,palaces and ,courts of the ,exposition ,a ,handbook of the ,architecture ,sculpture and ,mural ,paintings with ,special ,reference to the ,symbolism ,by ,juliet ,james ,the trail is lost1 the path is hid and winds that blow from out the ages sweep me on to that chill borderland where time's spent sands engulf lost peoples and lost trails4 ,marian ,manville ,pope ,a ,foreword ,the ,pastel ,city by the ,sea ,there is a hill-crowned city by a silver sea1 near a ,golden ,gate4 ,for ages the water has washed from an almost land-locked bay against this hill-crowned city1 and on its northern side has created of the shore an amphitheatre stretching for some three miles to the western headlands4 ,behind this amphitheatre rises1 in terraces1 the steep hills of this water-lashed city1 and in part1 a forest of pines stretches to the west4 ,man has flanked this reach of shore by two lowering forts1 and in front1 across the sapphire sea1 one looks onto the long undulations of hills1 climaxed by grand old ,tamalpais4 ,just three years ago and one saw in this same low-lying shore only a marshy stretch1 with lagoons working their way far into the land - the home of the seagull4 ,there came a time when1 had you looked closely1 you would have seen coming thru the ,golden ,gate a phantom flotilla of caravels1 freighted with clever ideas4 ,on the vessels came2 at the prows were several noble figures3 ,energy1 ,enterprise1 ,youth1 the ,spirit of the ,east1 the ,spirit of the ,west1 ,success1 and in the last caravel1 the stalwart ,mother of ,tomorrow4 ,they had dug and delved with mighty ,hercules and had created that great gap that has severed two continents4 ,then1 leaving their work to be finished1 they had sailed on to celebrate their triumph in the ,land of ,el ,dorado1 the region of their desires4 ,in a shallop in front of these floating winged vessels1 riding on the waves1 came ,venus1 rowed by the fairies - in her hand the golden ball of opportunity4 ,the mermaids1 the dolphins1 the little sea-horses sported in the wake of these vessels1 leaving a long line of foam and silver as they sped on4 ,over the waves they came to the ,golden ,land of the ,pacific4 ,they moored their vessels by the fort-flanked shores1 and stepping out upon the haunt of the seagull1 they moved boldly across this unsightly stretch of wave-washed land4 ,enterprise and ,energy pushed ahead3 the ,fairy ever flitting near4 ,at a signal from ,enterprise the ,fairy turned her wheel1 ,venus threw her golden ball of opportunity1 and lo6 out of the foam of the sea rose a ,venus city with the round sea bubbles resting on the roofs4 ,one day a man appeared on the hilltop o'erlooking this wondrous city and by his magic power1 being filled with music1 with color-music1 he cast a spell and behold a pastel city by the sea - such an one as only those who dream could think of2 a city glowing with warmth of color1 with a softness and mystical charm such as only the brain of ,jules ,guerin could produce4 ,he is the conductor of this wondrous symphony1 this beautiful ,mozart fantasia1 and if you listen1 you can hear the strains of the great beautiful melodies wafted now east1 now west1 now north1 now south1 rising to great climaxes1 falling back to great chords of harmony1 or1 in an allegro movement1 causing you almost to trip with delight in the joy of it all4 ,your eye is enthralled with the beauty of the coloring4 ,one sees turquoise green domes floating in a silver-moated ether1 long colonnades of glacial ice columns leading to regions beyond1 where quiet silver pools throw back the mirrored glories4 ,battalions of daffodils holding their long sabers stand in the ,south ,garden1 making ready for the great festival4 ,soon those daffodils will raise their golden trumpets and will sound the fanfare at the opening of the ,great ,jubilee1 and up will spring two hundred thousand wide-eyed yellow pansies to look and wonder at the marvelous beauty and help in the hallelujah chorus that will be one great poeon of joy - one splendid hymn of praise4 ,and the blue eucalypti against the walls will lend their voices1 the yellow acacias will add their cadences2 while down by the great lagoon1 ten thousand periwinkles will dance for joy4 ,far out on the waters will be intoned to the rhythm of the waves a chorus from white-robed water-lilies1 who1 like a throng of choristers1 will send their anthems rippling over the sun-kissed waves4 ,the ,spirit of the ,east that has added its domes1 its minarets1 its soft-glowing colors1 will remain and join hands with the ,spirit of the ,west1 that strong1 pulsating energetic spirit1 and the harmony produced will vibrate from the shores of the ,occident to the shores of the ,orient and bring about a better understanding1 a great world peace4 ,and the world will come to listen4 ,the great music will sound across the waters1 and the world will be the better in its way of thinking1 of working1 of living - and all because of the great beauty4 ,wonderful is it to be living today1 to have the opportunity of watching the beginning of this mighty growth2 to be present at one of the world's greatest events4 ,and the pastel city by the sea will not leave us1 for1 as the years go on1 whatever be our mission1 the vision of this dream-city will float before us1 leading us to finer1 higher works1 strengthening our ideals1 and causing us to give only of our finest fiber4 ,table of ,contents ,foreword - ,the ,pastel ,city by the ,sea ,ground ,plan of ,palaces and ,courts ,prayers at ,opening of ,exposition ,chiefs of ,departments ,architecture and ,architects ,sculptors and ,mural ,painters ,materials of the ,palaces ,material of the ,statues ,machinery ,palace ,palace of ,varied ,industries ,flora of the ,avenue of ,progress and the ,avenue of ,palms ,palace of ,manufactures and ,palace of ,liberal ,arts ,palace of ,education ,aisles between the ,palaces ,court of the ,universe ,cosmical ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,human ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,historical ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,ethical ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,floral ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,festival ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,tower of ,jewels ,jewels on the ,tower ,column of ,progress ,court of the ,ages ,north ,court of the ,ages ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,court of ,palms ,court of ,flowers ,italian ,towers ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,palace of ,horticulture ,south ,gardens ,festival ,hall ,color ,scheme ,index ,list of ,illustrations ,the ,end of the ,trail 7by ,james ,e4 ,fraser7 ,machinery ,palace ,palace of ,varied ,industries ,portal of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries ,portal of the ,palace of ,liberal ,arts ,west ,side of the ,palace of ,education ,thought 7by ,ralph ,stackpole7 ,portal of all the ,palaces facing ,north ,court of the ,universe ,the ,rising ,sun 7by ,a4 ,a4 ,weinmann7 ,descending ,night 7by ,a4 ,a4 ,weinmann7 ,earth 7by ,robert ,aitken7 ,the ,genius of ,creation 7by ,daniel ,c4 ,french7 ,the ,nations of the ,occident 7by ,calder1 ,roth and ,lentelli7 ,youth 7by ,edith ,w4 ,burroughs7 ,part of ,fountain of ,el ,dorado 7by ,g4 ,v4 ,whitney7 ,tower of ,jewels ,cortez 7by ,chas4 ,niehaus7 ,north ,court of ,court of the ,universe ,the ,adventurous ,bowman 7by ,h4 ,a4 ,mc,neil7 ,court of the ,ages ,water 7by ,frank ,brangwyn7 ,panel of ,the ,fountain of the ,earth 7by ,r4 ,aitken7 ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,the ,fountain of ,ceres 7by ,evelyn ,b4 ,longman7 ,the ,feast of the ,sacrifice 7by ,albert ,jaegers7 ,the ,emerald ,pool ,winter 7by ,furio ,piccirilli7 ,eastern ,gateway of ,court of ,four ,seasons ,court of ,palms ,the ,american ,pioneer 7by ,solon ,borglum7 ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,corner of the ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,panel of ,pegasus 7by ,bruno ,zimm7 ,palace of ,horticulture ,the ,fountain of ,energy 7by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder7 ,festival ,hall ,palaces and ,courts of the ,exposition ,the ,prayer of ,bishop ,nichols of the ,episcopal ,diocese of ,california1 ,given at the ,opening of the ,exposition ,the ,blessing of ,god ,almighty1 the ,god of the ,ages1 the ,god of the ,oceans1 the ,god of the ,continents1 the ,god of the ,genius of man and the ,god of every ,exposition of human achievement and progress - the ,blessing of ,god ,almighty1 the ,father1 the ,son and the ,holy ,ghost1 be upon you and remain with you always4 ,amen4 ,the #adhth ,psalm ,read by ,rabbi ,meyer of ,san ,francisco at the ,opening of the ,exposition ,praise ye the ,lord4 ,praise ye the ,lord from the heavens2 praise ,him in the ,heights4 ,praise ye ,him1 all ,his ,angels2 praise ye1 all ,his hosts4 ,praise ye ,him1 sun and moon2 praise ,him all ye stars of light4 ,praise ,him1 ye heaven of heavens1 and ye waters that be above the heavens4 ,let them praise the name of the ,lord2 for ,he commanded and they were created4 ,he hath also established them for ever and ever2 ,he hath made a decree which shall not pass4 ,praise the ,lord from the earth1 ye dragons1 and all deeps4 ,fire and hail1 snow and vapors2 stormy wind fulfilling ,his word2 ,mountains and all hills2 fruitful trees1 and all cedars2 ,beasts and all cattle2 creeping things and flying fowl2 ,kings of the earth and all people2 princes1 and all judges of the earth4 ,both young men1 and maidens2 old men1 and children4 ,let them praise the name of the ,lord2 for ,his name alone is excellent2 ,his glory is above the earth and heaven4 ,he also exalteth the horn of ,his people1 the praise of all ,his saints2 even of the children of ,israel1 a people near unto ,him4 ,praise ye the ,lord4 ,the ,prayer of ,bishop ,e4 ,j4 ,hanna of the ,catholic ,diocese ,given at the ,opening of the ,exposition ,o ,god of our ,fathers1 in ,whose power are the destinies of men1 in ,whose hands are the ends of the world1 look down with loving-kindness on ,thy children here gathered in ,thy ,name4 ,from the uttermost bounds of the earth have we come to commemorate one of man's greatest achievements adown the ages4 ,make us1 ,thy children1 realize that ,thou art the source of light and of inspiration2 make us realize that great things are wrought through ,thee alone4 ,to the city of ,st4 ,francis1 enthroned in beauty by the western sea1 give the grace of kindly hospitality1 the blessing of an ever-widening vision of true greatness1 a faith and a hope that know not failure4 ,to our glorious ,california give abundance of harvest1 a bounteous plenty of ,thy treasures and a valiant race of men blessed in the knowledge and sanctified in the observance of ,thy law4 ,to our favored land1 which is from sea to sea1 vouchsafe strength and unity and that peace which the world cannot give4 ,make us feel that the mighty ,city of ,god rises sublime through the centuries only when built on the foundations of justice and of truth2 and1 finally1 to all the nations here represented1 grant a vision of the highest things of life - of the things that make for true progress1 for real brotherhood1 for lasting union1 for unfailing love1 for mighty achievement in time1 and for that glory which is everlasting4 ,amen4 ,the ,chief's of ,departments ,architects - ,mr4 ,george ,kelham of ,san ,francisco4 ,sculptors - ,mr4 ,karl ,bitter of ,new ,york and his able manager1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,stirling ,calder of ,new ,york4 ,painters - ,mr4 ,jules ,guerin of ,new ,york4 ,illuminators - ,mr4 ,w4 ,d',arcy ,ryan of ,san ,francisco and ,mr4 ,guy ,bailey of ,berkeley1 ,cal4 ,landscape ,gardening - ,mr4 ,john ,mc,laren of ,san ,francisco and his son1 ,donald ,mc,laren4 ,inscriptions - ,selected by ,mr4 ,porter ,garnett of ,berkeley1 ,cal4 ,material for ,buildings was originated by ,mr4 ,paul ,e4 ,deneville of ,new ,york4 ,architecture and ,architects ,manager-in-,chief - ,geo4 ,kelham of ,san ,francisco4 ,court of the ,universe - ,mc,kim1 ,meade and ,white of ,new ,york4 ,tower of ,jewels - ,thomas ,hastings of ,new ,york4 ,court of the ,ages - ,louis ,christian ,mullgardt of ,san ,francisco4 ,court of the ,four ,seasons - ,henry ,bacon of ,new ,york4 ,court of ,flowers - ,geo4 ,kelham of ,san ,francisco4 ,court of ,palms - ,the ,italian ,towers - ,column of ,progress - ,symmes ,richardson of ,new ,york4 ,machinery ,palace - ,ward and ,blohme of ,san ,francisco4 ,palace of ,varied ,industries - ,w4 ,b4 ,faville of ,san ,francisco4 ,palace of ,mines - ,palace of ,manufactures - ,palace of ,transportation - ,palace of ,liberal ,arts - ,palace of ,education - ,palace of ,agriculture - ,palace of ,food ,products - ,also all portals and aisles - ,palace of ,fine ,arts - ,bernard ,r4 ,maybeck of ,san ,francisco4 ,palace of ,horticulture - ,bakewell and ,brown of ,san ,francisco4 ,festival ,hall - ,robert ,farquhar of ,los ,angeles4 ,sculptors 7,the numbers indicate the other works by the same sculptors to be seen in the ,fine ,arts ,palace47 ,adams1 ,herbert 7#c7 ,aitken1 ,robert 7#i7 ,bateman1 ,john ,beach1 ,chester 7#a7 ,borglum1 ,solon ,h4 7#a7 ,boutier1 ,e4 ,l4 ,bufano1 ,b4 ,burroughs1 ,edith ,woodman 7#d7 ,calder1 ,a4 ,stirling 7#e7 ,cummings1 ,earle ,ellerhusen1 ,ulric ,h4 7#b7 ,elwell1 ,frank ,edwin ,flanagan1 ,john 7#c7 ,fraser1 ,james ,earle 7#g7 ,french1 ,daniel ,chester 7#d7 ,fry1 ,sherry 7#b7 ,gerlach1 ,gustave ,gruppe1 ,carl ,harley1 ,c4 ,r4 ,humphries1 ,c4 ,h4 7#a7 ,jaegers1 ,albert 7#a7 ,jaegers1 ,august ,konti1 ,isadore 7#f7 ,laessle1 ,albert 7#ba7 ,lentelli1 ,leo ,longman1 ,evelyn ,beatrice 7#d7 ,mac,neil1 ,herman ,a4 7#b7 ,manship1 ,paul 7#aj7 ,newman1 ,allen ,niehaus1 ,charles ,patigian1 ,haig 7#g7 ,peters1 ,c4 ,piccirilli1 ,furio 7#b7 ,putnam1 ,arthur ,roth1 ,frederick ,g4 ,r4 7#ab7 ,rumsey1 ,charles ,carey 7#h7 ,stackpole1 ,ralph ,w4 7#d7 ,stea1 ,cesare ,tonetti1 ,f4 ,m4 ,l4 ,walters1 ,edgar 7#a7 ,weinert1 ,albert ,weinman1 ,adolph ,a4 7#i7 ,whitney1 ,gertrude ,vanderbilt 7#a7 ,young1 ,mahonri 7#i7 ,zimm1 ,bruno ,l4 ,,mural ,,painters 7,the numbers indicate the other works by the same artists to be seen in the ,fine ,arts ,palace47 ,bancroft1 ,milton ,brangwyn1 ,frank ,dodge1 ,william de ,leftwich ,du ,mond1 ,frank ,vincent 7#f7 ,hassam1 ,childe 7#cg7 ,holloway1 ,charles ,matthews1 ,arthur ,f4 7#ad7 ,reid1 ,robert 7#c7 ,simmons1 ,edward ,materials of the ,palaces ,the buildings1 as well as all of the statuary1 are made of artificial travertine1 of a smoked-ivory tone4 ,real travertine is found in and around ,rome1 especially at ,tivoli4 ,it is a pure carbonate of lime1 a creamy white deposit formed from dripping water1 in stratified form1 with cavities and fissures lined with crystals4 ,the ,colosseum and ,st4 ,peter's at ,rome are both made of this material4 ,the imitation travertine made with concrete1 and used in the second story of the ,pennsylvania ,station in ,new ,york in combination with real travertine of the first story1 was invented by ,mr4 ,symmes ,richardson of the firm of ,mc,kim1 ,meade and ,white of ,new ,york4 ,he also brought the real travertine to ,america to have it used for the first time in a large building1 the ,pennsylvania ,station4 ,mr4 ,paul ,deneville of ,new ,york has most successfully made a plastic travertine1 composed of gypsum from ,nevada combined with hemp fiber and a coloring pigment1 which has been applied to all of the ,exposition buildings1 producing a most pleasing glareless background under the sunny skies of ,san ,francisco4 ,the roofs are covered with imitation tiles1 since real tiles would be too