,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is text uses "s ,unicode *>act]s t are n support$ by all fonts & may n display correctly1 = example 4 ,sup]script$ text is indicat$ l ?is1 italicis$ text l ?is1 upright text )9 italic passages l ?is4 ,mo/ #8figure' illu/rations h be5 mov$ f _! position 9 ! orig9al book3 ea* figure is plac$ by ! passage t describes x1 = ease ( ref]5ce4 ,a li/ ( *anges made to ! orig9al text 7to correct suspect$ pr9t+ errors7 is giv5 at ! end4 ,rules & ,examples ( ,,p]spective ,,prop] ,,= ,pa9t]s & ,ar*itects1 etc4 ,9 ,engli% & ,lat92 ,conta9+ a mo/ easie & exp$iti\s ,me?od to ,,del9eate 9 ,,p]spective ,all ,,designs relat+ to ,,ar*itecture1 ,,aft] ,a ,,new ,,mann]1 ,:olly free f ! ,confusion ( ,occult ,l9es3 ,,by ,,t ,,great ,,ma/] ,,!re(1 ,,&rea ,,pozzo1 ,soc4 ,jes4 ,engrav5 9 #aje ample folio ,plates1 & adorn'd ) #bjj ,initial ,lett]s to ! ,explanatory ,disc\rses3 ,pr9t$ f ,copp]-,plates on ye be/ ,pap] ,by ,john ,/urt4 ,done into ,engli% f ! ,orig9al ,pr9t$ at ,rome #afic 9 ,lat4 & ,ital4 ,by ,mr ,john ,james ( ,gre5wi*4 ,illu/ration ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ by ,b5j4 ,motte1 ,,mdccvii4 ,sold by ,john ,/urt 9 ,gold5-,lion-,c\rt 9 ,ald]sgate-,/reet4 ,,p]spectiva ,,pictorum ,,et ,,ar*itectorum1 ,,&re ,,putei1 ,e ,,societate ,,jesu4 ,9 qu docetur ,modus exp$itissimus ,del9e&i ,optic omnia qu p]t95t ad ,ar*itecturam4 ,illu/ration ,,lond9i3 ,juxta ,exempl> ,,rom excusum1 ,,mdcxciii4 ,ex ,sculptur ,joannis ,/urt1 et ejusd4 ,cur adornata3 ,,typis ,b5j4 ,motte1 ,,mdccvii4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,,to ,h] mo/ ,sacr$ ,maje/y1 ,,que5 ,,anne4 ,may x please y\r ,maje/y6 ,! ,condesc5sion ( ! late ,emp]or ( ,g]many to patronize ?is ,,"w 9 ! ,orig9al1 c\ld n h incit$ me to ! ,presumption ( lay+ ! ,translation at ,y\r ,royal ,feet2 _h n ! ,art ( ,,p]spective1 ( :i* x treats1 be5 s ne>ly ally'd to ! ,noble ,arts ( ,,pa9t+ & ,,ar*itecture4 ,! ,fir/ ( ^! ,y\r ,maje/y has be5 pleas'd to hon\r1 z well 9 express+ a ,satisfaction ) ! ,p]=mances1 z 9 ext5d+ ,y\r ,royal ,munific5ce to t great ,ma/] !re(1 ,signor ,v]rio4 ,,& al?\gh ,affairs ( high] ,consequ5ce h hi!rto def]r'd ,y\r ,maje/y's ,comm&s = ,rais+ ,,:ite-,,hall f its ,ru9s2 yet has n ,ar*itecture be5 )\t ,enc\ragem5t1 "u ,y\r ,maje/y's ,mo/ ,auspici\s ,reign3 ,witness ! great ,dispat* lately giv5 to ^? ,noble ,fabricks ( ,s4 ,,paul's1 ,gre5wi*-,hospital1 & ,bl5heim4 ,,^! seem to presage1 t a ,"t is com+1 :51 ?r\gh ! ,bless+ ( ,peace1 & ! ,happy ,influ5ce ( ,y\r ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t2 ,,:ite-,,hall %all become a ,/ructure wor?y its ,great ,re/or]1 & its ,"n z mu* ,celebrat$ among ,palaces1 z ,y\r ,royal ,v]tues are ,illu/ri\s among ,pr9ces3 ,:5 ,y\r ,maje/y's ,subjects %all ex]t !mselves z mu* to _! ,c\ntry's ,hon\r1 9 ! ,arts ( ,design1 & ,civil ,ar*itecture2 z !y h already done 9 ! ,art ,milit>y1 & ,p]sonal ,val\r4 ,,prelim9>y to su* ,happy ,season1 ,i presume ?is ,art ( ,p]spective made ,practicable1 may n be improp]2 be+ ,"o ( ! mo/ ,useful1 ?\gh hi!rto ! mo/ ,obscure & ,confus'd1 ( all ! ,l9e>y ,arts4 ,i !re=e1 ) all ,submission1 beg ,leave to supplicate ,y\r ,maje/y's ,p>don = ?is ,address1 & ,y\r ,graci\s ,protection ( ?is ,specim5 ( ,engli% ,grav+2 to :i* if ,y\r ,maje/y v\*safe ,y\r ,royal ,,patronage1 x w effectually animate ! future ,endeav\rs (1 ,may x please ,y\r ,maje/y6 ,y\r ,mo/ ,ob$i5t ,subject1 ,j4 ,,/urt4 ,,preface ,,to ,,?is ,,translation4 ,,not)/&+ ! ,art ( ,,p]spective mu/ be ackn[l$g'd s highly & indisp5sably requisite 9 ! ,practice ( ,pa9t+1 ,ar*itecture1 & ,sculpture2 t 9 ! ,fir/ ( ^! especially1 no?+ comm5dable c be p]=m'd )\t its ,assi/ance3 ,yet su* h be5 ! ,difficulties & ,obscurities met ) 9 ! fir/ ,attempts1 & s great ! ,p]plexity & ,confusion ( ,l9es 9 ! ,practice !re(2 t ! be/ ,in/ructions1 hi!rto made ,engli%1 h invit$ v few to su* a ,prosecution ( ?is ,/udy1 z might r5d] _! ,p]=mances ( ?is k9d1 truly valuable4 ',,tis some?+ unacc\ntable1 t1 among s _m le>n$ ,p]sons z h h&l$ ?is ,subject1 ,prie/s1 ,ar*itects1 & ,pa9t]s2 v few1 if any ( !m1 h giv5 ,directions prop] = %unn+ t ,disord] & ,confusion ( ,l9es1 :i*1 9 mo/ ,in/ances1 mu/ necess>ily att5d ! ,execution ( _! ,rules3 ,9 all or mo/ ( :i*1 ! :ole ,space = ! ,p]=mance is conf9'd betwe5 ! ,l9es ( ! ,plan & ,horizon2 :i*1 :]e ! ,scale is small1 & ! ,height ( ! ,eye n v mu* advanc'd1 r5d]s ! ,"w exce$+ly confus'd2 & :]e ^? ,l9es are co9cid5t1 7:i* frequ5tly happ5s7 ! ,me?od becomes utt]ly impracticable4 ,,?is ,au?or's great ,exp]i5ce 9 ! ,practice ( ,p]spective1 hav+ furni%'d him ) excell5t ,,rules = ,%ortn+ ! ,"w1 & ,obviat+ ! =em5tion'd ,difficulties2 he has "h v g5]\sly imp>t$ !m1 & especially ! latt]1 9 ! ,t5? & ,elev5? ,figures4 ,& ?o' on ,p]usal ( ! fir/ ?ree or f\r ,plates1 ?is ,me?od may possibly seem ! same t "s o!rs h be=e made use (2 yet :oev] %all dilig5tly obs]ve & copy ! ,rules & ,examples ( ! succe$+ ,figures1 mu/ necess>ily ackn[l$ge ! great ,advantage ?is has 9 a ,p]spective-,plan & ,upright1 cle> & di/9ct2 :5ce ! f9i%'d ,piece is d$uc'd1 )\t ! lea/ ,incumbrance ( ! ,"w4 ,! ,explanations ( ! ,rules "h giv51 are %ort & in/ructive2 & ! ,ar*itectonical ,designs produc'd to exemplify !m1 ,noble & ,magnific5t4 ,,! ,mann] ( ,design+1 :]e ! ,p]spective is drawn on sev]al ,ranges ( ,frames "o beh9d ! o!r1 & su* ,sc5es ( ,!at]s ^: ,grooves lie oblique to ! middle ,l9e1 is also "h laid d[n3 ,& by our ,au?or's ,me?od1 ,horizontal ,p]spective1 or t ( ,ceil+s1 is r5d]'d less difficult ?an ! ,v]tical1 or t aga9/ an upright ,wall4 ,^u ! :ole1 no?+ seems want+ t may make a ,"w ( ?is nature complete2 unless :at conc]ns ,designs :i* are ei!r ,circul>1 or ab\nd ) _m ,columns3 ,= ! ,p]=mance :]e(1 ! ,au?or1 z he promises 9 ! ,sixty-fif? ,figure1 has1 9 a ,,second ,volume1 giv5 a ,rule m prop] = ! purpose2 :i* also may possibly be made ,engli% 9 due "t1 if ?is ,"p meet ) ,enc\ragem5t4 ,,:at ! ,au?or once int5d$ %\ld make a ,"p ( t ,second ,volume1 he aft]w>ds ins]t$ 9 ! ,n9ety-?ird & foll[+ ,figures ( ?is ,book3 ,9 ! la/ ( :i*1 p>ticul> ,notice %\ld be tak5 ( 8 ,conclusion2 ,t if ,pa9t]s w\ld n run into inextricable ,errors1 !y ought z /rictly to obs]ve ! ,rules ( ,p]spective1 9 design+ ! ,figures ( ,m5 & ,animals2 z !y d 9 pa9t+ ,columns1 ,cornices1 or o!r ,p>ts ( ,ar*itecture4 ,,t none !re=e be disc\rag'd 9 _! fir/ ,attempts1 ?r\gh ! ,brevity or ,sil5ce ( our ,au?or2 7:o1 writ+ 9 a ,c\ntry :]e ! ,pr9ciples ( ?is ,art are m g5]ally kn[n ?an ) ,u1 _h no ne$ to insi/ s long on "s ?+s1 z might be ?\ght necess>y to ,beg9n]s7 we %all endeav\r to speak z pla9ly z we c to a po9t or two1 mo/ liable to be misund]/ood1 or to prove a ,/umbl+-,block at ! ,entrance2 & !n add a ,^w ( ,advice to su* z %all attempt ! putt+ ^! ,rules 9 ,execution4 ,,! ,au?or1 9 bo? 8 ,explanations ( ! fir/ ,plate1 has giv5 "s ,acc\nt ( :at he w\ld h 8 ,read] und]/&1 by ,design+ 9 ,p]spective2 & a "r ,conception ( ?is po9t be+ ( great ,use to facilitate ! ,"w1 we ?\ght x n improp]1 to describe some?+ m p>ticul>ly1 :at is meant by ! ,art ,p]spective3 b %all at pres5t speak only ( ,t1 :i*1 :e!r ,v]tical or ,horizontal1 is receiv'd on a ,flat & ,ev5 ,sup]ficies2 ,?is be+ ( mu* ! m g5]al ,use1 &1 :5 rightly und]/ood1 r5d]s ! ,difficulties ( ! ,circul> or ,irregul> ,surfaces1 easy & famili>4 ,,p]spective is ! ,art ( ,del9eat+1 on a flat ,sup]ficies1 z a ,wall1 ,ceil+1 ,canvas1 ,pap]1 or ! l1 ! ,appe>ances ( ,objects1 z se5 f ,"o det]m9ate ,po9t3 ,= ?o' 9 ,works ( great ,l5g?1 ,two1 ,?ree1 or m ,po9ts ( ,sight are sometimes made use (2 yet su* may m prop]ly be said to be ,sev]al ,views conjo9'd1 ?an ,"o ,piece ( ,p]spective3 ,( :i* see ! ,au?or's ,op9ion1 at ! ,end ( ?is ,treatise4 ,,9 ,p]spective1 ! ,eye ( ! ,behold] is e/eem'd a ,po9t1 f :5ce ,rays are suppos'd to proce$ to e ,angle ( ! ,object4 ,! ,wall or ,canvas to be pa9t$ 7:i* we %all "h call ! ,section7 is imag9'd to int]v5e at "r ,angles to ! ,axis ( ! said ,rays1 &1 by dissect+ !m1 to receive ! ,appe>ance ( ! ,object1 9 great] or less ,proportion1 z ! ,section is m or less remote f ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,our ,au?or's ,rule is1 ,t ! ,di/ance ( ! ,eye ought to be equal to ! greate/ ,ext5t ( ! ,object1 :e!r 9 ,l5g? or ,height3 ,z1 to view a ,build+ t is a hundr$ ,foot long1 & fifty high2 he w\ld h ! ,di/ance a hundr$ ,foot3 ,to view a ,t[] sixty ,foot wide1 & a hundr$ & fifty ,foot high2 ! ,di/ance %\ld be a hundr$ & fifty ,foot4 ,?is ,di/ance is n /rictly to be und]/ood ( ! ,space betwe5 ! ,eye & ! ,object1 b ( ! ,space betwe5 t & ! ,section1 ! ,plan ( :i* our ,au?or calls ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 or ,gr\nd-l9e2 = x's (t5 requisite1 t ! ,section be plac'd at "s ,di/ance be=e ! ,object1 on acc\nt ( ,projectures ( ,cornices1 & o!r ,p>ts ( ! ,"w t advance1 z 9 ! ,eigh? ,figure4 ,,! ,place ( ! ,eye1 ) respect to its ,height above ! ,gr\nd1 ought to be su*1 z is mo/ natural & agreeable to ! ,object4 ,?us 9 ,ar*itecture1 ! ,basem5ts & inf]ior ,p>ts ( a ,build+ are improp] to be set above ! ,eye1 & _! ,cornices & ,entablatures h b an ill ,effect :5 bel[ x4 ,g5]al ,p]spectives inde$ require ! ,sight to be tak5 at a ,birds ,view2 & on o!r ,occasions ! ,place ( ! ,eye may be v>y'd3 b ! be/ & mo/ g5]al ,rule is1 n to exce$ five or six ,foot ,height above ! ,gr\nd4 ,! ,height ( ! ,eye above ! ,gr\nd1 ?ro' :i* a ,l9e is drawn1 call'd ! horizontal ,l9e1 is set on by ! same ,scale ( ,proportion1 z ! ,design be>s to ! real ,"w2 & ! ,po9t ( ,sight s plac'd !re91 z may r5d] ! ,object mo/ agreeable4 ,f ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 ei!r on "o or bo? sides 9 ! horizontal ,l9e1 y are to set1 by ! same ,scale1 ! ,di/ance y /& f ! ,section4 ,& by means ( ^! ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance1 & ! ,measures ( ! ,p>ts br\ght on ! ,l9es ( ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! ,section1 by ! same ,scale2 all ! ,examples ( ?is ,volume are r$uc'd into ,p]spective2 z is manife/ on ,inspection ( ! ,figures4 ,,:at we w\ld add1 by way ( ,advice1 is1 ,i4 ,,t y v c>efully obs]ve1 :at ! ,au?or und]/&s by ,bread?1 ,l5g?1 & ,height1 9 8 ,explanation ( ! ,fif? ,plate1 be=e y proce$ to practise on any ,figure2 o!rwise y'll c]ta9ly misund]/& him2 especially 9 ! ,?ird ,figure4 ,,ii4 ,,t ! ,rules ( ! ,t5? & ,elev5? ,figures be p>ticul>ly reg>d$1 = avoid+ ,confusion 9 ! ,plans & ,uprights4 ,,iii4 ,,t f ! ,disposition ( ! ,p]spective-,plans & ,uprights1 ) respect to ! f9i%'d ,pieces 9 ! ,twelf? & _m foll[+ ,figures1 y w\ld obs]ve1 ) :at ,dispat* ! said ,pieces may1 )\t ! ,help ( ,compasses1 be del9eat$ by y\r ,draw+-,squ>e2 viz4 ! ,p]p5dicul>s f ! ,p]spective-,plan1 & ! level ,l9es f ! ,p]spective-,upright1 or ,section4 ,,iv4 ,,t y w\ld accu/om y\rself 9 ,works t h _m ,l9es1 to make ! ,p]spective-,plans & ,uprights = ea* ,"p di/9ct1 s z to prev5t all ,dang] ( ,confusion4 ,?us y may h "o ,plan & ,upright = ! ,basem5t ( a ,build+2 & :5 t is drawn on y\r f9i%'d ,piece1 remove !m1 & place ^? ( ! ,body ( ! ,h\se2 & :5 t's complete1 d s by ! ,attick1 c4 always obs]v+ s to place ! ,plan bel[1 & ! ,upright on "o side ( y\r neat ,draught1 t y\r ,draw+-,squ>e may comm& ea* ( !m2 :i* w mightily %ort5 y\r ,"w4 ,v4 ,,t ! ,au?or's ,advice ( tak+ ! ,figures 9 ,c\rse1 be /rictly foll['d 9 ! ,practice2 :i* w be a great means to r5d] ! ,:ole easy & pleasant4 ,,?is is ! ,sum ( :at we ?\ght mo/ prop] to adv]tise y2 & h only ?is f>!r to reque/1 ,t if any ,mi/akes may h escap'd ! ,press undiscov]'d1 z we well hope !re are few or none1 y w fav\rably correct & p>don !m4 ,,monita ad ,,tyrones4 ,conc9nitatem ac symmetriam optic del9eationes dificiorum hab]e nequeunt1 nisi utramque mutu5tur ab ,ar*itectura4 ,pro9de necesse e/1 ut 9 i/ius graphide ac intellig5tia te aliqu&iu ex]ceas1 donec uniuscujusque elevationis ve/igium =m>e didic]is1 ex eoque eru]e sectionem totius longitud9is1 ut 9 ,op]e toto vid]e e/1 prs]tim figuris sexagesimaoctava septuagesima4 ,siquidem ex ve/igio ex sectione d]ivatur 9 opticas imag9es congrua r]um s+ul>um pr(unditas4 ,subjiciam 8 consilium summi mom5ti2 videlicet1 egregi intelligas oportet figuram secundam1 priusquam progr$i>is ad t]tiam1 idemque de ct]is dictum velim2 nam s+ulas eo disposuimus ord9e1 ut qu prc$it1 necess>ia sit ad p]cipi5das eas qu sequuntur4 ,si aliqua s9t 9 explicatione1 qu initio non intelligas1 ipsum s*ema spius dilig5t] inspicies2 ac vicissim si aliqua des9t 9 s*ematibus1 ex decl>ationibus ea supplebis4 ,lapsus v] quos depreh5d]is1 facil pro tua b5ignitate1 mihi1 ut sp]o1 condonabis4 ,,advice to ,,beg9n]s4 ,! ,p]spective ( ,/ructures "h treat$ (1 c h no ,grace or ,proportion1 )\t ! ,help ( ,ar*itecture4 ',tis !re=e absolutely necess>y1 t y employ y\rself = "s "t 9 ,draw+1 & ! ,/udy ( t ,art2 till y c readily describe ! ,plan ( any ,upright1 & f !nce project ! ,section or ,pr(ile1 z is %ewn ?r\gh ! :ole ,c\rse ( ?is ,"w2 & m p>ticul>ly1 9 ! ,sixty-eigh? & ,sev5tie? ,figures3 ,=asmu* z ! prop] ,dep? ( ea* ,"p ( ! ,p]spective1 is det]m9'd by ! ,plan & ,pr(ile !re(4 ,i %all add ?is "o ?+ m1 :i* is inde$ ( ! la/ ,importance2 to wit1 t y endeav\r to und]/& ! ,second ,figure ?r\ghly1 be=e y proce$ to ! ,?ird2 & s ( ! re/3 !y be+ dispos'd 9 su* ,ord]1 t ! ,k ( ! prec$+ ,figure is always necess>y to a "r ,und]/&+ ( t :i* foll[s4 ,if y meet ) any ?+ :i* at fir/ seems difficult 9 ! ,description1 a dilig5t ,inspection ( ! ,figure may relieve y3 ,& on ! o!r h&1 if y f9d n 9 ! ,figure e ?+ y desire1 y may h ,rec\rse to ! ,explanation4 ,:at ,err\rs y discov] 9 ! ,"w1 ,i hope y'll g5]\sly ov]look & p>don4 ,,ad ,lectorem ,p]spectiv /udiosum4 ,ars ,p]spectiva1 oculum1 licet sagacissimum int] s5sus no/ros ext]iores1 mirabili cum voluptate decipit2 eademque necess>ia e/ iis1 quibus 9 p+5do1 tum s+ulis figuris positionem ac de=mationem suam congru tribu]e1 tum colores umbras1 magis vel m9us int5d]e aut remitt]e1 pr\t oportet1 cur e/4 ,ad id autem s5sim s9e s5su illi p]v5iunt1 qui solo /udio ,graphidis non cont5ti1 s+ulis ,ar*itectur ,ord9ibus exact de=m&is assuev]9t4 ,nihilom9us1 int] multos qui opus hujusmodi magno impetu aggressi hucusque fu]unt1 paucos num]amus1 qui animum ipso /atim initio non despond]9t1 ob magi/rorum librorumque p5uriam1 ord9at ac p]spicu doc5tium opticas projectiones1 pr9cipiis hujus artis1 usque ad omnimodam p]fectionis consummationem4 ,quum autem s5tiam1 long multorum annorum ex]citatione1 me non m9imam facilitatem 9 hac discipl9a mihi p>asse3 c5seo ,/udiosorum voluntati me satisfacturum1 eorumque pr(ectui consulturum1 si me?odos exp$itissimas 9 lucem pr(]am1 ad s+ulorum ,ar*itectur ,ord9um opticas del9eationes p]fici5das1 adhibit communi regul1 ex qua omnia l9e>um occult>um (f5dicula su/ulimus4 ,de9de1 si tempus vires ad aliud ,opus conscrib5dum ,bonitas ,div9a d$]it1 projectiones quascunque absolvemus regul qua 9 prs5tia uti soleo1 ac mult facilior univ]salior e/ regula communi vulgata1 quamvis hc sit fundam5tum alt]ius4 ,itaque1 ,lector /udiose1 con/anti animo negotium tuum suscipe2 ac l9eas omnes tu>um op]ationum1 ad v]um oculi punctum duc]e1 ad gloriam scilicet ,,dei ,o4,m4 tecum omn9 dec]ne4 ,sic votis hone/issimis1 ut auguror tibi ac spondeo1 felicit] poti]is4 ,,to ,! ,lov]s ( ,p]spective4 ,! ,art ( ,,p]spective does1 ) wond]ful ,pleasure1 deceive ! ,eye1 ! mo/ subtle ( all our outw>d ,s5ses2 & is v necess>y to be kn[n ( all1 :o 9 ,pa9t+ w\ld give a due ,place & ,proportion to _! ,figures1 & m or less ,/r5g? requisite to ! ,lights & ,%ades ( ! ,picture4 ,?is might be ins5sibly atta9'd1 if ,p]sons1 n cont5t ) ! ,/udy ( ,draw+ only1 w\ld accu/om !mselves exactly to del9eate ! sev]al ,ord]s ( ,ar*itecture4 ,nev]!less1 among _m :o h hi!rto vigor\sly und]tak5 ?is ,"w1 !re h be5 b v few1 :o h n be5 9 a mann] q disc\rag'd1 ?r\gh want ( ,ma/]s & ,books to tea* !m cle>ly & me?odically ! ,rules ( ,p]spective-,projections1 f ! fir/ ,pr9ciples ( ! ,art1 to ! entire ,p]fection !re(4 ,:]e=e1 appreh5d+ t by long & con/ant ,practice 9 ,works ( ?is k9d1 ,i _h acquir'd a ,me?od to facilitate ! same2 ,i judg'd x might be = ! ,satisfaction & ,advantage ( ! ,/udi\s1 to publi% ! %orte/ way = design+ 9 ,p]spective ! sev]al ,ord]s ( ,ar*itecture1 by a common & easy ,rule1 free f ! ,incumbrances ( occult ,l9es4 ,b if x please ,god to give me ,life & ,heal? to compose ano!r ,book1 ,i %all !re9 %ew ! ,me?od ( putt+ ,works into ,p]spective by ! ,rule ,i make use ( at pres5t1 :i* is m easy & g5]al ?an ! common way1 ?\gh ?is be ! ,f\ndation ( ! o!r4 ,!re=e1 ,read]1 my ,advice is1 t y *e>fully beg9 y\r ,"w1 ) a ,resolution to draw all ! ,l9es !re( to t true po9t1 ! ,glory ( ,,god2 & ,i dur/ pr$ict1 & promise y good ,success 9 s hon\rable an ,und]tak+4 ,,! ,approbation ( ?is ,edition4 ,at ! ,reque/ ( ! ,engrav]1 ,we h p]us'd ?is ,volume ( ,,p]spective2 & judge x a ,,"w t des]ves ,enc\ragem5t1 & v prop] = ,in/ruction 9 t ,,art4 ,*r4 ,wr51 ,j4 ,vanbrugh1 ,n4 ,hawksmoor4 ,illu/ration ,,pozzo's ,,ar*itecture ,,9 ,,p]spective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,i4 ,,figura ,,prima4 ,explicatio l9e>um ,plani ,horizontis1 ac ,punctorum ,oculi ,di/anti4 ,ut pr9cipia ,p]spectiv facilis intelligas1 pono tibi ob oculos ,templum1 9 cujus int]iori facie1 prt] ct]a1 p+5dum sit aliquid ad ,p]spectivam p]t95s4 ,templi hujus ve/igium geometricum e/ ,a1 elevatio geometrica 9 longum e/ ,b1 9 latum e/ ,c4 ,9 ,a e/ locus ,hom9is aspici5tis l9eam ,,de1 cui p>ies p+5dus incumbit4 ,9 ,b idem ,homo ex edem di/anti intuetur l9eam ,,fg1 qu ref]t elevationem p>ietis4 ,9 figura ,c supponimus ,hom9em consi/]e regione ipsius p>ietis3 easdemque proportiones m5suratum translatas esse ex v]o p>iete 9 figuram ,c1 qu ipsum 9 p>vo reprs5tat4 ,prima ergo l9ea ,,hi dicitur l9ea t]r vel plani1 ex qu incipit1 eidemque incumbit dificium4 ,secunda l9ea ,,non priori p>allela1 dicitur horizontalis1 9 qu ponitur ,o punctum oculi1 ,n punctum di/anti4 ,duo autem puncta di/anti nobis posita sunt1 ut unum adhibeas ex qu p>te volu]is2 nam ad figuras optic contrah5das sufficit unum punctum di/anti3 nec fi]i pote/ ulla optica del9eatio1 qu9 primo loco design5tur du p>allel1 una plani seu t]r1 alt]a horizontis1 not&o 9 l9e horizontis1 punctum oculi1 seu opticum1 punctum di/anti4 ,porr unam e&emque rem triplici ,s*emate reprs5t>e oportuit1 ut videas1 locum ex quo aspici5da e/ figura ,c esse punctum ,n unius ex rectis ,,no1 quam concip]e debemus veluti normalit] infixam 9 ,o2 ac di/antiam int] ,o ,n e&em esse deb]e cum di/anti int] ,a ,,de1 int] ,b ,,gf4 ,9 picturis multum spatii occupantibus1 punctum oculi poni solet 9 m$io l9e horizontalis3 atque ubi altitudo pictur sit major latitud9e1 di/antia ,,no fiet qualis altitud9i4 ,si latitudo pictur sit major altitud9e1 di/antia ,,no fiet qualis latitud9i2 ita enim unico intuitu totum pictur spatium compreh5di pot]it4 ,porr quamvis eadem di/antia div]so modo adhibeatur 9 ve/igio ,a1 9 elevationibus ,b ,c2 nihilom9us sectiones visualium cum p>iete ve/igii ,a1 elevationis ,b1 omn9 conspirant cum sectionibus visualium figur ,c4 ,jam si velimus ut spectatori 9 ,a ,b p>ies depictus videatur di/>e l9eis ,,de ,,gf1 quanta e/ longitudo quadrati ,p1 cujus elevatio e/ ,q2 ex punctis ,a ,b fiant visuales ad puncta extrema quadrati1 not&o sectiones visualium cum p>iete ,,de ,,gf1 qui ab aliis vocatur velum1 vitrum diaphanum1 sectio1 tela1 vel tabula4 ,inv5ies autem1 l9eas ,,rs ac ,,tv esse quales1 ac similit] l9eas ,,xz ,,yk2 sic de aliis4 ,! ,fir/ ,figure4 ,explication ( ! ,l9es ( ! ,plan & ,horizon1 & ( ! ,po9ts ( ! ,eye & ( ! ,di/ance4 ,t y may ! bett] und]/& ! ,pr9ciples ( ,p]spective1 "h is pres5t$ to y\r ,view a ,temple1 on ! inn] ,wall ( :i*1 among/ o!r ?+s1 "o w\ld pa9t some?+ 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( ?is ,*ur* is ,a1 ! ,geometrical ,elevation1 or ,upright1 l5g?wise is ,b1 bread?wise is ,c4 ,9 ,a is ! ,place f :5ce a ,man beholds ! ,l9e ,,de1 :i* is ! ,plan ( ! ,wall t is to be pa9t$3 ,9 ,b ! same ,man1 f ! same ,di/ance1 looks ^u ! ,l9e ,,fg1 t repres5ts ! ,elevation ( ! ,wall4 ,9 ,fig4 ,c1 ! ,man is suppos$ to /& opposite to ! said ,wall2 & ?is ,figure conta9s1 9 ,little1 ! v same ,proportions ( ,measures transf]r'd f ! real ,wall4 ,! fir/ ,l9e !re=e ,,hi is call'd ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 or ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 at :i* ! ,edifice beg9s1 & on :i* x /&s4 ,! second ,l9e ,,non1 p>allel to ! =m]1 is call'd ! ,horizontal ,l9e1 :]e9 is plac'd ,o ! ,po9t ( ! ,eye1 & ,n ! ,po9t ( ! ,di/ance4 ,two ,po9ts ( ,di/ance are "h laid d[n1 t y may make use ( :i* y please2 = t on "o ,side only is suffici5t = ! =e-%ort'n+ ,figures 9 ,p]spective3 ,nei!r c any ,optick ,del9eation1 or ,p]spective1 be describ$1 )\t fir/ mak+ two ,p>allels2 "o ( ! ,plan1 or ,gr\nd-l9e1 ! o!r ( ! ,horizon2 m>k+1 9 ! ,l9e ( ! ,horizon1 ! ,po9t ( ! ,eye1 or ,sight1 & ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance4 ,x 0 ?\ght besides exp$i5t to put "o & ! same ,?+ into ?ree ,s*emes or ,designs1 to let y see1 t ! ,place1 f :i* ! ,figure ,c is to be look'd ^u1 is ! ,po9t ,n1 "o ( ! "r ,l9es ,,no1 :i* mu/ be conceiv$ z fixt at "r ,angles into ,o2 ! ,di/ance ,,on be+ ! same z t betwe5 ,a & ,,de 9 ! ,plan1 or betwe5 ,b & ,,gf 9 ! ,upright4 ,9 ,pictures tak+ up a great deal ( ,room1 ! ,po9t ( ,sight ought to be made 9 ! middle ( ! ,horizontal ,l9e2 & :]e ! ,height ( ! ,picture happ5s to be great] ?an ! ,bread?1 ! ,di/ance ,,no mu/ be made equal to ! ,height4 ,if ! ,bread? ( ! ,picture exce$ ! ,height1 ! ,di/ance ,,no mu/ be made equal to ! ,bread?3 ,= s w ! ,ext5t ( ! ,picture be ! bett] compreh5d$1 or receiv'd1 at "o ,view4 ,& al?o' ! same ,di/ance may seem to be us$ 9 a diff]5t mann] 9 ! ,plan ,a1 & 9 ! ,elevation ,b1 f :at x is 9 ,c2 nev]!less ! ,sections ( ! visual ,rays1 ) ! ,wall ( ! ,plan ,a1 & ( ! ,elevation ,b1 h a p]fect ,correspond5ce ) ! ,sections ( ^? ( ! ,figure ,c4 ,n[1 if to ! ,spectator 9 ,a & ,b1 we w\ld h ! f>!/ ,"p ( ! ,"w seem to rec$e f ! ,l9es ,,de & ,,gf1 z mu* z ! ,squ>e ,p does1 ^: ,elevation is ,q2 draw f ! ,po9ts ,a & ,b1 ! visual ,rays to ! extreme ,po9ts ( ! ,squ>e ,p & ,q2 not+ ! ,sections !y make ) ! ,walls ,,de & ,,gf2 :i* by "s is call'd ! ,veil1 ,transp>5t ,m$ium1 ,section1 ,clo?1 or ,table3 & y'll f9d ,,rs equal to ,,tv1 ,,xz equal to ,,yk2 & s ( ! re/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,ii4 ,,figura ,secunda4 ,modus del9e&i optic ,quadratum4 ,ante descriptionem opticam quadrati ,a1 quod f+imus del9eatum esse 9 papyro sep>at1 duc5d sunt du l9e p>allel2 alt]a plani1 alt]a horizontis1 ut jam docuimus2 not&o 9 l9ea horizontis punctum oculi ,o1 punctum di/anti ,e4 ,tum translat 9 l9eam plani latitud9e ac longitud9e ipsius quadrati ,a1 ita ut l9ea ,,cb sit qualis latitud9i1 ,,dc sit qualis longitud9i4 ,ex punctis ,b ,c fiunt visuales ,,bo1 ,,co ad punctum oculi2 ex puncto ,d fit recta ,,de ad punctum di/anti4 ,demum ubi visualem ,,co secat recta ,,de1 fit ,,gf p>allela ad ,,cb2 habesque quadratum optic contractum4 ,comp5dium temporis laboris facies1 prs]tim 9 s*ematibus qu abundant l9eis1 si *>tulam 9 m$io complicav]is1 eademque ut>is1 ut latitud9em ac longitud9em quadrati transf]as 9 l9eam plani4 ,! ,second ,figure4 ,mann] ( del9eat+ a ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,be=e ! ,squ>e ,a1 :i* is suppos$ to be drawn on a sep>ate ,pap]1 c be laid d[n 9 ,p]spective1 two p>allel ,l9es mu/ be drawn2 "o ( ! ,plan1 ! o!r ( ! ,horizon1 z is already intimat$2 not+ 9 ! ,horizontal ,l9e ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 & ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,e4 ,!n1 :5 ! ,l5g? & ,bread? ( ! ,squ>e ,a %all be transf]r'd into ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 s t ! ,l9e ,,cb be equal to ! ,bread?1 & ,,dc be equal to ! ,l5g?1 let ! visual ,l9es ,,bo1 ,,co be drawn f ! ,po9ts ,b & ,c to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 & ! "r ,l9e ,,de f ! ,po9t ,d to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance4 ,la/ly1 :]e ! ,l9e ,,de cuts ! ,visual ,,co1 make ,,gf p>allel to ,,cb3 & y h ! ,squ>e ,optically contract$1 or =e-%ort5'd 9 ,p]spective4 ,to sp>e ,"t & ,pa9s1 especially 9 ,figures t ab\nd 9 ,l9es1 fold y\r ,pap] 9 ! middle1 & make use ( x to transf] ! ,bread? & ,l5g? ( ! ,squ>e1 into ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,iii4 ,,figura ,,t]tia4 ,optica del9eatio rectanguli1 alt] p>te longioris4 ,latitudo ,,bc rectanguli ,a ponatur 9 l9ea plani1 adhibito circ9o1 vel *>tul complicat2 ex punctis ,b ,c fiant visuales ad ,o1 punctum p]spectiv4 ,tum papyro ex alt]a p>te it]um complicat1 notetur longitudo ,,cd rectanguli2 duc5do tum rectam ,,de ad punctum di/anti1 tum rectam ,,fg p>allelam ad ,,bc1 qu complebit opticam del9eationem rectanguli4 ,alt]a figura o/5dit complicationem cruci=mem papyri1 qu adhib]i pote/ 9 del9e&is rectangulis1 seu latitudo eorum sit major longitud9e1 aut vice v]s2 seu latitudo longitudo s9t quales4 ,! ,?ird ,figure4 ,! ,del9eation ( an ,oblong ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,let ! ,bread? ,,bc ( ! ,squ>e ,a1 be plac'd 9 ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 by ! ,compass1 or a fold$ ,pap]1 & f ! ,po9ts ,b & ,c1 make ! ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o4 ,!n fold y\r ,pap] cross-wise1 & m>k ,,cd ! ,l5g? ( ! ,squ>e1 draw+ ! ,l9e ,,de to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 & ! ,l9e ,,fg p>allel to ,,bc1 :i* w complete ! ,optick ,del9eation ( ! oblong ,squ>e4 ,! o!r ,figure %ews ! ,fold+ ( ! ,pap] cross-wise1 :i* is ( ready use 9 del9eat+ ,squ>es1 ^: ,bread? exce$s _! ,l5g?1 or vice v]s2 or ^: ,l5g? & ,bread? are equal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,iv4 ,,figura ,,qu>ta4 ,optica descriptio quadrati duplicis4 ,iam incipies frui comp5dio papyri complicat4 ,nam eam admov5do l9e plani1 nullo negotio not>e pot]is puncta #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 l9e>um visualium1 qu duc5tur ad ,o punctum p]spectiv4 ,ex9de complicat rursum *>tul 9 crucem ad ,p1 notabuntur hc puncta2 #g1 co9cid5s cum puncto #f1 nisi quadratum di/et l9ea plani2 #h1 #i1 #aj4 ,ductis autem rectis ex #h1 #i1 #aj1 ad punctum ,e1 ubi secant visualem #f1 #g1 ,o fi5t p>allel1 eritque completa del9eatio4 ,9 m$io quadrati ,b1 aliud quadratum facil describetur1 duc5do diagonales seu diametros ab angulo ad angulum1 ut 9 figura4 ,! ,f\r? ,figure4 ,! ,optical ,del9eation ( a d\ble ,squ>e4 ,"h y'll f9d ! ,advantage ( y\r fold$ ,pap]2 =1 apply+ x to ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 y readily m>k ! ,po9ts #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 ( ! visual ,l9es1 :i* mu/ be drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o4 ,!n fold+ ! ,pap] cross-wise1 z 9 ,p1 y m>k ! ,po9ts #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 plac+ ! ,po9t #g on t ( #f1 unless y w\ld h ! ,squ>e remov$ )9 ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan4 ,!n f #h1 #i1 #aj1 draw+ ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,e2 :]e !y int]sect ! ,l9e #f1 #g1 ,o1 draw ,p>allels to ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan2 & y\r ,"w is done4 ,)9 ! ,squ>e ,b1 y may easily inscribe ano!r ,squ>e1 by help ( ! ,diagonals2 z may be se5 9 ! ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,v4 ,,figura ,,qu9ta4 ,ve/igia quadratorum1 cum elevationibus4 ,suppositis iis qu jam diximus de ,contractione optica ,quadratorum1 not&um e/1 ve/igium primi ,quadrati di/>e l9ea plani spatio ,,ba optic contracto2 quia l9ea ,,bd habet visuali ,,ao1 di/antiam ,,ba4 ,eodem modo ,quadratum secundum di/at l9ea plani spatio ,,ea1 sic de9ceps4 ,velim obs]ves1 9 omnibus 8 ,quadratis l9eas longitud9is esse p>tes visualium1 l9eas v]o latitud9is esse p>allelas l9e plani1 9 primo ,quadrato duci ex punctis1 9 quibus l9e ,,bd1 ,,cd1 t5d5tes ad punctum di/anti1 secant visualem ,,ao4 ,sub s+ulis ve/igiis ,quadratorum1 del9eavimus alia omn9o similia1 p] qu p>vo labore fi5t tres bases1 erig5do ad libitum duas primas p]p5dicul>es quales2 ac duc5do tum duas visuales ad punctum oculi ,o1 tum reliquas1 ut 9 figura4 ,suppon5dum e/ autem1 geometricam altitud9em cujuslibet rei desumi ex l9eis normalibus ad l9eam plani2 quemadmodum latitudo longitudo geometrica desumuntur ex eadem l9ea plani4 ,tres ali bases inf]iores =mantur s9e l9eis occultis ex ve/igio ex elevatione longitud9is optic de=matis1 adhib5do solas altitud9es ac latitud9es angulorum4 ,nom9e altitud9is intelligimus di/antiam cujuslibet anguli l9ea plani2 nom9e latitud9is intelligimus di/antiam anguli ab una aliqua l9ea normali ad l9eam plani2 dummodo h normales e&em habeant positionem respectu basium1 respectu ve/igiorum elevationum4 ,quemadmodum autem p] concursum altitud9is ,,fg1 latitud9is ,,hi1 ope duorum circ9orum inv5itur unus angulus 9 una basi2 ita inv5iuntur ct]i tum 9 ea1 tum 9 reliquis4 ,! ,fif? ,figure4 ,plans ( ,squ>es1 ) _! ,elevations4 ,besides :at has be5 already said ( ! =e-%ort'n+ ( ,squ>es 9 ,p]spective1 x is conv5i5t to obs]ve1 ,t ! ,foot ( ! fir/ ,squ>e is "h set )9 ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 z mu* z ! ,space ,,ba optically contract$2 because ! ,l9e ,,bd has ! ,di/ance ,,ba f ! ,visual ,,ao3 ,& 9 l mann]1 ! second ,squ>e is di/ant f ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan ! ,space ,,ea2 & s = ! re/4 ,i w\ld h y obs]ve 9 all ^! ,squ>es1 ,t by ! ,l5g? ,i always und]/& "p ( ! visual ,l9es1 & by ! ,bread? ^? p>allel to ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 :i* 9 ! fir/ ,squ>e are drawn f ! ,po9ts 9 :i* ! ,l9es ,,bd1 ,,cd1 t5d+ to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 int]sect ! ,visual ,,ao4 ,"u ! ,plans ( ^! ,squ>es are describ$ ?ree o!rs j l !m1 :i* are easily conv]t$ into ?ree ,bases1 by erect+1 at pleasure1 ! two fir/ ,p]p5dicul>s ( equal ,height1 & !nce draw+ two ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 :i* also b\nd ! re/1 z 9 ! ,figure4 ,obs]ve also1 ,t ! ,geometrical ,height ( e ?