by ,cornell ,university ,digital ,collections7 ,vol4 ,,xxxv4 ,no4 #ab4 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 8,to the ,poor the ,gospel is ,preached40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,december1 #ahha4 ,,contents3 ,,editorial4 ,,paragraphs #cec ,,financial--,,appealing ,,facts #ced ,,abstract ,,of ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting #cee ,,general ,,survey #ceg ,,summary ,,of ,,treasurer',s ,,report #cfg ,,address ,,of ,,senator ,,geo4 ,f4 ,,hoar #cfi ,,extracts ,,of ,,addresses ,,relating ,,to ,,general ,,work #cgc ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work #chb ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,c4 ,t4 ,,collins #chc ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,thurston #chf ,,christian ,,education3 ,,prof4 ,,cyrus ,,northrop #chh ,,higher ,,education3 ,,pres4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,ware #cij ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work #cib ,,address ,,of ,,pres4 ,,cyrus ,,hamlin #cic ,,africa4 ,,report ,,on ,,foreign ,,work #cie ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,harding #cig ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,dickerman #cih ,,the ,,upper ,,nile ,,basin3 ,,col4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,prout #cih ,,the ,,indians4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #djc ,,address ,,of ,,gen4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,armstrong #djc ,,address ,,of ,,capt4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,pratt #dje ,,the ,,chinese4 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee #djf ,,the ,,chinese ,,to ,,evangelize ,,china3 ,,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,pope #djh ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,finance #djh ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,geo4 ,f4 ,,stanton #dji ,,vote ,,of ,,thanks ,,and ,,reply #daj ,,echoes ,,of ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting #daa ,,receipts #dab ,,constitution #daf 99 99 99 99 99 ,,new ,,york3 ,published by the ,american ,missionary ,association1 ,,rooms1 #ef ,,reade ,,street4 99 99 99 99 99 ,price1 #ej ,cents a ,year1 in advance4 ,entered at the ,post ,office at ,new ,york1 ,n4,y41 as second-class matter4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,missionary ,association1 #ef ,,reade ,,street1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,president4 ,,hon4 ,,wm4 ,b4 ,,washburn1 ,mass4 ,,vice-,,presidents4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,tobey1 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,f4 ,d4 ,,parish1 ,ohio4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,holton1 ,wis4 ,hon4 ,,william ,,claflin1 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,,stephen ,,thurston1 ,d4,d41 ,me4 ,rev4 ,,samuel ,,harris1 ,d4,d41 ,ct4 ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,chapin1 ,esq41 ,r4,i4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,eustis1 ,d4,d41 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,barstow1 ,r4,i4 ,rev4 ,,thatcher ,,thayer1 ,d4,d41 ,r4,i4 ,rev4 ,,ray ,,palmer1 ,d4,d41 ,n4,j4 ,rev4 ,,edward ,,beecher1 ,d4,d41 ,n4,y4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,sturtevant1 ,d4,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,patton1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4 ,hon4 ,,seymour ,,straight1 ,la4 ,rev4 ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,wallace1 ,d4,d41 ,n4,h4 ,rev4 ,,edward ,,hawes1 ,d4,d41 ,ct4 ,,douglas ,,putnam1 ,esq41 ,ohio4 ,hon4 ,,thaddeus ,,fairbanks1 ,vt4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,m4 ,g4 ,,dana1 ,d4,d41 ,minn4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,beecher1 ,n4,y4 ,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,,howard1 ,n4,y4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,magoun1 ,d4,d41 ,iowa4 ,col4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,hammond1 ,ill4 ,,edward ,,spalding1 ,m4,d41 ,n4,h4 ,rev4 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,barbour1 ,d4,d41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,gage1 ,d4,d41 ,ct4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,hatch1 ,esq41 ,n4,y4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,fairchild1 ,d4,d41 ,ohio4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,,stimson1 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,stone1 ,d4,d41 ,california4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,h4 ,,atkinson1 ,d4,d41 ,oregon4 ,rev4 ,l4 ,t4 ,,chamberlain1 ,d4,d41 ,conn4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,,rankin1 ,d4,d41 ,d4,c4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,,chapin1 ,d4,d41 ,wis4 ,s4 ,d4 ,,smith1 ,esq41 ,mass4 ,dea4 ,,john ,c4 ,,whitin1 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,grinnell1 ,iowa4 ,rev4 ,,horace ,,winslow1 ,ct4 ,sir ,,peter ,,coats1 ,scotland4 ,rev4 ,,henry ,,allon1 ,d4,d41 ,london1 ,eng4 ,,wm4 ,e4 ,,whiting1 ,esq41 ,n4,y4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,graves1 ,esq41 ,n4,j4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,a4 ,,noble1 ,d4,d41 ,ill4 ,,daniel ,,hand1 ,esq41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,f4 ,,beard1 ,d4,d41 ,n4,y4 ,,frederick ,,billings1 ,esq41 ,vt4 ,,joseph ,,carpenter1 ,esq41 ,r4,i4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,,goodwin1 ,d4,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,goodell1 ,d4,d41 ,mo4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,scoville1 ,esq41 ,ill4 ,e4 ,w4 ,,blatchford1 ,esq41 ,ill4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,talcott1 ,esq41 ,ct4 ,rev4 ,,john ,k4 ,,mclean1 ,d4,d41 ,cal4 ,rev4 ,,richard ,,cordley1 ,d4,d41 ,kansas4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,willcox1 ,d4,d41 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,b4 ,,willcox1 ,d4,d41 ,ill4 ,rev4 ,,wm4 ,m4 ,,taylor1 ,d4,d41 ,n4,y4 ,rev4 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,boynton1 ,mass4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,b4 ,,webb1 ,d4,d41 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,c4 ,i4 ,,walker1 ,mich4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,ross1 ,mich4 ,hon4 ,,joshua ,l4 ,,chamberlain1 ,me4 ,rev4 ,,alex4 ,,mckenzie1 ,d4,d41 ,mass4 ,hon4 ,,nelson ,,dingley1 ,jr41 ,me4 ,,corresponding ,,secretary4 ,,rev4 ,m4 ,e4 ,,strieby1 ,d4,d41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4,y4 ,,treasurer4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,,esq41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4,y4 ,,district ,,secretaries4 ,,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,,woodworth1 ,boston4 ,,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,pike1 ,d4,d41 ,new ,york4 ,,rev4 ,,jas4 ,,powell1 ,chicago4 ,,executive ,,committee4 ,,lyman ,,abbott1 ,,alonzo ,s4 ,,ball1 ,a4 ,s4 ,,barnes1 ,c4 ,t4 ,,christensen1 ,,franklin ,,fairbanks1 ,,clinton ,b4 ,,fisk1 ,,addison ,p4 ,,foster1 ,s4 ,b4 ,,halliday1 ,a4 ,j4 ,,hamilton1 ,,samuel ,,holmes1 ,,charles ,a4 ,,hull1 ,,chas4 ,l4 ,,mead1 ,,samuel ,s4 ,,marples1 ,,william ,h4 ,,ward1 ,,john ,h4 ,,washburn1 ,a4 ,l4 ,,williston4 ,,auditors4 ,m4 ,f4 ,,reading4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,nash4 ,,communications relating to the work of the ,association may be addressed to the ,corresponding ,secretary2 those relating to the collecting fields to the ,district ,secretaries2 letters for the ,editor of the 8,american ,missionary10 to ,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,,pike1 ,d4,d41 at the ,new ,york ,office4 ,,donations ,,and ,,subscriptions may be sent to ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,treasurer #ef ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york1 or when more convenient1 to either of the ,branch ,offices1 #ba ,congregational ,house1 ,boston1 ,mass41 or #aab ,west ,washington ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,a payment of thirty dollars at one time constitutes a ,life ,member4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,american ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vol4 ,,xxxv4 ,,december1 #ahha4 ,no4 #ab4 99 99 99 99 99 ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we present our readers in this issue of the ,,missionary1 which is a double number1 an account of the proceedings of the #ceth ,annual ,meeting of this ,association4 ,for want of space we have only given the important points of most of the papers and addresses1 endeavoring to preserve their spirit4 ,the paper of ,pres4 ,e4 ,h4 ,fairchild will appear in the 8,weekly ,witness0 of ,nov4 #ag1 of which copies will be supplied gratuitously to persons applying by postal card to the author at ,berea1 ,ky4 ,rev4 ,lysander ,dickerman's address may be looked for in the 8,congregationalist0 at an early date4 ,the papers read by ,miss ,sawyer and ,miss ,emery will be reserved for mention in the ,january ,,missionary4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we send this number of the ,,missionary to some persons whose names are not among our subscribers1 with the hope that they will read it1 and that their interest in the work which it represents will be deepened4 ,we believe that if any such will send us their subscription for the ,magazine1 they will find themselves amply rewarded for the outlay4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the inquiry is sometimes made as to the reasons for the steadily increasing support given to the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 ,in answer we suggest3--#a4 ,the increasing prosperity of the country4 ,people have more to give and they give more4 #b4 ,the careful management of the affairs of the ,association has probably given it a stronger hold upon the confidence of the public4 #c4 ,the great reason1 we believe1 is that the nation1 after many fluctuating opinions in regard to the ,freedmen1 has settled down to the conviction1 voiced repeatedly by ,pres4 ,hayes and reiterated so emphatically in ,pres4 ,garfield's inaugural1 that the only safety for the nation and the ,freedmen is in their thorough education4 ,the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 is now seen to have steadily pressed forward from the beginning in this only true method1 and hence its work has come to be more fully appreciated4 ,the rapid growth of the colored population gives emphasis to the demand for their ,christian education4 #d4 ,another reason is the awakened conviction in ,great ,britain and ,america that the freed people are destined by ,divine ,providence to take an important part in the redemption of ,africa4 ,our schools and churches1 so well fitted to prepare them for this work1 are felt to deserve not only support but enlargement4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,financial--,,appealing ,,facts4 ,one year ago we asked our constituents to enlarge our receipts twenty-five per cent2 the generous response was nearly thirty per cent4 ,we increased the appropriations of the year1 but kept safely within the income4 ,at our recent ,annual ,meeting the appeal was made for #cjj1jjj this year--an increase over last of #ef1jjj1 or #bc per cent4 ,this appeal is based on no random figures4 ,the appropriations for this fiscal year are carefully made on the basis of last year's income1 but in addition we most pressingly need the means3--#a4 ,to finish and furnish two buildings1 not provided for by the ,stone fund4 ,they are nearly ready1 but will be useless unless completed4 #b4 ,to provide additional teachers1 boarding and student aid for the increased number of students in the new buildings in ,atlanta1 ,talladega1 ,tougaloo1 ,new ,orleans1 ,austin1 ,athens4 #c4 ,to erect a boy's dormitory at ,new ,orleans1 and a new building at ,memphis4 ,as to the latter1 ,prof4 ,steele writes3 8,all the desks in the lower rooms were filled at the end of the first week1 and we have been refusing admission to pupils in these rooms every day since4 ,early last week the last seat in the ,normal room was taken4 ,we seat #ajb there4 ,since then ,i have placed small tables and chairs in every foot of available space in the ,normal room1 raising the number enrolled to #aah4 ,i am every day receiving letters from young men and women in the country who wish to enter the school1 but ,i can in no way take more than two students in addition to those now in the room4 ,of the #abj in the ,normal department1 #ej have taught school and all the rest expect to become teachers40 ,must we refuse education to more of such students and teachers8 ,the unexpended portion of the ,stone fund is already appropriated and is not available here4 #d4 ,to meet the urgent demands for enlargement in the church work4 #e4 ,to increase our expenditures for the ,indians4 ,the nation is aroused in their behalf and ,congress is ready to help4 ,now is the time for us to enlarge4 #f4 ,to double our appropriation for the ,chinese work4 ,no outlay yields better returns4 #g4 ,to build the ,john ,brown steamer for the ,mendi1 and to complete the #ej1jjj fund for the ,arthington ,mission4 ,these facts are our appeal4 ,we add no words4 ,the day has gone by when our friends will be content with good speeches and resolutions at the ,annual ,meeting4 ,the hour has come for steady and effective work4 ,we are ready for it1 and the tone of the meeting at ,worcester shows that our friends are also4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,abstract ,,of ,,proceedings ,,at ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,the ,thirty-fifth ,annual ,meeting of the ,american ,missionary ,association was held in ,plymouth ,church1 ,worcester1 ,mass41 on ,tuesday1 ,wednesday and ,thursday1 ,november #ast1 #b;d and #c;d1 #ahha4 ,as the bells in the church-tower finished chiming the 8,missionary ,hymn10 at three o'clock ,tuesday afternoon1 ,secretary ,strieby called the meeting to order1 and in the absence of the ,president and ,vice-,presidents1 ,rev4 ,s4 ,r4 ,dennen1 ,d4,d41 of ,new ,haven1 was chosen to preside4 ,after devotional services1 ,rev4 ,marshall ,m4 ,cutter1 of ,medford1 was chosen ,secretary1 and ,rev4 ,john ,l4 ,ewell and ,rev4 ,c4 ,p4 ,osborne ,assistant ,secretaries4 ,a ,nominating ,committee was appointed consisting of ,rev4 ,e4 ,h4 ,byington1 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,marvin and ,c4 ,l4 ,mead1 ,esq42 also a ,business ,committee consisting of ,rev4 ,geo4 ,m4 ,boynton1 ,rev4 ,g4 ,r4 ,m4 ,scott1 and ,geo4 ,p4 ,davis1 ,esq4 ,the ,treasurer1 ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 read his report1 which was referred to a ,committee on ,finance4 ,the ,annual ,report of the ,executive ,committee was made through ,rev4 ,g4 ,d4 ,pike1 ,d4,d41 ,district ,secretary1 and was referred seriatim to appropriate ,committees4 ,an hour was then spent in prayer and conference1 with special reference to the work in the ,south4 ,tuesday evening1 after devotional services1 led by ,rev4 ,e4 ,g4 ,porter1 of ,lexington1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,d4 ,hartranft1 ,d4,d41 of ,hartford1 ,conn41 preached for the ,annual ,sermon a discourse appropriate to the ,communion1 which followed it1 from ,matthew xxvi1 #bg1 l4c41 8,drink ye all of it40 ,the ,lord's ,supper was administered by ,rev4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,phillips1 pastor of ,plymouth ,church1 and ,rev4 ,geo4 ,h4 ,gould1 ,d4,d4 ,wednesday morning1 a prayer meeting1 conducted by ,rev4 ,a4 ,p4 ,foster1 of ,jersey ,city1 was held at eight o'clock4 ,at nine o'clock the regular session began1 the chair being occupied in turn by ,rev4 ,l4 ,t4 ,chamberlain1 ,d4,d41 of ,norwich1 ,conn41 and ,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,howard1 of ,west ,point1 ,vice-,presidents4 ,john ,h4 ,washburn1 ,esq41 in behalf of the ,executive ,committee1 to whom was referred the matter of amending the ,constitution of the ,association at the last ,annual ,meeting1 reported certain recommendations1 which were referred to a ,special ,committee1 to report ,thursday morning4 ,richard ,wright1 ,esq41 of ,augusta1 ,ga41 colored1 read a paper on 8,the ,colored ,man3 ,his ,strength1 ,weakness and ,needs40 ,president ,e4 ,h4 ,fairchild1 of ,berea ,college1 ,kentucky1 read a paper on 8,review of the ,anti-,slavery ,contest1 and estimate of its meaning and value with reference to the ,civilization of ,africa and the ,world40 ,secretary ,strieby made an address on 8,the duty of ,america in the ,conversion of the ,world1 and especially in the ,conversion of ,africa40 ,president ,e4 ,a4 ,wane1 of ,atlanta ,university1 ,ga41 read a paper on 8,higher ,education40 ,wednesday afternoon4 ,prayer was offered by ,rev4 ,h4 ,a4 ,stimson1 of ,worcester4 ,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,howard made an address on 8,our ,social ,needs and their ,remedy40 ,gen4 ,s4 ,c4 ,armstrong1 of ,hampton1 ,va41 reported for the ,committee on ,indian work1 and was followed by ,capt4 ,r4 ,h4 ,pratt1 of ,carlisle1 ,penn4 ,a report of the ,committee on ,church work was read by ,rev4 ,cyrus ,hamlin1 ,d4,d41 who also made an address upon the subject4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,roy1 ,d4,d41 ,field ,superintendent of the ,association1 supported the report by interesting statements illustrating the influence of the work among the colored people4 ,the report of the ,committee on ,educational work was read by ,rev4 ,charles ,t4 ,collins1 of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and supported by ,rev4 ,john ,r4 ,thurston1 of ,whitinsville4 ,wednesday evening4 ,hon4 ,e4 ,s4 ,tobey1 of ,boston1 ,president of the ,association1 in the chair4 ,rev4 ,william ,m4 ,gage1 ,d4,d41 of ,hartford1 offered prayer4 ,addresses on 8,christian ,education at the ,south0 were made by ,rev4 ,l4 ,o4 ,brastow1 ,d4,d41 of ,burlington1 ,vermont2 ,prof4 ,cyrus ,northrop1 of ,yale ,college1 and ,hon4 ,geo4 ,f4 ,hoar1 of the ,u4,s4 ,senate4 ,thursday morning4 ,the prayer meeting at eight o'clock was led by ,rev4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 ,d4,d4 ,the regular session at nine o'clock was opened with prayer by ,rev4 ,i4 ,p4 ,langworthy1 ,d4,d41 of ,boston4 ,col4 ,franklin ,fairbanks read the report of the ,special ,committee on the ,constitution4 ,the following amendments were adopted3 ,in ,art4 vi4 the words1 8,recording ,secretary10 and 8of which the ,corresponding ,secretaries shall be advisory1 and the ,treasurer ex-officio members10 are omitted2 and after 8,secretaries0 the words1 8who shall also keep the records of the ,association10 are inserted4 ,in ,art4 vii4 after 8dismissing10 the parenthesis is omitted4 ,article viii4 is omitted1 and ,arts4 ix4 and x4 are respectively numbered viii4 and ix4 ,the consideration of ,arts4 iii4 and v4 were referred to a special committee of thirteen1 ,col4 ,franklin ,fairbanks1 chairman1 to report at next ,annual ,meeting4 ,a letter from ,hon4 ,e4 ,s4 ,tobey1 ,president1 declining re-election on account of the pressure of other duties1 was read1 and resolutions of thanks for his faithful services were unanimously adopted by a rising vote4 ,the ,nominating ,committee recommended ,hon4 ,wm4 ,b4 ,washburn1 of ,greenfield1 ,mass41 for ,president1 and presented a list of other officers1 who were duly elected4 ,on motion of ,rev4 ,c4 ,t4 ,collins1 it was voted to memorialize ,congress for immediate and increased appropriations for education at the ,south4 ,the report of the ,committee on ,chinese ,missions was read by ,rev4 ,a4 ,e4 ,p4 ,perkins1 ,d4,d41 of ,ware4 ,a paper on the subject was read by ,miss ,harriette ,carter1 of ,mt4 ,vernon ,church1 ,boston1 where more than one hundred ,chinamen have had ,bible instruction1 and addresses were made by ,rev4 ,lysander ,dickerman1 of ,california1 and by ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,pope1 of ,machias1 ,me4 ,rev4 ,g4 ,w4 ,harding read the report of the ,committee on ,african work1 and addresses were made by himself1 by ,col4 ,h4 ,g4 ,prout1 late in the service of the ,khedive of ,egypt1 and by ,rev4 ,geo4 ,s4 ,dickerman1 of ,lewiston1 ,me4 ,thursday afternoon4 ,on 8,woman's ,work for ,woman10 papers were read by ,miss ,m4 ,l4 ,sawyer1 of ,boxford1 and ,miss ,e4 ,b4 ,emery1 of ,gorham1 ,me41 and addresses delivered by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,k4 ,spence1 of ,nashville1 ,tennessee2 by ,rev4 ,e4 ,n4 ,packard1 of ,dorchester2 ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,plumb1 of ,boston1 and ,rev4 ,e4 ,s4 ,atwood1 of ,salem4 ,the report of the ,finance ,committee1 in the absence of ,hon4 ,j4 ,j4 ,h4 ,gregory1 chairman1 was read by ,rev4 ,e4 ,s4 ,atwood1 and asked for #cjj1jjj for the ensuing year4 ,addresses were made by ,rev4 ,geo4 ,f4 ,stanton1 of ,weymouth1 and ,secretary ,strieby4 ,district ,secretary ,woodworth made a statement of ,mr4 ,gregory's recent gifts1 amounting to #ae1jjj4 ,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,plumb1 in a happy little speech1 announced #b1jjj from an unknown donor1 which he passed to the ,treasurer in a sealed envelope4 ,of the amount1 #ejj was for ,berea ,college and #ejj for ,hampton ,institute4 ,thursday evening1 after prayer by ,rev4 ,lewis ,grout1 ,rev4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 ,d4,d41 for six years ,secretary of the ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,society in ,london1 spoke of ,english co-operation and of the miseries of the slave trade in ,africa4 ,henry ,d4 ,hyde1 ,esq41 of ,boston1 pressed the claims of the ,association to more liberal support1 and ,john ,b4 ,gough1 ,esq41 in a series of incidents1 told in his inimitable style1 illustrated the capacity of the colored race to be educated and elevated4 ,after some parting words from ,president ,tobey1 resolutions of thanks to the churches1 committees1 pastors1 choir and railroads1 and to the hospitable people of ,worcester1 and addresses in response by pastors ,lamson and ,phillips1 the meeting closed with the benediction by ,dr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 to meet next year in ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,near the close of the session a beautiful white dove entered the church and suggestively perched in a high niche over the pulpit platform4 ,notwithstanding the prevailing dullness of the weather during our ,annual ,meeting at ,worcester1 there was nothing like dullness in the meetings4 ,daily the capacious church was thronged with deeply interested listeners4 ,the high character of the addresses1 the absorbing interest of subjects discussed1 the excellent music of the ample choir1 the completeness of arrangements by the local committee1 and their uniform courtesy and unremitting attentions1 and last1 but not least1 the generous hospitality of the ,christian people of the city1 all conspired to make the occasion one to be long and delightfully remembered4 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association turns with fresh hope and new inspiration to the work of the coming year4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,general ,,survey4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,freedmen4 ,the fortunes of the freed people during the current year indicate a marked degree of progress4 ,a healthy growth in all the branches of our ,southern work is quite discernible4 ,it is strikingly evident that the ,freedmen are discovering the extent of the horizon opening up before them through our educational institutions4 ,at one time1 many of their leaders were attracted by the allurements of political preferment1 and counted nothing so good as position in office1 and many such1 doubtless1 there will be to the end of time4 ,there is1 however1 an increasing number among them who are coming to realize that intelligence and character developed by ,christian education have a commanding worth and solid value that cannot be conveyed by an appointment or imbibed during the sessions of a legislature4 ,this good result has been hastened by ,teachers' ,institutes1 conducted by ,southern and ,northern educators1 among the black and also the white citizens1 sometimes large numbers of both classes mingling in the same convention4 ,possibly never have our missions been more richly blessed by the outpourings of the ,holy ,spirit than during the past year4 ,whole classes in a school have indulged the hopes of a new life1 and the rich experiences gathered during revivals have been borne forth into the villages and the country during the summer months by our students4 ,sabbath-schools have everywhere received due attention1 and temperance work has been well sustained and productive of much good4 ,missionary meetings and societies have been encouraged1 and the gifts from the hard earnings of the poor to the cause of missions abroad1 indicate what may be hoped for when the colored people become educated and prosperous4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,educational ,,work4 ,our eight ,chartered ,institutions1 including ,berea ,college and ,hampton ,institute1 which were founded by this ,association1 have experienced a year of unusual prosperity4 ,the number pursuing a higher grade of study has been continually on the increase1 and the quality of the work done1 as testified to by many who have witnessed it1 indicates that the grade of teachers has been improved1 not only by self-culture on the part of those who have been long in service1 but also by accessions from among the best educators in the country4 ,three of our teachers have received honorary degrees from important colleges at the ,north1 and others have been encouraged by many tokens of appreciation and esteem4 ,during the year1 the ,tillotson ,institute at ,austin1 ,tex41 took possession of its new building1 a brick structure one hundred and four feet long1 forty-two feet wide and five stories high4 ,from the first this school has met with the hearty approval and sympathy of a large number of the best citizens of ,austin4 ,the new building was opened in ,january1 and before the close of the spring term #ajg students had availed themselves of its advantages4 ,the college at ,berea has added #ej1jjj to its permanent endowment fund2 the ,fisk ,university has received #d1jjj endowment for student aid4 ,at ,hampton1 two new buildings1 one for ,indian and one for ,negro girls1 have been provided by the friends of the ,institution1 and a new ,academic ,hall1 in place of one that was burned1 has been dedicated4 ,at ,tougaloo1 ,miss41 a boy's dormitory of brick1 with accommodations for about #ge students1 has been completed4 ,this building was made especially necessary by the ravages of fire1 which destroyed the wooden structure that had served in a very inadequate way both for school rooms and boarding purposes4 ,other buildings at ,straight ,university1 ,new ,orleans2 ,fisk ,university1 ,nashville1 ,tenn42 ,talladega ,college1 and ,atlanta ,university1 provided by the gift of #aej1jjj by ,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 ,stone1 have either been completed1 or are in a good state of progress4 ,at ,new ,orleans1 there was added to the half square of land on ,canal street1 before owned by the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 the remaining half4 ,upon this site has been erected a neat three-story building1 ninety-two feet on ,canal street and ninety-one feet on ,roche ,blave street1 containing dining-room1 kitchen and laundry for the whole school1 parlor1 bath-room1 apartments for teachers and dormitories for about #fj girls4 ,at ,talladega1 ,stone ,hall1 for boys1 has been completed4 ,it is three stories high1 with a basement1 and contains printing office1 reading-room1 bath-room and dormitories for #gf students4 ,with a portion of ,mrs4 ,stone's gift1 supplemented by #a1jjj from ,mr4 ,gregory1 of ,marblehead1 #ajj from ,gen4 ,swayne and a few smaller sums from others1 ,swayne ,hall has been remodeled and thoroughly repaired from pavement to bell-tower1 including roofing1 flooring1 blackboarding1 etc4 ,a house for the accommodation of the ,president will soon be completed4 ,with these improvements the college will be ready for a great work4 ,at ,fisk ,university1 ,nashville1 ,tenn41 ,livingstone ,missionary ,hall is nearly inclosed4 ,it is two hundred and four feet long1 sixty-two feet wide in the centre1 and has four stories and a basement4 ,the foundation is of stone and the walls are of pressed brick4 ,a mansard roof with brick gables and ornamented chimneys crowns the edifice4 ,it will contain chapel1 lecture-rooms1 recitation-rooms1 teachers' apartments and dormitories for #abj boys4 ,although planned with a strict regard for economy1 it will be a grand and stately companion for ,jubilee ,hall4 ,several months will be required for its completion4 ,at ,atlanta1 a new wing has been added to the girl's dormitory1 and plans for a school building between the two dormitories have been completed and some materials purchased4 ,it is expected that the building will be finished and ready for occupancy in a year from this time4 ,in planning these various buildings1 it has been the aim to provide the best facilities possible1 but the claims of architecture have not been wholly ignored4 ,some of the best architects in the country have been consulted1 and all the plans have been examined carefully by your ,executive ,committee4 ,it will be seen by this review that each of our eight chartered institutions has received permanent and substantial aid either in funds or in buildings1 and that never before were they so fully equipped for the great work thrown upon them4 ,the prayer of the last half score of years for room has been wonderfully answered1 and the blessing of ,heaven is crowning the labors of workers with rich rewards4 ,our other schools1 #df in all1 normal and common1 have met with favor on every hand1 and have experienced uninterrupted progress throughout the year4 ,at some of them the industrial work has been pushed forward with gratifying success4 ,attention has been given to household industries in two or three places4 ,a class of girls at ,memphis1 ,tenn41 has been carefully instructed with actual practice in an experimental kitchen1 on the nature1 relative values1 and healthful methods1 of cooking food4 ,classes in needle work1 knitting1 and in the use of sewing machines1 have had daily lessons and practice4 ,we have had in all #bcj teachers in the field1 a gain of #cj over last year4 ,of these1 #ad have performed the duties of matrons and #ae have been engaged in the business departments4 ,the total number of students has been #i1ajh1 a gain of #a1jef over the previous year4 ,they were classed as follows3 theological1 #ajd2 law1 #bj2 collegiate1 #ia2 collegiate preparatory1 #aca2 normal1 #b1cdb2 grammar1 #dgc2 intermediate1 #b1gbb2 primary1 #c1cfa2 studying in two grades1 #acf4 ,our normal and common schools1 like our chartered institutions1 are constantly sending up the call for more room4 ,permanent accommodations have been provided at some points and temporary ones at others4 ,at ,wilmington1 ,n4,c41 by the gift of ,hon4 ,j4 ,j4 ,h4 ,gregory1 the school building has been remodeled for the accommodation of a large number of students4 ,a new mission home has also been built by the munificence of the same gentleman4 ,at ,athens1 ,ala41 the colored people have done nobly toward furnishing material for the school-house now under process of construction4 ,they have already made two hundred thousand bricks with their own hands1 and are placing them in the walls to represent their interest in the property4 ,it is hoped that the work will be completed by ,january #ast1 and that ,miss ,wells1 who has been ,principal of the school for fifteen years1 will be rewarded for her labor and patient waiting by ample accommodation for all the students who may seek the advantages of her excellent normal school4 ,during the year we have inaugurated work at ,topeka1 ,kan41 the chief rendezvous of the refugees1 where a lot has been purchased and a building suitable for both church and school purposes erected4 ,divine services are held on the ,sabbath4 ,a ,sabbath-school with an average attendance of #agj has been gathered1 and a prosperous night-school sustained4 ,much good has been done by our missionary and others at this point in the distribution of supplies to the destitute1 and by speeding them on their way to homes among the farmers and mechanics of the ,state4 ,we have also resumed our church work at ,lawrence1 ,kan41 with good results4 ,commencement days1 or the closing exercises at our different institutions1 are becoming more and more eventful as the years go on4 ,one feature of especial interest at ,hampton was the delivery of orations and the reading of papers by the alumni of the school4 ,these displayed an amount of character and culture on the part of those who had been several years in the field since their graduation which was very gratifying4 ,commencement day at ,berea ,college is unlike any other in the ,south or elsewhere in the country4 ,hours before the exercises begin1 the streets are thronged with hundreds of people1 black and white1 old and young1 properly dressed or dressed in rags1 some riding on the finest steeds produced in ,kentucky1 