expensive for ,exposition purposes4 ,material of the ,statues ,the architectural statues - that is1 those directly connected with the architecture - are of smoked-ivory tone1 so that you see them as part of the architectural scheme4 ,those far away from the eye1 used as free statues1 are1 in the main1 golden4 ,those nearer the eye simulate bronze1 the special color that seems worked out from the color of the blue eucalyptus4 ,all the statues of the ,exposition palaces and courts are of travertine1 the material of which the buildings are made4 ,machinery ,palace ,architects - ,ward and ,blohme of ,san ,francisco4 ,the palace is one of grandeur1 dignity and great beauty4 ,the architecture has been inspired by such old ,roman thermae as the ,baths of ,caracalla1 the ,baths of ,titus and the like4 ,the ornamentation is of the ,italian ,renaissance style1 worked out on a building that in form suits the needs of a great palace of machinery4 ,the gable points at the top of the western faade are such as one sees in the restoration of the ,baths of ,caracalla4 ,the first and only other expression of this style in ,america is seen in the ,pennsylvania ,station of ,new ,york ,city4 ,in the ,transportation ,palace can be seen a model of the proposed plan for a new ,union ,depot for ,chicago1 with a similar gabled effect4 ,the three arches reflect on the exterior the three aisles of the same portion of the palace within4 ,the great columns in front1 and also in the vestibule1 simulate ,siena marble4 ,the entablature carried across the faces of the arches supports ,american eagles by ,c4 ,a4 ,humphries4 ,eagles are also seen at the corners of the ,corinthian capitals4 ,this bird of freedom can be found all over the ,exposition4 ,notice that ,mr4 ,jules ,guerin1 the great color wizard1 leads you by means of the blue ground of the capitals1 the blue between the dentils1 the blue between the consoles to the blue sky above4 ,the principal lighting is by great clerestory windows - great windows at the north and the south ends - also by skylights4 ,the building covers nine acres1 and is the largest wooden structure in the world4 ,it is about three blocks long4 ,the statues as well as the reliefs are by ,haig ,patigian of ,san ,francisco4 ,vigorous types like machinery itself are used4 ,the generation1 transmission and application of power as applied to machinery are most interestingly represented4 ,the decorated drums of the columns show the ,genii of ,machinery4 ,the eyes of these figures are closed1 reminding you that power comes from within4 ,notice how from any point of view your figures suggest support at the sides of the drum4 ,the very position of the arms gives you a strong feeling of support4 ,the figures on the spandrels represent the application of power to machinery4 ,the figures on the pedestals represent3 #a4 ,steam ,power with the lever that starts the engine4 #b4 ,invention showing a more intellectual type of face1 carrying the figure with wings spread1 suggesting the flight of thought4 ,this thought1 as it were1 is above the world4 #c4 ,electricity with foot on the earth1 suggesting that electricity is not only in the earth1 but around it4 ,he carries his symbol1 electricity4 #d4 ,imagination1 showing man with his eyes closed - seeing within4 ,the bird of inspiration1 the eagle1 is about to take flight4 ,the wings on the head suggest the rapidity of thought or action4 ,inside this great palace one sees the latest inventions in machinery4 ,ponderous machines capable of shaping tons of metal1 great labor-saving machines1 and all sorts of electrical appliances4 ,safety first is a pronounced feature of this exhibit4 ,palace of ,varied ,industries ,architect - ,w4 ,b4 ,faville of ,san ,francisco4 ,the high walls1 averaging seventy feet to the cornice1 with their respective buttresses1 are strongly suggestive of the ,california missions of the eighteenth century4 ,the ,california bear and the ,seal of ,california are in decorative and suggestive evidence at the tops of the buttresses4 ,the green domes on the palace belong to the ,byzantine school of architecture1 such domes as one sees in the mosques of ,constantinople and other ,mohammedan centers4 ,the windows seen in the corner towers are the same kind that one sees used in the majority of mosques4 ,the beautiful central portal1 facing south1 is modeled after the ,portal of the ,hospice of ,santa ,cruz at ,toledo1 ,spain4 ,it is #afth century ,spanish ,renaissance1 known as the ,plateresque style 7from platero1 silversmith74 ,the columns suggest a wood origin and look as if they had been turned in a lathe4 ,the portal is the color of cork1 illuminated here and there with niche walls of pink1 and touches of ultramarine blue4 ,the fine figure work representing the modern industrial types is by ,ralph ,stackpole of ,oregon1 whose home is now in ,san ,francisco4 ,he expresses himself most simply and unaffectedly1 in clear1 broad treatment1 and makes the ordinary workman a man to be honored and respected4 ,the upper figures represent an old man handing his burden to a younger man4 ,the ,old ,world ,handing ,its ,burden to the ,younger ,world1 that is ,america1 is finely suggested4 ,the keystone figure represents ,the ,power of ,industry1 the man who both thinks and uses his hands4 ,in the tympanum are the types representing the ,varied ,industries4 ,in the center is ,agriculture representing the food side of life4 ,on the left a workman1 possibly an architect1 suggests the refinements of the varied industries1 while on the right one sees the ordinary workman with his sledge-hammer1 bringing to mind the rougher side of industry4 ,in the left corner a woman with her spindle - a lamb standing near - recalls the making of textiles4 ,commerce occupies the right corner1 holding the prow of a vessel with its figurehead4 ,the ,workman with his pick is repeated in the four niches4 ,the two flanking portals are also in the plateresque style with devices of this ,spanish ,renaissance period represented on them4 ,the shields1 or cartouches as they are called1 have no special meaning1 being only ornaments of this particular period4 ,the portals on the east of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries and also of the ,palace of ,mines are suggestive of gateways of old ,roman walled cities1 like those of ,perugia1 for instance4 ,this ,italian type of portal is chosen since ,machinery ,palace opposite is in the ,italian style of architecture4 ,notice how the pastel pink accents the portal4 ,the figure of ,the ,miner in the niches is by ,albert ,weinert1 whose work in the ,congressional ,library at ,washington is well known4 ,the ,palace of ,varied ,industries has an exhibition of the more refined manufactures1 those articles that are regarded more as luxuries1 such as bronzes1 jewelry1 silverware1 fine pottery1 porcelains1 rugs1 leather work1 silks1 etc4 ,the ,palace of ,mines deals with the smelting of metals1 a fine exhibition of different ores1 and above all ,safety ,first in its relation to mines4 ,the ,mines ,rescue work is most interesting4 ,flora of the ,avenue of ,progress and the ,avenue of ,palms ,eucalyptus globulus 7blue gum74 ,eucalyptus robusta4 ,eucalyptus viminalis4 ,cupressus macrocarpa 7,monterey cypress74 ,laurestinus4 ,australian pea vine on the palms4 ,muhlenbeckia 7,australian mattress vine7 against the base of ,machinery ,palace4 ,honeysuckle against the base of the ,varied ,industries ,palace4 ,lawson cypress4 ,libocedrus decurrens 7incense cedar74 ,acacia floribunda4 ,acacia latifolia4 ,albizzia lophantha4 ,abies menzies 7fir74 ,picea ,engelmanni 7spruce74 ,picea excelsa 7from ,norway7 7spruce74 ,pittosporum4 ,rhododendrons 7notice how they work upon the pink walls7 7for color74 ,cinerarias 7for color74 ,cyclamen 7for color74 ,dracaena indivisa 7cabbage palm74 ,woodwardias4 ,japanese strawberry4 ,notice ,mr4 ,mc,laren's devices for covering the ground4 ,the lophantha lawn1 it might be called1 is an artificial device for producing a most lovely effect4 ,the tree is stripped of all branches until it has attained the height of four feet1 the top being trained and flattened into a head five feet across4 ,the trees are placed close enough together so that the tops interlace1 producing thereby a continuous green surface4 ,the veronica1 buxifolia is the light green border at the side and in front of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries4 ,achanea from ,new ,zealand and ,australia is used on the banks and accords most harmoniously with the albizzia lophantha4 ,the abelia rupestris is the red leafed plant with pink blossoms4 ,peonia moutan daikaqura is the peony4 ,since the small plants in front of the permanent shrubs are changed periodically1 a list of everything planted is of course out of the question4 ,the technical names are suggested with a few of the trees and shrubs so that you can continue this line of work for yourself4 ,since the botanical names are placed on the plants in many places you can easily find what you seek4 ,the ,palace of ,manufactures and also ,the ,palace of ,liberal ,arts 7,since they are alike47 ,the portal is ,spanish ,renaissance with grill work4 ,notice the pastel pink1 turquoise blue and burnt orange on this portal4 ,this coloring is a means of strongly accenting this fine architectural feature4 ,the panel 7representing the making of glass1 metal work1 textiles1 statuary1 etc471 as well as the female figure holding the spindle and the male with the sledge-hammer1 are by ,mahonri ,young of ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah4 ,the wall niches show elephants and lions used alternately - a fine oriental touch4 ,the heads are used as fountains4 ,acroterium is the ,victory on the gables1 many times repeated4 ,it is the work of ,frank ,edwin ,elwell1 curator of ,ancient ,art1 at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,new ,york4 ,viewing the figure from the side1 you are reminded of the ,victory of ,samothrace4 ,she is noticeably beautiful against the late afternoon sky and also against the blue morning sky4 ,you will notice that the flora is just the same in the main in front of these buildings as it was in front of the others you have seen1 the grass lawn here taking the place of the albizzia lophantha4 ,sweet peas1 daffodils1 rhododendrons1 evening primroses1 ,japanese magnolias1 coronilla are added for color4 ,the ,palace of ,manufactures shows the coarser1 heavier articles1 such as furniture1 carpets1 woolen goods1 hardware4 ,many articles are being made in this palace4 ,the ,palace of ,liberal ,arts includes all kinds of printing1 book binding1 engraving1 photographic apparatus1 especially in the line of moving pictures and color photography1 theatrical appliances1 musical instruments1 instruments of precision1 wireless telegraphy and the wireless telephone1 etc4 ,palace of ,education ,architect - ,w4 ,b4 ,faville of ,san ,francisco4 ,there are three portals on the south in the ,spanish ,renaissance style1 with twisted columns of the ,byzantine school4 ,notice that the screws twist in opposite directions4 ,above the central portal is ,gustav ,gerlach's tympanum relief ,education4 ,the tree of knowledge is seen in the background4 ,the kindergarten stage1 the half-grown1 and the mature periods are shown1 the last showing the man no longer under a teacher1 but working his problem out by himself4 ,the modern costumes1 combined with the classical styles1 suggest that the knowledge of today rests upon that of the old schools4 ,mr4 ,gerlach is a pupil of ,karl ,bitter of ,new ,york1 the ,chief of the ,sculpture4 ,below the tympanum is the open book of knowledge from which light radiates in all directions4 ,the curtains of darkness have been drawn aside4 ,the hour-glass says1 ,improve the shining moments as they pass4 ,the crown awaits those who will seek knowledge4 ,atop this portal is the globe suggesting that education extends around the world4 ,the panel on the left shows the female teacher in the center4 ,she is instructing her hearers who discuss their interests4 ,this panel is by ,peters4 ,the companion panel with the male teacher is by ,cesare ,stea4 ,both panels are quite evident in meaning4 ,messrs4 ,peters and ,stea are pupils of the ,beaux ,arts of ,paris and the ,national ,school of ,sculpture of ,america1 respectively4 ,the ,palace of ,education and ,social ,economy shows developments since #aije4 ,comparative exhibits of educational interests of all nations are shown4 ,child welfare1 playgrounds1 care of the feebleminded1 treatment of the insane1 missionary work1 the ,red ,cross system1 criminology1 park systems1 street improvements1 methods of disposing of sewage1 and many other allied subjects are interestingly worked out for public benefit4 ,the flora is just about the same in front of these palaces as that which you have noticed4 ,the veronica buxifolia is grouped around the lawn at the corner of ,palm and ,administration ,avenues4 ,the west side of the ,palace of ,education as well as that of the ,palace of ,food ,products1 has great ,roman half domes above the entrances4 ,again your architecture at the portals is changed to suit the style of the palace opposite4 ,the ,fine ,arts ,palace is mainly old ,roman4 ,these are called respectively ,the ,dome of ,philosophy and ,the ,dome of ,plenty4 ,the female figures carrying the books ,ex libris1 as well as the male figures carrying cereal wreaths1 are by ,albert ,weinert and ,earl ,cummings1 respectively4 ,out of books comes much knowledge1 says the woman4 ,if you wish to be as physically strong as ,i am1 eat my food1 says the man4 ,this figure then represents physical vigor4 ,the fountains of the vestibules are by ,w4 ,b4 ,faville of ,san ,francisco4 ,that in the vestibule of the ,palace of ,food ,products is strongly reminiscent of the fountain of ,perugia4 ,the great ,siena pedestals beside these palaces carry ,ralph ,stackpole's ,thought4 ,the niches have alternate groups of ,abundance and ,triumph of the ,fields1 both by ,chas4 ,harley of ,philadelphia 7studio in ,new ,york74 ,abundance expresses to you the overflowing amount of all that we have today4 ,her symbol1 the cornucopia1 is seen on either side4 ,her large hands are spread out as if to say3 ,i give you all that ,i have4 ,take4 ,choose what you will4 ,one certainly has a bountiful choice4 ,the eagle's head is on the prow of the vessel in which she sits4 ,it surely suggests that considering all we have put before us today1 we have reason for inspiration 7the eagle being the symbol of inspiration74 ,the ,triumph of the ,fields shows man surrounded by the symbols of the harvest festivals when the ,celtic cross1 to take one case1 or the standard with the bull atop1 to take another1 was carried through the fields at the time of the bringing in of the harvests4 ,man has been the guiding hand to the bull1 but the bull has really triumphed since it has actually done the work1 while man receives the credit4 ,man has surmounted the bull1 as it were4 ,above is the wheel of the wain of old4 ,the seed in the black earth appears almost to possess intelligence4 ,you get that idea by the head below4 ,has not the seed produced the bearded barley head you see represented8 ,does not that power of production appear to be intelligence in the seed8 ,below the niches are facsimiles of old ,roman baths such as one sees in the ,lateran ,museum1 in ,rome4 7,see picture in ,bannister ,fletcher's ,history of ,architecture1 page #agj47 ,fronting the ,esplanade are four great palaces3 ,the ,palace of ,food ,products1 which allows you to see how a number of our dry groceries are made2 ,the ,palace of ,agriculture1 dealing