,transcrib]'s ,notes ,any *anges made to ! text h be5 li/$ 9 notes at ! end ( ! book4 ,! au?or makes ext5sive use ( diacritics su* z macron1 breve & grave acc5t to indicate /ress1 l5g? etc4 ,9 ! orig9al1 ^! symbols (t5 float ov] ! text to %[ t !y apply to ! syllable1 b 9 ?is e-book are m>k$ on ! fir/ v[el ( ! syllable only4 ,bold typeface is repres5t$ by by surr\nd+ ha% symbols2 italic by und]scores2 small caps by ,,all ,,caps & /rike?r\gh by tilde *>act]s4 ,! c>et symbol 77 prec$es sup]script *>act]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,,f ,,! ,,twelf? ,,c5tury ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 #c vols4 #hvo4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,,f ,,! ,,orig9s ,,to ,,sp5s]4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,f ,,%akespe>e ,,to ,,crabbe4 #ahs4 net4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,f ,,blake ,,to ,,sw9burne4 #ahs4 net4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,prose ,,rhy?m4 #hvo4 #ahs4 net4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,elizabe?an ,,lit]ature4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,,lit]ature4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,lit]ature4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ajs4 ,also 9 ,five ,p>ts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,life ,,( ,,dryd54 ,libr>y ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 net4 ,pocket ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 net4 ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd4 ,,hi/orical ,,manual ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,illu/ration ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,madras ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,bo/on ,,*icago ,,dallas ,,san ,,francisco ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,,hi/orical ,,manual ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,,by ,,george ,,sa9tsbury ,m4,a4 ,,& ,,hon4 ,d4,,litt4 ,,oxon4 ,,hon4 ,,ll4,d4 ,,ab]d42 ,,hon4 ,d4,,litt4 ,,durh42 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,academy ,,hon4 ,,fell[ ,,( ,,m]ton ,,college1 ,,ox=d2 ,,late ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,rhetoric ,,& ,,engli% ,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ed9burgh ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aiai ,,copyright ,fir/ ,edition #aiaj ,repr9t$ #aiad1 #aiai ,,preface ,! reception ( ! fir/ two volumes ( a l>g] "w 7s9ce complet$7 on ,engli% ,prosody sugge/$1 to ! au?or & to ! publi%]s1 t !re might be room = a m compress$ deal+ ) ! subject1 possess+ m introductory "*1 & attempt+ ! functions ( a manual z well z ^? ( a hi/ory4 ,x did n1 h[ev]1 seem t ! matt] c\ld be satisfactorily treat$ 9 extremely brief =m1 z a prim] or elem5t>y s*ool-book4 ,! subject is "o n v well suit$ = elem5t>y in/ruction2 & 9 endeav\r+ to %ape x = t use !re is a p>ticul> dang] ( too positive & p]emptory /atem5t 9 ref]5ce to matt]s ( ! mo/ cont5ti\s k9d4 ,cate*etical in/ruction has to be categorical2 if y set hypo!ses1 or alt]native sy/ems1 be=e "y s*ol>s1 !y are apt ei!r to di/ru/ ! :ole ?+ or to become hopelessly muddl$4 ,& ! opposite dang]--( unhesitat+ adoption ( positive /atem5ts on d\btful po9ts--mu/ h be5 f\nd to be only too real by any "o :o has _h to d ) education4 ,s*oolboys _c be too e>ly1 or too pl5tifully1 or too v>i\sly suppli$ ) good examples ( v]se2 b !y %\ld be ?or\ghly famili> ) ! practice be=e !y come to ! pr9ciples4 ,to ! ,s5ior ,=ms ( ! high] ,second>y ,s*ools1 on ! o!r h&1 & to /ud5ts 9 ^? ,univ]sities :i* admit ,engli% lit]ature z a subject1 ?is function ( x is q suitable & well adapt$1 & x is = _! use t ?is volume is plann$ 7z well z = t ( ! g5]al read] :o may h>dly feel incl9$ to tackle ?ree l>ge octavos74 ,an ef=t w be made to include ev]y?+ t is vital to a cle> und]/&+ ( ! subject2 :ile opportunity w1 x is hop$1 be f\nd = ins]tion ( "s in=mation1 bo? ( a hi/orical & ( a practical k9d1 :i* did n seem s g]mane to ! l>g] ,hi/ory4 ,x has be5 a ma9 object ) me 9 prep>+ ?is book1 :ile r$uc+ prosodic !ory to ! necess>y m9imum1 b keep+ t1 to load e rift ) prosodic fact2 & ,i c\ld almo/ recomm5d ! /ud5t to devote himself to ! ,cont5ts & ! ,index1 illu/rat$ by ! ,gloss>y1 all ( :i* h be5 made exceptionally full1 be=e attack+ ! text4 ,! "w1 l ! l>g] "o ( :i* x is n s mu* an ab/ract z a p>allel ) a diff]5t purpose1 _c hope to cont5t ^? :o ?9k t prosody %\ld be1 l ma!matics or music1 a sci5ce1 immutable1 p]emptory1 ab/ract 9 ! o!r s5se4 ,x w n cont5t ^? :o ?9k--9 pursuance or indep5d5tly ( su* an op9ion--t x %\ld disc>d appreciation ( ! actual poetry1 on :i*1 f my po9t ( view1 x is solely bas$4 ,x w1 f ano!r po9t1 leave dissatisfi$ ^? :o decl9e ! attempt to r$uce ?is poetry to "s g5]al b ela/ic laws1 & :o conc5trate !mselves on ! imm$iate musical or rhetorical values 7z !y seem to !m7 ( individual poems1 or passages1 or ev5 7z is n uncommon7 l9es4 ,nor w x provide1 :at "s seem to desire1 a tabul> analysis ( e v]se-=m 9 ! language1 = reasons expla9$ 9 ! prop] place 7v4 inf4 p4 #ccf note74 ,b1 f pa/ exp]i5ce1 x seems t x may f9d "s public ready = x2 & x is p]haps n :olly fatu\s to hope t x may help to create a l>g]4#a ,,george ,,sa9tsbury4 ,,ed9burgh1 ,,all ,,s\ls' ,,day1 #aiaj4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,note to ,second ,edition4 ,*ri/mas #aiac4--,! opportunity ( ?is second edition#b has be5 tak5 to read ! text c>efully1 & to correct a c]ta9 numb] ( errors ( p5 & press1 connect$ m especially ) division ( feet & quantification ( syllables4 ,h[ difficult x is to avoid errors "h1 nobody :o has n tri$ ! matt] on an ext5sive scale c well conceive4 ,few m sub/antial alt]ations h be5 f\nd necess>y2 b ,i may m5tion "h an addition to ! evid5ce ( di/9ct1 if clumsy1 anap/ic metre 9 ! mid4-sixte5? c5tury1 :i* ,i _h n notic$ :5 writ+ ?is book1 or my l>g] "o4 ,x is a translation ( ! #adi? ,psalm1 contribut$ to ! ,old ,v]sion 7#aefa-b7 by ,john ,pulleyne1 ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/*ur*1 ,ar*deacon ( ,col*e/]1 & ,preb5d>y ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,x may be f\nd 9 ! ,p>k] ,society's ,select ,poems1 & beg9s3 ,s+ unto ! ,"l ) he>ty accord ,a new joyful song2 ,8 praises res\nd1 9 e gr\nd ,8 sa9ts all among4 #b ,& ( a ?ird4--,,ba?1 ,sept4 #aiai4 ,,cont5ts ,,book ,i ,,introductory ,,& ,,dogmatic ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,introductory #c ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody--,,! ,,acc5tual ,,or ,,/ress ,classical prosody uni=m 9 !ory--,engli% n s--,acc5t & /ress--,engli% prosody z adju/$ to !m--,its difficulties--& insuffici5cies--,examples ( its application--,its v>i\s sects & support]s #f ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody--,,! ,,syllabic ,hi/ory ( ! syllabic !ory--,its results--,note3 ,cautions #ad ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody--,,! ,,foot ,g5]al if n always consi/5t use ( ! t]m foot--,p>ticul> objections to its sy/ematic use--,quantity 9 ,engli%--,! common syllable--,int]m$iate rules ( arrangem5t--,"s int]im rules ( feet 7exp&$ 9 note7--,! diff]5t sy/ems appli$ to a s+le v]se ( ,t5nyson's--& _! application exam9$--,application fur!r to 8 ,hollyhock song--,su* application possible always & ev]y:]e #ai ,,*apt] ,v ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,foot ,,sy/em ,a4 ,feet4--,feet compos$ ( long & %ort syllables--,n all comb9ations actual--,diff]5ces f classical feet--,! ?ree usual k9ds3 iamb1 tro*ee1 anap/--,! spondee--,! dactyl--,! pyrrhic--,! tribra*--,o!rs4 ,b4 ,con/itution ( ,feet4--,quality or quantity 9 feet--,n necess>ily "t--nor v[el quantity--,accumulat$ consonants--or rhetorical /ress--or place 9 v]se w quantify--,commonness ( monosyllables4 ,c4 ,equival5ce & ,sub/itution4--,sub/itution ( equival5t feet--,its two laws--,confusion ( base mu/ be avoid$--7,( :i* ! e> mu/ judge7--,c]ta9 sub/itutions are n eligible4 ,d4 ,pause4--,v>iation ( pause --,practically at discretion--,blank v]se specially dep5d5t on pause4 ,e4 ,l9e-,comb9ation4--,simple or complex--,rhymes necess>y to c\plet--,few in/ances ( successful unrhym$ /anza--,unev5ness ( l9e 9 l5g?--,/anzas to be judg$ by ! e>--,orig9 ( commone/ l9e-comb9ations4 ,f4 ,rhyme4--,rhyme natural 9 ,engli%--,x mu/ be full --& n id5tical--,g5]al rule z to x--,allit]ation--,s+le1 etc41 rhyme--,fullness ( s\nd--,int]nal rhyme p]missible--b sometimes dang]\s4 ,g4 ,miscellane\s--,v[el-music--,f+]+--,conf usion ( rhy?ms intol]able #cj ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cont9u\s ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,engli% ,,scansion ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,foot ,,sy/em ,i4 ,old ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,scansion only dimly visible--,,ii4 ,late ,old ,engli% ) nisus t[>ds ,metre3 ,grave ,poem--,,iii4 ,transition ,p]iod3 ,metre /ruggl+ to ass]t itself 9 a new way--,,iv4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,attempt at m]ely ,syllabic ,uni=mity ) ,unbrok5 ,iambic ,run & no ,rhyme--,v4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,conflict or ,indecision betwe5 ,acc5tual ,rhy?m & ,metrical ,s*eme--,,vi4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,! ,appe>ance & ,developm5t ( ! ,f\rte5]--,,vii4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,! ,pla9 & ,equival5c$ ,octosyllable--,,viii4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,! ,romance-,six or ,rime ,c\e--,,ix4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,miscellane\s ,/anzas--,x4 ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,appe>ance ( ! ,decasyllable--,,xi4 ,lat] ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,! ,allit]ative ,revival 7,pure7--,,xii4 ,lat] ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,! ,allit]ative ,revival 7,mix$7--,,xiii4 ,lat] ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,pot5tially ,metrical ,l9es 9 ,langl& 7see ,book ,,ii47--,,xiv4 ,lat] ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,scansions f ,*auc]--,,xv4 ,lat] ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod3 ,v>iations f ,/rict ,iambic ,norm 9 ,g[]--,,xvi4 ,transition ,p]iod3 ,examples ( ,break-d[n 9 ,lit]>y ,v]se--,,xvii4 ,transition ,p]iod3 ,examples ( ,true ,prosody 9 ,ballad1 ,c>ols1 etc4--,,xviii4 ,transition ,p]iod3 ,examples ( ,skeltonic & o!r ,dogg]el--,,xix4 ,transition ,p]iod3 ,examples f ! ,scotti% ,poets--,,xx4 ,e>ly ,elizabe?an ,p]iod3 ,examples ( ,re=m$ ,metre f ,wyatt1 ,surrey1 & o!r ,poets be=e ,sp5s]--,,xxi4 ,sp5s] at ,diff]5t ,p]iods--,,xxii4 ,examples ( ! ,developm5t ( ,blank ,v]se--,,xxiii4 ,examples ( ,elizabe?an ,lyric--,,xxiv4 ,e>ly ,cont9u\s ,anap/s--,,xxv4 ,! ,enjamb$ ,h]oic ,c\plet 7#aehj-affj7--,,xxvi4 ,! ,/opp$ ,h]oic ,c\plet 7#aehj-affj7--,,xxvii4 ,v>i\s ,=ms ( ,octosyllable-,heptasyllable 7late ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5tury7--,,xxviii4 ,common1 ,long1 & ,9 ,memoriam ,measure 7,sev5te5? ,c5tury7--,,xxix4 ,improv$ ,anap/ic ,measures 7,dryd51 ,anon41 ,prior7--,,xxx4 ,p9d>ics 7,sev5te5? ,c5tury7--,,xxxi4 ,! ,h]oic ,c\plet f ,dryd5 to ,crabbe--,,xxxii4 ,eighte5?-,c5tury ,blank ,v]se--,,xxxiii4 ,! ,regul>is$ ,p9d>ic ,ode--,,xxxiv4 ,light] ,eighte5?-,c5tury ,lyric--,,xxxv4 ,! ,revival ( ,equival5ce 7,*att]ton & ,blake7--,,xxxvi4 ,rhymeless ,attempts 7,coll9s to ,%elley7--,,xxxvii4 ,! ,reviv$ ,ballad 7,p]cy to ,col]idge7--,,xxxviii4 ,specim5s ( ,*ri/abel2 ,note on ! ,application ( ! ,*ri/abel ,sy/em to ,n9ete5?-,c5tury ,lyric g5]ally--,,xxxix4 ,n9ete5?-,c5tury ,c\plet 7,leigh ,hunt to ,mr4 ,sw9burne7--,,xl4 ,n9ete5?-,c5tury ,blank ,v]se 7,wordswor? to ,mr4 ,sw9burne7--,,xli4 ,! ,non-,equival5c$ ,octosyllable ( ,keats & ,morris--,,xlii4 ,! ,cont9u\s ,alex&r9e 7,drayton & ,br[n+7--,,xliii4 ,! ,dy+ ,swan ( ,t5nyson scann$ entirely ?r\gh to %[ ! ,application ( ! ,sy/em--,,xliv4 ,! ,/ages ( ! ,metre ( ,dolores & ! ,d$ication ( ,poems & ,ballads--,,xlv4 ,long ,metres ( ,t5nyson1 ,br[n+1 ,morris1 & ,sw9burne--,,xlvi4 ,! ,lat] ,sonnet--,,xlvii4 ,! ,v>i\s ,attempts at ,hexamet]s 9 ,engli%--,,xlviii4 ,m9or ,imitations ( ,classical ,metres--,,xlix4 ,imitations ( ,artificial ,fr5* ,=ms--,l4 ,lat] ,rhymelessness--,,li4 ,"s ,unusual ,metres & ,disput$ ,scansions #cg ,,book ,,ii ,,hi/orical ,,sket* ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,,*apt] ,i ,,f ,,! ,,orig9s ,,to ,,*auc]--,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,engli% ,,v]se ,relations ( ,old to ,middle & ,new ,engli%--g5]ally--& 9 prosody--,anglo-,saxon prosody itself--,prosody ( ! ,transition to ,middle ,engli%--,contra/ 9 ,layamon--,exam9ations ( x3 ,insuffici5t--,suffici5t--,o!r docum5ts ,! ,ormulum--,! ,moral ,ode & ! ,orison ( ,our ,lady--,! ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$ & ,h5dyng--,! ,be/i>y--,m9or poems--,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale & ,g5esis & ,exodus--,summ>y ( results to ! mid-?irte5? c5tury--,! lat] ?irte5? c5tury & ! f\rte5?--,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]--,! ,romances--,lyrics--,! allit]ative revival--,! lat] f\rte5? c5tury--,langl&--,g[]--,*auc]--,8 p]fect+ ( ,m4,e4 v]se--,details ( 8 prosody #acc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,f ,,*auc] ,,to ,,sp5s]--,,disorganisation ,,& ,,recon/ruction ,causes ( decay 9 ,s\!rn ,engli% prosody--,lydgate1 ,occleve1 etc4--,! ,scotti% poets--,ballad1 etc4--,dissatisfaction & re=m--,wyatt & ,surrey--,_! foll[]s--,sp5s]--,! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>--,! ,fa]ie ,que5e #afa ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,f ,,%akespe>e ,,to ,,milton--,,! ,,close ,,( ,,! ,,=mative ,,p]iod ,blank v]se--,be=e ,%akespe>e--,9 him--& aft] him 9 drama--,its deg5]ation--,milton's re=m ( x--,comus--,p>adise ,lo/--,analysis ( its v]sification1 ) application ( diff]5t sy/ems--,/anza1 etc41 9 ,%akespe>e--9 ,milton--& o!rs--,! h]oic c\plet--,enjamb$--& /opp$--,lyric #agc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,halt ,,& ,,retrospect--,,cont9uation ,,on ,,h]oic ,,v]se ,,& ,,its ,,companions ,,f ,,dryd5 ,,to ,,crabbe ,recapitulation--,dryd5's c\plet--& ,pope's--,_! pr$om9ance--,eighte5?-c5tury octosyllable & anap/--,blank v]se--& lyric--,m]it ( eighte5?-c5tury regul>ity #aij ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,romantic ,,revival--,,its ,,precursors ,,& ,,fir/ ,,great ,,/age ,gray & ,coll9s--,*att]ton1 ,burns1 & ,blake--,o!r influ5ces ( *ange--,wordswor?1 ,s\!y1 & ,scott--,col]idge--,moore--,byron--,%ell ey3 8 long] poems--,8 lyrics--,keats #aih ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,la/ ,,/age--,,t5nyson ,,to ,,sw9burne ,f ,keats to ,t5nyson--,t5nyson himself--,special example ( 8 manipulation ( ! quatra9--,br[n+--,mrs4 ,br[n+--,mat!w ,arnold--,lat] poets3 ,! ,rossettis--,w4 ,morris--,mr4 ,sw9burne--,o!rs #bjg ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,recapitulation ,,or ,,summ>y ,,view ,,( ,,/ages ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,i4 ,old ,engli% ,p]iod--,,ii4 ,be=e or v soon aft] #abjj3 ,e>lie/ ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod--,,iii4 ,middle & ,lat] ,?irte5? ,c5tury3 ,second ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod--,,iv4 ,e>li] ,f\rte5? ,c5tury3 ,c5tral ,p]iod ( ,middle ,engli%--,v4 ,lat] ,f\rte5? ,c5tury3 ,cr[n+ ,p]iod ( ,middle ,engli%--,,vi4 ,fifte5? & ,e>ly ,sixte5? ,c5turies3 ,! ,decad5ce ( ,middle ,engli% ,prosody--,,vii4 ,mid-,sixte5? ,c5tury3 ,! ,recov]y ( ,rhy?m--,,viii4 ,late ,sixte5? ,c5tury3 ,! ,p]fect+ ( ,metre & ( ,poetical ,diction--,,ix4 ,e>ly ,sev5te5? ,c5tury3 ,! fur!r ,developm5t ( ,lyric1 ,/anza1 & ,blank ,v]se2 ,insurg5ce & ,division ( ! ,c\plet--,x4 ,mid-,sev5te5? ,c5tury3 ,milton--,,xi4 ,! ,lat] ,sev5te5? ,c5tury3 ,dryd5--,,xii4 ,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury--,,xiii4 ,! ,e>ly ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ! ,romantic ,revival--,,xiv4 ,! ,lat] ,n9ete5? ,c5tury #bbj ,,book ,,iii ,,hi/orical ,,survey ,,( ,,views ,,on ,,prosody ,,*apt] ,i ,,be=e #agjj ,de>? ( e>ly prosodic /udies--,gascoigne--,8 rem>k on feet-- ,sp5s] & ,h>vey--,/anyhur/--,webbe--,k+ ,james ,,vi4-- ,patt5ham 787--,campion & ,daniel--,b5 ,jonson1 ,drayton1 ,beaumont--,jo%ua ,poole & ,j4 ,d4--,milton--,dryd5-- ,wood=d--,comp>ative b>r5ness ( ! :ole #bcc ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,f ,,bys%e ,,to ,,gue/ ,bys%e's ,art ( ,poetry--,its importance--,m9or prosodi/s ( ! mid-eighte5? c5tury--,dr4 ,johnson--,%5/one--,%]idan-- ,john ,mason--,mit=d--,jo%ua ,/eele--,hi/orical & ,romantic prosody--,gray--,taylor & ,say]s--,s\!y3 8 importance --,wordswor?--,col]idge--,*ri/abel1 its !ory & its practice--,prosodi/s f #ahjj to #ahej--;,gue/ #bdb ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,lat] ,,n9ete5?-,,c5tury ,,prosodi/s ,discussions on ! ,evangel9e hexamet]--,mid-c5tury prosodi/s --,^? ab\t #ahgj--;& s9ce--,summ>y #bef ,,book ,,iv ,,auxili>y ,,app>atus ,,*apt] ,i ,,gloss>y ,acc5t--,acephal\s--,acro/ic--,alex&r9e- -,alcaic--,allit]ation --,amphibra*--,amphimac]--,note on ,musical & ,rhetorical ,arrangem5ts ( ,v]se--,anacrusis--,anap/--,anti-,bac*ic or ,anti-,bac*ius--,antispa/--,anti/rophe-- ,appoggiatura-- ,arsis & its opposite1 ,!sis--,assonance--,atonic--,bac*ic or ,bac*ius--,ballad 7r>ely ,ballet7--,ballade--,ballad ,metre or ,common ,measure--,b> & ,beat--,blank ,v]se--,bob & ,:eel--,burd5--,burns ,metre--,cad5ce--,csura--,c>ol-- ,catalexis--,cat*--,*ant-,royal--,*oriam b--,coda--,common --,common ,measure 7,c4,m47--,consonance--,c\plet-- ,cretic--,dactyl--,di-iamb--,dimet]--,di spondee--,di/i*-- ,ditro*ee--,do*miac--,dogg]el--,duple--, elision-- ,end-/opp$--,enjambm5t--,envoi--,epanaph ora--,epanor?osis --,epitrite--,epode--,equival5ce--,eye-, rhyme--,fem99e ,rhyme 7,fem99e ,end+7--,f+]+--,foot2 ,table ( ,feet --,f\rte5]--,galliambic--,gemell or ,gem9el--,head-,rhyme --,h5decasyllable--,heptamet]--,h]oic--, hexamet]-- ,hiatus--,iambic--,inv]t$ ,/ress--,ionic2 ,note on ,ionic a m9ore z applicable to ! ,epilogue ( ,br[n+'s ,asol&o--,leon9e ,v]se--,l9e--,long & ,%ort--,long ,measure 7,l4,m47-- ,lydgatian ,l9e--,mascul9e ,rhyme--,metre--,molossus-- ,monomet]--,monopressure--,octave--,octo met]--,ode--,ottava ,rima--,pon--,pause--,p5tamet]--,p9d>ic- -,position--,p\lt]'s ,measure--,proceleusmatic--,pyrrhic--,qu antity--,qu>tet or ,quatra9--,qu9tet--,r$undance--,refra9-- ,rhyme --,rhyme-,royal--,rhy?m--,rid+ ,rhyme--,rime ,c\e or ,tail$ ,rhyme--,romance-,six--,rondeau1 ,rondel--,sapphic-- ,section--,sept5>--,septet--,se/et1 also ,sixa9--,se/9e1 ,se/9a--,%ort ,measure 7,s4,m47--,s+le-m\ld$--,skeltonic --,slur--,sonnet--,sp5s]ian--,spondee--, /anza or ,/ave--,/ress--,/ress-,unit--,/rophe--,s ub/itution--,synalpha-- ,syncope--,synizesis--,syzygy--,tail$ ,sonnet--,t]cet--,t]za ,rima--,tetramet]--,!sis--,"t--,tribra*- -,triolet-- ,triple--,triplet--,tro*ee--,truncation- -,tumbl+ ,v]se--,turn ( ,words--,v]se--,v]se ,p>agraph--,v[el-,music-- ,weak ,end+--,wr5*$ ,acc5t #bfe ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,reason$ ,,li/ ,,( ,,poets ,,) ,,special ,,reg>d ,,to ,,_! ,,prosodic ,,quality ,,& ,,influ5ce ,arnold1 ,mat!w 7#ahbb-ahhh7--;,b>ham1 ,ri*>d ,h4 7,?omas ,+oldsby7 7#aghh-ahde7--;,beaumont1 ,sir ,john 7#aehc-afbc7--;,blake1 ,william 7#ageg-ahbg7--;,b[les1 ,william ,lisle 7#agfb-ahej7--;,br[ne1 ,william 7#aeia-afdc7--;,br[n+1 ,elizabe? ,b>rett 7#ahjf-ahfa7--;,br[n+1 ,rob]t 7#ahab-ahhi7--;,burns1 ,rob]t 7#agei-agif7--;,byron1 ,george ,gordon1 ,"l 7#aghh-ahbd7--;,campbell1 ,?omas 7#aggg-ahdd7--;,campion1 ,?omas 78-#afai7--;,cann+1 ,george 7#aggj-ahbg7--;,*amb]layne1 ,william 7#afai-afhi7--;,*att]ton1 ,?omas 7#ageb-aggj7--;,*auc]1 ,ge(frey 7#acdj8-adjj7--;,clevel&1 ,john 7#afac-afeh7--;,col]idge1 ,samuel ,taylor 7#aggb-ahcd7--;,coll9s1 ,william 7#agba-agei7--;,congreve1 ,william 7#afgj-agbi7--;,c[ley1 ,abraham 7#afah-affg7--;,c[p]1 ,william 7#agca-ahjj7--;,donne1 ,john 7#aegc-afca7--;,drayton1 ,mi*ael 7#aefc-afca7--;,dryd51 ,john 7#afcj-agjj7--;,dixon1 ,ri*>d ,watson 7#ahcc-aijj7--;,dunb>1 ,william 7#adej8-aeac8 or -#aecj87--;,dy]1 ,john 7#agjj8-ageh87--;,fairfax1 ,edw>d 7d4 #afce7--;,fitzg]ald1 ,edw>d 7#ahji-ahhc7--;,flet*]1 ,giles 7#aehh-afbc71 & ,ph9eas 7#aehb-afej7--;,flet*]1 ,john 7#aegi-afbe7--;,fr]e1 ,john ,hookham 7#agfi-ahdf7--;,gascoigne1 ,george 7#aebe8-aegg7--;,glov]1 ,ri*>d 7#agab-aghe7--;,godric1 ,sa9t 78-#aagj7--;,g[]1 ,john 7#acbe8-adjh7--;,hampole1 ,ri*>d ,rolle ( 7#abij8-acdg7--;,hawes1 ,/eph5 7d4 #aebc87--;,h]rick1 ,rob]t 7#aeia-afgd7--;,hunt1 ,j4 ,h4 ,leigh 7#aghd--ahei7---;,jonson1 ,b5jam9 7#aegc8-afcg7--,keats1 ,john 7#agie-ahba7--,k+sley1 ,*>les 7#ahai-ahge7--,l&or1 ,walt] ,savage 7#agge-ahfd7--,langl&1 ,william 7f\rte5? c5tury7--,layamon 7late twelf? & e>ly ?irte5? c5tury7--,lewis1 ,mat!w ,gregory 7#agge-ahah7--,lock] 7latt]ly ,lock]-,lampson71 ,fr$]ick 7#ahba-ahie7--,longfell[1 ,h5ry ,wadswor? 7#ahjg-ahhb7--,lydgate1 ,john 7#acgj-adej87--,macaulay1 ,?omas ,bab+ton 7#ahjj-ahei7--,mag9n1 ,william 7#agic-ahdb7--,m>l[e1 ,*ri/oph] 7#affd-afic7--,milton1 ,john 7#afjh-afgd7--,moore1 ,?omas 7#aggi-aheb7--,morris1 ,william 7#ahcd-ahif7--,orm--,o',%aughnessy1 ,ar?ur ,w4 ,e4 7#ahdd-ahha7--,peele1 ,george 7#aeeh8-aeig87--,p]cy1 ,?omas 7#agbi-ahaa7--,poe1 ,edg> 7#ahji-ahdi7--,pope1 ,alex&] 7#afhh-agdd7--,pra$1 ,w9?rop ,mackwor? 7#ahjb-ahci7--,prior1 ,mat!w 7#affd-agba7--,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] 7fl4 c4 #abhj7--,rossetti1 ,*ri/9a ,georg9a 7#ahcj-ahid7 & ,dante ,gabriel 7#ahbh-ahhb7--,sackville1 ,?omas 7#aecf-afjh7--,s&ys1 ,george 7#aegh-afdd7--,say]s1 ,frank 7#agfc-ahag7--,scott1 ,sir ,walt] 7#agga-ahcb7--,%akespe>e1 ,william 7#aefd-afaf7--,%elley1 ,p]cy ,bys%e 7#agib-ahbb7--,%5/one1 ,william 7#agad-agfc7--,sidney1 ,sir ,philip 7#aeed-aehf7--,s\!y1 ,rob]t 7#aggd-ahdc7--,sp5s]1 ,edmund 7#aeeb8-aeii7--,surrey1 ,e>l ( 7#aeag-aedg7--,sw9burne1 ,alg]non ,*>les 7#ahcg-aiji7--,t5nyson1 ,alfr$ 7#ahji-ahib7--,?omson1 ,james 7#agjj-agdh7--,tuss]1 ,?omas 7#aebd8-aehj7--,wall]1 ,edmund 7#afjf-afhg7--,watts1 ,isaac 7#afgd-agda7--,:itman1 ,walter 7#ahai-ahib7--,wordswor?1 ,william 7#aggj-ahej7--,wyatt1 ,sir ,?omas 7#aejc8-aedb7 #bih ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,orig9s ,,( ,,l9es ,,& ,,/anzas ,a4 ,l9es4--,i4 ,allit]ative--,,ii4 ,%ort ,l9es--,,iii4 ,octosyllable--,,iv4 ,decasyllabic--,v4 ,alex&r9e--,,vi4 ,f\rte5]--,,vii4 ,dogg]el--,,viii4 ,long ,l9es4 ,b4 ,/anzas1 etc4--,i4 ,ballad ,v]se--,,ii4 ,romance-,six or ,rime ,c\e--,,iii4 ,octosyllabic & ,decasyllabic ,c\plet--,,iv4 ,quatra9--,v4 ,9 ,memoriam ,metre--,,vi4 ,rhyme-,royal--,,vii4 ,octave--,,viii4 ,sp5s]ian--,,ix4 ,burns ,metre--,x4 ,o!r ,/anzas #caf ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,bibliography ,abbot1 ,e4 ,a4--,ald51 ,r4 ,m4--,blake1 ,j4 ,w4--,brew]1 ,r4 ,f4--,bridges1 ,r4 ,s4--,bys%e1 ,edw>d--,calv]ley1 ,c4 ,s4--,campion1 ,?omas--,cayley1 ,c4 ,b4--,col]idge1 ,s4 ,t4--,conway1 ,gilb]t--,cr[e1 ,william--,daniel1 ,samuel--,dryd51 ,john--,gascoigne1 ,george--,goldsmi?1 ,oliv]--,gue/1 ,edw9--,hodgson1 ,%adwor?--,hood1 ,t4 7! y\ng]7--,j5k91 ,fleem+--,johnson1 ,samuel--,k]1 ,w4 ,p4--,k+ ,james ! ,fir/ 7,six? ( ,scotl&7--,lewis1 ,c4 ,m4--,liddell1 ,m>k ,h4--,mason1 ,john--,masson1 ,david--,mayor1 ,j4 ,b4--,mit=d1 ,william--,omond1 ,t4,s4--,patmore1 ,cov5try--,poe1 ,e4 ,a4--,putt5ham1 ,george8--,rusk91 ,john--,s*ipp]1 ,j4--,%5/one1 ,william--,skeat1 ,w4 ,w4--,s\!y1 ,rob]t--,sp$d+1 ,james--,sp5s]1 ,edmund--,/eele1 ,jo%ua--,/one1 ,w4 ,j4--,symonds1 ,j4 ,a4--,!lwall1 ,john--,v]ri]1 ,m4--,wadham1 ,e4--,webbe1 ,william #ccg ,,index #cda ,,book ,i ,,introductory ,,& ,,dogmatic ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,prosody1 or ! /udy ( ! con/itution ( v]se1 01 n s long ago1 made famili>1 9 s f> z x conc]n$ ,lat91 to all p]sons educat$ above ! v l[e/ degree1 by ! pres5ce ( a tractate on ! subject z a conclusion to ! ,lat9 ,gramm>4 ,! same p]sons 7 fur!r oblig$ to a m ?an !oretical k ( x1 9 s f> z x conc]n$ t language1 by ! once univ]sal1 n[ 7z "s ?9k7 mo/ unwisely disus$ habit ( compos+ ,lat9 v]ses4 ,! great majority ( ,engli% poets1 f at lea/ ! sixte5? c5tury1 if n e>li]1 until f> into ! n9ete5?1 _h actually compos$ su* v]ses2 & ev5 m _h le>nt ! rules ( !m1 long be=e attempt+ 9 ,engli% ! "w :i* has giv5 !m _! fame4 ,x is sometimes held t ?is fact--:i* z a fact is und5iable--has _h an undue influ5ce on ! way 9 :i* ,engli% prosody has be5 reg>d$2 t x mu/ h ex]cis$ an enorm\s influ5ce on ! way 9 :i* ,engli% poetry has be5 produc$ may be d5i$1 b h>dly by any "o :o really consid]s ! fact itself1 & :o is capable ( draw+ an inf]5ce4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 a v consid]able "t be=e any attempt 0 regul>ly made to con/ruct a simil> sci5tific or arti/ic analysis = ,engli% v]se itself4 ,al?\gh ef=ts 7 made e>ly to adju/ t v]se to ! complete =ms ( ,lat9--& ( ,greek1 :i* is 9 "s respects prosodically ne>] ?an ,lat9 to ,engli%1-- al?\gh su* attempts h be5 con/antly repeat$ & are be+ cont9u$ n[1--x has always be5 impossible = any intellig5t p]son to make !m )\t f9d+ curi\s1 sometimes r indef9ite1 b extremely palpable diff]5ces & difficulties 9 ! way4 ,! diff]5ces especially h sometimes be5 exagg]at$ & m (t5 mi/ak51 & x is p>tly ow+ to ?is fact t1 up to ! pres5t mom5t1 no au?oritative body ( doctr9e on ! subject ( ,engli% prosody c be said to exi/4 ,x is believ$ by ! pres5t writ] t su* a body ( doctr9e ought to be & c be fram$--) ! con/ant proviso & w>n+ t x w be doctr9e subject1 n to ! practically inv>iable uni=mity ( ,sci5ce1 b to ! wide v>iations ( ,art1--n to ! absolute compulsion ( ! univ]sal1 b to ! comp>ative fre$om ( ! individual & p>ticul>4 ,! inquiries & consid]ations ^u :i* ?is doctr9e is bas$ w be f\nd1 at full1 9 ! l>g] "w ref]r$ to 9 ! ,preface4 ,9 ! fir/ ,book1 "h1 w be set =? ! lead+ sy/ems or pr9ciples :i* h actually und]la91 & d und]lie1 ! conflict+ views & ! discordant t]m9ology ( ! subject1 & ?is w be foll[$ by p]haps ! mo/ valuable "p1 if any be valuable1 ( ! :ole--a s]ies ( select$ passages1 scann$ & comm5t$1 f ! v beg9n+ to ! v end ( ,engli% poetry4 ,9 ! second1 a survey w be giv5 ( t actual hi/ory ( ! actual poetry :i* ought to be1 b has v seldom be51 ! basis ( e discussion on prosody4 ,9 ! ?ird a brief conspectus w be suppli$ ( ! actual op9ions :i* h be5 held on ?is subject by ^? :o h h&l$ x 9 ,engli%4 ,! f\r? w give1 9 ! fir/ place1 a ,gloss>y ( ,t]ms1 :i* appe>s to be v mu* ne$$2 9 ! second1 a li/ ( poets :o h specially influ5c$ ! c\rse ( prosody1 ) reason$ rem>ks on _! connection ) x2 9 ! ?ird1 a select$ li/ ( important metres ) _! orig9s & affiliations2 any fur!r matt] :i* may seem necess>y foll[+1 ) a %ort ,bibliography to conclude4 ,! object ( ! :ole is n m]ely to inculcate :at seems to ! au?or to be ! be/ if n ! only adequate g5]al sy/em ( ,engli% prosody1 b to provide ! /ud5t ) ample mat]ials = =m+ 8 own judgm5t on ?is difficult1 long debat$1 (t5 mi/ak51 b always1 if duly h&l$1 pr(itable & delectable matt]4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody--,,! ,,acc5tual ,,or ,,/ress ,sid5ote3 ,classical prosody uni=m 9 !ory4 ,! great difficulty att5d+ ! /udy ( ,engli% prosody1 & ! cause ( ! fact t no book hi!rto publi%$ c be said to possess actual au?ority on ! subject1 arises f ! o!r fact t no g5]al agreem5t exi/s1 or ev] has exi/$1 on ! root-pr9ciples ( ! matt]4#c ,classical writ]s on metre1 ( :om we possess a tol]able /ock1 diff]$ ) ea* o!r on _m m9or po9ts ( op9ion1 & f ea* o!r 9 ! ways 9 :i* !y attack$ ! subject4 ,b !y 7 practically agre$ t quantity 7i4e4 ! diff]5ce ( te*nical "t 9 pronunciation ( syllables7 & feet--t is to say1 c]ta9 regul> ma!matical comb9ations ( long & %ort quantity--con/itut$ metre4 ,!y _h inde$ acc5t--! lat] ,greeks c]ta9ly & ! ,lat9s probably--:i* 0 indep5d5t (1 & p]haps sometimes oppos$ to1 quantity2 b except 9 :at we call ! ante-classical times ( ,lat9 & ! po/-classical times ( bo? ,lat9 & ,greek1 x _h no?+ to d ) metrical arrangem5t4 ,!y _h diff]5t values ( long & %ort2 b ^! did n affect metre1 nor did ! fact t 9 bo? languages1 b especially 9 ,greek1 a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables 7 all[$ to be common--t is to say1 capable ( tak+ ! place ( long or %ort alike4 ,! c5tral sy/em ( prosodic arrangem5t 7till ! flood+ ( ! lat] ,empire ) b>b>ians ( v>i\s nationality & z v>i\s intonation & modes ( spee* broke x d[n altoge!r7 rema9$ ! same4 ,longs & %orts 9 ! v>i\s comb9ations & p]mutations possible1 up to ?ree syllables mo/ commonly1 up to f\r 9 few] cases1 & possibly up to five 9 /ill few]1 made up l9es :i* exp]im5t discov]$ to be h>moni\s1 & practice adopt$ z su*4 ,^! l9es 7 sometimes us$ cont9u\sly 7) or )\t c]ta9 int]nal v>iations ( feet1 consid]$ equival5t to ea* o!r71 z 9 mod]n blank v]se2 sometimes arrang$ 9 bat*es correspond+ m or less to ea* o!r1 z 9 mod]n c\plet or /anza poetry4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% n s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh ,engli% prosodi/s may sometimes agree on details1 translat$ into _! diff]5t t]m9ologies1 ! sy/ems :i* lie at ! root ( ^! t]m9ologies are almo/ irreconcilably diff]5t4 ,ev5 ! r$uction ( ^! sy/ems to ?ree types may excite prote/1 ?\gh x is believ$ t x c be made out )\t begg+ ! "q 9 fav\r ( any "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,acc5t & /ress4 ,! discord beg9s z e>ly z possible2 = !re are "s :o w\ld ma9ta9 t acc5tual sy/ems & /ress sy/ems ought n to be id5tifi$1 or ev5 associat$4 ,x is q true t ! words are te*nically us$#d ) less or m ext5sive & int5sive mean+2 b def9itions ( ea* are almo/ always driv5 to adopt ! o!r1 & 9 prosodic sy/ems !y are practically insep>able4 ,! s\nde/ di/9ction p]haps is t acc5t ref]s to ! habitual /ress laid on a syllable 9 ord9>y pronunciation2 /ress to a syllable specially acc5t$ = ?is or t reason1 logical1 rhetorical1 or prosodic purely4 ,sid5ote3 ,engli% prosody z adju/$ to !m4 ,accord+ to ?is sy/em 7or sy/ems7 ,engli% poetry consi/s ( syllables--acc5t$ or unacc5t$1 /ress$ or un/ress$--arrang$ on pr9ciples :i*1 :atev] !y may be 9 !mselves1 h no analogy to ^? ( classical feet4 ,accord+ to ! m reckless & ?or\gh-go+ acc5tuali/s--! view is express$1 ) all b its utmo/ crudity1 9 ,col]idge's celebrat$ ,preface to ,*ri/abel#e--;all y h got to d is to look to ! acc5ts4 ,crud] advocates /ill h said t acc5ts take ! place ( feet 7:i* is some?+ l say+ t po9ts take ! place ( swords71 or t unacc5t$ syllables are left to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,x has also be5 cont5d$ t ! numb] & ! position ( acc5ts or /resses give a complete & suffici5t s*eme ( ! metre4 ,& 9 "s late =ms ( /ress-prosody ! regul>ity1 actual or comp>ative1 :i* us$ to be cont5d$ = by acc5tuali/s !mselves1 is entirely giv5 up2 l9es 9 cont9u\s & app>5tly id5tical arrangem5t may h two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 or ev5 m /resses4 ,:ile yet o!rs h gone f>!r /ill & delib]ately propos$ read+ ( v]se z a prose p>agraph1 ! natural /resses ( :i* w give ! rhy?m at :i* ! au?or aim$4#f ,"s aga9 w\ld d5y ! exi/5ce ( any normal =m ( /aple l9es l ! h]oic1 di/ribut+ !m 9 b>s ( beats :i* may v>y almo/ indef9itely4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are "s acc5tuali/s :o h>dly diff]1 9 m ?an t]m9ology1 f ! uphold]s ( a foot-&-quantity sy/em4 ,!y ?9k t !re is no or little "t-quantity 9 ,engli%2 t an ,engli% long syllable is really an acc5t$ "o only1 & an ,engli% %ort syllable an unacc5t$4 ,!y w\ld n neglect ! unacc5t$ syllables2 b w\ld keep !m 9 bat*es simil> to1 if n actually homonym\s )1 feet4 ,9 fact ! diff]5ce ) !m becomes1 if n "o ( m]e t]m9ology1 "o *iefly on ! previ\s "q ( ! f9al con/itution & causation ( long & %ort syllables4 ,( ^!1 & ( a l>g] numb] :o consci\sly or unconsci\sly approa* ne>] to1 ?\gh !y d n actually ent]1 ! g-z-y-please prosody ( ! extreme /ressm51 ! majority ( ,engli% prosodi/s has ne>ly always consi/$4 ,gascoigne1 our fir/ writ] on ! subject1 belong$ to !m1 call+ acc5t itself emphasis1 & apply+ ! t]m acc5t only to ! writt5 or typographical symbols ( x2 :ile he laid great /ress on its obs]vance 9 v]se4 ,) ^? :o adopt ?is sy/em1 & its t]m9ology1 ! sub/itution ( a tro*ee = an iamb 9 ! h]oic l9e is inv]sion ( acc5t1 ! rais+ or l[]+ ( ! usual pron\nc$ value ( a syllable1 wr5*+ ( acc5t1 & s on4 ,& ! pr9cipal argum5t :i* !y advance 9 fav\r ( _! sy/em aga9/ ! foot-&-quantity s*eme is ! v l>ge preval5ce ( common syllables 9 ,engli%--an und\bt$ fact2 ?\gh ! inf]5ce does n seem to foll[4 ,sid5ote3 ,its difficulties ,! m]e use ( ! ^w unacc5t$ = %ort & acc5t$ = long does no p>ticul> h>m1 ?\gh x seems to "s clumsy1 irrational1 & n always /rictly correct ev5 f its own po9t ( view1 :ile x produces unnecess>y difficulty 9 ! case ( feet1 or sections1 ) no acc5t 9 !m--?+s :i* mo/ c]ta9ly exi/ 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,b ! mom5t t advance is made ^u ?is m]e "q ( words & names1 f> m s]i\s mis*ief arises4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ! insi/5ce on /rict acc5t1 alt]nately plac$1 l$ directly to ! monoton\s & snip-snap v]se ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 "s cases x leads1 logically & necess>ily1 to d5ial ( su* feet z ^? j m5tion$--a d5ial :i* flies /raight 9 ! face ( fact4 ,al?\gh x does n necess>ily involve1 x mo/ frequ5tly leads also to1 ! =bidd+1 ignor+1 or %uffl+ (f ( trisyllabic feet1 :i* are ! *ief glory & ! *ief *>m ( ,engli% poetry1 z sub/itut$ = dissyllabic4 ,&1 fur!r /ill1 x leads to ! mo/ extraord9>y confusion ( rhy?ms--acc5tuali/s v commonly1 if n always1 ma9ta9+ t1 inasmu* z !re are ! same numb] ( acc5t$ syllables1 x does n matt] :e!r y scan ,:n ? ,brt% wrrr quen iambically or ,:n ? ,brt% wrrr quen tro*aically1 n ? hxmtr rss ? funt9's slvry clmn dactylically or n ? hxmtr rss ? funt9's slvry clmn anap/ically4 ,fur!r /ill1 & almo/ wor/ ( all1 x leads to ! enormities ( fancy /ress above ref]r$ to1 committ$ by p :o decl9e to reg>d z long syllables n acc5t$ 9 ord9>y pronunciation4 ,sid5ote3 & insuffici5cies4 ,b its greate/ crime is its hopeless inadequacy1 pov]ty1 & begg>ly elem5t>9ess4 ,at be/ ! acc5tual prosodi/1 unless he is a quantitative "o 9 disguise1 conf9es himself to ! m]e skeleton ( ! l9es1 & neglects _! delicately =m$ & s(tly col\r$ fle% & memb]s4 ,to leave unacc5t$ syllables z x 7 to take c>e ( !mselves is to make prosody m]e s+song or patt]4 ,f9ally1 x may be obs]v$ t1 9 all acc5tual or /ress prosodies :i* are n utt]ly loose & desultory1 !re is a t5d5cy to multiply exceptions1 provisos1 m9or classifications to suit p>ticul> cases1 & ! l1 s t ,engli% prosody assumes ! aspect1 n ( a comb9ation ( g5]al ord] & individual fre$om1 b ( a tangle ( by-laws & p>tial regulations4 ,unnecess>y :5 x is n mis*iev\s1 mis*iev\s :5 x is /rictly & logically c>ri$ out1 ! acc5tual sy/em d]ives its only support f ! fact above m5tion$ 7! l>ge numb] ( common syllables to be f\nd 9 ,engli%71 f ! actual exi/5ce ( x 9 ,old ,engli% be=e ! language & ! poetry _h be5 modifi$ by ,romance admixture1 & f an unsci5tific application ( ! true proposition t ! classical & ! ,engli% prosodies are 9 "s respects radically diff]5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,examples ( its application4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 ( c\rse be prop] to give examples ( ! mann] 9 :i* acc5tual 7or /ress7 scansion is work$ by its own p>tisans & expon5ts4 ,_! common =mula = ! ,engli% h]oic l9e 9 its normal aspect is #exa3#g ,:at ft 0 ?ught1 b n'er s wll expr/4 ,if !y meet ) a trisyllabic foot1 z 9 ,& many an amor\s1 many a humor\s lay1 !y ei!r admit two unacc5t$ syllables betwe5 ! acc5ts1 or sugge/ slur or synalpha or elision 7man-yan71 ?is la/ especially tak+ place ) ! def9ite article ! 7?'74 ,b ?is la/ process ne$ n be insi/$ on by acc5tuali/s1 ?\gh x mu/ by ! next class we %all come to4 ,x is common1 if n univ]sal1 = acc5tual prosodi/s to hold t two acc5ts mu/ n come toge!r1 s t !y are tr\bl$ by t d\ble l9e ( ,milton's :]e ! end+ & beg9n+ run-- ,b? /od ,b? trn$1 ,!y admit occasional inv]sion ( acc5t 7tro*aic sub/itution7--especially at ! op5+ ( a v]se1--z 9 ! l9e :i* ,milton beg9s ) ,mk]2 b1 :5 !y hold fa/ to _! pr9ciples1 dislike x mu* 9 o!r cases1 z1 = in/ance1 9 flls to ! grund4 ,& !y compla9 :5 ! acc5t :i* !y ?9k necess>y falls1 z !y call x1 on "o ( two weak syllables1 z 9 ,& :54 ,?is old] & simpl] s*ool1 h[ev]1 repres5t$ by ,johnson1 has be5 l>gely supplem5t$ by ano!r1 ^: memb]s use ! t]m /ress or ictus 9 pref]5ce to acc5t1 & to a great] or less ext5t give up ! attempt to e/abli% normality ( l9e at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,its v>i\s sects & support]s4 ,"s ( !m#h admit l9es ( f\r1 ?ree1 or ev5 two /resses1 z1 = in/ance-- ,8 mni/]s ( vngeance & pursx4 ,o!rs#i break x up into b>s or sections :i* ne$ n conta9 ! same or any fix$ numb] ( beats or /resses1 :ile "s aga9#aj seem to reg>d ! /resses ( a :ole passage z supply+1 l ^? ( a prose p>agraph1 a suffici5t rhy?mical skeleton ! fle% ( :i*--! unacc5t$ or un/ress$ "p--is all[$ to huddle itself on & %uffle itself along z x pleases4 ,?is s*ool has receiv$ l>ge rec5t accessions2 b ev5 n[ ! great] numb] ( acc5tuali/s d little m ?an es*ew ! t]ms ( quantity1 & sub/itute = !m ^? ( acc5t1 m or less consi/5tly4 ,_m ( !m ev5 use ! classical names & divisions ( feet2 & ) ^! !re ne$ n1 accord+ to /rict necessity1 be any qu>rel1 s9ce _! error1 if x be "o1 only affects ! con/itution ( prosodic mat]ial be=e x is v]se at all1 & n ! actual prosodic arrangem5t ( v]se z su*4 ,,footnotes3 #c ,or1 x may be add$1 on its t]m9ology2 :5ce x results t !re is no subject on :i* x is s difficult to write )\t be+ con/antly misund]/ood4 ,x is p]haps n surpris+ t "s p almo/ d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,engli% prosody itself1 & decl9e at any rate to take x s]i\sly2 :ile o!rs talk ab\t x 9 ways :i* half ju/ify ! sceptics4 #d ,x is inevitable1 9 deal+ ) ?is subject1 t te*nicalities1 hi/orical & lit]>y ref]5ces1 etc41 %\ld be pl5tifully employ$4 ,to expla9 !m always 9 ! text w\ld mean endless & disgu/+ delay & repetition2 to give notes ( cross-ref]5ce 9 e case w\ld bri/le ! l[] "p ( ! page unnecess>ily & hide\sly4 ,n m]ely ! ,cont5ts & ,index1 b ! v>i\s ,gloss>ies & ,li/s 9 ! ,f\r? ,book h be5 expressly arrang$ to supply explanation & assi/ance 9 ! lea/ tr\blesome & mo/ comp5di\s mann]4 ,b special ref]5ces w be giv5 :5 !y seem absolutely necess>y4 #e ,see on ?is 9 ,book ,,iii4 #f ,see ! article 9 ,gloss>y on ,musical & ,rhetorical ,arrangem5ts ( ,v]se1 & ,rule #da1 infra1 p4 #ce4 #g ,?is =mula seems due to ,la?am1 ! compil] ( a well-kn[n "w on ,language4 ,! foot-division m>k has be5 sometimes adopt$ 7by ,gue/7 & def5d$ 7by ,pr(essor ,skeat1 :o1 h[ev]1 does n p]sonally employ x7 z a sub/itute = ! acc5t m>k4 ,= argum5ts aga9/ ?is :i* seem to ! pres5t writ] /rong1 see ,h4 ,e4 ,p4 i4 #h1 & iii4 #bgf1 #edd-ede4 #h ,( :om ! mo/ important by f> is ,mr4 ,bridges1 ?\gh he has nev]1 ,i ?9k1 r$uc$ ! numb] to two1 or increas$ x above five4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 h admitt$ eight6 #i ,e4g4 ,mr4 ,?omson1 ,sir ,w4 ,m',cormick1 ,m4 ,v]ri]4 #aj ,e4g4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds1 ,mr4 ,hewlett4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody--,,! ,,syllabic ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory ( ! syllabic !ory4 ,a /rictly syllabic sy/em ( prosody has h>dly at any "t be5 a suffici5t key1 ev5 9 appe>ance1 to ,engli% v]se4 ,b x has pres]v$ a curi\s insi/5ce ( pret5sion1 & ! /udy ( x is ( great & in=m+ prosodic int]e/4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 ,fr5* 9 orig9--,fr5* prosody1 except 9 ecc5tric in/ances1 has be5 f ! fir/1 & is to ! pres5t day1 /rictly syllabic4 ,x is innocu\s 9 s f> z 9 ! words octosyllable1 decasyllable1 f\rte5]1 & ! l1 ! irr$ucible syllabic m9imum 7save by lic5ce ( c]ta9 metres7 is conv5i5tly indicat$4 ,9 s e>ly an example z ,orm 7v4 inf47 we f9d x c>ri$ out exactly & lit]ally4 ,b ! inh]it$ _s ( ,old ,engli%1 surviv+ & resi/+ all *anges & re9=cem5ts ( vocabul>y1 acc5t1 & ev]y?+ else1 w h none ( x4 ,9 ! fifte5]#aa itself2 9 its sequel & pres]v]1 ballad measure2 9 octosyllabic c\plet--n m]ely 9 ! loose =m ( ,g5esis & ,exodus1 b to "s ext5t ev5 9 ! /rict "o ( ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale2 9 almo/ all mix$ modes1 :5 once !y h brok5 free f direct copy+ ( ,fr5* or ,prov5al1 x is ca/ to ! w9ds4 ,x c only be introduc$ into ,*auc]1 z f> z 8 h]oic c\plet is conc]n$1 by p]petual violations ( probability1 docum5t1 & rhy?m4 ,ev5 9 ,g[]1 ! pr9cipal repres5tative ( x1 & "o :o probably did aim at x1 !re are "s c]ta91 & _m probable1 lapses f /rict obs]vance4 ,b 9 ! l+ui/ic & phonetic *anges ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ) ! consequ5t decad5ce ( orig9al lit]>y poetry1 ! pr9ciple ( syllabic lib]ty deg5]ates into intol]able lic5ce1 & ! dogg]el :i* result$1 aft] triumph+ or at lea/ exi/+ = "s g5]ations1 provok$ consid]able reaction 9 practice & a /ill m consid]able mi/ake 9 pr9ciple4 ,wyatt1 ,surrey1 & _! successors 9 ! middle ( ! c5tury & ! fir/ half ( ,elizabe?'s reign1 are pretty /rict syllabically2 & x 0 f _! practice1 d\btless1 t ,gascoigne--"o ( ! la/ ( ! gr\p1 b our fir/ ,engli% precepti/ 9 prosody--conceiv$ ! idea t ,engli% has b "o foot1 ( two syllables4 ,sp5s]'s practice 9 ! ,%eph]d's ,kal5d> is n :olly 9 accordance ) ?is2 b ev5 he came ne> to obs]v+ x lat]1 & ! e>ly blank-v]se writ]s 7 pa9fully scrupul\s 9 ?is respect4 ,b x 0 inevitable t blank v]se1 & especially dramatic blank v]se1 %\ld break ?r\gh ^! re/ra9ts2 & 9 ! h&s ( ,%akespe>e x soon %[$ t ! greate/ ,engli% v]se simply paid no att5tion at all to syllabic limitations2 :ile lyric1 ?\gh r sl[]1 0 n s v sl[ to indulge itself to "s ext5t1 z x 0 tempt$ by triple-tim$ music4 ,! excesses1 h[ev]1 ( ! decay$ blank v]se ( ! ,fir/ ,c>ol9e p]iod jo9$ ) ^? ( ! enjamb$ c\plet1 ?\gh ^! 7 n /rictly syllabic1 to ?r[ lib]ty into discr$it2 & ! gr[? & popul>ity ( ! /rict clos$ c\plet enc\rag$ a fre% delusion--t ,engli% prosody ought to be syllabic4 ,dryd5 himself to "s ext5t c\nt5anc$ ?is1 ?\gh he indemnifi$ himself by ! free use ( ! ,alex&r9e1 or ev5 ( ! f\rte5]1 9 decasyllabics4 ,! example ( ,milton 0 = "s "t n imitat$1 & has ev5 to ?is day be5 misund]/ood4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,dryd5's own dea?1 9 ! tempor>y decad5ce ( ! poetic _s1 syllabic prosody made a bold bid = absolute rule4 ,9 ! ye> #agjb ,edw>d ,bys%e1 publi%+#ab ! fir/ detail$ & positive manual ( ,engli% prosody1 laid x d[n1 )\t qualification or apology1 t ! /ructure ( our v]ses1 :e!r blank or rhym+1 consi/s 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables2 n 9 feet compos$ ( long or %ort syllables1 z ! v]ses ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,& al?\gh all ,bys%e's details1 :i*1 z w be se5 bel[1 7 rigidly arrang$ on ^! pr9ciples--s t he made no di/9ction betwe5 v]se ( triple "t 7?\gh he grudg+ly & almo/ tacitly admitt$ x7 & v]se ( d\ble1 z su*1--7 n adopt$ by o!rs1 8 doctr9e 0 always 7save 9 a v few in/ances to be duly notic$ lat]7 implicitly1 & (t5 explicitly1 ! doctr9e ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,nor has ?is ev] lo/ a c]ta9 measure ( support2 :ile x is v curi\s t ! few =eign /ud5ts ( ,engli% prosody :o h aris5 9 late ye>s are usually incl9$ to x4 ,"o difficulty 9 x1 h[ev]1 c\ld nev] escape its mo/ p]emptory devotees2 & a %ift = meet+ x mu/ h be5 devis$ at ! same "t z ! doctr9e4 ,x 0 all v well to lay d[n t ,engli% v]se mu/ consi/ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables2 b x c\ld escape no "o :o _h ev] read a volume or ev5 a few pages ( ,engli% poetry1 t x did consi/ ( a v unc]ta9 numb] ( !m4 ,! problem 01 !re=e1 h[ to get rid ( ! surplus :]e x exi/$4 ,x 0 met by rec\rse to t v classical prosody :i* 0 9 o!r respects be+ d5i$1 & by ! adoption ( ru?less elision or cru%+ out ( ! suppos$ sup]fluities4 ,?is involv$ n m]ely elision prop]--! vani%+ or metrical ignor+ ( a v[el at ! end ( a ^w be=e a v[el 7or an h7 at ! beg9n+ ( ano!r1 ?7'_/e7 ,almighty1 t7'_/o7 admire4 ,application ( a simil> process to ! int]ior ( words l vi7'_/o7let1 di7'_/a7mond1 0 inculcat$1 & 9 fact insi/$ on2 & ev5 :]e consonants prec$$ & foll[$ a v[el ( ! easily slurrable k9d1 z 9 watery1 ! suppression ( ! e & sometimes ev5 ( o!r v[els--del7'_/i7cate--0 prescrib$4 ,sid5ote3 ,its results4 ,!re may possibly be two op9ions 7?\gh x seems /range t !re %\ld be7 on ! /hetic results ( ?is proce$+4 ,to ! pres5t writ] !y seem utt]ly hide\s2 :ile ! admission ( ! full syllables seems melodi\s & satisfy+4 ,x may also be po9t$ out t !re is a v tell-tale "* ab\t ! fact t n a few prosodi/s :o def5d elision 9 pr9ciple def5d x only z a metrical fiction1 & ev5 lay d[n positively t ! elid$ syllables are always to be pron\nc$4#ac ,b x is f> less matt] ( op9ion--if x is ev5 matt] ( op9ion at all--fir/1 t ?is process ( mangl+ & monotonis+ ,engli% poetry is unnecess>y2 &1 secondly1 t x is inconsi/5t ) ! hi/oric developm5t ( ! language & ! lit]ature4 ,t x is unnecess>y w1 x is hop$1 be demon/rat$ 9 ! next ( ^! ,introductory ,*apt]s2 & t x is unhi/orical ! :ole body ( ! hi/orical survey to foll[ w %[4 ,& ano!r objection ( great importance c be made good at once & "h4 ,! rigid obs]vance ( ! syllabic sy/em produces1 & _c b produce1 an intol]able monotony--a monotony :i* has made ! fav\rite v]se ( ! eighte5? c5tury positively 7if p]haps excessively & unreasonably7 loa?some to succe$+ g5]ations4 ,x w\ld be condemn$ by ?is1 if x _h no o!r fault2 :ile x has1 z a matt] ( fact1 h>dly a virtue4 ,x 0 tri$ once = all by ,orm1 & fail$ once = all1 9 ! beg9n+ ( mod]n ,engli%1 & x has nev] be5 tri$ 9 practice or ma9ta9$ 9 !ory s9ce )\t validat+ inf]ior poetry & disc\rag+ good4#ad ,,footnotes3 #aa ,= ! almo/ necess>y prec$5ce1 ow+ to ! inflexional e1 ( ! f\rte5] by ?is1 & = expansion & explanation ( o!r hi/oric facts m5tion$ 9 ?is *apt]1 see ,scann$ ,conspectus & ,books ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 #ab ,see ,bibliography & ,book ,,iii4 #ac ,?is1 x may be po9t$ out1 is 9 flat contradiction to ! old] doctr9e (1 = in/ance1 ,dryd51 t no v[el c be cut out be=e ano!r 9 scansion :i* is n s 9 pronunciation4 #ad ,examples "h c h>dly be ne$$4 ,at any rate1 "o 7,%5/one's1 v4 inf41 own7 may suffice3 ,! loose wall tott]+ o'er ! trembl+ %ade1 ,sid5ote3 ,cautions4 ,"h syllabic prosody w\ld pron\nce1 & 9 /rictness spell1 tott'r+4--,?is is p]haps z good a place z any to make "s rem>ks on ! connection ( syllables ) ,engli% prosody4 ,9 t prosody !re are no extrametrical syllables1 except at ! end ( l9es1 & 7mu* m d\btfully7 at ! csura1 :i* is a sort ( end4 ,e syllable t occurs else:]e mu/ be "p (1 or con/itute1 a foot2 & x is = ?is reason t ! ,rules foll[+ beg9 ) feet1 n syllables4 ,x is practically impossible1 9 _m1 if n 9 mo/ cases1 to tell ! prosodic value ( an ,engli% syllable1 or an ,engli% ^w1 till y see x 9 actual v]se4--,aga91 al?\gh !re are1 ( c\rse1 innum]able in/ances :]e a foot co9cides ) a ^w1 ! composition ( ! foot out ( syllables belong+ to diff]5t words1 z 9 ,! ?und] ( ! trumpets ( ! night1 or ,to settle ! succession ( ! /ate1 is usually m effective4--,&1 la/ly1 al?\gh !re h1 at diff]5t times1 be5 /range prejudices aga9/ ! use ( monosyllables & ( polysyllables1 ^! prejudices are1 9 bo? cases1 :olly unreasonable4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody--,,! ,,foot ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al if n always consi/5t use ( ! t]m foot4 ,al?\gh ! acc5tual & ! syllabic sy/ems--sometimes sep>ate1 b (t5] comb9$--h1 on ! :ole1 dom9at$ ,engli% precepti/ prosody almo/ f ! "t :5 x fir/ began to be =mally /udi$1 !re has1 until v rec5tly1 be5 a con/ant t5d5cy to bl5d ) ^!1 if n ! full acceptance1 at any rate a c]ta9 borr[+1 ( ! t]m9ology ( a ?ird sy/em--! foot-&-quantity "o1 s well kn[n 9 ! classical prosodies4 ,n be=e ,bys%e 7c4 #agjj7 d y f9d any positive d5ial ( feet4 ,gascoigne 7c4 #aegj7 talks ( !m2 ,milton speaks ( committ+ %ort & long2 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ?\gh us+ a /rict acc5t-&-syllable s*eme1 admits 7:e!r ) absolute accuracy or n does n matt]7 t our h]oic v]se is d]iv$ f ! iambic4 ,& 9 m mod]n times1 f ,mit=d d[nw>ds1 argum5ts aga9/ ! applicability ( ! t]ms 9 ,engli% h n unfrequ5tly be5 f\nd consi/5t ) an occasional1 if n a regul>1 employm5t ( !m4 ,9 fact1 no?+ b a curi\s suspicion1 z ( some?+ cabali/ical 9 !m1 c prev5t _! use1 or ! use ( "s mu* m clumsy & inconv5i5t equival5ts--b>s1 beats1 sections1 :at n2#ae = t use is bas$ on ! mo/ unalt]able ( all ?+s1 except ! laws ( ?\ght1 ! laws ( ma!matics4 ,ev]ybody1 :atsoev] 8 prosodic sect1 admits t v]se consi/s ( alt]nations ( two values--"s w\ld say ( m ?an two1 b t only complicates ! application ( an un*ang$ argum5t4 ,n[ ! possible comb9ations ( two diff]5t ?+s1 9 successive num]ical units ( two1 ?ree1 f\r1 etc41 are n arbitr>y1 b naturally fix$2 & ! names ( feet--iambic1 tro*aic1 dactylic1 etc4--are m]ely tickets = ^! comb9ations4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>ticul> objections to its sy/ematic use4 ,! reasons ( ! objection h be5 v>i\s1 & are p]haps n always fully /at$1 or ev5 fully appreciat$1 by ^? :o advance !m4 ,x is mo/ common p]haps n[ 7?\gh x 0 n s =m]ly7 to f9d ! objection itself lodg$ ?us--t ! s-call$ ,engli% iambs1 anap/s1 etc41 are diff]5t ?+s f ! feet s call$ 9 ,greek or ,lat94 ,?is is suffici5tly met by ! reply t !y are naturally s1 ! languages be+ diff]5t1 & t all t is necess>y is t ! ,engli% foot %\ld /& to ,engli% prosody z ! ,lat9 or ,greek foot does to ,lat9 or ,greek1 t is to say1 z ! necess>y & con/itu5t middle /age betwe5 ! syllable & ! l9e4 ,b a less vague &1 9 appe>ance at lea/1 m solid objection is t ! ,lat9 & ! ,greek foot 7 con/itut$ out ( def9ite quantities atta*+ to def9ite syllables1 & t !re is no syllabic quantity 9 ,engli%1 ?\gh !re may be v[el quantity4 ,& ?is objection is g5]ally1 if n always1 bas$ on or back$ by a fur!r "o1 t quantity dep5ds directly on "t ( pronunciation2 :ile ?is aga9 is support$1 /ill fur!r back1 by elaborate discussions ( acc5t & quantity1#af by d5ials t acc5t c con/itute quantity1 & by le>n$ expatiations 9 que/ ( pro( t ,greeks & ,romans scann$ _! v]ses z !y did n pron\nce !m--t !re 0 a sort ( amicable pit*$ battle1 always go+ on1 betwe5 quantity & acc5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,quantity 9 ,engli%4 ,n[ x c be easily %[n t1 ev5 if ^! cont5tions z to classical v]se be accept$ 7& "s ( !m are v d\btful71 !y supply no sort ( b> to ! application ( ! foot sy/em1 ) su* quantity z x requires1 to ,engli%4 ,x is q true t ! proportion ( syllables ( absolutely fix$ quantity--t is fix$ capacity ( fill+ up :at corresponds to ! long or %ort places ( a classical v]se--is1 9 ,engli%1 v small4 ,!re are "s :i* ! e> discov]s by ! awkw>dness ( ! s\nd :5 !y are =c$ into a %ort place4 ,s also !re are "s :i*--by ! co9cid5ce ( v[el quality1 position1 & abs5ce ( acc5t--x is practically impossible to put into a long place1 su* z ! second syllable ( ,deity4 ,nor are :at are call$ long v[el s\nds--! s\nds ( rte1 fte1 bat1 urope1 m51 wkw>d1 etc4--always suffici5t to make a syllable inflexibly long2 ?