some on plough horses1 mules and ponies1 riding single1 riding double1 with a child or two between4 ,the exercises are held in a large open tabernacle seating about three thousand persons4 ,the building is usually decorated with mottoes and banners1 with plants and flowers and miniature fountains4 ,the college band furnishes the music4 ,not the least interesting is the basket dinner on the college campus4 ,the fame of these days spreads far and wide for hundreds of miles1 awakening an enthusiasm on the part of the young for an education1 and winning words of praise and tokens of cheer from the very best people throughout the ,state4 ,at the ,emerson ,institute1 ,mobile1 ,ala41 eight hundred people crowded into the ,third ,baptist ,church to see and to hear of the work for themselves2 while1 at ,montgomery1 on the theory that what is good for a part is good for all1 every scholar1 from the least to the greatest1 was given a speech4 ,as there were more than three hundred to take part1 the authorities decided that all the exercises should not be crowded into a single day4 ,consequently1 in order that a good thing might last a good while1 it was arranged to devote three evenings to the speaking4 ,the growing interest in these anniversary occasions all along the line of our work1 the attendance of leading white citizens1 and their readiness to occupy seats on the platform with our teachers and workers1 the enthusiasm of the colored folks to throng in and catch every word that is uttered1 all combine to lift up the work from the low place it has occupied among those at the ,south who have looked unfavorably upon it1 and to magnify in the minds of the colored people1 who have struggled so hard to send their children to school1 the dignity and importance of ,christian education4 ,with a few more years of progress like the past1 our educational work will outrun and leave behind the obstacles and the enemies which have stood in its way during the past years1 and ,god is speeding the day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,church ,,work4 ,our ,church ,work is attaining a steady and healthful growth4 ,we do not seek to force the founding of churches where there is no urgent demand for them2 while this might swell our rolls1 it would only serve to weaken and discourage ultimately4 ,our purpose is to establish churches where there is sufficient intelligence and outlook to give reasonable hope that a ,congregational church may do good service for the ,master1 not only by the benefit accruing to its own members1 but also by its influence upon other and older churches that have not had the advantages of an educated ministry4 ,our whole number of churches is #gh1 being an addition of five over last year4 ,these have been organized at ,washington1 ,d4,c41 ,louisville1 ,ky41 ,little ,rock1 ,ark41 ,thibadeaux1 ,la41 and ,houma1 ,la4 ,the total number of church members is #e1dgb1 a gain of #eaa on last year4 ,the number in ,sabbath-school1 #h1acj1 a gain of #a1hjf4 ,new meeting houses have been constructed at ,peteance1 ,la41 ,little ,rock1 ,ark41 ,lassiter's ,mills1 ,n4,c41 and ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 ,at the latter place a tasteful structure1 with accommodations for #djj1 was provided by the gift of ,hon4 ,mr4 ,gregory1 at a cost to him of #c1fjj1 and dedicated with fitting ceremonies1 which were heartily participated in by the leading white clergymen of the city4 ,church buildings are under process of erection at ,caledonia1 ,miss41 ,luling1 ,tex41 ,frausse ,point1 ,la4 ,parsonages have also been built at ,florence1 ,ala41 ,flatonia1 ,tex41 and houses for the ,presidents at ,tougaloo1 ,miss41 and ,talladega1 ,ala4 ,the material prosperity of our churches indicated by these statements is very encouraging1 but the spiritual activity and growth is far more so4 ,more than one-third of our churches have reported revivals1 with conversions numbering from seven to forty-four1 resulting in a large number of accessions to the churches4 ,our church work is gradually creating a demand for the services of the students graduating at theological departments under our supervision at ,howard ,university1 ,talladega ,college1 ,fisk and ,straight ,universities1 and these are taking the places of white clergymen from the ,north in many localities4 ,the growing interest in theological seminaries for ,freedmen is happily illustrated by the gift of #be1jjj to us1 for endowment of the theological department at ,howard ,university4 ,we have seven ,state ,conferences1 embracing the most of the territory occupied by our schools and churches4 ,these hold annual conventions1 at which large numbers assemble4 ,the ,alabama ,conference has associated with it a woman's missionary society1 which reports the operation of its auxiliaries in different parts of the ,state4 ,it is an active1 hard-working and successful society1 that does great credit to the missionary workers connected with it4 ,this ,conference also has a ,sabbath-school convention representing many county organizations1 and the ,sabbath-school interests of the ,state4 ,the meetings of this ,conference1 as well as those of the others1 exert a beneficent and wide-spread influence1 which serves not only to cement1 but to make active and strong1 the ,congregational church work at the ,south4 ,the movement made a few years since on the part of a few leading ladies at the ,north to send forth female missionaries to labor in the homes of the poor and destitute colored people1 and to assist otherwise for their temporal and spiritual improvement1 has met with marked approval and encouraging success4 ,we have commissioned eleven in all during the past year1 and their reports have been full of interest4 ,we believe the work they have been doing is a vital necessity1 and that it should be extended as rapidly as may be consistent with the other interests we have in charge4 ,it is fitting before bringing to a conclusion the report of our operations among the ,freedmen1 that proper recognition be made of the improved sentiment among the whites at the ,south relative to our work4 ,we entered the ,south with right principles4 ,we did not inquire especially what was good policy1 but what was required by justice1 and what was consistent with righteousness4 ,to promote these ends our missionaries were ready to sacrifice1 if need be1 their lives4 ,they never advanced to retreat1 but to conquer4 ,amidst hardship1 ostracism and poverty1 they toiled on2 the ,southern people watched them2 little by little they came to recognize their worth2 they saw massive structures rear themselves in choice locations in the great capital cities of the ,south4 ,they were led to recognize the ability and integrity of the self-denying workers1 who pursued their toilsome way in leading young ,freedmen up to ,christian manhood and womanhood2 they saw church after church founded with a pure and educated ministry2 some of the best of them ventured to visit the teachers and their schools4 ,the work grew on4 ,the children who had been under the care of leading white citizens in service or in household1 exhibited the value of the work done so strikingly as to remove all doubt of the purpose and success of the teachers from the ,north4 ,united ,states ,senators1 the ,governors of ,states1 ,legislative bodies and companies of good men1 out of interest1 out of patriotism1 out of curiosity sometimes1 attended anniversary occasions1 and lent their interest and gave their influence to promote the welfare of the institutions under our care4 ,the result of it all has been to emphasize and establish the principles with which we started out1 and to revolutionize the sentiment of many leading minds throughout the ,southern country2 and now halls of legislation and portions of the press of the ,south sparkle with sentiments that would do honor to ,northern patriots1 who battled early for the existence and success of this ,association4 ,governor ,brown of ,georgia wins his election to the ,united ,states ,senate after affirming before the ,legislature1 8,we must educate the colored race4 ,they are citizens1 and we must do them justice40 ,governor ,holliday1 of ,virginia1 who lost an arm in the ,confederate service1 comes forward and makes good use of the other in expressive gestures while urging the claims of the colored people for education at the anniversary at ,hampton4 ,general ,humes1 a ,major-,general in the ,southern army1 consents to give the oration at the anniversary of the ,le ,moyne ,institute1 and conveys assurances of the active sympathy of the best citizens of ,memphis for the work carried on2 while ,dr4 ,atticus ,g4 ,haygood1 the ,president of ,emory ,college1 bursts forth with the exclamation1 8,suppose these ,northern teachers had not come1 that nobody had taught the negroes1 set free and citizens1 the ,south would have been uninhabitable by this time4 ,some may resent this2 be it so1 they resent the truth40 ,the utterances of the press are not less significant4 ,an editorial in the ,memphis ,appeal affirms3 8,the ,southern ,states have too long stood aloof and allowed the stranger to do for the negro what they should have done themselves40 8,there is but one thing for the people of the ,south to do1 and this is1 to throw themselves into the work of educating the negro4 ,we must go forward1 and must take the negro by the hand and make him feel that he is a part of the great column of the people40 ,the ,nashville ,american1 the most influential paper in the ,state1 through its leading editor1 in giving a report of the anniversary of ,fisk ,university1 goes on to say3 8,in the labor of regeneration of a race1 no agency will have so high a place as this conservative school40 ,the ,vicksburg ,herald strikes another note on the gamut and illustrates a change of sentiment on this wise1 in response to a narrow-minded1 complaining correspondent3 8,we are heartily in favor of the ,south from the ,potomac to the ,rio ,grande being thoroughly and permanently ,yankeeized4 ,yankee energy1 ,yankee schools1 ,yankee cultivation1 ,yankee railroads and ,yankee capital are badly needed in the ,south1 and will be welcomed by every ,southern progressive patriot40 ,we believe there is nothing to hinder this tidal wave of better feeling from sweeping the entire ,south4 ,for our part1 we have only to hold on and press on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,africa4 ,the development of the work among the ,freedmen1 the interest taken in ,african civilization by the most thoughtful people in the country at large1 and the enthusiasm awakened among the blacks for the land of their ancestors1 constantly remind us of the call we have for mission work in ,africa4 ,we have paid much attention to the consideration of this call4 ,in accordance with the suggestion of the last ,annual ,meeting1 we have appointed a ,superintendent of ,african ,missions1 not only to supervise the work we have carried on so long on the ,west ,coast1 but to lay the foundations of the ,arthington ,mission on the ,upper ,nile4 ,great care was taken in selecting a ,superintendent1 resulting in the choice of ,rev4 ,henry ,m4 ,ladd1 the son of a missionary1 who spent the first sixteen years of his life in the ,east1 after which he came to this country1 pursued a course of study and entered the ministry at ,walton1 ,n4,y4 ,mr4 ,ladd left ,america for the ,mendi ,mission in ,february1 reaching the ,west ,coast the last of ,march4 ,he made a careful examination of the methods of missionary work at ,freetown1 ,sierra ,leone1 under the care of our ,british brethren1 and afterward proceeded to ,good ,hope ,station1 where we have a church and school4 ,mr4 ,ladd was accompanied to ,africa by ,mr4 ,kelly ,m4 ,kemp and his wife1 from ,lincoln ,university4 ,a council was called at ,good ,hope ,station for the ordination of ,mr4 ,kemp1 and representatives of the ,shengay and other missions were present4 ,it was thought advisable that ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,white1 who had acted as teacher at this point1 should return to ,america4 ,he has since done so1 and at present is pursuing his studies at ,oberlin ,college1 with a view of preparing himself for better service on the mission field4 ,mr4 ,nurse also retired from the mission1 giving place to ,bro4 ,kemp1 whose experiences and education rendered himself a desirable person as pastor over the church at this point4 ,after arranging details of affairs at ,good ,hope1 ,mr4 ,ladd visited the ,avery ,station1 and was encouraged by the good work under the supervision of ,mr4 ,jackson at this inland station4 ,our saw-mill1 being the only one on the coast1 can be brought into service constantly4 ,logs are plentiful in the neighborhood1 and the people are willing to work4 ,the coffee farm at ,avery shows signs of progress1 and very soon we may hope for a yield that will test the value of the experiment4 ,the church and school have been kept up1 much attention being given in the church to rigorous discipline1 where the members had inclined too strongly toward the barbarous customs of the heathen about them4 ,we have long felt the need of a business superintendent to manage the affairs of the mill and farm at ,avery1 to take care of the property at ,good ,hope and ,debia1 and to keep the temporary home at ,freetown in readiness for the missionaries on their way to and fro4 ,mr4 ,i4 ,j4 ,st4 ,john1 a man of considerable experience in business affairs1 has been appointed to fill this position4 ,in common with other missionary societies1 laboring for the redemption of ,africa1 we find that where there are no roads or domestic animals1 but many rivers1 a suitable steamer would be quite serviceable in promoting the interests of our civilizing operations1 and in adding to the comfort of our missionaries4 ,we believe we ought to provide such a steamer for the ,mendi ,mission as early as possible1 and our appeals are already out for #aj1jjj as a special fund for this purpose4 ,we were saddened early in the summer by the unexpected death of ,rev4 ,mr4 ,kemp1 which was followed soon after by the death of his wife1 just as they were settling down to the life work they had chosen4 ,both of these dear missionaries were unavoidably exposed in open boats to the bad influences of the climate4 ,by their death they illustrate our need of more speed and better shelter in transporting missionaries from station to station4 ,we have appointed ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,williams1 a native of ,south ,america and an experienced worker in ,africa1 to carry on the work at ,kaw ,mendi1 the first station occupied on the return of the ,amistad captives4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,hall1 a graduate of ,maryville ,college and of the ,theological ,department of ,howard ,university1 has consented to fill the place vacated by the death of ,mr4 ,kemp1 and he1 with ,mr4 ,st4 ,john1 left ,america in ,october for the mission4 ,three lads from the ,mendi country are at school in ,america1 one at ,fisk ,university1 and the others at ,hampton ,institute4 ,early in ,december1 ,mr4 ,robt4 ,arthington1 of ,leeds1 ,eng41 signified his readiness to pay over the #c1jjj he had pledged as a nucleus1 provided we would plant a mission on the ,upper ,nile4 ,already ,dr4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 ,secretary of the ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,society of ,london1 had made good progress in securing #c1jjj additional to ,mr4 ,arthington's pledge for the same purpose4 ,it was evident to us that the #cj1jjj asked for from ,great ,britain toward the #ej1jjj fund for this mission would be speedily made up4 ,as we had pledged ourselves to furnish #bj1jjj on condition that we received in all from ,great ,britain #cj1jjj1 the question of the establishment of the mission directly was thrown upon us4 ,we felt that the call to us was to go forward1 and ,mr4 ,ladd's services were secured at the earliest day possible with a view to this necessity4 ,as the plan of sending forward two men to look over the mission field1 select a site for the station1 and to determine what supplies and facilities would be needful for the mission1 fully met ,mr4 ,arthington's view1 we determined to send forward ,mr4 ,ladd early in the autumn for the purpose mentioned4 ,we were happy1 also1 in securing the services of a former parishioner of ,mr4 ,ladd1 ,dr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,snow1 a physician of much experience1 to accompany him on his journey4 ,these two brethren left ,new ,york in ,september4 ,they had provided themselves with a valuable letter from ,secretary ,blaine1 instructing the ,consul ,general of the ,united ,states at ,cairo to further their object as much as he might be able4 ,on their way they purposed to procure letters of introduction from the ,english ,government1 hoping thereby to be assisted in making favorable arrangements with the ,khedive of ,egypt for transportation to the field of their destination1 and also for the privilege of using a steamboat on the waters of the ,upper ,nile4 ,their plan of route will be to visit ,cairo1 and proceed from thence to ,souakim1 on the ,red ,sea2 from this point they will pursue a camel route a distance of #bdj miles to ,berber1 where they hope to find steamboat facilities for the remainder of their journey4 ,the point which they seek to reach is about #a1ejj miles in a direct line south of the ,mediterranean and near the mouth of the ,sobat1 where the people are in the depth of barbarism4 ,it is the hope of your ,committee that ,brothers ,ladd and ,snow will be able to return in early summer1 at which time ,dr4 ,snow will devote himself to procuring a suitable steamer for mission purposes on the ,nile1 and other supplies and facilities needful for the comfort and success of the enterprise4 ,supt4 ,ladd will devote himself to organizing a suitable corps of missionaries for the ,arthington mission1 two of whom are already under appointment1 with a view of proceeding up the ,nile next autumn to their field of labor4 ,our ,african work is not without its hazards1 its embarrassments and inevitable discouragements4 ,we believe1 however1 that the good tidings of great joy must be preached to the millions of newly-discovered peoples in ,central ,africa1 and that the negro race with which we have so much to do has an urgent and imperative call in this direction4 ,we accept1 therefore1 cheerfully and prayerfully1 our part of the burden1 trusting that the many friends of the long despised and forgotten ,africans will sustain us by their prayers and by their contributions1 while we go forward as the ,lord opens the way1 performing our tasks as best we are able until the day shall dawn4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,indians4 ,we believe that the ,peace ,policy of ,general ,grant1 which was continued by ,president ,hayes1 has been productive of great and lasting good to the ,indians4 ,some infelicities have occurred between the ,government representatives and those of the religious bodies having nominations intrusted to them1 and these1 together with other reasons1 have served to diminish the interest once taken by the officials at ,washington in the co-operation of the religious bodies4 ,we have no wish to discuss the subject1 nor to press upon the ,administration the question of the continuance of the ,peace ,policy4 ,we content ourselves1 therefore1 with giving a few statements relative to the ,indian work under our care4 ,the general improvement of the ,indians at the ,s',kokomish ,agency is indicated from the fact that the white employs1 with the exception of the clerks1 physicians1 and those connected with the schools1 have been discharged and their places filled by ,indians4 ,at this ,agency1 the long desired titles to their land have at last been granted to the ,indians by the ,government1 and they have1 therefore1 additional inducements to become thrifty and make themselves homes4 ,at ,dunginess ,station1 where a few members of the ,s',kokomish church reside1 there is a church building1 the only one in the county4 ,this has been furnished recently with a bell and melodeon4 ,an average attendance of forty on divine services at this point and of eighty at ,s',kokomish is of much encouragement4 ,their gifts1 also1 to benevolent objects for the year1 amounting to #fad4fg1 indicate that the ,indian may be counted upon to help on the world's conversion4 ,good work has been done for ,indians at ,hampton and ,carlisle1 and we have the question under serious consideration of providing suitable accommodations for ,indian youth in connection with other institutions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chinese4 ,the work among the ,chinese on the ,pacific ,coast has been carried on under the able and energetic superintendence of ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,pond with unabated interest and success4 ,here there has been enlargement4 ,the excess of teachers for the past year over the previous year has been six1 that of pupils #gf1 and of hopeful conversions #ac4 ,a comparison of the statistics and work shows an improvement at all points4 ,the total enrollment last year was #a1eef2 this year1 #a1fcb4 ,the number last year who gave evidence of conversion was #abg2 this year1 #adj4 ,all reports that have come to us are exceedingly encouraging1 and not the least among them is the repeated expression of the need there is of some well chosen point in ,southern ,china for a mission station from which converted ,chinamen returning to their fatherland may go forth to preach to their countrymen4 ,we do not purpose to act hastily upon suggestions of this kind4 ,we seek1 however1 to learn clearly the will of the ,master1 and to expand ,his work whenever and wherever it is evident ,he is leading the way4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,finances4 ,the financial success reported at our last ,annual ,meeting1 while full of encouragement1 cast upon us a shade of anxiety4 ,it was not certain that the additional funds made necessary by the large gifts we had received for new buildings1 and the plans we had adopted for enlargement at different points1 would be forthcoming4 ,efforts were made throughout that meeting to impress upon all those present the urgent necessity we were under for at least #be per cent4 of increase in receipts over the previous year for current expenses4 ,the same necessity was also set forth at the ,national ,council at ,st4 ,louis1 in our publications and in the pulpits1 and at conferences and conventions wherever opportunity was afforded4 ,we felt that ,god had called us to do an enlarged work1 and that if we could convey the information to ,his people1 and share with them the burden we felt ourselves1 the responses would be sufficiently liberal to meet all demands4 ,in this we were not disappointed4 ,the receipts reported for the fiscal year closing ,sept4 #cj1 #ahhj1 were1 for current work1 #ahg1dhj4jb2 this year1 #bdc1gie4bc1 a gain of #ef1cae4ba4 ,this shows an advance of #cj per cent4 mainly in the ordinary subscriptions over last year1 and indicates the people's hearty appreciation and indorsement of our work4 ,for this we return profound gratitude to ,almighty ,god4 ,the fiscal year was closed free from debt1 and with a balance in our treasury of #eah4hj4 ,we are sure that the liberality displayed augurs well for the future4 ,we believe the money received was expended wisely4 ,we do not see how we could have done justice to our work without it4 ,but additional outlay for current expenses is sure to be needful4 ,the ,stone ,hall just finished at ,straight ,university will afford accommodations for the teachers and sixty girls4 ,the cost1 however1 for student aid1 for insurance and the care of the building1 will require additional receipts4 ,what is true at ,new ,orleans is equally true at ,talladega ,college1 with its new dormitory for a hundred boarders1 and at ,tougaloo1 ,miss41 with the facilities of its new ,hall4 ,when ,livingstone ,missionary ,hall1 at ,nashville1 is done1 and ,stone ,hall1 at ,atlanta ,university1 completed1 two hundred additional boarding students will make new demands which must be met4 ,to all we have mentioned must be added the consideration that we are laying foundations for a mission in ,africa on the ,upper ,nile1 at a point further remote from the coast than any occupied by other societies1 either home or foreign1 and that the outlay for this1 if carried forward1 will be considerable in the near future4 ,we believe1 therefore1 that it is our duty to ask the friends of this ,association to give us during the coming year not less than #cjj1jjj for the support and enlargement of the varied work we have in charge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,demands ,,of ,,the ,,future4 ,some of the demands indicated above may be summarized as follows3 #a4 ,the increase of students this year over last year is #a1jef4 ,a considerable number of these were boarding students1 but with our additional accommodations we shall require the coming year from five to ten thousand dollars more than usual for student aid4 #b4 ,we have no boys' dormitory at ,straight ,university1 the new ,stone ,hall being exclusively for the teachers and girls4 ,we need immediately fifteen thousand dollars to supply this want4 #c4 ,funds also are necessary for libraries in at least ten of our different institutions4 ,an advanced school without a sufficient library labors under great disadvantages1 and especially so when located amid a people who have but very few books of their own4 ,from ten to twenty thousand dollars for libraries could be used very profitably at once4 #d4 ,our theological departments need better facilities and an increased corps of instructors4 ,the number of students graduating from the different schools at the ,south is rapidly increasing4 ,many of these would enter the ,christian ministry if sufficiently encouraged to do so4 ,we need funds for the endowment of professors' chairs at least at three different points south of the ,ohio4 #e4 ,we need also endowment funds for all our chartered institutions4 ,no colleges thrive for a great length of time without endowments4 ,the work of a missionary society primarily is to plant churches and religious institutions1 and to sustain them until they can care for themselves4 ,its business is1 and must be1 aggressive4 ,as soon as may be1 its churches and its educational institutions must become self-sustaining by their own endeavors1 while the society goes forward to new fields4 ,we need now1 we surely ought to have in the near future1 not less than five hundred thousand dollars for the endowment of our different institutions4 #f4 ,we need also ten thousand dollars at once for a suitable steamer for our ,mendi ,mission4 ,the negroes in the ,west ,indies1 the millions in ,south ,america1 the two hundred millions in ,africa1 have their claims upon us4 ,we are of them as a missionary society1 and they are of us as our brethren in distress1 awaiting such benefits as we have been blessed in bestowing on the few representatives in our own country4 ,finally1 this ,association needs1 most of all1 the prayers of ,god's people everywhere for the guidance of ,his ,holy ,spirit1 and the sufficiency of ,his grace to direct its affairs in days to come1 and for this your ,committee puts forth its most urgent appeal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,summary ,,of ,,the ,,treasurer',s ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association1 ,,for ,,the ,,year ,,ending ,,sept4 #cj1 #ahha4 ,,receipts4 ,from ,churches1 ,sabbath ,schools1 ,missionary ,societies and ,individuals #aei1jce4ba ,from ,estates and ,legacies #df1gaj4cd ,from ,income1 ,sundry ,funds #g1die4fe ,from ,tuition and ,public ,fund #ba1ddi4ib ,from ,sale of ,property #b1bej4jj ,from ,rents #a1bjh4dj --------------------#bch1adi4eb ,from ,donations for ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,institute ,building #e1fde4ga -------------------- #bdc1gie4bc ,balance on hand1 ,sept4 #cj1 #ahhj #ghc4gc --------------------#bdd1egh4if ,,expenditures4 ,,the ,,south4--,for ,church and ,educational ,work #ahj1gec4bf ,for ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,institute ,building #e1fde4ga ----------------------#ahf1cih4ig ,,the ,,chinese4--,for ,supt41 ,teachers and ,school ,expenses #h1heh4ej ,,the ,,indians4--,for ,missionaries and ,teachers and ,student ,aid #a1gjc4bd ,,foreign ,,missions4--,for ,mendi ,mission1 ,missionaries and ,teachers #ab1ahg4hf ,for ,jamaica ,mission #bej4jj ------------------ #ab1dcg4hf ,,publications4--,for ,american ,missionary1 ,annual ,report1 ,pamphlets1 ,postage1 c4 #h1gie4jd ,,collecting ,,funds4--,boston ,office4 ,dist4 ,sec41 ,agent1 ,traveling ,expenses1 ,rent1 ,clerk-hire1 ,printing1 ,postage1 c4 #e1gae4ia ,middle ,district4 ,dist4 ,sec41 ,traveling ,expenses1 ,clerk-hire4 ,printing1 ,postage1 c4 #b1iec4ej ,chicago ,office4 ,dist4 ,sec41 ,traveling ,expenses1 ,clerk-hire1 ,printing1 ,postage1 c4 #c1eac4ji ---------------- #ab1ahb4ej ,,administration4--,new ,york ,office4 ,cor4 ,sec41 ,treasurer1 ,traveling ,expenses1 ,clerk-hire1 ,rent1 ,printing1 ,stationery1 ,postage1 c4 #aa1idc4hi ,,miscellaneous ,,items4--,annual ,meeting #cce4ea ,wills and ,estates #bea4cb ,annuitants bal4 #fgi4ij ,traveling ,expenses of ,cor4 ,sec4 as ,delegate to ,england1 and in other services abroad #dgc4dc ---------------- #a1gdj4af -------------------- #bdd1jfj4af ,balance on hand1 ,sept4 #cj1 #ahha #eah4hj --------------------#bdd1egh4if ,,endowment ,,funds4 ,,general ,,endowment ,,fund4--,belinda ,sanford1 ,lebanon ,springs1 ,n4,y4 #a1jjj4jj ,,scholarship ,,endowment ,,fund ,,for ,,fisk ,,university4--,by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,m4 ,haley1 ,buda1 ,ill41 in memory of ,samuel ,gordon ,haley1 deceased1 ,two ,scholarships #b1jjj4jj ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,ralph ,plumb1 ,streator1 ,ill41 ,two ,bonds1 #a1jjj each1 of ,wabash1 ,st4 ,louis and ,pacific ,r4 ,r4 #b1jjj4jj ---------------- #d1jjj4jj ,,theological ,,endowment ,,fund ,,for ,,howard ,,university4--,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 ,stone1 ,malden1 ,mass4 #be1jjj4jj ------------------ #cj1jjj4jj ,,statement ,,of ,,arthington ,,mission ,,fund ,,for ,,africa4 ,collections to ,sept4 #cj1 #ahgi #de4jj ,collections ,oct4 #a1 #ahgi1 to ,sept4 #cj1 #ahhj #f1egf4dh ,collections ,oct4 #a1 #ahhj1 to ,sept4 #cj1 #ahha #bf1bhi4fb ------------------ #cb1iaa4aj ,amount expended to ,sept4 #cj1 #ahha #g1dcc4eg ,amount unexpended #be1dgg4ec ------------------ #cb1iaa4aj ,,statement ,,of ,,stone ,,fund4 ,received of ,mrs4 ,valeria ,g4 #aej1jjj4jj ,stone1 ,sept41 #ahhj1 ,expended as follows3 ,straight ,university1 ,stone ,hall and ,lot1 in full #be1jjj4jj ,talladega ,college1 ,stone ,hall and improvements1 in full #ae1jjj4jj ,fisk ,university1 ,livingstone ,missionary ,hall1 in part #bb1dgf4ej ,atlanta ,university1 ,stone ,hall1 in part #ad1jjj4jj ,supt4 of ,construction1 in part #fee4dg ---------------- #gg1aca4ig ,amount unexpended #gb1hfh4jc ------------------ #aej1jjj4jj ,,recapitulation4 ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 ,current ,fund #bdc1gie4bc ,endowment ,funds #cj1jjj4jj ,arthington ,mission ,fund1 expended #g1dcc4eg ,stone ,fund #gg1aca4ig --------------------#ceh1cfj4gg 99 99 99 99 99 ,the receipts of ,berea ,college1 ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,institute and ,state appropriations of ,georgia to ,atlanta ,university1 are added below1 as presenting at one view the contributions of the same constituency for the general work in which the ,association is engaged3 ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 #ceh1cfj4gg ,berea ,college #fj1ajf4fi ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,institute #ajb1egh4gg ,atlanta ,university #h1jjj4jj --------------------#ebi1jdf4bc 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,senator ,,geo4 ,f4 ,,hoar4 ,,mr4 ,,president ,,and ,,ladies ,,and ,,gentlemen3 ,i suppose your ,secretary was well warranted in announcing my name1 for early in the summer ,i made an engagement to prepare a paper to be read here to-night on ,christian education in the ,south2 but the occupations of the last four weeks1 as imperative as they were unexpected1 have put it entirely out of my power to comply with my engagement1 as ,i informed your ,secretary yesterday4 ,but with a persistence which certainly affords a very good illustration of the doctrine of the 8perseverance of the saints10 he has compelled me to come here to make my excuse in person4 ,i have not come at this late hour of the evening to enter upon an argument in favor of what ,i am sure every person within the sound of my voice is now thoroughly convinced of1 but rather to express my gratitude and honor at the great work which is now going on in this country for a ,christian education in the ,west and ,south1 in which the ,american ,missionary ,association is so nobly taking the lead4 ,i do not think you yourselves are entirely conscious of the sublimity of what you are doing and what you are helping to do4 ,why1 take the #cba1jjj which1 including the expenditure from the ,stone fund1 your treasurer reports you have expended during the past year3 at the present rates at which the ,government can borrow money1 that represents the income of a capital of #i1jjj1jjj--the income of a capital which1 ,i suppose1 is greater than the entire aggregate of all the productive funds of the ,american colleges forty years ago1 and which ,i know is more than fifteen times the entire productive fund of ,harvard ,college as it was estimated by ,president ,quincy in #ahdj4 ,gen4 ,eaton made an imperfect estimate of the amount given for education by voluntary contribution in this country1 and in #ahgb it amounted to #h1jjj1jjj and upwards2 in #ahgc1 the last year before the great depression in business1 it amounted to more than #aa1jjj1jjj2 and ,i am informed on credible and high authority that in this year of grace #ahha1 it will amount to more than #ah1jjj1jjj--the income of a capital1 at present rates1 of more than #ejj1jjj1jjj--;a vast national school fund invested not where thieves break through and steal and where moth doth corrupt1 but invested in the patriotism and sense of religious duty of a ,christian people4 ,there is nothing in statesmanship1 there is nothing in the opportunities for political effort1 which the highest honors of the ,state can hold out to any of her public servants1 which surpasses in dignity the opportunity to help and to bid ,god-speed to a work like this4 ,my friends1 it is not strange that the wealth and the conscience of ,new ,england should arouse itself to the opportunities which ,god has held out to you in the present age4 ,there are persons within the sound of my voice within whose lifetime twenty new states will be admitted to this ,union from territory which now is scarcely settled4 ,that 8ancient1 primitive and heroical work10 as ,lord ,bacon calls it1 which he ranks as the highest work which is vouchsafed to man to take part in1 is being performed in your day and by your hands1 if you choose1 in a manner unparalleled in human history2 and the sixteen states now reconstructed1 within which1 until lately1 slavery had bolted the door against every form of popular education1 now1 thank ,god1 have their doors unfolded and afford a field of scarcely less interest than the other4 ,how can the manufacturer1 how can the merchant of ,massachusetts fail to respond to the appeal of these good men and these good women for help in the great work of educating these communities8 ,combined1 they are very soon to be the majority1 both in states and in population1 they are to determine every question of peace and war1 every policy of finance or of tariff2 they are to enact1 they are to furnish the men who expound and the men who execute the laws under which you and ,i and our children are to live1 and upon which depends the value of all property and the prosperity of all labor4 ,will the manufacturer or the merchant1 who gladly taxes himself to insure his property against fire or against crime1 hesitate a moment when you ask him to insure it against being governed by laws which are to be made by and rest upon ignorance8 ,but there is a better reason even than this4 ,i think the opportunity to take part in such a great benefaction is enough to stimulate every ingenuous soul4 ,i think there is no more beautiful memorial among men than to have your name remembered or your picture hang on the walls of an institution of learning as one of its founders or benefactors4 ,what gratitude is there like that which men feel for the college or the founder of the college where they were bred and educated8 ,now you have an opportunity to attach to you the coming generations of the ,south by this tie1 a tie which will be far stronger than all the hatreds or the passions engendered by civil war1 or which have grown up under years of misunderstanding and hatred4 ,i have been gratified in what ,i have heard and read of the speeches of this ,annual ,meeting1 and what ,i have read in the reports of your ,association1 in seeing what theory it is upon which all your efforts seem to rest4 ,the foundation of this ,american ,missionary ,association's work seems to me to be--if ,i were to state it in a single phrase--reverence for the individual soul2 that doctrine which ,christ preached1 for which ,christ died--the doctrine without which there can be neither education1 freedom1 republic or self-government in the world--that every human soul1 whether contained in a casket of ivory or a casket of bronze1 is a precious thing in the sight of ,god1 entitled to its equal right1 to its equal opportunity1 to its equal share in government with every other4 ,now1 my friends1 you have got a great deal still to do to teach the people of this commonwealth of ,massachusetts to believe and act upon that doctrine1 whether they profess it or not4 ,we avowed it1 and pledged our lives and fortunes and sacred honor to support it on the fourth of ,july1 #aggf1 and under it we grew up from a weak to a strong and mighty people4 ,the doctrine crossed the water4 ,when ,mr4 ,webster1 in his speech in #ahdc1 at the completion of the ,bunker ,hill monument1 undertook to sum up what it was that ,america had done for mankind in the seventy years1 nearly1 that had then elapsed1 he mentioned a few inventions and a few new plants and new animals which had been contributed by this continent1 and then he said that the one thing which we had done for the world was the avowal and illustration of this doctrine1 that however poor or however humble a man might be1 or whatever was his occupation1 he was the equal in rights1 the equal in dignity1 the equal in capacity for improvement1 in the presumption of the law1 to every other man4 ,well1 ,europe began to adopt the doctrine4 ,france established a republic2 ,england becomes nothing but a republic1 8hooped10 as somebody has said of her4 ,in ,spain1 ,italy and ,germany1 the doctrine is spreading2 and lo and behold1 #ge1jjj ,chinamen landed on our shores and the great republic has struck its flag6 ,men are not free and equal any longer6 ,god has not made of one blood all the nations of the earth any more6 ,my friends1 there is nothing in this world1 if there is any lesson of history to be depended upon1 which ,god visits with a surer and a severer punishment than the violation of this law4 ,just think how we have undertaken to violate it in the case of the negro2 and think of the terrible retribution in desolated homes1 in debt and squandered treasure1 and in the loss of precious human life1 ,he exacted of us4 ,just think of our dealing with the ,indians6 ,why1 excluding the five civilized nations in this country1 there are about #agj1jjj ,indians1 all told1 including those in the states and including those on the plains4 ,there are #cd1jjj ,indian children1 according to the estimate of the ,indian ,bureau1 which ,i think is a little underestimated--certainly not more than #dj1jjj ,indian children of school age in this country4 ,i suppose ,gen4 ,armstrong could tell you he could take the whole of them and educate them at one hundred and fifty or two hundred dollars apiece4 ,why1 that number of ,indians is less than one-two-hundred-and-fiftieth part of the population of this country to-day4 ,if you should gather them all into a city they would not form a city the tenth in population among the cities of ,america2 they would not make two average ,congressional districts out of our #bic4 ,and yet1 in the mode in which this country has dealt with them1 considering that good faith1 honor1 honesty1 respect for property1 respect for its own word1 was out of place1 from the time when ,washington said that was our policy1 almost in the words ,i have uttered1 down to the time when the ,ponca ,indians were driven from their homes1 and half ,boston rushed to make itself an accomplice to the crime1 our history has been marked by a disregard of this law1 and has been marked by the terrible retribution which ,god has exacted of us4 ,the ,indian wars and the cost of supporting the ,indians1 of transportation and of military police1 are estimated by a very thorough and careful estimate which ,i received from the statistician in the ,treasury department the other day1 at between five hundred and six hundred millions of dollars4 ,i think it amounts to a thousand millions4 ,the interest on the interest of what we have paid for ,indian wars would take every ,indian child of school age and give him a competent education4 ,now1 my friends1 we have gained one thing in the history of our treatment of the ,indian1 and we have gained one thing in the history of our treatment of the negro4 ,it has been demonstrated by a sufficient number of individual instances that both these races1 having their own peculiarities and their own defects1 as the white man has his own peculiarities and his own defects1 are fit for civilization1 for law1 for education1 for the family1 for the home1 for the arts and the industries which belong to civilization and peace4 ,take the case of the negro1 whom we have not all learned to respect as we should4 ,i sat in the ,house of ,representatives with seven members of the negro race1 and you could not find seven men in that ,house1 chosen on any principle of selection1 who were the equals of those seven men1 or who certainly were their superiors1 in everything that indicated the conduct of an honorable1 sensible and capable representative of the people4 ,i should like to have you take the ,congressional ,record1 and read the speeches of the old slave-masters1 and then put by their side the speeches of the slaves6 ,why1 the great orator and statesman of the ,southern ,confederacy1 ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens1 when he came back to the public service1 announced weeks beforehand a speech that he proposed to make upon a political question of the day4 ,the ,house and the country were in expectation4 ,mr4 ,stephens gave months of his best thought and his best care to the preparation of that speech2 and when he finished delivering it1 a full-blooded negro got up1 and1 on the moment1 answered the argument which had been made by the great champion of the slave-holding race and overthrew it4 ,when our illustrious senator died1 his eulogy was pronounced throughout the land from the lips of orator and poet and friend4 ,massachusetts called to her service1 perhaps1 the two most brilliant and accomplished orators in the country1 ,mr4 ,curtis and ,mr4 ,schurz2 and still the one eulogy of ,charles ,sumner which more than any other deserves to go down into literature and to be found in the school-books of coming generations1 is that pronounced by ,robert ,b4 ,elliot1 of ,south ,carolina4 ,it is too late4 ,if you do not educate these black people1 it is not because they are your inferiors2 it is because1 in your selfishness and greed1 you prefer to do something else with your money than to expend it for the benefit of these ,american citizens4 ,but1 my friends1 as ,i have said1 ,i did not come here to enter upon an argument in behalf of a cause in which this audience1 at least1 is already enlisted4 ,i come to express to you nothing but gratitude1 nothing but hope4 ,it is no time for despair4 ,i notice that our friends1 especially the clergymen who spoke to us1 reexamined1 somewhat1 the foundations of our religious faith in their speeches1 as if they thought that science or unbelief had shaken a little the strength of the old faith in the minds of men4 ,i don't believe it4 ,undoubtedly1 modern science has stripped our religious faith of some of the frame-work1 of some of the imagery1 of some of the associations with which the vision and the imagination of our early childhood had surrounded it2 but it seems to me that1 judging as we should judge of the progress of mankind1 by the state and depth of its religious faith1 and by the perfectness of its obedience to the moral law1 humanity reached its high-water mark on the day of ,president ,garfield's funeral4 ,three thousand millions of mankind1 at the same hour1 in this country and across the sea1 bowed their heads in a common grief and rose up to do a common honor to the simple qualities of love1 courage1 religious faith1 obedience to the will of ,god1 exhibited by one man and by one woman whom freedom had called to her high places4 ,why1 my friends1 you know how it is4 ,every speaker and every auditor knows how an emotion is multiplied by the size of the audience that feels it4 ,you utter a jest to your neighbor which will hardly create a smile1 or you make a remark with pathos in it1 which will hardly move him2 but say the same thing to a great audience of three or four thousand people1 and in every man's heart that feeling is multiplied and intensified by the knowledge that the same feeling is experienced by every other person4 ,you all know how that is4 ,now1 science1 the telegraph and the press enabled the emotion of human sorrow1 at the time of ,garfield's funeral1 to be felt over the entire civilized world4 ,do you think1 speaking of science having injured the cause of religion or ,christianity1 that the telegraph and the printing-press are the products of cold1 hard science--that there is no religion or morality in them8 ,yet1 of what evil passion would they have rendered the service of conveying it to the whole of mankind at once8 ,could any base man1 could any mere intellectual power1 could any man of wealth1 could any ,napoleon1 could any conqueror1 have swayed mankind as this simple ,president of ours and his wife did on that day8 ,the power in this universe that makes for evil1 and the power in this universe that makes for righteousness1 measured their forces4 ,a poor1 feeble fiend shot off his feeble bolt2 a single human life was stricken down2 and1 lo1 a throb of ,divine love thrills a planet6 ,but1 my friends1 those of us1 young or old1 who are enlisted in the service of ,god's moral law1 who pour out their wealth or do their work in life in obedience to the doctrine1 8,he that hath done it unto the least of one of these1 hath done it unto ,me10 works in the service of the ,master1 who never will be shaken on ,his throne1 and whose rewards are sure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,extracts ,,of ,,addresses ,,relating ,,to ,,general ,,work4 ,,value ,,of ,,consecration4--,christ honors alabaster boxes that are broken1 and in a moment their costly ointment is shed forth and lost forever4 ,he honors a service not according to its commercial value1 not according to the results that appear in the reports of societies1 but he honors a sacrifice for the purity of the principle in which it is made and the completeness of soul with which it is rendered4 ,i believe that the church is a unit2 ,i believe that the church is one--the body of ,christ1 and that ,christ calls upon his body to be a living sacrifice to himself4 ,as any blemish on the lamb that was brought to the temple for offering neutralized its value1 so any blemish in our hearts1 in the withholding of a complete self-sacrifice1 is a blemish on that 8living sacrifice0 which the ,lord ,jesus ,christ calls upon us and prompts us to make4 ,nay1 more1 ,i believe that the very offering of one has its effect upon all1 and that there is this vicarious suffering and this vicarious holiness1 and that ,god ,almighty looks down into the dark places of the world1 and ,he regards those places a little less dark and a little less dreadful when ,he sees the light of one poor flame burning upon one solitary altar4 ,let this1 then1 be the principle on which you go4 ,you can do very little2 we individually do very little in this world2 but you can put yourself into it1 you can give yourself to it1 and then you have made the grandest possible consecration and offering4--,rev4 ,e4 ,n4 ,packard4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,reward ,,of ,,work ,,for ,,the ,,lowly4--,i remember to have read of a traveler who was shipwrecked4 ,he seemed to have been a dissolute1 young ,englishman1 though of culture enough to read and write4 ,he was held captive on one of the ,south ,sea islands for several years1 the natives keeping him out of sight whenever a vessel was near-by4 ,they saw that he was of a superior culture to themselves1 and they had built him a hut and given him everything to make him happy4 ,they waited on his instructions and he taught them many things1 and for years he had blessed them as much as a dissolute1 immoral man could4 ,finally1 however1 he managed to escape4 ,one day he saw a ship approaching the island1 and he got behind some rocks and put off in a canoe4 ,the natives saw him and made after him4 ,it was a race for life4 ,he finally succeeded in getting so near the vessel that they threw him a rope and pulled him on board--a strange looking creature1 all his clothes in tatters and his hair unshorn4 ,he was in great agitation1 but as soon as he could speak he told them his story1 and there was this fleet of canoes crowding around the vessel to corroborate his account4 ,and the natives took up a wail1 that he was going away from them1 he1 their only link to the civilized world1 was going to leave them1 and their hearts were full of sorrow4 ,they wanted him to come back and give them one farewell embrace2 but he would not trust himself in their midst4 ,but they did this3 the sailors tied a rope around him and lowered him over the side of the ship1 and then the natives rowed by in their canoes and kissed the poor scoundrel's feet in token of gratitude4 ,oh1 what a blessing it is to be permitted to lift others6 ,how thankful those colored people at the ,south are for their teachers and helpers6 ,it is a success1 thank ,god6 ,see the gratitude that swells up in their hearts2 see their eagerness to follow their instructions2 see the endeavors they make to copy the examples that are set before them4 99 99 99 ,we are enabled to be personal sharers in this work2 and we can1 by prayer and alms1 thus express to ,him who is over all1 ,god1 blessed forever1 our thanksgiving4--,rev4 ,a4 ,h4 ,plumb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hope ,,for ,,the ,,future4--,this veteran friend of the ,freedman1 after enlarging upon the evils to which the country is exposed by prevailing ignorance and vice1 continued as follows3 ,is there any light8 ,when ,judge ,tourgee wrote his first book1 8,the ,fool's ,errand10 there appeared to be a sort of hopelessness in all the air2 but the next book1 8,bricks without ,straw10 let the light through the crevices4 ,he discovered and unfolded the remedy4 ,it is educate6 ,educate the masses by educating the children6 ,it is the fear of ,god and the love of man in active operation which make the individual his brother's keeper1 his brother's helper4 ,it is by expanding the individual conscience to take in fully and largely his individual responsibility1 and re-awakening it among those who are more or less enlightened already4 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association is the mother of a big household4 ,she is pure1 sweet-tempered1 patient and persevering4 ,she entered the field of contest early and is proud of her scars4 ,she has stood at the doors of church pews which would not open1 and endured the contempt and derision of the unthinking in her school-house receptions2 her sons have lost arms and legs and lives in her service2 but she looks ever forward for her final reward1 when vast multitudes shall rise up to call her blessed4 ,my friends1 give help to this ,association1 and you help in the most direct way the cause of ,universal ,education4 ,but let me say a word for ,howard ,university4 ,it has received pronounced commendation from both the friends and the enemies of colored men4 ,a representative friend says of it3 8,it recognizes the complete manhood of a man and the complete womanhood of a woman40 ,an enemy says3 8,it makes gentlemen and ladies of niggers60 ,it duly claims for itself equality of rights for all men1 and limits knowledge not to color but to capacity4 ,may the ,lord bless and prosper it till its students and graduates shall be honored in all the world6 ,the ,fisk ,university will ever be memorable for the wonderful struggle1 perseverance and final success of the ,jubilee ,singers4 ,theirs is the history1 in a brief compass1 of their race4 ,it is a prophecy to which we of this generation should take heed4 ,here were slavery1 emancipation1 want2 then journeyings almost without hope--none except in ,god2 then the dawn1 broadening and widening till the full day came6 ,turned out of hotels in hate2 pushed from railways in disgust and blasphemy2 then received with delight and honor by kings and princes1 queens and princesses everywhere2 men1 women and children crying with joy at the plaint of their song1 and clapping their hands by the thousands in their praise6 ,may we not take this bright history as a harbinger of good--as a spur to more and more activity to the pupils' foster-mother1 the ,american ,missionary ,association--as a call to individual duty on the part of us who make up its membership--yea1 as in some degree an offset to the grievous evils that afflict our land8 ,ah1 may we not1 resolving to be better and do better ourselves1 look steadily forward1 and1 like your own poet1 say3 8,i have not seen1 and may not see1 ,my hopes for man take form in fact2 ,but ,god will give the victory ,in due time2 in that faith ,i act08 --,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,howard4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elevation ,,of ,,the ,,degraded4--,when ,i received an invitation to speak at this meeting1 ,i had arranged my business engagements for the week1 and ,i sent word back that ,i could not come2 but ,i was asked to reconsider it1 and so ,i have canceled two of my engagements for the purpose of being here1 not that ,i am to interest you with a speech1 but to show my earnest love for the great movement carried on by this society4 ,when a man steps out from his own specialty1 he generally makes a failure of it2 and ,i don't know but ,i shall make a failure in attempting to speak to you on this theme to-night4 ,but this meeting and all these meetings are a grand contradiction to the infidel utterance1 that those who love ,god the best love their fellow-men the least4 ,we give such a sentence as that the flat contradiction as an abominable and outrageous falsehood4 ,what is it that prompts men to endeavor to ameliorate the condition of their fellow-men8 ,there is no benevolence worth anything that does not come from the ,new ,testament ,christianity4 ,love for ,christ1 it is that which induces us to bring those who are straying away into the fold4 ,and this is the idea of this society1 if ,i understand it4 ,now you know as well as ,i do that a reformed drunkard can operate upon a drunkard better than a man who never was an intemperate man2 and a converted thief will do more good among thieves than a man who has always been honest2 and one who has been converted from the lowest grade of sin can go down into the very depths to lift up those who are as debased as he or she was4 ,with regard to educating the colored people1 ,i have heard people say3 8,o1 there is no use trying to educate them40 ,i have heard the remark that they are 8a stupid lot40 ,no1 they are not6 ,if you know anything about them1 you know they are not stupid4 ,they will say wonderful things4 ,i grant you a good many of them are ignorant2 but ,i tell you1 although they may be ignorant1 utterly ignorant1 yet you will hear brighter1 smarter things from them than you will hear from the ignorant in the ,north1 as a general thing4 ,why1 what do you think of the negro who1 when asked why he didn't fight in the time of the war1 said1 8,because ,i don't want to fight40 8,well1 but they are fighting for the negro40 8,i know they are2 but did you ever see two dogs fighting for a bone80 8,yes40 8,well1 did you ever see the bone fight80 ,there is something1 ,i say1 in the education of the colored man--though why they call him 8colored10 ,i don't know4 ,a man was once asked if he was colored2 he said no1 he was 8born so0--something to build on in themselves4 ,and then there is their desire for education4 ,we here in the ,north can hardly conceive the earnest desire of those people to learn4 ,when ,straight ,university was burned1 ,i received a letter asking me for some books2 and ,i had the privilege of sending some two or three hundred volumes to them4 ,i was told in the letter that on the very morning after the fire the scholars assembled1 and1 standing among the ruins1 they sang1 8,hold the ,fort10 and then formed themselves into classes all around about the ruins that they might not lose their lessons4 ,i have an idea--,i shall get bewildered here a little1 because ,i am talking about education1 and ,i never was educated myself--that education may not make a man a better ,christian1 but it will make him a more useful ,christian4 ,one poor woman1 living in a smoky cabin1 when asked how she could endure to live in such a smoke1 said3 8,why1 honey1 ,i'se thankful to de good ,lord to get anything to make a smoke of40 ,there was a good deal of ignorance1 but there was true thanksgiving4 ,another one said3 8,god whips you and leaves you alone sometimes1 to see if you won't work2 but la1 it's just like a baby--as soon as you cry ,he hears ye60 ,some of the most beautiful sentiments have been uttered by those who are the most ignorant2 but when we are appointing men to preach the ,gospel1 my opinion is that education is needed1 and we must so arrange the machinery of the ,american ,missionary ,association that hundreds of thousands of men who are now waiting the opportunity to preach the everlasting ,gospel intelligently shall be brought into the field of labor4 ,o1 it is a glorious work1 this lifting1 lifting up of the low1 this ministering to those who are poor1 this helping those who have no helper6 ,it is a grand work1 and ,i thank ,god that there is such an ,association as this1 stretching out its hands and its arms in every direction to lay hold on those for whom the world has cared so little4--,john ,b4 ,gough1 ,esq4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,negro ,,worth ,,saving4--,it may be put down as a sure thing that our estimate of men1 in the long run1 determines what we do for them4 ,our theories of human nature are the measure of our philanthropies4 ,i am not going to sacrifice much for any man whom ,i reckon as utterly and hopelessly insignificant4 ,christian philanthropy is not a sentiment1 nor an emotion1 but a practical principle2 and principles are ideas vitalized and set in movement by convictions4 ,suppose1 for instance1 that you assume that men are incapable and cannot be made capable of self-government4 ,i think your political philanthropy will not take a very democratic type4 ,if a colored man--black1 red1 or whatever--is not fit1 and cannot be made fit1 for the political suffrage1 then we shall have white men's suffrage1 and the question of fitness will inevitably determine the whole matter4 ,if negro suffrage had any rational ground1 and was not a wild and desperate venture1 it was grounded in the theory that the negro could be made capable for the exercise of the political suffrage1 and the men who had faith enough in him to give him the suffrage1 assumed that there would be found men who would have faith enough in him to fit him for the exercise thereof4 ,again1 suppose you assume that the ,christian churches are incompetent to manage their own ecclesiastical affairs within the limits of a true ,christian and ecclesiastical fellowship4 ,i think your ecclesiastical fellowship will not take a very ,congregational type4 ,of course1 we must have a strong central government that will manage the affairs of such incompetence4 ,it has been assumed that the colored people of the ,south are unfit for the superior intelligence of our ,congregationalism1 or that ,congregationalism is not sufficiently spectacular and sensational to fit the primitive wants of the colored people4 ,i will not characterize such heresy as that as it seems to me it ought to be characterized4 ,at any rate1 ,i think it a most beggarly begging of the whole question2 and if it be true1 then the occupation1 ecclesiastically at least1 of this society is gone4 ,the truth is1 friends1 our ecclesiastical1 like our political philanthropy1 is grounded on faith in men--intelligent1 ,christian faith in the manhood1 capacities and possibilities of men2 and when that faith is gone1 the bottom is out and we must have new foundations4 ,or suppose we assume that the children in our homes are only animals1 or are fit only for the mechanical drudgery of life4 ,i think our domestic and educational philanthropy will not take1 to say the least of it1 a very civilized type4 ,yung ,pow says that it is of far more importance whether an angel or a devil educate the child than whether a learned doctor or a simpleton teach him2 that is1 the virtue that educates is of far more importance than the intelligence that instructs--which1 in a certain way1 of course1 is true4 ,but what is the use of debating the relative importance of virtue and intelligence where they are co-ordinate8 ,the highest virtue demands intelligence1 and the highest intelligence demands virtue4 ,but suppose it to be true that the child is very likely to find the doctor or the simpleton1 as well as the angel or the evil demon1 what then8 ,of course1 we want the angel in our homes and in our schools2 but ,i submit that we want the doctor1 too1 or his equivalent4 ,we have got to look out for the devil in our homes and in our schools2 but ,i submit that we have got to look out for the simpleton1 too4 ,it is not virtue1 it is not goodness alone that educates2 it is intelligence as well2 and what we want is a broad1 noble1 manly and ,christian intelligence that estimates aright the manhood possibilities of every man--that will assume the ,christian standard of estimate1 which is not1 ,i submit1 the materialist's estimate1 nor the secularist's estimate1 nor the politician's estimate1 nor the ,pharisee's estimate4 ,we want a faith in men that will not prejudge either case against them1 and undertake to determine on priori grounds just the precise measure of men's capacity1 and just what they are able to accomplish4 ,we want a faith that understands that we are not dealing with material substances nor merely mechanical aptitudes1 but with a higher range of powers that are to fit the coming man or woman for a worthy service in the social and political world1 and in the kingdom of our ,god4--,rev4 ,l4 ,o4 ,brastow1 ,d4,d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,glance ,,at ,,the ,,south4--,there is something interesting1 as you go through the ,south at the present time1 in watching the progress of events4 ,it is a region1 speaking of it as a whole1 that strikes the ,northern man with many peculiarities4 ,one is1 where is the population that made that stern resistance to the ,northern arms8 ,the cities are all small2 there are no villages2 whence came that force that withstood us so many years1 and withstood us with such might8 ,and then again1 you are struck with many things so different from what we find at the ,north4 ,you may ride whole days and find very few ,southern people with whom you can have any opportunity of conversing4 ,there is usually a car on the train which the colored people devote to themselves1 but they only ride from station to station4 ,you find but few of the white people traveling1 and yet since the close of the war there has been a visible growth2 and ,i am a firm believer in a new ,south that is dawning4 ,there is coming to be a gradually renewed intercourse between the people of the ,north and the people of the ,south1 and step by step we shall find new interests awakening and a closer linking than there has been for many a year4 ,but one of the most interesting phases of the ,south1 from whatever stand-point1 is the colored population4 ,they are a remarkable people4 ,they number six and a half millions by the last census4 ,you know that it used to be said that when slavery should take away its fostering care1 we should find large inroads made upon their numbers1 and like the ,indians1 they would gradually waste and disappear4 ,but what is the story of the two censuses of #ahgj and #ahhj8 ,the increase of the whole population of this country for the past ten years has been a little over #cj per cent4 ,of this1 the white population has increased #bh per cent4 and a fraction over1 and the colored population #cd per cent4 and a fraction over4 ,so that1 although the white population has been benefited by the enormous immigration1 of which we so often speak and boast1 yet by almost six per cent4 the colored population has won in the race4 ,i met the president of a railroad within a month1 who has recently constructed a long road in the ,south against time4 ,i asked him1 8,with what help did you construct this road80 ,he said1 8,with colored men entirely40 8,were they satisfactory80 8,entirely so40 8,would they do as much work per man as the railroad laborers of the ,north80 8,not quite as much per man1 but there was no danger of a strike4 ,they