+ is to be set p]p5dicul>ly f ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 or ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 z ! ,geometrical ,l5g? & ,bread? are also plac$ on ! same ,l9e4 ,! ?ree o!r ,bases bel[ are =m'd )\t ! ,help ( ,occult ,l9es1 by mak+ use only ( ! ,heights & ,bread?s ( ! ,angles1 tak5 f ! ,p]spective ,plan & ,upright4 ,by ,height ,i und]/& ! ,di/ance ( ea* ,angle1 or ,corn]1 f ! ,gr\nd-,l9e2 ,by ,bread?1 ! ,di/ance ( an ,angle1 or ,corn]1 f any ,l9e p]p5dicul> to ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 provid$ ^! ,l9es h always ! same ,place 9 respect ( ! ,bases1 z !y h 9 respect ( ! ,p]spective ,plan & ,upright4 ,& z1 by ! ,help ( two ,compasses1 ! ,height ,,fg1 & ! ,bread? ,,hi det]m9e ! ,corn] ( ! fir/ ,base2 s1 9 l mann]1 are f\nd ! ,corn]s ( ! o!r ,bases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,vi4 ,,figura ,,sexta4 ,modus optic del9eationis1 absque l9eis occultis4 ,9 hac figura sexta1 ve/igium geometricum ,b seorsim posui ab elevatione geometrica ,a1 ut de9ceps faciemus4 ,ve/igium ,b optic contractum 9 ,e e/ ,,nmrs2 elevatio contracta longitud9is ve/igii e/ ,,ftsn4 ,posito autem qud altitud9es ,,fn1 #a1 #e1 #b1 #f1 s9t quales2 latitud9es ,,nm1 #a1 #b1 #e1 #f1 s9t quales2 rect ,,nm1 #e1f1 s9t 9 l9ea ,x plani2 rect ,,fn1 #a1 #e1 s9t 9 p]p5diculo ,v3 anguli #c #d basis ,c hab5t e&em elevationem seu di/antiam l9ea ,x plani1 quam habet angulus ,t3 anguli #a #b hab5t elevationem1 quam angulus ,f3 anguli #c #g hab5t e&em latitud9em seu di/antiam p]p5diculo ,v1 quam habet angulus ,r3 anguli #b #f hab5t e&em latitud9em1 quam habet angulus ,m4 ,! ,six? ,figure4 ,! ,mann] ( design+ 9 ,p]spective1 )\t occult ,l9es4 ,9 ?is six? ,figure1 ,i h design'd ! ,geometrical ,plan ,b sep>ately f ! ,geometrical ,elevation ,a1 z ,i %all always d h]eaft]4 ,! ,plan ,b optically contract$1 or put 9 ,p]spective1 9 ,e1 is ,,nmrs2 ! ,elevation ( its ,l5g? 9 ,p]spective is ,,ftsn4 ,!n suppos+ ! ,heights ,,fn1 #a1e1 #b1f1 equal2 & ! ,bread?s ,,nm1 #a1b1 #e1f1 equal2 ! ,l9es ,,nm1 #e1f1 to be 9 ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan ,x2 & ! ,l9es ,,fn1 #a1e1 9 ! ,p]p5dicul> ,v3 ! ,angles #c & #d ( ! ,base ,c h ! v same ,elevation or ,di/ance f ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan ,x1 z has ! ,angle ,t3 ! ,angles #a & #b h ! same ,elevation ) ! ,angle ,f3 ! ,angles #c & #g h ! same ,bread? or ,di/ance f ! ,p]p5dicul> ,v1 z ! ,angle ,r has3 ! ,angles #b & #f h ! same ,bread?1 z ! ,angle ,m has4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,vii4 ,,figura ,,septima4 ,aliud exemplum ve/igii geometrici1 cum elevatione longitud9is4 ,si del9e&a sit basis dissecta 9 quatuor p>tes1 fiat ve/igium ,a cum suis divisionibus longitud9is ,,ed latitud9is ,,cd4 ,easdem v]o divisiones latitud9is habebit 9 ,,ef elevatio ,b qu p]t+it usque ad ,x4 ,porro ad contractionem opticam ve/igii adhibebitur papyrus complicata 9 latum 9 longum1 transf]5do 9 l9eam plani latitud9em longitud9em ve/igii4 ,de9de nullo negotio fiet optica de=matio elevationis1 ut cl> positum e/ 9 figura4 ,quomodo autem ex ve/igio ex elevatione longitud9is optic imm9utis eruatur basis nitida s9e l9eis occultis1 ex prc$5tibus manife/um e/4 ,opt>em ut p] assiduam circ9i tractationem 9 hac me?odo ex]c5da op]am s$ul ponas2 quum ex ea p5deat omnis facilitas del9eationum optic>um4 ,! ,sev5? ,figure4 ,ano!r ,example ( a ,geometrical ,plan & ,upright1 put 9 ,p]spective4 ,= draw+ 9 ,p]spective a ,p$e/al1 or ,base1 divid$ into f\r ,p>ts1 make ! ,plan ,a ) its ,divisions ( ,l5g? ,,ed1 & ( ,bread? ,,cd2 & ! same ,divisions ( ,bread? ,,ef1 9 ! ,elevation ,b1 prolong'd to ,x4 ,!n make ! ,p]spective-,plan1 by transf]r+ ! ,bread? & ,l5g? into ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 by means ( y\r ,pap] fold$ cross-wise4 ,f :i* ,plan ! ,p]spective-,upright is v easily made1 z may be pla9ly se5 9 ! ,figure4 ,h[ ! ,base bel[1 )\t occult ,l9es1 is made f ! ,p]spective-,plan & ,upright1 is manife/ f :at has be5 said be=e4 ,i c\ld wi% y w\ld be v dilig5t 9 ! ,practice ( ?is ,me?od by ! ,compass2 because ! ,dispat* ( ,p]spective-,del9eations *iefly dep5ds !reon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,figura ,,octava4 ,optica projectio /ylobat4 ,si libitum fu]it del9e>e /ylobatam1 cum projecturis 9 summo imo1 incipies ab elevatione geometrica ,a1 duc5do occultas ad id necess>ias1 tum v]sus p]p5dicul>em ,l1 tum deorsum pro ve/igio geometrico ,b1 cujus di/anti transf]5tur 9 spatium ,g4 ,si m5sur longitud9is di/5t spatio ,c m5suris latitud9is1 ve/igium de=matum videbitur di/>e l9ea ,k plani1 quantum e/ idem spatium ,c4 ,9 con/ru5da optica elevatione ,d1 visuales ex punctis l9e ,l dabunt l9eas latitud9is2 l9eas v]o altitud9is accipies ex l9eis ve/igii contracti1 ut 9 figura4 ,9 =m&o /ylobata nitido ,,ef1 locum anguli ,h dabit concursus latitud9is ex l9ea ,l usque ad ,m1 altitud9is ex l9ea ,k usque ad ,i4 ,concursus tum ejusdem altitud9is1 tum latitud9is ex ,l usque ad ,o1 dabit angulum ,n4 ,demum altitud9em anguli ,p accipies ex ,k usque ad ,q2 latitud9em ex ,l usque ad ,r4 ,! ,eigh? ,figure4 ,! ,projection ( a ,p$e/al 9 ,p]spective4 ,if y w\ld draw a ,p$e/al1 ) ! ,projecture ( its ,cap & ,base1 y mu/ beg9 ) ! ,geometrical ,elevation ,a1 by draw+ su* occult ,l9es z are necess>y1 z well sideways to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,l1 z d[nw>ds = mak+ ! ,geometrical ,plan ,b1 ^: ,di/ances mu/ be transf]r'd1 & c>ry'd into ! ,space ,g4 ,if ! ,measures ( ! ,l5g? be plac$ ! ,di/ance ( ! ,space ,c1 f ^? ( ! ,bread?1 ! ,p]spective-,plan w !n appe> remov$ )9 ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,k1 z mu* z ! said ,space ,c is4 ,9 ! ,con/ruction ( ! ,p]spective ,elevation ,d1 ! ,visuals drawn f ! ,po9ts ( ! ,l9e ,l give ! ,l9es ( ! ,bread?2 & ^? ( ! ,height are tak5 f ! ,l9es ( ! ,p]spective-,plan1 z 9 ! ,figure4 ,9 del9eat+ ! clean or f9i%'d ,p$e/al ,,ef1 ! ,int]section ( ! ,bread? f ,l to ,m1 ) ! ,height f ,k to ,i1 gives ! precise ,place ( ! ,corn] ,h4 ,! ,int]section ( ! same ,height ) ! ,bread? ,,lo gives ! ,angle ,n4 ,la/ly1 ! ,angle ,p is f\nd by ! ,int]section ( ! ,height ,,kq1 ) t ( ! ,bread? ,,lr4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,ix4 ,,figura ,,nona4 ,optica del9eatio ,ar*itectur ,jacobi ,b>ozzii2 primum1 de ,/ylobata ,ord9is ,etrusci4 ,p]spectiva nusquam cl>is emicat1 qum 9 ,ar*itectura4 ,iccirco tibi ob oculos pono ,ar*itecturam ,jacobi ,b>ozzii1 quem patria nuncupant ,il ,vignola1 reliquis =tasse usitatiorem2 9 eaque cont9etur elevatio geometrica s+ulorum qu9que ,ord9um1 qui vocantur1 ,etruscus1 ,doricus1 ,ionicus1 ,cor9?ius1 ,romanus1 vel ,compositus2 del9e&o seorsim p>tes cujuscunque ,ord9is 9 figuris gr&ioribus4 ,elevationi geometric suum ve/igium nos addemus2 ex ve/igio autem ex elevatione optic de=matis1 eliciemus app>5tias solidorum juxta regulam traditam4 ,exempli gratia1 si del9e>e velis /ylobatam quadratum pilam ,ord9is ,etrusci1 prt] elevationem geometricam ,a del9e>e oportet ve/igium geometricum ,b2 ex ambobus autem optic contractis =matur /ylobata nitidus ,d1 cum anta pila exi/5te ad latus1 accipi5do altitud9es l9ea plani1 latitud9es l9ea p]p5dicul>i ad ipsum planum4 ,9 alia del9eatione posuimus pilam ex adv]so1 ut eis omni modo del9e&is assuescas4 ,ad vit&am confusionem l9e>um1 prod]it ut figur fiant 8 no/ris mult gr&iores3 9 quem f9em s+ulis pag9is apposita e/ scala modulorum4 ,hoc nom9e intelliguntur p>tes quales1 9 quas dividuntur l9e latitud9is altitud9is elevationum geometric>um2 ac l9e latitud9is longitud9is ve/igiorum geometricorum4 ,si moduli s9t p>vi1 subdividuntur s+uli 9 duodecim p>tes2 ac pr\t fu]9t gr&iores1 subdividuntur 9 p>tes trig9ta1 vel sexag9ta1 vel c5tumvig9ti4 ,modulos ,etruscum ,doricmque 9 p>tes duodecim2 reliquos autem 9 octodecim p>titi sunt4 ,! ,n9? ,figure4 ,! ,ar*itecture ( ,vignola 9 ,p]spective2 & fir/1 ( 8 ,p$e/al ( ! ,tuscan ,ord]4 ,p]spective nev] appe>s m graceful1 ?an 9 ,ar*itecture2 = :i* ,reason ,i pres5t y ) t ( ,james ,b>ozzi1 f 8 ,c\ntry g5]ally call'd ,vignola2 :i* p]haps is m 9 use ?an any o!r2 & conta9s ! ,geometrical ,upright ( ea* ( ! five ,ord]s1 viz4 ! ,tuscan1 ,dorick1 ,ionick1 ,cor9?ian1 & ! ,roman1 or ,composite2 toge!r ) a sep>ate ,del9eation ( ! ,p>ts ( ea* ,ord]1 9 l>g] ,figures4 ,to ?is ,geometrical ,elevation we %all add ! ,plan1 &1 f bo? ( !m r$uc'd into ,p]spective1 %all draw ! ,appe>ances ( ,solids1 accord+ to ! ,rule be=e laid d[n4 ,= ,example3 ,if y w\ld draw ! squ>e ,tuscan ,p$e/al1 & its ,pila/]1 y mu/1 f ! ,geometrical ,elevation ,a1 make ! ,geometrical ,plan ,b2 & f bo? ( !m r$uc'd 9 ,p]spective1 draw ! f9i%'d ,p$e/al ,d1 ) t ( its ,pila/] on ! ,side1 by tak+ ! ,heights f ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 & ! ,bread?s f a ,l9e p]p5dicul> to ! same4 ,on ! o!r ,side we h plac$ ! ,pila/] on ! ,back-"p1 t y may practise ! ,draw+ !m 9 any mann]4 ,= avoid+ ! ,confusion ( ,l9es1 ,i advise y to make ! ,figures z mu* l>g] ?an ours z y c2 = :i* purpose !re is annex'd a ,scale ( ,modules to ea* ,figure4 ,by ?is ,"n we und]/& ! equal ,p>ts1 into :i* ! ,l9es ( ! ,bread? & ,height ( ! ,geometrical ,uprights1 & ( ! ,bread? & ,l5g? ( ! ,geometrical ,plans1 are divid$4 ,if ! ,modules are small1 !y are subdivid$ into twelve ,p>ts2 & accord+ z !y are l>g]1 into ?irty1 sixty1 or an hundr$ & tw5ty ,p>ts4 ,i h divid$ ! ,tuscan & ,dorick ,module into twelve ,p>ts1 & t ( ! o!r ,ord]s into eighte54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,figura ,,decima4 ,optica de=matio /ylobat ,dorici2 ubi de modo vit&i confusionem1 9 ve/igiis del9e&is4 ,elevatio geometrica ,b /ylobat ,dorici cont9et e&em symmetriam p>tium qu habetur apud ,b>ozzium2 ex eaque eruitur ve/igium geometricum ,a p] l9eas occultas1 qu desc5dant ex punctis t]m9ativis prcipu>um projectur>um4 ,e>undem projectur>um di/anti transf]5d sunt 9 l9eam elevationis1 not&o puncta qu necess>ia sunt ad de=m&am elevationem longitud9is /ylobat4 ,si ob prop9quitatem l9e plani ad l9eam horizontis1 ve/igium evadat confusum1 fiant 9 di/antia congrua sub l9ea plani ali l9e planorum ipsi p>allel1 cum suis ve/igiis4 ,quid autem emolum5ti aff]at di/antia major pr m9ori1 o/5dit ve/igium ,e di/9ctis ve/igio ,d4 ,s+ula hc ve/igia fiunt not&o 9 l9ea cujuslibet plani m5suras latitud9is longitud9is ve/igii ,a1 duc5do l9eas ad eadem puncta oculi ac di/anti4 ,/ylobatam nitidum descripsimus ex p>te ,g1 tum ex necessitate1 tum ut videas1 pro di/antia ,,fo1 usurp&am esse di/antiam ,,g p5itus qualem4 ,! ,t5? ,figure4 ,a ,dorick ,p$e/al 9 ,p]spective2 ) ! ,mann] ( avoid+ ,confusion1 9 design+ ! ,plans4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ,b has ! same ,memb]s & ,proportions1 z ! ,dorick ,p$e/al ( ,vignola2 & ! ,geometrical ,plan ,a is =m'd1 by lett+ fall occult ,l9es f ! pr9cipal ,projectures ( ! ,upright4 ,occult ,l9es are also to be cont9u$ to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,f1 f ! sev]al ,memb]s requisite = elevat+ 9 ,p]spective ! ,l5g? ( ! ,p$e/al4 ,:51 by reason ( ! too ne> ,approa* ( ! ,gr\nd-l9e to t ( ! ,horizon1 ! ,plan becomes !reby confus'd2 draw at a conv5i5t ,di/ance und]nea?1 o!r ,gr\nd-l9es p>allel to ! fir/2 toge!r ) ! ,plans 9 ,p]spective4 ,& ( :at ,advantage ! ,removal ( ! ,gr\nd-l9e is1 is evid5t f ! ,plan ,e1 :i* is mu* m di/9ct ?an ! ,plan ,d4 ,ea* ( ^! ,plans is made1 by m>k+ ^u its respective ,gr\nd-l9e ! ,measures ( ! ,bread? & ,l5g? ( ! ,plan ,a1 & by draw+ ,l9es to ! same ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance1 :i* 7 fir/ assign'd4 ,we h plac$ ! f9i%'d ,p$e/al on ! ,side ,g1 p>tly = want ( ,room1 & p>tly to %ew1 t ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,g is !re made use (1 ,,g be+ equal to ,,fo4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xi4 ,,figura ,undecima4 ,/ylobat ,ionici de=matio2 ubi de vit&a confusione 9 elevationibus4 ,tum 9 figura prc$5ti1 tum rursus 9 hac1 o/5dimus quid ag5dum sit ubi ve/igia ,,aa nimium obliqu5tur1 unde oritur confusio2 prcipu 9 l9eis p>allelis qu exhib5t latitud9es4 ,non m9or difficultas int]dum occurret 9 elevationibus longitud9is optic de=m&is2 qud videlicet1 ob nimiam e>um obliquitatem1 p]vium non sit altitud9es s+ul>um projectur>um prob disc]n]e ac design>e4 ,ad scopulos i/os decl9&os1 loco elevationis ,b adhibebitur elevatio ,c1 qu di/9ctior e/1 tum ill1 tum duabus int]m$iis ,d ,e1 ob majorem di/antiam quam habet puncto oculi4 ,9 del9e&o /ylobata nitido1 latitud9es accipi5tur ex ultimo ve/igio1 pon5do unam cuspidem circ9i 9 l9ea p]p5dicul>i1 qu proxima e/ lit] ,o3 altitud9es accipi5tur ex elevatione ,c1 pon5do unam cuspidem circ9i 9 l9ea plani1 ut 9 prc$5tibus o/5sum e/4 ,! ,elev5? ,figure4 ,! ,ionick ,p$e/al 9 ,p]spective2 ) ! ,mann] ( avoid+ ,confusion1 9 ,elevations4 ,z 9 ! =ego+ ,figure1 s 9 ?is also is %ewn :at is to be done1 :]e ! ,plans ,,aa lie s oblique1 z to cause ,confusion2 especially 9 ! ,p>allel-l9es :i* give ! ,bread?s4 ,! l ,inconv5i5ce (t5 happ5s 9 elevat+ ! ,l5g?s 9 ,p]spective2 :5 by _! too ne> ,approa* to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 ! ,cont\r ( ! sev]al ,m\ld+s c't be di/9ctly del9eat$3 ,= avoid+ :i*1 in/ead ( ,b y may make use ( ! ,elevation ,c1 :i* is n only m di/9ct ?an ! =m]1 b bett] ?an ei!r ( ! two int]m$iate ones ,d or ,e1 by s mu* z x is m remote f ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,9 design+ ! f9i%'d ,p$e/al1 ! ,bread?s are tak5 f ! l[e/ ,plan1 by sett+ "o ,po9t ( ! ,compasses 9 ! p]p5dicul> ,l9e ,,ol3 ! ,heights are tak5 f ! ,elevation ,c1 by plac+ "o ,po9t ( ! ,compasses 9 ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 z has be5 %ewn be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xii4 ,,figura ,duodecima4 ,de=matio /ylobat ,cor9?ii1 cum duabus pilis4 ,ornatus grati1 /ylobat ,cor9?io addit sunt pil1 qu pone columnas loc>i sol5t4 ,ut autem pil cl>is app>eant1 columna omissa e/1 cujus de=m& rationem nondum tradidimus4 ,m5suras omnes ex ,b>ozzio acceptas esse demon/rat ipsum s*ema1 9 quo elevatio geometrica /ylobat e/ ,a2 ve/igium ejus geometricum e/ ,b3 pil ,,cc4 ,ve/igium optic contractum e/ ,d1 elevatio longitud9is /ylobat optic contracta e/ ,e1 ac me?odo consuet ex iis eruetur /ylobata nitidus cum suis pilis4 ,! ,twelf? ,figure4 ,! ,cor9?ian ,p$e/al1 ) its ,pila/]s1 9 ,p]spective4 ,= ,ornam5ts sake1 we h add$ to ?is ,cor9?ian ,p$e/al ! ,pila/]s1 :i* are usually plac$ beh9d ,columns3 ,& t !y may be ! m p]spicu\s1 h left out ! ,column1 n hav+ yet %ewn ! ,mann] ( putt+ x 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,s*eme %ews ! ,measures are tak5 f ,vignola2 9 :i* ! ,geometrical ,upright ( ! ,p$e/al is ,a2 ! ,geometrical ,plan ( ! same is ,b2 t ( ! ,pila/]s ,,cc4 ,! ,plan 9 ,p]spective is ,d1 ! ,elevation 9 ,p]spective is ,e2 f :i* ! f9i%'d ,p$e/al & ,pila/]s are drawn by ! usual ,me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xiii4 ,figura ,decimat]tia4 ,projectio /ylobat1 ord9is ,compositi4 ,quum pag9a non cap]et integrum /ylobatam tant molis1 f+]e oportuit detractum illi esse aliquid de trunco2 ac p>tem supremam /ylobat su/5t>i ab infima1 non imm$iat1 s$ p] quatuor ass]es2 eisque impositam fuisse adjum5to funium susp5sorum ex tro*lea4 ,elevatio geometrica /ylobat e/ ,b2 ve/igium geometricum e/ ,a4 ,ex 8 eruitur optica del9eatio ve/igii ,c elevationis ,d4 ,ac po/ea =matur /ylobata nitidus ,e1 accipi5do latitud9es ex ve/igio ,c1 altitud9es ex elevatione ,d4 ,! ,?irte5? ,figure4 ,! ,projection ( a ,p$e/al1 ( ! ,composite ,ord]1 9 ,p]spective4 ,want+ ,room 9 ?is ,page to describe s l>ge a ,p$e/al entire1 we imag9e x to h lo/ "p ( its ,trunk1 & ! upp] "p to be set on ! l[]2 n imm$iately1 b on f\r ,cross-pieces t int]v5e2 & = plac+ x !reon1 we suppose ! ,assi/ance ( ,ropes & a ,pulley4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,p$e/al is ,b2 its ,plan ,a2 f :5ce are f\nd _! ,projections 9 ,p]spective ,d & ,c4 ,!n tak+ ! ,bread?s f ! ,plan ,c1 & ! ,height f ! ,elevation ,d1 y complete ! f9i%'d ,p$e/al ,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xiv4 ,figura ,decimaqu>ta4 ,de=matio circulorum4 ,ut /ylobatis impon]e liceat columnas cum suis basibus capitellis1 doc5dus e/ modus qui s]v&us e/ 9 projectione optica circulorum1 tum s+ul>ium1 tum duplicium aut multiplicium circa idem c5trum4 ,ve/igium geometricum ,a con/at quadrato 9 quatuor p>tes quales diviso1 cui circulus inscribitur1 additis diagonalibus3 ubi h secant circulum1 fiunt rect p>allel ad s+ula lat]a ipsius quadrati4 ,de9de quadratum cum omnibus divisionibus optic imm9uitur2 ac tum p] quatuor puncta ubi tres l9e rect se int]secant1 tum p] quatuor extrema reliqu>um du>um diametrorum circuli1 ducetur cum v5u/ate circumf]5tia circuli ,b4 ,si add]e velimus alium circulum1 ve/igio geometrico ,c inscribetur aliud quadratum2 indeque habebitur optica del9eatio duplicis circuli ,d4 ,int] hos duos quomodo liceat describ]e t]tium1 p] octo sectiones quadratorum1 o/5dunt figur ,e ,f4 ,uno v]bo1 circuli describuntur p] quadrata1 adhib5do sectiones visualium cum p>allelis ad l9eam plani2 ac nullum e/ punctum 9 quadratis circulis ,a1 ,c1 ,e1 cui p] sectiones illas nequeat inv5iri punctum correspond5s 9 quadratis circulis ,b1 ,d1 ,f4 ,nihilom9us ubi opus habeas pluribus circulis1 autor tibi sum ne multiplices quadrata1 plus confusionis allatura tibi quam adjum5ti4 ,! ,f\rte5? ,figure4 ,circles 9 ,p]spective4 ,t ^u ,p$e/als y may be able to place ,columns ) _! ,bases & ,capitals1 x is requisite y %\ld "k ! ,mann] ( putt+ ,circles into ,p]spective2 :e!r s+le1 d\ble1 or _m conc5trick4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ,a consi/s ( a ,squ>e ) a ,circle inscrib'd1 ^: ,diamet]s divide x into f\r equal ,p>ts2 & ! ,diagonals be+ drawn :]e !y int]sect ! ,circle1 cont9ue ,l9es p>allel to ea* ,side ( ! ,squ>e4 ,! ,squ>e1 ) all its ,divisions1 be+ put 9 ,p]spective2 by ! f\r extreme ,po9ts ( ! ,diamet]s1 & by ^? ( ! ,int]section ( ! ,diagonals1 y neatly trace by h& ! ,circumf]5ce ,b4 ,if y w\ld add ano!r ,circle1 y mu/ inscribe ano!r ,squ>e1 z 9 ! ,plan ,c2 f :5ce y f9d 9 ,p]spective ! d\ble ,circle ,d4 ,betwe5 ^! two ,circles1 y may1 by ! eight ,int]sections ( ! ,squ>es1 describe a ?ird2 z is evid5t by ! ,figures ,e & ,f4 ,9 a ^w1 all ,circles are describ$ by ! ,help ( ,squ>es1 trac+ !m by ! ,int]sections ( ! visual ,l9es1 ) ^? p>allel to ! ,gr\nd-l9e3 ,nor is !re any ,po9t 9 ei!r ! ,squ>es or ,circles ,a1 ,c1 ,e1 ^: correspond5t ,po9t may n be readily f\nd by su* ,sections1 9 ! respective ,squ>es & ,circles ,b1 ,d1 ,f4 ,nev]!less1 :]e y\r ,"w requires _m ,circles1 ,i w\ld advise y to use z few ,squ>es z possible2 le/ !y p]plex1 r ?an assi/ y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xv4 ,figura ,decimaqu9ta4 ,optica del9eatio ,column4 ,descripturi fru/um cyl9dricum ,i uni=me1 fiet elevatio ,a1 ve/igium geometricum ,b1 saltem quoad m$ietatem4 ,ex hoc optic de=mato1 ut vides 9 ,c1 duc5d sunt p>allel tum latitud9is ad visualem ,d1 tum elevationis ad visualem ,e2 ex quibus describ5tur circuli optic contracti ,f ,l1 accipi5do latitud9es ex ve/igio ,c1 altitud9es ex p]p5dicul>i ,m2 juxta hanc me?odum circuli ,f ,l fiunt s9e ope quadratorum4 ,demum duc5d sunt p]p5dicul>es ,g ,h1 qu tangant circulos ,f ,l 9 punctis t]m9ativis maxim latitud9is4 ,nullum e/ punctum 9 ve/igio ,c1 cui p] l9eas latitud9is elevationis nequeat inv5iri locus correspond5s 9 circulo ,f4 ,exempli gratia2 locus puncti #g e/ punctum #f4 ,hunc autem locum habemus p] tres l9eas1 ,,cd1 ,,de1 ,e#g4 ,9 del9e&is duobus fru/is cyl9dricis1 cum summo imo scapo1 e&em regulam s]v>e oportebit4 ,! ,fifte5? ,figure4 ,a ,column 9 ,p]spective4 ,be+ to describe ,"p ( ! ,%aft ( a ,pill> )\t ,projectures1 make ! ,elevation ,a1 & ! ,geometrical ,plan ,b1 at lea/ to ! middle3 ,f ?is br\ght into ,p]spective1 z y p]ceive 9 ,c1 mu/ be drawn ,p>allels bo? ( ,bread? to ! ,visual ,d1 & ( ,elevation to ! ,visual ,e2 f :i* are describ$ ! ,circles 9 ,p]spective ,f & ,l1 tak+ ! ,bread?s f ! ,plan ,c1 & ! ,heights f ! ,p]p5dicul> ,m3 ,& accord+ to ?is ,me?od ! ,circles ,f & ,l are made1 )\t ! ,help ( ,squ>es4 ,la/ly1 draw ! ,p]p5dicul>s ,g & ,h1 by ! ,po9ts :i* t]m9ate ! greate/ ,bread? ( ! ,circles ,f & ,l4 ,!re is n a ,po9t 9 ! ,plan ,c1 b :at1 by means ( ! ,l9es ( ,bread? & ,elevation1 may be f\nd 9 ! ,circle ,f4 ,= ,in/ance2 ! ,place ( ! ,po9t #f is #g1 :i* is f\nd by ! ?ree ,l9es ,,cd1 ,,de1 ,e#g4 ,9 design+ ! two ,pieces ( a ,pill>1 ) ! ,projecture ( ! ,fillet at ,head & ,foot1 y mu/ obs]ve ! v same ,rule4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xvi4 ,figura ,decimasexta4 ,optica projectio basis ,etrusc4 ,ex elevatione geometrica ,a eruitur ve/igium ,b4 ,hoc autem de=mato 9 ,c ,d1 ex circulis ve/igii ,c hab5tur latitud9es column1 quadr1 ac tori triplicis basis3 eodem modo ex ve/igio ,d hab5tur latitud9es quadr ac tori ultim basis4 ,ex maximis latitud9ibus circulorum ve/igii ,c ereximus p]p5dicul>es ad p>tes qu ipsis respond5t 9 basi2 ut agnoscas qunam s9t puncta maxim latitud9is 9 eisdem p>tibus4 ,hc puncta 7qu 9 circulo maximo ve/igii ,c sunt ,m ,n7 inv5i5tur tang5do circumf]5tiam uniuscujusque circuli regul p>allel ad l9eam p]p5dicul>em ,e1 nam si figura exact del9eata fu]it1 regula tanget s+ulos toros trium basium 9 punctis maxim h9c inde latitud9is4 ,magis labor&um erit 9 rep]i5dis altitud9ibus quatuor basium4 ,v]um si s$ul inspiciatur de=matio elevationis ,f1 ali>umque du>um1 7qu fact sunt1 notatis 9 l9ea p]p5dicul>i ,e divisionibus desumptis ex elevatione geometrica ,a7 con/abit1 nullum esse punctum 9 circulis ve/igii ,c1 cui nequeat inv5iri punctum correspond5s 9 toro quadra ipsius basis1 ut o/5dunt l9e occult1 qu incipiunt ex ,m ,n4 ,e>um qulibet ex ve/igio ,c p]v5it ad l9eam visualem1 cont9uatur cum l9ea altitud9is ex visuali ad elevationem ,f1 cum alia l9ea latitud9is ex elevatione ,f ad basim4 ,porr ex figura con/at1 sup]ficiem sup]iorem quadr subduci oculis columna1 aliquid ex p>te po/ica tori quod ct]oqui conspic]etur1 abscondi quadra4 ,pro9de torus1 qui ex punctis maxim latitud9is retrorsum flectitur1 e\sque del9e&us e/1 quoad h9c inde occurrat quadr ipsum coop]i5ti4 ,pr/>et autem s+ula membra ita exact del9e>i1 quasi ess5t diaphana2 ut p>tes oculis imp]vi1 omn9o cohreant cum p>tibus qu ipsis conspicu sunt4 ,complet del9eatione1 si figuram tuam ex p]p5diculo puncti oculi ex debita di/antia contemplatus fu]is1 omnes defectus facil deteges /atim corriges4 ,prcipuam dilig5tiam pones 9 =m&o em5d&o toro1 qui habet duas rotunditates2 unam quat5us ambit columnam2 alt]am quat5us c>et angulis1 ut o/5dit elevatio geometrica 9 ,i4 ,! ,sixte5? ,figure4 ,! ,tuscan ,base 9 ,p]spective4 ,f ! ,geometrical ,elevation ,a1 is drawn ! ,plan ,b2 :i* be+ put into ,p]spective1 z y see 9 ,c & ,d1 f ! ,circles ( ! ,plan ,c y h ! ,bread?s ( ! ,column1 & ( ! ,li/1 & ,torus ( ! ?ree ,bases3 ,& aft] ! same mann]1 by ! ,plan ,d1 y h ! ,bread? ( ! ,li/ & ,torus ( ! la/ ,base4 ,f ! greate/ ,bread? ( ! ,circles ( ! ,plan ,c1 we h erect$ ,p]p5dicul>s to ! ,p>ts t answ] !m 9 ! ,base1 to ! end t y may see :]e ! ,po9ts fall1 :i* t]m9ate ! greate/ ,bread? ( ^? ,p>ts4 ,^! ,po9ts 7:i* 9 ! bigge/ ,circle ( ! ,plan ,c are ,m & ,n7 are f\nd by t\*+ ! ,extremity ( ! ,circumf]5ce ) a ,l9e p>allel to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,e3 = if ! ,figure 7 exact1 t ,l9e w\ld t\* e ,torus ( ! ?ree ,bases 9 ! extreme ,po9ts ( _! ,bread?4 ,! ,heights ( ! f\r ,bases are some?+ m difficult to be f\nd4 ,nev]!less1 if y consid] well ! ,elevation ,f1 & ! o!r two ,g & ,h1 7:i* are made by transport+ ! ,divisions ( ! ,elevation ,a ^u ! ,p]p5dicul> ,e7 x w pla9ly appe> t !re is no ,po9t 9 ! ,circles ( ! ,plan ,c1 to :i* !re may n be a correspond5t ,po9t f\nd 9 ! ,torus & ,li/ ( ! said ,base2 z ! occult ,l9es %ew1 t arise f ,m & ,n2 ea* ( :i* is a ,cont9uation ( ?ree ,l9es3 ,! fir/ ( ,bread?1 f ! ,plan ,c to ! ,visual2 ! second ( ,height1 f ! ,visual to ! ,elevation ,f2 ! ?ird ( ,bread?1 f ! ,elevation ,f to ! ,base4 ,n[1 ?o' x's pla9 by ! ,figure1 t ! ,body ( ! ,column prev5ts ! ,sight ( good "p ( ! ,fillet1 & ! same ,fillet takes (f f "p ( ! ,torus1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be visible2 = :i* ,reason ! ,back-"p ( ! ,torus is cont9u'd only till x meet ! same3 ,yet x's c]ta9ly be/ to draw e ,memb] complete1 z ?o' ! ,"w 7 transp>5t2 t ! ,p>ts hidd5 f ! ,eye may ! bett] agree ) ^? t are expos'd to x4 ,:5 y\r ,draught is f9i%'d1 if y view x at ! due ,di/ance1 & p]p5dicul>ly to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 y'll readily discov] & rectify :at's amiss4 ,y\r *ief ,c>e w be employ'd 9 %ap+ ! ,torus1 difficult by reason ( its ,r\ndness bo? ways2 namely1 9 ! ,cont\r ( its ,m\ld+1 z 9 ! ,elevation ,i2 & 9 ! ,circuit x makes ab\t ! ,column4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xvii4 ,figura ,decimaseptima4 ,de=matio basis ,doric4 ,ad vit&am satietatem quam p>]et nimia uni=mitas1 unam ex basibus inv]timus4 ,utraque autem basis del9eata e/ me?odo quam tradidimus figur prc$5ti4 ,eademque me?odus ade manife/ patet ex l9eis occultis latitud9um elevationum1 ut sup]fluum futurum sit ipsam repet]e4 ,! ,sev5te5? ,figure4 ,! ,dorick ,base 9 ,p]spective4 ,t y may n be tir'd ) practis+ "o & ! same ?+1 ,i h "h1 = ,v>iety-sake1 inv]t$ "o ( ! ,bases4 ,bo? ( 'em are drawn aft] ! ,mann] expla9'd 9 ! =ego+ ,figure2 :i* is s evid5t f ! occult ,l9es ( ! ,plan & ,elevation "h giv51 t ,i ?9k x sup]flu\s to say any m ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xviii4 ,figura ,decimaoctava4 ,optica del9eatio basis ,ionic4 ,ex multitud9e ac v>ietate figur>um hujus ,op]is1 disces1 mi ,lector1 modum de=m&i res demissas sublimes1 magnas p>vas4 ,9 hac figura1 l9ea cui bases du>um column>um incumbunt1 e/ conjunctim l9ea plani1 l9ea horizontalis2 l9ea cui bases trium column>um incumbunt1 e/ altior l9ea horizontali4 ,quemadmodum autem1 si l9ea plani sit inf]ior l9ea horizontali1 l9e qu t5dunt ad punctum oculi ad punctum di/anti1 asc5dunt sursum2 ita si l9ea plani sit sup]ior horizontali1 l9e qu v5iunt ad punctum oculi ad punctum di/anti1 t5dunt deorsum4 ,qud si 9 eadem tabula s9t plura plana1 eorumque aliqua s9t altiora1 alia v] demissiora l9ea horizontali1 l9e omnes planorum1 ac l9ea horizontalis1 sunt invicem p>allel2 adeoque ex l9ea1 qu omnes eas normalit] secet1 /atim dignosci pote/1 9 qua proportione1 s+ula plana s9t altiora vel pr(undiora l9ea horizontali4 ,velim quoque obs]ves1 latitud9em column m$i1 m9orem esse latitud9e column>um lat]alium2 discrim5 int] hujusmodi latitud9es e e/ majus1 qu punctum di/anti fu]it vic9ius puncto oculi4 ,qu dicta sunt de columnis1 intellig]e oportet de basibus1 de optica del9eatione amb>um4 ,nihilom9us1 si figura ex debito puncto inspiciatur1 column pict habebunt e&em app>5tiam1 quam hab]5t column solid1 invicem quales4 ,! ,eighte5? ,figure4 ,! ,ionick ,base 9 ,p]spective4 ,by ! ,multitude & ,v>iety ( ,figures 9 ?is ,"w1 ! ,read] w be in/ruct$ 9 del9eat+ ?+s1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 ,size or ,situation4 ,9 ?is ,figure1 ! ,l9e on :i* ! two ,columns re/1 is bo? ! ,horizontal & ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 t on :i* ! ?ree ,columns are plac'd1 is s mu* high] ?an ! ,horizontal ,l9e4 ,& z1 :]e ! ,gr\nd-l9e is b5ea? ! ,horizontal1 ! ,l9es drawn to ! ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance t5d upw>ds2 s1 :]e ! same is above ! ,horizontal1 ! ,l9es to ! ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance t5d d[nw>ds4 ,if 9 ! same ,picture !re are diff]5t ,gr\nds1 "s high]1 o!rs l[] ?an ! ,horizontal ,l9e2 yet are all ^? ,gr\nd-l9es1 & ! ,horizontal1 p>allel "o to ano!r2 & !re=e1 by a ,l9e cutt+ !m all p]p5dicul>ly1 y pres5tly "k 9 :at proportion ea* ,plan or ,gr\nd is high] or l[] ?an ! ,horizontal4 ,i w\ld h y obs]ve1 ,t ! ,bread? ( ! middle ,column is1 by ! ,p]spective1 r5d]'d less ?an t ( ! ,side-,columns2 & t ?is ,diff]5ce is ! great]1 z ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance approa*es ne>] to ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! ,columns1 is also to be und]/ood ( ! ,bases1 & ! ,projections ( all _! ,p>ts 9 ,p]spective3 ,nev]!less1 if ! ,picture be view'd f its due ,place1 ! ,columns w h ! same ,effect1 z if solid2 & all appe> equal "o to ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xix4 ,figura ,decimanona4 ,optica imm9utio basis ,cor9?i4 ,hc basis juxta regulas traditas optic contracta e/4 ,porr altitudo sup]ficiei ,a e/ eadem cum altitud9e l9e visualis ,,cd2 latitudo crucis ,a e/ eadem cum latitud9e crucis secundi circuli ve/igii ,b1 incipi5do m9imo omnium4 ,du l9e normalit] infix basi1 o/5dunt maximam latitud9em quam hab]e debet columna supra imum scapum4 ,maxima latitudo tori sup]ioris utriusque a/ragali1 e/ eadem cum maxima latitud9e t]tii circuli4 ,maxima latitudo tori inf]ioris e/ eadem cum maxima latitud9e ultimi circuli4 ,! ,n9ete5? ,figure4 ,! ,cor9?ian ,base 9 ,p]spective4 ,?is ,base is put 9 ,p]spective by ! ,rules be=e laid d[n4 ,! ,height ( ! ,sup]ficies ,a is ! same ) t ( ! visual ,l9e ,,cd2 ! ,bread? ( ! ,cross ,a is ! same ) t ( ! second ,circle ( ! ,plan ,b1 beg9n+ ) ! lea/4 ,! two ,l9es t /& p]p5dicul>ly on ! ,surface ( ! ,base1 %ew ! greate/ ,bread? ( ! ,columns ,%aft above ! ,fillet4 ,! ,ext5t ( ! upp] ,torus & ! two ,a/ragals1 is ! same ) t ( ! ?ird ,circle2 & ! ,ext5t ( ! l[] ,torus is ! same ) t ( ! outw>d ,circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xx4 ,,figura ,vigesima4 ,basis ,acticurga optic imm9uta4 ,basis ,acticurga ,pictoribus pr reliquis famili>is e/1 quia cum omnibus f] ,ord9ibus egregi cons5tit4 ,porr ex punctis ,e ,f maxim utr9que latitud9is extimi circuli ve/igii1 habetur maxima latitudo tori inf]ioris ,,cd4 ,ac ct]a qu spectant ad ipsum ad torum ,,ab1 pet5da sunt ex dictis de basi ,etrusca4 ,! ,tw5tie? ,figure4 ,! ,attick ,base 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,attick ,base is m frequ5tly made use ( by ,pa9t]s1 ?an any o!r2 because x suits well ) mo/ ( ! ,ord]s4 ,! ,po9ts ,e & ,f1 ! greate/ ,bread? ( ! outw>d ,circle ( ! ,p]spective-,plan1 give ! greate/ ,bread? ( ! l[] ,torus ,,cd4 ,& :atev] else relates ei!r to ?is or ! upp] ,torus ,,ab1 is to be s\ght 9 ! same ,mann]1 z has be5 %ewn 9 ! ,tuscan ,base4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxi4 ,figura ,vigesimaprima4 ,optica imm9utio capitelli ,etrusci4 ,edem cum reliquis =m1 edemque me?odo capitella del9e&a sunt3 quum habeant ipsa quoque suum cimatium quadratum1 s9t rotunda4 ,l9ea plani solet 9 iis fi]i altior l9e horizontali3 quia quum capitella impon5da s9t columnis hom9e altioribus1 pl]umque app>5t sublimiora no/ris oculis4 ,! ,tw5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,! ,tuscan ,capital 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,mann] be=e deliv]'d conc]n+ ,bases1 is ( ! same ,use 9 del9eat+ ,capitals2 =asmu* z ^! also h _! squ>e ,abacus1 & _! r\nd ,memb]s4 ,! ,gr\nd-l9e 9 ,capitals is usually plac'd above ! ,horizon2 because :5 !y are set ^u ,columns :i* exce$ a ,man's ,height1 !y are g5]ally repres5t$ above ! ,eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxii4 ,figura ,vigesimasecunda4 ,optica projectio capitelli ,dorici4 ,capitellum hoc pluribus membris con/at1 adeque op]osius e/ qum prc$5s4 ,nihilom9us accurata del9eatio ve/igii geometrici omnes difficultates complanabit4 ,tw5ty-second ,figure4 ,! ,projection ( a ,dorick ,capital1 9 ,p]spective4 ,?is ,capital consi/+ ( m ,memb]s ?an ! =ego+1 w be m tr\blesom to put 9 ,p]spective2 b an accurate ,del9eation ( ! ,geometrical ,plan w c]ta9ly remove _m seem+ ,difficulties4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxiii4 ,figura ,vigesimat]tia4 ,de=matio capitelli ,ionici4 ,capitellum ,ionicum poscit duas elevationes geometricas di/9ctas1 alt]am faciei1 alt]am lat]is2 ex iisque conflatur ve/igium geometricum ,a1 quod optic contrahitur1 translatis 9 ,b punctis latitud9is ,c1 9 ,e punctis longitud9is ,d m consueto3 ut ex punctis ,b latitud9is1 l9e t5dant ad punctum oculi2 ex punctis v] ,e longitud9is1 l9e t5dant ad punctum di/anti4 ,ex ve/igio capitelli optic contracto eru5da e/ elevatio longitud9is ut 9 figura4 ,ex utrisque v] juxta morem fiet capitellum nitidum1 acceptis latitud9ibus ex ve/igio1 altitud9ibus ex elevatione longitud9is4 ,hc quoque dabit maximam latitud9em s+ul>um volut>um4 ,modum del9e&i capitellum ,ionicum1 9 quo helices volut>um obliqu5tur1 dabimus infra figur trigesim4 ,tw5ty-?ird ,figure4 ,! ,ionick ,capital 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,ionick ,capital requires two di/9ct geometrical ,elevations1 "o ( ! ,front1 ! o!r ( ! ,side2 f bo? :i* is f\nd ! geometrical ,plan ,a1 :i* is put 9 ,p]spective by transf]r+ into ,b ! ,po9ts ( ,bread? ,c1 & into ,e ! ,po9ts ( ,l5g? ,d1 aft] ! usual ,mann]2 t f ! ,po9ts ( ,bread? ,b1 ,l9es may be drawn t[>ds ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 & f ! ,po9ts ( ,l5g? ,e1 t[>ds ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance4 ,f ! ,plan ( ! ,capital 9 ,p]spective1 is to be drawn ! ,upright ( ! ,l5g?1 z 9 ! ,figure2 & f bo?1 z usual1 ! f9i%'d ,capital is wr\ght1 by tak+ ! ,bread?s f ! ,plan1 & ! ,heights f ! ,elevation2 ?is giv+ ! utmo/ ,height1 & t ! utmo/ ,bread? ( ea* ( ! ,volutes4 ,! ,mann] ( describ+ ! ,ionick ,capital1 ^: ,volutes lie obliquely1 we %all h]eaft] treat ( 9 ! ,?irtie? ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxiv4 ,figura ,vigesimaqu>ta4 ,optica projectio capitelli ,cor9?ii4 ,capitellum ,cor9?ium absolv]e non pot]is1 nisi elevatione geometrica ejusque ve/igio exactissim del9eatis juxta regulas ,b>ozzii4 ,ad =m&um ex ve/igio ,b ve/igium ,e1 rectis occultis fi5t quadrata necess>ia ad contractionem opticam quatuor vel trium saltem circulorum2 translatis 9 l9eam ,d divisionibus l9e ,c1 aliis1 m consueto4 ,contrah5tur de9de l9eis occultis ve/igia foliorum1 absolv5tur ct]a qu posita sunt 9 ve/igio ,e4 ,ut fiat optica elevatio longitud9is ,f1 9 l9eam p]p5dicul>em ,h transf]5tur ex elevatione ,a omnes ejus divisiones4 ,complebitur autem p] l9eas rectas1 qu ex punctis divisionum ducantur ad punctum oculi1 ac p] rectas ex circulorum summitate ac pr(unditate1 qu rect s9t p>allel ad l9eam ,d1 ac p]v5iant ad visualem ,g2 indeque desc5dant1 ac s9t p>allel ad l9eam p]p5dicul>em ,h4 ,capitellum nitidum exordi]is ab infimo circulo ,i1 o/5d5te ambitum column4 ,succ$5t folia #a1 #b1 quorum latitud9es accipi5tur ex ve/igio ,e p] circ9um1 posit un ejus cuspide 9 l9ea ,h2 altitud9es v] accipi5tur ex elevatione ,f1 posita una cuspide circ9i 9 l9ea ,d4 ,idipsum dico tum de foliis #c1 #c1 #d1 #d1 tum de folio #e1 ac de aliis1 demum de cymatio4 ,desc5sus v] l9e curv ipsius cymatii incipiet ex acie ,l4 ,tw5ty-f\r? ,figure4 ,! ,cor9?ian ,capital 9 ,p]spective4 ,!re is no ,complet+ ! ,cor9?ian ,capital1 unless y mo/ accurately describe its ,geometrical ,elevation & ,plan1 accord+ to ! ,rules ( ,vignola4 ,be+ to =m ! ,plan ,e f ! ,plan ,b1 y mu/1 ) occult ,l9es1 make ! ,squ>es necess>y = br++ f\r1 or at lea/ ?ree ( ! ,circles into ,p]spective2 transf]r+ into ! ,l9e ,d ! ,divisions ( ! ,l9e ,c1 & ! re/ z usual4 ,!n1 ) o!r occult ,l9es1 contract ! ,plans ( ! ,leaves1 & f9i% :at's f>!r requisite 9 ! ,plan ,e4 ,to make ! ,optick ,elevation ( ! ,l5g? ,f1 y mu/ transf] into ! ,p]p5dicul> ,h all ! ,divisions ( ! ,elevation ,a2 & complete ! same1 by ,l9es drawn t[>d ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 till !y meet _! respective ,p]p5dicul>s2 :i* proce$+ f all p>ts ( ! ,circles p>allel to ! ,l9e ,d1 int]sect ! ,visual ,g2 f :5ce !y desc5d1 ,p>allels to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,h4 ,9 work+ ! clean ,capital1 y %\ld beg9 ) ! l[e/ ,circle ,i1 :i* d5otes ! ,compass ( ! ,column4 ,!n make ! ,leaves #a1 #b1 by tak+ _! ,bread?s f ! ,plan ,e1 ) ! ,compasses1 & keep+ "o ,po9t ( !m ^u ! ,l9e ,h2 & _! ,heights f ! ,elevation ,f1 keep+ "o ,po9t on ! ,l9e ,d4 ,! same mu/ be done1 z well by ! ,leaves #c1 #c1 #d1 #d1 z by ! ,leaf #e1 & ! o!rs2 & la/ ( all1 by ! ,abacus also2 ! ,s9k+ ( ! ,horns :]e( answ]s t ( ! visual ,l9e ,l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxv4 ,figura ,vigesimaqu9ta4 ,optica descriptio capitelli ,compositi4 ,ex iis qu diximus de capitello ,cor9?io1 didic]is modum faci5di capitellum ,compositum4 ,velim autem tibi p]suadeas1 cum lectione h>um regul>um qu sunt magi/ri inanimes1 circ9i usum p]petu conjungi oport]e4 ,hic enim vivi magi/ri defectum unic suppl]e pote/4 ,! ,tw5ty-fif? ,figure4 ,! ,composite ,capital 9 ,p]spective4 ,f :at has be5 said ( ! ,cor9?ian ,capital1 may be le>nt ! ,mann] ( putt+ ! ,composite also into ,p]spective4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld prevail ) y1 t to ! ,read+ ( ! ,rules1 :i* 9 !mselves are b lifeless ,ma/]s1 y w\ld con/antly add a dilig5t ,practice ( ! ,figures by ! ,compasses2 ?is be+ ! only way to supply ! ,want ( a liv+ ,ma/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxvi4 ,figura ,vigesimasexta4 ,de=matio coronicis ,etrusc4 ,po/ capitella sequuntur coronices1 qu utpote quadrat1 m9imam hab5t arduitatem4 ,int] coronices v]1 nulla e/ ,etrusc simplicior ac facilior4 ,ex elevatione geometric1 m solito1 =matur ve/igium geometricum2 ex eoque optic contracto eruitur similis elevatio longitud9is4 ,demm ex elevatione ve/igio componitur coronix nitida4 ,mem9]is autem duas esse l9eas1 qu h9c inde t]m9ant latitud9em elevationis optic4 ,l9ea qu altior e/1 dat altitud9em ant]ioris faciei coronicis1 alia qu e/ depressior1 dat altitud9em faciei po/]ioris4 ,et ita erit 9 po/]um4 ,tw5ty-six? ,figure4 ,! ,tuscan ,entablature 9 ,p]spective4 ,aft] ,capitals we proce$ to ,entablatures1 :i* because !y are squ>e1 are less difficult ?an ! =m]4 ,& ( all ,entablatures1 t ( ! ,tuscan ,ord] is ! mo/ simple & easie to be put 9 execution4 ,f ! ,geometrical ,upright is drawn1 z usual1 ! ,geometrical ,plan2 f ! ,plan put 9 ,p]spective is describ'd ! ,optick ,elevation ( ! ,l5g?2 & f bo? ! latt] is wr\ght ! clean ,entablature requir'd4 ,y may obs]ve1 "h are two ,l9es t t]m9ate ! ,bread? ( ! ,p]spective on "o side & ! o!r4 ,! ,l9e :i* proce$s f ! high] ,corn] ( ! ,visual1 gives ! ,height ( ! mo/ advanc'd ,"p2 t f ! l[] det]m9es ! ,height ( ! ,back-"p4 ,& s = ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxvii4 ,figura ,vigesimaseptima4 ,optica del9eatio coronicis ,doric4 ,9 faci5d coronice ,doric1 qu majorem op]am poscit1 ob d5ticulos triglyphos2 communis regula s]v&a e/4 ,si autem libeat coronicem nitidam describ]e 9 papyro sep>at ab ejus prp>ationibus1 id pr(ect licet1 tum 9 hoc1 tum 9 quocunque alio s*emate4 ,tw5ty-sev5? ,figure4 ,! ,dorick ,entablature 9 ,p]spective4 ,9 mak+ ! ,dorick ,entablature1 :i* has some?+ m ,"w 9 x ?an ! =m]1 on acc\nt ( its ,d5tels & ,triglyphs2 ! common ,rule is to be obs]v'd4 ,& if y w\ld del9eate ! f9i%'d ,entablature 9 a ,pap] di/9ct f t ( its ,prep>ations1 y are at lib]ty s to d1 ei!r 9 ?is or any o!r ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxviii4 ,figura ,vigesimaoctava4 ,prp>atio figur sequ5tis4 ,9 figur vigesimaoctav1 qu cont9et ve/igium elevationes geometricas figur vigesimnon1 oportuit latus ,c del9e>e seorsim facie ,b2 quia facies exhibet latitud9em dificii1 latus v] exhibet longitud9em2 atque una non e/ alt]i qualis4 ,9 ve/igio geometrico solidus p>ies e/ ,a3 circuli ref]unt summum scapum column>um4 ,ct]a dant projecturas coronicis1 cum suis mutulis4 ,tw5ty-eigh? ,figure1 ,prep>atory to ! foll[+ ,figure4 ,9 ?is ,tw5ty-eigh? ,figure1 :i* conta9s ! ,plan & ,geometrical ,elevations ( ! ,tw5ty-n9? ,figure1 x 0 requisite to del9eate ! ,side ,c sep>ately f ! ,front ,b2 because ! ,front1 :i* signifies ! ,bread? ( ! ,build+1 & ! ,side1 :i* %ews its ,l5g?1 are n equal "o to ! o!r4 ,9 ! ,geometrical ,plan ! solid ,wall is ,a3 ! ,circles express ! ,nak$s ( ! ,pill>s ,%afts at top4 ,! re/ is ! ,projecture ( ! ,cornice1 ) its ,mutules4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxix4 ,figura ,vigesimanona4 ,optica projectio dificii ,dorici4 ,habes 9 hac figura vigesimanona1 opticam del9eationem ve/igii1 unius ex elevationibus figur vigesimoctav2 nimirum1 elevationis longitud9is2 ex quibus eruitur imago nitida dificii ,ord9is ,dorici1 cum summitatibus capitellis trium column>um2 ejusque epi/ylium1 zophorus1 corona4 ,,bo e/ l9ea horizontis2 ,,ac e/ l9ea plani2 9 quam1 ex l9eis ,d ,c figur vigesimoctav1 transf]untur puncta latitud9is longitud9is du>um elevationum2 prolong&o v]sus ,c ipsam l9eam plani1 ut oportet4 ,op]ab]is autem1 ut diximus figur vigesimat]tia2 nimirum1 9 puncto ,v des9et latitudo ve/igii1 incipiet longitudo2 ex punctis latitud9is l9e t5d5t ad punctum oculi2 ex punctis longitud9is l9e occult t5d5t ad punctum di/anti4 ,ubi v] h l9e secant visualem ,,vo1 fi5t p>allel ad l9eam ,,ac1 cum ct]is qu necess>ia sunt ad compl5dam del9eationem opticam ve/igii4 ,elevatio ,c figur vigesimoctav optic contrahetur m consueto1 translatis 9 l9eam ,,ab divisionibus l9e ,e vel ,f1 ex quibus fi5t visuales ad punctum oculi2 ac demissis ex l9ea visuali ,,ao p]p5dicul>ibus ad l9eam ,,ac1 ita ut l9e p>allel ad l9eam plani ,,ac cont9u5tur cum aliis l9eis p>allelis ad l9eam ,,ab4 ,hic quoque locum habet obs]vatio illa1 cujus mem9imus figura vigesimasexta1 de l9eis qu deorsum excurrunt1 h9c inde t]m9ant membra elevationis optic4 ,ex iis autem desumuntur projectur omnes coronicis capitellorum4 ,tw5ty-n9? ,figure4 ,a ,projection ( ! ,dorick ,ord] 9 ,p]spective4 ,9 ?is ,tw5ty-n9? ,figure1 y h 9 ,p]spective ! ,plan1 & "o ( ! ,uprights ( ! ,tw5ty-eigh? ,figure2 namely1 t ( ! ,l5g?2 f :5ce is drawn ?is f9i%'d ,piece ( ! ,dorick ,ord]1 :i* has ! upp] ,"p & ,caps ( ?ree ,pill>s1 ) _! ,ar*itrave1 ,freeze1 & ,cornice4 ,,bo is ! ,horizontal-l9e2 ,,ac t ( ! ,plan2 into :i*1 f ! ,l9es ,d & ,c ( ! ,tw5ty-eigh? ,figure1 are transf]r'd ! ,po9ts ( ,bread? & ,l5g? ( ! two ,elevations2 fir/ prolong+ ! ,l9e itself1 z mu* z is ne$ful1 ?r\gh ,c4 ,! ,"w is !n p]=m'd1 z 0 %ewn 9 ! ,tw5ty-?ird ,figure2 namely1 ! ,divisions ( ! ,bread? ( ! ,plan end 9 ! ,po9t ,v1 at :i* ^? ( ,l5g? beg94 ,f ! fir/1 ,l9es are drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 & f ! latt]1 occult ,l9es are direct$ to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance3 ,& :]e ^! cut ! ,visual ,,vo1 ,l9es are drawn p>allel to ,,ac2 ) ^? t are f>!r necess>y = complet+ ! ,plan 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,elevation ,c ( ! ,tw5ty-eigh? ,figure is put 9 ,p]spective1 z usual1 by transf]r+ ! ,divisions ( ! ,l9e ,e1 or ,f1 into t ( ,,ab 9 ?is ,plate2 f :5ce draw+ ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 !y are int]sect$ by ,p]p5dicul>s let fall f ^? ,divisions ( ,,ao made by ! ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,,ac1 & aga9 cont9u'd p>allel to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,ab4 ,! ,obs]vation1 m5tion'd 9 ! ,tw5ty-six? ,figure1 is also p]t95t 9 ?is place2 ,t ! ,l9es1 :i*1 9 ! ,p]spective-,elevation1 t5d d[nw>d1 give ! ,advance & ,recess ( ! sev]al ,memb]s ( ! ,"w2 & f !m are tak5 all ! ,projectures ( ! ,entablature & ,capitals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxx4 ,,figura ,trigesima4 ,optica projectio dificii ,ionici2 ubi de modo jung5di fictum cum v]o4 ,si tibi ,pictor quum sis1 occasione app>ats quadrag9ta hor>um1 vel sepulcri ,dom9i1 mut>e ad tempus libeat =mam ar*itectur alicujus ,ecclesi jung5do fictum cum v]o1 ut mihi spius contigit ,m$iolani ac ,rom1 cum +5ti spectatorum delectatione admiratione2 paucis o/5dam tibi modum quem s]v>e debeas 9 op]&o4 ,sectio coronicis v]1 qu1 ut suppono1 vid]i debet cont9ua esse cum coronice picta 9 tel>io1 e/ ,a2 elevatio geometrica coronicis1 reliquorum qu del9e&a sunt1 e/ ,b2 ve/igium geometricum e/ ,c4 ,porr1 tum ve/igium tum elevatio longitud9is optic contrah5tur m consueto1 ut vides 9 ,c ,b3 ex iisque =mabitur 9 tel>io coronix nitida cum columna anta2 ipsumque tel>ium depictum1 normalit] coagm5t&um erit v] coronici4 ,ut fiat ea p>s longitud9is1 qu coronicem pictam cont9u>e videatur cum v]a1 erui non pote/ ex elevatione de=mata2 oportet sectionem ,a transf]re 9 ,d1 duc5do visuales ex punctis t]m9ativis membrorum sectionis ,d1 usque dum occurrant l9eis latitud9is eorundem membrorum4 ,quod si colores 9 tel>ium scit inducantur1 angulus 9 ,e1 quamvis m] depictus1 videbitur v]us2 ex adv]so1 anguli quos tel>ium ipsum depictum facit cum div]sis ade crepid9ibus coronicis v]1 nusquam app>ebunt1 prt]qum 9 quadra sim dumtaxat2 unio ar*itectur v] cum ficta dignosci non pot]it4 ,! ,?irtie? ,figure4 ,an ,ionick ,"w 9 ,p]spective2 ) ! ,mann] ( reconcil+ ! fictiti\s to ! solid ,ar*itecture4 ,if1 be+ a ,pa9t]1 y 7 requir'd1 aga9/ ! ,solemnity ( ! ,holy-,week1 to alt] = a :ile ! ,ar*itecture ( "s ,alt>-piece1 by jo9+ ,pa9t+ to ! real ,"w2 z ,i h (t5 done1 bo? at ,rome & ,milan1 to ! great ,satisfaction & ,surprize ( ! ,behold]s3 ,i %all briefly %ew ! ,me?od to be obs]v'd 9 p]=m+ ! same4 ,! ,dissection ( ! solid ,cornice1 :i* ,i "h suppose %all appe> cont9u'd 9 t pa9t$ on ! ,canvass1 is ,a2 ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,cornice1 & o!r ,p>ts to be drawn1 is ,b2 ! ,geometrical ,plan is ,c4 ,! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! ,l5g? are put 9 ,p]spective aft] ! usual mann]1 9 ,c & ,b2 f ^? ! f9i%'d ,cornice1 ) ! ,pill> & ,pila/]1 are del9eat$ on ! ,canvass2 & ! ,picture is !n conjo9'd1 at "r ,angles1 to ! true ,cornice4 ,= adju/+ ! ,memb]s s1 t ! pa9t$ ,cornice may seem to be ! real "o cont9u'd1 7:i* c't be done by ! ,p]spective ,upright7 y mu/ transf] ! ,section ,a to ,d2 & f ! t]m9at+ ,po9ts ( ! sev]al ,memb]s !re(1 draw visual ,l9es1 till !y meet ^? ( _! respective ,memb]s 9 ! ,p]spective4 ,& if ! ,col\rs are laid by a skilful ,h&1 ! ,angle at ,e1 ?o' pa9t$ only1 w appe> z real2 & on ! contr>y1 ! ,angles :i* ! ,memb]s ( ! pa9t$ ,cornice make ) ! diff]5t ,projectures ( ^? ( ! true1 w nev] be disc]n'd1 unless 9 ! v upp]mo/ ,fillet2 b ! ,conjunction ( ! real ) ! pa9t$ ,ar*itecture1 w be altoge!r imp]ceptible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxi4 ,figura ,trigesimaprima4 ,optica projectio coronicis ,cor9?i1 cum capitello summitate column4 ,9 hoc s*emate l9ea plani e/ ,,cie1 horizontis e/ ,,dfo2 punctum oculi e/ ,o1 di/anti e/ ,d4 ,elevatio geometrica capitelli ,cor9?ii cum sua coronice e/ ,a1 quorum divisiones c]nuntur 9 p]p5dicul>i ,,cd4 ,ve/igium geometricum ,b habet longitud9em qualem latitud9i3 optic autem contrahitur me?odo consueta4 ,nimirum1 translatis divisionibus latitud9is longitud9is 9 l9eam plani ,,cie2 ex punctis latitud9is fiunt visuales ad punctum oculi2 ex punctis v] longitud9is fiunt occult ad punctum di/anti3 hoc modo habes quicquid necess>ium e/ ad contractionem opticam ve/igii4 ,nam l9e longitud9um sunt p>tes visualium1 ut patet 9 ,,gn1 ,,hl3 l9e latitud9um1 p>allel ad l9eam plani fiunt ex punctis 9 quibus l9e t5d5tes ad punctum di/anti secant visualem ,,ho1 ut vides 9 ,,nl4 ,porro1 si tantundem prolong>etur horizontalis ,,d1 ita ut hab]et duo puncta di/anti remota qualit] ab ,o1 m$ietas diagonalium1 qu sunt 9 quadrato majori ,,gnlh optic de=mato1 9 quadratis ejus m9oribus1 t5d5t ad unum punctum di/anti2 alt]a m$ietas ad aliud punctum di/anti4 ,elevatio longitud9is optic contrahitur ductis p>allelis ad ,,ce1 qu ubi p]v5]9t ad visualem ,,io1 cont9u5tur cum aliis p>allelis ad ,,ik4 ,prt]ea1 translatis 9 l9eam ,,ik divisionibus l9e p]p5dicul>is ,,cd1 ex punctis divisionum fiunt visuales ad punctum oculi1 ac ducuntur s+ula membra ipsius elevationis1 cujus latitud9es sunt p>tes visualium1 altitud9es v] sunt p>tes l9e>um p>allel>um ad ,,ik4 ,demm ex ve/igio ex elevatione longitud9is1 =matur coronix nitida cum capitello4 ,ut autem facilis del9e5tur mutuli1 primm fi5t quadrat =m1 ut 9 ,m2 de9de congruus flexus 9 s+ulos inducetur4 ,! ,?irty-fir/ ,figure4 ,! ,optick ,projection ( a ,cor9?ian ,cornice1 ) ! ,capital & ,,"p ( ! ,column4 ,9 ?is ,figure ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan is ,,cie1 t ( ! ,horizon is ,,dfo2 ! ,po9t ( ,sight is ,o1 ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,d2 ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,cor9?ian ,capital1 ) its ,entablature1 is ,a2 ^: ,divisions are se5 9 ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,cd4 ,! ,l5g? & ,bread? ( ! ,geometrical ,plan ,b are equal1 & ! ,plan is put into ,p]spective aft] ! usual ,me?od2 to wit1 by transf]r+ ! ,divisions ( ,bread? & ,l5g? into ! ,l9e ,,cie2 f ! ,po9ts ( ,bread? draw+ ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 & f ^? ( ,l5g? occult ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance3 by :i* ,int]sections y h all t's necess>y = putt+ ! ,plan into ,p]spective4 ,= ! ,l9es ( ,l5g? are ,p>ts ( visual ,rays1 z is manife/ by ,,gn1 ,,hl2 & ! ,l9es ( ,bread? are made ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 f ! ,int]sections be=e-m5tion'd1 z is se5 9 ,,nl4 ,moreov]1 if ! ,horizontal-l9e ,,d 7 s prolong'd1 z to receive ano!r ,po9t ( ,di/ance equidi/ant f ,o2 half ! diagonal ,l9es ( ! great ,squ>e ,,gnlh1 & ( ! less] ,squ>es conta9'd !re91 w\ld t5d to "o ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 & ! o!r half to ! o!r4 ,! ,elevation ( ! ,l5g? is put 9 ,p]spective1 by cont9u+ ! ,p>allels to ,,ce1 till !y cut ! ,visual ,,io2 & f !nce dropp+ ,l9es p>allel to ,,ik3 ,!n transf]r+ into ,,ik ! ,divisions ( ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,cd1 f !m make visual ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 & draw ! sev]al ,memb]s ( ! ,upright2 ^: ,bread?s are ,p>ts ( ,visuals1 & _! ,heights ,p>ts ( ,p]p5dicul>s1 or ,l9es p>allel to ,,ik4 ,la/ly1 f ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! ,l5g?1 y del9eate ! f9i%'d ,cornice & ,capital3 ,b t y may m easily draw ! ,modillions1 fir/ make !m 9 a squ>e ,=m1 z 9 ,m2 & t w v mu* assi/ y to give ! ,scroll ( ea* a m agreeable ,turn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxii4 ,figura ,trigesimasecunda4 ,del9eatio geometrica coronicis1 ,ord9is ,compositi4 ,ut hoc s*ema gr&ius ac di/9ctius esset1 ejus m$ietatem dumtaxat suscepi del9e&am4 ,,pn e/ ve/igium geometricum4 ,m e/ solidus p>ies4 ,,oo spatia column>um4 ,9 ,h sunt crepid9es coronicis4 ,elevatio geometrica latitud9is dificii con/at epi/ylio ,t1 zophoro ,l1 coron ,v1 supra quam em9et fa/igium ,s4 ,jam ut inv5iatur c5trum arcuum1 di/anti ,,av fiat qualis di/antia ,,ac4 ,positaque una cuspide circ9i 9 ,c1 alia ext5datur usque ad ,v3 ita fi5t arcus1 quorum ultimus e/ ,,bd1 omnesque sunt conc5trici4 ,elevatio ,f o/5dit longitud9em dificii ex p>te ,,gi2 elevatio ,e o/5dit longitud9em ipsius ex p>te ,,dr4 ,?irty-second ,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,design ( a ,cornice1 ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,t ?is ,figure might be l>g] & m di/9ct1 ,i h "h describ'd only ! ,half ( x4 ,,pn is ! ,geometrical ,plan4 ,m is ! solid ,wall4 ,,oo are ! ,places ( ! ,columns4 ,h %ews ! ,projectures ( ! ,cornice4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,bread? ( ! ,frontispiece1 consi/s ( ! ,ar*itrave ,t1 ! ,freeze ,l1 & ! ,cornice ,v1 ov] :i* is rais'd ! ,p$am5t ,s4 ,= f9d+ ! ,c5t] ( ! ar*'d ,l9es ( ! ,p$am5t1 make ! ,di/ance ,,ac equal to t ( ,,av2 & plac+ "o ,po9t ( ! ,compasses 9 ,c1 ext5d ! o!r to ,v1 & describe ! ,ar*4 ,! o!r ,ar*es1 ( :i* ,,bd is ! utmo/1 h all ! same ,c5t]4 ,! ,elevation ,f %ews ! ,l5g? ( ! ,"w on ! ,side ,,gi4 ,! ,upright ,e %ews ! ,l5g? ( ! same on ! ,front ,,dr4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxiii4 ,figura ,trigesimat]tia4 ,de=matio coronicis ,composit4 ,figura hc trigesimat]tia m9us ardua tibi videbitur1 si ex ea del9e&am primm suscipias m$ietatem qu respondet ve/igio ,,pn elevationi ,,br figur trigesimsecund2 rejecto 9 ultimum fa/igio1 po/qum ct]a complev]is4 ,l9ea ,,bv e/ horizontalis4 ,punctum oculi e/ ,v1 punctum di/anti remotum e/ ab ,v spatio ,,bv1 additis modulis quatuordecim cum dimidio4 ,l9ea plani e/ ,,ar1 9 quam ex ,q v]sus ,a transf]tur latitudo ,p2 ex ,q v]sus ,r transf]tur longitudo ,n1 cum omnibus e>um divisionibus2 ut ex punctis latitud9is fiant visuales ad punctum oculi2 ex punctis longitud9is fiant occult ad punctum di/anti4 ,ex 8 habes quicquid necess>ium e/ ad projectionem opticam ve/igii1 ut o/5dimus figur trigesimaprim4 ,eademque me?odo1 quam ibi s]vavimus1 contrahes elevationem ,p longitud9is coronicis3 ac tum ex illa1 tum ex ve/igio1 eruetur coronix nitida m consueto4 ,ut del9eetur fa/igium1 transf]5d sunt 9 l9eam ,,ab divisiones ipsius ex elevatione ,f figur trigesimsecund1 ac duc5d visuales ad punctum oculi1 additis l9eis t]m9ativis uniuscujusque membri1 qu accipi5tur ex ve/igio ,q optic de=mato4 ,c5trum ,o arcuum fa/igii nitidi1 remotum e/ summitate coronicis1 m$ietate di/anti1 quam hab5t ungues quadr cui fa/igium ipsum incumbit4 ,ac pro9de1 si accipias ex elevatione ,p div]sas altitud9es membrorum fa/igii2 latitud9es v] accipias ex ve/igio ,q2 opus tuum felicit] absolves4 ,! ,?irty-?ird ,figure4 ,a ,composite ,cornice 9 ,p]spective4 ,?is ,?irty-?ird ,figure w be f\nd ! less difficult1 if y fir/ attempt t ,half :i* answ]s to ,,pn 9 ! ,plan1 & ,,br 9 ! ,upright ( ! ,?irty-second ,figure2 leav+ ! ,p$am5t1 till all ! re/ be f9i%'d4 ,! ,l9e ,,bv is ! ,horizontal4 ,v is ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance is f\rte5 ,modules & a half )\t ! ,po9t ,b1 m ?an ! ,int]val ,,bv4 ,! ,l9e ( ! ,plan is ,,ar1 9 :i* f ,q t[>d ,a y h ! ,divisions ( ,bread? ( ! =ego+ ,plan ,p2 & f ,q to ,r ^? ( ! ,l5g? !re( ,n3 ,f ! =m]1 ,visuals are drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 & f ! latt]1 occult ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance4 ,& f ^! y h all t's necess>y = putt+ ! ,plan 9 ,p]spective2 z 0 %ewn 9 ! ,?irty-fir/ ,figure4 ,by ! ,me?od !re obs]v'd1 y may also describe ! ,p]spective-,elevation ( ! ,l5g? ,p2 & f ?is1 & ! ,plan1 del9eate ! f9i%'d ,cornice aft] ! usual ,mann]4 ,= mak+ ! ,p$am5t1 ! ,divisions ( ! ,elevation ,f 9 ! ,?irty-second ,figure1 mu/ be transf]r'd into ! ,l9e ,,ab1 & ,visuals drawn f !m to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 giv+ to ea* ,memb] its prop] ,out-l9e & ,cont\r1 z may be tak5 f ! ,p]spective-,plan ,q4 ,! ,c5t] ,o ( ! ,ar*es 9 ! f9i%'d ,p$am5t1 is plac'd bel[ ! upp] ,memb] ( ! ,cornice1 z mu* z half ! ,ext5t ( ! upp] ,fillet f :5ce ! ,p$am5t spr+s4 ,& by tak+ ! sev]al ,heights ( ! ,memb]s !re(1 f ! ,elevation ,p2 & ! ,bread?s f ! ,plan ,q2 y w successfully f9i% & complete y\r ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxiv4 ,figura ,trigesimaqu>ta4 ,prp>atio ad figuram trigesimamqu9tam4 ,si placu]it conf]re figuram trigesimamt]tiam cum prs5ti figura trigesimaqu>ta1 dignosces ve/igium elevationem coronicis ,composit alio modo hic de=m>i1 mut&o scilicet longitud9em 9 latitud9em1 latitud9em 9 longitud9em4 ,propt]ea hc figura tantum spatii occupat1 ut eam seorsim coronice nitida del9e>e oportu]it4 ,divisiones latitud9is 9 ve/igio incipiunt ex ,v v]sus ,r1 sunt edem cum divisionibus rect ,,ig figur trigesimsecund4 ,divisiones longitud9is incipiunt ex ,v v]sus ,s1 sunt edem cum divisionibus rect ,,ip duplicatis4 ,ex divisionibus latitud9is fiunt visuales ad punctum oculi2 ex divisionibus longitud9is fiunt rect ad punctum di/anti2 cum reliquis qu necess>ia sunt ad compl5dum ve/igium ,,avdc4 ,elevatio longitud9is coronicis fa/igii1 optic contrahitur p] l9eas p>allelas ad l9eam plani ,,z2 qu ubi p]v5]9t ad visualem ,,ac1 cont9u5tur cum aliis p>allelis ad p]p5diculum ,p1 ut diximus figur trigesimaprim4 ,9 idem p]p5diculum ,p transf]untur ex figur trigesimasecund divisiones rect ,,dr2 insup] altitud9es1 quas puncta ,,kxz hab5t supra rectam ,,va2 fi5tque visuales ad punctum oculi3 sectiones autem visualium cum p>allelis ad p]p5diculum ,p1 dabunt sex puncta sim fa/igii1 respond5tia punctis ,,kxz duplicatis1 figur trigesimsecund2 e>umque ductu =m&us e/ supremus arcus4 ,eodem artificio fi5t reliqui omnes4 ,facilis del9eabitur coronix1 cujus maximam p>tem occupant l9e visuales ad punctum oculi3 porr1 membra omnia1 except sim1 communia sunt coron fa/igio4 ,adeoque puncta similia 9 l9eis t]m9ativis membrorum s+ulorum1 ex quibus desumuntur crepid9es ungues figur nitid1 sunt p>allela ad p]p5diculum ,p4 ,! ,?irty-f\r? ,figure1 ,prep>atory to ! ,?irty-fif?4 ,if y please to comp>e ! ,?irty-?ird ,figure ) ?is ,?irty-f\r? ,figure1 y w p]ceive ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ?is ,composite ,cornice to be del9eat$ diff]5tly f t2 to wit1 by mak+ ! ,l5g? ( t ! ,bread? ( ?is1 & ! ,bread? ( t ! ,l5g? ( ?is3 ,on :i* acc\nt1 ?is ,figure takes up s mu* ,room1 t !re 0 a necessity ( draw+ ! f9i%'d ,cornice on a sep>ate ,pap]4 ,! ,divisions ( ,bread? 9 ! ,plan beg9 f ,v t[>d ,r2 & are ! same ) ^? ( ! ,l9e ,,ig 9 ! ,?irty-second ,figure4 ,! ,divisions ( ,l5g? are set f ,v t[>d ,s2 & are ! same ) ^? ( ! ,l9e ,,ip 9 ! ,?irty-second ,figure2 :i* be+ ! ,half1 is "h d\bl'd4 ,f ! ,divisions ( ,bread?1 ,l9es are drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 & f ^? ( ! ,l5g?1 ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance2 ) ! f>!r ,requisites = complet+ ! ,plan ,,avdc 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,upright ( ! ,l5g? ( ! ,cornice & ,p$am5t1 is made by produc+ ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,,z2 till !y int]sect ! ,visual ,,ac2 & !nce cont9u+ ,l9es p>allel to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,p1 z 0 direct$ 9 ! ,?irty-fir/ ,figure4 ,into ! same ,p]p5dicul> ,p are transf]r'd ! ,divisions ( ! ,l9e ,,dr 9 ! ,?irty-second ,figure2 & also ! ,heights :i* ! ,po9ts ,,kxz h above ,,va 9 ! same ,figure4 ,f all :i*1 ,visuals are drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 :i* be+ int]sect$ by ! ,p]p5dicul>s1 give six ,po9ts on ! ,cima ( ! ,p$am5t1 :i* answ] to ! said ,po9ts ,,kxz ( ! ,?irty-second ,figure1 d\bl'd3 ,by ^! ! outw>d ,ar* is =m'd4 ,& by ! same ,rule1 y f9d ,po9ts = all ! o!rs4 ,y w m easily draw ! ,cornice1 ! greate/ ,"p ( x consi/+ ( visual ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,sight3 ,moreov]1 all ! ,memb]s1 except ! upp] ,cima1 are common bo? to ! ,cornice ( ! ,entablature1 & to ! ,p$am5t2 s t ! correspond+ ,po9ts1 9 ! ,out-l9es ( _! sev]al ,memb]s1 f :5ce ! ,breaks & ,cont\rs ( ! f9i%'d ,piece are tak51 are f\nd 9 ! same ,p>allels to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxv4 ,figura ,trigesimaqu9ta4 ,de=matio coronicis ,composit1 ad latus inspect4 ,artificium nitid coronicis1 ex ve/igio elevatione figur trigesimqu>t eru5d1 non diff]t ab eo quod sp traditum e/4 ,itaque supposito1 qud l9ea plani horizontis1 ac puncta oculi ac di/anti1 habeant 9 hoc s*emate situm omn9o eundem1 quem hab5t 9 prc$5ti2 ope duorum circ9orum1 inv5i5tur di/anti1 quas anguli necess>ii ad integram del9eationem coronicis1 hab5t l9ea plani1 l9ea normali ad ipsam l9eam plani4 ,nam duc5do l9eas visuales1 aliasque l9eas p>allelas ad ipsum p]p5diculum1 cum t]m9is flexibus qui conv5iunt s+ulis membris1 complebitur del9eatio4 ,9 fa/igio visuales sunt p5itus occult3 puncta autem similia ,h ,l1 ex quibus fa/igium incipit introrsum flecti1 incidunt 9 unam e&emque visualem4 ,idipsum dico de aliis punctis similibus4 ,nam l9e rect omnes1 qu 9 figura trigesimat]tia sunt p>allel ad l9eam plani1 9 figuris trigesimaqu>ta trigesimaqu9ta sunt p>tes l9e>um visualium4 ,! ,?irty-fif? ,figure4 ,a ,side-,view ( ! ,composite ,cornice1 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,mann] ( draw+ ?is f9i%'d ,cornice1 f ! prec$+ ,plan & ,elevation1 is ! same ) t s (t5 %ewn y4 ,admitt+ !re=e1 t ! ,l9es ( ! ,plan & ,horizon1 & ! ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance1 h ! v same ,position 9 ?is1 t !y _h 9 ! prec$+ ,s*eme2 all ! ,angles necess>y = del9eat+ ! entire ,cornice1 are readily f\nd by ! help ( two pair ( ,compasses2 tak+ _! ,di/ances "o way f ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 & ! o!r way f a ,l9e p]p5dicul> to ! same3 ,!n draw+ ! visual & p]p5dicul> ,l9es1 & keep+ ! ,place & ,cont\r ( ! sev]al ,m\ld+s1 y complete y\r ,design4 ,9 ! ,p$am5t ! visual ,l9es are :olly occult2 & ! ,po9ts ,h & ,l1 :]e ! ,p$am5t beg9s to break back1 be+ ( l ,height1 are f\nd 9 "o & ! same ,visual3 ,& ! same may be said ( all ,po9ts t are ( equal ,height f ! ,plan2 = all ! "r ,l9es1 :i* 9 ! ,?irty-?ird ,figure are ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 9 ! ,?irty-f\r? & ,?irty-fif? ,figures are ,p>ts ( ! visual ,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,figura ,trigesimasexta4 ,prp>atio ad figuram trigesimamseptimam4 ,9 ve/igio geometrico ,c1 9 ejus elevatione ,,ab1 prcipuas tantm l9eas adnotavi1 ne figuram confund]em1 ut /udiosorum indu/ri aliquid rel9qu]em4 ,l9ea plani ,,eg habet divisiones latitud9is ,p1 longitud9is ,q1 ve/igii geometrici ,c4 ,ex punctis latitud9is duc5tur m solito visuales ad ,o punctum oculi2 ex punctis longitud9is fi5t occult ad punctum di/anti1 quod extra l9eam ,,ab prot5ditur modulis quatuordecim3 ubi occult ex divisionibus longitud9is secant visualem ,,fo fiunt p>allel ad l9eam plani ,,ef1 adhibitis sectionibus talium p>allel>um cum visualibus1 ad compl5dam de=mationem ve/igii4 ,edem l9e qu 9 ve/igio de=mato sunt p>allel ad ,,ef1 prolongantur usque ad visualem ,,eo1 cont9uantur cum aliis p>allelis ad p]p5diculum ,,de4 ,fiunt quoque visuales ad punctum oculi ex divisionibus elevationis ,,ab translatis 9 p]p5diculum ,,de2 adhibitis sectionibus talium p>allel>um cum visualibus1 ad compl5dam de=mationem longitud9is elevationis4 ,! ,six & ?irtie? ,figure1 ,prep>atory to ! ,?irty-sev5?4 ,9 ! ,geometrical ,plan ,c1 & 9 ! ,elevation !re( ,,ab1 ,i h only m>k'd ! pr9cipal ,l9es1 z well = avoid+ ,confusion 9 ! ,figure1 z t some?+ might be left to ! ,indu/ry ( ! ,/udi\s4 ,! ,l9e ( ! ,plan ,,eg has ! ,divisions ( ,bread? ,p1 & ( ,l5g? ,q1 ( ! ,geometrical ,plan ,c4 ,f ! ,po9ts ( ,bread? are drawn1 z usual1 ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o2 ,f ! ,po9ts ( ,l5g? occult ,l9es are produc'd to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 :i* lies f\rte5 ,modules )\t ! ,l9e ,,ab3 ,& :]e ! occult ,l9es f ! ,divisions ( ,l5g? cut ! ,visual ,,fo1 ,p>allels are made to ! ,gr\nd-,l9e ,,ef2 & f ! ,int]sections ( ^? ,p>allels ) ! ,visuals1 y complete ! ,del9eation ( ! ,plan 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,l9es :i* 9 ! ,plan are p>allel to ,,ef1 be+ prolong'd to ! ,visual ,,eo1 are !n cont9u'd p>allel to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,de4 ,& f ! ,divisions ( ,,ab1 produc'd to ,,de1 visual ,l9es are drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight2 :i* int]sect+ ! ,p]p5dicul>s a=esaid1 y f !nce f9d ! ,l5g? ( ! ,elevation 9 ,p]spective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxvii4 ,,figura ,trigesimaseptima4 ,de=matio column ,etrusc4 ,ex prp>atione quam exhibuimus figur trigesimasext1 eruitur columna hc nitida ,ord9is ,etrusci1 optic imm9uta p] latitud9es altitud9es p>tium s+ul>um2 qu accipiuntur ope duorum circ9orum1 ut spis dictum e/4 ,! ,?irty-sev5? ,figure4 ,a ,tuscan ,column 9 ,p]spective4 ,f ! ,prep>ation exhibit$ 9 ! ,?irty-six? ,figure1 is drawn ?is complete ,piece ( ! ,tuscan ,ord]1 br\ght into ,p]spective by means ( ! ,bread?s & ,heights ( ! sev]al ,p>ts1 exactly tak5 (f ) ! ,compasses1 z has be5 (t5 said4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxviii4 ,,figura ,trigesimaoctava4 ,prp>atio ad figuram trigesimamnonam4 ,hc figura e/ simillima figur trigesimsext4 ,9 ve/igio ,p limes prom95ti coronicis e/ ,r2 coron v] 9 /ylobat e/ ,t4 soliditas /ylobat e/ ,v4 ambitus column 9 imo e/ ,x1 9 summo ,z4 ,! ,?irty-eigh? ,figure4 ,prep>atory to ! ,?irty-n9?4 ,?is ,figure is v mu* ! same ) ! ,?irty-six?4 ,9 ! ,plan ,p1 ! utmo/ ,projecture ( ! ,cornice is ,r2 t ( ! ,cap ( ! ,p$e/al is ,t2 ! ,trunk ( ! ,p$e/al is ,v2 ! nak$ ,%aft ( ! ,column at bottom is ,x1 at top is ,z4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xxxix4 ,,figura ,trigesimanona4 ,de=matio dificii ,dorici4 ,habes hoc loco dificium ,doricum1 addito /atu unius ornam5to4 ,velim autem1 ut si figuram aliquam ex 8 desumptam1 del9e&am assumas1 aliquid mutes saltem 9 loco punctorum oculi aut di/anti4 ,hoc modo majores 9 hac arte progressus facies2 si alicubi clator ab]rav]it1 ex lapsu illius nullum s5ties detrim5tum4 ,! ,n9e & ?irtie? ,figure4 ,a ,piece ( ,dorick ,ar*itecture 9 ,p]spective4 ,9 ?is ,plate y h a ,dorick ,composition1 ) ! additional ,ornam5t ( a s+le ,/atue2 b ,i w\ld advise1 :5 y und]take to "w aft] any ( ^! ,designs1 y w\ld at lea/ place ! ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance some:at diff]+ f ^? "h giv52 :i* ,practice w bo? greatly fur!r y\r ,progress 9 ?is ,art1 & prev5t any ,inconv5i5ce1 t may arise f a ,mi/ake ( ! ,engrav]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xl4 ,,figura ,,quadragesima4 ,ve/igium geometricum dificii ,ord9is ,dorici4 ,vt /udiosorum1 qui s$ul se ex]cu]9t 9 praxibus hucusque traditis1 ad majora inhi5t1 utilitati s]viam1 del9e&am suscepi m$ietatem arcs cum tribus columnis1 ac totidem /atu>um loculam5tis4 ,ad vit&am autem confusionem1 ea dumtaxat membra 9 ve/igio adumbrantur1 qu rec5suimus figur trigesimaoctav1 o/5dunt *>act]es ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e4 ,! ,,=tie? ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( a ,design1 ( ! ,dorick ,ord]4 ,= ! ,b5efit ( ! ,/udi\s1 :o1 hav+ r$uc'd to ,practice ! ,rules hi!rto laid d[n1 aim at yet great] ,?+s2 ,i h "h und]tak5 to del9eate half an ,ar* adorn'd ) ?ree ,columns1 & z _m ,ni*es = ,/atues4 ,b to avoid ,confusion1 ,i h giv5 full ,l9es to ^? ,memb]s only1 :i* 7 m5tion'd 9 ! ,?irty-eigh? ,figure1 & :i* are "h d5ot$ by ! ,*>act]s ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xli4 ,,figura ,quadragesimaprima4 ,elevatio geometrica dificii ,dorici4 ,ex ve/igio geometrico eruitur hc elevatio geometrica longitud9is dificii no/ri4 ,et iccirc figura i/a quadragesimaprima1 cujus m5sur omnes desumpt sunt ex ,b>ozzio1 congruit longitud9i figur quadragesim4 ,! ,=ty-fir/ ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! =ego+ ,design4 ,?is ,upright is drawn f ! =ego+ ,geometrical ,plan2 & !re=e all ! ,p>ts ( ?is ,design1 ^: ,measures are tak5 f ,vignola1 exactly answ] ^? ( ! ,=tie? ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xlii4 ,,figura ,quadragesimasecunda4 ,modus vit&i confusionem1 9 contractione ve/igiorum1 elevationum4 ,contractiones ve/igii figur quadragesim1 elevationis figur quadragesimprim1 ob nimiam obliquitatem quam hab5t1 valde confus sunt4 ,m$ebimur tam5 incommodo i/i1 uti fecimus figuris decim undecim4 ,et o/5dit *>tula1 exhib5s 9 p>vo tum figuram hanc quadragesimamsecundam1 tum quatuor sequ5tes4 ,! ,=ty-second ,,figure4 ,! ,mann] ( avoid+ ,confusion1 9 r$uc+ ,plans & ,elevations into ,p]spective4 ,! ,r$uc+ into ,p]spective ! ,plan ( ! ,=tie? ,figure1 & ! ,upright ( ! ,=ty-fir/ ,figure1 w\ld become v confus'd1 ?r\gh ! great ,obliquity ( ! ,rays3 ,we h !re=e rem$y'd ! ,inconv5i5ces ( bo?1 by ! ,me?ods expla9'd 9 ! ,t5? & ,elev5? ,figures4 ,& ?is ,plate conta9s 9 little1 :at is m at l>ge describ'd 9 ,p>ts1 z well 9 ?is1 z ! f\r subsequ5t ,figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xliii4 ,,figura ,quadragesimat]tia4 ,contractio ve/igii figur quadragesim4 ,l9ea plani mult remotior e/ l9e horizontali 9 hoc s*emate1 qum 9 prc$5ti4 ,ideo i/ud ve/igium vacat omni confusione4 ,ct]a pat5t ex iis quae spis dicta sunt1 ex figur hujus inspectione4 ,oportet autem1 rectas p>allelas ad l9eam plani1 prolong>i usque ad visualem ,,to1 7qu cadit extra pag9am7 ut adm9iculo p>allel>um1 fiat elevatio longitud9is no/ri dificii1 de qu dicemus figur quadragesimaqu>t4 ,! ,=ty-?ird ,,figure4 ,! ,plan ( ! ,=tie? ,figure 9 ,p]spective4 ,by plac+ ! ,gr\nd-l9e 9 ?is1 mu* m remote f ! ,horizontal1 ?an x is 9 ! =ego+ ,figure1 all ,confusion is "h avoid$4 ,! re/ is evid5t f :at has be5 (t5 said on ?is ,head1 & a b>e ,inspection ( ! ,figure4 ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e mu/ nev]!less be cont9u'd to ! ,visual ,,to1 :i* falls )\t ?is ,page2 t f !m may be rais'd ! ,elevation ( ! ,l5g? ( ?is ,design1 :i* we %all h&le 9 ! next ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xliv4 ,,figura ,quadragesimaqu>ta4 ,contractio elevationis figur quadragesimprim4 ,rect p>allel ad l9eam plani figur quadragesimt]ti1 ubi p]v5]9t ad visualem ,,to1 cont9u& sunt1 m solito1 cum p>allelis ad l9eam p]p5dicul>em4 ,9 hanc autem transf]re oportet omnes divisiones1 quas ex ,b>ozzio habet elevatio hujus ord9is2 ac duc]e visuales4 ,quomodo autem1 adm9iculo visualium p>allel>um1 compleatur elevatio1 con/at ex figura1 cl>ius ex *>tula figur quadragesimsecund4 ,num]i #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 gem9ati1 o/5dunt c5tra altitud9es semicirculorum seu arcuum figur quadragesimqu9t2 videlicet1 num]us inf]ior designat c5trum1 sup]ior v] designat altitud9em semicirculi4 ,! ,=ty-f\r? ,,figure4 ,! ,elevation ( ! ,=ty-fir/ ,figure 9 ,p]spective4 ,:5 ! ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e 9 ! ,=ty-?ird ,figure1 are prolong'd to ! ,visual ,,to1 !y are !n1 z usual1 to be cont9u'd ,p>allels to ! ,p]p5dicul>3 ,on :i* ,p]p5dicul>1 ^? ,divisions giv5 by ,vignola1 = ! ,proportions ( ?is ,ord]1 are to be transf]r'd2 & ,visuals drawn f !m to ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,h[ by ^! ,visuals & ,p>allels ! ,elevation is rais'd 9 ,p]spective1 is manife/ 9 "p f ?is ,figure1 b m cle>ly f ! ,=ty-second ,figure4 ,! ,numb]s #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 :i* y "h see d\bl'd1 give ! ,c5t]s & ,heights ( ,semicircles ( ! ,ar*es 9 ! ,=ty-fif? ,figure2 ! l[] ,numb]s d5ot+ ! ,c5t]s1 & ! upp] ,numb]s ! ,heights ( ! ,semicircles ( ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xlv4 ,,figura ,quadragesimaqu9ta4 ,dimidium dificii ,dorici optic de=mati4 ,huic figur del9e& plures priv]unt1 ejusdemque latitud9es mutuati sumus ex figura quadragesimat]tia1 altitud9es ex quadragesimaqu>ta4 ,sup]e/ autem1 ut lum9a umbr scit inducantur 9 s+ulas p>tes dificii4 ,! ,=ty-fif? ,,figure4 ,"o ,half ( ! ,dorick ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,! =ego+ ,figures be+ prep>atory to ?is1 ! ,bread?s are tak5 f ! ,=ty-?ird1 & ! ,heights f ! ,=ty-f\r? ,figure4 ,x only rema9s1 t ! ,lights & ,%ades be skilfully dispos'd to ea* ,"p ( ! ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xlvi4 ,,figura ,quadragesimasexta4 ,alt]um dimidium ejusdem dificii4 ,sup]s$]e pot]am del9eatione alt]ius m$ietatis dificii no/ri4 ,v]m op] non pep]ci1 ut o/5d]em div]sitatem lum9um umbr>um1 qu conv5iunt p>tibus ct]oqui omn9o similibus4 ,! ,=ty-six? ,,figure4 ,! o!r ,half ( ! same ,design4 ,i might v well h omitt$ ?is ,half ( ! ,design1 b t ,i sp>'d no ,pa9s1 to %ew ! ,div]sity ( ! ,lights & ,%ad[s1 t mu/ be giv5 to ^? ,p>ts ( ! ,"w1 :i* 9 o!r ,respects are alike4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xlvii4 ,,figura ,quadragesimaseptima4 ,ve/igia dificii ,ionici4 ,ve/igium geometricum ,a dificii ,ionici1 sub se habet suam de=mationem ,b4 ,hc autem ut evadat di/9ctior1 l9eam plani1 qu 9 sequ5tibus figuris habebit di/antiam ,,pe ab horizontali ,,oe1 deorsum protraximus 9 ,,cd1 ut etiam fecimus figur quadragesimasecund quadragesimat]ti4 ,l9ea visualis ,,om eundem habet usum1 quem visualis ,,ot figur quadragesimt]ti2 videlicet1 ut 9 ea t]m95tur p>allel ad l9eam plani ex membris ve/igii ,b1 eademque cont9u5tur cum aliis p>allelis ad rectam ,,ec1 pro de=m& elevatione quam apponemus figur quadragesimanon4 ,! ,=ty-sev5? ,,figure4 ,! ,plan ( an ,ionick ,build+4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( ?is ,ionick ,"w is ,a1 und]nea? is its ,p]spective ,b2 to r5d] :i* m di/9ct1 ! ,gr\nd-l9e t 9 ! foll[+ ,figures has only ! ,di/ance ,,pe f ! ,horizontal ,,eo1 is "h remov'd d[nw>d to ,,cd1 z 0 done 9 ! ,=ty-second & ,=ty-?ird ,figures =ego+4 ,! visual ,l9e ,,om is ( ! same use z t ( ,,ot 9 ! ,=ty-?ird ,figure2 namely1 to t]m9ate ! ,l9es :i* are drawn f ! ,memb]s ( ! ,plan ,b p>allel to ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 f :5ce !y are aga9 cont9u'd p>allel to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,ec1 = mak+ 9 ,p]spective ! ,elevation ins]t$ 9 ! ,=ty-n9? ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xlviii4 ,,figura ,quadragesimaoctava4 ,elevatio geometrica dificii ,ionici4 ,ex hac elevatione qu cl> o/5dit membra totius dificii secundum longitud9em dissecti1 desumuntur altitud9es ac t]m9ationes membrorum s+ulorum4 ,p]itiores tam5 hac figur del9e& sup]s$]e sol5t1 quia t]m9ationes hab]i possunt ex ve/igio ,a figur quadragesimseptim1 altitud9es v] pon5d it]um sunt figur sequ5ti4 ,! ,=ty-eigh? ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,upright ( ! =ego+ ,ionick ,design4 ,f ?is ,figure 7:i* di/9ctly %ews ! ,composition ( ! :ole ,"w1 9 respect ( its ,l5g?7 are tak5 ! ,heights & ,t]m9ations ( ! sev]al ,memb]s !re(4 ,b ^? t are skill'd 9 ?is ,art1 usually omit ! del9eat+ ^! ,elevations2 because ! ,t]m9ations may be tak5 f ! ,plan ,a 9 ! ,=ty-sev5? ,figure2 & ! ,heights mu/ be repeat$ 9 ! foll[+ ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xlix4 ,,figura ,quadragesimanona4 ,de=matio elevationis dificii ,ionici4 ,hc figura cont95s de=mationem prc$5tis elevationis1 p]ficitur me?odo illa1 quam o/5dimus figur quadragesimasecund2 nimirum1 ex ve/igio ,b figur quadragesimseptim1 duc]e oportet p>allelas ad l9eam plani ,,cd1 qu ubi p]v5]9t ad visualem ,,om1 cont9u& sunt cum aliis p>allelis ad l9eam ,,ec4 ,easdem p>allelas 9 hanc figuram translatas secant visuales ex l9ea recta ,,ab1 9 qua posit sunt altitud9es dificii ,ionici1 desumpta vel ex figura prc$5ti1 vel ex ,b>ozzio4 ,nullum autem e/ punctum 9 membris hujus elevationis1 quod non inv5iatur p] sectiones visualium ex l9ea ,,ab1 cum p>allelis ad e&em l9eam4 ,! ,=ty-n9? ,,figure4 ,! ,elevation ( ! ,ionick ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,?is ,plate conta9+ ! ,p]spective ( ! =ego+ ,upright1 is drawn by ! ,me?od laid d[n 9 ! ,=ty-second ,figure2 to wit1 f ! ,plan ,b ( ! ,=ty-sev5? ,figure1 ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,,cd are prolong'd to ! ,visual ,,om2 & !nce are cont9u'd ,p>allels to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,ec4 ,^! be+ transf]r'd into ?is ,figure1 are int]sect$ by ! visual ,l9es t proce$ f ,,ab1 :i* conta9s ! ,heights ( ?is ,ionick ,composition1 agreeable to ! =ego+ ,figure1 & ! ,rules deliv]'d by ,vignola4 ,n[ !re is no ,po9t 9 any ,memb] ( ?is ,upright1 b may be f\nd by ! ,int]section :i* ! visual ,l9e f ,,ab makes ) its respective ,p]p5dicul>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,l4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesima4 ,ar*itectura ,ionica4 ,ex ve/igio figur quadragesimseptim1 ex elevatione figur quadragesimnon1 eruitur hoc dificium ,ionicum1 quod esse pot]it vel pr9cipium alicujus turris campan>i1 aut basis cujuspiam arcs triumphalis4 ,v]eor ut clator suam dilig5tiam 9 hoc s*emate satis probav]it4 ,ejus tam5 errata facil ipse deteges1 omni /udio cavebis4 ,! ,fiftie? ,,figure4 ,a ,design ( ,ionick ,ar*itecture4 ,f ! ,plan ( ! ,=ty-sev5? ,figure1 & f ! ,upright ( ! ,=ty-n9? ,figure1 is drawn ?is ,ionick ,piece2 :i* might well s]ve = ! l[] ,ord] ( a ,turret1 or = "p ( a ,triumphal-,ar*4 ,i fe> ! ,engrav] has n be5 s exact 9 ?is ,s*eme1 z he ought2 b y w readily discov] 8 ,mi/akes1 & c>efully bew>e ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,li4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimaprima4 ,ordo ,cor9?ius4 ,complectitur hc pag9a molem contractam ,ord9is ,cor9?ii1 cum suis prp>ationibus4 ,ve/igium ,a exhibet p>ietem pone columnas cavum in/> canalis4 ,idem ve/igium optic de=matur 9 ,d3 omissque elevatione geometric1 p] ejus altitud9es notatas 9 l9e ,,bc projicitur elevatio2 ac me?odo consuet1 ex ve/igio elevatione componitur dificium1 addito /atu unius ornam5to4 ,! ,fifty-fir/ ,,figure4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,?is ,plate conta9s ! ,p]spective ( a ,cor9?ian ,"w1 ) its ,prep>ations4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ,a %ews ! ,wall wr\ght holl[ beh9d ! ,columns4 ,! said ,plan 9 ,p]spective is ,d3 & leav+ out ! ,geometrical ,elevation1 ! ,p]spective !re( is describ'd1 by transf]r+ ! ,heights ( ! =m] into ! ,l9e ,,bc4 ,f ! ,p]spective-,plan & ,upright ! ,design is f9i%'d aft] ! usual ,mann]2 to :i* is add$ ! ,ornam5t ( a s+le ,/atue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lii4 ,figura ,qu9quagesimasecunda4 ,del9eatio column spiralis1 ,ord9is ,compositi4 ,posita elevatione geometrica column rect1 ac divisione illius 9 vig9tiquatuor p>tes quales1 columna spiralis absolvitur p] p>tes circumf]5ti circulorum1 quorum diametri sunt quales div]sis latitud9ibus column rect1 ut o/5dit figura 9 ,a4 ,ad projectionem opticam elevationis1 not& sunt quatuor occult rect1 qu ex t]m9is convexitatis concavitatis infim>um spir>um ejusdem elevationis ,a1 desc5dunt ac des9unt 9 duos circulos ve/igii geometrici ,b4 ,ve/igium ipsum optic imm9utum habetur 9 ,c3 edem autem sunt maxim h9c inde latitud9es1 tum 9 circulo majori1 tum 9 convexitate infim>um column spir>um2 edem sunt maxim latitud9es1 tum 9 circulo m9ori1 tum 9 concavitate ips>um spir>um2 ut dignosces applic&o regulam spiris simul circulis4 ,ex quatuor punctis maxim latitud9is duorum circulorum1 incipiunt quatuor l9e p>allel ad l9eam plani1 qu ubi p]v5]9t ad visualem ,,ed1 cont9u& sunt cum p>allelis ad p]p5diculum ,,df4 ,9 e&em l9eam ,,df1 ex elevatione ,a transf]re oportet vig9tiquatuor p>tes quales altitud9is column1 ac duc]e visuales ad ,o punctum oculi4 ,p] sectionem autem visualium cum prdictis quatuor p>allelis ad l9eam ,,df1 ducuntur l9e undulat ,,mn1 ,,pq1 ex quibus eruuntur l9e utr9que t]m9ativ column spiralis nitid4 ,ex l9ea v] ,,gh habetur facies ant]ior /ylobat1 column coronicis2 ex l9ea ,,il habetur facies eorum po/]ior4 ,! ,fifty-second ,,figure4 ,! ,description ( a wrea?'d ,column1 ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,hav+ made ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( a /reight ,column1 & divid$ ! ,height ( its ,%aft into ,f\r & tw5ty equal ,p>ts2 ! ,wrea?+ is describ'd by ,p>ts ( ! ,circumf]5ce ( ,circles1 ^: ,diamet]s are equal to ! sev]al ,bread?s1 or ,diamet]s1 ( ! /reight ,column2 z is %ewn 9 ! ,figure ,a4 ,= putt+ ! ,upright into ,p]spective1 f\r /reight occult ,l9es are ( use1 :i* desc5d f ! ,ext5t ( ! ,swell+s & ,s9k+s ( ! l[] ,wrea?s ( ! ,column ,a2 & t]m9ate 9 two ,circles ( ! ,geometrical ,plan ,b4 ,! said ,plan laid d[n 9 ,p]spective is ,c4 ,! utmo/ ,ext5t ( ! great] ,circle det]m9es t ( ! ,convex ,p>ts ( ! l[] ,wrea?s3 ,! greate/ ,bread? ( ! less] ,circle gives t ( ! holl[ ,p>ts ( ! said ,wrea?s2 z may be p]ceiv'd1 by apply+ a ,rul] f ! ,wrea?s to ! ,circles ( ! ,plan4 ,f ! f\r ,po9ts ( greate/ ,bread? 9 ^? ,circles1 f\r ,l9es p>allel to ! ,gr\nd-l9e are cont9u'd to ! ,visual ,,ed1 & !nce aga9 cont9u'd p>allel to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,df4 ,f ! ,elevation ,a1 ! ,f\r & tw5ty equal ,p>ts ( ! ,columns ,height are transf]r'd into ! ,l9e ,,df1 & ,visuals drawn f ea* to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o4 ,by ! ,int]sections ( ^? ,visuals ) ! f\r ,p]p5dicul>s a=esaid1 are drawn ! wav'd ,l9es ,,mn1 ,,pq2 f :i*1 bo? ! ,out-l9es ( ! f9i%'d ,column are describ'd4 ,b ! ,=e-"p ( ! ,p$e/al1 ,column1 & ,cornice1 is tak5 f ! ,l9e ,,gh2 ! ,back-"p ( ! same f ! ,l9e ,,il4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,liii4 ,a4 ,fig4 ,qu9quages4 t]tia ,a4 ,ord9es ,ar*itectur1 desumpti ex ,palladio ,scamozzio4 ,de ,ord9ibus ,ar*itectur1 prt] ,b>ozzium1 egregi scrips]unt ,palladius ,scamozzius2 ac s+uli1 jure m]ito1 suos hab5t asseclas patronos4 ,ut erg1 etiam juxta laudatissimorum ,autorum placita1 opticas projectiones fac]e possis1 omnes ,ord9es 9 hac pag9 exhib]e volui1 ut 9 eorum ,libris inv5iuntur4 ,! ,fifty-?ird ,figure ,a4 ,! ,ord]s ( ,ar*itecture1 tak5 f ,palladio & ,scamozzi4 ,besides ,vignola1 ,palladio & ,scamozzi h also writt5 excell5tly well ( ! ,ord]s ( ,ar*itecture2 & ea* ( 'em h des]v$ly _! ,foll[]s & ,admir]s4 ,t y might !re=e be enabl'd to make ,designs 9 ,p]spective1 aft] ! ,proportions ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ,ma/]s1 ,i h 9 ?is ,plate giv5 y ! ,measures ( all ! ,ord]s1 z deliv]'d by !m 9 _! ,books4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,liii4 ,b4 ,fig4 ,qu9quages4 t]tia ,b4 ,modus triplex del9e&i columnas spirales4 ,column figur sup]ioris c>5t ea conc9nitate1 qua prdit sunt column spirales ne celeb]rimi ,equitis ,b]n9i ad sepulcrum ,s4 ,petri 9 ,vaticano4 ,itaque me?odum triplicem exhibeo ad m9u5da spatia totius altitud9is column4 #a4 ,recta ,,oa sit qualis altitud9i ,,ab column4 ,fiat autem recta ,,ob1 arcus ,,ap ex c5tro ,o1 divisus 9 p>tes duodecim quales1 duc5do rectas1 qu p] puncta divisionum des9ant 9 columnam rectam2 ac demum fiant p>allel ad basim3 ,spatia int] has p>allelas dabunt ap]turam circ9i pro triangulis quilat]is pro spiris1 ut o/5dit columna #a4 #b4 ,translat 9 ,c t]ti p>te altitud9is column ab ejus imo scapo1 habeat circ9us ap]turam ,,cd2 ac posito uno ejus crure prius 9 ,d1 po/ea 9 ,c1 fiant duo p>vi arcus ad ,e3 sectio illorum arcuum erit c5trum arcs ,,dc1 quem oportet divid]e 9 duodecim p>tes quales1 ex punctis divisionum duc]e p>allelas ad basim4 ,tum spatiis int] p>allelas divisis 9 quatuor p>tes quales1 tres ex illis p>tibus dabunt longitud9em crurum pro triangulis isoscelibus2 v]tices autem triangulorum erunt c5tra s+ul>um spir>um1 ut o/5dit columna #b4 #c4 ,duct ex m$io summitatis ,g rect ,,gf1 spatium ,,hf transf]atur 9 ,i1 fiat recta ,,il p>allela ad basim ,,hf2 spatium ,,il transf]atur 9 ,n1 ac fiat ,,nm1 sic de9ceps4 ,9 p>vis columnis triangula s9e s5sibili errore duci possunt p] diagonales3 9 columnis tam5 gr&ioribus1 alt]utrum ex modis antea explicatis adhib]e necesse e/4 ,! ,fifty-?ird ,figure ,b4 ,?ree diff]5t ,ways ( del9eat+ wrea?'d ,columns4 ,! wrea?'d ,columns describ'd 9 ! ,fifty-second ,figure1 be+ divid$ into ,tw5ty-f\r equal ,p>ts1 want v mu* ( t ,elegancy ( ,cont\r1 :i* is visible 9 ^? brass ,pill>s1 made by ! fam\s ,cavali] ,b]n9o1 = ,s4 ,pet]'s ,sepul*] 9 ! ,vatican4 ,:]e=e ,i "h lay be=e y ?ree sev]al ,ways ( dim9i%+ ! ,spaces ?r\gh ! :ole ,height ( ! ,column4 #a4 ,make ! "r ,l9e ,,oa equal to ,,ab ! ,height ( ! ,column2 !n draw ! ,l9e ,,ob1 & on ! ,c5t] ,o describe at pleasure ! ,ar* ,,ap1 :i* divide into twelve equal ,p>ts1 & by ! ,divisions draw /reight ,l9es f ! ,c5t] ,o to ! ,l9e ( ! ,column2 & la/ly cont9ue ! same ,p>allels to ! ,base4 ,! ,spaces betwe5 ^! ,p>allels1 %all be ! ,sides ( equilat]al ,triangles1 :]e) y are to describe ! ,wrea? ( ! ,column1 z is se5 9 ,column #a4 #b4 ,hav+ set ! ?ird ,"p ( ! ,columns ,height1 f ! ,bottom ( ! ,%aft to ! ,po9t ,c2 ) ! ,int]val ,,cd1 f ! ,c5t]s ,d & ,c1 describe ! ,p>ts ( ,ar*es int]sect+ at ,e4 ,on ! ,c5t] ,e1 ) ! same ,int]val1 describe ! ,ar* ,,dc1 :i* divide into twelve equal ,p>ts2 & f ! ,po9ts ( ^? ,divisions1 draw ,p>allels to ! ,base4 ,!n divid+ ea* ,space betwe5 ! ,p>allels into f\r equal ,p>ts2 ?ree ( ^? ,p>ts %all be ! ,sides ( ! ,isosceles ,triangle2 ^: ,v]tex is ! ,c5t] :]eon to describe ea* ,wrea? ( ,column #b4 #c4 ,hav+ drawn f ! mid/ ( ! ,columns top ,g1 ! ,l9e ,,gf1 make ,,hi equal to ,,hf1 & draw ,,il p>allel to ! ,base ,,hf3 ,aga91 make ,,9 equal to ,,il1 & draw ,,nm also p>allel1 & s on4 ,9 small ,pill>s1 ! ,c5t]s ( ! ,diagonals ( ^! ,spaces may1 )\t s5sible ,err\r1 s]ve = describ+ ! ,wrea?s2 b 9 great] ,columns1 ei!r ( ! o!r two ,me?ods is r to be *os54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,liv4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimaqu>ta4 ,ve/igia dificii ,ord9is ,cor9?ii4 ,descripturi dificium ,cor9?ium octangul>e1 ponimus hic ve/igia unius ex quatuor p>tibus pil>um1 quibus imponetur =nix 9 modum ?oli1 ut con/abit 9 figur qu9quagesimaoctava4 ,ad faciliorem descriptionem1 9 p>te inf]iori pag9 posui ve/igium geometricum /ylobat1 9 sup]iori ve/igium geometricum coronicis1 cum latitud9ibus longitud9ibus membrorum s+ulorum2 ut eas transf]5do 9 l9eam plani m consueto1 utrumque ve/igium optic de=metur4 ,ad vit&am confusionem1 prius not>e oportebit puncta qu spectant ad membra prop9quiora solido p>ieti1 de9de alia4 ,! ,fifty-f\r? ,,figure4 ,! ,plan ( a ,design ( ! ,cor9?ian ,ord]4 ,be+ to describe an ,octangul> ,cor9?ian ,"w1 ,i h "h ins]t$ ! ,plan ( "o ,qu>t] ( ! ,composition2 :i* is vault$ 9 ,=m ( a ,cupola1 z is se5 9 ! ,fifty-eigh? ,figure4 ,to r5d] ! ,plan less confus'd1 ,i h1 9 ! l[] "p ( ! ,plate1 giv5 ! ,geometrical ,plan ( ! ,p$e/al2 & 9 ! upp] "p1 t ( ! ,cornice2 ) ! ,bread?s & ,l5g?s ( ea* ,memb]3 s t by transf]r+ ! same into ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 aft] ! usual ,mann]2 y del9eate ea* ,plan 9 ,p]spective4 ,= avoid+ ,confusion1 'twill be requisite fir/1 to transf] ! ,po9ts ( ^? ,memb]s t are next ! ,solidity ( ! ,wall2 & !n proce$ to ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lv4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimaqu9ta4 ,elevatio dificii ,ord9is ,cor9?ii4 ,elevatio geometrica dificii octangul>is congruit cum duobus ejus ve/igiis figur antec$5tis4 ,quia v] elevatio p>ietis abscondit secundam ex quatuor columnis1 eademque 9 dificio de=mato conspicua futura e/2 iccirc eam l9eis occultis design>e oportuit4 ,! ,fifty-fif? ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( a ,cor9?ian ,"w4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ?is ,octangul> ,design1 is :olly correspond5t to ! two ,plans ( ! =ego+ ,figure3 ,b because ! ,wall 9 ?is ,upright takes (f ! ,sight f ! second ( ! f\r ,columns1 :i* is not)/&+ visible 9 ! f9i%'d ,p]spective t foll[s2 'tis requisite to del9eate ! same ) occult ,l9es1 z 9 ! ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lvi4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimasexta4 ,de=matio ve/igiorum elevationis dificii ,cor9?ii4 ,9 hac figur1 l9eam plani co9cid]e volui cum l9ea horizontis4 ,itaque vid]i non posset ve/igium inf]ius1 nisi ut alias deorsum protraxi l9eam plani1 hic conv]so sursum promovissem l9eam horizontis1 quam con/itui m$iam int] l9eas plani utriusque ve/igii1 ut amb projectiones ess5t qu di/9ct4 ,9 elevatione1 columna secunda1 quam1 ut dixi1 p>ies abscondit1 l9eis occultis design&a e/4 ,! ,fifty-six? ,,figure4 ,! ,p]spective ,plans & ,upright ( ! ,cor9?ian ,design =ego+4 ,9 ?is ,figure1 ,i h made ! ,gr\nd-l9e co9cid5t ) t ( ! ,horizon1 9 :i* case ! l[] ,plan c't be se51 unless ! ,gr\nd-l9e be sunk l[]1 z be=e intimat$2 or contr>iwise1 ! ,po9t ( ,sight rais'd high]1 z ,i h "h done1 keep+ x 9 ! mid/ betwe5 ! ,gr\nd-l9es ( ! two ,plans1 t ! ,p]spective ( bo? might be equally di/9ct4 ,9 ! ,elevation1 ! second ,column1 :i* ,i m5tion'd to be hidd5 by ! ,wall1 %\ld be design'd ) occult ,l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lvii4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimaseptima4 ,adumbratio figur sequ5tis4 ,figuram hanc seorsim del9eavi1 ut videas quomodo faci5da sit op]is totius adumbratio1 accipi5do altitud9es membrorum s+ulorum ex elevatione2 latitud9es longitud9es ex ve/igiis4 ,qu omnia ex diagrammatis inspectione cl>issim app>5t4 ,! ,fifty-sev5? ,,figure4 ,! r\gh ,draught ( ! foll[+ ,figure4 ,i h drawn ?is ,figure ap>t1 t y may see ! ,mann] ( describ+ ! ,out-l9e ( ! :ole ,"w1 by tak+ ! ,heights ( ! sev]al ,memb]s f ! ,elevation1 & _! ,bread?s & ,l5g?s f ! ,plans2 all :i* is v pla91 ^u ,inspection ( ! ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lviii4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimaoctava4 dificium ,ord9is ,cor9?ii octangul>e4 ,hucusque descripsimus pilas anticas s9i/ras dificii ,cor9?ii4 ,en hoc loco m$ietatem dext]am totius ,op]is4 ,integrum v] dificium habebis figur sexagesim4 ,! ,fifty-eigh? ,,figure4 ,"p ( an ,octangul> ,"w ( ! ,cor9?ian ,ord]4 ,hi!rto ! ne>e/ left-h& ,qu>t] ( ?is ,cor9?ian ,design has be5 describ'd4 ,9 ?is ,plate y h ! "r-h& ,half ( ! :ole ,"w2 & 9 ! ,sixtie? ,figure1 ! entire ,p]spective compleat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lix4 ,,figura ,qu9quagesimanona4 ,ve/igia tab]naculi octangul>is4 ,projectiones r]um octangul>ium sunt quadratis difficiliores3 ide 9 eis explic&is dilig5ti non pep]ci4 ,moles cujus ve/igia vides 9 ,a ,b1 conv5it 9 multis cum e quam ereximus figur qu9quagesimaoctav4 ,visualis ,,cd recipit sectiones p]p5dicul>ium1 qu des]viunt pro elevatione figur sequ5tis1 ut spius dictum e/4 ,si facies int]ior del9e&a sit seorsim facie ant]iori1 illam p]ficies ope l9e>um ,,ce1 i/am ope l9e>um ,,fd4 ,! ,fifty-n9? ,,figure4 ,! ,plans ( an ,octangul> ,tab]nacle4 ,octangul> ,figures be+ m difficult to be put 9 ,p]spective1 ?an ! ,squ>e2 ,i %all use my be/ ,endeav\rs to r5d] ! ,me?od z pla9 z possible4 ,! ,composition ^: ,plans y see 9 ,a & ,b1 has mu* ,aff9ity ) t describ'd 9 ! ,fifty-eigh? ,figure4 ,! ,visual ,,cd receives ! ,sections1 f :i* ,p]p5dicul>s are rais'd = ! ,elevation & ,pr(ile ( ! foll[+ ,figure1 z has be5 (t5 said4 ,if y w\ld del9eate ! ,back-"p sep>ate f ! ,=e-"p1 y may d ! =m] by means ( ! ,l9e ,,ce1 & ! latt] by t ( ,,fd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lx4 ,,figura ,,sexagesima4 ,tab]naculum octangul>e4 ,hoc tab]naculo aliquoties usus fui pro expositione quadrag9ta hor>um4 ,si colores scit inducti fu]9t 9 duos ord9es tel>iorum1 resectis omnibus qu ad molem ipsam non p]t95t1 spectatoribus imponet1 solida videbitur4 ,oportebit autem exempl> ext]n faciei eru]e ex p>te ,,df ve/igii elevationis2 exempl> int]ioris faciei eru]e ex p>te ,,ec1 s]v&o 9 omnibus regulas quas hucusque tradidimus4 ,! ,,sixtie? ,,figure4 ,an ,octangul> ,tab]nacle 9 ,p]spective4 ,i h sometimes made use ( ?is ,tab]nacle = ! ,exposition ( ! ,=ty ,h\rs4 ,if ! ,col\rs are laid by a skilful ,h&1 on two ,ranges ( ,clo?1 & ! ,frame cut away accord+ to ! ,out-l9e ( ! ,"w1 !y w wond]fully deceive ! ,eye1 & appe> z solid2 b !n ! out] ,range mu/ be drawn aft] ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! ,"p ,,df 9 ! =ego+ ,figure2 & ! inn] ,range aft] t ( ,,ec2 9 all ?+s obs]v+ ! ,rules hi!rto deliv]'d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxi4 ,,figura ,sexagesimaprima4 ,modus erig5di ma*9as1 qu con/ant pluribus ord9ibus tel>iorum4 ,ex figur inspectione addisces modum erig5di ma*9as qu con/ant pluribus ord9ibus tel>iorum4 ,tab]naculum hoc no/rum indiget duobus tantum ord9ibus2 nam tel>ia prop9quiora oculo exprimunt faciem ext]nam1 remotiora exhib5t faciem int]nam4 ,ne autem lateant /ipites quibus tel>ia su/95tur1 m$ietatem tel>iorum adumbr>e omisimus4 ,recta ,,ls e/ l9ea plani1 recta ,,dg e/ l9ea horizontalis2 ac punctum di/anti quod cadit extra pag9am 9 recta ,,cg prolongat1 debet esse remotum puncto ,c1 quantum 9 sup]iori p>te figur qu9quagesimnon1 punctum di/anti e/ remotum puncto oculi4 ,eadem horizontalis ,,dg secatur normalit] 9 ,c recta ,,ef1 qu e/ sectio ext]n faciei tab]naculi1 ex ,c incipiunt divisiones 9 p>tes quales pro reticulatione ant]ioris faciei tel>iorum1 ut dicemus figur sexagesimasecunda4 ,recta ,,il qu e/ sectio int]n faciei tab]naculi1 di/at ad libitum recta ,,ef cui e/ p>allela4 ,porr1 p] divisiones rect ,,ef 7ut vides 9 ,m1 ,n1 ,o7 ex puncto di/anti duc5d sunt visuales ad rectam ,,il pro reticulatione aliorum tel>iorum3 di/antia enim ,,dc facit ut aug]e oporteat ea qu 9 tel>iis p+untur1 alioqu9 ju/o m9ora vid]5tur4 ,atque h9c dignosces1 cur arcus qui 9 tel>iis ant]ioribus p]t+]et solum ad ,b1 9 po/]ioribus elevetur usque ad ,h4 ,figura sequ5ti proponemus modum del9e&i faciem int]nam tel>iorum1 adhibita reticulatione ext]n faciei3 ad intellig5tiam v] illius me?odi1 fiat 9 hac figur recta ,,hp p>allela ad ,,dc1 ac recta ,,bc dividatur 9 totidem p>tes quales1 9 quot p>tes divisa fu]it recta ,,pc4 ,! ,sixty-fir/ ,,figure4 ,! ,mann] ( erect+ ,ma*9es1 t consi/ ( sev]al ,ranges ( ,frames4 ,by ca/+ y\r ,eye on ! ,figure1 y'll readily appreh5d ! ,mann] ( erect+ ! sev]al ,ranges ( ,frames4 ,?is ,tab]nacle la/ describ'd ne$s only two ( !m2 ! ,frame next ! ,eye repres5ts ! out] ,face1 & ! h9d] ,frame ! inn] ,face !re(4 ,i h "h describ'd b ! ,half-,bread? ( ! said ,frames1 t y might h a ,sight ( ! ,poles & ,braces :i* support !m4 ,! ,l9e ,,ls is ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 or ,gr\nd-l9e2 ! ,l9e ,,dg is t ( ! ,horizon2 & ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 :i* falls )\t ! ,page ,,cg prolong'd1 is z f> f ! ,po9t ,c1 z ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance is f ! ,po9t ( ,sight 9 ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,fifty-n9? ,figure4 ,! ,horizontal ,,dg is cut p]p5dicul>ly 9 ,c by ! ,l9e ,,ef1 :i* is ! ,section ( ! out] ,face ( ! ,tab]nacle2 & f ! ,po9t ,c beg9 ! equal ,divisions = ! ,net-"w ( ! =emo/ ,frame1 z is %ewn 9 ! ,sixty-second ,figure4 ,! ,l9e ,,il1 :i* is ! ,section ( ! inn] ,face ( ! ,tab]nacle1 may at pleasure be set ne>] or f>!r f ! ,l9e ,,ef1 to :i* x is p>allel4 ,by ! ,divisions ( ! ,l9e ,,ef 7z ,m1 ,n1 ,o7 ,l9es are drawn f ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance to ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,il1 = ! ,net-"w ( t ,frame2 = ! ,di/ance ,,dc obliges ! ,p>ts ( ,d to be pa9t$ l>g]1 o!rwise !y w appe> less ?an !y really ought4 ,& f h5ce y may disc]n1 :y ! ,ar*1 :i* 9 ! =emo/ ,frame w\ld rea* only to ,b1 does 9 ! h9dmo/ rise up to ,h4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,figure is %ewn ! ,mann] ( del9eat+ ! inn] ,frame1 f ! ,net-"w ( ! out] ,face2 = ! bett] und]/&+ ( :i*1 make ! ,l9e ,,hp 9 ?is ,figure p>allel to ,,dc1 & let ! ,l9e ,,bc be divid$ into z _m equal ,p>ts1 z ! ,l9e ,,pc 04 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxii4 ,,figura ,sexagesimasecunda4 ,de reticul&is tel>iis1 qu reprs5t5t dificia solida4 ,duo exempl>ia tab]naculi qu seorsim del9e&a sunt1 conjunctim habes 9 ,a4 ,utrisque des]vit eadem reticulatio1 quam suis num]is insignivimus4 ,po/quam ergo designav]is amplitud9em totius dificii1 cum proportione ad ipsam reticulabis pavim5tum ,b aul cujuspiam quod capiat rem totam1 ascriptis eisdem num]is quos habet exempl>3 ejusque retis ope1 duc5tur 9 pavim5to l9e t]m9ativ totidem membrorum1 quot futura sunt tel>ia exprim5tia faciem ext]nam tab]naculi4 ,ubi hc p>ata fu]9t1 s+ula dispon5tur exact suis locis 9 ipsomet pavim5to2 ac funiculis colore nigro imbutis1 repetetur 9 tel>iis eadem reticulatio1 additis ad libitum pluribus visualibus2 qu>um adjum5to dum seorsim p+untur tel>ia1 duci queant rect t5d5tes ad punctum oculi seu p]spectiv4 ,alia quoque reticulatio sup] pavim5to necess>ia e/ pro int]n facie tab]naculi3 ac du reticulationes pavim5ti eam int] se proportionem habebunt1 quam hab5t divisiones rect>um ,,il1 ,,ef1 figur sexagesimprim4 ,hujus retis ductu fi5t l9e t]m9ativ tel>iorum cum reliquis1 ut jam indicavimus4 ,juxta hanc me?odum nequeunt duci l9e t]m9ativ int]ioris faciei1 nisi fiat 9 pavim5to aliud rete deleto priori1 quod esset vald laboriosum4 ,po/quam ergo ex ve/igio figur qu9quagesimnon eruta s9t duo exempl>ia1 9 exempl> faciei ext]n transf]atur recta ,,pc figur sexagesimprim1 9 exempl> faciei int]n transf]atur recta ,,bc4 ,si autem recta ,,pc divisa fu]it 9 qu9decim p>tes quales1 dividetur ,,bc 9 qu9decim p>tes quales1 atque ope h>um divisionum reticul>e oportebit utrumque exempl>4 ,porr licet quadrata 9 reti exempl>is faciei ext]n s9t majora quadratis exempl>is int]n faciei1 nihilom9us idem rete pavim5ti des]viet pro duc5dis l9eis t]m9ativis utriusque faciei4 ,qu dicta sunt de duobus exempl>ibus1 val5t de aliis quotcunque4 ,exempli grati2 si con/ru]e placeat qu9que ord9es tel>iorum1 fi5t qu9que exempl>ia 9 papyro4 ,si 9 omnibus exempl>ibus usurpetur eadem reticulatio1 9 pavim5to fac]e oportet qu9que div]sas reticulationes4 ,si autem 9 exempl>ibus fiant qu9que div]s reticulationes1 9 pavim5to sufficit una reticulatio4 ,cur&um e/ ut s+ula retis quadrata 9 tel>iis s9t exacta1 omnesque illorum anguli s9t recti4 ,modus exp$itissimus faci5di angulos rectos e/ hujusmodi4 ,posito uno crure circ9i 9 puncto ,f l9e rect ,,ef1 alioque crure posito ubilibet 9 ,o1 fiet circulus ,,gfi1 ex puncto ,g diamet] ,,gi4 ,si recta ,,hf transeat p] puncta ,i ,f1 e/ normalis ad ,,ef4 ,! ,sixty-second ,,figure4 ,( mak+ ! ,net-"w on ,frames1 = repres5t+ ! ,ar*itecture z solid4 ,y h jo9tly 9 ,a1 ! two ,designs ( a ,tab]nacle1 :i* are to be drawn sep>ately2 ! same ,net-"w s]v+ = bo?1 :i* is also m>k'd ) ,numb]s4 ,:5 y h !re=e resolv'd on ! ,size ( y\r ,"w1 on ! ,pavem5t ( "s ,room capaci\s en\gh make a ,net-"w answ]able1 & affix !reto ! ,numb]s1 z 9 y\r ,copy3 ,by ! ,help ( :i*1 y may on ! ,pavem5t describe ! ,out-l9e ( all ^? ,memb]s t are requisite to ! out] ,frame ( ! ,tab]nacle4 ,?is be+ done1 let ! ,frame be laid exactly 9 its place on ! said ,pavem5t1 & ) a black ,l9e /rike !reon ! same ,net-"w2 add+ z _m visual ,l9es z y please1 :i* w be ( ,use = draw+ ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 :5 y come to pa9t ! ,frames asund]4 ,ano!r ,net-"w on ! ,pavem5t is also necess>y = ! inn] ,face ( ! ,tab]nacle1 :i* %\ld be> su* ,proportion to ?is1 z ! ,divisions ( ! ,l9e ,,il d to ^? ( ,,ef 9 ! ,sixty-fir/ ,figure2 & by ?is means ! ,out-l9es ( ! inn] ,frame1 c4 may be drawn1 z has be5 %ewn already4 ,?us ! ,out-l9e ( ! inn] ,face c't be describ'd1 )\t rubb+ out ! fir/ ,net-"w1 & mak+ a second on ! ,pavem5t2 :i* w\ld be v tr\blesom4 ,:]e=e1 f ! ,plan ( ! ,fifty-n9? ,figure1 take ! two ,designs1 & transf] ! ,l9e ,,pc ( ! ,sixty-fir/ ,figure on ! out] ,face1 & ! ,l9e ,,bc on ! inn] ,face4 ,!n if ,,pc 7 divid$ into fifte5 equal ,p>ts1 ,,bc %all be divid$ 9 ! same mann]1 & by ^! ,divisions make ! ,net-"w on ea* ,design4 ,& al?\gh ! ,squ>es ( ! out] ,face be l>g] ?an ^? ( ! inn] "o1 ! same ,net-"w may nev]!less s]ve = giv+ ! ,out-l9e ( bo?4 ,:at has be5 said ( ^! two ,designs1 may be und]/ood ( _m4 ,= ,in/ance2 if five ,ranges ( ,frames 7 requir'd1 five ,designs mu/ be made 9 ,pap]4 ,if 9 all ! ,designs ! same ,net-"w be u'd1 !n five sev]al ,net-works mu/ be made on ! ,pavem5t2 b if ! ,designs h five diff]5t1 !n "o ,net-"w on ! ,pavem5t w suffice4 ,y mu/ be v c>eful t all ! ,squ>es ( ! ,net-"w be exactly divid$1 & at "r ,angles4 ,! ready way ( mak+ a "r ,angle is ?us3 ,plac+ "o ,foot ( ! ,compasses 9 ! ,po9t ,f ( ! ,l9e ,,ef1 & ! o!r at pleasure 9 ,o1 describe ! ,circle ,,gfi2 & f ! ,po9t ,g draw ! ,diamet] ,,gi4 ,! ,l9e ,,fh drawn by ! ,po9ts ,,fi1 %all be p]p5dicul> to ,,fe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxiii4 ,,figura ,sexagesimat]tia4 ,ve/igia dificii quadrati4 ,ve/igium geometricum ,a hujus dificii habet 9 ,b suam de=mationem4 ,discrim5 int] pilas ,c ,d oritur ex eo1 qud 9 ,c posita s9t ve/igia /ylobat>um1 9 ,d autem posita s9t ve/igia coronicum4 ,! ,sixty-?ird ,,figure4 ,! ,plan ( a squ>e ,design4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( ?is ,design ,a1 is br\ght into ,p]spective 9 ,b4 ,! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,p>ts ,c & ,d arises f h5ce1 t ! ,plan ( ! ,p$e/als is plac'd 9 ,c1 & t ( ! ,cornice 9 ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxiv4 ,,figura ,sexagesimaqu>ta4 dificium quadratum4 ,ex de=matione ve/igii elevationis1 me?odo consuet eruitur imago totius dificii1 qu pote/ esse exempl> ar maxim alicujus ,ecclesi4 ,hanc ma*9am1 non s9e communi approbatione1 aliquoties adhibui1 9 app>atu quadrag9ta hor>um2 locum 9 m$io vacuum occupantibus ,angelis cum nubibus1 addit figur>um aliquot copi 9 p>te inf]iori4 ,modus faci5di 9 tel>iis remotioribus ab oculo p>tem ?oli rotundi quam hic vides1 d$ucitur ex iis qu tradidimus 9 projectione circulorum4 ,! ,sixty-f\r? ,,figure4 ,a squ>e ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,f ! ,plan & ,upright 9 ,p]spective1 ?is f9i%'d ,piece ( ! :ole ,"w is del9eat$ aft] ! usual ,mann]1 & may s]ve = ! ,design ( a great ,alt> 9 a ,*ur*4 ,i h sometimes1 = ! ,solemnity ( ! ,=ty ,h\rs1 expos'd ?is pa9t$ on a ,ma*9e1 ) an univ]sal ,satisfaction2 ,angels ) ,cl\ds possess+ ! high] "p ( ! ,hemisph]e )91 & ,gr\ps ( ,figures ! l[] "p4 ,! ,mann] ( design+ on ! inn] ,frame1 t "p ( ! said ,cupola :i* y "h see1 is d$uc'd f :at has be5 be=e said ( putt+ ,circles into ,p]spective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxv4 ,,figura ,sexagesimaqu9ta4 ,ve/igium dificii rotundi optic imm9utum4 ,qui s$ulam op]am 9 circulis de=m&is non posu]9t1 eosque m9imo negotio ex usu describ]e nequiv]9t1 fru/ra conabuntur projic]e ve/igia dificiorum rotundorum4 ,ad vit&am confusionem1 prod]it 9 ve/igio not>e primm l9eas occultas membrorum prcipuorum2 iisque translatis 9 elevationem1 add]e s5sim reliquas4 ,hac indu/ri ego ipse 9 hoc s*emate usus sum4 ,quum autem exp]im5to didic]im summam arduitatem h>um descriptionum1 aliam regulam adhib]e jamdiu cpi1 quam1 ut supr diximus1 9 aliud ,opus res]vamus4 ,! ,sixty-fif? ,,figure4 ,! ,plan ( a ,circul> ,"w 9 ,p]spective4 ,!y t h n dilig5tly apply'd !mselves to ! putt+ ,circles into ,p]spective1 &1 by a con/ant ,practice1 r5d]'d ! ,"w famili> to !m1 w 9 va9 attempt t ( ! ,plans ( r\nd ,build+s4 ,to prev5t ,confusion1 y'll d well1 fir/ to m>k ! occult ,l9es ( ! pr9cipal ,memb]s2 & aft] ^? are transf]r'd into ! ,upright1 !n proce$ to ! re/1 z ,i myself did 9 ?is ,figure4 ,b hav+ f\nd by ,exp]i5ce1 ! great ,difficulty ( describ+ ^! r\nd ?+s1 ,i h long s9ce made use ( ano!r ,me?od1 :i*1 z ,i said be=e1 is res]v'd = ano!r ,volume4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxvi4 ,,figura ,sexagesimasexta4 ,projectio dificii rotundi4 ,mirifice oculis imponunt imag9es r]um rotund>um1 si omnibus resectis qu ad eas non p]t95t1 exact del9eat ac depict fu]9t4 ,hanc figuram ex ve/igio eru]e oportebit me?odo consuet1 eamque 9 ,templo ,s4 ,ignatii ,collegii ,romani con/ruxi pro f]i ,v ,,vi ,hebdomad sanctioris4 ,intra arcum1 sup] alt>i1 locus erat urn sepulcrali1 cum ,v5]abili ,sacram5to4 ,sub alt>i visebatur simulacrum ,*ri/i ,dom9i ,cruce depositi3 9 m$io column>um1 imago ,beat ,virg9is dol5tis2 sup] balau/iis ,angeli lug5tes1 cum in/rum5tis cruciatuum ,salvatoris4 ,! ,sixty-six? ,,figure4 ,a ,circul> ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,appe>ance ( r\nd ?+s1 if well design'd1 ma/]ly pa9t$1 & ! ,frame cut away to ! ,out-l9e ( ! ,"w1 d wond]fully deceive ! ,eye4 ,?is ,figure is drawn f ! ,plan1 z usual2 & 0 put 9 execution by me1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ignatius ( ! ,roman ,college1 = ! ,?ursday & ,friday ( ! ,holy ,week4 ,)9 ! ,ar*1 on ! ,alt>1 0 plac'd a sepul*ral ,urn conta9+ ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,b5ea? ! ,alt> 0 laid a ,figure ( our ,savi\r ,*ri/ tak5 d[n f ! ,cross4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ,tamb\r1 0 a ,picture ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 9 extreme ,sorr[2 & on ! ,ballu/rade1 ,angels m\rn+1 be>+ ! ,in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxvii4 ,,figura ,sexagesimaseptima4 ,ve/igium geometricum1 ac prima prp>atio ad figuram septuagesimamprimam4 ,egregiam ade speciem prsetulit1 atque oculis ade imposuit ma*9a quam con/ruxi anno #afhe1 pro supplicatione quadrag9ta hor>um1 9 ,templo ,urbis ,f>nesiano1 ut decrev]im satisfac]e ,/udiosis1 publici juris faci5do non mod imag9em totius dificii1 s$ etiam illius ve/igia elevationes3 qu omnia e dilig5ti del9eavimus1 veluti ,opus ipsum non p5nicillo color&um1 s$ lapidibus extru5dum fuisset4 ,spatia nigrantia soliditatem designant p>ietum column>um4 ,ct] l9e sunt crepid9es /ylobat>um coronicum4 ,initium del9eationis fiet ab iis membris1 ex quibus oriuntur l9e occult posit 9 ,a1 7qu autem dicuntur de hac m$ietate1 intelligi deb5t de ali7 ne multitudo l9e>um confusionem p>iat4 ,9 ,b l9e curv occult sunt ve/igium ?oli qui complet summitatem dificii4 ,ve/igium ,c exhibet ambulacrum int]ius4 ,omisimus autem ve/igium !atri1 quia pag9 angu/ia illud non capit4 ,! ,sixty-sev5? ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan1 & fir/ ,prep>ation to ! ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,! ,ma*9e :i* ,i erect$ 9 ! ,ye> #afhe1 9 ! ,*ur* ,f>neze1 or ,jesuits ,*ur* at ,rome1 = ! ,devotions ( ! ,=ty ,h\rs2 _h s admirable an ,effect1 & s pleasantly deceiv'd ! ,eye1 t ,i resolv'd to gratify ! ,/udi\s1 n only ) a g5]al ,view1 b ) ! ,plan & ,elevation !re(2 all :i* 0 p]=m'd ) su* ,exactness1 t ! ,"w itself seem'd r to consi/ ( solid ,/ones1 ?an to be wr\ght by ! ,pa9t]'s ,h&4 ,! hat*'d ,"p d5otes ! ,solidity ( ! ,walls & ,columns4 ,! o!r %ews ! ,breaks & ,projectures ( ! ,p$e/als & ,cornices4 ,le/ _m ,l9es %\ld cause ,confusion1 beg9 ) ^? ,memb]s1 :i* produce ! occult ,l9es on ! ,side ,a2 und]/&+ ! same also ( ! o!r half4 ,9 ,b ! occult curv'd ,l9es are ! ,plan ( ! ,cupola :i* cr[ns ?is ,/ructure4 ,! ,plan ,c is t ( ! inn] ,ve/ibule1 b t ( ! ,!at] is "h omitt$1 ?r\gh ,want ( ,room 9 ! ,page4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxviii4 ,,figura ,sexagesimaoctava4 ,elevatio geometrica ve/igii prc$5tis1 secunda prp>atio ad figuram septuagesimamprimam4 ,9 hoc s*emate habes elevationem dificii sectam 9 longum1 quam figur septuagesim optic projiciemus3 eisdemque membris con/>e videbis elevationem de=matam1 quibus con/at elevatio geometrica4 ,h9c disces ad excogit&as hujusmodi ma*9as1 e&em ,ar*itectur sci5tiam 9 ,pictore necess>iam esse1 qu ad con/ru5da solida dificia exigitur 9 ,ar*itecto4 ,! ,sixty-eigh? ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! =ego+ ,plan1 & second ,prep>ation to ! ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,9 ?is ,figure y h ! ,elevation ( ! a=esaid ,/ructure dissect$ l5g?wise2 ! ,p]spective !re( is describ'd 9 ! ,sev5tie? ,figure2 & y may obs]ve t bo? ( !m consi/ ( ! same ,memb]s3 :5ce y may p]ceive1 t = design+ ?+s ( ?is k9d1 ! ,pa9t] ought to h no less ,skill 9 ,ar*itecture1 ?an is requir'd = ! ,execution ( solid ,works4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxix4 ,,figura ,sexagesimanona4 ,de=matio ve/igii figur sexagesimseptim1 prp>atio t]tia ad figuram septuagesimamprimam4 ,artificium projectionis ve/igii hujus1 explicatum nobis e/ figur quadragesimasecund4 ,nimirum1 ut p>allel s9t invicem di/antiores1 l9eam plani deorsum protraximus1 ut ex intuitu figur /atim cognosces4 ,! ,sixty-n9? ,,figure4 ,! ,plan ( ! ,sixty-sev5? ,figure 9 ,p]spective1 & ?ird ,prep>ation to ! ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,! ,artifice u'd 9 project+ ! ,p]spective ( ?is ,plan1 has be5 already %ewn 9 ! ,=ty-second ,figure2 namely1 t = giv+ ! great] ,di/ance betwe5 ! ,p>allels1 ! ,gr\nd-l9e is drawn mu* l[] ?an its true ,place2 z is manife/ on ,inspection ( ! ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxx4 ,,figura ,,septuagesima4 ,de=matio elevationis figur sexagesimoctav1 prp>atio qu>ta ad figuram septuagesimamprimam4 ,qu dicta sunt de projectione ve/igii no/ri dificii1 hab5t locum 9 elevatione4 ,nimirum1 ut p>allel invicem notabilit] di/>5t1 usi sumus indu/ri quam decl>avimus figur quadragesimasecund4 ,! ,sev5tie? ,,figure4 ,! ,p]spective ( ! ,elevation ( ! ,sixty-eigh? ,figure1 & ! f\r? ,prep>ation to ! ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! ,p]spective-,plan ( ?is ,/ructure1 is also "h practis'd 9 ! ,elevation2 namely1 t ! ,p>allels might be suffici5tly di/9ct1 ! ,p]p5dicul>s are drawn m remote f ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 z 0 %ewn 9 ! ,=ty-second ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxi4 ,,figura ,septuagesimaprima4 ,!atrum reprs5tans ,nuptias ,c ,galil1 con/ructum ,rom1 anno #afhe4 9 expositione ,v54 ,sacram5ti 9 ,templo ,f>nesiano ,societatis ,,jesu4 ,ex antec$5tibus prp>ationibus eruimus projectionem nobilis hujus ,ar*itectur1 qu oculos implebat tum ad lucem solis diurnam1 tum prcipu ad lum5 c&el>um2 ex quibus mult palam erant exposit1 ali omn9o latebant1 ut illum9>5t sex div]sos ord9es tel>iorum quibus tota ma*9a con/abat1 non comput&o 9 hoc num]o tel>ia1 qu 9 m$io arcs maximi exprimebant nubes ref]tas ,angelis adorantibus ,v5]abile ,sacram5tum4 ,nubes i/as omisimus1 ne abscond]5tur p>tes int]iorum dificiorum4 ,9 dispon5dis autem ord9ibus tel>iorum1 s]vatus e/ modus quem decl>avi figur sexagesimaprima sexagesimasecunda2 ac prt]ea 9 elig5da eorum di/antia curatum fuit1 ut c&el 9 p>te po/ica tel>iorum collocat1 illum9>5t faciem tel>iorum int]iorum4 ,porr quot membra prcipua 9 duabus faciebus majoribus1 totidem di/9cta tel>ia num]abantur1 quorum pro9de connexiones disc]ni vix pot]ant2 eorumque aliquot p>ia f]reis hamulis copulata erant1 ut explic>i ac replic>i poss5t1 ad faciliorem tractationem diuturnioremque cons]vationem4 ,qui hucusque sequuti me fu]9t1 nihil dubito qu9 suum it] felicissim s9t prosequuturi2 atque ,op]a 8 no/ris majora melioraque inv5turi4 ,! ,sev5ty-fir/ ,,figure4 ,a ,!at] repres5t+ ! ,m>riage ( ,cana 9 ,galilee1 erect$ 9 ! ,jesuits ,*ur* at ,rome1 9 ! ,ye> #afhe2 = ! ,solemnity ( expos+ ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,f ! =ego+ ,prep>ations1 is drawn ! ,p]spective ( ?is noble ,piece ( ,ar*itecture2 :i* /ruck ! ,eye :5 se5 by ,day-light1 b 0 m especially surpriz+ by ,c&le-light2 _m ( ! ,c&les be+ expos'd to ,sight1 & o!rs altoge!r hidd51 to illum9ate ! six diff]5t ,ranges ( ,sc5es1 ( :i* ! :ole ,"w consi/$1 )\t reckon+ t 9 ! mid/ ( ! great ,ar*1 repres5t+ ,cl\ds fill'd ) ,angels ador+ ! bless$ ,sacram5t4 ,^? ,cl\ds are "h omitt$1 t ! inn] ,p>ts ( ! ,"w might be ! bett] se54 ,9 dispos+ ! sev]al ,ranges ( ,sc5es1 ! same ,me?od 0 obs]v'd1 :i* 0 deliv]'d 9 ! ,sixty-fir/ & ,sixty-second ,figures2 & great ,c>e 0 also tak5 9 _! ,di/ances1 t ! ,c&les plac'd on ! ,back ( "o ( !m might illum9ate ! ,face ( ! o!r beh9d x4 ,moreov]1 ea* ,sc5e consi/$ ( z _m p>ts1 z !re 7 pr9cipal ,memb]s 9 ! two great] ,faades2 s t ! ,jo9ts 7 sc>cely disc]nible3 & "s ,pairs ( !m be+ c\pl'd ) ,h+es1 fold$ & unfold$1 = ! m easy manag+ & pres]v+ !m4 ,i d\bt n b ^? :o h foll['d me ?us f>1 w be enc\rag'd s to prosecute _! ,/udies1 z to be able to design ev5 great] & m noble ,works1 ?an ^! ( m9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxii4 ,,figura ,septuagesimasecunda4 ,de !atris sc5icis4 ,!atris qu jam del9eavimus aff9ia sunt !atra sc5ica3 9 8 tam5 non ade facil rep]itur punctum oculi seu p]spectiv4 ,prt]ea1 quia ex obliquitate canalium intra quos mov5tur sc51 oritur ut l9e rect qu vid]i deb5t p>allel ad l9eam plani1 non debeant esse p>allel s$ obliqu1 h>um del9eatio difficultate non c>et4 ,incommodum i/ud vit>i posset adhib5do canales p>allelos ad posc5ium1 ut alicubi fi]i solet1 prs]tim 9 ,g]mani4 ,nihilom9us usus ,italicus aff]t hoc adjum5tum1 ut illi quibus incumbit sugg]]e actoribus1 vel sc5as mov]e1 aliisque similibus presse1 facilius lateant lib]ius fungantur mun]e suo4 ,ut brevem summam habeas eorum qu de9de latius decl>aturi sumus1 hanc figuram contempl>e4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 e/ ve/igium aul qu habet 9 longitud9e c5tumvig9ti palmos ,romanos1 9 latitud9e sexag9ta palmos2 ut o/5dit scala ,s trig9ta palmorum4 ,m$ietatem loci occupat !atrum1 m$ietatem obt95t podia loca spectatorum4 ,o punctum 9 quo uniuntur l9e visuales1 ,d locus pro app>5tiis r]um magis ac magis di/antium4 ,,bc locus posc5ii4 ,,hh sunt canales obliqui1 quorum latitudo e/ dupla latitud9is sc5>um4 ,,fg frons facies !atri4 ,,ao ejus pr(unditas aut longitudo4 ,e locus pro psaltibus1 tibic9ibus1 fi/ulatoribus4 ,k spatium pro spectatoribus4 ,i ve/igium podiorum4 ,l scal podiorum4 ,n ipsorum elevatio4 ,m declivitas tabulati1 cum sectione elevatione !atri1 sc5is ex lat]e inspectis1 qu cum suis canalibus congruunt1 ut demon/rant l9e occult4 ,,oo l9ea normalis ad l9eam horizontalem4 ,p ,q elevatio sc5>um coram inspect>um1 qu introrsum flectuntur2 9 latitud9e congruunt cum canalibus ve/igii ,b1 9 altitud9e cum sectionibus elevationis ,m2 ut con/at ex l9eis occultis4 ,9 edem elevatione ,m p>s altitud9is tribu5da e/ sc5is1 p>s laque>ibus ,r1 p] qu jungitur unumquodque p> tel>iorum4 ,,vv l9e ad explor&um an detur vacuum int] sc5as laque>ia1 vel int] sc5as1 vel int] laque>ia4 ,9 quibusdam autem sc5is1 loco laque>ium p+untur nubes a]4 ,! ,sev5ty-second ,,figure4 ,( ,sc5es = ! ,/age4 ,sc5es = ! ,/age h v mu* ,aff9ity ) ^? lately describ'd1 b ! ,po9t ( ,sight is n s easily f\nd 9 ^!2 & f ! ,obliquity ( ! ,grooves 9 :i* ! ,sc5es run1 x comes to pass1 t ! "r ,l9es :i* ought to appe> p>allel to ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 mu/ n be drawn p>allel !reto1 b oblique2 :i* is a ,"w ( "s ,difficulty4 ,?is inde$ may be avoid$1 by fix+ ! ,grooves p>allel to ! ,posc5e2 z is usual 9 "s ,places1 especially 9 ,g]many4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,italian ,mann] has ?is ,advantage2 ,t ^? :o are employ'd to prompt ! ,actors1 & %ift ! ,sc5es1 c4 are less expos'd to ,sight1 9 ! ,p]=mance ( _! ,bus9ess4 ,9 ?is ,figure ,i h giv5 y an ,abridgm5t ( ^? ?+s1 :i* %all h]eaft] be m enl>g'd on4 ,! ,numb]s #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 d5ote ! ,area ( a ,hall an hundr$ & tw5ty ,roman ,palms 9 ,l5g?1 & sixty 9 ,bread?2 z is manife/ f ! ,scale ( ?irty ,palms m>k'd ,s4 ,half ?is ,space is tak5 up by ! ,/age1 ! o!r half by ! ,spectators4 ,o is ! ,po9t 9 :i* ! visual ,l9es conc5t]4 ,d is ! ,place ( ^? ?+s t are to appe> mo/ remote4 ,,bc is ! ,place ( ! ,posc5e4 ,,hh are ! oblique ,grooves1 ^: ,l5g?s are d\ble ! ,bread? ( ! ,sc5es4 ,,fg is ! ,front ( ! ,/age4 ,,ao is its ,dep? or ,l5g?4 ,e is ! ,place = ! ,musick4 ,k is ! ,room = ,spectators4 ,i is ! ,plan ( ! ,gall]ies4 ,l ! ,/airs to ! same4 ,n is ! ,elevation ( ! ,gall]ies4 ,m %ews ! ,declivity ( ! ,floor1 ) ! ,section & ,elevation ( ! ,/age & ,sc5es view'd on ! ,side2 answ]+ _! respective ,grooves1 z ! occult ,l9es demon/rate4 ,,oo is a ,l9e p]p5dicul> to t ( ! ,horizon4 ,p & ,q are ! ,elevation ( ! ,sc5es view'd 9 ,front1 turn+ inw>ds1 9 ,bread? agree+ ) ! ,l5g? ( ! ,grooves ( ! ,plan ,b2 & 9 ,height answ]+ t ( ! ,sections ( ! ,elevation ,m2 z is evid5t f ! occult ,l9es4 ,9 ?is ,pr(ile ,m1 "p ( ! ,height belongs to ! ,sc5es1 & "p to _! ,s(fites1 or ,ceil+s1 ,r2 :]e ea* ,pair ( ^! ,frames are jo9'd4 ,,vv are ! ,l9es by :i* is espy'd :at ,vacancy !re is ei!r betwe5 ! ,sc5es & _! ,ceil+s1 betwe5 ! ,sc5es !mselves1 or betwe5 _! respective ,ceil+s2 ?\gh 9 "s ,sc5es ! ,place ( ^! la/ is supply'd by pa9t+ !re9 ! ,air ) ,cl\ds1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 lxxiii4 ,,figura ,septuagesimat]tia4 ,aliud ve/igium !atri1 ubi de modo inv5i5di ejus punctum4 ,si p+5d s9t sc5 !atri alicujus antea con/ructi1 del9e>e oportebit ve/igium geometricum ex ipso erutum1 7ad =mam ve/igii quod c]nis 9 hac pag97 ut inv5iatur longitudo !atri1 seu di/antia quam ejus punctum habet puncto ,a3 id autem nullo negotio fiet1 accipi5do di/antias ,,bc int] primos canales1 ,,de int] ultimos1 ac duc5do visuales ,,mo1 ,,no3 nam !atrum habebit longitud9em ,,ao1 ac punctum p]spectiv 9 ve/igio !atri erit ,o4 ,prt]ea scire oportebit longitud9em latitud9em canalium1 eorumque num]um1 di/antias1 flexus2 ac prcipu cur&um e/1 ut licet s9t obliqui ad l9eam ,,mn1 s9t invicem p>alleli 9 unoquoque lat]e1 ac s+uli tangant l9eas ,,mo1 ,,no4 ,jam si rect ,,ao fiat qualis recta ,,fa1 9 ,f erit punctum di/anti3 adeoque si !atrum juxta me?odum nobis trad5dam depictum fu]it1 spectatori qui consi/at 9 ,f app>ebit veluti tabula picta juxta leges p]spectiv1 posita 9 ,a4 ,! ,sev5ty-?ird ,,figure4 ,ano!r ,plan ( a ,!at]1 ) ! ,me?od ( f9d+ ! ,po9t ( ,sight !re94 ,if x be requir'd to pa9t ! ,sc5es ( "s ,!at] already built1 ! ,geometrical ,plan !re( mu/ fir/ be c>efully drawn1 7z y see1 = ,example1 9 ?is ,plate7 t ! ,l5g? ( ! ,!at] may be f\nd2 or ! ,di/ance ( its ,po9t f t ( ,a2 :i* is easily done1 by tak+ ! ,int]val ,,bc ( ! fir/ ,grooves1 & ,,de ( ! latt]2 & draw+ ! ,visuals ,,mo1 ,,no3 = ,,ao is ! ,l5g? ( ! ,!at]1 & ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 or ,p]spective1 !re91 is ,o4 ,moreov] ! ,l5g? & ,bread? ( ! ,grooves mu/ be kn[n1 z also _! ,numb]s1 ,di/ance1 & ,obliquity2 & especial ,c>e mu/ be tak51 t ?