\gh !y may be sometimes4 ,aga91 ! extreme/ %ortness ( v[el s\nd1 z 9 & or if1 w n prev5t su* syllables f be+ indubitably long 9 c]ta9 values & collocations4 ,sid5ote3 ,! common syllable4 ,9 o!r words1 t peculi>ity ( be+ common--t is to say1 ( be+ capable ( hold+ ei!r position--:i* 0 f> f unkn[n 9 ! classical languages1 is v mu* m preval5t 9 ,engli%4 ,x w\ld be q false to say t e syllable 9 ,engli% is common2 b x is sc>cely at all false to say t almo/ e ,engli% monosyllable is1 & an extremely l>ge proportion ( o!rs4 ,! me?ods & movem5ts by :i* ?is commonness is turn$ into l5g? or %ortness = ! purposes ( ! poet are obvi\s en\gh1 & 9 practice und5iable2 ?\gh ! processes ( pr(essional phonetics sometimes t5d to obscure or ev5 to d5y !m4 ,e well-educat$ & well-br$ ,engli%man1 :o has be5 accu/om$ to read poetry & utt] spee* c>efully1 kn[s t :5 he emphasises a syllable l &1 if1 !1 etc41 x becomes :at ! ,g]mans w\ld call v]sfhig--capable ( p]=m+ its metrical duty--9 ! long position2 t :5 he does n1 x is n s capable4 ,e "o kn[s 9 practice1 ?\gh x may be d5i$ 9 !ory1 t simil> l5g!n+#ag foll[s ! d\bl+ ( a consonant aft] a %ort v[el1 or ! plac+ ( a gr\p ( consonants ( diff]5t k9ds aft] x--! v[el-s\nd runn+1 z x 71 "u ! p5?\se ( consonants till x em]ges4 ,extreme l\dness & %>pness w\ld h ! same effect 9 conv]sation1 b1 unless v obvi\sly sugge/$ by s5se1 w\ld escape notice 9 sil5t read+4 ,n v seldom1 ! m]e art ( ! poet w get weight en\gh on a %ort syllable to fit x = its place z long1 or conjure away f a long "o l5g? en\gh to enable x to act z %ort4 ,at any rate1 x is ) ^! two values1 & ) syllables end[$ ) !m by cu/om1 incid5tal effect1 place1 s5se1 ! poet's sleight ( h&1 or o!rwise1 t ! ,engli% poet deals2 & has dealt1 ev] s9ce a p]iod impossible to nail d[n ) exactness to ye> or decade1 b beg9n+1 p]haps1 e>ly 9 ! twelf? c5tury & p]fect+ itself 9 ! ?irte5? & lat]4 ,& imp>tial exam9ation ( ! :ole facts f t p]iod %[s t he deals ) !m on a sy/em1 9 e>ly times no d\bt almo/ or q unconsci\sly adopt$1 b p]fectly recognisable4 ,9 /ill e>li] or ,old ,engli% v]se ?is sy/em is n disc]nible at all2 9 ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ,middle ,engli% x is disc]nible1 /ruggl+ to get itself into %ape4 ,lat]1 ) advances & relapses1 x p]fects itself absolutely4 ,its pr9ciples are z foll[s3-- ,sid5ote3 ,int]m$iate rules ( arrangem5t4 ,e ,engli% v]se consi/s ( a c]ta9 numb] ( feet1 made up ( long & %ort syllables1 ea* ( :i* is ( equal consequ5ce 9 ! g5]al composition ( ! l9e4 ,! correspond5ce ( ! foot arrangem5ts betwe5 diff]5t l9es con/itutes ! l9k betwe5 !m1 & det]m9es _! g5]al "*4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s int]im rules ( feet 7exp&$ 9 note74 ,b ?is correspond5ce ne$ n be limit$ to repetition ( feet compos$ ( a fix$ & id5tical numb] ( syllables 9 ! same ord]2 on ! contr>y1 ! be/ v]se admits ( l>ge sub/itution ( feet ( diff]5t syllabic l5g?1 provid$--7#a7 t ^! are equal or ne>ly equal 9 prosodic value to ^? = :i* !y are sub/itut$2 7#b7 t ! sub/itut$ feet g rhy?mically well ) ^? next to :i* !y are plac$4#ah ,a full] li/ ( obs]v$ rules = ,engli% v]se g5]ally w be f\nd 9 ! next *apt]1 b betwe5 ! two a set ( rem>ks1 specially on ! foot1 may be extract$ f ! l>g] ,hi/ory1 vol4 i4 pp4 #hb-hd4 ,e ,engli% v]se :i* has dis5gag$ itself f ! v]sicle#a is compos$1 & all v]ses t are dis5gag+ !mselves !refrom %[ a nisus t[>ds be+ compos$1 ( feet ( "o1 two1 or ?ree syllables4 ,! foot ( "o syllable is always long1 /rong1 /ress$1 acc5t$1 :at-n4#ai ,! foot ( two syllables usually consi/s ( "o long & "o %ort syllable1 & ?\gh x is n ess5tial t ei!r %\ld come fir/1 ! %ort prec$es r m commonly4 ,! foot ( ?ree syllables nev] has m ?an "o long syllable 9 x1 & t syllable1 save 9 ! mo/ exceptional rhy?ms1 is always ! fir/ or ! ?ird4 ,9 mod]n poetry1 by no means usually1 b n seldom1 x has no long syllable at all4 ,! foot ( "o syllable is practically n f\nd except a1 ,9 ! fir/ place ( a l9e4 b1 ,9 ! la/ place ( x4 c1 ,at a /rong csura or break1 x be+ almo/ inv>iably necess>y t ! voice %\ld re/ on x long en\gh to supply ! miss+ companion to make up ! equival5t ( a "t & a half at lea/4 d1 ,9 v exceptional cases :]e ! same trick ( ! voice is us$ ap>t f /rict csura4 ,! foot ( two syllables & t ( ?ree may1 subject to ! rules bel[1 be f\nd any:]e4 ,b3 ,^! feet ( two & ?ree syllables may be v freely sub/itut$ = ea* o!r4 ,!re is a c]ta9 metrical & rhy?mical norm ( ! l9e :i* mu/ n be confus$ by too frequ5t sub/itutions4 ,9 no case1 or 9 h>dly any case1#bj mu/ su* comb9ations be put toge!r s t a juxtaposition ( m ?an ?ree %ort syllables results4 ,b1 = ! purpose ( ?is pres5t book1 illu/ration & example are ( mu* m value ?an ab/ract exposition2 & to !m we %all n[ turn4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 is a l9e f ,t5nyson's ,brook3 ,tw9kl$ ! innum]able e> & tail4 ,sid5ote3 ,! diff]5t sy/ems appli$ to a s+le v]se ( ,t5nyson's1 ,n[ ! sy/em :i* reg>ds syllabic precision fir/ ( all1 ) a m9or glance at acc5t1 b rejects feet1 surveys ?is l9e & pron\nces x passable ) ! elision ,tw9kl$ ?' innum]able e> & tail1 b r %akes its head at ! abs5ce ( acc5t1 or ! slight & weak acc5t1 9 innum]able1 & ! inv]sion ( acc5t 9 twnkl$4 ,! sy/em :i* looks at acc5t fir/ ( all pron\nces t !re are only f\r prop] acc5ts /resses "h3 ,twnkl$ ! innm]able ar & til4 ,bo? ^! sy/ems1 moreov]--! syllabic1 z f> z x recognises acc5t2 ! acc5tual1 ( necessity1--reg>d tw9kl$ z ! admittance 7p>donable1 c5surable1 or q condemnable1 accord+ to individual !ory7 ( wr5*$ acc5t1 inv]t$ /ress1 or some?+ ( ! k9d--z a ?+ abnormal & lic5ti\s4 ,! foot sy/em simply scans x-- ,twnkld ? nnmrbl ar nd til2 reg>d+ tw9kl$ z a tro*ee sub/itut$ 9 full "r = an iamb1 & ! innu- z an anap/ 9 l case2 m] z rais$1 by a lib]ty n out ( accordance ) ! actual d]ivation1 to a suffici5tly long quantity = its position1 & ! o!r two feet z pure iambs4 ,sid5ote3 & _! application exam9$4 ,n[ let u exam9e ^! ?ree views4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! b>e syllabic view 7:i*1 x is fair to say1 is almo/ obsolete1 save among =eign]s1 ?\gh 9 consi/5cy x ought to f9d def5d]s at home7 takes no acc\nt ( any special quality 9 ! l9e at all4 ,x is turn$ out to sample2 ! knife is appli$ at ?' to fit specification2 & !re y are4 ,x diff]s only f ,s\!y's fav\rite h]oic ejaculation ,aballiboozabanganorribo6 9 be+ less pure4 ,! syllabic-plus-acc5tual view passes x2 b ) c]ta9 res]vations4 ,tw9kl$ is an ab]ration1 a lic5ce p]haps 79 "s views c]ta9ly71 a m or ev5 less v5ial s91 :ile -ble ) a 9 a /ress$ or acc5t$ place is a case = m head-%ak+ /ill4 ,! l9e is sav$2 yet s z by fire4 ,s is x "u ! loos] /ress-acc5tual sy/em1 b by a fire m dev\r+ /ill4 ,accord+ to ?is latt]1 all rhy?mical simil>ity ) its companion five-/ress l9es is lo/ on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r a jumble1 ) difficulty readable & absolutely het]og5e\s1 is creat$ 9 ! l9e itself4 ,y\r fir/ rhy?mical m\?ful is tw9k-1 !n y gabble ov] l$ ! inn- till y re/ on ?is la/2 !n y repeat ! process 7z soon z y h brea? en\gh7 ) -m]able e>1 & f9ally y rea* & tail4 ,b y nev] f9d y\r fif? /ress1 & in/ead ( cont9u\s blank v]se y make ! context a sort ( clumsy ,p9d>ic4#ba ,ev5 if ?is la/ description be reg>d$ z exagg]at$1 x w rema9 a sob] fact t1 9 all ^! h&l+s1 ei!r ! beauty ( ! l9e is obscur$ altoge!r1 or x is smuggl$ (f z a lic5ce1 or x is conv]t$ into some?+ individual1 sep>at$ f its neighb\rs1 & possess+ no k9%ip to !m4 ,yet ! l9e1 ?\gh n a wond] & a wild desire1 is a good "o2 & 7!re9 diff]+ f _! eighte5?-c5tury ance/ors7 ! syllabi/s & acc5tuali/s w\ld mo/ly n[adays all[ ?is1 ?\gh _! pr9ciples h to submit x to privilegia & all[ances to make x out4 ,! foot arrangem5t makes no difficulty1 ne$s no privilegium1 & necess>ily applies none4 ,! l9e is at once recognis$ by ! e> z a good l9e & correspond5t to its neighb\rs1 :i*1 z a body1 & also at once :5 a few h be5 read1 in=m$ t e> t !y 7 five-foot l9es ( iambic basis4 ,!re=e x w l5d itself to foot-arrangem5t on t norm4 ,! five feet may be iambs1 tro*ees1 anap/s1 spondees1 tribra*s1 & p]haps 7?is is a "q ( e>7 dactyls & pyrrhics4 ,^! may be sub/itut$ = ea* o!r z ! e> %all dictate1 provid$ t ! g5]al iambic base is n ov]?r[n or unduly obscur$4 ,fur!r1 ^! feet are compos$ ( long & %ort syllables1 ! l5g? & %ortness ( :i* is det]m9$ to "s ext5t by ord9>y pronunciation1 b subject to v>i\s modify+ influ5ces ( position & juxtaposition4 ,"u ^? laws to :i* all its companions are equally & inevitably subject1 mutatis mut&is1 x makes itself out z above3 ,twnkld ? nnmrbl ar nd til-- tro*ee1 anap/1 iamb1 iamb1 iamb4 ,! ju/ification ( 9 ble has already be5 p>tly giv52 x may be add$ t 9 ! actual pronunciation ( ! ^w by good speak]s !re is a second>y acc5t 7z !y call x7 on ! syllable4 ,"h !re is no /ra9+1 no private bill legislation1 no sep>at+ ( ! l9e f its fell[s1 only a reasonable ,reign ( ,law ) reasonable easem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,application fur!r to 8 ,hollyhock song4 ,let u n[ take a m complicat$ in/ance1 also f ,t5nyson4 ,9 t poet's fir/ volume !re 0 a ,song :i*1 unlike mo/ ( its fell[s1 rema9$ practically unalt]$ amid ! great *anges :i* he introduc$ lat]4 ,x has1 ,i believe1 always be5 a special fav\rite ) ^? :o h be5 mo/ 9 sympa?y ) 8 poetry4 ,b1 ne>ly tw5ty ye>s aft] its fir/ appe>ance1 x 0 describ$ by no ill-qualifi$ judge 7an admir] ( ,t5nyson on ! :ole7 9 ! words giv5 9 ! note3#bb & ,i believe x _h be5 simil>ly object$ to e>li]4 ,n[ :at 7 ! l9es t excit$ ?is cry ( agonis$ indignation8 ,!y are z foll[s3-- ,a _s haunts ! ye>'s la/ h\rs ,dwell+ amid ^! yell[+ b[]s3 ,to himself he talks2 ,= at ev5tide1 li/5+ e>ne/ly1 ,at 8 "w y may he> him sob & sigh ,9 ! walks2 ,e>?w>d he b[e? ! heavy /alks ,( ! m\ld]+ fl[]s3 ,heavily hangs ! broad sunfl[] ,ov] its grave 9 ! e>? s *illy2 ,heavily hangs ! hollyhock1 ,heavily hangs ! tig]-lily4 ,n[ x is n v difficult to p]ceive ! defects ( ?is extremely beautiful ?+ 9 ! eyes ( a syllabic-acc5tuali/1 z ?is critic 7:e!r kn[+ x or n7 probably 04 ,! syllabi/s h always1 by a p]haps natural ?\gh p]haps also irrational ext5sion ( _! ari?metical prepossession1 dislik$ l9es ( irregul> l5g? on ! page4 ,bys%e w\ld h b>r$ /anzas2 a v few ye>s be=e ,t5nyson's book1 ,cr[e1 !n ,public ,orator at ,ox=d1 _h prote/$ aga9/ ! exquisite l9e-adju/m5ts ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,to ! pure acc5tuali/s ! ?+ might seem an unholy jumble1 acc5t$ irregul>ly1 irregul>ly arrang$ 9 numb]1 seem+ly obs]v+ diff]5t rhy?ms 9 diff]5t p>ts4 ,n[ see h[ x looks "u ! foot sy/em3 ,a spirit haunts ! ye>'s la/ h\rs ,dwell+ amid ^! yell[+ b[]s3 ,to himself he talks2 ,= at ev5tide1 li/en+ e>ne/ly1 ,at 8 "w y may he> him sob & sigh ,9 ! walks2 ,e>?w>d he b[e? ! heavy /alks ,( ! m\ld]+ fl[]s3 ,heavily hangs ! broad sunfl[] ,ov] its grave 9 ! e>? s *illy2 ,heavily hangs ! hollyhock1 ,heavily hangs ! tig]-lily-- ! feet be+ sometimes1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! l9es1 monosyllabic1 & ( c\rse ( "o long syllable only 7ar?-1 ,ha-1 -72 sometimes dissyllabic1 iambic ma9ly1 b occasionally at lea/ semi-spondaic-- sprt hunts ? yar's l/ hurs2 (t5 trisyllabic1 & !n always anap/ic-- ,fr t vntde l/nng arn/l4 ,ev5 s e>ly 9 ! pres5t book ?is %\ld ne$ little comm5t2 b x may be ! bett] = "s4 ,x is an in/ance ( sub/itution c>ri$ out boldly1 b un]r+ly2 s t1 iamb & anap/ be+ ! co9 ( int]*ange & equival5ce1 ! rhy?m is n[ iambic1 n[ anap/ic *iefly1 ! two be+ n muddl$1 b fluctuant--a prosodic "p-song4 ,& ! foot sy/em br+s ?is out /raight=w>dly & on its g5]al pr9ciples1 ) no begg+s or assumptions :atev] = ! p>ticul> in/ance4 ,moreov]1 ! /ructure ( ! piece may be p>allel$ freely f ! songs 9 ,%akespe>e's plays4#bc ,sid5ote3 ,su* application possible always & ev]y:]e4 ,x is inde$ sometimes said t su* me?ods ( scansion z ^! may apply v well to n9ete5?-c5tury poets1 b t !y are out ( place 9 reg>d to old] ones4 ,?is is demon/rably false4 ,! me?od applies alike1 & 9 l measure obviates all difficulties1 9 examples ( ! ?irte5?1 f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 sixte5?1 sev5te5?1 & eighte5? c5turies4 ,x is z applicable to ! e>ly & mo/ly anonym\s romanc]s & song-writ]s z to ,t5nyson1 x accommodates ,%akespe>e z well z ,br[n+4 ,to ,milton z to ,%elley1 to ,dryd5 & ,pope z to ! mo/ celebrat$ ( our mod]n exp]im5t]s1 say to ,miss ,*ri/9a ,rossetti or ,mr4 ,sw9burne1 x fits l a glove4 ,! rules 9 ! next *apt]1 & ! subjo9$ examples fully scann$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi41 w %[ its application z a beg9n+2 ! :ole cont5ts ( ?is volume mu/ give ! full] illu/ration & confirmation4#bd ,,footnotes3 #ae ,! mo/ rec5t1 p]haps1 & ! mo/ un=tunate competitor is /ress-unit--= !re are mo/ c]ta9ly feet 7i4e4 con/itutive divisions ( l9es7 :i* include no /ress at all4 #af ,a full acc\nt ( ^! w\ld occupy a book bigg] ?an ! l>g] ,hi/ory4 ,among ! late/ & mo/ curi\s attempts on ! subject is "o to m>k (f c]ta9 metrical rhy?ms z acc5tual1 c]ta9 o!rs z quantitative4 ,?is 7:i* p>tly results f ! sup]flu\s anxiety to discov] & isolate ! s\rces ( l5g? & %ortness7 makes some?+ v l a *im]a or a hot*-pot* ( ,engli% v]se4 #ag ,9 metrical quantity1 n 9 v[el s\nd4 #ah ,( ,anglo-,saxon & v e>ly ,middle ,engli% poetry4 ,see ,scann$ ,conspectus & ,book ,,ii4 #ai ,except1 to speak p>adoxically1 :5 x is no?+ at all4 ,! pause-foot or half-foot1 ! equival5t ( sil5ce1 is by no means an impossible or unkn[n ?+ 9 ,engli% poetry1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ,lady ,macbe?'s l9e1 ,i4 v4 #da-- ,"u my battlem5ts4 ,come1 y spirits1 :]e sprts1 ?\gh n actually impossible1 w\ld spoil ! l9e 9 "o way1 & come1 z a monosyllabic foot1 9 ano!r4 #bj ,! exceptions1 & probably ! only ones1 are to be f\nd1 if any:]e1 9 "s mod]n blank v]se1 :]e two tribra*s1 or a tribra* & an iamb or anap/1 succe$ ea* o!r4 #ba ,x is difficult to see h[ ?is effect c be avoid$ by ^? :o ?9k t acc5ts or /resses1 gov]n+ prosody1 v>y 9 ,milton f eight to ?ree4 #bb ,hav+ already call$ x an odi\s piece ( p$antry1 ! critic 7,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 ,april #ahdi7 adds3 ,:at metre1 ,greek or ,roman1 ,russian or ,*9ese1 x 0 int5d$ to imitate we h no c>e to inquire3 ! man 0 writ+ ,engli% & _h no ju/ifiable pret5ce = tortur+ our e>s ) v]se l ?is4 #bc ,su* z ,"u ! ,gre5wood ,tree4 #bd ,= cautions & additions1 z well z explanations1 see ,gloss>y1 especially "u ,foot1 ,/ress-unit1 ,quantity1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,foot ,,sy/em ,a4 ,,feet 7,^! ,rules are n imp]ative or compulsory precepts1 b obs]v$ inductions f ! practice ( ,engli% poets4 ,he t c break !m ) success1 let him47 ,sid5ote3 ,feet compos$ ( long & %ort syllables4 #a4 ,engli% poetry1 f ! fir/ con/itution ( lit]>y ,middle ,engli% to ! pres5t day1 c be/ be scann$ by a sy/em ( feet1 or gr\ps ( syllables 9 two diff]5t values1 :i* may be call$ = conv5i5ce long 77 & %ort 774 ,sid5ote3 ,n all comb9ations actual4 #b4 ,! nature ( ^! gr\ps ( syllables is det]m9$ by ! usual ma!matical laws ( p]mutation2 b "s ( !m appe> m frequ5tly ?an o!rs 9 ,engli% poetry1 & "s h>dly occur at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5ces f classical feet4 #c4 ,al?\gh1 9 ! symbols ( _! con/itution1 ^! feet resemble ^? ( ! classical prosodies1 x does n foll[ t !y are id5tical ) !m1 except ma!matically1#be ! nature ( ! languages be+ diff]5t2 &1 9 p>ticul>1 _! p[]s ( comb9+ 9 metre are f> f be+ id5tical1 s t comb9ations ( feet :i* are successful 9 ,greek & ,lat9 ne$ by no means be successful 9 ,engli%4 ,success is inde$ almo/ limit$ to in/ances :]e ! metrical con/itu5ts are re/rict$ to iambs 771 anap/s 771 & tro*ees 771 ) ! spondee 77 z an occasional +r$i5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ?ree usual k9ds--iamb1 tro*ee1 anap/4 #d4 ,! iamb 771 ! tro*ee 771 & ! anap/ 77 are by f> ! commone/ ,engli% feet2 9 fact1 ! great bulk ( ,engli% poetry is compos$ ( !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! spondee4 #e4 ,! spondee 77 is n s unusual z has sometimes be5 ?\ght2 b ow+ to ! commonness ( mo/ syllables1 especially 9 !sis1 x may (t5 be pass$ z an iamb1 & sometimes z a tro*ee4 ,sid5ote3 ,! dactyl4 #f4 ,! dactyl 7 71 on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh obs]vable en\gh 9 sep>ate ,engli% words1 does n seem to comp\nd happily 9 ,engli%1 its use be+ almo/ limit$ to t ( a sub/itute = ! tro*ee4 ,us$ 9 cont9uity1 ei!r s+ly or ) o!r feet1 x has a t5d5cy1 especially 9 l9es ( "s l5g?1 to re>range itself into anap/s ) anacrusis4 ,9 v %ort l9es1 h[ev]1 ?is tilt has n always "t to develop itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,! pyrrhic4 #g4 ,! pyrrhic 77 may occur 9 ,engli%1 b is r>ely want$ 7see note above on spondee74 ,sid5ote3 ,! tribra*4 #h4 ,! tribra* 771 h[ev]1 has become n unusual4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!rs4 #i4 ,o!r comb9ations 7= names see ,gloss>y7 ?an ^! are c]ta9ly r>e1 & are p]haps nev] want$ 9 ,engli% v]se1 ?\gh !y are pl5tiful 9 prose4 7,see ,rule #da & ,gloss>y47 ,b4 ,,con/itution ,,( ,,feet ,sid5ote3 ,quality or quantity 9 feet4 #aj4 ,! quality1 or contra/ ( quality1 call$ quantity1 :i* fits ,engli% syllables = _! places z long or %ort 9 a foot1 is n uni=m or con/ant4 ,sid5ote3 ,n necess>ily "t1 #aa4 ,x does n necess>ily dep5d on ! am\nt ( "t tak5 to pron\nce ! syllable2 ?\gh !re is probably a t5d5cy to l5g!n or %ort5 ?is "t accord+ to ! prosodic l5g? or %ortness requir$4 ,sid5ote3 nor v[el quantity4 #ab4 ,x does n :olly dep5d on ! usual quantity#bf ( ! v[el s\nd 9 ! syllable2 = long-s\nd+ v[els are n v seldom %ort5$1 & %ort-s\nd+ ones are con/antly made long4 ,sid5ote3 ,accumulat$ consonants1 #ac4 ,an accumulation ( consonants aft] ! v[el w l5g!n x prosodically1 b ne$ n necess>ily d s4 ,sid5ote3 or rhetorical /ress1 #ad4 ,/rong rhetorical /ress w almo/ always l5g!n if requir$4 ,sid5ote3 or place 9 v]se w quantify4 #ae4 ,! place 9 v]se1 if cunn+ly manag$ by ! poet1 w l5g!n or %ort54 ,sid5ote3 ,commonness ( monosyllables4 #af4 ,all monosyllables are common1 ! articles be+1 h[ev]1 lea/ susceptible ( l5g!n+1 & ! indef9ite p]haps h>dly at all4 ,c4 ,,equival5ce ,,& ,,sub/itution ,sid5ote3 ,sub/itution ( equival5t feet4 #ag4 ,! mo/ important law ( ,engli% prosody is t :i* p]mits & directs ! int]*ange ( c]ta9 ( ^! feet ) o!rs1 or1 9 te*nical language1 ! sub/itution ( equival5t feet4 ,sid5ote3 ,its two laws4 #ah4 ,?is process ( sub/itution is gov]n$ by two laws3 "o 9 a mann] a priori1 ! o!r ! result ( exp]i5ce only4 ,sid5ote3 ,confusion ( base mu/ be avoid$4 #ai4 ,sub/itution mu/ n take place 9 a bat* ( l9es1 or ev5 7) r>e exceptions7 9 a s+le l9e1 to su* an ext5t t ! base ( ! metre c be mi/ak54 ,sid5ote3 7,( :i* ! e> mu/ judge47 #bj4 ,ev5 %ort ( ?is result ( confusion ! e> mu/ decide :e!r ! sub/itution is all[able4 ,sid5ote3 ,c]ta9 sub/itutions are n eligible4 #ba4 ,z a result ( exp]i5ce we f9d t ! feet mo/ suitable--if n alone suitable--z sub/itutes = ! iamb--! commone/ foot-/aple--are ! tro*ee1 ! anap/1 & ! tribra*2 t ! dactyl sub/itutes well1 if n too freely us$1 = ! tro*ee4#bg ,^! equival5ces are reciprocal4 ,d4 ,,pause ,sid5ote3 ,v>iation ( pause4 #bb4 ,next to equival5ce1 ! mo/ important & valuable eng9e 9 ! con/itution ( ,engli% v]ses is ! v>iation ( ! middle or int]nal pause4 ,sid5ote3 ,practically at discretion4 #bc4 ,except 9 v long l9es--:i* always t5d to pause !mselves ei!r at ! middle or at two places m or less equidi/ant--!re is no reason :y ! pause ( an ,engli% l9e %\ld n be at any syllable f ! fir/ to ! p5ultimate1 & none :y x %\ld or %\ld n occur at ! end ( a l9e1 c\plet1 or ev5 /anza--?\gh 9 ! la/-nam$ case r special reasons are requir$ = its omission4 ,n e l9e ne$ necess>ily h any pause at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,blank v]se specially dep5d5t on pause4 #bd4 ,! effect ( blank v]se dep5ds m ^u pause-v>iation ?an ^u any?+ else2 & by ?is v>iation1 accompani$ by /op or ov]run 7enjambm5t7 at ! end ( ! l9e1 v]se-p>agraphs are con/itut$1 :i* c conta9 v]se-clauses or s5t5ces1 9 l mann] br\ght into exi/5ce by pauses4 ,e4 ,,l9e-,,comb9ation ,sid5ote3 ,simple or complex4 #be4 ,l9es1 compos$ z above ( feet1 c be us$ 9 ,engli% ei!r cont9u\sly on ! same or equival5t patt]ns1 or 9 bat*es ( two or m4 ,sid5ote3 ,rhymes necess>y to c\plet4 #bf4 ,! bat*es ( two almo/ necess>ily require rhyme to indicate & isolate !m1 especially if ! individual l9es are ( ! same l5g?4 ,o!r bat*es /anzas might1 z f> z any a priori objection goes1 consi/ ( unrhym$ l9es1 symmetrically correspond5t1 or irregul> ,p9d>ic4 ,sid5ote3 ,few in/ances ( successful unrhym$ /anza4 #bg4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 f\nd 9 practice1 despite ! examples ( ,campion1 ,coll9s1 & "o or two o!rs1 t rhymeless bat*+ or /anza-mak+ is v seldom successful4#bh ,sid5ote3 ,unev5ness ( l9e 9 l5g?4 #bh4 ,!re is nei!r a priori objection nor a po/]iori inconv5i5ce to be urg$ aga9/ ! con/ruction ( /anzas or bat*es 9 l9es ( v unev5 l5g?4 ,sid5ote3 ,/anzas to be judg$ by ! e>4 #bi4 ,e /anza-s*eme mu/ und]go1 & is f9ally to be judg$ by1 ! te/ ( ! e>1 & t only4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( commone/ l9e-comb9ations4 #cj4 ,! commone/ & olde/ l9e-comb9ations--octosyllabic c\plet1 common or ballad measure1 long & %ort measure1 etc4--9 "s cases demon/rably1 9 all probably1 result f ! break+ up ( ! old long l9e 7fifte5] or f\rte5]71 :i* itself came f ! metricalis+ ( ! ,o4,e4 d\ble /ave4 ,f4 ,,rhyme ,sid5ote3 ,rhyme natural 9 ,engli%4 #ca4 ,x is natural to ,engli% poetry--i4e4 ,middle & ,mod]n ,engli%1 or ,engli% poetry prop]--to rhyme2 &1 except 9 ! case ( blank v]se1 no unrhym$ measure = ! la/ sev5 c5turies has ev] produc$ l>ge quantities ( uni=mly satisfactory quality4 ,sid5ote3 ,x mu/ be full1 #cb4 ,rhyme 9 ,engli% mu/ be full1 i4e4 consonantal 7on ! v[el & foll[+ consonant or consonants71 n m]ely assonantal 7on ! v[el only74 ,assonance by itself is insuffici5t4 ,sid5ote3 & n id5tical4 #cc4 ,x %\ld n1 accord+ to mod]n usage1 be id5tical--t is to say1 ! rhym+ syllables %\ld n consi/ ( exactly ! same v[els & consonants4 ,b exceptions to ?is may be f\nd 9 good poets1 especially :5 ! words are n ! same4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al rule z to x4 #cd4 ,good rhyme has necess>ily v>i$1 at diff]5t times1 ) pronunciation2 b a c]ta9 r\gh rule may be se5 prevail+ n uncommonly1 t v[els 9 rhyme may take ! value :i* !y h 9 words o!r ?an ^? actually employ$4#bi ,sid5ote3 ,allit]ation4 #ce4 ,:at is sometimes call$ head-rhyme 7i4e4 allit]ation7 has n[ no place 9 ,engli% z rhyme at all1 nor does x con/itute ei!r metre or /anza2 b x is a p]missible1 & (t5 a v consid]able1 ornam5t to v]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,s+le1 etc41 rhyme4 #cf4 ,rhyme is ei!r s+le 7on ! la/ syllable only71 d\ble 7on ! two la/71 or triple 7on ! ?ree la/74 ,beyond ?ree ! effect w\ld be burlesque1 & ?is is h>d to keep out ( triple rhyme1 & ev5 sometimes seems to m5ace ! d\ble4 ,sid5ote3 ,fullness ( s\nd4 #cg4 ,9 s]i\s poetry ! full] 9 s\nd ! s+le rhyme is ! bett]4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal rhyme p]missible1 #ch4 ,rhyme is usually at ! end ( ! l9e2 b x may be int]nal2 t is to say1 syllables at "o or ev5 m ?an "o place )9 ! l9e may rhyme to ! syllable at ! end or to ea* o!r1 & syllables )9 "o l9e may rhyme to ^? at correspond+ places )9 ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 b sometimes dang]\s4 #ci4 ,b ?is has a dang]\s t5d5cy to break ! l9es up4 ,g4 ,,miscellane\s ,sid5ote3 ,v[el-music4 #dj4 ,! effect ( ,engli% poetry at all times1 b especially = ! la/ hundr$ ye>s1 has be5 l>gely dep5d5t on ,v[el-music4 ,?is is by no means limit$ to ! practice ( :at us$ to be call$ mak+ ! s\nd suit ! s5se1 ?\gh ! two sometimes co9cide4 ,v[el-music1 n )\t occasional assi/ance f consonants1 e/abli%es a sort ( accompanim5t to ! intelligible poetry--a prosodic sett+4 ,sid5ote3 ,f+]+4 #da4 ,9 ! managem5t ( ?is1 z ( rhyme1 pause1 enjambm5t1 & ev5 ! selection & juxtaposition ( feet !mselves1 ! poet (t51 if n z a rule 9 ! be/ examples1 uses p>ticul> sleights ( f+]+ & execution p>allel to ^? ( ! musical compos] & p]=m]4 ,! results ( ?is may appe> to con/itute v]se-sections diff]5t f ! feet4 ,b ^!1 h[ev]1 nev] sup]s$e feet1 & are always resolvable into !m2 nor d !y ev] supply crit]ia = any?+ except ! individual l9e or passage4 ,!y /& to prosody prop] v mu* z deliv]y or elocution does to rhetoric4 ,! conv5i5ces ( ?is f+]+1 or poetic elocution1 z well z s5se & o!r ?+s1 may sometimes br+ ab\t alt]native scansions1 b all ^! connect !mselves ) & are ob$i5t to ! g5]al foot sy/em4#cj ,sid5ote3 ,confusion ( rhy?ms intol]able4 #db4 ,despite ?is possibility ( alt]native scansion1 & ! o!r & common] possibility ( sub/itution ( individual feet1 iambic & tro*aic1 dactylic & anap/ic1 metre or rhy?m rema9 entirely di/9ct4 ,any sy/em :i* reg>ds ^! z m]ely diff]5t names = ! same ?+ is self-condemn$ z disreg>d+ ! evid5ce1 or r v]dict1 ( ! e>4 ,,footnotes3 #be ,see above1 ,rule #b4 ,x %\ld be h>dly necess>y to rem>k t ! explanations & exemplifications ( ^! rules are to be furni%$ by ! :ole book1 & t ! ,gloss>y 9 p>ticul> %\ld be 9 con/ant use4 #bf ,e4g4 fte or f/ z oppos$ to ft2 met to dt]2 rte to ft2 m5 to tt]2 dpe to bt4 #bg ,! comb9ation ( dactyl & tro*ee 9 ,engli%1 h[ev]1 w n produce ! same effect z ! comb9ation ( dactyl & spondee 9 ,lat9 or ,greek4 #bh ,rules #bf & #bg d n apply to unmetrical v]se1 su* z ! old allit]ative c\plet-l9e1 or ! rhy?m$ prose-v]se ( ,ossian1 ,blake1 & ,:itman4 #bi ,?us ,dryd5 rhymes traveller to /ar1 giv+ ! er ! value x has 9 clerk4 #cj ,= elucidation & example see bel[1 9 ,gloss>y1 z above not$1 p4 #h4 ,! sections ref]r$ to are n ^? ( ,gue/4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cont9u\s ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,engli% ,,scansion ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,foot ,,sy/em ,i4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,scansion only dimly visible4 ,no bett] examples c be tak5 = ?is ?an two already us$ by ,dr4 ,siev]s--! close ( ! ,phnix ) its illum9ative ,lat9 admixture1 & a bit ( ,be[ulf 7#bje ff477dott$ foot division add$ 9 fir/ case73 ,hfa u alf$ lucis auctor t we mtun hr m]u eri dddum beitan gaudia 9 coelo ,pr we mtun maxima regna4 ,hfde se oda ,gata toda cmpan ecr5e ara e ne cn/e f9dan mhte fft5] sm sndwudu shte sc wsade lucrftig mn lndemrcu4 ,9 ^! ! g5]al tro*aic run & ! correspond+ t5d5cy to dactylic sub/itution1 :i* are s evid5t 9 ! ,lat91 z x 7 muffle !mselves 9 ! ,engli%2 & ! contra/1 s /rik+ly br\ght out 9 ! mix$ passage1 is n really less evid5t 9 ! pure ,anglo-,saxon "o4 ,! muffl+ is ! result1 p>tly ( ! imp]fect sub/itution1 or r ! actual pres5ce ( syllables n dige/$ into ! metre2 p>tly ( ! ov]be>+ middle pause1 :i*1 sugge/+ ano!r 9 ea* section1 *ops ! :ole up into disconnect$ grunts or spasmodic phrases4 ,,ii4 ,,late ,,old ,,engli% ,,) ,,nisus ,,t[>ds ,,metre 7,grave ,poem4 ,gue/'s text1 spell+1 & acc5tuation2 ! usual m>ks = ! latt] be+ sub/itut$ = 8 divid+ b>s1 & foot division add$ 9 dots47 ,? wes bld gebld er ? ibr5 wre1 ,? wes mlde imynt er ? ( md] cme1 c hit ns no idht n !o depnes imt51 ,ns gyt ilc$ hu lng hit ! wre4 ,"h an imm5se advance is made4 ,! rhy?m is /ill tro*aic1 ?\gh x is by no means c]ta9 t x does n %[ symptoms ( iambicisation4 ,x is f> m well m>k$2 & "o ( ! means ( ! m>k+ is t ! dit* 9 ! middle--! =mal pause1--?\gh no d\bt te*nically & ev5 rhetorically exi/+1 is ov]run by ! sugge/$ feet z long z ! tro*ee is kept4 ,b if ?is pause holds its place x sugge/s iambic scansion-- ,! wes bold gebyld2 & some?+ l ! :ole future ( ,engli% poetry lies 9 ! sugge/ion4 ,d n omit to notice ! metrical assi/ance giv5 by ! epanaphora1 or repetition ( ! same ^w & phrases 9 ! same place1 & by ! imp]fect & irregul> assonances emphasis+ ! divisions4 ,,iii4 ,,transition ,,p]iod ,metre /ruggl+ to ass]t itself 9 a ,new ,way4 ,"p ( ! v]ses ( ,/4 ,godric4 ,sa9te ,m>ie ,virg9e ,mod] ,jesu ,cristes ,naz>5e ,onfang s*ild help ?9 ,godric1 ,onfang br+ he geli* mit ! 9 ,godes ric4 ,a di/9ct ef=t at iambic /anza1 su* z t ( ! great ,ambrosian hymn1 ,v5i ,r$emptor g5tium4 ,x is n surpris+ if ! exp]im5t] /umbles1 if ! old tro*aic rhy?m is sometimes 9 8 head1 & if1 9 ! la/ v]se1 he ei!r ov]runs or divides & makes a qu9tet4 ,! /ruggle t[>ds feet--& new feet--is !re1 & rhyme1 if imp]fect1 is !re also4 ,,iv4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,attempt at m]ely ,syllabic ,uni=mity ) ,unbrok5 ,iambic ,run & no ,rhyme4 ,orm4 ,& nu icc wille %w5n yuw summ-del )? ,godess hellpe ,(f ?att ,judissk5n follkess lac ?att ,drihht9 wass full cweme4 ,! moral ( ?is 7:e!r x be writt5 z above 9 eights & sev5s or cont9u\sly z fifte5]s7 is unmi/akable1 z /at$ be=e3 ! writ]1 = all 8 scrupul\s indication ( %ort v[els1 seems to c>e no m ?an if he 7 a mod]n ,fr5*man = syllabic quantity1 or ev5 = acc5t4 ,he w h 8 fifte5 syllables1 8 pause at ! eigh?1 & 8 s+-song run ( sev5 dissyllabic bat*es & a fem99e end+4 ,b1 w he nill he1 he impresses--) :atev] s+-song effect & :atev] m]ciless it]ation--! iambic beat ?r\gh\t 8 :ole enorm\s "w4 ,v4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,conflict or ,indecision betwe5 ,acc5tual ,rhy?m & ,metrical ,s*eme4 ,layamon4 #a4 a answrede ,vortig]-- ( lc an vuele he wes wr4 #b4 ,nulle i* heom belau5 bi m9e quike live4 #c4 ,= ,h5ge/ is hid] icum51 ,he is mi fad] & i* 8 sune4 #d4 ,& i* habbe to le(-monne 8 doht] ,r[5ne4 ,^! f\r c\plets 7cont9u\s 9 ! orig9al7 exhibit p]fectly ! process :i* 0 go+ on4 7#b7 is a r %apeless example ( ! old sc>cely metrical ,anglo-,saxon l9e ) a r\ghly tro*aic rhy?m2 & 7#d7 is n v diff]5t4 ,b 7#c7 is a n q successful1 ?\gh recognisable1 attempt at a rhym$ 7x is actually assonanc$7 iambic dimet] or octosyllabic c\plet4 ,& 7#a7 is ?is c\plet complete at all po9ts 9 rhy?m1 metre1 & rhyme--capable1 9 fact1 ( be+ exactly quantifi$ & r5d]$ exactly into mod]n ,engli%1 all b ! dropp$ f9al e3 ,?n nswrd ,vrtg] f lk n vl h ws wre4 ,,vi4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,! ,appe>ance & ,developm5t ( ! ,f\rte5]4 ,! exact orig9#ca ( ! f\rte5]1 sept5> 7z ! ,g]mans call x71 long ,alex&r9e 7z x 0 v improp]ly t]m$ 9 ,engl& = a "t71 sev5-foot or sev5-acc5t l9e--to give its v>i\s designations--is a matt] ( conjecture4 ,! fifte5] ( ,orm ) ! r$undant syllable lopp$ (f2 a v>iation ) iambic or ris+ /ress rhy?m sub/itut$ = tro*aic or fall+1 & a syllable add$ 9 ! popul> ,lat9 metre ( ,meum e/ propositum 9 tab]na mori2 ) o!r ?+s2 mo/ probably ( all1 a %ort5$ metrification ( ! old long l9e1 to repres5t ! frequ5t inequality ( its halves bett] ?an ! octosyllabic c\plet--h be5 sugge/$4 ,x holds1 h[ev]1 su* an important place 9 ,engli% prosody f ! e>ly ?irte5? to ! late sixte5? c5tury1 & its resolution into ! ballad c\plet or common measure is ( s mu* great] importance /ill1 t x c h>dly h too mu* att5tion4 ,! extraord9>ily prosaic & /ump+ cad5ce ( ! ,ormulum p]haps obscures ! connection1 especially z ?is rigid syllabisation makes trisyllabic feet impossible4 ,b ! true rhy?m appe>s1 ?\gh /ill ) a r$undant syllable1 9 ! fam\s ,moral ,ode1 ! old] v]sions ( :i* are dat$ be=e ,orm4 ,! olde/1 z x is suppos$ to be1 ( ^! %[s ! =m 9 full exi/5ce-- ,i* em nu ald] !ne i* wes a w9tre & a lare4 ,b ! y\nge/-- ,i* am eld] ?an i* wes a w9t] & eke on lore-- gives a priceless improvem5t2 = ev5 if nu has dropp$ out1 ! result+ monosyllabic foot is q rhy?mical1 ! trisyllabic -t] & eke is unmi/akable1 & ! life & _s t x gives to ! v]se equally s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ?irte5? c5tury ! =m develops imm5sely4 ,z a cont9u\s "o1 x furni%es ! /aple ( ! ,*ronicle & ,sa9ts' ,lives1 attribut$--! =m] c]ta9ly & ! latt] probably 9 at lea/ "s cases--to ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,z ?us 9 ,le>'s compla9t3 ,mid yox+ & mid gret wop z began ys mone ,alas6 alas6 e lu or wate t fyle/ me os "o3 at u cl5e me bryng/ ad\n wyd] s*al ,i be broht8 ,= m sorwe yt d me :5 x come? 9 my ?oht4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,leve dt] ,cordeille1 to soe ou seide/ me at z mu*e z y* hadde y 0 wor pei y ne leved !4 ,b be=e long x %[s1 ?\gh x may be /ill writt5 on1 an evid5t t5d5cy to break up into ballad measure1 z 9 ! 7also ?irte5?-c5tury7 ,judas poem3 ,hit wes ^u a sc]e-,?ursday ,t ure ,lav]d aros1 ,ful milde 7 ! wordes ,he spec to ,judas3 ,judas1 ?\ mo/ to ,jursalem ,oure mete = to bugge1 ,?ritti plat5 ( selv] ,?\ b]e upo ?i rugge4 ,,vii4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,! ,pla9 & ,equival5c$ ,octosyllable4 ,we h se5 h[1 9 ,layamon1 ! regul> rhym$ octosyllabic c\plet or iambic dimet] 7f\r-/ress l9e1 etc47 %[s itself1 ei!r z a delib]ate alt]native to ! old long l9e1 or z a half-unconsci\s result ( ! endeav\r to adju/ x to ! new metrical t5d5cies ( ! language4 ,& we saw1 also1 t its examples 9 ,layamon himself v>y f absolute normality to diff]5t /ages ( lic5ce or incomplet5ess4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 we f9d two v>ieties e/abli%+ !mselves1 ) m or less di/9ct & def9ite contra/4 ,! fir/1 :i* seems to keep ,fr5* or ,lat9 examples m or less /rictly be=e x1 is exemplifi$ 9 ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale1 & scans z foll[s3 ,wi nultu s+e an o?er !ode1 ,w> hit is mu*ele more neode8 ,?u neav] ne s+/ 9 ,irlonde1 ,ne ?u ne cume/ nogt 9 ,scotlonde3 ,hwi nultu fare to ,noreweie8#cb ,& s+en m5 ( ,galeweie8 ,?> beo? m5 t lutel kunne ,( songe t is b9eo! ! sunne4 ,"h1 x w be obs]v$1 !re is practically no lic5ce except a few d\btful e's1 & t ( omitt+ "o syllable & mak+ ! l9e acephal\s iambic or catalectic tro*aic4 ,?is =m 0 foll[$ l>gely1 &1 f ,*auc] & ,g[] onw>ds1 by mo/ poets1 except ,sp5s]1 till ! "t ( ,*att]ton1 ,blake1 & ,col]idge 9 ,*ri/abel4 ,side by side ) x1 h[ev]1 a =m embody+ ! special *>act]i/ic ( ! new ,engli% prosody-- equival5t sub/itution--exhibits itself 9 full =ce 9 ! mid-?irte5?-c5tury ,g5esis & ,exodus1 z well z 9 o!r miscellane\s poems & 9 ! romances4 ,"h are specim5s f ,g5esis & ,exodus1 #bcfg-bcgf3 ,josep gaf ilc "h tw9ne srud1 ,b5iam9 mo/ he made prud2 ,fif wed5 be/ b> ,b5iam9 ,?re hundr$ plates ( silv] f91 ,als fele o!re ?or-til1 ,he bad b5 9 is fad]es wil1 ,& x asses ) semes fe/2 ,( all ,egyptes wel?e be/ ,gaf he is bre!re1 ) h]te bli!1 ,& bad hem ra p5 hem hom w>d s)e4 ,& f ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion1 #cbfa-cbfh3 ,nay quod ,kyng ,ri*ard1 be ,god my "l1 ,ne s*al ,i nevyr ) him acord6 ,ne hadde nevyr b5 lo/ ,acres t\n ,ne _hde b5 ?r\gh hys tres\n4 ,yiff he yilde aga9 my faderys tres\r ,& ,j]usalem ) gret hon\r1 ,!nne my wra?e ,i hym =give ,& nevyr ellys :yl t ,i live4 ,"h1 x w be obs]v$1 ! foot ( ?ree syllables--g5]ally1 if n always1 an anap/--& ev51 x w\ld seem1 t ( "o sometimes1 are freely sub/itut$ = t ( two1 add+ imm5sely to ! v>iety1 _s1 & fre$om ( ! l9e4 ,! fir/ ne hadde is p]haps run toge!r4 ,,viii4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,! ,romance-,six or ,rime ,c\e4 ,at an unc]ta9 p]iod 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ?is makes its appe>ance--no d\bt directly imitat$ f ! ,fr5*1 b probably also 9 "p a d]ivative ( ! application ( metrical t5d5cy to ! aborig9al l9e-c\plet4 ,its ,fr5* "n#cc is n1 to our eyes1 appropriate --"o w\ld r call x wai/$ or wai/$-&-tail$ rhyme2 & z x is v l>gely 79 fact1 ) ! pla9 c\plet pr$om9antly7 us$ 9 ! ,engli% romances1 romance-six z oppos$ to ballad-f\r seems a good "n = x4 ,x sometimes1 h[ev]1 ext5ds to ?ree1 f\r1 or ev5 six sets ( two eights & a six1 & is f\nd bo? pla9 & equival5c$1 z ?us3 ,! briddes s+e1 x is no nay1 ,! sp>hauk & ! papejay1 t joye x 0 to "h4 ,! ?rustelcok made eek 8 lay1 ,! wode d[ve ^u ! spray ,%e sang ful l\de & cl]e4 7,*auc]1 ,sir ,?opas47 ,z soone z ! emp]\re yildyd ! ga/1 ,a pr[de g>son came 9 ha/e1 ,sir ,synagote hight he-- ,& broght an hundr$ helmes bright ,( h>dy m5 t c[de wel fight ,( felde wolde nev] oon flee4 7,le ,bone ,flor5ce ( ,rome1 #ggh-ghc47 ,! pla9 =m1 z ,*auc]1 ( malice prep5se1 %[$ 9 ! above1 is p>ticul>ly liable to s+-song effect4 ,,ix4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,miscellane\s ,/anzas4 7a7 ,a v consid]able numb] ( ^! 7 introduc$1 sometimes no d\bt by direct imitation ( ,fr5* or 7z 9 ! case ( ! ,burns-metre1#cd7 ,prov5al orig9als1 sometimes by ! +5uity ( ! individual poet1 work+ on ! pla/ic mat]ial ( ! bl5d$ language1 accord+ to ! new metrical foot-sy/em4 ,!y all scan easily by ?is1 z may be se5 9 a /anza ( ,tri/rem1 "o ( ! ,h>leian ,lyrics1 & a ,burns /anza f ! ,york ,plays2 :ile anap/ic sub/itution1 am\nt+ to some?+ l triple "t z a :ole1 appe>s 9 ! ,hampolian extract4 ,! k+ _h a d\ht] d]e1 ,t maid5 ,ysonde hight1 ,t gle 0 lef to "h ,& romaunce to r$e aright4 ,sir ,tramtris hir gan l]e1 ,?o1 ) al 8 might1 ,:at alle po9ts 7 ,to se ! so! 9 sight1 ,to say1 ,9 ,yrlond nas no knight1 ,) ,ysonde dur/ play4 7,sir ,tri/rem1 #abee-fc47 7,?ree-foot iambic ) s+le-foot bob4 ,all f9al e's s\nd$ or elid$4 ,"o monosyllabic1 & two or ?ree trisyllabic1 sub/itutions47 ,bytu5e ,m]%e ant ,av]il :5 spray big9ne? to spr+e1 ,! lutel f\l ha? hire wyl on hyre lud to synge2 ,i* libbe 9 love-long+e ,= sem loke/ ( alle ?ynge1 ,he may me blisse br+e1 i*am 9 hire baund\n4 ,an h5dy hap i*abbe y-h5t1 ,i*ot f hev5e x is me s5t1 ,f alle wymm5 mi love is l5t ant lyht on ,alys\n4 7,alison1 ,h>leian ,,ms4 p4 #bg1 ed4 ,wright47 7,f ! o!r /anzas x appe>s t ! middle quatra9 %\ld consi/ ( ?ree eights & a six1 & t some?+ has dropp$--suppli$ n[ by c>ets4 ,o!rwise ! s*eme is cle>47 ,fro ?aym is lo/e bo?e game & glee4 ,he badde t !y s*uld maist]s be ,ov] alle k5ne ?+1 outy-ta5 a tree ,he taught !m to be ,& !r-to w5te bo? %e & he ,agagne 8 wille4 7,york ,plays1 vi4 #b47 7,! f9al e's are beg9n+ to be neglect$1 & ! :ole is probably 9 /rict iambics "h1 ?\gh vacillation betwe5 f\r- & five-foot l9es is n absolutely impossible4 ,b !re is trisyllabic sub/itution else:]e1 ?\gh n v mu*4 ,x may be rememb]$ t !re is little ( x 9 ,burns's own examples ( ?is metre4 ,clos] /ill to 8 is ! foll[+73 ,eve4 ,se?yn#ce x 0 s me kny? x sore1 ,bot sy?en t woman wittelles w>e1 ,mans maistirie %\ld h be5 m ,agayns ! gilte4 ,adam4 ,nay at my spee*e w\ld ?\ nev] sp>e ,t has u spilte4 7,ibid4 #bd47 7b7 ,my true/ treasure s traitorly tak51 ,s bitt]ly b\nden ) byt& b&es1 ,h[ soon ( ?y s]vants wa/ ?\ =sak5 ,& loa!ly = my life hurl$ ) h&es 7,hor/mann's ,hampole1 i4 #gb47 7,probably1 :5 fir/ writt51 ! ultimate e's ( ! ev5 l9es 7 s\nd$2 b ev5 ?is is n c]ta91 & ! sup]iority ( ! %ort5+ w\ld soon h /ruck ! e>47 7c7 ,m elaborate /anza f ! ,drama3 ,myghtful ,god v]ay1 ,mak] ( all t is ,?re p]sons )\ten nay1 oone ,god 9 endles blis1 ,?\ maid bo? night & day1 bee/1 f[le & fi%1 ,all creatures t lif may wr\ght ?\ at ?y wi%1 ,z ?\ wel myght3 ,! sun1 ! moyn1 veram5t ,?\ maid3 & ! firmam5t1 ,! />rs als full f]v5t ,to %yne ?\ maide ful bright4 7,t[nley ,plays1 iii4 p4 #bc1 ,e4,e4,t4,s47 ,x4 ,,e>ly ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,appe>ance ( ! ,decasyllable4 ,! idea t ! new metres 9 ,engli% 7 inv>iably direct copies ( ^? already exi/+ 9 ,fr5* 7or ,lat97 seems to be decisively negativ$ by ! fact t ! decasyllabic l9e--! /aple1 n inde$ 9 c\plet b 9 long bat*es or tirades1 ( ! e>li] ,fr5* *ansons de ge/e--makes a r>e appe>ance 9 ,engli% v]se be=e ! late f\rte5? c5tury4 ,b x does appe>1 !reby1 on ! o!r h&1 negativ+ ! notion t ,*auc] introduc$ x1 & sugge/+ t x 01 9 "p at lea/1 a g5u9e exp]im5t--n 9 imitation1 b 9 really indep5d5t developm5t1 ( ! possibilities ( ,engli% metre4 ,"h are scann$ examples ( diff]5t p]iods4 7a7 ,unc]ta9 9 int5tion1 b assum+ di/9ct c\plet cad5ce3 ,cri/es milde mod] seynte m>ie1 ,m9es liues leome mi le\e lefdi1 ,to ! i* buwe & mine kneon i* beie1 ,& al m9 heorte blod to ! i* (frie4 7,orison ( ,our ,lady 7c4 #abjj747 7b7 ,expansion ( octosyllable 9 s+le l9e3 ,& nutes amigdeles ?oronne num54 7,g5esis & ,exodus1 #chdj 7c4 #abej747 7c7 ,9 c\plet3 ,& swore by ,jesu t made moon & /> ,ag5/ ! ,s>ac5s he %\ld le>n to w>4 7,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion1 #bdce-cf 7be=e #acbe8747 7d7 ,ov]fl[ ( octosyllable into decasyllable2 probably1 9 ! fir/ place1 f ! equival5c$ l9es l5d+ !mselves to ano!r run3 ,! bughes er ! armes ) ! h&es1 ,& ! legges1 ) ! fete t /&es4 7,9 ,hampole's ,prick ( ,consci5ce1 #fhj1 #fha 7be=e #acej71 ) scores ( o!rs47 ,,xi4 ,,lat] ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,! ,allit]ative ,revival--,pure4 ,! examples ( ?is revival 7see ,book ,,ii47 _c1 ( c\rse1 9 _! nature1 be /rictly scann$4 ,b x is important to br+ out ! *ange ( rhy?m z comp>$ ) ! old] examples 7v4 sup4 p4 #cg74 7,to prev5t confusion ) positive metrical scansion1 ,i h made ! scann+ b>s dott$1 & h d\bl$ ! foot-division l9e = ! middle pause 9 ! fir/ extract47 ,hit bifel 9 t fore/ !re fa/ by-side1 ,!r won$ a wel old *]l t 0 a c\h]de4 7,william ( ,pal]ne47 7,notice t ! nisus t[>ds anap/ic cad5ce ov]runs ! break bo? 9 ! metre &1 z at -gl5t1 /or1 -port bel[1 9 ! half l9e47 ,w5de1 wor!ly* wyght vus wonez to se*e1 ,dryf ou] ?is dymme wat] if ?\ druye f9dez1 ,bryng bodworde to bot blysse to vus alle4 7,cleanness47 ,!nne ho gef hym god-day & wy? agl5t lagh$1 ,& z ho /od ho /ony$ hym ) ful /or wordes1 ,n[ he t sp$es u*e spe* ?is disport yelde1 ,bot t ye be ,gawayn hit gotz 9 mynde4 7,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight47 ,,xii4 ,,lat] ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,! ,allit]ative ,revival--,mix$4 ,! metrical additions1 on ! o!r h& 7see ,book ,,ii471 & ^? poems :i*1 :ile employ+ allit]ation1 subject x to metrical s*emes1 scan p]fectly1 z3 ,qu5 ?ay hade played 9 halle1 ,z longe z h] wylle hom la/1 ,to *ambre he con hym calle ,& to ! *emne ?ay pa/4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a' mon h[ may ?\ slepe1 ,?is morn+ es s cl]e8 ,he watz 9 dr\p+ depe ,bot !nne he con hir "h4 7,:eels ( ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight47 ,fro spot my spyryt !r sprang 9 space1 ,my body on balke !r bod 9 swev51 ,my go/e is gon 9 ,godes grace1 ,9 av5ture !r m]vayles mev54 7,! ,pe>l1 ii47 ,mone makeles ( mighte1 ,"h comes ane errant knighte1 ,d him resone & righte ,= ?i manhead4 7,:eel ( ,! ,awnyrs ( ,ar?ur1 xxvii47 ,,xiii4 ,,lat] ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,pot5tially ,metrical ,l9es 9 ,langl& 7see ,book ,,ii74 ,decasyllables3 ,= ,james ! g5tel bond x 9 8 book4 7,a4 i4 #aei47 ,?us ,i live loveless like a lu!r dogge4 7,a4 v4 #ig47 ,alex&r9es3 ,& s]v$ ,treu! so?ly*e somdel to paye4 7,c4 viii4 #ahi47 ,adam & ,abraham & ,ysay ! prophete4 7,b4 xvi4 #ha47 ,f\rte5]s3 ,b if he wor*e well !re-) z ,dwel him te*e?4 7,b4 viii4 #ef47 ,( any science und] sonne ! sev5 arts & alle4 7,b4 xi4 #aff47 ,a l>ge numb] might be add$ :]e ! pronunciation :i* 0 %ortly to come 9 necess>ily makes su* l9es1 ?\gh !y may n h be5 int5d$ z su*2 = in/ance-- ,take we h] words at wor?1 = h] witness be true2 7,b4 xii4 #abe47 & ev5 octosyllables w appe>-- ,ne no say robe 9 ri*e pelure2 7,a4 iii4 #bgg47 p>tly expla9+ to u ! *aos ( l9es 9 fifte5?-c5tury poetry4 ,,xiv4 ,,lat] ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,scansions f ,*auc]4 ,octosyllable3 ,hit 0 ( ,venus redely1 ,?is temple2 = 9 portreyture1 ,i saw anoon "r hir figure ,nak$ fletynge 9 a see4 ,& als on hir he$1 p>de1 ,hir rose g>lond :ite & re$1 ,& hir comb to kembe hir he$1 ,hir d[ves1 & daun ,cupido1 ,hir bl9de sone1 & ,vulcano1 ,t 9 8 face 0 ful br\n4 7,h\se ( ,fame1 i4 #acj-aci47 7,two acephal\s l9es1 initial monosyllabic feet1 or tro*aic admixtures2 "s unimportant elisions be=e v[els & h2 middle pause n kept 9 l9es #a1 #d1 #f1 & #aj47 ,rhyme-royal3 ,& d[n f !nns fa/e he gan avise ,?is litel spot ( er! t ) ! see ,embracd is1 & fully gan despise ,?is wrec*$ _w1 & held al vanite1 ,to respect ( ! pleyne felicite ,t is 9 hev5e above4 ,& at ! la/e ,!r he 0 slayn 8 lok+ d[n he ca/e4 7,troilus & ,criseyde1 v4 #ahad-bj47 7,metre q regul>1 b pause mu* v>i$--practically none 9 l9e #e4 ,elisions z above1 b e's n valu$1 or elid$1 9 er!1 pleyne4 ,f9al c\plet h5decasyllabic1 z inde$ mo/ are47 7a7 ,rid+ rhyme or h]oic c\plet3 ,:an t ,aprille ) 8 %\res soote ,! droghte ( ,m>* ha? p]c$ to ! roote1 ,& ba?ed every veyne 9 swi* lic\r ,( :i* v]tu eng5dr$ is ! fleur2 ,:an ,zephirus eek ) 8 swete bree? ,inspir$ ha? 9 every holt & hee? ,! t5dre croppes1 & ! yonge sonne ,ha? 9 ! ,ram 8 halfe c\rs y-ronne1 ,& smale f[eles mak5 melodye1 ,t slep5 al ! nyght ) op5 eye1-- ,s prike? hem ,nature 9 hir corages1-- ,?anne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages1 ,& palm]es = to sek5 /raunge /rondes1 ,to f]ne halwes1 k[?e 9 sondry londes2 ,& specially1 f every %ires ende ,( ,engelond1 to ,caunt]bury !y w5de1 ,! hooly blisful m>tir = to seke ,t hem ha? holp5 :an t !y 7 seeke4 7,op5+ p>agraph ( ,cant]bury ,tales47 7,v regul>2 b possible trisyllabic feet :]ev] e occurs1 & a c]ta9 "o 9 ,caunterbury4 ,pause almo/ indiff]5tly at #d? & #e? syllables4 ,fr5*-,lat9 acc5t 9 ,natre4 ,_m h5decasyllables or r$undances2 b all made by ! e 9 "o =m or ano!r47 7b7 ,acephal\s or n9e-syllable l9es3 ,tw5ty bokes clad 9 blak or re$4 7,prol4 #bgd47 7c7 ,alex&r9es3 ,we/w>d1 "r swi* ano!r 9 ! opposite4 7,k4 ,t4 #ajcf47 ,s sorwefully eek t ,i w5de v]raily4 7,sq4 ,t4 #ehe47 ,,xv4 ,,lat] ,,middle ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,v>iations f ,/rict ,iambic ,norm 9 ,g[]4 7a7 ,tro*aic sub/itution3 ndr ! gr5e !i begrave4 7,conf4 ,am4 i4 #bcdh47 7b7 ,anap/ic sub/itution3 ,sometime 9 *ambre sometime 9 halle4 7iv4 #acca47 ,( ,jel\sie1 b :at x is 7v4 #ddg47 7if ! dissyllabic ie is insi/$ on74 ,& ?us ful (te ab\te ! hals4 7v4 #bead47 ,x 0 fantosme b yet he he>d4 7v4 #ejaa47 7,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ^! f\r in/ances1 all ackn[l$g$ by ,pr(essor ,macaulay1 ! f9al e is requir$ to make ! trisyllabic foot1 ?\gh ! fir/ in/ance diff]s slightly f ! o!rs4 ,i %\ld myself add a l>ge numb] :]e ,mr4 ,macaulay sees only slur1 b 9 :i* occur words l ev] 7i4 #c71 _m a 7i4 #caf1 #cag71 or syllables l e?1 :i* mu/ be valu$ 9 "o case at lea/ "h-- ,to breake? & r5ne? al ab\te1 7,prol4 #eje47 :]e ,mr4 ,macaulay reads tobrek?1 & :]e ! copyi/s v likely made x s47 7c7 ,acephal\s l9es3 ,v r>e if ! e be always all[$4 ,p]haps non-exi/5t4 ,,xvi4 ,,transition ,,p]iod ,examples ( ,break-d[n 9 ,lit]>y ,v]se4 7a7 ,lydgate's decasyllabic c\plet3 ,!r he lay to ! l>k song ,) nots h]d high up 9 ! ayr4 ,! glad morowe rody & "r fayr1 ,phebus als ca/+ up 8 bemes ,! highe hylles gilt ) 8 /remes4 7,/ory ( ,!bes1 #abej sqq47 7#c1 tol]able2 #b1 ditto1 ) hiatus at csura2 #a1 la/ foot miss+2 #d1 acephal\s2 #e1 syllable miss+ at csura47 7b7 ,8 rhyme-royal3 ,?is is to se9 --d\te? nev] a dele-- ,t ye %all h ful possession ,( him t ye *]ri% n[ s wel1 ,9 hone/ maner1 )\te (f5ci\n1 ,because ,i "ke y\r ent5cion ,is truli set 9 p>ti & 9 al ,to l\e him be/ & mo/ 9 special4 7,temple ( ,glass1 /4 #af47 7,two examples 7#b & #c7 ( ! s-call$ ,lydgatian miss+ syllable at csura47 7c7 ,a typical m9or1 ,john ,me?am1 9 ,amoryus & ,cleopes1 /anza #a3 ,! *>ms ( love & eke ! peyn ( ,amoryus ! knyght ,= ,cleopes sake & eke h[ bo! 9 f]e ,lovyd & aftyr dey$1 my purpos ys to indight4 ,& n[1 ,o goddess1 ,i !e bese*e (f kunn+ t h sy*e might1 ,help me to adorne !r *>ms 9 sy*e man] ,s t qw]e ?is mat]e do? yt require ,bo! !r lovys ,i may compleyne to lov]ys desire4 7,a f\rte5]1 a decasyllable1 an ,alex&r9e1 a sixte5]1 & ?ree decasyllables1 ! la/ v %aky ei!r z t or z an ,alex&r9e6 ,9 fact1 %e] dogg]el ( ! un9t5d$ k9d47 ,,xvii4 ,,transition ,,p]iod ,examples ( ,true ,prosody 9 ,ballad1 ,c>ols1 etc4 7a7 ,*evy ,*ase3 ,! ,p]cy out ( ,nor?umb]l&1 ,& a v[ to ,god made he1 ,t he w\ld hunt 9 ! m\nta9s ,( ,*eviot )9 days ?ree1 ,9 ! maugre ( d\ghty ,d\glas ,& all t ev] ) him be4 7,x mu/ be obs]v$ t ?is mod]n spell+ exactly repres5ts ! old prosodically4 ,! read] w !n see t !re are no lib]ties1 on ! equival5t sy/em1 except ! crasis ( -viot & ev]4 ,! =m]1 insignificant 9 any case1 is /ill m s "h1 = ! actual ,nor?umbrian pronunciation is or 0 ,*evot2 :ile if ev] *anges places ) t1 !re is n ev5 any crasis ne$$4 ,= a piece s r\gh 9 phrase1 & copi$ by a p]son s evid5tly illit]ate1 ! exactness is a/oni%+47 7b7 ,e4,i4,o43 ,to doom we draw ! soo? to s*aw ,9 life t u 0 l5t1 ,ne lat91 ne law1 may help ane haw1#cf ,b ra?ely u rep5t4 ,! cross1 ! cr[n1 ! spe> bees b[n1 ,t ,jesu rugg$ & r5t1 ,! nails rude1 %all !e conclude ,) _! own argum5t4 ,) ,e & ,o take keep !reto1 ,z ,*ri/ himself u k5n$ ,we come & g to weal or woe1 ,t dreadful doom %all end4 7,spell+ mod]nis$ z be=e1 b n a ^w alt]$47 ,,xviii4 ,,transition ,,p]iod ,examples ( ,skeltonic & o!r ,dogg]el4 7a7 ,skelton3 ,i4 ,mirry ,m>garet ,z midsom] fl[]1 ,g5tyll z fauc\n ,or hauke ( ! t[]-- ,) solace & gladness1 ,mu* mir? & no madness1 ,all good & no badness3-- ,s joyously1 ,s maidenly1 ,s womanly4 ,h] dem5yng ,9 every ?yng ,f> f> passyng ,t ,i c indite ,or suffyce to write4 7,cr[n ( ,laurel47 ,,ii4 ,b to make up my tale1 ,%e brue? noppy ale1 ,& make! !re( sale1 ,to travell]s1 to t9kers1 ,to sweaters1 to sw9kers1 ,& all good ale-dr9kers ,t w no?+ sp>e ,b drynke till !y />e ,& br+ !mselves b>e1 ,) n[ away ! m>e1 ,& let u slay ,c>e1 ,z wise z an h>e4 7,el9or ,rumm+47 7b7 ,examples f ,heywood & o!r int]ludes4 7#a7 ,cont9u\s long dogg]el3 ,i cn tell y3 "o knave disda9s ano!r1 ,:]e=e take ye ! tone & ,i %all take ! o!r4 ,we %all be/[ !m !re z is mo/ conv5i5t ,= su* a c\ple4 ,i tr[ !y %all rep5t ,t ever !y met 9 ?is *ur* "h4 7#b7 ,s+les3 7,%ort5$ six47 ,?is wyse him deprave1 7,octosyllable47 ,& give ! absolution4 7,irregul> decasyllable47 ,! ab\ndant grace ( ! p[r divyne 7,alex&r9e47 ,pres]ve ?is audi5ce & leave !m to inclyne4 7,irregul> f\rte5]47 ,!n hold d[n ?9e head l a pretty man & take my bless+4 7,9 all ^! examples ! dogg]el is probably int5d$2 t is to say1 ! writ]s are n aim+ at a regul>ity :i* !y _c rea*1 b *e]fully or despair+ly r5\nc+ x47 ,,xix4 ,,transition ,,p]iod ,examples f ! ,scotti% ,poets4 7a7 ,b>b\r 7regul> octosyllables73 ,! kyng t[>d ! vod is gane1 ,w]y1 =-swat & vill ( vayn2 ,intill ! wod soyn ent]it he1 ,& held d\n tow>d a val1 ,quh> ?r\ ! vod a vattir ran4 ,?iddir 9 gret hy w5t he ?an1 ,& beg\? to re/ hym ?air1 ,& said he my*t no =?irmair4 7,"o acephal\s l9e47 7b7 ,wynt\n 7octosyllables some:at fre]73 ,?ir sevyn kyngis regn& 7 ,a hund] fully & =ty ye>1 ,& fra ?ir kyngis ?us c cess ,9 ,rome ?ai *esit twa consuls4 7,,iv4 ii4 #aeg-afj47 7c7 ,bl9d ,h>ry 7regul> decasyllables on ,fr5* model73 ,?an ,wallace so*t quh> 8 wncle suld be2 ,9 a dyrk cawe he 0 setdulfull1 ,quh> watt] /ud1 & he 9 yrnyss /rang4 ,wallace full sone ! brassis wp he dang2 ,(f t myrk holl bro*t him ) /r5? & ly/1 ,bot noyis he h>d1 (f no?