were cheerful1 hearty and willing1 and ,i was entirely satisfied with them4 ,i completed my road many days before the time given me1 with every man in the ,south prophesying it was impossible to accomplish that result40 ,i said to a policeman not long since in the city of ,savannah1 8,have you any colored men on your force80 8,not one2 and if a colored man were placed here1 every one of us would resign40 ,i then asked him about the colored people in the ,south and in that city4 ,he said1 8,they are orderly and well-behaved2 we have no fault to find with them40 8,how are they getting on in the schools80 8,they are beating our white children in the public schools40 8,how is that80 8,well1 our people do not altogether patronize the public schools1 and the colored mothers take much more pains to have their children prompt and constant in attendance than the white mothers2 and when the children of this generation come to stand up face to face ten years hence1 we are going to be put to shame by the intelligence of many a black boy that to-day walks our streets barefooted and ragged40 ,that is the statement of a man who said he would resign if a colored man was put upon the police force of which he was a member4 ,there are many things about the colored people we must be patient with4 ,they are ignorant1 and ignorant beyond what we realize4 ,it is an ignorance which we must not be surprised at2 it is an ignorance which we must be patient with4 ,it is our duty to give them education--and not merely the duty of us who are here to-night1 not merely of this generation1 but of generations to come4 ,it is a duty that is patriotic beyond what we are apt to consider4 ,at the close of the war we gave to the colored population the ballot2 but it has been the proud claim of ,new ,england always that back of the ballot must be intelligence1 and that it is not safe in a republic that he who casts the vote that decides the fate of the nation shall cast a vote that he cannot read4 ,yet to-day there is that enormous vote of the ,south1 a vote which the man casting it cannot read4 ,we sometimes wonder that1 in a state like ,south ,carolina1 where the colored population is almost double the white1 it is possible that they should be deprived of the franchise2 but you can judge how timid a man is as to his rights when he cannot read his ballot nor count it after it is cast4 ,therefore1 as ,i say1 that question must be a slow one as it works itself out2 but it is as citizens of this nation1 as patriots1 that we must see to it that intelligence is furnished to that people at the earliest possible day1 to enable them to both read and count the ballots which they cast4 --,henry ,d4 ,hyde1 ,esq4 ,,the ,,colored ,,man4--,fifteen years ago ,gen4 ,o4 ,o4 ,howard asked a colored school1 8,what message will you send to the friends ,north80 ,richard ,wright1 at that time a lad of thirteen1 responded1 8,tell 'em we's risin' sir40 ,mr4 ,wright has since graduated from ,atlanta ,university1 and for several years has been engaged in teaching and editing a local paper in ,georgia4 ,those who heard his admirable address had abundant evidence that his statement has been verified in his own case1 at least4 ,we regret that we can give our readers so small a part of it4 ,you cannot imagine how much it rejoices me to stand before those who helped to shape the events whose tremendous logic forced the great patriot and philanthropist1 ,abraham ,lincoln1 to sign that necessary war measure which resulted in striking the shackles from the four million unfortunate human beings whom ,i have the honor to represent at this meeting4 ,i come to tell you that your labors have not been in vain4 ,the colored man1 whose cause you have espoused1 is worthy of your efforts4 ,numerically1 the colored people form about one-seventh of this great nation4 ,their natural increase is greater1 probably1 than that of any other branch of the ,american family4 ,in the ,south they constitute nearly one-half of the population1 and in the cotton states even more4 ,nine-tenths of the manual or menial labor of the ,south is done by colored men4 ,freedom has not made them lazy1 as has been stated by their enemies4 ,besides making ten million more bales of cotton than during any fifteen years of slavery1 they have1 during the last fifteen years of freedom1 acquired in the ,south over one hundred million dollars worth of property4 ,that eagerness for an education which characterized them when your first missionaries were put in the field has not left them4 ,in #ahgh1 ,gen4 ,eaton reported as being in the public schools of the ,south #fge1aej colored children1 and about #ajj schools devoted to secondary1 normal1 collegiate and professional training among the six and a-half million colored citizens4 ,such1 in brief1 is the strength of a people who are to help shape the destiny of this republic4 ,ignorance1 intellectual and moral1 is our main weakness1 a curse for which our forefathers were not responsible1 but for which we1 of the rising generation1 are compelled to atone under the manacles of political proscription and religious and social ostracism4 ,it could hardly be expected that the slaveholders of the ,south would in their straitened circumstances undertake the education of those whom they had looked upon as their property taken violently from them4 ,so the ,north1 as it has abolished slavery1 must also abolish ignorance4 ,the first need of the colored man is ,christian training4 ,the old preachers1 fettered by slave habits and filled with superstition and sectarianism1 will hardly be able to make their flocks much better than themselves4 ,the colored people need spiritual advisers whose lips and lives express the holy gospel they profess4 ,there are in the ,south thousands of colored preachers1 controlling large congregations1 too1 who are unable to read correctly a single text from the book which they undertake to expound to their followers4 ,the colored people are naturally religious and nominally ,christian4 ,they are ready to be led by the ,christian teacher or the scheming ,romanist1 by the true patriot or the plotting demagogue4 ,as clay in the hand of the potter1 they can be made vessels fit for the ,master's kingdom1 or they can be left to grow more vicious and more corrupt1 and thus be lost to ,christianity4 ,the colored man needs the facilities for becoming educated4 ,he has the inclination1 but not the means1 to make a good and useful citizen4 ,the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 has done much1 and will1 ,i hope1 do more to arouse this whole nation to see the threatening danger that lurks in the ignorant masses of the ,south1 and to feel the necessity of removing the danger by educating this element4 ,the black man is not to blame for his hard lot1 nor is he of his own accord an ,american2 but #bej years of toil and hardship have wedded him to this soil1 and here he means to stay4 ,docile and tractable1 his industry has made the ,southern wilderness productive and beautiful4 ,he has produced the cotton1 tobacco and cane of this country4 ,any attempt to supply his place as a laborer in the ,south will prove utterly futile4 ,he is there a laborer1 citizen and voter1 part and parcel of the ,american nation1 and ,i trust the ,american nation will recognize him as such4 ,the full1 complete recognition of the right and privilege of the colored man to be and do whatever any other citizen is and does1 is what the republic must settle down to4 ,the question whether the colored man shall live in this republic1 on terms of perfect equality1 protected in the enjoyment of every privilege and immunity accorded to any other ,american1 is a question which has postponed the progress of the ,south1 and will continue to until the nation shall have solved this problem4 ,sooner or later the republic must see its solution4 ,like ,banquo's ghost1 down at your beck or wane it will not4 ,it will present itself at your churches1 your theatres1 your legislative councils and your court rooms4 ,it is the one question that will not and cannot be settled until it is settled rightly4 ,it is a question embracing the development of an irrepressible race1 one that cannot be starved out1 driven out or killed out4 ,when the people of the ,south1 together with the people of the ,north1 shall approach this subject1 under the guidance of intelligent reason and an enlightened conscience1 they will see that the true way to solve this vexing question is to educate the colored man and treat him as a citizen4 ,but1 aided or unaided1 helped or hindered1 the negro will have an influence in the government of this country1 and there is now no power in the arm of the ,american people to keep him down4 ,he will rise to help make this republic the grandest and noblest that has ever dotted the face of this globe1 or he will sleep on a common burying-ground with his white oppressors1 amid the ruins and ashes of this republic4 ,inseparably united with the fate and fortune of ,america1 the words of the ,hebrew maiden to ,naomi express his adhesion to the white man4 8,whither thou goest1 ,i will go2 and where thou lodgest1 ,i will lodge2 thy people shall be my people1 and thy ,god my ,god2 where thou diest ,i will die1 and there will ,i be buried40--,richard ,wright1 ,esq4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,africa ,,and ,,the ,,africans4--,mr4 ,president3 ,africa and the ,africans is the subject assigned me4 ,but before entering upon it directly1 it is fitting1 perhaps1 that ,i should say that for the last six and a half years ,i have been in ,great ,britain as the ,secretary of the ,freedmen's ,missions ,aid ,society1 of which the ,earl of ,shaftesbury is ,president and ,lord ,kinnaird is ,treasurer4 ,the ,british people have been largely interested in aiding the ,american ,missionary ,association in preparing and sending out to ,africa colored teachers1 missionaries and general helpers for that great work so wonderfully opened up in that dark land4 ,and it is well known that the ,jubilee ,singers1 who went through ,great ,britain under the patronage of the ,freedmen's ,aid ,society1 or we may say its ,president1 the noble ,earl of ,shaftesbury1 received very generous aid for ,fisk ,university from our ,british friends4 ,they have also aided liberally in the support of colored missionaries at the ,mendi ,mission on the ,west ,coast of ,africa4 ,but latterly they have become greatly interested in the ,arthington ,mission1 projected for the ,upper ,nile valley1 toward which field two white missionaries have gone forth1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,m4 ,ladd1 and ,dr4 ,snow1 of ,western ,new ,york4 ,for this mission1 ,robert ,arthington1 ,esq41 of ,leeds1 ,england1 has given #ae1jjj2 others in ,great ,britain have given #ae1jjj more2 so we have #cj1jjj of the #ej1jjj needed for the mission from our ,british friends4 ,one ,london gentleman1 after hearing a statement of the case in ,scotland1 sent for the speaker and gave him #e1jjj1 as he said1 instead of a legacy4 ,note that4 ,a young man1 who is a butler in a gentleman's family1 sent at another time #ej4 ,when asked if that was not too much for him he said1 8,i gave #aj a little ago1 to help a friend out of a difficulty1 and ,i can give #aj for the good of a vast continent40 ,a good woman1 who had been a governess for some years1 also handed to the ,secretary #aj for herself1 and her sister gave #aj more2 and they agreed to give together #ae 7#ge7 a year right on for colored missionaries for ,africa4 ,these were deeds of self-sacrifice4 ,are there not generous young men1 and older men1 and noble women in ,america1 who will do as well for that dark continent1 which our ancestors so cruelly plundered8 ,we need1 we must have #bj1jjj more1 very soon1 for that ,arthington ,mission4 ,we want a steamer on the ,upper ,nile waters also4 ,we must besides have a steamer1 the ,john ,brown memorial steamer1 for the ,mendi ,mission on the ,west ,coast at once4 ,in that country there are no roads1 there are no beasts of burden4 ,human beings have to be the carriers of all burdens for hundreds of miles4 ,and our dear missionaries have fallen1 many of them1 in early death1 in those perilous journeys through swamp and jungle1 on their errands of love to the poor suffering millions of ,africa4 ,we cannot believe that their friends and our friends will hesitate and delay their giving for this steamer for the increase of good and the saving of precious lives4 ,if we recall the abuse and the needs of ,africa1 we can but see and feel our duty and privilege in this connection4 ,africa has been for five hundred years the hunting-ground for the bondmen of the whole world1 and to this day the slave trade covers an area nearly equal to all ,europe1 in ,northern1 ,central and ,southern ,africa4 ,this accursed trade is to the ,east1 and mainly to the ,mohammedan countries2 and it is said that from some of the ,eastern ports a traveler may wend his way1 without a guide1 into the very heart of ,africa1 by following the line of human bones and the skin-covered skeletons of the poor slave victims who have fallen in that terrible march to the sea4 ,and that this crime should have been permitted by the ,christian nations down to the closing part of this #aith century is an astounding fact6 ,and it ought not to need an argument to show any man that a people who still demand slaves1 and buy human beings therefor1 ought to be hounded out of the very pale of the civilized nations2 for it is generally known that for every slave delivered in any country1 four and often six human beings have fallen in death in the attempts to capture them1 or in the cruel journey to their doom4 ,and this trade will never be stopped till the better nations learn to treat the demand for slaves as a huge crime1 as well as the act of supply4 ,to meet and combat this crime boldly and persistently in both demand and supply is the call of ,god to the ,christian nations out on the morning and the midnight air4 ,now we may do both4 ,africa is open to us1 and travelers are penetrating her vast territories2 the steamer's screw and paddle-wheels of reform are stirring her waters and also the thought of her people2 commerce is tapping her mines of wealth2 geographers are correcting her maps2 scientists are studying her various climates and testing her remedial agents4 ,christianity1 of which it was said in a meeting of the ,international ,society for ,africa1 made up of distinguished travelers1 learned and scientific men1 8,history shows that ,christianity has special virtue for rescuing savage races from barbarism1 causing them rapidly to over-step the first barriers in the way of civilization0--,christianity1 we say1 is now challenging ,paganism1 the ,moslem curse1 and the accursed slave trade1 on that long plundered continent of ,africa4 ,and now we have a potent factor for the work not available a little ago4 ,we have more than six millions of ,africa's sable children1 from which people we may select educated ,christian young men and women for the great work given us to do4 ,and these are the people for ,africa4 ,they can live in hot climates2 they are by blood relations and common sufferings in sympathy with the people to be reached and saved2 they can touch the heart1 stir the thought and lift up their own race as no other people can ever do it4 ,for this they are developing a peculiar type of piety on a grander scale than we have yet seen among the ,anglo-,saxon race4 ,the ,pauline we have had--the intellect and conscience carried by an intense conviction of duty1 so that the man would go to the stake for his principles4 ,but the loving1 trustful type of piety belongs to these sable children of the sunnier and more genial climes4 ,shall we1 then1 know our day and dare to take our opportunity with these ex-slaves for the redemption of ,africa from ignorance1 superstition1 slavery1 war and woe8 ,we want the ,john ,brown mission steamer4 ,we want1 we must have1 in addition to all the generous and noble gifts for our ,southern work1 the sum of #bj1jjj1 already pledged by the committee of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a41 for the ,arthington ,mission in the ,upper ,nile valley1 frightfully ravaged by the villainous slave trade to this very day6 ,who1 then1 of all ,god's dear people1 will rally to this standard1 and come at the call of the ,divine ,king to this momentous work1 with hand and heart and money1 to take possession of that vast continent of ,africa1 with its #bjj1jjj1jjj of people1 for ,christ1 and for the good of all nations8--,rev4 ,o4 ,h4 ,white1 ,d4,d41 ,sec4 ,f4 ,m4 ,a4 ,soc41 ,london1 ,eng4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,freedmen4 ,,rev4 ,,joseph ,e4 ,,roy1 ,d4,d41 ,,field ,,superintendent1 ,,atlanta1 ,,ga4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,educational ,,work4 ,your ,committee upon the educational work of this ,association would congratulate its friends upon the great prosperity which has marked the past year1 and which gives such rich promise for the years to come4 ,we find as causes for thankfulness3 #ast4 ,the permanent improvements to our various educational institutions in new and better buildings and increased endowments4 #b;d4 ,the growing appreciation by the colored people of these educational privileges4 #c;d4 ,the increasing confidence and sympathy of the ,southern whites in the education of the ,freedmen1 and in the schools founded for them by the ,north1 as shown by the words and deeds of prominent individuals and the articles in leading journals4 #dth4 ,and lastly1 we are devoutly thankful that the ,holy ,spirit has been so manifestly present in the labors of the year1 and that revivals of religion have given evidence of ,god's favor on the work1 and promise of men and women for the great missionary work lying before the ,american ,freedmen4 ,your ,committee feel constrained to urge the importance of the following measure3 #ast4 ,this ,association should concentrate its efforts upon its work in the ,states1 among the negro1 the ,indian and the ,chinese1 as offering its distinctive missionary field4 #b;d4 ,the friends of the ,association should redouble their efforts to put its schools upon a permanent endowed basis1 and thoroughly equip them for giving a high ,christian education to the ,freedmen4 #c;d4 ,in view of the vast educational structure to be built from the very foundations1 the pressing importance of immediate education for millions of illiterate children1 the poverty of the ,south1 and the insufficiency of benevolent contributions from the ,north1 the ,national ,government should be urged to immediately inaugurate some additional and more adequate system of national aid4 ,c4 ,t4 ,,collins1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,c4 ,t4 ,,collins4 ,on the staircase of the ,berlin ,museum1 the great artist ,kaulbach has represented the intensity of the battle of the ,huns by picturing the spirits of the dead warriors rising up in a cloud above that battle-field and prolonging the contest in a spiritual war4 ,it seems to me a type of all great moral strifes4 ,after the roar of the cannon has died away1 and the dead have been laid in their graves1 the spirits and the principles involved in the battle grapple with one another for victory4 ,for four long years ,north and ,south met in the crash of material strife1 and now1 for sixteen years1 ,northern principles and ,southern principles have been meeting in a death grapple1 and the victory will not be won until ,northern principles conquer4 ,for four years ,north and ,south met in the crash of battle1 setting four million slaves free from chattel bondage1 and for sixteen years ,north and ,south have met in the silent strife of spiritual warfare1 to set what are now over six millions free from the grosser bondage of ignorance4 ,when1 in #ahfe1 four and a half million ,freedmen knocked at the school-house of the ,south for admittance1 you are most of you aware of the prejudice and opposition that met them2 but are you aware what the school-house was at which they knocked8 ,the ,south never had provided an education for the masses4 ,its theory was to educate the higher classes and leave the masses alone1 even those of the whites4 ,it never had an adequate school system before the war4 ,north ,carolina was the only state in the ,confederacy that kept up anything like public schools during the war1 and at its close her permanent school fund of nearly #c1jjj1jjj was lost4 ,after sixteen years' replenishment1 the entire school property of the eight ,southern ,states1 reported by the ,commissioner of ,education in his last report in #ahgi--the value of the sites1 buildings and all other school property--does not amount to much over seven millions1 or1 leaving ,kentucky out1 much over five millions4 ,alabama1 ,arkansas1 ,mississippi1 ,texas and ,georgia1 which do not report1 are poor in school property4 ,leaving ,kentucky and ,west ,virginia out1 with their four millions1 in all the ,states south of them there are probably not to-day #g1jjj1jjj of school property4 ,new ,york1 with her #cj1jjj1jjj1 has four times as much as all this ,south4 ,your ,massachusetts1 although it does not fully report1 has doubtless the same multiple2 and eight states of the ,north have each more school property to-day than all the school property of this ,south4 ,moreover1 these poorly equipped states1 indifferent to the education of the poor whites1 and prejudiced against the education of the poor blacks1 were awfully1 bitterly poor4 ,in #ahgj1 after recovering from the worst shock of the war1 there was nearly #a1ejj in ,massachusetts for every man1 but there was in ,alabama1 ,georgia and ,north ,carolina only a little over #bjj for every man4 ,do you realize that #b1jjj1jjj1jjj had been put into ,confederate bonds to support that war1 and that it was all gone8 ,what would have been the state of the ,north if our public debt had been repudiated8 ,and besides that1 everything was in ruin1 industries prostrated1 society convulsed1 and this poor stricken country had to lift up the debt of the ,union as well as the ,north itself4 ,we said bitterly1 8,they do not educate40 ,we said angrily1 8,they won't educate20 and1 brethren1 we ought to have said charitably1 8,alas1 ,o ,god1 they can't educate60 ,such1 briefly1 was the condition sixteen years ago4 ,now what has been done8 ,northern aid leaped to the rescue1 as you well know4 ,millions have been given4 ,that black form1 lying blinded by ignorance at our feet1 was bent over by patient1 tender ,christian sympathy1 and the cataract lifted from his eyes with a golden1 jeweled knife4 ,why1 ,i look at the car of educational progress in the ,south1 and under it ,i see #ej1jjj glittering wheels1 on which it is rolling on1 and those wheels are each one of them a ten dollar gold piece given last year by the ,north4 ,there was1 in the last report of the ,commissioner of ,education1 #abi schools of higher education for colored youth and over #ad1jjj scholars in them2 and almost without exception each of these schools has against it a name indicative that it sprung up out of ,northern ,christian benevolence4 ,this is only a part of what the ,north has done4 ,but1 friends1 we hear a great deal about this and we hear very little of what the ,south has done4 ,twenty years ago it was the law of the land that the negro should not be educated2 and now in every state in the ,south it is the constitutional law that he shall be educated2 and furthermore1 the commissioners of these states say they will devote every energy within them to carry out this law4 ,kentucky 7shame on her67 and ,delaware 7shame on her67 give to the negro what he pays in taxes1 and they are pretty far ,north2 all the rest of the ,south give of the school fund per capita to the negro and to the white2 and the constitutions of the states which enjoin this have been endorsed since the war by conventions in which the majority were white and originally secessionists4 ,oh yes6 we ,northerners gave1 ,i know1 #ejj1jjj last year to educate the negro2 ,southern tax payers gave over #d1jjj1jjj to educate him4 ,i am comparing not the spirit in giving1 but the amounts actually given4 ,in our #abi schools we have #ad1jjj scholars4 ,in the #ad1jjj colored public schools of the ,south there are nearly #gjj1jjj scholars4 ,but that is not all4 ,in sixteen years1 ,northern principle has conquered this and it has conquered ,southern approval as well4 ,i know the great bulk do not feel as ,orr feels1 the ,commissioner of ,georgia2 as ,brown feels1 ,senator and ex-,governor of ,georgia2 as ,curry feels1 administrator of the ,peabody fund and ex-,senator of the ,confederate ,congress2 as1 above all1 ,haygood feels4 ,i wish every man in this house would read 8,our ,brother in ,black10 by ,president ,haygood1 of ,emory ,college1 ,oxford1 ,ga41 and so learn the true situation4 ,i have been told1 since that book was written1 that that man went into a colored school in his native place1 and leaning on his cane1 wept tears during all the examinations1 and1 rising up1 in a trembling voice begged pardon of the colored teacher and the colored scholars because he had misunderstood and opposed a movement so ,christian4 ,ah1 friends1 let us recognize it to-day4 ,the ,south is waking up4 ,these are exceptions2 they are leaders4 ,but the great masses follow on4 ,there are hundreds of thousands of white ,christians in the ,south who love ,christ as you and ,i do4 ,they have the ,bible2 they have the ,holy ,spirit2 they have missionary societies4 ,president ,haygood says it is absurd1 and ,i say it is impossible1 that a man who believes in sending missionaries to ,africa should prolong opposition to missionaries for the ,freedmen4 ,he says truly that the battle never will be won until ,southern white women sit before dusky faces and teach such scholars how to read4 ,a school surrounded by a hostile community is a fortress and not a school1 and crippled in all its usefulness4 ,under the crape-hung flag of the ,union1 mourning the loss of a ,northern ,president who set slaves free before the ,emancipation ,proclamation declared them free1 and with his sword helped cut down the ,southern cause1 ex-,confederate generals have cried out of the ,south to the ,north1 8,he is our ,president60 ,o1 let us cease the old war cry of '#fe2 let us wipe out of all our reports and papers1 as an ,association1 everything calculated to excite the old animosities1 and cry back in a spirit of full fraternal charity1 8,our brethren1 by that sign of sorrow40 ,now in view of this work and spirit of the ,south1 what must be done8 ,we1 as an ,association1 must redouble our efforts4 ,there is every reason to help the ,south trying to help itself4 ,there is only one scholar1 in every colored school1 supported by the ,north1 and suppose every single one graduates1 to supply one teacher for every public colored school in the ,south4 ,think of it6 ,and that leaves out of calculation one and one half million of church members pleading for preachers4 ,according to the last report of the ,commissioner of ,education1 the ,north gave to the higher schools of education at the ,south in #ahgi less than #ejj1jjj4 ,it gave to the same schools in the ,north1 benevolently1 charitably1 about #e1jjj1jjj4 ,we hear much about #ej1jjj given to ,berea ,college4 ,we hear little about #ejj1jjj to the college in ,cleveland4 ,one-fortieth of all negroes in the world are in the ,united ,states2 one-fifteenth are in ,north and ,south ,america4 ,but ,i will leave others to speak of that1 and pass in closing to speak of what our ,national ,government must do now4 ,millions of dollars are needed to do it4 ,no agency but the central ,government can or should meet this need4 ,it cannot be done by ,northern benevolence2 that is inadequate1 utterly inadequate4 ,the ,north would only pauperize the ,south1 if it could and did do it4 ,it cannot be done by the ,southern states4 ,these ,southern states 7leaving out ,maryland1 ,missouri1 ,delaware and ,district of ,columbia7 contributed in #ahgi to public school education only eight and a half millions4 ,of the ,north1 ,illinois gave eight1 ,ohio seven1 ,pennsylvania eight1 ,new ,york ten millions to their public schools4 ,this contribution of the ,south seems and is very niggardly1 but it is a question how much increase we can expect4 ,the ,south is loaded down with poverty1 debts and heavy taxes4 ,the other day a prominent platform speaker made a comparison between ,arkansas and ,kansas in order to illustrate the inferiority of ,southern education4 ,he said that in #ahgg ,kansas sent #hg per cent of her children to the schools1 and ,arkansas #h per cent4 ,kansas raised #e4fe for each scholar1 and ,arkansas raised #ej cents4 ,then he went on to say that ,kansas and ,arkansas were in about the same financial condition4 ,i looked that up this morning1 and ,i found that ,arkansas had a debt of five millions1 and ,kansas had a debt of one million2 that ,arkansas had #hg1jjj1jjj taxable property with which to pay her debt of five millions1 while ,kansas had #afj1jjj1jjj to pay her debt of one million2 and that ,arkansas was paying a state tax of #fe cents on every hundred1 and ,kansas was paying #ee cents4 ,now we must remember that the ,south is bitterly taxed1 awfully in debt1 and very poor4 ,i will read one more statistic and stop4 ,louisiana has #ccj1icj school children 7those who ought to be72 ,massachusetts1 #cjc1hcf4 ,the school income in ,louisiana is #fac1dec2 in ,massachusetts1 #d1cii1hja4 ,the value of school property in ,louisiana is #gjj1jjj2 in ,massachusetts you cannot estimate it2 it is not estimated4 ,you say ,louisiana is not doing anything for her children as compared with ,massachusetts4 ,true2 but carry the comparison farther4 ,the whole taxable property of ,louisiana is not #aej1jjj1jjj2 and the whole taxable property of ,massachusetts is #a1ejj1jjj1jjj4 ,the debt of ,louisiana is about #af1jjj1jjj2 your debt1 deducting the sinking fund1 is #ba1jjj1jjj4 ,the amount raised by taxes in ,louisiana is half that raised in ,massachusetts4 ,you pay #c cents state tax on every #ajj1 and ,louisiana pays #fj cents4 ,have you1 paying #c cents1 the face to ask her to increase her #fj cents1 when this evil at the ,south springs out of a national sin and involves a national peril8 ,not one million of the ,southern population are in cities4 ,the problem is one of educational facilities in poor sparsely settled agricultural districts4 ,the ,south unquestionably needs a different spirit in educational matters2 but even with the best spirit1 it needs national aid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,thurston4 ,,mr4 ,,president ,,and ,,friends3 ,we have six and a quarter millions of ,freedmen at the ,south and three-quarters of a million at the ,north4 ,they belong to a strong and prolific race that does not waste at the contact of civilization1 neither does it waste under oppression4 ,they numbered but four millions in #ahfj1 and have increased #ee per cent4 in the past twenty years4 ,since #ahgj1 if the statistics are correct1 they have increased #cc per cent4 ,if this rate of increase goes on at #ee per cent4 for twenty years1 in #aijj1 which many of us expect to see1 they will be nearly ten millions2 and if the increase of the last ten years continues1 they will be more than eleven millions4 ,it becomes1 then1 a matter of exceeding moment for us1 as a nation1 to consider their condition and their future4 ,several things are at least now clear3 that for a long series of generations they are to remain a distinct people4 ,they will not amalgamate so much at the ,south1 ,dr4 ,haygood and others say1 as they did before the war4 ,the other elements that come to us from abroad--the ,german1 the ,celtic and all--we expect soon to be lost1 and they will not retain their individuality2 but this race will for generations remain a distinct colored race2 so that it becomes a problem of peculiar difficulty to deal with them4 ,we may think we are strong enough to throw them off4 ,we cannot4 ,god ,almighty is on their side1 and with the welfare of these growing millions our welfare is interlocked4 ,again1 they will remain1 too1 doubtless1 at the ,south4 ,we thought that they might scatter over the ,north4 ,the failure of the migration to the ,north last year does not favor that theory4 ,what is to bring them up to a ,christian civilization8 ,we all say at once a ,christian education4 ,there are #gjj1jjj in their common schools4 ,i will simply give the outlines as to the higher schools4 ,of higher schools there are #de1 scattered in different parts of the ,south2 #db normal schools1 four of them state institutions1 the rest under the auspices of religious organizations like this4 ,there are #ba colleges1 #ba schools of theology1 four of medicine and three of law4 ,that sounds well2 but it would be wise to ask what these colleges are1 scattered over the ,south4 ,i asked an officer of one of these institutions this afternoon1 8,is ,talladega a college8 ,it was referred to as such1 but was not reported by the ,commissioner of ,education in #ahgi as a college40 8,o yes1 it is a chartered