\gh !y be oblique to ! ,l9e ,,mn1 t on ea* ,side !y be ,p>allels betwe5 !mselves1 & t !y all t\* ! ,l9es ,,mo1 ,,no4 ,if y !n make ,,ao equal to ,,fa1 ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance w be ,f2 & if ! ,!at] be pa9t$ accord+ to ! ,rules h]eaft] giv51 x w appe> to him t views x f ,f1 z a regul> ,piece ( ,p]spective plac'd 9 ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxiv4 ,figura ,septuages4 qu>ta4 ,sectio ,sc5>um ,!atri4 ,prt] ve/igium ,!atri del9e&a e/ sectio sc5>um4 ,itaque si acceptis m5suris altitud9is1 quam punctum ,a unde incipit tabulatum1 ac punctum ,d posc5ii1 hab5t supra planum horizontale ,,fv1 fiant ex p]p5diculo ,,nv tum recta ,,ado ex qua innotescit declivitas tabulati1 tum recta ,,no1 qu sit p>allela ad ,,fv qualis rect ,,ao figur septuagesimt]ti2 punctum !atri 9 elevatione e/ ,o2 9 posc5io v] punctum !atri e/ ,q4 ,si maxima sc5>um altitudo sit ,,eb1 recta ,,oe dat altitud9em omnium reliqu>um4 ,v]a tam5 altitudo cujuslibet sc5 e/ illa quam habet l9ea major1 ex m9ori autem dignoscitur quantum obliquitas cujusque sc5 app>5t] m9uat altitud9em extrem illius l9e4 ,porro excessus quo l9ea major sup]at m9orem tum 9 summo tum 9 imo1 dilig5t] not&us e/1 h9c enim p5det intellig5tia figur septuagesimqu9t4 ,punctum ,m quod e/ remotum ab ,n quantum 9 figura septuagesimat]tia punctum ,f e/ remotum ab ,a1 designat locum unde ,!atrum spect>i oporteat1 ut ibidem notavimus4 ,9 con/ru5do tabulato solet s]v>i hc regula1 ut altitudo puncti ,o sit qualis altitud9i oculi1 elevatio ex ,a usque ad ,d sit nona circit] vel decima p>s ipsius longitud9is ,,ad4 ,exp$iret autem ad sc5as facilius mov5das1 pavim5tum ,f esse pr(undius pavim5to ,g1 ut erecto corpore sub tabulato ambul>i possit4 ,sev5ty-f\r? ,figure4 ,! ,section or ,pr(ile ( ,sc5es = ,!at]s4 ,besides ! ,plan ( ! ,!at]1 ! ,section ( ! ,sc5es is also to be del9eat$1 = f9d+ ! ,po9t ( ! ,!at] 9 ! ,elevation4 ,:]e=e1 sett+ ! ,measures ( ! ,heights :i* ! ,po9t ,a1 :]e ! ,floor ( ! ,/age beg9s1 & ! ,po9t ,d ( ! ,posc5e1 h above ! ,level ( ! ,horizontal ,,fv2 f ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,nv draw ! "r ,l9e ,,ado1 :i* gives ! ,declivity ( ! ,/age2 !n make ,,no p>allel to ,,fv1 & equal to ,,ao ( ! ,sev5ty-?ird ,figure3 ,! ,po9t ( ! ,!at] 9 ,elevation is ,o2 ! ,po9t ( ! same on ! ,posc5e is ,q4 ,if ,,eb be ! greate/ ,height ( ! fir/ ,sc5e1 ! ,l9e ,,oe det]m9es ! ,height ( all ! o!rs4 ,! longe/ ( ! two ,l9es gives ! true ,height ( ea* ,sc5e2 & ! %ort] discov]s h[ mu* ( t ,height ! ,sight loses on ! ,out-l9e1 by ! oblique ,position ( ! ,sc5es4 ,moreov]1 ! ,excess ( ! long] ,l9e above ! %ort]1 z well at top z at bottom1 is to be well obs]v'd2 = on ?is dep5ds ! "r ,und]/&+ ( ! ,sev5ty-fif? ,figure4 ,! ,po9t ,m1 :i* is z f> di/ant f ,n1 z t ( ,f is f ,a 9 ! ,sev5ty-?ird ,figure1 d5otes ! ,place f :5ce ! ,/age ought to be view'd2 z is !re m5tion'd4 ,9 lay+ ! ,floor ( ! ,/age1 ?is ,rule is commonly obs]v'd1 ,t ! ,height ( ! ,po9t ,o be made equal to ! ,height ( ! ,eye1 & t ! ,rise ( ! ,floor f ,a to ,d1 be ab\t a ,n9? or ,t5? ,"p ( ! ,l5g? ,,ad4 ',tis also requisite1 = ! bett] %ift+ ! ,sc5es1 t ! ,pavem5t ,f be sunk l[] ?an t ( ,g1 t a ,man may walk upright "u ! ,floor !re(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxv4 ,,figura ,septuagesimaqu9ta4 ,elevatio sc5>um coram inspect>um3 ubi docetur artificium ut sc5 obliqu app>eant rect4 ,sc5 quas vides 9 ,s1 hab5t suam latitud9em ve/igio figur septuagesimt]ti1 altitud9em ab elevatione figur septuagesimqu>t1 ac c5s5tur erect canalibus ins]t1 qu omnia reprs5tantur etiam figur septuagesimasecunda 9 ,p ,q4 ,velim obs]ves quantum elevetur tabulatum 9 pr9cipio ,a1 9 posc5io ,d1 9 puncto !atri ,o4 ,similit] not>e oportet elevationem s+ul>um sc5>um1 qu propt] obliquitatem canalium flectuntur introrsum3 iccirco l9e ,,bl1 ,,ki1 p>tis ,c1 non vid5tur p>allel ad l9eam plani1 ut reipsa sunt2 ac visualis ,,lf non t5dit ad punctum oculi ,o1 s$ ad punctum ,f4 ,si autem excessus app>5s1 quem recta ,,bk habet 9 summo imo supra rectam ,,li transf]atur 9 p>tem ,e sc5>um1 7iidem excessus desumi etiam possunt ex figura septuagesimaqu>ta7 ac ducantur rect ,,lg1 ,,ih1 habebuntur l9e app>5t] p>allel ad l9eam plani4 ,si fiat recta ,,lo1 qu cum ,,lg faciat angulum ,,glo qualem angulo ,,blf1 eadem ,,lo t5det exactissim ad punctum ,o oculi1 eque ut5dum erit ut visuali4 ,9 ,p supponimus sc5as ,m ,n jac]e sup] pavim5to unas sup] aliis1 ac duas l9eas ,,rt hab]e di/antiam e&em cum duabus ,,li1 ita 9 reliquis sc5is4 ,ubi not&um e/1 l9eas ,,rs1 ,,tv1 easdem esse cum l9eis ,,lg1 ,,ih1 sc5>um ,e3 nihilom9us l9eas ,,rs1 ,,tv1 non esse p>allelas1 quum tam5 ,,lg1 ,,ih1 videantur p>allel4 ,pro9de1 si fiat recta ,,rl1 anguli ,,srl1 ,,glo1 s9t quales1 rect ,,rl ut5dum erit tanquam visuali1 9 ,l erit punctum accid5tale oculi pro p+5dis sc5is ,n1 ac l9e ,,rs1 ,,tv1 habebuntur ut p>allel3 id autem quod sup]e/ 9 tel>io ultra tales l9eas1 pro nihilo computabitur1 ibique p+etur a] aut aliquid aliud4 ,punctum accid5tale oculi pro p+5dis sc5is ,m erit 9 ,i4 ,! ,sev5ty-fif? ,,figure4 ,! ,elevation ( ,sc5es 9 ,front1 & h[ ! oblique ,sc5es are made to appe> direct4 ,! ,sc5es 9 ,s h _! ,bread? f ! ,plan ( ! ,sev5ty-?ird ,figure1 & _! ,height f ! ,elevation ( ! ,sev5ty-f\r? ,figure2 & are suppos'd to /& p]p5dicul>ly 9 _! ,grooves2 all :i* is also repres5t$ 9 ,p & ,q ( ! ,sev5ty-second ,figure4 ,i w\ld h y obs]ve1 h[ mu* ! ,floor rises1 f its ,edge ,a1 to ! ,posc5e ,d1 & to ! ,po9t ( ! ,!at] ,o4 ,y %\ld also note ! ,elevation ( ea* ,sc5e1 :i*1 by reason ( ! ,obliquity ( ! ,grooves1 turn inw>d3 ,:]e=e ! ,l9es ,,bl1 ,,ki1 ( ! ,"p ,c1 d n seem ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 z !y really are2 & ! ,visual ,,lf t5ds n to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 b to ! ,po9t ,f4 ,b if ! seem+ ,excess1 :i* ! ,l9e ,,bk has at top & at bottom1 above ! ,l9e ,,li1 be transf]r'd on ! ,side ( ! ,sc5es ,e1 7:i* ,excess may also be tak5 f ! ,sev5ty-f\r? ,figure7 & y draw ! ,l9es ,,lg1 ,,ih2 ^! ,l9es w appe> ,p>allels to ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan4 ,!n draw+ ! ,l9e ,,lo1 s z to make ! ,angle ,,glo equal to ! ,angle ,,blf1 ! said ,,lo %all t5d directly to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o2 & s]ve = a visual ,l9e4 ,9 ,p1 ,i suppose ! ,sc5es ,m & ,n to lie "o ^u ano!r on ! ,floor1 & ! two ,l9es ,,rt to h ! same ,di/ance z ! ,l9es ,,li2 & s ( ! o!rs4 ,:]e y are to take ,notice1 t ! ,l9es ,,rs1 ,,tv1 are ! same ) ! ,l9es ,,lg1 ,,ih1 ( ! ,sc5es ,e3 & t ! ,l9es ,,rs1 ,,tv1 are n ,p>allels2 al?o' ,,lg1 ,,ih1 seem to be s4 ,!re=e1 if y draw ! ,l9e ,,rl1 s t ! ,angles ,,srl1 & ,,glo1 be equal2 ! ,l9e ,,rl %all s]ve z a ,visual1 & ,l %all be ! accid5tal ,po9t ( ,sight1 = pa9t+ ! ,sc5es ( ! ,side ,n2 & ! ,l9es ,,rs1 ,,tv1 %all be u'd z ,p>allels4 ,:at rema9s on ! ,frame1 beyond ^? ,l9es1 is to be reckon'd z no?+2 b y may pa9t !re ,air1 or :at y please4 ,! accid5tal ,po9t ( ,sight = pa9t+ ! ,sc5es ( ! ,side ,m1 is ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxvi4 ,,figura ,septuagesimasexta4 ,modus del9e&i exempl> sc5>um4 ,it]um del9eavimus sc5as erectas sup] tabulato2 9 ,b nudas1 9 ,a depictas1 additis projecturis coronicum aliorum ornam5torum4 ,de=matio sc5>um ,a eruitur me?odo consuet ex ve/igio ,c1 9 quo videbis l9eam plani deorsum protractam4 ,ve/igium autem geometricum e/ 9 ,d4 ,! ,sev5ty-six? ,,figure4 ,! ,mann] ( del9eat+ ! ,designs ( ,sc5es4 ,9 ?is ,plate y h ano!r ,design ( ,sc5es erect$ on ! ,floor2 ! nak$ ,sc5es are ,b2 ! pa9t$ ones ,a2 ) ! additional ,projectures ( ,cornices & o!r ,ornam5ts4 ,! ,draught ( ! ,sc5es ,a is produc'd f ! ,plan ,c1 aft] ! usual ,mann]2 9 :i* y may obs]ve ! ,gr\nd-l9e to be l[] ?an its true place1 = ! great] ,di/9ction ( ! ,p>allels4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan is ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxvii4 ,,figura ,septuagesimaseptima4 ,modus reticul&i p+5di sc5as !atri4 ,po/quam 9 pavim5to exactissim disposu]is tum posc5ium1 tum ex ord9e sc5as reliquas1 unam alt]i incumb5tem1 ut figur septuagesimaqu9t decl>avimus1 fiet l9ea horizontalis1 9 qua not&a sunt tria puncta p]spectiv1 unum 9 ,o usui futurum 9 p+5do posc5io1 ac duo reliqua h9c inde1 s+ula videlicet pro sc5is p>tis opposit4 ,jam suppon5do qud 9 p>vo exempl>i ,a prim sc5 facta fu]it reticulatio p] quadrata p]fecta2 proportionalis divisio fiet tum 9 recta ,,hi prim sc5 ,b1 tum 9 recta ,,cd4 ,po/ea ex puncto ,e1 p] s+ula puncta divisionum rect ,,hi1 fi5t visuales1 adhib5do funiculum colore nigro imbutum2 e>umque ope1 ut figura o/5dit1 reticul>e oportebit sc5am ,b1 tum remot ea sc5am illi subjectam1 eodem modo aliam aliam2 ac demum p] divisiones quas 9 recta ,,lm faciunt visuales ex puncto ,e1 absolvetur reticulatio posc5ii1 cujus quadrata esse deb5t p]fecta1 secus quadrata sc5>um4 ,9 p>te inf]iori pag91 du sc5 ,g ,f o/5dunt ornam5ta qu 9 sc5is dep+i possunt4 ,velim autem obs]ves1 tum l9eas transv]sas coronicum1 qu non sunt invicem p>allel1 tum visuales1 qu t5dunt ad puncta opposita4 ,nam ejusmodi l9e cont95t duas peculi>es difficultates projectionum !atralium2 easque ut sup]es1 exact s]v& sunt regul quas decl>avimus4 ,! ,sev5ty-sev5? ,,figure4 ,! ,mann] ( mak+ ! ,net-"w or ,squ>es1 & pa9t+ ! ,sc5es ( ,!at]s4 ,aft] y h ) great ,exactness dispos'd ! ,posc5e on ! ,pavem5t1 & ! o!rs 9 ord] "o ^u ano!r1 z 0 m5tion'd 9 ! ,sev5ty-fif? ,figure2 draw ! horizontal ,l9e1 & m>k !re9 ?ree ,po9ts ( ,sight3 ,t 9 ,o1 = ! ,use ( ! ,posc5e2 & ! ,po9ts on ! ,sides1 = ! ,s]vice ( ! opposite ,sc5es respectively4 ,!n1 suppos+ t ! ,net-"w ( ! small ,draught ( ! fir/ ,sc5e ,a1 consi/s ( p]fect ,squ>es2 transport ! same ,divisions bo? on ! ,l9es ,,hi & ,,cd ( ! fir/ ,sc5e ,b2 & ) a black ,l9e /rike ! ,visuals f ! ,po9t ,e1 by ! ,po9ts ( ! ,divisions ( ,,hi2 & by ! ,help ( ^? ,visuals make ! ,net-"w ( ! ,sc5e ,b1 z is done 9 ! ,figure4 ,:5 t's done1 lay x aside2 & d ! next 9 ! same mann]2 & s ( ! o!rs4 ,la/ly1 by ! ,divisions1 :i* ! ,visuals f ! ,po9t ,e make on ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,lm1 f9i% ! ,net-"w on ! ,posc5e1 :i* consi/s ( p]fect ,squ>es1 ?\gh t ( ! ,sc5es does n4 ,! two ,sc5es ( ! l[] "p ( ! ,plate1 ,g & ,f1 %ew :at ,div]sity ( ,ornam5t ! ,pa9t] may introduce4 ,i w\ld h y also take p>ticul> ,notice1 bo? ( ! transv]se ,l9es ( ! ,cornice1 :i* are n ,p>allels to ea* o!r2 & ( ! ,visuals :i* are direct$ to _! opposite ,po9ts3 because 9 ^! two ,p>ticul>s lies ! greate/ ,difficulty ( describ+ ,!atrical ,designs2 = ! surm\nt+ :i*1 x's absolutely necess>y1 t y c>efully reg>d ! ,rules hi!rto deliv]'d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxviii4 ,,figura ,septuagesimaoctava4 ,de projectionibus horizontalibus4 ,quemadmodum facilior e/ de=matio column>um jac5tium1 qum column>um erect>um2 7nam l9e qu 9 i/is sunt p]p5dicul>es1 9 illis sunt visuales1 ac nullus circulus amittit suam =mam7 ita projectiones horizontales1 quas 9 laque>ibus del9e>e necesse e/1 contra qum ,pictores imag9antur1 exp$itiores faciliores sunt v]ticalibus1 quas hucusque tractavimus4 ,nam ut /ylobat column app>eant erect1 p+5d sunt veluti jac5tes4 ,de=mationes horizontales auspicamur mutulis1 quia column ac /ylobat id5tidem iis imponuntur1 ut magis 9 prospectu s9t4 ,ob div]sitatem v] quam habet latus mutuli sua facie1 utriusque del9eationem geometricam seorsim 9 hac figura exhibemus4 ,! ,sev5ty-eigh? ,,figure4 ,( horizontal ,p]spective4 ,z x is easi] to describe 9 ,p]spective ,columns ly+ on ! gr\nd1 ?an ^? t are erect1 7! ,l9es 9 ^! la/ be+ ,p]p5dicul>s1 :i* 9 ! =m] are ,visuals1 :]e9 no ,circle loses its ,=m7 s ! horizontal ,projections ( ,p]spective1 prop] = ,ceil+s1 contr>y to ! ,judgm5t ,pa9t]s usually make1 are p]=m'd ) m ,ease & ,exp$ition1 ?an ! v]tical1 :i* we h hi!rto treat$ (2 =asmu* z ! ,p$e/als & ,columns t mu/ appe> erect1 are pa9t$ z if ly+ on ! gr\nd4 ,i h u%]'d 9 ^! horizontal ,designs ) ^? ( ,corbels1 because1 = sett+ ! ,p$e/als & ,columns m 9 ,view1 !y g5]ally seem to be support$ by !m4 ,& ! ,side ( ?is ,corbel be+ diff]5t f its ,face1 ,i h "h ins]t$ a ,geometrical ,description ( ea* di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxix4 ,,figura ,septuagesimanona4 ,projectiones ve/igii elevationis mutuli4 ,facies mutuli quam del9eavimus figur septuagesimaoctav1 g]it hic munus ve/igii2 latus v] g]it munus elevationis2 ut o/5dunt l9e occult1 qu ex divisionibus faciei t5dunt ad punctum oculi1 ex divisionibus lat]is t5dunt ad punctum di/anti 7puncta oculi ac di/anti 9 hac sequ5tibus figuris cadunt extra pag9am47 ,p] sectiones h>um l9e>um ducuntur l9e qu t]m9ant s+ulas p>tes ve/igii de=mati2 hujusque adjum5to ducitur elevatio lat]is1 ac me?odo consuet latitud9es longitud9es mutuli solidi eruuntur ex ve/igio1 altitud9es ex elevatione4 ,hic de9ceps nom9a longitud9is altitud9is usurpamus1 veluti planum cujuslibet p]spectiv esset v]ticale2 9 qu suppositione1 ,,il esset latitudo mutuli1 ,,sr altitudo1 ,,rl longitudo3 quum ,,sr rev] sit longitudo1 ,,rl altitudo4 ,ad faciliorem descriptionem hujus figur obs]v&um e/1 rectis ,,il1 ,,lm1 ,,gh1 hujus pag9 inesse divisiones rect>um ,,dc1 ,,fe1 ,,ab1 figur septuagesimoctav4 ,! ,sev5ty-n9? ,,figure4 ,! ,plan & ,elevation ( a ,corbel 9 ,p]spective4 ,! ,face ( ! ,corbel describ'd 9 ! ,sev5ty-eigh? ,figure1 9 ?is does ! ,(fice ( a ,plan2 & ! ,side s]ves "h = ! ,elevation2 z is pla9 f ! occult ,l9es1 :i* f ! ,divisions ( ! ,face t5d to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 & f ^? ( ! ,side t5d to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance2 bo? :i* ,po9ts1 9 ?is & ! succe$+ ,figure1 fall )\t ! ,plate4 ,f ! ,int]sections ( ^! ,l9es are drawn o!rs1 t det]m9e ea* ,"p ( ! ,p]spective-,plan2 by means ( :i*1 ! ,elevation ( ! ,side be+ also =m'd1 ! ,bread?s & ,l5g?s ( ! solid ,corbel are tak51 z usual1 f ! ,plan1 & ! ,heights f ! ,elevation4 ,"h & h5ce=w>d1 ! ,t]ms ( ,l5g? & ,height are made use (1 z ?\gh ! ,plan ( ea* ,p]spective 7 v]tical2 accord+ to :i* ,supposition1 ,,il is ! ,bread? ( ! ,corbel1 ,,sr ! ,height1 & ,,rl ! ,l5g?2 :]eas 9 reality ,,sr is ! ,l5g?1 & ,,rl ! ,height4 ,= ! m ready ,description ( ?is ,figure y w d well to obs]ve1 t ! ,l9es ,,il1 ,,lm1 ,,gh1 ( ?is ,plate1 be> ! same ,divisions z ,,dc1 ,,fe1 ,,ab1 ( ! ,sev5ty-eigh? ,figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxx4 ,,figura ,,octogesima4 ,horizontalis projectio mutuli inumbrati4 ,9 hac figur suas umbras mutulo addidimus3 eumque si 9 altum supra oculum elevav]is1 ex di/anti quam ipsi d$imus suspex]is2 mirab]is pr(ect1 9 alium long conc9niorem subit mutatum fuisse4 ,! ,,eightie? ,,figure4 ,! ,horizontal ,projection ( a %ad$ ,corbel4 ,9 ?is ,figure y h ! ,corbel f9i%'d ) its prop] ,%ades2 :i*1 if plac'd above ! ,eye1 & beheld f ! ,di/ance "h assign'd x2 y'll be /rangely surpriz'd at ! sudd5 & mo/ agreeable ,alt]ation y'll f9d !re94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxi4 ,figura ,octogesimaprima4 ,/ylobat ,cor9?ii horizontalit] contracti4 ,9 de=m&is hisce /ylobatis1 usi sumus projectione ve/igii elevationis1 quam exhibet figura duodecima2 ut figuram illam cum i/ conf]5ti manife/issim con/abit4 ,porr /ylobatas p+i sol]e incumb5tes mutulis1 diximus figur septuagesimaoctav4 ,! ,eighty-fir/ ,figure4 ,cor9?ian ,p$e/als 9 an ,horizontal ,p]spective4 ,9 del9eat+ ^! ,p$e/als1 ,i h made use ( ! ,plan & ,upright put into ,p]spective 9 ! ,twelf? ,figure2 z w evid5tly appe>1 by comp>+ t ,figure ) ?is4 ,i h already m5tion'd1 9 ! ,sev5ty-eigh? ,figure1 t 9 pa9t+ ^! ,p$e/als1 !y are g5]ally suppos'd to be upheld by ,corbels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxii4 ,figura ,octoges4 secunda4 ,columna ,cor9?ia horizontalit] de=mata4 ,ve/igium elevatio /ylobat1 quem del9eavimus figur duodecim1 supp$itat m5suras pil>um hoc loco de=m&>um1 ut ex iis eruatur contractio column4 ,huic autem soli suas umbras addidimus1 ut cl>is app>eat modus artificium totius op]ationis4 ,ex 8 vides1 quadrata circulos 9 p]spectiv horizontali omn9 ret9]e suam figuram1 eamque dumtaxat re/r+i paulatim co>ct>i3 quicquid 9 contr>ium v]bis p5nicillo docu]9t ,pictores nonnulli4 ,eighty-second ,,figure4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,column 9 ,horizontal ,p]spective4 ,! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! ,p$e/al del9eat$ 9 ! ,twelf? ,figure1 gives also ! ,measures = r$uc+ ^! ,pila/]s into ,p]spective2 f :i* ! ,contraction ( ! ,column is tak54 ,i h %ad['d only ?is la/1 t ! ,mann] ( ! :ole ,"w might be ! m conspicu\s4 ,by ?is y see ! ,squ>es & ,circles 9 ,horizontal ,p]spective always reta9 _! ,figures1 )\t any ,alt]ation1 save t ( be+ gradually dim9i%'d & made less2 not)/&+ :at "s ,pa9t]s h taught & practis'd to ! contr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,figura ,octogesimat]tia4 ,capitella ,cor9?ia horizontalit] contracta4 ,habes 9 hac pag9 de=mationes ve/igii elevationis capitelli ,cor9?ii1 quas desumpsimus ex del9eationibus geometricis1 transf]5do m5suras e>um 9 l9eas plani ,,ab1 elevationis ,,ac1 ita ut facillim dignosci possit unde nascantur s+ul p>tes capitellorum nitidorum4 ,nihil dubito qu9 de=mationes horizontales sis exp]turus faciliores v]ticalibus quas d$imus figur vigesimaqu>t4 ,nam 9 horizontalibus gyrus foliorum circulis clauditur1 quorum c5tra mutuantur latitud9es suis ve/igiis 9 punctis #a1 #b1 #c1 #d2 altitud9es v] capitellis elevationis 9 punctis #e1 #f1 #g1 #h4 ,eighty-?ird ,,figure4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,capital horizontally contract$ 9 ,p]spective4 ,y h 9 ?is ,plate ! ,p]spective bo? ( ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! ,cor9?ian ,capital1 drawn f ! ,geometrical ,descriptions1 by transf]r+ _! ,measures into ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,,ab1 & into t ( ! ,elevation ,,ac2 s t y may readily discov] f :5ce e "p ( ! f9i%'d ,capital is produc'd4 ,i don't d\bt b y'll exp]i5ce ^! horizontal ,p]spectives to be mu* less difficult ?an ! v]tical propos'd 9 ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,figure4 ,= 9 ^! ! ,circuit ( ! ,leaves is det]m9'd by p]fect ,circles1 ^: ,c5t]s take _! ,bread?s f ! ,plan at ! ,po9ts #a1 #b1 #c1 #d2 & _! ,heights f ! ,capitals ( ! ,elevation1 at ! ,po9ts #e1 #f1 #g1 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxiv4 ,figura ,octogesimaqu>ta4 ,coronix ,cor9?ia4 ,si faci5d s9t coronices qu habeant angulos1 elevatio geometrica ,a reprs5tabit unum latus1 alt]um sectio ,b4 ,cur&um e/ autem1 ut crepid9es p>tium1 quas f+]e volumus incumb]e columnis1 non obs9t conc9n di/ributioni mutulorum4 ,ad contractionem elevationis ,a sectionis ,b1 9 l9eam plani ,,ef elevationis ,,eg transf]re oportet puncta div]s>um latitud9um1 quas hab5t 9 elevatione ,a ungues epi/ylii1 zophori1 coron1 duc5do ex iis l9eas ad punctum oculi2 9 p>tem v] ,,fh l9e ,,fe transf]re oportet puncta longitud9is1 duc5do l9eas ad punctum di/anti4 ,hac indu/ri p]ficies utramque de=mationem1 qu>um una g]et munus ve/igii1 alt]a elevationis4 ,utrobique autem designabis l9eas t]m9ativas p>tium coronicis1 ac sectionum ,c ,d4 ,eighty-f\r? ,,figure4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,cornice4 ,if y are to describe ,cornices hav+ ,angles1 admit ! ,elevation ,a to repres5t "o ,side1 & ! ,section ,b ! o!r4 ,b ,c>e is to be tak51 t ! ,breaks ( ^? ,p>ts :i* are suppos'd to be set directly ov] ! ,columns1 d n ob/ruct ! regul> ,di/ribution ( ! ,modillions4 ,= contract+ into ,p]spective ! ,elevation ,a1 & ! ,section ,b1 y mu/ transf] into ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,,ef1 & into t ( ! ,elevation ,,eg1 ! ,po9ts ( ! sev]al ,bread?s made by ! ,projectures ( ! ,ar*itrave1 ,freeze1 & ,cornice ( ! ,elevation ,a2 & f !m draw ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,sight3 ,!n on ! ,"p ,,fh ( ! ,l9e ,,fe1 y mu/ note ! ,po9ts ( ,l5g?1 & draw ,l9es f !m to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance4 ,by ?is ,practice y complete ^! two ,contractions1 "o ( :i* does ! ,(fice ( a ,plan1 ! o!r t ( an ,elevation4 ,x's also requisite1 t y draw ! ,out-l9e ( ! ,memb]s ( ! ,cornice on ea* side ! ,angle1 ! ,sections ,c & ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxv4 ,figura ,octogesimaqu9ta4 ,coronix ,cor9?ia horizontalit] contracta4 ,soliditas coronicis cum omnibus projecturis eruta e/ ex ve/igio elevatione figur octogesimqu>t4 ,hic autem f9em imponimus p>tibus r]um1 ad integra dificia gradum facturi4 ,! ,eighty-fif? ,figure4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,cornice 9 ,horizontal ,p]spective4 ,! ,solidity ( ?is ,cornice1 ) all its ,projectures1 is d$uc'd f ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ! =ego+ ,figure4 ,) ?is !re=e ,i %all conclude ! ,description ( ,p>ts ( ?+s1 & proce$ to t ( entire ,/ructures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxvi4 ,figura ,octogesimasexta4 ,horizontalis projectio column4 ,po/quam sigillatim descripsimus mutulum1 /ylobatam1 columnam coronicem1 omnia i/a conjung]e placuit3 ita cl>is app>ebit quomodo dispon]e oporteat del9eationes geometricas1 ut ex iis eruantur projectiones horizontales4 ,l9ea plani e/ ,,cd1 p]p5dicul>is ,,ci4 ,9 ,a e/ elevatio geometrica longitud9is column1 7supponimus columnam del9e>i veluti jac5tem humi47 ,9 ,b ejus ve/igium geometricum1 cum divisionibus latitud9is 9 l9e ,,er4 ,puncta longitud9is transf]5tur 9 l9eam plani ,,cg1 puncta altitud9is ,,ec transf]5tur 9 ,,cf1 duc5do rectas ex divisionibus ,,cg ad punctum di/anti1 ex divisionibus ,,cf ad punctum oculi4 ,p] sectiones v] visualis ,,co erig5tur p]p5dicula1 complebitur elevatio ,h1 ex qu eruetur columna nitida ,l4 ,si sup] ve/igio ,m =m>e placeat aliam columnam1 ejus latitud9es accipi5d sunt ex columna ,b2 ac sectio projici5da e/ 9 ,n1 ut ex hac tamquam ex elevatione eruatur columna ,p4 ,si aliam columnam 9 angulo add]e libitum fu]it1 ope sectionum ,,hn facil illam complebis4 ,! ,eighty-six? ,figure4 ,a ,column 9 horizontal ,p]spective4 ,aft] ! sep>ate ,description ( a ,corbel1 ,p$e/al1 ,column1 & ,cornice2 ,i h "h conjo9'd !m all1 t y might ! bett] p]ceive h[ to dispose ,geometrical ,elevations = ! ,bus9ess ( horizontal ,p]spective4 ,! ,l9e ( ! ,plan is ,,cd1 ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,ci2 ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,l5g? ( ! ,column1 suppos'd to be ly+ on ! ,gr\nd1 is ,a4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan !re( is ,b1 ) ! ,divisions ( its ,bread? on ! ,l9e ,,er4 ,! ,po9ts ( ,l5g? be+ transf]r'd on ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan ,,cg1 & ! ,po9ts ( ,height ,,ec into ,,cf2 f ! ,divisions ( ,,cg ,l9es are drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance2 & f ^? ( ,,cf to ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,f ! ,sections ( ! ,visual ,,co1 ,p]p5dicul>s are erect$1 & ! ,elevation ,h complet$1 f :5ce is tak5 ! f9i%'d ,column ,l4 ,if ^u ! ,plan ,m y w\ld del9eate ano!r ,column1 ! ,bread?s !re( mu/ be tak5 f ! ,column ,b1 & ano!r ,pr(ile design'd 9 ,n1 :i* s]ves z an ,elevation = mak+ ! ,column ,p4 ,if ano!r ,column 7 requir'd 9 ! ,angle1 ! ,pr(iles ,,hn assi/ y 9 ! ready ,p]=mance !re(4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 lxxxvii4 ,,figura ,octogesimaseptima4 ,prp>atio necess>ia ad sequ5tem figuram1 ad projectiones horizontales 9 laque>ibus vel te/ud9ibus4 ,exhibet hc figura 9 ,,aa unum ex quatuor p>ietibus aul1 cujus altitud9em v]am ,,ih velis attoll]e app>5t] usque 9 ,l1 p+5do 9 laque>i1 vel 9 te/ud9e1 s]iem balau/iorum4 ,9 ,b e/ ve/igium geometricum qu>t p>tis laque>is4 ,9 ,c habetur elevatio m$ietatis latitud9is4 ,9 ,d e/ sectio coronicis mutulorum4 ,9 ,e posita e/ elevatio m$ietatis longitud9is4 ,9 ,f e/ punctum oculi1 9 ,g punctum di/anti3 adeque tota di/antia e/ ,,gf4 ,! ,eighty-sev5? ,,figure4 ,! ,prep>ation necess>y to ! foll[+ ,figure1 & to all o!r horizontal ,p]spectives1 :e!r on flat or vault$ ,ceil+s4 ,! ,figure ,,aa repres5ts "o ( ! f\r ,walls ( a ,hall1 ^: true ,height ,,ih y w\ld h appe> rais'd to ,l1 by pa9t+ a ,ballu/rade 9 ! ,ceil+ !re(4 ,b is ! ,geometrical ,plan ( ! f\r? "p ( ! said ,ceil+2 ,c is ! ,elevation ( half ! ,bread?2 ,d is ! ,section ( ! ,cornice & ,corbels2 ,e is ! ,elevation ( half ! ,l5g?4 ,9 ,f is ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 9 ,g ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance2 s t ! ,di/ance itself is ,,fg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,figura ,octogesimaoctava4 ,horizontalis projectio balau/iorum figur octogesimseptim1 cum brevi di/antia4 ,cl>itatis grati totum laque> divisum e/ 9 quatuor p>tes4 ,prima cont9et contractionem ve/igii elevationis1 qu p]ficiuntur me?odo consueta4 ,nam l9ea ,,aov e/ horizontalis1 ,,bc e/ l9ea plani4 ,punctum oculi e/ ,o1 di/anti ,e4 ,secunda p>s cont9et sectionem ,l1 qu dat projecturas mutulorum ali>umque p>tium1 desum5das ex sectione ,d figur octogesimseptim1 de=m&o eam 9 angulis ,b ,c4 ,t]tia p>s complectitur del9eationem integram s9e umbris3 ultima p>s e&em complectitur cum umbris4 ,ob punctum di/anti p>um remotum puncto oculi1 nimiam amplitud9em ac de=mem app>5tiam hab]e videtur hc del9eatio4 ,nihilom9us1 si ex di/antia ,,eo figuram suspex]is1 omnis de=mitas evanescet4 ,ut fucus imp]itis fiat1 indu/rii ,pictoris int]e/ p>>e sibi gem9um exempl> suorum ,op]um1 9 quibus di/antia sit nimis brevis2 unum videlicet palam o/5d5dum1 9 quo punctum di/anti sit remotum puncto oculi1 quantum necesse e/ ad vit&am omnem de=mitatem4 ,alt]um v]1 9 ipsomet ,op]e clam usurp&um4 ,si p+5d s9t te/ud9es1 oportet prius fac]e 9 eis reticulationem peculi>em2 qu quia difficilis e/1 paucis explic>i nequit1 9 aliud ,opus res]vatur4 ,eighty-eigh? ,figure4 ,! horizontal ,projection ( ! ,ballu/rade ( ! ,eighty-sev5? ,figure1 view'd at a small ,di/ance4 ,= ! bett] ,illu/ration ( ?is ,figure1 ,i h divid$ ! :ole ,ceil+ into ,f\r ,p>ts4 ,! fir/ conta9s ! ,plan & ,elevation 9 ,p]spective1 aft] ! usual mann]2 ,,aov be+ ! horizontal ,l9e1 ,,bc t ( ! ,plan2 ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 & t ( ,di/ance ,e4 ,! second ,"p conta9s ! ,section ,l1 :i* gives ! ,projectures ( ! ,corbels & o!r ,p>ts tak5 f ! ,section ,d ( ! ,eighty-sev5? ,figure1 by draw+ x 9 ! ,angles ,b & ,c4 ,! ?ird ,"p compreh5ds ! ,del9eation ( ! ,p]spective )\t ,%ad[s4 ,! f\r? ,"p conta9s ! same :olly %ad['d & f9i%'d4 ,?r\gh ! ne> ,approa* ( ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 y may p]haps imag9e ?is ,draught w appe> too wide1 & s h an ill ,effect3 ,b :5 once y view x f its due ,di/ance ,,eo1 y w f9d all su* ,d\bts vani% & come to no?+4 ,:5 y h to deal ) ,p]sons unskill'd 9 ^! ?+s1 & are to pa9t = s small a ,di/ance2 y\r be/ way is to make two ,draughts2 "o = publick ,%ew1 9 :i* y may place ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance s f> f ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 z is necess>y = prev5t+ ,de=mity2 & ! o!r y may privately make use ( 9 p]=m+ y\r ,"w4 ,if y are to pa9t ar*'d or vault$ ,ceil+s1 a p>ticul> k9d ( ,net or ,lattice-"w mu/ fir/ be made !re92 ! ,p]=mance :]e( be+ difficult1 & n capable ( be+ expla9'd 9 few words1 ,i h res]v'd x = ano!r ,volume4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,lxxxix4 ,figura ,octogesimanona4 ,horizontalis projectio ar*itectur 9 laque>i quadrato4 ,si laque> sit quadratum1 valde di/ans ab oculo1 ar*itecturam huic similem 9 eo dep+]e licebit4 ,a e/ elevatio geometrica2 eadem v] de=mata 9 ,b ,c1 g]it munus ve/igii elevationis4 ,m$ietas unius ex quatuor p>tibus1 usui esse pote/ 9 toto op]e1 aut prem5do *>tam1 aut e p]=at1 immitt5do p] =am9a c>bonem m9utissim contusum4 ,eighty-n9? ,,figure4 ,an horizontal ,projection ( ,ar*itecture 9 a squ>e ,ceil+4 ,if ! ,ceil+ be squ>e1 & v remote f ! ,eye1 y may pa9t 9 x "s su* ,piece ( ,ar*itecture z ?is4 ,a is ! geometrical ,elevation2 ! same r$uc'd into ,p]spective 9 ,b & ,c does ! ,(fice ( a ,plan & ,elevation4 ,! ,half ( "o ( ! f\r ,p>ts may suffice = ! ,draught ( ! :ole ,"w1 ei!r by trac+ ov] ! ,l9es ( ! ,pap]1 or by prick+ small ,holes !re91 & p\nc+ !m ?r\gh ) ,*>cole f9ely p[d]'d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xc4 ,,figura ,nonagesima4 ,horizontalis projectio ?oli4 ,initium hujus rei fiet ve/igio geometrico1 9 quo du s]ies circulorum designant columnas2 ali l9e designant /ylobatas1 ac projecturas ungues basium coronicum4 ,l9ea plani e/ ,,ab1 horizontalis ,,cd1 p]p5dicul>is ,,ad4 ,punctum oculi e/ ,o1 di/anti ,d2 adeque figura hc debet hab]e supra oculum altitud9em ,,d4 ,punctum oculi positum fuit extra ipsum ?olum1 ut qui eum aspiciunt1 m9us defatig5tur1 ac plus app>eat de ar*itectura de artificio2 secus v] cont+]et si punctum oculi esset 9 m$io4 ,itaque puncta l9e ,,ef transf]5tur 9 p>tem ,,ag l9e ,,ad4 ,c5trum ,i ve/igii transf]etur 9 ,h ex omnibus 8 punctis fi5t visuales ad ,o4 ,de9de altitud9e ?oli1 ac divisionibus p>tium s+ul>um tum ipsius1 tum lat]n1 translatis 9 l9eam ,,ab1 ex punctis divisionum fi5t rect ad punctum di/anti ,d4 ,ubi autem h secant visualem ,,ao1 erig5tur p]p5dicula1 quorum sectiones cum visuali ,,ho dabunt c5tra pro s+ulis circulis4 ,int] visuales ,,ag duc]e oportet l9eas t]m9ativas column>um coronicum2 quemadmodum fi]et1 si ex ve/igio eruta fuisset elevatio geometrica4 ,8 positis1 aggr$i]is del9eationem opticam ipsius ?oli1 translatis 9 p]p5dicul>em ,,eo c5tris ope p>allel>um ,,hi1 ,,ln2 ac semidiametro ,,lm fiet circulus ,,np pro sim coronicis3 semidiametro ,,/ fiet circulus ,,qr1 sic de reliquis4 ,quomodo autem p] rectas ex angulis ve/igii ad punctum oculi1 habeantur ungues coronicis1 o/5dunt num]i #a1 #b1 #c1 #d2 l9e v] lat]ales unguium t5dunt ad c5tra suorum circulorum1 ut vid]e e/ 9 ,n #c1 #d4 ,9 ve/igio1 ne nimium occupetur1 mutulos omisimus4 ,ex 8 patet necessitas faci5di ve/igium geometricum totius ?oli1 ac non suffic]e ve/igium unius column2 quum s+ul peculi>es exigant de=mationes4 ,quum autem ,opus ipsum del9e&um ac p+5dum fu]it1 ipsum desum]e non pot]is ex p>vo exempl>i1 ope reticulationis2 ,qu9imo suis locis duc]e oportebit l9eas visuales1 inv5ire c5tra omnium circulorum4 ,fig5do autem funiculum 9 s+ulis c5tris1 ipsius adjum5to facillim absolves omnes circumf]5tias4 ,! ,n9etie? ,figure4 ,a ,cupola 9 horizontal ,p]spective4 ,9 ! ,execution ( ?is ,"w1 y are to beg9 ) ! ,geometrical ,plan2 9 :i* ! two ,ranges ( ,circles d5ote ! ,columns1 ! o!r ,l9es %ew ! ,p$e/als1 ) ! ,projectures & ,breaks ( ! ,bases & ,cornices4 ,! ,l9e ( ! ,plan is ,,ab1 t ( ! ,horizon ,,cd1 ! p]p5dicul> ,l9e is ,,ad4 ,! ,po9t ( ,sight is ,o1 t ( ,di/ance ,d2 :]e=e ?is ,figure ought to be plac'd z mu* above ! ,eye1 z ! ,height ,,d4 ,i h set ! ,po9t ( ,sight some?