+ ellis he wy/4 ,s bly? be= 9 w>ld he _h no*t beyn1 ,z ?air ) sy*t1 quh5 he _h ,wallace seyn4 7d7 ,james ,i4 7rhyme-royal73 ,= wakx & =-walowit1 ?us mus+1 ,w]y =la9 ,i li/enyt soddynlye1 ,& sone ,i h]d ! bell to matyns ryng1 ,& up ,i rase1 no long] wald ,i lye3 ,bot soon1 h[ tr[e ye8 ,sui* a fantasye ,fell me to mynd t ay me ?oght ! bell ,said to me1 ,tell on1 man1 :at ! befell4 7e7 ,h5ryson 7ballad measure2 slight anap/ic sub/itution73 ,makyne1 ! night is s(t & dry1 ,! w$dir is w>m & fair1 ,& ! gren wuid ri*t neir u by ,to walk out on all quhair3 ,?air ma na jangloor u espy1 ,t is to lufe contrair1 ,?air91 ,makyne1 ba? ye & ,i ,unse5 we ma repair4 ,^? :o d5y ! valu$ e 9 gr51 z n ,scots1 may refuse ! second in/ance ( trisyllabic feet1 b ! fir/ w rema94 7f7 ,dunb> 7allit]ative73 ,i saw ?re gay ladeis sit 9 ane gre9 arbeir1 ,all gra?it into g>l&is ( fres*e gudelie fl\ris2 ,s glitt]it z ! gold w] ?air glorius gilt tressis1 ,quhill all ! gressis did gleme ( ! glaid hewis2 ,kemmit 0 ?air cleir hair1 & curi\slie s*$ ,att\r ?air s*uld]is d\n s*yre1 s*yn+ full bri*t4 ,dunb> 7dimet] iambic quatra9s ) refra91 & mu* anap/ic sub/itution73 ,come nevir yet ,may s fres*e & gr5e1 ,bot ,janu> come als wud & k5e-- ,wes nevir sic dr[? bot anis come ra9e1 ,all erdly joy returnis 9 pane4 7g7 ,alex&] ,scott 7/anzas73 ,x cumis y[ luvaris to be laill1 ,( body1 hairt & mynd al haill1 ,& ?\gh ye ) ye> ladyis daill-- ,ress\n2 ,bot & y\r fai? & lawty faill-- ,tress\n6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,be l& or se1 ,quhaur evir ,i be1 ,z ye fynd me1 ,s tak me2 ,& gif ,i le1 ,& f y[ fle1 ,ay quhill ,i de ,=saik me6 7h7 ,montgom]ie 7,*]ry & ,slae /anza73 ,ab\t ane bank quhair birdis on bewis ,t5 ?\s& tymis ?air notis r5ewis ,ilke h\re into ! day1 ,! m]le & maueis mi*t be s5e1 ,! ,progne & ! ,phelom5e1 ,quhilk caussit me to /ay4 ,i lay & leynit me to ane bus ,to heir ! birdis beir2 ,?air mir? 0 sa melodi\s ,?r[ nature ( ! yeir2 ,sum s++1 "s spr++ ,) w+is into ! sky1 ,s trimlie1 & nimlie1 ,?ir birdis !y flew me by4 ,,xx4 ,,e>ly ,,elizabe?an ,,p]iod ,examples ( ,re=m$ ,metre f ,wyatt1 ,surrey1 & o!r ,poets be=e ,sp5s]4 7a7 ,wyatt 7sonnet7 ,! longe love t 9 my ?\ght ,i h>br ,& 9 my he>t do? keep 8 resid5ce1 ,into my face presse? ) bold pret5ce1 ,& !re camp? display+ 8 bannr3 ,%e t me le>ns to love & to suffr1 ,& wills t my tru/ & lu/es neglig5ce ,be re9ed by reason1 %ame1 & rever5ce1 ,) 8 h>dness taks displeasre1 ,:]e) love to ! h>tes =e/ he fle?1 ,leav+ 8 ent]prise ) pa9 & cry1 ,& !re him hide? & n ppe>?4 ,:at may ,i d8 :5 my ma/] fe>e?1 ,b 9 ! field ) him to live & die1 ,= good is ? life end+ fai?fully4 7,i =m]ly scann$ l9e #i3 ,:]e) love to ! h>t's fore/ he fle?4 ,b =/ is s frequ5t & makes su* a mu* bett] rhy?m t p]haps x %\ld be pref]r$4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 emphasise /ill fur!r ! poet's curi\s unc]ta9ty ab\t ! -e? rhymes--:e!r he %all arrange !m on t syllable only1 or take 9 ! p5ultimate4 ,besides ?is po9t1 ! /ud5t %\ld specially notice ! pa9s tak5 to get1 n m]ely ! feet1 b ! syllables "r at ! co/ sometimes ( pretty /rongly wr5*$ acc5t4 ,on all ?is see ,book ,,ii4 ,! f9al 's are r a curiosity ?an important3 long may h be5 s\nd$1 lu/e & h>te 7s pr9t$ 9 ,tottel7 improbably47 7b7 ,wyatt 7lyric /anza73 ,=get n yet ! tri$ int5t ,( su* a tru? z ,i h meant1 ,my great travil1 s gladly sp5t1 ,=get n yet6 ,=get n yet :5 fir/ began ,! weary life ye "k1 s9ce :an ,! suit1 ! s]vice1 none tell c-- ,=get n yet6 7,x w be obs]v$ t ?is rondeau-l motion1 ) its %ort l9es & frequ5t repetition1 is br\ght (f bett] ?an ! sonnet1 ?\gh ! ,fr5* acc5t /icks 9 travil47 7c7 ,surrey 7sonnet73 ,i never saw my lady lay ap>t ,h] cornet black1 9 cold nor yet 9 heat1 ,si? fir/ %e knew my grief 0 gr[n s great2 ,:i* o!r fancies drive? f my he>t1 ,t to myself ,i d ! ?\ght res]ve1 ,! :i* unw>es did w\nd my woeful brea/4 ,b on h] face m9e eyes m\ght nev] re/ ,yet1 s9ce %e knew ,i did h] love1 & s]ve ,h] golden tresses clad alway ) black1 ,h] smil+ looks t hides ?us evermore ,& t re/ra9s :i* ,i desire s sore4 ,s do? ?is cornet govern me1 alack6 ,9 summ] sun1 9 w9t]'s brea?1 a fro/ ,:]eby ! lights ( h] fair looks ,i lo/4 7,obs]ve h[ mu* m surely & lightly ! y\ng] poet treads 9 ! unc]ta9 pione] foot/eps ( ! eld]47 7d7 ,surrey 7p\lt]'s measure73 ,good ladies1 ye t h y\r pleasures 9 exile1 ,/ep 9 y\r foot1 come take a place & m\rn ) me a :ile2 ,& su* z by1 _! lords d set b little price1 ,let !m sit /ill1 x skills !m n :at *ance come on ! dice4 ,b ye :om love ha? b\nd by ord] ( desire ,to love y\r lords1 ^: good des]ts none o?er w\ld require1 ,come ye yet once aga9 & set y\r foot by m9e1 ,^: woful plight & sorr[s great no tongue c ev5 def9e4 7,v little to be said = x1 except z a s*ool ( regul> rhy?m4 ,brok5 up into %ort measure 7#f1 #f1 #h1 #f7 x has be5 n ineffective 9 hymns47 7e7 ,gascoigne 7lyric /anza73 ,s+ lullaby1 z women d1 ,:]e) !y br+ _! babes to re/1 ,& lullaby c ,i s+ too1 ,z womanly z c ! be/4 ,) lullaby !y /ill ! *ild2 ,& if ,i be n mu* beguil$1 ,full many wanton babes h ,i ,:i* mu/ be /ill$ ) lullaby4 7f7 ,turb]ville 7lyric /anza73 ,z ,i 9 ?is h done y\r w1 ,& m9d to d1 ,s ,i reque/ y to fulfil ,my fancy too1 ,a gre5 & lov+ he>t to h1 ,& ?is is all t ,i d crave4 7,obs]ve 9 bo? ( ^! ! absolute syllabic regul>ity1 & obs]vance ( foot-rhy?m47 ,,xxi4 ,,sp5s]#cg ,,at ,,diff]5t ,,p]iods 7a7 ,%ep4 ,kal4 7/rict /anza73 ,?\ b>r5 gr\nd1 :om w9t]'s wra? has wa/$1 ,art made a mirror to behold my plight3 ,:ilome ?y fre% spr+ fl[]'d1 & aft] ha/$ ,?y summ] pr\d1 ) daffodillies dight2 ,& n[ is come ?y w9t]'s /ormy /ate1 ,?y mantle m>r'd :]e9 ?\ masked/ late4 7,regul> iambs ?r\gh\t4 ,"o d\ble rhyme47 7b7 ,%ep4 ,kal4 7equival5c$ octosyllable--,*ri/abel or ,g5esis & ,exodus metre73 ,8 h>mful hat*t h hnt 9 h&1 7,alas6 t x s ready %uld /nd67 ,& to ! field alone he spe$e?1 7,aye little help to h>m !re ne$e?67 ,ang] n\ld let him speak t ? tre1 ,enauntr hs rge m\ght cooled bee2 ,b to ? rot bnt 8 /urdy /roke1 ,& made mny wunds 9 ! wa/e oak4 ,! axe's edge did (t turne aga91 ,z half unwillng t ct ! gra94 ,seem$ ! s5seless iron did fe>1 ,or to wrong holy eld dd frbar-- ,= x _h be5 an anci5t tree1 ,sacr$ ) many mst]y1 ,& (t5 crossd ) ! priests cruise ,& (t5 hall[$ ) holy wat] dews4 7,obs]ve t ?is la/ is ! only di/9ct1 if n ! only possible1 decasyllabic c\plet1 :ile x c become an ,alex&r9e by valu+ hall[d 2 & t prie/s is ! only attempt at valu$ ,*auc]ian e47 7c7 ,%ep4 ,kal4 7equival5c$ /anza73 ,br+ hi?r ? pnk & purple columb9e1 ,) gillyfl[]s2 ,br+ coronations & sops 9 w9e1 ,worn ( prmurs3 ,/r[ me ! gr\nd ) daffad[n dillies1#ch ,& c[slips & k+cups & loved lillis3 ,! pretty paunce1 ,& ! *evisaunce1 ,%all mat* ) ! fair fl['r delice4 ,x may be j desirable to rem9d ! /ud5t t a f9al -ion is commonly dissyllabic 9 ! sixte5? & e>li] sev5te5? c5turies4 ,worn ( p>am\rs is possible4 7d7 ,sp5s]ian /anza 7occasional1 b mo/ly slight1 equival5ce4 ,pause 9 ll4 #a-h at discretion2 9 #i usually at middle1 b1 z 9 ! foll[+1 n always73 ,s passe?1 9 ! pass+ ( a day ,( mortal life1 ! leaf1 ! bud1 ! fl[]2 ,no m do? fl\ri% aft] fir/ decay ,t er/ 0 s\ght to deck bo? b$ & b[] ,( many ldy nd mny pram\r6 ,ga!r1 !re=e1 ! rose :ile yet is prime1 ,= soon comes age t w h] pride defl[]3 ,ga!r ! rose ( love :il/ yet is "t1 ,:il/ lov+ ?\ may/ lovd be ) equal crime4 7e7 ,"m ,hubb]d's ,tale 7anti!tic & /opp$ h]oic c\plet73 ,full little "ke/ ?\ t ha/ n tri$1 ,:at hell x is1 9 su+ long to bide3 ,to lose good days t might be bett] sp5t2 ,to wa/e long nights 9 p5sive discont5t2 ,to spe$ to-day1 to be put back to-morr[2 ,to fe$ on hope1 to p9e ) fe> & sorr[2 ,to h ?y ,pr9ce's grace1 yet want h] ,pe]'s2 ,to h ?y ask+1 yet wait many ye>s2 ,to fret ?y s\l ) crosses & ) c>es2 ,to eat ?y he>t ?r\gh com=tless despairs2 ,to fawn1 to cr\*1 to wait1 to ride1 to run1 ,to sp5d1 to give1 to want1 to be undone4 7f7 ,epi?alamion 7elaborate quasi-,p9d>ic /anza conc]t$ 9 diff]5t l9e l5g?1 b almo/ /rictly iambic2 !1 etc41 be=e a v[el be+ probably elid$73 ,op5 ! temple gates unto my ,love1 ,op5 !m wide t %e may ent] 91 ,& all ! po/s adorn z do? behove1 ,& all ! pill>s deck ) g>l&s trim1 ,= to receive ?is ,sa9t ) honour due1 ,t come? 9 to y4 ,) trembl+ /eps1 & humble rever5ce1 ,%e come? 91 be=e ?' ,almighty's view3 ,( h]1 ye virg9s1 le>n obedi5ce1 ,:5 s ye come1 into ^? holy places1 ,to humble y\r pr\d faces3 ,br+ h] up to ?' ,high ,alt>1 t %e may ,! sacr$ ceremonies !re p>take ,! :i* d endless matrimony make2 ,& let ! ro>+ organs l\dly play ,! praises ( ! ,"l 9 lively notes1 ,! :iles ) holl[ ?roats ,! *ori/]s ! joyous an!m s+1 ,t all ! woods may answ]1 & _! e*o r+6 ,,xxii4 ,,examples ,,( ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,blank ,,v]se 7a7 ,surrey 7translation ( ,a5eid73 ,x 0 ! night2 ! s\nd & quiet sleep ,_h ?r\gh ! e>? ! we>y bodies caught1 ,! woods1 ! rag+ seas1 7 fall5 to re/1 ,:5 t ! />s _h half _! c\rse decl9$4 ,! fields :i/3 bea/s & f[ls ( div]s hue1 ,& :at s t 9 ! broad lakes rema9$1 ,or yet among ! bu%y ?icks ( bri>1 ,laid d[n to sleep by silence ( ! night1 ',gan swage _! c>es1 m9dless ( travails pa/4 ,n s ! _s ( ?is ,ph5ician4 ,unhappy %e t on no sleep c\ld *ance1 ,nor yet night's re/ ent] 9 eye or brea/4 ,h] c>es r$\ble3 love do? rise & rage aga91 ,& overfl[s ) swell+ /orms ( wra?4 7,! int]e/ ( ! new mode "h is manifold4 ,! l9es are almo/ :olly s+le-m\ld$1 ! au?or's anxiety to keep himself "r )\t rhyme necessitat+ ?is4 ,! csura at ! f\r? syllable is almo/ always kept1 accord+ to ! tradition ( ! ,fr5* l9e4 ,once 79 ! p5ultimate l9e7 he has to ov]fl[2 b into an ,alex&r9e1 n into ! next l9e4 ,:e!r by int5tion or n--sprite be+ possible--he once discov]s ! enorm\s advantage ( ! trisyllabic foot4#ci ,once he makes ) re/ & brea/ ! ov]sight ( a ,leon9e rhyme4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! success is rem>kable = a beg9n+2 & !re are indications ( :at has to be done to secure ! end47 7b7 ,fir/ dramatic attempts--,gorboduc onw>ds3 ,sid5ote3 ,sackville & ,norton4 ,y\r wont$ true reg>d ( fai?ful he>ts ,makes me1 ,o k+1 ! bolder to resume1 ,to speak :at ,i conceive )9 my brea/3 ,al?\gh ! same d n agree at all ,) t :i* o!r "h my lords h said1 ,nor :i* y\rself h seemd be/ to l4 7,gorboduc47 ,sid5ote3 ,hughes & o!rs4 ,:at6 %all ,i /& :iles ,ar?ur %$s my blood8 ,& mu/ ,i yield my neck unto ! axe8 ,:om fates con/ra9 let him =ego 8 bliss4 ,b he t ne$less yields unto 8 bane ,:5 he may %un1 does well des]ve to lose ,! good he cn use4 ,:o w\ld su/a9 ,a bas] life t may ma9ta9 ! be/8 7,mis=tunes ( ,ar?ur47 ,sid5ote3 ,peele4 ,7 evry %p t5 ?\s& on ! seas1 ,mann$ ) ! /r5g? ( all ! east]n k+s1 ,convey+ all ! monar*s ( ! _w1 ,t nvde ! isl& :]e h] ,highness reigns-- ',tw]e all 9 va93 = heavns nd dst9ies ,att5d & wait ^u h] ,maje/y6 7,battle ( ,alcaz>47 ,sid5ote3 ,gre5e4 ,:y ?9ks ,k+ ,h5ry's son t ,m>grt's lve ,hangs 9 ? ncrta9 balance ( pr\d "t8 ,t dea? %all make a discord ( our ?\ghts8 ,no6 /ab ! e>l3 & ere ! morn+ sun ,%all vaunt him ?rice ov] ! l(ty ea/1 ,mrgrt w meet h] ,lacy 9 ! heav5s6 7,f4 ,bacon & ,f4 ,bungay47 ,sid5ote3 ,m>l[e4 ,black is ! beauty ( ! brighte/ day6 ,! gold5 ball ( ,heaven's et]nal fire1 ,t danc$ ) glory on ! silv] waves1 ,n[ wants ! glory t inflam$ 8 beams3 ,& all = fa9tness & = f\l disgrace1 ,he b9ds 8 temples ) a fr[n+ cl\d1 ,ready to d>ken e>? ) endless night4 7,tamburla9e47 7,an extreme /iffness & s+le-m\ld$ness 9 ! l9es2 modifi$ 9 ,peele & ,gre5e by trisyllabic feet1 p]haps n int5d$ z su* 7heav'n 0 pretty c]ta9ly reg>d$ & g5]ally spelt z a monosyllable1 & ! pronunciations ev'ry & ,m>gret are old2 :ile t'invade & ?'unc]ta9 w\ld be likely71 b virtually s1 & invit+1 especially 9 ,m>g>et1 ! full & beautiful value4 ,! ,gorboduc =m1 z is natural1 is mu* ! lea/ accompli%$4 ,x is inde$ :at1 by an almo/ incompreh5sible inv]sion ( s5se & nature1 "s p call blank v]se accord+ to ! rules--t5 syllables only1 five almo/ /rictly iambic feet 7acc5t on ! ev5 places72 pause ne> ! middle2 /op1 metrical1 if n grammatical1 at e end--9 fact1 ! r\ghe/ & mo/ rudim5t>y =m possible47 7c7 ,e>ly non-dramatic blanks 7,gascoigne73 ,& on _! backs !y be> bo? l& & fee1 ,ca/les & t[]s1 rev5ues & receipts1 ,lord%ips & manors1 f9es1--yea f>ms--& all4 ,:at %\ld ^! be8 7speak y1 my lovely "l87 ,!y be n m53 = :y1 !y h no be>ds4 ,!y be no boys1 :i* we> su* sidelong g[ns4 ,!y be no gods1 = all _! gallant gloss4 ,!y be no devils1 ,i tr[1 :i* seem s sa9ti%4 ,:at be !y8 women8 mask+ 9 m5's we$s ,) dut*k9 d\blets & ) j]kins jagg$8 ,) ,spani% spangs1 & ruffs set out ( ,france1 ,) high copt hats & fea?ers flaunt-a-flaunt8 ,!y be1 s sure1 ev5 woe to m5 inde$4 7,x w be notic$ t ! s+le-m\ld$ "* is ev5 m noticeable "h ?an 9 drama1 & is emphasis$ by ! epanaphora4 ,!re is "o r$undance--sa9ti% 7jagg$ is probably jagg'd71 &1 z we "k t ! au?or ?\ght ! iamb ! only ,engli% foot1 we mu/ n read rvnue1 b1 ) t['rs1 revnue--:i* inde$ 01 by precisians1 reg>d$ z ! correct pronunciation n s v long ago47 7d7 ,p]fect$ s+le-m\ld3 ,sid5ote3 ,peele4 ,come1 g5tle ,zephyr1 trick'd ) ^? p]fmes ,t er/ 9 ,ed5 sweeten'd ,adam's love1 ,& /roke my bosom ) ?y silken fan3 ,?is %ade1 sun-pro(1 is yet no pro( = !e2 ,?y body1 smoo?er ?an ?is waveless spr+1 ,& pur] ?an ! sub/ance ( ! same1 ,c creep ?r\gh t 8 lances cn pi]ce3 ,?\1 & ?y sist]1 s(t & sacr$ ,air1 ,goddess ( life1 & governess ( heal?1 ,keep every f\nta9 fre% & arb\r sweet2 ,no braz5 gate h] passage c repulse1 ,nor bu%y ?icket b> ?y subtle brea?3 ,!n deck !e ) ?y loose delight "s robes1 ,& on ?y w+s br+ delicate p]fumes1 ,to play ! wanton ) u ?r\gh ! leaves4 7,david & ,be?sabe47 ,sid5ote3 ,m>l[e4 ,if all ! p5s t ever poets held ,_h f$ ! feel+ ( _! mast]s' ?\ghts1 ,& every sweetness t inspir'd _! he>ts1 ,_! m9ds1 & muses1 on admird !mes2 ,if all ! heavenly qu9tess5ce !y '/ill ,f _! immortal fl[]s ( poesy1 ,:]e9 z 9 a mirror we p]ceive ,! highe/ rea*es ( a human wit2 ,if ^! _h made "o poem's p]iod1 ,& all comb9$ 9 beauty's wor?iness1 ,yet %\ld !re hover 9 _! re/less heads ,"o ?\ght1 "o grace1 "o wond] at ! lea/1 ,:i* 9to words no virtue c dige/4 7,tamburla9e47 7,^! passages1 despite _! extreme poetical beauty1 are /ill prosodically immature4 ,ev5 :51 z 9 ! la/1 !re are l9es ) no te*nical /op at ! end1 z at held & heads1 ! grammatical incomplet5ess does n int]f]e ) ! r\nd+ (f ( ! prosodic p]iod or sub-p]iod4 ,m>l[e 7v4 inf47 c\ld enjamb c\plet beautifully1 b n blank v]se4 ,note also t ! l9es are /rictly decasyllabic1 ! only h9ts at trisyllabic feet be+ 9 words l ,heav51 !n regul>ly a monosyllable1 every1 & fl[ers47 7e7 ,%akespe>e4 7#a7 ,e>ly s+le-m\ld$3 ,^u 8 bloody f9g] he do? we> ,a preci\s r+1 t lightens all ! hole1 ,:i*1 l ! tap] 9 "s monum5t1 ,do? %9e ^u ! dead man's e>?y *eeks1 ,& %[s ! ragg$ entrails ( ! pit4 7,titus ,&ronicus47 7,same rem>ks apply+ z to ! la/ citation47 7#b7 ,beg9n+ ( p]fect$ /age3 ,:y art ?\ yet s fair8 %all ,i believe ,t unsub/antial dea? is amor\s1 ,& t ! lean abhorrd mon/] keeps ,!e "h 9 d>k to be 8 p>am\r8 ,= fe> ( t1 ,i /ill w /ay ) !e3 ,& nev] f ?is palace ( dim night ,dep>t aga93 "h1 "h w ,i rema9 ,) worms t are ?y *amb]-maids2 ,o1 "h ,w ,i set up my everla/+ re/4 ,& %ake ! yoke ( 9auspici\s />s ,f ?is _w-we>i$ fle%4 7,romeo & ,juliet47 7,no trisyllabic feet yet1 & no r$undance3 b1 by %ift ( pause & complet] juncture ( l9es1 ! p>agraph effect solidly f\nd$47 7#c7 ,fur!r process 9 ! same direction3 ,nay1 b ?is dotage ( our g5]al's ,o'erfl[s ! measure3 ^? 8 goodly eyes1 ,t o'er ! files & mu/]s ( ! w> ,h gl[$ l plat$ ,m>s1 n[ b5d1 n[ turn1 ,! (fice & devotion ( _! view ,^u a tawny front3 8 capta9's he>t1 ,:i* 9 ! scuffles ( great fights ha? bur/ ,! buckles on 8 brea/1 r5eagues all temp]1 ,& is become ! bell[s & ! fan ,to cool a gipsy's lu/4 7,antony & ,cleopatra47 7,"h ! d\ble division m>ks indicate /rong]1 & ! s+le light]1 pauses--n1 z usually 9 ! latt] case1 feet4 ,! v>iation ( ! pause = p>agraph effect is "h consummate2 b ! v]se1 z its conditions require1 is ( ! sev]] type47 7#d7 ,p]fection 9 passion3 ,bl[ w9ds1 & crack y\r *eeks6 rage6 bl[6 ,y cataracts & hurricanoes1 sp\t ,till y h dr5*'d our /eeples1 dr[n'd ! cocks6 ,y sulphur\s & ?\ght-execut+ fires1 ,vaunt-c\ri]s to oak-cleav+ ?und]bolts1 ,s+e my :ite head6 ,& ?\1 all-%ak+ ?und]1 ,smite flat ! ?ick rotundity o' ! _w6 ,crack nature's m\lds1 all g]m5s spill at once1 ,t make +rateful man6 7,k+ ,le>47 7,e ext5sion tak54 ,monosyllabic feet ei!r at ! fir/ bl[ & w9ds1 or ! la/1 & rage1 p]haps at bo? 7an ,alex&r9e74 ,trisyllabic at -phru nd1 rrs t1 & ty '4 ,r$undance at -+ ?und]4 ,pause fully play$ ^u z above3 enjambm5t at sp\t2 p>5!tic enjambm5t at fires47 7#e7 ,p]fection 9 quiet3 ,our revels n[ are ended4 ,^! our actors1 ,z ,i =etold y1 7 all spirits1 & ,are melted 9to air1 into ?9 air3 ,&1 l ! baseless fabric ( ?is vision1 ,! cl\d-capp$ t[]s1 ! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself1 ,yea1 all :i* x inh]x1 %all dissolve ,&1 l ?is 9sub/antial pageant fad$1 ,leave n a rack beh9d4 ,we are su* /uff ,z dreams are made (1 & our little life ,is r\nded ) a sleep4 7,! ,tempe/47 7,n mu* trisyllabic--! dream9ess n requir+ x4 ,a good deal ( r$undance1 & enjambm5t pu%$ ne>ly to ! fur!/ by tak+ place at &4#dj7 7f7 ,r$undance encroa*+4 ,beaumont & ,flet*]3 ,oh ?\ conqueror1 ,?\ glory ( ! _w once1 n[ ! pity3 ,?\ awe ( nations1 :]e=e did/ ?\ fail u8 ,:at poor fate foll[$ !e1 & pluck$ !e on ,to tru/ ?y sacr$ life to an ,egyptian8 ,! life & light ( ,rome to a bl9d /rang]1 ,t honourable w> ne'er taught a nobl5ess ,nor wor?y circum/ance %['d :at a man 08 ,t nev] he>d ?y "n sung b 9 banquets ,& loose lascivi\s pleasures8 to a boy ,t _h no fai? to compreh5d ?y greatness1 ,no /udy ( ?y life to "k ?y goodness8444 ,egyptians1 d>e y ?9k y\r high pyramides ,built to out-dure ! sun1 z y suppose1 ,:]e y\r unwor?y k+s lie rak'd 9 a%es1 ,are monum5ts fit = him6 ,no1 brood ( ,nilus1 ,no?+ c cover 8 high fame b heav52 ,no pyramid set (f 8 memories1 ,b ! et]nal sub/ance ( 8 greatness1 ,to :i* ,i leave him4 7,! ,false ,"o47 7,"h x w be se5 !re are two actual ,alex&r9es 7?ree if we all[ ! full value to conqu]or7 & twelve r$undant l9es to f\r non-r$undant6 ,! fire ( ! poetry fuses ?is1 b _c always be c\nt$ on1 z 9 ! next47 7#b7 ,if ,i _h swell$ ! soldi]1 or int5d$ ,an act 9 p]son lean+ to di%on\r1 ,z y w\ld fa9 h =c$ me1 witness ,heav51 ,:]e cle>e/ under/&+ ( all tru? is 7,= m5 are spiteful m51 & "k no piety74 ,:5 ,ol9 came1 grim ,ol91 :5 8 m>*es1 etc41 etc41 etc4 7,! ,loyal ,subject47 7,:i*1 ) its repetition ( /umbl+ amphibra*ic ends1 is r hide\s47 7g7 ,spread ( ! infection1 & complete decay ( blank v]se f v>i\s causes4 7#a7 ,%irley3 ,i d>e1 ,) consci5ce or my pure int5t1 try :at ,rud5ess y f9d ^u my lip1 'tis *a/e ,z ! desires t brea! ^u my language4 ,i began1 ,felis>da1 to affect !e ,by see+ !e at pray]s2 ?y virtue w+$ ,love's arr[s fir/1 & 'tw]e a sacrilege ,to *oose !e n[ = s91 t ha/ a p[] ,to make ?is place a temple by ?y 9noc5ce4 ,i "k ?y pov]ty1 & came n to ,bribe x aga9/ ?y *a/ity2 if ?\ ,v\*safe ?y fair & hone/ love1 x %all ,adorn my =tunes :i* %all /oop to s]ve x ,9 spite ( fri5ds or de/9y4 7,! ,bro!rs47 7,actual scansion q correct1 & !re=e n m>k$ ?r\gh\t4 ,r$undance n excessive 7innoc5ce may be tak5 z su*1 & n z mak+ an ,alex&r9e1 if lik$72 h>dly any1 & no misus$1 trisyllabic feet4 ,b enjambm5t at :at1 to1 ?\1 & %all badly manag$47 7#b7 ,suckl+3 ,s(tly1 z dea? itself comes on ,:5 x do? /eal away ! sick man's brea?1 ,& /&]s-by p]ceive x n1 ,h ,i trod ! way unto _! lodg+s4 ,h[ wisely d ^? p[]s ,t give u happ9ess ord] x6 7,aglaura47 7,a hopeless jumble4 ,! #a/1 z a fragm5t1 & #bnd l9es are all "r1 & ! #f? c\ld be complet$ prop]ly4 ,b #c1 #d1 & #e--?\gh #c & #e c\ld come 9 ) o!r companions--upset any k9d ( cont9u\s arrangem5t1 & #d w\ld h>dly be good any:]e47 7#c7 ,dav5ant3 ,rhodol9da do? become h] title ,& h] bir?4 ,s9ce depriv$ ( popul> ,homage1 %e ha? be5 que5 ov] h] great self4 ,9 ?is captivity ne'er passionate ,b :5 %e he>s me "n ! k+1 & !n ,h] passions n ( ang] ta/e b love3 ,love ( h] conqu]or2 he t 9 fi]ce ,battle 7:5 ! cannon's sulphur\s brea? ,cl\d$ ! day7 h] noble fa!r slew4 7,albov9e47 7,m hopeless /ill1 & left unscann$ = ! /ud5t's edification47 7h7 ,! ,miltonic ,re/oration4 ,e>ly dramatic exp]im5t4 ,comus is evid5tly writt5 "u ?ree diff]5t influ5ces1 :i* may be said to be 9 ! ma9 ^? ( ,m>l[e1 ,%akespe>e1 & ,flet*]4 ,! poet (t5 uses ,flet*]'s heavy trisyllabic end+s-- ,bore a bright gold5 fl[]1 b n n ?s sil2 & has n infrequ5t ,alex&r9es1 ! mo/ c]ta9 ( :i* is-- ,z to make ?is relation4 ,c>e & utmo/ %ifts4 ,b he makes ! v]se m & m free & orig9al1 z 9 ! foll[+ extracts3 ,yea1 !re :]e very desolation dwells1 ,by grots & cav]ns %agg$ ) horrid %ades1 ,%e may pass on ) unbl5*$ maje/y1 ,be x n done 9 pride or 9 presumption4 ,"s say no evil ?+ t walks by night1 ,9 fog or fire1 by lake or moori% f51 ,blue meagre hag1 or /ubborn unlaid gho/1 ,t breaks 8 magic *a9s at curfew "t1 ,no gobl9 or sw>t faery ( ! m9e1 ,ha? hurtful p[] o'er true virg9ity4 ,d ye believe me yet1 or %all ,i call ,antiquity f ! old s*ools ( ,greece ,to te/ify ! arms ( *astity8 ,h5ce _h ! huntress ,dian h] dread b[1 ,fair silv]-%afted que5 = ever *a/e1 ,:]e) %e tam$ ! br9ded lioness ,& spott$ m\nta9-p>d1 b set at n\ght ,! frivlu blt ( ,cupid2 gods & m5 ,fe>$ h] /]n fr[n1 & %e 0 que5 ' ? wods4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,me?\ght x 0 ! s\nd ,( riot & ill-manag$ m]rim5t1 ,su* z ! jocund flute or gamesome pipe ,/irs up among ! loose unlett]$ h9ds1 ,:51 = _! teem+ flocks & granges full1 ,9 wanton dance !y praise ! b\nte\s ,pan1 ,& ?ank ! gods amiss4 7,! full comm5ts giv5 on previ\s passages make x unnecess>y to annotate ?is mu*4 ,! la/ passage has ! full p>agraph comb9ation4#da7 ,,xxiii4 ,,examples ,,( ,,elizabe?an ,,lyric 7a7 ,prae-,sp5s]ian3 ,n light ( love1 lady1 ,?\gh fancy d prick !e1 ,let con/ancy possess ?y he>t3 ,well wor?y ( blamyng ,!y be & defam+1 ,f plighted tro? :i* back d />t4 ,de> dame6 ,!n fickl5ess bani% ,& folly ext9gui%1 ,be skilful 9 guid+1 ,& /ay !e f slid+1 ,& /ay !e1 ,& /ay !e6 7,gorge\s ,gall]y ( ,gallant ,inv5tions 7#aegh747 7,anap/ic sub/itution 7if n def9ite anap/ic base7 aris+ d\btless r f tune ?an f delib]ate prosodic purpose2 b q prosodically correct1 & sure to propagate itself47 7b7 ,po/-,sp5s]ian3 ,my bonny lass1 ?9e eye1 ,s sly ,ha? made me sorr[ s-- ,?y crimson *eeks1 my de>1 ,s cle>1 ,h s mu* wr\ght my woe1 7,phnix ,ne/ 7#aeic747 7,pure iambics2 effect produc$ by %ort bob rhymes47 7c7 ,b5 ,jonson 7/rict common measure73 ,drnk t me only ) ?9e eyes ,& ,i w pl$ge ) m9e2 ,or leave a kiss b 9 ! cup ,& ,i'll n look = w9e4 ,! ?ir/ t f ! s\l do? rise ,do? ask a dr9k div9e2 ,b might ,i ( ,jve's nct> sip1 ,i w\ld n *ange = ?9e4 7,z mo/ly ) ,b51 /rict iambics1 save = ! op5+ tro*ee1 & some?+ l a spondee 9 ,jove's nec-4 ,! wond]ful effect :i* he1 or ,donne1 or ! ,_s ( ! ,age1 taught to ! next two g5]ations is produc$ entirely by c>eful *oice & f+]+ ( ! words & rhymes47 7d7 ,b5 ,jonson 7anap/ic measure73 ,see ! *ariot at h& "h ( ,love6 ,:]e9 my ,lady ride?4 ,ea* t draws is a swan or a dove1 ,& well ! c> ,love guide?4 ,z %e goes1 all he>ts d duty ,unto h] beauty2 ,& enamour$ d wi%1 s !y might ,b enjoy su* a sight1 ,t !y /ill 7 to run by h] side ,?or\gh ponds1 ?or\gh seas1 :i!r %e w\ld ride4 7,?r\gh1 z (t51 is probably to be valu$ ?or\gh1 & *>iot 0 g5]ally *awyot or *>ret4 ,x w be obs]v$ t al?\gh ?is is f9e x is slightly lab\r$4 ,! age 0 h>dly at ease ) ! anap/ z yet47 7e7 ,campion 7selections73 ,engli% ,fllw1 fllw1 anacreontic4 ,?\gh ) mis*ief ,arm$ l :irlw9d ,h[ %e flies /ill4 ,engli% ,con/ant to none1 b ever false to me1 7#a7 elegiac4 ,traitor /ill to love ?r\gh ?y false ,classical desires1 ,n hope ( pity n[1 nor va9 r$ress1 ,turns my grief to te>s & renew$ lam5ts4 ,engli% ,rose-*eek$ ,laura1 come2 iambic4 ,s+ ?\ smoo?ly ) ?y beauty's ,silent music1 ei!r o!r ,sweetly grac+4 ,fllw ? fir sn1 nhppy %dw6 ,?ugh ?u b blck s nght1 ,& %e made all ( light1 ,yet foll[ ?y fair sun1 unhappy %ad[6 7#b7 ,natural ,break n[1 my he>t1 & die6 ,o no1 %e may rel5t-- ,let my despair prevail6 ,o /ay1 hope is n sp5t4 ,%\ld %e n[ fix "o smile on !e1 :]e 7 despair8 ,! loss is b easy :i* smiles c repair2 ,a /rang] w\ld please !e1 if %e 7 z fair4 ,! /ud5t %\ld require little assi/ance "h1 odd z "s ( ! rhy?ms may seem4 ,b ,rose-*eek$ ,laura ought to be tro*aically scann$1 & w !n be naturally ,engli%4 ,no?+ c make ! ,engli% elegiac h>moni\s4 ,note t l9e #c ( ,break n[ may be anap/ic l #d & #e3 ,%uld % nw fx ne smle1 etc4#db ,,xxiv4 ,,e>ly ,,cont9u\s ,,anap,,/s 7a7 ,tuss] 7#a/ ed4 #aeeg2 complete1 #aegc73 ,n[ leeks are 9 season = pottage full good1 ,& sp>e? ! mil* c[ & purge? ! blood3 ,^! hav+ ) peason = pottage 9 ,l5t1 ,?\ sp>e/ bo? oatmeal & bread to be sp5t4 7,p]fectly good1 ?\gh n v euphoni\s47 7b7 ,gif=d1 ,h4 7#aehj73 ,if ,i %\ld write ra%ly :at comes 9 my tra9 ,x might be su* matt] z likes y n be/1 ,& ra!r ,i w\ld great sorr[ su/a9 ,?an n to fulfil y\r lawful reque/4 7c7 ,m>y ,ambree 7c4 #aehd73 ,:5 capta9s c\rage\s :om dea? c\ld n daunt ,did m>* to ! siege ( ! city ( ,gaunt1 ,!y must]$ _! soldi]s by two & by ?ree1 ,& ! =emo/ 9 battle 0 ,mary ,ambree4 7,p]cy pat*$ ! bracket$ words 78 copy be+ evid5tly corrupt7 9 l9es #a & #b4 ,b #c & #d are exactly z 9 ! folio2 & _! anap/ic base is q cle>4 ,at ! same "t1 x is wor? rem>k+ t ^! e>ly l9es are apt1 frequ5tly ?\gh n regul>ly1 to buttress _! />t on a dissyllabic foot47 ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,enjamb$ ,,h]oic ,,c\plet 7#aehj-affj7 7a7 ,sp5s]4 ,! v op5+ ( ,"m ,hubb]d's ,tale 7#aeia71 quot$ above 7p4 #fb7 9 its /opp$ aspect1 %[s ! way to enjambm5t3 ,x 0 ! mon? 9 :i* ! "re\s ,maid1 ,t = disda9 ( s9ful _w's upbraid1 ,fl$ back to heav54 ,& we h1 fur!r1 an in/ance z %ock+ to regul> prosodi/s z any?+ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury3 ,:ilome1 said %e1 be=e ! _w 0 civil1 ,! ,fox & ?' ,ape1 dislik+ ( _! evil ,& h>d e/ate4 7b7 ,m>l[e--z rem>kable 9 ,h]o & ,le&] = ?is z = s+le-m\ld+ 9 blank v]se3 ,:]e ! gr\nd ,0 /rew$ ) pe>l1 & 9 l[ coral groves ,sweet-s++ m]maids sport$ ) _! loves ,on heaps ( heavy gold4 7c7 ,drayton began ) fairly sep>at$ c\plets2 b indulg$ 9 ov]runn+ lat]1 z 9 ,david & ,golia?3 ,grim visage w> m /]nly do? awake ,?an x 0 wont & furusly ,h] lightn+ sword4 7d7 ,br[ne3 ,x *anc$ "o morn1 clad 9 a robe ( grey1 ,& blu%+ (t1 z ris+ to betray1 ,entic$ ?is lovely maid5 f h] b$ 7,s :5 ! roses h discov]d ,_! ta9tless beauties1 flies ! e>ly bee ,ab\t ! w9d+ alleys m]rily7 ,into ! wood1 & 'twas h] usual sport1 ,sitt+ :]e mo/ h>moni\s birds resort1 ,to imitate _! w>bl+ 9 ,aprl1 ,wr\ght by ! h& ( ,pan1 :i* %e did fill ,half full ( wat]4 7,! actual v]se-s5t5ce does n end = ano!r half-doz5 l9es2 b ! scansion is s p]fectly regul> t x seems unnecess>y to m>k x4 ,aprl is q ,sp5s]ian1 & has bo? ,lat9 & ,fr5* ju/ification47 7e7 ,! lat] sev5te5?-c5tury enjamb]s3 ,*alkhill4 ,! rebels1 z y he>d1 be+ driv5 h5ce1 ,despair+ e'er to expiate _! (f5ce ,by a too late submission1 fl$ to sea ,9 su* poor b>ks z !y c\ld get1 :]e !y ,roam$ up & d[n1 :i* way ! w9ds did please1 ,)\t a *>t or compass3 ! r\gh seas ,enrag$ ) su* a load ( wick$ness1 ,grew big ) bill[s1 great 0 _! di/ress2 ,yet 0 _! c\rage great]2 desp]ate m5 ,gr[ valiant] ) suff]+3 9 _! k5 ,0 a small isl&1 ?i!rw>d !y /e] ,_! wea!r-beat5 b>ks1 ea* plies 8 ge>2 ,"s r[1 "s pump1 "s trim ! ragg$ sails1 ,all 7 employ$ & indu/ry prevails4 7,!alma & ,cle>*us1 #bbjc-bbaf47 ,m>mion4 ,:5 y are l&$1 & a little pa/ ,! ,/ygian f]ry1 y y\r eyes %all ca/ ,& spy "s busy at _! :eel1 & ^! ,are ?ree old wom51 call$ ! ,de/9ies4 7,cupid & ,psy*e1 iii4 #bei-bfb47 ,*amb]layne4 ,b ere ! weak ,euriolus 7= he ,?is hapless /rang] 07 aga9 c\ld be ,by /r5g? support$1 base ,am>us1 :o ,c\ld ?9k no m ?an priceless ?anks 0 due ,= all 8 dang]\s pa9s1 m bea/ly rude ,?an untam$ ,indians1 basely did exclude ,t noble gue/3 :i* be+ ) sorr[ se5 ,by ,ammida1 ^: pray]s & te>s _h be5 ,8 helpless advocates1 %e gives 9 *>ge ,to h] ,ism&]--till t "t enl>ge ,h] ?an re/ra9$ desires1 he ent]ta9 ,h] desolate & w&]+ fri5d4 ,nor va9 ,7 ^! comm&s1 8 ent]ta9m5t be+ ,su* z obs]vant love ?\ght be/ agree+ ,to h] desires4 7,ph>onnida1 ,,iv4 iii4 #bdc-bef47 7,! same rem>k applies "h z to ,br[ne4 ,"s ( ^! poets are inde$ great apo/rophators1 su* ?+s z t' = to1 b' = by1 & 's = 8 be+ common4 ,b ^! ugl9esses are g5]ally resort$ to 9 ord] to atta9 or keep ! /rict decasyllabic4 ,*alkhill 7an actual ,elizabe?an1 if he 0 any?+7 is less %y ( at lea/ app>5t trisyllabics1 z 9 bng drven1 expte ?ir4 ,! d\ble rhyme ( sea to !y & seas to please is wor? notic+2 v4 sup4 ,rule #cd1 p4 #cd47 ,,xxvi4 ,,! ,,/opp$ ,,h]oic ,,c\plet 7#aehj-affj7 7a7 ,sp5s] 7,"m ,hubb]d's ,tale71 v4 sup4 p4 #fb4 7b7 ,drayton 7,h]oical ,epi/les1 ,suffolk to ,m>g>et73 ,we all d brea! ^u ?is e>?ly ball1 ,likewise "o ,heav'n encompasse? u all2 ,no bani%m5t c be to u assign$ ,:o do? reta9 a true resolv$ m9d2 ,man 9 himself a little _w do? be>1 ,8 s\l ! mon>* ev] rul+ !re2 ,:]ev] !n 8 body do? rema9 ,he is a k+ t 9 himself do? reign4 7,"h all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! eighte5?-c5tury c\plet may be f\nd--! c5tral csura or split1 ! balance ( ! two halves1 ! completion ( s5se 9 ! c\plet & almo/ 9 ! l9e47 7c7 ,fairfax 7end c\plets73 ,if ficti\s light ,i mix ) ,tru? ,div9e ,& fill ^! l9es ) o!r praise ?an ,?9e4 7i4 #b47 ,we fur!r seek :at _! (f5ces be3 ,guiltless ,i quit2 guilty ,i set !m free4 7ii4 #e47 ,?ro' love ! haz>d ( fi]ce w> to prove1 ,fam\s = arms1 b fam\s m = love4 7iii4 #dj47 ,9 fa%ions wayw>d1 & 9 love unk9d1 ,= ,cupid deigns n w\nd a curri% m9d4 7iv4 #df47 7,obs]ve "h ! t5d5cy1 n m]ely to balance1 b to positive anti!sis1 9 ! halves47 7d7 ,beaumont1 ,sir ,john3 ,! reli% ( ! ,muse consi/s 9 rhyme3 ,"o v]se mu/ meet ano!r l a *ime4 ,our ,saxon %ortness ha? peculi> grace ,9 *oice ( words fit = ! end+-place1 ,:i* leave impression 9 ! m9d z well ,z clos+ s\nds ( "s delightful bell4 7e7 ,s&ys4 ,comp>e ! op5+s ( ,job ,i4 & ,,ii43 ,9 ,hus1 a l& :i* ne> ! sun's uprise ,& nor!rn conf9es ( ,saba lies1 ,a great example ( p]fection reign$1 ,8 "n 0 ,job1 8 s\l ) guilt un/a9$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aga9 :5 all ! radiant sons ( light ,be=e ,8 ?rone appe>$1 ,^: only sight ,beatitude infus$2 ! ,invet]ate ,foe1 ,9 fogs asc5d+ f ! dep? bel[1 ,pr(an$ _! ble/ assembly4 7f7 ,wall]3 ,) ! sweet s\nd ( ?is h>moni\s lay ,ab\t ! keel delight$ dolph9s play2 ,too sure a sign ( sea's ensu+ rage ,:i* mu/ anon ?is royal troop engage2 ,to :om s(t sleep seems m secure & sweet ,)9 ! t[n comm&$ by our fleet4 7g7 ,c[ley 7,davideis73 ,lo6 ) pure h&s ?y heav5ly fire to take1 ,my well-*ang'd muse ,i a pure ve/al make4 ,f ,e>?'s va9 joys & ,love's s(t wit*craft free1 ,i consecrate my ,magdal5e to !e4 ,lo1 ?is great "w1 a temple to ?y praise ,on poli%'d pill>s ( /rong v]se ,i raise-- ,a temple :]e if ?\ v\*safe to dwell ,x ,solomon's & ,h]od's %all excel4 7,x %\ld be obs]v$ on ^! t 9 ,beaumont1 ,s&ys ,i41 ,wall]1 & ,c[ley ! sep>ation ( ! c\plets is /rictly ma9ta9$2 9 ,s&ys ,,ii4 n4 ,9 fact1 ?is passage1 b = ! rhymes1 has almo/ ! run ( ,miltonic blank v]se4 ,wall] once approa*es an initial tro*ee or inv]sion ( acc5t 9 ,) !4 ,"h ,c[ley is pretty regul>4 ,b n f> (f may be f\nd su* a l9e z-- ,!mselves at fir/ aga9/ !mselves !y excite2 :]e he mu/ ei!r h int5d$ !y-ex- to be elid$ or h meant an anap/ic end+ ( ! k9d s common 9 ! dramati/s 8 contempor>ies4 ,& he con/antly uses 7explicitly def5d+ x7 ! ,alex&r9e1 z 9-- ,l "s fair p9e o'erlook+ all ?' ignobl] wood1 or-- ,:i* runs1 &1 z x runs1 = ever %all run on2 :ile he (t5 employs tro*ees or spondees4 ,he does n use ! triplet 9 ! ,davideis1 b does else:]e1 &1 aft] ,virgil1 he sometimes indulges 9 half-l9es47 ,,xxvii4 ,,v>i\s ,,=ms ,,( ,,octosyllable-,,heptasyllable 7,,late ,,sixte5? ,,& ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury7 7a7 ,%akespe>e 7d\btfully873 7#a7 ,k+ ,pandion he is dead1 ,all ?y fri5ds are lapp$ 9 lead4 7#b7 ,let ! bird ( l\de/ lay ,on ! sole ,arabian tree4 7,^! di/i*s f ! ,passionate ,pilgrim w illu/rate ! two diff]5t =ms :i* ! heptasyllable--really an octosyllable acephal\s or catalectic--c take4 ,! catalectic =m 7#a7 becomes tro*aic2 ! acephal\s 7#b71 iambic4 ,!y c be int]*ang$1 & ei!r c gr\p ) ! full iambic dimet]2 b1 individually1 x w\ld spoil 7#a7 to scan x z iambic1 7#b7 to scan x z tro*aic4 ,yet on acc5tual scansion !re is no diff]5ce2 & "s advocates ( rec5t fancy /ress-sy/ems ma9ta9 t ! rhy?ms are id5tical67 7b7 ,%akespe>e 7almo/ c]ta9ly73 ,! cat ) eyne ( burn+ coal ,n[ c\*es '=e ! m\se's hole1 ,& crickets s+ at ! oven's m\? ,z ! bli?er f _! dr\?4 7,9 ?is fam\s & em95tly ,%akespe>ian passage f ,p]icles1 ! la/ l9e1 a heptasyllable1 goes p]fectly ) ! re/1 or octosyllables1 ei!r z acephal\s or z catalectic1 ei!r z an iambic fell[ or a tro*aic sub/itute47 7c7 ,%akespe>e 7c]ta9ly73 ,& we fairies1 t d run ,by ! trple ,hecate's team1 ,f ! pres5ce ( ! sun ,foll[+ d>kness l a dream1 ,n[ are frolic3 n a m\se ,%all di/urb ?is hall[$ h\se3 ,i am s5t ) broom be=e1 ,to sweep ! du/ beh9d ! door4 7,f ,a ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream4 ,same z la/1 except t ! full octosyllable is only rea*$ at ! end1 & p]haps 9 l9e #d4 ,hecate1 z (t51 is dissyllabic47 7d7 ,br[ne1 ,w43 ,be ever fre%6 ,let no man d>e ,to spoil ?y fi%1 make lock or we>1 ,b on ?y m>g5t /ill let dwell1 ,^? fl[]s :i* h ! sweete/ smell1 ,& let ! du/ ^u ?y /r& ,become1 l ,tagus1 golden s&4 ,let z mu* good betide to !e ,z ?\ ha/ fav\r %[$ to me4 7,pure octosyllables4 ,!re is a catalectic l9e n[ & !n else:]e1 b x is an evid5t exception47 7e7 ,)]3 ,= 9 h] a grace !re %9es1 ,t o'er-d>+ ?\ghts conf9es1 ,mak+ wor?less m5 despair ,to be lov$ ( "o s fair4 ,yea1 ! ,de/9ies agree1 ,"s good judgm5ts bl9d %\ld be1 ,& n ga9 ! p[] ( kn[+ ,^? r>e beauties 9 h] gr[+4 7,pure heptasyllables1 tak+ ei!r cad5ce1 &1 :5 ext5d$1 ow+ ! ext5sion ma9ly1 if n :olly1 to ! d\ble rhyme4 ,! fir/ l9e gives ! alt]native scansion2 b ,)]'s run is1 on ! :ole1 tro*aic1 z ,br[ne's is iambic47 ,,xxviii4 ,,common1 ,,long1 ,,& ,,9 ,,memoriam ,,measure 7,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury7 7a7 ,see above1 ,,xxiii41 = ,dr9k to me only4 7b7 ,donne7871 ,ayton7871 ,anon47871 7,c4,m473 ,?\ s5t'/ me late a he>t 0 cr[n$1 ,i took x to be ?9e2 ,b :5 ,i saw x _h a w\nd1 ,i knew t he>t 0 m9e4 ,a b\nty ( a /range conceit6 ,to s5d m9e own to me1 ,& s5d x 9 a worse e/ate ,?an :5 x came to !e4 7,a capital example ( ! possibility ( rhetorical addition to ! /rict foot-sy/em1 z 9 l9e #b1 ,i took x to be ?9e4#dc ,= concayt & e/ate cf4 sup4 ,,xxv4 sub f947 7c7 ,h]rick 7,c4,m473 ,bid me to live & ,i w live ,?y ,prote/ant to be2 ,or bid me love1 & ,i w give ,a lov+ he>t to !e4 7,/rongly flav\r$1 & greatly improv$1 by tro*aic sub/itution 9 fir/ foot47 7d7 ,m>vell 7,l4,m473 ,my love is ( a bir? z r>e ,z 'tis = object1 /range & high-- ,x 0 begott5 ( ,despair ,^u ,impossibility4 7e7 ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury 7,9 ,memoriam metre73 ,= ^: affection once is %[n1 ,no longer c ! _w beguile2 ,:o sees 8 p5ance all ! :ile ,he holds a tor* to make h] kn[n4 7,great regul>ity ( feet2 b already ! circul> motion :i* ,t5nyson 0 to p]fect47 ,,xxix4 ,,improv$ ,,anap,,/ic ,,measures 7,,dryd51 ,,anon41 ,,prior7 7a7 ,dryd5 7#afia873 ,:ile ,pan & fair ,syr9x are fl$ f our %ore1 ,! ,graces are bani%$1 & ,love is no m3 ,! s(t god ( pleasure t w>m$ our desires ,has broken 8 b[1 & ext9gui%$ 8 fires1 ,& v[s t himself & 8 mo?er w m\rn1 ,till ,pan & fair ,syr9x 9 triumph return4 7,^! e>ly anap/s1 z not$1 are v apt to beg9 ) dissyllabic feet4 ,b x 0 no rule3 9 ?is same piece1 ,! ,beautiful ,lady ( ! ,may1 occurs ! l9e3 ,all ! nymphs 7 9 :ite & ! %eph]d 9 gre54 7b7 ,anon4 9 ,pills to ,purge ,melan*oly 7#agai1 b cont5ts (t5 mu* old]73 ,let u dr9k & be m]ry1 s+1 dance1 & rejoice1 ,) claret & %]ry1 !orbo & voice4 ,! *angeable _w to our joys is unju/1 ,all treasure's unc]ta91 !n d[n ) y\r du/6 ,on frolics dispose y\r p\nds1 %ill+s1 & p5ce1 ,= we %all be no?+ a hundr$ ye>s h5ce4 7c7 ,prior 7#afif73 ,:ile ) lab\r assidu\s due pleasure ,i mix1 ,& 9 "o day atone = ! business ( six1 ,9 a little ,dut* *aise on a ,saturday night1 ,on my left h& my ,horace1 a nymph on my "r4 7,obs]ve "h 9 assiduous & business ! lib]ty ( comb9+ adjac5t v[els 7-uou7 & foll[+ famili> pronunciation 7bizness7 :i* ?is light v]se especially au?orises4 ,,xxx4 ,,p9d>ics 7,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury7 ,dryd5 7complete /anza f ,anne ,killigrew ode73 ,,vi ,brn t ! spaci\s empire ( ! ,n9e1 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght %e %\ld h be5 cont5t ,to manage well t mighty governm5t2 ,b :at c "y ambiti\s s\ls conf9e8 ,to ! next realm %e /ret*$ h] sway1 ,= ,pa9ture ne> adjo9+ lay1 ,a pl5te\s province1 & allur+ prey4 ,a *amb] ( dep5d5cies 0 fram$1 7,z conqu]ors w never want pret5ce1 ,:5 arm$1 to jify ! (f5ce17 ,& ! :ole fief1 9 "r ( poetry1 %e claim$4 ,! c\ntry open lay )\t def5ce2 ,= poets frequ5t 9roads !re _h made1 ,& p]fectly c\ld repres5t ,! %ape1 ! face1 ) every l9eam5t1 ,& all ! l>ge doma9s :i* ! ,dumb ,sist] sway$2 ,all b[$ b5ea? h] governm5t1 ,receiv$ 9 triumph :]esoe'er %e w5t4 ,h] p5cil drew :ate'er h] s\l design$1 ,& (t ! happy draught surpass$ ! image 9 h] m9d4 ,! sylvan sc5es ( h]ds & flocks1 ,& fruitful pla9s & b>r5 rocks1 ,( %all[ brooks t fl[$ s cle>1 ,! bottom did ! top appe>2 ,( deeper too & ampl] floods1 ,:i*1 z 9 mirrors1 %[$ ! woods2 ,( l(ty trees1 ) sacr$ %ades1 ,& prspectives ( pleasant glades1 ,:]e nymphs ( brighte/ =m appe>1 ,& %aggy satyrs /&+ ne>1 ,:i* !m at once admire & fe>4 ,! ruins1 too1 ( "s majestic piece1 ,boa/+ ! p[] ( anci5t ,rome or ,greece1 ,^: /atues1 friezes1 columns1 brok5 lie1 ,&1 ?\gh defac$1 ! wond] ( ! eye2 ,:at nature1 art1 bold fiction1 e'er dur/ frame1 ,h] =m+ h& gave feature to ! "n4 ,s /range a conc\rse ne'er 0 se5 be=e1 ,b :5 ! peopl$ ark ! :ole creation bore4 7#hh-ia1 h]oics2 #ib1 #ic1 octosyllables2 #id-if1 h]oics2 #ig1 octosyllable2 #ih1 ,alex&r9e2 #ii1 #ajj1 h]oic2 #aja1 octosyllable2 #ajb1 h]oic2 #ajc1 ,alex&r9e2 #ajd1 octosyllable2 #aje1 #ajf1 h]oics2 #ajg1 f\rte5]2 #ajh-aah1 cont9u\s octosyllables2 #aai-abe1 cont9u\s h]oics capp$ & f9i%$ (f by #abf1 ,alex&r9e4 ,9 #ig1 probably ?' (f5ce47 ,,xxxi4 ,,! ,,h]oic ,,c\plet ,,f ,,dryd5 ,,to ,,crabbe 7a7 ,dryd5 7e>ly non-dramatic73 ,our sett+ sun1 f 8 decl9+ seat1 ,%ot beams ( k9dness on y1 n ( heat2 ,&1 :5 8 love 0 b\nd$ 9 a few ,t 7 unhappy1 t !y might be true1 ,made y ! fav\rite ( 8 la/ sad times1 ,t is1 a suff]] 9 8 subjects' crimes4 ,?us1 ^? fir/ fav\rs y receiv$1 7 s5t1 ,l heav5's rew>ds1 9 e>?ly puni%m5t3 ,yet =tune1 consci\s ( y\r de/9y1 ,e'en !n took c>e to lay y s(tly by1 ,& wrapp$ y\r fate among h] preci\s ?+s1 ,kept fre% to be unfold$ ) y\r k+'s4 7,note recurr5t y & y\r employ$ l pauses to v>y v]se4 ,o!rwise /rictly regul>47 7b7 ,dryd5 7h]oic-dramatic type at be/73 ,fair ?\gh y are ,z summ] morn+s1 & y\r eyes m bright ,?an />s t tw9kle 9 a w9t]'s night2 ,?\gh y h eloqu5ce to w>m & move ,cold age & pray+ h]mits into love2 ,?\gh ,almahide ) scorn rew>ds my c>e1-- ,yet1 ?an to *ange1 'tis nobl] to despair4 ,my love's my s\l2 & t f fate is free2 ',tis t un*ang$ & dea?less "p ( me4 7,conque/ ( ,granada ,,ii41 ,,iii4 iii47 7,obs]ve h[ ! alt]nation ( c5tral pause1 /rongly 77 & weakly 77 or h>dly at all 7no m>k7 emphasis$1 knits & %ades ! v]se2 & h[1 9 ! fir/ l9e1 !re is positive enjambm5t4 ,yet !re is /ill no trisyllabic sub/itution4 ,?is type is cont9u$ & p]fect$ 9 ! great satires & didactic pieces = argum5t & attack1 & 9 ! ,fables = n>rative4 ,x admits1 to relieve monotony1 ! ,alex&r9e 7,h9d & ,pan!r1 i4 #bc1 #bd77-- ,_! corpse to p]i%1 b _! k9d to la/1 ,s mu* ! dea?less plant ! dy+ fruit surpass$2 ! triplet 7ibid4 a little fur!r7-- ,c ,i believe et]nal ,god c\ld lie ,disguis$ 9 mortal m\ld & infancy1 ,t ! great ,mak] ( ! _w c\ld die8 bo? comb9$ 7,palamon & ,arcite1 ii4 #efj-efb7-- ,!re saw ,i h[ ! secret felon wr\ght1 ,& treason lab\r+ 9 ! traitor's ?\ght1 ,& midwife "t ! rip5$ plot to murd] br\ght2 & sometimes ! f\rte5] 7,m$al1 #id7-- ,?\ leap/ o'er all et]nal tru?s 9 ?y ,p9d>ic way4 7c7 ,passages f ,g>?1 7#a71 & ,pope1 7#b7 & 7#c71 to illu/rate ! me*anical "* ( ! eighte5?-c5tury c\plet1 ! ease ) :i* x c be %ift$ f decasyllabic to octosyllabic1 & its peculi> con/ruction ( ridge-back$ anti!tic pause3 7#a7 ,) brea?+ fire 8 pit*y no/rils bl[1 ,z f 8 sides he %akes ! fleecy sn[4 ,ar\nd ?is ho>y pr9ce f wat'ry b$s ,8 subject isl&s raise _! v]dant heads4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,et]nal spr+ ) smil+ v]dure "h ,w>ms ! mild air & cr[ns ! y\?ful ye>4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,! v9e undress$ h] swell+ clu/]s be>s1 ,! lab\r+ h9d ! mell[ olive *e]s4 7,! ,disp5s>y47 7,read1 omitt+ ! int]l9$ epi!ts1 & y get p]fectly flu5t octosyllables47 7#b7 ,fir/ 9 ^! fields1 ,i try ! sylvan /ra9s1 ,nor blu% to sport on ,w9dsor's blissful pla9s4 ,fair ,?ames1 fl[ g5tly f ?y sacr$ spr+1 ,:ile on ?y banks ,sicilian ,muses s+2 ,let v]nal airs ?ro' trembl+ osi]s play ,& ,albion's cliffs res\nd ! rural lay4 7,w9dsor ,=e/47 ,n[ ?is1 9 ! same way1 by ! omission ( "s ( ! italicis$ gradus epi!ts1 becomes-- ,fir/ 9 ^! fields ,i try ! /ra9s1 ,nor blu% to sport on ,w9dsor's pla9s4 ,fair ,?ames1 fl[ g5tly f ?y spr+1 ,:ile on ?y banks ! ,muses s+2 ,let v]nal airs ?r\gh osi]s play ,& ,albion's cliffs res\nd ! lay4 7#c7 ,n ) m glories 9 ?' e!real pla9 ,! sun fir/ rises o'er ! purpl$ ma91 ,?an issu+ =? ! rival ( 8 beams ,laun*'d on ! bosom ( ! silv] ,?ames4 ,fair nymphs & well-dre/ y\?s ar\nd h] %one1 ,b ev'ry eye 0 fix'd on h] alone4 ,on h] :ite brea/ a sp>kl+ cross %e wore1 ,:i* ,jews might kiss & ,infidels adore4 ,h] livelylooks a sprightly m9d disclose1 ,quick z h] eyes & z unfix$ z ^?4 ,fav\rs to none to all %e smiles ext5ds1 ,(t %e rejects b nev] once (f5ds4 ,bright z ! sun h] eyes ! gaz]s /rike1 ,& l ! sun !y %9e on all alike4 ,yet graceful ease & sweetness void ( pride ,might hide h] faults if ,belles _h faults to hide4 ,if to h] %>e "s female errors fall1 ,look 9 h] face & y'll =get !m all4 7,! ,rape ( ! ,lock47 ,( c\rse ,pope1#dd 9 ! close ( ! ,dunciad & else:]e1 has passages ( ! utmo/ dignity2 & ! anti!tic arrangem5t is good = satire4 ,b p]haps ! f9e/ passages ( ?is class ( c\plet--c]ta9ly ! f9e/ ) ! ,dunciad close--are ! foll[+1 f 7d7 ,johnson 7,vanity ( ,human ,wi%es--end73 ,:]e !n %all ,hope & ,fe> _! objects f9d8 ,mu/ dull susp5se corrupt ! /agnant m9d8 ,mu/ helpless man1 9 ignorance s$ate1 ,roll d>kl+ d[n ! torr5t ( 8 fate8 ,mu/ no dislike al>m1 no wi%es rise1 ,no cries invoke ! m]cies ( ! skies8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,yet1 :5 ! s5se ( sacr$ pres5ce fires ,& /rong devotion to ! skies aspires1 ,p\r =? ?y fav\rs = a heal?ful m9d1 ,ob$i5t passions1 & a w resign$2 ,= love :i* sc>ce collective man c fill2 ,= pati5ce sov]eign o'er transmut$ ill2 ,= fai? t1 pant+ = a happi] seat1 ,c\nts dea? k9d nature's signal ( retreat4 ,^! goods = man ! laws ( ,heav5 orda91 ,^! goods ,he grants :o grants ! p[] to ga92 ,) ^! cele/ial ,wisdom calms ! m9d1 ,& makes ! happ9ess %e does n f9d4 & 7e7 ,crabbe 7,delay br+s ,dang]--end73 ,e>ly he rose1 & look$ ) _m a sigh ,on ! r$ light t fill$ ! ea/]n sky2 ,(t _h he /ood be=e1 al]t & gay1 ,to hail ! glories ( ! new-born day3 ,b n[ deject$1 languid1 li/less1 l[1 ,he saw ! w9d ^u ! wat] bl[1 ,& ! cold /ream curl$ onw>d z ! gale ,f ! p9e hill blew h>%ly d[n ! dale2 ,on ! "r side ! y\? a wood survey$1 ,) all its d>k int5sity ( %ade2 ,:]e ! r\gh w9d alone 0 he>d to move1 ,9 ?is1 ! pause ( nature & ( love1 ,:5 n[ ! "y are re>$1 & :5 ! old1 ,lo/ to ! tie1 gr[ neglig5t & cold-- ,f> to ! left he saw ! huts ( m51 ,half hid 9 mi/1 t hung ^u ! f52 ,be=e him swall[s ga!r+ = ! sea1 ,took _! %ort flights & twitt]$ on ! lea2 ,& ne> ! bean-%eaf /ood1 ! h>ve/ done1 ,& sl[ly black5$ 9 ! sickly sun2 ,all ^! 7 sad 9 nature1 or !y took ,sadness f him1 ! lik5ess ( 8 look ,& ( 8 m9d--he pond]$ = a :ile1 ,!n met 8 ,fanny ) a borr[$ smile4 7,obs]ve1 besides ! o!r po9ts m5tion$1 t trisyllabic feet practically nev] occur 9 ,g>?1 ,pope1 & ,johnson--wat'ry = wat]y1 & words l e!r7ea7l1 cele/7ia7l1 happ7ie7r1 be+ int5d$ to take ! b5efit ( elision1 ?\gh1 z a matt] ( fact1 !y give t ( ext5sion4 ,only ,crabbe1 9 ga?er+1 may p]haps n h meant ga?'r+47 ,,xxxii4 ,,eighte5?-,,c5tury ,,blank ,,v]se 7a7 ,?omson3 ,fir/ ! flam+ r$ ,sprung vivid =?2 ! tawny orange next2 ,& next delici\s yell[2 by ^: side ,fell ! k9d beams ( all-refre%+ gre54 ,!n ! pure blue t swells autumnal skies1 ,e!rial play$1 & !n ( sadd] hue ,em]g$ ! deep5$ indigo 7z :5 ,! heavy-skirt$ ev5+ droops ) fro/71 ,:ile ! la/ gleam+s ( refract$ light ,di$ 9 ! fa9t+ violet away4 7,?is1 f ! poem on ,newton1 is ,?omson at 8 v be/ 9 blank v]se1 or ne>ly s4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 too apt to emphasise 8 phrases into full /ops1 produc+ :at ,johnson ju/ly call$ brok5 /yle1 z ?us3 ,on he walks ,graceful1 & cr[s defiance4 ,9 ! pond ,! f9ely-*equ]$ duck1 be=e h] tra91 ,r[s g>rul\s4 ,! /ately sail+ swan1 etc47 ,! trick 0 pu%$ to a pit* ( absurdity by 7b7 ,glov]3 ,m9dful ( _! *>ge1 ,! *iefs dep>t4 ,leonidas provides ,8 v>i\s arm\r4 ,agis close att5ds1 ,8 be/ assi/ant4 ,fir/ a brea/plate arms ,! spaci\s *e/2 & is some:at notewor?y 9 ,"y & o!rs4 ,! reason probably 0 a sort ( n]v\s fe> le/1 9 ! abs5ce ( rhyme1 ! v]sification %\ld n be suffici5tly m>k$4 ,b at l5g? ! prop] fl[ 0 recov]$ by 7c7 ,c[p]3 ,tme mde !e :at ?\ wa/1 kng f ! woods1 ,& "t ha? made !e :at ?\ art--a cave ,= owls to roo/ 94 ,once ?y spread+ b\ghs ,o'erhung ! *ampaign2 & ! numru flcks ,t graz$ x /ood b5ea? t ample cope ,uncr[d$1 yet safe-%elt]$ f ! /orm4 ,no flock frequ5ts !e n[4 ,?\ ha/ outliv$ ,?y popul>ity1 & art become 7,unless v]se rescue !e a:ile7 a ?+ ,=gott51 z ! foliage ( ?y y\?4 7,y>dley ,oak47 7,! spondee ,tme mde & tro*ee kng f are c]ta9ly int5tional1 :e!r consci\sly z su* or n4 ,! anap/ -mru flcks may n h be5 meant1 = ,c[p] _h n cle>$ 8 m9d up ab\t elision1 b is "o 9 fact47 ,,xxxiii4 ,,! ,,regul>is$ ,,p9d>ic ,,ode ,analysis ( ,gray's ,b>d 7! second & ?ird divisions co9cide to ! m9ute/ degree73 ,i4 i4 #a4 ,ru9 seize !e1 ru?less ,k+6 #b4 ,confusion on ?y bann]s wait2 #c4 ,?o' fann$ by ,conque/'s crimson w+ #d4 ,!y mock ! air ) idle /ate4 #e4 ,helm1 nor haub]k's twi/$ mail1 #f4 ,nor e'en ?y virtues1 ,tyrant1 %all avail #g4 ,to save ?y secret s\l f nightly fe>s1 #h4 ,f ,cambria's curse1 f ,cambria's te>s6 #i4 --,su* 7 ! s\nds t o'er ! cre/$ pride #aj4 ,( ! fir/ ,edw>d scatt]'d wild dismay1 #aa4 ,z d[n ! /eep ( ,sn[don's %aggy side #ab4 ,he w\nd ) toilsome m>* 8 long array3-- #ac4 ,/\t ,glo'/] /ood agha/ 9 spee*less trance2 #ad4 ,to arms6 cri$ ,mortim]1 & c\*'d 8 quiv]+ lance4 ,i4 i4 7,/rophe7 #a4 ,tro*4 dim4 cat4 4 #b4 ,iamb4 dim4 acat4 4 #c4 ditto #d4 ditto #e z #a4 #f & #g4 ,h]oics ne>ly pure1 4 #h z #b to #d4 #i to #ac4 ,h]oics #ad4 ,alex&r9e 4 ,quiv'r+1 probably4 ,i4 ii4 #a4 ,on a rock1 ^: haughty br[ #b4 ,fr[ns o'er old ,conway's foam+ flood1 #c4 ,rob$ 9 ! sable g>b ( woe #d4 ,) hagg>d eyes ! ,poet /ood #e4 7,loose 8 be>d & ho>y hair #f4 ,/ream'd l a meteor to ! tr\bl$ air71 #g4 ,& ) a ma/]'s h& & prophet's fire #h4 ,/ruck ! deep sorr[s ( 8 lyre3 #i4 ,h>k1 h[ ea* giant-oak & des]t-cave #aj4 ,sighs to ! torr5t's awful voice b5ea?6 #aa4 ,o'er !e1 oh ,k+6 _! hundr$ arms !y wave1 #ab4 ,rev5ge on !e 9 ho>s] murmurs brea!2 #ac4 ,vocal no m1 s9ce ,cambria's fatal day1 #ad4 ,to high-born ,hoel's h>p1 or s(t ,llewellyn's lay4 ,i4 ii4 7,anti/rophe7 ,id5tical4 ,i4 iii4 #a4 ,cold is ,cadwallo's tongue1 #b4 ,t hu%'d ! /ormy ma93 #c4 ,brave ,uri5 sleeps ^u 8 craggy b$3 #d4 ,m\nta9s1 ye m\rn 9 va9 #e4 ,modr$1 ^: magic song #f4 ,made hugh ,pl9limmon b[ 8 cl\d-topt head4 #g4 ,on dre>y ,arvon's %ore !y lie #h4 ,sme>'d ) gore & gha/ly pale3 #i4 ,f>1 f> alo( ! affright$ rav5s sail2 #aj4 ,! fami%'d eagle screams1 & passes by4 #aa4 ,de> lo/ companions ( my tuneful art1 #ab4 ,de> z ! light t visits ^! sad eyes1 #ac4 ,de> z ! ruddy drops t w>m my he>t1 #ad4 ,ye di$ amid/ y\r dy+ c\ntry's cries-- #ae4 ,no m ,i weep2 ,!y d n sleep2 #af4 ,on yond] cliffs1 a griesly b&1 #ag4 ,i see !m sit2 ,!y l+] yet1 #ah4 ,av5g]s ( _! native l&3 #ai4 ,) me 9 dreadful h>mony !y jo91 #bj4 ,& weave ) bloody h&s ! tissue ( ?y l9e4 ,i4 iii4 7,epode7 #a4 ,iamb4 dim4 bra*ycat4 4 #b4 #c4 ,h]oic4 #d1 #e1 z #a1 #b1 ) tro*ee sub/itut$ 9 fir/ place4 #f z #c4 #g4 ,iamb4 dim4 acat4 #h4 ,tro*4 dim4 cat4 #i to #ad4 ,h]oics3 ! la/ #d 9 quatra94 #ae to #ah4 ,iamb4 dims4 arrang$ 9 /anza quatra92 int]nal rhymes only 9 l9es #ae & #ag4 #ai4 ,h]oic4 #bj4 ,alex&r9e4 ,rhyme s*eme ( ,/rophe ,rhyme s*eme ( & ,anti/rophe4 ,epode4 a a b b a c b b c a c c d d d e e e f d e f f g g f g g o#de h o#de h i i ,,xxxiv4 ,,light] ,,eighte5?-,,c5tury ,,lyric 7a7 ,gay3 ,! s*oolboy's desire is a play-day1 ,! s*oolma/]'s joy is to flog1 ,! milkmaid's delight is on ,may-day1 ,b m9e is on sweet ,molly ,mog4 7,rem>kable = ! improvem5t1 by ! r$undant syllable 9 ! odd l9es1 on ! pla9 anap/ic ?ree-foot quatra9 us$ lat] by ,%5/one & ,c[p]1 z well z = its lead+ up to ! m obvi\s successes ( ,pra$ & ,mr4 ,sw9burne2 v4 inf4 ,,xliv47 7b7 ,gray3 ',twas on a l(ty vase's side ,:]e ,*9a's gaye/ art _h dy$ ,! azure fl[]s t bl[-- ,demure/ ( ! tabby k9d1 ,! p5sive ,selima recl9$1 ,gaz$ on ! lake bel[4 7,elev5?-c5tury poets employ$ ! old romance-six1 or rime c\e1 almo/ m l>gely ?an any o!r metre = g5]al lyrical purposes47 7c7 7,d4 ,lewis873 ,& :5 ) envy ,"t1 transported1 ,%all ?9k to rob u ( our joys1 ,y'll 9 y\r girls aga9 be c\rted1 ,& ,i'll g woo+ 9 my boys4 7,ano!r in/ance ( ! refre%+ & alt]ative effect ( r$undance--9 ?is case on ! old long measure4 ,b ev5 9 its /rict] =m ! c5tury manag$ ,l4,m4 bett] ?an ,c4,m41 :i*1 till ,blake1 0 almo/ always s+-song47 ,,xxxv4 ,,! ,,revival ,,( ,,equival5ce 7,,*att]ton ,,& ,,blake7 ,p]cy's ,reliques1 h[ev]1 taught x some?+ bett]2 ?