetables1 and    
ripe or stewed fruit1 are generally     
ample aperients4 ,the dietary system    

only attacks the superfluous deposit of 
fat1 and purges the blood1 rendering it 
more pure and healthy1 strengthens the  
muscles and bodily viscera1 and sweetens
 life1 if it does not prolong it4       
,,record ,,of ,,fast ,,performances     
,,up ,,to ,,january1 #ahgg4  ,,condensed
 ,,from ,,new ,,york ,,clipper          
,,almanac4   ,,rowing4   #b             
miles--#acmin4 #ba sec41 single-scull1  
turn1 ,james ,riley--,aug4 #i1  #ahgf4  
#c miles--#aemin4 #cg sec41 four oars1  
straight1 ,argonauta ,r4 ,a4--,sept4    
#h1 #ahge4   #c miles--#afmin4 #cbsec41 
six-oars1 straight1 ,amherst ,university
  crew--best college time--,july #bd1   
#ahgb4   #c miles--#agmin4 #djsec41     
six-oars1 turn1 ,ward ,bros4 and ,jared 
,raymond--,july #bb1 #ahfh4   #c        
miles--#agmin4 #ehsec41 four-oars1 turn1
 ,halifax 7,n4 ,s47 ,fisherman          
crew--,sept4 #d1 #ahgf4   #c            
miles--#bjmin4 #bhsec41 pair-oar1 turn1 
,geo4 ,faulkner1 ,p4  ,reagan--,sept4   
#e1 #ahgf4   #c miles--#bamin4 #isec41  

single-scull1 turn1 ,edward ,hanlon-    
,sept4 #f1  #ahgf4   #d miles--#bd min4 
#djsec41 four-oars1 turn1 ,ward         
,brothers--,sept4 #aa1  #ahga4   #d     
miles--#bhmin4 #cjsec41 single-scull1   
turn1 ,wallace ,ross--,oct4 #ai1  #ahgf4
   #d miles 7about7--#bcmin4 #dsec41    
single-scull1 straight1 ,geo4           
,tarryer--,oct4 #ai1 #ahgf4   #e        
miles--#cjmin4 #ddsec41 four-oars1 turn1
 ,biglin ,bros1 and ,denny              
,leary--,sept4 #aj1 #ahfj4   #e         
miles--#cbmin4 #asec41 pair-oar1 turn1  
,john and ,barney ,biglin--,may #bj1    
#ahgb4   #e miles--#cemin4 #ajsec41     
single-scull1 turn1 for champion belt1  
,joshua  ,ward--,oct4 #aa1 #ahei4   #f  
miles--#cimin4 #bjsec41 four-oars1 turn1
 ,paris crew--,aug4 #bc1 #ahga4         
,,pedestrianism4--,,running4   #ajj     
yards--#isec41 ,george ,seward--,sept4  
#cj1 #ahdd4   #aej yards--#aesec41 ,c4  
,westhall--,feb4 #d1 #ahea2 and ,george 
,forbes--,dec4  #bj1 #ahfi4   #bjj      
yards--#aisec41 ,g4 ,seward--,march #bb1

 #ahdg4   #cjj yards--#casec41 ,j4      
,nuttall--,april #bg1 #ahfc2 and ,d4    
,wight--,aug4 #e1  #ahgf4   #ddj        
yards--#dhsec41 ,r4 ,buttery--,oct4 #d1 
#ahgc4   #fjj yards--#amin4 #acsec41    
,james ,nuttall--,feb4 #bj1 #ahfd4      
#hhj yards--#amin4 #ecsec41 ,frank      
,hewitt--,sept41 #ahga4   #a1cbj        
yards--#cmin4 #gsec41 ,w4               
,richards--,june #cj1 #ahff4   #a       
mile--#dmin4 #agsec41 ,w4 ,richards and 
,w4 ,lang1 level ground1 dead           
heat--,aug #ai1 #ahfe2 in #dmin4 #bsec41
 part down hill1 ,w4 ,lang2 in #dmin41  
four starts1 ,c4 ,westhall4   #b        
miles--#imin4 #aasec41 ,w4 ,lang--,aug4 
#a1 #ahfc4   #c miles--#admin4 #cfsec41 
,j4 ,white--,may #aa1 #ahfc4   #e       
miles--#bdmin4 #djsec41 ,j4 ,white1 as  
above4   #f miles--#bimin4 #ejsec41 ,j4 
,white1 as above4   #aj miles--#eamin4  
#desec41 ,john ,lovett--,oct4 #aa1      
#aheb4   #ab miles1 less #ajj           
yards--#a;h4 #bmin4 #bsec41 ,w4         
,lang--,april #c1 #ahfc4   #bj          

miles--#a;h4 #ehmin4 #ahsec41 ,r4       
,manks--,dec4 #af1 #ahea4   #ej         
miles--#f;h4 #agmin41 ,g4               
,martin--,sept4 #bb1 #ahfc4   ,,walking4
   #a mile--#fmin4 #bcsec41 ,wm4        
,perkins--,june #a1 #ahge4   #b         
miles--#acmin4 #cjsec41 ,w4 ,perkins1 as
 above4   #c miles--#bjmin4 #bgsec41 ,w4
 ,perkins1 as above4   #d miles--#bhmin4
 #eisec41 ,w4 ,perkins1 as above4   #e  
miles--#cfmin4 #cbsec41 ,w4 ,perkins1 as
 above4   #f miles--#ddmin4 #bdsec41 ,w4
 ,perkins1 as above4   #g miles--#eamin4
 #easec41 ,w4 ,perkins1 as above4   #h  
miles--#ehmin4 #bhsec41 ,w4 ,perkins1   
,brighton1 ,eng41 ,july #bi1 #ahgf4   #i
 miles--#a;h4 #imin4 #dasec41 ,g4       
,davison1 ,london--,dec4 #f1 #ahfi4     
#aj miles--#a;h4 #agmin4 #ccsec41 ,g4   
,davison1 as above4   #bj miles--#b;h4  
#dbmin4 #dhsec41 ,g ,davison1 as above4 
#ba miles--#b;h4 #ecmin4 #cdsec41 ,g4   
,davison1 as above4   #be miles--#c;h4  
#dbmin4 #afsec41 ,j4 ,smith--,nov4 #aj1 
#ahea4   #dj miles--#f;h4 #ccmin4       

#asec41 ,g4 ,ide--,oct4 #af1 #ahgf4     
#ej miles--#h;h4 #aimin4 #eesec41 ,g4   
,ide1 as above4   #fj miles--#aj;h4     
#dfmin4 #bsec41 ,daniel ,o',leary--,oct4
 #af1 #ahge4   #ajj miles--#ah;h4       
#eamin4 #cesec41 ,w4 ,vaughan--,may #i1 
#ahgf4   #abj miles1 #a1efj yards--in   
#bd;h41 ,p4 ,crossland--,sept4 #ab1     
#ahgf4   #a1jjj miles in #a1jjj         
consecutive hours--one single mile in   
each single  hour1 ,captain             
,barclay--,june #a to ,july #ab1        
inclusive1 #ahji4   #ae miles #ejh yards
 walked in #b hours--,george            
,davison--,dec4 #f1 #ahfi4   ,,prize    
,,ring4   ,longest ,battle on           
,record--#f;h4 #aem41 ,james ,kelly and 
,jonathan  ,smith--,australia1 ,nov41   
#ahee4   ,longest ,battle in            
,england--#f;h4 #cm41 ,mike ,madden and 
,bill ,hayes--,july  #ag1 #ahdi4        
,longest ,battle in ,america--#d;h4     
#bjm41 ,j4 ,fitzparick and ,james       
,o',neil1  ,berwick1 ,maine--,dec4 #d1  
#ahfj4   ,,jumping4   #bi;ft41 #g;in41  

by ,john ,howard1 running wide jump1    
taking off from  a block of wood1 #a;ft4
 wide1 #b;ft4 long1 #c;in4 thick1 and   
elevated  #d;in4--,may #h1 #ahed4       
#ac;ft4 #g;in4--,joseph ,greaves1       
standing-wide jump--,sept4 #ah1 #ahge4  
#f;ft4 #b;in4--,m4 ,j4 ,brooks 7,oxford 
,university71 running high jump--,april 
#g1 #ahgf4   #dg;ft4 #g;in4--,r4 ,knox1 
running hop1 step and jump--,august1    
#ahgj4   #dj;ft4 #b;in4--,d4 ,anderson1 
standing hop1 step and jump--,july #bd1 
#ahfe4   #aa;ft4 #a;in4--,high pole     
jump1 ,j4 ,e4 ,woodburn--,july #ba1     
#ahgf4   ,,miscellaneous4   ,regulation 
base-ball thrown #accyds4 #a;ft4 #g;in4 
by ,john ,hatfield--,oct4  #ae1 #ahgb4  
,r4 ,a4 ,pennell put up a dumbbell      
weighing #bja--;,jan4 #ca1 #ahgd4   ,mr4
 ,pennock put up a #aj dumb-bell #h1dca 
times in #d;h4 #cdm4--,dec4 #ac1  #ahgj4
   #a1jjj yards swam by ,e4 ,t4 ,jones  
in #aemin4 #cjsec4--,sept4 #g1 #ahgd4   
,mr4 ,forbes threw a cricket-ball #acb  
yards1 slightly aided by the            

wind--,oxford1 ,eng41 ,march1 #ahgf4    
,,lifting4--,hand3 #a1bej1 health-lift  
machine1 ,john ,m4 ,cannon--,jan4 #af1  
#ahge2 #a1baj1 ,r4 ,a4 ,pennell--,nov4  
#h4 #ahgc4 ,the athletes hereinafter    
named are credited with having lifted   
the following weights2 but these  feats 
are not properly attested4 ,with        
harness3 ,w4 ,b4 ,curtis1 ,new  ,york1  
#c1cjj2 ,ambrose ,a4 ,butts1 ,auburn1   
,o41 #b1gcg2 ,john ,j4 ,lucas1          
,belleville1 ,ill41 #b1gjj--,oct4 #bf1  
#ahge2 ,dr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,winship1 ,boston1  
,mass1 #b1fjj4 ,hand lift--,w4 ,b4      
,curtis1 #a1bcj2 ,g4 ,w4 ,winship1      
#a1bjj4   ,,van ,,fleet1 ,,printer1 #hh 
#ij ,,centre ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4    
,,complimentary ,,press ,,notices       
,,about  ,health1 ,strength and ,muscle4
   ,from a number of very lengthy and   
elaborate criticisms of the press in    
various sections of the ,united ,states 
we give the following extracts3  8,here 
we have in condensed form a vast amount 
of valuable information upon a subject  

which should deeply interest everybody1 
the substance of numerous other foreign 
and domestic publications on like       
subjects mingling with impressions and  
advice born of the author's observation 
and practical experience4 ,a treatise on
 the muscular system1 tables showing the
 correct measurements of noted athletes 
and proportions of a perfect human      
figure1 with remarkable feats of        
strength1 etc41 are also given4 ,it is  
written in language clear to the        
understanding1 and is a work which we   
can cheerfully recommend all to read1   
confident that no one can peruse it     
without profit to themselves40--,,new   
,,york ,,clipper4  8,the many           
interesting facts and hints contained in
 this ably compiled work will immensely 
benefit everyone1 it giving the cream of
 the best authorities upon everything   
concerned in its title40--,,philadelphia
 ,,sunday ,,mercury4  8,a compendium of 
useful information40--,n4 ,y4 ,,sun4    
8,should be in the hands of all our     

athletes40--,,yonkers 7,n4 ,y47         
,,gazette4  8,richly deserving of       
perusal4 ,the work is not intended for  
professional athletes exclusively1 but  
for all who desire to enjoy perfect     
physical health1 which can only be      
acquired and retained by a proper regard
 for the laws of nature4 ,mr4 ,james    
thoroughly understands the subjects of  
which he writes1 and presents them in a 
straightforward1 attractive manner4 ,the
 book deserves to be widely read1 and   
its teachings1 if followed1 will do more
 than doctors' prescriptions toward     
preserving health40--,,new ,,york       
,,herald4  8,it is filled with useful   
hints and practical                     
suggestions40--,,utica 7,n4 ,y47        
,,observer4  8,of incalculable benefit  
to the health of many who are suffering 
from a lack of physical                 
training40--,,washington ,,sunday       
,,herald4  8,mr4 ,james is authority in 
matters which this volume treats upon4  
,he has here given a plain1             

well-arranged system as to the manner of
 acquiring ,health1 ,strength and       
,muscle40--,,boston ,,saturday ,,evening
 ,,express4  8,a complete dissertation  
on the treatment of free livers and     
sedentary people in matters of air1     
clothing1 food1 stimulants1 and the best
 modes of exercise for all ages40--,,st4
 ,,louis 7,,mo47 ,,herald4   ,this ,book
 will be sent prepaid by ,mail on       
receipt of ,fifty ,cents4  ,,address    
,,ed4 ,,james1 ,publisher1 #hh  #ij     
,centre ,st41 ,n4 ,y4     ,,what ,,the  
,,papers ,,say  ,,about  8,,practical   
,,training10 ,,and 8,,manual ,,of       
,,sporting ,,rules40   ,below will be   
found a few from the many encomiums of  
the ,new ,york press on the excellence  
of these works3   ,,new ,,york ,,herald4
  8,,treatise ,,on ,,practical          
,,training40--,at a season of the year  
when most needed ,,edwin ,,james'       
8,treatise on ,practical ,training0 has 
appeared4 ,this neatly gotten-up book is
 full of valuable hints to athletes of  