with the many interests of the farmer and the orchardist1 the fisheries1 forestry1 reclaimed land1 etc42 ,the ,palace of ,transportation1 which enables one to see the remarkable progress made in automobiles1 aerial navigation1 ocean liners1 overland trains1 etc42 ,the ,palace of ,mines1 which has been spoken of before4 ,these four palaces have the same kind of doorway4 ,the style is the ,spanish ,plateresque1 the same kind of work that was used on the fine portals of the ,palace of ,varied ,industries4 ,the ,spanish ,cavalier 7by ,allen ,newman7 is the type of man who came to ,america in the #afth century1 during the period following its discovery4 ,he is the type of ,spanish conqueror 7conquistador74 ,the ,pirate 7by ,allen ,newman7 is the type of man who infested the shores of ,spanish-,america and preyed upon the commerce4 ,the ,palaces are intimately placed for several reasons4 ,from experiences at previous ,expositions tired feet are strongly to be considered1 hence the nearness of the buildings4 ,san ,francisco has a few 787 windy and foggy days in the ,trade ,wind ,season1 so if the walls are high and near together1 the courts on the inside of those walls will be well protected from both winds and fogs4 ,the high walls lift the cool air so that it passes over the buildings of the great block1 thus sheltering the courts within4 - ,now that you have walked around the faades of the palaces of this great block system1 you can start with your courts4 ,i would strongly suggest that you study all of your buildings of this group first1 before entering the courts for close work4 - ,the ,aisles ,between the ,palaces ,the aisle between the ,educational ,palace and the ,palace of ,food ,products is called ,the ,aisle of ,spring1 tho the name will probably not be applied very often1 as the aisle is not important4 ,the flora seen here is eucalyptus1 acacia1 laurestinus with its white bloom1 and veronica decussata with its purple flowers4 ,the border is cistus4 - ,the ,aisle of the ,setting ,sun is between the ,court of the ,universe and the ,court of the ,four ,seasons4 ,the ,aisle of the ,rising ,sun is between the ,court of the ,universe and the ,court of the ,ages4 ,these two aisles are very much alike1 the great difference being in the flora used4 ,the style is ,italian ,renaissance and should not be called ,venetian1 as many have named it4 ,the walls are covered with a diaper design of ochre1 pink and travertine4 ,blue rondels are used with telling effect4 ,they give a delightful touch of color and have a fine ,italian feeling4 ,these rondels have no special meaning1 being purely decorative4 ,the coupled columns with different decorations have their prototypes in the columns of the churches of southern ,italy4 ,the arched windows have interesting grotesque keystones4 ,notice that the spirals of the great ,siena marble columns turn in opposite directions4 ,think how they would appear if they all turned the same way6 ,notice also the beautiful manipulation of color on the ,triumphal ,arches4 ,the latticed windows are strongly suggestive of ,mohammedan work and are a beautiful turquoise green4 ,they are among the many ,oriental touches at this splendid ,exposition4 ,the area of deep pink and the burnt orange medallions must be seen to realize their beauty4 ,no wonder ,pegasus is seen in the spandrels6 ,who would not mount ,pegasus at such a glorious ,exposition8 ,in these aisles are many remarkable conifers4 ,yews from many different countries1 junipers of various kinds1 pines1 firs1 spruces1 cypresses of countless varieties1 many thuyas1 beside euonymus1 holly1 datura1 ,india rubber1 aralias1 the beautiful nandina domestica1 a most lovely foliage massed in the corners of the west side of the ,aisle of the ,rising ,sun4 ,in ,march and ,april these courts receive glorious rich coloring from beds of ,california poppies and anemones1 bordered with creeping juniper4 ,the gay spring flowers will be followed by summer annuals1 and later by our autumn blossoms1 ,the ,court of the ,universe ,this court1 which strongly resembles the great area in front of ,st4 ,peter's1 ,rome1 with its sweep of colonnade to right and left1 was designed by the ,new ,york firm of ,mc,kim1 ,meade and ,white4 ,the architecture is ,italian ,renaissance and gives you the beautiful spirit of the old-time work4 ,it is a wonderful court in architecture1 ornamentation1 color1 arrangement1 and above all in meaning4 ,in order to get the full joy of it you must pursue a regular plan and you cannot hurry4 ,don't try to do it all in one day4 ,first walk thru the court to the ,triumphal ,arch on the right4 ,pass thru it and read the quotation on the right at the top of the arch4 - ,the ,cosmical ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,the universe - an infinite sphere4 ,its center everywhere1 its circumference1 nowhere4 ,this comes from ,pascal1 from his ,penses4 ,this splendid quotation gives you the infinite side of your subject4 ,now pass back to the ,court of the ,universe and you will see ninety times repeated against the sky1 ,a4 ,stirling ,calder's very decorative ,jeweled ,star4 ,this will suggest the myriad of suns in our great universe 7since stars are suns74 ,the nearest star to us1 our sun 7,the ,rising ,sun1 by ,a4 ,a4 ,weinmann of ,new ,york7 then attracts the attention4 ,he is seen just before daybreak4 ,this fresh1 strong young sun is just bout to start on his journey4 ,dawn is soon to break upon the world and with muscles stretched1 the heavenly joy of the first move expressed upon his face1 the wind blowing thru his hair1 the vigor of young life pulsating thru his body1 he will start the chest forward and move those outstretched wings4 ,walk toward him and you will see him begin his journey thru space4 ,now read the quotation an the ,triumphal ,arch of the ,rising ,sun3 ,the moon sinks yonder in the west ,while in the east the glorious sun ,behind the herald dawn appears ,thus rise and set in constant change those shining orbs ,and regulate the very life of this our world4 - ,by ,kalidasa 7the ,shakespeare of ,india74 ,the sun at setting is represented by a beautiful woman4 ,the day is just about to close and with muscles relaxed 7knees bent1 head drooping1 arms falling1 wings folding7 she is soon to sink to slumber1 to pass from view4 ,this is what is suggested by calling the figure the ,setting ,sun4 ,in the ,fine ,arts ,palace1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,weinmann has called the same figure ,descending ,night1 and that title is much more consistent and satisfactory1 for how are you going to account for the youthful sun's appearing at the end of the day as a woman8 ,then again the reliefs refer to ,descending ,night1 for they are called ,the ,mysteries of ,dusk4 ,now raise your eyes to those beautiful cameo figures on the burnt orange ground at the entrance to the colonnades1 and you will be carried in thought to the ,zodiac1 that great imaginary belt thru which the sun and planets travel4 ,there you see the zodiacal figures1 two and two1 with their symbols1 gliding thru space4 ,the clouds or nebulous matter is suggested by the female figures with swirling drapery1 toward the end of the frieze4 ,in the center stands ,atlas1 mythologically the first astronomer4 ,your fancy has carried you on the wings of the wind at this very suggestion4 ,these fourteen maids are ,atlas' fourteen daughters4 ,go close to the die of the fountain of the ,rising ,sun and look at the reliefs4 ,the subject is ,day ,triumphant4 ,the genius of ,time with hour-glass is followed by the genius of ,light with flaming torch1 and ,energy sounds on his trumpet the announcement of the break of day4 ,truth follows with mirror and sword emerging triumphant from the sinister powers of ,darkness4 ,falsehood shrinks from its own image reflected in the mirror of ,truth4 ,vice cowers and struggles in the coils of a serpent4 - ,walk over to the corresponding die on the fountain of ,descending ,night4 ,on it are shown the ,gentle ,powers of the ,night4 ,dusk envelops in her cloak ,labor1 ,love and ,peace4 ,following are ,illusions carried upon the wings of ,sleep4 ,then come the ,evening ,mists1 followed by the ,star ,dance and ,luna1 goddess of the ,silver crescent4 7,let me acknowledge the kind help of ,mr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,weinmann in the interpretation of these reliefs47 ,you have swept your mind over the cosmical side of the ,court of the ,universe on objects at a great distance4 ,come closer now to view the elements4 ,these colossal figures of ,earth1 ,air1 ,water1 ,fire assume a certain majesty in this ,court of the ,universe4 ,they are in horizontal composition and add greatly to the decorative1 side of this inspiring court4 ,earth - ,the sleeping ,earth which yields to man wood 7from the great trees whose roots ramify below the surface of the ground71 stone and minerals - 7man wrests thru great muscular strength these substances from the earth74 ,air - ,that holds to her ear the star4 ,she is listening to the music of the spheres4 ,on her back are wings which man has fastened so that he can overcome her - a fine suggestion to aerial navigation4 ,the bird1 the symbol of the air1 is twice repeated4 ,fire - ,his very expression of face shows you the terrorizing effect of fire4 ,he holds his hand in the flame4 ,the lightning plays on his right arm4 ,across his figure passes the salamander1 the fabled reptile of the fire4 7,see the real salamander in the ,japanese concession on the ,zone47 ,water - ,the bellowing ocean with mouth agape lies on the tossing waves1 thru which sport the dolphins4 ,ocean1 the king of the waters1 carries the trident4 ,on his head and in his hands the kelp is seen4 ,the elements are by ,robert ,aitken of ,new ,york1 formerly of ,san ,francisco4 - ,the ,human ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,all is now ready for man4 ,in the center of the ,court of the ,universe was to have been ,daniel ,french's ,genius of ,creation1 but if it is not there1 we must not lose the great dominant note of this ,court1 so pass thru the ,triumphal ,arch of the ,orient1 thru the beautiful ,aisle of the ,rising ,sun1 across the ,court of the ,ages1 out thru the next aisle1 to the plaza in front of ,machinery ,palace in order to follow the story4 ,here on the boulder sits the great ,spirit 7not a man you will notice74 ,the hood is drawn far over the face so that a certain idealism is produced - a great spirit with wings and arms raised4 ,wisdom 7the serpent7 encircles the throne4 ,the arms of the creating spirit have just been raised1 the word has just been spoken and splendid manhood ready to meet the world1 with modest1 helpful woman1 just come forth4 ,the hands touch at the back of the group1 causing you to feel that man and woman are mutually dependent4 ,return to the ,court of the ,universe4 ,now1 look up at the ,triumphal arches and notice ,leo ,lentelli's ,angel of ,peace with its downturned sword4 ,let there be peace throughout the world4 ,turn down the sword1 it says4 - ,a night of illumination should follow your work and you can then read under the searchlights the words on the right upper corner of the ,oriental ,gateway - ,our eyes and hearts uplifted ,seem to rest on heaven's radiance4 7,from ,hitomaro1 the ,japanese poet of the #hth century1 ,a4 ,d47 - ,your scene is shifted for a short time4 ,you have passed into the ,court of the ,ages for a retrospect 7upon the human side74 ,the primitive people are to be seen here on the ,fountain of the ,psychology of ,life4 ,don't try to see everything in detail now1 for you can come back later4 ,just realize this1 that the small group facing west in the fountain is ,the ,dawn of ,life1 then comes ,natural ,selection which develops into ,the ,survival of the ,fittest1 or ,the ,development of the ,militant ,spirit4 ,this early period shows man working strongly under the power of impulse4 ,vanity1 lust and greed seem to dominate his actions4 ,on these primitive people pass thru life4 ,you can see them if you look up on the ,tower4 ,on they march1 in that upward climb of civilization4 ,marching along with primitive man1 thru long periods of time1 you next meet him developed as the ,crusader of the ,mediaeval period4 ,he has mounted thru war and his religion and stands at the feet of the ,priestess of ,religion1 the last group at the upper part of the ,tower4 ,on either side you will notice a man and a woman standing on the bodies of primitive beings4 ,these figures represent the man and the woman of today - the man and the woman who have sprung from this primitive stock4 ,don't stop in this beautiful ,court of the ,ages1 for we shall return later to finish our story4 ,you have gotten connection enough now to allow you to return to the ,court of the ,universe4 ,take a seat in the sunken garden and look up at the figures on the ,triumphal ,arch of the ,rising ,sun4 ,the ,orientals are represented by many types4 ,from left to right are seen3 #a4 ,the ,arab sheik on his ,arabian steed4 #b4 ,the ,negro servitor with fruits on head4 #c4 ,the ,egyptian on his camel1 carrying a ,mohammedan standard4 #d4 ,the ,arab falconer with bird on wrist4 #e4 ,the splendid ,indian prince on the back of the elephant4 #f4 ,inside the howdah the ,spirit of the ,east4 #g4 ,the lama from ,thibet with his rod of authority4 #h4 ,the ,mohammedan with his crescent standard4 #i4 ,again a negro servitor4 #aj4 ,the ,mongolian on his horse4 ,on they come1 these ,orientals1 to take part in the great celebration4 7,they are the collaborated work of ,a4 ,stirling ,calder1 ,leo ,lentelli1 ,frederick ,roth47 ,next look up at your ,occidentals on the ,arch of the ,setting ,sun4 ,from left to right you see3 #a4 ,the ,french ,canadian - the trapper4 #b4 ,the ,alaskan with her totem poles on her back4 #c4 ,the ,latin-,american on horseback4 #d4 ,the ,german4 #e4 ,the ,italian4 #f4 ,the ,anglo-,american4 #g4 ,the ,squaw with her papoose basket4 #h4 ,the ,american ,indian on his horse4 ,in the center is the old ,prairie ,schooner drawn by the great oxen4 ,atop1 pushing out1 is ,enterprise leading these men westward1 on either side a white boy and a colored boy1 ,the ,heroes of ,tomorrow4 ,in front marches that stalwart ,mother of ,tomorrow4 ,it has taken all these ,occidentals to produce the work that is coming in the future - the achievements due to the completion of the ,panama ,canal - therefore1 they conjointly express ,the ,mother of ,tomorrow4 - ,these nations are now marching into the ,court of the ,universe and are to meet in front of the ,tower of ,jewels1 the symbol of the ,panama ,canal4 ,read now on the ,occidental ,gateway the magnificent lines by ,walt ,whitman3 ,facing west from ,california's shores1 ,inquiring1 tireless1 seeking what is yet unfound1 ,i1 a child1 very old1 over waves ,toward the house of maternity1 the land of migrations look afar1 ,look off the shores of my western sea1 ,the circle almost circled4 ,mr4 ,porter ,garnett's excellent explanation you may be glad to read3 ,in these transcendent lines we have the poet speaking as the personification and representative of the ,aryan race1 the race1 which1 having its origin in the plains of ,kashmir1 has by virtue of the spirit of conquest1 the desire to be seeking what is yet unfound1 finally reached the western edge of the ,american ,continent1 whence it 'faces west from ,california's shores' and looks toward the ,house of ,maternity1 the ,land of ,migrations from which it originally sprang4 ,it seems hardly possible to conceive of an inscription that embodies such a tremendous thought1 and is1 at the same time1 so appropriate to the