\gh ,p]cy's own imitations & ^? ( o!rs 7 (t5 z describ$ above4 ,yet soon we f9d 9 7a7 ,*att]ton1 su* adaptations ( ballad metre z-- ,i k5 ,syr ,rog] f af> ,trippynge ov] ! lea1 ,i* ask :ie ! loverd's son ,is moe ?an mee8 & su* equival5c$ octosyllabic c\plet & /anza z-- ,sr ,btler ?n hvng cnqur'd hs twyne1 ,rde cnqerr ff ? turnyng plyne1 ,rcivng grlnd frm lc's hnd1 ,? fir/ ldye n ? lnde4 ,b ! real ,columbus "h 0 7b7 ,blake1 :o f #aghj onw>ds wrote su* ?+s z-- ,? wld wnds wep nd ? nght s -cld2 ,cme h?r1 ,slep1 nd my grefs nfld4 ,bt l6 ? mrnng peps vr ? a/rn /eps1 nd ? r/lng bds f dwn ,? ar? d scrn4 ,l6 t ? vult f pvd hav51 ,w? srrw frught1 ,my ntes re drv54 ,?y /rke ? ar f nght1 ,mke wep ? yes f dy2 ,?y mke mad ? rar+ w9ds1 nd w? tmp/s ply4 ,lke fend7 9 clud1 ,w? hwlng we ftr nght d crwd nd w? nght wll g2 trn my bck t ? a/1 ,frm :nce cmfrts hve ncras$1 ,fr lght d? size my br9 ,w? frntc p94 7,?is _c be /udi$ too c>efully1 & is almo/ a typical example ( s\nd prosody1 ord]ly )\t monotony & free )\t lic5ce4 ,e sub/itution is ju/ifi$1 bo? on ! g5]al pr9ciples exp\nd$ ?r\gh\t ?is book1 & to ! e> 9 ea* individual case47 ,,xxxvi4 ,,rhymeless ,,attempts 7,,coll9s ,,to ,,%elley7 7a7 ,coll9s 7,ode to ,ev5+73 ,if aught ( oaten /op or pastoral song ,may hope1 ,o p5sive ,eve1 to soo! ?9e e> ,l ?y own solemn spr+s1 ,?y spr+s & dy+ gales4 7,p]fectly regul> h]oics & sixes2 pa/oral mo/ probably int5d$ to be pa/'ral47 7b7 ,say]s 7,*oruses ( ,mo9a73 ,i4 ,hail to h] :om ,frea loves1 ,mo9a hail6 ,:5 fir/ ?9e 9fant eyes beheld ,! beam ( day1 ,frea f ,valhalla's groves ,m>k'd ?y bir? 9 sil5t joy2 ,frea1 sweetly smil+ saw ,! swift-w+'d mess5g] ( love ,be>+ 9 h] rosy h& ,! gold-tipt horn ( gods4 7,?is--:i* is fairly b n :olly free f ! fault not$ 9 ,,ii4--is ord9>y iambic & tro*aic mixture47 ,,ii4 ,d>k1 d>k is ,moina's b$1 ,on e>?'s h>d lap %e lies4 ,:]e is ! beaute\s =m ,t heroes lov$8 ,:]e is ! beam+ eye1 ,! ruddy *eek8 ,cold1 cold is ,moina's b$1 ,& %all no lay ( dea? ,) pleas+ murmur soo! ,h] "ped s\l8 ,%all no te> wet ! grave ,:]e ,moina lies8 ,! b>ds %all raise ! lay ( dea?1 ,! b>ds %all soo! h] "ped s\l1 ,& drop ! te> ( grief ,on ,moina's grave4 7,x w be obs]v$ t ea* ( ! c\plets enclos$ 9 squ>e brackets is simply a blank-v]se l9e1 arbitr>ily split4 ,?is is probably ! result ( ! ef=t at rhymeless /anza4 ,obs]ve ! unbrok5 iambic rhy?m--ano!r dang]47 7c7 ,s\!y 7,?alaba73 ,h[ beautiful is ,night6 ,a dewy fre%ness fills ! sil5t air2 ,no mi/ obscures1 nor cl\d nor speck nor /a9 ,braks ? s]5e ( heav53 ,9 full-orb$ glory yond] moon div9e ,rlls ?rugh ! d>k blue dep?s4 ,b5ea? h] /eady ray ,! desert-circle spreads1 ,lke ? rund cean1 girdl$ ) ! sky4 ,h[ beautiful is ,night6 7,iambic l9es ( v>i\s l5g?s ) tro*aic & spondaic b no o!r sub/itution 7!re are anap/s else:]e74 ,! c\plet-six1 or split ,alex&r9e1 is int5tional1 b ,s\!y expressly avoids split h]oics47 7d7 ,%elley 7,que5 ,mab73 ,h[ wond]ful is ,dea?1 ,dea? & 8 bro!r ,sleep6 ,"o1 pale z yond] wan+ moon ,) lips ( lurid blue2 ,! o!r1 rosy z ! morn ,:5 ?ron$ on ocean's wave ,x blu%es o'er ! _w3 ,yet bo? s pass+ wond]ful6 ,,xxxvii4 ,,! ,,reviv$ ,,ballad 7,,p]cy ,,to ,,col]idge7 7a7 ,p]cy's imitation ( equival5ce & ext5sion ( s*eme 7,sir ,cawl9e73 ,!n %e held =? h] lily-:ite h& ,t[>ds t knight s free2 ,he gave to x "o g5til kiss1 ,8 he>t 0 br\ght f bale to bliss1 ,! te>s /]te f 8 ee4 7,n bad2 might h be5 improv$ by ,& ! te>s47 7b7 ,goldsmi? 7regul>is$ s+-song73 ,turn ,angelina1 ever de>1 ,my *>mer1 turn to see ,?y own1 ?y long-lo/ ,edw9 "h ,re/or$ to love & !e6 7c7 ,s\!y 7q s\nd 9 pr9ciple1 & n bad 9 effect2 b a little m poetic p[d] want$73 ,!y laid h] :]e ^! f\r roads meet ,"h 9 ?is v]y place-- ,! e>? ^u h] corpse 0 press$1 ,?is po/ 0 driven into h] brea/1 ,& a /one is on h] face4 7d7 ,col]idge 7! real ?+ 9 simpl] & m complex =m73 ,x is an anci5t mar9]1 ,& he /oppe? "o ( ?ree-- ,by ?y long grey be>d & glitt]+ eye1 ,n[ :]e=e /op'/ ?\ me8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,h] lips 7 r$1 h] looks 7 free1 ,h] locks 7 yell[ z gold2 ,h] sk9 0 z :ite z leprosy-- ,! nightm>e ,life-9-,dea? 0 %e1 ,:o ?icks man's blood ) cold4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,we li/en$ & look$ sideways up6 ,fe> at my he>t1 z at a cup1 ,my life-blood seem$ to sip6 ,! />s 7 dim & ?ick ! night1 ,! /e]sman's face by 8 lamp gleam$ :ite2 ,f ! sails ! dew did drip-- ,till clomb above ! ea/ern b> ,! hornd moon1 ) "o bright /> ,)9 ! ne?er tip4 7,! pres5ce & abs5ce ( anap/ic sub/itution "h1 ) its effect 9 ea* case1 %\ld be c>efully /udi$47 ,,xxxviii ,specim5s ( ,*ri/abel1 ) note on ! application ( ! sy/em to lat] lyric4 7,"s h said t 9 ,*ri/abel ! consid]ation ( feet is dropp$ altoge!r1 & o!rs1 t x _c be analys$1 or c only be s by ! r\gh process ( c\nt+ acc5ts4 ,let u g & d x47 ',ts ? mddl f nght by ? cstl clck1 nd ? wls hve wkn$ ? crw+ cck1 ,t--:t--t :o6 nd hrk1 g96 ? crwng cck1 ,hw drwsl t crw4 7,a five-l9$ ballad /anza1 freely b regul>ly equival5c$ ) anap/s4 ,l9e #c may be f\r monosyllabic feet1 or an iambic monomet]--two feet1--accord+ to ! value put on ! fir/ note ( ! owl's cry47 ,! re/ ( ! piece is n 9 ballad /anza1 b 9 octosyllabic c\plet1 aga9 m or less freely b regul>ly equival5c$1 & all[+ itself occasional lic5ces ( rhyme-ord]1 l9e-l5g?1 etc4 ,?us ! succe$+ l9es are 9 two bat*es1 :]e ! sub/itution--anap/ic1 tro*aic1 spondaic or monosyllabic--increases1 dw9dles1 disappe>s & reappe>s ad libitum3 ,sr ,llne1 ? ,brn r*1 ,h? to?lss mstff1 :* ,frm hr knnl bna? ? rck ,mk? nswr t ? clck1 ,fur fr ? qurtrs nd twlve fr ? hur2 vr nd ye1 by %ne nd %w]1 ,sxten %rt hwls nt vr lud2 ,sme sy1 % ses my ldy's %rud4 s ? nght *lly nd drk8 ,? nght s *lly1 bt nt drk4 ,? ?n gry clud s sprad n hgh1 t cvrs bt nt hdes ? sk4 ,? mon s bhnd1 nd t ? fll2 nd yt % loks b? smll nd dll4 ,? nght s *ll1 ? clud s gry3 ',ts mn? bfre ? mn? f ,my1 nd ? sprng cmes slwly p ?s wy4 ,! :ole ( ! re/ foll[s suit1 ) occasional v>iations 7n1 save 9 "o case p]haps1 irregul>ities71 z1 = in/ance-- nd 9 sil5ce praye? %e4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,f ! lovely lady's *eek1 :]e a triple scansion might appe> possible3 7#a7 monosyllabic beg9n+s indicat$ by 2 7#b7 ?ree-foot l9es ) anap/ic op5+ 772 & 7#c7 ! tro*aic v>iation common 9 sev5te5?-c5tury poets 774 ,a fam\s ?ird l9e-- ,bautfl xcedngl1 decides 9 fav\r ( 7#a71 = 7#b7 & 7#c7 w\ld exce$+ly spoil its beauty4 ,!re is sometimes almo/ complete anap/ic sub/itution-- ,sve ? bss f ? %eld f ,sr ,llne tll1 ,:* hng n mrky ld n*e n ? wll2 :i* is /ill fur!r develop$ 9 ! spell ( ,g]ald9e-- n ? tu* f ?s bsm ?re wrk? spll4 7,?is1 9 c\plet1 is a little dang]\s47 ,note on ! ,application ( ! ,*ri/abel ,sy/em to ,n9ete5?-,c5tury ,lyric g5]ally4 ,x is mo/ rem>kable1 b sugge/ive to a fur!r ext5t ( ! fact t ,col]idge did n entirely compreh5d :at he 0 do+1 t ,*ri/abel1 especially its op5+ /anza1 supplies a complete key to ! lat] n9ete5?-c5tury lyrical scansion :i* 7v4 sup4 p4 #bg7 he & o!rs fail$ to und]/& 9 ,t5nyson4 ,t op5+ /anza1 plac$ side by side ) ! ,hollyhock ,song 7see above aga971 w completely int]pret x to any "o :o has eye & e> en\gh to mutate ! mut&a4 ,& :5 ! connection & ! int]pretation h once be5 seiz$1 !re is no?+1 f ,%elley's app>5tly impulsive & in/9ctive h>monies to ! mo/ complicat$ exp]im5ts ( ,br[n+ & ,sw9burne1 :i* w n yield to ! ma/] keys ( equival5t sub/itution & v>y+ ( l9e-l5g?1 subject to ! g5]al law ( rhy?mical uni=mity1 or at lea/ symphonis$ *ange4 ,x has be5 said1 = in/ance1 by ! late/ & mo/ pa9ful ,fr5* /ud5t ( ,engli% prosody1 ,m4 ,v]ri]1 t 9 ,%elley's ,cl\d traditional metric r5\nces ! attempt to divide x into feet4 ,"h is ! division1 made )\t its be+ necess>y to ?9k twice--h>dly to ?9k once--ab\t a s+le article ( x3 ,i br+ fre% %[]s = ! ?ir/+ fl[]s1 ,f ! seas & ! /reams2 ,i be> light %ade = ! leaves :5 laid ,9 _! noonday dreams4 ,f my w+s are %ak5 ! dews t wak5 ,! sweet buds every "o1 ,:5 rock$ to re/ on _! mo!r's brea/1 ,z %e dances ab\t ! sun4 ,i wield ! flail ( ! la%+ hail1 ,& :it5 ! gre5 pla9s und]1 ,& !n aga9 ,i dissolve x 9 ra91 ,& laugh z ,i pass 9 ?und]4 7,base anap/ic1 & normal l5g? dimet]2 b %ort5$ to ?ree & two feet1 ?us--#dbdbdcdcdcdc4 ,! two la/ ?ree-foot l9es catalectic dimet]1 or1 to put ! same ?+ 9 ano!r way1 ! fir/ ?rees pla91 ! la/ r$undanc$4 ,sub/itution ( iamb or spondee = anap/ p]fectly regul>1 & 7to keep ! anap/ic base specially m>k$ aga9/ ! iambic7 n v mu* indulg$ 94 ,%[]s & fl[]s z well z probably %ak5 & wak5 us$ 9 _! %ort5$ or practically monosyllabic value4 ,no?+ 9 ! lea/ incalculable1 ecc5tric1 or ev5 difficult1 on ! foot sy/em47 ,,xxxix4 ,,n9ete5?-,,c5tury ,,c\plet 7,,leigh ,,hunt ,,to ,,mr4 ,,sw9burne7 7,! examples giv5 w be f\nd to be all m or less ( ! enjamb$ v>iety4 ,n only has ! o!r be5 mu* less practis$1 ow+ to reaction f ! ov]-fondness ( ! eighte5? c5tury = x1 b t c5tury1 includ+ ! p]iod ( ?r[+ back to ,dryd51#df practically f\nd out all its consid]able b limit$ possibilities47 7a7 ,leigh ,hunt 7,/ory ( ,rim9i73 ll ? sweet range-wood1 fl[]b$1 grassy plot ,francesca lov$1 b mo/ ( all ?is spot4 ,:5ev] %e walk'd =?1 :]ev] w5t ,ab\t ! gr\nds1 to ?is at la/ %e b5t3 ,"h %e _h br\ght a lute nd few books4 ,"h w\ld %e lie = h\rs1 ftn ) looks ,m sorr[ful by f>1 yet sweet] too2 ,sometimes ) firm] com=t1 :]e %e drew ,f s5se ( 9jry's slf & tru? su/a9$1 ,sometimes ) r>e/ indignation ga9$1 ,f meek1 self-pity+ mixtures ( extremes1 ,( hope1 & s(t despair1 & *ildlke drams1 ,& all t promis+ calm smile we see ,9 ,nature's face :5 we look pati5tly4 7,v>i\s sub/itutions m>k$1 z also 9 ! foll[+47 7b7 ,keats 7,endymion73 ,at ?is1 f e side !y hurri$ 91 ,rubb+ _! sleepy eyes ) lazy wri/s1 ,& d\bl+ ov] head _! little fi/s ,9 backw>d yawns4 ,b all 7 soon alive3 ,= z delici\s w9e do?1 sp>kl+1 dive ,9 nect>'d cl\ds & curls ?r\gh wat] fair1 ,s f ! arb\r ro( d[n swell'd an air drous & enliv5+2 mak+ all ,to laugh1 & play1 & s+1 & l\dly call ,= _! sweet que53 :5 lo6 ! wrea!d gre5 ,disp>t$1 & f> upw>d c\ld be se5 ,blue heav51 & a silv] c>1 air-borne1 ,^: sil5t :eels1 fre% wet f cl\ds ( morn1 ,spun (f a drizzl+ dew1--:i* fall+ *ill ,on s(t ,adonis' %\ld]s1 made him /ill ,ne/le & turn uneasily ab\t4 7,z 9 ! sev5te5?-c5tury patt]ns1 n mu* equival5ce3--! p>agraph effect1 produc$ by enjambm5t & v>i$ pause1 be+ *iefly reli$ on to prev5t monotony4 ,lat]1 9 ,lamia1 ,keats tri$1 aft] /udy ( ,dryd51 a less flu5t patt]n1 ) /op z well z enjambm5t1 ,alex&r9e1 & triplet47 7c7 ,br[n+ 7,sordello73 ,z1 %all ,i say1 "s ,e?iop1 pa/ pursuit ,( all enslav]s1 dips a %ackl$ foot1 ,burnt to ! blood1 into ! dr[sy black ,enorm\s wat]c\rse :i* guides him back ,to 8 own tribe aga91 :]e he is k+2 ,& laughs because he guesses1 numb]+ ,! yell[] poison-wattles on ! p\* ,( ! fir/ liz>d wre/$ f its c\* ,"u ! slime 7^: sk91 ! :ile1 he /rips ,to cure 8 no/ril )1 & fe/]$ lips1 ,& eyeballs blood%ot ?r\gh ! des]t-bla/71 ,t he has rea*$ its b\nd>y1 at la/ ,may brea!2--?9ks o'er en*antm5ts ( ! ,s\? ,sov]eign to plague 8 enemies1 _! m\?1 ,eyes1 nails1 & hair2 b1 ^! en*antm5ts tri$ ,9 fancy1 puts !m sob]ly aside ,= tru?1 projects a cool return ) fri5ds1 ,! likelihood ( w9n+ m am5ds ,ere long2 ?9ks t1 takes com=t sil5tly1 ,!n1 f ! riv]'s br9k1 8 wrongs & he1 ,hugg+ rev5ge close to _! he>ts1 are soon ,(f-/rid+ = ! ,m\nta9s ( ! ,moon4 7,practically a long blank-v]se p>agraph ) ! addition ( rhyme1 :i* sometimes almo/ escapes notice47 7d7 ,m4 ,arnold 7,tri/ram & ,iseult73 ,! "y surviv+ ,iseult1 "o bright day1 ,_h w&]'d =?4 ,h] *ildr5 7 at play ,9 a gre5 circul> holl[ 9 ! hea? ,:i* bord]s ! sea-%ore--a c\ntry pa? ,creeps ov] x f ! till'd fields beh9d4 ,! holl['s grassy banks are s(t-incl9$1 ,& to "o /&+ on !m1 f> & ne> ,! lone unbrok5 view spreads bright & cle> ,ov] ! wa/e4 ,?is cirque ( op5 gr\nd ,is light & gre52 ! hea!r1 :i* ll rund ,creeps ?ickly1 gr[s n "h2 b ! pale grass ,is /rewn ) rocks1 & _m a %iv]'d mass ,( ve9'd :ite-gleam+ qu>tz1 & "h & !re ,dttd ) holly-trees & junip]4 7,an admirable foll[+ ( ,keats's model2 ! rhymes n too mu* kept out ( view1 & sugge/ions ( tro*aic & spondaic z well z trisyllabic sub/itution deftly us$4 ,= "s /range reason he nev] return$ to x1 b left x = ,william ,morris to develop1 completely & mo/ effectively1 9 ,jason & ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise47 7e7 ,t5nyson v seldom tri$ ! c\plet1 b :5 he did1 z 9 ,! ,vision ( ,s91 he a*iev$ x magnific5tly3 ,i _h a vision :5 ! night 0 late3 ,a y\? came rid+ t[>d a palace gate4 ,he rode a horse ) w+s1 t w\ld h fl[n ,b t 8 heavy rid] kept him d[n4 ,& f ! palace came a *ild ( s91 ,& took him by ! curls & l$ him 91 ,:]e sat a company ) heat$ eyes1 ,expect+ :5 a f\nta9 %\ld arise3 ,a sleepy light ^u _! br[s & lips-- ,z :5 ! sun1 a cresc5t ( eclipse1 ,dreams ov] lake & lawn1 & isles & capes-- ,suffus$ !m1 sitt+1 ly+1 languid %apes1 ,by heaps ( g\rds1 & sk9s ( w9e1 & piles ( grapes4 7,obs]ve h[ f9e ?is c\plet is1 & h[ p]sonal4 ,we h se5 h[ ,keats /udi$ ,dryd53 ?is is z if ,dryd5 _h /udi$ ,keats47 7f7 ,mr4 ,sw9burne 7,tri/ram ( ,lyonesse73 ,love1 t is fir/ & la/ ( all ?+s made1 ,! light t has ! liv+ _w = %ade1 ,! _s t = temporal veil has on ,! s\ls ( all m51 wov5 9 unison1 ,"o fiery raim5t ) all lives inwr\ght ,& lights ( sunny & />ry de$ & ?\ght4 7,9 ?is spl5did metre ! *>act]i/ics ( /opp$ & enjamb$ c\plet are to a great ext5t comb9$4 ,consid]able anap/ic sub/itution to ga9 spe$47 ,,xl4 ,,n9ete5?-,,c5tury ,,blank ,,v]se 7,,wordswor? ,,to ,,mr4 ,,sw9burne7 7a7 ,wordswor? 7,yew ,trees73 ,b5ea? ^: sable ro( ,( b\ghs1 z if = fe/al purpose1 deck$ ,) unrejoic+ b]ries--gho/ly %apes ,may meet at noontide2 ,fe> & trembl+ ,hope1 ,slnce & ,=esight1 ,dea? ! ,skeleton ,& ,"t ! ,%ad[2--!re to celebrate1 ,z 9 a natural temple scatt]$ o'er ,) alt>s undi/urb$ ( mossy /one1 ,unit$ wor%ip2 or 9 mute repose ,to lie1 & li/5 to ! m\nta9 flood ,murmur+ f ,gl>am>a's inmo/ caves4 7,! /ud5t %\ld notice ! diff]5ce1 slight b di/9ctly p]ceptible1 f ! ,miltonic model47 7b7 ,%elley 7,ala/or73 ,s(t mossy lawns ,b5ea? ^! canopies ext5d _! swells1 ,fragrant ) p]fum$ h]bs1 & ey$ ) blooms ,m9ute yet beautiful4 ,"o d>ke/ gl5 ,s5ds f its woods ( musk-rose1 tw9$ ) jasm9e1 ,a s\l-dissolv+ od\r1 to invite ,to "s m lovely myst]y4 ,?r\gh ! dell1 ,sil5ce & ,twilight "h1 tw9-si/]s1 keep ,_! noonday wat*1 & sail among ! %ades1 ,l vapor\s %apes half se52 beyond1 a well1 ,d>k1 gleam+1 & ( mo/ transluc5t wave1 ,images all ! wov5 b\ghs above1 ,& ea* dep5d+ leaf1 & e speck ,( azure sky1 d>t+ betwe5 _! *asms1 7,!re are actually sev5 l9es m be=e ! p>agraph comes at once to a l9e-end & a full /op 9 punctuation4 ,note also ! ,?omsonian mid-/ops2 ! ,wordswor?ian atmosph]e 7cf4 citation above72 ! actual or sugge/$ trisyllables2 ! actual r$undance 9 jasm9e1 & ! sugge/$ "o 9 *asm47 7c7 ,br[n+--e>ly 7,paul9e73 ,sun-tread]6--life & light be ?9e = ev]6 ,?\ art gone f u2 ye>s g by1 & spr+ ,gladd5s1 & ! "y e>? is beautiful1 ,yet ?y songs come n1 o!r b>ds arise1 ,b none l !e3 !y /&1 ?y maje/ies1 ,l mighty works :i* tell "s _s !re ,ha? sat reg>dless ( neglect & scorn1 ,till1 its long task complet$1 x ha? ris5 ,& left u1 nev] to return1 & all ,ru% 9 to pe] & praise :5 all 9 va94 ,! air seems bright ) ?y pa/ pres5ce yet1 ,b ?\ art /ill = me z ?\ ha/ be5 ,:5 ,i h /ood ) !e z on a ?rone ,) all ?y dim creations ga!r$ r\nd ,l m\nta9s1 & ,i felt ( m\ld l !m1 ,& ) !m creatures ( my own 7 mix$1 ,l ?+s half-liv$1 cat*+ & giv+ life4 7,wordswor?ian-,%elleyan1 b ) a great] t\* ( dramatic soliloquy 9 x4 ,r$undance1 b no trisyllabics47 7d7 ,br[n+--lat] 7,mr4 ,sludge1 ,! ,m$ium73 ,ov] ! way ,holds ,capta9 ,sp>ks 8 c\rt3 is x bett] !re8 ,h y n hunt+-/ories1 scalp+-sc5es1 ,& ,mexican ,w> exploits to swall[ plump ,if y'd be free o' ! /ove-side1 rock+-*air1 ,& trio ( affable daught]s8 ,d\bt succumbs6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,yet screw$ him into h5ce=? gull+ y ,to ! top o' y\r b5t1--all out ( "o half-lie6 7,?is unhesitat+ trisyllabic sub/itution sometimes rea*es ! v dang]\s adju/m5t ( tro*ee-anap/1 z 9-- ,gilty fr ? :m's ske6 ,gilty h smeh[ ?9ks4 ,! ,r+ & ! ,book47 7e7 ,t5nyson--e>ly 7,lov]'s ,tale73 ,glams f ! wat]-circles z !y broke1 ,flckr$ l d\btful smiles ab\t h] lips1 ,qivr$ a fly+ glory 9 h] hair1 ,lapt lke a pass+ ?\ght across h] eyes4 ,& m9e1 ) "o t w n pass till e>? ,& heav5 pass too1 dwell on my heav5--a face ,mo/ />ry fair1 b k9dl$ f )9 ,z 'tw]e ) dawn4 7,sub/itution tro*aic only1 except = heav5--always ambigu\s 9 value47 7f7 ,t5nyson--/&>d middle 7,ulysses73 ,!re lies ! port2 ! vessel puffs h] sail3 ,!re gloom ! d>k broad seas4 ,my m>9]s1 ,s\ls t h toil'd1 & wr\ght1 & ?\ght ) me-- ,t ev] ) a frolic welcome took ,! ?und] & ! sun%9e1 & oppos$ ,free he>ts1 free =eheads--y & ,i are old2 ,old age ha? yet 8 hon\r & 8 toil2 ,dea? closes all3 b some?+ ere ! end1 ,"s "w ( noble note1 may yet be done1 ,n unbecom+ m5 t /rove ) ,gods4 ,! lights beg9 to tw9kle f ! rocks3 ,! long day wanes3 ! sl[ moon climbs3 ! deep ,moans r\nd ) _m voices4 ,come1 my fri5ds1 ',tis n too late to seek a new] _w4 ,pu% (f1 & sitt+ well 9 ord] smite ,! s\nd+ furr[s2 = my purpose holds ,to sail beyond ! sunset1 & ! ba?s ,( all ! we/]n />s1 until ,i die4 ,x may be t ! gulfs w wa% u d[n3 ,x may be we %all t\* ! ,happy ,isles1 ,& see ! great ,a*illes1 :om we knew4 ,?o' mu* is tak51 mu* abides2 & ?o' ,we are n n[ t /r5g? :i* 9 old days ,mov$ e>? & heav52 t :i* we are1 we are2 ,"o equal temp] ( h]oic he>ts1 ,made weak by "t & fate1 b /rong 9 w ,to /rive1 to seek1 to f9d1 & n to yield4 7,v]se-p>agraph completely a*iev$ by v>iation ( pause & diff]5t weight+ ( l9e1 )1 aga91 little or no trisyllabic sub/itution47 ,t5nyson--lat] 7,! ,holy ,grail73 ,!re rose a hill t none b man c\ld climb1 ,sc>r'd ) a hundr$ w9try wat]c\rses-- ,/orm at ! top1 & :5 we ga9'd x1 /orm ,r\nd u & dea?2 = every mom5t glanc$ ,8 silv] arms & gloom'd3 s quick & ?ick ,! lightn+s "h & !re to left & "r ,/ruck1 till ! dry old trunks ab\t u1 dead1 ,yea1 rott5 ) a hundr$ ye>s ( dea?1 ,sprang into fire3 & at ! base we f\nd ,on ei!r h&1 z f> z eye c\ld see1 ,a great black swamp & ( an evil smell1 ,"p black1 "p :it5'd ) ! bones ( m51 ,n to be cro/1 save t "s anci5t k+ ,_h built a way1 :]e1 l9k'd ) _m a bridge1 ,a ?\s& pi]s ran into ! great ,sea4 ,& ,galahad fl$ along !m bridge by bridge1 ,& every bridge z quickly z he cro/ ,sprang into fire & vani%'d1 ?o' ,i ye>n'd ,to foll[2 & ?rice above him all ! heav5s ,op5'd & blaz$ ) ?und] su* z seem'd ,%\t+s ( all ! sons ( ,god3 & fir/ ,at once ,i saw him f> on ! great ,sea1 ,9 silv]-%9+ arm\r />ry-cle>2 ,& o'er 8 head ! ,holy ,vessel hung ,clo!d 9 :ite samite or a lum9\s cl\d4 ,& ) exce$+ swiftness ran ! boat1 ,if boat x 7--,i saw n :5ce x came4 ,& :5 ! heav5s op5'd & blaz$ aga9 ,ro>+1 ,i saw him l a silv] />-- ,& _h he set ! sail1 or _h ! boat ,become a liv+ creature clad ) w+s8 ,& o'er 8 head ! ,holy ,vessel hung ,r$d] ?an any rose1 a joy to me1 ,= n[ ,i knew ! veil _h be5 )drawn4 ,!n 9 a mom5t :5 !y blaz$ aga9 ,op5+1 ,i saw ! lea/ ( little />s ,d[n on ! wa/e1 & /raight beyond ! /> ,i saw ! spiritual city & all h] spires ,& gateways 9 a glory l "o pe>l-- ,no l>g]1 ?o' ! goal ( all ! sa9ts-- ,/rike f ! sea2 & f ! /> !re %ot ,a rose-r$ sp>kle to ! city1 & !re ,dwelt1 & ,i knew x 0 ! ,holy ,grail1 ,:i* nev] eyes on e>? aga9 %all see4 7,p>agraph /ill m ambiti\s & elaborate1 ) mu* trisyllabic sub/itution & "s r$undance47 ,,xli4 ,,! ,,non-,,equival5c$ ,,octosyllable ,,( ,,keats ,,& ,,morris 7a7 ,keats 7,eve ( ,/4 ,m>k73 ,^u a ,sabba? day x fell2 ,twice holy 0 ! ,sabba?-bell1 ,t call$ ! folk to ev5+-pray]2 ,! city /reets 7 clean & fair ,f :olesome dr5* ( ,april ra9s2 ,& on ! we/]n w9d[-panes ,! *illy sunset fa9tly told ,( unmatur$ gre5 valleys cold1 ,( ! gre5 ?orny bloomless h$ge1 ,( riv]s new ) spr+-tide s$ge1 ,( primroses by %elt]$ rills1 ,& daisies on ! agui% hills4 ,twice holy 0 ! ,sabba?-bell3 ,! sil5t /reets 7 cr[d$ well ,) /aid & pi\s companies1 ,w>m f _! fire-side orat'ries1 ,& mov+1 ) demure/ air1 ,to ev5-song & vesp] pray]4 ,ea* ar*d por*1 & entry l[1 ,0 fill$ ) pati5t folk & sl[1 ,) :isp]s hu%1 & %uffl+ feet1 ,:ile play$ ! organ l\d & sweet4 7b7 ,morris 7,! ,r+ giv5 to ,v5us73 ,by !n 8 eyes 7 op5$ wide4 ,already up ! grey hillside ,! backs ( two 7 turn$ to him3 ,"o1 l a "y man tall & slim1 ,^: heels ) rosy w+s 7 dight2 ,"o l a woman clad 9 :ite1 ,) glitt]+ w+s ( _m a hue1 ,/ill *ang+1 & ^: %ape none knew4 ,9 aft]time w\ld ,laur5ce say ,t ?\gh ! moon%9e1 cold & grey1 ,flood$ ! lonely e>? t night1 ,^! creatures 9 ! moon's despite ,7 col\r$ cle>1 z ?\gh ! sun ,%one ?r\gh ! e>? to light ea* "o-- ,& t]rible 0 t to see4 7,"h ! effect is entirely a*iev$ by divid+ ! c\plets1 ) full /ops or /rong pauses at ! end ( ! fir/ l9e1 & runn+ ! s5se ( ! second into ! fir/ ( ! next2 by consid]able v>iations ( int]nal pause1 & by plac+ emphatic or brightly col\r$ words at diff]5t spots4 ,equival5ce is practically limit$ to su* ?+s z glitt]+1 agui%1 _m a1 etc41 :]e x is at m9imum /r5g?47 ,,xlii4 ,,! ,,cont9u\s ,,alex&r9e 7,,drayton ,,& ,,br[n+7 7a7 ,drayton 7,polyolbion73 ,:5as ! pliant ,muse1 ) fair & ev5 flight1 ,betwixt h] silv] w+s is waft$ to ! ,wight1-- ,t ,isle1 :i* jutt+ out into ! sea s f>1 ,h] (fspr+ tra9e? up 9 ex]cise ( w>2 ,^? pirates to put back1 t (t purlo9 h] trade1 ,or ,spani>ds or ! ,fr5* attempt+ to invade4 ,( all ! s\!rn isles %e holds ! highe/ place1 ,& ev]more ha? be5 ! great'/ 9 ,brita9's grace4 ,n "o ( all h] nymphs h] sov]eign fav're? ?us1 ,embracd 9 ! arms ( old ,oceanus4 ,= none ( h] acc\nt s ne> h] bosom /&1 ',twixt ,p5)'s fur!/ po9t & ,goodw9's quea*y s&4 7b7 ,br[n+ 7,fif9e at ! ,fair73 ,o trip & skip1 ,elvire6 ,l9k arm 9 arm ) me6 ,l husb& & l wife1 toge!r let u see ,! tumbl+ troop array$1 ! /roll]s on _! /age1 ,drawn up & "u arms1 & ready to engage4 7,pr9t+ ( l9es disjo9$ to %[ ! extra /ress :i* ,br[n+ lays on ! middle pause1 & :i*1 ?\gh n univ]sal1 is g5]al ?r\gh\t ! poem4 ,! case is r ! o!r way ) ,drayton4 ,he obs]ves ! pause1 :i* is inde$ ! law ( ! l9e2 b he does n seem to avail himself ( x mu* z a prosodic or rhetorical in/rum5t47 ,,xliii ,! ,dy+ ,swan ( ,t5nyson1 scann$ entirely ?r\gh to %[ ! application ( ! sy/em4 7,x br+s out a s*eme ( dimet]s :olly iambic at ! l[e/ rate ( sub/itution1 :olly anap/ic at ! highe/1 mix$ betwe54 ,a few in/ances occur ( ! o!r usual & regul> lic5ces--tro*aic & spondaic sub/itution1 monosyllabic feet 7or catalexis7 & "o or two ( bra*ycatalexis1 ?ree feet in/ead ( f\r4 ,& x is to be specially not$ t ! poet uses ^!1 n at r&om1 b s z to swell & raise 8 rhy?m1 proportionately & progressively1 f ! sl[ motion & scanty syllabis+ ( ! op5+ sc5e-/anza to ! flood ( eddy+ song at ! close4 ,?is process is entirely unacc\nt$ = on ! b>e f\r-/ress sy/em47 ,i4 ,? pl9 ws grssy1 wld nd bre1 ,wde1 wld1 nd pn t ? ir4 ,:* hd bilt p vry:re n nder-r( f dlefl gry4 ,w? n nnr vice ? rvr rn1 dwn t flatd dng swn1 nd ludly dd lmnt4 t ws ? mddl f ? dy4 vr ? wary wnd wnt n1 nd tok ? red-tps s t wnt4 ,,ii4 ,sme ble paks n ? dstnce rse1 nd :te gin/ ? cld-:te sk1 ,%ne ut ?ir crwnng snws4 ne wllw vr ? rvr wpt1 nd %ok ? wve s ? wnd dd sgh2 bve n ? wnd ws ? swll[1 ,*sng tslf t ts wn wld wll1 nd fr ?r' ? mr% gren nd /ll ,? tngld wtr-curss slpt1 ,%t vr w? prpl nd gren1 nd yll[4 ,,iii4 ,? wld swn's da?-hymn tok ? sul f ?t w/e plce w? jy ,hddn n srrw3 t fr/ t ? ar ,? wrbl ws lw1 nd fll nd clar2 nd flatng but ? ndr-sk1 ,prvilng n waknss1 ? crn* /le ,smetmes fr1 nd smetmes nar2 ,bt nn hr wfl jblnt vice1 ,w? msc /rnge nd mnfld1 ,flw'd fr? n crl fre nd bld2 s :n mhty popl rjice ,w? %wms1 nd w? cmbls1 nd hrps f gld1 nd ? tmlt f ?ir cclim s rll'd ,?r' ? pn gtes f ? cty fr1 ,t ? %phrd : wt*? ? vnng /r4 nd ? crepng msss nd clmbrng weds1 nd ? wllw-brn*s har nd dnk1 nd ? wvy swll f ? sughng reds1 nd ? wve-wrn hrns f ? *ng bnk1 nd ? slvry mr%-flw]s ?t ?rng ,? dslte creks nd pols mng1 ,wre flodd vr w? ddyng sng4 ,?is piece1 ) ! ,hollyhock 7v4 sup4 p4 #bg71 ,blake's ,mad ,song 7 ,,xxxv471 ,%elley's ,cl\d 7note1 p4 #ajj71 & ! ,*ri/abel selections 7 ,,xxxviii471 w almo/ completely exemplify sub/itution 9 lyric4 ,b ! g]m is f> old]--9 ,%akespe>e1 9 ,e4,i4,o41 & ev5 9 pieces e>li] /ill4 ,,xliv4 ,,! ,,/ages ,,( ,,! ,,metre ,,( ,,dolores ,,& ,,! ,,d$ication ,,( ,,poems ,,& ,,ballads ,?is rem>kable measure illu/rates1 ) especial apposit5ess1 ! natural hi/ory ( metrical evolution1 & s may be dealt ) m fully z a specim54 ,!re c be little d\bt t its orig9al1 or ! e>lie/ =m to :i* x c be trac$1 is ! split ,alex&r9e or ?ree-foot iambic1 :i* appe>s 9 ! ,fr5* ( ,philippe de ,?aun1 & 9 sev]al ,engli% poems1 su* z ! ,be/i>y1 translat$ f ,philippe's-- ,aft] him he fille?1 ,drage? du/ ) 8 /]t1 & z ev5 ,k+ ,horn4 ,b ?is gives f> too little room 9 ,engli%2 & ! rhymes1 :5 rhyme is introduc$1 come too quick4 ,sub/itution ( trisyllabic feet rem$ies bo? faults2 :ile ! actual six1 ) int]*ang$ rhyme1 gives beautiful "w1 ?\gh ! l9es are /ill r %ort3 ,) longyng y am lad1 ,on molde ,i waxe mad1 a maide m>re? me2 ,y gr$e1 y grone1 un-glad1 ,= seld5 y am sad t semly = te se2 ,lev$i1 ?\ rewe me1 ,to r\! ?\ have/ me rad2 ,be bote ( t y bad1 ,my lyf is long on !4 7,wright's ,specim5s ( ,lyric ,poetry1 ,no4 vii47 ,?is %ortness kept x back1 m especially :5 ! fe> ( ma9ly trisyllabic measures came 9 aft] ! fifte5?-c5tury an>*y4 ,b z soon z t fe> disappe>$1 & ! anap/ =c$ itself into g5]al use1 logic1 assi/$ by tune1 sugge/$ a cutt+ d[n ( ! popul> dimet] or f\r-foot anap/ic l9e to ?ree4 ,?is1 = a long "t1 ma9ta9$ itself 9 /rict lit]ature )\t mu* v>iety ( /ructure1 z1 at diff]5t times1 is %[n by ,%5/one 9 ! well-kn[n-- ,s9ce ,phyllis v\*saf$ me a look1 ,i never once dreamt ( my v9e2 ,may ,i lose bo? my pipe & my crook1 ,if ,i "k ( a kid t is m9e2 & by ,c[p] 9 ! /ill bett] kn[n ,alex&] ,selkirk l9es-- ,i am monar* ( all ,i survey1 ,my "r !re is none to dispute3 ,f ! c5tre all r\nd to ! sea ,i am "l ( ! f[l & ! brute2 & 9 ,ca!r9a-- ,%e came-- %e is gone-- we h met1 ,& meet p]haps never aga93 ,! sun ( t mom5t is set ,& seems to h risen 9 va94 ,n[1 ?\gh ^! l9es are pretty1 !y are expos$ to ! *>ge ( be+ pretty s+-song1 & monoton\s j+le4 ,b ?is _h1 long be=e ,c[p]1 be5 to a great ext5t rem$i$1 ?\gh = comic purposes only or ma9ly1 9 su* ?+s z ,gay's ,molly ,mog1 quot$ above1 & ,*e/]field-,pult5ey's ,_h ,i ,hanov]1 ,brem51 & ,v]d51 ,& likewise ! ,du*y ( ,zell1 ,i w\ld "p ) !m all = a f>?+1 ,to h my de> ,molly ,lepell6 7,pron\nce ,v]d5 ) ! prop] ,engli% value ( er1 & give f>?+ its !n correct =m ( f>d51 & ! rhyme w be spotless47 ,:at x 0 t made ,byron take ?is up = a s]i\s purpose 9 ! l9es to ,haidee 7be=e ,don ,juan7 is n1 ,i believe1 kn[n3 ,i ent] ?y g>d5 ( roses1 ,beloved & fair ,haidee1 ,ea* morn+ :]e ,flora reposes1 ,= surely ,i see h] 9 !e4 ,! ga9 "h1 f ! r$undant syllable & d\ble rhyme 9 ! odd l9es1 & f a r m frequ5t use ( dissyllabic feet to prev5t monotony1 is imm5se4 ,pra$ adopt$ ! measure1 & improv$ x /ill fur!r1 9 8 admirable ,lett] ( ,advice3 ,rememb] ! ?rill+ romances ,we read on ! bank 9 ! gl52 ,rememb] ! suitors our fancies ,w\ld picture = bo? ( u !n4 ,!y wore ! r$ cross on _! %\ld]1 ,!y _h vanqui%$ & p>don$ _! foe-- ,sweet fri5d1 are y wis] or colder8 ,my own ,aram9ta1 say ,no6 ,& !n ,mr4 ,sw9burne _h ! probably f9al inspiration ( %ort5+ ! la/ l9e to two feet 7or an anap/ic monomet]71 ) an a/oni%+ result ( add$ & f9i%$ music3 ,?\gh ! many lights dw9dle to "o light1 ,!re is help if ! heaven has "o1 ,?\gh ! skies be discr[n$ ( ! sunlight1 ,& ! e>? dispossess$ ( ! sun1 ,!y h moonlight & sleep = repaym5t ,:51 refre%$ z a bride & set free1 ,) />s & sea-w9ds 9 h] raim5t1 ,night s9ks on ! sea4 ,,xlv4 ,,long ,,metres ,,( ,,t5nyson1 ,,br[n+1 ,,morris1 ,,& ,,sw9burne 7a7 ,t5nyson 7,! ,lotos-,eat]s73 ,= !y lie beside _! nect>1 & ! bolts are hurl'd ,fr blw ?m n ? vllys1 nd ? cluds re lghtly curl'd ,r\nd _! gold5 h\ses1 girdl$ ) ! gleam+ _w1 ,:]e !y smile 9 secret1 look+ ov] wa/$ l&s1 ,blight & fam9e1 plague & e>?quake1 ro>+ deeps & fi]y s&s1 ,clang+ fights1 & flam+ t[ns1 & s9k+ %ips1 & pray+ h&s4 7,tro*aic six- & sev5-foot l9es1 always hyp]catalectic1 or1 9 /rict] language1 tro*aic trimet]s hyp]catalectic & tetramet]s catalectic47 ,at ! close ! poet avails himself ( ! iambic alt]native :i* is s effective1 & has a pure f\rte5]3 r/ y1 br?r mrnrs1 w wll nt wndr mre4 7,!re is no trisyllabic sub/itution47 7b7 ,t5nyson 7,maud73 ,cld nd clar-ct fce1 :y cme yu s crelly mek1 ,brakng slmbr n :* ll splenfl flly ws drwn'd1 ,ple w? ? gldn bam f n yel% dad n ? *ek1 ,passionless1 pale1 cold face1 />-sweet on a gloom pr(\nd2 ,womanlike1 tak+ rev5ge too deep = a transi5t wrong ,done b 9 ?\ght to y\r beauty1 & ev] z pale z be=e ,gr[+ & fad+ & gr[+ ^u me )\t a s\nd1 ,lum9\s1 gemlike1 gho/like1 dea?like1 half ! night long ,gr[+ & fad+ & gr[+1 till ,i c\ld be> x no m1 ,bt rse1 & all by myself 9 my own d>k g>d5 gr\nd1 ,li/5+ n[ to ! tide 9 its broad-flung %ipwreck+ ro>1 ,n[ to ! scream ( a madd5'd bea* dragg'd d[n by ! wave1 ,walk'd 9 a w9try w9d by a gha/ly glimm]1 & f\nd ,? %n+ daffodil dead1 & ,orion l[ 9 8 grave4 7,a r deceptive metre2 = :i* reason foot-division has be5 po/pon$ above47 ,x may look at fir/ sight l a tro*aic run1 b ?is w be f\nd n to fit4 ,!n hexamet]s ( ! ,evangel9e type1 ) a syllable cut (f at ! end1 sugge/ !mselves2 b x w be se5 t "s op5+s make ?is v bad4 ,x is really a six-foot anap/ ) ! usual all[ance ( iambic sub/itution & ( monosyllabic 7anacru/ic7 beg9n+1 z ?us3 ,cold & cle>-cut face1 :y come y s cruelly meek1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,b arose1 & all by myself 9 my own d>k g>d5 gr\nd1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,! %9+ daffodil dead1 & ,orion l[ 9 8 grave4 7c7 ,t5nyson 7,voyage ( ,maeldune73 ,& we came to ! ,isle ( ,fl[]s3 _! brea? met u out on ! seas1 ,= ! ,spr+ & ! middle ,summ] sat ea* on ! lap ( ! breeze2 ,& ! r$ passion-fl[] to ! cliffs1 & ! d>k-blue clematis1 clung1 ,& />r'd ) a myriad blossom ! long convolvulus hung4 7,same metre1 b almo/ purely anap/ic2 ! c5tral pause frequ5tly /rong47 7d7 ,t5nyson 7,kapiolani7 ,:5 f ! t]rors ( ,nature a people h fa%ion$ & wor%ip a spirx ( ,evil4 7,app>5tly int5d$ = a dactylic octomet]4 ,l all ^! ?+s 9 ,engli%1 x probably goes bett] z anap/ic ) anacrusis & hyp]catalexis4 ,see dott$ scansion47 7e7 ,br[n+ 7,abt ,vogl]73 ,w\ld t ! /ructure brave1 ! manifold music ,i build1 ,bidd+ my organ obey1 call+ its keys to _! "w1 ,claim+ ea* slave ( ! s\nd at a t\*1 z :5 ,slomon will$ ,armies ( angels t so>1 legions ( demons t lurk4 ,man1 brute1 reptile1 fly1 ali5 ( end & ( aim1 ,adv]se ea* f ! o?er1 heav5-high hell-deep remov$1 ,%\ld ru% into sight at once z he nam$ ! ineffable "n1 ,& pile him a palace /raight1 to pleasure ! pr9cess he lov$4 7,note ! allit]ation47 ,at fir/1 z y read ?is1 y c1 if y\r e>s are accu/om$ to classical metres1 h no d\bt ab\t ! s*eme4 ,x is simply ! regul> elegiac c\plet acc5tually r5d]$ 9 ,engli%1 ) ! abscission ( ! la/ syllable ( ! hexamet]--a catalectic hexamet] & a p5tamet] acatalectic4 ,= ! fir/ f\r l9es ( ! fir/ octave !re is no d\bt at all4 ,b :5 y get on to ! second half y are pull$ up4 ,9 ! fif? & six? l9es ! p5tamet] seems to h got to ! fir/ place1 & ! sev5? is no m a hexamet] ?an ! eigh? is its prop] companion4 ,= a mom5t y may fancy t ?is 0 int5d$--t ! poet meant octaves ( two diff]5t p>ts4 ,b :5 y look at ! o!r /anzas y w f9d t ?is is by no means ! case4 ,truncat$ elegiac cad5ce appe>s1 reappe>s1 disappe>s 9 ! mo/ bewild]+ fa%ion1 till y recognise--soon] or lat] accord+ to y\r prosodic exp]i5ce--t x 0 only simulat$ cad5ce aft] all1 a sort ( leaf-insect rhy?m1 & t ! :ole ?+ 7z m>k$ by ! dott$ scansion l9es7 is 9 six-foot anap/s equival5c$ d>+ly1 b q legitimately1 ) monosyllabic & dissyllabic feet4 7f7 ,w4 ,morris 7,! ,w9d73 ,ah6 no1 no1 x is no?+1 surely no?+1 at all1 ,only ! wild-go+ w9d r\nd by ! g>d5 wall1 ,= ! dawn j n[ is break+1 ! w9d beg9n+ to fall4 ,w9d1 w9d1 ?\ art sad1 art ?\ k9d8 ,w9d1 w9d1 unhappy6 ?\ art bl9d1 ,yet /ill ?\ wand]e/ ! lily-se$ to f9d4 7,fir/ ?ree l9es six-foot 7trimet]7 anap/s ) full sub/itution4 ,refra9 a grad$ :eel ( f\r1 f\r or five1 & six iambic feet47 7g7 ,morris 7,love is ,en\gh73 ,su* words %all my gho/ see ! *ronicl] writ+ ,9 ! days t %all be--ah6--:at w\ld'/ m1 my fo/]l+8 ,kn[e/ ?\ n h[ words fail u awak+1 ,t we seem$ to he> pla9 amid sleep & its sweetness4 7,int5tionally irregul> acc5tual l9es1 b ) an anap/ic or amphibra*ic "u-hum4 ,!re is a good deal ( allit]ation else:]e1 & "s "h47 7h7 ,morris 7,sigurd metre1 b ! actual example f ,! ,h\se ( ! ,wolf+s73 ,?\ saye/ x1 ,i am outca/3 = a ,god t lacke? mir? ,ha? no m place 9 ,god-home & nev] a place on e>?4 ,a man grieves1 & he gladd5s1 or he dies & 8 grief is gone2 ,b :at ( ! grief ( ! ,gods8 & ! sorr[ nev] undone8 ,yea1 v]ily1 ,i am ! outca/4 ,:5 fir/ 9 ?9e arms ,i lay1 ,on ! blossoms ( ! woodl& my godhead pass$ away2 ,!nce=? unto !e ,i 0 look+ = ! light & ! glory ( life1 ,& ! ,gods' doors %ut beh9d me till ! day ( ! utt]mo/ /rife4 ,& n[ ?\ ha/ tak5 my s\l1 ?\ wilt ca/ x into ! night1 ,& cov] ?9e head ) ! d>kness & cov] ?9e eyes f ! light4 ,?\ w\ld'/ g to ! empty c\ntry :]e nev] a se$ is s[n1 ,& nev] a de$ is fa%ion$ & ! place :]e ea* is alone2 ,b ,i ?y ?rall %all foll[1 ,i %all come :]e ?\ seem'/ to lie1 ,i %all sit on ! h[e t hides !e1 & ?\ s de> & nigh6 ,a few bones :ite 9 _! w>-ge>1 t h no help or ?\ght1 ,%all be ,?iodolf ! ,mighty1 s nigh1 s de>--& n\ght6 7,a spl5did con/ruction f old] & new] examples4 ,/rongly /ress$1 /rictly middle-paus$1 b p]fectly regul> anap/ic sixes1 ) sub/itution & a hyp]catalectic syllable or half foot at ! pause47 7i7 ,mr4 ,sw9burne 7,hesp]ia & ,ev5+ on ! ,broads74 ,! fir/ l9e ( ,hesp]ia is practically a ,k+sleyan hexamet] 7v4 inf47 ( ! v be/ k9d-- ,out ( ! golden remote wild we/ :]e ! sea )\t %ore is2 :ile ! second-- ,full ( ! sunset & sad if at all ) ! fulness ( joy1 is a p5tamet] ( simil> m\ld1 ) ! c5tre gap cunn+ly fill$ 9 by ! two %ort /it*es if at1 capable1 z y see bel[ 9 ,!e ,i beheld z bird borne 9 ) ! w9d f ! we/1 ( be+ duly equival5c$ ) "o long /it*1 l borne4 ,yet ! second l9e is capable also ( be+ scann$ exactly z ! fir/--anacrusis & five anape/s--b )\t ! f9al r$undance or hyp]catalexis2 & 9 o!r long l9es y w f9d t ! pr9ciple ( equival5ce is pres]v$ ?r\gh\t--t two %orts1 z 9 s w9d bl[s 9 f ! autumn t bl[s f ! region ( /ories1 defeat ! hexametrical movem5t1 & pull (f ! mask at ! beg9n+1 ?\gh x returns at ! end4 ,! metre is really anap/ic ?r\gh\t4 ,& 9 ,ev5+ on ! ,broads ! poet has c>ri$ ?is fur!r /ill1 provid+ 9 "s cases regul> app>5t elegiacs3 ,ov] ! %ad[less wat]s adrift z a p9nace 9 p]il1 ,hangs z 9 heavy susp5se *>g$ ) irresolute light4 7j7 ,mr4 ,sw9burne 7,*oriambics73 ,lve1 :t il$ ?e t lave lfe ?t ws mde lvely w ?ught w? lve8-- 7k7 ,mr4 ,sw9burne 7o!r long anap/ic & tro*aic measures73 ,if aga9 f ! night or ! twilight ( ages ,aristophanes _h aris54 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,t ! sea 0 n loveli] ?an "h 0 ! l&1 nor ! night ?an ! day1 nor ! day ?an ! night4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,night is utmo/ noon1 =lorn & /rong1 ) he>t a?ir/ & fa/+4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,till ! d>kl+ desire ( delight %all be f>1 z a fawn t is free f ! fangs t pursue h]4 7,^! are respectively sev5-foot anap/s ) r$undance 7anap/ic tetramet] catalectic72 ditto eight-foot 7tetramet] acatalectic72 tro*aic tetramet] acatalectic2 & anap/ic tetramet] hyp]catalectic 7eight feet & a half747 ,,xlvi4 ,,! ,,lat] ,,sonnet 7,to illu/rate ! /rict octave & sextet patt]n ) f9al rhymes adju/$ on ! ,italian patt]n47 ,dante ,rossetti3 ,"u ! ar* ( ,life1 :]e love & dea?1 ,trrr & mystry1 gard h] %r9e1 ,i saw ,beauty en?ron$2 & ?\gh h] gaze /ruck awe1 ,i drew x 9 z simply z my brea?4 ,h]s are ! eyes :i*1 ov] & b5ea? ,! sky & sea1 b5d o'er !e--:i* c draw ,by sea1 or sky1 or woman1 to "o law ,? lltt$ burd5 ( h] palm & wrea?4 ,?is is t ,lady ,beauty1 9 ^: praise ,?y voice & h& %ake /ill--long kn[n to !e ,by fly+ hair & fluttrng hm --! beat ,fllwng h] daily ( ?y he>t & feet4 ,h[ passontel & irretrievably ,9 :at fond flight1 h[ _m ways & days6 ,,xlvii4 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,attempts ,,at ,,hexamet]s ,,9 ,,engli% 7a7 ,e>li] 7,elizabe?an73 ,all travell]s d gladly report great praise ( ,ulysses1 ,= t he knew _m m5's mannrs & saw _m cities4 7,watson1 ap4 ,as*4 ,s*oolma/]1 p4 #gc1 ed4 ,arb]47 ,b ? ,que5e 9 meane :ile c>ks quand>e deepe angui%t1 ,h] w\nd f$ by ,venus1 ) firebayt smoldr$ is hook$3 ,!e wights d\ghtye manhood1 leagd ) g5tilytye nobil1 ,8 woords fitlye plac$1 ) 8 heunly phisnomye pleas+1 ,m>* ?rogh h] h]t mastr+1 all 9 h] bre/e deepelye %e pr9te?4 7,/anyhur/1 n4 iv4 #a-e1 ed4 ,arb]1 p4 #id47 ,:at might ,i call ?is tree8 ,a ,laurell8 ,o bonny ,laurell4 ,ne$es to ?y b[es w ,i b[ ?is knee & vayle my bonetto4 7,h>vey 9 lett] to ,sp5s]1 ,eliz4 ,crit4 ,essays1 ed4 ,gregory ,smi?1 i4 #ajf47 ,see yee ! bl9defoldd pretie god1 t fea!r$ ar*] ,( lovrs miseries :i* make? 8 bloodie game4 7,sp5s] 9 lett] to ,h>vey1 ibid4 i4 #ii47 7,all ^! tri$ to accommodate--?\gh sometimes r r\ghly--,engli% pronunciation to su* ( ! rules ( ,lat9 quantity1 by nature & position1 z c\ld be appli$4 ,"s ( !m ev5 tri$ to make g5]al rules = ,engli% quantity4 ,b ! wis]1 f ,as*am to ,campion1 admitt$ t dactylic rhy?m 0 difficult1 if n impossible1 to keep up 9 our language47 7b7 ,lat] ,georgian & ,victorian4 7#a7 ,col]idge 7,specim5 c4 #agii873 ,9 ! hexamet] rises ! f\nta9's silv column2 ,9 ! p5tamet] aye fall+ 9 melody back4 7,a v fair attempt1 b already %[+ ! natural t5d5cy ( ! l9es1 :5 poetically rhy?m$1 to anap/ic--! dott$--scansion47 7#b7 ,s\!y 7,vision ( ,judgm5t73 ',twas at t sob] h\r :5 ! light ( day is rec$+ ,& f surr\nd+ ?+s ! hues :]e) day has adorn$ !m ,fade l ! hopes ( y\?1 till ! beauty ( ea* has dep>t$4 7,anap/ic run avoid$ ) "s skill1 save n[ & !n2 b at ! co/ ( weak beg9n+s1 frequ5t1 & admitt$1 sub/itution ( tro*aic = spondaic effect1 &1 above all1 z 9 l9e #a1 an ugly rock+-horse division into ?ree bat*es ( two feet ea* in/ead ( ! prop] #b-a_/b #c-a_/b or #c-a_/b #b-a_/b47 7#c7 ,longfell[ 7,evangel9e73 ,long )9 _h be5 spread ! sn[-:ite clo? on ! table2 ,!re /ood ! :eat5 loaf1 & ! honey fragrant ) wild fl[]s2 ,!re /ood ! tank>d ( ale & ! *eese fre% br\ght f ! dairy2 ,& at ! head ( ! bo>d ! great arm-*air ( ! f>m]4 ,?us did ,evangel9e wait at h] fa!r's door z ! sunset ,?rew ! long %ad[s ( trees o'er ! broad ambrosial mead[s4 ,ah6 on h] _s )9 a deep] %ad[ _h fall54 7,a popul>1 tunable sort ( rhy?m1 obta9$ by a v l>ge proportion ( dactyls--(t5 really giv+ 7& always :5 really good7 ! anap/ic effect1--unhesitat+ adoption ( tro*ees & ev5 pyrrhics = spondees1 & n seldom ! ,s\!yan split at feet #b & #d4 ,an ess5tially rickety measure47 7#d7 ,cl\gh--e>li] 79 ! ,bo?ie ( ,tob]-na-,vuoli*--,evangel9e type1 b ) m spondees & spondaic end+s73 ,i 0 q "r la/ night1 x is too son1 to sudd54 7#e7 ,lat] he attempt$ ,engli% quantitative ?+s ( ?is k9d3 ,t ? plte grteful2 m lusci\s 7 n 9 ,ed52 & ,unto ! sweet flut+1 girls1 ( a sw>?y %phrd4 ,?is delib]ate neglect ( pronunciation 7plte = plte1 %phrd = %phrd7 has1 9 ! la/ half-c5tury or s1 develop$ itself into a /ill m delib]ate crusade aga9/ pronunciation2 x be+ suppos$ t a conflict ( acc5t & quantity has some?+ attractive ab\t x4 ,?us ! late ,mr4 ,/one wrote z a hexamet]3 ,is my we>y trvil#dg endd8 ,mu* fur!r is n /ore4 7#f7 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,k+sley's ,&rom$a--! be/ poem ( "s l5g? int5d$ = ,engli% hexamet]s--is cle>ly1 ?\gh n consci\sly1 anap/ic1 z ?us3 ,ov] ! m\nta9 al(t ran a ru% & a roll & a ro>+ ,d[nw>d ! breeze came malignant & leapt ) a h[l to ! wat]1 ,ro>+ 9 cranny & crag till ! pill>s & clefts ( ! basalt ,rang l a god-swept lyre4 ,& ,mr4 ,sw9burne did ! same ?+ 7see above7 consci\sly4 ,,xlviii4 ,,m9or ,,imitations ,,( ,,classical ,,metres 7a7 ,sapphics 7,watts73 ,:5 ! fi]ce ,nor?-w9d ) 8 airy =ces ,be>s up ! ,baltic to a foam+ fury1 ,& ! r$ lightn+ ) a /orm ( hail comes ,ru%+ ama9 d[n4 ,?is illu/rates--z d ! pieces :i* x1 beyond all d\bt1 patt]n$1 ?\gh 9 succession r ?an directly 7,c[p]'s ,hatr$ & ,v5geance1 ,s\!y's ,cold 0 ! ,night ,w9d1 & ,cann+'s triumphant p>ody ( ?is latt]1 ! ,ne$y ,knifegr9d]7--! unyokeabl5ess ( classical metres--:5 n m]ely iambic1 tro*aic1 or anap/ic--to ,engli% rhy?m4 ,! prop] run ( ! ,sapphic l9e is-- tumti-tumtum-tumtity-tumti-tum -ti -tum2 b ?is con/antly 9 ,engli%1 ?\gh n s mu* 9 ! fir/ l9e z else:]e1 *anges itself into -tum tumtity-tum tumtiti-titumty4 -ti ,mr4 ,sw9burne has got x "r1 b only z a t\r de =ce1 &1 z 9 l9e #b1 n always q c]ta9ly4 ,saw ! :ite implacable ,aphrodite1 ,saw ! hair unb\nd & ! feet uns&all$ ,%9e z fire ( sunset on we/]n wat]s1 ,saw ! reluctant4 ,b ,s\!y & ,cann+ always sugge/ ! wrong3 ,% hd n hme1 ? wrld ws ll bfre hr1 & ,/ry1 sr8 ,blss yu6 hve nne t tll yu2 7b7 ,alcaics 7,t5nyson73 ,o mighty-m\!d 9v5tor ( h>monies1 ,o skill$ to s+ ( ,"t or ,et]nity1 ,god-gifted organ-voice ( ,engl&1 ,milton1 a "n to res\nd = ages4 7,correct1 b n natural47 7c7 ,h5decasyllabics 7,col]idge73 ,he>1 my belov$1 an old ,milesian /ory6-- ,high1 & embosom'd 9 congregat$ laurels1 ,glimm]'d a temple ^u a breezy headl&2 ,9 ! dim di/ance1 amid ! skiey bill[s1 ,rose a fair isl&2 ! god ( flocks _h ble/ x4 7,^! v pretty l9es exhibit a mo/ curi\s in/ance ( ! unconsci\s =ce ( ! prosodic g5ius ( a language4 ,col]idge 0 a good classical s*ol>1 & q en\gh ( a ma!matician to "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 #aa & #ab4 ,yet e "o ( ^! h5decasyllabics w be f\nd to be a dodecasyllabic2 ! poet hav+ sub/itut$ 7z 9 ,engli% prosody is q all[able7 an initial dactyl = ! dissyllabic foot ( ! orig9al metre4 ,once m ?is %[s ! ,engli% impati5ce ( classical =m47 7d7 ,h5decasyllabics 7,t5nyson73 ,o y *orus ( indol5t review]s1 ,irresponsible1 indol5t review]s1 ,look1 ,i come to ! te/1 a t9y poem ,all compos$ 9 a metre ( ,catullus4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,h>d1 h>d1 h>d is x1 only n to tumble1 ,s fanta/ical is ! da9ty metre4 ,a triumph1 b a criticism z well1 z its own end+ %[s3 ,z "s r>e little rose1 a piece ( inmo/ ,horticultural art-- or v]sicultural r4 7e7 ,galliambics4 ,^! h be5 tri$ spl5didly by ,t5nyson 9 ,boadicea1 int]e/+ly by ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i? 9 ,phae?on1 unsuccessfully by ! late ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 9 8 v]sion ( ! ,atys ( ,catullus4 ,b ! metre is n q pla9 sail+ ev5 9 ,greek & ,lat91 & x is !re=e bett] to leave x alone "h & return to x 9 ,gloss>y4 ,,xlix4 ,,imitations ,,( ,,artificial ,,fr5* ,,=ms 7a7 ,triolet3 ,rose kiss$ me to-day4 ,w %e kiss me to-morr[8 ,let x be z x may1 ,rose kiss$ me to-day4 ,b ! pleasure gives way ,to a sav\r ( sorr[2-- ,rose kiss$ me to-day1-- ,w %e kiss me to-morr[8 7b7 ,rondeau3 ,) pipe & flute ! ru/ic ,pan ,( old made music sweet = man2 ,& wond] hu%$ ! w>bl+ bird1 ,& clos] drew ! calm-ey$ h]d1-- ,! roll+ riv] sl[li] ran4 ,ah6 w\ld1--ah6 w\ld1 a little span1 ,"s air ( ,arcady c\ld fan ,?is age ( ours1 too seldom /irr$ ,) pipe & flute6 ,b n[ = gold we plot & plan2 ,& f ,be]%eba unto ,dan1 ,apollo's self might pass unhe>d1 ,or f9d ! night-j>'s note pref]r$2-- ,n s x f>$1 :5 "t began1 ,) pipe & flute6 7,! numb] ( l9es 9 a rondeau is n immutable1 nor is x 9 a rondel1 :]e ! pr9ciple is ! return ( :ole l9es z 9 ! triolet1 b1 s9ce ! poem is long]1 giv+ room = m n repeat$ matt]47 7c7 ,ballade3 ,%ip1 to ! road/ead roll$1 ,:at do/ ?\8--,o1 once m ,rega9 ! port4 ,behold6 ,?y sides are b>e ( o>1 ,?y tall ma/ w\nd$ sore ,( ,africus1 & see1 ,:at %all ?y sp>s re/ore8-- ,tempt n ! tyrant sea6 ,:at cable n[ w hold ,:5 all drag out f %ore8 ,:at god can/ ?\1 too bold1 ,9 "t ( ne$ implore8 ,look6 = ?y sails flap o'er1 ,?y /iff %r\ds "p & flee1 ,fa/--fa/ ?y seams outp\r1-- ,tempt n ! tyrant sea6 ,:at ?\gh ?y ribs ( old ,! p9es ( ,pontus bore6 ,n n[ to /]n ( gold ,m5 tru/1 or pa9t$ prore6 ,?\1 or ?\ c\nt'/ x /ore ,a toy ( w9ds to be1 ,%un ?\ ! ,cyclads' ro>1-- ,tempt n ! tyrant sea6 ,,envoy4 ,%ip ( ! ,/ate1 be=e ,a c>e1 & n[ to me ,a hope 9 my he>t's core1-- ,tempt n ! tyrant sea6 7,all ^! examples are ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson's1 & ins]t$ "h by 8 k9d p]mission4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! l9es foll[ g5]al ,engli% prosodic rules4 ,x is only ! /anza t is borr[$47 ,l4 ,,lat] ,,rhymelessness 7a7 ,m4 ,arnold 7,! ,/ray$ ,revell]4 ,words pr9t$ exactly z orig9al1 except ! add$ &2 ! also add$ brackets %[ ! unconsci\s decasyllabism73 ,ev] new magic6 ,ha/ ?\ !n lur$ hi!r1 ,wond]ful ,goddess1 by ?y art1 ,! "y1 languid-ey$ ,ampelus1 ,iac*us' d>l+-- 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,!y see ! ,indian ,drift+1 knife 9 h&1 ,8 frail boat moor'd to ,a float+ isle ?ick-matt$ ,) l>ge-leav$ & l[-creep+ melon-leaves1 x ,& ! d>k cucumb]4 ,he reaps1 & /[s !m1 ,drift+--drift+2--r\nd him1 ,r\nd 8 gre5 h>ve/-plot1 ,fl[ ! cool lake-waves1 y ,! m\nta9s r+ !m4 7,"h ! fir/ piece is ?ree pure decasyllables1 ) r$undance1 cut into five4 ,! second requires only ! addition ( ! italicis$ & to make x a complete blank-v]se passage ) two %ort5$ l9es or half-l9es1 x & y1 ( ! k9d common 9 ,%akespe>e4 ,! poem is cramm$ ) %ort] /anza-pieces ( ! same k9d47 7b7 ,mr4 ,h5ley 7,spe$4 ,pr9t$ z orig9al & z prose73 ,roads :]e ! /alw>t ,soldi] ( ,cs> ,put by 8 bread ,& 8 g>lic1 & gird+ ,8 conqu]+ sword ,to 8 unconqu]$ ?igh1 ,lay d[n 9 8 arm\r1 ,& w5t to 8 ,gods ,by ! way t he'd made4 ,roads :]e ! /alw>t soldi] ( ,cs> put by 8 bread & 8 g>lic1 & gird+ 8 conqu]+ sword to 8 unconqu]$ ?igh1 lay d[n 9 8 arm\r1 & w5t to 8 ,gods by ! way he _h made4 7,! decasyllable is n q avoid$ ev5 "h1 z 9 ! bracket$ phrase4 ,b ! ma9 po9t is t ! ?+ reads p]fectly well z prose1 ) no obvi\s sugge/ion ( metre at all47 ,,li4 ,,"s ,,unusual ,,metres ,,& ,,disput$ ,,scansions ,"s measures ( rec5t poets h be5 object$1 or at lea/ propos$1 z (f]+ difficulties 9 respect ( ! sy/em ( ?is book4 ,x has !re=e seem$ well to scan !m "h4 7a7 ,fr$]ic ,my]s 7,/4 ,paul73 ,ys1 w?out *e] ( sist] or ( daught]-- ,ys1 w?out /ay ( fa!r or ( son-- ,lne n ! l& & homeless on ! wat] ,pss 9 pati5ce till ! "w be done4 7,!re is no?+ v peculi> or at all orig9al 9 ?is1 ?\gh x 0 probably n[ fir/ us$ cont9u\sly = a poem ( "s l5g?4 ,x is only decasyllabic quatra9 ) uni=m r$undance 9 ! fir/ & ?ird l9es1 & a /rong incl9ation to tro*aic op5+1 :i* 9 its turn sugge/s a prim>y dactyl & tro*ees to foll[1 z an alt]native 7see dott$ scansion74 ,examples ( x ant]ior to ,my]s may be f\nd--comm5t$ on 9 ! l>g] ,hi/ory 7vol4 iii4 #dha7--;9 ,zophiel1 v likely kn[n to ,my]s1 z he 0 mu* connect$ by family fri5d%ip ) ! ,lake ,s*ool2 9 ! fam\s poem ,f ! lone %eil+ on ! mi/y isl&1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* has be5 s mu* conte/$2 & 9 ,emily ,bronte's ,remembrance 7see aga9 vol4 iii4 ( ,hi/4 ,pros4 p4 #cgh71 ( :i* he _c possibly h be5 ignorant4#dh ,8 own %>e 9 ! matt] w\ld seem to h be5 limit$ to ! p]sev]+ adoption ( x 9 an unv>i$ =m4 ,:e!r ?is be an advantage or n is a "q ( ta/e3 ! prosodic description ( ! metre is cle> & 9 no way recondite47 7b7 ,erne/ ,d[son 7,cyn>a7 ,non sum qualis eram1 etc43 ,la/ night1 ah6 yest] night betwixt h] lips & m9e ,!re fell ?y %ad[1 ,cyn>a6 ?y brea? 0 %$ ,^u my s\l betwe5 ! kisses & ! w9e1 ,& ,i 0 desolate1 & sick ( an old passion2 ,yea1 ,i 0 desolate & b[$ my head4 ,i h be5 fai?ful to !e1 ,cyn>a1 9 my fa%ion4 7,sextet ( ,alex&r9es ) decasyllable 7or bra*ycatalexis7 9 ! #e? l9e1 & ) hyp]catalexis1 r$undance1 or d\ble rhyme 9 ! #d? & #f?4 ,an orig9al collocation1 s f> z ,i "k1 b no?+ new or /range 9 pr9ciple4 ,! actual poem is a r beautiful "o2 b h[ mu* is contribut$ to ! beauty by ! special metre is ano!r "q4 ,at any rate1 once m1 x has no difficulties = foot-scansion47 7c7 ,! univ]sally kn[n passage 9 ,macbe?-- ,to-morr[ & to-morr[ & to-morr[1 ) ! foll[+ l9es1 has also be5 propos$ z a crux4 ,b ?is mu/ h be5 a n v brilliant joke2 & x w\ld be an insult to ! /ud5t to scan ! passage4 ,x is "o ( ! f9e/ specim5s ( ,%akespe>ian equival5ce & f+]$ blank v]se1 b (f]s no m difficulties1 on ! sy/em ( ?is book1 ?an any c\plet ( ,pope or any v]se ( ! ,old ,hundr$?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m passages ( ,%akespe>e may n illegitimately puzzle ! /ud5t if he does n realise t1 al?\gh 7x is believ$7 e l9e :i* is n corrupt c be scann$ on our sy/em1 e l9e is by no means an exact five-foot4 ,9 accordance ) ! be/ ,engli% practice1 old] & new]1 ,%akespe>e does n scruple to ext5d 8 l9es to ,alex&r9es1 & ev5 to f\rte5]s1 :ile ! exig5cies ( drama entitle him to use l9es ( less ?an five full feet4 ,b all ^!--! fragm5ts z well z ! ext5d$ l9es--obey ! g5]al law ( iambic arrangem5t ) sub/itution 9 individual feet4 ,?us 9 ,lady ,macbe?'s invocation ( ! ,spirits ( ,evil 7,i4 v4 #di7-- ,& take my milk = gall1 y murd]+ m9i/]s1 is a regul> ,alex&r9e4 ,h] husb&'s halluc9ation-- ,i see !e yet1 9 =m z palpable ,z ?is :i* n[ ,i draw1 /ops 9 ! second l9e at ! ?ird foot4 ,diff]5t l9es ( ! gho/'s great spee* 9 ,hamlet 7,i4 v4 #db-ia7 %[ ! ,alex&r9e-- ,o1 horrible6 ,o1 horrible6 mo/ horrible6 & a fragm5t ( two feet & a half-- ,all my smoo? body4 ,if /udi$ 9 ?is way1 ev5 ! sc5es :]e %ort spee*es ( ! conv]sational k9d =m ! /aple w be f\nd to piece !mselves toge!r p]fectly well 9 cont9u\s scansion4 ,,footnotes3 #ca ,m w be f\nd on ?is & ! orig9 ( o!r metres 9 ,bk4 ,,iv4 #cb ,or possibly ,hwi nultu fare to ,noreweie1 :i* is m likely z to f> 7f>n71 & looks =w>d to ! fa%ion 9 :i* we n[ say ,norway1 b ,galloway4 ,! rem>k w ext5d to n a few o!r scansions4 #cc ,= orig9 & explanation see ,gloss>y4 #cd ,see aga9 ,bk4 ,,iv4 = full] in=mation on ?is4 #ce ,! ,,ms4 has ! contraction ,sn4 #cf ,z 9 hips & haws4 #cg ,f ,sp5s] onw>d ! spell+ is mod]n4 #ch ,sp5s] "h takes 7z he sometimes cont9u$ to d ev5 9 ,f4 ,q47 ! lib]ty ( %ift+ ! rhym+ syllable4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is is n a good lib]ty4 ,b 9 /ruggl+ out ( ! fifte5?-c5tury sl\gh ,wyatt 0 con/antly driv5 to x1 & x 0 n till ! sev5te5? t poets recognis$ ! fact t ! easem5t 0 m ( a disfigurem5t ?an x 0 wor?4 #ci ,fall5 is pretty c]ta9ly fall'n4 #dj ,= m on ,%akespe>e's blank v]se see ! close ( ?is *apt] & ! next ,book4 #da ,= ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 & ,samson ,agoni/es1 v4 inf4 ,book ,,ii4 #db ,= scann$ examples ( ,%akespe>e's complete prosodic grasp 9 lyric1 v4 inf4 pp4 #ahb-c4 #dc ,see ,gloss>y1 ,musical & ,rhetorical ,arrangem5ts4 #dd ,= m on ! diff]5ces ( 8 c\plet & ,dryd5's1 see next ,book4 #de ,unrhym$ t]m9ation z f> z end-syllable goes4 #df ,see next ,book4 #dg ,i regret t 9 my l>g] ,hi/ory 7iii4 #dcj-dca7 ,i did n notice ! mispr9t ( travel2 metrically1 h[ev]1 x makes no real diff]5ce4 #dh ,9 fact1 !re are ev5 mu* old] examples1 z 9 ,clevel&'s ,m>k ,antony & "s ?