whatever kind and character1 having been
 compiled with rare judgment1 which long
 years of laborious work in the sporting
 world has given its author4 ,the       
unpretentious volume1 among other       
things1 contains useful chapters on     
,training for ,rowing1 ,boxing1         
,wrestling1 and ,pedestrianism1 in      
addition to instructions for ,high and  
,broad ,jumping1 ,fair ,walking1        
,hammer-throwing1 and in fact everything
 else useful to the professional or     
amateur athlete4   ,,new ,,york         
,,clipper4  8,,treatise ,,on ,,practical
 ,,training40--,a new friend1 and a most
 welcome one to all devoted to the      
pursuit of athletic exercises1 has just 
made its appearance in the form of a    
neatly gotten-up book bearing the above 
title4 ,it has been compiled with care  
and good judgment by ,,ed4 ,,james4 ,in 
addition to the useful chapters on      
,training for ,pedestrianism1 ,rowing1  
,boxing1 ,wrestling1 etc41 the book     
contains instructions in regard to      

practice for ,high and ,broad ,jumping1 
,running1 ,fair ,walking1               
,hammer-throwing1 ,hurdling1 and        
,putting the ,stone1 and tells what to  
do in case of accident1 tender feet and 
hands1 boils1 etc4 8,banting's ,system  
of ,reducing ,corpulency10 a ,table of  
,proportional ,measurements according to
 ,height and ,weight1 and ,records of   
,best ,performances are also included4  
,,new ,,york ,,sun4  ,,mr4 ,,ed4 ,,james
 has just published an edition of his   
8,practical ,training for ,running1     
,walking1 ,rowing1 and ,wrestling10     
embracing 8,banting's ,system of        
,reducing ,corpulency40 ,it is an       
excellent work4   ,,new ,,york ,,spirit 
,,of ,,the ,,times4  8,,treatise ,,on   
,,practical ,,training40--,the          
well-known sporting author1 ,,ed4       
,,james1 has just published a 8,treatise
 on ,practical ,training10 which gives  
an immense amount of condensed practical
 information1 valuable to lovers of     
athletics and all kinds of sports1      

besides containing important ,tables of 
,statistics1 revised up to ,january1    
#ahgg4   ,,new ,,york ,,sunday          
,,dispatch4  8,,treatise ,,on           
,,practical ,,training40--,the          
celebrated sporting writer1 ,,mr4 ,,ed4 
,,james1 has just issued a 8,treatise on
 ,practical ,training10 which we can    
confidently recommend to every amateur  
and professional athlete in the land4   
,it contains minute instructions as to  
the method of training for races1       
walking-matches1 wrestling1 pugilism1   
jumping1 stone and hammer throwing1 and 
sports of every kind1 beside a fund of  
useful record matter concerning time1   
weight1 conditions1 etc4   ,,new ,,york 
,,clipper4  8,,manual ,,of ,,sporting   
,,rules40--,this is the title of a work 
issued by ,,mr4 ,,ed4 ,,james4 ,it      
contains rules regulating               
,trap-shooting1 ,cocking ,contests1     
,boat-racing1 ,prize ,ring1 ,wrestling  
7different styles71 ,running1 ,walking1 
,jumping1 ,bagatelle1 ,lacrosse1        

,quoits1 ,rifle and ,pistol ,shooting1  
,archery1 ,shuffleboard1 ,shinny1       
,rackets1 ,handball1 ,swimming1         
,pin-pool1 ,fifteen-ball ,pool1         
,skittles1 ,foot-ball1 ,knurr-and-spell1
 ,scottish ,games1 ,ten ,pins1 ,skating1
 ,curling1 ,fly-casting1 ,polo1 etc4    
,heretofore where rules were in         
existence they could be procured only   
through private sources1 or separately2 
but we now have them in such shape as   
will meet all demands4 ,in many         
instances there were no rules1 but the  
publisher has1 by consultation with the 
leading exponents of the several games1 
combined with his own intimate knowledge
 of sporting matters1 been enabled to   
supply such wants in a satisfactory     
manner4 ,the volume is illustrated with 
engravings representing various games4  
,the work should command a steady sale4 
,,turf1 ,,field ,,and ,,farm4  8,,manual
 ,,of ,,sporting ,,rules40--,a very     
complete work1 comprising the latest and
 best authenticated revised rules       

governing all the various games played  
and practiced here and elsewhere1 has   
been published by ,,ed4 ,,james1 a      
gentleman long and favorably known to   
sportsmen4 ,in it we find rules for     
,trap-shooting1 ,canine1 ,ratting1      
,badger-baiting1 ,cock-fighting1 the    
,prize ,ring1 ,wrestling1 ,running1     
,jumping1 ,walking1 ,knurr-and-spell1   
,lacrosse1 ,boating1 ,bagatelle1        
,archery1 ,rifle and ,pistol ,shooting1 
,billiards1 ,scottish ,games1 ,skating1 
,curling1 ,polo1 etc41 and about        
everything else upon which it may be    
desirable to have information at hand to
 decide disputed questions4             
,,special ,,notice4   ,patrons ordering 
goods will please be particular in      
giving explicit directions where they   
are to be sent1 with name of town1      
county and ,state4 ,the safest way to   
send money is by ,post-office ,order1   
,registered ,letter or ,draft4 ,a       
deposit required on all orders exceeding
 #e in value1 and1 for less amount1 cash

 should accompany order4 ,books and     
,prints sent by mail1 post-paid1 unless 
otherwise desired4 ,boxing ,gloves1     
,indian ,clubs and all bulky goods1 sent
 by express4 ,when goods are sent ,c4   
,o4 ,d41 the parties ordering must pay  
the charges on the same1 and for        
returning money4 ,in the ,territories1  
where express charges are very heavy1 or
 where there is no express              
communication1 ,gloves1 etc41 can be    
sent by mail1 at the rate of one cent   
per ounce1 which has to be prepaid4     
,live ,stock cannot be sent ,c4 ,o4 ,d41
 as the express companies will not      
forward on such conditions4 ,no extra   
charge for boxing and packing4 ,all     
letters of enquiry will be cheerfully   
and promptly answered on receipt of a   
stamped envelope4 ,no merchandise       
exceeding #d in weight or #ah inches in 
length can be sent per mail4            
,,references3    ,,frank ,,queen1       
,,esq41     ,ed4 and ,prop4 8,new ,york 
,clipper40    ,,col4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,bruce1   

,prop4 8,turf1 ,field and ,farm40    ,h4
 ,f4 ,,wilkinson1 ,,esq41     ,editor   
8,field10 ,london1 ,england4    ---- ,t4
 ,,griffith1 ,,esq41     ,ed4 8,bell's  
,life10 ,london1 ,england4    ,,geo4    
,,wilkes1 ,,esq41     ,ed4 and ,prop4   
8,spirit of the ,times40    ,,geo4      
,,bartholomew1 ,,esq41     ,man4 ,editor
 8,new ,york ,news40    ,e4 ,j4         
,,dorling1 ,,esq41     ,prop4 8,sporting
 ,life10 ,london1 ,eng4    ,,wm4        
,,blakie1 ,,esq41     ,ex-stroke        
,harvard ,u4 ,b4 ,c4    ,amounts of less
 than one dollar may be forwarded in one
 or two cent postage stamps4 ,a silver  
half-dollar requires an ,,extra three   
cent stamp4 ,no goods exchanged4        
,twenty-five per cent4 deposit required 
on all ,c4 ,o4 ,d4 orders when the      
parties are unknown to us4              
,respectfully1  ,illustration3 ,ed4     
,james4  ,,clipper ,,building1 #hh and  
#ij ,,centre ,,st41 ,n4 ,y4     ,in this
 line we challenge the world to produce 
a superior article to ours at the same  

price4   ,,boxing ,,gloves4             
,illustration  ,per set4                
,a4--,buckskin1 stuffed with hair1    #b
 #ej   ,b4--,buckskin1 stuffed with     
hair1 very substantial1    #c #ej       
,c4--,extra ,buckskin1 stuffed with     
curled hair    #d #jj   ,d4--,extra fine
 soft ,buckskin1 bound with fancy       
colored leather1 with  strings to       
tighten1 stuffed with curled hair    #e 
#jj   ,e4--,extra fine and soft         
,buckskin1 white kid palms1 stuffed with
 the  best selected curled hair1 with   
strings to tighten1 and bound with      
fancy colored leather    #e #ej         
,f4--8,,sounders10 white kid leather1   
stuffed with the best selected  curled  
hair1 bound with fancy colored leather  
and strings to tighten  the wrists    #f
 #jj    ,white ,french ,kid ,gloves1    
made of very best materials1 style and  
finish1 with gauntlets1 very tastefully 
trimmed with fancy colored leather1 per 
set1 #aj4   ,,indian ,,clubs4           
,illustration     #c lb4 each1 per pr   

#b #ej    #d lb4  8      8      #b #ej  
#e lb4  8      8      #c #jj    #f lb4  
8      8      #c #jj    #g lb4  8      8
      #c #ej    #h lb4  8      8      #c
 #ej   #aj lb4 8       8      #d #ej    
#ab lb4 8       8      #e #ej   ,,dumb  
,,bells4  ,iron1 from #a lb4 to #ajj    
lbs4 each1 per lb41 #aj;cts42 ,maple    
,wood1 per lb4 each1 #be;cts42          
,lignumvit1 per lb4 each1 #ej;cts42     
,rosewood1 per lb4 each1 #ge;cts4       
,,patent ,,striking ,,bag1  ,for        
,pugilists and ,athletes of ,every      
,description4  ,this bag is intended to 
strengthen the arms1 wrists1 shoulders1 
back1 loins1 and particularly the       
muscles of the abdomen1 and will teach  
the striker how to deal a blow4    ,no4 
#d1 #bj lbs41 covered with ,english     
canvas   #ab #jj   ,no4 #e1 #be lbs41   
covered with ,english canvas    #ae #jj 
,no4 #a1 #bj lbs41 covered with buff    
leather      #bj #jj   ,association     
,,rubber ,,football4  ,illustration     
#a4 #bj;in4   #a #ej   #b4 #bb;in4    #b

 #jj   #c4 #bd;in4    #b #ej   #d4      
#bf;in4    #b #ge   #e4 #bh;in4    #c   
#f4 #cj;in4    #c #ge   ,,quoits4       
,illustration  ,,nicely ,,modeled ,,and 
,,japanned4  ,per set of #d4    #b lbs4 
ea4  #a #be   #c   do4      #a #ej   #d 
do4      #a #ge   #e   do4      #b #jj  
#f   do4      #b #be  ,iron pins1 pair  
#ej   ,rapiers1 ,foils1 ,single-sticks1 
,masks1 ,gloves1 ,etc4  ,illustration   
,illustration    ,english ,haute        
,rapiers                   per pair #f  
#jj   ,iron-mounted ,foils              
8     #b #ej   ,brass-mounted ,foils    
8     #c #jj   ,brass-mounted ,silinger 
blade1 curved     handle wound with     
fancy leather                #d #ej     
,wire ,masks                            
per pair #c #ej   ,wire ,masks1 with ear
 protectors                   #d #ej    
,wire ,masks1 with ear and forehead     
protectors                              
#e #ej   ,wicket-handle ,fencing ,sticks
                      #b #be   ,fencing 
,gloves                                 

#b #jj   ,fencing ,gauntlets            
#c #ej   ,plastrons for protecting the  
chest                #c #jj     ,,the   
,,new ,,patent ,,seamless ,,boxing      
,,gloves  ,illustration  ,without       
fingers or thumbs1 being held on firmly 
by grasping a leather strip inside the  
glove 7see cut74 ,no ripping or bursting
 or falling off the hands2 they are     
seamless and fit to perfection4 ,the    
most durable article ever made1 and the 
only glove which brings the art of      
boxing to as near the real thing as     
possible4    ,manufactured of best      
,french white kid1 with ventilators at  
the sides1     per set of four gloves   
#f #jj   ,superior buckskin1 per set    
#d #ej  ,in ordering this glove please  
specify that you wish ,,the ,,patent    
,,seamless ,,gloves1 in order not to    
cause any mistakes4  ,,ed4 ,,james has  
the sole agency for ,new ,york ,state1  
and the ,patent ,seamless ,glove can    
only be obtained by sending to          
headquarters4   ,b4 ,b4 ,,catcher',s    

,,masks ,,and ,,catcher',s ,,gloves4    
,illustration  ,illustration  ,the      
gloves are made of ,indian tanned       
buckskin1 with padded palms1 half       
fingers1 and are as soft and pliable to 
the hands as kid4 ,price per pair1 #b4  
,the ,catcher's ,masks are made of wire1
 and cushioned with soft leather1 filled
 with the best curled hair4 ,they are   
light and easy to adjust4 ,price1 each1 
#c4   ,,battledores ,,and               
,,shuttlecocks4  ,illustration          
,,battledores1   from #a4be to #c4jj per
 pair4    ,,shuttlecocks1   from #cj    
cents to #a4jj per pair4   ,address     
,,ed4 ,,james1 ,clipper ,building1 #hh  
and #ij ,centre st41 ,n4 ,y4            
,,eureka ,,rowing ,,machine1            
,illustration  ,this machine gives an   
excellent and exact representation of   
rowing4 ,it has the sliding-seat        
movement1 and its propelling action is  
with oars 7as in a boat74 ,it is simple 
in construction and durable1 and it     
packs so small that it can be stowed    

away in almost any cupboard or closet1  
and can be put up and worked in any     
ordinary-sized bed room4 ,total weight1 
#bg4 ,a beginner can learn on it to be a
 good sculler1 as well as increase his  
muscular and physical development4 ,by  
shifting the chain links attached to the
 lever it can be adapted to the strength
 of any person1 or used and worked by a 
child #ab years of age4 ,price1 complete
 and ready for use1 #aj4   ,,new        
,,athletic ,,suits4  ,illustration      
,illustration  ,illustration            
,seamless ,shirt1 pink or white1  #a #jj
   ,knee ,tights1 pink or white1     #a 
#jj   ,with fancy trimming1 each        
#a #be   ,flannel ,caps1 from #ge;c4 to 
#b #jj  ,in ordering state width across 
chest1 waist1 and size of cap worn4     
,,running ,,and ,,walking ,,shoes4      
,illustration  ,illustration            
,american spikes1 ,running ,shoes1 per  
pair   #c #ej   ,english imported spiked
 ,running ,shoes      #f #jj   ,balmoral
 canvas ,walking ,shoes1             #c 

