,,kultur ,,in ,,cartoons ,,kultur ,,in ,,cartoons ,,by ,,louis ,,raemaekers ,,with ,,accompanying ,,notes ,,by ,,well-,,known ,,english ,,writers ,a ,companion ,volume to 8,raemaekers' ,cartoons0 ,published #aiaf1 and now issued by ,the ,century ,co4 ,illustration ,,new ,,york ,,the ,,century ,,co4 #aiag ,copyright1 #aiag1 by ,,the ,,century ,,co4 ,published ,october #aiag ,publishers' ,announcement ,purchasers of 8,kultur in ,cartoons0 may be interested to know that this present work is a companion volume to 8,raemaekers' ,cartoons10 issued in #aiaf4 8,raemaekers' ,cartoons0 includes many of the artist's earlier work1 dealing particularly with the ,belgian inferno4 ,the two volumes are alike in size and form1 and together constitute a thoroughly representative collection of ,raemaekers' drawings4 ,,the ,,century ,,co4 ,foreword ,,by ,j4 ,,murray ,,allison ,a year has passed since the first volume of ,raemaekers' work 78,raemaekers' ,cartoons10 ,century ,co471 was published in the ,united ,states4 ,at that time ,raemaekers was practically unknown in this country1 just as he was unknown in ,england and ,france until ,january1 #aiaf1 when his work was first exhibited in the ,british ,capital4 ,the story of ,raemaekers' reception in ,london and ,paris has been written in the introduction to 8,raemaekers' ,cartoons40 ,when his cartoons began to reach ,america toward the end of #aiaf this country was neutral4 ,it is with peculiar satisfaction1 therefore1 that ,i base this brief foreword upon press extracts published prior to ,america's participation in the war4 ,if it were possible to discover to-day an individual who was entirely ignorant as to the causes and conduct of the war1 he would1 after an inspection of a hundred or more of these cartoons1 probably utter his conviction somewhat as follows3 8,i do not believe that these drawings have the slightest relation to the truth2 ,i do not believe that it is possible for such things to happen in the twentieth century40 ,he would be quite justified1 in his ignorance of what has happened in ,europe1 in expressing such an opinion1 just as any of us1 with the possible exception of the disciples of ,bernhardi himself1 would have been justified in expressing a similar view in ,july1 #aiad4 ,what is the view of all informed people to-day8 8,to ,raemaekers the war is not a topic1 or a subject for charity4 ,it is a vivid heartrending reality10 says the ,new ,york 8,evening ,post10 8and you come away from the rooms where his cartoons now hang so aware of what war is that mental neutrality is for you a horror4 ,if you have slackened in your determination to find out1 these cartoons are a slap in the face4 ,raemaekers drives home a universal point that concerns not merely ,germans1 but every country where royal decrees have supreme power4 ,shall one man ever be given the power to seek his ends1 using the people as his pawns8 ,we cannot look at the cartoons and remain in ignorance of exactly what is the basis of truth on which they are built40 ,the 8,philadelphia ,american0 likens ,raemaekers to a sensitized plate upon which the spirit which brought on the war has imprinted itself forever1 and adds3 8,what he gives out on that subject is as pitilessly true as a photograph4 ,they look down upon us in their naked truth1 those pictures which are to be1 before the judgment-seat of history1 the last indictment of the ,german nation4 ,of all impressions1 there is one which will hold you in its inexorable grip3 it is that ,louis ,raemaekers has told you the truth40 ,this aspect of his appeal is insisted upon by 8,vanity ,fair10 thus3 8,that each cartoon is a grim1 merciless portrayal of the truth will be apparent to even the meanest intelligence40 ,the same journal refers to the almost uncanny power of prophecy suggested by many of the pictures4 8,that they are conceived in a mighty brain and drawn by a skilled hand will be recognized by a sophisticated minority4 ,but only those capable of deeper probing will see that each one is in itself an elemental drama of compelling significance and power1 heightened in many cases by prophecy and suggestion40 ,the 8,philadelphia ,public ,ledger0 refers particularly to ,raemaekers' prophetic instinct4 8,here1 indeed1 is revealed the work not only of one who has the artistic imagination to pictorialize the savagery of the ,kaiser and his obedient servants1 and to caricature in a manner that leaves nothing unsaid in the way of sinister presentation of evil things1 but the work of one who is distinctly a seer4 ,moreover1 the cartoons have been verified by subsequent events1 though they seemed to some at the time to be the bitter and ironical casual comment on things most believed could never happen to modern civilization1 and have that insight that only a special inspiration and inner illumination could give40 ,it is this obvious sincerity1 this conviction on the part of the beholder that ,raemaekers is telling the simple truth and telling it simply that gives his work its greatest value as a revelation of the ,german purpose1 and as an indictment of ,german methods of warfare and the ,german practice of statecraft4 ,the 8,louisville ,herald0 finds it 8impossible to do justice to these remarkable drawings1 this terrific gallery1 impossible to estimate at this distance the power and pressure of the indictment10 while the 8,baltimore ,sun0 goes so far as to claim that 8no orator in any tongue has so stirred the human soul to unspeakable pity and implacable wrath as this ,dutch artist in the universal language which his pencil knows how to speak4 ,those who have forgotten the ,lusitania and the innumerable tragedies in ,belgium should avoid ,raemaekers4 ,they who look at his work can never forget1 can never wholly forgive40 ,the 8,washington ,star0 thinks that his cartoons should not be taken merely as dealing with events of the conflict1 8but with principles40 ,the writer proceeds3 8,to ,germany and to ,austria is upheld a mirror in which are reflected those crimes for which neither will be able to make full redress4 ,there is no touch of vulgarity or hatred in his work1 save that which comes from righteous indignation against foul crimes and the vulgarity of the thing itself40 ,in appraising the value of ,raemaekers' cartoons purely as political documents1 as historic records of crimes and barbarities which the civilized world must not be permitted to forget lest the horrors of the past three years descend upon us again1 their purely artistic appeal is frequently ignored or forgotten1 but not always4 8,raemaekers is an artist10 says the 8,boston ,globe40 8,he tells his story simply1 eliminates all unnecessary detail1 knows the dramatic value of light and shade1 and draws a single figure cartoon with as much impressive suggestiveness as he does a crowd40 ,the 8,providence ,journal0 acclaims him as a great artist to whose hand has been given the touch of immortality4 8,like many geniuses10 continues the 8,journal10 8this ,dutch artist awaited the occasion in human affairs to awaken the power which he may not even have been aware of possessing4 ,it took a titanic force to stir his conscience and that conscience1 once stirred1 leaped into aspiring activity to the service of mankind40 ,particular stress is laid by the 8,boston ,transcript0 on the artistic merit of the drawings4 ,comparing him to ,honor ,daumier1 the great ,french cartoonist of the ,franco-,prussian ,war1 the 8,post0 is of opinion that ,raemaekers is the one artistic personality whose genius has been developed by the stimulus of the war4 8,if the measure of the influence wielded by a cartoonist is the extent and intensity of emotion aroused by his work1 then possibly there has never been a cartoonist in the history of the world who can have compared with ,raemaekers4 ,the inspiration of his pictorial polemics is a hearty and profound and righteous indignation1 a motive which is of first-rate artistic worth1 and which is shared by all the civilized world4 ,what strikes the mind in looking upon these cartoons is the ,dantesque quality of the artist's passion and imagination40 ,the 8,transcript0 concludes a remarkable appreciation of the cartoons with the following words3 8,he guides the spirit and the conscience of the world to-day through an inferno of wrong40 ,list of ,cartoons ,,page ,,the ,,zeppelin ,,raider #b ,,the ,,exhumation ,,of ,,the ,,martyrs ,,of ,,aerschot #d ,,the ,,old ,,serb #f ,,the 8,,lusitania0 ,,nightmare #h 8,,fancy1 ,,how ,,nice60 #aj ,,the ,,laodiceans #ab 8,a ,,pitiful ,,exodus0 #ad 8,,death ,,the ,,friend0 #af ,a ,,higher ,,pile #ah ,,peace ,,reigns ,,at ,,dinant #bj ,,humanity vs4 ,,kultur #bb ,,the ,,bill #bd 8,,you ,,need ,,not ,,storm ,,this ,,place0 #bf ,,hohenzollern ,,madness #bh 8,,my ,,master ,,asks ,,you ,,to ,,look ,,after ,,these ,,doves0 #cj ,,famine ,,in ,,belgium #cb ,,poor ,,old ,,thing #cd ,,germany ,,and ,,the ,,neutrals #cf ,,those ,,horrible ,,britons #ch ,,dr4 ,,kuyper ,,to ,,germany #dj ,,the ,,kaiser',s ,,diplomacy #db ,,cain #dd ,,the ,,counter-,,attack ,,at ,,douaumont #df ,,the ,,morning ,,paper #dh 8,,and ,,such ,a ,,brave ,,zepp ,,he ,,was0 #ej ,,flying ,,over ,,holland #eb 8,,if ,,they ,,don',t ,,increase ,,their ,,army0 #ed ,,religion ,,and ,,patriotism #ef ,,the ,,prisoners #eh 8,,well1 ,,my ,,friend0 #fj 8,,how ,,quiet ,,it ,,must ,,be ,,in ,,the ,,english ,,harbors ,,blockaded ,,by ,,our ,,fleet0 #fb ,,the ,,brigands #fd ,,it ,,looks ,,so ,,in ,,serbia #ff ,,victory ,,by ,,imposture #fh ,,shell-,,making #gj ,,another ,,australian ,,success #gb ,,the ,,sea ,,the ,,path ,,of ,,victory #gd ,,balaam ,,and ,,his ,,ass #gf ,a ,,genuine ,,dutchman #gh ,,another ,,victory ,,for ,,the ,,germans #hj ,,submarine 8,,bags0 #hb ,,within ,,the ,,pincers #hd ,,german ,,poison #hf ,,the ,,organization ,,of ,,victory ,,by ,,imposture #hh ,,wittenberg #ij ,,the ,,broken ,,alliance #ib ,,the ,,shower-,,bath #id ,,the ,,anniversary ,,bouquet #if ,,the ,,stranded ,,submarine #ih ,,herod',s ,,nightmare #ajj 8,,my ,,beloved ,,people0 #ajb ,,on ,,their ,,way ,,to ,,verdun #ajd ,,bethmann-,,hollweg',s ,,peace ,,song #ajf ,a ,,german 8,,victory0 #ajh 8,,waiting0 #aaj ,,the ,,kaiser ,,as ,a ,,diplomatist #aab ,,hun ,,hypocrisy #aad ,,the ,,prussian ,,guard #aaf ,,greek ,,treachery #aah ,,the ,,world',s ,,judgment ,,seat #abj ,,the ,,kaiser',s ,,cry ,,for ,,peace #abb ,,tit ,,for ,,tat #abd ,,forced ,,labor ,,in ,,germany #abf ,,the ,,fall ,,of ,,the ,,child-,,slayer #abh ,,the ,,climber #acj ,,culture ,,at ,,wittenberg #acb ,,the 8,,civilians0 #acd ,,two ,,peals ,,of ,,thunder #acf ,a ,,universal ,,conscience #ach ,,joan ,,of ,,arc ,,and ,,st4 ,,george #adj ,,the ,,bringers ,,of ,,happiness #adb ,,the ,,old ,,poilu #add ,,humanity ,,torpedoed #adf ,,the ,,super-,,hooligans #adh ,,before ,,the ,,fall #aej ,,the ,,shirkers #aeb ,,for ,,merit #aed ,,duty vs4 ,,militarism #aef ,,the ,,troubadour #aeh ,,see ,,the ,,conquering ,,hero ,,comes #afj ,,belgium #afb ,,the ,,giant',s ,,task #afd 8,i ,,must ,,have ,,something ,,for ,,my ,,trouble0 #aff 8,,cinema ,,chocolate0 #afh ,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,expediency #agj ,,murder ,,on ,,the ,,high ,,seas #agb ,,pounding ,,austria #agd ,,durchhalten--8,,hold ,,out0 #agf ,,the ,,satyr ,,of ,,the ,,sea #agh ,,war ,,council ,,with ,,ferdinand ,,and ,,enver ,,pasha #ahj ,,the ,,burial ,,of ,,private ,,walker #ahb ,,the ,,supreme ,,effort #ahd 8,,wer ,,reitet ,,so ,,sp,t ,,durch ,,nacht ,,und ,,wind8 ,,das ,,ist ,,der ,,vater ,,mit ,,seinem ,,kind0 #ahf ,,the ,,voices ,,of ,,the ,,guns #ahh ,,the ,,death',s-,,head ,,hussar #aij ,,the 8,,franc-,,tireur0 ,,excuse #aib ,,the ,,entry ,,into ,,constantinople #aid 8,,come ,,away1 ,,my ,,dear60 #aif ,,the 8,,harmless0 ,,german #aih ,,the ,,propagandist ,,in ,,holland #bjj ,,tetanus #bjb ,,shakspere',s ,,tercentenary #bjd ,,nobody ,,sees ,,me #bjf ,,the ,,orient ,,express #bjh ,,the ,,bloomersdyk #baj ,,the 8,u0 ,,boats ,,off ,,the ,,american ,,coast #bab ,,to ,,the ,,peace ,,woman #bad ,,the ,,wolf ,,bleats #baf ,,strict ,,neutrality #bah ,kultur in ,cartoons ,the ,zeppelin ,raider ,this cartoon is not in the least allegorical1 and it is far less terrible than the reality4 ,for the simple reason is that children torn to pieces by high explosives are far more horrible to look at than children with their throats cut4 ,had these blood cartoons of ,raemaekers been published in the spring of #aiad1 the artist would have been considered a maniac4 ,but in the spring of #aiaf we know him to be a man portraying the truth1 giving us the doings of the ,german ,emperor and his satellites in colored pictures1 and a very mild interpretation of them at that4 ,for it is a fact that no man could bear to look at or consider the real truth of what ,william of ,germany has done through the hands of others1 of the horrors that he has committed against women who cannot here accuse him1 against children of whose very names he knows nothing4 ,but their accusations are heard and their names remembered by those whose eternal business it is to hear and record1 and the silence of those civilized nations who have said nothing before the doings of the infamous ,one has spoken where silence is heard as well as speech4 ,just as ,st4 ,paul stood by in silence at the martyrdom of ,st4 ,stephen1 so have they stood at the martyrdom of these ,innocents1 and just as he uttered that lamentable cry in the ,temple of ,jerusalem1 so will they cry in his very words1 but without his justification of holiness3 8,i stood by and consented40 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration ,the ,exhumation of the ,martyrs of ,aerschot ,read here a few sentences from the sworn and sifted testimony of witnesses who saw what happened at ,aerschot in ,august1 #aiad4 8,when the war broke out a ,german whom ,i knew well by sight had been living at ,aerschot some three years4 ,he had no apparent occupation1 but lived on his means in a small house4 ,occasionally he was away for some time4 ,on the outbreak of war he was expelled from ,belgium4 ,he came back with the ,german troops and pointed out to them all houses and other property belonging to the burgomaster1 and the ,germans destroyed it all4 ,many civilians in ,aerschot were killed by the ,germans4 ,i myself saw some forty dead bodies1 including three women4 ,they had been shot4444 ,in one house the wife of a man whom ,i know well was burned alive4 ,her husband broke both legs while attempting to rescue her4444 ,the ,germans with their rifles prevented anyone going to help this man1 and he had to drag himself along the street1 with his legs broken1 as best he could44440 8,i saw some ,german infantry soldiers kill with bayonets two women who were standing on their doorsteps44440 8,there we saw a whole street burning4444 ,we heard children and beasts crying in the flames40 8,the ,germans deliberately fired beyond us at four women1 a child of #aa or #ab years of age1 an infant of six months 7about7 and four other children who were clinging to their mothers' skirts4 ,the infant was in its mother's arms1 and was riddled with shot1 which passed through it into the mother's body4 ,while she was trying to crawl into safety on her knees the ,germans still fired at her until she died40 8,i saw the body of a little boy about #f or #g years of age1 with four bayonet wounds in it4 ,it was stiff and propped against a wall40 8,the first thing we saw was the body of a young girl of about #ah to #bj1 absolutely naked1 with her abdomen cut open4 ,her body was also covered with bruises4444 ,about a kilometer farther on ,i saw the body of a little boy1 aged #h or #i1 with his head completely cut off4 ,the head was some distance from the trunk40 ,these simple phrases1 and hundreds more like them1 plain to read in the book of evidence1 make a better commentary than any ,i could write on this drawing4 ,there are1 indeed1 many passages more terrible1 such as the tale of the unspeakable treatment of the priest1 dragged into ,aerschot from the neighboring village of ,gelrode4 ,and ,i turn from reading such things to an ,english newspaper1 wherein is the report of the speech of a person at a great gathering of people interested in coperative trading--a person who hopes1 after the war1 to 8take by the hand0 the creatures guilty of these infamies4 ,it has been my experience to know many sad blackguards in the worst parts of ,london1 but ,i cannot remember one who could fall as low as that4 ,to find such we must search the smuggeries and the priggeries and the ,fellowships of ,reconciliation4 ,,arthur ,,morrison4 ,illustration ,the ,old ,serb ,the calculated brutality of ,german and ,austrian 8frightfulness10 its cowardice and cold-blooded evil1 are already familiar to all impartial students of ,teutonic warfare4 ,but a ,nation that has consented to its own slavery cannot value freedom1 or be supposed to respect the life or liberty of the innocent and weak4 ,with her neck under ,prussia's heel1 tamed ,germany strives in word and deed to reflect the spirit of her masters1 and so far succeeds that she can contemplate the atrocities of this war with satisfaction1 and from pulpit1 school1 and press applaud each new manifestation in turn4 ,blind obedience to command has brought the ,germans to a state where even their thinking is done for them2 they grovel before the brute power that drives them and kiss and sanctify the bloody hands that hold the whip4 ,luther said the justification of liberty was that man could only truly serve ,god and his fellow-man if freedom of choice of means were permitted to him4 ,the ,german of to-day relinquishes that freedom and is content to be herded under a political system that denies him his independent manhood4 ,he sacrifices responsibility and liberty alike to a race which he still suffers to inherit the privilege of directing his ,state2 he prostitutes his own reasoning faculties and ignores the evolution of morals by applauding ,prussia's reactionary ideals at the expense of every modern movement for the progress of humanity4 ,he knows the right and does the wrong--a willing slave to an archaic autocracy4 ,thus servile obedience to physical power is the noblest principle that ,united ,germany has yet attained1 and the consequences permeate the people in a spiritual indifference to elementary honor displayed alike on her battlefields and in her council chambers4 ,the lie is accepted as her first diplomatic weapon2 8frightfulness0 is developed as an invaluable ally of conquest2 cruelty and treachery are praised by the scholar and pastor1 practised as a matter of course by the soldier and politician4 ,none sees what dishonor is thus heaped upon his country and how her history has been defiled by this generation on the precepts of the last4 ,ignoring1 as she always does1 every contact with other cultures1 ,germany1 out of a congenital megalomania1 has evolved her own2 and in her eyes it is no doubt as beautiful and precious as the ugly treasure of the child in the perambulator1 who discards the most delightful modern toys for its own battered and hideous doll4 ,in this regard she is indeed still a child2 but a study of comparative cultures1 following upon the destruction of her present rulers and their doctrine of force1 should create a larger-minded nation wherein the civilized concepts of older ,states shall find recognition4 8,until that final consummation10 as ,francis ,stopford has well said1 8,europe dare not rest secure1 and the horrors of ,belgium and ,serbia will be repeated for the next generation if ,germany be left the freedom to restablish her might and to reorganize the life of her peoples with the sole object of crushing her neighbors at the first favorable opportunity40 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the 8,lusitania0 ,nightmare ,though a year and more has passed since the great tragedy of the ,lusitania1 and many evil things have been done since that day by the enemy who strikes at rooted principles of civilization1 yet by reason of its magnitude and its utter disregard of the elementary principles of humanity the memory of this deed is still alive in the minds of men4 ,this 8nightmare0 that ,raemaekers pictures was no dream fancy1 but a reality2 men and women walked along the rows of corpses laid out in the sheds1 searching for that which they dreaded to find4444 8,there is no right but might10 said ,germany in that act1 8and there is no law in the exercise of might40 ,men1 women1 and children alike of this perverted nation were bidden to rejoice over the sinking of the vessel--the fact cannot be too often stated or too fully kept in mind1 more especially now that the fabric whence that doctrine of unguided force has emanated is crumbling under the blows of the ,allied armies4 ,for in the day of peace will be found many who will merit ,achan's fate through following ,achan's way1 careless of the rows of little corpses that lay out for indentification after the sinking of the ,lusitania--careless of all but the material aspect of the settlement that must be made when the military power of this present ,germany is crushed4 ,if it be not crushed beyond the possibility of rising again--if there be any way left by which those who own no law but necessity and expedience may repeat the experiment of these years of war1 then these lives that ended off the ,old ,head of ,kinsale ended in vain1 and their memory is dishonored4 ,with that which caused this nightmare there must be no compromise4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration 8,fancy1 ,how ,nice44440 ,the ethics of war are difficult to reduce to consistent principles4 ,at first sight it does not seem more cruel to asphyxiate your enemy than to blow him to pieces with a land-mine or to turn a machine-gun upon him4 ,nevertheless1 two facts are certain4 ,one is that this very invention was offered to our ,war ,office years ago1 and was rejected as unworthy of a civilized nation4 ,the other is that it is forbidden by ,the ,hague ,convention in a clause accepted by ,germany herself4 ,the adoption1 without warning1 of poisonous gas is perhaps the most shameless of all the treacherous violations of international law which ,germany has committed4 ,it is now known that ,germany had determined1 before hostilities began1 to violate all the laws of war4 ,in the ,official ,german ,war ,book these conventions are referred to only with contempt4 ,to disregard them is what the ,germans call 8absolute war02 and they claim that absolute war is the only logical kind of war4 ,in adopting this theory ,germany has fallen far behind barbarism2 for1 cruel as the barbarian often is1 there are always some things which he will not do to his enemy1 some conventions which he will observe1 either from the chivalry which belongs to the character of the genuine fighting man or from fear of ,divine anger1 or from a vague sense of what is due to human beings even when they are enemies4 ,the notion that all moral principles are in abeyance during war is the most revolting doctrine that can be proclaimed4 ,it is disgusting to find that it is openly defended by many of the religious guides of the ,german people1 who profess to speak in the name of ,christianity4 ,such moral obliquity1 one thinks1 can only exist in a nation which does not play games4 ,but perhaps the reason why games are discouraged in ,germany is that they encourage a 8foolish0 sense of honor and chivalry in the serious business of life4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,inge1 ,dean of ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,illustration ,the ,laodiceans 8,thou art neither cold nor hot4 ,i would thou wert cold or hot4444 ,because thou sayest1 ,i am rich and increased with goods1 and have need of nothing4444 ,i counsel thee 444 anoint thine eyes with eye-salve1 that thou mayest see40 ,raemaekers has patience with most things1 but with neutrality he would scorn to be patient4 ,he refuses to parley with it1 even when it waves the colors of his own country in its hand--if it ever does anything so sturdy as to wave colors4 ,these old women are dreadful1 they are almost as terrifying as his ,prussian monsters4 ,the persuasive old fanatic in the foreground arguing the divinity of lukewarmness is dreadful in herself1 and more dreadful still because we all know that she exists1 in belligerent as in neutral countries4 ,and worse1 far worse1 is the granite female with her stone brooch in her marble collar behind her4 ,the others are surprised1 doubtful1 not yet entirely won over to the specious argument2 but the woman behind is a very ,gibraltar of neutrality4 ,seldom1 very seldom1 does ,raemaekers draw dreadful women4 ,his ,germania is a symbol1 not a woman4 ,i can only remember one other cartoon1 a merciless drawing of the ,kaiser and the ,kaiserin1 in which a woman stands for evil4 ,he likes to picture pity and mercy and nobility in the form of women1 and when he wishes to paint sorrow and endurance he gives us such cartoons as those of the mothers and widows of ,belgium4 ,and this makes it the more likely that in these gossiping1 selfish1 silly1 wicked creatures he is drawing a type of mind rather than a type of female4 ,in every country there are 8old women02 but they are not always females4 ,h4 ,,pearl ,,adam4 ,illustration 8,a ,pitiful ,exodus0 ,this is one of ,raemaekers' crowds4 ,he is fond of depicting crowds1 and he is right4 ,he has the art of making them singularly effective4 ,he catches wonderfully both the general impression and the value of a face or figure here and there not violently obtruded but individually appealing4 ,and these crowds are so effective because they are so true4 ,this is a war of crowds4 ,the nations have fought in crowds1 they have suffered in crowds4 8,multitudes--multitudes in the valley of decision0 might be said to be its text4 ,and ,antwerp was ever a place of crowds2 though not1 of course1 like this4 ,who does not know ,antwerp as she was before the war8 ,a great1 buzzing1 thriving hive on the water's edge1 filled with a jolly1 comfortable1 busy bourgeoisie2 medival and modern at once1 with her churches and her quays1 her florid 8,rubenses0 her ,van ,dycks1 her ,teniers1 her ,maison ,plantin1 and all the rest of her past2 her world commerce1 her fortifications of to-day1 deemed impregnable6 ,she had been besieged and fallen before4 ,to-day she fell with scarcely a siege4 ,who was responsible for this fiasco--for the defense which was no defense1 the relief which was no relief8 ,why was the ,naval ,brigade sent there8 ,perhaps we shall know some day1 when ,raemaekers' country is free to set them also free again4 ,what we can know is graphically and terribly told by ,mr4 ,john ,buchan and the witnesses he cites4 ,the highways were black with the panting crowds3 ladies of fashion1 white-haired men and women1 wounded soldiers1 priests old and young1 nuns1 mothers1 daughters1 children4 ,so it was described by one who saw it4 ,more than a quarter of a million of inhabitants left ,antwerp in one day4 ,the world has never before seen such an emptying of a great city4 8,some day10 ,mr4 ,buchan ends1 8when its imagination has grown quicker1 it will find the essence of war not in gallant charges and heroic stands1 but in the pale women dragging their pitiful belongings through the ,belgian fields in the raw ,october night40 ,if anything could further quicken the world's imagination it would be this picture4 ,rubens devised the famous 8pomps0 for the entry of ,ferdinand of ,austria4 ,the ,german entry had no ,rubens4 ,but this miserable pomp1 this 8pitiful exodus10 has found its realistic ,rubens in ,raemaekers4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration 8,death the ,friend0 ,when the white horse rode out to war with the clever1 handsome mountebank in the shining armor astride it 7ignore for the moment the duller fact of an anxious1 field-gray man in a ,benz limousine7 the demigod made1 let us admit it1 a brave show4 ',tis credibly reported that in his company rode his august familiar1 8our old ,god0 in a new mood and a brand new uniform1 8wearing10 in fact1 in the words of a dithyrambic ,teuton1 8the ,death's ,head cap of the ,german ,hussars and carrying a white banner40 ,what that ,other may be assumed to have made of ,dixmude1 ,termonde1 and the ineffable rest of it is for the curious to conjecture3 as also at what exact stage of the swift journeyings back and forth of the tired white horse there came into a mind fed on rich1 fat phrases and meaty metaphors1 and the flattery of astute1 strong men and the dazzling reflections of the imperial cheval glass1 the first doubt as to whether the high approval of that ,other were indeed an objective reality1 or merely a figment of the imagination of an overwrought overman4 ,in any case1 there must soon have dawned an aching wonder as to how the devil the banner could be white4 ,and when was it that in place of that ,other ,rider in the hussar's cap there seemed to be something queer and sinister astride behind him on his battle-weary steed8 ,was it then that he began to whistle so vigorously 7vide ,german ,press passim7 to keep up his spirits8 ,and will there come a time 7has it already