+s ( ,dryd5's1 on "o ( _! possible scansions1 see ,hi/4 ,pros4 ,,iii4 *ap4 iii4 ,,book ,,ii ,,hi/orical ,,sket* ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,,*apt] ,i ,,f ,,! ,,orig9s ,,to ,,*auc]--,,! ,,con/itution ,,( ,,engli% ,,v]se#di ,sid5ote3 ,relations ( ,old to ,middle & ,new ,engli% ,! ma9 fact1 at once c5tral & fundam5tal--a pivot :]eon ! :ole /ructure at once re/s & turns1--:i* x is necess>y to und]/& 9 ord] to und]/& ,engli% prosody1 is connect$ )--is inde$ "o side or case (--! o!r fact ( ! hi/ory ( ,engli% language & ,engli% lit]ature4 ,s f> z is kn[n to ! pres5t writ]1 no o!r language & no o!r lit]ature /& 9 precisely ! same condition1 z reg>ds ! relation ( _! te*nically ,old1 ,middle1 & ,new or ,mod]n =ms4 ,! relation ( :at is call$ ,old ,fr5* to ,mod]n is n t ( ,old ,engli% to ,mod]n1 b r t ( ,middle1 if n a clos] "o /ill4 ,& ?\gh ,high & ,l[ ,g]man h _h _! v>i\s /ages sep>at$ = philological purposes1 ! ,cont95tal ,teutonic dialects h nev] und]gone any?+ l ! process ( modification by ,romance influ5ce1 old] & y\ng]1 popul> & lit]>y1 :i* turn$ ,anglo-,saxon into ,engli% betwe5 ! elev5? & ! ?irte5? c5turies4 ,sid5ote3 g5]ally1 ,?is process 0 "o n s mu*--if inde$ x 0 "o at all--( consci\s borr[+3 x 0 "o n s mu* ( delib]ate imitation 7?\gh !re 0 mu* ( t 9 a way7 z "o ( actual physical impregnation1 f]tilis+1 bl5d+1 :i* result$ 9 a true & p]man5t cross or hybrid p]petual1 possess+ & ex]cis+ ! faculties ( self-developm5t & self-propagation4 ,sid5ote3 & 9 prosody4 ,9 p]haps no way 7 ^! faculties m /rik+ly & rem>kably ex]cis$ & illu/rat$ ?an 9 reg>d to prosody2 & x mu/1 unluckily1 be add$ t 9 no in/ance has _! ex]cise be5 m frequ5tly & m fatally miscon/ru$4 ,! pres5t writ] beg9s a fre% attempt to set =? :at really happ5$ ) ! foll[+ enc\ragem5t--9 ! way ( a review]'s s5t5ce on 8 e>li] & l>g] ef=t--be=e 8 eyes3 ,mr4 ,s4's cont5tion is t ,a4,s4 prosody di$ out1 & t ,engli% prosody is entirely drawn f ! ,lat91 ) ! aid ( ,fr5* & ,prov5al4 ,n[ ! cont5tion ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,prosody is z directly & delib]ately b5t aga9/ ?is doctr9e z aga9/ ,dr4 ,gue/'s !ory1 t ! pr9ciples ( ,anglo-,saxon prosody h gov]n$ ,engli% ?r\gh\t its c\rse4 ,^! falsehoods ( extremes appe> to h m lives ?an a cat1 if n z _m heads z a hydra2 & _! ma9 pr9ciple ( vitality no d\bt is t x is possible to put !m 9 plump pla9-look+ phraseology :i* ! ,beav] c well und]/&4 ,:at did actually happ5 0 f> less simple2 b ! attempt to expla9 x mu/ once m be made4 ,sid5ote3 ,anglo-,saxon prosody itself4 ,z to :at ,anglo-,saxon prosody itself 01 al?\gh1 z 9 all ^! matt]s1 !re are m9or dissid5ces among ! au?orities1 ! ma9 arrangem5t is sun-cle>4 ,!re is practically only "o l9e2 ?\gh 7& ! fact is ( ine/imable importance1 & :5 once really und]/ood w c>ry ! und]/&] ?r\gh to ! v pres5t day7 ! syllabic l5g?s ( t l9e may diff] l>gely ev5 9 normal cases1 & to an at fir/ sight almo/ irrational degree 9 :at are call$ ! ext5d$ v>ieties4 ,?is normal l9e 9 its mo/ normal condition--nei!r cut %ort nor drawn out--consi/s usually ( ab\t n9e or t5 syllables4 ,^! are n arrang$ s z to produce a def9ite foot-rhy?m1 ?\gh !re is a g5]al sugge/ion ( ! tro*ee4 ,& attempts 7n to be spok5 ( ) any?+ b enc\ragem5t & wi%es = _! success1 if ) "s d\bt z to its atta9m5t7 h be5 made to assign1 9 all cases1 def9ite division into associations ( syllables :i* might be call$ feet4 ,o!r features are unmi/akable & inconte/able4 ,!re is always a %>p middle division--s /rong t ! l9es may be1 & (t5 are1 pr9t$ z halves4 ,!re are always m or few] 7mo/ frequ5tly two 9 ! fir/ half & "o 9 ! second7 allit]at$ syllables 7"o consonant or any v[el74 ,& ^! syllables1 ) occasionally ano!r or s1 are usually acc5t$1 b divid$ f ea* o!r by a c]ta9 or unc]ta9 numb] ( unacc5t$ ones4 ,! proportion & arrangem5t ( ^! fall into ! controv]t$ ?+s2 & ! ext5sion ( ! normal l9e is a po9t only ( indirect importance1 ?\gh ( v great importance indirectly1 "h4 ,! attempts :i* h be5 made to trace ballad metre1 nurs]y-rhyme metre1 etc41 to ,a4,s4 orig9als are also outside our limits4 ,to ! pres5t writ] !y appe> to be hopelessly vitiat$ by two absolutely c]ta9 facts3 7#a7 t we d n "k h[ ,anglo-,saxon 0 pron\nc$2 7#b7 t its pronunciation1 :atev] x 01 mu/ h be5 radically affect$ by ! *anges :i* made x into ,middle ,engli%4 ,b f\r c>d9al po9ts rema91 ( su* importance t !y _c be too att5tively /udi$ or too con/antly rememb]$4 ,!y are ^!3 t ! olde/ ,engli% prosody re/$ on 7#a7 a sy/em ( h>d & fa/ middle pause2 7#b7 allit]ation1 di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole l9e2 7#c7 acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables1 ! =m] usually knit to ! allit]ation 9 "s k9d ( sub-comb9ation2 b 7#d7 t ! laws ( ?is comb9ation1 & ! pr9ciple on :i* ! sub-comb9ations c\ld be sub/itut$1 omitt$1 or multipli$1 7 ( ! free/ description4 ,x is said1 & x c well be believ$1 t !y =bade "s ?+s4 ,x is c]ta9 t !y p]mitt$ v _m1 comb9+ ! free/ sub/itution 9 ! same l9e1 ( ! k9d obs]vable 9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek hexamet] or trimet]1 ) an app>5t v>iety ( l5g?s1 9 diff]5t l9es1 h>dly inf]ior to t ( a ,greek *orus or ode4 ,sid5ote3 ,prosody ( ! ,transition to to ,middle ,engli% ,?is prosody gov]n$ ,engli% v]se f a "t c]ta9ly ant]ior to ! exi/5ce ( any ,engli% nationality to ab\t #ajjj ,a4,d41 ! great bulk ( ! production result+ "u x be+ consid]ably old] ?an ! la/-nam$ date4 ,at or ab\t t date1 c]ta9ly be=e ! ,conque/1 x began to be subject$ to devitalis+ & dis9tegrat+ influ5ces1 n necess>y to be discuss$ 9 detail "h4 ,! important fact is t f c4 #ajjj to c4 #abjj ! exi/+ am\nt ( ,old ,engli% v]se is v small inde$2 & t1 ev5 9 ! few exi/+ probably dat$ examples1 s+ul> *anges beg9 to exhibit !mselves4 ,9 ! ,rhym+ ,poem 7be=e #ajjj87 ! introduction ( ! elem5t indicat$ 9 ! title completely revolutionises ! sy/em4#ej ,9 ! ,grave ,poem 7c4 #aajj87 a new elem5t ( rhy?m appe>s1 ! t5d5cy be+1 "h & h5ce=?1 to sub/itute iambic1 v>i$ by anape/ic1 cad5ce = ! g5]al tro*aic run1 & to associate two l9es or f\r halves 9 a k9d ( quatra94#ea ,9 ! rem>kable fragm5ts ( ,/4 ,godric 7#aaej87 rhyme1 :i* does n appe> 9 ! ,grave ,poem1 assi/s ! rhy?mical t5d5cy ( ?is latt] to make a new music2#eb & ! well-kn[n ,canute ,song#ec *imes 94 ,:ile if ! ,pat]no/] be really ( ! twelf? c5tury1 z "s h said1 !re are 9 x iambic dimet] c\plets#ed ( a k9d :i* nev]1 by any *ance1 sugge/s itself 9 ! :ole corpus ( ,anglo-,saxon poetry prop]4 ,?is c\plet is nei!r m nor less ?an a pair ( iambic dimet]s or f\r-acc5t '-beat' l9es 9 ris+ /ress1 %ort5$ occasionally to sev5 syllables in/ead ( eight1 probably f ! fir/ also admitt+ ext5sion1 n by addition ( feet1 b by sub/itution ( !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,contra/ 9 ,layamon4 ,two c\plets1 or two bat*es ( %ort 7half7 l9es1 f ,layamon w %[ ! diff]5ce at once & unmi/akably to any "o :o possesses an e>3 ,eorles !r comen ri*e & wel idone4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,? nswrd ,vrtgr f l*n vl h ws wr4 ,! fir/ di/i*1 x w be obs]v$1 is a loose & brok5-d[n "o on ! s*emes ( p]fect ,o4,e4 v]se4 ,!re is h>dly any real allit]ation1 & ! acc5t$ syllables are clumsily plac$ & valu$4 ,b ! ?+ does reta91 & t pretty suffici5tly1 ! /rong c5tre pause1 & ! fold+-back sw+ ( ! two halves1 l ^? ( a flail or a pair ( lemon-squeez]s1 :i* are ! real *>act]i/ics ( ,o4,e4 or ,a4,s4 v]se4 ,x is n itself ri*e v]sification2 x is n wel idone2 b y _c mi/ake x = any?+ b :at x is4 ,) ! o!r y h got into a new _w4 ,!re is allit]ation "h2 b x has no?+ on e>? to d ) ! con/ruction & run ( ! v]se4 ,!re is :at y may call acc5t if y insi/ ^u x2 b x is q diff]5tly & mu* m regul>ly arrang$1 con/itut+1 moreov]1 a rhy?m p]fectly di/9ct to ! e>4 ,!re are two halves2 b ! second half is n s mu* a completion z a repetition4 ,& in/ead ( ! /rong middle break--a break & no?+ else--! halves are tipp$ ) rhyme--a division :i*1 if !y 7 pr9t$ /raight on1 y w\ld n notice till y got to ! end ( ! second1 & :i* requires v little 7h>dly any7 /op ( ! voice1 :ile ! brea* ( ! old c\plet insi/s on ?is4 ,sid5ote3 ,exam9ations ( x--,insuffici5t4 ,n[ ! "q legitimately sugge/s itself1 ,:y is ?is /range contra/ pres5t8--a contra/ :i*1 x %\ld be add$1 is n only pres5t b omnipres5t 9 ?is great poem ( #cj1jjj 7half7 l9es 9 all =ms1 f some?+ q ne> ! old ,a4,s4 l9e1 ?r\gh ?+s f>!r f x1 to imp]fect =ms ( ! new c\plet & s to p]fect ones4 ,"o answ] is z foll[s3 ,?is c\plet 0 already e/abli%$ 9 ,fr5* lit]ature--9 fact 9 ! v ,fr5* lit]ature 7,wace7 :i* =m$ "p ( ,layamon's orig9als4 ,moreov]1 x exi/s also 9 ,lat9--! ,lat9 ( ! hymns ) :i* ! prie/ ,layamon mu/ h be5 p]fectly famili>4 ,:51 !re=e1 x appe>s1 he is simply imitat+ x ) m or less success4 ,n[ ! facts ( ?is answ]1 z f> z !y g1 are indisputable4 ,! octosyllabic c\plet1 ?\gh n s old z ! decasyllabic l9e 9 ,o4,f41 is v old1 & by ,layamon's "t _h be5 writt5 v l>gely inde$4 ,octosyllabic l9es1 bo? ( iambic & tro*aic cad5ce1 =m ! v /aple ( ! ,lat9 hymns2 & bo? 9 ,lat9 7e>li] f>7 & 9 ,fr5*1 aft] a p]iod ( assonance1 rhyme _h ?or\ghly e/abli%$ itself4 ,s f>1 s good2 b x is to be hop$ t intellig5t m9ds w p]ceive an occurr+ difficulty4 ,if ?is selection ( metre is an elaborate attempt to imitate ,fr5* or ,lat91 or bo?1 :y are its results s extraord9>ily sporadic8 ,"o c\ld und]/& ! pres5ce ( _m imp]fect l9es & c\plets2 x might ev5 be surpris+ t 9 a fir/ attempt !re %\ld be su* good ones z t above quot$4 ,b h[ c\ld ! man1 9 an actual majority ( cases1 produce /uff l ! o!r di/i* quot$1 & _m m unrhy?mical /ill1 :i* are n ev5 attempts at ! iambic c\plet--:i* h no connection :atev] ) x8 ,sid5ote3 ,suffici5t4 ,no2 an explanation at once m subtle & m natural is want$2 = x is a great mi/ake to ?9k t ! subtl] is necess>ily ! less natural4 ,does n ?is imm5se mass ( app>5tly confus$ exp]im5t sugge/ t ! language itself has pass$ into a new rhy?mical atmosph]e8--t two diff]5t metrical sy/ems1 "o dropp+ & dy+ (f ev] fa9t] to ! e>1 ! o!r becom+ cle>] & cle>] to x1 7 s\nd+ 9 ,layamon's bra98 ,sometimes he writes "u "o influ5ce2 sometimes "u ! o!r2 m frequ5tly "u confus$ e*oes ( bo?4 ,su* a set ( causes w\ld produce exactly su* a set ( results4 ,nor is x ( ! slighte/ relevance1 z an objection1 to say t ! total numb] ( new ,romance words 9 ,layamon is v small--a c\ple ( hundr$ p]haps 9 bo? =ms ( ! poem tak5 toge!r4 ,y d n necess>ily require "o ,romance ^w to fa%ion ! mo/ complicat$ metres ( ,t5nyson & ,mr4 ,sw9burne4 ,! po9t is1 ,:at 0 ! g5]al rhy?m1 & :at 7 ! means ( obta9+ x1 :i* s\nd$ mo/ gratefully 9 ,engli% e>s at ! op5+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury & onw>ds8 ,! facts1 if !y1 z !y too seldom h be51 are c>efully arrang$ & imp>tially consid]$1 answ] ?is fur!r "q z cle>ly z any reasonable p]son c desire4 ,we possess a relatively consid]able numb] ( poems compos$ probably betwe5 #abjj & #abej4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! are1 besides ,layamon's ,brut itself1 ! ,ormulum1 ! ,poema ,morale or ,moral ,ode1 ! ,orison ( ,our ,lady1 a ,be/i>y1 ! ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$ & ( ,h5dyng1 ! ,love-,rune & o!r m9or pieces1 ! ,middle ,engli% ,g5esis & ,exodus1 & ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r docum5ts4 ,h>dly two ( ^! are 9 ! same metre1 at lea/ 9 ! same =m ( ! same metre1 & none ( !m exhibits exactly ! same curi\s bl5d ( old & new z t :i* appe>s 9 ! ,brut4 ,b1 = t v reason1 !y en=ce ! same g5]al lesson--= !y d en=ce x--9 ! mo/ /rik+ & conclusive way possible4 ,t lesson is1 z we saw1 t ! new language ( ,engli% 0 seek+ 9 e possible way = a new prosody ( ,engli%1 & 0 f9d+ x "u sev]al & special =ms ( exp]im5t1 b 9 ! same g5]al _s4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,ormulum4 ,orm--evid5tly1 f 8 punctilio ab\t spell+1#ee a man curi\s & p>ticul> ab\t details--adopts ! ,fr5* pr9ciple ( absolute syllabic uni=mity2 ?\gh he does n accept any ( ! actually exi/+ ,fr5* metres1 & rejects--possibly to save tr\ble1 possibly z ?9k+ !m unsuitable to 8 sacr$ subject--bo? assonance & rhyme4 ,he writes--9 ! /ricte/ & mo/ humdrum iambic cad5ce1 z ( ! lea/-inspir$ ,fr5* or ,lat9 poetry--fifte5]s or comb9ations ( eights & sev5s4 ,( ! old long-l9$ /ave he has kept no positive quality b its c5tre pause1 & h>dly any important negative "o save its rhymelessness4 ,( ! new metre1 he has aim$ at--he has c]ta9ly rea*$--no?+ b its foot-division & consequ5t rhy?m4 ,b he has got ^! 9 ! mo/ pron\nc$1 if h>dly 9 ! mo/ attractive1 =m4 ,except = ! odd syllable1 we are "h already 9 full pres5ce ( ! jog-trot ballad & hymn common measure ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,nay1 ?is odd syllable itself is ( great int]e/1 = x reappe>s 9 ! sung brea? or grunt--a3 ,y\r sad "o tires 9 a mile-a1 etc4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,moral ,ode & ! ,orison ( ,our ,lady4 ,op9ions may diff] slightly on ! "q :e!r ?is fifte5] is actually ! same z ! f\rte5] :i* lat] became s common1 & :i* directly eng5d]$ ! common measure itself2 or :e!r ! two 7 indep5d5t attempts to metricise ! old long l9e4 ,x is ( c\rse cle> t1 z f9al e's dropp$ (f1 fifte5 w\ld become f\rte5 9 any case4 ,b 9 two ( ! poems m5tion$ above1 ! ,moral ,ode & ! ,orison ( ,our ,lady1 al?\gh ! fir/-nam$ has _m fifte5]s1 & ! la/ is highly irregul>1 ! set t[>ds iambic sev5-foot rhy?m is well m>k$4 ,& !re are two /ill m int]e/+ ?+s ab\t ^! two poems4 ,we h sev]al v]sions ( ! ,poema ,morale :i* h be5 arrang$--n on prosodic gr\nds--9 ord] ( *ronological sequ5ce4 ,& x is 9 ! highe/ degree notewor?y t ! late/ ( ^! =ms1 l ! lat] v]sion ( ,layamon1 exhibits rem>kable t\*es ( prosodic melioration4 ,x is /ill m important t among ! irregul> & exp]im5tal v>ieties ( ! ,orison actual iambic decasyllables1 &1 :at is m1 some?+ l ! decasyllabic c\plet1 make _! appe>ance ne>ly two c5turies be=e ,*auc]4#ef ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$ & ,h5dyng4 ,^! rem>kable lessons 9 comp>ison are repeat$1 ) ! usual & invaluable confirmation ( v>iety1 9 ! curi\s docum5ts call$ respectively ! ,prov]bs ,alfr$ & ! ,prov]bs ( ,h5dyng4 ,! relation1 9 po9t ( matt]1 ( ! latt] to ! =m]1 & ( ! =m] itself to a possible ,a4,s4 collection made by ! k+1 or "u 8 auspices1 ne$ n conc]n u4 ,x is en\gh t our exi/+ ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$ are ,m4,e4 9 language & e>ly ?irte5? c5tury 9 date2 :ile ^? ( ,h5dyng are p]haps half a c5tury y\ng]4 ,^! latt] are slightly m mod]n 9 language2 b ?is is accompani$ by1 & no d\bt n a little directly connect$ )1 /ill great] mod]nisation ( =m4 ,! e>li] reh&l] 7or "s ( ! reh&l]s1 = ! "w is pretty c]ta9ly n ( "o only7 evid5tly /uck z ne> z he c\ld to 8 orig9al--words & all4 ,b he 01 or !y 71 9 ,layamon's /ate--only m s4 ,rhyme appe>s fitfully2 regul> iambic & tro*aic rhy?m m fitfully2 allit]ation mo/ fitfully ( all4 ,! v>i\s sections are /anza-bundles ( %ort l9es or half l9es1 :i*1 tak5 s+ly & pr9t$ /raight on1 might tempt no v ha/y1 ill-in=m$1 or un9tellig5t read] to reg>d !m z %e] prose1 ) an irregul> s+-song & j+le "h & !re4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,prov]bs ( ,h5dyng are unmi/akable ,engli% v]se1 ! /anza call$ 9 ,fr5* rime c\e1 f ! ,lat9 v]sus caudatus 7aft]w>ds common & fam\s z ! six-l9e /anza 9 :i* a v l>ge proportion1 if n ! majority1 ( our romances are writt574 ,x is a comb9ation ( eight- & six-syllabl$ l9es arrang$ #h1 #h1 #f1 #h1 #h1 #f1 & rhym$ aabccb2 ! rhy?m be+ regul>ly iambic1 & ! :ole diff]+ 9 no respect f simil> v]se ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & 9 only "o respect f su* z ,gray's ,cat ode 9 ! eighte5?4 ,& t "o is priceless1 = x is ! appe>ance ( sub/itution--! great ,engli% *>act]i/ic :i* sep>ates our v]se f its ,fr5* patt]ns--if patt]ns !y 7--:i* ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies unwisely gave up1 = :i* ,%5/one plead$1#eg & :i* ,*att]ton1 & ,blake1 & ,s\!y1 & ,col]idge re/or$4 ,monosyllabic & trisyllabic feet1 z %[n 9 ! examples1#eh are freely employ$2 & ! result is t a d\ble advantage is secur$4 ,! actual %apelessness ( "o direct p>5t1 ! brok5-d[n ,a4,s4 v]sicle1 is effectually cur$3 !re is no possibility ( mi/ak+ ?is composition = prose4 ,! possible monotony & s+-song ( ! o!r--! regul> syllabic ,fr5* model1 long aft]w>ds p>odi$ & expos$ immortally 9 ,*auc]'s ,sir ,?opas--is avoid$ likewise4 ,!re is a little assonance1 b = ! mo/ "p q regul> & satisfactory rhyme4 ,!re is effective correspond5t rhy?m1 result+ f feet cle>ly m>k$1 b1 z has be5 said1 boldly h&l$ 9 ! ,engli%1 n ! ,fr5* or ,l[ ,lat9 mann]4 ,! /anza is well kept1 ?\gh ! sub/itution prev5ts its be+ a m]e me*anic reproduction4 ,9 %ort1 !re is fre$om1 & !re is ord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,be/i>y4 ,n less wor?y ( /udy is ! ,be/i>y4#ei ,"h ! direct orig9s are =tunately kn[n & are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,! ultimate "o is ! ,lat9 ( ,!tbaldus 9 ,leon9e hexamet]s--t is to say1 hexamet]s )1 9 ?is case n v complete or regul>1 b /ill unmi/akable1 rhyme at ! csura & ! end4 ,?is gives some?+ ( a ready-made correspond5ce to ! old ,a4,s4 l9e ) its middle break1 &1 at ! same "t1 sugge/s rhym+ halves4 ,b !re 0 also at h& a ,fr5* be/i>y by ,philippe de ,?aun1 :]e ! writ]1 tak+ ! o!r already e/abli%$ hexamet]-trimet] ( 8 own lit]ature1 ! ,alex&r9e1 breaks x into regul> six-syllabl$ c\plets4 ,! ,engli%man1 :oev] he 01 endeav\rs to foll[ ?is arrangem5t1 & p]haps some?+ m4 ,he has got ! six-syllable l9e & c\plet 9 8 e>2 he has got ev5 a sort ( notion ( /anza 9 addition1 & he n[ & !n he>s rhyme4 ,b he is a v r\gh v]se-smi?1 9 ! ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$ /age or ne> x1 & he is p]petually hitt+ & miss+ cad5ces & con/ructions :i* 7 n to be p]fect$ = long1 b half develop$--que] creatures re>+ !mselves f ! e>? l ^? 9 ! old woodcuts ( ! ,creation4 ,he has m v>iety ?an ,layamon1 & sometimes m music ?an ! ,alfr$ man2 b ) !m he provides ! great museum ( examples ( ,engli% v]se 9 ! fir/ /age ( mak+4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9or poems4 ,e n[ & !n1 too1 he provides u ) some?+ t is n r\gh at all1 z 9 ! passage app5d$1#fj :i* is p]fect mod]n ,engli% rhy?m & goes to a well-kn[n c>ol tune4 ,& ( ?is m p]fect craftsman%ip1 9 =ms precise en\gh to br+ out ! qualities & capacities ( ! new prosody1 ! m9or & miscellane\s poems ( ! ?irte5? c5tury supply ample & v>i$ in/ances4 ,!re is ,romance-six1 probably e>li] ?an ! ,prov]bs ( ,h5dyng2 f\rte5] metre1 m poli%$ ?an t ( ! ,moral ,ode2 &1 be/ ( all1 ! beg9n+1 9 ! ,love-,rune1#fa ( ! great alt]nately rhym$ octosyllabic quatra91 ! long measure 7common1 or ! split f\rte5]1 0 to be a little lat]7 ( a myriad hymns & secul> pieces s9ce4 ,?is long measure is 9 "s ways m advanc$ ?an almo/ any?+ ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 display+ equival5ce1 admitt+ int]nal rhyme#fb--prophesy+1 ?r\gh ,*att]ton & ,blake1 ! ,great ,in/auration ( ,col]idge1 ,s\!y1 & ,scott4 ,b we mu/ complete ?is gr\p by :at are p]haps its mo/ important1 ?\gh n its e>lie/ memb]s1 ! two great examples ( ! octosyllabic l9e itself 9 its simple/ c\plet =m4 ,x may almo/ be said t ,g5esis & ,exodus 7! ,m4,e4 n ! ,a4,s4 p>aphrase7 & ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale are suffici5t betwe5 !m to tea* all ! ma9 secrets ( ,engli% prosody4 ,!y are c]ta9ly suffici5t to %[ :at x is & :at x is n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale & ,g5esis & ,exodus4 ,we h se5 h[ ?is c\plet em]ges 9 ! ,brut ( ,layamon1 & h[ x !re pres5ts itself z a transi5t & emb>rass$ alt]native to mo/ly brok5-d[n & %apeless pairs ( some?+ l ! old half-l9e4 ,9 ! two poems j m5tion$ x is n transi5t1 b abides2 nor is x 9 ! lea/ emb>rass$4 ,x has q %ak5 (f its dilapidat$ companions1 & abides 9 its own h\se4 ,b t h\se is a h\se ( two w+s or two fronts4 ,! "o :i* ! au?or ( ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale pref]s approximates 9 its v]se-build+ to ! ,fr5* sy/em ( ar*itecture1 & is1 if n rigidly uni=m 9 syllabic arrangem5t 7& especially pati5t z ! metre always has be5 s9ce ( limitation to sev5 ) a consequ5t h9t ( tro*aic rhy?m71 yet almo/ rigidly iambic or tro*aic 9 run4 ,! o!r1 ( :i* ,g5esis & ,exodus is ! ma9 occupant1 admits1 ) ! utmo/ fre$om1 t pr9ciple ( trisyllabic 7if n also monosyllabic7 equival5ce into :i* ! old lib]ty ( ,anglo-,saxon _h trans=m$ itself "u ! suffici5t b n tyrannical pressure ( ! new foot prosody4 ,& x pres5ts an almo/ p]fect specim5 ( ! metre :i* ,sp5s] 7:e!r int5tionally or n7 employ$ 9 p>ts ( ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 & :i* ,col]idge1 m ?an #ejj ye>s lat]1 believ$ himself to h inv5t$1 & expla9$ 9 a v insuffici5t mann]4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y ( results to ! mid-?irte5? c5tury4 ,x is ^u ! und]/&+ :i* ! /ud5t atta9s & ^u ! int]pretation :i* he makes or accepts ( ! gr\p ( pieces f ! ,brut to ,g5esis & ,exodus1 :i* h j be5 discuss$1 t ?is /ud5t's :ole conception ( ,engli% prosody w dep5d4 ,un=tunately1 he w n f9d su* au?orities z h deliv]$ !mselves on ! subject by any means unanim\s2 m un=tunately /ill1 x mu/ be said "h1 he w f9d mo/ ( !m inadequate1 & n a few positively wrong4 ,9 ano!r "p ( ?is book "s acc\nt ( ! m usual !ories is giv54 ,x is en\gh to say "h1 t nei!r ! sy/em :i* reg>ds ?is v]se z consi/+ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( /ress$ syllables & a c]ta9 or unc]ta9 numb] ( un/ress$1 nor t :i* w\ld reg>d "s ( x z foll[+ old ,engli%1 "s new ,fr5* models1 appe>s to fit ! actual facts or expla9 _! actual consequ5ces4 ,to assign ! equival5c$ v>ieties to a nor!rn1 ! unequival5c$ to a s\!rn orig91 may or may n be 9 accordance ) hi/orical & geographical fact1 b is prosodically irrelevant4 ,to be cont5t ) discov]+ actual or possible p>ticul> =eign models = ea* metre may n be useless 7some?+ on ! subject w aga9 be f\nd else:]e 9 ?is volume71 b w be inadequate1 & may be mislead+1 if ! g5]al ph5om5a are n exam9$ or if _! lesson is n le>nt4 ,x %\ld n be h>d to le>n = any "o :o w pati5tly consid] ! facts n>rat$ 9 ?is *apt]1 ! dates 7z f> z !y are kn[n or guess$71 & ! scann$ examples giv5 9 ! text1 ! notes1 & ! g5]al survey4 ,x w be /range if he does n p]ceive t !re is "h some?+ mu* m ?an a m]e regul>is+ ( acc5tual v]se ) ! addition ( rhyme1 some?+ mu* m ?an a m]e imitation ( ,fr5* & ,lat9 models1 l ! frequ5t attempts at ,engli% hexamet]s1 or ^? at ,engli% ballades & rondeaux :i* 7 reviv$ "s ?irty ye>s ago2 above all1 some?+ n 9 ! lea/ adequately describ$ by ! phrases adopt+ ! ,fr5* pr9ciples ( prosody1 foll[+ ! rhy?m ( ! =eign]1 & s =?4 ,if1 z he %\ld1#fc he possesses "s k ( ,lat9 v]se1 classical & m$ival1 "s ( ,fr5*1 a little 7! m ! bett]7 ( ,old ,engli%1 & z mu* z possible ( ,mod]n2 if he w all[ ?is k to settle & cl>ify 8 obs]vation ( ?is ,middle ,engli% v]se ( ! late/ twelf? & ! fir/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 )\t all[+ arbitr>y !ories ( any k9d to int]f]e1 x seems almo/ impossible t he c fail to see :at 0 go+ on4 ,! prosody ( ,engli% 0 *ang+ f acc5t & allit]ation to feet & rhyme2 b x 0 n foll[+ ,fr5*1 or ! g5]al run ( m$ival ,lat91 9 adopt+ syllabic uni=mity z a rule2 & x 01 9 a l>ge numb]1 if n ! majority ( in/ances1 all[+ ! sub/itution ( equival5t feet 7especially anap/s = iambs7 exactly z "s1 b n all1 classical metre _h all[$ x4 ,ano!r po9t ) :i* ! /ud5t _c famili>ise himself too e>ly1 & "o :i* he w f9d r>ely or nev] insi/$ on 9 works deal+ ) ,engli% prosody1 is t ?is app>5t irregul>ity ( foot arrangem5t br+s out ! exi/5ce1 ! importance1 &1 s to speak1 ! p]sonality ( ! feet !mselves1 9 a way impossible ( a*ievem5t :5 a uni=m numb] ( syllables is insi/$ on 9 a l9e1 & :5 acc5t1 /ress1 or :atev] ! emphasis+ ag5t be call$ or consid]$1 is re/rict$ :olly or z mu* z possible to exactly correspond+ places 9 t l9e4 ,?is monotony may sometimes seem to soo!1 b 9 reality only dead5s ! susceptibility ( ! e>1 & t e> comes to recognise only1 if n only to dem&1 su* co>s] /imulus z t giv5 by /rong & m or less uni=m c5tre-pause1 z ! %>p snap or clang ( ! conclud+ rhyme1 & z rhetorical1 n /rictly poetical1 emphasis plac$ on special po9ts1 especially by ! aid ( anti!sis4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! slight ef=t necess>y to recognise ! unity ( ! equival5t feet1 "u _! div]sity ( sub/itution1 dem&s & begets an active s5sitiv5ess1 :i* v soon yields positive1 ke51 & v>i$ delight4 ,no mod]n poetry c vie ) ,engli% 9 ! possession & provision ( ?is1 & ^? :o neglect x deprive !mselves ( "o ( ! greate/ privileges ( an ,engli%man4 ,b x is1 ( c\rse1 n cont5d$ t p]fection 9 s difficult & exquisite an accompli%m5t 01 or c\ld h be51 atta9$ at once4 ,! prosody1 l ! language1 _h to make itself1 to gr[1 &1 ev5 m ?an ! language1 x _h n m]ely to gr[ l a vegetable1 b to make itself by animat$1 if (t5 unconsci\s1 ef=ts4 ,_h ?+s be5 o!rwise x w\ld h be5 f> less int]e/+4 ,z x is1 !re is n "o ( ! imp]fect ef=ts :i* h be5 briefly review$ "h t is n a docum5t 9 ! case1 a /ep 9 ! progress1 a fre% attempt ( ! bird to *ip ! %ell & get cle> ( ! fragm5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lat] ?irte5? c5tury & ! f\rte5?4 ,^! docum5ts1 speak+ approximately1 h br\ght u to1 & p]haps a little beyond1 ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,philologi/s & palograph]s d n give u mu* z dat+ f ! latt] "p ( t c5tury1 or at lea/ f ! ?ird qu>t] ( x4 ,b t[>ds ! close1 & onw>ds to ! suppos$ bir? date ( ,*auc] 7#acdj71 we h an ev]-increas+ mass ( int]e/+ mat]ial cont9u+ ! demon/ration j giv54 ,at an unc]ta9 p]iod 7n impossibly close to t bir? itself7 we f9d also a new ph5om5on ( a g5]al k9d & ( fir/-rate importance2 & 9 ! la/ half or1 say1 ! la/ ?ird ( ! c5tury we come1 n only to ,*auc] himself1 b to two o!r poets1 less] ?an himself z ma/]s ( =m1 b by no means small 9 t respect1 & contra/$ ) him 9 x aft] a really m>vell\s fa%ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,we c give less individual att5tion to ! fir/-nam$ gr\p ( docum5ts2 b z a matt] ( fact !y require less1 & sub-gr\p !mselves4 ,at ! close ( ! ?irte5? c5tury we h a body ( v]se1 ! :ole ( x sometimes ascrib$ by guess-"w1 "p ( x ascrib$ ) c]ta9ty1 & yet m n )\t probability1 to ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,?is "w1 consi/+ ( a ,*ronicle & ( _m ,sa9ts' ,lives1 is entirely writt5 9 f\rte5] 7or1 :5 !re is a f9al e1 fifte5]7 c\plets ( ! same g5]al /amp z ^? :i* we h se5 9 ! ,moral ,poem1 b diff]5tiat$ f ^? ( ! ,ormulum by ! admission ( equival5ce4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 mu* m advanc$ ?an ev5 ! late/ v]sion ( ! ,poema ,morale2 & ! writ]1 or writ]s1 c make !m into a capital n>rative vehicle1 di/9ctly indicat+1 if n freely express+1 ! fur!r resolution into ! ballad metre ( eight & six4 ,b ?is crav+ = n>rative 9 v]se did n conf9e itself to a s+le vehicle2 inde$1 9 probably a v great majority ( in/ances1 x pref]r$ ano!r1 or two o!rs1 ) :i* we are also acqua9t$1 & fur!r v>ieties /ill :i* we h n yet se51 b :i* %[1 unmi/akably1 ! advance 9 prosodic aptitude4 ,! great body ( n>rative v]se1 kn[n z ! ,romances1 beg9s to date f ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury--a few1 su* z ,havelok & ,horn1 are c]ta9ly e>li] ?an ! f\rte5?2 by ! end ( ! fir/ ?ird1 if n ( ! fir/ qu>t]1 ( ?is latt]1 a v l>ge numb] 7 z c]ta9ly 9 exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,romances4 ,n[ probably ! :ole ( ^! ,romances 7 m or less directly imitat$ f ,fr5* orig9als1 ne>ly all ( :i* we actually possess2 b x is extremely rem>kable t !y by no means always foll[$ ! metre ( ^? orig9als1 & t :5 !y did !y took consid]able lib]ties ) x4 ,t metre 0 almo/ inv>iably ,alex&r9e or decasyllabic1 9 long bat*es n c\plets1 or octosyllabic 9 c\plet4 ,( ! two probably olde/ ( ours1 ,havelok & ,horn1 ! fir/ does attempt ?is octosyllabic c\plet1 b treats x 9 a v r\gh & indep5d5t fa%ion1 some?+ 9 ! ,g5esis & ,exodus l9e1 :ile ,k+ ,horn seems to fav\r some?+ l :at we obs]ve 9 "p ( ! ,engli% ,be/i>y & ! :ole ( ! ,fr5* "o--a split ,alex&r9e or six-syllabl$ c\plet4 ,v soon ! rime c\e or ,romance-six 7:i* _h n be5 a /aple romance-metre 9 ,fr5*7 appe>s1 & occasionally m elaborate /anzas /ill1 su* z ! complicat$ arrangem5t ( ,sir ,tri/rem4 ,^? writ]s :o pref] c\plet improve ^u ,horn & ,havelok1 b !y foll[ ,g5esis & ,exodus mu* m ?an ,! ,owl & ! ,night+ale4 ,inde$1 "s ( !m develop ?is c\plet 9 a mann] possess+ almo/ inf9ite future4 ,!y n m]ely foll[ ! writ] ( ,g5esis & ,exodus 9 sub/itut+ trisyllabic1 if n also monosyllabic1 feet = dissyllabic to ! numb] ( f\r1 b "s ( !m develop h9ts1 :i* may be f\nd 9 t composition1 by ext5d+ ! actual foot-l5g? ( ! l9e to five1 & sometimes repeat+ ?is 9 an actual h]oic pair4 ,:e!r ?is 0 9 "s1 or ev5 at fir/ 9 all1 cases accid5tal1 does n really matt]4 ,! decasyllable or five-foot l9e 0 already exi/5t 9 great masses ( ,fr5* poetry1 ?\gh n 9 s+le c\plets2 x 0 natural t1 occasionally1 m room %\ld be want$ ?an ! octosyllable provides2 & !re is ! und\bt$ fact t1 9 m ?an "o o!r ,european language1 t51 or accord+ to ! /ructure ( ! p>ticul> tongue1 elev5 syllables 7 sugge/+ !mselves z ! mo/ conv5i5t size4 ,! f\rte5] 0 s long z to invite break+ up q e>ly2 ! ,alex&r9e has nev] naturalis$ itself = cont9u\s use 9 ,engli%2 & ! octosyllable1 ?\gh its e>ly appe>ance1 ! weal? ( models = x1 & its ease1 fo/]$ & su/a9$ x1 _h ! already m5tion$ drawback ( lack ( cont5t4 ,x 0 c]ta9 t1 9 a language :i* 0 %[+ itself s =tunately free f hide-b\nd qualities1 ! decasyllable w\ld e/abli% itself4 ,x has be5 usual to say t1 9 c\plet at any rate1 ,*auc] took x f ! ,fr5*4 ,z a matt] ( actual practice he may h done s2 b 9 ! ord] ( nature & ?\ght x 0 n 9 ! lea/ necess>y = him to d x4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be almo/ lit]ally true#fd to say t ,engli% _h decasyllabic c\plet be=e ,fr5*--t x 0 an ,engli% inv5tion4 ,sid5ote3 ,lyrics4 ,= ! "t1 h[ev]1 ! octosyllable 0 ! /aple = n>rative1 v>i$ to no mean ext5t by ! /anzas already describ$2 :ile ^! /anzas1 (t5 ( ! mo/ elaborate & complicat$ descriptions1 7 adopt$ f ,fr5* 7& p]haps ,prov5al7 or extemporis$ by ! ta/e & fancy ( ! writ]s4 ,"o fam\s collection#fe indicates ! s*ool ( :i* our poets 7 s*ol>s by alt]nat+ ,fr5* poems ) ,engli%4 ,b ?is v collection %[s amply t ^! same writ]s refus$ to und]go ! syllabic con/ra9ts ( ,fr5*1 & held to :at 7 to be always ! real1 if frequ5tly ! unrecognis$ & sometimes ! d5i$1 pr9ciples ( ! ,new ,engli% 9 v]se--t is to say1 ! con/itution ( ! l9e by feet1 n syllables--& ! consequ5t possibility ( obta9+ equival5t l9es by ! sub/itution ( feet1 v>y+ 9 syllabic con/itu5ce1 b int]*angeable 9 metrical value4 ,"s examples ( all ^! ?+s w be f\nd 9 ! ,scann$ ,conspectus2 ! /ud5t %\ld se>* ! books nam$ 9 ! notes = m1 :i* he w f9d 9 ! fulle/ abundance4 ,:at is important is t by ?is /udy he may & %\ld discov] ! real & too commonly misund]/ood relation ( ,*auc] to prec$5t ,engli% v]se4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r fact ( ! f\rte5? c5tury :i* x is n less important = him to recognise1 & :i* also has be5 too (t5 misund]/ood1 or at lea/ n put 9 its prop] place4 ,?is is ! revival ( allit]ative-acc5tual v]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,! allit]ative revival4 ,z !re are few ?+s1 9 treat+ prosody1 ( great] weight ?an to keep c>efully be=e ! /ud5t ! diff]5ce betwe5 controv]sial & uncontrov]sial po9ts1 x %\ld be said at once t revival is n q "o ( ! latt]4 ,!re h be5 "s :o h tak5 x = grant$ t ! allit]ative-acc5tual =m nev] ceas$ out ( ! l&4 ,x may be s2 !re is ev5 a sort ( antec$5t plausibility ab\t ! notion4 ,b ! important hi/orical fact is t no su* v]se app>5tly exi/s ( a probable date betwe5 ab\t #abej 7! lat] =m ( ,layamon itself1 mu* fur!r encroa*$ ^u by metre & rhyme7 & ab\t #acej4 ,some:]e ab\t ?is latt] "t x does reappe>2 & be=e v long has its *ief pure repres5tative 9 ,langl&1 at ! same "t z metre has its *ief pure repres5tative 9 ,*auc]4 ,b ?is reappe>ance is condition$ & qualifi$ by a v rem>kable fact4 ,!re is1 z has j be5 said1 pure allit]ative v]se4 ,x is n1 inde$1 an exact repres5tation ( ! old ,a4,s4 l9e4 ,x is some:at long] ?an ! %ort] =ms ( t l9e1 & v mu* %ort] ?an ! ext5d$ v>iety4 ,9 "s cases1 especially 9 ! lat] examples1 ! allit]ation is ri*]1 ext5d+ to f\r1 five1 or ev5 six syllables4 ,mo/ notewor?y ( all is ! sub/itution1 9 ! g5]al rhy?mical run1 ( anap/ic-iambic = tro*aic basis--a fact ! importance ( :i*1 9 ! g5]al hi/ory ( ! morphology ( ,engli% poetry & ( ! *ange f ,a4,s4 to ,m4,e41 _c be exagg]at$4 ,b x is also wor?y ( ! mo/ c>eful rem>k t1 9 a relatively l>ge numb] ( in/ances1 ! allit]ative-acc5tual sy/em is app>5tly unable to rely ^u itself4 ,x is tempt$ or driv5 to borr[ metre1 or rhyme1 or bo?4 ,( ! two be/ pieces 9 ! allit]ative division1 outside ,pi]s ,pl[man1 ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight comb9es1 ) an unrhym$ body or tirade1 a rhym$ bob & :eel 9 e /anza2 :ile ,! ,pe>l1 ?\gh allit]at$ almo/ to ! highe/ possible /r5g?1 is /rictly metrical & /rictly rhym$ ?r\gh\t4 ,o!rs =m _! /anzas ( l9es r\ghly rhy?m$ b fairly well rhym$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lat] f\rte5? c5tury4 ,by ! la/ qu>t] ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 !re=e1 !re 7 9 ,engl& two contra/$ & 9 a way rival1 b1 z has be5 said1 ov]lapp+1 sy/ems ( v]sification3 "o a sort ( atavi/ic revival1 ! o!r ! result ( a process--two c5turies old to a c]ta9ty1 & probably ne>] f\r--( bl5d+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ,l[ ,lat9 & ,fr5* prosody ) ^? ( ,old ,engli%4 ,9 ! ?ree *ief poets ( ! lat] f\rte5? c5tury 7,*auc]1 ,g[]1 & ,langl&7 we h ?ree object lessons z to ! results ( ?is process1 :i* c\ld n h be5 improv$ if ! c\rse ( ev5ts _h be5 exclusively devot$ to ! task ( mak+ ^! results1 & ! process itself1 cle> to ! /ud5t4 ,!y _h be/ be tak5 9 rev]se ord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,langl&4 ,langl& repres5ts1 9 ! greate/ p]fection t c reasonably be expect$1 ! attempt to pres]ve1 or rev]t to1 v]se arrang$ )\t rhyme1 )\t metre 9 ! /rict s5se1 & dep5d+ = its sep>ation f prose ^u allit]ation1 acc5t1 & /rong middle pause4 ,9 spite ( himself1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! /ate ( ! language1 actually metrical l9es--decasyllables1 ,alex&r9es1 & f\rte5]s--d appe>2 b1 z a rule1 he avoids !m ei!r ) s+ul> skill or ) rem>kable luck1 & on ! :ole a*ieves a consi/5t m$ium1 n s mu* dom9at$ z p]meat$ by a sort ( anap/ic und]hum ( rhy?m1 b o!rwise ma9ta9+ its indep5d5ce4 ,be+ possess$ ( great lit]>y & ev5 di/9ctly poetical g5ius1 he makes x a by no means unsuitable vehicle = 8 tangle ( apocalyptic dreams1 & no ill "o = ! occasional passages ( a m mundane description :i* he int]l>ds4 ,b x is defici5t 9 beauty1 if n 9 vig\r2 x is cle>ly unsuit$ = _m ( ! subjects ( poetry2 & to any "o acqua9t$ ) metre & rhyme x con/antly sugge/s ! "q & compla9t1 ,:y are we to be depriv$ ( ^! already-won beauties & conv5i5ces1 & cut (f ) ?is r\gh make%ift8 ,sid5ote3 ,g[]4 ,z ,langl& repres5ts ! purely acc5tual division or phase ( ,engli% prosody at ?is "t1 s does ,g[] repres5t ! almo/ purely syllabic4 ,he uses1 ) insignificant exceptions1#ff ! old octosyllabic c\plet2 b he comes clos] ?an any o!r ,engli% writ] ( ! ,middle ,engli% p]iod to ! /rict ,fr5* model4 ,he does n1 l 8 =]unn]s1 & l ev5 ,*auc]1 all[ himself ! sev5-syllable l9e z a v>iation2 & ?\gh he does1 by ! admission ( ^? :o are oppos$ to ! sy/em ( ?is book1 occasionally admit an extrametrical syllable1 &1 accord+ to t sy/em1 mu* (t5] a trisyllabic foot1 ?is int]f]es little ) ! g5]al uni=mity ( 8 v]se-run4 ,almo/ ! only v>iations t he relies ^u are frequ5t initial tro*ees an occasional balanc$ arrangem5t ( ! halves ( ! l9e-- ,! clo? 0 laid1 ! bo>d 0 set-- contra/$ ) less /rongly m>k$ pauses1 & especially a device :]eby a full /op comes at ! fir/ l9e ( two c\plets sep>at$ by ano!r1 s t a sort ( ,9 ,memoriam quatra9 effect1 ) fir/ & la/ l9es blank1 is obta9$1 z ?us3 ,hew d[n ?is tree & let x fall1 ,! leavs let def\l 9 ha/e1 ,& d ! fruit de/roy & wa/e1 ,& let (f%r$d5 e bran*4 ,to ?is ! pres5t writ] w\ld add di/9ct trisyllabic feet :]e o!rs see slur1 z 9-- ,! wea?er 0 m]ry & fair en\gh4 ,! result1 especially ) syncopation ( ^! trisyllables1 is :at "s call pre-em95t smoo?ness ( metre1 o!rs dom9ant monotony4 ,! metre _h prov$ itself ( old well suit$ = actual n>rative1 &1 z ,g[] c tell a /ory1 :5 he has a good "o to tell1 ! effect1 z 9 ! passages ab\t ,nebu*adnezz>1 ,m$ea1 ,ceyx & ,alcyone1 ,rosiphel1 ! ,trump ( ,dea?1 & o!r p]sons & ?+s1 is q excell5t4 ,b 9 ! didactic & conv]sational p>ts x is (t5 t]ribly t$i\s & lam5tably limp4 ,sid5ote3 ,*auc]4 ,?us ,langl&1 f yet ano!r po9t ( view1 repres5ts ! rejection ( ! new ,engli% prosody altoge!r or z f> z possible1 & ,g[]1 ! timid imitation ( ,fr5*4 ,*auc]1 on ! o!r h&1 despite 8 und\bt$ att5tion to ,fr5* & ,italian models1 is 9 ! direct l9e :i* we h be5 trac+1 & repres5ts1 if n completely1 yet to a v l>ge ext5t1 at once ! developm5t & ! p]fect+ ( ! processes :i* we h describ$4 ,x has inde$ be5 urg$ by "s t ,*auc] probably knew no?+1 or v little1 ( ,engli% poetry be=e 8 own day4 ,b :ile1 on ! "o h&1 ?is is q unprov51 & n a little improbable1 ^? :o urge x d n seem to see t1 ev5 if x 7 s1 x is comp>atively irrelevant4 ,x is n 9 ! lea/ necess>y to suppose t ,*auc] mu/ h borr[$ ! ,v]non ,,ms4 or ano!r l x1 c>ri$ x home to ! rooms above ,aldgate1 /irr$ ! fire & tak5 a dr9k z ,h5ryson did lat] ) 8 own ,troilus1 & !n1 aft] discuss+ to himself pr9ciples ( v]sification1 h decid$ t ?is 0 to be foll[$1 t to be avoid$1 t aga9 to be p]fect$ & c>ri$ fur!r4 ,! ma9 & und\bt$ facts rema9 t ,*auc] 0 an ,engli%man ( #acdj787-adjj2 t he 0 ! greate/ ,engli%man ( lett]s ( 8 "t2 t he spoke & wrote ! ,engli% language1 & t ?us1 by :at he w\ld himself h call$ ! law ( k9d1 he ent]$ into ! inh]itance ( all t _h be5 done 9 ?is ,engli% matt] by ,engli%m5 = g5]ations be=eh&4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re is pl5ty ( evid5ce de/ructive ( ! cont5tion ref]r$ to4 ,he _h read ! ,romances1 or he c\ld n h writt5 ,sir ,?opas2 he knew ! allit]ative poems1 or he c\ld n h made ! fam\s ref]5ce to rum ram ruf 9 ! ,prologue to ! ,p>son's ,tale1 :i* ,gascoigne caught up4 ,x is odd if he _h n he>d 7ev5 if he _h n read7 ! plays t folk l 8 own ,absolon play$ ^u a scaffold high4 ,b1 z has be5 said1 x does n matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 p]fect+ ( ,m4,e4 v]se4 ,= 8 "w is !re1 & x is inconte/ably--:atev] its au?or _h read or n read--! logical & biological cont9uation & p]fect+ ( all t _h gone be=e f ,godric & ! ,pat]no/]4 ,he beg9s ) ! flu5t octosyllable & ! melodi\s & usefully /r+5t rhyme-royal1 z well z o!r m or less elaborate /anzas4 ,he communicates to ! c\plet#fg a great] comb9ation ( ord] & v>iety ?an x _h ev] kn[n 9 ,engli%2 he makes ( ! /anza1#fh 9 ! case ( rhyme-royal1 ! mo/ p]fect =mal arrangem5t ( v]se t ,engli% _h yet se54 ,lat] he takes up1#fi v probably because he _h writt5 s _m sep>ate examples ( x 9 rhyme-royal itself at ! close ( ea* /anza1 ! decasyllabic c\plet1 & makes ( t some?+ great] /ill--a metrical in/rum5t or vehicle escap+ at once ! scanty cont5t & slightly insignificant be>+ ( ! octosyllable1 ! elaborat5ess & r melan*oly quality ( rhyme-royal4 ,9 do+ ?is x is inevitable t1 z ,sp5s] did 9 p>allel case aft]w>ds1 he %\ld lean r t[>ds precision ?an t[>ds great laxity & luxuriance ( =m2 = ?+s ne$$ ord]4 ,b he sets ! example ( t v>iation ( pause 9 rhyme-royal :i* 0 =tunately tak5 z a rule1 & :i* pres]v$ = ,engli% "o ( ! v greate/ means ( metrical a*ievem5t4 ,9 ! octosyllable he reproduc$ kn[+ly1 & ) def9ite apology1 t fail+ ( a syllable :i* gives acephal\s or tro*aic alt]nation1 & :i* all ! greate/ ma/]s ( ! metre1 except 7foll[+ ,g[]7 ,william ,morris1 h imitat$4 ,& he broke up ! l9es v l>gely by conv]sation-fragm5ts1 by putt+ full /ops at ! end ( ! fir/ l9e ( a c\plet1 & by mak+ a :ole p>agraph end at ! same place4 ,sid5ote3 ,details ( 8 prosody4 ,b next to 8 provision ( a p]fectly f9i%$ /anza--9 o!r words1 ( a complete1 & pro tanto f9al1 prosodic result--9 rhyme-royal1 ! mo/ important ?+ done by ,*auc] 9 ?is dep>tm5t 0 ! arrang+ & sett+ on foot ( ! decasyllabic c\plet1 :i* he began well 9 ! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 b c>ri$ on mu* bett] 9 ! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,n half ( 8 actual a*ievem5t "h1 & a v mu* small] "p ( 8 promise & /imulus = ! future1 c be p]ceiv$ by ^? :o limit him to ! decasyllable z su* by devices ( elision & syncope2 /ill less by ^? :o w\ld h 8 v>ieties ( l9e exactly to repres5t v>iations ( ! ,fr5* decasyllable4 ,! =m] proce$+ is inadequate & defac+2 ! latt] practically impossible1 except z a b>e & b>r5 matt] ( ari?metic4 ,y _c imitate ! prosodic effect ( "o language 9 ano!r1 ev5 ?\gh y take ! exact numb] ( syllables & 7z f> z y c7 divide ! words1 arrange ! acc5ts1 etc41 ) ! mo/ slavi% copy+4 ,! result w laugh at y prosodically2 & :ile x is v unlikely to give y any?+ simil>1 x is ne>ly c]ta9 to give y some?+ q diff]5t4#gj ,:5 ,*auc]'s v]se 9 h]oic or rid+ rhyme is exam9$1 simply on its own m]its & )\t reg>d to arbitr>y !ories ( pronunciation1 b ) all necess>y remembrance ( ! value ( ! f9al e1 etc41 x is se5 to foll[1 9 e respect1 ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* we h se5 evolv+ !mselves 9 all ,engli% poetry hi!rto1 subject only to ! g5]al re=m+ or regim5t+ t5d5cy :i* has be5 notic$4 ,! normal l9e is beyond all "q five-foot iambic1 or decasyllabic ) %ort & long syllable alt]nately4 ,b !re are a few in/ances#ga ( s-call$ acephal\s l9es :]e ! fir/ syllable seems to h be5 miss$--:]e1 at any rate1 !re are only n9e to acc\nt =1 & :]e y consequ5tly h to *oose betwe5 a monosyllabic foot 9 ! fir/ place or tro*aic cad5ce ?r\gh\t4 ,!re is little d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! pres5t writ] t if ^! l9es 7:i*1 aft] all1 are v few7 7 delib]ately writt5 & meant to be kept1 ! reason ( _! exi/5ce 0 a false analogy ) ! octosyllable1 :]e1 z we h said1 su* acephal\s l9es1 tro*aic & heptasyllabic1 d occur1 & :]e !y produce n only no ill1 b a positively good effect4 ,unluckily ! cutt+ d[n does n produce a good effect 9 ! l>g] c\plet2 & if tro*aic rhy?m is p]mitt$--9 o!r words1 if ! miss+ syllable is %ift$ f ! beg9n+ to ! end--x produces a v bad "o4 ,b !y are1 z has be5 said1 9 v small proportion1 ?\gh !re are too _m ( !m to be simply m5d$ out ( exi/5ce4 ,proce$+1 we f9d1 9 a f> l>g] numb] ( in/ances1 n a defect b an excess ( syllables4 ,z f> z ^! syllables are f\nd at ! end ( ! l9e 79 great measure caus$ by ! f9al e7 !re is no difficulty & no dispute ab\t !m4 ,!y are all[$ by ev]ybody2 & !y come "u t g5]al law ( almo/ 7n q7 all prosodies :i* makes ! f9al place ( a l9e "o ( lib]ty4 ,b x is diff]5t ) ^? :i* come )9 ! l9e1 & ) app>5t ext5sions beyond ! elev5? syllable4 ,_m1 p]haps mo/1 prosodi/s w\ld %ut _! eyes to ! latt]1 reg>d+ !m z m]e extra-r$undances1 & expla9 away ^? :i* occur )9 ! l9e by elision be=e a v[el1 by syncope or crasis or ! l 7see ,gloss>y7 :5 !y come be=e a consonant4 ,to ! pres5t writ] ^! devices & %ifts appe> unnecess>y1 discordant1 ! rev]se ( natural1 & alike ! consequ5ce & ! cause ( prosodic error4 ,) reg>d to hiatus 7i4e4 ! actual contact ( v[els7 x has to be fully admitt$ t !re is a /rong t5d5cy 9 ,,mss4 to s9k "o ( !m & to write n m]ely ?>ray = ! array1 b ev5 9 ?alyghte = 9 !e alyghte4 ,! habit cont9u$ = a long "t1 & we f9d ev5 9 ,wyatt & ,surrey tembrace = to embrace & s =?4 ,b x is important to obs]ve fir/ t ?is habit is n con/ant1 z we %\ld expect x to be if x repres5t$ a def9ite & reason$ wi% always to r$uce two su* syllables to "o2 & fur!r1 t x w n affect ! o!r cases ( syllables1 su* z ! la/ ( ,heaven 7:i*1 h[ev]1 pretty c]ta9ly 0 monosyllabic at ?is "t & lat]71 ever ! -e? ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> & plural1 y 9 _m a1 i- 9 scores ( words1 & ! l4 ,to ! pres5t writ]1 once m1 x is c]ta91 & ev5 indisputable1 t :e!r ,*auc] delib]ately us$ trisyllabic feet or n1 !re are trisyllabic feet by nature & poetic "r 9 ,*auc]1 = any "o :o *ooses !m4 ,& he is ( op9ion1 ?\gh n s /rongly1 t ,*auc] all[$ himself an occasional ,alex&r9e or twelve-syllabl$ l9e1#gb j z prec$+ writ]s _h all[$ !mselves occasional t5-syllabl$ l9es 9 octosyllabics4 ,:at is once m c]ta91 & almo/ indisputable1 is t 8 l9es c be s scann$ ) euphoni\s effect1 & t simil> ph5om5a manife/ !mselves all ! way up to 8 "t4 ,( 8 rhymes no?+ necess>ily ne$ be said "h4 ,he (t5 avails himself = rhyme1 z well z = rhy?m1 ( ! *oice betwe5 ,teutonic & ,romance acc5t--! =m] always seek+ ! beg9n+ ( ! ^w1 ! latt] g5]ally ! end4 ,?is 0 h>dly ev5 a lic5ce at 8 p]iod4 ,"o mu*-vex$ po9t x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to omit1 ?\gh f> m1 9 e s5se1 has be5 made ( x ?an x is wor?4 ,x occurr$ _m ye>s ago to a di/+ui%$ s*ol>1 ! late ,mr4 ,brad%aw ( ,cambridge1 to make a te/ out ( ! rhyme ( y & ye1 :i*1 he ?\ght 7despite a fam\s example 9 ,sir ,?opas#gc71 nev] occurs 9 ! "w unque/ionably ,*auc]'s4 ,to ! pres5t writ] ! occurr5ce ( ! rhyme 9 ,sir ,?opas closes ! "q1 & he w\ld h mu* to say aga9/ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! te/1 ev5 if ,sir ,?opas 7 ackn[l$g$ z n ,*auc]ian4 ,b f ! /rict po9t ( view ( ?is book ! :ole ?+ is really irrelevant4 ,x does n matt] to u :o wrote c]ta9 pieces ( ,engli% poetry1 b :at ! *>act]i/ics ( ^? & o!r pieces ( ,engli% poetry are4 ,! /ud5t ( prosody may & %\ld note t 9 "s pieces ( ?is p]iod ! rhyme ( y & ye c]ta9ly does occur1 t 9 o!rs x app>5tly does n2 b beyond ?is he ne$ n1 &1 z a /ud5t ( prosody1 %\ld n1 g4 ,,footnotes3 #di ,runn+ illu/rations ( ! foll[+ *apt]s w be f\nd 9 ! prec$+ ,scann$ ,conspectus1 b additional ones w be suppli$ 9 notes :5 necess>y4 ,x may n be sup]flu\s to call ! /ud5t's special att5tion to ?is *apt]4 ,all correct appreciation ( ,engli% prosody dep5ds ^u ! facts conta9$ 9 x2 & :ile ! ignor+ or mi/ak+ ( ^! facts is fatal1 x has un=tunately be5 too common4 #ej ,w]ig w9ne?3 widsi? ong9ne? ,s> ne s9ne?3 sorgum c9ni? ,bld 8 blumi?3 blisse l9na? ,li/um l9ne?3 la/um ne l9ne?4 #ea ,v4 sup4 ,scann$ ,survey ,,ii4 #eb ,v4 sup4 ,scann$ ,survey ,,iii4 #ec ,m]ie sung5 ! mune*es b9n5 ,ely ,?a ,cnut *+ rew !rby4 ,r[e? cnihtes ne] ! l& ,& "h we !s mune*es sang4 #ed ,vre f$] !t 9 he\5e is1 ,t is al soo?ful iwis4 ,wee mot5 to !os weordes iseon ,!t to liue & to saule gode beon4 ,!t weo beon swa 8 sunes ibor5e ,!t he beo f$] & we him icor5e ,!t we don alle 8 ib$5 ,& 8 wille = to r$54 #ee ,9 d\bl+ ! consonant aft] a %ort v[el-s\nd4 #ef ,examples ( all ?is w be f\nd 9 ! ,scann$ ,survey & 9 ! ,gloss>ies & ,=m-li/s ( ,book ,,iv4 #eg ,= m on all ?is see ,scann$ ,conspectus & next ,book4 #eh ,?us que? ,alur$4 ,wis *ilde is fad] blisse4 ,if hit s bi-tide? t ?u b]n ibide/1 ! hwile hit is lutel l] him mon-!wes ?an hit is wexynde2 hit s*al w5de ?> to4 ! bet]e hit s*al iwur! eu] buu5 eor!1 ac if ?u him le/ welde w]5de on worlde lude & /ille 8 ow5e wille4 ,mon t wol ( wysdam h]51 ,at wyse ,h5dyng he may l]n51 ,t wes ,m>colues sone2 ,gode ?onkes & monie !wes ,=te te*e fele %rewes2 ,= t wes ev] is wone4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,wis mon halt is wordes ynne1 ,= he nul no gle begynne ,er he h tempt$ is pype4 ,sot is sot1 & t is s5e1 ,= he wol speke wordes gr5e ,er !n hue bu5 rype1 ,sottes bolt is sone %ote1 ,quo? ,h5dyng4 #ei ,lat94 ,nam leo /ans =tis sup] alta cacum9a montis1 ,qualicunque via vallis desc5dit ad ima1 ,si v5atorem p] notum s5tit odorem1 ,cauda cuncta l9it quae pes ve/igia figit4 ,fr5*4 ,uncore dit ,escripture ,leuns ad tele nature1 ,quant l'om le vait *azant1 ,de sa cue en fuiant ,desfait sa trace en t]re1 ,que hom ne l' sace qu]re2 ,ceo e/ grant signefiance1 ,aiez en remembrance4 ,engli%4 ,! leun /ant on hille1 ,& he man hunt5 "h1 ,o!r ?urg 8 nese smel ,smake t he negge1 ,bi wile weie s he wile ,to dele ni!r w5d51 ,alle hise fet-/eppes ,aft] him he fille?1 ,drage? du/ ) 8 /]t ,!r he dun /eppe?1 ,o!r du/ o!r deu1 ,t he ne cunne is f9d51 ,driue? dun to 8 d5 ,?> he him b]g5 wille4 #fj ,all is man s is ?is erne eagle1 ,w\ld ye n[ li/51 ,old 9 8 s9nes d]ne d>k1 ,or he become? ,*ri/54 ,! spell+ is design$ly mod]nis$1 b v slightly4 #fa ,maid "h ?\ might/ behold ,?is _ws love is b o res a race1 ,& is beset s fele-vold manifoldly1 ,fickle & frackle frail & wok & les weak & false4 #fb ,under m\ld !y lie? plural cold ,& fall[e? gr[e? yell[ z do? meadow grass4 #fc ,x is sometimes ask$ by p]sons :o %\ld "k bett]1 ,:at has ,engli% prosody to d ) ^! mo/ly un-,engli% ?+s8 ,! answ] is simple--t ^! un-,engli% ?+s w5t l>gely1 & ess5tially1 to ! mak+ ( ,engli% prosody4 #fd ,! poem commonly reput$ z ! olde/ 9 ,fr5*1 ,/4 ,eulalia1 is 9 some?+ v l x1 b 0 n foll[$ up4 #fe ,,ms4 ,h>l4 #bbec4 ,publi%$ by ,?omas ,wright = ! ,p]cy ,society 7,london1 #ahdg7 z ,specim5s ( ,lyric ,poetry4 #ff ,! rhyme-royal decasyllables ( ! ,supplication1 or ,lett] to ,v5us & ,cupid1 at ! close ( ! ,confessio1 & ( ! poem ,9 ,praise ( ,peace4 #fg ,9 ! disput$ ,romance ( ! ,rose1 & ! undisput$ ,dea? ( ,blan*e1 & ! some:at lat] ,h\se ( ,fame4 #fh ,! ,p>liam5t ( ,f[ls1 ,troilus & ,criseyde1 etc4 #fi ,fir/ 9 ! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom5 & !n 9 ! ,cant]bury ,tales4 #gj ,^! words are writt51 n m]ely on g5]al pr9ciples1 b f long & ext5sive k ( ,fr5* f\rte5?-c5tury poetry4 #ga ,su* z ! well-kn[n ,tw5ty boks clad 9 black or r$ ( ! ,ox=d cl]k4 #gb ,we/w>d "r swi*1 ano!r 9 ! opposite4 7,knight's ,tale1 #ajcf47 ,& said1 ,o de]e h\sbonde1 ben$icitee6 7,wife ( ,ba?'s ,tale1 #bca47 ,do? s 8 cerimonies & obeisaunces1 ,& kepe? 9 semblant all 8 obs]vaunces4 7,squire's ,tale1 #eae1 #eaf47 #gc ,sir ,guy1 :i* _c h an e1 & *ivalrye1 :i* mu/ h "o4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,f ,,*auc] ,,to ,,sp5s]--,,disorganisation ,,& ,,recon/ruction ,sid5ote3 ,causes ( decay 9 ,s\!rn ,engli% prosody4 ,x might be suppos$1 especially 9 face ( ! unque/ionable reputation :i* ,*auc] _h atta9$ be=e 8 dea?--& :i* he ma9ta9$ undi/urb$1 & h>dly approa*$1 = ! entire p]iod until ,sp5s]'s bir?1--t 8 prosodic "w1 once done1 w\ld h be5 done once = all2 t 9 po9ts ( =m1 ?\gh individual inf]iority ( poetic gift might %[ itself1 !re c\ld be no great te*nical fall+ (f4 ,to ?9k ?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld be to ignore--z1 9 fact1 m5 too usually d ignore1 & h ignor$--! necess>y & intricate connection betwe5 language & prosody4 ,*auc] _h rais$ ! /ate ( ,engli% v]sification to ! highe/ po9t possible 9 8 "t2 9 fact1 !re are reasons = say+ t he _h screw$ x up beyond ! level possible to ord9>y m54 ,to m5tion no?