#ej   ,,american ,,pedometer1           
,illustration  ,easily adjusted to any  
length of step from #bc to #ce inches1  
measures accurately1 is the size of an  
ordinary watch1 in a nickel-plated case1
 and can be carried in the vest pocket4 
,it will measure the exact distance you 
walk4 ,it is a true indicator of the    
amount of exercise taken in and out of  
doors4 ,invalids will find it invaluable
 in regulating their exercise4 ,full    
directions1 together with ready         
reference table1 accompanies each one4  
,price1 #e #jj4   ,address ,,ed4        
,,james1 ,clipper ,building1 #hh and #ii
 ,centre st41 ,n4 ,y4     ,illustration3
 ,,fishing ,,tackle   ,,reels4          
#fjyds41 brass1 ,english make1 stop1    
each                       #b #ej       
#hjyds41 brass1 ,english make1 click1   
each                       #d #jj       
#aejyds41 ,german silver1 ,american1    
balance handle                #c #jj    
#cjjyds41 ,ger4 silver1 steel1 pivot and
 patent cap1 balance      handle        

#ac #jj   ,,baskets4    ,french or      
,english make1 for trout1 from   #a #ej 
to #d #jj   ,square ,fish ,baskets1 from
                  #b #ej to #e #jj      
,,rods4    ,trout ,rods1 #d pieces1 full
 mounted reel bands and best cap1       
fine finish                             
#e #jj   ,trunk ,rods1 #f pieces1 full  
mounted1 hollow but solid reel          
plates1 each joint #b;ft4 each          
#ac #jj   ,fly ,rods1 #d pieces1 full   
mounted1 hollow but extra tip1     each 
#aj #jj   ,brass ,rods1 #d pieces1      
general rods1 hollow butt and swelled   
ferrules1 extra tip1 each               
#ac #jj   ,bamboo ,rods1 #d pieces1 reel
 bands and guises                    #e 
#jj   ,,seines ,,or ,,nets4    ,crab    
,net1 ring1 and jointed handle  #a #ej  
,minnow ,nets1 linen1 #bb inch1 each    
#a #ej   ,landing ,nets1 linen1 each    
#b #jj  ,also ,hooks1 ,eagle ,claws1    
,lines1 ,floats1 ,fly ,books1 ,baits1   
,sinkers1 etc4   ,,firemen',s ,,goods4  
,illustration  ,,hats ,,and             

,,caps4--,enameled leather and front    
,hats1 each #c2 four cone ,hats1 each   
#f4ej2 eight cone ,hats1 each #g2       
enameled leather ,helmet ,caps1 per     
doz41 #ah2 ,new ,york ,regulation ,cap1 
cloth1 very fine1 per doz41 #ba4        
,,belts4--,patent leather1 #aj different
 styles1 per doz41 from #i to #bd4      
,,shirts4--,firemen's ,service ,shirts1 
with figure or monogram1 best flannel1  
per doz41 #bi4  ,,trumpets4--,duty1     
,nickle plated1 #bj inch1 each #g2      
,parade1 chased and plated1 #bj inch1   
each #ba4  ,,miscellaneous4--,buttons1  
with ,f4 ,d4 on1 per doz41 large #a4be1 
small #ge;c4 ,badges1 with fine design  
and number and name of company1 per     
doz41 #aj4 ,silk1 ,cord and ,tassels1   
for trumpets1 each #a4ej4   ,address    
,,ed4 ,,james1 ,clipper ,building1 #hh  
and #ij ,centre st41 ,n4 ,y4            
,illustration3 ,,rifle ,,air ,,pistol   
,as a parlor game for ladies and        
gentlemen1 it has not an equal4  ,it has
 not only the accuracy and distance     

requisite for the common pistol target  
practice1 but is without the expense of 
ammunition1 and also free from the      
annoyance of danger1 smoke1 smell1 c41  
that accompany the use of firearms4     
,each ,rifle is put up in a neat box1   
with three darts and two targets4 ,price
 of ,rifle1 complete1 #e4 ,darts1 per   
dozen1 #a4 ,targets1 postage prepaid1   
#be cents per dozen4   ,w4 ,,clark',s   
,,patent ,,horse ,,clipper4             
,illustration  ,this instrument will    
clip a horse in two hours1 and when     
clipped the coat is equal to a natural  
,summer coat4 ,anyone can use it4 ,over 
#bjj horses have been clipped by one    
single machine1 without sharpening4     
,price #e4 ,the ,dexter ,horse ,clipper4
 ,price #h4 ,addler's ,patent ,clipping 
,machines1 #h4ej1 #aj4ej1 #ab4ej4       
,,saws1 ,,spurs ,,and ,,muffs4          
,illustration  ,muffs for ,sparring     
,cocks1 per set of four4 #a4ej4 ,steel  
,spurs4--,regulation1 per pair1 #e2     
,drop ,socket1 per pair1 #f4ej2 ,thimble

 ,heels1 per pair1 #f4ej2 #c ,cornered1 
or ,bayonet ,blade1 per pair1 #f4ej2    
,sword ,blade1 per pair1 #f4ej4 ,in     
ordering spurs1 it is necessary to name 
the length of blade and style required4 
,directions for ,measuring ,spurs4--,the
 dotted line indicates the correct way  
of measuring4 ,the socket does not count
 in measurement4 ,saws for sawing off   
the heels1 finest quality1 #b4ej without
 the knife2 knife included1 #c4ej4      
,,ten ,,pins ,,and ,,balls4             
,illustration    #d inch ball         #b
 #jj   #e inch ball           #b #ej    
#e inch ball          #b #ge   #f inch  
ball           #c #jj   #f inch ball    
#c #be   #g inch ball           #d #jj  
#g inch ball          #d #be   #g inch  
ball          #d #ej   #h inch ball     
#d #ge   #h inch ball          #e #jj   
#i inch ball           #e #be   ,pins1  
per set         #f #jj   ,,skittle      
,,pins ,,and ,,balls4    #g  cheese ball
         #c #ej   #aa cheese ball       
#d #ej   #ad  cheese ball         #e #ej

   ,skittle pins1 per set   #ab #jj     
,,ivory ,,croquet ,,balls4    #a inch1  
per set of eight      #e #ej   #a inch1 
per set of eight       #f #ej           
,,trotting ,,and ,,running ,,horses4    
,,size #adah4 ,,price #cj ,,cents       
,,each4    ,judge ,fullerton4           
,huntress4   ,commodore ,vanderbilt1    
with running mate1 and ,dexter4   ,tom  
,bowling4   ,dexter against ,ethan      
,allen4   ,bassett against ,longfellow4 
,goldsmith ,maid against ,lucy1 #b3ag4  
,dexter against ,butler1 to wagons4     
,see page #ae for other ,horse          
,pictures1 same size and price4         
,,lifting ,,machines ,,and ,,lung       
,,testers4  ,straight ,gauge ,lifter1   
#gj4 ,dial ,gauge1 #ij4 ,the ,lifter    
platform is #abbj inches1 while the     
gauges are silver plated4 ,they lift    
from #a to #hjj4  ,straight ,gauge ,lung
 ,tester1 #de4 ,dial ,gauge ,lung       
,tester1 #ej4 ,the ,lung ,tester comes  
in a nicely painted box1 with legs to   
screw on1 #ac inches square1 #b feet    

high4   ,,genuine ,,diamonds4  ,one     
,carat ,stone1 #ajj2 ,half ,carat1 #ej2 
,quarter ,carat1 #be2 an ,eight ,carat1 
#ae4 ,these may be had either spiral or 
with pin4 ,rings1 same price as ,shirt  
,pins4 ,diamond ,clusters1 from #ej to  
#aej4   ,,imitation ,,diamonds4  ,pins  
or ,spiral ,studs1 from #b each1        
according to size4 ,rings1 from #e each4
 ,clusters1 from #e each4     ,,ira     
,,paine',s ,,patent ,,spring ,,traps1   
for throwing ,,glass ,,balls ,,for      
,,shooting4  ,illustration  ,the best   
substitute ever invented4 ,safe1 simple1
 durable2 will not get out of order4    
,price      ,glass ,balls1 per #ajj1 #c4
   ,cartridges1 ready for use1 per #ajj1
 #e4   ,h4 and ,t4 ,,traps4  ,for       
,pigeon ,shooting1 #h4   ,,hand ,,balls4
  #c per dozen1 or #cj cents each4      
,,base ,,balls4    ,professional1 red or
 white dead ball1 each #a4ej4           
,professional ,star1 each #a4           
,professional ,practice1 each #ej cents4
   ,,ballot ,,boxes4    ,black ,walnut1 

with white and black balls complete1 #e4
   ,cheaper quality1 complete1 #c4      
,gavels from #a to #d each4   ,,french  
,,pool ,,wheels4   ,for ,trotting       
,courses1 ,fair ,grounds and ,saloons1  
#bg;in4 in diameter1 the  best kind     
manufactured #ej4   ,same size but      
cheaper design1 #cj4   ,,targets4   #bj 
inch square in fancy colors1 lead       
bulls-eye1 wood face for darts1  and    
fancy figure to raise when bull's-eye is
 hit1 #e4   #bj inch round target1 with 
iron plate1 bell and comic figure1 #f4  
,rabbit ,race ,target1 iron1 nicely     
painted1 ,calling when bull's-eye is    
hit4 ,size #ajbd4 ,price #h4   ,,playing
 ,,cards4  ,illustration   ,dougherty's 
,steamboat1 assorted4   ,star and calico
 backs1 per dozen1 #b4be4   ,other      
patterns from #b4ej to #ab per dozen1   
according to the finish  and quality4   
,triplicates1 round cornered1 per doz41 
#aj4   ,goodall's ,superior ,english    
,linen ,playing ,cards1 from #b4be to   
#ah  according to finish and quality4   

,,quoits4   ,nicely modelled ,japanned  
,iron ,quoits1 per set of four1 from #a 
to  #b4ej4   ,,card ,,photographs    of 
,actors1   ,actresses1 ,politicians     
and distinguished   people4   #be cents 
each1 #f for #a4  ,illustration   ,,la  
,,crosse4    ,bats1 per pair 7hickory   
handle71 #c4ej4   ,balls1 per dozen1 #f4
   ,,rackets4    ,english ,rackets1 #f4 
,american ,racket ,bats1 all wood1 #ej  
cents4   ,racket ,balls1 per dozen1 #b4 
,,sporting ,,shoes4  ,illustration      
,,running ,,pumps1   ,american make1    
#c4ej4   ,english imported1 #g4         
,welcher's make1 with steel spring      
shank1 #h4   ,welcher's ,walking ,shoe1 
with steel spring shank #h4   ,baseball 
,shoes1 of heavy white canvas1 with     
instep strap1 #b4ej4   ,boating and     
,gymnastic ,slippers1 of white canvas1  
#a4be4   ,racket ,shoes1 #h4            
,illustration3 ,,colt',s #g-shot        
,,cartridge ,,revolver sent by mail     
7postage paid7 to any address1 on       
receipt of #e4     ,,remington   ,,rifle

 ,,cane   #aj4    ,,bowie ,,knives1     
#b4ej to #e4    ,,dark ,,lanterns1   #b 
and #b4ej4   ,,miscellaneous ,,goods4   
,,dog ,,collars4  ,illustration         
,enameled ,leather1 ,ger4 ,silver       
,trimmings4     #i to #ac inches1 #ej   
cents4   #aj to #af inches1 #fe cents4  
#ad to #bj inches1 #a4jj4   #ah to #bd  
inches1 #a4ej4   ,enameled1 raised edges
 and centre1 ,german ,silver ,trimmings4
     #i to #ac inches1 #fj cents4   #aj 
to #af inches1 #ge cents4   #ad to #bj  
inches1 #a4be4   #ah to #bd inches1     
#a4ge4  ,,brass ,,collars4    #b to     
#c;in4 diam41 #ce;c4   #b to #d;in4  do 
#ej;c4   #d to #f;in4    do 7with ring71
 #ge;c4   #e to #g;in4   do    do       
#a4jj  ,,german ,,silver ,,collars4     
#b to #c;in4 diam41 #ej;c4   #b to      
#d;in4  do    #fj;c4   #b to #c;in4  do 
7with ring71 #fj;c4   #b to #d;in4  do  
do       #gj;c4   #d  to #f;in4   do    
do      #a4jj   #e to #g;in4   do     do
      #a4ej  ,large ,brass ,chain       
,collar1 from #b4   ,,dog ,,leaders4    