come87 when that caressing touch on the shoulder will seem indeed the caress of a friend1 and that gaunt index point to the only peace he will ever know8 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,a ,higher ,pile ,full half a million men1 yet not enough ,to break this township on a winding stream2 ,more yet must fall1 and more1 ere the red stuff ,that built a nation's manhood may redeem ,the ,highest's hopes and fructify his dream4 ,they pave the way to ,verdun2 on their dust ,the ,hohenzollern mount and1 hand in hand1 ,gaze haggard south2 for yet another thrust1 ,and higher hills must heap1 ere they shall stand ,to feed their eyes upon the promised land4 ,one barrow1 borne of women1 lifts them high1 ,piled up of many a thousand human dead4 ,nursed in their mothers' bosoms1 now they lie-- ,a ,golgotha1 all shattered1 torn and sped1 ,a mountain for these royal feet to tread4 ,a ,golgotha1 upon whose carrion clay ,justice of myriad men1 still in the womb1 ,shall heave two crosses2 crucify and flay ,two memories accurs'd2 then in the tomb ,of world-wide execration give them room4 ,verdun6 ,thy name is holy evermore2 ,in thine heroic ruin the nations see ,a monument1 upon whose living shore ,in vain the evil breaks2 we bend the knee1 ,thou symbol of all human liberty4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,peace ,reigns at ,dinant ,the mere human criminal will cover his crime with disguises2 but it may truly be said that the ,prussian has buried even his crime in the evidences of it4 ,he has made massacre itself monotonous2 and made us weary of condemning what he was never weary of carrying out4 ,it is said that ,general ,von der ,goltz1 on receiving complaints of the scarcely human parade of cruelty which accompanied the first entrance into ,belgium1 declared that such first bad impressions of the ,prussian would wear off after his victory in the real campaign2 and that1 as he expressed it1 8,glory will efface all40 ,that sort of glory1 however1 was itself effaced from the ,german prospects as early as the battle of the ,marne2 and we shall never know whether humanity is capable of so vile a forgiveness2 or whether glory will efface all4 ,but there is a real sense in which we may say that infamy has effaced all4 ,in the first stage of the war ,prussia conducted assassination upon the same scale as grand strategy2 and it is as difficult to recall every woman or child whose death was in itself a breach of all international understandings as it is to recall every poor fellow in uniform who has fallen in the open fighting which everyone understands4 ,the pen becomes impotent when it attempts to give life to statistics2 and ,i do not know that anything can come closer to it than the pencil1 when it draws what the artist has drawn here--merely one quiet soldier1 in the corner of one quiet town2 and beyond only the corner of a heap of figures1 which are yet more quiet4 ,g4 ,k4 ,,chesterton4 ,illustration ,humanity v4 ,kultur ,one of the most marked features of ,raemaekers' art is his intense feeling of patriotism4 ,he is proud of his country and of her past history1 and he is resolute to be true to the fame of the ,netherlands in the past and to preserve the freedom which is the heritage of her people4 ,another characteristic is his abhorrence of the prospect of ,german tyranny over his country4 ,he hates that danger1 which must ever be present to the mind of a patriotic ,dutchman4 ,it has been the pressing danger of the country for many years1 and the danger increases and becomes more imminent year by year4 ,he hates that thought1 both because it would put an end to the freedom of his country and because he detests the character of ,germany1 and many of his cartoons express this abhorrence in the extremest form4 ,he loathes the nature and the effects of ,german 8,kultur40 ,both these characteristics are expressed in this cartoon4 ,the ,netherlands is represented as a young ,dutch girl in the national costume1 a working woman wearing apron and cap and big wooden shoes4 ,she has taken off one of the shoes1 holding it ready to strike1 while in a threatening attitude and with flashing eye she faces a hideous hag in dirty1 slovenly attire1 who represents the great enemy4 ,the artist's cartoons vie with one another in the ugliness which is imparted1 sometimes in one way1 sometimes in another1 to the enemy1 but there is none which represents ,prussia in a more detestable form than this4 ,prussia is a drunken woman1 who is just coming out from a public-house1 and is leaning against the door1 hardly able to stagger on4 ,the sign at the door is inscribed in ,german3 8,bierhaus zur ,deutschen ,kultur40 ,prussia shrinks back from the assault which ,holland is threatening4 ,yet the assault is not an armed one2 it is the assault of criticism and righteous indignation1 as uttered in the press and through art4 ,the crown of the empire1 with the iron cross hanging from the apex1 is tumbling off the head of the drunken woman4 ,the right hand1 which she holds up in deprecation1 is dripping with blood4 ,the neck of a large bottle protrudes from a pocket in her dirty and ragged apron on which the bloody mark of a child's hand is imprinted4 ,but with her bloodstained hand ,prussia deprecates the attacks of criticism by the protest3 8,a real lady like me does not do such a thing0--forgetting in her drunken mind that she bears the marks of guilt on her person4 ,she has been indulging in 8,kultur0 until she is in the last stage of intoxication1 barely able to stand upright1 and quite unable to preserve the crown of empire4 ,another characteristic of ,raemaekers is evident3 the perfect1 absolute assurance of victory4 ,there can be no question what the future will be2 the issue of conflict1 either in discussion or in other ways1 between this stalwart young woman and the broken1 drunken wretch cannot be doubted for a moment4 ,the crown is already slipping away1 and no gesture1 no support1 will be in time to keep it in its place4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay4 ,illustration ,the ,bill ,even a dragon's teeth decay ,and then there comes a painful time ,when morsels won't be made away3 ,hence spring this picture and this rhyme ,of dragons rather past their prime4 ,a varied menu spread before ,the hungry ,kaiser and his son1 ,from which the royal epicure ,with other courses chose this one-- ,paris to follow when 'twas done4 ,a dainty dish the waiter thought ,to set before a king1 or clown2 ,yet though they gulped and chewed and fought ,not sire nor son could get it down-- ,this little1 sturdy1 ancient town4 ,and1 what is more1 their appetites1 ,that yesterday were sharp and keen1 ,this wretched dish of ,verdun blights3 ,its toughness they had not foreseen2 ,the cooking's bad1 the inn unclean4 8,my son1 ,i think we'll try elsewhere40 8,right ,o6 dear father1 so we will4 ,i'm spoiling for a change of air4 ,don't let this trifle make you ill3 ,our cannon fodder pay the bill60 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration 8,you need not storm this place0 ,the magnificent imagery of ,isaiah is alone adequate to interpret the artist's picture4 ,the ,german ,kaiser is at the entrance to hell1 on the gloomy portals of which is written the motto3 8,abandon hope all ye who enter here40 ,the devil1 with a ,mephistophelian irony1 tells his captive3 8,you need not storm this place40 ,hell is only too ready to house the great malefactors who have sinned against light and are doomed to torment4 ,it is inevitable to recall the great oracles of ,isaiah on the ,king of ,babylon--that enemy of his race who had enslaved the ,jewish people1 persecuted ,god's elect and led them into captivity4 8,hell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming2 it stirreth up the dead for thee1 even all the chief ones of the earth2 it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations4 ,all they shall speak and say unto thee1 ,art thou also become weak as we8 ,art thou become like unto us8444 ,how art thou fallen from ,heaven1 ,o ,lucifer1 son of the morning6 ,how art thou cast down to the ground1 which didst weaken the nations60 ,but the ,king of ,babylon was received with greater ceremony than falls to the lot of the ,german ,kaiser4 ,to welcome the former the old kings rise from their thrones4 ,wilhelm is led by the devil alone1 and no pomp or circumstance of war surrounds him4 ,his sin is as the sin of those who have believed in their transcendent power and are the victims of megalomania4 ,he1 too1 said in his heart3 8,i will ascend into ,heaven1 ,i will exalt my throne above the stars of ,god1 ,i will be like the ,most ,high40 ,yet thou shalt be brought down to hell1 to the sides of the pit4 ,and the sentence passed on such enemies of the human race is the same which ,isaiah uttered thousands of years ago4 8,is this the man that made the earth to tremble1 that did shake kingdoms2 that made the world as a wilderness and destroyed the cities thereof2 that opened not the house of his prisoners80 ,the very catalogue of offenses is the same4 ,and the penalty is that no such posthumous glory as encircles the monarchs of the past will come to him4 ,he goes down to the stones of the pit1 cast out from all honorable burial1 as 8a carcass trodden underfoot40 ,never did ,raemaekers dip his pen in bitterer gall than when he limned this appalling picture of the fate which awaits a merciless and bloodthirsty tyrant4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney4 ,illustration ,hohenzollern ,madness ,maybe the ,french poet of genius is already born who will sing the ,epic of ,verdun4 ,one thinks of him staring into his mother's face1 and blinking a pair of wondrous brown eyes at the summer sun4 ,france is too near1 too careful and troubled about the present1 too deeply plunged in grief and pain to tell that story with the majestic isolation of genius1 or fling her inspiration wide enough1 as yet1 to catch the significance of this supreme event4 ,marble and bronze will record it1 and imperishable verse--of that we may be sure2 for the nation that has defended ,verdun against the might of ,germany holds the seeds of magistral art4 ,art must spring quickened1 enlarged1 and ennobled from these furnace fires2 and it will happen1 as of old1 that a people great enough to do great deeds lack not for children of genius to record their immortality in achievements themselves immortal4 ,that follows in fullness of time2 for at this moment1 while cannon thunder and men die happy1 with the light of coming victory for a crown1 we may well think of such men alone and pay our homage to the heroes who have saved ,verdun at the cost of their lives4 ,but what of ,germany's sons8 ,what of the thousands who have fallen in fruitless attempts to take the hill of ,dead ,men8 ,it may be ere long that these armies1 driven by whip and revolver from behind1 will wake to the futility of their continued destruction and begin to measure the worth of the royal command still hurling them to death1 that its own wounded vanity and strategical and political incompetence shall find a salve in their sacrifice4 ,raemaekers imagines nothing here1 for his picture is a transcript of familiar truth4 ,death welcomes to its bony bosom the pride of a kingdom1 while the rulers of that kingdom flog their subjects on to the annihilation that awaits them4 ,such forlorn tactics are all that remain to the beggared tyrant and his son4 ,but men are not as corn or the beasts of the field3 this harvest cannot be renewed by the passage of a year2 and when ,death has fed full1 he must wait for another such meal until the boyhood of ,germany has come to man's estate4 ,may the youthful ,teutons with their manhood win sanity also1 and escape forever the slavery that has driven more than half a million of their fathers to fruitless destruction before ,verdun4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration 8,my master asks you to look after these peace doves0 ,raemaekers in this excellent cartoon is not less direct1 although he is at the same time more subtle1 than in some others4 ,holland1 typified by the seated figure1 has an expression of amazement and suspicion1 if not actual fear1 upon her face4 ,the ,boche is not content with merely offering the basket of spurious doves1 but has thrust it upon ,holland's lap4 ,the bearer who1 in the name of his master1 asks the latter to look after the 8doves0 is obviously trying to look agreeable as well as innocent1 but the battered helmet and the leer upon his face serve to betray him4 ,holland1 says her great artist in this picture1 has no use for 8peace doves10 or1 at least1 for those of the breed that wear the spiked helmets of the ,prussians4 ,one may suspect1 as the artist and ,holland herself apparently do1 that the 8doves10 symbolic of peace1 may prove the stormy petrels of war4 ,they may be said to typify the propagandists who1 having settled in ,holland from the early days of the war1 have carried on a crafty campaign of misrepresentation and calumny not alone against the ,allies1 but against the country which has hitherto preserved neutrality and sacrificed so much in works of benevolence in regard to ,belgian and other refugees1 and the ,british airmen and seamen which the accidents and tides of war have brought to or thrown upon her shores4 ,the 8doves of peace10 and there are many ,germans now resident in ,holland1 have probably all of them 8,mannlichers0 as well as spiked helmets for use if needed4 ,in regard to all transactions with the ,huns or their master1 ,holland will do well to remember ,virgil's oft-quoted line3 8,timeo ,danaos et dona ferentes40 ,every 8dove10 whether in the guise of propagandist1 commercial representative1 official1 or agent for the purchase of foodstuffs1 and whether bringing a cage of 8peace doves0 or bags of gold1 is a potential enemy to the peace and independence of ,holland4 ,the triumph of the ,central ,empires means the subjugation of the ,dutch people1 and the 8peace doves0 within her borders would soon quit their cooing and be transformed into the 8,prussian ,eagle's brood40 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,famine in ,belgium 8,when the ,german conquers ,belgium and ,poland the first thing he does is to raise agriculture1 commerce1 and industry to a state of immediate prosperity4 ,gain and comfort for the new subjects cling to the soles of his feet40 ,thus the ,rev4 ,gerhard ,tolzien preaching in ,schwerin ,cathedral last autumn at the harvest festival held on the #aith ,sunday after ,trinity4 ,we must suppose he believed it4 ,one of the stock attributes of ,kultur1 proclaimed by its apostles and obediently repeated by their pupils1 is the beneficent influence it sheds on other lands4 ,it showers gratuitous benefits on all1 but only those fortunate enough to be brought under ,german sway reap the full harvest of its blessings4 ,so the domination of the world by ,germany is justified4 ,it is for the people's good2 it would be the millennium4 ,raemaekers shows it to us at work in ,belgium4 ,we see the ,germans who have conquered the land carrying out those beneficent functions described by the ,german preacher4 ,having brought agriculture1 commerce1 and industry to a state of unprecedented prosperity1 they are watching1 with benevolent satisfaction1 the signs of gain and comfort among the inhabitants4 ,if the emaciated peasants1 leaving their roofless cottage1 limping down the empty street with the few odds and ends of rubbish not worth looting which they still possess1 or stopping to poke about in the gutter for a scrap of food--if they seem to be at the last extremity of misery1 that is1 no doubt1 because they are too dull to appreciate the blessings of ,kultur4 ,truly this is a terrible picture1 a veritable nightmare4 ,there is nothing more poignant in the whole series4 ,it would be a relief to be able to believe ,herr ,tolzien's account1 but we fear that the ghastly contrast drawn by the neutral artist is only too well founded on fact4 ,a4 ,,shadwell4 ,illustration ,poor ,old ,thing ,an old ,english proverb1 disdaining to be cramped by so feeble and academic a thing as grammar1 tells us that 8courtesy is cumbersome to him that kens it not40 ,it is one of the essential signs of breeding that courtesy is natural and not cumbersome2 and if we may take the saying of the ,german naval officer as true1 that the ,english will always be fools and the ,germans will never be gentlemen 7though it is true that the maker of such a saying must be a gentleman himself71 we shall be able to understand much about the ,central ,powers that is otherwise puzzling4 ,despite their aristocracies and their history1 and this applies especially to ,austria1 those ,powers have a streak of cheapness running through them4 ,they are cads4 ,they snarl and bicker with each other like a grocer's family in a back parlor4 ,unlike ,lamb's 8party in a parlor10 they are not all silent2 possibly the rest of the sentence holds true4 ,where was ,wilhelm8 ,why doesn't ,franz ,joseph do better8 ,but for him we'd have done such and such4 ,why didn't the fellow do better8 ,they growl about each other to all the winds of heaven4 ,some of their griefs are legitimate4 ,between allies of different race there must always be grounds of difference and even of acute divergence of opinion4 ,for generations the ,austrians have disliked the ,germans with a hearty and vigorous dislike4 ,if ten years ago you called a ,german an ,austrian1 he corrected you with superciliousness2 if you called an ,austrian a ,german1 he corrected you with fury4 ,germans called ,austrians 8stuck-up02 ,austrians called ,germans merely 8those ,germans40 ,and now that they are fighting side by side for their existence1 now that their whole history and homogeneity as ,european ,powers are at stake1 they carp and snap like fretful sick puppies4 ,we--the ,allies--are ,latin and ,slav and ,saxon and ,celt1 and we shall never understand each other really well4 ,the friendship of ,england with ,france is new1 and has been grafted on centuries of clean warfare and honorable hostility2 but on the many points on which we think differently1 do we reproach each other8 ,we have all retreated since the war began1 and in each case our ,allies have hurried up to tell us that our retreat was a masterpiece1 as honorable as a victory4 ,why8 ,because3 ,noblesse oblige4 ,h4 ,,pearl ,,adam4 ,illustration ,germany and the ,neutrals ,there are some points in ,germany's attitude toward the neutrals which are ambiguous4 ,others are only too tragically clear4 ,if we consider in its general character the ,german submarine crusade1 we find that its original intention--to damage not only ships of war but the merchantmen of ,great ,britain1 including passenger boats--involves also a studied neglect of the rights of neutral ships4 ,everything that might conceivably help ,great ,britain1 either in respect to food-stuffs1 commerce1 or international trade1 or the voyage of harmless tourists on the seas1 was1 from the point of view of ,berlin1 to be exposed to the fury of submarine attacks without any nice discrimination between enemies and neutrals4 ,clearly at one stage of the war the submarine commanders had their orders to stop and overhaul whatever they met on the seas1 to give very inadequate time for the crews to escape1 and to refuse all assistance to the victims struggling in the water4 ,the crisis of this submarine crusade was reached in the sinking of the 8,lusitania40 ,thereupon the ,american ,government took action1 and the ,notes interchanged between ,president ,wilson and the ,wilhelmstrasse eventually1 after much correspondence1 brought about a temporary cessation of the more violent methods of the ,teuton pirates4 ,for it became clear that the patience of ,president ,wilson was almost exhausted1 and the possibility of a rupture of diplomatic relations gave some pause to the ,german ,higher ,command4 ,the leading principles1 however1 of the enemy's crusade have never been altered4 ,indeed1 many observers have foreseen the recrudescence of submarine attacks1 with the aid of newer and more formidable vessels with a wider range of action and a stronger armament4 ,the ,berlin contention is that ,great ,britain1 through her preponderance of naval power1 is a despot on the seas1 infringing the liberties of other nations4 ,to restore freedom by limiting the activity of ,british vessels has been a constant parrot-cry of the ,teutonic enemy4 ,the real truth1 of course1 is that the blockade is having such serious effects on ,germany that she is almost bound to initiate new movements1 if only to shake off the fatal grasp of the ,british ships of war4 ,probably the neutrals understand the position quite as well as we do1 but for various reasons it is difficult for them to make an effective protest4 ,meanwhile the innate brutality of submarine warfare is as obvious as ever it was1 and in ,raemaekers' cartoon the hideous gorilla which represents the ,teuton power is gloating over its victims and breathing out defiance against all who attempt to curb it in its reckless cruelty4 ,the legend 8,gott mit ,uns0 adds a biting irony to the picture4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney4 ,illustration ,those ,horrible ,britons ,the ,english have always been misunderstood by foreign peoples1 and ,i think one of the most beneficial effects of this war will be the better understanding of ,john ,bull by the ,slavs1 by the ,gauls--and by the ,teutons4 ,the ,slavs up to this time have not known us at all4 ,in ,france till very recently the ,englishman has been the ,englishman of the old ,palais ,royal farces1 a creature with red whiskers1 front teeth like the double blank in dominoes1 shepherd's plaid trousers1 and a disengaging manner4 ,read ,daudet1 read ,hugo1 read ,loti and you will see that even the highest intelligences in ,france have failed to appreciate ,john ,bull at his true worth1 failed even to understand him4 ,germany1 who understands everything but humanity1 has been even more backward than ,france4 ,to ,germany ,john has figured as a robber grown fat on plunder1 soft1 flabby1 and only waiting to be plundered4 ,to ,germany and to the ,kaiser ,john has not figured as a power1 simply because he has not figured as a military power4 ,they believed him effete4 ,the first seven divisions cut into this comfortable belief in a cruel manner4 ,the handful of ,english who drove the ,hun hordes back from ,calais did not put balm on the wound4 ,slowly and by degrees the ,kaiser has seen his last hopes broken by the ,english4 8,,those ,,horrible ,,britons40 ,raemaekers1 as always1 has touched the truth4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration ,dr4 ,kuyper to ,germany ,of benevolent neutrality we have all heard2 and of the existence of the malevolent kind1 too1 we are quite frequently reminded4 ,the ,allied countries failed to perceive the benevolence of the ,vatican's utterance that the violation of ,belgium 8happened in the time of my predecessor10 and so apparently called for no comment from the head of the ,roman ,catholic ,church4 ,since that interview the inaction of the ,vatican1 which had till then been almost complete1 and has since been troubled by one or two tentative mentions of olive branches and no more1 has appeared in more than a dubious light to the ,allied nations4 ,in ,france1 where the opening of the war brought about something like a religious revival1 the ,pope's inaction and the ,pope's speech caused a cold ,gulf ,stream of suspicion and disappointment to flow steadily ,romeward4 ,the spectacle of a ,protestant premier of a two thirds ,protestant country favoring a mission to the ,vatican is one which would in any case have troubled ,protestants1 and in this case does not even please ,roman ,catholics4 ,then who does it please8 ,raemaekers knows4 ,alas for the days when we associated screens with 8little ,french milliners02 what a ,lady ,teazle have we here6 ,and what a school of something worse than scandal holds its classes in the seminaries of war-politics6 ,dr4 ,kuyper1 8the snowy-breasted pearl0 of the drawing1 is1 perhaps1 guilty of hoping a thing he does not avow2 of working for it2 but at least even ,raemaekers1 a stern critic1 admits that without being a villain 7we know the mark ,raemaekers sets on the brow of his villains7 he may be still quite pleased with himself4 ,but the two behind the screen are furtive1 are anxious1 are unable to enjoy even an act that should further their plans2 they are pleased1 but their pleasure is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of a thought which turns ever more eagerly to the future1 and turns back ever more anxiously to the present4 ,h4 ,,pearl ,,adam4 ,illustration ,the ,kaiser's ,diplomacy ,the true story of what happened in ,montenegro1 when the ,austrians reported that the country had submitted to superior force and accepted the domination of the ,central ,powers1 and that it was abandoning the hopeless task of resisting their united strength1 will perhaps be revealed in the future4 ,at present it is unknown4 ,probably it will turn out to have been a great personal disappointment to the ,kaiser and another instance where his diplomacy failed4 ,it would have been a triumph to induce ,montenegro to submit peaceably1 and to have ,king ,nicholas accept the position of a client king at ,berlin4 ,but the resistance of ,montenegro was not wholly overcome4 ,the king and the people who had fought for freedom with success against all the forces of ,turkey and afterward of ,austria during so many years could not submit to being deluded by the blandishments of ,hadji ,wilhelm4 ,here the artist shows ,nicholas with his bag packed for the journey to ,france1 and labelled 8,lyon10 turning away from the ,kaiser1 who looks toward him with seductive entreaty1 and presses his hands in a gesture of petition4 ,he is making a last attempt to induce the king to submit to fate and to himself2 to come to ,berlin1 and to be received with royal honors and enrolled alongside the many princely families of ,germany4 ,the ,kaiser set great store by success in this negotiation4 ,it would have been the beginning1 as he hoped1 of the breaking up of the alliance among his foes4 ,even though it was only the small and poor ,montenegro that abandoned the ,allied cause1 still it was to be the first stage of a general break-up1 which would have been hailed with triumph as the beginning of the end4 ,the ,kaiser wanted ,nicholas badly1 but ,nicholas was not going alone to ,berlin1 and his last word is that 8we will all come later40 ,raemaekers1 with his unfailing confidence in a final victory1 looked forward then1 when the cause of the ,allies seemed to be at its lowest ebb1 to the victory of the future1 and to the victorious entrance of the united ,allies into ,berlin4 ,the artist judged by faith1 and not by sight4 ,he was not a mere calculator of chances1 and an estimator of military power2 for those neutrals who judged on such principles were apparently all so profoundly impressed with the overwhelming military strength of ,germany1 that their moral judgment was warped4 ,raemaekers had lived too close to ,germany to be ignorant of her enormous strength2 but he judges as a prophet1 who bears witness to the moral quality of the world1 despite of the apparent balance of probabilities4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay4 ,illustration ,cain ,germany's practical attitude to small countries has always given the lie to her expressed benevolence4 ,her proposal at the beginning of the war to localize conflict and leave ,austria's sixty millions to settle with the four millions of ,serbia will be remembered4 ,then1 after solemn assurance that her neutrality would be respected1 8necessity0 demanded ,germany's broken oaths and unspeakable outrage upon an innocent nation4 ,it was merely a choice between ,belgium and ,switzerland2 and convenience decided for ,belgium4 ,abroad we have seen the treatment of uncivilized races and observed with what thanksgiving the indigenous peoples of ,west ,africa1 ,east ,africa1 and the ,cameroons have welcomed ,germany's downfall as the first step to restoration of liberty and recognition of human rights4 ,those fiends--,prince ,arenberg1 ,carl ,peters1 ,chancellor ,leist--are not forgotten1 nor the ,herero massacres4 ,belgium has been sacrificed by the ,cain of nations4 ,he1 who has talked most loudly about the rights of small kingdoms and his unbreakable resolution to protect them against the threat of the mighty and the tyranny of the strong2 he1 who desired to be his brother's keeper1 has ,belgium murdered on her pyre4 ,within two days of the promise to leave her inviolate1 she lay battered and bleeding under the club of the oath-breaker4 ,but the smoke of the burning is beaten back into the assassin's eyes4 ,even from the tribal god of the ,huns this sacrifice has won no smiles4 ,it has been left for a ,christian emperor in the twentieth century to emulate the neolith barely emancipated from brutedom1 and set an example that the stone men of old might have hesitated to copy4 ,we have so long grown accustomed to the spectacle