+ else1 ! exactness1 & at ! same "t ! rhy?mical v>iety ( 8 v]se1 dep5d on two special po9ts--! valu+ ( ! f9al e & ! optional b c>efully select$ %ift f ,fr5* to ,engli% acc5tuation4#gd ,we "k t1 ev5 9 ! m\?s & on ! p5s ( 8 own contempor>ies1 ! e 0 break+ d[n1 & t x w5t m & m dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury2 & we "k likewise1 ?\gh less c]ta9ly1 t ?\gh1 ev5 at ! close ( ! p]iod ) :i* we are deal+1 ,fr5* acc5tuation 0 /ill p]missible to poets1 an ,engli% /&>d 0 gradually e/abli%+ itself1 violation ( :i* 0 disapprov$4#ge ,moreov]1 ! fact rema9s und5iable t ! poetic quality ( ! foll[]s ( ,*auc]1 9 ,s\!rn ,engli% ( ! lit]>y k9d1 0 l[ to a po9t unprec$5t$1 & nev] yet aga9 rea*$ s9ce4 ,! progress ( prosody betwe5 ,*auc] & ,sp5s] divides itself1 %>ply b unequally 9 po9t ( "t1 betwe5 a long] space 7ab\t a c5tury & a qu>t]7 f ,*auc] to poets l ,hawes1 ,skelton1 & ,b>clay2 a %ort] 7( ab\t half a c5tury or less7 f ,wyatt to ,sp5s]4 ,9 ! fir/ division a subdivision--( matt]1 n "t--has to be made betwe5 ! lit]>y poets 9 ,s\!rn ,engli%1 ! ,scotti% ,*auc]ians f ,james ! ,fir/ to ,d\glas or ,lyndsay 7if n ev5 to ,montgom]ie1 :o di$ lat] ?an ,sp5s] himself71 & ! ballad1 c>ol1 & o!r folk-song writ]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,lydgate1 ,occleve1 etc4 ,! hi/ory ( ! fir/ division is ! hi/ory ( ! breakd[n j ref]r$ to4 ,except 9 ! s-call$ ,*auc]iana--pieces su* z ,! ,cuckoo & ! ,night+ale1 ,! ,fl[] & ! ,leaf1 ,! ,c\rt ( ,love1 etc41 once attribut$ to ,*auc] himself1 b ca/ out on v>i\s k9ds ( evid5ce rang+ f practically conclusive to v d\btful--& sometimes ev5 9 su* poets z ,lydgate & ,occleve1 :o = no v small portion ( _! lives 7 ,*auc]'s own contempor>ies1 d[nw>ds1 seem to be /ruck ) metrical palsy or metrical bl9dness4 ,examples1 giv5 9 ! ,scann$ ,conspectus above1 w %[ ! way 9 :i* !y confuse diff]5t metres1 v>y ! l5g?s ( _! l9es n by int5tional sub/itution b by %e] muddlem5t1 violate rhy?m & cad5ce--turn1 9 fact1 ! p]fect h>mony ( _! ma/] into a cacophony :i* is n ev5 prosaic4 ,sometimes1 especially 9 ,occleve1 by rigid c\nt+ ( syllables1 !y escape worse blund]s1 ?\gh !y seldom make real music4 ,g5]ally1 ev5 ?is res\rce fails !m1 & !re is no worse *aos ?an 9 ,hawes1 "o ( ! late/ & n "o ( ! lea/ ( !m2 :ile ,skelton1 p]haps ! acute/ intellig5ce ( all1 takes refuge 9 frank1 n clumsy1 & int5tional dogg]el4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,scotti% poets4 ,to ?is spectacle ( disorganisation & decay ! ,scotti% foll[]s ( ,*auc] 7:o1 g5]ally ) ackn[l$gm5t z eag] & he>ty z t ( _! ,engli% comrades1 take him = _! ma/]7 pres5t :at may at fir/ sight seem an a/oni%+ & almo/ un9telligible contra/4 ,) f9al e's all[$ = 7or 9 case ( necessity t\*$ 971 ! ,k+is ,quair1 traditionally ascrib$1 & nev] ) solid reason d5i$1 to ,james ! ,fir/1 is a piece ( rhyme-royal z s\ndly con/ruct$1 & z well fitt$ & poli%$1 z if x 7 ,*auc]'s own4 ,h5ryson1 9 8 foll[+ ( ,*auc]'s ,troilus1 & 9 8 o!r poems1 nev] breaks d[n 9 metre1 b h&les e =m t he t\*es ) equal precision & *>m4 ,ev5 m may be said ( ,dunb>1 ^: lyrics possess ! peculi> grace only giv5 by metrical accompli%m5t1 :o c manage allit]ative metre m smoo?ly ?an ,langl& & ) n less vig\r1 & :o1 if he wrote ! ,fri>s ( ,b]wick1 is1 next to ,*auc] himself1 ! greate/ ma/] ( ! e>ly 7,middle ,engli%7 h]oic c\plet4 ,( ! v]se-*ronicl]s1 ,wynt\n1 ?\gh n v poetical1 uses octosyllabic c\plet1 ) n infrequ5t equival5ce1 effectively en\gh1 & ,bl9d ,h>ry writes v /rict decasyllabic c\plet ) csura at ! f\r? syllable1 aft] ! ,fr5* model4 ,! e>li] sixte5?-c5tury writ]s1 ,d\glas & ,lyndsay1 if n p]haps q impeccable1 appe> s beside ,hawes & 8 fell[s2 :ile ! two late/ /rictly ,scots poets1 ,scott & ,montgom]ie1 manage mo/ complicat$ measures--rem9d+ u ( e>ly ,fr5* & ,prov5al1 or ( ^? ( ! ,engli% f\rte5? c5tury 9 lyric & drama--) un]r+ accuracy & f9i%$ grace4 ,( ?is /range contra/ ! simple fact ( writ+ 9 a diff]5t dialect1 requir+ m c>e 9 imitation1 may supply "s explanation2 ! o!r fact1 t ?is dialect 0 r a lit]>y conv5tion ?an a v]nacul> spee*1 "s m2 & ! high] quality ( individual g5ius1 m /ill2 b a m>g9 ( surprise rema9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,ballad1 etc4 ,x is difficult to say :e!r t m>g9 is r$uc$ or wid5$ by ! fact t a contra/1 almo/ z /rik+1 is f\nd betwe5 ! ,engli% lit]>y poetry ( ! p]iod & ! folk-song1 sacr$ & pr(ane4 ,x is probable t ! bulk ( our old] ballads date f ! e>lie/ fifte5? c5tury or ! v close ( ! f\rte5?4 ,! latt] w\ld seem to be true ( ! ,rob9 ,hood ballads2 ! =m] is pretty c]ta9ly true ( ,*evy ,*ase4 ,we h also f ! fifte5? c5tury a l>ge body ( c>ols1 or sacr$ poems = s++4 ,n[ 9 ^!1 ?\gh !y naturally v>y mu* 9 poetic m]it & 9 prosodic accompli%m5t1 x is rem>kable t ?is latt] sc>cely ev] falls to ! level ( ! wor/ lit]>y poetry1 & nev] falls 9 exactly ! same way4 ,! ballad-writ]s inv>iably1 & ! c>ol- & hymn-writ]s v commonly1 pres]ve ! ,engli% lic5ce ( equival5ce 9 ! fulle/ fa%ion2 & ?is seems to relieve _! motion ( ! /agg]+ & fatal cramp :i* re/s on _! sup]iors 9 =mal lit]>y rank4 ,!y s+ naturally3 !y d n aim at1 & break d[n 91 a falsetto4 ,al?\gh x w\ld be impossible to h any?+ 9 a worse condition1 z f> z copy+ goes1 ?an our olde/ v]sion ( ,*evy ,*ase1 its natural ballad motion c>ries x safe ?r\gh all ! corruptions & defacem5ts2 ! sacr$ song ( ,e4,i4,o4 is admirable metre2 ! ,c>ol ( ! ,virg91 ,i s+ ( a maid51 is mat*less 9 quiet metrical movem5t2 & ! fam\s ,nut-br[n ,maid1 :i* is c]ta9ly n lat] ?an ?is c5tury1 des]ves ! same praise 9 m rapid melody4 ,^! compositions1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y did a preci\s (fice 9 pres]v+ ! true pr9ciples ( ,engli% prosody1 c\ld n ex]cise imm$iate influ5ce2 & ! disorganis+ ( lit]>y v]sification 0 no d\bt p>tly cause & p>tly consequ5ce ( ! cont9uance ( ! allit]ative revolt :i* did n die till aft] ,flodd5--inde$1 n till aft] ,musselburgh 7,p9kie74 ,b1 indirectly1 ?is revolt enc\rag$ fre% developm5ts ( ,engli% metre itself4 ,! old f\rte5] _h tak5 new & lively =m 9 su* pieces z ,gamelyn#gf 7late f\rte5? c5tury7 & ,b]yn 7middle fifte5?71 & ?r\gh x & o!r ?+s--! musical adaptations ( songs & hymns & ! l--!re 0 aris+1 9 dramatic lit]ature especially1 a disord]ly1 imp]fect1 b v important notion ( :olly triple-tim$ or anap/ic metre4 ,9 fact1 x is n excessive to reg>d ! ,engli% fifte5? c5tury z a p]iod :5 all elem5ts ( prosody 7 ?r[n into a sort ( cauldron1 sack1 sieve1 or lucky-bag1 9 :i*1 z accord+ to ! diff]5t metaphors suit+ ^! objects1 !y 7 to be boil$ d[n1 %ak5 toge!r1 sift$ out1 & tak5 z =tune w\ld h x1 to supply ! /ock ( a new v5ture 9 m ord]ly & poli%$ v]se-manufacture :5 actual spee* _h settl$ itself once m4 ,sid5ote3 ,dissatisfaction & re=m4 ,at :at p]iod1 9 :at mann]1 & by :at p]sons exactly1 consci\s discont5t ) ?is confusion & dilapidation 0 made manife/1 is n kn[n4 ,t x 0 felt consci\sly ab\t ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury we d "k positively f a passage 9 ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates2 & lat] /ill we f9d ! precepts ( ,gascoigne virtually1 if n always expressly1 direct$ aga9/ x4 ,b1 z has be5 h9t$1 ev5 ,skeltonic ev9ces an e>li] attempt to escape f x 9 practice z f> back z ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury2 :ile1 at an unc]ta9 "t = fir/ ef=ts1 dur+ ! second1 & !n ev] increas+ly dur+ ! ?ird1 till ! dea? ( ,gascoigne himself1 poetical practice proclaims ! fact1 ev5 m emphatically ?an any precepti/ rules ( criticism c\ld d4 ,inde$1 !re has h>dly ev] be5 any mi/ake1 & x is difficult to ?9k t by p]sons possess$ ( e>s & eyes any c\ld be made1 ab\t ! surpris+ revolution manife/ 9 ! v]se ( ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt1 & ( 8 y\ng] disciple1 ,h5ry ,h[>d1 kn[n by 8 c\rtesy title z ! ,e>l ( ,surrey4 ,in/ead ( ! welt]+ & /agg]+ discords ( ! poets f ,lydgate onw>d1 we come back to v]se almo/ z cle>1 regul>1 & h>moni\s z ,*auc]'s1 ?\gh ) a mu* m mod]n pronunciation & acc5t1 to :i* x occasionally seems to h "s difficulty 9 reconcil+ itself4 ,! f9al e has 9 mo/ cases disappe>$1 ?\gh x is probably !re 9 a few cases1 & 9 a few o!rs has settl$ itself into y4#gg ,! inord9ate v>iety ( syllables 9 ! l9e1 n explicable by any trisyllabic foot1 is re=m$4 ,inde$1 ! ne$ ( ! re=m is s /rongly felt t ! poets run into ! opposite error--salut>y = ! "t--( excessive syllabic uni=mity4 ,sid5ote3 ,wyatt & ,surrey4 ,!re c be no "q t ,wyatt1 &1 ?r\gh or aft] him1 ,surrey1 7 enorm\sly help$1 if n orig9ally /imulat$ to re=m1 by ! exi/5ce ( new1 exact1 & attractive =eign models d]iv$1 at any rate orig9ally1 f a new language4 ,fr5* _h hi!rto be5 almo/ ! only s\rce ( su* models1 & x _h lo/ its virtue--n lea/ p]haps because ballades & o!r =mal devices1 ?\gh excell5t 9 !mselves1 _h be5 practis$ all ?r\gh ! p]iod ( disorganisation4 ,italian suppli$1 9 ! sonnet1 t]za rima1 & blank v]se1 fre% models1 9 ! attempt to imitate :i* precision ( syllabic & rhy?mical arrangem5t almo/ inevitably enjo9$ itself4 ,to write ei!r sonnet or t]za 9 %uffl+ dogg]el w\ld de/roy ! p>ticul> =m2 to write blank v]se 9 su* a way 7z 0 actually %[n a hundr$ ye>s aft]w>d by ! lat] ,elizabe?an dramati/s7 is to lose all =m2 s t ! in/9ct ( pres]vation kept ! new exp]im5t]s "r4 ,precisely :y !y adopt$ ano!r =m :i* is n ,italian at all--! p\lt]'s measure ( alt]nate ,alex&r9e & f\rte5]--is n s easy to decide2 b x may v reasonably be tak5 to be an attempt to regul>ise two ( ! %apes to :i* ! dogg]el ( ! "t & its pr$ecessor mo/ ne>ly approximat$4 ,x is n a v good =m 7?\gh :5 x splits up into %ort measure x has "s m]its71 & ev5 9 ! h&s ( two su* poets z ,wyatt & ,surrey x is t]ribly s+-song4 ,b ?is v s+-song c>ri$ regul>ity ) x4 ,( ! import$ measures t]za has nev] suit$ ,engli% v well1 ?\gh num]\s attempts h be5 made at x by poets sometimes ( supreme quality4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sonnet--n ! commone/ ,italian =m at fir/1 b t also lat]--has made itself ?or\ghly at home2 & blank v]se--n mu* m ( a success 9 ,italian itself ?an t]za 9 ,engli%--has1 9 ,engli%1 gr[n to be "o ( ! greate/ metres 9 ! _w's prosodic hi/ory4 ,x %\ld be at once se5 t ^! processes ( re=m involv$ an almo/ inevitable--a c]ta9ly v natural--draw+-9 ( ! horns ( v]se1 :i* 0 positively b5eficial 9 practice1 b :i* l$ to r disa/r\s mi/akes 9 !ory4 ,on ! "o h&1 s f> z ,italian admits ( foot-di/ribution1 x is di/ributable only into dissyllabic feet 9 ! metres affect$4#gh ,on ! o!r1 ! utt] disorganisation ( ,engli% v]se :i* _h prevail$ might well seem to h be5 caus$ by ! neglect to obs]ve accurate division into su* feet--a division :i*1 9 our language1 w always *iefly fav\r ! iamb1 or foot ) ! fir/ syllable %ort & ! second long4 ,accord+ly we f9d t 9 ,wyatt & ,surrey !mselves2 9 _! companions :5 7long aft] ! dea? ( ! fir/1 & ne>ly a decade aft] t ( ! second7 _! "w came to be publi%$ 9 ,tottel's ,miscellany2 9 ! huge rubbi%-heap ( ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates ) its "o pe>l ( price 9 ,sackville's contributions2 & 9 ! poets ( ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury--,george ,turb]ville & ,gascoigne himself--?is iambic rhy?m is omnipres5t1 ?\gh ! l9e-l5g? & o!r comb9ations may be l>gely v>iable4 ,!re is1 x is true1 "o rem>kable exception 9 ! ,georgic poet ,tuss]1 :o uses frequ5t & accurate anap/2 b ! nature ( 8 subject1 ! homel9ess ( 8 diction1 & ! "* ( 8 int5d$ read]s1 may h be5 ?\ght to put him out ( /rictly poetical consid]ation4 ,:5 ,gascoigne--m]ely z n>rat+ & regrett+ a fact1 n ann\nc+1 z "s h errone\sly ?\ght1 a pr9ciple--/at$ ! limitation1 8 fact 0 = ! mo/ "p a fact1 & _h be5 s = m ?an a g5]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! foll[]s4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be a gross mi/ake 9 criticism1 z well z a piece ( unp>donable +ratitude1 to f9d fault ) ^! poets = _! prosodic limitation4 ,x 0 _! bus9ess to limit & be limit$--to sub/itute1 at :atev] co/ ( tempor>y re/riction ( fre$om1 ord] = ! abom9able disord] ( ! prec$+ c5tury1 rhy?m = its limp+ or /agg]+ movem5t1 h>moni\s & well-conc]t$ metrical arrangem5t = its hubbub ( halt+ v]se or sc>cely m ?an ev5 half-dogg]elis$ prose4 ,& !y did ?is4 ,:51 z 9 ! cases ( ,wyatt1 ,surrey1 & ,sackville1 !y 7 m5 ( real & g5u9e poetic gift !y did mu* m2 ?\gh ! two fir/ 7 /ill hamp]$ by ! unc]ta9ty ( pronunciation4 ,f ?is ,sackville is comp>atively free2 ?\gh ! delib]ate ar*aism 9 him no d\bt assi/s ?is fre$om1 & may h sugge/$ some?+ simil> to ,sp5s]4 ,ev5 ,turb]ville & ,gascoigne1 ?\gh _! /rictly poetic p[]s are less1 manage to produce1 by no means seldom1 sweet & h>moni\s measures4 ,& all d ! ine/imable "w ( drill+1 regim5t+1 & prep>+ ! raw & demoralis$ /ate ( ,engli% prosody s t x may be ready to ! h&s ( a real ma/] & comm&]4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp5s]4 ,su* a ma/] & comm&] duly pres5t$ himself 9 ,sp5s]4 ,naturally en\gh--& ev5 comm5dably en\gh on ! pr9ciple ( prov+ all ?+s & hold+ fa/ t :i* is good--he sp5t a little "t on classical v]s+2 only to give x up s completely t 7z is n ! case ) 8 fri5d ,sidney7 no s+le example ( x1 or ( any approa* to x1 occurs 9 8 actual poetical works4 ,he mu/ h sp5t mu* m on exp]im5ts 9 ,engli% v]se prop]1 be=e ! ev]-fam\s & admirable ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> appe>$ 9 ! w9t] ( #aegi-hj4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>4 ,= poetical excell5ce1 comb9$ ) prosodic regul>ity1 !re _h be5 no?+ l ?is s9ce ,*auc]2 = poetical excell5ce comb9$ ) prosodic v>iety x may be que/ion$ :e!r ,*auc] himself--8 :ole "w be+ set aga9/ ?is novice's essay--c %[ any?+ equal4 ,sp5s] _h n yet v5tur$ to publi% 7?\gh x is m ?an probable t he _h sket*$ x out#gi7 8 immortal /anza1 & he did n issue till lat] any exact & complete foll[+s ( ,*auc]'s rid+ rhyme4 ,b he uses 7! exact ord] is = special reasons n foll[$7 a v f9e six-l9e /anza 7decasyllables rhym$ ababcc72 slightly alt]$ ,romance-six ) fre% sub/itution & r$undance 9 ! %ort l9es2 v>i\s /anzas mu* cuttit & brok5 7i4e4 ( v v>i$ l9e-l5g? & rhyme-ord]72 ! ,*auc]ian octave2 common ballad measure2 & ano!r metre1 mu* discuss$ & n univ]sally agre$ ^u1 b1 on ! m probable int]pretation ( x1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ,engli% poetry4 ,?is arrangem5t1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,febru>y1 ,may1 & ,septemb] pieces1 b mo/ *>act]i/ically 9 ! "p ( ,febru>y devot$ to ! tale ( ,! ,oak & ! ,br]e 7,bri>71 has be5 ?\ght by "s to be evid5ce t ,sp5s] misund]/ood ,*auc]'s rid+ rhyme ow+ to ! disuse ( ! f9al valu$ e & o!r *anges1 ^! pieces pres5t+ ! result ( ! misconception4 ,un=tunately = ?is notion1 ! pieces !mselves conta9 l>ge numb]s ( consecutive decasyllabics p]fectly well fill$ & rhy?m$2 :ile ,sp5s] lat] wrote ano!r piece1 ,"m ,hubb]d's ,tale1 :i* is 9 impeccable rid+ rhyme f fir/ to la/4 ,he is also1 n m]ely 9 8 lat] "w1 b 9 ! o!r n9e-twelf?s ( ! ,cal5d> itself1 an equally impeccable ma/] ( e rhy?m & metre t he tries1 s t x is practically inconceivable t he %\ld "h h be5 /umbl+ bl9dfold1 or w&]+ aimlessly1 betwe5 p]fect decasyllabic c\plets1 p]fect octosyllabic c\plets1 & dogg]el anap/ic l9es inconsi/5t ) bo?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re _h be5 9 ,engli%1 z we h se51 f ,g5esis & ,exodus d[nw>ds1 a v>iety ( octosyllabic c\plet :i* _h admitt$ anap/ic equival5ce freely1 :i* reappe>$ 9 ! ,romances1 & :i*1 ?\gh n fav\r$ by ,*auc] or ,g[] or _! imm$iate foll[]s1 _h p]sev]$ 9 v>i\s places d[n to ,sp5s]'s own "t4 ,x seems to ! pres5t writ]1 z x did to ,gray a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 & has to _m o!rs s9ce ,*ri/abel1 ?\gh ,col]idge himself /rangely did n notice x1 t ,sp5s] "h foll[$ 8 eld]s1 & anticipat$ ,col]idge himself1 9 *oos+ equival5c$ octosyllable to v>y 8 non-equival5c$ decasyllable4 ,& on ?is !ory we h 9 ,g5esis & ,exodus1 ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 & ,*ri/abel1 ! ?ree ma9 pi]s ( a great bridge :i* unites ! e>lie/ & ! late/ ages ( ,engli% prosody1 & :i* c>ries t prosody's mo/ vital & diff]5tial pr9ciple4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 ( ,sp5s]'s exp]im5ts 0 t1 = 8 *ief poem ! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 he *ose none ( ! metres 9 :i* he _h ?us exp]im5t$1 nor any :i* _h be5 previ\sly employ$ by poets1 ,engli% or o!r1 b inv5t$ 7! possible /ages ( ! inv5tion be+ giv5 else:]e7 ! magnific5t ,sp5s]ian /anza ( eight decasyllables & an ,alex&r9e4 ,) ?is he got m room ?an 9 ei!r rhyme-royal or ! octave--an unsurpass$ m$ium = ! individual descriptive effects 9 :i* he delight$1 & yet "o :i* c\ld comb9e itself 7= ! purpose ( l>g] description or ( n>rative7 into mo/ attractive sequ5ce4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 conf9e himself to ?is 9 8 lat] poems1 b %[$ himself a ma/]1 n m]ely ( ! octave 9 bo? its =ms & ( ! c\plet1 b also ( two ext5sive v]se comb9ations m elaborate ?an ! ,sp5s]ian itself1 b less orig9al1 & bo? really sugge/$1 z ! ,sp5s]ian 0 n1 by ,italian4 ,! fir/ 0 ! sonnet1 :i*1 aft] ! successors ( ,wyatt & ,surrey _h be5 app>5tly afraid to v5ture on x1 _h be5 tak5 up by ,sidney & ,watson probably ab\t ! same "t t he 0 himself at "w ^u 8 ,cal5d>1 & 9 :i* he did v beautiful ?+s4 ,! o!r 0 ! /ill m ext5sive & complicat$ arrangem5t1 sugge/$ no d\bt by ! ,italian canzone1 :i* he employ$ 9 ! ,epi?alamion & ,pro?alamion--/anzas ( unequal l9e-l5g? & int]twi/$ rhyme-ord] :i* sometimes ext5d to a score ( l9es or !reab\ts4 ,sp5s] did n1 aft] ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 attempt ! light] k9d ( lyric1 nor any?+ 9 trisyllabic measures2 :ile he seems di/9ctly to es*ew trisyllabic sub/itution 9 o!rs1 ?\gh x appe>s sometimes4 ,b ?is 01 9 fact1 a condition ( 8 complet+1 & in=m+ ) full poetic _s1 ! prosodic re=m ( ! second & ?ird qu>t]s ( ! c5tury4 ,he left ,engli% poetry once m provid$--& inde$ _h furni%$ x long be=e 8 too e>ly dea?--) a p]fect =m ( v]se1 & ) a ne>ly p]fect =m ( poetic diction4 ,?is diction1 :i* 0 almo/ z mu* 8 own "w z 8 /anza1 0 at ! "t1 & has be5 s9ce1 mu* misund]/ood4 ,b5 ,jonson call$ x no language--an insidi\s proposition :i*1 "u ! tru? t x is no language t 0 at ! "t1 _h be5 be=e1 or has s9ce be5 ! liv+ spee* ( any p]son or gr\p1 conveys ! falsehood t x is !re=e unfit = poetry4 ,x is probable t ,*auc]'s 01 ?\gh slightly mix$1 mu* ne>] ! actual language ( 8 own "t1 & = t v reason x grew obsolete1 &1 until x 0 /udi$ f ! antiqu>ian po9t ( view1 c>ri$ ! v]se ) x4 ,sp5s]'s bl5d ( actuality1 ar*aism1 dialect1 borr[+s f ,fr5* & ,italian1 & ! l1 provid$ a lit]>y m$ium :i*1 ?\gh p>ts ( x too h become antiquat$1 has z a :ole provid$ patt]ns = all subsequ5t poets4 ,! mo/ disputable ( 8 devices1 ?\gh x has a c]ta9 qua9t *>m ( its own1 is :at is call$ 8 eye-rhyme--a sy/em ( alt]+ ! spell+ ( "s words s t !y may n only s\nd alike on ! voice b look alike on ! page4 ,,footnotes3 #gd ,^! are c]ta9 & inconte/able4 ,! pres5t writ] w\ld add ! spr9kl+ ( trisyllabic feet1 ,alex&r9es1 etc4--ev5 m difficult = clumsy foll[]s to imitate successfully4 #ge ,z by ,gascoigne 7v4 inf474 #gf ,li!? & le/5e? & h]k5e? aright1 ,& ye s*ulle "h a talk+ ( a d\ghty knight2 ,sire ,johan ( ,b\ndys 0 8 righte "n1 ,he c[de ( norture en\gh & mo*il ( game4 ,?re sones ! knight hadde t ) 8 body he wan2 ,! elde/ 0 a mo*e %rewe & sone he bigan4 ,8 bre!r5 lov$ wel "h fad] & ( him 7 aga/1 ,! elde/ des]v$ 8 fa!r's curse & _h x at ! la/4 ,! goode knight 8 fad] liv$e s yore1 ,t de? 0 com5 him to & h&l$ him full sore4 ,! goode knight c>$ sore syk !r he lay1 ,h[ 8 *ildr5 s*olde liv5 aft] 8 day4 ,he hadde b5 wyde-:] b no h\sb& he 01 ,al ! lond t he hadde x 0 v]rey pur*as4 ,fayn he wolde x 7 dress$ among hem alle1 ,t e* ( hem hadde 8 "p z x might falle4 7,gamelyn1 #a-af47 7,"h l4 #h1 ) ! almo/ c]ta9 crasis ( !lde/1 is a pure iambic f\rte5]4 ,else:]e !re are monosyllabic beg9n+s1 contractions ( :ole or half feet1 & great app>5t irregul>ity1 b at ! same "t ne>] & ne>] approa* to ! anap/ic dimet]1 :i* 0 to become s popul>47 #gg ,i4e4 =ms l hugy 7,sackville71 bleaky 7,dryd571 & paly 7,col]idge74 ,^! =ms someh[ id5tifi$ !mselves ) ! artificial poetic diction ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & h1 s9ce ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5?1 be5 r es*ew$ by poets4 #gh ,or1 r1 z any "o may see f diff]5t editions ( ,dante1 ! trisyllables :i* d occur are almo/ always capable ( be+ slurr$ up4 #gi ,! s*eme ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e 0 s5t to ,h>vey soon aft]w>ds4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,f ,,%akespe>e ,,to ,,milton--,,! ,,close ,,( ,,! ,,=mative ,,p]iod ,! high & 7x is believ$7 ?or\ghly well-des]v$ praise be/[$ ^u ,sp5s] at ! close ( ! la/ *apt] mu/ n lead ! /ud5t to suppose t ,sp5s] work$ alone1 t he 0 ! sole re/or] & p]fect] ( ,engli% prosody at ?is "t1 or ev5 t 8 "w includ$ all t 0 necess>y or desirable4 ,t "w1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 t5d$ t[>ds ! complete re/oration ( regul> & at ! same "t ?or\ghly musical & spirit$ v]se1 b x kept--except 9 ! e>ly exp]im5ts ( ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>--to ! regul> side1 avoid+ mu* trisyllabic sub/itution z well z triple "t g5]ally1 & es*ew+1 likewise1 /rictly lyrical movem5ts save ( ! /atelie/ k9d1 v mu* brok5 & cuttit#hj v]se1 & ! l4 ,z reg>ds pure triple or anap/ic measures1 no great advance 0 made until ne>ly ! close ( ?is pres5t p]iod1 ?\gh a few isolat$ attempts c be quot$4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( trisyllabic sub/itution 0 secur$1 once = all1 by ! developm5t ( blank v]se1 & ! v>iation ( lyric 0 fully ma9ta9$ by ! practice ( a hundr$ poets1 f ! contributors1 sometimes q obscure1 to ! ,miscellanies :i* came lat] ?an ,tottel1 ?r\gh ,sidney & o!rs ( ! fir/ great ,elizabe?an division1 ?r\gh ,drayton & _m m ( ! second1 d[n to ! fam\s gr\p ( ,c>ol9e1 ,cavali]1 or metaphysical poets :o 7 contempor>y ) ,milton4 ,sid5ote3 ,blank v]se4 ,& fir/ ( blank v]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,be=e ,%akespe>e4 ,! e>lie/ examples ( ?is great metre 9 ,surrey 71 naturally en\gh1 v exact 9 syllabic l5g? & some:at monoton\s 9 arrangem5t & effect4 ,depriv$ ( ! w>n+ bell ( rhyme1 & hav+ no?+ b ! /ructure ( ! v]se itself to rely ^u1 ! poet 0 almo/ inevitably tempt$ to make v sure ( t /ructure by m\ld+ x s+ly1 & ensur+ a di/9ct /op at ! close4 ,?is r aggravates ?an relieves itself 9 ! satiric blank v]se ( ,gascoigne 7,! ,/eel ,glass7 & ! dramatic blank v]se ( ,sackville & ,norton 7,gorboduc72 :ile :5 ! imm$iate pr$ecessors ( ,%akespe>e1 call$ ! ,univ]sity ,wits 7,m>l[e1 ,peele1 ,gre5e1 & ! re/71 took up ! vehicle = g5]al !atrical practice1 !y nev] completely got cle> ( ! same fa%ion--:i* ,%akespe>e himself adopt$ 9 8 e>lie/ attempts4 ,admiration1 j 9 itself1 = ,m>l[e has made "s try to discov] 9 him1 & p]haps also 9 ,peele 7:]e !re is really a little m ( x71 ! trisyllabic sub/itution1 ! v>iation ( pause1 & ! ov]runn+ ( s5se & rhy?m f l9e to l9e1 :i* are necess>y to break up ?is s+le-m\ld$ness4 ,b1 except z to a v few passages :]e actual passion melts ! ice1 !y deceive !mselves4 ,9 ! c\plet 7v4 inf47 ,m>l[e did arrive at enjambm5t2 9 blank v]se1 h>dly ev]4 ,! beauty ( su* v]se z 8 9 ! m maje/ic1 z ,peele's 9 ! sweet] k9d1 c h>dly be exagg]at$1 b nei!r has yet got complete comm& ( all means ( a*iev+ beauty4 ,! ?ree *ief means :i* !y1 on ! :ole1 miss$1 & ov] :i* ,%akespe>e 7pr(it+ by _! advance z f> z !y made x7 gradually ga9$ ! ma/]y1 h be5 indicat$ z ! ov]runn+ ( ! l9e1 ! v>iation ( ! pause1 &1 above all1 ! employm5t ( trisyllabic feet4 ,we c see ,%akespe>e /ep by /ep atta9+ ^!1 z well z ! m d\btful & dang]\s r$undant syllable1 :i* 9 8 la/ /age he r abus$1 & :i* ,beaumont & ,flet*] & lat] dramati/s 7 to abuse /ill m4 ,all ^! means1 b especially ! ?ree fir/ 7= r$undance is compatible ) s+le-m\ld$ness71 break up ! s+le-m\ld$ l9e1 & sub/itute = x 7except 9 cases :]e x is specially want$7 ! v]se-clauses & v]se-p>agraphs1 :i* x is ! glory ( ,%akespe>e to h p]fect$4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 him1 ,9 8 c]ta9ly e>lie/ plays--,! ,com$y ( ,errors1 ,titus ,&ronicus1 ,! ,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona1 ,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/ to "s ext5t--s+le-m\ld$ness /ill appe>s /rongly4 ,b !re are exceptions ev5 9 !m2 & ^! exceptions gradually p]vade1 mell[1 & div]sify ! prosodic composition1 till x atta9s ! p]fect accompli%m5t ( ,z ,y ,l ,x & ,hamlet4 ,yet a fif? peculi>ity & innovation--! l5g!n+ & %ort5+ ( l9es--?\gh x may h orig9ally be5 a m]e easem5t or lib]ty1 & is (t5 mu* abus$ by o!r dramati/s1 becomes 9 ,%akespe>e's h&s a fre% in/rum5t ( conc]t$ music--! frequ5t regul> ,alex&r9es reliev+ ! decasyllable by direct contra/1 & fragm5ts be+ g5]ally 7v4 sup47 s arrang$ z to give g5u9e fractions ( ! normal scansion itself4 ,sid5ote3 & aft] him 9 drama4 ,practically all ! secrets & all ! accompli%m5ts %[n--p]haps all ! accompli%m5ts possible--at ?is p]iod are to be f\nd 9 ,%akespe>e4 ,! diff]5ces ( ! o!r dramati/s are r rhetorical ?an /rictly prosodic2 & ! ef=ts sometimes made to con/ruct special prosodies = !m are mo/ly lo/ lab\r4 ,beaumont & ,flet*] 7:o seem1 f unc]ta9 b pretty /rong evid5ce1 to h actually collaborat$ ) ,%akespe>e 9 ! ,two ,noble ,k9sm57 develop 8 late/ mood--t :]e1 z 9 ,cymbel9e1 ,! ,w9t]'s ,tale1 & ,! ,tempe/1 !re is mu* r$undance4#ha ,!y c>ri$ x mu* fur!r ?an he did1 & und\bt$ly too f>2 ?\gh ! great poetical p[] :i* bo? possess$ sav$ !m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,b5 ,jonson1 all ^: ta/es 7 classical 7i4e4 9 fav\r ( re/riction & ord]71 adopt$ a r h>d & limit$1 ?\gh rhetorically f9e1 fa%ion ( blank v]se4 ,on ! o!rs x w\ld be unpr(itable to enl>ge mu* "h4 ,mass+] is p]haps int]e/+ z work+ ) ! mo/ obvi\sly lit]>y eye on 8 pr$ecessors--a t5d5cy :i* is cont9u$ 9 ,%irley4 ,b 9 ! latt] !re is "s1 if n mu*1 ( a special deg5]ation :i* by ,%irley's own lat] days _h ne>ly de/roy$ dramatic blank v]se itself1 & :i* 0 only arre/$ by ! sub/itution = x ( ! h]oic c\plet1 z us$ 9 ! plays call$ by ! same "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,its deg5]ation4 ,?is deg5]ation1 :i* is mo/ evid5t 9 ,dav5ant & ,suckl+1 b :i* appe>s to "s1 ?\gh n to a great ext5t1 9 ,%irley1 & 9 mo/ o!rs ( ! play-writ]s up to ! clos+ ( ! !atres1 %\ld be c>efully comp>$ ) ! initial /age ( ! measure 9 ,engli%4 ,!n1 z we saw1 ! abs5ce ( ! guid+ & pres]v+ influ5ce ( rhyme made writ]s especially & excessively c>eful ( exact syllabisation1 ( punctili\s ?\gh monoton\s rhy?m1 & ( meticul\s sep>ation ( "o l9e f ano!r4 ,s also we h se5 t1 9 ! second or great p]iod1 ! re/rictions 7 loos5$--t ,%akespe>e1 pres]v+ p]fect metrical h>mony1 sub/itut$ an ord]$ lic5ce = !m all4 ,b ev5 he p]haps a little latt]ly1 & 8 foll[]s ,beaumont & ,flet*] mu* m1 exce$$ 9 ! r$undant syllable4 ,! ?ird g5]ation1 ?\gh includ+1 z 9 ! ?ree cases specially m5tion$ above1 m5 ( no small poetic tal5t1 made ! common1 ! app>5tly inevitable1 b ! disa/r\s mi/ake ( consid]+ beauty n m]ely z directly connect$ ) app>5t irregul>ity1 b z to be secur$ by irregul>ity itself4 ,mu* ( _! blank v]se is extremely blank1 b n v]se at all2 nor yet prose1 b an awkw>d hybrid4 ,n a little is prose pure & simple4 ,x is sc>cely surpris+ t1 aft] ! ,re/oration1 ! metre %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z too mean ev5 = a copy ( v]ses1 & disc>d$1 = m ?an a few ye>s1 9 drama itself4 ,except ! brok5-d[n rhyme-royal ( ! fifte5? c5tury 7to :i* x be>s a /rik+ resemblance )\t ! excuse !re available7 !re is no m really disgraceful dep>tm5t ( ,engli% poetry4 ,sid5ote3 ,milton's re=m ( x4 ,at ! v "t1 h[ev]1 :5 ?is disorganisation ( dramatic blank v]se 0 at its wor/1 & :5 x _h z yet only be5 us$ on ! r>e/ occasions = any o!r purpose1 its great re/or] began1 ?\gh he did n = a long "t cont9ue1 ! process ( re/oration4 ,sid5ote3 ,comus4 ,milton's ,comus 7#afcd7 exhibits him z a /ud5t1 & consequ5tly an imitator1 ( all ! ?ree prec$+ s*ools1 except+ ! contempor>y degradation1 :i* 0 impossible to su* a born ma/] ( h>mony4 ,he has n[ caught1 & (t5 directly reproduces1 ! s+le-m\ld$ l9e ( ,m>l[e2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 he is almo/ equally incl9$ to ! excessively r$undanc$ end+s ( ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( frequ5tly mak+ ! la/ foot an anap/4#hb ,yet he n seldom closely approa*es ,%akespe>e himself 9 ! v>i$ modulation1 )\t excessive laxity1 ( 8 l9es1 & 9 ! weav+ ( !m1 ?r\gh ov]lapp+1 pres5ce1 abs5ce & %ift+ ( pause1 & ! l1 into a v]se p>agraph4 ,he ins]ts ,alex&r9es1 b does n use v]se-fragm5ts mu*4 ,& he beg9s a process--( :i* he 0 to be ! greate/ ma/]--( add+ to ! col\r1 & enhanc+ ! =m1 ( l9es by /rik+ & important words1 especially prop] names4 ,b f9e z ! blank v]se ( ,comus is1 x is1 :5 we comp>e x ) ! lyrical close ( ! piece itself1 evid5tly 9 ! exp]im5tal /age4 ,& x does n %[ ! complete & assur$ comm& :i* is visible 9 ! octosyllables & mix$ lyrics4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,:51 lat]1 he once m employ$ blank v]se 7& ?is "t blank v]se only7 9 ,p>adise ,lo/1#hc !re 0 no?+ ( exp]im5t left 9 x4 ,! sy/em1 9 :atev] way x may be int]pret$1 is q obvi\sly "o :i* ! poet has completely ma/]$1 & :i* he is us+ )\t ! slighte/ d\bt or difficulty4 ,x has giv5 ! patt]n = all n>rative1 9 fact = all non-dramatic1 blank v]se s9ce2 x e/abli%$1 ?\gh n q at once1 ! measure z "o ( ! great /aples = ?is g5]al use2 & ?\gh !re h be5 times at :i* x 0 n g5]ally popul>1 & p]sons by :om x 0 he>tily dislik$1 !re has be5 a sort ( g5]al cons5sus1 sometimes grudg+1 b (t5] en?usia/ic1 t x is "o ( ! greate/ a*ievem5ts ( ,engli% poetry4 ,x is !re=e inevitable t ! p>tisans ( ! v>i\s sy/ems ( t poetry on its =mal side1 ( :i* acc\nts 7 giv5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is ,manual1 %\ld all try to v9dicate x = _! own views4 ,attempts are /ill made 7?\gh *iefly by =eign]s :o naturally _c br+ ! necess>y e>7 to r$uce ,p>adise ,lo/ to a /rict decasyllabic arrangem5t1 no extra syllables be+ all[$ at all4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is m]ely hide\s1 & involves num]\s crass absurdities1 su* z ! r$uction (1 s (t to s(t4#hd ,sid5ote3 ,analysis ( its v]sification1 ) application ( diff]5t sy/ems4 ,! acc5tuali/s1 z su*1 are n driv5 to equal /raits unless !y *oose2 inde$1 ?\gh acc5tual prosody c nev] give an adequate acc\nt ( ,milton's v]se1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n give a p>tially correct "o4 ,if any "o says t ,milton employs a v]se ( five acc5ts--^! usually occurr+ at ! ev5 places ( a normal l9e1 b n infrequ5tly v>i$ 9 position1 sometimes sep>at$ by m ?an "o unacc5t$ syllable1 b usually by "o only--he w give1 9 8 own language & ) 8 own limitations1 a correct1 ?\gh scanty & jejune1 acc\nt ( ! ?+4 ,he w1 h[ev]1 9 mo/ cases be f\nd go+ on1 & ent]+ ^u v disputable matt]4 ,he w notice lic5ces1 & w1 9 "s cases1 be incl9$ to deplore1 or ev5 d5\nce1 ! v>iation ( acc5t j not$4 ,he w also1 9 mo/ cases1 be f\nd decl9+ to accept ! unacc5t$ syllables z !y /&--inde$ he has no ma*9]y ready = do+ s )\t mak+ !m a disord]ly cr[d1--& w endeav\r to dispose ( !m by "s process ( elision1 inv5t+ extremely +5i\s1 b mo/ly arbitr>y & sometimes self-confess$ly inadequate1 specifications ( ! employm5t ( ?is4 ,if he is ( ! class ( acc5tuali/s :o pref] ! t]m /ress & its applications1 he w probably g mu* fur!r /ill1 & all[1 or insi/ ^u1 ! wide/ v>iation 9 ! numb] ( /resses1 l9es ( five be+ inde$ ! av]age1 b f\r1 ?ree1 &1 9 "s extreme cases1 ev5 two1 be+ all[$4#he ,fur!r intricate subdivisions w be f\nd betwe5 believ]s 9 ^! !ories :o1 :ile rul+ out syllables f scansion by an elaborate sy/em ( metrical fictions1 ma9ta9 t !y are n to be dropp$ 9 pronunciation1 & o!rs :o1 z mo/ p did unhesitat+ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 z _m did 9 ! e>li] n9ete5?1 & z a few boldly & consi/5tly d /ill1 drop ! pronunciation altoge!r1 spell+ & pron\nc+1 z well z scann+1 am'r\s1 om'n\s1 pop'l>1 del'cate1 & ! l4 ,! foot sy/em1 on ! o!r h&1 z x always does1 accepts ,milton's v]se exactly z x /&s1 takes no k9d ( lib]ty ) x1 & m]ely /rives to discov] its *>act]i/ics4 ,?is sy/em f9ds 7) ! exception ( a v few d>+ exp]im5ts1 no "o ( :i* c be call$ wrong 9 pr9ciple1 ?\gh !re may be diff]5t op9ions ab\t ! success ( "s ( !m 9 practice7 no?+ diff]5t f ! g5]al laws ( ,engli% v]se1 z obs]v$ at all its be/ p]iods1 & z visible1 if only 9 ! brea* ( !m1 at all1 be/ & wor/4 ,milton's normal l9e is a five-foot iambic3 ,b = ^! iambics he w sub/itute tro*ees or anap/s1 sometimes p]haps tribra*s1 v freely2 & 8 use ( ! tro*ee = ?is purpose is m lavi% & m audaci\s ?an t ( any o!r ,engli% poet1 s mu* s t he w all[ two to foll[ ea* o!r at ! op5+ ( ! l9e1 & frequ5tly adopts a *oriambic end+ by plac+ "o at ! f\r? foot4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he seldom has ! f9al anap/ :i* we f\nd 9 ,comus1 or p]haps ! ,alex&r9e1 ?\gh sometimes !re are fractional l9es4 ,by d9t ( ^! v>iations--( :i* ! trisyllabic 7g5]ally anap/ic7 foot is ! mo/ frequ5t1 ! mo/ successful1 &1 despite objections1 ! mo/ c]ta9--he atta9s great v>iety 9 8 l9e1 :i* he increases & utilises1 = "o great purpose1 by ! same devices ( pause1 diction1 etc41 =m]ly notic$ 9 ,comus1 b 9 a m accompli%$ mann] & to a high] degree4 ,! purpose is ?is1 t by ^!1 by equally elaborate & extraord9>ily successful v>iation ( ! pause1 by devices ( diction1 & by ! use ( brilliantly col\r$ & heavily weight$ prop] names & ( o!rs1 he may con/ruct a v]se-p>agraph simil> to t :i* ,%akespe>e _h already accompli%$1 b )\t ! special *>act]i/ics ( spok5 v]se4 ,he alt]$ 8 me?ods a little--?\gh p]haps n s mu* z has be5 sometimes ?\ght--9 ,p>adise ,rega9$1 & /ill m 9 ,samson ,agoni/es1 :]e1 h[ev]1 ! r5ew$ dramatic int5tion has to be consid]$4 ,&1 on ! :ole1 especially :5 tak5 9 comb9ation ) 8 ma/] ,%akespe>e1 he e/abli%$ n m]ely ! fre$om & ord] ( blank v]se itself1 b ! :ole pr9ciple ( equival5t sub/itution 9 ,engli% prosody4 ,sid5ote3 ,/anza1 etc41 9 ,%akespe>e1 ,b x 0 n 9 blank v]se only t ,%akespe>e & ,milton play$1 9 prosody1 almo/ m ?an ! "p :i* !y play$ 9 poetry g5]ally4 ,9 _! o!r "w x is q z true ( !m t1 f x1 all ! pr9ciples ( ,engli% v]sification c\ld be d]iv$ by intellig5t /udy4 ,%akespe>e's e>ly long poems1 ,v5us & ,adonis & ! ,rape ( ,lucrece--! "o 9 ! six-l9e /anza1 ! o!r 9 rhyme-royal--rank z ! greate/ /anza-v]se ( ! la/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury except ,sp5s]'s2 :ile 8 ,sonnets are1 n m]ely = _! poetic _s1 ! greate/ 9 ! ,engli% =m1 exhibit+ rem>kable individuality 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! ?ree quatra9s1 & an unmat*$ p[] ( br++ ! la/ c\plet to be> sudd5ly1 ) ! utmo/ prosodic z well z poetic effect4 ,! l>gely %ort5$ octosyllabic c\plets1 scatt]$ ab\t 8 plays & among ! small] 7"s ( !m te*nically d\btful7 poems1 %[ equal ma/]y ( t =m1 & h inde$ inspir$ ,flet*]1 ,)]1 ,milton1 & all practition]s ( x s9ce4 ,b ! songs 9 ! plays are1 next to 8 blank v]se1 8 greate/ prosodic triumph4 ,he has got 9 !m all ! contempor>y v>iety & mu* m ?an ! usual contempor>y fre$om1 s t su* pieces z ^? 9 ,! ,tempe/1#hf 9 ,mu* ,ado ,ab\t ,no?+1 & 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x#hg might1 _h !y be5 att5d$ to & und]/ood1 h sav$ ! e>ly critics ( ,t5nyson & "s o!r n9ete5?-c5tury poets f blund]s ab\t ! irregul>ity1 discord1 un-,engli% "*1 etc41 ( _! v]sification4 t sprtes1 ? br?n be>4 ,hrk1 hrk6 ,bw-ww4 ,? wt*-dgs brk3 ,bw-ww4 ,p_/ 7,alt]nate tro*aic & iambic rhy?m capable ( be+ made all iambic by />t+ ) monosyllabic feet3 ,cme ,curt- ,fot etc4 ,monosyllabic equival5ce 9 ,h>k1 h>k6 to ,! wat*-dogs b>k47 ,sid5ote3 9 ,milton1 ,except 9 ?is la/ respect 7= he does n mu* indulge 9 triple-tim$ measures71 ,milton's examples are z /rik+1 :ile !y are m num]\s4 ,9 grave /anza ( purely iambic cad5ce b v>i$ l9e-l5g?1 ! ode on ! ,nativity is unsurpass$ 9 our poetry4 ,! octosyllabic c\plets 7) catalexis7 ( ! ,arcades1 ,l',allegro1 & ,il ,p5s]oso1 & ! already-m5tion$ latt] "p ( ,comus1 /& at ! head ( _! class4 ,lycidas1 :i* is writt5 9 l9es ma9ly decasyllabic1 ?\gh sometimes ( diff]5t l5g?1 arrang$ 7except 9 ! la/ /anza7 on no id5tical pr9ciple1 is a practically unique comb9ation ( rhyme & blank v]se--! ends be+ sometimes left unrhym$1 b g5]ally rhym$1 ?\gh on an app>5tly irregul> sy/em :i* nev] violates h>mony1 b makes--fir/ ea* p>agraph & !n ! :ole poem--a piece ( conc]t$ music1 a def9ite prosodic symphony or sonata4 ,& la/ly1 ! *oruses ( ,samson ,agoni/es1 :5 he _h return$ to rhyme1 apply ?is sy/em on m ext5sive pr9ciples#hh /ill1 occasionally attempt+ q new measures1#hi & gett+ ! utmo/ possible result out ( l>ge v>iation ( l9e-l5g? 9 ! same or 9 mix$ cad5ces4 ,"s ( ! exp]im5ts are less successful ?an o!rs1 &1 on ! :ole1 ,samson displays a h>d] /yle ( v]se ?an ! e>li] poems2 b x is equally important z exhibit+ ! true pr9ciples ( ,engli% prosody4 ,inde$1 :5 ,milton _h publi%$ x1 he may be said to h clos$ ! =mative p]iod ( our v]sification1 n 9 ! s5se t he _h n left inf9ite ?+s to be done1 b t he _h1 aft] ,*auc]1 ,sp5s]1 & ,%akespe>e1 almo/ completely indicat$ ! pr9ciples ( do+ !m4 ,sid5ote3 & o!rs4 ,b ^! pr9ciples _h be5 illu/rat$ by o!rs dur+ ! lifetime ( ! two1#ij aft] fa%ions :i* ev5 ! mo/ summ>y acc\nt ( ,engli% prosody _c leave unnotic$2 & ^! fa%ions1 ) "s g5]al ph5om5a ( ?is d\ble lifetime1 n always specially noticeable 9 ,%akespe>e & ,milton !mselves1 mu/ be indicat$4 ,! p]=mances ( ^! two primates--! "o 9 ! ,engli%1 ! o!r 9 ! ,italian =m ( ! sonnet--make x unnecess>y to say m ( t =m1 ?\gh x 0 v l>gely practis$ 9 ! la/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & beyond all d\bt help$ mu* to discipl9e v]se g5]ally4 ,& ! same is true ( ! octosyllabic c\plet1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 v beautifully practis$ by ! ,jacobean poets ,br[ne1 ,)]1 & o!rs4 ,b m mu/ be said ( ! /anza1 ( ! decasyllabic c\plet1 ! =tunes ( :i* 9 ?is "t 7 mo/ mom5t\s 7& :i*1 z x happ5s1 0 only occasionally practis$ by ,%akespe>e1#ia sc>cely at all by ,milton#ib71 & ( ! v>i\s =ms1 s f> z _! multiplicity does n =bid1 ( lyric4 ,! novelty1 spl5d\r1 & app>5t difficulty ( ! ,sp5s]ian seem to h impos$ on contempor>ies to su* an ext5t z to prev5t !m f copy+ x 9 typical =m at all2 :ile _m ye>s pass$ be=e x 0 attempt$ 9 slightly alt]$ =ms4#ic ,! fav\rite /anza 9 ! lat] ye>s ( ,elizabe? 0 ! octave1 *iefly 9 ! ,italian =m1 :i* 0 v l>gely writt5 by ,drayton1 by ,daniel1 & _m o!rs1 includ+ ,edw>d ,fairfax 9 8 v influ5tial translation ( ,tasso4 ,rhyme-royal fell especially out ( fav\r1 ?\gh ,milton us$ x 9 8 e>ly days1 & ,sir ,francis ,kyna/on wrote a long poem 9 x z late z #afdh4 ,! decasyllabic quatra91 alt]nately rhym$1 0 us$ by ,davies & o!rs4 ,yet n m]ely ,b5 ,jonson 7v4 inf47 b ,drayton himself express$ we>9ess ( ! /anza g5]ally1 & ?is und\bt$ly grew1 ?\gh x cont9u$ to be us$4 ,! new fav\rite 0 ! decasyllabic c\plet4 ,sid5ote3 ,! h]oic c\plet4 ,x has be5 said t ?is c\plet1 despite its spl5did success1 & ! abundance ( v>i$ model = x 9 ,*auc]1 0 n mu* us$ 7& nev] us$ well save p]haps 9 ,! ,fri>s ( ,b]wick7 by 8 successors4 ,x acquir$1 h[ev]1 )\t any cle>ly traceable cause1 a consid]able hold on ! e>ly drama2 &1 :5 x 0 eject$ f ?is1 x rev5g$ itself by turn+ ! /anza out to a l>ge ext5t 9 non-dramatic v]se4 ,drayton1 9 ! passage ref]r$ to1 speaks ( ! attraction ( ! gemell1 i4e4 ! tw9n$ l9e1 & practis$ x n a little4 ,jonson1 we are told1 ?\ght c\plets 7made 9 a fa%ion ! specification ( :i* is un=tunately n cle>7 ! brave/ sort ( v]ses4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 write !m v l>gely2 b ,drayton did4 ,& :ile ,m>l[e set a magnific5t example 9 ,h]o & ,le&]1 & o!rs employ$ ! measure indep5d5tly1 ! same sort ( influ5ce 9 its fav\r1 :i* 0 notic$ =m]ly z ex]cis$ 9 ,*auc]'s case by ! f9al c\plets ( rhyme-royal1 0 beyond all "q n[ ex]cis$ afre% by ^? ( ! fa%ionable ottava4 ,9 fact1 ! already-m5tion$ ,tasso ( ,edw>d ,fairfax 7#afjj7 is "o ( ! recognis$ orig9als ( a p>ticul> =m--! /opp$ or self-end$ c\plet4 ,?is ! octave1 l ! ,engli% sonnet1 :i* d\btless _h influ5ce too1 especially enc\rages4 ,drayton & o!rs wrote z ,*auc]1 we saw1 _h writt51 almo/ indiff]5tly 9 bo? k9ds1 at lea/ s t nei!r has m>k$ & dom9ant "*4 ,b ,m>l[e1 9 /rik+ contra/ to 8 blank-v]se practice1 decid$ly pref]r$1 & practis$ exquisitely1 ! opposite or enjamb$ v>iety4 ,sid5ote3 ,enjamb$ ,by degrees1 h[ev]1 !re grew up 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury :at has be5 p]haps n incorrectly describ$ z a battle ( ! c\plets--c]ta9 poets def9itely employ+ "o =m1 o!rs ! o!r2 :ile 9 at lea/ "o case#id ! pref]5ce is di/9ctly & combatively av[$4 ,z a sect1 cle>ly m>k$1 ! enjamb]s or disciples ( ,m>l[e are ! old]4 ,_! mo/ di/+ui%$ repres5tatives are1 9 ! e>li] "p or fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury1 ,william ,br[ne1 ,george ,)]--:o 9 ! piece call$ ,alres=d ,pool produc$ "o ( ! mo/ beautiful sep>ate examples ( ! k9d1--a r my/]i\s p]son nam$ ,john ,*alkhill1 to :om ,izaak ,walton 0 godfa!r & u%]2 9 ! second & at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird1 ! dramati/ ,%ak]ley ,m>mion & ,william ,*amb]layne4 ,! latt]'s poem ( ,ph>onnida#ie is ! longe/ example ( ! /yle1 & 9 fla%es & %ort passages ! mo/ poetical ( all2 b x also exhibits ! defects ( t /yle mo/ flagrantly4 ,^! defects come f ! fact t ! poet--all[$ to neglect 8 rhyme z a w>n+ bell ( t]m9ation ( some?+1 & to use x z a m]e accompanim5t--all[s 8 clauses & s5t5ces to run into a sometimes q bewild]+ prolixity1 & v frequ5tly neglects ev5 t modifi$ re/riction ( ! l9e itself to "s di/9ct =m & outl9e :i* bo? good blank v]se & ?is =m ( c\plet equally require4 ,! result1 assi/$ by ! ugly fancy ( ! "t = apo/rophat$ elisions1 sometimes comes ne> to ! contempor>y degradation ( blank v]se itself :i* has be5 m5tion$4 ,sid5ote3 & /opp$4 ,!re c be no reasonable d\bt t ^! excesses & defects /imulat$ att5tion to ! /opp$ =m ( ! c\plet2 & z little t ?is att5tion 01 ?\gh n unmix$ly1 decid$ly b5eficial to ,engli% v]se4 ,x 0 becom+1 & _h soon become1 desirable1 n m]ely t su* ?+s z ?is excessive enjambm5t 9 c\plet & z ! deg5]ation ( blank v]se %\ld be correct$1 b t ! valuable & inde$ ine/imable ass]tion ( ! "r to trisyllabic sub/itution :i* blank v]se _h once m br\ght out1 & :i* 0 prompt+ ! use once m ( purely or ma9ly trisyllabic measures1 %\ld be met1 & = a "t at any rate re/ra9$1 by ! c\nt]-ass]tion ( ! necessity ( rhy?mical smoo?ness & regul>ity4 ,! language--?\gh !re is no reason to believe t ! g5]al pronunciation ( ,%akespe>e's "t 0 s diff]5t f ours z "s h ?\ght--0 /ill go+ ?r\gh *anges ( acc5t & ! l2 &1 z yet1 g5]al notions on prosody 7 r>e1 = ! mo/ "p v ignorant ( ! actual hi/ory ( ,engli% poetry1 & z a rule badly express$4 ,9 ^! circum/ances x is n surpris+ t ! =m--ev5 ! music--( ! /opp$ & z ne>ly z possible normal decasyllabic c\plet %\ld appeal to _m4 ,! accept$ gr[? ( x is m>k$ traditionally by ! names ( ,fairfax1 ,s&ys1 &1 above all1 ,wall]1 f :om ,dryd5 7n to be notic$ 9 detail till ! next *apt]7 d]iv$ 8 patt]n4 ,b ! cle>e/ notion bo? ( ! pr9ciples & ( ! attraction ( ! =m is to be obta9$ f ! l9es ( ,sir ,john ,beaumont1 quot$ & discuss$ else:]e4 ,= ! pres5t1 h[ev]1 ! /opp$ c\plet--ev5 z su*1 & 9 comp>ison ) its rival--0 /ruggl+ n s mu* = ma/]y z = recognition1 & ,b5 ,jonson's idea ( its be+ 7if he really ?\ght s7 ! brave/ ( all 0 n[h]e ne> g5]al acceptance4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! production ( lyric betwe5 ,sp5s]'s "t & ! ,re/oration--if n ev5 consid]ably lat]--0 imm5se 9 quantity1 almo/ unique 9 v>iety1 & nev] surpass$ 9 poetical m]it1 ?\gh until late 9 ! p]iod x mo/ly1 except 9 ,%akespe>e & a few o!rs1 conf9$ itself to dissyllabic feet4#if ,sid5ote3 ,lyric4 ,! poetical miscellanies ( ! lat] ,elizabe?an "t1 & ! lyrical "w ( ,sidney1 ,drayton1 ,jonson1 ,campion1 & _m o!rs1 br\ght out ! song capacity ( ,engli% z x _h nev] be5 br\ght out be=e2 & 9 ! lat] portion ( ! p]iod ! poets specially kn[n z ,c>ol9e--t is to say1 ( ! p]iod ( ,*>les ! ,fir/1 ) a small] b rem>kable cont+5t f ! e>li] days ( 8 son--,h]rick1 ,c>ew1 ,cra%aw1 ,vaughan1 ,/anley1 ,k+1 & almo/ doz5s ( o!rs d[n to ,ro*e/]1 ,s$ley1 & ,afra ,behn--tri$ almo/ inf9ite v>ieties ( l9e-l5g? & l9e-adju/m5t ) delightful results4 ,& x is specially to be notic$ t ?is lyric nev] broke d[n z c\plet & blank v]se 7 do+--t x always reta9$ ! tradition ( metrical h>mony :i* ,wyatt & ,surrey _h re9troduc$ into ,engli% lit]>y poetry1 & :i* ,sp5s] _h p]fect$4 ,,footnotes3 #hj ,a phrase ( ,k+ ,james 7,,vi4 ( ,scotl& & ,i4 ( ,engl&72 v4 inf4 ,bks4 ,,iii4 & ,,iv4 #ha ,t1 rev]s+ ! ord]1 ,%akespe>e borr[$ ?is f !m1 is a rec5t notion1 extremely difficult to reconcile ) ext]nal evid5ce1 & go+ 9 ! v tee? ( int]nal4 #hb ,n1 ( c\rse1 t ?is is n sometimes mo/ successful1 z 9 ,t5nyson's ,& fla%+ r\nd & r\nd & :irl$ 9 an ar*1 b t x is dang]\s1 & if (t5 us$ w\ld be intol]able4 #hc ,publi%$ 9 #affg1 & s m ?an ?irty ye>s aft] ,comus4 ,b p]haps begun at lea/ fifte5 ye>s e>li]4 #hd ,to give a ?or\ghly satisfactory discussion ( ,milton's prosody w\ld ne$ space q out ( proportion "h4 ,! writ] has done :at he c\ld1 9 ?is direction1 9 ! long *apt] devot$ to ! subject 9 8 l>g] ,hi/ory4 ,b "s examples1 illu/rations1 & p>allel scann+s "u diff]5t sy/ems may be add$ to ! text ( ?is ,manual4 ,& fir/ 9 reg>d to pr9t+3 7a7 ,9 ! pr9t$ ,p>adise ,lo/ ! l9e ,above ?' ,aonian m\nt1 :ile x pursues appe>s ) ! apo/rophe2 b bel[-- ,delight !e m1 & ,siloa's brook t fl[$-- has no attempt to indicate elision by pr9t+4 7b7 ,& *iefly ?\1 ,o ,_s1 t do/ pref]-- if ?is is to be made /rictly dissyllabic1 we mu/ pron\nce spir't1 ?\gh n s pr9t$2 b1 a little l[]-- ,innum]able =ce ( spirits arm$ absolutely requires ! full value4 7c7 ,s+1 ,heav'nly ,muse1 t1 on ! secret top fav\rs ! idea t ,milton1 z mo/ ,elizabe?ans c]ta9ly did1 ?\ght ,heav5 a monosyllable4 ,b comp>e l9e #big-- ,on ,heav5's azure2 & ! torrid clime4 7d7 ,note1 too1 words l om9\s1 popul>1 delicate1 pr9t$ )\t attempt to apo/rophate1 ?\gh ! middle syllabic makes a trisyllabic foot4 ,aga91 consid] ! comp>ative euphony ( ! foll[+ l9es3 7e7 ,( glory bscr$ s :n ? ,sn nw rsn1 or ,( gloryobscr$1 etc4 7f7 ,! =m attempt+4 ,:]efre d ssme1 or ,? frm ttmptng4 ,:refre d' ssme1 or ,! =m attempt ,:]e=e d ,i assume1 7+74 ) ! -+ sunk or swall[$ someh[ extrametrically4 7g7 ,? nml sprts ?t frm pre blod rse1 or ,?'nml spr'ts ?t frm pre blod rse4 7h7 ,bcuse ?u h/ hrkn$ t ? vice f ?y wfe1 or ,because ?\'/ h>k5$ to ?' vice f ?y wife4 #he ,) possible ext5sion to eight1 & 7= aught ,i c see on ! sy/em7 to t54 #hf ,cme nt ?se yllw snds1 nd ?n tke hnds3 ,curtsed :n yu hve nd kiss'd ,? wld wves :/1 ,fot t fatly hre nd ?re2 nd1 swe #hg ndr ? grenwod tre ,: lves t le w? m1 nd tne hs mrry nte nt ? swet brd's ?rat1 ,cme h?r1 cme h?r1 cme h!r3 ,hre %ll h se ,n nm ,bt wntr nd rugh wa!r4 7ndr ? gren- & ,hre %ll h se w\ld scan equally well 9 !mselves1 b l9e #e1 ,come hi!r1 gives ! anap/ic h9t & key4 ,n nm is possible47 #hh ,oct41 ,iamb41 ,?is1 ?is is he2 s(tly a:ile2 & ,tro*4 ,let u n break 9 upon him4 ,dec4 ,o *ange beyond report1 ?\ght1 or belief6 ,alex4 ,see h[ he lies at random1 c>elessly diffus$1 ,hexasyl4 ,) langui%$ head unpropt1 ,hexasyl4 hyp]c4 ,z "o ) hope abandon$1 ,hexasyl4 hyp]c4 ,& by himself giv5 ov]1 ,oct4 ,9 slavi% habx1 ill-fitt$ we$s ,tetrasyl4 ,o'er-worn & soil$4 ,alex4 ,or d my eyes misrepres5t8 ,c ?is be he8 ,oct4 cat4 ,t heroic1 t ren[n$1 ,dec4 ,irresi/ible ,samson :om1 un>m$1 ,alex4 ,no /r5g? ( man or fi]ce/ wild bea/ c\ld )/&2 ,alex4 ,:o tore ! lion z ! lion te>s ! kid2 ,dec4 ,ran on embattl$ armies clad 9 iron1 ,hexasyl4 ,&1 weaponless himself1 ,alex4 ,made arms ridicul\s1 useless ! =g]y ,dec4 ,( braz5 %ield & spe>1 ! hamm]$ cuirass1 ,dec4 ,*alybean-temp]$ /eel & frock ( mail ,hexasyl4 ,adamantean pro(3 ,h>dly any?+ "h ne$s rem>k1 except ! use made ( ! old catalectic octosyllable belov$ f ,comus days1 ) its tro*aic cad5ce1 & t ( half-,alex&r9es or hexasyllables4 ,!re is only "o monomet]1 t[>ds ! c5tre or wai/ ( ! s*eme 7,o'er-worn & soil$74 #hi h1 hw cmely t s1 nd hw rvvng1 ,t ? sprts f j/ mn lng pprssd1 ,:n ,gd nt ? hnds f ?ir pprssr ,pts nvncbl mght4 7,catullian h5decasyllable87 #ij ,milton 0 eight ye>s old :5 ,%akespe>e di$1 & _! comb9$ lives1 #aefd-afgd1 m ?an cov] ! :ole major ,elizabe?an p]iod1 #aeeg-affj1 except "p ( its incipi5t /age1 #aeeg-aehj4 #ia ,z a v>iation to blank v]se4 #ib ,"s q boyi% ?+s1 a beautiful passage ( ! ,arcades1 & a few c\plets 9 ,comus are ! exceptions4 #ic ,by ! two ,flet*]s1 ,giles r$uc+ x to an octave ababbccc & ,ph9eas to a septet ababccc4 #id ,t ( ,sir ,john ,beaumont 7v4 sup4 p4 #gh et inf4 ,book ,,iii474 #ie ,?is1 l ,m>mion's ,cupid & ,psy*e1 ,*alkhill's ,!alma & ,cle>*us1 & o!r pieces exemplify+ ! =m1 is a v]se-romance1 a k9d = :i* t =m has special1 ?\gh dang]\s1 adaptation4 #if ,! cont9u\s anap/ appe>s1 aft] ,tuss]1 9 ,elizabe?an poetry *iefly 9 popul> ballad2 & x is only ab\t #afde t lit]>y poets1 l ,wall] & ,clevel&1 take x up4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,halt ,,& ,,retrospect--,,cont9uation ,,on ,,h]oic ,,v]se ,,& ,,its ,,companions ,,f ,,dryd5 ,,to ,,crabbe ,sid5ote3 ,recapitulation4 ,x is desirable1 if n absolutely necess>y1 at ?is po9t 7circa #affj1 :i*1 ?\gh n 9 /rict numb] ( ye>s or c5turies1 is 9 fact ! c5tral /age ( ,engli% prosody7 to halt & recapitulate :at _h be5 done s9ce ! =mation ( ,middle ,engli% by ! influ5ce ( ,lat9 & ,fr5* ^u ,old4 ,! conditions ( ! bl5d hav+ necessitat$ a new prosody1 t prosody 01 z 0 natural1 sl[ly elaborat$2 b ! l9es :i* x 0 to take1 9 consequ5ce ( ! imposition ( /rict =m ^u a vigor\s & /rongly *>act]is$ b r %apeless mat]ial1 appe>$ almo/ at once4 ,metre replac$ ! unmetrical rhy?m ( ,anglo-,saxon2 b ?is metre _h to take =ms greatly m ela/ic ?an ! /rict syllabic arrangem5t ( ,fr5*1 & diff]5tly con/itut$ f ! also ma9ly syllabic arrangem5t ( ,l[] ,lat94 ,& s1 9 ! v]se ( ! ?irte5? & e>li] f\rte5? c5tury1 a foot-sy/em1 ) all[ance ( equival5t sub/itution1 makes its appe>ance--r\ghly1 b m & m cle>ly4 ,nor is ?is at all affect$ by ! allit]ative revival ( ! la/-m5tion$ p]iod1 :i* p>tly makes t]ms ) metre & rhyme1 p>tly pursues its own way--to rea* its highe/ po9t ) ,langl&1 & to die away soon aft] ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,at ! v same "t ) ,langl& himself1 ! pure metrical sy/em is br\ght to its highe/ p]fection by ,*auc]4 ,b ?is p]fection dep5ds on a /ate ( ! language :i* is prec>i\s & n at all p]man5t1 & 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,engli% metre1 z f> z ! ,s\!rn & ma9 division ( ! language is conc]n$1 falls1 to a great ext5t1 into an>*y4 ,f ?is an>*y x is rescu$1 no d\bt1 z a g5]al det]m9+ influ5ce by ! settl+ once m ( pronunciation1 b directly & p>ticul>ly by ! ef=ts ( ,wyatt1 ,surrey1 & _! m9or successors f #aebe to #aege4 ,!n ,sp5s] comes1 & p]=ms almo/ m ?an ! "w ( ,*auc]1 inasmu* z 8 mat]ial is m tru/wor?y & has few] se$s ( decay 9 x4 ,he1 l 8 pr$ecessors1 recoil+ f ! frightful disord] ( ! prec$+ c5tury1 incl9es1 save 9 8 e>lie/ "w1 to a r /rict =m ( v]se1 mo/ly dissyllabic4 ,b ! m]e exig5cies ( ! /age1 ! nature ( blank v]se itself :5 once e/abli%$1 & ! g5ius ( ,%akespe>e1 re/ore !re ! lib]ty ( trisyllabic sub/itution1 & ! influ5ce ( music helps to br+ 9 trisyllabic measures--triple "t--z su*4 ,9 ,%akespe>e fir/ ! :ole fre$om1 z well z ne>ly ! :ole ord]1 ( ,engli% prosody discov]s itself4 ,b ?is fre$om is pu%$ by o!rs to lic5ce1 & blank v]se becomes practically z ru9\s a heap z ! rhyme-royal ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ) "o =m ( decasyllabic c\plet keep+ x company1 if n q 9 actual cacophony1 at any rate 9 disord]ly slackness4 ,!n ,milton re/ores blank v]se to almo/ all ! fre$om & m ?an ! ord] ( ,%akespe>e1 infus+ also into all ! o!r metres t he t\*es ?is same comb9ation2 s t 9 ^! two practically ev]y?