,of steel or iron1 platted or linked1   
#ge cents to #a4ej each4   ,of platted  
leather1 with tassels1 #ej cents to     
#a4jj4   ,,spring ,,pad ,,locks4        
inch1 ,brass ,spring1  #cj cents4       
inch1 ,brass ,spring1  #ce cents4       
inch1 ,german ,silver1 #ce cents4       
inch1 ,german ,silver1 #ce cents4       
,,dog ,,muzzles4  ,hand made1 wire frame
 and leather neck strap1 #ej;c4         
,leather1 small1 closed or open snout1  
#ej;c4 ,wire1 #dj;c4   ,,new ,,safety   
,,roller ,,skate4  ,illustration  ,the  
front link prevents the operators from  
falling forward and enables them to     
spring from the toe1 and can walk up a  
steep incline1 turn round and run down4 
,the back check is to prevent falling   
backward2 also to enable the operator to
 stop at will in case of danger4 ,can be
 used any place4 ,enables learners to   
use them without danger of falling and  
hurting themselves1 which is very common
 with other skates4 ,the wheels being of
 iron1 are warranted4 ,price per pair1  

all sizes1 #b4be4   ,,lawn ,,tennis     
,,goods4  ,illustration  ,four ,english 
bats1 four plain balls1 two polished    
portable poles1 in sections to pack in  
box2 one net1 #bfe;ft42 two guy ropes   
and runners1 four pegs1 one mallet1 book
 of rules1 all complete1 in box4        
,price1 #ae4   ,,whips4  ,illustration  
,cowhides1 ,dog and ,jockey ,whips1 from
 #ej cents to #a4ej4   ,,policemen',s   
,,goods1 ,etc4  ,illustration   ,,police
 ,,clubs ,,or ,,billets4  #bb;in4 #a4ge1
 #ah;in4 #a4be1 #ad;in4 #a1 #h;in4      
#fj;c4   ,,the ,,secret ,,ballot ,,box4 
,illustration  ,made of ,black ,walnut1 
,fine ,french ,polished and ,lined4 ,can
 be used for ,baseball1 ,cricket1       
,archery1 ,football1 ,boating1 and all  
,sporting ,clubs2 also for ,masonic and 
,odd ,fellow ,lodges1 ,temperance and   
all other societies4 ,size1 #fef inches4
 ,each1 #e4   ,,drinking ,,flasks4      
,illustration  ,with metal screw tops1  
covered with roan1 hog-skin morocco and 
,russia leathers1 in 1 1  and pints1    

from #a to #d each4   ,,smith           
,,wesson',s ,,new ,,model4              
,illustration  ,with ,patent ,automatic 
,ejector2 five shot2 weight1 #afoz42    
calibre1 #ch-ajj2 length of barrel1     
#c;in4 ,blue1 each1 #ab4ej4             
,nickel-plated1 #ad4   ,,round ,,police 
,,or ,,dark ,,lantern4  ,illustration   
,made of tin and painted4 #c;in4        
bull's-eye1 #a4ej4 ,flat ,police or     
,dark ,lanterns1 #b;in4 bull's-eye1     
#a4be4   ,,shell ,,powder ,,flasks4     
,illustration    #hoz                   
#a4jj   #ajoz               #a4ej       
#aboz41 extra fine1 #c4jj   #afoz41     
extra fine1 #c4ej   ,,whistle4          
,illustration  ,polished metal1 with    
rattle1 #cj;c4   ,,nippers ,,and        
,,cuffs4  ,illustration  ,police        
,nippers1 ,chain1 nickel-plated1 per    
pair1 #a4be4 ,police ,nippers1 patent   
spring1 the best made1 #b4jj4           
,handcuffs1 polished1 #d4jj4 ,handcuffs1
 polished1 for conveying three prisoners
 together1 #f4jj4   ,,the ,,bogardus    

,,patent  ,glass ,ball ,trap and ,rough 
,balls4  ,illustration  ,these ,traps   
and ,balls1 patented by ,bogardus1 and  
used by him many thousand times1 prove  
to be just what is wanted by all        
sportsmen's clubs and amateurs4 #f each4
 ,the ,patent ,rough ,ball4--,the only  
ball that will break sure when hit by   
shot4 ,every ball marked4 ,patent ,rough
 ,glass ,balls1 #b per hundred2 ,patent 
,filled ,ball1 #b per hundred2 ,smooth  
,glass ,balls1 #a4ge per hundred4 ,the  
above balls are packed three hundred in 
a barrel1 ready for shipping4  ,field1  
,cover and ,trap ,shooting1 by          
,bogardus4 ,price1 #b4ej4               
,illustration  ,,spoon ,,oars4          
,leathered and coppered1 #g to #g;ft41  
#c4ej       do          do      #h to   
#i;ft41     #c4ge       do          do  
#aj;ft41     #d4jj   ,with buttons1     
right and left1       #i  to #aj;ft     
#f4jj   ,plain spruce oars1 per foot    
#ae;c4   ,plain ash oars1 per foot      
#ab;c4   ,,rowlocks4    ,side plate1    

brass1 per pair     #b4ej       do      
galv4 iron1 pr pair  #a4be   ,,cleats   
,,and ,,chocks4    ,galv4 cast iron1 per
 lb          #ad;c4      do     do      
chocks1 per lb4 #ad;c4   ,,tackle       
,,blocks4   ,galv4 malleable iron1 with 
wrought hooks1 length #b    to #c;in4   
each     #ej;c4 to #a4ej   ,,rudder     
,,braces4  ,galv4 malleable iron1 per   
doz4    sets             #c4be to #d4ej 
,illustration  ,readers or trick cards1 
as used by magicians and others1        
puzzling everybody not in the secret4   
,price1 with full directions1 per pack1 
#a4   ,,winning ,,dice4  ,illustration  
,of best ivory1 three high1 three low   
and three square4 ,price per set of     
nine1 with directions for use1 #e4      
,strippers or ,magic ,euchre ,cards4    
,illustration  ,by means of which the   
most celebrated card tricks known can be
 performed without practice4 ,per pack1 
#a4ej4   ,,tommy ,,dod ,,tops4          
,illustration  ,will spin high or low1  
as desired4 ,of best ivory1 with        

explanation of the secret1 #c4jj4       
,illustration3 ,,the ,,new  ,,air ,,gun4
  #af  ,self charging1 no crank1 no     
lever1 loads at breech by letting down  
the barrel1 shoots either darts or      
bullets2 a profitable acquisition to    
shooting galleries and saloon keepers4  
,weight1 #f4 ,full length1 #cf inches4  
,also the ,new ,air ,gun1 improved1 same
 style as above1 solid rifled barrel1   
with firing pin1 will throw a ,no4 #bb  
cartridge accurately #fjj feet1 and can 
also be used in a parlor or saloon as an
 ,air ,gun for darts and bullets4 ,extra
 finished stock1 complete1 with firing  
pin1 #cj4 ,either of the above1 full    
nickel plated1 #e extra4 ,darts1 by     
mail1 #a4ej per dozen4 #ad inch paper   
targets1 #ej cents per dozen2 #h inch1  
#be cents2 fancy #bj inch target1 with  
,comic ,figure1 to raise when bull's eye
 is hit1 #e each2 or iron face for      
bullets1 #f4   ,,revolvers4  ,the       
,governor ,pocket ,revolver1 for ,no4   
#bb cartridge1 #g shots1 #f4 ,swamp     

,angel ,revolver1 #e barrel ,derringer  
#ac4 ,national ,revolver1 #f barrels1   
nickel plated1 #aj4 ,derringers1 per    
pair1 #ah4 ,colt's ,navy ,revolver1 with
 mould #ae4 ,knuckle ,revolver1 #g shot1
 #aj4ge4 ,ethan ,allen ,revolver1 #g    
shot1 weight #foz41 #i4 ,the ,terror1 #f
 shot1 weight #acoz41 #ab4 ,bull ,dog1  
#e shot1 weight #adoz41 #ac4     ,,horse
 ,,goods4  ,illustration    ,jockey     
,cap1 silk1 any color1 to order1 #c4ej4 
,weight ,boots1 per pair1 from #d oz4 to
 #a1 #e4ej4   ,boston ,reins1 #ab4      
,holders for ,reins1 #c4ej4   ,shin     
,boots1 #f4   ,lolling ,bit1 #f4        
,derby ,bandages1 per set of four1 #e4  
,knee ,boots1 for protecting above and  
below the knee1 #aj4   ,toe ,boots1 per 
pair1 #f4   ,spurs1 per pair1 #a #jj to 
#f #jj4   ,whips1 ,gutta ,percha1 #h    
ft41 #d4be2 #d ft41 #b4   ,,masonic1    
,,etc4  ,gold ,enameled ,slipper1 #b4   
,gold ,square and ,compass1 #c4 ,gold   
,three ,links1 #b4 ,gold ,printers'     
,composing ,stick1 #b4ej4 ,trowel1 with 

coral handle1 #c4   ,,theatrical        
,,goods1 ,,etc4  ,red ,clogs1 all sizes1
 with jingles1 from #c4 per pair        
upwards4 ,directions for measurement3-- 
,illustration    ,no4 #a1 ,measurement  
around foot at toe4   ,no4 #b1          
,measurement around foot at instep4     
,no4 #c1 ,measurement around heel over  
instep4   ,no4 #d1 ,measurement of      
length of foot4  ,silver ,clogs1 #g4    
,ankle ,boots1 #h4  ,sandals1 #h4 ,song 
and ,dance ,shoes1 #ae;in4 long4        
,spangles1 silver or gold1 from #b4ej   
per lb4 upwards4 ,worsted ,knee ,tights1
 trimmed1 scroll spangled1 #ad4 ,knee   
,tights1 with velvet leaves1 and flowers
 spangled1 #ag4 ,tamborine1 large size1 
brass rim and screws1 #c4 ,moccasins1   
per pair1 #b4ej4 ,helmets1 each1 from #h
 to #ae4 ,plain ,steel ,armor ,cloth1   
per yard1 #b4 ,shell ,armor ,cloth1 per 
yard1 #c4 ,harmonicon1 with mouthpiece1 
#d4ej4 ,bones1 rosewood1 #ge cents per  
set2 ebony1 #a4be4 ,burnt ,cork1        
prepared and ready for use1 #ej cents a 

box1 or #b per lb4 ,colored ,fire1 for  
tableaux and fairy scenes1 #b per lb4   
,mongolian1 in a paste1 for ,indians1   
etc41 per box1 #fj cents4 ,prepared     
,whiting1 for clowns1 statuary1 etc41   
not affected by perspiration1 per box1  
#fj cents4 ,pencils1 for eyebrows1 #fj  
cents2 ,pencils1 for veins1 #fj cents4  
,lightning1 per box1 #fj cents4         
,moonlight light1 for statuary1 etc4 #dj
 cents per package4   ,,american ,,race 
,,horses4  ,,steel ,,engravings4  ,,size
 #ahbd4 ,,price #fj ,,cents ,,each4     
,col4 ,w4 ,r4 ,johnson1 of ,virginia1   
the ,napoleon of the ,turf4   ,boston4  
,gray ,eagle4   ,shark4   ,black ,maria4
   ,john ,bascombe4   ,monmouth         
,eclipse4   ,ripton and ,confidence in  
their celebrated ,two ,mile and ,repeat 
,match       over the ,centreville1 ,l4 
,i41 ,course1 in #ahdb4   ,imported     
,leviathan4   ,wagner4   ,imported      
,monarch4   ,imported ,hedgeford4       
,fashion4   ,,miscellaneous ,,goods4    
,fine ,silk ,umbrella1 #e4 ,fine ,silk  

,umbrella1 with gold plated cup1 #f4    
,double ,nine ,dominoes1 #f per set4    
,dice ,boxes1 leather1 per pair1 #ej    
cents4 ,large ,ivory ,dice1 #bj cents   
each4 ,sporting ,knife1 with screw1 saw1
 hoof digger1 etc41 #a4ej4 ,hunting     
,knife1 #aj;in4 long1 #b4ej4 ,bowie     
,knife1 #aj;in4 long1 #b4ej4 #ad;in4    
,leather ,checker ,board1 #b4ej4 #ae;in4
 ,leather ,checker and ,backgammon      
,board1 #d4 ,rubber ,suit 7boots and    
pants71 #ae4 ,pewter ,mugs 7half pints71
 per dozen1 #ab4 ,dog ,couplings1 used  
in coursing1 #c4 ,bezique ,box1 #b4     
,dark ,lantern1 #a4ej4 ,signal ,lamp1   
for ,mast ,head1 #e4 ,side ,light1 for  
vessels1 #g4 ,decoy ,duck1 with movable 
head1 #b4be4 ,genuine ,black ,thorn     
,stick1 #b4 ,cuckoo ,clock1 #bj4 ,patent
 ,stilts1 per pair1 #ej cents4          
,abdominal ,supporters1 #f4 ,shoulder   
,brace1 #f4 ,stockings for ,varicose    
,veins1 per pair1 #f4 ,ear ,trumpets1   
#b4ej1 #f and #aj4 ,respirator1 for     
consumptives1 #b4 ,loaded ,dice1 three  

high1 three low1 and three square1 #e   
the set2 ,gymnastic ,morocco ,slippers1 
#b4be4 ,rattlesnake ,game1 or ,going    
,around the ,horn1 #ej cents4 ,magic    
,tobacco ,box1 #ej cents4 ,magic ,cigar 
,case1 #a4ej4     ,,miscellaneous       
,,goods4  ,illustration  ,falling ,birds
 and ,stars1 falling back when hit4     
,made for out-door shooting4 ,iron1 for 
cap and shot1 #e4 ,set by a rope from   
stand4   ,,mechanical ,,targets4        
,illustration  ,plain ,round #ah-;inch  
,target with #ab-;inch iron plate1 for  
cap and shot1 comic figure rising and   
ringing a gong when bull's-eye is hit4  
,nicely painted1 set by a rope from     
stand1 #e4 ,rooster1 small chick        
springing on his back when bull's-eye is
 hit1 iron1 for cap and shot1 #ad       
#af;in41 #b4ej4 ,eagle1 opening his     
wings and ringing a bell when bull's-eye
 is hit1 iron covered1 for cap and shot1
 #bhbh;in41 #f4   ,,the ,,abbott        
,,pocket ,,microscope4  ,illustration   
,it examines1 in focus1 whole insects1  

bugs or worms1 alive or dead1           
transparent or opaque1 feet up or down1 
confined in a cage--which is a part of  
the instrument--while in motion or in   
fixed position without harming the      
insect2 also for examining seeds1       
flowers1 plants1 minerals1 fabrics1     
engravings1 bank notes1 etc4 ,price #a4 
,,compasses4  ,illustration  ,,charm    
,,compass1 gold plated4-in4 in diameter1
 #ej cts42 #ac-afths in4 in diameter1   
fine1 #ge;cts4 ,,floating ,,dial        
,,compass1 for yachts and               
boating4--#b;in41 brass1 each1 #a4ej4   
,,hunting ,,and ,,fishing               
,,compass--#a;in41 brass1 each1 #a4be4  
,,hunting-,,case ,,compass1 with        
stop--#b;in41 #b4ej4   ,,turtle ,,sleeve
 ,,buttons4  ,illustration              
,nickle-plated1 #ej cents4  ,,magic     
,,turtle1 all alive1 a great curiosity1 
at #cj cents4   ,,the ,,parlor          
,,kaleidescope4  ,illustration          
,elegantly mounted on walnut stand1 and 
furnished with revolving brass ,object  