institution1 and soon they expect to have a college curriculum40 ,many of these #ba colleges at the ,south are much in the same condition4 ,they are high and normal schools1 with possibly a theological school1 which1 however1 is not as high as a college class4 ,now the question is1 what are we to do with them8--what are we expecting to accomplish by them8 ,several things are manifest4 ,first1 that this higher education at the ,south is to be dependent upon benevolence for its continuance and success4 ,nor is this any exception to the case of higher education at the ,north4 ,we little realize that all our colleges have been founded by benevolent men1 and have been continued in their endowments by benevolent men4 ,we little realize that our young men who attend our colleges do not pay for their education1 in many cases not one-half of the expense of it4 ,secondly1 it is manifest that this work must be very largely a denominational work4 ,now this morning we had a presentation of what it would be well for us to have at the ,south--denominational unity4 ,that cannot be4 ,men will not work upon any principle of that kind4 ,if ever there was a time when we might say we had a clean slate1 we had that time when we began our work4 ,all united in support of this ,association2 but very soon we found our ,baptist friends1 our ,methodist friends1 our ,presbyterian friends and our ,episcopal friends withdrawing4 ,nor could we complain4 ,the ,baptists had thousands of colored people in their churches there and the ,methodists had hundreds4 ,to-day the ,baptists report #hjj1jjj in their colored churches1 and the ,methodists report #dab1jjj4 ,these colored churches said to them1 8,you must educate ministers for us20 and hence they have established their schools and higher schools4 ,the ,presbyterians had churches among the whites1 and those churches1 waking up1 said1 8,you must help us in our work for the colored people20 and so they went into the work4 ,again1 the question is asked1 why so many of these higher educational institutions8--why so many colleges8--why need of anything higher than the normal and high school8 ,and this question is asked by people who have given largely for this work and who love it4 ,now what is the object--to educate all the colored people in colleges8 ,no2 but to educate those who have a desire for it and a profound capacity for it4 ,we have graduated probably less than five hundred from all the colleges at the ,south so far1 so there isn't much danger of an over-supply at present of teachers and preachers4 ,but isn't there need of a revision of our idea of this whole matter of what the negro is to be8 ,let us not make at present an ideal1 but ask rather what we can do for and with the negro2 and as we do this1 let us remember what material we have to work with1 and how he has been educated by two hundred years of slavery4 ,in the first place1 where did he come from8 ,not from ,northern ,africa2 not from ,southern ,africa2 but from the negro belt of ,africa where is found the most degraded condition of the human race on the face of the globe4 ,he has been educated two hundred years in slavery1 and not without influence upon his mental make-up4 ,the day that the first colored regiment went from ,boston in the war to the front1 there was a convention of anti-slavery friends in ,music ,hall4 ,there had been very severe criticism upon our ,gov4 ,andrews because he had not put more black officers in that regiment4 ,as ,frederick ,douglass was about leaving the hall1 they called him back4 ,he stood with his crumpled hat and leaned upon a chair1 and talked more sense in five minutes than his white brethren had in all those hours4 ,he said3 8,gentlemen1 ,i have as much interest in that regiment as any one here1 for ,i have two sons in it2 but ,i am glad that ,gov4 ,andrews has not put more black officers into it4 ,here you have educated us for two hundred years for the position of servants4 ,you have taught us that we could not guide our own steps1 much less rule our fellow-men4 ,you have wrought into the very fibre of our being a servile spirit1 so that we are not fit for rule4 ,all ,i ask is that when a man proves his capacity to rule1 then he shall have an opportunity40 ,now1 ,i say1 in reference to the negro1 let us see what we can do with him without reference to an ideal4 ,let us not only remove his restrictions1 so that he can rise all that his upward force will impel him to rise1 but put into him the mighty forces of a ,christian education for forty or fifty years--several generations1 in fact--and then see what we can make of the negro4 ,especially do we need this higher education in order that we may train preachers4 ,we do not want to send a man with an imperfect education as a missionary to ,africa4 ,why should we send to their black brethren in this country men imperfectly educated as preachers to them8 ,they1 surrounded as they are by all the stimulating influences of our modern civilization1 need all of this higher education which we can possibly induce them to take on4 ,doing this for a series of years1 we may at last realize the triumph of ,christianity among them4 ,the greatest problem of ,christianity which our generation sees is the question how these two races1 so linked together1 shall treat each other2 but ,i believe that the time is to come when we shall see them living together in perfect harmony2 when we shall see the blacks supplying their peculiar elements to a higher civilization1 and we1 the white race1 shall have risen to a position exercising a true ,christian spirit1 which1 without the negro linked with us1 we never shall find2 and then shall we see the triumph of ,christianity dealing with this now dark problem1 but then showing the glory of a grand success4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,christian ,,education4 ,,prof4 ,,cyrus ,,northrop4 ,great battles sometimes settle the fate of a country1 and transfer in a day whole provinces from one dominion to another4 ,there are no such decisive battles in the struggle for the intellectual and moral elevation of man4 ,by no stroke of policy and by no combination of forces can you revolutionize the individual character of a whole people at once4 ,it happens occasionally1 however1 in the contest between good and evil1 that some convulsion occurs which in its influence on the mental and moral condition of a whole people is hardly less decisive than those political contests by which provinces are transferred from the control of one nation to that of another4 ,such a convulsion was our late civil war4 ,it left the ,states where it found them1 parts of the ,union4 ,it left all races morally and intellectually where it found them4 ,but for the colored people of the ,south it had swept away in every direction1 from zenith to horizon1 the impenetrable clouds of more than ,egyptian darkness which had brooded over them1 and it had made it possible for the light of the sun to reach even these slaves4 ,then1 indeed1 the people which sat in darkness saw a great light1 and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death1 to them did light spring up4 ,the civil war made it possible for us to educate and ,christianize the colored race at the ,south4 ,it remained for us to take up the burden which the providence of ,god had laid upon us1 and to do what we could to lift up these people to our level of civilization4 ,but need this education be ,christian education8 ,i answer emphatically1 yes4 ,the world undoubtedly is making great progress in thought1 in discovery1 in invention4 ,more and more the dominion of nature is being conquered and her methods understood4 ,education is not the same as it was a century ago4 ,even religion is not to us quite the same that it was to our fathers4 ,but whatever discoveries may be made or whatever progress attained1 there are some things which the world can never advance so far as to be able to do without1 and ,i but voice the sentiment of this audience when ,i say that one of these is ,christianity4 ,and now who are these that in our ,southern ,states are stretching forth their hands and begging us to come over and help them8 ,they are those whose minds and hearts are not pre-occupied1 but like those of children1 receptive1 ready for the seed which may be sown1 and promising1 if good seed is sown1 a bountiful harvest at no distant day4 ,they are placed1 in the providence of ,god1 at our very door1 and are made a part of the governing force of this great republic4 ,for them ,christian education cannot be secured through the family1 for there is little ,christian family life2 the father and the mother are as ignorant as the child2 all are children4 ,it cannot be secured through the ,state1 for the ,state has no business to teach religion as these millions need to have it taught4 ,it can be secured only through organized charity--by the help of such agencies as the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,what the fathers and mothers of ,new ,england have done for the ,christian education of their children1 the ,american ,missionary ,association must do for the ,south4 ,i have emphasized the word ,christian as ,i have spoken of ,christian education4 ,let me not in any less degree emphasize education4 ,matthew ,arnold is not far wrong when he says that the object of religion is conduct1 and that conduct is three-fourths of life4 ,it is simply doing what we ought4 ,but one of the things which a man ought to do is to make the most of himself as a power for good in the world1 and that he cannot do without education4 ,man1 without education1 is a clumsy machine4 ,the educated man is force which drives machines4 ,this force1 if uncontrolled1 becomes destructive4 ,the educated man1 without principles1 is more dangerous than the uneducated4 ,the latter may become at the worst a brute2 it takes the former to be a demon4 ,but we do not on this account think less of education2 we only insist that the force it generates shall be controlled by ,christian principle4 ,thus controlled it is always beneficent1 like fire and water and air1 which1 nevertheless1 when uncontrolled1 may become agents of the most fearful destruction4 ,the necessity for ,christian education at the ,south may be looked at and clearly seen from two different points of view4 ,to the ,christian1 these millions of the ,south are human beings1 for whom ,christ died and to whom ,he has commanded us to carry the ,gospel4 ,properly developed1 intellectually1 morally and spiritually1 they will be a part of the ,kingdom of ,god1 and will become powerfully influential in establishing that kingdom throughout the world4 ,they are accessible1 eager for knowledge1 ready to accept the truths of ,christianity1 peculiarly impressible1 lacking stability only because undeveloped1 and they offer to us an assured hope of a more complete1 immediate and glorious harvest than seems likely to be gathered in any other part of the world4 ,nowhere else on the round globe will your money or your efforts bring such returns as they will at the ,south4 ,you have not to contend with an impregnable hostile faith1 as among the ,mohammedans or ,buddhists4 ,you have only to lift the clouds of ignorance1 and to overcome the natural depravity of man--a depravity greater1 perhaps1 than in some other places1 but on that very account more easily recognized1 felt and repented of4 ,nor can the necessity for ,christian education at the ,south appear less imperative to the patriot4 ,there is no element so dangerous to the stability of the republic as ignorance and its associated lack of principle4 ,it is by votes that rulers are elected1 laws made and the country governed4 ,just so long as we have a large element of ignorance in the republic1 whose votes can be bought at the caucus or at the polls1 will the most unscrupulous men rise to prominence in our politics1 for they are the only men who will utilize this ignorance4 ,and now what of the future8 ,we have tried all sorts of reconstruction measures with the ,south and all kinds of policies with the ,south1 and all have proved in a greater or less degree failures4 ,they stand as monuments of our lack of the keenest foresight4 ,the best reconstruction measure which we can now adopt is to fill the treasury of the ,american ,missionary ,association full to overflowing1 that it may carry forward at once and triumphantly this work of ,christian education in the ,south4 ,what it has done is sufficient assurance of what it will do1 if the means are placed in its hands4 ,it cannot establish throughout the ,south a common school system like that which blesses the ,north2 it cannot carry education to every cabin in the ,south1 nor open college halls1 free of expense1 to all who may desire a liberal education2 but it can and will qualify large numbers of these people to carry education and ,christianity to the rest2 and that1 after all1 is the best thing possible1 for no lesson is more needed by these people than that of self-reliance4 ,teach them to take care of themselves in the best way1 and we shall have done for them the best that is possible4 ,the day will not be far distant1 then1 when the common schools of the ,south will provide education for the white and the black alike as at the ,north1 and when the church of ,god in the ,south shall hear the voice of ,god saying1 8,all souls are mine4 ,take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,higher ,,education4 ,,pres4 ,e4 ,a4 ,,ware4 ,this paper1 recognizing the importance of normal and industrial education1 claims for higher education simply the place accorded to it in other sections in the educational system for the ,south4 ,its right to that place is widely questioned4 ,the ,journal of ,education recently had the following3 8,in spite of the youthfulness of colored education1 some of their schools are graced with a reprint of a ,northern ,college curriculum4 ,what nine-tenths of the pupils in these classes want of ,latin and ,greek1 fails of our comprehension40 ,we are constantly hearing about 8educating them out of their place40 ,it will hardly be claimed that the colored man cannot be educated1 when several have graduated with honor from ,northern colleges2 when one has passed the fiery ordeal of ,west ,point2 when one1 below the middle of a class of six in a ,southern school1 graduated above the middle of a class of thirty at ,andover ,seminary2 and when a ,southern examining board say3 8,we were impressed with the fact that the colored people1 whether of pure or mixed blood1 can receive the education usually given in such schools40 ,perhaps the frequent remark about 8their place0 means that they ought not to be educated4 ,now and then we see what might have been a good barber spoiled by the attempt to make him a minister1 and a hasty generalization leads many to say3 8,they1 instead of he1 ought not to be educated40 ,allowing for this folly1 this talk about 8their place0 raises several questions4 ,who determines and assigns the place for six millions of ,american citizens8 ,who will keep them in their assigned places8 ,are our ,declaration of ,independence and ,constitution 8glittering generalities80 ,are the life and teachings of ,christ a vain thing8 ,pres4 ,woolsey thanked ,god for the war to rid us of slavery before it had so sapped the virtue of the whole people that we should not be worth saving4 ,surely ,he sent it none too soon4 ,how few are color-blind2 how many are color-blinded6 ,higher education is needed because time is required for the mental1 and especially the moral1 development and furnishing of pupils1 who neither inherit nor receive from home and church such furnishing4 ,it is needed to continue the work to which it has already contributed so much1 of the adjustment of the former owner and property to their new relations of brother and man1 of fellow-citizens4 ,the owner could not see the citizen till the man was developed4 ,he needs higher education that he may take some part1 other than with pick and shovel in1 and may have his share of1 the rich benefits of the development of the vast resources of the ,south4 ,again1 it is often asked1 8,would it not be well for the negro to keep out of politics80 ,would it not be well for ,niagara to run up-hill8 ,he has the ballot1 and the duty presses not simply to fit him to read it1 but to furnish leaders who will teach him the sacredness of that ballot2 who will teach him that the interests of labor and capital are one2 the duty of debt paying1 personal1 state and national2 the sacredness of law and the duty to obey it2 that the ,united ,states is a nation and not a confederacy4 ,the law and medicine should be open to him4 ,the need of thoroughly educated physicians for these people can hardly be overestimated1 and is second only1 if indeed it be second1 to the need of ministers4 ,higher education should be open to him1 that here1 if nowhere else1 he may feel that he is like other people2 that there may be one door that is not forever shut in his face with the words1 8,this is for white folks40 ,finally1 an educated ministry is needed4 ,pres4 ,gillman says3 8,there is no greater curse to a community than an ignorant ministry40 ,dr4 ,haygood1 in 8,our ,brother in ,black10 says3 8,the hope of their race in this country is largely in its pulpit4 ,how urgent the need1 how sacred the duty1 of preparing those whom ,god has called to preach to this people60 ,the few ministers who have received partial training1 and others who are making heroic efforts at self-culture that they may aid their people1 are worthy of all praise2 but their number is pitifully small1 serving by their light to make the surrounding darkness visible and to show the need of the best training4 ,this is needed to remove the mass of crude notions and superstitions that almost hide the truth4 ,it is often harder to bring a benighted ,christian than a heathen to the light4 ,it is needed to remove the bitter sectarianism which usurps the place of the ,gospel4 ,this feeding upon ignorance can only be removed by those whose minds and hearts1 broadened by generous culture1 hold the great common truths of ,christianity superior to the petty differences of sects4 ,it is needed to ward off skepticism1 which is to be feared from two sources3 the memory of the injuries of centuries1 and the continued experience of many evils1 even at the hands of professed ,christians2 and1 second1 the revelation1 as they grow in knowledge1 of the emptiness of what is preached as religion and the ignorance and ofttimes wickedness of their ministers leading them to loss of respect1 to ridicule and to unbelief4 ,there is abundant testimony to the growth of these evils4 ,what machinery is needed8 ,in the towns1 the three months' free school should be so supplemented as to continue nine months4 ,in the larger towns and cities there should be high and preparatory schools1 with normal classes4 ,at convenient points should be boarding schools1 with preparatory1 normal and industrial instruction4 ,then1 supported and fed by1 and inspiring all below1 should be the college1 the school of higher education4 ,justice to a race long oppressed1 obligation to meet more than half way those states that make generous appropriations to this end1 and safety to the nation1 demand that these should be liberally furnished with such buildings and grounds as health and comfort require1 with libraries and apparatus equal to the best1 and an efficient corps of teachers1 so paid that their best energies may be given to instruction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,church ,,work4 ,your ,committee on that part of the ,general ,survey referring to ,church work1 report that they consider it most encouraging and inspiring4 ,seventy-eight churches formed2 #e1dgb members admitted2 #h1acj scholars in ,sabbath-schools6 ,but the great question is1 have we a spirit of power and development in all these organizations8 for if they are dead they are worthless4 ,significant facts give us the answer4 ,five churches were added the past year2 five hundred and eleven members were added to the churches2 one thousand eight hundred scholars to the ,sabbath-school2 seven church buildings erected1 or in the process of erection--one the gift of ,mr4 ,gregory 7upon whom be peace7--two parsonages and two ,president's houses4 ,one-third of these churches have had revivals indicating future enlargement4 ,there are seven ,state ,conferences2 ,woman's ,home ,missionary ,societies in active work2 ,sabbath-school ,conventions2 female missionaries sent forth into the houses of the poor1 eleven commissioned the past year1 and a revolutionized public sentiment set in so that ,southern governors1 generals1 editors1 have generously recognized the value of the work4 ,now it has sometimes been questioned whether a ,congregational organization1 working on thoroughly ,congregational principles1 could so well plant the ,christian church among an ignorant1 degraded people1 needing guidance1 oversight1 care1 government4 ,but how did the primitive churches in apostolic days succeed8 ,they were all ,congregational1 and for the most part composed of ignorant people4 ,did they have apostles to guide them8 ,so have we4 ,dr4 ,strieby and his associates and helpers are successors to the apostles in this work4 ,they have the oversight1 and the churches have freedom of expansion and growth4 ,what is the path1 let us inquire1 through which a feeble church or churches may safely become strong8 ,it is1 it must be1 through self-government1 self-development and self-support4 ,as to the first1 churches composed of illiterate ,freedmen are1 doubtless1 unfit to govern themselves4 ,but how shall they ever become fit8 ,how shall they learn1 except by trial1 failure and correction under kind but faithful leadership8 ,we have given our colored citizens the largest civil and political freedom1 with no guidance but that of unscrupulous politicians4 ,shall we now say that they cannot be trusted in the church8--that they can be free citizens in the republic1 with all the duties1 trusts and responsibilities of citizenship1 but that they cannot be ,freedmen in the republic of ,god8 ,our church organization is in perfect harmony with the genius of our ,government1 and is the best possible school of good citizenship4 ,it teaches liberty1 regulated by law and love4 ,but the second essential principle of ,congregationalism1 self-development1 is no less eminent4 ,this necessitates organization and co-operation4 ,each church cultivates its own field1 but its field expands into all the world4 ,it looks over into the ,dark ,continent1 and sends forth some of its young men and women to win1 perchance1 the martyr's crown4 ,every such effort is development1 strength4 ,it brings in health and power4 ,the working church alone grows and thrives4 ,this is the nature of the ,congregational church4 ,without this element of self-development into active ,christian graces1 the church1 of whatever material formed1 will remain in the weak and callow state of permanent and persistent chickenhood1 and in cold nights it must be wrapped in cotton wool to keep it from dying4 ,now these churches of our ,association have gone vigorously to work4 ,they have done well4 ,the facts enumerated in the ,report1 and to which we have briefly referred1 prove this4 ,let us cheer them and urge them on to greater effort4 ,the whole race will rise just so far as it shall put forth what strength it has4 ,the third great requisite of the ,congregational church is self-support4 ,from the way in which missionary churches come into existence1 this is apt to be the most difficult principle to apply4 ,they are weak at the beginning and must be aided4 ,their real wants are pressing--a pastor1 church building1 school-house1 school4 ,but all these are so precious to them1 to their children and their posterity1 that great exertion and self-denial on their part should be called forth4 ,no one should be admitted to church membership who will not do something for these great objects4 ,it is safe to follow the teachings of ,paul to the poor ,corinthians4 ,let it be well understood that church membership in a ,congregational church means the true ,christian manhood of self-support4 ,let them be taught systematic giving4 ,this will consecrate all duties and all true enterprise4 ,this will bind the church and the pastor together1 and will help them to have the spirit of ,him who pronounced it more blessed to give than to receive4 ,this will purify the church4 ,give alms of such things as ye have1 and behold all things shall be clean unto you4 ,as in the foreign field1 so in the home1 with all due safeguards1 let us raise the banner1 self-government1 self-development1 self-support4 ,this is true ,congregationalism and true ,christianity4--,cyrus ,hamlin1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,pres4 ,,cyrus ,,hamlin4 ,in the few remarks1 ,mr4 ,chairman1 which ,i have to make on this most important subject1 ,i shall draw chiefly from my missionary experience of thirty-five years in the ,turkish empire1 with those feeble churches formed among a people oppressed1 persecuted1 despised and ignorant1 and yet churches that have come up in many cases from great weakness and great doubt into noble strength and manhood4 ,this may be received as a general fact of the result of church organization4 ,gather from these poor materials churches enough to be trusted to their own self-government and care3 organize the church2 give to that church a native pastor1 and place upon it all the responsibilities of ,christian growth and ,christian work4 ,you give it1 of course1 the ,bible1 and 8the entrance of ,his word giveth light2 it giveth understanding unto the simple40 ,with the ,bible always comes1 and must come1 the common school2 and from the common school the high school2 and from the high school the college2 and from the college the professional school2 and thus you have that necessary provision for preparing the native pastorate1 and every church must have its pastor from its own race4 ,i believe1 in the entire field of the ,american ,board1 among all nations and races1 there never has been a single instance of real success and growth of a church except under its native pastor1 a pastor of its own race4 ,and so you have in this ,association the most sacred and solemn duty--duty to the church of ,christ1 duty to the great ,head of the church1 to educate for these churches competent pastors2 and just so far as this great duty is neglected1 our whole work will grow weak and be a failure4 ,i do not think it is possible to emphasize too strongly the necessity of having an educated pastorate from the people of the churches to which the pastors themselves belong--of the same race4 ,the church and the college go together2 you cannot separate them4 ,separate them1 and they will both perish2 unite them1 and they will both succeed2 for wherever you introduce a true evangelic work1 there will be a demand for the very highest education4 ,what a tremendous and almost tragic demonstration of this was the grand effort of the great ,secretary of the ,american ,board1 to confine missionary churches to education in their own tongue--to lay aside all science1 to lay aside all study of languages1 and to confine education to the vernacular of each people6 ,if anybody on this earth could1 by any possibility1 have carried that demonstration to successful result1 it would have been our revered and beloved ,dr4 ,anderson2 but the failure was absolute and terrible4 ,i do not believe there is a missionary now under the ,american ,board1 or under any other ,board1 that will contend for a thus limited education1 a vernacular education1 as sufficient for the pastorate or the ministry of any people1 and especially of an ignorant and degraded people1 where the elevating and educating force must come so largely from the pastor himself4 ,now in these churches in the ,east1 by necessity1 the first pastors were not thus educated4 ,the missionaries were compelled to get themselves such pastors as they could find1 just as the apostles ordained elders in every place4 ,they had to ordain just such elders as they could find1 and the missionaries did the same4 ,but these pastors have all been growing men2 they have all been put into a way of study2 they have all been kept under exciting influences2 and pastors and churches have gone on together4 ,and ,i think1 from my personal knowledge of the pastors of those churches in the ,turkish empire1 that they are a noble1 faithful and progressive company of laborers in the vineyard of our ,lord4 ,it must also be remembered that1 in forming these churches and bringing them forward1 they will commit great errors2 there will be great immoralities breaking out among these church members4 ,i have known such sins committed by church members in whom ,i had had confidence1 that ,i would at the first impulse have immediately expelled them from the churches1 and denied to them all possibility of knowing or having known anything of a true and pure ,christianity2 and yet those same men1 when faithfully and patiently dealt with1 have come to repentance1 have returned to faithful ,christian life in the church1 and ,i have been at the bedside of some of them when they died in faith and joy1 and in hope of a glorious and blessed immortality4 ,now1 ,i have great confidence in these churches which this ,association has formed2 ,i have great confidence in their progress1 in their purification1 in the elevation and competency and energy of the native pastorate2 and it seems to me that this is the very centre1 the fountain source1 of the safe and onward progress of your great work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,africa4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,on ,,foreign ,,work4 ,your ,committee1 to whom is referred that portion of the ,executive ,committee's ,report relating to the ,foreign work of the ,association1 beg leave to report as follows3 ,the experience of the past and ,providential indications of the future seem clearly to call upon this ,association to concentrate their foreign work upon two fields--the ,mendi mission on the ,west coast1 and the proposed ,arthington mission in ,east ,central ,africa1 in the region of the ,sobat ,river4 ,the experience of the ,mendi mission has been a sad history of the sacrifice of many lives1 and of meagre results when measured by that sacrifice1 in any narrow view of the past or present4 ,but when we stretch our gaze into the future1 and think of the 8must needs be10 which is the law of suffering that accomplishes great results1 and lays the foundations of many generations1 the ,mendi mission already justifies its past4 ,it is the key of a future that seems full of promise4 ,it opens the door to a wider and more salubrious region1 reaching back from the malarious coast towards the highlands of the head waters of the ,niger1 and inviting the extension of mission outposts with better conditions of success4 ,meanwhile1 ,good ,hope station1 on ,sherbro island1 is favorably situated as a base of supplies and easy communication with ,sierra ,leone and the civilized world4 ,the past experience of the ,mendi mission has taught some valuable lessons4 #a4 ,that the white missionary cannot be depended on for permanent work1 by reason of the deadly climate4 #b4 ,that the pure black1 of good constitution1 although born in ,america1 can endure the climate1 and is to be the future ,african missionary4 #c4 ,that a competent superintendence is desirable for this ,african work4 #d4 ,that extreme and deliberate care is demanded in the selection of missionaries to ,africa1 in respect both to physical health and thorough character4 #e4 ,that when such selections have been made1 our missionaries should be better equipped and provided for than they have been in the past1 for efficient and progressive work4 ,a false economy has involved too much loss4 ,the supporters of the ,association have only need of intelligent and exact information to see and remedy this defect4 ,a mission steamer for the ,mendi work is greatly needed to save time1 health1 labor1 and in the end1 money4 ,so are other industrial equipments that might be named1 fairly essential to the highest and speediest spiritual results4 ,your ,committee recommend that the ,mendi mission be put in good repair1 that1 any dropped stitches be taken up1 that the things which remain be strengthened1 particularly in respect to its sanitary and industrial basis1 and better conditions for pushing its stations further into the interior4 ,as to the ,arthington mission1 in its connection with the other generous and thoughtful projects of this enthusiastic friend of ,africa1 and in connection also with other ,christian missions1 and particularly that of the ,united ,presbyterians on the ,lower ,nile1 already dotting that ,eastern coast1 we approve of the measures under progress by ,superintendent ,rev4 ,henry ,m4 ,ladd and ,dr4 ,e4 ,e4 ,snow for exploring the ,sobat region1 and getting all possible light on a desirable location and all other matters involved in a wise prosecution of the work proposed4 ,should it prove feasible1 we advise1 as in the case of the ,mendi mission1 