+ is rea*$4 ,b poetic f]v\r dies d[n2 blank v]se becomes = a "t unpopul>2 ! age calls = ! m prosaic subject-k9ds ( v]se--satire1 didactics1 etc42 prevail+ /&>ds ( prosody are /rictly regulat$ to an accompli%$ b decid$ly limit$ smoo?ness4 ,! results ( ?is1 ) a few exceptions res]v$1 we are to see 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,dryd5's c\plet ,x 0 =tunate t ! poet "u :om ?is ,reign ( ,ord] 0 introduc$1 0 "o :o _h 9 himself a c]ta9 irrepressible vig\r & v]ve1 :i* w\ld n tol]ate m]e monotony4 ,john ,dryd5 wrote mo/ ( 8 mo/ fam\s poems 9 ! c\plet1 & 9 a /opp$ =m ( x2 b he did n conf9e himself !reto1 us+ also ! h]oic quatra9 7:i* he made an exce$+ly f9e measure72 ,p9d>ics 7( :i* ! same may be said72 occasional1 ?\gh few1 octosyllabics2 & lyrical measures ( ! mo/ v>i$ k9d1 bo? dissyllabic & trisyllabic1 :i* sometimes d n fall f> %ort ( all b ! v be/ "w ( ! prec$+ g5]ation4 ,8 c\plet itself1 moreov]1 0 n q rigidly /opp$2 & ev5 if x _h be51 0 s l>gely v>i$ by ! lic5ces ( triplet1 ,alex&r9e1 & sometimes ^! two comb9$1 t ! purely or ma9ly me*anical effect ) :i* 8 successor ,pope is *>g$1 & :i* is und\bt$ly to be obs]v$ 9 t successor's imitators1 does n impress itself4 ,ev5 _h ^! devices 7:i* may be said !mselves to h some?+ me*anical ab\t !m7 n be5 pres5t1 ! extraord9>y n]ve & full-blood$ness ( ,dryd5's v]se w\ld h be5 almo/ if n q suffici5t to remove ! reproa*4 ,! anti!tic yet nev] snip-snap explosion ( 8 di/i*s2 ! way 9 :i* !y fl+ !mselves aga9/ ! object2 ! mom5tum giv5 to !m by /rik+ words /rik+ly plac$1 +5i\s manipulation ( pause1 unexpect$ & excit+ turns ( phrase--are unprec$5t$4 ,8 prosody may be call$ a some:at rhetorical prosody1 b x is ! v highe/ ( its own k9d4 ,x ex]cis$ /rong & good influ5ce ov] ! :ole classical p]iod ) :i* we are deal+ 9 ?is *apt]2 a little aft] ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury x effect$ a div]sion f ! too monoton\s limitation ( ,pope2 & 9 ! v hey-day ( ! ,romantic movem5t x taught new devices1 & reveal$ new s\rces ( prosodic beauty1 to ,keats4 ,great1 h[ev]1 z are ! m]its ( ?is c\plet v]se ( ,dryd5's1 & incomp>ably well z x is adapt$ = argum5t1 satire1 exposition1 & o!r ?+s some:at extra-poetical 9 !mselves1 !re is some?+ artificial 9 its limitations4 ,& x is a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 t :5 y make artificial rules = a game1 ?is artificiality always t5ds to make itself m artificial4 ,moreov]1 x is n only fair1 b important1 to all[ t ,dryd5's lic5ces ( triplet & ,alex&r9e 79 ! latt] case sometimes ext5d$ ev5 to a f\rte5]7 require ability & judgm5t1 equal to 8 own1 to prev5t mismanagem5t ( !m4 ,9 clumsy h&s some?+ almo/ z amorph\s z ! brok5-d[n blank v]se & ! unduly enjamb$ c\plet ( ! prec$+ g5]ation might easily come ( !m4 ,x is !re=e n surpris+ t1 ! att5tion ( ! av]age poet be+ m & m conc5trat$ on ?is c\plet1 attempts %\ld be made to r$uce ! lib]ties1 & p]fect ! correctness1 z mu* z possible4 ,sid5ote3 & ,pope's4 ,!y are visible ev5 9 su* writ]s z ,g>?1 betwe5 ,dryd5 & ,pope2 !y are /ill m visible 9 ,pope himself1 :51 "s decade aft] ,dryd5's dea?1 he began to publi% v]se4 ,he does n1 especially at fir/1 entirely discont9ue triplet & ,alex&r9e1 b he uses !m m & m sp>+ly1 & inde$ sne]s at ! latt]4 ,he draws ! pause m inv>iably to ! c5tre1 & sets up a m di/9ct division betwe5 ! halves ( 8 l9e4 ,:ile sep>at+ 8 c\plets m closely1 he light5s ! v[el-effects ( 8 rhymes1 s t !re %all be no temptation to l+] at c\plet-ends4 ,& ?\gh he is traditionally said to h _h a special fancy = a c\plet ( 8 :i* conta9s an almo/ inde/ructible trisyllabic foot1#ig su* feet1 z a rule1 are q smoo!d out ( 8 v]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! pr$om9ance4 ,! unmat*$ regul>ity1 h>mony 7z f> z x w5t71 & accompli%m5t ( ,pope's c\plet1 & 8 great sup]iority to all o!r poets 9 ^! respects dur+ ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? decades ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 assi/$ ! g5]al ta/e1 :i* has be5 m5tion$1 9 rais+ 8 =m ( c\plet to ! highe/ place 9 popul> e/imation1 z well z--sometimes expressly1 sometimes by a sort ( sil5t tak+ = grant$--9 =mal discussions ( poetry4 ,savage to "s ext5t1 ,*ur*ill /ill m1 & aft] him ,c[p]1 rev]t$1 z has be5 said1 to a /&>d ne>] ,dryd5's4 ,b ,johnson1 ,goldsmi?1 & o!rs1 ) ! :ole mob ( inf]ior writ]s1 foll[$ ,pope2 z did also ,crabbe1 :o ma9ta9$ ! practice ( ! =m till ! v "t ( ! appe>ance ( ,t5nyson4 ,! defects1 or at lea/ ! limitations1 ( x 7 inde$ sometimes se51 & 7 comm5t$ on1 9 /rik+ ?\gh n fully in=m$ fa%ion1 by poets l ,%5/one 9 ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury1 & ,c[p] aga9 9 ! second4 ,b x con/itut$1 none ! less1 ! or?odox mode ( ! :ole "t1 & long]2 & :51 ne>ly at ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,keats's critics f\nd fault ) 8 ignorance or mismanagem5t ( ! /ructure ( ! ,engli% h]oic l9e & c\plet1 :at !y meant 01 :e!r !y knew x or n1 t he manag$ t l9e & t c\plet diff]5tly f ,pope4 ,sid5ote3 ,eighte5?-c5tury octosyllable & anap/4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 ! /opp$ c\plet ?us gradually e/abli%$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & ex]cis$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! eighte5?1 a sort ( tyranny1 n e poet nor e metre b[$ 8 or its head to ?is4 ,ev5 9 ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5?1 poets l ,coll9s & ,gray practically %ook x (f1 ! fir/ us+ x only 9 8 e>ly & immature "w1 ! second h>dly at all4 ,!y w !re=e be res]v$ = ! next *apt]4 ,o!rs1 ?\gh us+ x1 also practis$ metres diff]5t f x1 & "s ( ^! 7 ( a "* peculi>ly suit$ to c\nt]act any bad influ5ce t x might h4 ,among ^! ! mo/ important & ! e>lie/--= bo? ( !m pass$ a consid]able portion ( _! lives 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury itself--7 ,prior & ,swift1 bo? ( :om1 b especially ,prior1 7 pr(ici5ts 9 ! ,hudibra/ic octosyllable & 9 ! new cont9u\s anap/ic4 ,! octosyllable1 ) its easy ambl+ pace1 its flu5t ov]lapp+1 & its (t5 prolong$ & fanciful rhymes1 correct$ ! some:at /iff snip-snap ( ! l>g] c\plet2 :ile ! anap/ p]emptorily br\ght back trisyllabic rhy?m1 ) all its m>vell\s refre%m5ts & advantages1 &1 if only = conv5i5ce1 sugge/$ sub/itution ( feet4#ih ,! great lit]>y au?ority & popul>ity ( ^! two poets1 & ! intr9sic *>m ( ,prior1 e/abli%$1 = metres t !y us$1 a safe position ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( decasyllabic dom9ation4 ,ev5 ,bys%e put l9es ( eight & sev5 syllables almo/ on a level ) ^? ( t5 or elev52 & ?\gh he sne]$ at anap/s1 & introduc$ !m by a s+ul> r\ndab\tness ( expression1#ii did n absolutely b> !m 9 fact4 ,sid5ote3 ,blank v]se ,blank v]se--?an :i*1 9 its p]fection1 !re is no m p[]ful gu>d & corrective z reg>ds ! possible errors ( ! /opp$ c\plet--0 n put 9 op]ation1 except by ,milton at ! v beg9n+ ( ! p]iod1 s e>ly z ^!4 ,9 fact1 z has be5 said1 x 0 ! degradation ( blank v]se1 almo/ z mu* z any?+ else :i* enc\rag$ ! gr[? ( ?is =m ( rhyme4 ,nor 0 ! all-p[]ful influ5ce ( ,milton himself at once felt1 except by a v few p]sons2#ajj :ile1 :5 x began to be felt1 x 0 n fully und]/ood4 ,attempts1 h[ev]1 7 by degrees made 9 x2#aja &1 "s sixty ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 ! beg9n+ ( ,?omson's ,seasons br\ght to be> a new1 popul>1 & p[]ful ag5cy4 ,al?\gh ,?omson may h be5 "u ! elision & apo/rophation delusions ( 8 "t1 he did n attempt to avoid :at 8 y\ng] contempor>y1 ,%5/one1 call$ virtual trisyllabic feet4 ,"o ( 8 be/ l9es1 = in/ance-- ,! yell[ wall-flwr1 /9ed ) iron-br[n1 conta9s su* a foot naturally1 ?\gh y may slur & apo/rophate x into fl['r2 & !re are endless o!rs1 ready to sugge/ !mselves to a nice e>1 :5ev] y come across su* words z pa/oral & impetu\s 9-- ,%9es o'er ! re/ ! pastrl quen1 & rays 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,impetu r%es o'er ! s\nd+ void4 ,b an ev5 m valuable effect ( blank-v]se practice 0 ! inevitable reappe>ance ( ! v]se-p>agraph1 ) its necess>y con/itu5ts ! v]se-s5t5ces & v]se-clauses1 :i* ne$ n--&1 if a good effect is to be produc$1 mu/ n--be made ( successive bat*es ( complete l9es1 /ill less ( bat*es ( equal size4 ,9 =g+ ! v]se-p>agraph1 v>iation ( pause1 ov]runn+ ( s5se z reg>ds l9e-ends1 /rong breaks 9 ! actual l9es 7a ?+ almo/ abus$ by ,?omson himself1 & q s by 8 foll[]s1 b 9 itself a cau/ic to "o ( ! evils ( c\plet v]se71 are necess>y implem5ts & mat]ials4 ,accord+ly ! /aun*e/ devotees ( ! c\plet1 su* z ,johnson1 always dislike blank v]se2 & :51 lat]1 a poet l ,c[p] takes x up1 8 action is simil>ly connect$ ) dislike to ! me*anic w>bl+ ( ! ,popian /yle4 ,9 8 h&s1 especially 9 ! late & spl5did example ( ,y>dley ,oak1 almo/ ! full ,miltonic v>iety is recov]$4 ,b always1 & ?r\gh\t its practice dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 x acts z a foil1 a relief & a refuge to & f ! limitations & re/rictions ( ! c\plet itself4 ,sid5ote3 & lyric4 ,la/ly1 a simil> enfran*is+ influ5ce 0 ex]cis$ by lyric2 b to a comp>atively limit$ ext5t4 ,! g5ius ( ! late/ sev5te5? c5tury & ( almo/ ! :ole eighte5?1 except 9 a few poets 7mo/ly to be kept z exceptions1 ) ,gray & ,coll9s1 :o 7 ( !m1 to ! next *apt]71 0 by no means lyrical4 ,! heal?ie/ influ5ce ( x 0 suppli$ by anap/ic =ms1 especially 9 light v]se4 ,p9d>ics 7 at fir/ mu* us$1 b 7 too (t5 ( a mo/ prosaic "*4 ,romance-six 0 affect$ to an almo/ surpris+ degree1 b = ! mo/ "p 9 a r ,sir ,?opas-l =m1 exact & s+-song4 ,?is 0 also ! fault ( mo/ ( ! common measure or ballad-quatra91 su* z ! well-kn[n examples ( ,p]cy & ,goldsmi?2 ?\gh ! ,reliques ( ! =m] gave bett] models 7some:at tamp]$ ) by ! editor7 =ty ye>s be=e #ahjj2 & ! miscellane\s collections ( ,durfey & ,philips _h to "s ext5t done s ne>ly z mu* e>li] /ill4 ,! ,evangelical revival1 by infus+ m passion & reality into hymns1 _h a good effect2 & :5 we come to ,c[p]1 ?is influ5c$ 8 pr(ane z well z 8 sacr$ poetry4 ,nor %\ld we omit to m5tion--z a really p[]ful c\nt]-ag5t to ! c\plet1 ) its monoton\s regul>ity1 unqualifi$ rhyme1 & s on--! irregul>ly rhy?m$ prose ( ,macph]son's ,ossian1 :i* appe>$ ab\t ! same "t z ! ,reliques1 & attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,sid5ote3 ,m]it ( eighte5?-c5tury regul>ity4 ,by all ^! ?+s1 & by ! special influ5ce ( ! poets to be m5tion$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! next *apt]1 useful te/imony 0 cont9u\sly giv51 to ! effect t1 aft] all1 ! decasyllabic c\plet1 especially 9 ! prevail+ =m1 0 n ! only metre1 nor ev5 ! only important metre1 9 ,engli%4 ,b its pr$om9ance cont9u$1 & its *>act]i/ics1 z has be5 said1 to "s ext5t infect$ or inoculat$ its rivals4 ,inoculat$ r ?an infect$1 =1 once m let x be repeat$1 ?is pr$om9ance und\bt$ly beat into ! ,engli% tongue1 e>1 & m9d a s5se ( ! importance ( real & regul> rhy?m--a s5se :i*1 = ano!r hundr$ ye>s & m1 has prev5t$1 9 ! free/ expatiation ( releas$ prosody1 any k9d ( return to ! disord] ( ! :ole fifte5? c5tury1 & 9 "s respects1 at any rate1 ( ! mid-sev5te5?4 ,,footnotes3 #ig ,lo6 :]e ,motis sleeps1 & h>dly fl[s ,! freezng ,tn is ?r\gh a wa/e ( sn[s4 ,! ,dunciad1 iii4 #hg1 #hh4 #ih ,9 ! actual case1 ( c\rse1 dissyllabic feet = trisyllabic2 b ?is c\ld n b sugge/ ! conv]se process 9 dissyllabic v]se4 ,& ! octosyllable 0 n us$ = light v]se only2 ,dy] 9 ,grong> ,hill 7#agbf7 reviv$ ! ,miltonic =m ( ,l',allegro1 etc41 ) an effect all ! m c]ta9ly excell5t1 t x 0 demurr$ to by ! mi/ak5 critics ( ! "t4 #ii ,v4 inf4 pp4 #bdb-e4 #ajj ,among :om ,"l ,roscommon des]ves hon\rable m5tion4 #aja ,z by ,watts ! hymn-writ]1 ,john ,philips1 & ,gay4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,romantic ,,revival--,,its ,,precursors ,,& ,,fir/ ,,great ,,/age ,sid5ote3 ,gray & ,coll9s4 ,we mu/ n[ take up1 some:at m m9utely1 ! ph5om5a m5tion$ 9 ! la/ *apt] z %[+ revolt aga9/1 & recov]y f1 ! p>tly b5eficial b excessive tyranny ( ! /opp$ decasyllabic c\plet4 ,^! may be consid]$1 /ill briefly b m p>ticul>ly1 "u two heads3 ! fir/ conc]n+ *iefly ! influ5ce ( individual poets--,coll9s1 ,gray1 ,*att]ton1 ,burns1 ,blake2 ! second1 ag5cies v>i\s 9 k9d & s\rce4 ,nei!r ,coll9s nor ,gray c be said to h directly attack$ ! task--?\gh ,gray at lea/ 01 z we see f 8 ,metrum1 n ignorant ( ! facts--( re-leav5+ & re-illu/rat+ prosody by an infusion ( trisyllabic sub/itution4 ,) r>e/ exceptions1 !y /ill cl+ to ! iamb z a base-foot4 ,b !y re>range its l9e-gr\ps 9 a fa%ion z ali5 z possible f t ( ! c\plet4 ,coll9s ev5 disc>ds rhyme altoge!r 9 ! quatra9s ( ,ev5+1 & 9 8 fam\s ,passions v>ies 8 con/ruction z mu* z possible )9 ! g5]al limits4 ,gray foll[s1 b improves ^u1 ,dryd5 9 ! rhym$ decasyllabic quatra92 adapts1 ) an effect some:at /iff1 b (t5 v beautiful1 ! ,greek sy/em ( /rophe1 anti/rophe1 & epode 9 ! ,progress ( ,poetry & ,! ,b>d2 employs ,romance-six ) s+ul> felicity 9 bo? s]i\s & s]io-comic v]se2 &1 ?\gh reta9+ a /rongly artificial poetic diction1 in=ms ?is ) new t\*es & _s f s\rces z a rule q clos$ to 8 contempor>ies & pr$ecessors--,norse & ,wel% z well z ,greek4 ,bo? ^! poets1 9 %ort1 disreg>d1 to a l>ge ext5t1 equality ( l9e-l5g?1 & employ mix$ rhymes4 ,n[ equality ( l9e-l5g? & /rictly consecutive rhymes 7 almo/ z de> to ! *ief lov]s ( ! c\plet z its unv>y+ syllabic arrangem5t & its regul> acc5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,*att]ton1 ,burns1 & ,blake4 ,gray1 x has be5 said1 knew sub/itution1 b did n use x2 ! ill-fat$ g5ius ( ,*att]ton n only knew x1 b us$ x4 ,x is pres5t1 & v effective1 9 ,burns2 b x 0 n ! *ief means ( good ( :i* ,burns avail$ himself 9 reg>d to prosody4 ,8 dialect1 ) its relief f ! conv5tional l+o ( eighte5?-c5tury poetry1 did mu*2 b ! =ms :i* he us$1 & especially ! fam\s ,burns metre1 did m4 ,x w\ld be almo/ impossible to devise a great] contra/ to ! c\plet2 or--s9ce 7:i* is at lea/ wor? not+7 ! six l9es ( ?is /anza conta9 exactly z _m syllables 7=ty7 z two ord9>y c\plets--to arrange ^! same numb]s 9 ways m rhy?mically diff]5t4 ,b ! fir/ eighte5?-c5tury poet ?or\ghly to und]/& & exemplify ! p[]s ( equival5ce is ,burns's slightly old] contempor>y1 ,william ,blake1 ^: ,poetical ,sket*es appe>$ z e>ly z #aghj1 :ile 8 ,songs ( ,innoc5ce & ,exp]i5ce1 & 8 rema9+ poems1 display a k ( ! secrets ( ?is equival5ce1 & a comm& ov] !m1 :i* _h n be5 %[n s9ce ,%akespe>e4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r influ5ces ( *ange4 ,blake1 h[ev]1 express$ r ?an ex]cis$ influ5ce1 = 8 poems rema9$ long almo/ unkn[n2 & x may be d\btful :e!r ev5 ! o!rs br\ght ab\t _m consci\s prosodic *anges4 ,! gradual recov]y ( k ( old] ,engli% lit]ature1 & especially ( ! ballads1 _h 9 all probability mu* m direct p[]4 ,durfey's ,pills to ,purge ,melan*oly1 ,philips's ,collection ( ,old ,ballads1 & ,p]cy's ,reliques--) con/antly increas+ editions ( ! ,elizabe?an dramati/s & o!r writ]s1 ev5 su* z ,skelton & ,occleve--c\ld n b awak5 m5's m9ds to ! fact t 7z ,gascoigne _h put x 9 a matt] closely connect$ if n absolutely id5tical7 we _h us$ 9 times pa/ o!r k9ds ( metres ?an ! /opp$ c\plet4 ,& t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury revolt ( v>i\s k9ds appe>$--copi\s ?\gh usually v tame ballad2 multipli$ blank v]se ( ! usual k9d2 & 79 imitation p>tly ( "s old] ,engli% models & ( ,coll9s1 p>tly ( ! ,g]man7 rhymeless v]se ( diff]5t sorts1 ! *ief e>ly practition] ( :i* 0 ,frank ,say]s ( ,norwi*1 a physician & man ( lett]s :o 0 m influ5tial on o!rs ?an important 9 himself4 ,b[les 7aft] ,w>ton1 ^: ,hi/ory ( ,poetry work$ 9 ! same direction7 re9troduc$ ! sonnet4 ,william ,taylor1 ano!r memb] ( ! ,norwi* gr\p1 reviv$ 7aga9 aft] ! ,g]man7 ,engli% hexamet]s2 & ?\gh ,hayley1 ,d>w91 & o!rs cont9u$ ! eighte5?-c5tury c\plet un*ang$1 ! _s ( ! y\? ( ! p]iod 0 cle>ly t5d+ 9 a diff]5t direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,wordswor?1 ,s\!y1 & ,scott4 ,( ! f\r great *ampions ( reaction :o 7 born ab\t #aggj1 ,wordswor?1 ?\gh he illu/rates ! *ange g5]ally1 & nev]1 9 8 pr9cipal "w1 uses ! /opp$ c\plet1 is n v noticeable prosodically4#ajb ,! ?ree o!rs are1 9 diff]5t ways1 ( ! fir/ importance4 ,s\!y1 z e>ly z #agif1 n m]ely practis$1 b1 :i* is mu* m1 practis$ delib]ately1 & def9itely def5d$ 9 a lett] to an object+ fri5d1 ! use ( ?ree syllables = two4 ,moreov] 7n conf9+ himself to ! ballad metre1 :i* he _h employ$ & :i* he 0 specially ju/ify+71 he alleg$ ! practice ( ,milton1 frankly /igmatis+ z asses ! editors :o _h endeav\r$ to disguise ?is practice z elision4 ,scott--assi/$ p]haps to "s ext5t by he>+ a recitation or read+ ( ,col]idge's unpubli%$ ,*ri/abel1 b und\bt$ly also foll[+#ajc ! example ( ! innum]able ballad- & romance-writ]s ) :om he 0 almo/ bett] acqua9t$ ?an any o!r man 9 ,brita9--produc$ fir/ ballad-pieces1 & !n1 9 & aft] ,! ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel1 cont9u\s n>rative poems ( great l5g?1 = ! mo/ "p c\*$ 9 equival5c$ octosyllables1 b (t5 mu* v>i$ 9 rhyme-arrangem5t & div]sifi$ by %ort] & long] l9es4 ,& !re is no d\bt t ! enorm\s popul>ity ( ^! poems ( 8 did m ?an any?+ else to famili>ise ! public e> ) metres & cad5ces z diff]5t z possible f ! c\plet4 ,sid5ote3 ,col]idge4 ,b ! influ5ce ( ,col]idge1 indep5d5t ( t indirectly appli$ ?r\gh ,scott1 0 ! mo/ important ( all4 ,x 0 inde$ n 7z x %\ld h be57 exhibit$1 at once & 9 bulk1 by ! simultane\s publication ( ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] & ,*ri/abel1 ! latt] ( :i*1 ?\gh1 at lea/ 9 great "p1 writt5 at ! same "t z ! =m]1 0 sep>at$ f x 9 publication by ne>ly tw5ty ye>s4 ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] itself is 9 ballad metre1 b ballad metre treat$ 9 ! free/ possible fa%ion1 n only ) equival5ce us$ at pleasure 9 individual l9es1 b ) ! f\r l9es ( ! /rict quatra9 ext5d$ to five1 or any numb] up to n9e--!reby increas+ & v>y+ ! /anza-effect 9 ! wide/ possible mann]1 ?\gh nev] exp&+ x into positive p>agraphs4 ,m important /ill1 because m app>5tly novel1 ?\gh x _h be5 9 fact prelud$ bo? by ,*att]ton & ,blake1 & _h be5 recognis$ by ,gray 9 ! "w ( ,sp5s]1 0 ! use1 9 ,*ri/abel1 ( cont9u\s octosyllabic c\plets1 only sometimes1 & r>ely1 brok5 into /anza1 b con/antly equival5c$ & frequ5tly v>i$ by %ort] l9es4 ,( ^!1 ,col]idge himself gave 9 8 preface a curi\sly inadequate acc\nt1 reg>d+ !m--or at lea/ giv+ !m out--z con/ruct$ on ! pr9ciple ( c\nt+ only ! acc5ts4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 9 fact foll[ ! /ricte/ foot-division1 & h be5 ! patt]n ( all simil> v]ses1 ) equival5t sub/itution1 s9ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,moore4 ,moore1 :o comes 9 po9t ( date betwe5 ?is gr\p & ! second great trio ( ,byron1 ,%elley1 & ,keats1 is v important prosodically4 ,s9ce ! e>li] sev5te5? c5tury at late/1 music1 ?\gh x _h _h mu* & r delet]i\s influ5ce on !ories ( ,engli% prosody1 _h _h little on its practice1 a few light ?+s except$4 ,b ,moore 0 an accompli%$ musician bo? 9 !ory & practice1 9 composition & 9 execution2 he belong$ to a race di/+ui%$ = song-gift2 & ! great majority ( 8 almo/ innum]able lyrics 7 directly compos$ = old airs or adapt$ to new4 ,! consequ5ce 01 almo/ inevitably1 t !y pres5t a v>iety ( cad5ce & rhy?m :i* _h h>dly ev] be=e be5 se54 ,occasionally ?is v>iety ov]/eps ! b\nds ( pure prosody1 all[+1 z 9 ! well-kn[n ,evele5's ,b[]1#ajd a syllable :i*1 correspond+ to an appoggiatura 9 music1 requires1 9 /rict scansion1 to be slurr$ or else to be consid]$ extra-metrical1 z 9 ! ,song to a ,portuguese ,air1#aje & o!rs1 fur!r lic5ces4 ,he 0 himself aw>e ( ?is1 & x did little h>m2 :ile ! tunefulness ( 8 trisyllabic measures1 & ! great range ( brok5 & cuttit l9e-arrangem5ts :i* 8 "w pres5t$1 7 bo? ( ! fir/ importance 9 promot+ v>iety & fre$om ( metrical arrangem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,byron4 ,8 exp]tness 9 ! two arts1 h[ev]1 & 8 con/ant comb9ation ( !m1 z well z p]haps 8 inf]iority 7?\gh ?is is only relative7 9 /rictly poetical p[]1 some:at r$uce ,moore's importance z comp>$ ) t ( ,byron1 ,%elley1 & ,keats4 ,! fir/-nam$ 0 ! lea/ ( ! ?ree 9 prosody1 z 9 poetry2 b 8 prosodic m]its h1 z a rule1 be5 f> und]valu$1 ev5 by 8 ador]s z a poet4 ,he affect$1 & p]haps really to "s ext5t felt1 mu* great] admiration = ! eighte5?-c5tury poets1 & = ^? :o ma9ly or p>tly foll[$ !m 9 8 own "t1 ?an = ! innovators ( ! ,romantic s*ool2 & he himself wrote ! /ock c\plet ) correctness & vig\r4 ,b he *ose = 8 pr9cipal s]i\s poem1 ,*ilde ,h>old1 ! ,sp5s]ian1 :i* regul> classical critics _h always dislik$2 &1 ?\gh he nev] a*iev$ its prop] "*1 did f9ely 9 x sometimes1 & und\bt$ly re/or$ its popul>ity4 ,aga91 he *ose = 8 greate/ s]io-comic pieces1 ,beppo & ,don ,juan1 ! ottava2 :ile 8 m9or tales 7 9 ,scott-,*ri/abel octosyllables4 ,9 lyric1 too1 he %[$ v>i$ p[]1 & once turn$#ajf :at _h be5 a burlesque be=e 9 its exact1 & a v s+-song metre 9 its re/rict$1 =m into a ?+ ( rem>kable prosodic beauty1 to be made m beautiful /ill by ,pra$ & ,mr4 ,sw9burne4 ,8 mo/ consummate prosodic a*ievem5t is und\bt$ly ! above-m5tion$ octave ( ,don ,juan1 :i* c h>dly be surpass$1 ei!r 9 suitability to its subject1 or 9 ! way 9 :i* ! p>ticul> *>act]i/ics ( ! metre itself are br\ght out4 ,sid5ote3 ,%elley3 8 long] poems4 ,b ! greate/ poets are naturally1 & almo/ inevitably1 ! greate/ prosodi/s2 & ?is 0 well se5 9 ! case ( ! two :om we h yet to m5tion1 ,%elley & ,keats1 :o also pres5t a valuable & int]e/+ contra/ 9 ?is z 9 o!r ways4 ,x is probable t 9 all cases ,%elley began ) direct ?\gh n /udi\s imitation4 ,8 e>ly & almo/ wor?less poems 7 bas$ on ,monk ,lewis & o!rs ( t type2 8 fir/ /rik+ ?+1 ! op5+ ( ,que5 ,mab1 is a sort ( v>iation on t ( ,s\!y's ,?alaba2 & 8 fir/ great poem1 ,ala/or1 _h ,wordswor? evid5tly be=e x2 :ile ,laon & ,cy?na 7,! ,revolt ( ,islam7 w\ld probably n h be5 9 ,sp5s]ians if ,*ilde ,h>old _h n adopt$ !m1 nor p]haps ,! ,wit* ( ,atlas 9 octaves b = ,beppo4 ,yet1 z soon z he has atta9$ poetic gift1 he goes (f f 8 models entirely1 &1 )\t mu* app>5t c>e = preconceiv$ =ms1 a*ieves ! mo/ m>vell\s beauty 9 :atev] he t\*es4 ,9 ,prome!us ,unb\nd especially1 ! blank-v]se dialogue1 & ! abundant lyrical *oruses & int]ludes1 n only exhibit :olly a/oni%+ v>iety & individual excell5ce1 b adapt !mselves to ea* o!r1 z n[h]e else 9 drama4 ,! ,sp5s]ians ( ,adonais1 tak+ "s lib]ties1 atta91 at _! be/1 absolute p]fection2 ( ! octosyllabic c\plets1 %ort5$ or n 9 sev]al m9or poems1 almo/ z mu* may be said2 & ! octaves ( ,! ,wit* ( ,atlas 7) ! v be/ ( ,keats's ,isabella7 are ! greate/ examples ( t metre 9 ,engli% = s]i\s use4 ,he ev5 tries ! (t5 fail$-9 t]za rima1 & does beautiful ?+s 9 x1 ?\gh p]haps n su* beautiful examples ( x4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 lyrics4 ,b x is 9 8 lyrics t ,%elley's prosodic1 l 8 poetic1 p[] %[s highe/4 ,^? 9 ,prome!us ,unb\nd h be5 spok5 (2 b ! num]\s & glori\s %ort & sep>ate pieces defy enum]ation or specification "h4 ,! two popul> fav\rites1 ,! ,cl\d & ,! ,skyl>k1 w\ld ea* s]ve z a text = an exempl>y lecture on ,engli% prosody1 & a doz5 o!rs1 ) doz5s m add$ to !m1 w\ld d ! same4 ,none is ev] really irregul>3 to say1 z has be5 said ( ,! ,cl\d1 t x defies ord9>y scansion1 is simply to say t ! speak] does n und]/& ei!r ! poem or ord9>y scansion1 or bo? 7see above1 ,book ,i4 p4 #ajj74 ,b almo/ all exhibit1 9 endless v>iety ( relief & col\r1 ! great laws ( equival5ce & sub/itution1 & ! enorm\s advantage ( v>i$ & ev5 complicat$ metre1 rhyme1 l9e-l5g?1 & /anza-arrangem5t4 ,%elley nev] seems to h /udi$ metre mu*1 &1 z has be5 said1 8 fir/ patt]n is ! m]e/ />t+-po9t = him4 ,b he t\*es none t he does n adorn2 none t he does n make matt] ( delight2 & none1 likewise1 9 :i* he does n supply a text = inf9ite te*nical in/ruction z well4 ,sid5ote3 ,keats4 ,! case ( ,keats is curi\sly diff]5t4 ,he too--z inde$ practically ev]ybody does--beg9s ) imitation1 b x is imitation ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,*apman1 ,sp5s]1 ! sonnete]s1 ! ,jacobean poets probably1 ,leigh ,hunt c]ta9ly1 supply him n m]ely ) h9ts & s5d-(fs1 b ) c>efully /udi$ models4 ,he hits1 9 consequ5ce1 fir/ 9 8 ,juv5ilia & !n 9 ,endymion1 ^u a v mu* enjamb$ =m ( decasyllabic c\plet--a =m oppos$ to all ! traditions ( ,pope1 & deem$ horrible by ! or?odox critics ( ! day4 ,b he sees = himself ! defect ( ?is1 & applies himself e>ne/ly to ! /udy ( ,dryd5 & ,milton z tonics & a/r+5ts4 ,! results are ! f9e1 less flu5t1 /ill slightly ov]run1 b triplet$ & ,alex&r9$ h]oics ( ,lamia1 & ! spl5did blank v]se ( ,hyp]ion4 ,b he has n conf9$ himself to ^!1 or to _! lessons2 & he has nev] conf9$ himself to ! m]e lessons ( any poet or ( any p]iod4 ,he produces 9 turn ! t\*+ octaves ( ,isabella2 ! magnific5t ,sp5s]ians ( ,! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes2 ! ,sonnets1 mo/ ( !m among ! f9e/ examples ( ! =m 9 ,engli%2 ! v>i$ /anza-measures ( ! ,odes2 ! unique ballad adaptation#ajg ( ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci2 & la/ly1 two =ms ( octosyllabic c\plet--! ma9ly catalectic or sev5-syllabl$ =m ( "s e>li] poems1 & ! complete "o ( ,! ,eve ( ,/4 ,m>k1 :i* ov]leaps all o!r examples back to ,g[]1 picks out ! f9e/ qualities ( ,g[]'s own =m1 & re>ranges !m 9 an example unf9i%$ 9 itself1 b s]v+ z a guide1 9 ! production ( a great body ( f9i%$ & admirable "w1 to ! late ,mr4 ,william ,morris4 ,9 no poet is ! lesson--:i* x 0 ! bus9ess ( ?is g5]ation to exemplify1 & %\ld be ( ?is *apt] to exp\nd--( ord]$ v>iety1 9 foot1 9 l9e1 9 /anza1 m triumphantly %[n4 ,,footnotes3 #ajb ,8 greate/ prosodic a*ievem5t is also 8 greate/ a*ievem5t 9 poetry1 ! ,immortality ,ode4 ,b1 ?\gh he v>ies l9e-l5g? admirably1 ! prevail+ rhy?m is m]ely iambic2 & :51 9 /anza #d1 he tries to v>y x1 ! effect is v un=tunate4 #ajc ,scott 0 a debtor = some?+ z well to ,monk ,lewis4 ,see ,li/ ( ,poets1 ,book ,,iv4 #ajd nd wpt bhnd ? cluds 'er ? midn's %me4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,?t /9 pn ? snw f fir vlen's fame4 #aje ,:]e ?ree l9es l ! foll[+ occur3 ,%uld ?se fnd hpes 'er frske ?e1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,:* nw s swetly ?y hart mply1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 n ur ?r%ld wlcme /ll fund4 & are q irreconcilable4 #ajf ,9 ! ,haidee song4 ,v4 sup4 ,scann$ ,conspectus1 ,,xliv4 #ajg ,) long measure1 b ) ! la/ l9e cut d[n to a monomet]3 :at c ail !e1 knight-at-arms1 ,alone & palely loit]+8 ,! s$ge has )er$ f ! lake1 ,& no birds s+4 ,?is la/ l9e be+ sometimes exquisitely equival5c$ 9 ! fir/ foot3 nd hr yes wre wld4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 n ? cld hill side4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,la/ ,,/age--,,t5nyson ,,to ,,sw9burne ,sid5ote3 ,f ,keats to ,t5nyson4 ,! lesson ( ! la/ *apt]1 if prop]ly le>nt1 w h %[n ! sub/itution ( a m really correct1 because wid] & fre]1 view ( ,engli% prosody ?an t :i* _h produc$ ! n>r[ & bl9k]$ pseudo-correctness ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! way 9 :i* ?is ext5sion 01 :e!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 utilis$ by ! great poets ( #agih-ahcj4 ,consci\sly1 h[ev]1 ?is lesson 0 n le>nt by all ( ^! poets !mselves2 yet x spread1 & rapidly became ! g5]al1 if n yet ! ackn[l$g$1 pr9ciple ( ,engli% poetry4 ,x is obs]vable 9 mo/ & 9 all ! be/ ( :at h be5 call$ ! ,int]m$iates--! poets :o 7 born betwe5 #agij & #ahaj1 su* z ,b$does & ,d>ley1#ajh ,macaulay & ,pra$4 ,b 9 ,t5nyson at once & 9 ,br[n+--! "o born j be=e1 ! o!r j aft]1 ! end ( ! fir/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury--x manife/s itself 9 ! mo/ unmi/akable degree2 s mu* s1 inde$1 z to h actually puzzl$1 if n %ock$1 ,col]idge himself1 ! greate/ re/or] ( its ma9spr+4 ,t5nyson's fir/ volumes are op5 to _m j criticisms4 ,b if ! /ud5t w turn to ! scann$ examples ( ! ,hollyhock ,song & ! ,dy+ ,swan giv5 previ\sly1 he w see t ! "y poet1 s f> f hav+ begun to write )\t kn[+ v well :at metre is1 _h begun ) an almo/ absolutely p]fect k ( x1 :atev] 8 %ortcom+s 9 o!r matt]s might be4#aji ,sid5ote3 ,t5nyson himself4 ,! v>iety ( metres 9 :i* ?is accompli%m5t 0 %[n 0 extraord9>y1 & 0 no d\bt felt by contempor>ies to be bewild]+4 ,ev5 f ! poets ( ! fir/ ,romantic s*ool !y _h be5 pr9cipally 7?\gh ( c\rse n entirely7 accu/om$ to l9es ( ! same l5g?1 c\*$ 9 m or less uni=m metre ?r\gh\t4 ,! pieces :i* compos$ ! two volumes ( #ahcj & #ahcb1 ev5 be=e !y 7 revis$ & augm5t$ 9 #ahdb1 conta9$ a great] v>iety ( metres ?an _h be5 se5 9 ! same bulk ( "w ( any s+le ,engli% poet f ,*auc] to ,keats4 ,!re 0 blank v]se1 if n at fir/ q ( ! absolute p]fection :i* x rea*$ t5 ye>s lat]1 ( a new & rem>kable patt]n1 adju/+ ! ,miltonic p>agraph to a mu* m flu5t movem5t1 & q disc>d+ ! ,?omsonian /iffness4 ,!re 7 ,sp5s]ians 79 ! op5+ ( ! ,lotos-,eat]s7 ( ! v be/ k9d4 ,!re 0 a little v f9e decasyllabic c\plet4 ,b ! great majority ( ! poems 7 lyrics1 c\*$ 9 a dazzl+ v>iety ( metres4 ,x 0 n only t ! poet exp&$ ! app>5t b n real irregul>ity ( ,%akespe>e into examples su* z ! two not$ above4 ,x 0 n m]ely t1 z 9 ! ,lotos-,eat]s itself & ,! ,vision ( ,s91#aaj he arrang$ diff]5t metres 9 ! same piece on ! pr9ciples ( an elaborate musical symphony4 ,! way 9 :i* he h&l$ metres previ\sly kn[n mu/ h />tl$--inde$ we "k t x did />tle--! precisians /ill m4 ,sid5ote3 ,special example ( 8 manipulation ( ! quatra94 ,a good in/ance ( ?is is ! ?reefold reh&l+ ( ! old decasyllabic quatra91 famili> to ev]ybody f ,dryd5's ,annus ,mirabilis & ,gray's ,elegy4 ,?is quatra9 itself1 z a consequ5ce ( its gravity1 is r apt to be monoton\s4 ,simple %ort5+ ( ! ev5 v]ses gives r bett] outl9e1 b n mu* less--9 fact ev5 great]--monotony4 ,9 ?ree diff]5t poems ,t5nyson h&les x 9 ?ree diff]5t ways4 ,! ,poet#aaa is c\*$ 9 #aj1 #f1 #aj1 #d1 giv+ a succ9ct & r s5t5ti\s metre1 :i* suits admirably = ! %>ply cut cumulative phrases ( t f9e piece4 ,b1 by ?is %ort5+1 t5 syllables1 ! equival5t ( a :ole l9e1 7 lo/2 & ?is gave too little room = description1 & especially = ! s]ies ( pictures1 9 sc5e- or figure-pa9t+1 :i* =m s l>ge a "p ( ! o!r two poems & communicate to !m su* extraord9>y *>m4 ,s1 9 ! ,palace ( ,art1 ,t5nyson ek$ ! /anza1 ext5d+ ! second l9e to eights & ! fif? to sixes4#aab ,?is1 besides actually giv+ a little m room1 admits m v>i$ f+]+1 toge!r ) an effect ( outl9e1 :i* is wond]fully attractive--a tap]1 b ) a swell 9 x4 ,9 ! ,dream ( ,fair ,wom5--m n>rative & ) l>g] aims--he want$ m space /ill1 & a =m t w\ld l9k itself bett]4 ,he gets ?is by keep+ ?ree decasyllables ) a f9al six4#aac ,?is is an exce$+ly cunn+ z well z beautiful device1 =1 on ! "o h&1 ! l>ge majority ( decasyllables1 bat*$ 9 ?rees1 assi/s ! n>rative effect1 :i* is always h>d to a*ieve ) /anzas ( v irregul> outl9e2 &1 on ! o!r1 ! %ort f9al l9e s]ves at once z f9ial to ! individual /anza1 & h+e to jo9 x to ! next4 ,_m examples c\ld be giv51 & may be f\nd 9 ! l>g] ,hi/ory1 b ^! w suffice1 ) ! addition t ,t5nyson cont9u$ 8 exp]im5tation to ! v la/1 z 9 ! rem>kable metre ( ,kapiolani1 & t 8 h&l+ ( blank v]se1 l ,%akespe>e1 became almo/ p]il\s 9 its fre$om1 by ! temptation t x (f]$ to o!rs to trav]se ! b\nds1 ?\gh he himself nev] actually did s4 ,sid5ote3 ,br[n+4 ,br[n+1 :o 0 to illu/rate ! prosodic lesson ( ! c5tury )1 if possible1 an ev5 great] v>iety1 did n exactly beg9 9 t direction2 ?\gh 8 prosodic practice 0 almo/ equally indep5d5t aft] ! v fir/4 ,t v fir/--,paul9e--%[$ a di/9ct ef=t to imitate ! blank v]se ( ,%elley2 & ?is 0 cont9u$1 ?\gh ) m idiosyncrasy1 9 ! dramatically arrang$1 b n really dramatic1 ,p>acelsus1 :i* _h1 h[ev]1 "o or two beautiful lyrics ( a k9d also to "s ext5t ,%elleyan4 ,! blank v]se 9 ^! two is n mu* equival5c$1 nor ev5 v mu* enjamb$1 b x runs ) a peculi> brea?lessness f v]se to v]se1 ev5 if ea* be fairly complete 9 itself4 ,& ?is brea?lessness cont9ues--be+1 inde$1 ! ma9 s\rce ( ! mu*-talk$-( obscurity ( ! piece--9 ,sordello4 ,"h ! c\plet us$ is utt]ly oppos$ to t ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 b1 once m1 x is by no means ! enjamb$ v>iety ( ! sev5te5?4 ,x is almo/ a k9d to itself1 progress+ 9 imm5se involv$ p>agraphs 7(t5 l>gely p>5!tic7 aft] a fa%ion :i* almo/ dr[ns ! rhyme1 ev5 if !re be def9ite /ops at ! end ( ! v]ses4 ,=tunately1 aft] ?is1 9 ,bells & ,pomegranates1 he devot$ a l>ge "p ( 8 att5tion to lyric1 9 :i* he produc$ examples exquisite 9 quality & inexhau/ible 9 v>iety4#aad ,8 octosyllables 9 ,*ri/mas ,eve & ,ea/] ,day are d>+ly equival5c$1 & rhym$ /ill m d>+ly1 b v effective2 & mu* lat]1 9 ,fif9e at ! ,fair1 he almo/ succe$$ 9 mak+ ! cont9u\s ,alex&r9e a real success4 ,b ! bulk ( 8 imm5se "w 9 lat] days 0 writt5 9 blank v]se1 z /rongly equival5c$ z 8 octosyllables4 ,br[n+ 0 nev] an incorrect prosodi/2 ev5 8 rhymes1 ?\gh frequ5tly extravagant1 are almo/ always def5sible2 & x is a vulg> error to ?9k him ev5 r\gh 9 v]se1 ?\gh he 0 s 9 diction4 ,b he1 once m1 pu%$ ! lesson ( v>iety to its extreme 9 "o way4 ,sid5ote3 ,mrs4 ,br[n+4 ,8 wife1 bo? be=e & aft] %e became 8 wife1 gave a ?ird important example ( ?is att5tion to lyric1 & ?is det]m9ation to give x ! mo/ multitud9\s & orig9al =ms4 ,%e _h "o un=tunate1 & inde$ disgu/+1 prosodic defect--a tol]ation (1 if n a positive pref]5ce =1 really atroci\s rhymes4 ,b h] e> = metre 0 q diff]5tly tun$1 & (t5 exquisite2 ?\gh 7z 0 n ! case ) h] husb&7 h] bad rhymes1 &1 z 0 ! case ) him1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t way1 h] extravagant diction1 sometimes creat$ a false idea ( metrical c>elessness4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat!w ,arnold4 ,b1 9 a way1 ! mo/ rem>kable witness to ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! p]iod 0 to be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,arnold1 :o disapprov$ ( ,t5nyson1 & mu/ 7?\gh p]sonal fri5d%ip seems to h prev5t$ him f say+ s7 h disapprov$ ( ! ,br[n+s /ill m4 ,= all ,mr4 ,arnold's classical ta/es1 9 diff]5t s5ses ( t ^w1 he became romantic 9 8 v>iety ( lyric =ms1 9 8 h&l+ ( !m1 9 8 deal+ ) ! c\plet1 & 9 ! adoption ( elaborate /anza =ms = 8 long] poems4 ,only 8 blank v]se is ( some:at classical patt]n1 & ( ?is he did n write v mu*4 ,sid5ote3 ,lat] poets--,! ,rosettis4 ,9 ! poets :o specially repres5t ! la/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7)1 9 "o case & ! *ief ( all1 an actual ext5sion ov] ne>ly ! :ole ( ! fir/ decade ( ! tw5tie?7--& :o consi/$ ma9ly ( ! s*ool (t51 ?\gh n v accurately1 call$ ,pre-,raphaelite--^! t5d5cies are exhibit$ to a /ill great] ext5t1 & 9 "s cases1 beyond all d\bt1 consci\sly foll[$ & elaborat$4 ,9 ,dante & ,*ri/9a ,rossetti1 bro!r & si/]--m rem>kable = g5ius p]haps ?an any bro!r & si/] 9 hi/ory1 lit]>y or o!r1--b especially 9 ! bro!r1 ! ,italian & ,engli% elem5ts bl5d$4 ,dante %[$1 ?\gh 9 great v>iety1 m ( ! ,italian t5d5cy to sl[ & /ately music2 ,*ri/9a1 m ( ! ,engli% to light & rapid movem5t z well4 ,b bo? ?or\ghly ma/]$ ! secrets ( equival5ce1 z well z ^? ( l>gely brok5 & v>iegat$ l9e-l5g? & /anza-arrangem5t4 ,! sonnets ( bo? are ! f9e/1 on :at is call$ ! ,italian model1 9 our language1 & ,*ri/9a's comm&1 bo? ( simple song metres & ( regul> %ort v]se--almo/ ,skeltonic 9 app>5t "*1 b f> ap>t f dogg]el--is specially noticeable4 ,%e is inde$ "o ( ! mo/ d>+ ( exp]im5t]s 9 metrical lic5ce1 b1 ev5 m ?an ,br[n+'s1 h] v]se1 ) all its audacity1 nev] transgresses ! laws ( prosodic music4#aae ,e>li] to appe> ?an ,rossetti1 except 9 little-read p]iodicals1 b a y\ng] man1 0 ,william ,morris1 ^: place 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% prosody is a v important "o4 ,9 8 fir/ book1 ,! ,def5ce ( ,gu5ev]e1 he tri$1 ) rem>kable success1 a v l>ge numb] ( lyrical metres1 sometimes exhibit+ great orig9ality ( sub/itution4 ,he pass$ f ?is to a /ill m rem>kable revival ( ! enjamb$ decasyllabic c\plet 9 ,! ,life & ,dea? ( ,jason & "p ( ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 foll[+ n s mu* ,keats z ! be/ ( ! e>ly sev5te5?-c5tury examples4 ,) ?is1 9 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise itself1 he comb9$ octosyllabic c\plet ( almo/ m exceptional quality /ill--v little equival5c$1 b v>i$ by pause & f+]+ 9 a mann] :i* only ,g[] 9 8 v f9e/ passage1 & ,keats 9 ! fragm5t ( ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,m>k1 _h a*iev$4 ,he also wrote excell5t rhyme-royal4 ,9 ,love is ,en\gh1 besides _m m beautiful lyrical devices1 he endeav\r$ a sort ( allit]ative semi-metrical rhy?m ( fifte5?-c5tury k9d1 :i* has n pleas$ e "o2 b 9 ,sigurd ! ,volsung1 :ile /ill hov]+ ab\t ! same p]iod1 he pit*$ ^u "o ( ! num]\s arrangem5ts ( ! f\rte5] & p]fect$ x into a ?or\ghly great metre4#abd ,sid5ote3 ,mr4 ,sw9burne4 ,al?\gh n an arti/ 9 q s _m k9ds ( v]se z ,morris1 & conf9+ himself z a rule to /rict metre1 ,alg]non ,*>les ,sw9burne 01 h[ev]1 by f> ! greate/ metri/ ( ?is gr\p & "t1 & "o ( ! greate/ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% poetry4 ,9 8 copi\s critical "w he did n be/[ mu* explicit att5tion on matt]s prosodic2 b :5 he did1 made important rem>ks1 & once gave "o ( ! mo/ important to be f\nd def9itely express$ by any ,engli% poet4 ,?is 0 to ! effect1 t ,engli% w\ld always l5d itself readily & successfully to any comb9ations ( iamb1 tro*ee1 or anap/1 nev] to ^? ( dactyl & spondee4 ,he himself produc$ magnific5t v]se :i* looks l dactylic hexamet] or elegiac1 b is really 7& 0 meant by him =7 anap/ic "w ) anacrusis & catalexis4 ,he wrote beautiful *oriambics & m beautiful ,sapphics4 ,b ^!1 at lea/ ! la/ two1 7 m]ely exp]im5ts & t\rs de =ce4 ,he also exp]im5t$ 9 ! artificial ,fr5* =ms 7v4 inf474 ,b 8 pr9cipal "w 0 /raight=w>d composition 9 ! direct l9es ( ! ,engli% poetical inh]itance1 utilis+ to ! utmo/ all ! lib]ties ( equival5ce & sub/itution on ! pr9ciples ( ,t5nyson1 b nev] abus+ !m1 & in=m+ p>ticul> metres ) a _s t made !m entirely 8 own4 ,8 blank v]se1 ?\gh sometimes exce$+ly f9e1 0 also sometimes a little too voluble2 & ( 8 c\plets mu* ! same may be said 9 bo? ways4 ,b 9 lyric--giv+ t ^w ! wide/ possible ext5sion--he is unsurpass$ z to v>iety & individuality ( practice1 :ile1 9 two /rik+ cases1 he made improvem5ts ( ! mo/ rem>kable k9d on previ\s improvem5ts made by o!rs4#abe ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! fre% adaptation 7aft] ,fitz,gerald1 b ) an important diff]5ce7 ( ! decasyllabic quatra9 9 ,laus ,v5]is4 ,! translator ( ,om> ,khayym _h1 ) great effect1 made ! fir/1 second1 & f\r? l9es rhyme toge!r1 leav+ ! ?ird entirely blank4 ,mr4 ,sw9burne made ! ?ird l9e ( ea* ( 8 pairs ( quatra9s rhyme z well1 a completion ( ! music :i* has a v f9e effect4 ,& a /ill great] a*ievem5t 0 ! %ort5+ ( ! la/ l9e ( ! ,pra$ ,metre1 :i* makes "o ( ! mo/ beautiful arrangem5ts to be f\nd 9 ,engli%4 ,b x is p]haps only 9 ^! two t ev5 guidance ( any def9ite k9d c be assign$4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! prosodic effect is produc$ by orig9al ext5sion ( ! g5]al laws1 & by entirely individual f+]+ ( p>ticul> metres4 ,no?+ 9 ! :ole range ( ,engli% poetry is m rem>kable ?an ! h&l+1 9 ?is way1 ( ! ord9>y ,long ,measure ) alt]nate r$undance 9 ,at a ,mon?'s ,end2#abf & ! examples ( o!r v>i$ metres1 also giv5 bel[1 w complete ! exposition1 z f> z x c be done 9 any?+ b a monograph ( great ext5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!rs4 ,_m poets1 9 ! lat] ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 h be5 rem>kable = prosodic accompli%m5t2 b1 except 9 ! outside dep>tm5t ( exp]im5t 9 quantitative & classical metres1 !y h r>ely t\*$ pr9ciple4 ,ar?ur ,e4 ,o',%aughnessy#abg & ,james ,?omson ! ,second %[$ extraord9>y pr(ici5cy1 ! fir/ 9 ! m rapid1 ! second 9 ! /ateli] v>iation ( metre4 ,canon ,dixon1 :o 0 sometimes extremely happy 9 lyric1#abh wrote1 9 ,mano1 ! "o long ,engli% poem 9 t]za rima1 b )\t remov+ ! objections :i* seem to hold1 9 our language1 aga9/ ! arrangem5t t is s magnific5t 9 ! ,div9a ,comm$ia4 ,9 ! late 'sev5ties a fancy came 91 & rema9$ = "s "t1 ( reviv+ ! artificial ,fr5* 7& to "s ext5t ,engli%7 metres ( ! fifte5? & e>li] c5turies--ballades1 rondeaux1 triolets1 etc4 ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?1 :5 he employ$ v]se & n prose1 us$ a consid]able numb] ( odd measures unusually rhy?m$1 z well z o!rs p]fectly adju/$ to ! dem&s ( ! e>4 ,mr4 ,h5ley & o!rs c>ri$ on ! rhymeless revival f ,mr4 ,arnold1 & yet o!rs1 su* z ! late ,mr4 ,john ,davidson1 :ile us+ rhyme revil$ x4 ,a few attempts h rec5tly be5 made at /ress-metres--rebelli\s to any uni=m sy/em ( scansion1 ev5 ) full lib]ty ( sub/itution1 &1 9 fact1 irregul>ly rhy?m$ prose4 ,b no?+ really good & unque/ionably poetic has be5 produc$ :i* w n obey ! pr9ciples set =? 9 ?is treatise1 & ev]y?+ really good has furni%$ fre% illu/rations ( !m4#abi ,,footnotes3 #ajh ,especially 9 ^! two1 z "h3 ,half ,alex4 ,w9ds f ? ,w/1 arise6 ,alex4 ,hesp]n blm/ irs1 ,o waft back ^? sweet sighs ,dec4 c\plet4 ,to h] t brea!s !m f h] own pure skies1 ,dew-dropp+1 mixt ) ,dawn's engolden$ dyes ,half ,alex4 ,o'er my unhappy eyes6 ,f\rte5]4 ,f primrose b$ & will[ bank :]e y\r moss cradle lies4 ,alex4 ,o6 f y\r ru%y b[]s to waft back h] sweet sighs-- ,half ,alex4 ,w9ds ( ! ,we/1 arise6 7,,d>ley47 ,if ?\ wilt ease ?9e he>t ,( love & all its sm>t1 ,!n sleep1 de>1 sleep2 ,& n a sorr[ ,hang any te> on y\r eyela%es2 ,lie /ill & deep1 ,sad s\l1 until ! sea-wave wa%es ,! rim ' ? sn t-mrr[ ,9 ea/ern sky4 7,,b$does47 ,! r$undant syllables are specially m>k$ (f "h1 to br+ out _! contra/ ) ! acatalectic l9es4 #aji ,macaulay's prosody is mo/ly pla9 sail+2 b 9 ,! ,la/ ,buccane] he has 7p]haps foll[+ ,moore7 attempt$ a r unusual rhy?m4 ,see ,hi/4 ,pros4 iii4 #ace-acg4 ,= ,pra$ v4 sup4 p4 #aad4 #aaj ,?is did n appe> till #ahdb4 #aaa ,! poet 9 a gold5 clime 0 born1 ,) gold5 />s above2 ,d[]'d ) ! hate ( hate1 ! scorn ( scorn1 ,! love ( love4 #aab ,i built my s\l a lordly pleasure-h\se1 ,:]e9 at ease = aye to dwell4 ,i said1 ,o ,s\l1 make m]ry & c>\se1 ,de> s\l1 = all is well4 #aac ,i read1 be=e my eyelids dropt _! %ade1 ,! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 long ago ,sung by ! morn+ /> ( song1 :o made ,8 music he>d bel[4 #aad ,a few examples may be giv53-- 7#a7 ,oh he>t6 oh6 blood t freezes1 blood t burns6 ,e>?'s returns ,= :ole c5turies ( folly1 noise1 & s96 ,%ut !m 9 ,) _! triumphs & _! glories1 & ! re/2 ,love is be/4 7,love1 among ! ,ru9s47 7,regul> tro*ees alt]nately trimet] & monomet]1 b bo? catalectic4 ,"o monosyllabic sub/itution47 7#b7 ,:at h& & bra9 w5t ev] pair$8 ,:at he>t alike conceiv$ & d>$8 ,:at act prov$ all its ?\ght _h be58 ,:at w b felt ! fle%ly scre58 ,we ride & ,i see h] bosom heave4 ,!re's many a cr[n = :o c rea*4 ,t5 l9es1 a /atesman's life 9 ea*6 ,! flag /uck on a heap ( bones1 ,a soldi]'s do+6 :at atones8 ,!y scrat* 8 "n on ! ,abbey /ones4 ,my rid+ is bett]1 by _! leave4 7,! ,la/ ,ride ,toge!r47 7,iambic dimet] /anza2 ?ree or f\r trisyllabic sub/itutions47 7#c7 ,oh1 :at a dawn ( day6 ,h[ ! ,m>* sun feels l ,may6 ,all is blue aga9 ,aft] la/ night's ra91 ,& ! ,s\? dries ! haw?orn spray4 ,only1 my ,love's away6 ,i'd z lief t ! blue 7 grey4 7,iambic-anap/ic ) monosyllabic feet admitt$ into p>tn]%ip47 7#d7 ,is all our fire ( %ipwreck wood1 ,oak & p9e8 ,oh1 = ! ills half-und]/ood1 ,! dim dead woe ,long ag ,befall5 ?is bitt] coa/ ( ,france6 ,well1 poor sailors took _! *ance ,i take m9e4 7,iambic-tro*aic2 or1 if monosyllabic initial feet be grant$ 9 "s l9es1 all iambic1 & p]haps bett] s47 #aae 7a7 ,morn+ & even+ ,maids he>d ! gobl9s cry3 ,come buy our or*>d fruits1 ,come buy1 come buy3 ,apples & qu9ces1 ,lemons & oranges1 ,plump unpeck$ *]ries1 ,melons & raspb]ries4 #aaf 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 7,:]e1 z almo/ always1 ! dactylic l9es c be made anap/ic ) anacrusis1 ,melons & raspb]ries1 etc47 7b7 ,%e clipp$ a preci\s golden lock1 ,%e dropp$ a te> m r>e ?an pe>l1 ,!n suck$ _! fruit globes fair or r$4 ,sweet] ?an honey f ! rock1 ,/rong] ?an man-rejoic+ w9e1 ,cle>] ?an wat] fl[$ t juice4 #aag 7c7 ,b ever 9 ! noonlight ,%e p9$ & p9$ away2 ,s\ght !m by night & day1 ,f\nd !m no m1 b dw9dl$ & grew grey2 ,!n fell ) ! fir/ sn[1 ,:ile to ?is day no grass w gr[ ,:]e %e lies l[3 ,i planted daisies !re a ye> ago ,t never bl[4 #aah 7d7 ,laugh$ e gobl9 ,:5 !y spi$ h] peep+3 ,came t[>ds h] hobbl+1 ,fly+1 runn+1 leap+1 ,puff+ & bl[+4 #aai 7#b7 ,:]e sunless rivers weep ,_! waves into ! deep1 ,%e sleeps a *>md sleep3 ,awake h] n4 ,l$ by a s9gle />1 ,%e came f v]y f>1 ,to seek1 :]e %ad[s are1 ,h] pleasant lot4 #abj 7#c7 ,come to me 9 ! sil5ce ( ! night2 ,come 9 ! speak+ sil5ce ( a dream2 ,come ) s(t r\nded *eeks & eyes z bright ,z sunlight on a /ream2 ,come back 9 te>s1 ,o memory1 hope1 love1 ( f9i%$ ye>s4 #aba 7#d7 ,"o by "o sl[ly1 ,ah h[ sad & sl[6 ,wail+ & pray+ ,! spirits rise & g3 ,cle> /a9less spirits1 ,:ite1 z :ite z sn[2 ,pale spirits1 wail+ ,= an ov]?r[4 #abb 7#e7 ,oh6 :5ce d y come1 my dear fri5d1 to me8 ,) y\r golden hair all fall5 bel[ y\r knee1 ,& y\r face z :ite z sn[drops on ! lea1 ,& y\r voice z holl[ z ! holl[ sea8 #abc 7,?is la/ extract is a mo/ audaci\s1 b q ju/ifiable1 f+]+ ( ! ord9>y five-foot iambic l9e1 ) sub/itutions & adaptations :i* give x n[ anap/ic1 n[ tro*aic und]tone4 ,! fir/ exhibits1 9 a bat* ( five f ,gobl9 ,m>ket1 ! same audacity & ! same success 9 v>y+ l9e-l5g? z well z con/itution2 7#b71 7#c71 & 7#d71 ) m ( :at is commonly call$ regul>ity1 %[ ! same v>i\s address47 #aaf ,iamb & tro*ee foll[$ by dactyl & tro*ee4 #aag ,pure iambic dimet] ) a tro*ee or two4 #aah ,iambic1 ) l5g? v>i$ f two to five feet4 #aai ,dactyl & tro*ee1 or m]e tro*ee4 #abj ,iambic4 #aba ,iambic1 ) "s tro*aic beg9n+s4 #abb ,dactylic-tro*aic & iambic alt]nately4 #abc ,really irregul>4 ,norm dimet] anap/ic-- b l>gely v>i$ 9 rhy?m & l5g?4 ,be/ scann$ z above1 ) /rong pause1 mak+ five feet4 #abd ,= examples ( ,morris's prosody see ,scann$ ,conspectus4 #abe ,examples ( lyric3 7#a7 ,y h *os5 & clung to ! *ance !y s5t y1 ,life sweet z p]fume1 & pure z pray]2 ,b w x n "o day 9 heaven rep5t y8 ,w !y solace y :olly1 ! days t 78 ,w y lift up y\r eyes betwe5 sadness & bliss8 ,meet m9e & see :]e ! great love is1 ,& tremble & turn & be *ang$8 ,cont5t y1 ,! gate is /rait2 ,i %all n be !re4 7,anap/ic dimet] ) iambic sub/itution & r$undance4 ,a mo/ p]fect comb9ation47 7#b7 ,if love 7 :at ! rose is ,& ,i 7 l ! leaf1 ,our lives w\ld gr[ toge?er ,9 sad or s++ wea!r1 ,bl[n fields or fl[]ful closes1 ,gre5 pleasure or grey grief3 ,if love 7 :at ! rose is ,& ,i 7 l ! leaf4 7,pure iambics4 ,dimet] catalectic & bra*ycatalectic by turns47 7#c7 ,:5 ! game began betwe5 !m = a je/1 ,he play$ k+ & %e play$ que5 to mat* ! be/4 ,laught] s(t z te>s1 & te>s t turn$ to laught]1 ,^! 7 ?+s %e s\ght = ye>s & sorr[$ aft]4 7,tro*aic trimet] catalectic2 q pure ?r\gh\t47 #abf ,z a /> feels ! sun & falt]s1 ,t\*$ to dea? by div9er eyes-- ,z on ! old gods' unt5ded alt>s ,! old fire ( )er$ wor%ip dies4 7,long measure2 b completely transfigur$ by ! r$undance & d\ble rhyme 9 ! odd places1 & ! tro*aic & anap/ic sub/itution47 #abg ,we are ! music-makers1 ,& we are ! dreamers ( dreams1 ,wand]+ by lone sea-breakers1 ,& sitt+ by desolate /reams3 ,_w-losers & _w-=sak]s1 ,on :om ! pale moon gleams2 ,= we are ! movers & %akers ,( ! _w = ever1 x seems4 7,anap/s us$ ) s+ul> skill47 ,! />s are dimly se5 among ! %ad[s ( ! bay1 ,& lights t w9 are se5 9 /rife ) lights t die away4 ,! wave is v /ill--! rudd] loos5s 9 our h&2 ,! zephyr w n fill our sail1 & waft u to ! l&2 ,o preci\s is ! pause betwe5 ! w9ds t come & g1 ,& sweet ! sil5ce ( ! %ores betwe5 ! ebb & fl[4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,say1 %all we s+ ( day or night1 fair l& or mighty ocean1 ,( any raptur\s delight or any de> emotion1 ,( any joy t is on e>?1 or hope t is above1 ,! holy c\ntry ( our bir?1 or any song ( love8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,our he>t 9 all our life is l ! h& ( "o :o /e]s ,a b>k ^u an ocean rife ) dang]s & ) fe>s3 ,! joys1 ! hopes1 l waves or w+s1 be> up ?is life ( ours-- ,%ort z a song ( all ^! ?+s t make up all its h\rs4 7,! old f\rte5]--b made almo/ new by ! great v>iation ( pause1 by occasional r$undance1 & by ! gr\p+ ( ! l9es47 #abh ,if ever ?\ did/ creep ,f out ! _w ( sleep1 ,:5 ! sun slips & ! moon dips1 ,if ever ?\ wa/ born2 ,or ^u ! />v+ lips ,( ! gray uncolour$ morn4 7,especial effect produc$ by ! anap/s & monosyllabic feet ( l9e #c47 ,?\ ge/ m & m ,to ! silent ?+s3 ?y hair is ho>1 ,empti] ?y we>y face3 l to ! %ore ,f>-ruin$1 & ! desolate bill[ :ite ,t rec$es & leaves x waif-wr9kl$1 gap-rock$1 weak4 ,! %ore & ! bill[ :ite ,groan--!y cry & re/ n3 !y w\ld speak ,& call ! et]nal ,night ,to cease !m = ever1 bidd+ new ?+s issue ,f h] cold tissue3 ,night t is ever "y1 nor kn[s decay1 ,?\gh older by et]nity ?an !y4 7,v f9e mod]n ,p9d>ic1 ) extremely well-manag$ sub/itution47 #abi ,= "s suppos$ exceptions v4 sup4 la/ section ( ,scann$ ,conspectus1 pp4 #abh-acj4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s 9 ! /udy ( prosody is ! trac+ ( ! hi/ory ( lyric =ms4 ,examples h be5 giv5 above1 & m w be f\nd bel[2 b complet5ess is "h aga9 impossible4 ,aga91 also1 ! pr9ciples1 prop]ly foll[$ out1 w c>ry ! /ud5t safely ?r\gh all su* inve/igations1 z1 = in/ance1 t into ! connection ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne's ,anima ,anceps ) ,curran's ,des]t]1 & ! entire p$igree ( bo?4 ,p]haps x may be well to add t1 :]e a *oriambic effect occurs 7 71 *oice is (t51 if n always1 op5 betwe5 scansion z tro*ee & iamb or z monosyllabic foot & anap/4 ,?is has be5 already indicat$ expressly 9 "s examples4 ,see1 especially1 pp4 #ahc1 #ahd1 #bab4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,recapitulation ,,or ,,summ>y ,,view ,,( ,,/ages ,,( ,,engli% ,,prosody ,i4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,p]iod ,prosody rhy?mical1 n metrical2 det]m9$ exclusively by allit]ation & acc5t4 ,comb9ations ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables p]haps classifiable1 b seldom1 if ev]1 r$ucible to any comb9ation correspond+ to ! fl[ ( lat] ,middle & ,mod]n ,engli% v]se1 ?