of martyred ,belgium1 and are so familiar with the whole story of her rape and massacre by this royal savage of ,prussia1 that the grief is like to be deadened and the pang grown dull2 but let no such narcotic drift over our spirits until the war is won4 ,not the onset of poison gas would be more fatal than any emotion of indifference1 or inclination to accept the situation now achieved by treachery1 falsehood1 surprise1 and villainy beyond example1 as a basis whereon to build any sort of peace4 ,let the word be anathema while the ,hun still sucks the blood of his sacrifice and while ,belgium and ,serbia fester at the touch of his feet2 let none breathe it until the ,allies alone1 without enemy question or neutral interference1 are in a position to impose a peace commensurate with their victory4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,counter-,attack at ,douaumont ,the fortress of ,verdun will stand forever1 a bastion cut against the sky1 and behind and above1 like a flaming cresset1 will burn ,douaumont4 ,verdun in ,march of #aiaf was the name of a fortress and a town2 to-day it is no longer a name4 ,it has become a word lifted among the star words common to all languages and all times4 ,valor1 splendor1 devotion1 endurance1 patriotism1--how grand are these words6 ,yet ,verdun is the grandest of them all1 for it includes them all4 ,it is the word that ,france has flung to the world not from her fleshly lips1 but from the lips of her soul4 ,to the cringing neutrals2 to ,swiss waiters1 and ,dutch hucksters and ,english sedition-mongers1 and ,irish hole-and-corner men1 and ,swedish marketmen4 ,to the hordes of the ,beast and the powers of darkness ,france has flung the light of that one burning word1 just as the ,spartans1 four hundred and eighty years before the birth of ,christ1 flung to us the light of the word ,thermopyl4 ,the old heroic times seemed dead1 littleness seemed everywhere1 till the light of this war showed the soul of man great as in the days of ,alexander4 ,the counter-attack at ,douaumont is but an incident1 a crystallized moment out of the endless battle on the ,meuse4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration ,the ,morning ,paper ,the ,kaiser said 8his heart bled0 when the ,allies raided ,carlsruhe from the air4 ,the hemorrhage was not serious1 but it had a value as tending to show that the heart was there4 ,or was it that the ,allies had performed the classic feat of drawing blood from a stone8 ,it was more than his own airmen could do when they killed children and women in ,london and ,paris4 ,perhaps some day a poet will arise who will be able to write for us the epic of the ,morning ,paper during this war4 ,it used to lie under doors till wanted1 and then ,father had it1 and ,mother didn't want it till after lunch1 and ,george got it after ,father1 and ,arthur must therefore buy an 8evening0 paper at the station where he caught the #i3ai to the ,city4 ,and it really didn't matter much1 after all1 except that it was something to talk about1 and the ,other ,side was taking the country to the dogs 7a trip on which it has been entering any time these last five hundred years71 and one must know the latest entries for the ,thousand ,guineas1 anyway1 and yesterday's goals4 ,and now6 8,hasn't the paper come yet8 ,where's the paper8 ,is there any news8 ,what are ,we doing8 ,have the ,french advanced8 ,what about ,verdun8 ,why's the paper late8 ,how's ,russia this morning8 ,read it out1 ,father1 or else order a copy each60 ,the holy1 classical1 breakfast gloom of the ,british family is shattered by machine-gun fire of questions1 of anxiety1 of hope1 of anguish1 of pride1 of horror1 of hope again4 ,those folded sheets of printing1 less clear than it used to be1 on paper less good than it was1 have even eclipsed that domestic ,mercury1 the postman6 ,letters lie unopened till the news has been scanned4 ,that alone represents a revolution in ,british family life1 and the same thing obtains in all the ,allied western countries4 ,and what it represents is the change of focus in our minds4 ,we are all living more or less intensely in an impersonal and selfless atmosphere1 where what others are doing matters more than what our friends are doing1 and where we are blatantly1 flagrantly1 despite all our national traditions1 sure of an ,ideal4 ,we can even talk about it6 ,i believe this cartoon by ,raemaekers has a special appeal to the ,british for this reason2 that the morning paper has come to mean so much to us1 and now rouses in us such large1 splendid feelings1 such a magnificence of pain1 such a glory of anxiety1 such a pride of suffering--has made possible to us expression of so much which we thought it right and decent to hide in our hearts before--that this spectacle of the ,kaiser and his dame gloating over innocent deaths has a force and a drive which the ,british are bound to recognize in a special degree4 ,and the faces of the maniac and his senile wife1 glowering at their 8good news10 cannot help but recall to us ,father's look when he read that we had taken ,la ,boisselle1 ,mother's face when she heard that casualties were 8comparatively0 light4 ,the paper is something more than paper and ink nowadays4 ,h4 ,,pearl ,,adam4 ,illustration 8,and such a brave ,zepp he was0 ,aestatem increpitans seram ,zepyrosque morantes4 ,chiding the lateness of the summer still ,and 8,zeppers0 all too tardy for his will4 ,this is rather the attitude we should have expected of the all-highest1 whom1 of course1 the seasons ought to obey4 ,it is hard on him that we should have had such a late summer1 and that his 8,zeppers0 should have had to wait so long and1 after all1 done so little4 ,for the 8gentle ,zeppers0 from the east to-day1 like those from the west of old1 come with fair weather and serene skies4 ,they may find an exceptional night in winter when 8the moon is hid10 for1 like all evil-doers1 8they love darkness rather than light10 and 8the night is still10 but it is in the calm of summer and autumn that they look to make their best harvest and their boldest onslaughts4 ,equinoctial gales1 sleet and snow do not suit them1 so brave are they4 ,they are not keen to face either the battle or the breeze1 so brave are they4 ,it would be unfair to deny bravery altogether to the ,boches4 ,they have shown it in their own 8book of arithmetic0 way on land1 on sea1 and in the air4 7,h7immelmann1 as the ,tommies of course called him1 certainly showed himself 8at 'ome in his native 7h7element1 as bold as a 'awk10 though brought down by a half-fledged eagle at the finish4 ,but he was an aviator and took risks4 ,the brave 8,zepps0 have not taken many2 we do not blame them4 ,there is no reason why they should1 and every reason why they should not4 ,they are delicate and expensive birds to rear4 ,when they are on the wing there are a good many 8marks over10 and when the anti-aircraft gun finds those 8marks10 light currency though they be1 they fall even faster than on the ,exchange4 ,formidable1 no doubt1 the ,zepps are4 ,it is our good luck more than our good management that they have not done more damage4 ,but brave1 as bravery goes in this war1 hardly that1 so far4 ,we should have expected the ,kaiser to curse them and the weather1 not to weep4 ,weeping8 ,kaisers and ,kaiserins and ,count ,zeppelins should be made of sterner stuff4 ,we do not hear that ,herod and ,herodias were seen weeping because the attack on ,rachel cost them an assassin or two4 ,yet that is the picture ,raemaekers gives us here1 scathingly1 sarcastically1 graphic as ever4 8,they were brave40 8,they fought against odds unnumbered0 7of women and children and men #aj1jjj feet below them74 8,they fell with their tails to the foe40 ,yes1 the ,zepps are very brave4 ,they'll have to be braver still before they're done6 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,p4,s4--,this was written before ,september #b4 ,yes1 they'll have to take more risks1 and they and their friends will have to be braver yet4 ,h4 ,w4 ,illustration ,flying ,over ,holland ,holland has acted a rather more than neutral part in this war4 ,cocoa and bacon1 butter and potatoes1 lard and oil1 beef1 fish1 sugar1 and rice--the amount she has eaten of these has been truly astounding4 ,she has eaten so much and slept so soundly that she has not heard the ,zeppelins flying over her1 bound for ,england4 ,should aeroplanes fly over her1 bound for ,germany1 would she wake up8 ,she has also eaten rubber and dry-goods1 and so many other indigestible things that if she doesn't sulfer from somnolence1 for decency's sake and as a proof that she still belongs to the human family1 she ought to pretend to suffer from it--when the aeroplanes fly over her1 bound for ,germany4 ,one wonders what her opinions are on this cartoon presented to her by her most illustrious son4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration 8,if they don't increase their ,army0 ,we were inclined at the beginning of this war to be a little unreasonable in our demands on the sympathy of the neutral nations4 ,this was particularly the case with ,holland1 whose geographical position with regard to ,belgium and to ourselves is a most delicate one4 ,we did not always consider sufficiently what too lively an expression of opinion friendly to the ,allies might cost the ,dutch4 ,they saw themselves1 three years ago1 watched through the peep-holes of their eastern frontier by a neighbor without pity1 without scruple1 and without decency4 ,to have given the ,germans an opportunity of attacking them unawares would have been to see the tulips of ,haarlem trampled into mud and the church-windows of ,gouda smashed2 to let the libraries of ,leyden be pillaged and the art-treasures of ,the ,hague be carried off to ,berlin2 to find the cathedral tower of ,utrecht used as a target for cannon1 and the canals of ,amsterdam choked with the corpses of ,dutch women and children4 ,what ,belgium has endured would be poured out in fourfold horror upon ,holland4 ,no wonder that the ,dutch are prudent in their language1 circumspect in their actions4 ,moreover1 till the autumn of #aiad1 ,holland had cultivated a pacific spirit4 ,she did not believe in military danger1 and through the masses of the people there ran a kind of resentment against the army1 as a body of men paid out of the taxes for doing nothing4 ,in all this ,holland was wittingly the opposite of her ferocious and gigantic neighbor4 ,but all this is over now4 ,raemaekers shows us the sturdy ,dutch soldier1 with his back turned to wheedling ,german whisperers1 guarding the long eastern frontier beyond the ,maas4 ,holland has been roused out of her opiate dream of non-resistance1 and she vibrates with heroic echoes from ,ypres and from ,dixmude4 ,she is fully aware that she is called upon to be the arbiter of her own destiny1 and that she must meet force with force4 ,holland is safe so long as she prepares her own defense1 for ,germany never attacks unless she believes herself to be sure of victory4 ,she knows that the ,dutch have 8increased their army10 and that the hour of 8easy0 and insolent conquest is over4 ,,edmund ,,gosse4 ,illustration ,religion and ,patriotism ,this horrible war that has been sprung upon us has taught the ,empire many useful lessons4 ,it has been a revelation in character value4 ,in the long piping time of peace1 before grim-visaged war broke in upon us1 we were much too self-centered4 ,colonials and others returning from our overseas dominions to the 8,old ,country0 did not hesitate to say how appalled they were by the wealth and how shocked they were by the uses to which it was being put in ,england4 ,it seemed to them1 coming home from the simple life to the lap of luxury1 that men and women in ,england were living to pile up colossal wealth and to bask in the sunshine of newspaper notoriety4 ,i might continue in this strain for pages more1 but that is not my purpose4 ,what ,i do want to say is that1 as soon as the tocsin of war was heard across the silver sea1 and the bugle-call of duty was sounded1 these same club-loungers and society-loafers rolled up1 rallying to the flag as though they had been born for nothing else4 ,in the story of ,england's life only will the headline 8,five ,millions of ,volunteers to the ,colors0 be read1 topping the chapter telling of this ,european war to our children's children4 ,not only have those on the highest rung of the social ladder responded to the ,king's call for service1 but those on the lowest rung also--never was there such a fellowship in arms by land and on sea4 ,but if ,england with her overseas peoples stands out in such fine relief against the dark war background1 we must not forget that our ,allies have shone out as conspicuously as ourselves as fighting patriots1 resolved to do or die4 ,chaplains1 too1 have done fine work for country as well as for religion4 ,conspicuous among all ,churchmen rises the lithe1 imposing1 ascetic figure of ,his ,eminence ,cardinal ,mercier4 ,if ever there was a follower of the ,good ,shepherd1 ready to lay down his life for his sheep1 it is the ,cardinal ,archbishop of ,malines4 8,the ,good ,shepherd giveth his life for his sheep40 ,nothing could have pleased the ,cardinal better than to have escaped the sights forced upon him by sacrificing his own life for his flock4 ,but it was not to be2 his life has been spared that all the world might find in this good shepherd its object lesson in true religion and in true patriotism4 ,,bernard ,,vaughan4 ,illustration ,the ,prisoners ,among the suggestions for treating our ,german prisoners1 the public has misunderstood that emanating from the ,government4 ,to utter the word 8reprisals10 when we know right well that the whole sense and tradition of this country would rise in rebellion against any such system1 is to speak in vain4 ,moreover1 other and juster lines of action are within our reach4 ,it has been suggested that we should treat our prisoners exactly as ,germany treats hers2 but since her system is beneath the accepted standards of humanity1 and such as no civilized country could practise without loss of self-respect1 that course remains unjustified4 ,a worthier way would seem to be that those responsible for the crime are made to suffer1 and that1 instead of doing injustice now by punishing men not to blame for our enemy's cruelties1 we exact justice after the war is ended and then look to it that all--chiefs and subordinates alike--who have tortured and starved the ,allied prisoners1 in military or internment camps1 should be brought to pay the penalty for their cowardly villainies4 ,that will lie within our power2 and did ,germany clearly understand the intention1 it is reasonable to hope she might take steps to save herself from the consequences of her brutality4 ,moreover1 the threat is no mere thunder1 for though the country is still in ignorance1 still buoyed by false news and fatuous communiqus1 those at the helm know well enough the ,central ,empires are on a lee shore of ultimate defeat4 ,with some truth these boys1 spectacled students and stunted human failures swept into the net of ,france's prisoners1 may echo their 8all-highest0 and say3 8,we did not want to do it40 ,they1 indeed1 did not1 and who can feel for them much more than pity8 ,such men are not even good cannon fodder2 and no more striking comment on the passes to which ,germany is coming in her efforts to fill the failing lines need be sought than in the material our prisoners often reveal4 ,she has1 indeed1 many thousands more of the cream of her manhood to destroy before the end2 but to offer such feeble stuff as this to the combustion of war cannot long delay the final need4 ,seor ,gomez ,garrillo1 writing as a neutral in the 8,gaulois10 has told us how the ,british1 though fully realizing the hatred of the ,german people1 do not echo it2 for they see in their prisoners only unhappy men1 to be treated with compassion and respect4 ,that is not a spirit that will be found on the losing side of the ,world ,war4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,well1 ,my ,friend6 ,this picture represents two men whom the accidents of diplomacy and intrigue have placed upon the thrones of two small nations of southeastern ,europe4 ,the peoples whom they respectively rule have every conceivable reason for desiring the triumph of that principle of international right for which the ,allies stand in this war1 and which is the only possible defense of small nationalities4 ,they have also special obligations toward those who are to-day championing that principle1 for the ,bulgarians owe their liberation from ,turkish tyranny primarily to ,russia1 while the ,greeks owe the restoration of their national independence to that very combination of ,great ,britain1 ,france and ,russia which at ,navarino nearly a century ago half-foreshadowed the present ,great ,alliance4 ,but of these men one is an intriguer of mean origin1 vile antecedents1 and corruptly personal aims1 while the other is the husband of a ,hohenzollern4 ,therefore1 in the one case the intriguer sells his people to the enemy1 while in the other the semi-,german princeling deserts not only his natural allies1 but those to whom he is pledged by treaty4 ,of the ,balkan ,states1 ,serbia alone is faithful to the cause of nationality2 and it is not unimportant to note that of these states ,serbia alone possesses a native dynasty4 ,it is to be hoped that after the war princes will no longer figure among the exports of the ,german ,empire4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton4 ,illustration 8,how quiet it must be in the ,english harbors blockaded by our fleet0 ,raemaekers has here selected two typical naval officers1 and has placed them on the quay in ,kiel ,harbor1 pacing along in sight of the water and some of the ships of the ,high ,seas ,fleet lying at anchor4 ,the expressions on the two faces are worth careful study4 ,on that of the taller and nearer man one has a cleverly caught and underlying indication of doubt4 ,he seems to say3 8,of course1 we are blockading the ,british ,fleet1 which has taken shelter from our invincible warships in the ,thames ,estuary4 ,and1 of course1 since the ,battle of ,jutland1 we have swept the seas and wrested the trident from the grasp of ,britain4 ,but44440 ,at the back of his mind is evidently at all events the germ of a question4 8,why1 if this be so1 do our ships lie at anchor1 and our people go short of the imported necessities of life80 ,and in the mind of that type of man no amount of inspired press accounts of fictitious victories1 and no thanks of the ,kaiser and profusion in the decoration of 8naval heroes10 can lull to rest the suspicion that all is not as it should be4 ,the second type depicted is a more common one in the ,german ,navy4 ,he carries his chin up1 while his companion carries his down4 ,he says3 8,of course1 we have driven the ,british ,battle ,fleet to its harbors1 and1 of course1 we won a notable victory off ,jutland1 and1 equally of course1 when we bombarded ,scarborough and other seaside pleasure resorts we actually destroyed immensely strong fortifications1 and did enormous and material damage to military and naval bases40 ,this type of man could believe anything4 ,and he does6 ,he has assimilated greedily all the mental pabulum that is designed to teach that ,germany cannot be beaten because she is ,germany1 and that the ,germans are superior to every other race4 ,he swallowed it as greedily as a small boy1 a collegian1 or a naval cadet1 and it has become part of him4 ,he neither can know1 will know1 nor wishes to know the truth4 ,there is something pathetic as well as stupid in his blindness and imperviousness to facts4 ,he is of the type which will believe ,germany invincible long after she has been beaten4 ,he is of the type that will prolong the war by continuing to celebrate phantom victories even when the fleets of the ,allies are hammering at the gates of the ,kiel ,canal4 ,in this cartoon ,raemaekers' satire is gentler than its wont1 but not less effective on that account4 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,the ,brigands ,ah1 ,no6 ,not brigands6 ,not pirates6 ,they belong to the good days of youth1 the 8,boys' ,own ,annual10 ,stevenson1 ,henty1 ,kingston1 when there were words of pure magic that wrought spells4 ,is there a boy with soul so dead who never to himself hath said 8,sallee ,rovers10 8,high ,barbary10 8,masked ,men on ,maidenhead ,thicket10 8,a ,toby ,man on a ,black ,horse10 for the sheer pleasure of evoking the little shiver that goes with ,romance8 ,has the deep villainy of ,long ,john ,silver anything in common with ,tirpitz8 ,long ,john would never have allowed the right of ,tirpitz to fly the ,jolly ,roger4 ,would ,claude ,duval have taken the ,kaiser's hand8 ,never6 ,the skull and crossbones have fallen on evil days1 the black flag has had its sable purity rent and torn2 no boy is going to stick his nose into a book about the ,kaiser and ,willie in future days1 in order to snuff up sensuously the very smell of such a jolly good tale4 ,ah1 these others were a merry company1 and they swung very rightly on creaking gallows1 or walked the plank into glittering foreign seas1 for crimes which would show saintly white upon the ,potsdam flag4 ,they were bad men1 but witless1 too2 they did such petty sins1 imagined such small crimes4 ,if they bullied a little boy1 we thought them already damnable rascals6 ,one little boy6 ,anybody could count him on their fingers2 but we need the higher mathematics to compute the wrong of ,potsdam4 ,it is like weighing ,saturn1 or measuring ,lucifer2 we must go outside our world to do either4 ,better the lonely gibbet on the heath than the stalled ox of ,potsdam2 let us walk the plank like the honest murderers we are1 and go to the perdition that suits with our knaveries and cruelties and black crimes2 but let us from creaking chain and blanched sea-sand enter a protest against having the ,berlin brood fathered on us2 nay1 sirs1 must even the good fat swine in his filth be compared with such as these8 ,h4 ,,pearl ,,adam4 ,illustration ,it ,looks ,so in ,serbia ,it emphatically does not look so in ,serbia4 ,no artist dare portray the infamous truth of it4 ,i have found something of that in the report of an inquiry conducted by ,dr4 ,reiss1 of the ,lausanne ,university1 in such of the devastated districts as were not left in the actual occupation of the enemy4 8,belgium was a mothers' meeting to it10 as some phrase-maker put it4 ,all that was worst in a nation1 of whom a tolerant general opinion held that it was unfortunate rather than unkindly1 came out in that second version of the 8punitive expedition0 of which the first ended so ingloriously4 ,it is an attribute of chivalry to respect courage1 and of civilization to hold under control the passions that blaze up in the furnace of war4 ,austria has eternally forfeited her reputation for chivalry and culture4 ,she has chosen to range herself with her allies3 with the ,germans of ,aerschot1 ,termonde1 ,dixmude2 with the ,turks of the ,armenian holocausts2 with that glorious squadron of ,bulgarian cavalry that charged and sabred a square of defenseless prisoners4 ,the first ,austrian legions1 underestimating their enemy1 broke ignominiously against the intrepid mountaineers4 ,they came back in overwhelming force and wreaked their vengeance for their former defeat with a more than ,german frightfulness4 ,one dare not take the responsibility of referring readers to ,dr4 ,reiss's book4 ,its cold precision1 its scientific tabulation1 its sickening photographs1 make up a nightmare horror which should be thrust upon no one who can avoid it4 ,but if there be a recording angel---- ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,victory by ,imposture ,the peacemaker1 ,ford1 is sailing away in a boat1 with the flag of the ,united ,states at the stern1 leaving behind him the four ,germanic ,powers4 ,on their alliance is inscribed3 8,victory6 ,victory6 ,colossal victory602 but the alliance is only a life-buoy1 and the ,powers are struggling in the sea of fate1 and are in imminent danger of drowning4 ,they strive by loud words to maintain to the world their pretense of victory2 but it is all sham1 and they know that their lives are at stake4 ,the whole fabric of the ,german alliance is to this artist a morally gigantic imposture1 and rests on an elaborate system for duping the surrounding world4 ,austria1 ,bulgaria1 and ,turkey have enough to do to hold on to the life-buoy and save themselves from death4 ,turkey has a bad grip1 and looks as if he could hardly cling on4 ,bulgaria is1 if possible1 worse situated2 ,ferdinand holds with one hand and with his chin4 ,the ,emperor of ,austria has his shoulder well over the life-saving buoy1 but although the hold is good1 his physical strength is failing4 ,the ,kaiser alone has a firm hold and plenty of strength left1 but he has already been under water1 for his helmet is dripping2 and his cry for help is addressed to the retreating peacemaker4 ,the boasting words inscribed on the alliance are addressed to the surrounding world1 but the word that comes from his heart is a cry for peace4 ,when this cartoon was published1 ,germany was apparently going on from victory to victory4 ,many people feared that the ,prussian victory was assured1 but ,raemaekers never doubted4 ,his confidence in the victory of truth and justice never failed for an instant4 ,in his cartoons he sees1 like a prophet or a poet1 right into the heart of the great movements in history4 ,it is not that he conveys the impression of mere blind1 unreasoning confidence in the victory of any particular nation which he admires1 or in which he believes1 or which he considers to be most wealthy and most capable of paying the expenses and supplying the 8silver bullets0 in unceasing abundance4 ,his sublime assurance is based on moral issues2 he hates the cruel and the deceitful nation and man1 because among other things they are an outrage on nature1 a blotch disfiguring the fair face of the world1 and he knows that a cause which is based on disregard of international obligations1 and buttressed by a policy of 8frightfulness0 and a general system of imposture and deception1 must fail4 ,the world of men will not endure it2 the divine order of things has rejected it4 ,he can no more doubt about the issue than could one of the old ,hebrew prophets4 ,he has seen1 and he knows4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay4 ,illustration ,shell-,making ,shells6 ,shells6 ,in the name of the ,prophet1 shells6 ,shells for ,britain and ,belgium1 for ,france and ,russia and ,italy1 for ,serbia and ,roumania6 ,shells1 shells1 and ever more shells6 ,it is a cry with which we are familiar now1 terribly familiar4 ,we remember--though events crowd on so fast that we forget much--how a year or two ago it was yet more terrible1 for it was a cry unanswered and unanswerable4 ,our little army--so little1 but so great in heart--8our dauntless army1 scattered and so small10 sans machine-guns1 sans howitzers1 sans shells1 sans masks1 sans everything1 still snatched for us1 if not victory1 yet time1 time for everything4 ,to-day it has grown from hundreds to thousands1 and thousands to millions1 and its munitions have grown faster still4 ,what were ,mr4 ,montagu's figures the other day8 ,they were incredible4 ,britain's output of 8heavy shell0 has been multiplied ninety-four1 wellnigh one hundred1 times4 ,the tale of shells it took a whole weary year to make in #aiad can now be made in four days6 ,how has it been brought about8 ,largely by the enthusiasm1 the faith and fire1 of one man and many women1--by ,mr4 ,lloyd ,george and the workers who have rallied to his call4 ,this picture show's the process4 ,it is a picture truly striking1 graphic1 beautiful1 gladdening yet saddening4 ,these countless1 shapely1 well-knit figures bending over their task eagerly1 earnestly2 the power-bands revolving1 the lathes turning unceasingly1 the tools biting1 polishing1 finishing2 creation in full swing6 ,all the rare gifts of womanhood are here1 but how strangely used6 ,what a pathetic paradox6 ,it is women's privilege to be the mothers1 the nurses1 the ministers1 the angels of life4 ,but these are mothers and angels of death4 ,they know what they are doing4 ,it is for their men1 their babes1 their honor1 they transform themselves4 ,all the woman's love and passion1 her enthusiasm1 her neat and delicate hand1 her docility are here1 making1 moulding these shining shells1 multitudinous as their namesakes of the ocean2 and like them each is fashioned nicely to pattern1 voluted1 enamelled1 burnished1 with their strange knobs and grooves the product of long evolution1 exact and right1 and then stacked gross by gross1 and thousand by thousand1 canned earthquakes1 bottled death1 to be broken and to break to-morrow in the storms and on the ridges of war4 ,dux femina facti6 ,what work to-day is not woman's8 ,shells1 shells1 ever more shells6 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,another ,australian ,success ,a ,london snapshot in lighter mood and a pretty compliment to the ,australians1 