purpose for which it is suggested4 ,it comes1 moreover1 from the poet who above all others represents the spirit of the ,american people and the ideals of democracy4 ,you now feel the import of the ,occidentals who1 with that ,aryan spirit1 have with mighty power1 such as ,hercules alone possessed 7as ,perham ,nahl's poster tells you7 severed two continents and introduced the ,panama ,canal4 - ,next read the far-seeing words of ,goethe in his letters to ,eckermann 7on the west side of ,the ,arch of the ,setting ,sun73 ,it is absolutely indispensable for the ,united ,states to effect a passage from the ,mexican ,gulf to the ,pacific ,ocean1 and ,i am certain that they will do it4 ,would that ,i could live to see it1 but ,i shall not4 - ,the ,historical ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,begin with ,mr4 ,edward ,simmon's murals on either side of the ,gateway of the ,rising ,sun4 ,facing east1 the mural on the right represents ,the ,nations ,that ,have ,crossed the ,atlantic 7,greece1 ,italy1 ,spain1 ,england1 ,france1 etc47 and the special types are these3 #a4 ,the savage of the lost ,atlantis4 #b4 ,the ,graeco-,roman sharpening his blade4 #c4 ,columbus1 the type of adventurer4 #d4 ,sir ,walter ,raleigh1 the type of colonist4 #e4 ,the priest1 representing the ,jesuit missionaries4 #f4 ,the artist4 #g4 ,the workman4 #h4 ,the 7veiled7 ,future listening to the ,past4 ,the people of the old world1 with all their traditions1 cross the ,atlantic1 led by the ,spirit of ,adventure 7with his bugle calling them to come74 ,the mural on the opposite side shows the aspirations1 etc41 of the group just examined4 ,reading from left to right we find the men had hopes 7and some false hopes - but bubbles71 commerce1 inspiration1 truth1 religion1 wealth and family in their minds4 ,cross to the ,gateway of the ,setting ,sun looking at the mural on the right as you face west4 ,time has moved on since those early colonists came to the ,atlantic shores and now the ,spirit of ,abundance 7with her overflowing golden cornucopia7 is sounding the call for all to follow4 ,many leave their homes to join the great throng that is moving westward4 ,the wagon is laden with the necessaries of life for the new home in the western country4 ,you see the feather bed1 the old grandfather's clock that stood on the stairs1 the scythe1 the pitchfork and the rake for their agricultural interests1 etc4 ,on the right the young man who has said goodbye to his wife now turns to his aged parents4 ,the mother1 overcome with grief at parting1 stands speechless1 and the grey-haired father shakes his boy's hands and wishes him ,godspeed4 ,all types of men are taking the journey and you are reminded that not alone workmen and adventurers are leading the procession1 but ministers1 women with their refining influence1 children with their school books1 and college men with gown and mortar-board1 with books under arms - all moving on the long journey westward4 ,occupying the same position on the southern side of the arch the companion-piece1 by ,frank ,vincent ,du ,mond1 shows these men from the ,atlantic arriving at the shores of the ,pacific4 ,the people of the west with outstretched arms welcome the travelers4 ,the children of the ,pacific shores run with flowers and fruits to greet them4 ,you will notice the different types arriving from the ,atlantic shore - literary men 7with pen and book71 architects 7with temple in hand71 scientists 7with book under arm71 ,franciscan friars 7with crucifix and mission bells in hand71 etc4 ,these are followed by the ,red ,coats1 indicating those who preserved order4 ,these men are all led by the ,spirit of ,adventure4 ,she is no longer in the foreground1 but is ready to fall behind as soon as she has fulfilled her mission4 ,the agricultural interests of the western countries are suggested by the wheat and implements of the field4 ,the heavily laden orange trees speak of the fruit industries4 ,does the tapir stand for ,south ,america8 ,surely1 ,south ,america is coming into the foreground just now4 ,the people have now been brought to the shores of the ,pacific4 - ,the ,panama region is the one next to be visited and you rehearse its story1 standing under the ,tower of ,jewels1 ,the ,panama ,canal4 ,these are the murals of ,frank ,de,leftwich ,dodge3 #a4 ,the ,panama ,isthmus is discovered4 #b4 ,it is purchased by the ,united ,states4 #c4 ,you are reminded that the great waters - the ,atlantic and the ,pacific - play with titanic force on either side of the isthmus4 #d4 ,the ,panama ,canal is completed4 #e4 ,labor is crowned4 #f4 ,the achievements which follow are shown3 7,the caduceus1 the wand of ,mercury1 the symbol of commerce1 is prominent47 - ,pass thru this ,tower of jewels noticing in the eastern and also the western arcades two fine fountains4 ,on the left is the ,fountain of ,youth by ,mrs4 ,edith ,woodman ,burroughs of ,flushing1 ,long ,island4 ,the simple1 beautiful1 naive figure standing on the pedestal is ,youth1 the ,united ,states1 the child that has come from old parents 7,europe74 ,the old father and mother have had many children - many little primroses you will notice - but none more dear than this one4 ,the charming panels will remind you that the old people of today are being rowed by the young4 ,these children row the vessels1 bring them to shore and fasten them to their moorings4 ,many of the old people are deaf or blind and are straining to follow the young who1 with willing hands are guiding them on4 ,a most charming1 lovely work is this1 and adds a fine touch to the open book that we are reading4 ,don't lose the eagle and laurel wreath back of ,youth4 ,they are significant4 ,oh the other side is the fine formal fountain of ,el ,dorado1 by ,gertrude ,vanderbilt ,whitney of ,new ,york4 ,the fountain of ,el ,dorado brings to mind the old ,indian legend of ,el ,dorado1 the ,gilded ,one3 ,there was once among the ,south ,american tribes a belief that in a certain far-off country lived a king called ,el ,dorado1 the ,gilded ,one4 ,he ruled over a region where gold and precious stones were found in abundance4 ,the story influenced a vast number of adventurers who led expeditions to seek the land of golden treasure1 but1 notwithstanding the fact that they searched most carefully and for long periods1 they all failed to find it4 ,the idea of the unattainable gave the suggestion to ,mrs4 ,whitney for her fountain4 ,the gold of ,el ,dorado was used as the symbol of all material advantages which we so strongly desire - wealth1 power1 fame1 etc4 ,in the panels are seen the men and women of life in their mad race for the unattainable4 ,many have had a glimpse of ,el ,dorado1 the ,gilded ,one1 and are rushing on to pass the mysterious gate behind which the desires of life await them4 ,some faint by the roadside or stop in their race for the goal to contend or to loiter by the way1 but those nearest the ,el ,dorado increase their speed - rush madly on4 ,beside the gateway that has only just allowed the fabled ,el ,dorado1 the ,gilded ,one1 to pass through are two mortals who have come close to the land of their desires1 but only to find the door shut and slaves beside it barring the way4 ,their strength is expended1 their courage gone in the long race for material things4 ,the panels of this fountain tell us in satirical language something we can profitably think over and realize if we will4 - ,the ,ethical ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,after man has created the great ,isthmian ,way1 it is well to think on his fine ethical standards4 ,read on the triumphal arches these quotations on truth1 honor1 justice1 wisdom3 7,spain7 ,truth1 witness of the past1 counsellor of the present1 guide of the future4 7,cervantes in ,don ,quixote47 ,east side of ,arch of the ,setting ,sun4 7,china7 ,they who know the truth are not equal to those who love it4 7,confucius from the ,confucian ,analects translated by ,james ,legge47 ,west side of the ,arch of the ,rising ,sun4 7,arabia7 ,he that honors not himself lacks honor where soe'er he goes4 7,from the ,mu'allaqua of ,zuhayr ibn ,abi ,sulma translated by ,reynold ,a4 ,nicholson47 ,east side of the ,arch of the ,rising ,sun4 7,italy7 ,the world is in its most excellent state when justice is supreme4 7,dante ,purgatoria47 ,west side of the ,arch of the ,setting ,sun4 7,siam7 ,a wise man teaches1 be not angry2 from untrodden ways turn aside4 7,from the sayings of ,phra ,ruang1 ,prince ,ram ,khamheng of ,sukhothai47 ,east side of the ,arch of the ,rising ,sun4 - ,coming into this great ,court of the ,universe one hopes that truth1 honor1 justice and wisdom will be maintained4 - ,the ,floral ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,this court will show a succession of beautiful bloom throughout the year4 ,the daffodils will have their golden season1 the rhododendrons their brilliant sheet of color1 and in ,may the columns will support our various climbing roses1 exhaling their perfume for all who come to this ,land of ,flowers4 ,summer flowering annuals will follow and later the autumnal flowers4 ,read the quotation on the aisle side of the ,arch of the ,rising ,sun3 ,the balmy air diffuses health and fragrance1 ,so tempered is the genial glow that we know neither heat nor cold4 ,tulips and ,hyacinths abound4 ,fostered by a delicious clime1 the earth blooms like a garden4 - ,firdausi4 7,annals of ,kai-,kaus1 in ,james ,atkinson's translation of ,shah ,nameh47 ,so1 while thinking of a ,persian garden in the quotation1 we feel the applicability of these words to the ,california gardens4 - ,the ,festival ,side of the ,court of the ,universe ,there is still another side to realize in this meaningful court4 ,the exposition is a great festival1 a triumphal festival1 and you meet the suggestions of it all around you4 ,this great court is entered on three sides by ,triumphal ,arches4 ,the ,triumphal ,arch of the ,occident1 ,the ,triumphal ,arch of the ,orient1 ,the ,triumphal ,arch of the ,tower of ,jewels4 ,the prototype of the triumphal arch is seen in many places1 most satisfactorily today in ,rome4 ,the ,arch of ,constantine is the best model for us to examine1 for it has three openings - even if the shape of the side opening is not the same as that of the arches before us4 ,the great court is hung with festoons 7on the frieze7 and decorated with the vine and its grapes 7on the architrave74 ,the bulls' heads with festoons are represented on the frieze as they once were on the altars of old when the festival1 ,the ,feast of the ,sacrifice1 was celebrated4 7,refer to the same subject in ,the ,court of the ,four ,seasons47 ,in stately procession around the sunken garden are seen the ,canephori bringing their jars of nectar4 ,the ,canephori in old ,greek days were the maidens who formed part of the great processions1 such an one as the ,panethenaea1 carrying on their heads baskets which held the consecrated temple furniture1 to be deposited at the end of the long march in the temple4 ,here the sculptor has taken the license of representing men with the maidens1 and instead of baskets has used vases4 ,this idea of the festival is strongly accented at night when you are transported to old ,greek and ,roman days4 ,follow after this procession and you will notice that ,paul ,manship's ,joy of ,living1 or ,motion1 as it is also called1 has entered4 ,the joyous girls in perfect abandon are coming to join the happy throng4 ,they bring their offerings in the shape of great wild-rose festoons1 well suited to the ,wild ,roses who carry them4 ,near by is ,paul ,manship's ,music1 adding the song1 and the music of the lyre4 ,as a last touch you will find the nations of the ,occident and the nations of the ,orient marching into this ,court of the ,universe to take part in the festival in celebration of one of the greatest events of history - the opening of the ,panama ,canal4 ,at night comes the illumination1 as a climax to the festival1 and gradually the lights die down and all is still - just for a few hours only1 for day will dawn1 for is not the ,rising ,sun ever with us - and another day of festivity will come1 and yet more at this greatest festival that the world has ever known4 ,the ,tower of ,jewels ,architect - ,thomas ,hastings of ,new ,york4 ,architecture - ,italian ,renaissance with ,byzantine features4 ,this great ,tower of ,jewels symbolizes the ,panama ,canal1 the jewel today that is most resplendent4 ,it is #dcc feet high4 ,in cold weather1 owing to the contraction of the steel1 it is said to be four inches shorter than in warm weather4 ,the arch is #aaj feet high and #fj feet broad4 ,the tower is in seven lifts1 surmounted by the earth with its shimmering jewels4 ,you are reminded that the whole earth is affected by this stupendous piece of engineering 7the ,panama ,canal74 ,the figures on the pedestals of the arch are by ,john ,flanagan of ,new ,york1 and they represent3 #a4 ,the ,adventurer1 the type of man of the #afth century who pushed out into the wilderness of the southwest4 #b4 ,the ,priest1 the type of man who came to convert the country in the #afth century4 #c4 ,the ,philosopher1 who by his fine knowledge of the ,greek and ,latin manuscripts was able to disseminate knowledge in the #afth century thruout the new regions4 #d4 ,the ,warrior1 the type of #afth century soldier who came to conquer the country4 ,on the first tier you meet the ,armoured ,horseman by ,tonetti1 the type of colonizer of the #afth century4 ,now look at the equestrian statues that stand on either side of the ,tower4 ,that on the right is ,cortez 7by ,chas4 ,niehaus71 the conqueror of ,mexico - the man who wrested ,mexico from ,montezuma for the kingdom of ,spain4 ,on the left ,pizarro 7by ,chas4 ,rumsey71 the conqueror of ,peru1 who gained for ,spain the land of the ,incas4 ,the country north of the ,panama region was conquered by the ,spanish4 ,that on the south of ,panama was also the ,spanish land4 ,it is time now to read the inscriptions on the south side of the tower3 #aeja ,rodrigo de ,bastides1 pursuing his course beyond the ,west ,indies1 discovers ,panama4 #aeac ,vasco ,nuez de ,balboa1 crossing the ,isthmus of ,panama1 discovers the ,pacific ,ocean4 #aijd ,the ,united ,states1 succeeding ,france1 begins operations on the ,panama ,canal4 #aiae ,the ,panama ,canal is opened to the commerce of the world4 - ,the ,united ,states has put thru the canal1 so the ,american eagle with outstretched wings is seen as a decorative motive on either side of the ,tower - with telling suggestions4 ,the hand of the law is governing the commerce of the ,panama ,canal1 hence you receive that gentle reminder in the ,roman insignia1 the fasces4 ,in the old ,roman days of the kingdom1 as well as in the days of the ,roman republic1 the lictor marched in front of the head of the ,state carrying the fasces1 those twelve birch rods with the ax1 indicating punishment and then death if the laws were not obeyed4 ,the fasces are seen at the extreme ends of the wings of the tower4 ,it is interesting to see this same device used in the ,liberal ,arts ,palace and in the ,educational ,palace - especially in reform exhibits or such exhibitions as the ,new ,york ,educational ,exhibit1 where the hand of state is suggested4 ,the laurel wreath on the tower is another speaking motive4 ,the vessels push out in all directions from the ,panama ,canal4 ,you get that suggestion at the corners of the third lift4 ,don't lose sight of the beautiful turquoise green columns in the temple forms of the ,tower4 ,at night the aquamarines follow out the same beautiful color4 ,watch1 when the ,tower is first illuminated with the blood glow1 and