a generous equipment1 the providing of a good physical basis1 particularly in the procurement of a steamer of light draft1 adapted to such rivers as the ,sobat and the ,jub4 ,also at no distant day1 the establishment somewhere on ,african soil1 in a salubrious quarter and with favorable contacts with civilization1 of an educational institution for young native ,africans1 combining the best features of the ,lovedale ,school in ,south ,africa1 and the ,hampton ,school in ,virginia4 ,we believe that such a school will be essential to the best development of our future work in ,africa1 not only for the training of native missionaries1 but for the fundamental lessons of industry and self-help that should be woven from the start into a ,christian civilization4 ,it would also prove a stimulus and an outlet for the various gifts of our educated ,freedmen in this country1 and furnish a wise direction to their growing enthusiasm for that ,african work sooner or later to demand them1 when princes shall come out of ,egypt1 and 8,ethiopia10 as ,dr4 ,edward ,blyden renders it1 8shall suddenly stretch out her hands unto ,god40 ,it is also incumbent upon this ,association1 as the peculiar helper of these ,freedmen1 to bend its utmost and untiring efforts to develop in them that prime1 indispensable1 and1 by reason of their past limitations1 sadly deficient prerequisite for missionary success--a thorough character--builded on the only sure foundations--that 8fear of the ,lord0 which is 8the beginning of wisdom10 and the love which fulfills ,his law4 ,as it appears that the foothold of future success for the ,arthington mission will largely depend upon the good-will of the ,egyptian ,government1 it is evident that vigilant care should be taken in all possible ways to secure that good-will1 and the alliance of all moral and diplomatic aids from our own and ,european governments which are interested in projects like that of the 8,international ,association0 for the civilization of ,africa4 ,in making the above suggestions we would not be understood to reflect upon the ,executive ,committee as lacking proper care or enterprise in the pursuance of the ,african work4 ,we are aware of their past limitations1 the sudden exigencies of the civil war1 the vast responsibilities thrown upon them by the emancipation of the slaves1 and that the immediate sympathies of the ,christian public on which the ,association relies for its support have demanded prime attention to the home work2 but now that the logic of events more clearly defines the important relations of the home work to the foreign1 the appeal should be strongly made for such an increase of contributions as shall warrant the ,association to push its work abroad with fresh vigor4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,harding1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,harding4 ,the romance of ,african exploration is rapidly passing by4 ,we must1 in this missionary work1 take into account fully the great and peculiar difficulties in the way--difficulties beginning with the physical geography of that continent1 its lack of bays and harbors1 its generally unnavigable rivers1 choked by sand-bars1 impeded by rapids and cataracts and masses of floating soil2 and then the deadly climate1 the rank and putrescent vegetation1 the fetid odors poisoning the air4 ,will you plunge with me for a few minutes into the ,african forest1 starting with the latest travelers1 ,keith ,johnston1 son of the great geographer1 and ,joseph ,thompson1 a young man of twenty1 a graduate of ,edinburgh ,university and a good botanist and geologist8 ,they plunge into that ,african forest opposite ,zanzibar1 following a path only eighteen inches wide1 for all means of conveyance by beasts of burden--horses1 mules1 camels1 elephants--have failed in that country1 and travelers are forced back upon the narrow foot-paths4 ,the grass1 cane-like1 interwoven with thorny creepers1 is from ten to twenty feet high4 ,they have to cut their way with hatchets and cutlasses1 it is so soon choked by the rank growth4 ,they are drenched with the dew for the first two hours through and through2 then they are scorched by the sun4 ,by and by comes a pouring shower and they are drenched again4 ,at night they lie down in their little shelter tents1 breathing the steamy1 stuffy1 poisoned air2 and before they get #bjj miles1 ,joseph ,thompson1 the young man of twenty1 buries under a mangrove tree his friend ,keith ,johnston4 ,he was only thirty-four1 an athletic fellow1 proud of his ,english training1 of a splendid constitution4 ,but that is a deadly climate4 ,young ,thompson staggers along1 often falling in his tracks4 ,his men have to lift him up and he has to hold on to their belts2 but1 after fourteen months and fifteen hundred miles of travel1 only losing one man1 no plundering1 no desertions1 not a shot fired offensive or defensive1 not a drop of blood shed1 though under the most intense provocations1 he brings all his men back to ,zanzibar--a hearty1 merry1 jovial set4 ,this gives you a little idea of the inevitable difficulties of ,african exploration4 ,as to the encouragements1 the first one ,i think of 7and it is a great one7 is that our ,lord1 who leads us to victory1 has made ,africa and told us to go there4 ,the next is the testimony of our latest travelers to the grand success of mission work4 ,thompson says that while the ,belgian expeditions have failed1 while the stations of the ,international ,association have failed because of the lack of character in the men who have led them1 the ,livingstonian mission1 the ,free ,church of ,scotland mission1 the ,london ,missionary ,society's mission1 and various other missions have all proved solid civilizing centres4 ,desolating wars have ceased2 the slave trade in their region is ended2 the moral tone of the natives has been evidently already lifted up4 ,but we must have in this missionary work more regard to a physical basis4 ,it is wrong1 brethren1 to send such men as ,henry ,m4 ,ladd and ,edward ,p4 ,smith1 and let them travel in open boats1 exposed with their native boatmen to almost certain death4 ,the fact is that the sentinel of death stands five miles out from the coast of ,africa to warn almost every traveler not to sleep on its shores in such a region as that4 ,if we send out these noble men who hazard their lives for this work1 we must give them these steamers--the 8,john ,brown0 steamer at the ,mendi mission1 and the 8,charles ,sumner0 steamer at the ,nile ,basin station4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,geo4 ,s4 ,,dickerman4 ,as we review the past1 we delight to see how the various movements1 which1 at the time1 seem to be wholly disconnected1 move on in converging lines1 and how1 finally1 those movements come together to produce some sublime result4 ,during this centennial period we have been looking back over the past history of our nation1 and at the same time over the past history of ,europe1 and we have found these two histories blended all the way through4 ,from the time of the ,crusades1 and the awakening of the spirit of enterprise1 and the creating of that great restlessness throughout ,europe which led to the spirit of exploration and discovery1 down through the subsequent periods1 during which our country was colonized1 we see everywhere how movements on this side of the water and movements on the other side were playing together4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,and now we stand at another period1 and we see two continents1 lying side by side across the same ocean4 ,we have heard ,god's voice saying1 8,let my people go10 and this has been followed by ,god's providence breaking off the fetters of an oppressed race and bidding them go forth into a land of freedom4 ,and we have seen1 in connection with this1 ,god calling ,his people to labor and lift up these brethren to a higher intelligence1 to a purer1 faith1 to a nobler aspiration1 and to a grander enterprise2 and we have seen these efforts fruiting most wonderfully4 ,and all the time that this has been going on1 away off there across the ocean1 in that new continent hitherto unexplored1 ,baker1 ,livingstone and ,stanley1 with untiring industry1 have been prosecuting their work2 and 8the great dark continent0 is being made a light continent in one respect--light to our knowledge1 only that something greater and grander may follow4 ,are these lines parallel--the lines of ,god's movements in ,america and the lines of ,god's movements in ,africa8 ,they converge2 and1 in the distance1 these lines on which ,god is moving will come to their focus1 and we shall see there on ,african soil sublime results1 of which these here on ,american soil give to us but the prophecy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,upper ,,nile ,,basin4 ,,col4 ,h4 ,g4 ,,prout1 ,,late ,,of ,,the ,,kehdive',s ,,staff1 ,,egypt4 ,in what ,i have to say ,i shall not try to give any large picture of ,african travel or life2 ,i shall try only to give some accurate notions of a limited area4 ,the ,soudan is not a definite geographical term4 ,bellad es ,soudan is the country of the blacks1 and is merely a general term like ,central ,africa4 ,an ,egyptian ,governor-,general of the ,soudan rules a vast territory1 extending in ,gordon's time from the ,tropic of ,cancer on the north to near the equator on the south1 about #a1fdj miles2 and from the ,red ,sea on the east to the western boundary of ,darfour1 averaging about #ffj miles in width4 ,this territory includes ,upper and ,lower ,nubia1 the fertile and little known ,sennaar1 the wastes north of ,abyssinia1 the provinces of ,darfour and ,kordofan1 and the mysterious regions of the ,white ,nile and its affluents4 ,nowhere else in the explored world is there an equal area so uniform in climate and surface4 ,the sad result of this uniformity you see in the condition of the people4 ,in your effort to help the people1 you must fight against these facts of nature4 ,a monotony of savage tribes live in a bad climate1 uniform in its badness2 they inhabit a land which throughout great regions gives no variety of surface4 ,from these conditions they have no escape4 ,i do not say that no great improvement of people so situated is possible2 but ,i do say that man has seldom found himself in a worse position4 ,in the northern zone of the ,soudan1 down to about the twelfth degree of latitude1 the climate has admitted of a feeble development of ,mohammedan civilization2 further south the conditions are desperate4 ,the ,arab officers of the ,khedive1 the ,nubian slave hunters1 the few ,european traders and travelers who have gone as far as ,gondokoro1 the handful of ,american and ,english officers who1 in late years1 have tried to carry law and light into that unhappy country--every man of them would tell you the same story of more or less rapid failure of his own vital powers1 and of the terrible mortality among his comrades4 ,we1 at this distance1 only hear of those who go up the ,nile and come back4 ,one has but to spend a few weeks in ,khartoum to learn a long list of names of men who have gone as far as ,khartoum or ,fashoda1 or the ,sobat or ,lado1 only to come back1 broken in health1 often to die before getting to the sea4 ,let us now glance briefly at the physical geography of the ,nile basin south of ,khartoum4 ,below the tenth degree of latitude1 the steppe country is no longer seen4 ,vast marshes stretch away on either hand1 broken by peninsulas and islands of dry land4 ,for #gij miles this is the character of the immediate valley of the ,white ,nile4 ,between latitudes #e and #f the swamps end and the face of the country becomes more like our own land4 ,from this latitude to the equator is a charmingly diversified country1 with mountains1 valleys1 creeks1 meadows1 and not an extraordinary proportion of swamps4 ,of course1 this region is more healthy than the marshes of the ,white ,nile1 but even it has a trying climate4 ,here the ,nile is a rapid stream1 with numerous wooded and rocky islands and long stretches of rapids and cataracts4 ,the forests are neither so vast nor so dense as we imagine tropical forests to be2 nor do we find here the majestic trees and the luxuriant vegetation of the ,central ,american forests4 ,the herbage grows with wonderful rapidity1 and during the summer months much of the country is covered with grass of amazing height and strength4 ,on the west and south the great swamp basin seems to end at a crest of high land running northwesterly from the ,nile at about latitude #e1 crossing the eighth degree of latitude at #aej or #bjj miles west of the ,nile1 and keeping something the same general direction to the steppes of ,darfour and ,wadai4 ,the eastern limit of the swamp region is even more conjectural than the western1 but we may expect that it will be found within #ajj miles of the ,nile1 and that it is a line running south by west from near the mouth of the ,sobat4 ,the total area of the swamp basin may be #be1jjj square miles4 ,khartoum is the point of rendezvous and departure for all routes into the ,soudan4 ,it may be reached from ,cairo by two principal routes2 one up the ,nile valley1 the other by the ,red ,sea and by caravan to ,berber on the ,nile1 #bej miles north of ,khartoum4 ,the quicker and probably the cheaper route is by the ,red ,sea1 ,suakim and ,berber4 ,the journey by this route1 allowing three days each at ,suakim and ,berber1 may be made in #cb days4 ,by this route there are but two days of hard marching necessary4 ,the rest of the journey can be made at a comfortable pace4 ,both of these routes into the ,soudan are much frequented4 ,special difficulties in getting transportation may operate against one or the other of them at different times4 ,this is something to be decided at ,cairo4 ,khartoum1 the capital of the ,soudan1 is a town of about #cj1jjj people1 with many and fairly good shops1 at which the traveler can procure anything really necessary1 except arms1 ammunition and medicines4 ,at this great ,african city all lines of traffic converge4 ,here boats can be procured1 manned1 provisioned and stored to go up the ,white or ,blue ,nile1 the ,sobat or the ,bahr el ,ghazalle4 ,here camels may be hired and caravans fitted out to go to the ,east or the ,west4 ,from ,khartoum to ,fashoda1 in the tenth degree of latitude1 about #dej miles1 the ,white ,nile is practically ,mohammedan4 ,though the ,shillooks rove considerably north of that point1 they are continually harassed by their enemies1 the ,bagarra ,arabs from ,kordofan and the government tax-gatherers from the ,nile1 and lead a very unsettled life4 ,on the eastern bank of the ,nile1 also1 the ,mohammedan tribes have driven the negroes south of the tenth parallel4 ,south of ,fashoda1 however1 for more than #ajj miles along the west bank of the ,nile1 past the mouth of the ,sobat1 and extending back many miles into the interior1 is the country held by the great tribe of the ,shillooks4 ,their huts in this region are like one vast village4 ,they are a powerful and spirited tribe1 numbering over a million souls1 it is estimated4 ,they have resisted the ,egyptian ,government with tenacity and considerable success4 ,indeed1 ,i cannot say how much of their territory is actually subjugated to-day2 but it is probable the ,egyptian power is not acknowledged far from ,fashoda4 ,the ,shillooks are one of the finest negro tribes of which we know anything4 ,they are prosperous cultivators of the soil and great hunters4 ,although they are greatly exasperated by the wars of the government and the plundering of the passing slave-traders1 it is likely that they could soon be led to feel confidence in men whom they found to be neither officials nor slavers4 ,with their light canoes they cross the river constantly1 hunting1 fishing and raiding on the neighboring ,dinkas and ,nouers4 ,although they have been so badly treated by the government and the traders1 yet they have learned to discriminate among white men1 and it is quite possible that they might be found more open to the influence of ,christian missionaries than the tribes farther away from the route of travel4 ,on the west bank of the ,nile1 north of the ,sobat1 is a branch of the great ,dinka tribe4 ,these people have fared even worse than the ,shillooks at the hands of the slavers1 and have almost abandoned the banks of the streams4 ,they will probably return with the decline of slave-hunting1 if indeed they are not already occupying again their old lands4 ,these are docile and intelligent negroes1 and are favorite slaves4 ,the black regiments of the ,soudan were mostly recruited from the ,dinkas4 ,like the ,shillooks1 the ,dinkas are pure heathen and great cattle-breeders4 ,the immediate southern bank of the ,sobat is now occupied by the ,nouer tribe1 who have also pushed over to the north of that stream and are found far up its course4 ,they go to the west as far as the ,gazelle ,river and their southern limit is ill-defined4 ,they are a very numerous tribe1 but perhaps inferior in intelligence to either the ,shillooks or the ,dinkas1 although ,poncet speaks of them as clean1 well-housed1 and valiant warriors and hunters4 ,the little that we know of the country and people up the ,sobat is not encouraging4 ,the land is flat1 and in the rainy season marshy4 ,on the banks of the streams are forests of the talch acacia4 ,the people have been hostile1 and ,col4 ,gordon withdrew his station from that region before ,i went to the provinces of the ,equator4 ,the mouth of the ,sobat1 and the great east and west reach of the ,nile which flows here east by south for about #ajj miles1 mark the southern limit of the steppe country4 ,south of this one should not rest till he reaches the high lands of the ,bahr el ,gebel1 below latitude #e4 ,the characteristic features of that region are truly charming to one who has crossed the deserts1 steppes and marshes on his way from the ,mediterranean4 ,here are found various tribes of negroes1 the ,bohr1 the ,shir1 the ,madi1 and finally1 to the south1 the great ,wanyoro and ,waganda tribes1 who are thought by ,speke not to be negroes4 ,on the east are the ,latookas and the ,lungo2 on the west the ,niambara4 ,for our purposes it is not necessary to discriminate very closely between them4 ,they are all naked heathen1 given to warfare and pillage1 detesting work1 and certainly not spiritually minded4 ,all of these people had been greatly exasperated by the slave-traders and by the garrison left at ,gondokoro by ,baker4 ,the policy of the slave-traders had been to keep one tribe at war with another1 and by allying themselves with one and the other to get much of the fighting done for them and to carry off the spoils in slaves1 cattle and ivory4 ,the ,egyptian garrison had imitated the traders1 and when ,gordon went up it was practically besieged at ,gondokoro4 ,in two years and a half ,gordon had reduced the garrison at ,gondokoro to a sergeant and ten men1 and his strongest garrison1 that at ,moogi1 was but #ij men4 ,he had established stations for #cjj miles at a day's march1 or less1 apart1 and over much of this distance one courier could pass unharmed4 ,the chiefs about the stations paid tribute of corn and furnished porters readily4 ,on the ,albert ,lake he put a steamer and two large iron life-boats1 which traversed without danger or difficulty the #abe miles of river south of ,dufli4 ,the ,moogi family1 for some distance on the east bank of the river1 was still hostile1 but all the other river people had great confidence in the wonderful white man who had been just and truthful with them4 ,how much of this condition still exists ,i do not know1 but the fact that it did exist in #ahgg shows what missionaries might hope to do there4 ,the negroes of the far ,nile country1 like the ,shillooks1 the ,dinkas1 and the ,nouers below1 breed cattle1 raise their poor breadstuffs and a few vegetables1 and hunt but little4 ,were it not for the tribal wars1 they would seldom suffer for food1 although local famines from drought do occur4 ,like the negroes farther down the ,nile1 they are1 too1 a simple and happy people1 only asking to be let alone4 ,they want nothing that our civilization can give them except bright beads and wire4 ,therefore1 to establish relations of trade with them is not easy4 ,i began by promising to give you somewhat accurate notions of certain limited regions4 ,i find that ,i have been able to skim but hastily over even the area to which ,i have confined myself4 ,i will conclude with a few words about that area as a missionary field4 ,i need not tell you that the poor people are densely ignorant of ,christianity1 as they are of all religion4 ,i need not tell you again that like all savages they make each other as miserable as they can with their poor knowledge of the art and means of war2 or that the slave-traders and the ,khedive's troops are adding daily to their capacity in that way4 ,i hardly need tell you that ,i believe them to be human beings whose happiness might be increased by teaching them peaceful industries and by inducing them to give up idleness and fighting4 ,in short1 there is no doubt that the condition of the people of ,central ,africa and the ,soudan is deplorable1 and there is a possibility that ,christian missionaries might make it better4 ,the question is how and where you can do the most with the means at your command4 ,probably the most can be done by working steadily up the ,nile1 and to moderate distances east and west of the water-way1 with a base in the more healthful regions of the north1 and a steamer to carry people back and forth4 ,i believe it would be a mistake to plant an isolated mission anywhere south of the swamp region4 ,the essential thing is to be able to take a man away as soon as you find that he can no longer resist the fevers1 recruit him in the desert air1 and then hurry him back before he and his people have forgotten each other4 ,if you plant a colony in the heart of ,africa and leave it for three years1 at the end of that time there will probably not be a man of it living--almost certainly he will not be living and working there4 ,but it will take an ordinary man at least three years to fit himself for really good work amongst a people whose language and ways are so new to him4 ,a valuable lesson may be drawn from the experiences of ,gordon and ,baker in the same country4 ,baker isolated himself in ,unyoro1 with no base and no line of communications4 ,he was obliged to burn his baggage and retreat1 with great courage and skill it is true1 but with the absolute waste of his expedition4 ,gordon kept up fortnightly steamers to ,khartoum1 established his little garrisons step by step1 and when he left the ,provinces the power of the government was firmly fixed there4 ,the idea of the ,roman ,catholic mission is excellent so far as it goes4 ,they have built comfortable houses at ,khartoum and ,el ,obeid2 have established schools1 gardens and hospitals2 have a corps of people trained in ,arabic and some of the negro dialects1 and somewhat acclimated1 and--there they stop and sit in their gardens4 ,they are capital financiers1 and their mission will not be apt to break up for want of money or recruits2 but as a means of practical good in ,africa1 it is nearly worthless without a chief of heroic fibre4 ,the scheme that ,i should strongly advise is a sanitarium and school in the north1 with your own steamer on the ,nile2 a mission near the ,sobat2 and if the ,white ,nile is found to keep open1 another at the head of navigation4 ,in the course of years such a scheme would probably make a mark in the countries it reached2 but to succeed it must have at its head a man of courage and brains1 a man of sleepless energy1 a man hungry and thirsty for work1 and he must be a diplomat as well1 for he will be terribly worried on all sides4 ,i have suggested a point near the ,sobat for a mission1 because at that point relations could be established with some of the largest tribes--the ,shillooks1 ,dinkas and ,nouers--and because it is the last point at which a colony could be planted north of the great swamp basin4 ,a colony south of that is liable to be cut off for months and even years1 by the formation of the 8sud0 or grass barrier in the ,nile4 ,undoubtedly the ,sobat region is inferior in land and climate to the high lands south of ,gondokoro2 but1 as ,i have pointed out1 to isolate your mission so that it cannot be rapidly recruited and supplied will be fatal4 ,of this ,i am positive4 ,when you find that the ,soudan authorities are sure or even likely to keep communications open up the ,nile1 then a mission should be sent up to ,gondokoro or farther south4 ,all the dangers in and obstacles to this noble work should be measured and faced1 and the work so organized that a real retreat need never be made4 ,true progress must be very slow1 and you must not look for quick results4 ,when you have done your best you must not be disappointed if you seem to have done very little4 ,to plant a mission on a solid foundation1 with the right chief at its head and the right material at his hand1 will be a great work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,indians4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,your ,committee on work for the ,indians recognize with gratitude the greatly increased general interest in the welfare of the red race1 a change to more encouraging ideas in respect to its future1 and a disposition to make increased efforts for its redemption4 ,they point to the fact that to ,christianize the aborigines was a deep-seated purpose of the ,pilgrim ,fathers1 and that the duty is greater now than ever from the wrongs they have suffered at our hands2 and to the fact that the destruction of buffalo and other game has compelled a large class of ,indians to seek white men's means of support1 thus bringing thousands of their children within reach1 and creating conditions of successful evangelizing work among them far more favorable than they have ever been in the past three centuries4 ,they urge action because civilization is rapidly surrounding them2 many tribes are increasing in numbers1 and the alternative is either ,christian education or a terrible1 bloody1 costly struggle with a powerful race4 ,education or extermination is the issue4 ,they point to the success already achieved in ,indian education at ,fort ,berthold1 ,lake ,superior and ,s'kokomish ,agencies1 by the ,american ,missionary ,association2 to the grand results of missionary effort during the past forty years at the ,west2 and to the hopeful work at ,carlisle and at ,hampton1 as affording every encouragement4 ,they recognize the great need of legislation that shall encourage citizenship among the ,indians and afford means of attaining the conditions of citizenship4 ,your ,committee would therefore recommend for adoption the following resolutions3 ,res4 ,i4 ,that the ,association shall do all in its power for the education of ,indian youth at their own homes1 and in its colored schools at the ,south4 ,res4 ,,ii4 ,that the ,executive ,committee of this ,association be charged with the duty of pressing upon the general public and the ,government their responsibility for the ,indian race1 and by co-operation with other societies1 and by direct effort1 exert its influence at the seat of government in behalf of legislation that shall secure citizenship to the ,indian2 to that end a legal status and education to fit him for it4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,armstrong1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,address ,,of ,,gen4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,armstrong ,the ,indian question is this3 education in its broadest sense or extermination4 ,but at least one white man must fall for every ,indian who is shot1 and it takes as much money to kill one red man as it would to train a hundred of their children in civilized ways4 ,to educate is economy4 ,fifty thousand ,indians receive every day from the ,government a pound and a half of fresh beef1 with flour and coffee and sugar and tobacco to match1 and a fair outfit for all purposes of decent living and good farming1 and the number will increase4 ,an agency warehouse is a huge store filled with utensils of every kind1 from which the ex-warrior draws gratuitously at the agent's discretion4 ,there is no treatment like this in any other country on the globe--a stupendous wholesale charity to a people1 of whom a large portion are thus hired to keep the peace4 ,when first fed they are modest and satisfied1 gradually they get importunate1 and finally become most grievous beggars4 ,there is an unevenness of treatment in this matter1 based chiefly on the varying difficulties of settlement2 the strong and wicked ,sioux getting the maximum in return for their good behavior4 ,the quiet and thrifty ,fort ,berthold ,indians1 who are doing as much1 if not more per capita than any others1 complain2 for ,indians visit much and discuss things2 they have not yet discovered that virtue is its own reward4 ,yet ,i have seen and heard of agencies where1 notwithstanding gratuities1 there has been steady improvement in houses1 crops and herds4 ,good management on the one hand and the good sense of the better class of ,indians on the other hand1 at certain points led to remarkable results2 but a forward move along the whole line of the ,indian population is not to be looked for till they shall have the same motives to industry that other men have and that all men need4 ,agencies1 reservations and rationing are and long will be a necessity1 lessening only as by wise use of public bounty1 and by proper legislation and care1 the ,indians shall approach self-support and citizenship4 ,the persistently indolent should not remain as they are now1 unless the nation has pledged itself1 by solemn treaty1 to feed forever the savage who squats on his haunches and refuses to work4 ,first-class men1 and no others1 can settle the ,indian question4 ,the want of them is the bottom fact in our ,indian troubles4 ,government pays the market price for good beef and sugar and tobacco1 but will not pay for good men4 ,there is only one answer to the question1 8,can a superior man afford to be an ,indian agent80 ,no6 ,there are excellent ,indian agents1 thanks to their noble impulses1 but ,government should buy and not beg what it is bound to get4 ,salaries are from #ijj to #b1bjj1 depending principally upon the number of ,indians under the agent's care4 ,hence1 the more liberally he feeds1 the more the roving bands of the plains seek his care and swell his income4 ,pressing self-support upon them may scatter them and lessen his salary4 ,congress will appropriate hundreds of thousands of dollars to feed ,indians1 millions to fight them1 but will not give the nominal additional sum necessary to induce men who can make a living in any other way to become ,indian agents4 ,we tell the ,indians to take the white man's road and refuse to open it4 ,he needs ideas2 he is capable of citizenship1 but is unfit to hold lands or manage property till he can read and write1 and knows something of our language4 ,of the forty thousand wild children of the plains who are looking to the nation for education1 not over eight thousand are enrolled at school4 ,the average is far less4 ,we are rich and paying all our debts but those to the illiterate of the land1 whose ignorance is not their fault4 ,the little children will one day lead4 ,honor and interest demand a care for their welfare4 ,the point of sending children to ,carlisle and ,hampton should not be that they may learn trades so much as to acquire our language and habits1 and see and comprehend civilization--a temporary sojourn away from their people1 that all interested in them declare to be most desirable4 ,settling ,indians on homesteads1 encouraging mechanic arts1 agriculture1 and especially cattle-raising1 for which this race is peculiarly adapted1 and has1 at the beginning1 in its fitness for it1 an advantage over white men1 turns more than anything else on the wisdom1 skill and perseverance of the agent4 ,it should be said that there has been for the past ten years a steady improvement in the morals of the agencies1 the ideas and habits of ,indians1 and in the character and efficiency of ,government employees4 ,the chief who once said1 8,we can't eat schools and teachers1 and don't want them10 and afterward sent his son to ,hampton1 illustrates the change in ,indian thought that is steadily going on4 ,progressive ,indians have suffered persecutions4 ,to abandon the dance1 put away wild costumes1 and rub the paint off his face1 has cost many an ,indian suffering and loss4 ,the 8white man way0 is not even more fashionable or comfortable1 ridicule being one penalty1 which1 to an ,indian is hard to bear4 ,the quiet missionary work done for the red race during the past forty years is the seed sowing1 of which it and the nation will reap a harvest of good results4 ,the ,indian is a worshiper2 8the blue sky and high bluffs are their church edifice1 the medicine man being their minister40 ,with selfishness and vindictiveness running through their religion1 it contains a recognition of one ,god1 