who are cutting out ,jack1 ,tommy1 and even ,sandy in bonnet and kilt1 under the shadow of ,nelson's lions4 ,well1 none but the brave deserve the fair1 and no one grudges them their success4 ,but the picture may be read in a different sense4 ,after all1 whose is the success here8 ,if there were one ,australian and two girls1 now1 that would be something like success4 ,too much success1 indeed6 ,he might say3 8,how happy could ,i be with either60 ,the girl does not say that2 no girl ever does4 ,she wants them both and apparently she has got them4 ,the success is hers1 and other girls will certainly grudge it to her1 particularly1 one fancies1 those in ,australia1 who may have their own reasons for a qualified approval of conquests in ,trafalgar ,square4 ,so ,britannia's sons may be cut out1 but ,britannia's daughter carries off the honors and redresses the balance4 ,this snapshot1 by the way1 was evidently taken before ,london was laid in ruins by ,zeppelins 7see the ,wolff ,bureau and ,german papers passim74 ,a4 ,,shadwell4 ,illustration ,the ,sea the ,path of ,victory ,the ,kaiser and the ,prussian people doubtless encourage themselves by remembering the tremendous struggle which ,frederick1 so-called the ,great1 waged against an almost overwhelming coalition of the neighboring peoples1 but they carefully and intentionally forget that ,prussia had as its ally throughout that desperate struggle of the ,seven ,years' ,war the power of ,england1 which it hates4 ,it deliberately forgets that the sea was always open then1 that its friends could come and go1 and that supplies of every kind could be brought in over a friendly 8,german ,ocean40 ,it has often been said that the ,kaiser1 when he fixed the date for the beginning of the war1 had forgotten to take counsel with the naval command1 but there seems no reason to doubt that at least he took counsel with ,tirpitz1 the responsible head of the navy4 ,tirpitz was not a man to be ignored1 but neither was he a man whose opinion about naval strategy was to be trusted4 ,he has shown himself a typical ,german organizer1 marvellously excellent in the building of a fleet of ships1 but his ignorance of the real principles of naval warfare and of naval power has proved itself to be colossal and truly ,germanic4 ,it would surprise no one if history should hereafter disclose that ,tirpitz1 through some quaint perversion of reasoning power1 had come to the conclusion that the time for the war had arrived at the end of ,july1 #aiad4 ,the true principle of naval power manifests itself steadily in the course of history1 and the artist in this cartoon expresses it through the figure of the hydraulic press1 under which the ,kaiser is being slowly crushed4 ,beneath the irresistible weight of its descent his sword is bending and useless2 it will soon break4 ,the figure of the hydraulic press is more apt than the phrase which was applied to the ,russian armies at the beginning of the war by the ,english press4 ,the 8steam-roller0 has proved itself a singularly unsuitable figure to express the strength of the ,russian armies1 for it is totally unlike the lightning strategy of ,brussilof or the enduring blows of the ,grand ,duke4 ,to ,raemaekers the hydraulic press becomes a sort of compendium of naval power2 and a quaint resemblance to the turrets and protruding guns of a fleet of battleships is imparted by the artist to the upper parts of the engine4 ,the sea is the friend of ,britain4 ,the sea expresses its friendship in many ways4 ,it is the friend of the ,netherlands to save that country from ,german invasion1 and it is the instrument through which ,great ,britain crushes down the armies of ,prussia4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay4 ,illustration ,balaam and his ,ass ,we know the story of the oracles of ,balaam as narrated in chapters ,,xxii and ,,xxiii of 8,numbers40 ,balaam is sent for by ,balak1 king of the ,moabites1 in order that he might curse the children of ,israel whose invasion threatened ,moab with dire peril4 ,balaam first refuses to journey to ,balak2 then1 subsequently1 he is induced to change his mind4 ,riding on his ass the prophet accompanies the princes of ,moab1 and on his way is confronted by the angel of the ,lord4 ,the ass1 much wiser than his master1 dares not pass4 ,balaam1 who could not see the obstacle in the path1 struck his ass three times4 ,thereupon his eyes were opened1 and the ass1 speaking with the mouth of a man1 rebuked the prophet for his senselessness and his brutality4 ,in the sequel1 though ,balaam meets with ,balak1 he is not permitted to curse2 he can only bless the children of the ,lord4 ,this is the story which is in ,raemaekers' mind in his spirited cartoon4 ,balaam is1 of course1 the ,german emperor2 his ass is the long-suffering ,german people1 forced by threats to advance over millions of strewn corpses and rotting skulls1 and the angel in the path bears on its shield the words ,justice1 ,liberty1 ,humanity4 ,unlike the prototype whom ,raemaekers has selected1 the ,german emperor refuses to recognize that his real opponent in the tremendous war is the civilized conscience of mankind4 ,but the ,german people is beginning to understand and realize at what appalling cost it is being sent to the shambles4 ,perhaps in time the eyes of the ,kaiser himself may be opened1 and when that day of enlightenment comes he will discover that no amount of iron crosses or lying telegrams will induce the ,german fatherland to fight any longer against the ordinances of ,god4 ,far away on the horizon are to be observed the funeral crosses which reveal so eloquently the history of the war4 ,for1 indeed1 the best and bravest youth of most of the nations of ,europe is being sacrificed to suit the truculent ambition of a blind and reckless autocrat4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney4 ,illustration ,a ,genuine ,dutchman ,ever since the great poet1 ,willem ,bilderdijk1 more than a hundred years ago1 finding the intellectual life of his country submerged in ,teutonic sentimentality1 turned the ,german doves out of the temple of the ,dutch ,muses1 ,holland has followed the intellectual example of ,france more than that of any other country4 ,the ,dutch have a passion for individualism which carries them in a direction exactly opposite to the moral and artistic tyranny of ,prussian ,kultur1 and gives a totally different coloring to their respect for mental distinction4 ,but the insidious propaganda of ,berlin had of late done fresh mischief1 and when the war broke out a considerable portion of the ,dutch clergy and a small but violently militant university clique of professors showed themselves surprisingly bitter against the ,allies1 and particularly against ,france4 ,there was a reflection of this in the ruling class1 while the conduct of the ,government1 although perfectly correct in regard to the ,entente ,powers1 was not considered by the mass of the ,dutch people to protect the nation vigilantly enough against the coarse propaganda of ,germany4 ,in ,raemaekers' cartoon we see this propaganda in action4 ,a corpulent journalist1 boche of the boches1 fitted out with plenty of money and a suit of ,dutch peasant clothes provided by ,wilhelmstrasse1 struts about in ,holland1 and being now 8a genuine ,dutchman10 will start a newspaper in the ,german interest4 ,but the real ,dutch see through him and laugh at his pretensions4 ,the fall of ,mr4 ,trub1 the eminent statesman whose sympathies were openly with the ,allies1 was considered in ,germany to be a triumph for ,teutonic intrigue in ,holland4 ,the success of ,mr4 ,cort van der ,linden seemed to confirm this impression4 ,but the corpulent and bearded boche1 in whom ,raemaekers symbolizes the secret journalistic work of ,germany in ,holland1 acted too insolently and went too far4 ,he awakened the ,vaderlandsche ,club1 or ,club of ,patriots1 which has been formed specifically to guard ,dutch interests and to oppose with vigor the advances of ,germany4 ,the response with which this association has been greeted in all parts of the country2 the discomfiture of the 8,toekomst10 the newspaper mainly financed by our stout friend in the baggy breeches2 and the sustained prosperity of the 8,telegraaf10 the patriotic journal which ,germany attempted first to purchase and then to suppress1 show that ,holland can distinguish a travestied ,prussian from 8a genuine ,dutchman40 ,,edmund ,,gosse4 ,illustration ,another ,victory for the ,germans ,there is not much laughter in this war1 but when ,raemaekers chooses he can recall to us for a little while the hearty1 lung-filling delight of other days4 ,and here we have it4 ,a ,kaiser so prayerfully1 passionately ridiculous1 a ,tirpitz so stupendously1 monumentally coy1 and a cause for rejoicing so very slender1 must tickle even a hyphenated sense of humor4 ,since the ,battle of ,jutland1 of course1 the joke is better still4 ,but even before that the ,german ,navy was the one item in the ,german array which could legitimately be found amusing1 rather than painful4 ,did not the ,germans1 bottled up in ,kiel1 announce that they were roving the seas looking for the ,british ,navy1 which at the same time1 they said1 was cowering in its ,east ,coast harbors8 ,and did not our official report of the ,battle of the ,bight begin with that sublimely unselfconscious phrase1 8,starting from a point near ,heligoland1 a squadron of our fleet10 etc41 etc48 ,look at ,heligoland on the map1 for every time one looks at it it is really farther from ,england and nearer ,germany than one had remembered2 farther from our ,east ,coast havens1 and nearer to that corked bottle of ,german fizz1 the ,kiel ,canal4 ,those first six words are a naval victory in themselves4 ,so we can enjoy with special zest the idea of the ,kaiser1 bold and noble baron1 violating the modesty of village-maiden ,tirpie with his ardent embraces1 because she has played ,una so beautifully that even the lion did not know she was there6 ,h4 ,,pearl ,,adam4 ,illustration ,submarine 8,bags0 ,most of the horrors committed in civilized societies are the work of men or women who loathe the things they do1 but would rather do the thing they loathe than endure some other evil that seems intolerable4 ,the wretched ,crippen poisons his wife1 not because he hates her1 or takes any pleasure in killing her1 but because her continued existence makes the kind of life he wishes to lead impossible4 ,but crime--and particularly murder--seems to have a fascination of its own4 ,it is a truth preserved to us in the popular phrase1 8tasting blood40 ,those who come under the spell grow into maniacs1 fiends in human shape1 who1 having plotted their first murder to gain some end that seems irresistibly desirable1 find an unexpected and terrible excitement in it1 and go on to the second from an irresistible desire to taste that dreadful pleasure again4 ,these men are the legendary figures of horror--,bluebeard of the nursery1 ,jack the ,ripper of history4 ,when ,germany resolved to assault the civilization of the centuries and conquer the western world before that world grew too strong to be conquered1 having no other motive than to annex the territories and steal the wealth of neighboring nations who had done her no harm1 she embarked upon a course of crime on so vast and appalling a scale that she was doomed to exemplify in her own monstrous person the whole psychology of crime4 ,it is quite likely that the first murders committed in ,belgium were done not for the love of killing1 but with the excellent 787 military purpose of terrorizing a conquered population1 and so lessening the necessity for a garrison to keep them in order4 ,the first murders of ,english men1 women1 and children1 perpetrated at the bombardment of ,yarmouth1 ,scarborough1 and ,whitby1 may have been intended merely as a demonstration that ,germany could strike even at an island that was impregnable4 ,the first use of the submarine against a merchant ship may have been made in the hope that a mere demonstration of frightfulness would save her from the necessity of repeating it1 by frightening every trading ship off the sea4 ,but indulgence in blood brought upon our enemy the cruellest of all punishments4 ,it brought an insatiable appetite1 until the killing of old men and boys1 but particularly of women and small children1 has become a thing necessary to the men that do it and to the nation that sends them on their mission of murder4 ,,arthur ,,pollen4 ,illustration ,within the ,pincers ,raemaekers is a citizen of a small neutral nation1 and it is a great part of his ,european significance that he has perceived that such nations cannot really remain neutral in an ultimate and spiritual sense in a conflict like the present one4 ,whether they shall remain neutral in a purely political sense is a matter for them and for them alone to decide2 and the ,allies--in marked contrast to the consistent policy of ,prussia--have made many sacrifices in this war rather than violate justice by attempting to interfere with their liberty of decision4 ,the fact remains that there is no small1 free ,state in ,europe which does not know that the victory of ,prussia would be the end of its freedom4 ,were so abominable a conclusion to this war still thinkable1 it is certain that the independent self-governing thing called ,holland would exist no more4 ,her fate would1 indeed1 be ultimately worse than that of the martyred and ravaged ,belgian nation2 for she would not even be able to point to a heroic legend of resistance such as has always presaged the resurrection of murdered nationalities4 ,she would simply be a part of the ,prussian ,empire4 ,no ,dutchman1 with the memory of the great historic achievements of his race before his eyes1 desires her to become that4 ,indeed1 it is the whole condemnation of ,prussia that no human being outside the limits of her direct control could possibly desire such a fate for his own people4 ,yet that is unquestionably the fate that would have befallen every free people in ,europe had the conspiracy1 so long matured by ,prussia1 and so nearly successful1 accomplished what its promoters hoped4 ,,cecil ,,chesterton4 ,illustration ,german ,poison 8,now's our chance2 he's asleep40 ,mr4 ,raemaekers is1 it must be remembered1 a ,dutchman1 and a certain percentage of his 8picture sermons0 is addressed especially to the 8congregation of faithful ,dutch people0 and meant first and foremost to be understood1 and taken to heart1 by them4 ,this is one4 ,a ,german officer1 whose spurs act as a sort of cloven hoof and betray his real character1 is posing as a ,dutch pastor1 or ,predikant4 ,he wears the preacher's gown and the white bands of his sacred office1 and holds before his face an elaborate and ingenious mask1 representing the fat and foolish face1 the snowy whiskers and innocent 8goggles0 of a pastor1 surmounted by his professional tall hat1 which it will be noticed is only the front half of the 8cylinder40 ,the contrast of the real face behind the mask1 with its grin of low cunning1 is very clever4 ,armed with this disguise1 he has crept up to a ,dutch fisherman1 a ,vollendammer or some one of this sort1 in his fur cap1 and broad-beamed breeches1 peacefully sleeping on the shores of the ,zuyder ,zee1 and1 like ,hamlet's treacherous stepfather1 8stealing upon his secure hour0 pours into his ear from a phial the 8leperous distilment0 of falsehood1 which1 if it is not to take his life1 is to poison his mind and whole being4 ,for the ,dutch1 doubtless1 there is some special allusion1 and perhaps the mask may suggest a portrait4 ,but for all men everywhere the meaning is patent enough4 ,poison gas and poisoned wells are not the only poisoned weapons the ,german has used against the ,allies--including our ,dutch compatriots in ,southwest ,africa--or against neutrals the world over4 ,the moral air we breathe1 the wells of truth--he has sought to poison these also1 and has not hesitated to enlist either the ,catholic priest or the ,lutheran pastor in his sinister service4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,the ,organization of ,victory by ,imposture ,the professorial pedant who directs the internal administration of the ,prussian autocracy has created a system which justly rouses the admiration of all who study the methods of cleverness and ingenuity4 ,the last ounce of food is weighed out1 the last egg is counted and distributed1 and the last pfennig is taken from the safe of the private individual for the use of the ,state and replaced by the paper of ,war ,loans4 ,it is an astonishing triumph of economy and skill1 but to ,raemaekers it is all imposture4 ,such achievements of mere cleverness mean nothing to him2 he knows that this is not the truth of the world1 for he cannot hear in it any trace of the harmony and the divine music of the universe2 and here he points the real fact that lies under and behind this whole pretentious sham4 ,the very ham which lies on the table is merely wood1 painted to look like a ham1 while the safe is labelled in ,dutch with the words3 8,all is gold that glitters in here40 ,the wisdom of experience struck out the proverb 8,all is not gold that glitters10 but the official direction of the ,german ,empire will have it that everything that glitters in the ,german bureau is gold4 ,the future will reveal whether that proverb or the new professorial dictum is correct4 ,the ,dutch artist has no doubt about it4 ,the official who is now putting on his coat is going to button it over a great cushion of imposture1 which will give him the appearance of good feeding and good condition of body4 ,he has arranged his wares to deceive the people and to make them think that they have everything1 when they have only the barest minimum4 ,what more should they require8 ,everything that is needed is at their disposal1 whether it be food or wood4 ,what more could they want8 ,the world wants a good deal more1 but the docile ,german is content--up to a certain point4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay4 ,illustration ,wittenberg ,the 8,black ,hole of ,calcutta0 and the 8,well of ,cawnpore10 those dark spots on the history of ,india1 stand out in their blackness against fairly light surroundings4 ,wittenberg1 as dark in its way as either1 scarcely stands out in the ,history of ,brutality which is the history of the ,german conduct of the great war4 ,the terrible thing about ,germany is the fact that she seems to have taken out letters patent for vileness2 that vileness has become her right and prerogative1 and that the neutral nations have accepted the fact as a natural one4 ,a very mean man1 once he gets a reputation for meanness1 can commit mean acts without raising much adverse comment4 ,in the same way ,germany1 by a system of uniform brutality1 can commit 8,wittenbergs0 without creating any great excitement in the minds of neutral onlookers4 ,if ,england were to starve her ,german prisoners and set dogs on them and thrash them1 and force them to labor after the fashion of ,germany1 the howl of outraged neutrals would be heard through the two ,americas and the ,scandinavias4 ,germany does these things and worse1 and there is no excitement over the business4 ,it is the ,german method4 ,but1 thank ,god1 the future of humanity is not in the hands of the neutrals1 and the men whose part it will be to punish crimes will remember ,wittenberg4 ,if not1 ,raemaekers will remind them4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration ,the ,broken ,alliance ,the birth of ,italy as a national unity was one of the great events of ,europe1 and nowhere was this struggle of a people toward freedom and a right to decide the future destiny of ,italy more sympathetically encouraged1 more warmly applauded1 than in ,england4 ,then were laid and firmly set the foundations of friendship which were later to bring ,italy and ,england into close and lasting alliance4 ,italian freedom was1 however1 long hampered by the yoke of forced subservience to the ,central ,european ,powers4 ,germany1 more positive in her policy than ,great ,britain1 lost no time in riveting on ,italy's wrists the fetters of financial1 industrial1 and commercial thraldom4 ,englishmen1 who could have prevented this1 did nothing1 and the new country1 without developed resources1 fell an easy prey to the barbarous ,german and the bullying ,austrian4 ,in this cartoon ,raemaekers has succeeded in typifying the dominant feature of ,austrian rule4 ,the face of ,austria is that of the bullying1 brutal1 and bestial police official1 who sought to drive ,italy as he has been accustomed to drive the unfortunate races which a series of cold-blooded and calculating international conferences and agreements have put under his heel4 ,the ,german type1 the bland ,hun1 we are familiar with2 the ,austrian is new4 ,he stands1 kourbash in hand1 baffled and snarling at the thought of freedom--for to him freedom is anathema4 ,it is true that nothing was more certain than that ,italy would break her manacles4 ,strong in the virile force of a people sentient with national purpose and every day more truly finding themselves1 no greater blow has been struck at the military despots of ,berlin than the breaking free of ,italy4 ,the war has brought into being the real1 new ,italy--serious of purpose and ardent of aspiration--who till now has been unable to show herself1 cramped and fettered by the medieval military chains of ,germany and ,austria4 ,,alfred ,,stead4 ,illustration ,the ,shower-,bath ,president ,wilson lends himself to caricature and the art of the cartoonist almost as readily as does the ,kaiser himself4 ,we fancy that the war will be over ere the average ,british mind grasps either the magnitude of the task of the ,president of the ,united ,states or the underlying principles which have actuated him throughout4 ,it has been the custom with many people 7and this has been as marked in the ,united ,states as in ,great ,britain7 to condemn the ,president for 8kid glove0 diplomacy1 weakness1 and indecision4 ,and upon the surface one is bound to admit that there appear to be grounds for both criticism and disappointment4 ,one would need to have the archives of the ,foreign ,office at one's disposal to form a just and perfectly informed judgment concerning ,president ,wilson's 8line of least resistance40 ,perhaps an ,american has put the matter as succinctly as anyone4 8,it needs a really strong man10 he said1 8to keep one's fingers out of a pie like the ,european ,war4 ,a free people do not see another free people1 and a weak nation at that1 trampled1 murdered1 and destroyed1 at least for the time being1 by the greatest fighting machine in ,europe without wanting to cut in4 ,but ,i guess the best day's work ,america and ,wilson have done for the ,allies has been to keep out of it4 ,some day you'll see that we were cutting ice for you all the time40 ,time will perhaps make clear what some of us only suspect4 ,whatever shortcomings ,president ,wilson may appear to us to have as an active champion of right and civilization against hideous wrong and barbarism1 he is a past-master in the art of the diplomatic shower-bath1 as the ,kaiser and his unscrupulous minions in the ,united ,states have discovered more than once4 ,every attempt to lead him into hostile acts toward the ,allies1 every skilful diplomatic ruse which was engendered with the object of involving ,america in hostilities1 has been quietly but effectively countered by the ,president4 ,he appears to have had the chain of the shower-bath ever in his hand4 ,and the verbal 8douches0 administered1 though couched in the unemotional phraseology of diplomacy1 have always been effective4 ,the officials of the ,wilhelmstrasse must have abandoned hope long ago4 ,and1 in the words of an ,american friend1 8they must turn up their collars and get out umbrellas and prepare for some rain when a diplomatic note arrives from ,wilson40 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,the ,anniversary ,bouquet ,there remain yet a few people who state that1 in beginning this world war1 ,germany did not anticipate such slaughter as she has had to compass2 but these are the people who have not studied the apostle of war whom ,raemaekers portrays as presenting this bouquet of babies' heads4 ,this cartoon was first published in ,august1 #aiae1 and was commemorative of the results of one year of war4 ,it gained in significance during the second year1 for to ,belgium must be added ,serbia1 scene of unspeakable crimes against the civilian populace1 and ,armenia1 of which the full horrors will never be told1 since none of the victims remain to tell them4 ,in these later days1 when the whole world can see that ,germany is fighting a losing fight1 one might admire the grim way in which the victors are made to pay for every step of the path they have yet to tread2 if their hands were clean one might call magnificent the dogged courage of the fighting men who resist our own4 ,but the list of slaughtered women and children is too long1 the violation of the laws of humanity is too complete4 ,this grinning barbarian with his bouquet is the ,german that the world will remember1 not those exceptions to his kind who1 by humanity in the presence of wounded enemies1 have made themselves noteworthy--merely by their rarity4 ,in the last phase of the war1 that in which approaching defeat is plainly evident1 the ,german fights well--and so does a rat when it is cornered4 ,raemaekers' symbol of the bouquet is not less to be kept in mind1 nor would there be any hope of justice in the settlement if the victors1 in generosity to a beaten foe1 should forget it4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration ,the ,stranded ,submarine ,the circumstances of the incident depicted in this cartoon are well known4 ,a ,british submarine was stranded1 helpless1 on the ,danish coast4 ,its men were lined up--as men once lined up on the ,birkenhead--and stood at attention while ,german guns poured shell on them and their craft4 ,further1 this happened in ,danish territorial waters1 where1 by all the laws of humanity1 and by the law of nations as well1 the crew of the submarine were entitled to consider themselves immune4 ,had there been any respect for international law on the part of their aggressors1 they would have been immune4 ,now1 if one observes the faces of the two ,german naval officers in the cartoon1 it is easy to understand why such outrages as this have come about4 ,raemaekers knows his ,german1 and1 whether he is portraying officer or man1 emperor or soldier1 he takes care in each case to bring out the fact that the man represented belongs to a nation that has either lost1 or has not yet found1 a soul4 ,these two who stand above the guns are two of the world's materialists1 men who understand only that the end must be accomplished1 no matter what the means may be4 ,from their soulless philosophy has arisen not only incidents like these1 but the manufacture of a ,german ,god1 such as the speeches of the ,kaiser describe4 ,there has arisen1 too1 the denial of ,western ,christianity altogether in a certain patronage of ,islam1 designed to placate ,turkish opinion1 a patronage that is inconsistent even with the worship of the ,german ,god4 ,it is all means to the one end1 world domination4 ,germany has set out to gain the whole world1 and has lost what soul she had4 ,striving to set herself above the law1 she has merely placed herself outside the law1 and for this her punishment is at hand4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration ,herod's ,nightmare ,certain publications in neutral countries1 notably in ,america1 have given room in their pages during the course of the war to little sketches--obviously part of the ,german system of propaganda--designed to show that the ,allied estimate of ,german barbarities is at the very least a huge exaggeration1 and is possibly altogether fabricated4 ,the term 8undue sentimentality0 is frequently used2 travelers in the occupied territories are represented as seeing the inhabitants quite contented under ,german rule and surprised at the mention of atrocities4 ,their conquerors are quite good people1 necessarily subjecting them to strict discipline1 but in no way unjust4 ,there may have been atrocities somewhere1 at some time1 but these travellers cannot get any reliable accounts of them4 ,many of the papers that publish this sort of thing are probably quite ignorant of its source2 others1 of course1 do so with full knowledge of the merits of the case and of the reason for its publication4 ,evidence collected on oath from sufferers is ignored1 and so cleverly are these little sketches done that one is inclined to believe the ,german is not so black as he has been painted4 ,but not one of these sketches ever ventures near the subject of the ,lusitania1 the ,arabic1 the ,scarborough bombardment1 or ,louvain--or any other of those horrors that are established beyond question in the minds of men4 ,and wherever these ,german efforts at lulling the world's conscience by sophistries appear1 there should this cartoon appear also1 as a corrective4 ,throughout half the world