you will see that it almost pulsates with life4 ,it should1 for is it not the vital part of this great ,exposition8 - ,jewels on the ,tower ,there are some ten tons of jewels used at the ,exposition4 ,fifty thousand jewels are used on the ,tower alone1 accenting in the main its architectural feature4 ,these jewels are of live colors - mostly canary and white glass1 ruby1 emerald1 aquamarine4 ,mathematical calculations have been made by expert physicists to show at just what angle the jewel must be cut4 ,these jewels were made in ,austria4 ,nearly every village in ,austria has its glass workers - the finest workers in their line in the world4 ,sand of a peculiar quality is most carefully prepared1 mixed with other ingredients1 the whole being brought to a molten state4 ,this glass is then poured into molds4 ,it is taken out of the molds1 the casts being carefully trimmed by hand4 ,the principal tool used is a rotating sanded wheel4 ,the prism is polished by hand with tin1 so as to make the facets perfectly smooth4 ,this glass must be very hard in order to reflect sufficiently well4 ,the glass is called ,sumatra ,stone4 ,it is tinted to counterfeit jewels4 ,these jewels are held in place by metallic bands from which extend small arms at the back of each jewel to hold tiny mirrors which assist in the reflection4 ,each jewel is suspended from a hook so that it is in constant vibration1 in order to catch the rays of light most advantageously4 - ,as you have now rehearsed your history and have in mind what has been done by the ,united ,states in regard to the ,panama ,canal 7the ,tower of ,jewels71 walk thru the ,court of the ,universe to the ,esplanade where stands the ,column of ,progress4 ,the ,column of ,progress ,the prototype of this column is seen in ,trajan's ,column in the ,forum of ,trajan or in the ,column of ,marcus ,aurelius1 in ,rome4 ,architect - ,symmes ,richardson1 one of the junior partners of the firm of ,mc,kim1 ,meade and ,white of ,new ,york4 ,the bas-reliefs at the base are by ,isadore ,konti of ,new ,york4 ,the sum of all human effort is represented4 ,man's spiritual progress is seen on the four sides of the base4 ,atlas rolling the heavens suggests the passage of time4 ,men with their different ideals in the long procession of progress are seen4 ,some go manfully on1 some fearfully1 some feel the need of the sword to win their way1 others find companions necessary1 but all of these men and women must have faith 7represented by the two meaningful women at the door71 the hope of the palm of victory1 and hear the bugle call as they go on their upward climb4 ,they pass before us1 these men and women of different aspirations1 and disappear from view4 ,up1 up they climb4 ,at the top of the column is ,hermon ,a4 ,mc,neil's ,burden ,bearers1 supporting his ,adventurous ,bowman4 ,all must toil to win and some must bend their backs that others may rise4 ,has it not been so at the ,panama ,canal8 ,have not many done the labor that the ,united ,states1 the ,adventurous ,bowman1 may win8 ,this purposeful type of manhood1 with magnificent decision1 has just drawn the bow1 and on has sped the arrow of success4 ,the bowman looks to see it hit the mark4 ,the man on the right possibly is one of his aids4 ,the little woman at his side will know by his eyes if the arrow has gone home1 and she will then bestow upon him the laurel wreath and the palm of victory which she holds in her hand4 ,she stands ready to help him4 - ,see the group from the sea-wall directly in front of the ,column of ,progress for the splendid purpose expressed in the figure and on the face of the ,adventurous ,bowman4 ,many ,san ,franciscans would like to have this wonderful group duplicated in bronze to remain permanently with the city of the ,exposition of #aiae4 ,the ,court of the ,ages and not ,the ,court of ,abundance ,architect - ,louis ,christian ,mullgardt of ,san ,francisco4 ,architecture - ,if one could call this beautiful architecture by name one might say ,spanish ,gothic1 on account of the round-arched ,gothic and also the ,spanish finials used1 but it is so thoroughly original that this is hardly the term to use4 ,it is ,romanesque in its vaulting of the corridor1 and at first glance in its great square tower1 and arches1 and yet not ,romanesque architecture4 ,it is suggestive of the last period of ,english ,gothic in its rich parallelism of vertical line - and yet is not that4 ,it is suggestive of the flamboyant decoration of the ,french architecture such as one sees and feels at ,rouen ,cathedral - and yet1 not that1 for on looking closer one sees not wavy line suggesting flame1 but the wave of the kelp of the sea - and then one realizes that the vertical lines represent falling water4 ,the kelp is turned1 looped and suspended with all sorts of lobsters1 crabs1 sea-turtles1 octopi1 flounders1 etc41 wriggling thru it1 not seen at first1 then in strong evidence1 making you wonder why you had not seen them before4 ,the whole cloister represents the magical power of water and fire worked out in travertine1 fountains and illuminations4 ,this court certainly shows the most marked originality in the architectural line at the ,exposition4 ,it is the conception of a man of rare invention1 imagination1 and marked poetic feeling4 ,it is surely the last word in stucco4 ,everybody loves this ,court of the ,ages1 and everybody wishes that we could have something permanent like it somewhere - perhaps in ,san ,francisco4 ,we shall all be loath to part with in when the two hundred and eighty-eight days are gone4 ,the arches of perfect proportions are allowed two swinging fairy lanterns apiece - a soft glow coming from them4 ,in the corridors are globes which at night look like lambent moonstones1 casting soft light4 ,walk down the corridors 7not noticing the glorious murals at the ends7 to observe the fine manipulation of color4 ,notice that the usual pink of the walls has here a deeper tone - a terra-cotta warmth added1 making a most wonderful combination with the blue vault above4 ,the arches are of smoked ivory4 ,your eye catches a line of cerulean blue at your side1 and up you follow the blue1 until it gains its fullest expression in the square area of the groined vaulting4 ,notice how bands of smoked ivory play the part of transverse arches4 ,it is so very beautiful here4 ,the murals in this corridor are more wonderful than words can tell4 ,they are by ,frank ,brangwyn of ,london1 and represent ,earth1 ,air1 ,water1 ,fire4 ,earth - ,two canvases represent the ,earth1 the teeming1 opulent earth giving of its fullness4 ,men with great baskets gather the harvests of vegetables and fruits 7especially the luscious grapes in the second canvas74 ,fire - ,one canvas shows ,primitive ,fire1 where by means of leaves and twigs the narrow curl of smoke ascends between the trees4 ,men on bended knees blow the slowly burning leaves and fan the flame4 ,the aged draw near to feel the warmth2 nearer comes the man with the little child in his arms - and1 as a result1 we have a homely woodland scene of primitive times4 ,the second representation of the same subject glows on the next canvas4 ,the subject is ,industrial ,fire4 ,men have made a rude furnace in which the pots are being baked4 ,pots of all sizes and shapes are being brought by the men and women of the neighboring region4 ,the great cloud of blue smoke rises in increasing breadth and height thru the trees4 ,don't fail to notice the wonderful skies in these two canvases4 ,water - ,on a portion of land between two waters men and women have sauntered down to the water's edge to fill their jars4 ,the flamingoes1 birds of the water1 stand in the foreground telling you that water is near4 ,plants grow luxuriantly on the banks4 ,pregnant clouds are blown nearer and nearer4 ,the canvas is fairly moist with watery suggestions4 ,it would not be hard to realize when you look at this canvas that it was done by a man who understands the art of making stained-glass windows4 ,he cannot keep his secret from you4 ,the second treatment of ,water - ,great brawny-armed fishermen are pulling in their heavy net4 ,in the distance come men with baskets on their heads to carry away the wriggling fish4 ,beyond the trees the heavy moisture-laden clouds come nearer and nearer4 ,air - ,a great windmill such as one sees in ,frank ,brangwyn's etchings 7for he lived during his youth in the windmill country1 making what he saw around him his own74 ,the wind has brought the storm-laden clouds and the rain is descending4 ,the currents of moisture-laden air are reflecting the rainbow4 ,the wheat of the field bends far forward as the wind blows over it4 ,the belated harvesters 7the foremost with his winnowing sieves7 are blown forcibly along their path4 ,the many flowers bend their heads under the forward movement of the breeze4 ,it is most interesting to notice how many devices have been used in order to make the work as suggestive as possible4 ,the second treatment of ,air4 ,the great trees are most noble in their strength4 ,men1 strong like the trees1 are shooting thru the air their arrows4 ,a flock of frightened white birds are cutting the air1 showing you why the men are there4 ,this is a simple but clever treatment of the subject4 - ,if you would know why you feel that there is something ancestral in these glorious compositions1 why the strong colors are so well combined1 why the canvases breathe freedom of thought and action1 why the distances are so marvelously expressed1 why the sky and water are just that deep wonderful blue1 read ,sparrow's ,frank ,brangwyn and you will soon discover1 and the appreciation for the pictures will be increased tenfold4 - ,now step down into the ,cloister1 so that you can see well ,helios1 the setting sun4 ,this was the primitive man's idea of the setting sun4 ,he saw the sun as a man holding a huge golden ball1 splashing down into the waters of the west4 ,the serpent represents the burning sting of the sun4 ,you are bound to reflect here that the sun has thrown off great nebulous masses and that one of those masses has cooled and that we now call it the ,earth4 ,yonder it is1 seen at the end of the fountain1 with four streams of water1 from prehistoric sea life1 playing over it4 ,pass along to the first group beyond ,helios1 realizing that ,robt4 ,aitken1 the sculptor1 calls this ,the ,dawn of ,life4 ,from right to left are these figures3 #a4 ,the ,hand of ,destiny ,giving ,life4 #b4 ,the ,prenatal ,sleep of ,woman4 #c4 ,the ,awakening4 #d4 ,the ,joy of ,living4 #e4 ,the ,kiss of ,life4 #f4 ,the ,bringing ,forth of ,life4 ,the elemental feelings are here suggested4 ,you will then notice a gap which stands for the unknown period of history after the first ,dawn of ,life4 - ,now pass to ,panel #a 7facing ,helios74 ,the central figure is ,vanity1 one of the compelling motives of that early life4 ,following are two fine figures carrying their children1 expressing the idea of the fecundity of the early races4 - ,a hermes divides this panel from the next4 ,since in classic times a herm1 or hermes1 was used to mark distances on the roads1 so here the hermes is used to mark distances1 or periods in time4 - ,panel #b - ,we now see the successors of the children of the previous panel grown to manhood4 ,the fact of ,natural ,selection inflicts itself upon man4 ,two women are attracted to the same male1 a fine intellectual and physical type4 ,the rejected suitors are seen at the end of the panel1 one in anger1 the other in despair4 - ,panel #c is called ,the ,survival of the ,fittest4 ,this is the suggestion that physical strength decides who shall survive4 ,we notice that chieftains struggle to possess the same woman1 a woman on the right endeavoring to separate them4 - ,panel #d is called ,the ,lesson of ,life4 ,elders of experience attempt to give counsel to the love-lorn and impetuous1 knowing that impulse may sometimes be a poignant foe4 ,returning to ,panel #a1 the two figures at the right represent ,lust1 another of the strong forces of the early peoples4 ,you have now reached your first group beyond the gap4 ,the first figure is ,greed1 the third motive in this history of life4 ,he has been holding onto the material things of life - there they are1 rolled into a great ball4 ,he realizes how futile his life has been and looks back upon the past1 longing to retrace his steps and live to nobler purpose4 ,then comes the old man who has the spiritual understanding1 and he knows that the only hope for his companion is the realization of the spiritual1 the consciousness of immortality1 and so he gives to her the winged beetle1 the symbol of renewed life4 ,the time has now arrived for her to leave her mortal life1 and she passes into that sleep by which her material body is cast aside4 ,thereby the man has his first sorrow4 ,she whom he loved is gone1 and he is cast down in despair - because his outlook is not a spiritual one4 ,the hand of ,destiny has drawn these lives unto itself4 ,the law has been fulfilled4 ,i have taken the liberty of culling the chief ideas from the article on the subject1 written for the ,november ,international ,studio1 adding a few ideas which seem consistent with the work before us4 - ,this fountain1 done in pierced relief1 is most decorative in the ,court of the ,ages4 ,it is1 from a technical standpoint1 a most remarkable composition4 - ,the next subject for study is ,the ,tower4 ,notice the small spire atop4 ,it is like a flche on a ,french cathedral and helps in the ,french feeling which you had when you thought that you had discovered the flamboyant style1 and yet1 on the whole1 it is more the style of ,spanish towers than of the ,french4 ,most of the figure work on the tower is by ,chester ,beach1 formerly of ,san ,francisco4 ,the groups on the tower are now to be considered4 ,the combined work is called ,the ,rise of ,civilization4 ,the lowest group is ,primitive ,man during that period when great reptiles1 like the saurian in the foreground1 crept over the earth2 when man fought with huge serpents and gigantic lions4 ,the rude man in the center has his child on one arm1 the other arm protecting his mate 7not an ordinary position for the arm of primitive man74 ,you easily surmise that trouble is near4 ,his look of dogged defiance tells you that he is marching forth to meet some enemy1 man or beast4 ,this is the first march of civilization - one in which brute strength plays the principal part4 - ,just above1 you notice that civilization has now reached the mediaeval stage and you see the ,crusader with cross on breast and sword in hand4 ,he has reached this lofty position thru faith 7represented by the priest7 and war 7suggested by the rude warrior74 ,the spiritual has now been added to the physical4 ,at the side of the tower1 holding the same position on the tower as does the ,crusader1 are suggestions of the crusader's tomb such as one sees in many of the ,english churches4 ,the ,crusader passes on and his place is taken by more advanced types4 - ,on either side of the ,crusader appears the paschal candlestick 7which at night is illuminated74 ,you are approaching the altar4 ,above is the ,priestess of ,religion1 with the nimbus surrounding her head4 ,at her feet are children holding1 one a book1 indicating faith1 and the other the wheel1 meaning progress4 - ,around the court1 on the highest pinnacles1 are cocks1 signifying the dawn of ,christianity 7in reference to ,peter's denying ,christ74 - ,come back to the tower and you will notice a man and a woman on either side of the altar4 ,they are rising from the primitive man and the primitive woman at their feet4 ,they represent the man and the woman of