,box1 containing transparent tubes      
filled with liquids of the most         
brilliant colors4 ,price1 complete1     
each1 #c4     ,,minstrel ,,and          
,,theatrical ,,goods4   ,,negro         
,,minstrel ,,goods4  ,illustration      
,,burlesque ,song-and-,dance ,,shoes    
7buff71 #ae inches long1 per pair1 #g4  
,,song-,,and-,,dance ,,caps1 flannel1   
long peak1 #a2 fine opera flannel1      
#a4ej2 satin1 #b2 silk1 #b4ej4          
,,prepared ,,burnt ,,cork1 per box1     
#ej;c4   ,,tights--,,as ,,shown ,,in    
,,cut4  ,illustration   ,full length    
cotton1 flesh1 white or black1 per pair1
 #b4ej2 in fancy  colors1 same style1   
#c2 fine worsted1 black1 white1 or flesh
 color1  #d2 in fancy colors1 #e4       
,,measurements    #a4 ,around waist4    
#b4 ,full length4   #c4 ,from crotch to 
heel2 also1 give the length of foot4    
,,stockings4  ,illustration   ,in any   
color or colors1 long lengths to come   
over the knee1 all wool1  per pair1 #a4 
,extra heavy quality        #a #ej      

,fine worsted1 plain         #b #jj     
,fine worsted1 fancy         #b #ej     
,worsted1 striped            #c #ej     
,worsted1 striped up  down  #i #jj      
,,bones1 per set1 ,rosewood1 #ej;c41    
#ge;c41 #a2 ,ebony1 #a4be4  ,,for       
,,musical ,,instruments1 see another    
page4   ,,knee ,,breeches4              
,illustration   ,worsted 7various       
colors71 trimmed with gold or silver    
lace1 per pair1  #aj4   ,velvet 7any    
color71 trimmed1 fancy scroll1 spangled1
 per pair1 #ae4   ,,dancing ,,clogs4    
,illustration   ,red or blue1 with      
jingles1 per pair1 #c42 black calfskin1 
per pair1  #d2 black ,balmoral1 per     
pair1 #e2 ,silver or gold leather1 #g2  
,dutch  ,clogs1 all wood1 per pair1 #c4 
,,leotard ,,shirts4  ,illustration      
,worsted ,leotard ,body and ,body       
,shirt1 #c4ej each4    #a4 ,around chest
 under arms4   #b4 ,around hips4   #c4  
,from crotch to neck4   ,,equestrian    
,,shirts4   ,theatrical ,shirts1 white1 
black1 or flesh color1 #b each2 in fancy

  colors1 #b4ge2 fine worsted1 black1   
white1 or flesh color1 #d2 in  fancy    
colors1 #e4   ,,theatrical ,,wigs4      
,illustration   ,,measurements4   ,no4  
#a4  ,from forehead to nape of neck4    
,no4 #b4  ,around the head4   ,no4 #c4  
,from ear to ear across the crown4      
,no4 #d4  ,from ear to ear across       
forehead4   ,gentlemen's ,dress ,wigs1  
with natural parting1 #aj each2 of      
ordinary  color1 extra red or light1 #ah
 to #bj2 ,bag ,wig1 continental style1  
#e2  ,bald ,wigs1 according to shade and
 quality1 from #e to #ae2 ,yankee ,wig1 
ordinary colored hair1 #e2 ,yankee ,wig1
 very light or extra red1 #aj to  #ae2  
,irish ,crop ,wigs1 ordinary color1     
#d4ej2 ,irish ,crop ,wigs1 white  grey1 
#d4ej2 ,dutch ,character ,wig 7,gus     
,williams71 #e2 ,indian ,wigs1 #e2      
,judge and ,jury ,wig1 #aj2 ,clown ,wig1
 #e2 ,pantaloon ,wig and ,beard1 #f4    
,,negro ,,wigs4   ,plantation1 or ,short
 ,crop1 per doz41 #ab2 ,astrachan ditto1
 each1  #d4ej2 ,hat ,plush ditto1 each1 

#c2 ,middle-men or ,end-men1 each1 #b2  
,wench or ,topsey1 each1 #e2 ,fright1   
each1 #f2 ,bald ,negro ,wigs1 with      
whiskers and eyebrows1 #d4              
,,moustaches4  ,illustration   ,full    
,beard with ,moustaches1 #b to #e4      
,military ,whiskers with ,moustaches1   
#a4ej4   ,moustaches or ,imperials1     
#ej;c4   ,combination ,beard1 in four   
parts1 which can be used for full       
,beard1  ,side ,whiskers and ,goatee1 or
 ,dundreary's1 with and without         
,moustache1  from #c to #f4   ,,colored 
,,fires4    ,lightning1 per box         
#j #ej   ,moonlight light1 for statuary1
 pr box                   #j #ej        
,colored ,fires1 any color1 in          
half-pound boxes1 per box  #a #jj       
,tableau ,lights1 for parlor use1 any   
bright color1 each  #j #be              
,fire-eating ,preparation1 per box      
#j #ej   ,,cosmetics4    ,prepared      
,burnt ,cork1 per box          #j #ej   
,clown ,white1 per box                  
#j #ej   ,eyebrow ,pencils1 each        

#j #ej   ,mongolian ,paste for ,indians1
 per box  #j #ej   ,pencils1 for veins1 
each              #j #ej     ,,baseball1
 ,,cricket1 ,,and ,,croquet ,,goods4    
,,baseball ,,goods4  ,illustration      
,,club ,,outfits4   ,outfit ,no4 #a1    
embracing ,shirt1 ,pants1 ,cap1 ,belt1  
,hose1 ,shoes and  ,spikes1 complete1   
per man1 #i4   ,outfit ,no4 #b1 same as 
,no4 #a1 but of inferior goods1 per man1
 #g4   ,,baseballs4   ,p4  ,s4 ,new     
,treble ,ball1 red or white1 per dozen1 
#ae2 each1 #a4ej4   ,p4  ,s4            
,professional ,ball1 red or white1 per  
dozen1 #ab2 each1 #a4be4   ,p4  ,s4     
,amateur ,ball1 red or white1 per dozen1
 #i2 each1 #a4   ,,bats4   ,ash1 ,bass1 
,spruce or ,willow1 per dozen1 #b4ej2   
,light ,american ,willow1  half         
polished1 per dozen1 #e2 ,sapling ,ash1 
wound and waxed handles1  per dozen1 #f2
 ,american ,willow1 loaded at handle    
with ash1 per doz1 #h4   ,,flannel      
,,shirts4  ,illustration   ,first       
quality1 any solid color with letter or 

number on shirt1 #cf  per doz42 #c4be   
each4 ,second quality1 #cc per doz42 #c 
each4 ,third  quality1 cheaper style of 
flannel1 #bg per doz42 #b4ej each4      
,first quality opera-flannel1 any color1
 stripe or check1 #cb per doz42  #c4ge  
each4   ,,flannel ,,pants4   ,first     
quality1 of any solid color desired1 #cf
 per doz42 #c4be per  pair4 ,second     
quality1 #cb per doz42 #c per pair4     
,,shoes4  ,illustration   ,oxford or    
,low ,cut1 made of fine white canvas1   
with patent spikes1  #cd per doz41 #c   
per pair4 ,ditto1 without spikes1 #bd1  
#b4be per  pair4 ,balmoral or high cut1 
made of fine canvas1 with leather1      
instep  straps1 etc41 and with patent   
spikes inserted between the soles when  
made4 ,the spikes can be taken out and  
put in the soles in two minutes'  time1 
and the shoes worn in the streets       
without injury1 #cf per doz41  #c4be per
 pair4   ,,caps4   ,leading styles1     
flannel1 any colors1 #f1 #h1 #ab1 per   
doz42 ,jockey  ,club shape1 #i1 #ab1    

#ae1 per doz4   ,,stockings4            
,illustration   ,first quality goods1   
long lengths1 #aj per doz4 pair1 #a per 
pair4  ,second quality goods1 long      
lengths1 #f per doz4 pair4 ,extra       
quality  goods1 all wool1 and long      
lengths4 #bg per doz4 pair2 #b4ej per   
pair4  ,extra quality goods1 all wool   
and long lengths1 cotton feet1 #bd per  
doz4 pair2 #b4be per pair4   ,,belts4   
,illustration   ,american ,union ,web1  
different colors1 #b inches wide1 #bd to
 #cf inches  long1 black leather finish1
 double straps and buckles1 #c4ej per   
doz4   ,,cricket ,,goods4    ,cricket   
,bats1 all patterns1 with bag1     each1
 #a to                            #ab   
#jj    ,cricket ,balls from #a4be to    
#d #jj    ,wickets or ,stumps and       
,bails1 per     set1 from #b4be to      
#c #ej    ,leg ,guards1 from #c4ej to   
#f #jj    ,knee ,pads1 per pair         
#c #be    ,abdominal ,protector         
#b #ej    ,open ,palm ,batting ,gloves1 
per pair         #e #jj    ,batting     

,gloves1 ordinary tubular           #c  
#ej    ,wicket-keeping ,gauntlets1      
tubular          #e #jj    ,long-stop   
,gloves1 per pair                 #c #ej
    ,belts1 each1 from #ge;c4 to        
#a #ej    ,morocco and ,leather ,belts1 
stitched1     painted names sunk in1 #b 
to             #c #jj    ,cricket ,score
 ,books1 each #b and           #c #jj   
,,croquet ,,goods1 per set              
,,boxwood4--,the most durable set made2 
superior in every respect2  separate    
compartments for the balls2 with patent 
design ,mallets1 in  chestnut case      
#ae #jj   ,,beach1 ,,or ,,rock          
,,maple4--,imitation ,boxwood4 ,this is 
the best set that  can be made from     
these fine ,american woods4 ,patent     
design ,mallets1 in  chestnut case    #i
 #jj   ,,rock ,,maple4--,french         
polished4 ,a very handsome and durable  
set4 ,patent  design ,mallets    #g #ej 
,,selected ,,hard ,,wood4--,thoroughly  
made and varnished2 a handsome set2     
patent design ,mallets    #f #jj        

,,hard ,,wood4--,good selection of hard 
wood2 barrel-shape ,mallets2  handsomely
 striped2 full set and very durable4    
,balls and ,mallets  varnished    #e #jj
   ,,hard ,,wood4--,barrel-shape        
,mallets2 substantially made4 ,one of   
the best  cheap sets made in this       
country4 ,balls varnished    #d #jj     
,,hard ,,wood4--,oil finish    #c #jj   
,,youth',s ,,set4--,good selection of   
hard wood2 well made and varnished2     
strong and durable    #d #jj            
,,youth',s ,,set4--,hard wood2 oil      
finish    #c #jj     ,,athletic ,,goods4
   ,,sleeveless ,,shirts4  ,illustration
   ,cotton ,tights 7no seams71 solid    
colors1 #cj per doz41 #b4ge each4       
,same as above1 in stripes1 #cf per     
doz41 #c4be each4   ,extra fine         
qualities1 knit from worsted1 in solid  
colors1 #dh per  doz41 #d4be each4      
,same as the above1 in stripes1 #ed per 
doz41 #e each4   ,any of the above1 with
 ,initial ,letters1 ,anchors1 ,oars1    
,stars1 etc41  extra1 #h per doz41 #ge  

cents each4   ,,knee ,,tights4          
,illustration   ,of cotton1 solid       
colors1 #bg per doz41 #b4ej each4       
,extra fine quality1 knit from worsted1 
in solid colors1 #de per doz41  #d each4
   ,stripes knit in either of the above1
 extra1 #c4ej per doz41 #ce cents  each4
 ,also imported goods of cheaper        
qualities1 furnished when desired  at   
#bj per cent4 less than the above       
prices4   ,,trunks4  ,illustration      
,cotton1 any colors1 #ab per doz41 #a4be
 each2 good quality1 #ah per  doz41     
#a4ge each2 heavy worsted1 #bd per doz41
 #b4be each2 extra fine  worsted1 #cj   
per doz41 #b4ge each4   ,,skull ,,caps4 
,cotton1 any colors1 #i per doz41 #a    
each2 heavy quality1 #ab per doz41      
#a4be each2 fine worsted1 #ah per doz41 
#a4ej each4   ,,english ,,boating       
,,shoes4   ,white canvas1 leather soles1
 #b4ej per pair2 white canvas1 extra    
strong rubber soles1 #d per pair4       
,,white ,,canvas ,,slippers4            
,illustration   ,low cut1 with draw     

strings1 #ab per doz4 pairs2 extra      
quality1 with  eyelets and laces1 #ae   
per doz4 prs4   ,,gymnasium ,,belts4    
,english ,web1 #a2 ,union ,web1 fifty   
cents4   ,,running ,,shoes4             
,illustration   ,american ,spiked       
,running ,shoes 7buff71 per pair1 #c4ej4
   ,best imported ,spiked ,running      
,shoes 7black71 per pair1 #g4           
,hydraulic ,rowing ,machine4   ,single  
machine1 complete and ready for use1    
#cj2 two machines1 one  seat1 two       
levers1 #ee2 four machines1 four seats1 
four levers1 #aaj4   ,,health ,,lift    
,,machine4   ,a complete gymnasium for  
men1 women and children4 ,elastic1      
reactionary  and cumulative4 ,price1    
complete1 #cj4   ,patent ,,pocket       
,,gymnasium4   ,over fifty different    
,exercises can be performed with this   
apparatus4  ,no4 #a1 for children from  
#d to #f years1 #a2 ,no4 #b1 for        
children from  #f to #h years1 #a4aj2   
,no4 #c1 for children from #h to #aj    
years1 #a4bj2  ,no4 #d1 for children    

from #aj to #ad years1 #a4cj2 ,no4 #e1  
for ladies and  children #ad years and  
upward1 #a4dj2 ,no4 #f1 for gentlemen of
 moderate  strength1 #a4ej2 ,no4 #g1 #b2
 complete set of seven1 #i4 ,no4 #g4 is 
fitted with a screw-eye and hook to     
attach to the wall or floor4 ,two  of   
this size1 properly arranged1 make a    
complete gymnasium4   ,improved         
,,horizontal ,,bars4   ,for ,gymnasium1 
,stage or ,parlor4 ,it can be fixed     
easily in a few  minutes in any room1   
and as quickly removed2 and is adapted  
for both  sexes and all ages4 ,the      
fastenings are most ingeniously arranged
 to  adjust the bar to any height4      
,height of upright1 eight feet2 it can  
be  adjusted as low as four feet1 and   
regulated to use from a four to a  six  
foot bar4 ,with two pairs of the ,iron  
,stanchions1 very strong and  neat      
,parallel ,bars can be made4 ,horizontal
 ,bars made of the best young  hickory  
wood1 and finely finished4 ,price #a4be1
 #a4ej1 #a4ge1 #b1  #b4be1 #b4ge1 and   