these murdered children lie under earth and water1 and to forget them in the day when ,germany fears to add more to their number would be to share this modern ,herod's infamy4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration 8,my ,beloved ,people0 ,the old emperor of ,austria was said to have very vague ideas about the present war4 ,according to one fairly well authenticated story1 he sometimes fancied himself in #ahff1 and hoped that his troops were killing a great many of those infernal ,prussians4 ,but ,ferdinand of ,bulgaria is no imbecile4 ,he is not a very able man1 though certain journalists have extolled his talents2 he is merely cunning and ambitious4 ,his subjects do not love him4 ,he is very extravagant1 and preferred1 even before the war1 to spend some eight months of the year in other countries1 where the opportunities for amusement are greater than at ,sofia4 ,he is also a great stickler for etiquette1 which his subjects despise1 and his court is a queer mixture of complicated ceremony and bohemian license4 ,the ,bulgarians have always disliked him1 and his policy in involving them in a war with ,russia is not likely to stimulate their loyalty4 ,we cannot wonder that he feels safer in a neutral country1 such as ,switzerland4 ,bulgaria is a classic land of political assassination2 every year several unpopular politicians are 8removed10 and no one thinks much about it4 ,ferdinand's chances of dying in his bed are not favorable1 unless he decides to say good-bye to his 8beloved people40 ,in that case1 he may find distraction at ,monte ,carlo1 which knows him well2 and the sturdy peasants of ,bulgaria1 who have many good qualities1 will be well rid of a knave4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,inge1 ,dean of ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,illustration ,on ,their ,way to ,verdun ,some time ago ,louis ,raemaekers drew a cartoon entitled 8,on ,their ,way to ,calais10 representing ,german corpses floating toward the sea4 ,it will be remembered that the ,belgians let water into their dykes and so flooded great tracts of the northern country4 ,the inundation was one of the obstacles--added to the determination of the ,allies-which balked the second great ambition of the ,kaiser4 ,if he failed in winning ,paris1 he thought that at least he might win ,calais4 ,the present picture portrays another of the ,german failures4 ,the road to ,verdun is blocked not only by the gallant resistance of the ,french1 but by the heaps of ,german slain1 amounting1 we are told1 to at least five hundred thousand men4 ,in six months the enemy gained only a mile or so of country1 and though the furious attacks continue1 there is no reason for thinking they will be more successful than those which have broken down in the past4 ,why the ,germans elected to make their desperate assault on ,verdun is another matter4 ,probably many motives entered into the decision4 ,the ,german higher staff clearly underrated the fighting value of the ,french4 ,after the much-advertised determination to smash the ,russians on the ,eastern frontier1 and perhaps to press forward and capture ,petrograd1 it seemed necessary to gain some triumph in order to satisfy the wishes of ,berlin and impress the ,allies with the invincible character of the ,teuton hosts4 ,supposing the enemy succeeded in taking ,verdun1 it would at all events be a spectacular victory1 even though the military advantages might not be great4 ,if the attack failed1 at all events it might succeed in one of its objects--to destroy the ,french morale4 ,therefore the ,crown ,prince1 whose susceptibilities were also to be considered1 was set to work to destroy the ,french salient1 and he has sacrificed division after division to accomplish his purpose4 ,the ,crown ,prince has not obtained much distinction in the present war1 and if the object was to crown him with laurels of victory1 the result has been disastrous4 ,to lose as many as five hundred thousand men1 when the question of man-power is becoming serious for the ,central ,empires1 is a reckless policy which could only be justified1 if justified at all1 by a colossal success4 ,as we know1 in six months' fighting the positions remained very much the same--attack and counter-attack1 loss and gain1 masses of ,germans driven up to slaughter and the ,french still holding the much-coveted positions4 ,both east and west of the ,meuse the story has been the same4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers' picture remains as true to the facts as ever it was4 8,on ,their ,way to ,verdun0 is a history of enormous massacre and little triumph for the ,germans1 to whom ,verdun appeared originally an easy prey4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,courtney4 ,illustration ,bethmann-,hollweg's ,peace ,song ,one felt interested in the 8,campaign for ,honorable ,peace10 until it was learned that the propagandists designed to proceed on ,herr ,bethmann-,hollweg's formula4 ,but the map to which the ,german ,chancellor referred has already altered since he offered it as a basis for negotiation1 and before the ,german speakers have stumped the ,fatherland it may happen that still deeper modifications will appear on the existent lines4 ,the 8honorable peace0 at present in the minds of ,prince ,wedel and his committee bears a suspicious resemblance to a very respectable victory for ,germany1 and it is only the continued1 carefully fostered ignorance of that country that can make the forthcoming campaign less ridiculous to the ,german man-in-the-street than it appears to ourselves4 ,the ,kaiser's sham door is still stuffed with high explosives1 and ,herr ,bethmann-,hollweg's tears will help to water no olive branch4 ,consider the only possible conditions of peace that do not involve a treasonable attitude of mind in ,england and the ,allies1 and then observe ,germany's attitude to those conditions4 ,we may reduce the vital points to three1 with ,m4 ,gustave ,herv2 and in taking his terms1 be it remembered that we speak with the lips of a great man and a great pacifist4 ,he recognizes the awful need to destroy the domination of the ,central ,powers and crush ,german militarism for the sake of his own ideals2 and1 that done1 dreams of the only possible peace and sees it based on a triple foundation4 ,the first and obvious need is that which the ,union of ,democratic ,control and those who think in its terms seem unable to perceive as the most vital3 a defeated ,germany4 ,germany is the obstacle that militates against any sort of future safety for great or small ,states4 ,it follows1 therefore1 that until we can impose our peace ideal upon her1 no ,allied peace worthy the name is possible2 and since our terms must be profoundly distasteful to ,germany and her first accomplice1 it is vain to present them until her power to decline them has been destroyed4 ,only from a vanquished ,germany may the remaining vital conditions of peace follow4 ,with her defeat she must be called upon to scrap the fatal poisons that led to her insanity1 and take her daily food no more from the hands of war lords1 hireling professors1 and publicists4 ,she must be cleansed1 freed of her seven devils1 and taught that the only sovereign power human progress can henceforth recognize is the sovereignty of a people's will4 ,for the fighting kingdoms know now at this bitter cost one eternal truth3 that not nations1 but their rulers will wars and make them4 ,if ideals of internationalism falter before this condition1 and ,m4 ,herv's peace will increase the enthusiasm of nationality1 his far-reaching view sees greater hopes beyond4 ,for his third stipulation allows no subject peoples4 ,he would have ,europe found a practical and living system of justice upon these ruins--a system sprung of honor and honesty1 and based on international physical strength4 ,from such a system federation must sooner or later spring1 and the peace ideals of nationalist and internationalist alike grow from dreams into realities4 ,the victory that can win such terms will in truth be 8a victory of industry1 commerce1 the arts1 and humanity40 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,a ,german 8,victory0 ,although this manifestation of the ,german spirit is new1 and belongs to this war only1 yet the spirit itself is as old as ,prussian power4 ,that spirit was evident in #ahac1 in the ,napoleonic wars2 it was evident in the campaign of ,sadowa1 and again in the ,franco-,german war of #ahgj1 when the murder of women and children was proved to be the ,prussian form of retaliation for perfectly legitimate acts of war4 ,this cartoon1 which first appeared after one of the earlier ,zeppelin raids on ,england1 gives another result of the ,prussian belief in terrorism as an aid to war2 the result is new1 but the policy behind it is old4 ,because that policy is old1 and is a deep-rooted principle of ,prussianism1 any talk of 8peace terms0 is futile1 and the 8honorable peace0 of which ,german deputies talk in their gatherings is an impossibility4 ,there can be no terms for the nation that does these things1 no bargaining with it1 and the world that has wakened to the real nature of the thing which has attacked civilization will take care that the thing itself has no power to impose 8terms0 in the day when peace returns4 ,it is worth noting that ,germany alone among the nations has built ,zeppelins1 and worthy of note1 too1 that these machines have served no useful military purpose in the decisive actions of the war4 ,along the battle fronts they do not appear1 for they are too fragile to be risked in purely military work4 ,in the great naval battle of ,jutland they served no useful purpose1 and the war has proved them instruments of murder1 safe only in darkness and undefended areas4 ,and in saying that ,germany alone has built them in fleets1 one says that ,germany alone has pinned faith to terrorism and a policy of murder1 which is steadily winning its just reward4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration 8,waiting0 ,imperial utterances are1 or were till lately1 treated with great respect in ,germany4 ,what the 8all-highest0 says must surely be true4 ,but a modern oracle1 if he wishes to keep his credit1 should avoid prediction4 ,he may falsify the past and misread the present with impunity2 but he will be wise to leave the future alone4 ,the ,kaiser has been imprudent4 ,he began by telling his troops to walk over the 8contemptible little ,british army10 the finest and most experienced professional soldiers in the world2 next he informed them that they would all be at home again 8at the fall of the leaf10 in #aiad2 then he hazarded the statement that ,russia was done for1 and the ,allies generally at the end of their resources2 and lastly the carefully prepared thrust1 which1 he declared1 was to give ,france the coup de grce1 has missed its aim4 ,it is impolite to treat an emperor in this way2 he is not used to it and does not like it4 ,it is the business of his subjects to see that his reign is a blaze of triumph4 ,a breakdown after so many years of rehearsals6 ,it is really too bad2 there must have been gross mismanagement somewhere4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,inge1 ,dean of ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,illustration ,the ,kaiser as a ,diplomatist ,to many people1 and especially to all ,germans1 the attitude of the ,south ,african ,boers in the ,great ,war has been one of its most surprising features4 ,it was not a surprise to ,raemaekers1 and here1 in this cartoon1 he states his reason1 as the plain homely figure of the old ,president ,kruger expresses it to ,general ,christian de ,wet1 who took the wrong side4 ,kruger does not forget how the ,kaiser led him on by telegrams and secret messages of sympathy1 and after all1 when the war broke out in ,south ,africa1 this same ,kaiser made no attempt to implement his promises4 ,some time later all the world learned the facts from the ,kaiser's own lips1 when he boasted of having been the friend of the ,british and of having helped them during the ,south ,african ,war1 by communicating to ,general ,roberts a strategic plan for crushing the ,dutch4 ,there is certainly no reason to suppose that ,roberts or ,kitchener made any use of the ,kaiser's plan1 because they won the victory4 ,if they had used the plan1 the result would have been different4 ,in this cartoon the ,kaiser is the ingenious diplomatist once more4 ,though he deceived the ,dutch formerly1 he is now trying to induce them to join him against ,britain2 and he did succeed in perverting the judgment of de ,wet4 ,but the solid1 homely sense of the ,dutch came to the right conclusion4 ,the man who has once deliberately deceived a people is not likely to succeed in deceiving them a second time4 ,,william ,,mitchell ,,ramsay4 ,illustration ,hun ,hypocrisy ,when the history of this war is written with a sense of detachment which only time can give--written1 moreover1 by an impartial neutral1 with the insight and intelligence of a ,motley or a ,hume--it will be interesting and instructive to read the chapters which deal with the conviction obsessing an entire nation that ,england for some mysterious purposes of her own brought about hostilities1 and that ,germany1 very reluctantly1 was forced to draw the sword in defense of the fatherland4 ,no reasonable man can doubt that this conviction is sincere upon the part of a large majority of our enemies4 ,from first-hand evidence it is equally indisputable that the few1 the ,court ,party1 for example1 and certain writers1 have frankly admitted the ,teuton aims and ambitions1 crystallized into the famous phrase--8,weltmacht oder ,niedergang40 ,the amazing thing--perhaps the most amazing fact of the war--is the moral ,atlantic which heaves between the few who know and the many who do not4 ,and the bridging of this illimitable ocean1 the future enlightenment of at least sixty million persons1 must be1 for the moment1 the problem which is perplexing and tormenting the minds of the ,great ,general ,staff4 ,sooner or later--sooner1 possibly1 than we think--the truth must out4 ,what will happen then8 ,conjecture is simply paralyzed at the issues involved4 ,briefly1 it comes to this3 these sixty millions have been humbugged to an extent unparalleled in history4 ,during three years they have been gorged with lies1 swallowed always with avidity and with increasing appetite4 ,the credulity of the ignorant may be taken for granted2 in this case it is the credulity of the wise1 the so-called intellectuals of ,germany1 which clamors to ,heaven for explanation4 ,are these schoolmasters1 publicists1 theologians1 and scientists hypocrites8 ,that is the question which our cartoonist puts to us here4 ,that is the question which the impartial historian will be called upon to answer4 ,englishmen1 with the rarest exceptions1 have answered that question already4 ,we believe firmly that the informed ,huns deliberately befooled their uninformed fellow-countrymen4 ,the few were honest and sincere in the ,jesuitical faith that the end1 world dominion1 justified the means4 ,they scrapped ruthlessly all principles which stood between themselves and an insensate ambition4 ,had they won through to ,paris and ,london1 a nation drunk with victory would have acclaimed their policy4 ,but they have not won through1 and the reckoning has to be met4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell4 ,illustration ,the ,prussian ,guard ,the ,german army has fought in this war with the ,allies in front of it and behind it the ,german press4 ,never has a war been accompanied by such ink-shed and such wholesale massacre of truth4 ,the ,allies have done their bit in this direction1 but their bit has been as a mole-hill to ,everest compared with the work of the ,central ,powers4 ,the fighting men resent it4 ,they don't like to be told that their foe is a fool1 even if they are getting the better of him4 ,when they are getting the worse the statement is a more peculiarly exasperating insult4 ,they don't like to be told that their victories are defeats1 but they like even less to be told that their defeats are victories4 ,in the one case they feel that the press men are fools1 in the other they feel that the press men have made fools of them4 ,there is a whole lot of common sense in human nature1 even in ,german human nature1 and an army hit in its common sense receives a blow4 ,this is why1 perhaps1 ,hindenburg has been issuing reports lately approaching the truth4 ,there is a lot of common sense in the old ,marshal4 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration ,greek ,treachery ,raemaekers is a keen prophetic politician as well as satirist1 and not seldom his pencil has pointed to future events as yet unanticipated by our 8sufficient for the day0 diplomacy4 ,one would have thought1 however1 that the tergiversation of the ,king of ,greece had made it sufficiently clear no good thing could come out of his country while he continued to rule it4 ,yet justice must be done to him4 ,to ,serbia1 indeed1 he proved false1 borrowing the 8scrap of paper0 doctrine from his masters2 but to the ,allies he has preserved an unchanging front1 and the logical action of those ,powers who affirmed his throne should long ago have been to remove him from it1 when he proceeded to abuse the constitution and deprive ,venizelos of the power the nation had put into that minister's hands4 ,hesitancy and delay have divided a ,greece that was united when ,venizelos fell1 and the sleepless activity of ,germany bears the present fruits--so poisonous for us4 ,it passes the wit of the man-in-the-street to understand what secret influence permitted the deadlock2 but it seems hard to believe that difficulties connected with ,greece's future have not arisen in the councils of the ,allies4 ,soon the hand that is willing to wound1 but afraid to strike1 may be powerless to do so1 for the situation develops very swiftly and the attitude of the ,french ,admiral du ,fournet has left no doubt of the ,allied determination4 ,as we write1 after needless bloodshed1 ,greece gives way1 the fighting is at an end and her batteries of mountain guns are about to be surrendered4 ,we are told1 also1 that the refusal of the ,government was not inspired by the ,king1 but by the military1 who have formed a secret league with the reservists4 ,the exasperating problem of ,greece has delayed progress very seriously and1 indeed1 may be seen to have modified the whole course of the war in the ,balkans2 for had we enjoyed her confidence and insisted on the recognition of ,venizelos from the first1 the country must long since have become an ally4 ,with her aid1 instead of the withdrawal from ,gallipoli1 there might have been recorded a triumphant campaign with radical results4 ,but to cry over spilt milk is no business of the present4 ,concerning the modern ,greek it may be written that 8unstable as water1 he shall not excel02 but we can yet hope that with our adequate recognition and support of the only ,greek who counts1 his power will triumph and his great spirit fortify a feeble people4 ,his marvellous patience has been worthy of our utmost admiration1 and those who would withhold absolute support from him at this critical juncture are certainly not the friends of ,greece4 ,that a country of such majestic tradition--a nation that has played her paramount part in the philosophy and art of the world--should be extinguished in this conflagration would not be the least of the tragedies our eyes may yet see2 but the danger still exists1 unless a sterner and more comprehensive attitude be taken to save ,greece from herself and the ruler who is still permitted to occupy her throne4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,world's ,judgment ,seat ,the former ,german ,chancellor was well known to be neither a ,pan-,german nor a lover of war4 ,he did his best to propitiate the war party by the truculence of his harangues against ,england2 but ,reventlow and his friends were notoriously dissatisfied with him4 ,he probably belongs to a large class of moderate-minded ,germans who were brought over to the war party by appeals to their fears4 ,the militarists dinned into their ears the ominous facts that ,russia was reorganizing and increasing her army1 and planning strategic railways2 that ,france was doing the same2 that everything pointed to a concerted attack upon ,germany1 say in #aiag4 8,it is absolutely necessary10 they said1 8to strike now1 before our enemies are ready40 ,this large class probably included the emperor1 and without its concurrence the war could hardly have been launched4 ,it is natural for such men to protest that they had no aggressive designs1 and that they only wished to protect themselves against attack4 ,it may be true1 as far as they are concerned2 but it is not true of the soldiers who frightened them for their own ends4 ,behind the ,chancellor1 in this picture1 hides a ruffian in uniform4 ,it is also true that ,germany has conducted the war in such a manner that that nation is really fighting with a rope round its neck4 ,the moderate party would now welcome peace4 ,but on what terms8 ,these have been divulged2 but the ,allies do not seem to have thought them worth serious consideration4 ,as long as the military caste is the director of ,german policy it does not seem likely that any statesmanlike proposal will come from ,berlin4 ,meanwhile1 ,justice holds the scales and waits in vain for some offer to make reparation for outrages unparalleled in civilized warfare4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,inge4 ,illustration ,the ,kaiser's ,cry for ,peace ,a drowning man catches at straws4 ,the ,kaiser1 when the rising waters threaten to overwhelm his bark1 looks for salvation to the dove4 ,at fairly regular intervals through the length of the war the ,german ,chancellor1 speaking in his master's name1 has announced to an unsympathetic world--to the western as well as to the eastern hemisphere--that ,germany is ready1 nay is longing1 for peace--for peace on her own terms4 ,none can doubt the sincerity of the declaration4 ,her powerful preparations have yielded her1 in the field and on the sea1 successes of a kind1 but they are successes which decide nothing4 ,her reiterated pleas for peace acknowledge that only the voluntary withdrawal of her foes from the fray can assure her a final triumph4 ,the ,kaiser and his friends profess from time to time that they are weary of war's brutalities and are eager to enjoy its spoils unmolested4 ,the fatuous cry rings very hollow in the ears of the ,allies and neutral peoples alike1 and humanity outside ,germany and her impotent kinsfolk in ,america marvel at the ,kaiser's and his ,chancellor's waste of breath4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers' cartoon supplies the key to the situation4 ,the tide1 despite all local and temporary appearances to the contrary1 is running against the ,kaiser4 ,his men and money are dwindling4 ,foolhardy exploits1 which speciously look like victories1 are straining his resources to the breaking point4 ,the waves are buffeting him1 and unless the dove1 which he releases from his hand1 brings back to him tidings of a falling flood--tidings beyond all rational hope1 his doom is sure4 ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,illustration ,tit for ,tat ,this cartoon illustrates what is1 perhaps1 the fundamental principle which governs ,kultur4 ,the 8,will to ,conquer0 has become such an obsession that it defies not only law1 but also those instinctive and primitive compromises upon which law establishes itself4 ,the ,huns say3 8,i hold you to your obligations2 ,i scrap mine40 ,a ,hun can sell munitions to belligerents4 ,during the ,boer ,war they supplied ,england with anything she wanted4 ,but it is monstrous1 according to the ,hun code1 that ,uncle ,sam should munition the ,allies4 ,the ,huns starved the women and children of ,france4 ,but it is abominable that ,hun women and children should be starved by ,england4 ,one could cite a score of such instances4 ,raemaekers remembers the treatment accorded by the 8,all ,highest0 to ,oom ,paul4 ,so does everybody--except1 apparently1 the 8,all ,highest0 himself4 ,he and his expected the cordial coperation of the ,south ,africans whom they had flouted and abandoned4 ,to what can we attribute this singular expectation8 ,the answer may be found by the psychologist who has imagination enough to ,prussianize himself1 and to look1 panoramically1 at the world from the ,prussian viewpoint4 ,prussia still believes in ,weltmacht4 ,a ,prussian is self-constituted a superman4 ,so convinced is he of world victory that he is amazed and exasperated with those--be they weak or powerful--who dare to question his future supremacy4 ,that supremacy1 as he admits candidly1 must be established by force4 ,he proposes to rule by fear4 ,he is confounded when he discovers that there are men and women who do not fear him4 ,in this cartoon ,kruger puts a question which it may be instructive to attempt to answer4 ,,kruger3 8,you want my people to help you now1 and yet when ,i came to ask you for help you chased me from your door like a dog40 ,,kaiser3 8,quite true4 ,i had forgotten your little affair1 which was essentially negligible then as now4 ,had ,i helped you1 ,i might have embroiled myself with a ,great ,power with whom ,i was not ready to fight4 ,to-day1 ,i am ready4 ,behold in me1 my friend1 a ,world-,conqueror6 ,i give you my ,all-,highest word that ,i shall win4 ,what pains and perplexes me is that you don't back a certain winner4 ,hoch dem ,kaiser60 ,that1 in fine1 is the ,prussian point of view4 ,woe to those who do not realize that it 8pays0 to bow down before the juggernaut of might6 ,but there must be moments1 ever-recurring moments1 when the 8,all-,highest0 mutters to his august self3 8,what will become of ,,me if ,i don't win80 ,and at such moments he may recall the vast and pathetic figure of ,oom ,paul1 whom he chased from his door like a dog4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell4 ,illustration ,forced ,labor in ,germany ,england has always had the credit for hypocrisy4 ,the historic commonplace1 not wholly undeserved1 was this1 that with the advantages of ,puritanism1 we developed its odious features and1 from the ,commonwealth1 began to thank ,god we were not as other men4 ,the spirit then created proved anathema to the ,latin nations1 and their accusation1 founded on truth1 stuck to us4 ,but civilization may cede the distinction to ,germany henceforth1 for never until now has self-interest been practised and enforced under the name of ,god as by the fatherland4 ,their archaic deity is invoked daily1 from the ,kaiser to the last poor boy1 whose bloodstained pocket-book is found upon his corpse1 with penciled prayer that the cup may be taken from him4 ,few things have more illuminated the spirit that actuates ,germany's higher command than the answer to ,america's ,note on the subject of the ,belgian and ,french deportations4 ,america1 as might have been expected1 was peculiarly sensitive before a return to the principle of slavery4 ,none has known and felt the meaning of that awful word2 none has fought to expunge the fact from civilization as she did4 ,but her ,note met the fate of all her ,notes4 ,she was told that ,germany1 and not ,america1 is ,belgium's true friend and that an all-wise and prevenient ,government has torn out the remaining adult population of conquered territory into the bosom of the fatherland--for its own sake4 ,such transparent insults to the intelligence of a great nation were flung at ,america for two years2 but one must rejoice that the day of reckoning has come4 ,meantime the raided ,belgians1 of whom a hundred thousand have been swept into ,germany1 are working at the point of the bayonet for their conquerors1 and this drawing is no cartoon1 but a simple transcript of truth repeated in a thousand of the enemy's munition factories to-day4 ,the ,german lathe-worker joins the army1 and his place is taken by the father of those he goes to slay4 ,and neutral nations still listen patiently1 while this people proclaims itself the 8,chosen of the ,high ,god40 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,fall of the ,child-,slayer ,this is an artist's fanciful version of the headlong fall of one of those inflated monsters on which the enemy had set such high hopes4 ,well1 we have been inconvenienced not a little by them in our goings and comings by night1 and no one need pretend that he likes bombs being dropped on his or his children's heads out of a midnight sky4 ,but in the old glorious volunteering days we never had such a recruiting sergeant1 so that the military value of the ,zeppelin need not be denied4 ,apart from this manifest effect1 there has transpired in this whole business little to disturb the verdict of our optimists that there was nothing to worry about4 ,they venture only under cover of a darkness which prevents them hitting what they dimly see from their once safe heights1 which is little1 or seeing what they hit1 which is much--,england being a biggish