a ,spirit which may be readily expounded by ,christian teaching into an adequate conception of the true ,god4 ,no heathen in the world offer so little to obstruct and so much to encourage the work of the missionary4 ,four years' experience at ,hampton has shown them to be remarkably open to truth1 and not to be in any marked degree revengeful4 ,they are like other people1 their special weakness being physical4 ,christians of ,america have a duty to the ,indian that they have not done4 ,their work in the ,west should be doubled at once4 ,united effort by the great religious societies would do much for the welfare of this race1 through persistent pressure upon ,congress for a proper legal status4 ,in citizenship is the salvation of the ,indian2 wardship tends to emasculate him4 ,the effect of the ballot would be to make a man of him as it did of the negro4 ,to be brought out of his present condition into fitness to vote is a work of the utmost delicacy and difficulty1 but it can be done4 ,they are not dying out--at any rate1 the #ej1jjj ,sioux are not4 ,twenty-eight ,sioux ,indian youth1 who had spent three years at ,hampton1 have just been returned to their ,dakota home4 ,of these young men six are farmers and assist in general work1 getting from fifteen to twenty dollars per month2 two are employed in offices at the same wages2 six are teachers1 getting twenty dollars a month2 two are blacksmiths1 two are shoemakers1 and seven are carpenters1 getting a dollar a day apiece2 all have rations besides4 ,all refused to go to camp life1 and have been provided by the ,government agents with separate buildings1 which they have cleaned and fitted up as best they could4 ,the ,indian ,department has seconded their efforts very heartily4 ,the next twelve months will decide their success4 ,their course will be watched with interest1 as a test of the methods at ,carlisle and ,hampton schools1 and indeed of the ,indian's ability to make good use of our education4 ,the 8,general ,survey0 for the year suggests suitable accommodations for ,indians in some other of our institutions4 ,this would be wise4 ,the #cgj negro youth at ,hampton are a wonderful help to their #ij ,indian schoolmates both directly and indirectly4 ,the mingling of the races has proved a success1 reacting happily on both4 ,increase the good work of your institutions and they will grow in favor with ,god and man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,address ,,of ,,capt4 ,r4 ,h4 ,,pratt4 ,last summer1 at ,carlisle1 during the vacation period1 we put out in good families among the farmers1 #aji of our children4 ,they all came back 7except #bi who are to stay during the winter7 immensely advantaged by it1 speaking better ,english1 with the ,indian diffidence rooted out to a degree that it would have been impossible for us to have accomplished in the same time even at ,carlisle1 which1 from its advantages of contact with civilization1 is immensely superior to any agency school4 ,but we went farther4 ,we found that the boys and girls had made such good impressions among the citizens that many desired them to stay1 and so the ,department was asked to allow a few to remain out for the winter1 and go to the public schools with the white children and live in families4 ,the ,department gave its consent provided it would cost nothing4 ,so arrangements were made1 and we have out for this winter six girls and twenty-three boys4 ,to make the completest success of ,eastern education for the ,indians1 ,i would use ,carlisle as a sort of cleanser1 a bath-tub or something of that kind1 where we could wash them1 clean them up1 get a little understanding of our ways into them1 and some understanding of ,english1 and then scatter them out over the country to come in contact with our life4 ,in that way they would learn best how to become citizens of the ,united ,states4 ,but we can rest it here4 ,whenever ,congress gets ready to educate the ,indian children as a whole1 it will be no difficult matter to determine upon the best methods4 ,three to five thousand scattered around through the ,east would still leave forty-five to forty-seven thousand for the agency schools to work upon4 ,that number in schools through the ,east1 just as your ,association proposes1 sending them into your mission schools1 where they may learn right from our life by comparison with theirs1 by daily contact1 will be found to be the most rapid plan4 ,make them work1 and do not forget to make them fill their places1 which they will gladly do when they find they must4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chinese4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,the ,,committee4 ,although in the ,report of your ,committee very brief mention is made of the work among the ,chinese of this country1 it is not therefore to be inferred that that work is being neglected1 nor that it is failing in the ends for which it was undertaken4 ,rather is there a deepened conviction of its importance and increased encouragement in the prosecution of it2 but in estimating the importance of the work we are not to consider alone the ,chinese in this country1 though they are a body of men of sufficient number to call for all1 and more than all1 that has been done for them4 ,but we look beyond the #ge1jjj ,chinese in ,california to the #djj1jjj1jjj in their own land4 ,the ,christian world through their missionaries1 and by personal intercourse1 are coming to understand this people better than they once did4 ,instead of the race of barbarians1 stupid and immovable1 which they were once thought to be1 those who are well-informed accept the assertion of the ,rev4 ,john ,ross1 who says1 8,they are beyond comparison the most intelligent of non-,christian peoples2 if any race surpasses them in industry1 it is only the ,anglo-,saxon40 99 99 99 99 99 ,but how is the ,christian church to have a part in remodeling the institutions and customs of that vast nation8 ,not by any one method alone1 but one of those which ,providence has opened1 is doubtless to be through the agency of ,chinamen converted here and returning to their homes to preach the ,gospel to their countrymen4 ,it cannot be questioned that there will be a place and need for those trained under the institutions of the ,gospel to go to ,china and plant the same institutions there2 yet the converted ,chinamen can do some things and exert an influence in some directions not open to others4 ,the career of ,yung ,wing furnishes a striking illustration of this4 ,of humble parentage1 converted while at school in this country1 he conceived the plan of bringing ,chinese youth of promise to this country to be educated4 ,he returned to ,china in #ahee1 without money1 without influential friends1 having almost forgotten his own language4 ,for sixteen years he studied1 taught1 served the government1 worked his way upward1 and won to his views officers high in authority4 ,in #ahga his plan was adopted by the government1 #a1ejj1jjj placed at his disposal1 and more than #ajj selected ,chinese youth were brought to this country4 ,though his experiment has now received a check1 and perhaps will not be carried on further1 even its success so far is a standing proof of influence exerted by a ,christianized native such as no other could hope to exert4 ,and not only so1 it has by no means been a failure even in itself considered4 ,the young men who have gone back to ,china from our colleges and schools and ,christian families have gone back far other than they came4 ,it is even a question whether they may not be more to be feared by the ,chinese government as revolutionists than as though they had returned thoroughly converted ,christians4 ,but all will have received new ideas4 ,even those who have been chased through the streets by the hoodlums of ,san ,francisco have learned some new ideas4 ,they can distinguish between a ,christian and a politician and know who are their friends and what makes them so4 ,if in a generation we could send back to ,china a score of ,yung ,wings we should do more for the conversion of ,china than by any other method open to us4 ,the ,report speaks of a plan for establishing a new mission in ,southern ,china as being under consideration4 ,to your ,committee it would seem the part of wisdom to move slowly in this matter so long as the present facilities are offered for labor in this country1 especially as it is uncertain how long these facilities may continue to be enjoyed4 ,thirty different ,mission ,boards are already occupying points in ,china1 and though their #abjj laborers are wholly inadequate for the work of evangelizing ,china1 yet they furnish in their various stations1 points from which laborers may go out1 so that the call would seem to be for men to recruit the missions already established1 rather than for forming new ones4 ,especially will a separate movement of this kind be unnecessary if the converted ,chinese of this country are able to carry out their purpose of establishing a mission of their own in the country back of ,canton4 ,the very fact that they are entertaining such an idea1 and earnestly pressing it1 speaks volumes for the work which this ,society has already accomplished1 and opens a glorious vista for its ever expanding career in the future4 ,your ,committee would propose the following resolution3 ,resolved1 ,that in view of the small demands made upon the treasury of the ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 by the work among the ,chinese1 and the great returns which that work promises1 the constituency of this ,society are under the most solemn obligations to furnish for this branch of its work all the means that can be employed consistently with a wise economy and with due regard for the encouragement of self-help by the converted ,chinese themselves4--,rev4 ,a4 ,e4 ,p4 ,perkins1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,chinese ,,to ,,evangelize ,,china4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,pope ,great good has been done in ,china by missionaries1 but against what odds6 ,now in the free ,united ,states1 the country whose government has been his nation's most generous friend1 and whose people have shown him most personal attention1 the ,chinaman can examine ,christians with a criticism no less keen1 but far surer to be correct4 ,he has had no difficulty in seeing the difference between a 8hoodlum0 and a ,sunday-school teacher4 ,he has even been able to distinguish one reverend from another1 and neither trusted 8brother0 ,kalloch nor distrusted 8brother0 ,pond4 ,the international lesson he here learns as he could not at his home--that a line between the children of light and the children of darkness runs through many families1 through all communities4 ,now let him go back to ,china1 if he must--that is1 if he will6 ,he goes tenfold more potent than any of us to find the way to his countrymen's hearts4 ,i once doubted ,chinese interpreters of our teaching and preaching4 ,on examination ,i came to believe that the ,english language is the best medium for us to tell the ,gospel in--a language born of ,christian civilization1 enlarged by ,christian teaching1 ornamented by ,christian poetry1 matured by the translation of the ,bible1 developed in ,christian education1 carrying in its common phrases less of grossness or corruption1 and more of plain goodness1 than any other tongue4 ,in the day and evening schools1 and in the ,sunday-schools and prayer meetings which this ,association maintains1 the ,chinese interpreter plays a prominent part only for a short time4 ,soon he becomes little needed2 the pupils rapidly gain knowledge of our words3 from step to step they catch gleams of new ideas and find new words not numerous in comparison with their language1 but wonderfully clear and helpful4 ,daily observation is their best interpreter2 the winning tones of ladies and children gain their ear and reach their perception easily2 they get broad1 practical ideas of ,christianity2 and they can be trusted to preach the ,gospel in ,chinese to ,chinese4 ,no process has ever gone so healthfully and hopefully into the ,mongolian heart4 ,we are not concerned to explain the presence of any race in our land1 nor can we parley over the motives which brought them to it4 ,enough for us to see that these ,sauls of ,tarsus come into the 8straight0 way before they leave ,damascus2 and that when their eyes have been opened1 and our forgiving ,saviour has accepted them1 we call them 8brethren10 and kindly protect them from enemies4 ,enough for us to train them in all ,christian truth and service1 until they and we together get an adequate notion of the part they are fitted to take in their nation's conversion4 ,then1 unless our sister society1 the ,american ,board of ,commissioners for ,foreign ,missions1 shall take them into the far-off field for that grand work1 we must formally equip and send them2 for the ,holy ,ghost has said1 8,separate me ,paul and ,barnabas for the work whereunto ,i have called them40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,report ,,of ,,committee ,,on ,,finance4 ,your ,committee on ,finance beg leave to report that they have examined the accounts and have found them duly audited4 ,attached to the auditor's report there is a statement that all the funds which represent permanent property of the ,society have also been examined1 and everything is found in order4 ,there is a balance in the treasury1 ,sept4 #cjth1 #ahha1 of #eah4hj4 ,the management asked last year for an increase of #be per cent4 in the contributions2 the churches gave them an increase of #cj per cent4 ,during the year there have been large improvements made1 and some enlargements of the different educational institutions1 so that they are now able to accommodate a much greater number of students than before2 and if that opportunity is to be embraced1 and these students who are clamoring for an education are to be instructed1 it will require a larger outlay of money than that of the preceding year4 ,on the basis of the heartiness with which the churches complied with the request of last year1 your ,committee recommend that the management ask of the churches this year a little more still2 and that1 as against the #bdf1jjj last year1 the endeavor shall be made to raise #cjj1jjj the present year4 ,the ,committee desire reference to be made to some departments of the work where the need is special1 notably the ,chinese work1 where there is ample room for a hundred-fold more of service4 ,the ,indian work also claims a special contribution1 and the work among the ,africans is always enlarging more and more4 ,i am requested to call attention also1 in this informal way1 to two provisions of the by-laws1 that you may understand how financially secure this ,society is1 and how well-nigh impossible it is that there should1 in any event1 be any loss of its funds1 or that they should be diverted from the use to which they are devoted4 ,on the sixth page of the report1 concerning the ,committee on ,finance1 it says3 ,it shall be the duty of the ,committee on ,finance to examine the accounts of the ,treasurer for the month preceding each regular meeting of the ,executive ,committee1 before such meeting1 taking the books of account kept by him1 and comparing them with his statement of the month's receipts and disbursements and with the vouchers1 and to certify to the correctness of such statement when approved by them4 ,they shall also cause to be kept a book1 wherein shall be set forth in detail1 7#a17 all stocks and bonds owned by the ,association at par1 with a note of the original cost of the same to the ,association2 7#b17 all real estate 7both land and buildings7 and other property of the ,association1 with the full cost of the same2 and 7#c17 all property held on special deposit or in trust4 ,this book shall be at all times open to the inspection of the members of the ,executive ,committee1 and the record shall be so added to and amended1 from time to time1 under the direction of the ,finance ,committee1 as to show at all times a correct statement of the property of the ,association1 and of any special trusts in its hands4 ,the ,committee desire to say on this point that they doubt whether any other benevolent organization can show a more careful guarding of the munificence of the churches2 and on the basis of increased want and of larger opportunities and perfect safety1 they ask that the churches this year put into the hands of the management the sum of #cjj1jjj4--;,e4 ,s4 ,atwood1 ,chairman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,from ,,the ,,address ,,of ,,rev4 ,,geo4 ,f4 ,,stanton4 99 99 99 ,it seems to me1 sir1 that1 looking back over the days that we have been gathered here1 we have been lifted up1 and ,i seem to see to-day the prophecy of a grand increase and acquisition of interest and helpfulness for this work4 ,we have been inspired by these grand addresses2 we have been thrilled by them2 we have been1 as it were1 lifted above our ordinary thought and feeling2 and the work stretches before us in grand and inspiring invitations4 ,but what1 sir1 shall be the return we are to make for all we have here enjoyed8 ,what is to be the result of all this inspiration and uplifting8 ,what is to be the outcome of this anniversary8 ,if we are to go away simply rejoicing that we have been so richly blessed in this fellowship and instruction1 if we are to go away feeling simply glad and grateful1 have we met the claims of the hour8 ,i remember the story of a brother in the ,african ,methodist church1 who1 whenever the contribution box was passed1 was accustomed to shut his eyes and throw his head back and join in with all his zeal and all his lungs in singing the song which was usually sung on that occasion1 8,fly abroad1 thou mighty ,gospel40 ,this went on for several contributions1 and then the deacon who passed the box thought he detected an error in all that praising and singing1 and so he punched the brother quite pointedly with the box and said1 8,just you give something to make it fly60 ,if we merely have the inspiration of this hour and it does not culminate in enlarged gifts for the work1 if there is not a vast enlargement of the work upon the hands of this ,association1 this meeting will have been a failure4 ,it is to redeem it from that failure that this report and these calls are now made4 ,you remember how it was when the war closed--you remember what an inspiration swept over the land1 and what enthusiasm there was at the very mention of the freed slave4 ,you remember how many associations and philanthropic societies1 and even the ,government itself1 were enlisted in the work1 and how their appeals thrilled the multitudes4 ,the picture held before us then was that of a slave1 from whose cramped limbs the broken manacles were falling4 ,we were enthusiastic then4 ,but to-day the same picture of the freed and suffering slave1 and the same appeals1 though with all the worth they had in them then1 are to us only the embellishments of rhetoric4 ,they have lost their force1 and ,i am surprised at this when ,i look upon the vastness of the work2 for1 with all these years of our labor1 the work has outgrown and overmatched our efforts1 and the demands upon us to-day are greater than at the first4 ,every appeal made to justice then is as strong to-day2 every appeal made to philanthropy then is of equal force to-day2 every appeal to our enthusiasm then has in it just as much of power1 even if it is not felt1 to-day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vote ,,of ,,thanks4 ,resolved1 that the hearty thanks of this ,association be extended to the pastors and members of the ,congregational churches1 and to the people of ,worcester1 for their cordial welcome and generous hospitality to the many attendants on this the thirty-fifth annual meeting2 in particular to the ,plymouth ,church and ,society for the use of this elegant house of worship and the convenient rooms connected with it1 and to the pastor1 ,rev4 ,george ,w4 ,phillips1 for his many courteous attentions4 ,this ,association also desires to express its sincere thanks to the large choir1 for its aid in the service of song2 to the press1 for its full reports of the exercises1 and for the liberality of the railroads which have reduced the rates of fare over their lines4 ,while deeply grateful to the various ,committees for their great work in making and executing wise plans for this large gathering1 it wishes to recognize specially the efficient services of the ,rev4 ,chas4 ,w4 ,lamson and ,samuel ,r4 ,heywood1 ,esq41 whose wisdom and executive ability have greatly contributed to the success of this meeting4 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,phillips1 pastor of the church in which the meetings were held1 responded to this resolution in a very felicitous speech4 ,among other things he said3 ,it is evident from the numbers which have been entertained here1 it is evident from the interest which has prevailed in all these assemblies1 that this cause1 represented by the ,american ,missionary ,association1 has taken its place already fairly side by side with all the other great missionary organizations and operations that are under the patronage and direction of our churches4 ,the ,worcester which you visit at this present time is not the ,worcester that was here when this ,society was organized4 ,it is not the city that it was when this ,association held its meeting here something like a score of years ago4 ,from scarcely more than thirty thousand it has grown to be a city of more than sixty thousand people2 and side by side with its growth in population we are happy to assure you--and ,i think you have seen some visible evidence of it--that we have kept pace with our ,christianity1 with our church extension4 ,the best meetings on earth1 all meetings on earth1 must have their end2 and we are come to the last hour of the last great day of this ,american ,missionary ,association feast4 ,we say our good-byes2 we go hence1 each to his church1 his community1 his home4 ,we shall not all of us meet on earth again2 but it is grateful to think that by and by there is to be another meeting--a meeting in which we shall no more plan for the salvation and for the moral purification of this lost world1 in which we shall no more seek to bring men to acknowledge ,jesus ,christ as their ,lord and ,saviour1 because those great words shall have been realized1 8,every knee shall bow and every tongue confess that ,jesus ,christ is ,lord1 to the glory of ,god the ,father40 99 99 99 99 99 ,,echoes ,,of ,,the ,,annual ,,meeting4 ,dr4 ,hartranft's ,sermon4--8,christ stood not for any one race1 but for every race and every nationality1 and whenever we take this cup we pledge ourselves to put aside all barriers of race1 all barriers of nationality40 ,capt4 ,pratt4--8,if you wish ,indians to live like citizens1 you must let them see how citizens live1 must put them for a time in well-bred communities4 ,the kind of citizens that make free use of the revolver1 they know too much of40 8,i have seen a ,western village with eighty-four graves in the grave-yard1 and only one man died a natural death40 ,dr4 ,brastow4--8,diogenes with his lantern has been #bej years hunting among the blacks for a man4 ,let this ,association do its work in one-fifth of that time1 and ,diogenes will put out his lantern and find his man without it40 ,prof4 ,cyrus ,northrop4--8,your uneducated bad man can be no worse than a brute4 ,your educated bad man is a demon4 ,hence1 the education we give the colored man must be ,christian40 8,votes are the impulses that every man gives to the ship of state in the direction of safety or of danger40 ,secretary ,strieby4--8,when diamonds were found in ,africa they might1 in their native condition1 have been carried away by cart-loads without suspecting their value4 ,it was only when they were cut and polished that men knew their true value4 ,the worth of the colored people1 these black diamonds1 cannot be known until they are educated40 ,gen4 ,howard alluded to the ,exposition at ,atlanta where all kinds of wares illustrating the progress of the ,south are now on exhibition1 and then felicitously introduced the ,president of ,atlanta ,university as a ,ware that was having a wonderful effect upon ,southern progress4 ,when ,mr4 ,wright1 the colored man from ,georgia1 was reading his address1 a venerable white man1 more than eighty years of age1 came forward1 and resting his elbows upon the platform at the foot of the desk1 with bowed head listened with rapt attention4 ,the scene was most suggestive1 and in the hands of artist ,rogers would make an admirable companion group for 8,uncle ,tom's ,school40 ,rev4 ,l4 ,dickerman1 referring to the treatment received by the ,chinese on our ,western coast1 exclaimed in a tone of indignation3 8,i don't blame them for wanting their bones sent home when they die40 ,in reply to the complaint that the ,chinese don't assimilate with our people1 he says3 8,don't assimilate8 ,it takes two to assimilate4 ,we stone them1 beat them1 shoot them1 kill them1 and then wonder they don't send straight to ,china for their wives and children to come and enjoy this higher civilization40 ,prest4 ,e4 ,h4 ,fairchild said that he knew of no people who contribute for religious purposes so much in proportion to their means as the colored people ,south4 8,they almost universally take collections every ,sunday1 and often twice or three times a ,sunday4 ,there is no danger of their relapsing into heathenism40 8,this blessed ,association1 444 and the dear old ,american ,board1 and the ,home ,missionary ,society1 thank ,god1 are one to-day1 and all past bitterness is forgotten40 ,prest4 ,e4 ,h4 ,fairchild said that the anti-slavery revolution1 despite the indifference of some churches1 was essentially a religious movement1 aided heartily by many right-minded men outside the church1 but that the few noisy infidels who denounced the ,bible and the church 8had little more to do with the emancipation of the slaves than they now have with the education of the ,freedmen40 ,the ,evening ,gazette1 of ,worcester1 says3 ,the meeting of the ,american ,missionary ,association in this city1 just ended1 has been singularly practical and business-like4 ,we have the authority of an old reporter for saying that he has rarely heard1 where there was so much speaking1 so little uttered that it was irrelevant or commonplace4 ,it is a good gauge of the character and intelligence of the six or eight hundred strangers who have been called to the city during the week by this occasion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,receipts ,,for ,,october1 #ahha4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,maine1 #ehd4fg4 ,augusta4 ,joel ,spalding4 7#e of which for ,indians1 ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,inst47 to const4 ,,rev4 ,,henry ,e4 ,,mott1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,bangor4 ,hammond ,st4 ,cong4 ,ch41 #ajj2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #bj4gc #abj4gc ,bath4 ,central ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ae4jj ,biddeford4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #ai4dh ,blanchard4 ,daniel ,blanchard #aj4jj ,brownville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 by the ,hon4 ,a4 ,h4 ,morrill #ajj4jj ,cumberland ,centre4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 to const4 ,b4 ,b4 ,,sweetser1 ,l4 ,m4 #ej4jj ,fryeburg4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4hj ,gardiner4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #be4jj ,hallowell4 ,south ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #db4bf1 and ,sab4 ,sch41 #be #fg4bf ,hallowell4 ,classical ,academy ,bible ,classes1 by ,a4 ,w4 ,burr1 for ,atlanta ,u4 #be4jj ,hampden4 ,c4 ,e4 ,h4 #a4jj ,norridgewock4 ,bundle of ,c4 ,portland4 ,a4 ,a4 ,steel #ej4jj ,portland4 ,bethel ,ch41 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #ah4jj ,portland4 #b ,bbls4 of ,c41 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 ,south ,bridgton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,south ,freeport4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #ci4dj ,,new ,,hampshire1 #bhj4ji4 ,alstead ,center and ,east ,alstead4 ,cong4 ,churches to const4 ,,rev4 ,,geo4 ,a4 ,,beckwith1 ,l4 ,m4 #cc4jj ,amherst4 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,melendy and ,miss ,blunt1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #cj4jj ,bennington4 ,t4 ,c4 ,whittemore1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #dj4jj ,exeter4 ,abby ,e4 ,mc,intire1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #e4jj ,fitzwilliam4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bj4jj ,hinsdale4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ac4fh ,keene4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bf4ae ,lyndeborough4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4jj ,milford4 ,cong4 ,ch41 bal4 to const4 ,,charles ,l4 ,,wallace1 ,l4 ,m4 #bb4ca ,nashua4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #de4gc ,nashua4 ,addie ,c4 ,kimball1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #e4jj ,new ,ipswich4 ,children's ,fair #h4jj ,new ,market4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #aj4gb2 ,t4 ,h4 ,wiswell1 #aj #bj4gb ,orfordville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #g4ej ,temple4 ,s4 ,w4 ,c4 ,k4 #a4jj ,,vermont1 #ahc4ca4 ,brattleborough4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #dg4ai ,chester4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ca4df ,danville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bh4he ,grand ,isle4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4jj ,marshfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #c4ae ,newport4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4ee ,north ,woodstock4 ,ladies' ,benev4 ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c4 ,putney4 ,cong4 ,ch1 and ,soc41 7#b of which for ,student ,aid7 #aj4dh ,saint ,johnsbury4 ,rev4 ,henry ,fairbanks1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,saint ,johnsbury4 ,east ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #g4jj ,south ,hero4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aa4jj ,swanton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 7ad'l7 #a4jj ,townshend4 ,mrs4 ,anna ,l4 ,rice #e4jj ,west ,randolph4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4jj ,wolcott4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4fc ,,massachusetts1 #h1gfe4hb4 ,amesbury4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ab4jj ,amherst4 ,first ,ch4 #be4jj ,ashby4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aa4bj ,ashland4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #dj4be2 ,miss ,wheeler's ,class1 #e4ej1 for ,student ,aid1 ,talladega ,c4 #de4ge ,auburndale4 ,c4 ,c4 ,burr1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #ajj4jj ,boston4 ,old ,south ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #ej2 8,a ,friend10 #e #ee4jj ,boston4 ,chas4 ,c4 ,barry1 for furnishing room1 ,stone ,hall1 ,talladega ,c4 #ce4jj ,boston4 ,miss ,e4 ,k41 for ,woodbridge1 ,n4,c4 #a4jj ,boston4 ,woman's ,home ,missionary ,association1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,green ,brier1 ,tenn41 #gj2 ,north ,ch4 ,newburyport1 #ce1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,washington1 ,d4,c41 and to const4 ,,mrs4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,babcock1 ,l4 ,m4 #aje4jj ,boxborough4 ,mary ,stoke1 #aj4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #e #ae4jj ,billerica4 ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #g4dj ,bradford4 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,c4 ,boyd1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #ac4jj ,bradford4 #b ,bbls4 of ,c41 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 ,brockton4 8,a ,friend of ,missions10 #cj1 to const4 ,,miss ,,mary ,,alice ,,cole1 ,l4 ,m42 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 7ad'l71 #b #cb4jj ,brookfield4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ge4jj ,brookline4 ,harvard ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gb4jc ,bridgewater4 ,central ,square ,sab4 ,sch41 for furnishing room1 ,talladega ,c4 #be4jj ,east ,bridgewater4 8,a ,friend10 #e2 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,l4 ,g41 #ej #e4ej ,easthampton4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aad4ig ,campello4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #de4ai ,charlton4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #g4jh ,charlestown4 ,winthrop ,ch4 and ,soc4 #hj4bc ,chester4 ,second ,ch4 and ,soc4 #g4jj ,cochituate4 ,s4 ,e4 ,hammond1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,concord4 ,trin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cj4gb ,deerfield4 ,orthodox ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 to const4 ,,dea4 ,,james ,,childs1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,dorchester4 ,miss ,e4 ,t4 #j4ej ,dorchester ,village4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #db4aj ,duxbury4 ,by 8,a4 ,p4 ,h40 for furnishing room1 ,talladega ,c4 #bf4jj ,duxbury4 