today4 ,in the case of the man1 you will notice how primitive man holds on to him and how the man of today endeavors to shake him off4 7,the man of today1 by the power of thought1 is trying to shake the rude brutish nature off47 7,these figures are by ,albert ,weinert47 - ,primitive ,man and ,primitive ,woman1 by ,albert ,weinert1 are seen as finials around the court4 ,he is a simple hunter1 or a man whose pastime consists in such amusement as feeding fish to the pelican4 ,she is a woman whose chief work is to rear children4 ,leo ,lentelli's ,aquatic ,maids are grouped at the bases of the columns in front of the tower4 ,it was at first planned to have the fountains play to the tops of the columns on which sit the aquatic maids shooting their arrows into the waters1 but a change in the plans left the aquatic maids high and dry1 hence your wonderment at why they sit aloft4 7,leo ,lentelli was born in ,bologna1 ,italy1 but now lives in ,new ,york74 ,the ,italian cypresses1 tall and slender1 stand like sentinels in front of the arches4 ,orange trees1 ten feet in height1 heavy with fruit1 stand in opulence before the cypresses4 ,balled acacias1 with repeated regularity of shape1 produce in this charming cloister a delightful formalism4 ,solid beds of pink hyacinths add a glowing touch of color in this beauteous garden4 ,the creeping juniper is the border used4 ,the cistus is the border used around the other beds4 ,under the trees are planted calceolarias1 gebara1 ,shasta daisies1 potentilla1 columbine1 and many other showy flowers4 ,the conventional standards at the south end of the cloister are aids in the illumination4 ,this court is most beautiful at night4 ,the tower1 in white light1 has the glowing candlesticks in striking evidence4 ,great clouds of seeming incense rise constantly from the altars ranged around the court4 ,fiery serpents belch fire into the basins below4 ,beneath the world and around it rises the steam1 which is marvelously illuminated4 - ,the ,north ,court of the ,ages ,eucalypti1 acacias1 ,english laurel and veronicas are banked close together in this court4 ,great beds of orange eschscholtzia1 the ,california poppy1 make this court a veritable ,field of the ,cloth of ,gold4 ,the creeping juniper is the border used4 ,sherry ,fry's ,listening to the ,sound of the ,ages stands in this court with her shell to her ear4 ,she listens to the stories that the sea has told the shell1 and wonderful1 very wonderful1 is what she hears4 - ,since the first issue of this book ,i have received in written form ,mr4 ,mullgardt's own wonderful interpretation1 which ,i hereby append with his kind permission4 ,i shall not correct my work1 for it will be interesting to compare the work of a layman with that of the initiated3 ,san ,francisco1 ,april #ai1 #aiae4 ,the ,court of the ,ages ,a ,sermon in ,stone ,the ,court of the ,ages is #cdj feet square4 ,the surrounding walls are #ge feet high4 ,the ,tower is #bjj feet high4 ,the floor of the ,court declines to the central ,basin1 affording the observer a full view of the surroundings4 ,the arcaded and vaulted ,ambulatory extends continuously around the four sides4 ,the floor of this ,ambulatory is elevated above the upper floor level of the ,court for the convenience of observers4 ,its architecture has not been accredited to any established style4 ,the ,court is an historical expression of the successive ,ages of the ,world's growth4 ,the ,central ,fountain symbolizes the nebulous world with its innate human passions4 ,out of a chaotic condition came ,water 7the ,basin7 and ,land 7the ,fountain7 and ,light 7the ,sun supported by ,helios1 and the ,electroliers74 ,the ,braziers and ,cauldrons symbolize ,fire4 ,the floor of the ,court is covered with verdure1 trees1 flowers and fruits4 ,the two ,sentinel ,columns to the right and left of the ,tower symbolize ,earth and ,air4 ,the eight paintings in the four corners of the ,ambulatory symbolize the elements of ,earth1 ,air1 ,fire and ,water4 ,the ,central ,figure in the ,north ,avenue symbolizes ,modern ,time ,listening to the ,story of the ,ages4 ,the decorative motifs employed on the surrounding ,arcade are sea plant life and its animal evolution4 ,the conventionalized backbone1 the symbol for the vertebrates1 is seen between the arches4 ,the piers1 arches1 reeds and columns bear legendary decorative motifs of the transitional plant to animal life in the forms of tortoise and other shell motifs - kelp and its analogy to prehistoric lobster1 skate1 crab and sea urchin4 ,the water-bubble motif is carried through all vertical members which symbolize the ,crustacean ,period1 which is the second stratum of the ,court4 ,the third stratum1 the ,prehistoric ,figures1 surmounting the piers of the ,arcade1 also the first group over the ,tower ,entrance1 show earliest forms of human1 animal1 reptile and bird life1 symbolizing the ,stone ,age4 ,the fourth stratum1 the second group in the ,altar ,tower1 symbolizes human struggle for emancipation from ignorance and superstition in which ,religion and ,war are dominating factors4 ,the kneeling figures on the side ,altar are similarly expressive4 ,the torches above these ,mediaeval ,groups symbolize the ,dawn of ,understanding4 ,the ,chanticleers on the finials surrounding the ,court symbolize the ,christian ,era4 ,the topmost figure of the ,altar symbolizes ,intelligence1 ,peace on ,earth1 ,good ,will ,towards ,all - the symbols of ,learning and ,industry at her feet4 ,the topmost figure surmounting the side ,altar symbolizes ,thought4 ,the ,arched ,opening forming the inclosure of the ,altar contains alternating ,masks expressing ,intelligence and ,ignorance in equal measure1 symbolizing the ,peoples of the ,world4 ,a gradual development to the higher forms of ,plant ,life is expressed upward in the ,altar ,tower1 the conventionalized ,lily ,petal being the highest form4 ,l4 ,c4 ,mullgardt4 ,court of the ,four ,seasons ,it will be noticed that this court is planted mainly with grey-green foliage1 the banner poles being of the same color4 ,flora ,olive trees4 ,choisya ternata4 ,high-grade acacias4 ,coprosma 7from ,chili - a shiny-leafed shrub on north front74 ,eucalypti4 ,cotoneaster bufolia 7border74 ,english yews in couples of three groups4 ,cypresses4 ,english laurel4 - ,architect - ,henry ,bacon of ,new ,york4 ,architecture - ,italian ,renaissance4 ,there is a strong feeling of the architectural influence of ,hadrian's ,villa1 near ,rome1 when the eye rests on the half dome and also on the treatment of the columns in front of the fountains of the seasons4 ,this is one of the chief beauty spots of the ,exposition4 ,a quiet1 reposeful1 happy place where birds have built their nests and where they sing their carols of spring4 ,as you pass into this court from the bay1 or north side1 your attention is drawn almost immediately to the bucrania1 or bulls' heads1 between festoons of flowers4 ,this is only a ,renaissance motive1 but the mind wanders back to the harvest festivals of olden days1 when1 after the great harvest procession was over1 the bulls were sacrificed to the gods as a reward for the abundant harvest4 ,the same idea is worked out in ,the ,feast of the ,sacrifice1 the magnificent bull groups atop the pylons 7by ,albert ,jaegers71 where youths and maidens lead the bulls in the harvest procession4 ,great garlands suggest the festivity4 ,the whole court is an expression of the abundance of the harvests - especially those of ,california4 - ,ceres1 the goddess of agriculture1 with her wreath of cereals and her corn sceptre1 has just poised on the top of the lovely fountain 7by ,mrs4 ,evelyn ,longman71 the die of which tells you by its cameo figures that this is the fountain of young1 fresh1 joyous nature4 ,the graceful1 happy creatures with garlands and fruits glide past you in song1 shaking the tambourine or softly piping their roundelays4 ,jolly satyrs1 the happy creatures of the woodland1 spout water into the basin below4 - ,the ,food ,products ,palace is on one side1 the ,agricultural ,palace on the other1 and the suggestions worked out in the corn of the ,ionic capital1 the cereal wreaths on the frieze1 the sheaves of wheat1 are most happy decorations for just this court4 - ,pass to the ,pool beyond and stop to read the quotation4 7from ,spenser's ,faerie ,queene7 on the western gateway4 ,so forth issew'd the seasons of the yeare ,first lusty spring all dight in leaves and flowres ,then came the jolly sommer being dight in a thin silken cassock coloured greene ,then came the autumne all in yellow clad ,lastly came winter1 clothed all in frize ,chattering his teeth1 for cold that did him chill4 - ,facing the half dome1 walk first to the second niche to the right of the colonnade to examine ,furio ,piccirilli's ,seasons4 ,spring - ,a pyramidal group with ,spring with her flowers in the center of the group4 ,to the right is modest1 timid1 fresh young ,flora1 bringing her wealth of flowers4 ,to the left1 one sees man adoring1 bringing to mind ,tennyson's lines from ,locksley ,hall4 ,in the spring a young man's fancies ,lightly turn to thoughts of love4 ,here is that fine feeling that one has in beautiful springtime - the adoration for all fresh young life4 ,look above now at ,milton ,bancroft's murals to left and right4 ,he has painted all of the murals in this court4 ,spring is here in floral dress and the shepherd pipes sweet notes4 ,seed-time - ,this is the time when the seed bag stands open so that the crops for the coming year may be sown4 - ,marble group of ,summer - ,go to the left1 along the corridor beyond the gateway1 to the second niche - this group expresses fruition4 ,the mother brings to her husband the babe1 the fruit of their love4 ,the laborer at the right brings in the first harvest4 - ,murals ,summer - ,this is the period of the year when man amuses himself1 when the games are in progress4 ,one sees the disc thrower at the left resting after the game4 ,summer is crowning the victor of the canoe race4 ,fruition - ,fruits1 vegetables1 flowers fulfill the meaning of the subject4 - ,now pass out into the open to the niche at the left of the gateway of the east4 ,in the niche is ,autumn1 a mature figure indicative of the maturity of the year4 7,mr4 ,piccirilli calls her ,providence47 ,it is the time of the harvests4 ,the apples1 the grapes1 and even the human family are being harvested4 ,the wine is being made and the great vine-decked jars are filled with the ruby fluid4 - ,murals ,autumn - ,the colors speak of autumn4 ,here is seen the amphora of wine1 the tambourine1 the rhyton1 the ,greek drinking horn1 and the raised ,greek cup - all suggesting the time of festivity after the harvests4 ,harvest1 and one sees the garnered wheat and vegetables4 - ,standing between the two central columns and looking toward the half dome1 the eye wanders to the summit1 and there1 seated on her great cornucopia1 the symbol of abundance1 is ,harvest with her plenteous supply of luscious fruits4 ,the dates from the south are being borne in on one side1 while the great sheaves of wheat are seen on the left4 - ,standing on the pedestal at the right of the half dome is ,rain 7by ,albert ,jaegers7 catching the drops in her shell4 ,sunshine 7by ,albert ,jaegers7 shielding her eyes with the long palm branch - the rain and the sunshine so necessary for the harvests4 ,walk over to see the detail of the capitals and bases of the columns4 ,on the capitals of these pedestals1 on which ,rain and ,sunshine stand1 are the small figures of harvesters - a most charming1 original treatment4 ,at the bases one sees harvest scenes4 ,the agriculturists pass along to their labors4 ,the women and children accompany the laborers1 expecting to help in the many duties of the harvest field4 ,the dog1 wagging his tail1 follows after the children1 and all is activity4 - ,you will now find it convenient to examine the murals on either side the great half dome4 ,facing the ,dome4 ,on the right is ,man ,receiving ,instruction in ,nature's ,laws4 ,the work is perfectly plain4 ,you could not go astray if you simply read the inscriptions4 ,an interesting thing to notice is that ,mother ,earth is a man bearing fruits and that ,father ,neptune is a woman with a trident4 ,nature's laws are applied to3 ,earth1 ,water1 ,fire4 ,love1 ,life 7protecting the flame of life7 and ,death4 ,on the left is3 ,art ,crowned by ,time4 ,the queen of art with her sceptre and palette 7with the suggestion of architecture in the temple in the background7 is crowned by ,father ,time1 holding his hour-glass4 ,his scythe is seen in the background4 ,time is bestowing the laurel wreath4 ,at the sides stand the arts of - ,jewelry making1 ,weaving1 ,glass making1 ,painting1 ,smithery1 ,pottery4 ,the emerald pool is before you wreathed with the cotoneaster bufolia with its wealth of red berries4 - ,pass now to the last season of the year in the niche to the left of the half dome1 ,winter4 - ,before you is naked winter4 ,back of her is the leafless tree1 with splitting bark4 ,at the left one feels that man rests after the activities of the harvest season1 but there is an added idea in ,mr4 ,piccirilli's words1 ,in winter1 the central figure is ,nature resting1 or rather in a state of conception4 ,to the right an old man is resting after having prepared the soil for the seed2 at the right a strong man is sowing4 ,murals ,winter with the snow on the ground4 ,the fire is necessary2 faggots have been gathered2 the animals are brought in for the winter food4 ,the time for spinning has arrived during the long winter evenings 7considering the life of today this idea is almost obsolete74 ,festivity - ,winter strikes the strings of the harp and gaiety is about to glide forth4 - ,the seasons are again suggested by names of the signs of the zodiac on the gateways1 ,aries1 ,taurus1 ,gemini1 ,cancer1 ,leo1 ,virgo1 ,libra1 ,scorpio1 ,sagittarius1 ,capricornus1 ,aquarius1 ,pisces4 - ,look thru the entrance into the ,court of ,palms at the ,horticultural ,palace across the way - a fine green and white picture4 ,turn back into the ,court of the ,four ,seasons and below the half dome will be seen ,albert ,jaeger's ,nature 7there is a great probability that this will not be placed74 ,mother ,earth1 the great mother1 sits in the center4 ,on the left1 carrying the shell1 is the ,sea4 ,on the right1 upholding the globe1 is the ,heavens4 - ,read the quotation from ,george ,sterling's ,the ,triumph of ,bohemia to make the connection with your ,nature group3 ,for lasting happiness we turn our eyes to one alone ,and she surrounds you now ,great ,nature1 refuge of the weary heart1 and only balm to breasts that have been bruised ,she hath cool hands for every fevered brow ,and gentlest silence for the troubled soul4 ,near by are ,august ,jaeger's figures of ,abundance1 four times repeated on each gateway2 also his spandrel figures1 still adding harvest thoughts4 ,walk along the colonnade to the right - ,as you pass the fountains1 you will notice how the water slips its silvery pink reflection from the wall down the terraces into the pool below1 producing almost a sunrise or a sunset effect4 ,the long hanging vine on the wall above is muhlenbeckia1 the so-called maidenhair vine4 ,the shorter vine is lotus bertolletti1 showing later its red claw-like flowers4 ,court of ,palms ,as a balance to the ,court of ,flowers at the east end of the block of palaces is the ,court of ,palms at the west end4 ,the general effect in color of decoration is pink and blue4 ,the columns are coupled ,ionic of smoked ivory1 producing a most lovely effect against the pastel pink walls back of them4 ,the caryatids lining off the pink