+ )\t ! ,cupola1 t ! ,eye might be less we>y'd 9 view+ ! ,"w1 & embrace m ( ! ,ar*itecture1 ?an x c\ld h done1 _h ! ,po9t ( ,sight be5 9 ! mid/4 ,! ,po9ts ( ! ,l9e ,,ef are transf]r'd into ,,ag1 "p ( ! ,l9e ,,ad4 ,! ,c5t] ( ! ,plan ,i is cont9u'd to ,h1 & f all ^! ,po9ts visual ,l9es are drawn to ,o4 ,!n plac+ ! ,heights ( e "p bo? ( ! ,cupola & ,lant]n on ! ,l9e ,,ab1 f ! ,po9ts ( ^? ,divisions draw ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,d2 & :]e !y cut ! ,visual ,,ao1 erect ,p]p5dicul>s int]sect+ ! ,l9e ,,ho2 :i* ,po9ts are ! ,c5t]s ( ! sev]al ,circles4 ,on ! ,visuals1 betwe5 ,,ag1 mu/ be describ'd ! ,out-l9es ( ! ,columns & ,cornices1 9 l mann] z :5 a ,geometrical ,upright is rais'd f a ,plan4 ,?is done1 y proce$ to ! ,del9eation ( ! ,cupola itself 9 ,p]spective1 by transf]r+ into ! ,p]p5dicul> ,,eo ! sev]al ,c5t]s ( ,,ho1 by ,p>allels to ,,hi1 z ,,ln1 c4 ,on ! ,c5t]1 ) ! ,int]val ,,lm1 describe ! ,circle ,,np1 = ! ,nose ( ! ,cornice2 & ) ! ,semidiamet] ,,/ describe ! ,circle ,,qr1 & s ( ! re/4 ,! ,numb]s #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 %ew h[ ! ,breaks ( ! ,cornice are det]m9'd by ,l9es f ! ,angles ( ! ,geometrical ,plan t5d+ to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 till !y int]sect ! ,circle3 ,! ,returns ( :i* ,breaks are made by ,l9es t5d+ to ! ,c5t]s ( _! respective ,circles2 z is pla9 f ,n #c1 & ,n #d4 ,9 ?is ,plan ,i h omitt$ ! ,corbels1 le/ ,i %\ld too mu* encumb] ! ,"w4 ,h5ce appe>s ! ,necessity ( mak+ ! ,geometrical ,plan ( ! :ole ,cupola1 ! ,plan ( a s+le ,column n be+ suffici5t2 by reason ea* requires its p>ticul> ,del9eation4 ,& :5 ! ,"w itself is to be drawn = pa9t+1 y c't well take x f a small ,draught by way ( ,net-"w or ,squ>es1 b ! visual ,l9es %\ld be drawn 9 _! prop] places1 & ! sev]al ,c5t]s f\nd2 9 :i*1 by fix+ ,/r+s1 y may readily describe ! ,circumf]5ces ( all ! ,circles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xci4 ,figura ,nonagesimaprima4 ,?olus figur nonagesim1 cum lum9ibus umbris4 ,?olus quem vides 9 hac pag91 pollicetur sibi vitam diuturniorem illo1 quem sup] tel>io plano insignis amplitud9is1 dep9xi anno #afhe4 9 ,templo ,s4 ,ignatii ,collegii ,romani4 ,pro9de si casus aliquis illum absumat1 non de]unt qui ex i/o eundem 9 melius reficiant4 ,mirati fu]unt ,ar*itecti nonnulli1 qud columnas ant]iores mutulis imposu]im1 id enim 9 solidis dificiis ipsi non fac]5t4 ,v]m eos metu omni lib]avit amicissimus mihi ,pictor1 ac pro me spopondit1 damnum omne se /atim rep>aturum1 si fatisc5tibus mutulis1 columnas 9 prceps ru]e cont+at4 ,! ,n9ety-fir/ ,figure4 ,! ,cupola ( ! ,n9etie? ,figure1 ) its ,lights & ,%ades4 ,! ,cupola 9 ?is ,plate w 9 all ,likelihood be ( long] ,duration1 ?an t :i* ,i pa9t$ on a v l>ge ,table1 = ! flat ,ceil+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ignatius ( ! ,roman ,college1 anno #afhe4 ,= if t suff] by any ,accid5t1 ) ! help ( ?is its place may be supply'd by a bett]4 ,"s ,ar*itects dislik'd my sett+ ! advanc'd ,columns ^u ,corbels1 z be+ a ?+ n practis'd 9 solid ,/ructures2 b a c]ta9 ,pa9t]1 a ,fri5d ( m9e1 remov'd all _! ,scruples1 by answ]+ = me1 ,t if at any "t ! ,corbels %\ld be s mu* sur*>g'd ) ! ,weight ( ! ,columns1 z to endang] _! ,fall1 he 0 ready to repair ! ,damage at 8 own ,co/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xcii4 ,figura ,nonages4 secunda4 ,?olus octangul>is4 ,ex circulo fiet octagonum1 accipi5do m$ietatem quadrantis circuli1 ut habeantur s+ula lat]a octagoni4 ,9 eisdem lat]ibus di/ribuetur ve/igium geometricum totius ar*itectur1 cum projecturis omnium membrorum1 juxta modum quem s]vavimus 9 limbo circul>i figur nonagesim4 ,utilit] etiam fi]et elevatio geometrica totius ,op]is2 quamvis ob spatii angu/ias ego eam omis]im4 ,de9de posit una cuspide circ9i 9 c5tro circuli1 ext5detur alia cuspis ad altitud9em s+ul>um projectur>um int] spatium ,a ,b1 ut hic vides3 atque ope p>allel>um1 omnia transf]5tur 9 l9eam ,,cd1 ut fiat optica de=matio1 quam poscit sectio elevationis1 cum aliis prp>ationibus1 ut 9 figura prc$5ti4 ,nam hic quoque ope circulorum inv5ire oportet puncta extrema 9 prom95tiis membrorum s+ulorum ar*itectur3 ut conjung5do puncta p] l9eas rectas1 qu =m5t facies octagoni1 compleatur totum ,opus4 ,n9ety-second ,figure4 ,an ,octangul> ,cupola4 ,f ! ,circle describe ! ,octagon1 by tak+ half ! ,quadrant ( ! =m] = ea* ,side ( ! latt]4 ,on ^! ,sides ! ,geometrical ,plan ( ! :ole ,ar*itecture is to be dispos'd1 ) ! ,projectures ( all ! ,memb]s !re(1 9 ! same mann] z 0 done 9 ! circul> ,bord] ( ! ,n9etie? ,figure4 ,x w also be exp$i5t1 to make ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! :ole ,"w1 ?o' ?ro' ,want ( ,room ,i h "h omitt$ x4 ,!n plac+ "o ,po9t ( ! ,compasses 9 ! ,c5t] ( ! ,circle1 ext5d ! o!r to ! ,height ( ! sev]al ,projectures betwe5 ,a & ,b1 z y see 9 ! ,figure2 & by help ( ! ,p>allels transf] !m all into ! ,l9e ,,cd1 = putt+ ! ,pr(ile ( ! ,upright into ,p]spective1 & draw+ ! o!r ,requisites1 z 9 ! =ego+ ,figure4 ,= "h also1 by means ( ! ,circles1 are f\nd ! extreme ,po9ts ( ! ,projectures ( ! sev]al ,memb]s ( ! ,ar*itecture2 & by conjo9+ ^! ,po9ts ) /rait ,l9es agreeable to ! ,%ape ( ! ,octagon1 ! :ole ,"w is complet$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xciii4 ,,figura ,nonagesimat]tia4 ,ve/igium templi ,ludovisiani ,s4 ,ignatii alm urbis4 ,con/itu]am huic ,libro f9em impon]e figur nonagesimasecunda2 nihilom9us ut satisfaciam precibus amicorum1 cupi5tium addisc]e modum reticulationis optic1 qu adhibetur 9 sup]ficiebus irregul>ibus1 ejusque mem9i figur octogesima octava1 publici juris fac]e decrevi ejus con/ru5d me?odum4 ,ipsiusmet retis ope del9eavi non solm dificium mox reprs5t&um1 s$ etiam figuras omnes te/ud9is templi ,ludovisiani1 9 qua p+5da nunc occupor4 ,eademque reticulatione1 qu erit ultima figura hujus ,libri1 dabimus ,op]i no/ro suum complem5tum2 quum nulla sit sup]ficies1 9 qua suas del9eationes juxta ,p]spectiv regulas1 e>um r]um ,/udiosi absolv]e nequeant4 ,exhibet hc figura ve/igium totius templi4 ,quamvis enim non indigeam nisi te/ud9e int] januam maximam ?olum2 prod]it nihilom9us ,ar*itectur ,/udiosis1 univ]si ,op]is elegantiam ac symmetriam p] otium contempl>i4 ,! ,n9ety-?ird ,,figure4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ignatius at ,rome4 ,i _h once det]m9'd to end ?is ,book ) ! ,n9ety-second ,figure2 b at ! ,reque/ ( "s ,fri5ds1 :o 7 desir\s to le>n ! ,mak+ ( ,p]spective ,net-"w = irregul> ,surfaces1 z 0 h9t$ 9 ! ,eighty-eigh? ,figure2 ,i resolv'd to publi% ! ,mann] ( p]=m+ ! same4 ,by ! ,help ( ?is ,net-"w1 ,i del9eat$ n only ! ,ar*itecture n[ to be treat$ (2 b also ea* ,figure 9 ! ,vault ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ignatius1 :i* ,i am at pres5t employ'd 9 pa9t+4 ,! ,me?od is laid d[n 9 ! la/ ,figure ( ?is ,book1 & entirely completes ! same2 !re be+ no ,sup]ficies1 h[ irregul> soev]1 b ! ,/udi\s may !reon describe1 by ^! ,rules1 :atev] ,p]spective he has occasion =4 ,?is ,figure conta9s ! ,plan ( ! :ole ,*ur*2 = ?\gh my pres5t ,design requir'd no m ?an ! ,vault ( ! ,nave1 betwe5 ! great ,door & ! ,cupola2 ,i ?\ght x might be nev]!less acceptable to ! ,curi\s 9 ,ar*itecture1 to h a ,view ( ! :ole ,design1 s celebrat$ = ! ,elegancy & ,proportion ( its ,p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xciv4 ,figura ,nonages4 qu>ta4 ,or?ographia templi ,ludovisiani4 ,vt magis tibi gratific]1 or?ographiam seu elevationem templi ,ludovisiani 9 longum dissecti del9eavi1 cum omnibus m5suris qu ve/igio sunt communes2 addito ?olo juxta ideam ,autoris4 ,ejus autem nondum con/ructi loco1 positum e/ 9 ,a ,b tel>ium cum ?olo depicto1 de quo supra 9 figuris nonagesim nonagesimaprim4 ,n9ety-f\r? ,,figure4 ,! ,or?ography1 or ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,inside ( ,s4 ,ignatius's ,*ur*4 ,= y\r great] ,satisfaction1 ,i h "h giv5 ! ,geometrical ,upright ( ! ,*ur* dissect$ l5g?wise1 ) all its ,measures agreeable to ^? ( ! ,plan2 z also ! ,cupola design'd by ! ,au?or3 ,:i* n be+ yet built1 in/ead !re( is plac'd betwe5 ,a & ,b1 ! pa9t$ ,cupola be=e describ'd 9 ! ,n9etie? & ,n9ety-fir/ ,figures4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xcv4 ,figura ,nonages4 qu9ta4 ,ali prp>ationes ad figuras nonagesimamoctavam nonagesimamnonam4 ,ex hac figura 9 quatuor p>tes divisa1 disces ex uno intuitu me?odum qua sum auspicatus opticam del9eationem templi ,ludovisiani4 ,prima p>s exhibet latus dextrum te/ud9is int] januam templi ac ?olum4 ,secunda p>s cont9et ve/igium ejusdem te/ud9is1 arcubus ac lunulis di/9ct4 ,t]tia p>s cont9et latus dextrum te/ud9is usque ad summitatem f5e/r>um1 unde incipit ,ar*itectura quam p+imus 9 =nice4 ,qu>ta p>s e/ ve/igium geometricum =nicis1 cum prom95tia quam hab5t arcus 9 summitate jam dicta f5e/r>um4 ,f+imus autem e&em esse soliditatem1 tum dificii depicti1 tum navis templi2 sol enim column1 qu respond5t pilis templi1 prom95t extra dificium4 ,! ,n9ety-fif? ,figure4 ,o!r ,prep>ations to ! ,n9ety-eigh? & ,n9ety-n9? ,figures4 ,by ?is ,figure divid$ into f\r ,p>ts1 y w at fir/ ,sight p]ceive ! ,me?od ,i obs]v'd 9 beg9n+ ! ,p]spective ,design ( ?is ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ignatius4 ,! fir/ ,"p %ews ! "r-h& ,side ( ! ,vault betwe5 ! ,door & ! ,cupola4 ,! second conta9s ! ,plan ( ! same ,vault1 ) its ,ar*es & ,lunettes4 ,! ?ird ,"p repres5ts ! same "r-h& ,side1 to ! top ( ! ,w9d[s2 :]e beg9s ! ,ar*itecture pa9t$ 9 ! ,vault4 ,! f\r? ,"p conta9s ! ,geometrical ,plan ( t "p ( ! ,vault :i* is pa9t$2 ) ! ,lunettes made by ! ,ar*es above ! ,heads ( ! a=esaid ,w9d[s4 ,! ,disposition ( ! pa9t$ ,ar*itecture above1 is ! same ) t ( ! ,nave ( ! ,*ur*2 save t1 answ]able to ! ,pila/]s bel[1 ,i h suppos'd ,columns project+ ov] ! ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xcvi4 ,figura ,nonagesimasexta4 ,ali prp>ationes ad figuras nonagesimamoctavam nonagesimamnonam4 ,prima p>s figur hujus trif>iam divis1 reprs5tat elevationem geometricam lat]is templi supra coronicem1 dificii 9 te/ud9e p+5di4 ,secunda p>s complectitur arcum te/ud9is maximum1 elevationem geometricam faciei ejusdem dificii4 ,t]tia p>s exhibet ve/igium totius dificii p+5di 9 te/ud9e1 cujus amplitudo eadem e/ cum amplitud9e navis1 ut antea dicebamus4 ,porr ve/igium geometricum non m9us necess>ium e/ ad p+5dum dificium1 qum ad ipsum ex mat]i solid extru5dum1 ut alibi monuimus4 ,! ,n9ety-six? ,figure4 ,o!r ,prep>ations to ! ,n9ety-eigh? & ,n9ety-n9? ,figures4 ,9 ?is ,figure1 :i* consi/s ( ?ree p>ts1 ! fir/ repres5ts ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,"r-side ( ! ,nave above ! ,cornice1 & ( ! ,design pa9t$ 9 ! ,vault4 ,! second conta9s ! great ,ar* ( ! ,vault1 & ! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ! ,front ( ! said ,design4 ,! ?ird "p %ews ! ,plan ( ! :ole ,"w pa9t$ on ! ,vault1 ! ,ext5t & ,disposition ( :i* is ! same ) t ( ! ,nave1 z be=em5tion'd4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan1 z ,i h =m]ly h9t$1 is no less necess>y = ! pa9t+ a ,design 9 ,p]spective1 ?an x is = rais+ a ,/ructure ) solid ,mat]ials4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xcvii4 ,figura ,nonages4 septima4 ,alia prp>atio ad figuras nonagesimamoctavam nonagesimamnonam4 ,ut optica projectio ve/igii elevationis qu>t p>tis totius ,op]is di/9ctior evad]et1 m5suras p>tium s+ul>um quadruplicavi1 e&emque me?odum 9 hac del9eatione t5ui1 qu figuris octogesimasext1 octogesimaseptim1 octogesimaoctav1 octogesimanon1 explicata fuit4 ,punctum oculi positum e/ 9 m$io navis ,ecclesi2 punctum di/anti e/ 9 l9e ex qu incipit arcus te/ud9is4 ,n9ety-sev5? ,figure4 ,ano!r ,prep>ation to ! ,n9ety-eigh? & ,n9ety-n9? ,figures4 ,t ! ,p]spective ( ! f\r? "p ( ! ,plan & ,elevation ( ?is ,"w might be m di/9ct1 ,i h 9 ?is ,figure made ! ,measures ( ea* "p f\r times z big z 9 ! =m]2 & h kept ! same ,me?od 9 ?is ,del9eation1 z 0 deliv]'d 9 ! ,eighty-six?1 ,eighty-sev5?1 ,eighty-eigh?1 & ,eighty-n9? ,figures =ego+4 ,i h set ! ,po9t ( ,sight 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,nave ( ! ,*ur*2 & ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance is 9 ! ,l9e f :i* ! ,ar* ( ! ,vault spr+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xcviii4 ,figura ,nonages4 octava4 ,quadrans ,ar*itectur horizontalis 9 =nice1 cum lum9ibus umbris4 ,habes 9 hac pag9 quadrantem totius ,op]is1 modo consueto erutum ex prc$5ti3 nimirm1 cuspide circ9i ex angulis ve/igii accipiuntur l9e p]p5dicul>es2 ex angulis v] elevationis desumuntur l9e p>allel1 ac l9e visuales ad punctum oculi4 ,n9ety-eigh? ,figure4 ,a f\r? ,"p ( ! ,ar*itectonical ,design1 pa9t$ on ! ,vault ( ,s4 ,ignatius's ,*ur*2 ) its ,lights & ,%ad[s4 ,9 ?is ,figure y h a ,qu>t] ( ! :ole ,"w1 drawn f ! =ego+ ,figure1 aft] ! usual ,mann]2 namely1 by tak+ ) ! ,compasses ! p]p5dicul> ,l9es f ! ,angles ( ! ,plan2 & ! p>allel ,l9es f ^? ( ! ,elevation1 z also ! visual ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,,xcix4 ,figura ,nonagesimanona4 ,alt] quadrans totius ,op]is4 ,ob div]sitatem duorum quadrantum1 tum 9 longitud9e1 tum 9 lum9ibus umbris1 seorsim appon5dum utrumque c5sui2 ut 9 eis del9e&is omnem difficultatem tibi adim]em4 ,! ,n9ety-n9? ,figure4 ,ano!r ,qu>t] ( ! :ole ,design4 ,by reason ( ! ,diff]5ce ( ! two ,qu>t]s1 z well 9 ,l5g?1 z 9 _! ,lights & ,%ad[s1 ,i resolv'd to describe !m sep>ately1 t y might f9d no ,difficulty 9 design+ ! :ole ,"w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 ,c4 ,,figura ,c5tesima4 ,modus reticulationis faci5d 9 te/ud9ibus4 ,op]a qu fiunt 9 planis1 cont5ta sunt duplici reticulatione1 ut notum e/4 ,nam una e>um fit 9 exempl>i1 alt]a fit 9 sup]ficie 9 qu ipsum ,opus p+5dum e/4 ,at v] te/ud9es exigunt tres reticulationes4 ,prima fit 9 exempl>i1 quod supponimus del9eatum esse juxta regulas ,p]spectiv horizontalis4 ,secunda reticulatio con/at ex funiculis1 e/ p5silis2 cujus =mam geometricam habes 9 ,m4 ,locum ubi fig5di sunt clavi qui su/9eant funiculos1 exhib5t rect ,,ab1 ,,ef3 optica v] de=matio retis e/ 9 ,n4 ,punctum oculi e/ ,o1 di/anti e/ ,,lo4 ,itaque si imag9]is1 tempore nocturno1 lum5 c&el aut luc]n exi/]e 9 ,o1 atque reti ex funiculis projici l9eas umbrosas 9 te/ud9em1 edemque l9e p5nicillo color5tur1 habebitur t]tia reticulatio ad p+5dam te/ud9em necess>ia4 ,dixi si imag9]is1 quia 9 te/ud9em obductam tabulato1 ac remotam reti1 mult magis lum9e1 vel projici nequeunt umbr1 vel nequeunt esse vivid ac di/9ct1 ut oportet4 ,itaque ubi nimia fu]it di/antia1 figes 9 ,o extremitatem fili2 eque usque ad te/ud9em ext5so1 utris veluti radio ac lum9e c&el1 ad not&um umbr locum4 ,prod]it etiam1 ut sup] tabulato motum fili obsecundes lum9e alicujus c&el1 quod ipsi filo proxim admoveas4 ,atque 8 aliisque adm9iculis1 tuque indu/ri1 colores induces sup] l9eis umbrosis1 ac t]tiam reticulationem absolves4 ,posset etiam rete ex filis figi 9 p>v di/anti coronice1 puta 9 ,,gh1 unde incipit basis dificii3 tunc autem umbr 9 =nice sunt magis di/9ct ac visibiles4 ,dilig5tissim curabis1 ne m5sur exempl>is discrep5t ullat5us m5suris te/ud9is3 ut rete incid5s 9 angulos1 arcus1 aut lunulas te/ud9is1 exact respondeat reti exempl>is4 ,demum si 9 vitia qu em5d>i nequeant1 incid]e nolis2 scito1 regulas omnes ,p]spectiv horizontalis1 qu 9 hom9ibus aut animalibus1 ac 9 columnis aut coronicibus p+5dis1 omn9o s]v>i oport]e4 ,! ,hundr$? ,figure4 ,! ,me?od ( draw+ ! ,net or ,lattice-,"w on ,vaults4 ,= ,works on a flat ,sup]ficies1 two ,net-works are suffici5t2 z has be5 already intimat$3 ,"o drawn on ! ,copy2 ! o!r on ! ,table to be pa9t$4 ,b = ar*'d ,surfaces1 or ,vaults1 ?ree are requir'd3 ,"o made on ! ,copy1 :i* ,i suppose drawn accord+ to ,rules ( horizontal ,p]spective4 ,! second consi/s ( a ,frame ( small ,cords or ,?reads1 to be hung up2 ! ,geometrical ,=m ( :i* is ,m4 ,! ,l9es ,,ab1 ,,ef1 %ew ! ,place :]e ?is ,frame is to be fix'd1 9 ! same mann] z ! ,p]spective ,n4 ,! ,po9t ( ,sight is ,o2 ( ,di/ance1 ,,lo4 ,!re=e1 if y imag9e a ,lamp or ,c&le fix'd 9 ! ,night-"t at ! ,po9t ,o2 ! ,%ad[s ( ! ,?read1 ?r[n !reby on ! ,vault1 be+ trac'd by a ,p5cil1 make ! ?ird ,net-"w requir'd = pa9t+ ! same4 ,i say1 if y imag9e a ,lamp ?us fix'd2 because ei!r ! ,scaffold to ! ,vault1 or ! great ,di/ance ( ! ,vault f ! ,net-"w1 or ! great] ( bo? f ! ,light1 may prev5t ! ,%ad[s f be+ ?r[n at all1 or at lea/1 may r5d] !m s fa9t1 z n to be di/9ct en\gh = ! purpose4 ,!re=e1 :]e ?is happ5s1 in/ead ( ! ,light fix "o ,end ( a ,?read 9 ! ,po9t ,o2 & ext5d+ ! o!r to ! ,vault1 make use ( x z a ,ray f ! ,lamp or ,c&le1 = describ+ ! ,place ( ! ,%ad[s4 ,x w be also ( great use1 to second ! ,motion ( ! ,?read ) ! ,light ( a ,c&le y may h by y on ! ,scaffold1 hold+ ! same ne> ! ,?read itself4 ,by ?is1 & o!r su* ,helps1 :i* y\r own ,indu/ry w sugge/1 y may lay ^! ,%ad[s 9 ,col\rs1 & complete ! ?ird ,net-"w requir'd4 ,! ,frame ( ,?reads may also be fix'd ne>] ! ,vault at "s ,di/ance above ! ,cornice1 z at ,,gh1 :]e ! pa9t$ ,ar*itecture beg9s2 = ! ,%ad[s ?r[n on ! ,ar* w by t means become m visible & di/9ct4 ,y mu/ be v c>eful1 t ! ,measures ( y\r ,copy are exactly ! same ) ^? ( ! ,vault1 t ! ,net-"w ?r[n into ! ,angles1 ,ar*es & ,lunettes ( ! ,vault1 may p]fectly correspond ) t ( y\r ,copy4 ,la/ly1 if y w\ld n run into inextricable ,errors2 assure y\rself1 t all ^! ,rules ( horizontal ,p]spective are z /rictly to be obs]v'd 9 ! ,figures ( ,m5 or ,animals1 z 9 pa9t+ ,columns1 ,cornices1 or ! l4 ,ut ,p]spectiv ,tyronibus consul]em1 qui =tasse non adeo facil p]cipi5t duodecim primas figur>um explicationes1 totidem novas explicationes hic addo4 ,= ! great] ,help to ,beg9n]s1 & ^? :o are less conv]sant 9 ! ,art ( ,p]spective1 ,i "h subjo9 a f>!r ,explanation ( ! fir/ twelve ,figures ( ?is ,book4 ,,figura ,,prima4 ,explicatio l9e>um plani1 horizontis1 punctorum oculi1 di/anti2 de hoc ultimo pressis4 ,tres l9e div]si int] se nom9is1 mun]is1 item1 duo puncta prcipu necess>ia sunt1 ut del9eatio qulibet optic r$di queat3 prima vocatur l9ea plani1 secunda horizontalis ubi e/ punctum oculi2 de t]tia loqu> 9 elevationibus3 alt]um de duobus punctis assignatur oculo1 vulg dicitur punctum oculi2 alt]um v] assignatur di/anti1 qua nom5 habet4 ,punctum oculi notissimum e/1 punctum v] di/anti non x2 9 hujus igitur explicatione morabor1 ut cl>is o/5dam quid sit1 quomodo =m&um sit1 selegi descriptionem ,ecclesi geometric habitam1 quam 9 tres p>tes divisi1 9 ve/igium1 sectionem1 int]iorem faciem1 9 qua facie velit quis p+]e1 seu del9e>e aliquid optic1 ut elongetur ad m5suram ap]tur quadrati ,p1 ut habes 9 ve/igio1 ad m5suram pr(unditatis ,q1 quam habes 9 sectione4 ,sup] faciem ,,cccc quam puta esse del9eam5tum1 habes rationem1 qua debes dispon]e supradicta puncta1 l9eas4 ,,hi erit l9ea plani3 ,,non erit l9ea horizontalis1 qu fi]i solet di/ans l9ea plani altitud9e hom9is1 ut vides 9 ,b4 ,punctum oculi erit 9 ,o2 punctum di/anti erit 9 ,n1 ex qua p>te malu]is4 ,hoc punctum ,n debet tantum abesse puncto ,o1 quantum tuo arbitratu tu vis procul esse ut videas pr(unditatem illius quadrati ,,pq1 sicut vides 9 exemplo ve/igii1 sectionis2 ubi rem velut 9 suo /atu naturali exhibeo2 9 iis enim tam abe/ ,n ab ,o1 quam abe/ homo ab ,a ad ,,de1 homo ,b 9 sectione1 ab ,,fg1 ubi e/ murus 9 quo p+5dum1 vel del9e&um e/4 ,si ult]is curios descriptionem hanc consid]es1 videbis quam b5e respondeat quadratum ,p 9 plano1 elevatio ,q1 ut naturalis /atus rei 9 sectione ,p]spectiv posit 9 facie ,,cccc1 qu e/ del9eatio4 ,videbis enim visuales1 qu secant 9 plano spatium ,,rs1 ita p>it] sec>e spatium ,,tv 9 elevatione3 segm5tum visualium ,,xz 9 sectione respond]e ,,yk 9 elevatione1 quod demon/ratione non c>et4 ,,fir/ ,,figure4 ,an ,explanation ( ! ,l9es ( ! ,plan & ,horizon1 & ( ! ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance2 b m especially ( ?is la/4 ,= beg9n+ any ,design 9 ,p]spective1 !re are pr9cipally requir'd ?ree ,l9es1 & two ,po9ts3 ,"o ,l9e :]e ! ,feet /&1 :i* is call'd ! ,l9e ( ! ,plan1 or ,gr\nd-l9e3 ,! second :]e ! ,eye is plac'd1 call'd ! horizontal ,l9e3 ,i %all speak ( ! ?ird 9 ! ,elevations4 ,( ! ,po9ts1 "o is assign'd to ! ,eye1 ! o!r to ! ,di/ance4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is g5]ally kn[n1 ! latt] n s well und]/ood1 ?\gh ( great ,use = giv+ ! ,removal or ,dep? ( e ,object4 ,i %all !re=e insi/ a :ile on ! ,explanation ( ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance2 & t ,i may m cle>ly %ew :at x is1 ,i h *os5 ! ,geometrical ,description ( a ,*ur*1 :i* is divid$ into ?ree ,p>ts2 viz4 ! ,plan1 ,pr(ile1 & inn] ,face2 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,face "o w\ld pa9t a ,piece ( ,p]spective1 t %\ld seem to rec$e z mu* z ! ,squ>e ,p 9 ! ,plan1 & ! ,dep? ,q 9 ! ,pr(ile4 ,on ! ,face ,,cccc1 :i* suppose t ( ! ,design1 y see ! ,mann] ( dispos+ ! two ,l9es & ! two ,po9ts4 ,,hi is ! ,gr\nd-l9e4 ,,non is ! horizontal ,l9e1 :i* is usually made a ,man's ,height above ! ,gr\nd l9e1 z 9 ,b4 ,! ,po9t ( ,sight is ,o1 ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,n1 on :i* side y w4 ,?is ,po9t ,n mu/ be z f> f ,o1 z ! ,di/ance y det]m9e to place y\rself at = view+ ! ,dep? ( ! ,squ>e ,,pq2 z is exemplify'd 9 ! ,plan & ,pr(ile1 :]e y see ! ?+ z 9 its natural ,position3 ,& 9 !m ,n is di/ant f ,o1 z f> z ! ,man 9 ,a is remov'd f ,,de2 or ! ,man ,b 9 ! ,pr(ile f ,,fg1 :i* is ! ,wall to be drawn or pa9t$ on4 ,if y f>!r & m /rictly exam9e ?is ,description1 y'll disc]n h[ well ! ,squ>e ( ! ,plan ,p1 & ! ,elevation ,q1 correspond z if naturally put into ,p]spective on ! ,face ,,cccc1 :i* is ! ,draught4 ,= y see ! ,visuals :i* cut ! ,space ,,rn 9 ! ,plan1 cut ! same ,space ,,tv 9 ! ,upright2 & ! ,segm5t ( ! ,visuals ,,xz 9 ! ,pr(ile1 answ] t ( ,,yk 9 ! ,elevation2 :i* ne$s no ,demon/ration4 ,,figura ,,secunda4 ,quadratum optic del9eatum4 ,po/quam descrips]is 9 papyro sep>ata quadratum geometricum ,a1 facies duas l9eas p>allelas int] se di/antes altitud9e1 quam d$]is puncto oculi2 l9ea inf]ior erit l9ea plani1 l9ea sup]ior erit l9ea horizontalis1 sup] quam ponuntur puncta oculi ,o1 di/anti ,e1 quod sit ex p>te quam mavis3 l9ea di/anti non debet esse brevior magnitud9e r]um describ5d>um4 ,transf] po/e circ9o latitud9em quadrati ,a 9 ,,cb1 un cum visualibus ad punctum ,o2 similit] transf] longitud9em ipsius quadrati 9 ,,dc1 duc5s l9eam puncto ,d ad punctum di/anti ,e1 transeuntem p] visualem ,,co1 ubi illa secat1 habebis t]m9um quadrati optici ,,gfcb1 duc5s p>allelam ad l9eam plani 9 ,f4 ,ut autem hoc idem citis absolv]em1 spius *>tam complicavi1 ut habes 9 ,a4 ,,second ,,figure4 ,a ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,aft] y h drawn1 on a sep>ate ,pap]1 ! ,geometrical ,squ>e ,a1 make two p>allel ,l9es z mu* di/ant "o f ! o!r1 z y w\ld h ! ,height ( ! ,eye4 ,! "u ,l9e is ! ,plan or ,gr\nd-l9e2 ! upp] ,l9e is t ( ! ,horizon1 on :i* are plac'd ! ,po9ts ( ,sight ,o1 & ( ,di/ance ,e1 on :i* side y please4 ,! ,l9e ( ,di/ance %\ld n be %ort] ?an ! ,ext5t ( ! ?+ to be describ'd 9 ,p]spective4 ,!n ) y\r ,compasses set ! ,bread? ( ! ,squ>e ,a on ,,cb1 & draw ,visuals to ! ,po9t ,o2 & f ! ,l5g? ( ! ,squ>e transf]r'd into ,,dc1 draw a ,l9e f ! ,po9t ,d to ! ,di/ance ,e2 & :]e t cuts ! ,visual ,,co1 by draw+ a ,l9e p>allel to ,,gf1 y describe ! ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective ,,gfcb4 ,= ! m quick ,dispat* ( ?is1 ,i commonly fold ! ,pap]1 z y see 9 ,a4 ,,figura ,,t]tia4 ,rectangulus alt]a p>te oblongior optic4 ,quidquid 9 proximo quadrato vidi/i1 facies 9 prs5ti4 ,transf]res latitud9em ,,bc 9 ,,bc1 longitud9em 9 ,,cd1 duc5s latitud9em ,,bc ad punctum oculi ,o1 longitud9em ,,cd ad punctum di/anti ,e4 ,ubi v]o hc l9ea secat visualem ,,co1 erit t]m9us rectanguli supradicti ,,fg1 ,,bc1 duc5s p>allelam1 ut supra4 ,,?ird ,,figure4 ,an ,oblong ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,:at 0 done 9 ! prec$+1 repeat 9 ?is ,?ird ,figure4 ,transf] ! ,bread? ,,bc into ,,bc1 & ! ,l5g? into ,,cd1 draw+ ! ,bread? ,,bc to ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 & ! ,l5g? ,,cd to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,e4 ,:]e ?is cuts ! ,visual ,,co1 y t]m9ate ! ,squ>e ,,fg1 ,,bc1 by draw+ ! ,p>allel1 z be=e4 ,,figura ,,qu>ta4 ,quadratum duplex optic4 ,eodem modo con/rues quadratum duplex ,a1 transf]5s circ9o1 aut duplic&o *>tulam1 latitud9em cujuscumque l9e1 ut vides 9 punctis #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 sup] l9eam plani 9 iisdem num]is1 ab i/is transf]es visuales ad punctum ,o4 ,po/ea transf] longitud9em #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 sup] l9eam plani 9 iisdem p>it] num]is1 ab i/is duc l9eas ad punctum di/anti ,e4 ,ubi h l9e secant l9eam #f1 #g1 ,o1 fiunt l9e p>allel ad l9eam plani1 quadratum conficitur2 p>em con/ructionem facies de quadrato secundo1 t]tio1 facil ex dictis4 ,,f\r? ,,figure4 ,a d\ble ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,! d\ble ,squ>e ,a is made aft] ! same mann] z ! =m]1 by transport+1 ei!r ) ! ,compasses1 or fold$ ,pap]1 ! ,bread? ( e ,l9e1 z y see ! ,po9ts #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 on ! ,gr\nd-l9e m>k'd ) ! same ,numb]s2 & f ^! draw ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,!n transf] ! ,po9ts ( ,l5g? #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 into ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 z y see also 9 ! same ,numb]s2 & direct _! ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,e4 ,:]e ^! int]sect ! ,visual #f1 #g1 ,o1 make ,p>allels to ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 & ! ,squ>e is complete4 ,! same is done 9 describ+ ! middle ,squ>e1 & t on ! o!r ,side4 ,,figura ,,qu9ta4 ,quadratorum ve/igia cum elevationibus4 ,figuram hanc 9 duas p>tes divisi2 9 sup]iori p>te vides tria quadrata optica aliquantulum adumbrata1 eaque tam int] se di/antia1 quanta e/ di/ributio sup] l9eam plani4 ,,bc erit quadratum primum4 ,secundum erit 9 ,,ef4 ,si ergo posu]is longitud9em quadrati 9 ,,bc1 eamque dux]is ad di/antiam1 secabit 9 ,,dd visualem ,,ao4 ,si p>it] posu]is alt]um spatium longitud9is ejusdem quadrati 9 ,,ef1 dux]is ad l9eam di/anti1 habebis secundum quadratum optic4 ,idem facies de t]tio1 de aliis1 qu di/ribu5da sunt4 ,9 secunda p>te4 ,si desid]es supra totidem ve/igia =m>e elevationes cuborum1 /ylobat>um1 ut 9 inf]iori figur p>te vides1 satis erit ex omni ve/igiorum angulo elev>e l9eas occultas1 app>5tes1 det]m9&o altitud9em faciei ,l primo cubo1 anguli ejusdem faciei dabunt altitud9em omnium aliorum4 ,imm etiam totidem cubos =m>e potes s9e l9eis occultis1 duc5do solm app>5tes1 ut vides 9 tribus expositis adumbratis1 nitidis1 quorum p]p5dicul>es sumuntur ab angulis ve/igiorum1 ut 9 sup]iori figura habes 9 ,h1 l9e plani translat sunt ab angulis elevationis1 ut videtur 9 ,f4 ,,fif? ,,figure4 ,sev]al ,plans ( ,squ>es1 ) _! ,elevations4 ,i h divid$ ?is ,figure into two ,p>ts2 ,9 ! upp]mo/ y h ?ree ,squ>es 9 ,p]spective a little %ad['d1 di/ant "o f ano!r1 accord+ to _! ,di/ribution on ! ,gr\nd-l9e4 ,,bc is ! fir/ ,squ>e2 ,,ef ! second4 ,if y !n set ! ,l5g? ( a ,squ>e on ,,bc1 & draw ,l9es to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 !y w int]sect ! ,visual ,,ao 9 ,,dd4 ,9 l mann]1 if y set ano!r ,l5g? ( ! said ,squ>e on ,,ef1 & draw to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance1 y'll h ! second ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,! same y may d 9 ! ?ird1 & z _m z y h occasion =4 ,9 ! second ,"p y see1 t if ^u ! =e-m5tion'd ,plans ! ,elevations ( ,cubes or ,p$e/als 7 requir'd1 x w\ld suffice to elevate ! occult & visible ,l9es f e ,angle ( ! ,plan2 & det]m9+ ! ,height ( ! ,face ,l ( ! fir/ ,cube1 ! ,angles ( t ,face drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 give ! ,height ( all ! o!rs4 ,y may =m ! same ,cubes )\t occult ,l9es1 draw+ only ^? t are app>5t1 z y see 9 ! ?ree ,cubes t are f9i%'d & %ad['d2 ! ,p]p5dicul>s ( :i* are tak5 ) ! ,compasses f ! ,angles ( ! ,plan1 z is %ewn 9 ,,hi ( ! upp] ,figure2 & ! level ,l9es are transf]r'd f ! ,angles ( ! ,elevation1 z 9 ,,fg ( ! same ,figure4 ,,figura ,,sexta4 ,modus del9e&i optic s9e l9eis occultis4 ,desid]ans facili me?odo figuram hanc expon]e1 dabo rationem elev&i corpora s9e l9eis occultis1 ut 9 sup]iori tetigi2 o/5dam igitur hic1 quomodo qu9que cubi adumbrati desumantur ab eorum ve/igiis1 elevationibus4 ,duas debes fac]e prp>ationes1 si libeat1 9 *>tis etiam sep>atis4 ,prima erit =m>e geometric ve/igium1 elevationem1 ut vides 9 ,b ,a4 ,secunda erit di/ribu]e sup] l9eam plani latitud9em ve/igii ,b1 puta 9 ,,nm1 9 duabus proximis3 ,illius longitudo ,,mx ducta ad di/antiam ,d1 secat visualem ,,mo 9 ,r4 ,spatium autem obliquatum ,e utile etiam e/ aliis duobus quadratis positis sup] eamdem l9eam plani2 anguli quorum translati ad di/antiam ,b1 totidem angulos dabunt int] visuales ,,no1 ,,mo4 ,hoc posito1 duces p]p5dicul>em ad angulum ,n1 qu 9 elevationibus geometricis semp] necess>ia e/1 eaque t]tia l9ea e/1 quam supra dixi4 ,transf] po/ea altitud9em ,a 9 ,,nf1 cum visualibus ,,fo1 ,,no1 inv5ies altitud9em ,,/4 ,hoc p>it] de ct]is ev5iet4 ,sci5dum sup]e/ quonam modo supradicta prp>atione uti possis ad con/ru5dos /ylobatas adumbratos1 inornatos4 ,sup] aliam igitur *>tam dispone situm cum duabus l9eis1 plani scilicet1 horizontis1 una cum puncto oculi ,o1 p]p5dicul>i ,v1 ejusdem m5sur cum supradicta prp>atione1 faci5s uti me fecisse vides4 ,exp]ire po/ea circ9o ,,nf qualia esse #a1 #e1 #b1 #f4 ,metire p>it] ,,/1 inv5ies qualia #g #c2 facies po/ea l9eas planas1 visuales ad punctum oculi1 habebis planum sup]ius cubi 9 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,hoc idem faci5dum e/ de aliis4 ,uno v]bo3 anguli ve/igiorum dabunt tibi l9eas p]p5dicul>es1 anguli elevationis dabunt l9eas planas2 atque hoc semp] erit4 ,,six? ,,figure4 ,! ,mann] ( design+ 9 ,p]spective )\t occult ,l9es4 ,be+ desir\s to make ?is ,rule z easy z possible1 ,i %all give a f>!r ,acc\nt ( rais+ ,solids )\t ! ,help ( occult ,l9es1 :i* ,i only t\*'d ^u 9 ! =ego+ ,figure4 ,i !re=e "h %ew y1 h[ ! five %ad['d ,cubes ( ?is ,figure are tak5 f _! ,plans & ,elevations4 ,two ?