mark4 ,and advertising their presence as burglars who knock over coal-scuttles1 a boy in an aeroplane flies over them and their miles of aluminium and acres of silk make a ,brock's benefit for an awakened city to cheer4 ,we should cheer less1 thinking with some pity of the imprisoned crews1 if the affair were conceived with less reckless vagueness1 without such disproportion between aim and result4 ,a blind ape with a ton of high explosives could do a good deal of damage in a city with ordinary luck4 ,but ,raemaekers sees this in symbol3 8a vulnerable gasbag10 he seems to say1 8flaming1 spectacular always1 to destruction40 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,the ,climber ,fritz1 apart from the blood with which he stained every rung of his two ladders1 climbed well1 as these things go2 unfortunately for him1 he was not careful at the outset to see that his ladders were solidly based4 ,not only did he base them both in bad diplomacy1 but he added to these bases a lack of understanding of the temper of the nations whom he opposed1 and then again he added a scrupulous disregard for what are generally termed the humanities4 ,he viewed mankind as subservient to the machinery that mankind should control1 whether it be machinery of government1 of war1 of trade1 or of thought and philosophy4 ,organization was of more moment to him than the spirit that should control organization1 and for that he will pay the penalty4 ,one may observe1 with a second glance at this cartoon1 that though ,fritz has reached very nearly to the tops of his two ladders1 yet he will never get beyond the last rungs1 even if he steadies himself and his supports sufficiently to get on to those rungs4 ,for over his head there outthrusts a ledge4 ,could he surmount it1 he might overlook the world1 and one may call that ledge the universal conscience1 which the artist has pictured elsewhere in different form4 ,it is the last obstacle1 and it is insurmountable4 ,with his crimes and cruelties1 it is unthinkable that ,fritz should ever finish his climb1 for the conscience of the world will not permit it4 ,and yet another point that the cartoon suggests4 ,this climber1 the typical ,german1 is not the stuff of which successful climbers are made4 ,muscle is there1 and a certain amount of brain1 but success in an enterprise of such magnitude demands a soul1 and for sign of that one may look in vain4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration ,culture at ,wittenberg ,ecce ,homo6 ,in the hideous record of what took place at ,wittenberg1 the fact which to me1 personally1 stands out in grotesque salience is the cowardice of the ,hun doctors1 who lied1 incontinent1 from the ravages of the pestilence which their negligence had provoked4 ,in ,england1 before the war1 ,hun doctors were exalted above our own4 ,that we owe much to their indefatigable patience and research cannot be denied4 ,to belittle their achievements1 especially in bacteriology1 would be fatuous4 ,and it would be as fatuous to indict the courage of the many because we hold indisputable evidence of the cowardice of the few4 ,nevertheless1 the facts of ,wittenberg remain1 an indelible stain upon the ,herren ,professoren1 and ,raemaekers1 in this cartoon1 indicates unerringly the cause which brought about so ignominious a retreat4 ,they had turned their faces from that ineffable ,face which looks down in sorrow and pity upon the sufferings of ,mankind4 ,however we may regard that ,face1 whether as a precious symbol of the ,love which redeemed the world or as a ,real and ,divine ,presence1 this much is certain4 ,what ,it stands for in the history of civilization cannot be ignored4 ,it sustained the early martyrs and countless myriads since during bitter hours of suffering and torment2 ,it has illumined all battlefields2 ,it shines most steadfastly in storm and stress2 ,it loses its incomparable splendor only in the sunshine of a too smug prosperity4 ,the doctors of ,wittenberg may have glimpsed ,it1 and glimpsing ,it reviled ,it6 ,even to them that ,face1 divested by them of divine attributes1 must possess a material significance1 inasmuch as none can escape sorrow and pain4 ,the cartoonist portrays the 8,all-,highest0 hiding behind the colossal image of ,culture1 the culture which has sprung to life at his touch1 the machine which has mastered its monarch1 the machine which defies ,god6 ,cowering behind that machine1 aghast at the power he is unable to control1 we may leave the 8,all-,highest10 who boasts that he is ,god's vice-regent upon earth4 ,culture at ,wittenberg6 ,culture bolting from ,wittenberg6 ,perhaps ,raemaekers will give us a cartoon showing the back of ,culture4 ,we behold her in this cartoon crowned3 we should like to see her uncrowned4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell4 ,illustration ,the 8,civilians0 ,here1 with a vengeance1 is majesty shorn of its externals4 ,although in this cartoon we get ,raemaekers in lighter vein1 yet the irony and force of the artist are as fully expressed as in those grimmer studies from which he who runs may read the fate of ,belgium1 of ,serbia1 and of the many non-combatants who have found death at sea through ,germany's mad dream of conquest4 ,the elder ,willie1 obviously1 does not like the set of his coat1 after the glory of his many uniforms2 the younger ,willie1 apparently1 has finished his trying on1 and from his expression the result is as much as he could expect1 and no more4 ,in both there is that suggestion of posturing1 of playing to the gallery and being determined that the clothes shall be suited to the part1 for which ,william ,hohenzollern was noted before ever this war showed him as the most infamous ruler of modern time4 ,there is a certain bitter correctness in ,raemaekers' estimate of these exalted personages4 ,shorn of their uniforms1 posturing before a mirror in a slightly ,parisian 7using the adjective in the pre-war1 foppish sense7 garb1 they show as very little men--rather contemptible1 in fact1 as1 of course1 they are4 ,for it is open to any man to dream of ruling the world1 and of setting nations by the throat for the sake of an ambition that civilization cannot tolerate2 it is open to any head of a government to set the machinery in motion which might gratify that ambition--but it is open only to a man1 in the very best of that one syllable1 to bring his ambition to fruition1 and even then only by strict adherence to natural law4 ,and these two1 posturing as ,raemaekers makes them posture here1 have ignored law2 they had the wit to dream1 but not the brain to make reality of dream1 nor the moral sense through which they might have made the world acknowledge the dream as worth while translating into actualities4 ,probably1 if they were set in a ,st4 ,helena of to-day1 they would fold their arms and try on cocked hats1 as once they tried on uniforms4 ,but though the clothes declare the man1 they cannot make of him other than he is1 and these two are mere posturers1 whatever may be their attitudes4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration ,two ,peals of ,thunder ,here the artist has depicted the ,kaiser as a modern ,ajax1 not defying the lightning but afraid of it4 ,the arch ,hun sees the neutral ,powers one by one abandoning their neutrality and entering the lists against him and his gospel of force and world-power for ,germany4 ,italy1 after slow progress and positive and seemingly disastrous set-backs1 has emerged to the fullness of a success which has proved invaluable to her ,allies as a whole4 ,in ,rumania's dark hour there is yet a gleam of hope and the indications of a dawn which shall see her triumphant and reaping where she has sown1 and ultimately honored among the nations for the part she has determined to play in the struggle for freedom and for international integrity4 ,the reward of high courage and faith is often not at the moment1 but is none the less certain for all that4 ,truly the keenest of all edges is upon the sword drawn in the cause of freedom4 ,rumania has drawn that sword1 and it will not be sheathed until freedom from tyranny has been won1 not alone for her but for the nations of ,europe as a whole4 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,a ,universal ,conscience ,nothing should have more utterly 8staggered humanity0 in the conduct and prosecution of a war that has been from first to last an exhibition of ,hunnish ferocity than the elasticity of the ,hun 8conscience40 ,the ,prussian1 indeed1 seems to have assembled in his person all the most ignoble qualities of the untutored savage1 and the most despicable vices of the political and moral ,chadband and ,stiggins of common quotation4 ,deeds which should have served to bring the whole neutral world actively upon the side of the ,allies1 which should have called forth protests that could not be misunderstood by the offenders1 have been made even more revolting and unforgivable by reason of the horrible association by the ,kaiser and his myrmidons of the ,divine ,being with them4 8,gott mit ,uns0 has not merely been adopted as a motto by a people who have been guilty of atrocities which rank with those of ,nero and ,attila1 but has been used as a cloak for deeds of diabolism which have caused a shudder to run through the civilized world4 ,and in this cartoon the artist has sought to depict an outraged conscience pointing the finger of accusation at the world which has looked on1 contenting itself with mild protests4 ,grasped in the hand of this accusing figure is the ,hun2 a dripping dagger1 which has been used to assassinate innocent women1 children1 and civilians is in one hand1 and a bomb containing poison gas in the other4 ,a ,hun with his favorite motto inscribed upon his belt4 ,surely a sight to make angels weep1 and the ,recording ,angel to seek to veil her face4 ,the ,hun at bay has added to the list of crimes to be ultimately laid at his door that of slave-raider4 ,and the tears of women and girls1 and the blood of the men who resisted the slave-raiders1 cry aloud to ,heaven from the stricken land of ,belgium and the conquered ,provinces of ,france4 ,and the slave-raider's cry is1 8,gott mit ,uns10 accompanied by the crack of rifle1 the agonized cry of mothers and daughters separated from their men folk1 and the wail of little children left to starve and die4 ,there is an old saying1 8,whom the gods wish to destroy they first make mad40 ,that madness1 productive of diabolical wickedness1 is eating into the very brain and vitals of ,germany4 ,and like a mad dog she must1 in the persons of her responsible leaders1 be destroyed utterly4 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,joan of ,arc and ,st4 ,george ,not only those who are fighting the battle of tyranny and defending force against the arms of civilization have failed to see this dazzling white light in which they stand4 ,many who now support the ,central ,kingdoms1 to the extent of desiring an indecisive peace1 are similarly blind to the pure ray which bathes these allegorical figures4 ,the foulness of the shadowed protagonists comes from within4 ,it belongs to their spirits2 and yet those who desire peace can survey facts and1 in the name of righteousness1 wish that no humility or indignity should fall upon them4 ,the hearts of men are being searched out and by their deeds shall men be judged4 ,vain1 then1 to beg that ,germany be not thrust beyond the pale of nations1 for who put her there8 ,vain to pray that no humiliation or indignity fall to her lot when peace returns1 for who have brought them upon her8 ,she has outraged herself and stands humiliated before her own conscience4 8,let no wound fall upon her inviolate land10 cry the peacemakers4 ,as well might they pray that a man shall escape the harvest he has sown4 ,not ,belgium1 not ,serbia1 not ,armenia stream with innocent blood and lie polluted under the filthiness of these premeditated crimes2 but ,germany1 ,austria1 ,turkey reek to the hearts of their capitals4 ,their kingdoms are defiled1 their streets shadowed and stained by their own abominations2 the unnumbered ghosts of murdered women and children haunt their homes4 ,let us hear no more cant that ,germany is a great and noble nation1 that the ,turk is an honorable1 clean fighter and a good friend4 ,we cannot see one or other of them for the blood and tears of their defenseless victims2 nor do we desire to see them1 nor breathe the same air with them until the lustral waters have washed and the cleansing fires have purged4 ,we must know with whom we are called to make peace before the word can touch our lips2 for shall honest kingdoms be ordered to treat with this horned murderer1 or the leprous reptile crawling away from the light into familiar darkness8 ,let the defeated nations cast out the devils that have led them into their present degradation before they dare to call upon the sacred name of ,peace4 ,a distinguished ,academician1 ,mr4 ,nicholas ,butler1 ,president of ,columbia ,university1 has very effectively voiced the situation in a recent utterance4 ,he holds that 8no greater opportunity for an act of constructive and far-reaching statesmanship has ever presented itself in modern history than that now presented to the ,governments of the ,allied ,powers40 ,may we be found equal to this tremendous task when the way to humanity's triumph has been flung open by the spirits of ,joan of ,arc and ,st4 ,george1 who typify our united arms4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,bringers of ,happiness 8,we will bring happiness to the conquered country after the war40 ,pomposity1 ponderosity1 machine-like movement1 ruthless1 cold1 and calculating logic1 which sticks at nothing1 not even the lowest of low cunning1 want of sense of humor1 the absence of anything like sportsmanship or chivalry--these are qualities which the average ,englishman does not admire1 and finds it difficult even to understand4 ,he cannot help reading his own characteristics1 which are for good and bad so different1 into other men and creatures4 ,he cannot understand their entire absence1 and it is difficult for him to believe that men so differently constituted can exist4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers wants to make us realize the fact1 to present it embodied4 ,the legitimate emphasis of his caricature has this for its object4 ,ponderous1 pompous1 pachydermatous1 self-satisfied1 fat1 successful and comfortable2 but without feeling for the comfort of others4 ,we have here the type of ,german military domination4 ,submit to ,germany and you will be happy1 in the ,german way1 which is the best way1 because it is ,german4 ,if you don't like that1 you must lump it4 ,that is the message of this speaking likeness4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,the ,old ,poilu ,of all ,raemaekers' cartoons this is the one that pleases me most4 ,it is the ,french ,army4 ,the ,grand ,army that tramped away into the night after the bugles of #ahab-ae left behind it more than a sentiment and a story4 ,it was the spirit of that army that broke the ,germans at the ,marne and held them at ,verdun1 and it is the same spirit that is holding them now on the ,somme4 ,here is the fighting face of ,france1 recalling the baggage carts of the ,beresina no less than the guns of ,austerlitz4 ,the old soldier of the ,emperor1 the old soldier of the ,republic4 ,cambronne no less than ,joffre4 ,it is the face that has seen the snows of ,russia and the sunlight on the ,pyramids1 victory and defeat1 the heights and the depths1 and always1 across all and through all1 the fair land of ,france4 ,the secret is in the eyes4 ,look at them6 ,h4 ,,de ,,vere ,,stacpoole4 ,illustration ,humanity ,torpedoed ,that really is the essence of the matter1 the summing up of the ,world ,war in an illuminating phrase4 ,the ,machine versus the ,man6 ,before the outbreak of war1 in those far-off days when we talked so glibly of human progress and civilization1 the machinery which controlled and cordinated life seemed to be a bigger thing than life itself4 ,the ,machine in politics1 in our myriad industries1 in our moments of relaxation was scrapping men relentlessly4 ,the very few perceived this and protested vigorously1 but quite in vain4 ,even in religion1 using the word in its highest sense1 the ,machine held human souls in its grip and ground them out to an approved pattern4 ,was the war inflicted upon a generation of fools to teach them wisdom8 ,it may well be so4 ,et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas6 ,juvenal's well-worn tag echoes down the centuries4 ,we ask ourselves once more the eternal question3 ,what makes life worth the living8 ,none of us1 to-day1 dares to answer that question lightly1 but all--even our enemies in the field--know by bitterest experience that ,man is greater than the ,machine1 that he soars high above it and may be crushed but not killed by it4 ,humanity may be torpedoed1 but it remains immortal4 ,our beloved dead still live4 ,and what message do they send us8 ,surely the gospel of kindness1 which has always triumphed gloriously over cruelty4 ,indeed1 the supreme lesson of the war would appear to be this1 and this only3 that kindness is the supreme virtue and cruelty the supreme vice4 ,if our enemies could be made to realize so fundamental a truth1 if the men who control the destinies of the ,allies could make it plain to the ,central ,powers that we are fighting against the ,machine in life and not against men1 the ,dove of ,peace might begin to preen its wings for flight4 ,humanity has been torpedoed1 but we look for its resurrection4 ,petard must be hoisted by petard2 that1 for the moment1 is inevitable4 ,a patched-up peace is unthinkable4 ,such a conclusion1 most happily1 has become almost universal4 ,and afterward8 ,if the hopes and aspirations of to-day bear fruit to-morrow1 may we not envisage a brighter future during these dark hours8 ,to think otherwise1 to maintain1 with whatever specious argument1 that ,force must dominate mankind1 is not merely a negation of ,christianity1 but a negation of ,humanity4 ,such is the creed of the ,hun4 ,by it he has been judged and found wanting4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell4 ,illustration ,the ,super-,hooligans ,the suggestion of this caricature is perhaps not so obvious to ,englishmen as might be wished1 for it represents the ,kaiser1 and the forces behind him1 as more broken down than we have reason to think they were1 or at any rate1 than they appeared to us at the time this cartoon first appeared4 ,it may be that to the neutrals their cause seemed less hopeful1 and more out-at-elbows1 as here depicted4 ,the continuous fall of the mark in neutral countries may mean this4 ,the figure of ,president ,wilson is at any rate exceedingly clever4 ,detached1 professorial1 contemplative1 slightly academic1 not to say donnish1 he contemplates 8,mr4 ,turveydrop0 and 8,bill ,sykes10 for such characters they appear to be1 with pensive1 amused speculation4 ,he certainly cannot expect more than swagger and sham gentility1 scarcely disguising brutal ruffianism1 from such figures4 ,but is not the reality more serious and murderous8 ,the ,kaiser is doubtless an actor1 but not quite such a shabby-genteel third-rater as this1 and his bullies are no doubt burglars and ruffians1 but not of the old-fashioned1 bludgeon type2 rather the smart1 modern operators1 armed with automatic revolvers1 oxygen blowpipes1 swift motors1 and other appliances of up-to-date science4 8,super-,hooligans0 both doubtless are1 but unfortunately not to be despised as enemies4 ,this1 however1 would be less easy to present in caricature1 and perhaps less telling4 ,the point is the folly of expecting any true 8gentleness10 or anything but a veneer of gentility1 from ,germany4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,before the ,fall ,when1 in ,august of #aiad1 the ,german hosts set out on their way to victory and yet greater victory1 they had in their minds a figure which1 for them1 had been girdled round with dignities almost sacred4 ,whatever their secret thoughts regarding this figure might have been1 it was ostensibly something very nearly sacred2 to the rest of the world it was an imperial figure1 portrayed in many attitudes1 but in practically every attitude there was the suggestion of illimitable pride4 ,the world that is not ,germany had laughed at this figure a little3 over certain telegrams1 over the assumption of genius in certain artistic fields1 and over a versatility that was almost ,neronic4 ,there was not wanting1 among free peoples1 a certain amount of contempt for this figure4 ,here you have the figure in a new attitude1 and though at the time this cartoon was published the triumphs in ,rumania were still to come1 and the ,german lines of defense were apparently as strong as ever1 yet the cartoon expressed a truth1 as do all these cartoons of ,raemaekers4 ,as insecurely as is pictured here stood this man who aped ,napoleon and ,alexander1 at whose bidding women and children were fed into the furnace of war1 through whose senseless ambition countless homes were made places of mourning for the men who would return no more4 ,more than three years of suffering1 and the face of the world changed1 the progress of the world arrested--for this6 ,beneath him is the gulf2 he has hurled millions into it1 and here postures no more as second only to omnipotence1 but waits the inevitable fall4 ,thank ,god that it is inevitable4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration ,the ,shirkers ,it is inevitable that there should be in every country degenerates who decline to play the game4 ,england has her disreputable leaven of shirkers2 ,france1 whose heroism beggars description1 has to reckon with her embusqus4 ,the serene cheerfulness with which the bitterest sacrifices are faced daily by the mass of the nations engaged in the terrible conflict1 bring into powerful relief the obliquity and depravity of the handful of men who seek to escape the heavy burden that lies upon all4 ,there is no possibility of exaggerating the mean infamy of the men who seek their own safety by skulking behind the broad backs of the defenders of their country1 when every call of duty and right demands their presence in the fighting-line4 ,it is very difficult to distinguish between the sinfulness of shirking at a crisis like the present and the crime of overt treachery4 ,no injustice would be done if every shirker were made to understand that he is liable to the traitor's penalty if he persist in his offense4 ,the repetition of conscientious objections to war1 at a time when a nation is committed to a strife in which any slackening spells for it practical annihilation1 causes graver and graver perplexity4 ,it is doubtful whether any healthy mind can now plead a conscientious objection without provoking suspicion of his powers of coherent reasoning4 ,a condition of things has arisen in which private sentiment1 however honestly cherished1 is bound to yield to public needs4 ,it is a tradition of the country in normal times to treat the conscientious objector with tenderness4 ,as far as public safety allows1 it is even now a proper function of ,government to discriminate between an honest delusion1 however anti-social1 and a wilful defiance1 from contemptible motives of selfishness or cowardice1 of right principle4 ,a very formidable danger clearly lurks in any continuance of the lax toleration which is often extended to the conscientious objector1 by virtue of the opportunity such considerate treatment offers the shirker of indulging his evil propensities4 ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,illustration ,for ,merit ,there is no doubt a certain unfairness in the inevitable wartime method of laying the burden of the crimes of war upon this or that pair of shoulders4 ,princes in particular must pay this penalty attached to their august station4 ,and few can have less just reason to complain than this slim heir of the ,hohenzollerns who so thirsted for the glory of war4 ,he has found out by now that it is a less glorious affair than it seemed when set forth in heady1 unwise speech 7after unwise dining7 from the box of a ,danzig theater4 ,deprived of his expected bays by the idiotic obstinacy of the so utterly decadent ,french1 his fond parent bestows on him the ,order pour le ,mrite with oak leaves4 ,it is not quite easy to see why4 ,surely there cannot have been any obscure sardonic reference to tanning4 ,but if1 as the artist suggests1 and the plainest reading of the facts of the fruitless ,verdun assault seems to confirm1 lives of men were squandered in a reckless attempt to save the princeling's face 7which was1 in fact1 beyond saving71 then does he richly deserve the grim decoration with which in the name of infamy he is here invested--the ,order of ,butchery1 with knives4 ,and you may view the crosses upon the pathetic mounds before ,verdun as so many entries in the ,recording ,angel's ledger4 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,duty v4 ,militarism ,same here6 ,same1 ,i suppose1 in every country4 ,the final necessity has put to the proof that which goes to the making of a man and of a nation4 ,the man who is prepared to lay down his life for his country simply regards it as a duty1 and does it regardless of everything4 ,and ,duty is a noble leader4 ,the man who is not prepared to give up his usual pleasures and dissipations1 even though his country be in extremity1 looks askance at the call1 labels it militarism1 and will have none of it4 ,every age and every nation has its shirkers1 who have been only too willing to let any but themselves bear their burdens so that their own personal comfort might not be interfered with4 ,and shirkers such as these have the deserved contempt of every honest man4 ,but1 in strictest justice to the few--like the ,friends1 and those who believe with them that force is no remedy--while one cannot but wonder what would have become of the world if evil were to be allowed to ravage it at will1 and while one finds it difficult to view matters from their standpoint1 it must be acknowledged that the military coercion of genuine conscience in these days is an anachronism which galls one's feelings4 ,the one thing we have now to guard against in this free land of ours is lest in breaking by force the unspeakable tyranny of ,prussian militarism we lay our own necks under an equal yoke4 ,,john ,,oxenham4 ,illustration ,the ,troubadour ,germania loved music and so the troubadour sang to her4 ,gaily the troubadour sang of glory and empire1 and the good ,german sword4 ,and he sang a song of ,kultur1 a pocketful of loot4 ,and a song of tears1 the tears of widows and orphans in other lands1 widows of foolish men who had denied her omnipotent will2 and of foolish reluctant virgins to whom was given the shining compensation of bearing sons to her flushed warriors4 ,and if he sang of her own sons that lay before ,lige1 and by the ,yser1 and on the high road to ,paris and to ,calais1 and ,petrograd1 it was still a song of glory in a minor but triumphant key4 ,for also he sang a song of an all-highest promise that1 wreathed with the splendid bays of victory1 her sons should return before the next ripening of the harvest4 ,but the harvest was gathered and they came not4 ,and then he sang a song of the sea with the moan of the winds in it1 and the cries of little children--which for a sea-song was not a pleasant song4 ,and thereafter with a fine operatic vehemence he broke into a song of glorious hate4 ,and again he sang 7in a queer mocking voice7 of the promise4 ,but another harvest was garnered 7and eaten7 and still her sons returned not4 ,and she began to be afraid4 ,so 7for he had a pretty wit7 he sang again a song of glory and feasting1 and there was laughter in his voice4 ,and at the last a song of thanks most indubitably sincere4 ,and she turned and looked upon the troubadour and found that he was ,death--in the high boots of a ,german ,hussar4 ,and she stopped her ears1 not to mute his singing1 but to shut out the thunder of the guns that came down all the winds4 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,see the ,conquering ,hero ,comes ,a bitter satire on the moral and intellectual claims of ,germany4 ,the conquering hero of the twentieth century and the bearer of ,kultur is no mere ,hun4 ,he is a 8throw-back0 to an ancestral type far more remote than ,attila1 who was a comparatively polished person4 ,he is primitive ,man1 not ,rousseau's imaginary l'homme naturel1 but the ,urmensch1 a veritable monster1 gross1 bloated1 abominable1 compact of evil1 and more repulsive than the wild beasts he has tamed to do his hideous will4 ,they are monstrous creatures too1 but dull and brutish4 ,they are incapable of moral judgment2 they follow their instincts and know no better4 ,but he knows4 ,he is ,man1 to whom has been given understanding and lordship over all the beasts4 ,he is their master by reason of his superior brain1 and that superiority is the measure of his depravity4 ,by choosing these savage creatures to be his companions and to do his pleasure he proclaims