#c4be each4 ,size1 #c1 #d1 #d1 #e1 #e1  
#f1 and #f feet4  ,price1 with          
everything complete1 #be4   ,,pulley    
,,machines4   #aj to #ajj each4 ,no4 #a1
 without weights1 #bj2 ,no4 #b1 on      
platform1  #be2 weights for the above1  
per pound1 #f;c4   ,,fencing ,,sticks4  
,basket handle1 per pair      #a #ej4   
,,books ,,on ,,athletics4   ,prof4 ,wm4 
,wood's 8,manual of ,physical           
,exercises10 #b4   ,dr4 ,dio ,lewis'    
8,new ,gymnastics for ,men1 ,women1 and 
,children10 #cjj  illustrations1 #a4ge4 
,ed4 ,e4 ,price's 8,treatise on         
,sparring and ,wrestling10 #ge;c4       
,kehoe's 8,work on ,indian ,club        
,exercises10 #a4be4    ,ed4 ,james'     
8,treatise on ,practical ,training for  
,running1 ,walking1  ,rowing ,boxing1   
,wrestling1 ,jumping10 etc41 etc41      
#ej;c4   ,ed4 ,james' 8,manual of       
,sporting ,rules10 governing in and     
outdoor  pastimes1 #ej;c4   ,,american  
,,bar ,,tender1 containing over #ajj    
,summer and ,winter ,drinks4  #ej cents4

  ,illustration  ,,how ,,to ,,mix       
,,drinks4  ,,by  ,,jerry ,,thomas4  #acj
 pages1 #a4   ,,roller ,,skates4        
,sixes1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa;in4        
foot-plate4  ,this skate is neater1     
lighter1 and more durable than any skate
 yet offered4 ,the foot-plate is of     
sheet-iron1 with mountings 7well        
secured7 which will not cause pain or   
injury to the feet4 ,the axle runs      
through a steel collar upon which the   
wheel revolves1 thereby preventing      
friction4 ,the roller is made of solid  
vulcanized rubber1 and will not become  
soft or peel off when in use4  ,per     
pair1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #d #ej4   ,,chess     
,,men4  ,illustration    ,boxwood1 #h   
sizes1 per set1            #b #jj to #f 
#ej   ,hardwood1 #e sizes1 per set1     
#a #be to  #c #jj   ,bone1 #d sizes1 per
 set1                #d #jj to  #h #jj  
,traveling chess-board1 mahogany1 draw  
out1 bone men1 small and large1 per     
set1                                #d  
#jj to #f #jj   ,,checker ,,men4        

,lignumvit and ,boxwood1 #a inches4     
,black walnut box1 per set         #a   
#jj   ,bone1 #a;in41 black walnut box   
#d #jj   ,checker and ,chessmen combined
      #a #ej   ,,dominoes4    ,bone1 per
 set   #a #jj to #c #jj   ,,club        
,,skates4  ,illustration   ,,strapped1  
with heel button4  ,sizes1 #h1 #h1 #i1  
#i1 #aj1 #aj1 #aa1 #aa;in4   ,japanned  
sheet-iron foot-plates1 converted steel 
runners1 steel heel  button1 strapped   
with broad toe straps4 ,per pair    #a  
#be   ,,medium ,,quality4  ,sizes1 #h1  
#h #i1 #i1 #aj1 #aj #aa1 #aa;in4        
,stamped ,eagle1 ,no4 #c1 well finished1
 blued foot-plate1 right and left       
screw1 improved guides1 per pair    #b  
#jj   ,,half-,,rocker4  ,sizes1 #i1 #i1 
#aj1 #aj #aa inches4   ,half-rocker     
welded steel and iron runners hardened1 
,french polished  beech woods1 mounted  
with heavy brass heel and toe plates1   
very highly  finished1 pierced for #a   
inches1 broad toe straps1 per pair    #b
 #jj   ,,new ,,york ,,club4  ,sizes1 #h1

 #h1 #i1 #i1 #aj1 #aj1 #aa1 #aa;in4     
,blue finished1 steel foot-plate1       
polished runners1 same quality and      
style as nickel plated1 per pair    #c  
#jj   ,,all ,,clamp ,,steel4  7,see cut 
above47  ,sizes1 #h1 #h1 #i1 #i1 #aj1   
#aj1 #aa1 #aa;in4  ,in constructing this
 skate1 no new or untried mechanical    
principle for obtaining the desired     
motions and power is employed4 ,the     
transverse sliding clamp for grasping   
the sole1 operated and held by means of 
pins and slots1 is a mechanical device  
long and successfully employed on       
skates2 which1 with the single and      
directly acting heel clamp and          
longitudinal screw1 make this the most  
desirable of all clamp skate in the     
market4 ,all of the important parts of  
these skates are made of steel2 and the 
runners are manufactured of the best    
welded steel and iron1 carefully        
tempered4    ,no4 #i1 ,nickel ,plated1  
per pair     #e #ej   ,no4 #h1 ,blue    
,top1 per pair           #d #ej         

,,ladies' ,,skates4  ,sizes1 #g1 #g1 #h1
 #h1 #i1 #i1 #aj inches4   ,monitor     
pattern1 solid post frame skate1        
tempered runners1 polished  beech woods1
 trimmed with black leather1 broad toe  
and heel straps1  roller buckles1 brass 
plates1 per pair4    #b #jj   ,address  
,,ed4 ,,james1 #hh and #ij ,,centre     
,,street1 ,new ,york ,city4   ,,rare    
,,english ,,sporting ,,prints4          
,westminster ,dog ,pit1 representing a  
dog fight in this famous pit in  the    
last century4 ,size #afbb4 ,price #a4ej4
   ,crib and ,rosa1 two high bred bull  
dogs4 ,size #afbj4 ,price #a4ej4        
,bubble and ,squeak1 terrier and rat4   
,size #ahbj4 ,price #a4ej4   ,rat       
,catcher1 dog killing rats4 ,size #abae4
 ,price #a4ej4   ,cocker and ,woodcock4 
,size #afac4 ,price #a4   ,spaniel and  
,wild ,duck4 ,size #afac4 ,price #a4    
,setter and ,grouse4 ,size #afac4 ,price
 #a4   ,pluck1 small black and tan dog1 
with large rat4 ,size #aibd4 ,price     
#a4ej4   ,bull ,broke ,loose1 bull      

baiting with dogs in the olden time4    
,size  #afbb4 ,price #a4ej4   ,pot and  
,kettle ,race1 two dogs with pot and    
kettle tied to their tails4  ,size      
#afba4 ,price #a4ej4   ,pugilist1       
monkeys as pugilists1 with seconds1 etc4
 ,size #aeaf4 ,price  #a4ej4   ,duelist1
 monkeys fighting a duel4 ,size #aeaf4  
price #a4ej   ,lurcher and ,rabbit4     
,size #afac4 ,price #a4   ,retriever and
 ,pheasant4 ,size #afac4 ,price #a4     
,pointer and ,partridge4 ,size #afac4   
,price #a4   ,derby ,day4 ,size #bgej4  
,price #bj4   ,english ,race ,horses1   
winners of the ,derby and ,ascot1       
beautifully  colored4 ,size #ahbb4      
,price #e4   ,illustration  ,,the       
,,set-,,to4   ,two ,game ,fowl in the   
act of fighting1 beautifully colored    
lithograph4  ,size #adah4 ,price #ej    
cents4   ,,dr4 ,,cooper',s ,,great      
,,work  ,,on  ,,game ,,fowl4  ,over #cjj
 pages1 with two elegant chromos4 ,price
 #e4   ,,pigeon ,,shooting ,,plate4     
,the ,great ,championship ,pigeon       

,shooting ,match between ,john ,taylor  
and ,william ,seeds1 the 8,jersey ,boy10
 giving portraits of over #ej           
celebrated shots4 ,tinted lithograph4   
,size #bhdh4 ,price #b4ej4  ,beautifully
 colored1 price #c4ej4   ,,sporting     
,,works4   ,american ,racing ,calendar1 
#a4   ,racing ,rules1 #ej cents4        
,trotting ,rules1 #ej cents4   ,frank   
,forrester's ,horse of ,america1 #b     
vols41 #ae4   ,pigeons3 their ,variety1 
,management1 ,breeding and ,disease4 ,by
 ,hugh  ,piper4 #ge cents4   ,sweet's   
,elements of ,draughts1 for beginners4  
#fj cents4   ,sweet's ,ready ,reckoner4 
#ej cents4   ,,live ,,stock4            
,illustration  ,illustration  ,below are
 given prices of birds1 animals1 etc4   
7express charges not included71 which   
invariably have to be prepaid by express
 and money forwarded in advance4 ,no    
live stock sent ,c4 ,o4 ,d4    ,maltese 
,cat                               #aj  
#jj   #f ,black and ,tan ,terrier       
#dj #jj   #h do                         

#be #jj   ,bull ,terrier1 from          
#be to #ajj #jj   ,italian ,greyhound1  
from             #cj to  #ge #jj        
,scotch ,terrier1 from                  
#bj to  #ej #jj   ,skye ,terrier1 from  
#bj to  #ej #jj   ,newfoundland1 from   
#cj to #ajj #jj   ,coach ,dog           
#ce #jj   ,retriever1 from              
#be #jj   ,fox ,hound                   
#dj #jj   ,setter                       
#dj #jj   ,pointer                      
#dj #jj   ,beagle ,hound                
#dj #jj   ,ferrets1 per pair            
#cj #jj   ,game ,fowl1 #aj each1 or the 
trio           #be #jj   ,parrot1 from  
#ab to  #ej #jj   ,parroquet            
#h #jj   ,cock of the ,rock             
#ge #jj   ,silver ,pheasant and ,hen1   
per pair          #ej #jj   ,monkey1    
from                        #ae to  #be 
#jj   ,canary1 from                     
#e to  #aj #jj   ,anaconda ,snake1 from 
#ej #jj   ,cockatoo1 from               
#bj #jj   ,mocking ,bird1 from          
#be #jj   ,,veterinary ,,instruments4   

,metal ,horse ,syringes1 #bd1 #cf and   
#dh oz41          #c #ej1 #d #ej1 #e #ej
   ,brass ,horse ,syringes              
#ac #jj   ,reed's ,patent ,injection    
,pump1 best                             
#ce #jj   ,reed's ,patent ,injection    
,pump1 plain                            
#bc #jj   ,english ,imported ,horse     
,tooth ,rasp                            
#e #jj   ,english ,imported ,horse      
,tooth ,rasp1 guarded                   
#f #be   ,two ,fold ,case ,veterinary   
,instruments                            
#ah #jj   ,three ,fold ,case ,veterinary
 ,instrum'ts                            
#bg #jj   ,pricking ,knives1 #a1 #b and 
#c blade1 plain       #b #ej1 #c #be and
 #d #jj   ,pricking ,knives1 #a1 #b and 
#c blade1 spring back  #b #ge1 #c #ej   
and #d #be   ,castrating ,clamps        
#d #jj and #aj #jj   ,castrating        
,eraseur                                
#ag #jj   ,set of ,hobbles              
#ce #jj   ,firing ,irons                
#c #jj   ,balling ,guns1 wood           

#b #ej   ,balling ,guns1 brass          
#c #ej   ,elastic ,horse ,catheders     
#c #jj   ,metalic ,horse ,catheders     
#c #jj   ,seton ,needles1 plain         
#a #be and #a #ge   ,seton ,needles1    
long screw1 #c parts4                   
#d #be   ,horse ,fleams1 #a1 #b and #c  
blades                 #b #be1 #b #ge   
and #c #be   ,tracheotomy ,tubes1 metal 
#g #ej   ,tracheotomy ,tubes1 hard      
rubber                                  
#e #be   ,spring ,lancets               
#c #be   ,tooth ,forceps1 from          
#f #jj   ,clipping ,shears              
#a #ge and #b #be   ,clipping ,combs1   
horn                                    
#ge   ,clipping ,combs1 steel           
#ge   ,apparatus for ,singing with gas  
#f #ej1 #ah #jj   ,apparatus for        
,singing1 with alcohol                  
#b #ej1 #e #jj   ,trocars and ,canulus  
#c #ge   ,hypoderme ,syringes           
#c #ge and #f #jj   ,silver ,milk ,tubes
                                        