and blue marble panels show a soft flush of pink4 7,these are by ,a4 ,stirling ,calder and ,john ,bateman47 ,the festoons of fruits at the side of the panels are accented in deeper blues and soft reds4 ,notice the delicate figures on either side the cartouche over the portals4 ,the pinks and blues are so delightfully combined4 ,between the columns1 against the wall1 are balled acacias4 ,the ,pool in the center of the ,court might be called ,the ,pool of ,reflections4 ,in front of this ,court is ,the ,end of the ,trail1 by ,james ,earle ,fraser4 ,before you is the end of the ,indian race4 ,the poor ,indian1 following his long trail1 has at last come to the end4 ,the worn horse and its rider tell a long1 pathetic story4 ,by the entrances are great vases on which in low relief are ,bacchanalian scenes4 ,satyrs form part of the handles4 - ,over the doorways are beautifully colored murals4 ,on the west - ,fruits and ,flowers1 by ,childe ,hassam1 a fine area of superb color4 ,on the east - ,the ,pursuit of ,pleasure1 by ,chas4 ,holloway1 gracefully carrying out the idea of this court4 ,on the north - ,victorious ,spirit1 by ,arthur ,f4 ,matthews4 ,this wonderful golden note represents the ,victorious ,spirit1 the ,angel of ,light1 with widespread wings of protection4 ,she is the means by her gentle influence of keeping materialism 7represented by the horse driven by brute force7 from riding over the higher expressions of life4 ,muhlenbeckia borders the pool1 producing a most fernlike effect4 ,at the side1 in front of the flanking ,italian ,towers1 are erica and epacris1 in lavenders and pinks1 accented by deep lavender pansies4 ,the tiny border to the beds is myrtus ugni4 ,the wallflowers1 interspersed with ,spanish and ,english iris1 are massed thruout this court1 with rhododendrons in the corners4 ,against the foundations is pink-and-cream lantana4 ,the ,palm is the strong feature of the court4 ,on either side the portal ,italian cypresses have been used4 ,the lanterns in the corridors have been modeled from ,roman lamps1 and are particularly beautiful in perspective4 ,the ,court of ,flowers ,dedicated to the ,oriental ,fairy ,tales4 ,this exquisite court is by ,geo4 ,kelham of ,san ,francisco1 who came from ,new ,york just after the ,san ,francisco fire to help in the reconstruction of the city4 ,he is a man of pronounced ability and has just won in the competition for plans for the new ,san ,francisco ,public ,library4 ,the court is made one of great beauty by the collaborated work of ,mr4 ,geo4 ,kelham1 the architect2 ,mr4 ,jules ,guerin1 the colorist1 and ,mr4 ,john ,mc,laren of ,san ,francisco1 the chief of landscape gardening4 ,a loggia runs around the second story of the court1 interrupted along the face by niches which hold ,the ,oriental ,flower ,girl1 designed by ,mr4 ,a4 ,stirling ,calder of ,new ,york1 but worked out in the studio of the ,exposition4 ,coupled columns1 suggesting glacial ice1 form a colonnade around three sides of the court1 the fourth side opening into the ,avenue of ,palms4 ,as you walk down the main path of this court you are held spell-bound by the fairy-like appearance of the albizzia lophantha1 trimmed four feet in height1 the top of which branches out into a head five feet across4 ,one has the feeling of meeting fairies with their skirts out ready for the dance - a veritable fairy ballet4 ,nothing could be more lovely than this remarkably treated tree4 ,the rich yellow fluff that will soon appear1 lasting for some four to six weeks1 will be one note of the yellow chord to be struck in this court-pansy1 daffodil1 albizzia1 the orange and the yellow background of niches4 7,this floral music for ,march and ,april47 ,a symphony in yellows4 ,the groups of trees at the north are the eugenia myrtifolia4 ,every one appreciates the blessing of the trees and flowers1 without which the ,exposition would have lost much of its beauty4 ,the flowers used at the opening of the ,exposition can alone be given1 but these will serve to show the plan of arrangement4 ,the six lions are by ,albert ,laessle1 who has many fine examples of his animal life in the ,fine ,arts ,palace4 ,the fountain of ,beauty and the ,beast1 which should have been placed in the ,court of ,palms1 the ,court of ,occidental ,fairy ,tales1 is by a young ,san ,franciscan1 ,edgar ,walters1 whose fine bears can be seen in the ,fine ,arts ,palace4 ,the base of the fountain shows a procession of beasts - the bear1 the cynocephalus ape1 the lion4 ,upholding ,beauty and the ,beast are fauns and satyrs1 playing on their pipes4 - ,walk down the colonnades and take note of the coupled smoked ivory pilasters on the pink ground4 ,a fawn-colored ceiling has suspended from it ,italian bronze lanterns - the bronze suggestive of the color of the blue eucalyptus4 ,at night these lanterns glow with color4 ,in front of the ,court of ,flowers is ,the ,american ,pioneer1 a fine meaningful equestrian figure1 by ,solon ,borglum of ,ogden1 ,utah4 ,i am taking the liberty of quoting ,secretary ,lane's inspiring words given at the opening of the ,exposition - a fine retrospect that we must not lose sight of when we look upon the determined woodsman of the early ,american life3 ,as ,i went through these grounds yesterday1 ,i looked for some symbol that would tell me the true significance of this moment1 ,i saw that the sculptor had carved prophets1 priests and kings2 he had carved the conquerors of the earth1 the birds in the air and the fish in the sea4 ,he had gone into legend and history for his symbols1 but in none of these did ,i find the suggestion that ,i sought4 ,i found1 however1 in the court that lies before us1 the simple1 modest figure hidden behind some soldiers - a gaunt1 slim1 plodding figure1 and ,i said to myself1 there is the figure that represents this day1 for without the ,american pioneer we would not be here this day1 no banners would be flying1 no bands playing4 ,he has-lived for centuries and centuries4 ,he took sail with ,ulysses and he was turned back4 ,he took sail with ,columbus1 and when he heard that sailor shout1 ,sail on and on1 his heart was glad2 but ,columbus found his way barred1 and then this pioneer landed at ,plymouth ,rock1 and with that band of oxen he has trudged his way across the continent1 he has gone through the sodden forests1 where ,nature for a thousand years has conspired to make his pathway impossible4 ,he has gone through the icy streams1 climbed the mountains1 tracked his way over the plains1 over the land where there is no horizon1 gone through the gorges where the ,titans have been1 and at last he has got it1 beside the ,golden ,gate1 beside the sunset sea1 and founded himself this city1 this beautiful city of dreams that have come true4 ,and he has done more than that1 he has gathered around himself his sons1 and now they set themselves down here to tell each other tales of their progress through the centuries4 ,the sons of the pioneers - theirs be the glory today1 for they have slashed the continent in two1 they have cut the land that ,god made as with a knife1 they have made the seas themselves to lift the ships across the barriers and mountains1 and this accomplishment we celebrate4 ,they have brought the waters of the far ,sierras and turned these waters into living light that put new stars in the heavens at night4 ,they have hung their sky-line with a garden of flowers2 they have worked a magic4 ,they have gathered here in all these temples to tell their victory - the pioneers - what they have done and in what manner4 ,this city has been finished in blue and gold1 in scarlet and purples and the greens of the sea1 and burnt brown1 and the scene shown the pioneer has made the architecture of the centuries to march before their eyes in columns and colonnades4 ,the long journey of this light figure of the pioneer is at an end1 the waste places of the earth have been found and filled1 but adventure is not at an end2 the greatest adventure is before us1 the gigantic adventures of an advancing democracy - strong1 virile and kindly - and in that advance we shall be true to the indestructible spirit of the ,american pioneer4 ,the ,italian ,towers ,architect - ,geo4 ,kelham of ,san ,francisco4 ,architecture - ,italian ,renaissance with ,byzantine touches4 7,see picture facing page #bb47 ,these very beautiful towers are seen in pairs on either side ,the ,court of ,flowers and ,the ,court of ,palms1 and assist in the fine balance preserved thruout the block of palaces4 ,they are not alike1 as you will see when you examine them4 ,the pair flanking ,the ,court of ,flowers is far simpler1 and produces quite a different effect1 when illuminated1 from its sister towers4 ,the vibrant red that seems to give throbbing life to these beautiful towers is one of the chief glories of the night-glow4 ,the entrances at the base of the tower are accented by magnificent ,siena marble columns1 and the coloring from these entrances to the top of the towers is most unique4 ,the long rectangular height is admirably treated with a most original diaper design4 ,jules ,guerin1 the colorist1 has used small areas of color on the towers to play upon the color of the courts below4 ,for instance1 note the pastel-pink walls1 the greatest color area of the courts reflected1 as it were1 upon the largest colored area of the towers2 the travertine of the courts acting as a background for the towers1 the burnt orange capitals shown in the use of the same color on the tower1 the ,indian red appearing through the design as it appears on the capitals4 ,the result is a sort of dissonance that makes the harmony of the courts more charming than ever4 ,the most adroit management of the blue-checkered border is seen4 ,it is the means of drawing your colored diaper work toward that blue background1 the sky1 and is superb in its connecting force4 ,the little towers above1 with the turquoise-blue columns1 show a most daring use of color when you consider the colors below1 but how admirably that turquoise blue works onto the domes and the blue columns of ,the ,tower of ,jewels4 ,the longer you look at the ,italian ,towers the more you come to feel their subtle connection with the beauties around4 ,only a genius could manipulate his colors as ,jules ,guerin has done in this splendid work before you4 ,the repeated cartouche in turquoise blue has a most lovely effect upon the whole4 ,poised on the top of the ,italian ,towers is ,the ,fairy 7by ,carl ,gruppe74 ,she looks afar and sees the vision of this wondrous ,exposition4 ,the ,palace of ,fine ,arts ,architect - ,bernard ,r4 ,maybeck of ,san ,francisco4 ,architecture - ,old ,roman in the main1 with ,italian ,renaissance features4 ,in the background is the fire-proof art gallery of #aac rooms4 ,in front is a pergola1 extending along an arc #aajj feet from end to end4 ,ochre columns are closely grouped with pale green ones4 ,the ,roman ,corinthian capitals are burnt orange with an ,indian-red ground4 ,the columns sweep forward on either side the rotunda1 in the dome of which are ,robt4 ,reid's eight murals4 #ast ,panel - ,birth of ,european ,art4 ,the central point of the picture is the altar on which is seen the sacred fire4 ,the guardian of this altar holds the torch4 ,she has three attendants1 one holding a flask of oil1 one pouring oil upon the altar and ready to apply the torch should the flame grow dim1 a third one carefully watching the flame4 ,an earthly messenger1 holding back his rearing steeds1 leans from his chariot to receive the torch of inspiration4 ,a winged attendant checks for an instant the flight of these steeds4 ,in the left corner a woman holds a crystal ball in which the future of art is revealed4 #bnd ,panel - ,the ,birth of ,oriental ,art4 ,the forces of earth try to wrest inspiration from the powers of the air4 ,this is shown in an ancient ,ming legend4 ,we see a ,chinese warrior1 mounted on a writhing dragon1 combating an eagle4 ,japan is seen under the great umbrella4 ,two more ,oriental figures are seen4 #crd ,panel - ,ideals in ,art4 ,greek ideal in the classic nude is seen4 ,religion - ,madonna and ,child4 ,heroism - ,joan of ,arc4 ,youth and ,material ,beauty - ,young woman on the left4 ,absolute nature without ideal or inspiration - peacock4 ,mystic figure in background holds cruse of oil to pour onto the sacred flame4 ,a winged figure floats above with laurels for the victorious living4 ,a shadowy figure in foreground holds the palm for the dead4 ,panel #d - ,inspiration in ,all ,art - ,music1 ,painting1 ,architecture1 ,poetry1 ,sculpture4 ,the torch that kindles the arts is again seen4 ,the veil of darkness is drawn back1 revealing the arts4 ,there are also four panels showing the four golds of ,california - ,gold1 ,wheat1 ,poppies1 ,oranges4 ,the whole scheme is to show the conception and birth of art1 its translation to earth1 its progress and acceptance by man4 ,below these murals1 on the octagonal drum1 is ,the ,priestess of ,culture1 by ,herbert ,adams1 eight times repeated4 ,this outline has been taken from the official report4 ,the dome of the ,rotunda is burnt orange1 with the guilloche below it worked out in turquoise green4 ,notice the great flower receptacles filled with the reddish cryptomeria of ,japan4 ,in front of the ,rotunda is ,ralph ,stackpole's ,kneeling ,figure4 ,she is a devotee to art1 beauty1 truth1 and kneels at the altar4 ,among the trees along the pergola are many statues in bronze and marble4 ,don't fail to see ,janet ,scudder's bewitching fountain figures as you walk past the ,pergola4 ,at the south1 near the ,pool1 among the trees1 sits ,st4 ,gauden's fine ,lincoln4 ,opposite is ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,ward's statute of ,henry ,ward ,beecher4 ,around the corner1 ,the ,bisons1 by ,proctor4 ,follow along by the ,pool and you meet ,the ,scout1 by ,cyrus ,dallin4 ,no words can describe the great poetic beauty of this ,fine ,arts ,palace4 ,it seems to be the pivotal part of the ,exposition1 the goal of all pilgrimages1 the altar on which you place your ideals4 ,it has so many moods that one must see it in all seasons1 during all times of the day1 and especially under the illuminations4 ,the figure of ,aspiration1 by ,leo ,lentelli1 is suspended - as is all aspiration - over the main entrance of the ,fine ,arts ,palace4 ,walk over to ,administration ,avenue so that you can look across the ,pool at the panels4 ,they are by ,bruno ,zimm of ,new ,york4 ,they represent the ,arts and a long procession of devotees4 ,in the center of one panel1 called ,the ,unattainable in ,art1 one sees ,art represented4 ,on either side is the battle between the idealists1 the materialists and the artists4 ,many idealists have fallen1 but the centaurs1 the materialists1 seem to be held back by the artists who are striving to reach ,art herself4 ,we are all striving to reach the so-called unattainable1 but it means the battle with materialism before we can do it4 ,yonder stand beauty1 health1 truth - the flowers of the spirit - but we must pass the centaur to make that figure of ,truth attainable4 ,then comes the ,apollo ,panel1 and ,apollo1 the leader of the arts1 in his chariot1 seems to be in a long procession preceded and followed by devotees of the fine arts4 ,next comes the ,pegasus ,panel1 indicating inspiration in the arts4 ,ahead1 marches ,music with his lyre1 who1 like a sort of ,orpheus1 is stilling even the beasts4 ,the figures between the panels represent those who stand ready to do battle for the arts4 ,ulric ,h4 ,ellerhusen has done the flower boxes1 with women at the corners4 ,vines were to have fallen over the figures from the boxes1 allowing only a shoulder1 