+s prep>atory are to be done1 &1 if y please1 on sep>ate ,pap]s4 ,! fir/ is1 to describe ! ,geometrical ,plan & ,elevation1 z y see 9 ,b & ,a4 ,! second is1 to dispose on ! ,gr\nd-l9e ! ,bread? ( ! ,plan ,b2 z1 = ,example1 9 ,,nm1 & ! two next to x4 ,! ,l5g? !re( ,,mx1 drawn to ! ,po9t ( ,di/ance ,d1 cuts ! ,visual ,,mo 9 ,r2 & ! ,=e%ortn+ ,e s]ves also = ! o!r two ,squ>es plac'd ^u ! same ,gr\nd-l9e1 :ole ,angles be+ direct$ to ! ,di/ance ,d1 give z _m ,angles on ! ,visuals ,,no1 ,,mo4 ,?is done1 erect a ,p]p5dicul> on ! ,angle ,n1 :i* 9 ,geometrical ,elevations is always necess>y1 & is ! ?ird ,l9e m5tion'd 9 ! fir/ ,figure4 ,!n c>ry ! ,height ,a on ,,nf1 draw+ ! ,visuals ,,fo1 ,,no1 :i* det]m9e ! ,height ,,/1 & t ( ! o!r ,squ>es4 ,x rema9s to be kn[n1 h[ to make use ( ! =esaid ,prep>ation = ! ,con/ruction ( ! %ad['d ,p$e/als4 ,on ano!r ,pap] !re=e dispose ! ,horizontal & ,gr\nd-l9es1 toge!r ) ! ,po9t ( ,sight ,o1 & ! ,p]p5dicul> ,v1 keep+ ! same ,measures z 9 ! a=esaid ,prep>ation1 & do+ z ,i h done4 ,y may prove by ! ,compasses1 t ,,nf is equal to #a1 #e1 & #b1 #f1 & measur+ ,,/1 y'll f9d x equal to #g1 #c1 !n draw+ ! level ,l9es1 & ! ,visuals to ! ,po9t ( ,sight1 y h ! upp] ,face ( ! ,cube ,c 9 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,! same mu/ be done 9 ! o!rs4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,angles ( ! ,plan give y ! p]p5dicul> ,l9es1 & ! ,angles ( ! ,elevation give ! level ,l9es1 or ^? p>allel to ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 & ?is y are always to und]/& = ! future4 ,,figura ,,septima4 ,aliud exemplum con/ru5di ve/igium geometricum1 cum elevatione longitud9is4 ,vides hic /ylobatam ,p 9 quatuor p>tes divisum1 adumbratum4 ,si illum optic del9e>e velis1 con/ru]e debes supradictas prp>ationes1 geometricam nempe1 opticam4 ,nom9e geometric intelligo ve/igium ,a1 elevationem ,b2 nom9e v]o optic1 totum id quod includitur 9 ,,gcdeo4 ,transf] igitur latitud9em geometricam ,,cd ve/igii ,a sup] l9eam plani p>it] ,,cd1 transf] longitud9em ,,de sup] l9eam plani p>it] ,,de1 op]ans m solito2 habebis ve/igium optic4 ,transf] po/e elevationem ,,hx 9 ,,cg p]p5dicul>is2 duc5s visualem ,,g1 eleva ad l9eam ,,g omnem angulum1 quem planum facit 9 l9ea ,,co1 habebis altitud9em necess>iam etiam sectionis4 ,transf]es d5ique circ9o 9 aliam *>tam angulos ve/igii1 qui dabunt tibi l9eas p]p5dicul>es1 anguli sectionis dabunt l9eas planas3 ,visuales v]o duces ad punctum oculi4 ,,sev5? ,,figure4 ,ano!r ,example ( a ,geometrical ,plan1 ) ! ,elevation ( its ,l5g?4 ,if y w\ld del9eate 9 ,p]spective ! ,p$e/al ,p1 :i* y "h see divid$ into f\r ,p>ts1 & %ad['d2 y mu/ make ! two =ego+ ,prep>ations2 namely1 ! ,geometrical & ! ,p]spective4 ,by ! ,geometrical1 ,i mean ! ,plan ,a1 & ! ,elevation ,b2 ,by ! ,p]spective1 all t's conta9'd )9 ,g1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,o4 ,!n transf] ! ,geometrical ,bread? ,,cd ( ! ,plan ,a1 into ,,cd ( ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 & ! ,l5g? ,,de ( ! said ,plan into ,,de ( ! ,gr\nd-l9e work+ aft] ! usual mann]2 & y w h ! ,plan 9 ,p]spective4 ,aga91 set ! ,elevation ,,hx on ,,cg ( ! ,p]p5dicul>1 & draw+ ! ,visual ,,g1 elevate !reto e ,angle made by ! ,plan on ! ,l9e ,,co1 & y h all ! ,heights necess>y = ! ,pr(ile4 ,la/ly1 by ! ,compasses y transport on a clean ,pap] ! ,angles ( ! ,plan1 :i* give ! p]p5dicul> ,l9es2 & ^? ( ! ,pr(ile1 :i* give ! level ,l9es4 ,! ,visuals y draw to ! ,po9t ( ,sight4 ,,figura ,,octava4 ,/ylobata optic4 ,hic etiam po/quam fec]is supradictas prp>ationes1 geometricam scilicet1 opticam2 facies prs5tem /ylobatam adumbratum1 transf]5s circ9o angulos ve/igii1 ut con/ruas p]p5dicul>es2 angulos sectionis1 ut =mes l9eas planas1 ut supra4 ,nam sic duo anguli ve/igii ,,mo dabunt l9eas p]p5dicul>es ,,ef2 angulus ve/igii ,r dabit p]p5dicul>em ,p1 sic reliqui anguli dabunt reliquas l9eas p]p5dicul>es4 ,similit] sectione angulus ,i dabit l9eam planam ,,hn4 ,brevit]1 primus t]m9us sectionis ,,id dabit altitud9em l9e>um plan>um 9 facie /ylobat adumbrati ,,efhn4 ,secundus t]m9us ,q dabit altitud9em faciei opposit1 occult ,p4 ,duo tam5 moneo2 primum1 ut faci5s ve/igia geometrica1 ducas ab elevatione ,a totidem l9eas ad lat]a ve/igii ,b1 quot angulos inv5ies 9 prom95tiis supradict elevationis ,a1 ut manife/ vides 9 l9eis quas ex punctis composui1 ill enim /ylobata ,a cadunt sup] ve/igium ,b2 qu>e prom95tia major 9 elevatione ,l facit l9eam majorem ,l 9 ve/igio4 ,secundum quod moneo sit1 ut vol5s elong>e ve/igium optic del9eatum ,,mor l9ea plani ,k1 quantum erit spatium ,c 9 eadem l9ea plani1 tantumdem elongabitur spatium ,g l9ea ejusdem plani4 ,,eigh? ,,figure4 ,a ,p$e/al 9 ,p]spective4 ,"h also1 aft] y h made ! two =ego+ ,prep>ations1 ! ,geometrical & ! ,p]spective2 ?is %ad['d ,p$e/al is made by tak+ ) ! ,compasses ! ,angles ( ! ,plan1 = draw+ ! ,p]p5dicul>s1 & ! ,angles ( ! ,pr(ile = ! level ,l9es1 z be=e4 ,?us ! two ,angles ( ! ,plan ,,mo1 give ! p]p5dicul> ,l9es ,,ef4 ,! ,angle ( ! ,plan ,r1 gives ! ,p]p5dicul> ,p2 & ! o!r ,angles give _! respective ,p]p5dicul>s4 ,s likewise 9 ! ,pr(ile1 ! ,angle ,i gives ! level ,l9e ,,hn4 ,9 %ort1 ! fir/ ,out-l9e ( ! ,pr(ile ,,id gives ! ,height ( ! level ,l9es on ! ,front ( ! %ad['d ,p$e/al4 ,! o!r ,out-l9e ,q gives ! ,height ( ! occult & back "p !re(4 ,nev]!less1 two ?+s are to be obs]v'd2 fir/1 t 9 mak+ ! ,geometrical ,plan1 y draw f ! ,elevation ,a1 z _m ,l9es to ! ,side ( ! ,plan ,b1 z y h ,angles 9 ! ,projectures ( ! said ,elevation2 z is manife/ 9 ! po9t$ ,l9es1 :i* fall1 f ! ,upright ,a1 on ! ,plan ,b1 :]e t ( ! greate/ ,projecture ,l 9 ! ,elevation makes ! out] ,l9e ,l ( ! ,plan4 ,! second ?+ to be obs]v'd1 is1 ,t if y w\ld h ! ,p]spective-,plan ,,mor z f> )9 ! ,gr\nd-l9e ,k1 z ! ,bread? ( ! ,space ,c on ! same ,l9e1 ! ,space ,g w !n be ! ,di/ance !re( f ! said ,gr\nd-l9e4 ,,figura ,,nona4 ,optica del9eatio ,ar*itectur ,jacobi ,b>ozzii3 primum1 de /ylobata ,ord9is ,etrusci4 ,qu&oquidem omnibus nota e/ ,ar*itectura ,b>ozzii1 eam hic p5itus immutatam cum suis regulis p>ticul>ibus1 g5]alibus expono2 ,meti]is autem illam modulis ut fi]i solet2 qui igitur illam desid]at1 9 sequ5tibus figuris inv5iet totam1 simulque discet optic r$d]e4 ,cum autem non m9us ,optic /udioso quam ,ar*itectur necesse sit1 effic]e del9eam5ta rei con/ru5d1 ab hoc v]1 ab illo fict1 id e/1 cum ut]que fac]e debeat ve/igium1 elevationem1 sectionem1 faciem1 ob id del9eavi hic /ylobatam ,ord9is ,etrusci cum suo ve/igio1 quem vides 9 ,,ab1 ut facilis p]cipias quod 9 proxima figura dixi1 totidem scilicet angulis prom95ti>um elevationis1 totidem duc5das esse l9eas sup] l9eam ve/igii2 cum hoc necesse sit ad inv5i5dum illorum angulorum cum i/is l9eis concursum 9 suis degradationibus4 ,nota1 longitud9em1 quam voco ,f ductam 9 ,g esse illam1 qua non solm nascitur ve/igii obliquitas1 v]m etiam ab illa nascitur obliquitas illius quam voco sectionem ,e4 ,ob id 9 alt]o hujus ejusdem figur /ylobata totum id contr>io videbis4 ,non amplis repetam quonam modo eruatur nitida del9eatio1 de qua sup]is pluries2 dicam tam5 angulos primi t]m9i sectionis ,e daturos l9eas planas faciei ,d1 angulos ve/igii daturos omnes p]p5dicul>es4 ,,n9? ,,figure4 ,! ,ar*itecture ( ,vignola put 9 ,p]spective2 & fir/1 ! ,p$e/al ( ! ,tuscan ,ord]4 ,s9ce e "o is acqua9t$ ) ,vignola's ,ar*itecture1 ,i det]m9e n to alt] x1 b to expla9 x1 ) its g5]al & p>ticul> ,rules2 measur+ ! same ) ,modules1 aft] ! usual mann]4 ,he !re=e t has x n1 may f9d x 9 ! foll[+ ,figures1 & at ! same "t le>n ! ,me?od ( putt+ x 9 ,p]spective4 ,& :]eas ! ,draw+ ! ,plan1 ,elevation & ,pr(ile ( :at's to be built1 is no less necess>y = him t /udies ,p]spective1 ?an = ! ,ar*itect1 ! fir/ p]=m+ 9 ,appe>ance1 :at ! latt] does 9 ,reality2 ,i h !re=e "h del9eat$ ! ,tuscan ,p$e/al1 ) its ,plan1 z y see 9 ,,ab1 t y may ! bett] appreh5d :at ,i said 9 ! =ego+ ,figure1 ,t f all ! ,angles ( ,projecture 9 ! ,elevation1 ,l9es mu/ be let fall on ! ,plan2 ?is be+ ( absolute necessity = f9d+ ! ,correspond5ce ( ! ,angles ) ! ,l9es 9 ! ,p]spective ,projection4 ,obs]ve1 t :at ,i always call ,l5g?1 z f ,f to ,g1 is t f :i* proce$s n only ! ,=e%ortn+ ( ! ,plan2 b also t :i* ,i call ! ,pr(ile ,e4 ,:]e=e1 9 ! opposite ,p$e/al ( ! same ,figure1 y'll see a contr>y ,disposition ( ! ,:ole4 ,i %all n "h repeat1 h[ ! f9i%'d ,p$e/al is tak5 f ^!2 hav+ s l>gely spok5 ( t be=e2 b briefly tell y1 t ! ,angles ( ! fir/ ,out-l9e ( ! ,pr(ile ,e give ! level ,l9es ( ! ,face ,d1 & ! ,angles ( ! ,plan give all ! ,p]p5dicul>s4 ,,figura ,,decima4 ,/ylobata ,doricus1 ratio vit&i difficultatem quamdam1 qu occurrit int] illum optic del9e&um4 ,hic oritur difficultas hc4 ,ve/igium ,a optic translatum 9 ,c ade contrahitur1 ut di/9ct vid]i nequeat ubi collocetur circ9i pes1 ut transf]ri poss9t p]p5dicul>es /ylobat adumbrati2 totaque hc difficultas oritur prop9quitate quam habet l9ea horizontalis1 seu punctum oculi cum l9ea plani4 ,ut igitur illam v9cas3 ,duces l9eam plani inf]is quantum libu]it1 sup] illam f]es d5u latitud9em1 longitud9em m solito1 ret95do puncta oculi1 di/anti ,,(1 sic videbis ve/igia magis m9usve di/9cta2 ,ve/igium enim ,e di/9ctius e/ ve/igio ,d1 ,d di/9ctius e/ ve/igio ,c4 ,,t5? ,,figure4 ,a ,dorick ,p$e/al1 ) ! ,mann] ( %unn+ a ,difficulty1 :i* occurs 9 putt+ ! same 9 ,p]spective4 ,9 ?is ,figure a ,difficulty arises1 :i* is ?is2 ,t ! ,plan ,a put 9 ,p]spective 9 ,c1 is s =e%ort5'd1 t "o c't see di/9ctly1 :]e to place ! ,compasses1 = transf]r+ ! ,p]p5dicul>s on ! %ad['d ,p$e/al2 :i* is caus'd by ! too ne> ,approa* ( ! horizontal ,l9e to ! ,gr\nd-l9e4 ,= avoid+ ?is ,difficulty1 draw ano!r ,gr\nd-l9e z mu* bel[ ! fir/ z y please1 & c>ry ! ,bread? & ,l5g? !reon1 aft] ! usual mann]1 /ill keep+ ! same ,po9ts ( ,sight & ,di/ance ,o & ,f3 ,& accord+ to ! ,removal ( ! ,gr\nd-l9e1 ! ,plans w be m or less di/9ct2 z y see ! ,plan ,e is m di/9ct ?an ,d1 & ,d is m s ?an ,c4 ,,figura ,,undecima4 ,/ylobata ,ionicus1 ratio vit&i aliam difficultatem 9 elevationibus4 ,9 elevationibus etiam sectionis optic pote/ accid]e1 ut si visualis ,,lk nimis recta sit1 sectio ,b re/r+atur4 ,elong&o l9eam plani ab ,l ad ,m1 visualis ,,mn erit incl9atior1 consequ5t] sectio ,c erit latior1 di/9ctior4 ,nota1 difficultatem hanc spe spis te habiturum 9 figuris prcipu1 qu multas l9eas hab5t1 ut 9 figura quadragesimasecunda1 ubi p>it] rationem vit&i confusionem r$dam4 ,neque tibi mole/i sim1 quod 9 hac figura l9eam horizontalem infra l9eam plani collocav]im1 id enim feci1 ut ill>um div]sos effectus videas1 utque tu 9 tuis /udiis mutes1 discas4 ,,elev5? ,,figure4 ,! ,ionick ,p$e/al1 & ! ,way to %un ano!r ,difficulty 9 ! ,elevations4 ,9 ,elevations ( ! ,pr(ile 9 ,p]spective1 x may sometimes happ51 t ! ,visual ,,lk may be s direct1 z to r5d] ! ,pr(ile ,b too close & n>r[2 :]e=e prolong+ ! ,gr\nd-l9e f ,l to ,m1 make ! ,visual ,,mn1 :i* be+ mu* m oblique1 does consequ5tly r5d] ! ,pr(ile ,c m broad & di/9ct4 ,& obs]ve1 t ?is ,difficulty w v (t5 occur2 especially 9 ,figures t h _m ,l9es1 z ! ,=ty-second ,figure has1 :]e ,i speak also ( ! mann] ( avoid+ ! same4 ,nor let x tr\ble y1 t 9 ?is ,figure ,i h plac'd ! horizontal ,l9e bel[ ! ,gr\nd-l9e2 :i* ,i h done1 t y might see _! diff]5t ,effects1 & by *ang+ ! ,disposition ( y\r ,designs1 improve & le>n4 ,,figura ,,duodecima4 ,/ylobata ,cor9?ius cum suis pilis4 ,fecisse septimam figuram magno tibi docum5to erit ad con/ru5dum1 divid5dum /ylobatam ,a1 ve/igium ,b2 cum nihil add]e debeas prt] pilas ,c cum coronice1 qu duo lat]a ambit4 ,optic hoc ve/igium del9eabis 9 ,d1 qu del9eatio di/9ctior e/1 quia inf]is duxi l9eam plani2 di/9ctior etiam e/ sectio ,e1 cum elongav]im visualem ,,fg4 ,sic semp] agam1 ut detur locus figur adumbrat1 ut etiam videas p]p5dicul>es /ylobat adumbrati cad]e sup] angulos ve/igii1 l9eas planas incid]e diametro sup] angulos sectionis ,e4 ,it]m lib5t] moneo1 ut facias supradictas prp>ationes 9 *>tulis sep>atis1 ut initio assuescas transf]5dis figuris nitidis circ9o2 facile enim tibi po/ea erit integras ma*9as ,p]spectiv jucundioris del9e>e1 ut videbis3 9 hoc enim tota regul hujusce1 totius op]is facilitas sita e/4 ,,twelf? ,,figure4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,p$e/al1 ) its ,pila/]s4 ,! ,p]=mance ( ! ,sev5? ,figure w be a great ,assi/ance to y1 9 ! ,con/ruction & ,division ( ?is ,p$e/al ,a1 & ! ,plan ,b2 s9ce y h no?+ m to add "h1 b ! ,pila/]s ,c1 & ! ,m\ld+s :i* surr\nd ! two ,sides4 ,?is ,plan is put 9 ,p]spective 9 ,d1 & becomes m di/9ct by my s9k+ ! ,gr\nd-l9e l[]2 & ! ,pr(ile ,e is also m di/9ct by ! ,removal ( ! ,visual ,,fg1 z m5tion'd 9 ! =ego+ ,*apt]4 ,?is ,i %all always d1 t !re may rema9 ,room = ! %ad['d ,figure1 & t y may also see t ! ,p]p5dicul>s ( ! %ad$ ,p$e/al fall directly ^u ! ,angles ( ! ,plan1 & t ! level ,l9es directly answ] ! ,angles ( ! ,pr(ile ,e4 ,i repeat my ,advice1 t y w\ld make ! =esaid ,prep>ations on sev]al ,pap]s1 & accu/om y\rself at ! beg9n+ to take (f ! f9i%'d ,figures ) ! ,compasses2 = x w become v easy to y aft]w>d1 to design entire ,ma*9es ( delightful ,p]spectives1 z y'll see h]eaft]4 ,& inde$ 9 ?is ,practice1 ! ,facility ( ?is ,rule1 & ( all t foll[s 9 ?is ,"w1 does *iefly consi/4 ,respondetur objectioni fact circa punctum oculi opticum4 ,non omnium s5sus e/1 uni optico op]i unicum tantm punctum assign>e1 e4 g4 toti spatio =nicis1 ?oli1 tribun1 quam vocant1 express 9 figura nonagesimat]tia1 nolunt conc$i unicum punctum1 volunt conc$i plura4 ,respondeo1 objectionem hanc duplicit] intelligi posse3 vel enim intelligi posset1 non esse assign&um unicum punctum toti illi spatio2 atque 9 hoc s5su v]a e/2 cum enim spatium illud valde oblongum sit1 dividi debuit 9 p>tes1 atque assign&a tribun1 quam dicunt1 ?olo1 =nici1 propria puncta2 cum hoc communit] doceant1 ubi situs nimium e/ longus1 p>m altus4 ,vel pote/ intelligi de qualibet ex dictis p>tibus1 sic intellecta p5its falsa e/4 ,prim1 quia pr/antiores =nices aul>um1 templorum1 qui optico artificio ornati s9t1 si unicum opus r$dunt1 suismet au?oribus det]m9atum idemque unicum punctum accepisse comp]tum e/4 ,secund1 quia cum ars optica sit m]a v]i fictio1 non id pictor fac]e pote/1 ut qualibet p>te simulet v]itatem1 v]m ab uno det]m9ato puncto id o/5dit4 ,t]ti1 quia si1 e4 g4 =nici1 qui uno integroque optico op]e ornetur1 plura puncta assignav]is1 nullum rep]ies locum1 unde integrum opus spect>e possis1 ad summum ex quolibet puncto tantm p>tem illius spectabis1 nusquam v] totum opus4 ,ex dictis igitur rationibus concludo ab induc5tibus plura puncta 9 eodem op]e induci malum majus eo1 quod unicum punctum inducit2 qu>e hoc omn9o necess>ium e/ situi 9 quo unicum opus =m&um sit1 ad quod collim>e debeant ex omni op]is p>te figur simul ar*itectura4 ,quo posito1 neg>i rationabilit] nequit1 me etiam conc$i unicum punctum spect&o =nici amplo1 aptoque ad reprs5t&um unicum opus1 qualis e/ =nix 9 ,d4 ,ignatii templo4 ,si v] propt] situm irregul>em1 ut dicimus1 ar*itectura extra punctum aliquantulum de=metur1 figur p>it] op]i optico int]mixt extra commune punctum aliquam pati5tur de=mitatem1 prt]quam quod supradictis rationibus excusatur1 nequaquam id vitio arti e/1 s$ laudi2 qu&oquidem ars suo puncto exhibet1 proportione posit1 ut rectum1 ut planum1 ut concavum1 id quod tale non e/4 ,an ,answ] to ! ,objection made ab\t ! ,po9t ( ,sight 9 ,p]spective4 ,e "o does n approve1 t 9 a ,p]spective ( great ,ext5t "o ,po9t ( ,sight only %\ld be assign'd ! :ole ,"w2 z = ,example1 ,9 ! :ole ,l5g? ( ! ,nave1 ,cupola1 & ,tribune1 express'd 9 ! ,n9ety-?ird ,figure1 !y w by no means all[ ( "o s+le ,po9t1 b insi/ ^u sev]al4 ,i answ]1 ,?is ,objection may be und]/ood two ways2 ei!r t "o ,po9t alone is n suffici5t = t :ole ,l5g?1 & 9 ?is s5se 'tis true2 = t ,space be+ v long1 x ought to be divid$ into ,p>ts1 & prop] ,po9ts assign'd to ! ,tribune1 ,cupola1 & ,vault ( ! ,nave2 z is commonly taught1 :]e ! ,situation is ( a great ,l5g?1 & n v high4 ,or x may be und]/ood ( any ,"o ( ! said ,p>ts1 & s is altoge!r false4 ,fir/1 ,because 9 ! ,vaults ( ,halls or ,*ur*es pa9t$ by ! greate/ ,ma/]s1 if !y consi/ ( "o ,piece only1 we f9d b "o ,po9t ( ,sight assign'd4 ,secondly1 ,s9ce ,p]spective is b a ,c\nt]feit+ ( ! ,tru?1 ! ,pa9t] is n oblig'd to make x appe> real :5 se5 f ,any "p1 b f ,"o det]m9ate ,po9t only4 ,?irdly1 ,because1 if 9 a ,vault1 = ,example1 :]e y w\ld pa9t "o entire ,design ( ,ar*itecture & ,figures1 y assign sev]al ,po9ts ( ,sight1 y w f9d no place :5ce y may take a p]fect ,view ( ! ,:ole1 & at be/ y c only view ea* ,"p f its prop] ,po9t4 ,f all :i* ,reasons ,i conclude1 t ! ,introduction ( _m ,po9ts into ! same ,piece1 is m injuri\s to ! ,"w1 ?an mak+ use ( "o only3 ,:]e=e 'tis absolutely necess>y 9 a regul> ,situation1 & :]e ! ,"w is all ( a piece1 s to place ! same1 z t ! ,figures & ,ar*itecture may f e "p ( ! ,design h respect !reto4 ,?is suppos'd1 ,i confess t ,i myself make use ( "o ,po9t ( ,sight only1 9 v l>ge ,vaults t consi/ ( "o ,design1 su* z t ( ! ,nave ( ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,ignatius4 ,if !re=e ?r\gh ! ,irregul>ity ( ! ,place1 ! ,ar*itecture appe> ) "s ,de=mity1 & ! ,figures int]mix'd !re) seem any ?+ lame & imp]fect :5 view'd out ( ! prop] ,po9t1 besides ! ,reasons j n[ giv51 x's s f> f be+ a ,fault1 t ,i look ^u x z an ,excell5cy 9 ! ,"w1 t :5 view'd f ! ,po9t det]m9'd1 x appe>1 ) due ,proportion1 /reight1 flat1 or concave2 :5 9 reality x is n s4 ,,index4 ,,fig4 ,,in/rum5ta p>&a1 ,,ut5sils = ,draw+4 ,explicatio l9e>um plani ,i4 ,explication ( ! ,l9es ( horizontis1 ac punctorum ! ,plan & ,horizon1 & ( oculi di/anti1 ! ,po9ts ( ! ,eye & ( ! ,di/ance4 ,modus del9e&i optic ,,ii4 ,! ,mann] ( del9eat+ a quadratum1 ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica del9eatio ,,iii4 ,! ,del9eation ( an oblong rectanguli1 alt] p>te ,squ>e 9 ,p]spective4 longioris1 ,optica descriptio quadrati ,,iv4 ,! ,optical ,del9eation ( a duplicis1 d\ble ,squ>e4 ,ve/igia quadratorum cum ,v4 ,plans ( ,squ>es ) _! elevationibus1 ,elevations4 ,modus optic del9eationis ,,vi4 ,! ,mann] ( design+ 9 absque l9eis occultis1 ,p]spective )\t occult ,l9es4 ,aliud exemplum ve/igii ,,vii4 ,ano!r ,example ( a geometrici1 cum elevatione ,geometrical ,plan & ,upright longitud9is1 put into ,p]spective4 ,optica projectio /ylobat1 ,,viii4 ,! ,projection ( a ,p$e/al 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica del9eatio ,,ix4 ,! ,ar*itecture ( ,vignola ,ar*itectur ,jacobi 9 ,p]spective1 & fir/ ( ,b>ozzii1 primum de 8 ,p$e/al ( ! ,tuscan /ylobata ,ord9is ,etrusci1 ,ord]4 ,optica de=matio /ylobat ,x4 ,a ,dorick ,p$e/al 9 ,dorici2 ubi de modo vit&i ,p]spective1 ) ! ,mann] confusionem 9 ve/igiis ( avoid+ ,confusion 9 del9e&is1 design+ ! ,plans4 ,/ylobat ,ionici ,,xi4 ,! ,ionick ,p$e/al 9 de=matio2 ubi de vit&a ,p]spective1 ) ! ,mann] confusione 9 elevationibus1 ( avoid+ ,confusion 9 ,elevations4 ,de=matio /ylobat ,,xii4 ,! ,cor9?ian ,p$e/al1 ) ,cor9?ii1 cum duabus pilis1 its ,pila/]s1 9 ,p]spective4 ,projectio /ylobat ,ord9is ,,xiii4 ,! ,projection ( a ,p$e/al ,compositi1 ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,de=matio circulorum1 ,,xiv4 ,circles 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica del9eatio column1 ,,xv4 ,a ,column 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica projectio basis ,,xvi4 ,! ,tuscan ,base 9 ,etrusc1 ,p]spective4 ,de=matio basis ,doric1 ,,xvii4 ,! ,dorick ,base 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica del9eatio basis ,,xviii4 ,! ,ionick ,base 9 ,ionic1 ,p]spective4 ,optica imm9utio basis ,,xix4 ,! ,cor9?ian ,base ,cor9?i1 9 ,p]spective4 ,basis ,atticurga optic ,,xx4 ,! ,attick ,base 9 imm9uta1 ,p]spective4 ,optica imm9utio capitelli ,,xxi4 ,! ,tuscan ,capital 9 ,etrusci1 ,p]spective4 ,optica projectio capitelli ,,xxii4 ,! ,projection ( a ,dorici1 ,dorick ,capital 9 ,p]spective4 ,de=matio capitelli ,,xxiii4 ,! ,ionick ,capital 9 ,ionici1 ,p]spective4 ,optica projectio capitelli ,,xxiv4 ,! ,cor9?ian ,capital 9 ,cor9?ii1 ,p]spective4 ,optica descriptio capitelli ,,xxv4 ,! ,composite ,capital 9 ,compositi1 ,p]spective4 ,de=matio coronicis ,,xxvi4 ,! ,tuscan ,entablature ,etrusc1 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica del9eatio coronicis ,,xxvii4 ,! ,dorick ,entablature ,doric1 9 ,p]spective4 ,prp>atio figur ,,xxviii4 ,prep>atory to ! foll[+ sequ5tis1 ,figure4 ,optica projectio dificii ,,xxix4 ,a ,projection ( ! ,dorick ,dorici1 ,ord] 9 ,p]spective4 ,optica projectio dificii ,,xxx4 ,an ,ionick ,"w 9 ,ionici2 ubi de modo jung5di ,p]spective1 ) ! ,mann] fictum cum v]o1 ( reconcil+ ! fictiti\s to ! solid ,ar*itecture4 ,optica projectio coronicis ,,xxxi4 ,! ,optick ,projection ( a ,cor9?i1 cum capitello ,cor9?ian ,cornice1 ) ! summitate column1 ,capital & "p ( ! ,column4 ,del9eatio geometrica ,,xxxii4 ,! ,geometrical ,design ( a coronicis ,ord9is ,compositi1 ,cornice ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,de=matio coronicis ,,xxxiii4 ,a ,composite ,cornice 9 ,composit1 ,p]spective4 ,prp>atio ad figuram ,,xxxiv4 ,prep>atory to ! trigesimamqu9tam1 ,?irty-fif?4 ,de=matio coronicis ,,xxxv4 ,a ,side-,view ( ! ,composit ad latus inspect1 ,composite ,cornice 9 ,p]spective4 ,prp>atio ad figuram ,,xxxvi4 ,prep>atory to ! trigesimamseptimam1 ,?irty-sev5?4 ,de=matio column ,etrusc1 ,,xxxvii4 ,a ,tuscan ,column 9 ,p]spective4 ,prp>atio ad figuram ,,xxxviii4 ,prep>atory to ! trigesimamnonam1 ,?irty-n9?4 ,de=matio dificii ,dorici1 ,,xxxix4 ,a ,piece ( ,dorick ,ar*itecture 9 ,p]spective4 ,ve/igium geometricum ,,xl4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( a dificii ,ord9is ,dorici1 ,design ( ! ,dorick ,ord]4 ,elevatio geometrica ,,xli4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( dificii ,dorici1 ! =ego+ ,design4 ,modus vit&i confusionem ,,xlii4 ,! ,mann] ( avoid+ 9 contractione ve/igiorum ,confusion 9 r$uc+ ,plans elevationum1 & ,elevations into ,p]spective4 ,contractio ve/igii figur ,,xliii4 ,! ,plan ( ! ,=tie? quadragesim1 ,figure 9 ,p]spective4 ,contractio elevationis ,,xliv4 ,! ,elevation ( ! figur quadragesimprim1 ,=ty-fir/ ,figure 9 ,p]spective4 ,dimidium dificii ,dorici ,,xlv4 ,"o half ( ! ,dorick optic de=mati1 ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,alt]um dimidium ejusdem ,,xlvi4 ,! o!r half ( ! dificii1 same ,design4 ,ve/igia dificii ,ionici1 ,,xlvii4 ,! ,plan ( an ,ionick ,build+4 ,elevatio geometrica ,,xlviii4 ,geometrical ,upright ( ! dificii ,ionici1 =ego+ ,ionick ,design4 ,de=matio elevationis ,,xlix4 ,! ,elevation ( ! ,ionick dificii ,ionici1 ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,ar*itectura ,ionica1 ,l4 ,a ,design ( ,ionick ,ar*itecture4 ,ordo ,cor9?ius1 ,,li4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,del9eatio column spiralis ,,lii4 ,! ,description ( a ,ord9is ,compositi1 wrea?'d ,column ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,ord9es ,ar*itectur ,,liii4 ,a4 ,! ,ord]s ( ,ar*itecture desumpti ex ,palladio tak5 f ,palladio & ,scamozzio1 ,scamozzi4 ,modus triplex del9e&i ,,liii4 ,b4 ,?ree diff]5t ways ( columnas spirales1 del9eat+ wrea?'d ,columns4 ,ve/igia dificii ,ord9is ,,liv4 ,! ,plan ( a ,design ( ! ,cor9?ii1 ,cor9?ian ,ord]4 ,elevatio dificii ,ord9is ,,lv4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ,cor9?ii1 ( a ,cor9?ian ,"w4 ,de=matio ve/igiorum ,,lvi4 ,! ,p]spective-,plans & elevationis dificii ,upright ( ! ,cor9?ian ,cor9?ii1 ,design =ego+4 ,adumbratio figur ,,lvii4 ,! r\gh ,draught ( ! sequ5tis1 foll[+ ,figure4 dificium ,ord9is ,cor9?ii ,,lviii4 ,"p ( an ,octangul> ,"w octangul>e1 ( ! ,cor9?ian ,ord]4 ,ve/igia ,tab]naculi ,,lix4 ,! ,plans ( an ,octangul> octangul>is1 ,tab]nacle4 ,tab]naculum octangul>e1 ,,lx4 ,an ,octangul> ,tab]nacle 9 ,p]spective4 ,modus erig5di ma*9as qu ,,lxi4 ,! ,mann] ( erect+ con/ant pluribus ord9ibus ,ma*9es t consi/ ( tel>iorum1 sev]al ,ranges ( ,frames4 ,de reticul&is tel>iis1 ,,lxii4 ,( mak+ ! ,net-"w on qu reprs5t5t dificia ,frames1 = repres5t+ solida1 ! ,ar*itecture z solid4 ,ve/igia dificii quadrati1 ,,lxiii4 ,! ,plan ( a squ>e ,design4 dificium quadratum1 ,,lxiv4 ,a squ>e ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,ve/igium dificii rotundi ,,lxv4 ,! ,plan ( a ,circul> ,"w optic imm9utum1 9 ,p]spective4 ,projectio dificii rotundi1 ,,lxvi4 ,a ,circul> ,design 9 ,p]spective4 ,ve/igium geometricum1 ac ,,lxvii4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan1 & prima prp>atio ad figuram fir/ ,prep>ation to ! septuagesimamprimam1 ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,elevatio geometrica ,,lxviii4 ,! ,geometrical ,elevation ( ve/igii prc$5tis1 ! =ego+ ,plan1 & secunda prp>atio ad second ,prep>ation to ! figuram septuagesimamprimam1 ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,de=matio ve/igii figur ,,lxix4 ,! ,plan ( ! ,sixty-sev5? sexagesimseptim1 ,figure 9 ,p]spective1 & prp>atio t]tia ad figuram ?ird ,prep>ation to ! septuagesimamprimam1 ,sev5ty-fir/ ,figure4 ,de=matio elevationis ,,lxx4 ,! ,p]spective ( ! figur sexagesimoctav1 ,elevation ( ! ,sixty-eigh? prp>atio qu>ta ad figuram ,figure1 & f\r? ,prep>ation septuagesimamprimam1 to ! ,sev5ty-fir/4 ,!atrum reprs5tans ,,lxxi4 ,a ,!at] repres5t+ ! nuptias ,c ,galil1 ,m>riage ( ,cana 9 con/ructum ,rom anno ,galilee1 erect$ 9 ! #afhe1 9 expositione ,v54 ,jesuits ,*ur* at ,rome1 ,sacram5ti1 9 templo #afhe1 = ! ,solemnity ( ,f>nesiano ,societatis ,jesu1 expos+ ! ,holy ,sacram5t4 ,de !atris sc5icis1 ,,lxxii4 ,( ,sc5es = ! ,/age4 ,aliud ve/igium !atri2 ,,lxxiii4 ,ano!r ,plan ( a ,!at]1 ubi de modo inv5i5di ejus ) ! ,me?od ( f9d+ punctum1 ! ,po9t ( ,sight !re94 ,sectio sc5>um !atri1 ,,lxxiv4 ,! ,section or ,pr(ile ( ,sc5es = ,!at]s4 ,elevatio sc5>um coram ,,lxxv4 ,! ,elevation ( ,sc5es 9 inspect>um2 ubi docetur ,front1 & h[ ! oblique artificium1 ut sc5 obliqu ,sc5es are made to appe> app>eant rect1 direct4 ,modus del9e&i exempl> ,,lxxvi4 ,! ,mann] ( del9eat+ sc5>um1 ! ,designs ( ,sc5es4 ,modus reticul&i ,,lxxvii4 ,! ,mann] ( mak+ ! p+5di sc5as !atri1 ,net-"w or ,squ>es1 & pa9t+ ! ,sc5es ( ,!at]s4 ,de projectionibus ,,lxxviii4 ,( horizontal ,projections4 horizontalibus1 ,projectiones ve/igii ,,lxxix4 ,! ,plan & ,elevation ( elevationis mutuli1 a ,corbel 9 ,p]spective4 ,horizontalis projectio ,,lxxx4 ,! horizontal ,projection mutuli inumbrati1 ( a %ad$ ,corbel4 ,/ylobat ,cor9?ii ,,lxxxi4 ,cor9?ian ,p$e/als 9 horizontalit] contracti1 an horizontal ,p]spective4 ,columna ,cor9?ia ,,lxxxii4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,column 9 horizontalit] de=mata1 horizontal ,p]spective4 ,capitella ,cor9?ia ,,lxxxiii4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,capital 9 horizontalit] contracta1 horizontal ,p]spective4 ,coronix ,cor9?ia1 ,,lxxxiv4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,cornice4 ,coronix ,cor9?ia ,,lxxxv4 ,a ,cor9?ian ,cornice 9 horizontalit] contracta1 horizontal ,p]spective4 ,horizontalis projectio ,,lxxxvi4 ,a ,column 9 horizontal column1 ,p]spective4 ,prp>atio necess>ia ad ,,lxxxvii4 ,! ,prep>ation necess>y to sequ5tem figuram1 ad ! foll[+ ,figure1 & to projectiones horizontales all o!r horizontal 9 laque>ibus vel ,p]spectives1 :e!r on flat te/ud9ibus1 or vault$ ,ceil+s4 ,horizontalis projectio ,,lxxxviii4 ,! horizontal ,projection balu/iorum figur ( ! ,balu/rade ( ! octogesimseptim1 cum ,eighty-sev5? ,figure1 view'd brevi di/antia1 at a small ,di/ance4 ,horizontalis projectio ,,lxxxix4 ,a horizontal ,piece ( ,ar*itectur 9 laque>i ,ar*itecture 9 a squ>e quadrato1 ,ceil+4 ,horizontalis projectio ,,xc4 ,a ,cupola 9 horizontal ?oli1 ,p]spective4 ,?olus figur nonagesim1 ,,xci4 ,! ,cupola ( ,fig4 #ij1 ) cum lum9ibus umbris1 its ,lights & ,%ades4 ,?olus octangul>is1 ,,xcii4 ,an ,octangul> ,cupola4 ,ve/igium templi ,,xciii4 ,! ,geometrical ,plan ( ,s4 ,ludovisiani ,s4 ,ignatii ,ignatius's ,*ur* at ,rome4 alm urbis1 ,or?ographia templi ,,xciv4 ,! ,or?ography ( ,s4 ,ludovisiani1 ,ignatius's ,*ur*4 ,ali prp>ationes ad ,,xcv4 ,o!r ,prep>ations to figuras #ih #ii1 ! #ih? & #ii? ,figures4 ,ali prp>ationes ad ,,xcvi4 ,o!r ,prep>ations to figuras #ih #ii1 ! #ih? & #ii? ,figures4 ,alia prp>atio ad figuras ,,xcvii4 ,ano!r ,prep>ation to ! #ih #ii1 #ih? & #ii? ,figures4 ,quadrans ,ar*itectur ,,xcviii4 ,f\r?-"p ( ! horizontalis 9 =nice1 ,ar*itectonical ,design on ! cum lum9ibus umbris1 ,vault ( ,s4 ,ignatius's ,*ur*1 ) its ,lights & ,%ades4 ,alt] quadrans totius ,,xcix4 ,ano!r ,qu>t] ( ! op]is1 :ole ,design4 ,modus reticulationis ,c4 ,! ,me?od ( draw+ ! faci5d 9 te/ud9ibus1 ,net-"w on ,vaults4 ,,f9is4 ,,subscrib]s4 ,a ,8 ,grace ! ,,duke ( ,s,t4 ,,albans4 ,mr4 ,?o4 ,acres4 ,capt4 ,mat!w ,adams4 ,h54 ,aldri*1 ,,dd4 ,,dc4,c4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,alle9e ,writ+ ,mr4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,all+ham1 ,tea*] ( ,ma!mat4 ,*anel-,r[-,we/mr4 ,james ,&]son1 ,writ] to ,h] ,matys ,signet1 ,reg4 ,scot4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,&rews1 ,lett]-,f\nd]4 ,?o4 ,atk9son1 ,g5t4 ,j4 ,aislabie1 ,esqr4 ,b ,mr4 ,r4 ,bak]1 ,tea*] ( ,ma!mat4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,bankes4 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,bankes4 ,mr4 ,john ,b>nes1 ,booksell]4 ,mr4 ,*r4 ,bateman1 ,booksell]4 ,all5 ,ba?ur/1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,b5j4 ,be>dwell1 ,pr9t]4 ,8 ,grace ! ,,duke ( ,,beau=t4 ,! ,honble4 ! ,lady ,m>y ,b]tie4 ,mr4 ,philip ,bi%op1 ,booksell]1 ,exon4 ,mr4 ,saml4 du ,bois4 ,jon4 ,bridgeman1 ,esq ( ,blodwell ,salop4 ,james ,br\ghton1 ( ,we/mr4 ,g5t4 ,mr4 ,jon4 ,buckl]1 = ! ,ma!mat4 ,soc4 ,jones ,c(fee-h\se ,f9*-lane4 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,but*]1 ,c>p5t]1 ,ri*mond4 ,mr4 ,jon4 ,br[n1 ,cl4 ( ! ,works at ,w9dsr4 ,f]d4 ,buss1 ,c>pr4 ,c ,mr4 ,*r4 ,cass4 ,john ,*ur*ill1 ,esq1 ,mr4 ,c>p5t]1 to ,h] ,,ma,,ty4 ,mr4 ,robt4 ,*ur*ill1 ,mason4 ,mr4 ,?o4 ,*ur*ill ,bricklay] ,we/m4 ,edwd4 ,coke1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,coll9s ,mason4 ,! ,rt4 ,honble4 ,! ,l,d ,,con+sby4 ,mr4 ,ri*d4 ,cony]s4 ,8 ,excell4 ,fr4 ,corn>o1 ,v5etian ,amb4 ,w4 ,c[p]1 ,surgeon4 ,john ,crau=d1 ,esq4 ,?o4 ,curtis1 ,joyn]4 ,d ,! ,rt4 ,honble4 ,! ,,e>l ( ,,d5bigh4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,delafaye4 ,edmund ,dumm]1 ,esq4 ,mr4 ,john ,d[l+1 ,pa9t]4 ,e ,mr4 ,talbot ,edw>ds1 ,eng9e] to ,h] ,,ma,,ty4 ,mr4 ,john ,ellis1 ,com4 ,braz5-,nose-,coll4 ,oxon4 ,mr4 ,emmet4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,+li%1 ,comptll4 ( ,h] ,,ma,,ties4 ,royal ,hospl4 at ,*elsea4 ,! 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