#b #jj   ,horse ,muzzle                 

#g #ej   ,small ,nippers                
#b #be   ,baldwin ,bit                  
#b #ej to #e #jj   ,bit to ,prevent     
,wind ,sucking                          
#c #jj     ,,musical ,,instruments4     
,,banjos4  ,illustration   ,all ,,banjos
 here described are #aa inches in       
diameter4                               
,each4    ,tack head1 sheepskin1 with   
walnut       handle                     
#b #ej   #f plain screws1 sheepskin1    
walnut       handle1 iron hoop          
#c #be   #f eagle brackets1 sheepskin1  
walnut       handle1 brass hoop         
#e #jj   #f eagle brackets1 calfskin1   
walnut       handle1 brass hoop         
#f #jj   #aj eagle brackets1 stained    
rim1 calfskin1       walnut handle1     
brass hoop              #g #jj   #h     
shields1 stained rim1 rosewood          
veneered handle                         
#h #jj   ,,professional ,,banjos4       
,each4    #aj brackets1 fine head1 fret1
 walnut       handle1 and oak rim       
#h #ej   #af brackets1 fine calf head1  

walnut       handle1 oak rim            
#aj #ej   #af brackets1 polished        
veneered rosewood       handle and rim  
#ab #ej   #af brackets1 extra fine      
rosewood       veneered handle and rim  
#ae #jj   #af brackets1 extra fine solid
 rosewood       handle and veneered rim 
#ba #jj   #aj brackets1 ,german silver  
rim1       lined with wood inside1      
walnut       fretted handle             
#ac #jj   #af brackets1 ,german silver  
rim1       lined with wood inside1      
walnut       fretted handle             
#ae #jj   #af  brackets1 ,german silver 
rim1       lined with wood inside1      
inlaid       handles                    
#ac #jj   #ah brackets1 ,german silver  
rim1       lined with wood inside1 solid
       rosewood                         
#be #jj   ,,dobson',s  8,,improved      
,,patent ,,banjos40  ,,patented         
,,february1 #ahgc4    ,no4              
,each4    #djj   #h screws1 im rosewood 
rim1        cherry neck1 brass trimmings
          #g #fj    #dje   #aj screws1  

im rosewood rim1        walnut neck1    
brass trimmings           #h #ej    #daj
   #ab screws1 im rosewood rim1         
cherry neck1 brass trimmings            
#i #ej    #dae   #ad screws1 im rosewood
 rim1        walnut neck1 fretted brass 
trimmings  #aj #ej    #dbe   #ad screws1
 im rosewood rim1        nickel plated  
trimmings                #e #jj    #dcj 
#af screws1 im rosewood rim1            
nickel plated trimmings                 
#ag #jj    #dce   #bj screws1 rosewood  
rim1 nickel        plated trimmings     
#ba #jj    #ddj   #bj screws1 inlaid    
rosewood rim1        nickel plated      
trimmings               #bd #jj    #dde 
#bj screws1 inlaid rosewood rim1        
nickel plated trimmings1 metal          
tailpiece                               
#cj #jj    #dej   #bj screws1 inlaid    
rosewood rim1        nickel plated      
trimmings1 covered        back          
#cj #jj    #dee   #bj screws1 brass rim1
 new style1        with nuts inside     
#ba #jj    #dfj  #bj screws1 brass extra

 fine        rim1 nickel plated         
trimmings          #be #jj    #dfe   #bj
 screws1 ,german silver rim1            
nickel plated trimmings                 
#be #jj    #dgj   #bj screws1 ,german   
silver rim1        nickel plated        
trimmings               #cj #jj    #dge 
#bj screws1 ,german silver rim1         
new style1 with nuts inside             
#be #jj  ,the patent consists mainly in 
the application of an entirely new style
 of screw and clamp1 the latter catching
 upon the metal hoop1 and the screw     
passing through it and into a solid ash 
rim1 forming for itself a thread almost 
as durable as one of metal1 and         
producing an equal and powerful pressure
 upon the flesh hoop4  ,the advantages  
of this banjo over all former patents   
are many1 and comprise1 mainly1 a power 
of tone never before attained in a      
low-priced banjo2 extreme lightness1    
durability1 and an attractive           
appearance1 which assures the dealer of 
a ready sale4  ,on ,,all these ,banjos  

we use the best quality ,french calf    
head1 ,italian strings1 and thoroughly  
seasoned wood for the necks and rims4   
,,tambourines4    ,,tack-,,head         
,,tambourines4                          
,each4    #aj inch1 sheepskin           
#a #ej   #ab inch1 sheepskin            
#b #ej   #aj inch1 calfskin1 stained rim
         #c #jj   #ab inch1 calfskin1   
stained rim         #c #ej   #aj inch1  
calfskin1 wooden rim lined        with  
brass                        #d #ej     
#ab inch1 calfskin1 wooden rim lined    
with ,german silver                #f   
#jj    ,,screw-,,head ,,tambourines4    
#aj inch1 plain1 sheepskin1 iron        
trimmings                         #b #jj
   #ab inch1 plain1 sheepskin1 iron     
trimmings                         #b #ge
   #aj inch1 calfskin1 painted1 brass   
trimmings4                        #c #ej
   #ab inch1 calfskin1 painted1 brass   
trimmings4                        #d #be
   #aj inch1 handsomely painted1        
calfskin1        with fancy gilt        

trimmings         #e #jj   #ab inch1    
handsomely painted1                     
calfskin1brass trimmings4         #e #ge
   ,,ed4 ,,james' ,,standard ,,sporting 
,,series4   ,,how ,,to ,,acquire        
,,health1 ,,strength1 ,,and ,,muscle1   
with ,cures for various ,diseases1      
,proportions of a perfect ,human        
,figure1 ,measurements of ,noted        
,athletes1 ,remarkable ,feats of        
,muscular ,strength1 ,description of the
 ,muscular ,system1 ,nutrition and      
,digestion1 ,food1 ,air1 ,exercise1     
,stimulants1 etc41 etc4 ,sent prepaid by
 mail for fifty cents4   ,,the          
,,dumb-,,bell ,,and ,,club-,,swinger',s 
,,manual1  ,containing all the          
,movements and ,what ,muscles they      
,develop1 with upwards of thirty-six    
illustrative figures and portraits1     
original and engraved expressly for this
 work4 ,sent by mail on receipt of      
thirty cents4   ,practical ,training for
 ,running1 ,walking1  ,rowing1          
,wrestling1 ,boxing1 ,jumping1 and all  

kinds of ,athletic ,feats1 ,banting's   
,system of ,reducing ,corpulency1       
,record of best ,athletic ,performances1
 ,proportional ,measurements according  
to ,height and ,weight1 etc4 ,price1 by 
mail1 prepaid1 fifty cents4   ,,the     
,,complete ,,handbook  ,,of  ,,boxing   
,,and ,,wrestling2  with full and simple
 ,directions on ,acquiring these        
,useful1  ,invigorating1 and            
,health-giving ,arts4 ,illustrated with 
fifty original  ,engravings and         
,portraits4 ,,price ,,fifty ,,cents1    
,,prepaid ,,by ,,mail4   ,,the ,,game   
,,cock4   ,how to ,breed1 ,feed1 ,train1
 ,handle1 ,heel and ,trim2 ,treatment   
and ,cure  of ,diseases1 ,cockers'      
,tricks ,exposed1 and all the ,cocking  
,rules1 etc4  ,by ,ed4 ,james           
,illustrated1 cloth1 by mail1 #a4be4    
,,terrier ,,dogs1 ,,etc4   ,how to      
,breed1 ,crop1 ,physic1 etc41 with      
,points and ,properties2 ,rats  and ,rat
 ,killing1 ,ratting1 ,badger ,baiting   
and ,dog ,fighting ,rules1 ,how  to     

,train for the ,pit1 ,dog ,fighters'    
,tricks ,exposed1 with a chapter        
,teaching ,dogs ,tricks4 ,by ,ed4       
,james4 ,cloth1 illustrated1 price #a4  
,,manual ,,of ,,sporting ,,rules1       
,,comprising ,,the ,,latest ,,and ,,best
 ,,authenticated ,,revised ,,rules      
,,governing   ,trap ,shooting1 ,canine1 
,ratting1 ,badger ,baiting1 ,cock       
,fighting1 the  ,prize ,ring1           
,wrestling1 ,running1 ,walking1         
,jumping1 ,knurr and ,spell1  ,la       
,crosse1 ,boating1 ,bagatelle1 ,archery1
 ,rifle and ,pistol ,shooting1  ,shuffle
 ,board1 ,shinny1 ,quoits1 ,skittles1   
,hand ,ball1 ,rackets1 ,fly  ,casting1  
,swimming1 ,foot ,ball1 ,pin ,pool1     
,fifteen ,ball ,pool1 ,scottish  ,games1
 ,ten ,pins1 ,skating1 ,curling1 etc4   
,for the ,united ,states1 ,canadas  and 
,great ,britain4 ,by ,ed4 ,james4       
,illustrated4 ,paper1 by mail1 prepaid1 
#ej cents4   ,the ,modern ,oarsman2     
,teaching how to ,row1 ,scull1 ,steer1  
,slide1 ,trim1 ,sit1 ,feather1 etc4     

,also1 ,record of ,important ,sculling  
,matches in both ,hemispheres1          
,portraits of ,noted ,oarsmen1 ,boating 
,rules1 etc4 ,price ,,fifty ,,cents4    
,,published ,,by   ,,ed4 ,,james1 #hh   
,,and #ij ,,centre ,,street1 ,,new      
,,york1   ,,new ,,york ,,clipper        
,,building4     ,,ed4 ,,james'          
,,pugilistic ,,series   ,illustrated    
,life and ,battles of   ,,jack          
,,randall1 known as ,the ,prime ,irish  
,lad1 with full account of his battles  
with ,leonard1 ,jack ,payne1 ,walton1   
,dodd1 ,ugly ,boruk1 ,dick ,west1 ,harry
 ,holt1 ,aby ,belasco1 ,burke1 ,joe     
,parish1 ,dan ,mc,carthy1 ,ned ,turner  
and ,jack ,martin1 containing portraits 
from steel plates4 ,price1 #be;c4       
,illustrated ,life and ,battles of      
,,dan ,,donnelly1  ,champion of         
,ireland1 who defeated ,tom ,hall1      
,george ,cooper and ,tom ,oliver1 being 
knighted for his bravery1 with portraits
 from original steel plates4 ,price1    
#be;c4  ,illustrated ,life and ,battles 

of   ,,john ,,morrissey1  ,conqueror of 
,heenan1 ,sullivan and ,thompson2 his   
turn-up with ,bill ,poole2 ,senator and 
,member of ,congress1 with portraits4   
,price1 #be;c4  ,illustrated ,life and  
,battles of   ,,john ,c4 ,,heenan1      
containing full accounts of his         
,international fights between ,tom      
,sayers and ,tom ,king1 etc41 with      
portraits4 ,price1 #be;c4  ,illustrated 
,life and ,battles of   ,,tom ,,hyer4   
,all about his great #aj1jjj            
championship battle with ,yankee        
,sullivan2 contest with ,country        
,mc,cluskey1 etc4 ,four cuts4 ,price1   
#be;c4   ,,champions ,,of ,,england1    
from the year #agjj to the present time1
 containing ,authentic ,records1        
,anecdotes1 ,personal ,recollections1   
etc41 etc41 with #cj engravings1 from   
original portraits by ,ed4 ,james4      
,price1 #ej cents4  ,illustrated ,life  
and ,battles of   ,,yankee ,,sullivan1  
including his ,convict ,life and ,prize 
,fights in ,australia1 fights with      

,hammer ,lane1 ,vince ,hammond1 ,tom    
,secor1 ,billy ,bell1 ,bob ,caunt1 ,tom 
,hyer and ,john ,morrissey1 down to his 
assassination in ,california4 ,price1   
#be cents4  ,the ,life and ,adventures  
of   ,,ben ,,hogan1 who delights in     
being looked upon as the ,wickedest ,man
 in the ,world4 ,containing a full      
account of his thrilling and remarkable 
experience1 together with a complete    
report of his triumphs in the ,prize    
,ring1 and his career in the ,oil       
,regions1 in the ,far ,west1 and on the 
sea4 ,illustrated profusely2 #cjj pages4
 ,price1 #ej cents4     ,,heenan ,,and  
,,sayers ,,fight1   for #bjj a side and 
the ,championship of the ,world4        
,containing #bej portraits from life of 
the pugilistic celebrities and sporting 
men of the day4  ,framing size1 #bbbh4  
,price1 with key-plate included         
7unframed71 #c  ,when sent by mail      
#ej;c4 additional required for postage1 
etc4   ,photographs of ,pugilists1 ,etc4
  ,imperial size1 taken from life4      

,price1 #ce cents each4    ,joe ,goss1  
,mike ,donovan1   ,billy ,edwards1      
,jim ,murray1   ,patsy ,sheppard1       
,edwin ,bibby1   ,ed4 ,hanlan1   ,wm4   
,muldoon1   ,paddy ,ryan1   ,dooney     
,harris1   ,arthur ,chambers1   ,mike   
,coburn1   ,ed4 ,mc,glinchy1   ,prof4   
,bauer1   ,john ,mc,mahon1   ,jimmy     
,kelly1   ,george ,rooke1   ,johnny     
,dwyer1   ,wm4 ,c4 ,mc,clennan1   ,dick 
,goodwin1   ,frank ,white1   ,john      
,morrissey1   ,matt ,grace4  ,no other  
photographs of pugilists for sale4      
,,dan ,,donnelly',s ,life and ,battles1 
profusely illustrated    #be cents      
,,john ,,morrissey',s ,life and         
,battles1 with portraits         #be    
cents   ,,john ,c4 ,,heenan',s ,life and
 ,battles1 with portraits         #be   
cents   ,,tom ,,hyer',s ,life and       
,battles1 with portraits                
#be cents   ,,pugilistica1 or the       
,history of ,british ,boxing for #add   
years4 ,published in monthly parts4     
,this work1 illustrated1 was commenced  

in ,march1 #ahhj1 and is issued every   
month4 ,price1 per part1 #ej;c4   ,,game
 ,,fowls4  ,their ,origin and ,history1 
with a ,description of the ,breeds1     
,strains and ,crosses2 ,the ,american   
and ,english ,modes of ,feeding1        
,training and ,heeling2 ,how to ,breed  
and ,cross1 ,improving ,qualities and   
,preserving ,feather1 together with a   
,description and ,treatment of all      
,diseases incident to ,game ,fowls4     
,illustrated with two beautiful chromos 
of a cut out ,game ,cock and ,game ,cock
 in full feather4 ,over #cjj pages4 ,by 
,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,cooler4 ,elegantly bound  
in cloth and gilt4 ,price1 per copy1 #e 
#jj4   ,,the ,,amateur  ,,negro         
,,minstrel',s ,,guide4  ,containing full
 instructions for everything            
appertaining to the business1 with      
specimen programmes1 stump speeches1    
end-men's gags1 etc41 etc4 ,illustrated 
with characters1 scenes and portraits4  
,price1 #be cents4 ,address3  ,,ed4     
,,james1 ,clipper ,building1 #hh and #ij