a head1 or a long line of the drapery to appear1 but the plans had to be changed1 hence the figure now in full evidence4 ,the women are looking into the flower-laden boxes4 ,as you stand by the ,pool1 notice the shrubs and flowers near by4 ,near the columns are ,monterey cypresses4 ,grey-green artemisia is between the columns4 ,ten thousand periwinkles are on the banks4 ,five thousand ,spanish iris4 ,many ,japanese iris4 ,california incense shrub4 ,yellow primroses4 ,one thousand white callas4 ,one thousand yellow callas4 ,one thousand ,california violets4 ,the shiny-leaved coprosma from ,chili4 ,blue-flowered buddleia4 ,groups of pittosporum4 ,pampas grass from ,brazil4 ,hundreds of daffodils 7in ,march74 ,the weeping willows4 ,a great group on the north of erica1 epacris1 and cryptomeria4 ,across from the erica is the red-berried cotoneaster horizontalis4 ,near the columns on the north side by the ,pool grows the purple agapanthus4 ,the ,catalina cherry is massed against the building on the north4 ,the pink-flowered escallonia is found under the columns near the ,pool4 ,the orange-berried pyracantha cretaegus is seen in all its glory on the north4 ,heliotrope makes the air one of sweet perfume4 ,polygala1 with pea-like blossom1 is seen near the base of the columns4 ,in the ,pool have been put five hundred papyrus plants and five hundred ,japanese water lilies4 ,these are a few of the many wonderful blooms seen here4 ,the vistas and reflections are ever new and beautiful from every turn of the ,pool4 ,palace of ,horticulture ,architects - ,bakewell and ,brown of ,san ,francisco4 ,architecture - ,byzantine in the arrangement of the domes 7the mosque of ,ahmed ,i of ,constantinople being the inspiration7 and in the use of tall finials suggesting minarets1 but quite ,french in its ornamentation4 ,the building is one of great beauty and is considered one of the finest exhibit palaces ever erected at any exposition4 ,the ornamentation below the dome is by ,boutier4 ,the ,caryatids of the ,caryatid ,porch are by ,john ,bateman of ,new ,york4 ,the great opulence of the harvests of ,california is brought to mind by the lavish abundance of the ornamentation on this building4 ,the combination of the smoked-ivory color of the travertine and the lattice green of the decorations produces a more lovely effect4 ,the basket atop is over thirty-three feet in diameter4 ,the dome is #aeb feet in diameter4 ,st4 ,peter's dome is #acg feet2 the ,pantheon dome is #adb feet4 ,under the dome will be a constant display of hothouse plants4 ,at the opening of the ,exposition were seen cinerarias and cyclamen of glorious hue4 ,a wonderful display of orchids is seen in another portion of this great building4 ,those interested in orange packing will have a chance to see the different stages of the packing as shown from the arrival of the fruit at the packinghouse to the nailing of the cover on the box4 ,a model olive-oil press is in working order and will afford great interest4 ,great steel framework will enable the vast amount of glass of the dome to withstand the wind pressure4 ,the dome will be illuminated three times a week4 ,it will at times look like a great pearl or a fiery opal4 ,luther ,burbank1 the wizard of horticulture1 and ,carl ,purdy1 of bulb and wild flower fame1 will have headquarters at this palace during the entire ,exposition1 ready to answer and help those who apply to them4 ,sixty-five acres of land are to be devoted to horticultural interests4 ,the ,netherlands have fifty-three thousand square feet in a wonderful display of bulbs and other plants4 ,horticultural ,interests ,all the areas on the ,exposition site were composed of drifting sands or sands that had been pumped in from the bay1 upon which no ornamental plant could grow4 ,it was necessary to bring down from the ,sacramento ,valley rich soil 7fifty thousand cubic yards71 and spread sixteen thousand cubic yards of fertilizer over that1 in order to maintain lawns1 trees and shrubs4 ,an immense number of trees1 ranging from thirty to sixty feet in height1 were moved from ,golden ,gate ,park and the ,presidio of ,san ,francisco4 ,it is the largest number of evergreen trees ever moved in connection with any landscape work4 ,many plantings will be made thruout the ,exposition4 ,it will require the moving of four hundred thousand plants each time a change is made4 ,work on the eucalyptus trees was started two years ago1 when the plants were six inches high1 in flats4 ,these little trees were transferred into other flats and placed on hot beds4 ,after six weeks of this treatment they were transferred to #ab-;inch boxes4 ,they remained there for a period of eight months and then were put into #ah-;inch boxes and made a vigorous growth4 ,they are now #be feet in height4 ,in boxing large specimen trees the following method was adopted3 ,the trees were side-boxed1 and1 after the roots were cut1 three inches of space was allowed between the ball and the sides of the box1 and this three-inch space was secured with good surface soil so as to start side-root action4 ,the plants were mulched and watered for a period of from four to six months1 when the bottom of the box was put on4 ,this method has been most successful in transplanting palms and trees in general4 7,these facts were kindly given by ,mr4 ,donald ,mc,laren of the ,department of ,landscape ,gardening1 ,san ,francisco47 ,the ,south ,gardens ,throughout the ,exposition these garden beds are to show a succession of blooms4 ,at the opening of the ,exposition five thousand daffodils were in bloom over two hundred thousand yellow pansies4 - ,the ,south ,gardens1 besides having two great pools1 at the end of which are the ,mermaid ,fountains by ,arthur ,putnam of ,san ,francisco1 have a most decorative fountain called the ,fountain of ,energy4 ,in the pool below are seen great sea animals1 representing3 #a4 ,the ,atlantic ,ocean1 with coral in hair and seahorses in her hand1 riding on the back of an helmeted fish1 suggestive of armored cruisers1 etc4 #b4 ,the ,north ,atlantic1 an ,esquimaux riding the walrus1 ready to spear the enemy4 #c4 ,the ,south ,atlantic1 a negro riding on the back of a sea-elephant playing with an octopus4 #d4 ,the ,pacific ,ocean on the back of a great creature unknown on land or sea4 ,in the pool1 on the dolphins' backs1 ride most charming sea maidens4 ,around the base of the earth are grouped sea spirits4 ,the earth shows on one side a great bull representing the ,western ,hemisphere1 a great lioness denoting the ,eastern4 ,one sees the swirling of the waters around the figure of ,panama4 ,surmounting the globe1 standing in his stirrups1 rides ,energy1 the force that has overcome the play of the waters and has put thru the ,panama ,canal4 ,energy is strongly suggested by this stalwart male1 who rides on1 having surmounted all difficulties4 ,this is the great power that is responsible for the completion of the ,panama ,canal1 and ,fame and ,victory blow bugles long and loud from his shoulders4 ,the idea of energy is further carried out by the splendid play of the waters from the fountain itself1 tremendous force being evident4 - ,at the west end of ,south ,gardens1 opposite the ,band ,concourse1 are most interesting groups of trees1 shrubs and flowers4 ,the members of different floral families have taken the opportunity of meeting and establishing themselves in the same neighborhood1 and the result is delightful for the lover of flowers4 ,now is the time to study differences and similarities in the plant world - and our opportunities are appreciated4 ,notice the splendid groups of trees and shrubs on either side of ,horticultural ,palace4 ,monterey pines1 ,monterey cypresses1 ,lawson cypresses1 acacias1 laurustinus1 veronicas and dahlias are grouped so as to make a most remarkable effect in form and color4 ,the ,dracaena ,canariensis or ,canary palm1 as we are in the habit of calling it1 and the ,washingtonia robusta1 or ,california fan palm1 are seen in alternate arrangement1 double rows on either side the ,avenue of ,palms4 ,on the south side of the ,exposition grounds is a wall1 twenty feet high1 of living green4 ,it is made of mesembryanthemum spectabilis put in boxes1 six feet by two by two and a half inches1 filled with earth1 over which is put a wire-mesh screen4 ,this is the first time this work has been tried and it has proved to be a thorough success4 ,festival ,hall ,architect - ,robt4 ,farquhar of ,los ,angeles1 ,california1 widely known for his fine domestic architecture4 ,on the south side of the ,avenue of ,palms1 opposite the ,court of ,flowers1 stands the building in which the majority of the musical festivals of the ,exposition are to be held4 ,the main hall will hold three thousand people4 ,there are about five hundred conventions to meet here during the time the ,exposition is open4 ,the organ1 of marvelous tone and sweetness1 is one of the finest in the world4 ,edwin ,h4 ,lamare of ,london will give one hundred performances1 each recital beginning at #ab ,m4 ,he starts his musicals the first of ,june4 ,the building is ,french in style1 having been inspired by the ,beaux ,arts ,theatre1 ,paris4 ,it has a large dome1 the cupola of which is lighted by projectors beneath the floor of the building4 ,sherry ,fry of ,iowa has done the sculpture1 all of it being suggestive of festivity4 ,bacchus1 with his grapes and wine skin1 reclines on one side1 while ,the ,reclining ,woman listens from her position4 ,on the west are two ,floras with their festoons of flowers4 ,little ,pan sits with his panpipes on an ,ionic capital over which is thrown a fawn skin4 ,he has just stopped playing to watch the lizard that creeps at his side4 ,the ,torch ,bearer1 a most graceful figure1 is poised on each corner dome4 ,a border of pinkish-lavender hydrangeas1 four feet in diameter1 with a fringe of lavender and pink baby primroses1 adds much to the beauty of this spot4 ,pinkish-lavender erica1 or heath1 borders the steps leading from ,festival ,hall to the ,avenue of ,palms4 ,above the western entrance one see the old ,greek drinking horn1 the rhyton1 suggestive of festivity4 ,the ,color ,scheme ,jules ,guerin1 probably the greatest man in his particular line in the world1 has had complete charge of the ,exposition coloring4 ,he has used only five colors1 but of course these colors are not all the same tone4 ,all walls are pastel pink or a sunset shade1 as seen in the ,court of the ,ages4 ,all niches are the same shade4 ,all ceilings and shells are ultramarine blue1 with two exceptions4 ,the ,court of the ,ages is a pastel blue1 and that of the ,court of ,palms is fawn-color4 ,the domes of the ,fine ,arts ,palace1 and the ,court of the ,universe1 are burnt orange1 or1 as one writer has expressed it1 sea-weed washed with brine4 ,the other domes are an oriental green1 approaching copper-green4 ,the capitals when colored are burnt orange1 with either an ultramarine-blue or an ,indian-red ground4 ,columnettes and a few decorative bands are of turquoise-green4 ,there is a unity1 a balance1 a color beauty all unto itself4 ,you see it in the architecture1 sculpture1 and painting1 in the arrangement of the decorations1 in the courts4 ,then over it all hangs the spirit of romance such as surrounds the days of old ,castile4 ,a mediaeval beauty and splendor bring longings for the pageants that would add a world of interest4 ,there is a ,graeco-,roman appeal in the long colonnades1 the porticoes1 the fountains1 the courts4 ,the ,orient is strongly marked by the domes1 the minaret suggestions1 the elephants1 and minor details4 ,it is an ,arabian-,nights-,tale - not a thousand and one nights1 but two hundred and eighty-eight4 ,siena marble is used mainly at entrances and for pedestals4 ,the travertine is pinkish1 grey and cream4 ,doorways in shadow are of lattice green4 ,flag-poles are colored ,spanish red4 ,lighting standards are green1 ochre1 or eucalyptus blue4 ,banners are ochre and cadmium4 ,the world has never seen such an ,occidental-,oriental harmony as in this ,exposition4 ,the traditions of the olden days are so strongly worked into these palaces and courts that one feels more than he can tell when wandering in this world of beauty2 and we the laymen owe a debt of gratitude to the architects1 sculptors1 painters1 horticulturists1 financiers1 engineers and the workmen who have given us this dream city of #aiae4 ,index ,abundance ,acroterium ,adams1 ,herbert ,adventurer ,adventurous ,bowman ,agriculture ,air ,aitken1 ,robert ,american ,pioneer ,angel of ,peace ,apollo ,panel ,aquatic ,maids ,arch of ,rising ,sun ,arch of ,setting ,sun ,armoured ,horseman ,art ,crowned by ,time ,arts ,aspiration ,atlas ,autumn ,bacchus ,bacon1 ,henry ,bakewell and ,brown ,bancroft1 ,milton ,bateman1 ,john ,beach1 ,chester ,beauty and the ,beast ,beecher1 ,henry ,ward ,bisons ,borglum1 ,solon ,brangwyn1 ,frank ,bucrania ,burden ,bearers ,burroughs1 ,edith ,woodman ,calder1 ,a4 ,stirling ,canephori ,caryatids ,ceres ,cortez ,crusader ,cummings ,dallin1 ,cyrus ,edwin ,dawn of ,life ,day ,triumphant ,deneville1 ,paul ,descending ,night ,dodge1 ,frank de ,leftwich ,domes ,dome of ,philosophy ,dome of ,plenty ,du ,mond1 ,frank ,vincent ,eagles ,earth ,education ,electricity ,ellerhusen1 ,ulric ,h4 ,elwell1 ,frank ,edwin ,emerald ,pool ,end of the ,trail ,fairy ,farquhar1 ,robert ,faville ,feast of the ,sacrifice ,festivity1 ,fire ,flanagan1 ,john ,fountain of ,el ,dorado ,fountain of ,energy ,fountain of ,psychology of ,life ,fountain of ,youth ,four ,golds of ,california ,fraser1 ,james ,earle ,french1 ,daniel ,cheater ,fruits and ,flowers ,fruition ,fry1 ,sherry ,genii of ,machinery ,genius of ,creation ,gentle ,powers of the ,night ,gerlach1 ,gustave ,gruppe1 ,karl ,guerin1 ,jules ,harley1 ,charles ,harvest ,hassam1 ,childe ,hastings1 ,thomas ,helios ,hermes ,holloway1 ,chas4 ,hospice of ,santa ,cruz1 ,toledo ,humphries1 ,charles ,a4 ,imagination ,invention ,jaegers1 ,albert ,jaegers1 ,august ,joy of ,living ,kelham1 ,george ,kneeling ,figure ,konti1 ,isadore ,laessle1 ,albert ,lentelli1 ,leo ,lesson of ,life ,lincoln1 ,abraham ,lions ,listening to the ,sound of the ,ages ,longman1 ,evelyn ,mc,kim1 ,meade and ,white ,mc,laren1 ,john ,mac,neil1 ,hermon ,a4 ,man ,receiving ,instruction in ,nature's ,law 7,mural7 ,manship1 ,paul ,matthews1 ,arthur ,maybeck1 ,bernard ,r4 ,men from ,atlantic ,mermaid ,fountain ,miner ,mullgardt1 ,louis ,christian ,music ,nahl1 ,perham ,nations ,that ,have ,crossed the ,atlantic 7,mural7 ,nature ,natural ,selection ,newman1 ,allen ,niehaus1 ,charles ,old ,world ,handing ,burden to ,new ,world ,oriental ,flower ,girl ,pan ,panama ,canal 7,murals7 ,patigian1 ,haig ,pegasus ,pegasus ,panel ,peters ,philosopher ,piccirilli1 ,furio ,pirate ,pizarro ,pool of ,reflections ,power of ,industry ,priest ,priestess of ,culture ,priestess of ,religion ,primitive ,man ,proctor1 ,p4 ,providence ,pursuit of ,pleasure ,putnam1 ,arthur ,rain ,reclining ,woman ,reid1 ,robert ,richardson1 ,symmes ,rise of ,civilization ,rising ,sun ,roth1 ,frederick ,rumsey1 ,charles ,saint ,gaudens1 ,augustus ,scout1 ,the ,scudder1 ,janet ,seed ,time ,setting ,sun ,simmons1 ,edward ,spanish ,cavalier ,spring ,stackpole1 ,ralph ,star1 ,jeweled ,stea1 ,cesare ,steam ,power ,summer ,sunshine ,survival of the ,fittest ,thought ,tonetti ,torch ,bearer ,triumph of the ,fields ,unattainable ,in ,art ,varied ,industries ,victorious ,spirit ,walters1 ,edgar ,ward1 ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,ward and ,blohme ,warrior ,water ,weinert1 ,albert ,weinmann1 ,a4 ,a4 ,whitney1 ,gertrude ,v4 ,winter1 ,workman ,young1 ,mahonri ,zimm1 ,bruno ,zodiac1 ,signs of