himself far lower than they1 because he might have chosen otherwise4 ,we know those favorite satellites of his4 ,one flies overhead--a vulture with gore dripping from beak and claws4 ,two others walk behind their master in docile servitude and ape his bearing as well as their dull senses and uncouth forms allow4 ,one is a gorilla1 with bared fangs and the glare of senseless destructiveness in his eyes2 the other is a whiskered wolf1 sly1 murderous and ruthless4 ,they bear the hero's train and wear the marks of approbation he has bestowed upon them for the services they have rendered by the exercise of the qualities proper to their kind4 ,and there is one other4 ,ever as he goes1 there wriggles along by his side a snake--that old serpent1 the devil and the father of lies4 ,so accompanied and swelling with pride the conquering hero swaggers on over the bleached bones that bear witness to his triumph4 ,he has decked his repulsive form with the incongruous trappings of civilization1 and his foul visage wears an air of ineffable self-satisfaction and arrogant disdain4 ,in his own conceit he cuts a splendid figure and is the object of universal admiration4 ,from his girdle hang the heads of his latest victims and in his right hand he carries1 delicately poised as a scepter and sign of sovereignty1 a cudgel tipped with the hand of a child hacked off at the wrist4 ,this is his title of honor4 ,the savage beasts that accompany him cannot aspire to such majesty2 they do not prey on their own kind4 ,and that is how a neutral sees the ,german hero4 ,,arthur ,,shadwell4 ,illustration ,belgium ,it appears to me that ,raemaekers' wonderful cartoons more often than not fall naturally into two main classes3 the subtle and the direct4 ,in both methods of appeal he is a past-master1 and his message never fails to drive itself home1 either through the medium of one's intellect or one's heart4 ,here we have a good and vivid example of the direct method of gaining our sympathy4 ,an appeal to the emotional rather than to the intellectual within us4 ,the woes of devastated ,belgium1 of its starving population1 of its desolate homes1 of its orphaned children1 may be said by some to be an 8oft told tale40 ,but surely none looking upon this most poignant drawing can fail to understand much of the tragedy and misery brought about by the ,german occupation of ,belgian soil and the methods of ,kultur which for a period of three years now have held sway in that unhappy land4 ,those of us who know the facts--the things which do not always get into the papers1 as the phrase is--the wilful starvation of the poor by their relentless conquerors1 can best understand and appreciate the artist's message4 ,what a pathetic picture this is6 ,the starved woman--all the roundness and beauty of womanhood and motherhood brutally stamped out of her face and figure by the state of things brought about by the rule of the ,hun2 the child clinging to her mother with the terror and amazement which is the most piteous of all expressions that can come into and be graven upon the face of childhood4 ,both bear in their faces and forms the cruel marks of starvation and suffering4 ,and yet there are those abroad in the land who can talk and write of 8saving ,germany from too much humiliation40 ,too much humiliation6 ,for one1 ,i say that if ,germany can be dragged in the dust2 if her rulers can be made to eat the bread of humiliation2 if her bestial-minded military officials1 who have deported women and girls from ,belgium and ,france to ,god only knows where and to what end1 can be brought to adequate punishment1 then there is still some justice left in this warring world and some hope for poor1 struggling1 vexed1 and fearful humanity4 ,unless ,germany is conquered and humiliated1 unless the wrongs of ,belgium and the other devastated territories are avenged1 we and the millions of our ,allies will have suffered1 fought1 and died for the greatest cause the world has ever known--and in vain4 ,from the welter of battle1 after the shouts of the fighting men have died away1 must emerge a new basis of society and a set of new ideals in international conduct4 ,and it is up to all of us to see to it that this comes about4 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,the ,giant's ,task 8,i see you can hold them up1 but----0 ,the whole world sees that ,germany can hold them up4 ,strength is concentrated first on one side1 and then on the other1 and at the time this cartoon was first published the little figure sitting up on the ,western side watched1 unmoved alike by ,german promises and ,german threats4 ,it watched while the days of the ,marne went by and proved that ,german efforts in the ,west would be confined to 8holding up0--that the capture of ,paris and of ,calais were mere dreams that must pass unfulfilled4 ,it watched the steady thrusting back of ,russia1 the apparent success in building an ,eastern defense that could be held up indefinitely4 ,then it added its weight to the ,western boulder1 and the holding up process went on4 ,neither boulder has yet fallen2 the strong man is not yet exhausted1 but the whole world knows what the end must be4 ,germany could not afford a mere defensive war--from the outset she knew that decision must be won in the first months1 and that the alternative to this was defeat4 ,this grim figure1 bent on 8holding up0 the two main fronts1 is typical of ,germany to-day1 a raging barbarian1 wearying under the impossible task4 ,for such a task there was needed not only physical strength1 but spiritual strength1 ideals as well as machinery1 and soul as well as brain4 ,by his methods of war this soulless barbarian has added to the weights that he must hold up2 he has misinterpreted the meaning of civilization1 misunderstood the aims common to humanity outside ,germany4 ,the weight that he must hold up and away is not merely that of ,britain1 ,russia1 ,france1 and the rest of the ,allies2 it is the weight of all men who understand freedom rightly1 steadily crushing freedom's antithesis4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration 8,i ,must ,have ,something for ,my ,trouble0 ,you shall1 ,germany1 you shall6 ,you shall have even more than ever you expected--but not after the manner of your expectation4 ,even the burglar who1 after long and arduous and risky training in his profession1 and careful plotting and planning1 and detailed hard work with jimmies and blowpipes and center-bits1 has collared the swag and been caught in the act1 does not whine like this4 ,if he is a wise man he surrenders at discretion1 puts a philosophic face on it1 and plans more artistic work while in confinement4 ,if he is a hothead1 he puts up a fight and gets it in the neck4 ,but he never whines for recompense for the nefarious trouble he has gone to4 ,germany has not yet learned her lesson4 ,she has burglariously and treacherously broken into her neighbors' houses and seized them and their contents4 ,the cost to herself1 in life1 money--and1 more than all1 in the estimation of the world at large--is as yet hidden from her4 ,when the bill is presented and her bloodshot eyes are opened to it1 it will astound her4 ,for--somehow or other--it will have to be paid--to the last farthing4 ,and while she is in confinement for her diabolical misdeeds1 the world1 it is to be fervently hoped1 will see to it that all further power for mischief will be taken from her forever4 ,this burglar has intrenched himself among his plunder4 ,he would negotiate with the besieging police to be allowed to keep something at all events for all his trouble4 ,he shall4 ,he shall keep what he has earned--the loathing and contempt of every honest man under the sun4 ,,john ,,oxenham4 ,illustration 8,cinema ,chocolate0 ,it seems to be the irony of fate that ,germany possesses everything good in an inverted1 it may perhaps be said a 8perverted10 form4 ,we all know the charms of the 8,chocolate ,soldier10 who originated1 if we remember rightly1 like the best flavored chocolate1 in ,france4 ,here we have a 8,chocolate ,soldier0 of a very different kind4 ,a young officer1 of the familiar decadent ,lothario type1 is presenting a handsome stick of chocolate to a little ,belgian or ,french girl4 ,at the side is an old man1 evidently got up as a stage property1 his face exceedingly cross as though he disliked the job1 but his attitude rather ambiguous4 ,in the distance is the official military 8filmer10 smug and grinning1 waiting to turn the handle in order to obtain a 8moving0 picture for the ,german 8movies40 ,mr4 ,raemaekers' satire is most strongly displayed in the child's face and clenched fists1 fully visible to the spectator1 but which will not appear in the film4 ,it appears also1 though less obviously1 in the cross old gentleman who will come out there as a benevolent pastor blessing the whole proceeding4 ,it is another instance of the systematic deception practised on the ,german people and the neutrals4 ,monsieur ,forain1 the ,french ,raemaekers1 has something like it in his 8,haltez-la1 et souriez40 ,it is not quite the same1 but suggests that both cartoons are based on fact1 as doubtless they are4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,the ,doctrine of ,expediency ,at the beginning of his reign ,ferdinand was1 or pretended to be1 an ardent ,russophile4 ,then something happened which made him think that he had been backing the wrong horse4 ,perhaps it was the result of the ,russo-,japanese ,war2 perhaps it was because little ,prince ,boris did not receive the usual decoration from ,st4 ,petersburg when he was made honorary colonel of the ,russian ,regiment of ,minsk4 ,we may be sure1 at any rate1 that the motive was not affection for ,germany or the ,german ,empire4 ,that great nation has not the gift of inspiring affection1 least of all in small peoples within reach of her claws4 ,ferdinand was bribed1 and bribed heavily1 we may be certain2 and1 like the rulers of other ,balkan ,states1 he and his advisers thought for a time that the ,central ,powers were going to win4 ,he thought he saw his way to an increase of territory at the expense of ,serbia1 perhaps also of ,greece4 ,some say that he dreamed of reigning at ,constantinople4 ,these hopes must be wearing rather thin now4 ,the time has not yet come for turning his coat2 but if1 or when1 it seems to him safe and expedient to leave the ,kaiser in the lurch1 he will do it without the slightest scruple4 ,meanwhile1 there was no danger in making the ,emperor of ,austria his confidant2 the poor old gentleman1 if he understood what was said to him1 probably thought the idea a very sensible one1 and wished heartily that he had come to terms with ,russia4 ,w4 ,r4 ,,inge4 ,illustration ,murder on the ,high ,seas ,germany stands convicted of such bestial crime upon land and sea that one can only come to the conclusion her offence results not from passing aberration or the ebriety of war1 but indicates an infection deep-seated and chronic4 ,her recent ,imperial ,government statistics of crime before the war indicated very surely that some deep1 moral distemper was conquering the ,german character and running like a plague through her spiritual and sociological life4 ,it has been said that the problem is one for the anthropologist rather than the lawyer2 yet even if the ,prussian be not a ,teuton1 but a ,tatar1 his indifference to every human instinct would still remain inexplicable4 ,for others of the ,tatar stock are amenable to the evolution that time brings1 and now pursue the business of war under modern conditions that embrace respect for prisoners and wounded1 non-combatants1 women and children4 ,among the numberless instances of murder and piracy on the high seas space permits here but to dwell upon one1 which has by no means received the attention it deserves4 ,international problems involved by the destruction of ,american citizens have tended to focus public opinion on the 8,lusitania0 and 8,essex0 murders2 but consider again a crime in the ,black ,sea and the depraved temper it implies4 ,on the thirtieth day of ,march1 while lying motionless off ,cape ,fathia1 the ,russian hospital ship 8,portugal0 was destroyed in broad daylight by a submarine1 despite the fact that she bore all necessary marks demanded by the ,geneva ,convention and ,hague ,covenant4 ,there perished fourteen ladies of the ,red ,cross2 fifty surgeons and physicians2 many male and female nurses2 many ,russian and ,french sailors4 ,but for the fact that a ,russian destroyer was in the vicinity1 the fatalities must have been larger4 ,a great hospital equipment was also lost to humanity4 ,well might the ,russian ,government declare this outrage a flagrant infraction of the rights of man and an act of common piracy1 while asking the judgment of all civilized countries on such barbarism4 ,the people that perpetrated and applauded this act denies civilization1 and one may fairly argue that the national conscience1 not only of her fighting forces1 but of those behind them1 will soon reach a pitch where disintegration must follow4 ,the evolution of morals alone must break them1 for human nature cannot suffer this reaction4 ,meantime we wait in vain for the ,allies' ,note informing ,germany of our intention with respect to her shipping4 ,did she know that we designed an eye for an eye1 a ton for a ton1 she might yet hesitate upon a course that promised to deplete her merchant marine after the war in the ratio of her destruction4 ,the point is equally vital to the weak maritime neutrals1 who see their merchant fleets dwindle and their protests ignored by a nation that respects nothing on earth but force4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,pounding ,austria 8,i wonder how long my dear friend and ally will be able to stand this80 ,so 8,wilhelm0 is made to remark1 as he peers over from behind his parapet1 safely guarded with barbed wire1 and sees the aged ,francis ,joseph receiving blow after blow1 on the one side from the ,italians1 on the other from the ,rumanians4 ,the caricature1 it must be admitted1 is not quite up-to-date in one respect1 for ,wilhelm has certainly done his best1 and so far only too successfully1 to tear off the smaller of these foes4 ,but it is more than up-to-date in another1 for the ancient 8,dual ,monarch0 has already succumbed to his years and his enemies4 ,and for reasons best known to himself1 8,wilhelm0 has run away from his funeral1 and thinks he will consult his delicate health and his no less delicate dignity1 by sending the ,crown ,prince instead1 that young man being no longer wanted imperatively or imperially on the ,french front4 ,how young ,wilhelm will get on with young ,carl remains to be seen4 ,the experience may have dangers of its own4 ,mr4 ,raemaekers might look out for a further opportunity in this new situation4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,durchhalten--8,hold ,out0 ,the ,roman ,emperor ,tiberius1 that gloomy tyrant1 is said to have remarked that governing the ,roman people was like holding a wolf by the ears4 ,here the position is reversed4 ,the patient1 obedient1 and faithful ,german people1 for such1 however infatuated1 we must allow it has been1 is represented as by no means like a wolf1 but more like the traditional opposite1 a sheep4 ,but even the sheep may turn if driven beyond measure4 ,meanwhile1 this caricature may help to bring home to it the true position4 ,the ,kaiser1 stout1 with all his heavy1 comfortable clothes1 his military cloak1 his helmet1 and boots and spurs1 one of which he digs into his beast of burden1 rides comfortably on the back of 8,german ,michael10 the common soldier1 and cheerfully bids him 8hold out0 and struggle up the toilsome hill of victory1 with its shifting1 clogging soil4 ,the desperate agony and pain of the poor victim1 the drops of sweat falling from his brow1 his eyes starting from his head1 are well depicted1 and also the complacency of the emperor1 blended with senile vanity and self-glorification4 ,his aspiration not long ago was to be the 8,young ,man of the ,sea40 ,here he is depicted as the 8,old ,man0 of that element4 ,,herbert ,,warren4 ,illustration ,the ,satyr of the ,sea ,it is always difficult1 after a series of catastrophic events1 to go back to one's mental outlook of the time before they happened4 ,but if the civilized world could recapture its pre-war view1 ,i believe it would realize the most startling of all the results of ,armageddon to be that we now take ,germany's outrages on neutrals for granted4 ,at first the bulk of us simply could not believe the tale of the horrors inflicted on non-combatant men1 women1 and children of innocent and neutral ,belgium4 ,but ,germany had at any rate made ,belgium a belligerent1 before beginning them4 ,now that similar horrors should fall on men1 women1 and children of ,holland1 ,denmark1 ,sweden1 ,norway1 and ,america1 surprises no more3 it has become a mere matter of course4 ,it is the business of the prophet1 the seer1 and the poet to awaken the world when it is worshipping false gods1 when from fear1 or self-interest1 or sheer bewilderment1 it fails to see the things that are in their naked horror and their awful shame4 ,but prophet1 seer1 and poet can speak only through the printed word1 and in the maze and mass of conflicting appeals the words of truth are lost and ineffective4 ,but if the ear be deaf and the mind numb1 the eyes of all retain their childlike curiosity4 ,it is ,raemaekers' secret that he can present his own clear vision of the truth in figures that pierce instantly to the conscience of the dullest4 ,to kill a child at all for a political purpose1 is the sin of ,herod4 ,to kill the children of those with whom you have no nominal quarrel1 stipulates just that negation of soul which we call beastly4 ,the truth about ,tirpitz1 and all that that accursed name stands for1 is personified in the loathsome ,satyr of the ,sea portrayed in this cartoon4 ,,arthur ,,pollen4 ,illustration ,war ,council with ,ferdinand and ,enver ,pasha ,raemaekers is not merely a clever draftsman and a keen observer1 but also a deep and careful student of modern history and diplomacy4 ,he knows the by-paths1 the coulisses1 and the intrigues of the diplomatic world1 which are eternally going on behind the almost impenetrable curtain with which the chancelleries of ,europe seek to veil their proceedings4 ,everyone knows1 of course1 that it was not merely affection or esteem that has ranged ,ferdinand of ,bulgaria and ,enver ,pasha upon the side of the ,central ,empires4 ,in the case of the first1 greed had not a little to do with the final decision to which he came4 ,he was not unwilling to be persuaded by the blandishments of his 8dear brother the ,kaiser10 always provided it was made worth his while at the time as well as in futuro4 ,in the case of the second1 ambition played its part1 backed up by years of 8ground baiting0 of the kind in which ,german diplomacy excels4 ,it has been left to the pencil of this great artist and satirist to bring home to the mind of the man-in-the-street a knowledge of the actual situation that has been created1 and of the methods by which it was brought about4 ,in this cartoon we have the ,kaiser in shop-walker attitude1 an oily smile upon his lips1 bending forward and washing his hands with invisible soap1 while he exclaims1 8,i hope you have been well served and are satisfied40 ,his dupes are shown bound hand and foot1 with an expression of their doubts as to the ultimate genuineness and benefit of the bargain which they have struck shown upon the face of the one and the back of the other4 ,bound hand and foot they stand in the presence of this 8artful dodger0 among crowned heads1 and in that of the decrepit ,franz ,joseph1 in whose figure the artist has succeeded in so cleverly conveying an idea of the unstable and effete nature of the ,austro-,hungarian ,empire4 ,the 8dear friends and allies0 show neither the feeling of comfort nor confidence about which their imperial taskmaster speaks and inquires so glibly4 ,bound thus to the wheels of the car of ,germany's destiny1 they begin evidently to question the wisdom of their choice4 ,already ,ferdinand's doubts must have commenced to take definite shape1 for the luck of 8the great game0 has begun to run against him at ,monastir1 and 8crushed and destroyed0 ,serbia is once more in fighting trim and eager to expel the invader4 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,the ,burial of ,private ,walker ,on ,september #i1 #aiad1 ,joseph ,walker enlisted for the duration of the war2 on ,january #aa1 #aiaf1 the sea bore his dead body to the dyke at ,west ,capelle4 ,usually a body washed ashore in this neighborhood is buried at the foot of the dunes1 without coffin1 without ceremony4 ,but not this time4 ,this afternoon1 at #a ,p4,m41 while the northwest wind whistled over ,walcheren1 the ,english soldier was buried in the churchyard of ,west ,capelle4 ,behind the walls of the tower where we sought protection from the gale the burial service was read4 ,first the vice-consul in the name of ,england spread the ,british flag over him who for ,england had sacrificed his young life4 ,four men of ,west ,capelle carried the coffin outside and placed it at the foot of the tower1 that old gray giant1 which has witnessed so much world's woe1 here opposite the sea4 ,the ,reverend ,mr4 ,fraser1 the ,english clergyman at ,kortryk1 himself an exile1 said we were gathered to pay the last homage to a ,briton who had died for his country4 ,it was a simple1 but touching ceremony4 8,man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live4444 ,he cometh forth like a flower and is cut down40 ,thus spoke the voice of the minister and the wind carried his words1 and the wind played with the flag of ,england1 the flag that flies over all seas1 in ,flanders1 in ,france1 in the ,balkans1 in ,egypt1 as the symbol of threatened freedom--the flag whose folds here covered a fallen warrior4 ,deeply were we moved when the clergyman in his prayer asked for a 8message of comfort to his home40 ,who1 tell me1 oh silent field1 ,who lies buried here8 ,here8 ,yes1 who is ,walker1 ,no4 #afjib1 ,private ,joseph ,walker1 ,bedfordshire regiment8 ,who1 in loving thoughts1 thinks of him with hope even now when we1 strangers to them1 stand near to him in death8 ,where is his home8 ,we know it not1 but in our inmost hearts we pray for a 8message of comfort and consolation0 for his people4 ,and in the roaring storm we went our way4 ,there was he carried1 the soldier come to rest1 and the flag fluttered in the wind and wrapped itself round that son of ,england4 ,then the coffin sank into the ground and the hearts of us1 the departing witnesses1 were sore4 ,earth fell on it1 and the preacher said3 8,earth to earth1 dust to dust40--,from the ,amsterdam 8,telegraaf10 ,january1 #aiaf4 ,illustration ,the ,supreme ,effort 8,the ,religion of ,valor0--that new creed for which ,germany now claims to be fighting--will call for many martyrs behind the fighting lines1 and we may suppose that the middle classes of the fatherland as little like the sacrifices demanded from them as any other members of the community1 whose savings are the result of their own energy and enterprise4 ,that ,germany is subscribing to her loans with generosity and self-denial we have no reason to doubt2 but since there is no free press1 the nation as a whole remains under delusion as to the value of its securities4 ,the dust1 however1 cannot be in every eye much longer1 and before another spring is spent1 ,germany's people will know that she is powerless to keep her paper promises4 ,for the one hope that a victorious trade war would instantly break out upon the arrival of peace is destined to be disappointed4 ,as ,mr4 ,kitson recently and very effectively showed1 economic power is the basis of political power1 the root from which all national power1 which can be interpreted into force1 must spring4 8,trade warfare is therefore a struggle for economic power1 for the control of men and of all factors of wealth production40 ,the ,british ,empire seems to be grasping this fact for the first time in her national history2 and though we have far to go1 and the panacea of free trade will doubtless be vended again after the war--by those who1 before it1 knew so well that ,germany would never fight--a growing conviction is none the less apparent that only by a direct and strenuous offensive shall we win the war after the war4 ,let us banish inter-tariffs1 as ,germany did1 and unite the nation in a closer economic understanding2 and let us not leave our frontiers open to the legions of ,german and ,austrian bagmen1 who only await peace to swarm over them4 ,it depends largely upon us whether the gentleman in the picture will get his money back4 ,the grand total of the fatherland's indebtedness1 were war to go on until last ,april1 has been calculated in ,germany to represent #d1ejj1jjj1jjj1 which would demand in annual interest a sum near #hjj1jjj1jjj4 ,one does not desire to be vindictive1 but let no man forget the barefaced villainy and devilish brutality with which the ,central ,nations prosecuted war4 ,it is not for us to forward the peaceful penetration of such a people through the length and breadth of our empire if we desire to preserve that empire as an entity4 ,let ,germany redeem her pledges if she can2 it will be no part of our post-war activities to assist her task4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration 8,wer reitet so spt durch ,nacht und ,wind8 ,dass ist der ,vater mit seinem ,kind0 7,erlknig7 ,not only the father and his sick child ride storm-foundered and lost through night1 with the phantom king steadily gaining upon both3 the frantic1 over-driven brute they ride should also be conscious of approaching doom4 ,but is it8 ,we may take their steed to be the nation of the royal fugitives1 and wonder when ,germany--a kingdom whose native qualities had won such ample recognition among her elder sisters on the road to civilization--will awaken into consciousness of her accursed load and perceive that the ,hohenzollerns ride only to death4 ,they started on their gallop when ,bismarck fell1 and now the end is in sight4 ,great must be the subjugation before a practical people can reach this pass1 or still fail to perceive1 if on a material basis only1 where the legend of world-power and world-trade has brought them4 ,as sleepwalkers they pursued their dream and have not yet awakened to see where now they stand4 ,still they believe the issue undetermined2 still is it hidden from them that their might is broken1 that roughly half their foreign trade1 which lay with the ,allies1 has vanished4 ,only ignorance and the tradition of servility postpone inevitable revolution4 ,of ,germany's evil-genius and arch-enemy1 now far advanced on the road that leads to his destruction1 an illuminating picture has just been flashed to us4 ,one who was long a publicist in the capitals of ,europe has spoken of 8,things ,i remember10 and he quotes a ,german author--a woman--who spoke thus of the 8,war ,lord0 before the war4 ,none is a more shrewd and subtle student of character than a woman1 when she holds an object worthy of her study4 8,i can assure you that he extirpates1 as of fell purpose1 every independent character1 root and branch4 ,think of the number of poor devils in prison for the crime of lse majest1 not one instance of which he has ever pardoned2 while there is not a case of a man having killed his opponent in a duel1 however disgraceful might have been its cause1 whom he has not pardoned1 or at least remitted the sentence4 ,never has a monarch encouraged ,byzantine servility to such a degree as this man4 ,no sunbeam but it must radiate from him2 no incense but it must fill his nostrils40 ,may ,germany use her waking hour to be rid forever of this archaic incubus2 and if1 at the end1 she still cries for the domination of ,prussia1 then it is to be hoped that1 when they have won the war1 the ,allies will save her from her own blindness and themselves perform the act of liberation4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,voices of the ,guns ,one may characterize the figures in this cartoon as not altogether imaginary4 ,in the villages behind the lines of the ,somme1 and in the tumbled country north of ,verdun1 there must be many such little homes as that in which the old man is pictured1 homes befouled and desecrated by the presence of these hard-faced men who look on contemptuously while the old man listens4 ,he and his kind know the voices of the guns1 for they have heard them before4 ,what memories of '#gj and his own fighting days must come to him and to all his kind as they wait the coming of the guns that shall drive out this scourge of ,france--this vileness that for nearly half a century has poisoned the life of all ,europe1 and on ,france especially has set an abiding mark8 ,what hopes must be his for the day when ,prussianism shall be no more than a vague name1 and the sons of those sons of his who fight to-day shall work content in the knowledge that their fathers have freed them from this ,damoclean threat8 ,how these people