 ,centre st41 ,new ,york4     ,,ed4     
,,james' ,,price ,,list4   ,,yachts1    
,etc4  ,illustration  ,,size1 #adah4    
,,price #be ,,cts4 ,,each4    ,sappho1  
,meteor1           ,dauntless1          
,henrietta1                   ,vesta1   
,fleetwing1                             
,cambria4    ,yacht ,race for the       
,queen's ,cup1 #ahgj4   ,sappho and     
,livonia ,yacht ,race ,cup of #ahgj4    
,little ,ship ,red1 ,white and ,blue4   
,ship ,great ,republic4   ,steamship    
,great ,eastern4   ,the ,r4 ,e4 ,lee and
 ,natchez ,race4   ,race on the         
,mississippi4   ,ice ,boat ,race on the 
,hudson4   ,boat ,race--,rowing4   ,new 
,york ,ferry ,boat4   ,,horse           
,,pictures4  ,illustration  ,,price #bj 
,,cents ,,each1 ,,or #f ,,for #a4       
,lucille ,golddust1   ,prospero1        
,frank1   ,rarus and ,great ,eastern1   
,trotters on the ,snow1   ,parole1      
saddle1   ,sweetzer1   ,ethan ,allen1   
,dexter1   ,goldsmith ,maid1   ,lucy1   
,american ,girl1   ,dexter vs4 ,butler1 

,gloster1   ,red ,cloud1   ,smuggler1   
,camors1   ,fleety ,golddust1   ,nettie1
   ,mambrino ,gift1   ,lula1   ,bodine1 
,may ,queen1   ,sensation1   ,gov4      
,sprague1   ,henry1   ,lady ,thorn1     
,dutchman1   ,lady ,fallon1             
,hambletonian1   ,flora ,temple1        
,occident1   ,harry ,bassett1           
,longfellow1   ,mollie ,mc,carthy1      
,edwin ,forrest1   ,lucille1   ,croxie1 
,sam ,purdy1   ,blackwood1 ,jr41        
,hopeful1   ,lady ,maud1   ,rarus1      
,bella1   ,smuggler vs4 ,fullerton1     
,great ,eastern1   ,ten ,broeck1   ,tom 
,ochiltree1   ,jay ,gould1   ,hannis4   
,,pugilistic  ,,celebrities4            
,illustration  ,illustration  ,,size1   
#agba1  ,,colored1  ,,price #a ,,each4  
,,john ,c4 ,,heenan1   ,,tom ,,sayers1  
,,nat ,,langham1   ,,james ,,mace1      
,,tom ,,paddock1   ,,wm4 ,,edwards1     
,,arthur ,,chambers1   ,,john ,j4       
,,dwyer4   ,the ,,bull ,,terrier        
8,,major40  ,,rat-,,killing ,,scene4    
,,size1 #beca1 ,,colored1  ,price #a4be4

 each4    ,,american ,,fistiana4        
,containing rounds1 etc41 of principal  
,prize ,fights from #ahaf to date4 #afj 
pages4 ,by mail1 #ej cts4   ,,pig ,,pape
 ,,and ,,dog ,,crib1  ,as they appeared 
in their celebrated fight in ,new ,york 
in ,march1 #ahdi1 with portraits of     
handlers and celebrities4 ,size1 #agba4 
,price #ej cts4   ,,miscellaneous4      
,,size1 #adah4 ,,price #be ,,cts4       
,,each4    ,burning of ,chicago4   ,east
 ,river ,bridge1 ,new ,york4   ,family  
,register4   ,royal ,family of ,prussia4
   ,talked to ,death4   ,dolly ,varden4 
,burns and ,highland ,mary4   ,byron in 
the ,highlands4    ,family ,photographic
 ,tree4   ,tomb and ,shade of ,napoleon4
   ,assassination of ,lincoln4   ,view  
of ,new ,york ,city4   ,daniel          
,o',connell4   ,robert ,emmett4   ,the  
,setter ,dog4   ,the ,pointer ,dog4     
,empress ,eugenie4   ,royal ,family of  
,england4   ,the ,broken ,slate 7for bar
 rooms74   ,the ,heathen ,chinee4       
,,boat ,,racing ,,chromos4              

,illustration  ,walter ,brown and ,james
 ,hamill's ,great ,sculling ,match1     
#becc4 ,price1 #c4  ,a ,modern ,college 
,scull1 #agba4 ,price1 #ej cents4       
,amateur ,muscle in the ,shell1 #agba4  
,price1 #ej cents4   ,,portraits ,,of   
,,the ,,great ,,trotters  ,illustration 
,size1 #bebc4 ,price1 #c4    ,goldsmith 
,maid1 to sulky1 #b4ad4   ,lula1 to     
sulky1 #b4ae4   ,smuggler1 to sulky1    
#b4ae4   ,american ,girl1 to sulky1     
#b4af4   ,occident1 to sulky1 #b4af4    
,hopeful1 to sulky1 driven by ,mace1    
#b4ag4   ,judge ,fullerton1 to sulky1   
#b4ai4   ,red ,cloud1 to sulky1 #b4ah4  
,lucy1 to sulky1 #b4ah4   ,lady ,thorn1 
to wagon1 #b4bd2 to sulky1 #b4ah4       
,music1 to sulky1 #b4ba4   ,thos4       
,jefferson1 to sulky1 #b4bc4   ,george  
,wilkes1 to sulky1 #b4bb4   ,joe        
,elliott1 to sulky1 #b4ae4   ,tom       
,moore1 to sulky1 #b4ca4   ,dan ,rice1  
better known as ,rhode ,isl'd1 to wagon1
 #b4ha2 s'ky1 #b4bc4   ,trustee1 to     
sulky1 twenty miles in #eimin4 #cesec4  

,rarus1 to sulky4   ,rarus to sulky1 and
 ,great ,eastern to saddle4  ,size1     
#bbbh4 ,price1 #a4ej4    ,com4          
,vanderbilt1 to wagon4   ,jack          
,rossiter1 to sulky4   ,,running        
,,horses4  ,harry ,bassett1 with jockey 
waiting for the signal2 size #becc4     
,price1 #c4  ,petonia and ,fashion      
running their great race ,may #ac1      
#ahde2 size1 #becc4 ,price1 #c4  ,flying
 ,dutchman and ,voltigeur1 running race2
 size1 #bbbh4 ,price1 #b4   ,road and   
,track ,scenes4  ,size #bfcf1 each      
#d4jj4    ,a ,stopping ,place on the    
,road4   ,trotting ,cracks at ,home--,a 
,model ,stable4   ,trotting ,cracks at  
the ,forge4   ,going to the ,trot--,a   
,good ,day and ,good ,track4   ,coming  
from the ,trot--8,sports0 on            
8,homestretch40   ,fast ,trotters on    
8,harlem ,lane40   ,speeding on the     
,avenue4   ,a ,brush for the ,lead1 ,new
 ,york 8,flyers0 on ,snow4   ,first     
,trot of the ,season--,to go as they    
please4  ,size #becc1 each #c4jj4       

,scoring--,coming up for the ,work4   ,a
 ,brush on the ,homestretch4   ,won by a
 ,neck4   ,trotting ,cracks on the      
,snow4   ,famous ,trotting ,horses4     
,size #becc1 each #c4jj4    ,the ,king  
of the ,road1 ,dexter and ,bonner4      
,american ,girl1 and ,lady ,thorn4      
,goldsmith ,maid1 and ,american ,girl4  
,billy ,boyce--,pacer1 ,to ,saddle1     
#b3ad4   ,dexter--,to ,sulky1 #b3ag4    
,monk4                            #e4ej 
,king ,lear ,wig and ,beard4            
#ab4jj   ,clown ,wigs  ,by sending the  
size of ,hat worn1 a good fit can be    
obtained4   ,beards1 ,moustaches1 ,etc4 
,full ,beard4                           
#c4jj    ,extra long4                   
#d4jj    ,side ,whiskers and ,moustache1
 on   wire4    ,side ,whiskers and      
,moustache1 on   gauze4                 
#c4jj    ,moustaches1 all colors1 each4 
#ej    ,imperials4                      
#ej   ,banjos4    ,stage ,banjo1 #ad    
,screws4               #ae4jj   ,solo   
,banjo1 #ae ,screws4                    

#ah4jj   ,rosewood ,banjo1 #af ,screws4 
#be4jj   ,solid ,rosewood ,banjo1 #af   
,screws4       #ce4jj   ,silver ,plated1
 #af ,screws4              #de4jj       
,sundries4    ,tambourines1   ,violins1 
from                          #aj4jj    
,accordeons1       ,concertinas1        
,mouth ,harmonicons1 #cb ,holes4        
,best ,ebony or ,rosewood ,bones1       
,triangles1 each4                       
#a4ej   ,burnt ,cork1 the ,receipt for  
making it4    #be   ,magic ,lanterns1   
from                    #b4jj   ,albums1
 for #ej ,cartes4                  #b4jj
   ,albums1 with #ej ,cartes of         
,celebrities4  #d4jj    ,,ivory ,,sleeve
 ,,buttons--,horse1 ,dog1       ,stag1  
,frog1 ,turtle1 ,owl1 and               
,egyptian ,heads1 with glass eyes1      
per pair                                
#ge;c4   ,faro and ,keno ,goods ,etc4   
,illustration   ,ivory ,faro ,checks4   
,,first ,,quality4    #a       in41     
plain1 per hundred4    #ce4jj   #ai_/af 
8     8     8     8         #cg4ej   #a 

8     8     8     8         #dj4jj   #a 
8   fancy1  8     8         #cg4ej      
#ai_/af 8     8     8     8             
#dj4jj   #a        8     8     8     8  
#db4ej  ,,second ,,quality4    #ag_/af  
in41 plain1 per hundred     #bg4ej   #a 
8     8     8     8        #cj4jj       
#ai_/af  8     8     8     8            
#cb4ej   #a         8     8     8     8 
#ce4jj   #a         8   fancy1  8     8 
#cb4ej   #ai_/af  8     8     8     8   
#ce4jj   #a         8     8     8     8 
#cg4ej  ,coppers1 ,splits and ,markers  
included4 ,broken ,sets of ,checks      
filled up at short notice4   ,welling's 
,patent   ,compressed   ,,ivory ,,faro  
,,checks4    ,plain    #a inch1 per     
hundred           #aj4jj     8      #a  
8     8     8               #aa4ej      
,lined    #a  8     8     8             
#aa4ej     8      #a  8     8     8     
#ac4jj   ,engraved #a in4    8     8    
#ac4jj     8      #a  8     8     8     
#af4jj   ,plain    #a in4 pr4 set of six
 hundred   #ej4jj     8      #a  8     8

    8    8     8     #fj4jj   ,lined    
#a  8     8    8    8     8     #fj4jj  
8      #a  8     8    8    8     8      
#gj4jj   ,engraved #a in4    8    8    8
     8     #hj4jj     8      #a  8     8
    8    8     8     #ij4jj   ,poker    
,chips4   ,,ivory4    #a   inch         
per hundred1 #aj4jj   #a   8            
8      #ab4jj   #a   8                  
8      #ae4jj   #a   8                  
8      #af4jj  ,either red1 blue or     
white4   ,,bone4    #a     in41         
per hundred1   #a 8 plain               
8            #c4jj            cut to    
measure1   #a 8       8              8  
#d4jj   #a 8       8              8     
#f4jj   #a 8       8              8     
#h4jj   #a 8       8              8     
#aj4jj   ,boston ,counters1 per set     
#d4jj   ,welling's ,patent ,compressed  
,,ivory ,,poker ,,chips4    ,poker      
,chips1 pr4 set of six hundred1   #ch4jj
         8           8     one    8     
#g4jj  ,parties sending for ,poker      
,chips will please specify the number   

wanted of each color4     ,faro ,boxes  
and ,tools4    ,square ,dealing ,faro   
,box1 fine make1     ,german ,silver1   
extra heavy                             
#be4jj    ,card ,punches1 steel         
#d4jj    ,card ,punches1 silver1 with   
hinge                            #aj4jj 
,trimming ,shears1 double edged ,cutter 
#ce4jj    ,trimming ,shears1 ,knife     
small                                   
#bj4jj    ,trimming ,shears1 ,knife     
large                                   
#ej4jj    ,stripper ,plates1 to use with
 ,knife1 per set                  #e4jj 
,card ,press1 without cover             
#f4jj    ,card ,press1 with slide cover1
 compartment     for dealing ,box1 lock 
and key                                 
#aj4jj    ,the same1 to hold a dozen    
packs1 ,double                          
#ad4jj    ,case ,keepers1 ,cards1       
,wooden markers                         
#ab4jj    ,case ,keepers1 ,cards1       
,composition markers                    
#ae4jj    ,square ,props1 per set1 #d in

 a set                            #c4jj 
,case ,keepers1 finest painted ,ivory   
markers                  #be4jj         
,transcriber's ,note3  ,obvious printer 
errors corrected silently4              
,inconsistent spelling and hyphenation  
are as in the original4