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,r4 ,h4 #j4ej ,framingham4 ,plymouth ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ac4fe ,framingham4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c4 ,great ,barrington4 ,a4 ,c4 ,t4 #a4jj ,hardwick4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4fe ,harvard4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #dc4be ,holliston4 ,bible ,christians of ,dist4 ,no4 #d #be4jj ,jamaica ,plain4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gab4ib ,jamaica ,plain4 ,central ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for furnishing room1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #be4jj ,lincoln4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta4 ,u4 #bb4jj ,littleton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cf4jj ,lynn4 ,central ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bc4jj ,ludlow4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cj4ec ,malden4 ,sab4 ,sch4 by ,a4 ,e4 ,stevens1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #be4jj ,mansfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ae4ge ,marblehead4 ,hon4 ,j4 ,j4 ,h4 ,gregory1 for buildings1 ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #a1ejj4jj ,medfield4 ,ladies of ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c4 ,milton4 ,e4 ,j4 ,mc,e41 #ej;c42 ,e4 ,g4 ,mc,e41 #ej;c4 #a4jj ,natick4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aab4ib ,north ,amherst4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,levi ,e4 ,,dickinson and ,,howard ,a4 ,,parsons1 ,l4 ,ms4 #fj4jj ,northampton4 8,a ,friend0 #aj4jj ,new ,bedford4 ,trin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ef4dd ,newton4 ,eliot ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #aij4jj ,newton4 ,j4 ,w4 ,davis1 #ej2 ,mrs4 ,mary ,davis and ,miss ,m4 ,j4 ,davis1 #ej2 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,davis1 #aj1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aaj4jj ,newton4 ,nellie ,strong1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c4 #e4jj ,newton ,centre4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,b4 ,furber1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #ajj4jj ,newton ,centre4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #dj4ga ,newtonville4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #gc4eg ,norfolk4 ,w4 ,e4 ,c4 #a4jj ,northborough4 ,evan4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,north ,brookfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ajj4jj ,north ,chelmsford4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,north ,leominster4 ,susan ,f4 ,houghton #e4jj ,north ,somerville4 8,a ,friend0 #a4jj ,norton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #e4jj ,osterville4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,l4 #a4jj ,palmer4 ,second ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ce4ai ,phillipston4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c4 ,pittsfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ej4jj ,randolph4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ib4fj1 and ,sab4 ,sch41 #aj #ajb4fj ,rochester4 ,first ,cong ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ad4jj ,roxbury4 ,immanuel ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ad4cf ,royalston4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ah4ge ,saxonville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cd4jj ,shrewsbury4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,fales #e4jj ,south ,hadley4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ba4jj ,south ,natick4 ,annie ,eliot ,mission ,circle1 ,bundle of ,c41 ,val4 #af4ge1 for ,talladega ,c4 ,springfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #dj4he2 ,south ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bf4je #ff4ij ,stoughton4 ,mrs4 ,b4 ,e4 ,c4 #a4jj ,taunton4 ,union ,cong ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ac4ga ,tewksbury4 ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c41 ,val4 #df4be1 for ,talladega ,c4 ,townsend4 ,ladies' ,benev4 ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c41 ,val4 #ce4ge4 ,upton4 ,l4 ,l4 ,l4 #a4jj ,waltham4 ,trin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ee2 ,isaac ,warren1 #aj #fe4jj ,walpole4 ,orthodox ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #bh4fb2 8,a ,friend10 #e #cc4fb ,wareham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #dh4fb ,watertown4 ,phillips ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,theo4 ,student1 ,talladega ,c4 #ej4jj ,westborough4 ,ladies' ,freedmen's ,mission ,ass'n1 ,bbl4 of ,c41 ,val4 #ca4dj1 for ,wilmington1 ,n4,c41 and #a4ej for freight #a4ej ,westborough4 ,freedmen's ,soc41 ,bbl4 of ,c41 ,val4 #dg4fb1 and #a for freight for ,atlanta1 ,ga4 #a4jj ,west ,chesterfield4 ,mrs4 ,edward ,clark #e4jj ,west ,brookfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #cj4jj ,westfield4 ,c4 ,w4 ,f4 #a4jj ,westford4 ,c4 ,f4 ,keyes #ab4ej ,westhampton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 #ai1 and ,sab4 ,sch41 #ab4eh #ca4eh ,west ,medway4 8,a ,friend0 #e4jj ,westminster4 8,e4 ,a4 ,w40 #aj4jj ,whately4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4fj ,woburn4 8,e4 ,t4 ,f40 for ,talladega1 ,ala4 #b4jj ,worcester4 ,union ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #agj4ej -------------- #e1bhf4ii ,,legacies4 ,brimfield4 ,estate of ,c4 ,solander1 for furnishing room1 ,talladega ,c4 #dj4jj ,millbury4 ,estate of ,asa ,hayden1 by ,d4 ,atwood #ceh4cc ,springfield4 ,estate of ,abigail ,hale1 by ,john ,west1 ,executor #a1jcb4ej ,townsend4 ,estate of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,noah ,ball1 #b ,bbls4 of ,c1 ,val4 #fa4fb4 ,worcester4 ,estate of ,rev4 ,moses ,g4 ,grosvenor1 by ,david ,manning1 ,adm'r4 #b1jch4jj -------------- #h1gee4hb ,,rhode ,,island1 #aji4hj4 ,bristol4 ,mrs4 ,maria ,de ,w4 ,rogers and ,miss ,c4 ,de ,wolf1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #ajj4jj ,westerly4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4hj ,providence4 7,correction71 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 #ej2 ,union ,ch4 #be1 for ,parsonage2 ,ladies of ,central ,ch41 ,communion ,set1 ,value #be1 ack4 in ,nov4 number for ,talladega1 ,ala41 should read for ,florence1 ,ala4 ,,connecticut1 #a1iej4ab4 ,berlin4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4bd ,bridgeport4 ,second ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,tillotson ,c4 ,n4 ,inst4 #be4jj ,burlington4 ,winooski ,av4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #dh4jj ,buckingham4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4be ,cheshire4 8,a ,friend0 #bj4jj ,danielsonville4 8,a ,friend10 #e2 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,s4 ,d41 #fj;c4 #e4fj ,east ,hampton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #dc4be ,easton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #d4bf ,essex4 ,first ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #ae4jj ,farmington4 ,cong4 ,ch4 7#aj of which for ed4 of ,indians1 ,hampton ,n4 and ,a4 ,inst47 #fi4di ,franklin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4ij ,greenwich4 ,william ,brush #ajj4jj ,groton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #h4ae ,guilford4 ,third ,cong4 ,ch4 #ej4be2 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #bb #gb4be ,hanover4 ,ladies1 #b ,barrels of ,c41 by ,e4 ,r4 ,la ,pierre4 ,hartford4 ,,mrs4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,hutchinson1 to const4 herself ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,milford4 ,rev4 ,geo4 ,h4 ,griffin1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,new ,britain4 ,first ,ch4 of ,christ #acf4jc ,new ,haven4 ,davenport ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch4 for furnishing a room1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #be4jj ,new ,haven4 8,a ,friend0 #aj4jj ,norwich4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,g4 ,le1 for ,kansas ,refugees and to const4 ,,george ,d4 ,,coit1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,norwich4 ,buckingham ,sab4 ,sch4 #be4jj ,norwich ,town4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,a4 ,williams1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #ej4jj ,plainfield4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc41 to const4 ,,george ,i4 ,,favor1 ,l4 ,m4 #cd4de ,poquonock4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4dc ,stamford4 8,earnest ,workers0 in ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for furnishing1 ,tougaloo ,u4 #ajj4jj ,stonington4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #ajj4jj ,terryville4 ,elizur ,fenn and ,mrs4 ,elizur ,fenn1 #e ea4 #aj4jj ,vernon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ca4if ,watertown4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #df4ji ,westport4 ,amasa ,warren #e4jj -------------- #a1aaj4ce ,,legacies4 ,new ,milford4 ,estate of ,jennett ,force1 by ,william ,roberts1 ,ex4 #gci4gg ,simsbury4 ,estate of ,thomas ,j4 ,wilcox1 by ,dudley ,b4 ,mc,lean1 ,ex4 #ajj4jj -------------- #a1iej4ab ,,new ,,york1 #cij4ja4 ,albany4 ,d4 ,s4 ,charles1 #be2 ,c4 ,p4 ,williams1 #aj2 ,nelson ,lyon1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,j4 ,edwards1 #e #de4jj ,brasher ,falls4 ,elijah ,wood1 #ae2 ,mrs4 ,o4 ,bell1 #b #ag4jj ,hamilton4 ,o4 ,s4 ,campbell1 #e2 ,mel ,tompkins1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,k4 ,p41 #a #aa4jj ,lysander4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #fj4jj ,mexico4 8,friends0 #b4jj ,mount ,vernon4 ,i4 ,van ,santvoord #aj4jj ,moravia4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #h4jj ,newark ,valley4 ,people of ,newark ,valley1 #c ,cases of ,c41 by ,l4 ,m4 ,smith4 ,new ,york4 ,h4 ,e4 ,parsons1 #ajj2 ,dr4 ,a4 ,ball4 #e2 ,h4 ,a4 ,w41 #ej;c4 #aje4ej ,new ,york4 ,h4 ,c4 ,houghton1 ,m4,d41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,penn ,yan4 ,m4 ,hamlin #ajj4jj ,schenectady4 ,ladies1 ,bbl4 of ,c41 by ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,munsell4 ,sidney ,plain4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #ac4ea ,sinclairville4 ,e4 ,c4 ,preston1 #b2 ,d4 ,b4 ,d41 #a #c4jj ,syracuse4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,holbrook1 ,d4,d4 #e4jj ,,new ,,jersey1 #cg4ej4 ,bernardsville4 ,j4 ,l4 ,roberts1 7#aj of which for ,john ,brown ,steamer7 #ce4jj ,lakewood4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,o4 ,l41 #a2 ,g4 ,l41 #a #b4jj ,newark4 ,f4 ,m4 ,p4 #j4ej ,,pennsylvania1 #acb4jj4 ,mercer4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #e2 ,s4,p4 #a #f4jj ,millbrook4 ,g4 ,s4 #a4jj ,new ,milford4 ,horace ,a4 ,summers #be4jj ,west ,alexander4 ,robert ,davidson #ajj4jj ,,ohio1 #chi4ch4 ,aurora4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4jj ,claridon4 ,cong ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4jj ,cleveland4 ,euclid ,av4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #be4hd ,cleveland4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 ,sab4 ,sch41 #cj41 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,,henry ,m4 ,,tenney1 ,l4 ,m42 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,c4 ,b4 ,ruggles1 #bj1 for ,student ,aid1 ,fisk ,u4 #ej4jj ,cleveland4 ,t4 ,p4 ,handy1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,columbus4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 of ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,east ,cleveland4 ,mrs4 ,mary ,walkden and ,son1 for ,chinese ,m4 #aj4jj ,elyria4 ,first ,cong ,ch4 7ad'l71 #b2 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,t4 #ej;c4 #b4ej ,findlay4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ab4aj ,galion4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,linsley #c4jj ,hudson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bi4fg ,lafayette4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #f4jj ,norwalk4 ,dea4 ,t4 ,l4 #a4jj ,oberlin4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch41 #df4fc2 ,rev4 ,e4 ,p4 ,barrows1 ,d4,d41 #aj #ef4fc ,painsville4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #bh4cc ,peru4 8,friends10 for ,talladega4 ,c41 #fb4ae1 7incorrectly ack4 in ,oct4 number from ,berea74 ,springfield4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4ca ,sicily4 ,sab4 ,sch41 by ,j4 ,f4 ,cumberland1 ,supt4 #b4jj ,toledo4 ,central ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,toledo4 ,edison ,allen1 for a ,teacher #e4jj ,wellington4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ej4jj ,yellow ,springs4 ,g4 ,garrison #e4jj ,youngstown4 ,welsh ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4jj ,york4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,,indiana1 #bj4jj4 ,fort ,wayne4 ,plymouth ,cong4 ,ch4 #bj4jj ,,illinois1 #a1ehh4fd4 ,chicago4 ,d4 ,r4 ,holt1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,dover4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc4 #e4jj ,elgin4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #fc4cd ,kewanee4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ajj4jj ,galva4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4fc ,granville4 8,merry ,workers10 by ,emma ,j4 ,colby1 for furnishing room1 ,stone ,hall1 ,straight ,u4 #cj4jj ,greenville4 ,rev4 ,m4 ,a4 ,crawford #e4jj ,mendon4 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,fowler1 for recitation room1 ,tillotson ,c4 and ,n4 ,inst4 #abe4jj ,mendon4 ,mrs4 ,c4 ,t4 #a4jj ,milburn4 ,woman's ,miss4 ,soc41 for ,lady ,missionary ,mobile1 ,ala4 #dj4jj ,morrison4 ,james ,snyder1 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #aj4jj ,peoria4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ajb4ei2 ,rev4 ,a4 ,a4 ,stevens1 #e #ajg4ei ,princeton4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #db4dj ,shabbona4 ,cong4 ,ch41 to const4 ,,dea4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,quilhot ,l4 ,m4 #ce4fh ------------ #ehh4fd ,,legacy4 ,joliet4 ,legacy of ,jonathan ,hagar1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,hagar #a1jjj4jj -------------- #a1ehh4fd ,,michigan1 #ajb4ae4 ,almont4 ,cong4 ,ch4 and ,soc4 #bc4he ,amsden4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,h4 ,spencer #e4jj ,battle ,creek4 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,l4 ,root1 for ,indian ,m4 #e4jj ,battle ,creek4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,chapin and ,wife #c4jj ,chase4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #c4jj ,edwardsburgh4 ,s4 ,c4 ,olmstead #be4jj ,grand ,rapids4 ,south ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4hj ,northport4 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,m4 #j4ej ,romeo4 ,miss ,t4 ,s4 ,clarke1 to const4 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,clarke1 ,l4 ,m4 #cj4jj ,tustin4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4jj ,,wisconsin1 #aeh4ji4 ,beloit4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,p4 ,chamberlain #e4jj ,emerald ,grove4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4bd ,fond du ,lac4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #aj4jj ,fort ,atkinson4 ,p4 ,t4 ,gunnison1 #aj2 ,wm4 ,armstrong1 #b #ab4jj ,la ,crosse4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ib4ej ,raymond4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,rio4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4de ,ripon4 ,bertie ,ladd ,fowle1 proceeds of ,missionary ,garden #j4ej ,whitewater4 ,by ,ella ,a4 ,hamilton1 for ,le ,moyne ,sch4 #ac4jj ,wyocena4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4dj ,,iowa1 #ahe4bg4 ,cherokee4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #i4bd ,cherokee ,county4 ,second ,cong4 ,ch4 #d4gd ,columbus ,city4 ,sarah ,e4 ,evans #e4jj ,dubuque4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4jj ,de ,witt4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #g4jb ,grinnell4 ,by ,mary ,r4 ,magoun1 for ,le ,moyne ,sch4 #ab4jj ,grinnell4 8,f4 ,p4 ,b40 #b4ej ,hillsborough4 ,john ,w4 ,hammond #e4jj ,iowa ,city4 ,mrs4 ,m4 ,s4 ,thatcher1 deceased1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #e4jj ,keosaugua4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch4 #e4jj ,maquoketa4 ,ladies1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #c4jj ,mc,gregor4 ,woman's ,missionary ,soc41 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #ad4bi ,meriden4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4eb ,waterloo4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #aa4eh ,stacyville4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #af4hh ---- ,ladies of ,cong4 ,ch's3 ,council ,bluffs #bj2 ,fairfax1 #c2 ,fontanelle1 #ab2 ,red ,oak1 #ad2 ,tabor1 #af4ej2 by ,mrs4 ,henry ,l4 ,chase1 for ,lady ,missionary1 ,new ,orleans1 ,la4 #fe4ej ,,minnesota1 #dj4cc4 ,glyndon4 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,n4 ,m4 #j4ej ,hastings4 ,d4 ,b4 ,truax #e4jj ,hutchinson4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #a4ge ,lake ,city4 ,j4 ,p4 #a4jj ,minneapolis4 ,plymouth ,ch41 #bi4fh2 ,second ,cong4 ,ch41 #b4dj #cb4jh ,,nebraska1 #eb4bj4 ,red ,cloud4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #b4bj ,red ,willow4 8,a ,friend10 for ,john ,brown ,steamer #ej4jj ,,missouri1 #a4ej4 ,amity4 ,miss ,m4 ,m4 #a4jj ,jefferson ,city4 ,e4 ,l4 ,a4 #j4ej ,,colorado1 #e4jj4 ,colorado ,springs4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,n4 ,bartlett #e4jj ,,california1 #a1dfd4dj4 ,san ,francisco4 ,receipts of the ,california ,chinese ,mission #a1dfd4dj ,,oregon1 #ae4fe4 ,the ,dalles4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch4 #ae4fe ,,district ,,of ,,columbia1 #ih4jj4 ,washington4 ,first ,cong4 ,ch41 #hh2 ,mrs4 ,abby ,n4 ,bailey1 #aj #ih4jj ,,north ,,carolina1 #aed4ij4 ,highlands4 ,mr4 ,mrs4 ,john ,p4 ,mc,clearie1 for ,talladega1 ,ala4 #e4jj ,wilmington4 8,friends10 by ,miss ,h4 ,l4 ,pitts1 #ge2 8,friends0 by ,miss ,e4 ,a4 ,warner1 #fi4ij2 8,friends10 by ,miss ,a4 ,e4 ,farrington1 #e2 for ,wilmington ,n4,c4 #adi4ij ,,georgia1 #dc4jj4 ,athens4 ,wm4 ,a4 ,pledger1 for ,atlanta ,u4 #b4jj ,macon4 ,cong4 ,ch4 #e4jj ,owen's ,ferry4 ,hon4 ,a4 ,wilson1 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #af4jj ,savannah4 ,cong4 ,sab4 ,sch41 for ,student ,aid1 ,atlanta ,u4 #bj4jj ,,mississippi1 #aj4jj4 ,jackson4 ,selina ,williams1 for furnishing ,tougaloo ,u4 #e4jj ,tougaloo4 ,tougaloo ,u41 ,tuition #e4jj ,,texas1 #j4bd4 ,whitman4 ,mrs4 ,l4 ,h4 #j4bd -------------------- ,total #af1geb4jg 99 99 99 99 99 ,,receipts ,,of ,,the ,,california ,,chinese ,,mission4 ,from ,may #ah to ,sept4 #aj1 #ahha4 ,e4 ,,palache1 ,treasurer4 ,i4 ,from ,auxiliary ,missions1 viz43 ,marysville--,chinese3 ,monthly offerings1 #cb4aj2 ,annual members1 #ah4jj4 ,americans3 ,one annual member1 #b4jj2 ,cash1 #a4jj #ee4aj ,oroville--,chinese3 ,monthly offerings1 #i4he2 ,annual members1 #ab4jj4 ,americans3 ,four ,annual members1 #h4jj #bi4he ,petaluma--,anniversary collection1 #e4he4 ,annual ,members3 ,chinese1 #af4jj2 ,americans1 #b4jj #bc4he ,sacramento--,anniversary col41 #i4bj2 ,annual members1 #cf4jj2 ,chinese monthly offerings1 #be4ej #gj4gj ,santa ,barbara--,chinese offerings1 #bd4jj2 ,rev4 ,s4 ,r4 ,weldon1 #e4jj2 ,mrs4 ,josiah ,bates1 #d4bj2 ,capt4 ,c4 ,p4 ,low1 #c4jj2 ,annual members1 #ab4jj #dh4bj ,santa ,cruz--,chinese monthly offerings #i4jj ,stockton--,anniversary collection1 #g4ie2 ,cash1 #c4jj2 ,annual members1 #cf4jj2 ,chinese monthly offerings1 #ab4jj #eh4ie -------------- ,total #bie4fe ,,ii4 ,from ,churches3 ,benicia--,cong4 ,church 7,mrs4 ,n4 ,p4 ,s47 #j4fj ,berkley--,cong4 ,church #ag4jj2 ,sunday-school1 five annual members1 #aj #bg4jj ,oakland--,first ,cong4 ,ch41 three annual members #f4ej ,riverside--,cong4 ,ch4 #ac4ae ,san ,francisco--#ast ,cong4 ,ch4 col4 #cj4jj ,san ,francisco--,bethany ,church 7,h4 ,c4 ,george1 ,mrs4 ,fitzgerald1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,hazelton1 ,miss ,jessie ,s4 ,worley1 ,miss ,nellie ,palache1 ,mrs4 ,s4 ,e4 ,meacham1 ,e4 ,palache1 ,g4 ,w4 ,webber1 ,j4 ,a4 ,snook1 #c4jj each2 ,j4 ,f4 ,crosett1 #b4ej2 ,miss ,hattie ,c4 ,baker1 #e4jj2 to const4 nine annual members1 and in part to const4 ,mrs4 ,jane ,c4 ,snook a ,l4 ,m41 #cd4ej4 ,miss ,e4 ,n4 ,worley1 to const4 herself a ,l4 ,m41 #be4jj4 ,ten ,american annual members1 #bj4jj4 ,hoo ,hing1 ,wong ,chung1 ,lon ,quong1 ,leang ,folk1 ,ny ,gong1 ,chung ,toi1 ,wong ,gen1 ,jee ,san ,quock1 ,jue ,woon1 ,soo ,ming1 ,lee ,yick1 ,hoo ,ping1 ,jee ,hin1 ,jee ,fon ,shing1 ,lue ,lune1 ,yung ,yem ,kwai1 ,hong ,sing1 #c4jj each2 to const4 themselves annual members1 and in part to const4 ,miss ,jessie ,s4 ,worley a ,l4 ,m41 #ea4jj4 ,dea4 ,s4 ,woo and ,jee ,gam1 for same purpose1 #a4jj each1 #b4jj4 ,dea4 ,s4 ,woo1 #h4ej and ,jee ,gam1 #g4ej in part for ,l4 ,m's4 ,twenty-six ,chinese annual members1 #eb4jj7 #bjj4ej ,sonoma--,cong4 ,church col4 #f4jj ,soquel--,cong4 ,church1 ,rev4 ,a4 ,l4 ,rankin annual member #b4jj ,suisun--,cong4 ,church col4 #c4jj ------------ ,total #bhh4ge ,,iii4 ,from individual donors3 ,messrs4 ,parrot ,co41 #ej2 ,hon4 ,f4 ,f4 ,low1 #be2 ,j4 ,j4 ,felt1 #be2 ,messrs4 ,tabor1 ,harker ,co41 #be2 ,messrs4 ,macondray ,co41 #be2 ,e4 ,ransome ,co41 #be2 ,rogers1 ,meyer ,co41 #be2 ,williams1 ,dimond ,co41 #be2 ,cash1 ,w4 ,t4 ,c41 #be2 ,john ,f4 ,merrill1 #bf2 ,rev4 ,joseph ,rowell1 #bj2 ,messrs4 ,c4 ,a4 ,low ,co41 #bj2 ,r4 ,p4 ,tenney1 #aj2 ,e4 ,w4 ,playter1 #aj4 ------------ ,total #cee4jj ,,iv4 ,from ,eastern ,friends3 ,bangor1 ,me4--,miss ,l4 ,m4 ,benson #aj4jj ,bangor1 ,me4--,hon4 ,j4 ,b4 ,foster #ej4jj ,amherst1 ,mass4--,mrs4 ,r4 ,a4 ,lester1 #ajb2 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,s4 ,clark1 #ej2 ,mrs4 ,olive ,g4 ,stearns1 #aj2 ,mrs4 ,w4 ,s4 ,tyler1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,p4 ,hickok1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,tuckerman1 #e2 ,mrs4 ,t4 ,field1 #c #ahj4jj ,ware1 ,mass4--,east ,cong4 ,s4 ,s4 #ej4jj ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4--,a4 ,s4 ,barnes #aej4jj ,atlanta1 ,ga4--,teachers and ,students in ,atlanta ,university #he4jj ------------ ,total #ebe4jj -------------- ,grand total #a1dfd4dj ,h4 ,w4 ,,hubbard1 ,treas41 #ef ,reade ,street1 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,constitution of the ,american ,missionary ,association4 ,,incorporated ,,january #cj1 #ahdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,art4 ,i4 ,this ,society shall be called 8,,the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association40 ,,art4 ,,ii4 ,the object of this ,association shall be to conduct ,christian missionary and educational operations1 and diffuse a knowledge of the ,holy ,scriptures in our own and other countries which are destitute of them1 or which present open and urgent fields of effort4 ,,art4 ,,iii4 ,any person of evangelical sentiments1,a who professes faith in the ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 who is not a slaveholder1 or in the practice of other immoralities1 and who contributes to the funds1 may become a member of the ,society2 and by the payment of thirty dollars1 a life member2 provided that children and others who have not professed their faith may be constituted life members without the privilege of voting4 ,,art4 ,,iv4 ,this ,society shall meet annually1 in the month of ,september1 ,october or ,november1 for the election of officers and the transaction of other business1 at such time and place as shall be designated by the ,executive ,committee4 ,,art4 ,v4 ,the annual meeting shall be constituted of the regular officers and members of the ,society at the time of such meeting1 and of delegates from churches1 local missionary societies1 and other co-operating bodies1 each body being entitled to one representative4 ,,art4 ,,vi4 ,the officers of the ,association shall be a ,president1 ,vice-,presidents1 ,corresponding ,secretaries1 7who shall also keep the records of the ,association17 ,treasurer1 ,auditors1 and an ,executive ,committee of not less than twelve members4 ,,art4 ,,vii4 ,to the ,executive ,committee shall belong the collecting and disbursing of funds2 the appointing1 counseling1 sustaining and dismissing missionaries and agents2 the selection of missionary fields2 and1 in general1 the transaction of all such business as usually appertains to the executive committees of missionary and other benevolent societies2 the ,committee to exercise no ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the missionaries2 and its doings to be subject always to the revision of the annual meeting1 which shall1 by a reference mutually chosen1 always entertain the complaints of any aggrieved agent or missionary2 and the decision of such reference shall be final4 ,the ,executive ,committee shall have authority to fill all vacancies occurring among the officers between the regular annual meetings2 to apply1 if they see fit1 to any ,state ,legislature for acts of incorporation2 to fix the compensation1 where any is given1 of all officers1 agents1 missionaries1 or others in the employment of the ,society2 to make provision1 if any1 for disabled missionaries1 and for the widows and children of such as are deceased2 and to call1 in all parts of the country1 at their discretion1 special and general conventions of the friends of missions1 with a view to the diffusion of the missionary spirit1 and the general and vigorous promotion of the missionary work4 ,five members of the ,committee shall constitute a quorum for transacting business4 ,,art4 ,,viii4 ,missionary bodies1 churches or individuals agreeing to the principles of this society1 and wishing to appoint and sustain missionaries of their own1 shall be entitled to do so through the agency of the ,executive ,committee1 on terms mutually agreed upon4 ,,art4 ,,ix4 ,no amendment shall be made to this ,constitution without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at a regular annual meeting2 nor unless the proposed amendment has been submitted to a previous meeting1 or to the ,executive ,committee in season to be published by them 7as it shall be their duty to do1 if so submitted7 in the regular official notifications of the meeting4 ,,footnote3 ,a ,by evangelical sentiments1 we understand1 among others1 a belief in the guilty and lost condition of all men without a ,saviour2 the ,supreme ,deity1 ,incarnation1 and ,atoning ,sacrifice of ,jesus ,christ1 the only ,saviour of the world2 the necessity of regeneration by the ,holy ,spirit2 repentance1 faith1 and holy obedience in order to salvation2 the immorality of the soul2 and the retributions of the judgement in the eternal punishment of the wicked1 and salvation of the righteous4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,best ,weekly ,newspaper4 ,judging by the letters received from very many of our subscribers 7numbering nearly #ge1jjj1 scattered all over the ,union71 they think the ,,new ,,york ,,weekly ,,witness ,the ,best ,family ,paper they ever saw4 ,it combines the excellencies of a secular newspaper and a ,religious and ,temperance journal1 and has some unique features4 ,one of these is two or three columns weekly of ,letters from ,ladies on ,social and ,domestic ,topics1 and a column of ,letters from ,children4 ,these letters come from nearly every ,state in the ,union1 as also letters from many new ,states and ,territories1 describing their advantages for settlers4 ,it has ,religious and ,temperance ,stories1 ,excellent ,sabbath-school ,lesson for the ,young1 ,prices ,current1 ,financial ,reports1 ,farm and ,garden ,notes1 and copious ,extracts from the leading ,daily ,papers for the older members of the family4 ,the ,editorial ,department never fails to bear a distinct testimony for ,christ4 ,evangelical ,religion1 and ,justice to all ,races1 and against all the ,works of ,satan1 especially the ,use of ,intoxicating ,drinks and ,tobacco1 ,sabbath-,breaking and other popular forms of evil4 ,it takes a deep interest in the ,independent ,catholic ,church1 the ,freedmen1 and the ,prohibition ,question4 ,the ,price is #a4ej per annum1 or a ,club of ,five for #f4jj4 ,,it ,,will ,,be ,,sent ,,on ,,trial ,,three ,,months ,,for #be ,,cents4 ,any one sending us #b4jj for ,,witness and ,,sabbath ,,reading will receive1 free by mail1 a copy of 8,,in ,,the ,,volume ,,of ,,the ,,book10 ,by ,,rev4 ,,george ,f4 ,,pentecost4 ,,john ,,dougall ,,co41 #ag to #ba ,vandewater ,street4 ,n4,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,american ,missionary ,association4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,aim ,,and ,,work4 ,to preach the ,gospel to the poor4 ,it originated in a sympathy with the almost friendless slaves4 ,since ,emancipation it has devoted its main efforts to preparing the ,,freedmen for their duties as citizens and ,christians in ,america1 and as missionaries in ,africa4 ,as closely related to this1 it seeks to benefit the caste-persecuted ,,chinese in ,america1 and to co-operate with the ,government in its humane and ,christian policy toward the ,,indians4 ,it has also a mission in ,,africa4 ,,statistics4 ,,churches3 ,in the ,south--,in ,district of ,columbia1 #a2 ,virginia1 #a2 ,north ,carolina1 #f2 ,south ,carolina1 #b2 ,georgia1 #ac2 ,kentucky1 #g2 ,tennessee1 #d2 ,alabama1 #ad2 ,kansas1 #a2 ,arkansas1 #a2 ,louisiana1 #ah2 ,mississippi1 #d2 ,texas1 #f4 ,africa1 #c4 ,among the ,indians1 #a4 ,total1 #hb4 ,,institutions ,,founded1 ,,fostered ,,or ,,sustained ,,in ,,the ,,south4--,chartered3 ,hampton1 ,va42 ,berea1 ,ky42 ,talladega1 ,ala42 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,nashville1 ,tenn42 ,tougaloo1 ,miss42 ,new ,orleans1 ,la42 and ,austin1 ,texas--#h4 ,graded or ,normal ,schools3 at ,wilmington1 ,n4,c42 ,charleston1 ,greenwood1 ,s4,c42 ,savannah1 ,macon1 ,atlanta1 ,ga42 ,montgomery1 ,mobile1 ,athens1 ,selma1 ,ala42 ,memphis1 ,tenn4--#aa4 ,other ,schools1 #ce4 ,total1 #ed4 ,,teachers1 ,,missionaries ,,and ,,assistants4--,among the ,freedmen1 #cai2 among the ,chinese1 #bh2 among the ,indians1 #i2 in ,africa1 #ac4 ,total1 #cfi4 ,,students--,in ,theology1 #ajd2 ,law1 #bi2 in ,college ,course1 #ia2 in other studies1 #h1hhd4 ,total1 #i1ajh4 ,scholars taught by former pupils of our schools1 estimated at #aej1jjj4 ,,indians under the care of the ,association1 #ac1jjj4 ,,wants4 #a4 ,a steady ,,increase of regular income to keep pace with the growing work4 ,this increase can only be reached by regular and larger contributions from the churches1 the feeble as well as the strong4 #b4 ,,additional ,,buildings for our higher educational institutions1 to accommodate the increasing numbers of students2 ,,meeting ,,houses for the new churches we are organizing2 ,,more ,,ministers1 cultured and pious1 for these churches4 #c4 ,,help ,,for ,,young ,,men1 to be educated as ministers here and missionaries to ,africa--a pressing want4 ,before sending boxes1 always correspond with the nearest ,a4 ,m4 ,a4 office as below3 ,,new ,,york ,h4 ,w4 ,hubbard1 ,esq41 ,treasurer1 #ef ,reade ,street4 ,,boston ,rev4 ,c4 ,l4 ,woodworth1 ,dis't ,sec41 ,room #ba ,congregational ,house4 ,,chicago ,rev4 ,jas4 ,powell1 ,dis't ,sec41 #aab ,west ,washington ,street4 ,,magazine4 ,this ,magazine will be sent gratuitously1 if desired1 to the ,missionaries of the ,association2 to ,life ,members2 to all ,clergymen who take up collections for the ,association2 to ,superintendents of ,sabbath-schools2 to ,college ,libraries2 to ,theological ,seminaries2 to ,societies of ,inquiry on ,missions2 and to every donor who does not prefer to take it as a subscriber1 and contributes in a year not less than five dollars4 ,those who wish to remember the ,,american ,,missionary ,,association in their last ,will and ,testament are earnestly requested to use the following ,,form ,,of ,a ,,bequest4 8,i ,,bequeath to my executor 7or executors7 the sum of ---- dollars1 in trust1 to pay the same in ---- days after my decease to the person who1 when the same is payable1 shall act as ,treasurer of the #8,american ,missionary ,association' of ,new ,york ,city1 to be applied1 under the direction of the ,executive ,committee of the ,association1 to its charitable uses and purposes40 ,the ,will should be attested by three witnesses 7in some ,states three are required1 in other ,states only two71 who should write against their names their places of residence 7if in cities1 their street and number74 ,the following form of attestation will answer for every ,state in the ,union3 8,signed1 sealed1 published and declared by the said 7,a4 ,b47 as his last ,will and ,testament1 in presence of us1 who1 at the request of the said ,a4 ,b41 and in his presence1 and in the presence of each other1 have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses40 ,in some ,states it is required that the ,will should be made at least two months before the death of the testator4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,david ,h4 ,,gildersleeve1 ,,printer1 #aja ,,chambers ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious printer's punctuation errors have been corrected4 ,spelling differences which could have been correct at the period are retained4 ,ditto marks have been replaced with the text they represent in order to facilitate e,book formatting4 ,on page #cff1 8dissappointed0 changed to 8disappointed0 7we were not disappointed74 ,on page #chc1 8meas0 completed to form 8measure30