in the conquered territories have endured1 how they have waited and hoped1 even when there seemed no ground for hope1 in the darkest of the days1 we shall perhaps know when peace comes again4 ,yet even then we in ,britain can never know all1 for there is given to us a shield that ,france has never known--our shield1 and in a measure our danger4 ,for no man in ,britain sits and listens for the guns that shall free his house and his land1 and in that fact is possible lack of comprehension and consequent great danger2 as once it has been1 so it may be again4 ,yet it may be that1 when the stories of these old men behind the enemy lines are told1 they will waken the whole of the world1 not only to the need for destruction of such a thing as the militarism of ,prussia1 but to the knowledge that only the strong man armed may keep his house4 ,had all realized this in time---- ,meanwhile1 as this third year of the war ends1 the guns that speak freedom come nearer4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian ,illustration ,the ,death's-,head ,hussar ,in ,greek mythology ,nemesis personified the moral law which chastises arrogance and wanton excess by the inexorable consequences of their own wrong-doing4 ,so none who had offended could escape her4 ,the ,death's-,head ,hussars are a perfect example of that boastful pride and transgression of the bounds of due proportion which it is the function of ,nemesis to punish4 ,by their name and their device they make a mock of the most solemn tragedy--of ,death itself4 ,whether their emblem threatens death to others or signifies their own contempt for death it is a wanton and arrogant jest4 ,the skull and cross-bones were the traditional device of pirates1 and it well became those grim outlaws who declared a ruthless war against all mankind4 ,there was no jest about it1 but a dreadful seriousness1 and their proper end was the yard-arm4 ,but the ,death's-,head ,hussars are what is called a 8crack0 regiment1 one officered by rich1 aristocratic1 and elegant young men1 who have not set themselves against the world1 but are very much of it4 ,nor are they any braver or more formidable than other regiments4 ,the ,death's-,head business is a silly and boastful affectation4 ,here is the just sentence of chastising ,nemesis4 ,the last of the ,death's-,head ,hussars1 its imperial colonel1 is being shot over the head of his skeleton charger on to the heaped ranks of dead soldiers which ring him round4 ,he has his fill of skulls and cross-bones now4 ,the ,crown ,prince of ,germany has confessed it to the world4 ,a4 ,,shadwell4 ,illustration ,the 8,franc-tireur0 ,excuse ,it is well sometimes1 despite all that has happened since1 to turn back to ,belgium and remember the rape1 rapine1 and arson of #aiad4 ,there will be plenty of time to let bygones be bygones when might and right are found on the same side and ,justice1 who is using her sword just now1 resumes her impartial scales2 but until the ,central ,nations experience a defeat of magnitude sufficient to penetrate to the hearts and heads of their people1 we may continue to keep in the forefront of our minds the story of ,belgium under ,germany's heel4 ,that tale of brutal tyranny is not even yet told1 for1 short of selling the deported ,belgians as slaves1 ,germany would seem still to be doing all that ,hun and ,vandal ever accomplished4 ,but ,raemaekers gives us a glimpse from the past1 when conquest was still in progress and the ,german obsession of franc-tireurs reached its height4 ,how far they pretended this fear to excuse their own murder of the defenseless1 or how far they really felt it1 matters little2 for it has been shown that the cry was deliberately excited--by fabrication and circulation through ,germany of countless 8fearful0 falsehoods4 ,soldiery about to pass from the ,fatherland to ,belgium were inflamed1 as with drink1 by lies of the horrible treatment they must expect and endure from civil populations and non-combatants4 ,they were warned by calculated propaganda at home that their eyes would be gouged out1 their legs sawn off1 their wounded men murdered1 with fiendish details of suffering by the ,belgians4 ,german valets of the type of ,houston ,chamberlain and ,sven ,hedin spread these stories2 ,pastor ,conrad wrote a little book and sold it to the school children that they1 too1 might read about their fathers' gouged-out eyes in ,belgium4 ,the result was certain when ,german soldiers found themselves with a free hand among unarmed women and their little ones2 for ,germany in ,belgium and ,poland1 and ,austria in ,serbia1 have not been content to destroy the manhood of weak nations3 they have striven to stamp out their virginity and their childhood also4 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,entry ,into ,constantinople ,nowhere has the caricaturist proved more effectively his command of caustic satire4 ,it is characteristic of the ,kaiser and his family to claim ,christian sanction for all his sinister schemes4 ,none of the many goals which the ,kaiser confidently set out to win in this war has he yet secured4 ,the triumphal progress through the capital city of ,constantinople loomed large in his early programme4 ,his vaulting ambition still seeks the hegemony of the ,mahomedan world no less than of the ,christian world4 ,the ,kaiser habitually appeals to religious authority4 ,he garbles ,scripture to serve his turn4 ,nothing that the world regards as sacred is safe from his profanation4 ,his miscalculations are so colossal1 his hopes are so tangled1 that the blasphemous dream which the artist depicts may well have visited the imperial couch4 ,the pious ,mahomedan might possibly find some specious compensation for submission to the ,prussian yoke were the ,kaiser to enter the ,turkish capital at the head of his barbarian hordes flaunting in triumph the banner of the crescent1 while ,christ rode on an ass at the imperial side1 in bonds and wearing the crown of thorns4 ,it is a revolting piece of pictorial imagery1 but it is a legitimate interpretation of the imperial megalomania1 which enlists blasphemy in the service of the imperial propaganda4 ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,illustration ,come ,away1 ,my ,dear6 ,only historic interest now attaches to the activities of ,german diplomacy which sought1 by misplaced flattery1 to prevent ,italy from joining the ,powers of the ,entente in the ,great ,war4 ,prince von ,blow for many months employed all his wiles to distract ,italy from the pursuit of a hostile policy4 ,he had some good cards in his hand1 and1 after the manner of all ,german diplomatists1 he overestimated their strength1 while he underrated the skill and enthusiasm of the players against him4 ,the influences of ,german finance worked on his side1 but characteristically he ignored the spiritual forces of the ,italian national sentiment1 on which bribes and blandishments could make no impression4 ,italy's traditional hatred of ,austria was only speciously held in check by the conventions of the old ,triple ,alliance4 ,the perils which ,austria invited by engaging in the present war were bound to set ancient memories fully aflame4 ,it is a mangled unity of which ,italy can boast so long as the ,italian peoples of the ,trentino and ,dalmatia live under ,austrian sway4 ,the cry of the ,trentino for release from a foreign servitude overcame all those predilections for peace1 which some material considerations fostered in ,italy in the early stages of the war4 ,von ,blow undertook a thankless task when he sought by pretty speeches to deafen ,italian ears to the piercing appeals of ,italy's compatriots under alien sway4 ,he may cherish the delusion that he scored a minor success by postponing for a season ,italy's declaration of war on ,germany4 ,for a short while ,italy was content with her defiance of ,austria alone1 but even this small triumph on the prince's part proved a phantasm4 ,to-day all the prince's diplomatic adventures are seen to be empty mockeries and snares4 ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,illustration ,the 8,harmless0 ,german ,we may pause to wonder whether ,germany ever considers her relations with the weak neutral nations after the war4 ,in the case of ,america1 she preserves some show of explicit courtesy1 while performing actions of implicit insult4 ,where it matters not1 she conforms2 where it does matter1 she ignores2 but she has no desire to quarrel openly with the ,united ,states and has long since found that she can do pretty much what she pleased without risking more than verbal remonstrances4 ,in the case of ,norway and ,sweden1 ,denmark and ,holland1 she is not even at the pains to be civil2 but treats them with her usual indifference to all things physically weak4 ,sometimes she will add insult to injury1 as in the case of this cartoon1 and needlessly pretend an innocence that would not deceive a child2 more often1 as in her pirate procedure against ,holland1 she cares nothing what the weak may have to say while her own strength is paramount4 ,but the war will end and what sort of relations will these insulted and outraged kingdoms seek with ,germany when the bully is beaten8 ,one might ask them another question4 ,is it beyond the power of the ,northern neutrals to assume a more hortatory tone and courageous attitude8 ,might they not sensibly forward all rational hopes of civilization by taking a stronger line with the enemy of ,europe8 ,whining and grumbling serve no good purpose2 but a somewhat stronger and cleaner-cut expression of opinion before the insulting scorn poured upon their protests would increase general respect for ,holland and the rest4 ,why are they so frightened8 ,is it from force of habit8 ,they might surely begin to perceive with sufficient distinctness that the ,power that sank the 8,tubantia0 and 8,blommersdijk0 is on the way herself to be sunk4 ,why then this abject attitude8 ,it is easy to guess4 ,meantime ,holland's recent protest to ,america was hardly worth making4 ,she may well ask what would have happened had the sinkings off ,newport1 on the ,american coast1 occurred off ,ymuiden1 on her own4 ,but she will receive no satisfactory reply to that question4 ,nor does it help civilization to hear ,holland say1 8,submarine warfare cannot go on any longer40 ,germany laughs4 ,she knows how much of her gold has crossed into ,holland of late1 and that our ,dutch friends doubtless have more to gain in wealth than lose in honor by 8taking it lying down40 ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 ,illustration ,the ,propagandist in ,holland ,raemaekers is never more pungent in his satire than when he deals with the efforts of ,germany to penetrate the conscience and persuade the will of ,holland4 ,in the cartoon opposite we see the typical ,german propagandist--half-professor1 half-merchant1 and wholly the servile ambassador of his ,government--exhibiting to the equally typical ,dutch peasant the recommendations and persuasions of ,germany4 ,these are printed in ,dutch for his behoof1 and they declare that it can be proved by the testimony of the ,ninety-,three ,intellectuals that all men who are not enthusiastic about ,german ,kultur and all who are rash enough to accuse ,german statesmen of breaking their word or behaving like barbarians are worthless persons of no character4 ,he tells the ,dutchman that 8,we ,germans are fighting for the liberty of the sea1 guaranteed as ,prussian40 ,another belt of propaganda offers advice gratis to smugglers1 and urges the ,dutch1 in exchange for aniline dyes1 to supply the ,german ,government with tin1 oil1 fat1 leather1 india-rubber1 and other such 8peaceful0 articles4 ,the lowest line assures the ,dutchman that the book called 8,j',accuse0--which is phonetically spelt 8,sjakkuus0 that the ,dutchman may have no doubt about it--is a vulgar production4 ,the 8,toekomst0--a virulently pro-,german newspaper1 subventioned from ,berlin--is a genuine expression of ,dutch feeling4 ,thus the fat missionary in spectacles volubly attempts to seduce the grave and rather sardonic ,dutch peasant1 whose face is a triumph of non-committal4 ,he holds him long in conversation1 while from behind steal up the ,german soldiers and sailors waiting for the attention of the peasant to be wholly absorbed in the propaganda1 suddenly to capture and to bind him1 beyond all power of self-release4 ,here the satire of ,raemaekers is directed against the intrigues of ,german diplomacy at ,the ,hague1 and the rumors which have of late been rife concerning a party of politicians in the ,dutch ,state who have been persuaded into recommending a studied neutrality now1 indeed1 but a secret agreement with ,germany that shall not come into force until after the declaration of peace4 ,the draftsman warns his countrymen that they are not1 in their simplicity1 capable of holding their own against a combination of ,teutonic violence and ,teutonic guile4 ,it may be that these ,dutch disciples of ,wilhelmstrasse have not the navet which ,raemaekers sees proper to attribute to them4 ,their attitude has something more ignoble than simple1 and they remind us not a little of the particularists of the seventeenth century1 whose selfish and senseless anti-,orange policy left the ,dutch without a friend in ,europe4 ,but we can confidently believe that general public opinion in ,holland to-day will be too wholesome and too intelligent to pursue the suicidal path which the 8,toekomst0 and its ,german inspirers indicate4 ,,edmund ,,gosse4 ,illustration ,tetanus ,here ,raemaekers draws aside from his fierce mood of indictment of the aggressor and1 touched with a neutral's pity1 tries to express something of the agony that comes impartially to those who fight for and those who fight against the right4 ,the candid critic must confess that this mood has not the interest of his satire and invective4 ,but it is natural for the imaginative artist to be deeply moved by these1 as it were1 impartial horrors and good for us stay-at-homes to be helped to realize them4 ,in the early days of the war1 waged as it was over the most intensively cultivated soil in ,europe1 the mortality from this dread horror1 ,tetanus1 was very great4 ,the skill of the bacteriologist and the surgeon has indefinitely reduced the mortality4 ,and perhaps those of us who are bowed down by the thought of all the needless pain and incalculable waste may take a crumb of comfort from the thought that out of all the suffering and death grow knowledge and skill that will relieve suffering and prevent death in the future4 ,so the eternal courage and resourcefulness of man always recapture the citadel he seems to have lost in the first onset4 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,shakspere's ,tercentenary ,following out this truly ,teutonic line of reasoning1 there is no reason why ,beethoven should not be claimed as ,english1 and surely ,christopher ,columbus was ,russian--or ,french1 or ,norwegian4 ,a sense of humor would have saved ,germany from this absurdity of claiming the whole world's genius as her own1 but that sense is the one thing that ,germany lacks above all others1 and from the deficiency has arisen this war and all its evils4 ,for a sense of humor--or a sense of proportion1 which is precisely the same thing--would have given ,germany to understand that in these days no nation may aspire to domination over other and different races2 it would have given her to understand that there are other forms of culture besides her own ,kultur1 which1 after all1 is merely order and discipline1 and not a finer perception or a greater development of intellect2 it would have given her to understand that which the world's history has failed to teach her1 that aggression does not pay1 and that essays in tyrannic dominance inevitably fail4 ,raemaekers' satire is unerring1 for though no ,german has yet stated that ,shakspere's plays are based on the work of a poet who lived two centuries later1 yet the professors and pedants of ,kultur have attempted equal absurdities1 even to showing ,germany as a country of simple1 kindly people1 who abhor a war that has been forced on them4 ,one is tempted to quote from the world-poet who1 in this cartoon1 faces his antithesis with such an air of gentle incredulity1 but the temptation1 if yielded to1 would lead too far4 ,germany has not only claimed ,shakspere1 but she has claimed control of all the ,western world2 one claim is as likely to be conceded as the other4 ,e4 ,,charles ,,vivian4 ,illustration ,nobody ,sees ,me ,the ,huns have hugged this conviction to their obscene souls4 ,and it is not the least of a series of preposterous and ridiculous blunders4 ,throwing as rubbish to the void the ,tables of the ,law1 they have cherished what they believe to be the last and greatest commandment3 ,thou shalt not be found out4 ,and 8found out0 they have been6 ,for the moment this fact does not oppress them too seriously4 ,indeed1 to the commander of the submarine who sank the ,lusitania the ,iron ,cross has been awarded4 ,we wonder whether he will wear it1 if he happens to find himself after the war at some great function in any neutral country8 ,to the psychologist this ,hun attribute1 shared with the ostrich1 of hiding his head and believing that the rest of his person is unseen1 provokes some interesting hypotheses4 ,inter alia1 it serves to remind us that birds1 however big1 stand next to reptiles in the scale of creation4 ,hun methods are distinctively reptilian4 ,the ,hun1 when fully gorged1 becomes lethargic and stupid4 ,in this cartoon1 the ,hun ,eagle1 appropriately emblazoned upon that portion of the ,hun body of which we may confidently hope to see more and more in the near future1 reminds me of that loathsome beast--the ,turkey ,buzzard4 ,in ,california1 where ,i first made his acquaintance1 this horrible vulture would have been exterminated long ago had he not been protected by the law1 which recognized his peculiar usefulness as a scavenger4 ,hungry1 these buzzards are almost unapproachable2 after a carrion meal a child can despatch them with a stone4 ,may we not assume that the ,huns1 however clever and cunning when hungry1 become as boas and buzzards after a surfeit8 ,to-day they are boasting of what they have absorbed on the map of ,europe4 ,do they realize yet the dead weight of these temporary conquests8 ,germania1 like some monstrous viper1 has swallowed her own young4 ,unlike the viper1 she cannot disgorge them alive4 ,such reflections are not intended to minimize the task that still confronts the ,allies4 ,but what the ,hun has done by land and air and sea will be the measure of his undoing4 ,nobody sees me and ,i can always deny it4 ,everybody sees him2 and if his acts are enough to make angels weep1 his denials of them move the world to inextinguishable laughter4 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell4 ,illustration ,the ,orient ,express ,one of the objectives of the present war was to secure ,germany's command of the ,near ,east4 ,a railway from ,berlin to ,bagdad had long been treated as a primary article in that creed of ,german ,welt-politik which the war was to make prevail4 ,for a time the plan promised excellently4 ,the ,turkish alliance with the ,central ,empires seemed to bring ,asia ,minor securely under ,german sway4 ,the railway route was saved4 ,the ,kaiser and his advisers prematurely regarded ,russia as an extinct volcano1 which was incapable of thwarting their ,oriental policy4 ,disillusionment came quickly4 ,the ,german tourist who foresaw an unimpeded road through ,prussia to ,persia was suddenly confronted with an impassable barrier4 ,the ,russian ,army of the ,caucasus swept through ,armenia and occupied the ,turkish citadel of ,erzerum1 which commanded the line of travel at its most critical point4 ,small are the chances of retrieving the lost foothold4 ,the whole design is doomed beyond recall4 ,it is the habit of our arch-foe to count his chickens before they are hatched4 ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,illustration ,the ,bloomersdijk ,in this cartoon the artist symbolizes with drastic irony the powerlessness of ,holland to claim respect for her rights or to maintain her national prestige4 ,if the fair ,dutch flag stands in the way of the ,teutonic bully1 he just tears it down and tramples it underfoot4 ,in the view of ,germany the time is long past when a little community of human beings could sustain independent existence if its policy interfered in the smallest degree with the convenience of the great ,german tyranny4 ,this is at once the humiliation of countries like ,holland1 and their claim on the active sympathy of the ,allies4 ,what can the nice little boy in the picture do to protect himself against the fists and the boots of the huge man in a ,prussian helmet8 ,manifestly1 nothing6 ,his only chance is that his big brethren may succeed in thrashing the selfish1 powerful brute as he deserves4 ,the attitude of ,germany toward the little sovereign states of ,europe was laid down two years ago1 with ineffable assurance1 by ,herr von ,jgow4 ,he said3 8,in the transformation of ,europe to the profit of the ,teutonic ,powers1 the little surrounding ,states must no longer presume to lead the independent existence which at present feeds their vanity4 ,they are all destined to disappear in the orbit of the ,german ,empire40 ,in other words1 as the rest of ,germany has been subjugated by ,prussia1 so ,belgium1 ,holland1 ,denmark1 ,montenegro1 and ,serbia must make up their minds to be melted into the ,central ,empire of ,kultur4 ,not one of them is rich enough to maintain its existence4 ,in the meantime1 if ,prussia finds it convenient to sink a ,bloomersdijk1 so much the worse for ,holland1 who would do well to swallow the injury in silence4 ,and all that the civilized and cultured little countries can do is1 through the tears of their exasperation1 to cry aloud to ,god1 8,how long1 ,o ,lord1 how long80 ,,edmund ,,gosse4 ,illustration ,the 8,u0 ,boats off the ,american ,coast ,there is a grim persistency with which ,raemaekers pursues the power which1 in the first terrible weeks of the war1 he recognized as the enemy of ,european civilization4 ,time has not lessened the intensity of that vision1 which came to him--a neutral--with no prepossessions in favor of ,england and her allies1 and which is1 indeed1 the whole significance of the fine work he has done for our cause throughout the world4 ,less steadfast folk of our own blood begin to wonder if1 after all1 it be quite worth while1 seeing that the burglar is so strong1 to go on with our opposition to him2 and whether it would not be better to hand our valuables--freedom1 mercy1 and other trifling gewgaws--into his safe keeping4 ,raemaekers sees in this relatively mild adventure of ,german frightfulness1 the torpedoing of unarmed ships in the ,american zone under cover of ,american warships which1 by saving the jettisoned crews1 were able to keep the pirate within the letter of his pledge--he sees this as what it is1 an act of intolerable brigandage and insolence4 ,the insolence1 indeed1 is so colossal as to be almost admirable4 ,officers of the fleet do not talk for publication2 but it would be illuminating to hear the comments of the ,american naval messes on the retriever work to which they were set by our friend the enemy4 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,to the ,peace ,woman ,the cartoonist has devoted several of his drawings to the work of exhibiting to the world at large and the pacifist in particular the egregious folly of 8peace talk0 and 8gentleness toward the ,huns0 while a world war is being waged1 and as yet all the ideals for which we are fighting in company with our ,allies hang in the balance4 ,how necessary such cartoons really are is shown by the mere fact that there can be found men and women who are anxious on every possible occasion to 8mouth wordy platitudes concerning peace10 and even to sacrifice to the ,moloch of ,prussianism the ideals and the amenities of national conduct upon which the basis of happiness and peace in reality rests4 ,the old legend of ,st4 ,george and the ,dragon has been skilfully and effectively adapted by ,raemaekers to the purposes of the lesson he would teach4 ,the peace woman is shown on her knees before the dragon of ,prussianism1 not in terror at the fate which is impending for her1 but obsessed by the idea that the dragon is not so bad as it has been painted and that it may be wicked to kill dragons4 ,i confess that ,i have not been able to penetrate the labyrinth of distorted ideas which has produced the attitude of mind toward the ,hun adopted by the pacifist1 male and female4 ,but the most charitable among us may be forgiven1 perhaps1 if we assume that this state of mind has been brought about by a wrong-headed conception of the facts and the ,hun himself1 rather than by any original liking for bloody deeds of rapine1 the slaughter of innocents1 and wholesale and wanton destruction of beautiful1 holy1 and gracious things4 ,there are many who believe that the peace woman1 who will be more and more evident as the war drags along1 is no imagined menace4 ,it is well therefore that this cartoon should have been drawn and published and that its message1 8to save the peace women despite themselves10 should be driven home4 ,the spirit of ,st4 ,george of ,england and of the saints of ,god1 who fought tyrants and died in past ages that the fragrant and essential truths should live1 is not dead1 and while this can be said there is hope for the world1 for surely ,god ,who had these in ,his keeping is yet in ,his heaven4 ,,clive ,,holland4 ,illustration ,the ,wolf ,bleats ,this ranks as one of ,raemaekers' happiest cartoons4 ,that wolf's mask is a clever travesty of the 8,all-,highest's0 best studio face4 ,better still is the quip1 8',tis time all this bloodshed should cease10 as a summary of all the peace suggestions which with discreet persistence have been floated out from ,berlin since the great game1 as envisaged by the challengers1 was seen to be up4 ,it would not readily occur to the ,german mind that the time when the shepherds were just coming over the hill with axe1 bill1 and bludgeon was the most appropriate time for the wolf to suggest that nothing should be said of the unfortunate mistakes of the past4 8,see60 quoth the wolf1 8there are already three corpses4 ,is that not enough to satisfy the most bloodthirsty8 ,why drag in a fourth8 ,surely even you who have not our advantages can see so plain an argument80 ,the answer is in the negative4 ,but let no one ever again accuse the ,teuton of not being a humorist4 ,it is worth noting that it is a bonneted ,highlander that here wields the ,british club4 ,compensation at last to the sensitive ,scot who so desperately hates being lumped in with the ,english6 ,,joseph ,,thorp4 ,illustration ,strict ,neutrality ,the historian of the future will attempt1 probably1 to deal adequately with the complex questions which inform every line of this cartoon4 ,it is1 indeed1 a passionate note of interrogation4 ,in a stupendous fight upon the clearly defined issues of ,right and ,might1 how comes it to pass that any self-respecting nation remains neutral8 ,why1 for example1 did not ,uncle ,sam sever diplomatic relations with the ,huns the very moment that ,belgium was invaded and outraged8 ,americans1 true citizens of the ,land of the ,free and the ,home of the ,brave1 have raised this question already and some have answered it4 ,other ,americans have answered them cleverly and speciously4 ,time alone will decide upon the merits and demerits of all and sundry4 ,we owe much to the ,states euphemistically styled 8,united40 ,they have supplied us in our hour of sorest need with a never-ceasing stream of munitions percolating everywhere2 they have sent us money1 sympathy1 and advice4 ,but the fact remains--,uncle ,sam was too proud to fight6 ,and yet1 each day it is becoming more and more certain that every stout blow struck by the ,allies1 every gallant life that is sacrificed1 is a contribution to the cause of ,civilization and ,christianity4 ,we are fighting desperately for our own salvation1 and that salvation includes the salvation of ,holland1 ,denmark1 ,switzerland1 and the ,united ,states4 ,at the beginning of the war the ,neutral ,countries missed a tremendous opportunity4 ,together1 acting under the gis of ,uncle ,sam1 with his hundred million children1 they could have protested in no uncertain terms against ,prussianism and the violation of every principle dear to and honored by them4 ,prompt action1 upon the heels of such a protest1 would have ended the war in three weeks4 ,germany1 swollen with insolence and beer1 has perpetrated blunders in strategy and policy of which she now is reaping the fruits1 but with all her crass1 pig-headed1 brutal assurance she would not have fought a whole world in arms against her4 ,it is not for us to throw stones at others4 ,we are far too busy hurling shells at our enemy4 ,but the question will be answered some day3 8,why were the ,neutrals too proud to fight80 ,,horace ,,annesley ,,vachell4 ,illustration