\gh ! pr9ciple 7( syllabic irregul>ity 9 correspond+ l9es7 survives z ! mo/ important basis ( t v]se itself4 ,rhyme1 except 9 ! piece specially entitl$ ,rhym+ ,poem & o!r v late examples1 practically non-exi/5t2 ! in/ances collect$ f o!r places be+ v few & q possibly accid5tal4 ,,ii4 ,,be=e ,,or ,,v ,,soon ,,aft] #abjj ,e>lie/ ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod4 ,no pure & unmix$ allit]ative-acc5tual v]se ( ! old k9d1 b a *oice betwe5 pure syllabic metre ( iambic type 7,ormulum71 less regul> b cle>ly metrical 7i4e4 foot-measur$7 v]se1 iambic or tro*aic 7,pat]no/]1 ,moral ,ode1 etc471 & s+ul> mixtures ( ! allit]ative k9d 7badly done71 & ! metrical k9d 7sometimes done r bett]7 7,layamon1 ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$74 ,,iii4 ,,middle ,,& ,,lat] ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury ,second ,e>ly ,middle ,engli% ,p]iod4 ,! metrify+ process go+ on1 ) /rong] emphasis+ ( ! metrical "* & almo/ complete disc>d+ ( ! allit]ative 7,k+ ,horn1 late 9 ! c5tury1 has sometimes be5 claim$ z an exception1 b )\t good reason74 ,def9ite =ms em]ge3 ! two great k9ds ( octosyllabic c\plet--m /rictly syllabic 7,owl & ,night+ale71 or less s 7,g5esis & ,exodus72 ! fifte5]-f\rte5] or sev5-foot iambic 7,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]72 ! rime c\e or ,romance-six 7,prov]bs ( ,h5dyng74 ,( pure allit]ative v]se !re is no trace :atev]4 ,,iv4 ,,e>li] ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,c5tral ,p]iod ( ,middle ,engli%4 ,! metrical developm5t atta9s complete pr$om9ance 9 ! ,romances 7*iefly octosyllabic c\plet or ,romance-six71 & 9 lyrics su* z ^? ( ! ,h>leian ,,ms4 #bbec4 ,9 bo? !re is consid]able equival5ce1 or sub/itution ( trisyllabic 7& p]haps also monosyllabic7 = dissyllabic feet4 ,! f\rte5] beg9s to break itself d[n into ! ballad measure ( eight & six1 ) or )\t full alt]nate rhyme4 ,decasyllabic c\plet appe>s 7z x _h done ev5 e>li]7 sporadically4 ,b at an unc]ta9 "t--probably ab\t ! second ?ird ( ! c5tury--allit]ation aga9 makes its appe>ance1 sometimes alone 7,william ( ,pal]ne71 sometimes 9 company ) "s rhyme-arrangem5t 7,sir ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight72 & ! two me?ods cont9ue side by side 7?\gh ) ! allit]ation always 9 ! m9ority & seldom q pure7 = ! be/ "p ( two hundr$ ye>s1 till well )9 ! sixte5? c5tury itself4 ,v4 ,,lat] ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury ,cr[n+ ,p]iod ( ,middle ,engli%4 ,! t5d5cies already indicat$1 & %[n aft] #acej by ,laur5ce ,m9ot1 ! writ]s 9 ! ,v]non ,,ms41 & o!rs1 culm9ate 9 ?ree rem>kable poets--,langl&1 ,g[]1 & ,*auc]4 ,! fir/1 :o is probably ! olde/ 7?\gh ! mo/ plausible !ory ( 8 "w puts x 9 /ages f ! six? or sev5? to ! la/ decade ( ! c5tury71 es*ews rhyme altoge!r1 & 7z f> z he c1 b n entirely7 decl9es metrical =m--pref]r+ a mod]nis$ ,old ,engli% l9e1 /rongly middle-paus$1 & regul>ly1 b n lavi%ly1 allit]at$4 ,g[]1 ) a little rhyme-royal1 employs else:]e1 ?r\gh\t 8 volum9\s ,engli% "w1 octosyllabic c\plet1 ne>] to ! ,fr5* or /rictly syllabic norm ?an t ( any o!r ,middle ,engli% writ]1 ?\gh ) "s tell-tale approa*es to v>iety4 ,*auc]1 betwe5 ! two1 repres5ts ! true developm5t ( ,engli% prosody prop]4 ,he practises1 f ! 7disput$7 ,romaunt ( ! ,rose1 to ! 7c]ta97 ,h\se ( ,fame1 ! octosyllabic c\plet2 v>ies x rem>kably & consci\sly2 & gets f x effects excell5t 9 _! way1 b nev]1 app>5tly1 q satisfactory to himself4 ,he adopts or imitates f ! ,fr5*1 besides m9or =ms1 ! great rhyme-royal or ,troilus /anza4 ,he has1 9 8 prose1 curi\s %ad[s be=e ( blank v]se4 ,b 8 greate/ metrical a*ievem5t is ! tak+ up--:e!r :olly f ,fr5* or ) "s consci\sness ( e>li] sporadic attempts 9 ,engli% is disput$1 b c]ta9ly 9 ! p]haps unconsci\s l9e ( ^? attempts--! decasyllabic or h]oic c\plet1 :i* is fir/ ! sole vehicle ( 8 ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom51 & secondly ! ma9 vehicle ( ,! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,,vi4 ,,fifte5? ,,& ,,e>ly ,,sixte5? ,,c5turies ,! ,decad5ce ( ,middle ,engli% ,prosody4 ,! prosodic accompli%m5t ( ,*auc]1 :ile repres5t+ all t ,middle ,engli% 0 capable ( atta9+1 repres5t$ m ?an x 0 capable ( ma9ta9+4 ,8 foll[]s 9 ,middle ,scots1 employ+ n ! actual v]nacul>1 b a made lit]>y language1 c>ri$ out 8 lessons = "s "t ) great success4 ,b ^? 9 ,s\!rn ,engli% appe> to h--except 9 m or less pure folk-poems--succumb$ p>tly to influ5ces ( *ange 9 pronunciation 7:i* are v imp]fectly und]/ood1 ?\gh ! disuse ( ! f9al valu$ e is ! c]ta9 & c5tral fact71 p>tly to a loss ( und]/&+ 7:i* is /ill m obscure 9 its nature & causes7 ( ! metres !mselves4 ,f ,lydgate to ,hawes1 rhyme-royal mo/ ( all1 decasyllabic c\plet 7n s (t5 tri$7 h>dly less1 & octosyllabic to a some:at m9or degree1 exhibit ! mo/ pa9ful irregul>ity1 clums9ess1 & prosaic effect1 !re be+ sometimes no regul> rhy?m1 & no?+ at all b ! rhyme to give a poetical "* to ! composition4 ,! dogg]el ( ,skelton is a pretty obvi\s attempt to escape f ?is4 ,only ballad1 c>ol1 & ! l seem to escape ! curse4 ,,vii4 ,,mid-,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,! ,recov]y ( ,rhy?m4 ,9 ! second qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury att5tion seems to h be5 drawn to ! /agg]+ /ate ( prosody2 by ! end ( t qu>t]1 or a v little lat]1 we "k f positive evid5ce t x 0 !oretically felt4 ,b mu* e>li] ,sir ,?omas ,wyatt1 &1 9 8 tracks1 ,h5ry ,h[>d1 ,"l ,surrey1 express$ ! fact practically by _! imitations ( ,italian =ms4 ,bo? tri$ ! sonnet2 ,wyatt attempt$1 ) little success1 t]za rima2 & ,surrey1 ) m1 tri$ blank v]se4 ,! regul> quantification or acc5tuation necess>y = ! reproduction ( ^! =ms evid5tly gave !m 7& ,wyatt m p>ticul>ly & naturally1 z ! pione]7 a great deal ( tr\ble2 b !y manag$ x--if n univ]sally or p]fectly--someh[2 & !y kept ! practice up 9 lyric measures less /rictly imitat$4 ,!y also popul>is$--if !y did n introduce--a new comb9ation-v>iation ( ! old long l9es into ! s-call$ p\lt]'s measure or c\plet ( twelve-f\rte5 syllables1 easily break+ d[n into six1 six1 eight1 six4 ,_! example 0 foll[$ by _m poets betwe5 #aeej & #aehj1 iambic regul>ity e/abli%+ itself r at ! exp5se ( poetic v>iety1 b ) an imm5se ga9 to ! e>4 ,a v important1 ?\gh n 9 itself v poetical1 developm5t 0 also made 9 ! regul> anap/ics ( ,tuss]2 & ! drama1 tak+ up at la/ ,surrey's blank v]se1 9 ! meantime exp]im5t$ ) all sorts ( =ms1 regul> & dogg]el4 ,,viii4 ,,late ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,! ,p]fect+ ( ,metre & ( ,poetical ,diction4 ,?is invaluable if n always v /imulat+ p]iod ( drill & discipl9e 79 :i* ,wyatt & ,surrey !mselves1 ) ,sackville lat]1 are ! *ief & almo/ ! only poets :o transc5d exp]im5t7 passes1 a little be=e #aehj1 into "o ( complete poetic & proportionately complete prosodic accompli%m5t1 ) ,sp5s] & 8 companions & foll[]s = non-dramatic poetry1 ) ,peele & ,m>l[e prelud+ ,%akespe>e 9 dramatic blank v]se4 ,! greate/ pione]1 "o :o n only explores b atta9s1 is ,sp5s]2 & he1 aft] pres5t+ 9 ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> ! mo/ rem>kable record ( exp]im5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% poetic =m1 proce$s to ! p]fect /ructure & exquisite diction ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e4 ,he1 h[ev]1 h>dly t\*es blank v]se1 &1 aft] ! ,cal5d>1 es*ews ! light] lyric4 ,b bo? ^! are tak5 up by o!rs2 & :ile lyric atta9s all b ! highe/ possible /age ( t div]sity 9 h>mony :i* is especially requir$ by x1 ! possibilities ( blank v]se are m ?an sugge/$ 9 ,%akespe>e's pr$ecessors1 & are1 9 ! dramatic range1 exhau/$ by ,%akespe>e himself4 ,outside ! drama1 h[ev]1 & blank v]se1 ! abid+ fe> ( dogg]el keeps back ! due developm5t ( regul>is$ sub/itution3 v]se is mo/ly iambic4 ,b "h also ,%akespe>e pi]ces ! he>t ( ! my/]y1 & ! songs 9 8 plays are z prosodically complete z 8 blank v]se itself4 ,!re is mu* practice 9 sonnet1 &1 t[>ds ! end ( ! c5tury1 rid+ rhyme or h]oic c\plet1 :i* _h fall5 into "s disuse1 is reviv$1 *iefly = satiric or semi-satiric purposes 7z by ,sp5s] 9 ,"m ,hubb]d's ,tale1 by ,hall1 ,donne1 & ,m>/on 9 _! def9ite satires1 etc41 & = hi/ory by ,drayton74 ,,ix4 ,,e>ly ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,! fur!r ,developm5t ( ,lyric1 ,/anza1 & ,blank ,v]se4 ,insurg5ce & ,division ( ! ,c\plet4 ,betwe5 ! late/ ye>s ( ! sixte5? & ! e>lie/ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury !re is naturally little diff]5ce1 b ! total trans=mation is r rapid4 ,blank v]se no soon] atta9s its absolute p]fection 9 ,%akespe>e ?an x beg9s to %[ signs ( ov]rip5ess1 9 ! great t5d5cy to r$undance :i* ev5 he %>es 9 8 late/ plays1 & :i* di/+ui%es ,beaumont & ,flet*]4 ,/anza does n1 aft] ! simil> consummat5ess ( ,sp5s]1 %[ a simil> =mal decl9e2 b !re arises a di/a/e = x4 ,only lyric p]sev]es 9 practically full fl\ri%+2 & ev5 exhibits a c]ta9 fur!r qu9tess5ce ( beauty1 ?\gh "s loss ( /r5g?4 ,mean:ile1 ! decasyllabic c\plet revives 9 a complicat$ fa%ion4 ,x does n yet make mu* recov]y ( drama1 b is v l>gely practis$ by ,drayton1 is decl>$ 7at lea/ on ,drummond's au?ority7 to be ! brave/ sort ( v]se by ,jonson1 & made1 t[>ds ! end ( ,james ! ,fir/'s reign1 ! subject ( a =mal critical-poetical encomium by ,sir ,john ,beaumont4 ,b x is a h\se divid$ aga9/ itself1 & x is n till ! /opp$ =m 79 :i* ! rhymes %>ply punctuate ! s5se7 conqu]s ! enjamb$ 7:i* 9 ?is sub-p]iod is ! fav\rite7 t x atta9s complete popul> fav\r4 ,x4 ,,mid-,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,milton4 ,! p]iod1 or sub-p]iod1 :i* may be call$ mid-sev5te5? c5tury1 on "o side cont9ues ! developm5ts describ$ 9 ! la/ section1 & on ano!r beg9s ^? :i* w be describ$ 9 ! next4 ,b x conta9s almo/ ! :ole "w ( ,milton1 :o belongs 9 "o s5se to bo?1 9 ano!r to nei!r4 ,if he _h writt5 no blank v]se1 he w\ld /ill be ( ! fir/ rank z a practical prosodi/1 9 virtue ( 8 /anza-=ms1 su* z t 9 ! ,hymn on ! ,nativity2 ( 8 rem>kably v>i$ octosyllabic c\plet 9 ,l',allegro1 ,il ,p5s]oso1 ,arcades1 & ,comus2 ( ! almo/ unique /rophes1 ) irregul> rhyme1 9 ,lycidas2 ( ! ,sonnets1 adju/$ n to ! ,elizabe?an-,engli%1 b to ! common] ,italian =ms2 & ( ! peculi> *oric arrangem5ts ( ,samson ,agoni/es4 ,b x is und\bt$ly z ! introduc] ( blank v]se = g5]al poetic practice1 & z ! modulator ( t v]se 9 ! directions previ\sly describ$1 t he /&s z "o ( ! v greate/ ma/]s ( ,engli% prosody4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 he rescues blanks f ! *aos into :i*1 by ! la*es ( ! dramati/s1 !y 7 fall+2 &1 on ! o!r1 he e/abli%es = ev] 7?\gh x may sometimes be mi/ak5 by individuals & p]iods7 ! pr9ciple ( foot-equival5ce & sub/itution 9 ! individual l9e1 ) t ( comb9ation ( sev]al l9es into a v]se-p>agraph4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,lat] ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,dryd54 ,= ! mom5t1 h[ev]1 ! "w ( ,milton produces no effect1 & ?\gh ,dryd51 8 y\ng] contempor>y1 uses1 ) great effect1 a l>ge v>iety ( metres1 8 ma9 importance1 9 ! g5]al hi/ory ( prosody1 consi/s 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! /opp$ h]oic c\plet z at once ! mo/ popul> & ! mo/ dignifi$ ( ,engli% metres4 ,b he does n at once make x into ! /rictly decasyllabic1 /rictly middle-paus$ k9d :i* dom9ates ! foll[+ c5tury4 ,on ! initiation 7p>tly at lea/7 ( ,c[ley1 he v>ies x ) ! ,alex&r9e1 :i* he sometimes includes 9 a triplet1 :ile ! same ext5sion to ?ree simil>ly rhym$ l9es1 9 decasyllable only1 is /ill m frequ5t4 ,if he does n exactly introduce1 he popul>ises & = a "t ma9ta9s1 ! same c\plet 9 drama1 b uses x mo/ successfully 9 satiric & didactic v]se1 ( extraord9>y weight & vig\r1 :ile entirely de/itute ( monotony4 ,he himself & 8 m9or b m lyrical contempor>ies1 ,ro*e/]1 ,s$ley1 ,afra ,behn1 etc41 cont9ue ! old] ,c>ol9e tradition ( song 9 v>i$ measures1 b x dies out4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 practice 7sugge/$1 d\btless1 by ,dav5ant's ,gondib]t7 ( ! decasyllabic quatra91 & ! maje/ic if n fully ,p9d>ic /rophes ( 8 ,odes1 supply models :i* s]ve to v>y ! unbrok5 preval5ce ( ! c\plet1 & are foll[$ by ,gray & o!rs1 dur+ ! succe$+ c5tury1 ) exceptionally f9e results4 ,,xii4 ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,! summ>y ( ! hi/ory ( eighte5?-c5tury prosody has be5 =e%ad[$ 9 ! above l9es4 ,addison1 ,g>?1 & o!rs foll[ ,dryd52 & ,pope fur!r corrects him 9 a c\plet :i* becomes poli%$ to ! extreme1 b1 :5 h&l$ )\t almo/ supreme g5ius1 is di/9ctly monoton\s4 ,& ?is c\plet1 ) almo/ complete & def9ite acceptance by !ori/s & little ov]t prote/ on ! "p ( practition]s1 assumes ! position ( premi] metre 9 ,engli% = long poems1 cont9u+ to hold x ?r\gh\t ! hundr$ ye>s4 ,lyric1 too1 conf9es itself to relatively few =ms1 *iefly iambic--! common & long measure1 ! ,romance-six1 ! decasyllabic quatra91 ! regul> or irregul> ,p9d>ic ode4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 privileg$ exceptions to ! uni=mity4 ,two poets n 9 _! fir/ y\? at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury--,prior & ,swift--secure a position = ! light octosyllable & = anap/ic measures2 ,gray & ,coll9s raise ! ode2 ,?omson--prec$$ by "o or two m9or poets1 & foll[$ by a consid]able numb]1 "s ( :om are n s m9or--takes up ! mann] ( ,milton1 t is to say1 blank v]se4 ,ev5 9 ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury ,%5/one timidly pleads = trisyllabic sub/itution1 :ile 9 ! second half ,*att]ton & ,blake boldly practise x2 & t /udy ( old 7& especially ballad7 ,engli% v]se1 ( :i* ,p]cy's ,reliques is ! c5tral example1 sl[ly b surely leads ! way to a re/oration ( its pr9ciples4 ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,,& ,,! ,,romantic ,,revival ,9 no dep>tm5t ( poetic practice does ! great ,romantic revival1 aft] =]unn+s 9 ,*att]ton & ,blake1 %[ itself1 9 ! late/ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! e>lie/ ( ! n9ete5?1 m p]ceptibly ?an 9 t ( prosody4 ,only "o ( its ma/]s--,wordswor?--slights ?is revival 9 !ory1 :ile he is n ( ! fir/ m>k 9 practice4 ,b ,col]idge1 9 ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] & ,*ri/abel1 re/ores & p]fects equival5ce on a d\btful pr9ciple1 b ) consummate practical effect4 ,s\!y1 less effective practically1 is bo? s\nd] & m orig9al 9 !ory2 ,scott takes up ,col]idge's example 9 all 8 v]se-romances1 & completely v9dicates ! fre$om ( lyric2 ,byron1 affect+ admiration ( ! c\plet1 a*ieves 8 own be/ "w 9 ,col]idge-,scott octosyllables1 9 ,sp5s]ians1 9 octaves1 & 9 lyric2 ,%elley pu%es ! v>i\s & unfett]$ lyrical movem5t to its almo/ inconceivable f>!/2 & ,keats revives 7aft] ,leigh ,hunt7 ! enjamb$ c\plet 9 decasyllable1 recov]s an octosyllabic =m unkn[n s9ce ,g[] & only p>tially utilis$ by him1 writes exquisite ,sp5s]ians & beautiful octaves1 comes p]haps ne>e/ ,milton 9 blank v]se & ne>e/ ,dryd5 9 ! o!r k9d ( c\plet1 & a*ieves =ms ( ode1 classical & ,romantic1 ( a/oni%+ flexibility & *>m4 ,by & 9 ^!1 & 9 _m m9ors f ,moore d[nw>ds1 ! fre$om ( prosody1 & ! great in/rum5t ( t fre$om1 ! equival5c$ foot1 are *ampion$ & practis$ ) almo/ all ! v>iety possible4 ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,lat] ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury ,! process ( v>y+ & ext5d+ ! =ms ( prosody1 by ! special in/rum5t above notic$ & o!rs1 & "u ! direction ( a g5]al ef=t to give ^? =ms a wid] visual & audible appeal to ! m9d's s5ses1 cont9ues 9 ! two lat] gr\ps or /ages--( :i* ! *ief repres5tatives are1 9 ! fir/ case1 ,t5nyson & ,br[n+2 9 ! second1 ,mr4 ,sw9burne1 ! ,rossettis1 & ,william ,morris--) con/ant recov]y or fre% inv5tion ( prosodic effect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is on ! cont9uity ( ?is hi/ory t ! /ud5t %\ld keep 8 eye4 ,look$ at p>tially1 x may seem to lack ?is cont9uity2 look$ at z a :ole1 x w be se5 to exhibit exactly ! alt]nate or successive pr$om9ance ( diff]5t t5d5cies & developm5ts 9 :i* all heal?y life-hi/ory consi/s4 ,no p>tial & inconsecutive explanations z to widely diff]+ pronunciation ( v[els at diff]5t times1 none ( quantity hav+ ! pref]5ce at "o "t & acc5t at ano!r1 or ( c]ta9 feet incl9+ to ^! ?+s respectively1 are necess>y1 or %\ld be ent]ta9$4 ,! bir?1 progress1 & p]fect+ ( ! foot "u ! guidance ( equival5t sub/itution1 n[ vividly pres5t1 n[ app>5tly 9 abeyance1 b always pot5tially exi/+--?is is ! my/]y ( ?is wond]ful hi/ory1 ! op5 secret ( ,engli% prosodic life4 ,,book ,,iii ,,hi/orical ,,survey ,,( ,,views ,,on ,,prosody ,,*apt] ,i ,,be=e #agjj ,sid5ote3 ,de>? ( e>ly prosodic /udies4 ,9 h>dly any language are /udi\s inve/igations into ! =m ( v]se likely to be e>ly1 & 9 a language ) su* a hi/ory z ,engli% !y c\ld n possibly be s4 ,we h inde$1 f ! e>ly f\rte5? c5tury1 "s rem>ks ( ,rob]t ( ,brunne on k9ds ( v]se--c[ee 7,romance-six71 ba/on1#acj ent]lace 7pretty obvi\s71 etc41 b ) no explanation or discussion2 & ,*auc] himself 7:o1 9 ?is respect z 9 o!rs1 is slavi%ly foll[$ by ,lydgate#aca7 makes apologies = r\ghness & inexp]i5ce4#acb ,9 ,g[] 7,conf4 ,am4 iv4 #bdad7 !re is a ref]5ce1 b aft] ,*auc] & n yet q satisfactorily expla9$1 to ! diff]5ce betwe5 rhyme & cad5ce1 :ile 9 ! ,scotti% *ronicl] ,wynt\n !re is ano!r ref]5ce#acc to cad5ce4 ,aga91 9 ,*auc] we h ! ,p>son's fam\s disclaim] ( indulg5ce 9 rum ram ruf1 because ! speak] is a ,s\!rn man4 ,b n "o ( ^! ?+s makes ! slighte/ pret5ce to be ev5 a prosodic discussion1 let alone a prosodic treatise2 & x is n till t[>ds ! end ( ! ?ird qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury--:5 a :ole g5]ation _h already foll[$ ,wyatt 9 endeav\r+ to effect1 9 practice1 ! re=m ( ! prosodic breakd[n f ,lydgate to ,hawes1 if n ev5 to ,b>clay--t ! fir/ ,engli% prosodic treatise appe>s 9 ! %ape ( ,gascoigne's ,notes ( ,in/ruction 7#aegb-ge74 ,!y _h be5 a little anticipat$ 9 "t by rem>ks ( ,as*am's1 & p]haps ( o!rs1 on a new fa%ion ( classical v]s+1 on :i* m pres5tly2 b ?is1 ?\gh ess5tially prosodic 9 "*1 _h n yet =m$ ! subject ( a regul> treatise1 & its expon5ts implicitly or expressly decl9$ all m$dl+ ) begg>ly rhyme1 i4e4 ) ! =m ( ,engli% poetry prop]4 ,sid5ote3 ,gascoigne4 ,gascoigne's little book#acd is v %ort1 v practical1 v s5sible1 &--except 9 "o unlucky rem>k1 :i* 7or r ! misund]/&+ ( x7 has done h>m to ! pres5t day--9 ! ma91 p]fectly s\nd4 ,he dwells on ! importance ( acc5t & ( ! obs]vation ( x2 & he 0 q "r1 = ev5 ,wyatt _h be5 v loose 9 ?is respect1 & ! desire to get out ( ! dogg]el ( ! fifte5? c5tury#ace _h l$ novices 9 precision to /ra9 ! acc5t1 9 ord] t !y might keep ! quantity4 ,b he insi/s also--& ) m ?an a c5tury ( awful examples to ju/ify him if he _h c>$ to use !m--on keep+ metre--on n w&]+ f l9es ( "o l5g? or "* to ^? ( ano!r z ! rhyme-royali/s ( ! prec$+ c5tury con/antly d4 ,he gives rules = ! pause1 leav+ rhyme-royal itself free 9 t respect4 ,he m5tions especially1 besides rhyme-royal1 rid+ rhyme 7,*auc]ian c\plet71 p\lt]'s measure 7! alt]nate ,alex&r9e & f\rte5]71 & octosyllables4 ,he deprecates poetic commonplaces 7*]ry lips & ! l71 & gives "s positive rules = pronunciation 7,heav'n is to be always monosyllabic74 ,sid5ote3 ,8 rem>k on feet4 ,! except$ unlucky po9t is 8 rem>k t commonly n[adays 9 ,engli% rhymes we use no o!r ?an a foot ( two syllables1 :]e( ! fir/ is depress$ & made %ort1 & ! second elevat$ or made long4 ,he says t we h us$ 9 times pa/ o!r k9ds ( metres1 giv+ z example ! anap/ic l9e-- ,no wight 9 ?is _w t weal? c atta92#acf lam5ts ! re/riction to iambs1 & %[s a rem>kable appreciation ( ,*auc]'s lib]ty t ! ,lat9i/s d use1 i4e4 equival5t sub/itution1 ?\gh he may n h q correctly und]/ood ?is4 ,! desire = ord] & regul>ity 9 all ?is is v noticeable1 & p]fectly intelligible to any "o :o has appreciat$ 7see la/ ,book7 ! hopeless breakd[n1 due to ! neglect ( ^! qualities1 9 ,engli% prosody betwe5 #adjj & #aecj4 ,gascoigne's /atem5t ab\t ! iamb is1 moreov]1 true ( ! majority ( 8 own contempor>ies1 ?\gh x ov]looks su* a writ] z ,tuss]4 ,b x w\ld be a griev\s mi/ake 7& un=tunately x has (t5 be5 committ$7 to accept ?is n q accurate decl>ation ( ephem]al fact--accompani$ z x is1 m especially1 by ano!r expression ( regret = t fact--z a rule & pr9ciple gov]n+ ,elizabe?an & ,engli% poetry4 ,gascoigne's little treatise 0 foll[$ at no great int]vals1 b aft] 8 own dea?1 by m elaborate deal+s ) ! subject--"s ( !m exclusively or ma9ly devot$ to ! new craze = classical metres1 o!rs treat+ ! subject at l>ge & m]ely ref]r+ to ! v]s+ attempts4 ,! ord] ( ^! compositions1 ) a v brief sket* ( _! cont5ts1 may n[ be giv54 ,sid5ote3 ,sp5s] & ,h>vey4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #aegi-hj1 ! date ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 ,sp5s] & 8 pragmatical fri5d ,gabriel ,h>vey ex*ang$ c]ta9 lett]s 7:i* we h7 deal+ ) ! v]s+ attempt t ,sp5s] himself makes4 ,an exp]im5t 9 quantifi$ trimet] ref]s to rules on ! subject made by a ,cambridge man nam$ ,drant1 b does n 7un=tunately7 give !m1 & asks = ,h>vey's own4 ,h>vey bl[s r hot & cold on ! matt]1 approv+ ! sy/em1 b criticis+ ! details4 ,sid5ote3 ,/anyhur/4 ,next1 9 #aehb1 came ! ,preface to ,ri*>d ,/anyhur/'s translation ( ! ,a5eid1 a book fam\s = ! /range language 9 :i* x is writt51 b1 z f> z its ,preface is conc]n$1 a v sob] & sci5tific attempt to d an impossible ?+4 ,/anyhur/ endeav\rs to arrange a set ( rules = det]m9+ ! quantity ( e syllable 9 ,engli%1 n necess>ily accord+ to its ,lat9 or o!r d]ivation1 b on pr9ciples g]mane to ! language itself4 ,he does n & _c succe$2 b 8 attempt is int]e/+1 & r less contr>y to facts ?an "s rec5t attempts ( ! same k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,webbe4 ,he 0 foll[$1 9 #aehf1 by ,william ,webbe1 ^: ,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetry is notable = ! en?usiasm display$ by ! au?or t[>ds ,sp5s] 7! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d> _h appe>$ "s ye>s previ\sly72 = 8 curi\sly comb9$ en?usiasm z reg>ds ! classical metres :i* ,sp5s] _h tri$ & dropp$2 = ! fir/ publi%$ sket* ( ! hi/ory ( ,engli% poetry 7errone\s1 b int]e/+72 & = a c]ta9 numb] ( desultory rem>ks on prosodic subjects1 mo/ly br\ght r\nd to ! classical fancy1 ?\gh %[+ ! int]e/ :i* ^! que/ions 7 excit+4 ,b betwe5 ,/anyhur/ & ,webbe "o book ( ! k9d _h appe>$1 & ano!r _h be5 p]haps compos$1 ?\gh n pr9t$1 9 ! same ye>--#aehd4 ,sid5ote3 ,k+ ,james ,,vi4 ,! fir/ 0 ,k+ ,james ! ,six? ( ,scotl&'s ,rewlis & ,cautelis = ! mak+ ( v]se 9 8 native dialect4 ,obligation has be5 trac$ 9 x to ,gascoigne & to ! great ,fr5* poet ,rons>d4 ,x is v cle> & precise1 b ( no wide int]e/1 be+ simply an analysis ( rec5t actual ,scots v]se ) "s peculi>ities ( t]m9ology4 ,x is our fir/ me?odical book ( prosody1 & "s ( its titles1 su* z cuttit & brok5 v]se = ! metres ( v irregul> l9e-l5g? :i* 7 gr[+ s fa%ionable1 & :i* 7 to excite ! displeasure ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 are di/9ctly useful4 ,n s p]haps ano!r--tumbl+ v]se--:i* is ( unc]ta9 application to allit]ative-anap/ic or to m]e dogg]el rhy?m--:i* has complicat$ ! "q ( cad5ce 7v4 sup471 7( ?is x has be51 p]haps correctly1 ?\ght to h be5 int5d$ z an ,engli% translation71 & :i* 0 adopt$ r arbitr>ily by ,gue/ 7v4 inf474 ,sid5ote3 ,putt5ham 787 ,! o!r book1 writt5 9 or be=e #aehd1 ?\gh n publi%$ till #aehi1 0 ! mo/ elaborate treatm5t ( ,engli% prosody yet attempt$1 & cont9u$ to be s until ,mit=d's treatise 7v4 inf47 ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesy1 z x n too arrogantly call$ itself1 has no c]ta9 au?or1 b has be5 by turns attribut$ to two bro!rs1 ,george & ,ri*>d ,putt5ham4 ,x is1 9 ! orig9al1 a treatise ( "s #beg well-fill$ pages4 ,ab\t half ( ^! is inde$ occupi$ by an imm5se li/ ( ! fancifully devis$ ,figures ( ,spee* :i* ! ,greek rhetoricians _h excogitat$1 & :i* apply 79 s f> z !y h any real application at all7 n m to poetry ?an to prose4 ,b ! ,fir/ ,book conta9s an elaborate discussion or def5ce ( poetry g5]ally1 end+ ) a sket* ( ,engli% poets1 probably1 if n c]ta9ly1 writt5 e>li] ?an ,webbe's4 ,& ! ,second is a v full & =mal h&l+ ( ! =mal "p ( poetry1 ! discussion be+ c>ri$ s f> z to include ^? artificial figures 9 squ>es1 loz5ges1 alt>s1 w+s1 etc41 :i* m ?an "o age fanci$1 b :i*1 9 ,engli%1 h>dly surviv$ ! satire ( ,addison4 ,putt5ham1 h[ev]1 takes great pa9s to po9t out ! exact =m ( diff]5t regul> /anzas2 arranges l9e-l5g?s2 dwells on rhyme1 pause1 acc5t1 & o!r matt]s ( importance2 consid]s ! classical v]s+ 7?\gh he does n l x72 &1 9 %ort1 treats ! :ole subject1 z f> z 8 lights & opportunities p]mit1 9 a really bus9ess-l mann]4 ,x 0 some:at un=tunate t he came a little too soon1 nei!r ! ,fa]ie ,que5e nor probably any ( ! greate/ plays ( ! ,univ]sity ,wits hav+ appe>$ at ! "t he wrote--no?+1 9 %ort1 ( ! be/ "t & k9d b ! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>4 ,sid5ote3 ,campion & ,daniel4 ,! lat] ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7 less fruitful 9 regul> prosodic discussion1 ?\gh ! old wrangle ab\t v]s+#acg cont9u$ at int]vals betwe5 ,h>vey & ,na%1 & "s scatt]$ obs]vations on prosody exi/1 by ,drayton & o!rs4 ,b 9 ! e>lie/ ye>s ( ! sev5te5? ! fir/-nam$ dispute1 aft] hang+ ab\t = m ?an half a c5tury s9ce ,as*am's day1 0 laid to re/1 = ! "t & 7except 9 scatt]$ t\*es7 = ne>ly two c5turies aft]w>ds1 by ! poet ,?omas ,campion's tractate on c]ta9 new =ms ( v]se 7n hexamet]s7 devis$ by himself1 & ! reply ( ano!r poet1 ,samuel ,daniel1 9 8 ,def5ce ( ,rhyme4 ,campion1 an exquisite ma/] ( natural rhym$ v]se1 did n :olly fail ) 8 artificial creations ( ,engli% elegiacs1 ,engli% anacreontics1 etc4--metres bas$ ma9ly on iambs & tro*ees1 ?\gh ) "s trisyllabic feet grudg+ly all[$4 ,he n m]ely does n support ! dactylic hexamet]1 b pron\nces aga9/ x2 & 8 ma9 objection seems to lie aga9/ rhyme4 ,he also1 l ,/anyhur/1 attempts a s*eme ( ,engli% quantity1 ?\gh he admits ! abundance ( common syllables ) u4 ,daniel 9 8 answ] conf9$ himself to g5]alities1 b ) ! mo/ triumphant effect--bas+ 8 def5ce ( rhyme on ,cu/om & ,nature2 alleg+ ! omnipot5ce ( delight :i* is unque/ionably giv5 by & receiv$ f rhyme2 & ask+ :y1 :5 9 polity1 religion1 etc41 we notori\sly & pr(\ndly diff] f ! ,greeks & ,lat9s1 we are to imitate !m 9 v]se8 ,he po9ts out1 aga9 ) absolute tru?1 t ,campion's own v]sification is mo/ly or :olly no?+ b old =ms /ripp$ ( rhyme1 & urges ! hopelessness ( adju/+1 ev5 on ! re=m]'s own sy/em1 ,engli% quantity to classical4 ,) ?is ! ?+ became1 & 0 long wisely all[$ to be1 res judicata4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5 ,jonson1 ,drayton1 ,beaumont4 ,9 a s5se ?is little book1 or r pamphlet1 may be said to conclude ! fir/ bat* or p]iod ( prosodic /udy 9 ,engli%4 ,= ! :ole ( ! sev5te5? c5tury aft] x1 ?\gh "o ( ! mo/ important practically 9 ! entire hi/ory1 sees v little !oretical discussion4 ,b5 ,jonson _h1 we are told1 writt5 a treatise aga9/ bo? ,campion & ,daniel1 especially ! la/1 prais+ c\plets to be ! brave/ sort ( v]ses1 especially :5 !y are brok5 l hexamet]s1 & aga9/ cross-rhymes & /anzas4 ,b we h n 8 own au?ority = ?is1 :i* is only report$ by ,drummond1 & ! exact int]pretation to be put ^u brok5 l hexamet]s is absolutely unc]ta94 ,! surfeit ( /anza#ach is1 h[ev]1 an obvi\s fact1 & is borne witness to by ,drayton1 9 ! rem>ks above ref]r$ to1 & by o!rs--?+s culm9at+ 9 ! v]se precepts ( ,sir ,john ,beaumont 7v4 sup47 recomm5d+ ! /opp$ di/i* 9 a =m :i* is almo/ eighte5? c5tury4 ,_h ,jonson f9i%$ 8 ,engli% ,gramm> & giv5 ! prosodic section :i* he promis$1 we %\ld "k m4 ,sid5ote3 ,jo%ua ,poole & ,j4 ,d4 ,z x is1 !re is no?+ ( importance be=e ! ,re/oration except ! ,engli% ,p>nassus ( ,jo%ua ,poole1 publi%$ po/hum\sly1 ) a rem>kable ,preface sign$ ,j4 ,d41 :i* 9 po9t ( "t might be--b :i* !re is n ! slighte/ reason except date & initials to suppose to be--,dryd5's4 ,?is ,introduction is p>tly hi/orical & n ignorant1 :ile ! au?or %[s good s5se & ta/e by object+ to wr5*$ rhymes 7nture & endre71 to ! habit ( apo/rophation or cutt+ out syllables suppos$ to be extra-metrical1 & sub/itut+ apo/rophes1#aci :i* 0 infe/+ ! pr9t+ ( ! day1 & 01 to ! great corroboration ( prosodic h]esies1 n got rid ( = a c5tury & a half4 ,he dislikes1 too1 ! heavily ov]lapp$ v]ses !n preval5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,milton4 ,milton1 inf]ior to no ,engli% poet 9 8 practical importance z a ma/] ( prosody1 & p]haps sup]ior to all except ,%akespe>e1 has no?+ ab\t x 9 ! precepti/ way1 except 8 r petulant outbreak aga9/ rhyme#adj 9 ! adv]tisem5t to ,p>adise ,lo/ 7an outbreak l>gely neutralis$ by 8 own practice1 n only e>li]1 b lat]71 & ! ref]5ce to committ+ %ort & long 9 ,sonnet ,,xiii4#ada ,sid5ote3 ,dryd54 ,& ,dryd5 almo/ repeats ! tantalis+ conditions ( ,jonson's attitude to ! subject4 ,he tells u t he actually _h 9 prep>ation a treatise on x2 b no?+ m has ev] be5 he>d ( ?is1 &1 l>ge z is ! am\nt ( 8 "w 9 lit]>y criticism1 8 ref]5ces to ?is "p ( x are few & are mo/ly vague4 ,he does inde$ tell u t no v[el c be cut (f be=e ano!r :5 we _c s9k ! pronunciation ( x1 & if ?is obs]vation be ext5d$ to elision g5]ally x is important4 ,sid5ote3 ,wood=d4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ significant passages on prosody ( ! lat] sev5te5? c5tury are ! "w ( a m obscure writ]1 ,samuel ,wood=d1 9 8 ,prefaces to ,p>aphrases ( ! ,psalms 7#affg7 & ! ,canticles 7#afgh74 ,"h criticis+1 z no "o else did1 ,milton f ! prosodic po9t ( view soon aft] date1 he recognises & def5ds trisyllabic feet1 b is dis9cl9$ to blank v]se1 reg>d+ 7& actually arrang+7 x z rhy?m$ prose4 ,! ref]5ces ( ,"l ,roscommon & "o or two o!rs 9 v]se1 z well z ( critics ( %ad[y notoriety l ,rym] & ,d5nis 9 prose1 are mo/ly trivial4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp>ative b>r5ness ( ! :ole4 ,9 ?is fir/ division ( ,engli% prosodi/s !re is obs]vable a want ( ?or\ghness--at fir/ sight p]haps /range1 b easily explicable--:i* makes mo/ ( _! "w little m ?an a curiosity4 ,! only book :i* attempts to grapple some:at me?odically ) ! :ole subject--t attribut$ to ,putt5ham--lab\rs "u two fatal disadvantages4 ,! fir/ is t ! writ] has a mo/ imp]fect k1 or r an almo/ unmix$ ignorance1 ( :at has come be=e him2 & ! second is t he naturally _c "k :at w come aft] him1 :ile :at actually did come imm$iately aft] him happ5s to be "o ( ! greate/ bodies1 9 bulk & m]it & v>iety1 ( ,engli% poetry4 ,! two mo/ gift$ p]sons :o ?9k ( treat+ x1 ,jonson & ,dryd51 d n actually d s2 & x may be m ?an d\bt$ :e!r1 _h !y done s1 ignorance ( ! pa/ w\ld n /ill h /ood 9 _! way4 ,x is true t ,dryd5's obit] dictum1 t y mu/ n elide :at y mu/ pron\nce1 is a sort ( ark ( salvation :i* c>ries all ! elem5ts ( a s\nd prosody 9 x4 ,b x is n c]ta9 t ! writ] q saw its full be>+1 & t be>+ 0 c]ta9ly n se5 by o!rs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,gascoigne's innoc5t b unlucky rem>k ab\t ! s+le two-syllabl$ foot expresses an op9ion :i*1 ?\gh :olly errone\s1 und\bt$ly did prevail v widely ?r\gh\t ! :ole p]iod4 ,! evid5ce ( its falsity 0 inde$ con/antly accumulat+ 9 blank v]se dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 9 def9ite trisyllabic metres dur+ ! second4 ,b ?is evid5ce 0 ignor$ or disoblig+ly receiv$2 & :51 at ! v beg9n+ ( ! eighte5?1 ,bys%e once m attempt$ =mulation ( prosodic or?odoxy1 he arrang$ a code :i*1 z long z x 0 obs]v$1 half maim$ ! s9ews & half ?rottl$ ! song ( ,engli% poetry4 ,,footnotes3 #acj ,p]haps g5]al = a /anza4 ,c]ta9ly us$ 9 "o case = a six-l9$ "o ( f\r long] l9es & two %ort]4 #aca ,9 8 ,troy ,book he says t1 z ?o at t "t he set aside tru? ( metre1 _h no guide 9 t art1 & took no he$ ( %ort & long4 #acb ,h\se ( ,fame1 ,book ,,iii41 :]e he disclaims int5tion to %ew art poetical1 speaks ( 8 rhyme z light & lew$ unle>n$1 admits t "s v]ses may fail 9 a syllable1 & prec$es 7possibly patt]n+7 ,g[] 9 di/+ui%+ rhyme & cad5ce4 #acc ,he says t ! sub/itution ( ,procurator = ,emp]or _h mair grievd ! cad5ce ,?an _h relievd ! s5t5ce mean+4 #acd ,= editions1 etc41 ( ?is & o!r books nam$ & discuss$ 9 ?is survey1 see ,bibliography4 #ace ,! passage ref]r$ to above 7p4 #aff7 z illu/rat+ ?is1 9 ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates 7ed4 ,haslewood1 ii4 #cid1 & see ,hi/4 ,pros4 ii4 #ahh71 is ant]ior to ,gascoigne4 #acf ,obs]ve t ?is might be scann$ ,no wight 9 ?is _w t weal? c atta94 ,b !n x w\ld n be ano!r k9d ( metre4 ,! rem>k is n )\t be>+ on ! sugge/$ possibility ( ,sp5s]'s ,febru>y be+ mi/ak5 h]oic4 #acg ,at ?is "t ! te*nical phrase = classical-quantitative v]sification )\t rhyme4 #ach ,:i*1 let x be rememb]$1 _h dom9at$ ,engli% poetry1 9 rhyme-royal1 = ne>ly two c5turies f ,*auc] to ,sackville1 & !n 9 ! ,sp5s]ian1 ! octave1 & o!rs1 = ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury m4 ,^! surfeits always recur1 ?\gh ! octosyllabic c\plet has suff]$ lea/ f !m4 #aci ,wat'ry1 prosp'r\s1 & ev5 vi'let4 #adj ,z ! inv5tion ( a b>b>\s age to set (f wret*$ matt] & lame metre1 a b>b>\s & mod]n bondage1 contra/+ ) apt numb]s1 fit quantity ( syllables1 & ! s5se v>i\sly drawn out f "o v]se to ano!r4 #ada ,?is phrase1 :i* has be5 treat$ z enigmatic1 is q cle> 9 ! context1 address$ to ,lawes ! musician z "o ,^: tuneful & well-measur$ song ,fir/ taught our ,engli% music h[ to span ,words ) j note & acc5t1 n to scan ,) ,midas' e>s1 committ+ %ort & long4 ,t is to say1 ,lawes 0 n guilty1 z mo/ compos]s notori\sly are1 ( lay+ musical /ress on a syllable t c\ld n prosodically be> x4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,f ,,bys%e ,,to ,,gue/ ,sid5ote3 ,bys%e's ,art ( ,poetry4 ,9 #agjb1 j aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! new c5tury1 !re appe>$ a book :i*1 ?\gh x receiv$ little directly critical notice1 & 0 spok5 ( ) disapproval by "s :o did notice x1 0 repeat$ly repr9t$1 & :i* express$1 beyond all reasonable d\bt1 ideas preval5t l>gely = a c5tury or m be=e x1 & almo/ univ]sally = a c5tury or m aft] x4 ,?is 0 ! ,art ( ,poetry ( ,edw>d ,bys%e4 ,! bulk ( x is compos$ ( diction>ies ( rhyme1 etc4 ,b a brief ,introduction puts ) equal concis5ess & cle>ness ! foll[+ views on ,engli% prosody4 ,! /ructure ( our v]ses1 :e!r blank or 9 rhyme1 consi/s 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables2 n 9 feet compos$ ( long & %ort syllables4 ,he works ?is out c>efully--expla9+ t v]ses ( d\ble rhyme w always want "o m syllable ?an v]ses ( s+le2 decasyllables becom+ h5decasyllables1 v]ses ( eight syllables turn+ to n9e1 v]ses ( sev5 to eight4 ,?is mu/ also be obs]v$ 9 blank v]se4 ,!n ( ! sev]al sorts ( v]ses4 ,our poetry1 he ?9ks1 admits1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( b ?ree v]ses--^? ( t51 eight1 or sev5 syllables4 ,^? ( f\r1 six1 n9e1 elev51 twelve1 & f\rte5 are g5]ally employ$ 9 masques & op]as & 9 ! /anzas ( lyric & ,p9d>ic odes4 ,we h few entire poems compos$ 9 !m2 ?\gh twelve & f\rte5 may be ins]t$ 9 o!r measures & ev5 c>ry a peculi> grace ) !m4 ,9 decasyllabic v]se two ?+s are to be consid]$--! seat ( ! acc5t & ! pause4 ,! pause ought to be at ! f\r?1 fif?1 or six? syllable4 ,! /ronge/ acc5t mu/ be on ! second1 f\r?1 & six?4 ,b he says no?+ ab\t acc5t 9 ! la/ f\r places2 inde$ he is less explicit ab\t ! second half ( ! l9e ?r\gh\t4 ,& he says less ab\t acc5t g5]ally ?an ab\t pause1 ?\gh he is sure t wrong plac+ ( x is z great a fault 9 ,engli% z a false quantity 0 9 ! classical languages4 ,to make a good decasyllable y mu/ be c>eful t ! acc5t is nei!r on ! ?ird nor on ! fif?--a curi\s crab-l way ( approa*+ ! subject1 b br++ out 9 /rong relief ! ma9 pr9ciple ( all ?is legislation1 ,?\ %alt n4 ,! v]se ( sev5 syllables1 h[ev]1 is mo/ beautiful :5 ! /ronge/ acc5t is on ! ?ird4 ,m curi\s /ill is 8 way ( approa*+ trisyllabic metres4 ,z su*1 he w n s mu* z speak ( !m4 ,v]ses ( n9e & elev5 syllables1 x seems1 are ( two sorts4 ,^? acc5t$ on ! la/ save "o are m]ely ! r$undant eights & t5s already spok5 (4 ,! o!r class is ^? t are acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 :i* are employ$ only 9 compositions = music1 & 9 ! l[e/ sort ( burlesque poetry1 ! disagreeabl5ess ( _! measure hav+ :olly exclud$ !m f grave & s]i\s subjects4 ,^! are nei!r m nor less ?an anap/ic ?ree- & f\r-foot v]ses2 ?\gh = "s extraord9>y reason ,bys%e does n ev5 m5tion ! full twelve-syllable =m "u any head :atev]4 ,i suppose ! l[ness & disagreeabl5ess ( ! ?+ 0 too mu* = him1 & z he _h disall[$ feet he _h1 at any rate1 "s logical excuse 9 mak+ no?+ ( !m4 ,he admits triplets 9 h]oic1 & repeats 8 admission ( ,alex&r9es & f\rte5]s4 ,! v]ses ( f\r or six syllables h no?+ wor? obs]v+1 ?\gh he condesc5ds to give "s f ,dryd54 ,"u ! head ( ,rules conduc+ to ! beauty ( our v]sification1 & ) ! exordium1 ,our poetry be+ v mu* poli%$ & ref9$ s9ce ! days ( ,*auc]1 ,sp5s]1 & o!r anci5t poets1 we f9d t y mu/ avoid hiatus2 always cut (f ! e ( ! be=e a v[el2 nev] all[ su* collocations z ?y iambics or into a book2 nev] value su* syllables z amazd & lovd1 b always contract !m2 avoid allit]ation2 nev] split adjective f sub/antive1 or preposition f v]b1 at ! end ( a l9e4 ,beaute\s is b two syllables1 victori\s b ?ree4 ,y mu/ n make riot "o syllable z ,milton does4#adb ,y may contract vi'let & di'mond1 & if y d1 %\ld write !m s4 ,temp'rance1 diff'r5t1 etc41 are all "r2 & y may use fab'l\s & m>'n]4 ,b ,bys%e ackn[l$ges t ?is is n s frequ5t4 ,& he rejects or d\bts "s ( ! m viol5t & mo/ hide\s apo/rophations1 su* z1 b' = by1 b has no d\bt ab\t t'amaze1 ,i'm1 !y've1 & mo/ o!rs4 ,rhyme is n v fully dealt )1 b = ! mo/ "p correctly en\gh--s f> z ,bys%e's pr9ciples g4 ,/anzas ( int]mix$ rhyme 7l rhyme-royal1 ! octave1 & ! ,sp5s]ian7 are n[ :olly laid aside1 = long poems at lea/4 ,%akespe>e inv5t$ blank v]se to escape ! tiresome con/ra9t ( rhyme4 ,acro/ics & anagrams des]ve n to be m5tion$4 ,sid5ote3 ,its importance4 ,if any "o has read ?is acc\nt c>efully he w p]ceive at once :at ,bys%e's ideals & /&>ds are4 ,!y put ! /rict decasyllabic c\plet1 ) no sub/itution1 no ov]runn+ ( l9es1 a fix$ middle pause1 & z ne>ly z possible an unv>i$ iambic cad5ce1 into ! pr9cipal place--if n q ! sole place ( hon\r--9 ,engli% poetry4 ,!y fr[n ^u /anzas1 ^u v>i$ metres ( any k9d1 & ev5 ^u unv>i$ anape/ic or triple measures4 ,/rict syllabic scansion1 ) a consid]ation ( acc5t1 is ! only process all[$2 & ev5 ,dryd51 j dead1 & /ill reg>d$ z ! greate/ ( ,engli% poets1 is directly ?\gh g5tly reproa*$ = too great v>iety & laxity1 z well z indirectly blam$ = us+ l[ & disagreeable =ms4 ,! au?or seems to h be5 a v obscure p]son1 ( :om little or no?+ is kn[n2 b any "o :o really kn[s ,engli% poetry w see t he practically expresses ! m9d t dom9at$ x dur+ almo/ ! :ole ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9or prosodi/s ( ! mid-eighte5? c5tury4 ,ei!r f ,bys%e's />t+ ! "q2 or f ! same g5]al influ5ce :i* made him />t x2 or f ! suppos$ t5d5cy1 n to be too ha/ily accept$1 ( a lull 9 creative poetry to be foll[$ by an access ( criticism--!re is1 f ?is "t onw>d1 no lack ( prosodic "w4 ,john ,brightl&1 9 an ,engli% ,gramm> 7#agaa71 oppos$ ,bys%e on ! subject ( acc5t2 & he 0 also spok5 ( disp>ag+ly by ,*>les ,gildon1 :o produc$ two books1 ,! ,complete ,art ( ,poetry 7#agah7 & ! ,laws ( ,poetry 7#agba74 ,gildon 0 a p]t & r sup]ficial writ] :o des]v$ly came "u ! la% ( ,pope2 &1 ?\gh nei!r q ignorant nor q /upid1 he initiat$ a c\rse ( error :i* has nev] yet be5 /opp$1 by confus+ prosody ) music & arrang+ x by musical signs4 ,betwe5 ,bys%e & 8 two critics ,dr4 ,watts _h1 9 ! preface to 8 ,horae ,lyricae1 giv5 "s prosodic rem>ks indicat+ discont5t ) ! monotony ( ! c\plet1 an appreciation 7n unmix$ ) criticism7 ( ,milton1 & o!r good ?+s4 ,b1 be=e long1 ! "q :e!r ,acc5t or ,quantity gov]ns ,engli% v]se--(t5 complicat$ ) ! attempt to int]pret ?is latt] by musical notation--absorb$ an altoge!r disproportionate am\nt ( att5tion4 ,! works ( ,pemb]ton 7#agch71 ,ma9w>+1 ,fo/]1 ,h>ris1 ,"l ,kames1 ,webb1 & ,say 7#agdd7 mu/ be consult$ by exhau/ive /ud5ts ( ! subject1 & w be f\nd duly comm5t$ ^u 9 ! l>g] ,hi/ory by ! pres5t writ]4 ,b !y h>dly ne$ detail$ notice "h1 any m ?an ! lat] lucubrations ( ,"l ,monboddo1 ,tuck]1 ,n>es1 ,fogg1 & o!rs4 ,_! g5]al t5d5cy--:i* 0 inde$1 z has be5 said1 ! g5]al t5d5cy ( ! c5tury1 correctly h>b+]$ by ,bys%e--0 to conc5trate att5tion on ! h]oic l9e1 & inde$ to reg>d x z /rictly iambic1 trisyllabic feet be+ :olly reject$1 & ev5 tro*aic sub/itution ei!r reject$ likewise1 z by ,pemb]ton1 or reg>d$ z a m or less que/ionable lic5ce4 ,b ! subject 0 also h&l$ by p]sons ( m lit]>y importance1 & 9 "s cases1 ?\gh n 9 all1 ( m insight & m k4 ,sid5ote3 ,dr4 ,johnson4 ,! mo/ rem>kable expon5t ( ! g5]al prosodic ideas ( ! c5tury is und\bt$ly ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1 :o1 ?\gh he wrote no special prosodic treatise1 dealt ) ! subject 9 8 ,diction>y1 9 ! ,rambl] 7especially 9 connection ) ,milton71 & 9 8 ,lives ( ! ,poets4 ,except t ,johnson does admit feet--or at lea/ _! names--8 doctr9e 9 ! ,diction>y h>dly diff]s f ,bys%e's z to ! syllabic norm ( l9es1 ! /rict regul>ity ( acc5t con/itut+ h>mony1 & ! duty ( comp\nd+ sup]flu\s syllables by elision1 synalpha1 etc4 ,he applies ^! doctr9es 9 ! ,lives1 & /ill m 9 8 pap]s on ,milton1 ,sp5s]1 etc41 9 ! ,rambl]4 ,! spondees 9 ,milton's l9es-- ,b? /od1 ,b? trn$1 & ! tro*ees 9 8 ,uncropp$ flls t ! gr\nd1 & 9 ,c[ley's ,& ! s(t w+s ( peace cvr him r\nd1 are condemn$ z inh>moni\s4 ,he objects to ,milton's elisions--t is to say1 ! devices necess>y on 8 own sy/em to avoid trisyllabic feet--& s to ^! feet !mselves4 ,he ?9ks ! ,sp5s]ian /anza1 ,lycidas1 & ! end ( ,comus bad1 because ! l9es & rhymes are n regul>ly arrang$4 ,9 %ort1 he is an unhesitat+--& almo/ ! greate/--believ] 9 ! %e]1 alt]nately acc5t$1 middle-paus$1 syllabically limit$ decasyllable2 ?\gh1 ) p]haps inevitable inconsi/5cy1 he does admit t1 )\t v>iation ( acc5t1 ! s]ies ( s\nds w\ld be n only v difficult b tiresome & disgu/+1 :ile ma9ta9+ at ! same "t /\tly t ?is v>iation always injures ! h>mony ( ! l9e consid]$ by itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,%5/one4 ,! inconv5i5ces ( ?is rigid sy/em 7 n1 h[ev]1 entirely unnotic$4 ,at an unc]ta9 "t1 b probably betwe5 #agdj & 8 dea?1 ! poet ,william ,%5/one urg$1 9 a po/hum\sly publi%$ ,essay1 ! beauty ( :at he call$ virtual dactyls--t is to say1 words l watery & totter+1--di/9ctly argu+ t x seems absurd to pr9t !m o!rwise ?an at full l5g?--! o!rwise be+ ! e/abli%$ practice1 bas$ ^u def9ite !ory1 ( ! c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,%]idan4 ,johnson's fri5d ! elocutioni/ ,%]idan1 9 8 ,art ( ,read+ 7#agge71 calls x absurd 7z x c]ta9ly is7 to reg>d e*o+ z metrically e*'+4 ,&1 lat]1 ! poet ,c[p]1 ?\gh us+ ambigu\s & irresolute t]m9ology on ! subject1 admits ! div9e h>mony ( ,milton's elisions--by :i*1 he expla9s 9 ! mo/ self-contradictory way1 ! l9e is l5g!n$4 ,sid5ote3 ,john ,mason4 ,:ile mu* e>li]1 at ! v middle ( ! c5tury1 ,john ,mason1 a little-kn[n diss5t+ m9i/]1 :o 01 l ,%]idan1 a tea*] ( elocution1 quot+ & scann+ ! l9es-- ,& _m an amor\s1 _m a humor\s lay1 ,:i* _m a b>d _h *ant$ _m a day1 obs]ves t ?is1 ?\gh x increases ! numb] ( syllables1 sweet5s ! fl[ ( ! v]se1 gives a sweetness t is n ord9>ily f\nd 9 ! common iambic v]se4 ,x w\ld be impossible to /ate m correctly or m def9itely ! case = ! equival5t sub/itutional trisyllabic foot 9 ,engli%4 ,b1 z we %all see1 x 0 to be ne>ly two g5]ations be=e consid]able poets boldly adopt$ 7ev5 !n n always di/9ctly *ampion+7 ! idea1 & an entire c5tury1 if n m1 be=e ! pr9ciple 0 ?or\ghly accept$ & und]/ood4 ,sid5ote3 ,mit=d4 ,two delib]ate prosodi/s1 9 two books publi%$ )9 a twelvemon? ( ea* o!r1 are memorable z 7if n exactly />t+7 =mulat+1 9 a m elaborate way ?an _h ev] be5 done be=e1 ! "o a mis*iev\s & false1 ! o!r ! only true me?od ( deal+ ) prosody4 ,jo%ua ,/eele1 9 8 ,prosodia ,rationalis 7#agge71 is n always wrong2 & ,william ,mit=d is n by any means inv>iably "r--9 fact1 he p>tly %>es ,/eele's error4 ,b 8 ,h>mony ( ,engli% ,v]se 7#aggd7 is ev5 !n to a great ext5t1 & 9 its second edition1 ?irty ye>s lat]1 mu* m1 occupi$ ) a c>eful hi/orical inquiry z to ! actual successive =ms ( 8 subject f ! e>lie/ p]iod4 ,at fir/ he _h n ev5 ,tyr:itt's invaluable ,*auc]--:i* appe>$ 9 ! ye> aft] ,/eele's book--to guide him3 lat] he avail$ himself ( ! great accessions to ! /udy ( ,middle & ,elizabe?an ,engli% :i* ! int]v5+ g5]ation _h se54 ,& s1 ?\gh he believ$ too mu* 9 acc5t1 & reli$ too mu* on ! dang]\s assi/ance ( music1 he frequ5tly came "r4 ,he has no d\bt 7z x is a/oni%+ t an hi/orical /ud5t %\ld h any d\bt7 ab\t trisyllabic feet2 he likes :at he calls ab]ration ( acc5t1 i4e4 tro*aic sub/itution2 & he %[s ! possession ( a f95ess & cultivation ( e> n z yet noticeable 9 any ,engli% prosodi/1 by obs]v+ ! pres5ce ( anap/ic rhy?m 9 ! reviv$ allit]ative v]se ( ,langl&4 ,except ! inadequate & p]functory1 z well z ( necessity m]ely in*oate1 sket*es ( ,webbe & ,putt5ham1 ?is 0 ! fir/ attempt really to take ,engli% poetry into consid]ation :5 /udy+ ,engli% prosody2 & x _h its rew>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,jo%ua ,/eele4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,/eele1 :o has be5 foll[$ by _m o!r prosodi/s ( ! same s*ool1 entirely neglect$ ! hi/orical cont5ts ( 8 subject1 approa*+ x absolutely a priori1 decid+ t x is ess5tially a matt] ( music1 & bas+ 8 scansions on purely musical pr9ciples4 ,?is l$ him to beg9 ) an anacrusis 9 e case1 & s to inv]t ! :ole rhy?m ( ! l9e4 ,he has be5 prais$ = 8 views on "t 9 ! ab/ract1 & may des]ve ! praise2 :ile he 0 c]ta9ly "r 9 reg>d+ pause z an important metrical con/itu5t4 ,b :atev] m]it !re may be 9 8 pr9ciples f an ab/ract po9t ( view1 8 concrete practice is simply atroci\s1 & proves him to h _h absolutely no e> = ,engli% v]se :atev]4 ,he makes six feet or cad5ces ) prop] re/s1 at lea/1 & sometimes m1 9 e h]oic l9e1 s t he w\ld scan "o fam\s l9e ?us-- ,o happ9ess1 our be+'s end & aim1 & he arranges ! op5+ l9es ( ,p>adise ,lo/ = scansion ?us-- ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce & ! fruit ( t =- bidd5 tree ^: mortal ta/e br\ght dea? into ! _w & all our woe1 ,s+1 ,heav5ly ,muse4 ,x mu/ be p]fectly evid5t to any "o :o w read ^! examples1 ev5 to himself1 b /ill m al\d1 n m]ely t !y entirely de/roy ! actual cad5ce & rhy?m ( ! actual v]ses1 b t !y provide a new dogg]el :i* is absolutely inh>moni\s1 unrhy?mical1 & contr>y to e pr9ciple & quality ( ,engli% poetry4 ,x w\ld d\btless be possible to accommodate !m ) a tune2 9 fact1 any "o :o has ev] look$ at a set song w see h[ !y correspond to x4 ,b !n any "o :o has ev] look$ at a set song mu/1 9 a majority ( cases1 h be5 conv9c$ at once t musical arrangem5t has no?+ to d ) prosodic4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/orical & ,romantic prosody4 ,x 0 inevitable t ! ,romantic movem5t--"o ( ! pr9cipal causes & features ( :i* 0 a dem& = v>iety1 :ile ano!r 0 its disposition to return to old] modes--%\ld be l>gely conc]n$ ) prosody2 b1 ) "s notable exceptions1 ?is conc]nm5t did n take ! =m ( actual prosodic deliv]ances or discussions4 ,sid5ote3 ,gray ,gray1 "o ( ! *ief precursors ( ! movem5t1 _h project$ a regul> hi/ory ( ,engli% poetry1 & has left invaluable notes "u ! g5]al head ( ,metrum--notes 9 :i* he goes back1 delib]ately & directly1 to ,middle ,engli%1 discov]s !re9 ! orig9 & nature ( ! metre ( ,sp5s]'s ,febru>y1 etc41 & has v good rem>ks ab\t o!rs4 ,b x 0 n till ! /ir ( ! revolution>y p]iod t mu* m 0 done1 & ev5 !n m 0 done ?an said4 ,sid5ote3 ,taylor & ,say]s4 ,! ,g]man explorations ( ,william ,taylor ( ,norwi* induc$ ,engli% writ]s to foll[ ! ,g]man attempt at acc5tual hexamet]s2 & ano!r ( ! ,norwi* gr\p1 ,frank ,say]s1 n m]ely wrote1 b exp\nd$ & def5d$ 9 prose1 rhymeless metres ( a *oric "*2 bo? be+--9 "p1 if n ma9ly--revolts f ! me*anical h]oic c\plet4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\!y4 ,8 importance4 ,be=e ! end ( ! c5tury1 long be=e ,col]idge publi%$ ! explanatory note on ,*ri/abel metre1 & n improbably be=e he _h ev5 ?\ght ( t note1 ,s\!y _h n only us$ trisyllabic equival5ce 9 8 ,ballads1 b _h =mally & indep5d5tly def5d$ x z su* 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,wynn4#adc ,sid5ote3 ,wordswor?4 ,wordswor? says v little ab\t metrical detail 9 8 fam\s ,preface to ! second edition ( ! ,lyrical ,ballads & its successors--appe>+ to ?9k1 & inde$ 9 "o place ass]t+1 t h>mony ( numb]s comes ( itself to a p]son :o has o!r poetical qualifications4 ,sid5ote3 ,col]idge4 ,8 two j-m5tion$ fri5ds1 h[ev]1 lodg$1 at a slightly lat] p]iod1 two ( ! mo/ important precepti/ docum5ts ( ,engli% prosody1 ?\gh !y 7 docum5ts diff]+ v widely 9 ! ext5t & "* ( _! importance4 ,^! 7 ,col]idge's note on ! metre ( ,*ri/abel1 & ,s\!y's ,preface to ! ,vision ( ,judgm5t4 ,! latt] is too long to give1 & is writt5 f a mi/ak5 po9t ( view2 b x1 & ! mu*-ridicul$ poem :i* x accompani$1 und\bt$ly re/>t$ ! practice ( attempt+ to write ,engli% hexamet]s1 :i* has be5 cont9u$1 ) "s int]vals & "s episodes1 b at times mo/ busily1 ev] s9ce4 ,! =m] mu/ be giv5 at l5g?1 & "s comm5t made on x3-- ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/abel1 its !ory & its practice4 ,! metre ( ! ,*ri/abel is n1 prop]ly speak+1 irregul>1 ?\gh x may seem s f its be+ f\nd$ on a new pr9ciple1 namely1 t ( c\nt+1 9 ea* l9e1 ! acc5ts1 n ! syllables4 ,?\gh ! latt] may v>y f sev5 to twelve1 yet 9 ea* l9e ! acc5ts w be f\nd to be only f\r4 ,nev]!less ?is occasional v>iation 9 numb] ( syllables is n introduc$ wantonly1 or = ! m]e ends ( conv5i5ce1 b 9 correspond5ce ) "s transition 9 ! nature ( ! imag]y or passion4 ,:at ,*ri/abel metre really 0 has be5 exp\nd$ e>li]1 & its au?or's acc\nt ( x is n a little surpris+4 ,:5 he call$ its pr9ciple new he mu/ h =gott5--n exactly ! ,middle ,engli% writ]s1 :om he v likely did n "k1 nor p]haps ,gray1 ?\gh ! latt]'s rem>ks on ,sp5s]'s ,febru>y 7 actually publi%$ be=e ,*ri/abel1 b--,sp5s] himself & ,*att]ton 7bo? ( :om he c]ta9ly knew1 if n ,blake also71 z well z ! v ballad-writ]s :om he _h himself imitat$ 9 ! ,anci5t ,m>9]4 ,8 m5tion ( acc5ts & n feet argues an errone\s & inadequate !ory :i* leaves mu* ( ! beauty ( 8 own "w unexpla9$2 :ile x c be %[n f ! text itself t ! v>iation ( syllables1 ?\gh metrically beautiful1 (t5 does n correspond at all ) any special po9t ( s5se1 passion1 imag]y1 or any?+ else4 ,b 8 practice m ?an cur$ any w\nd :i* 8 !ory may h inflict$4 ,sid5ote3 ,prosodi/s f #ahjj to #ahej4 ,9 comp>ison ) ,s\!y's & ,col]idge's rem>ks1 & /ill m ) ! practice ( ! latt] 9 ,*ri/abel & ! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ! precepti/ prosody ( ! extreme end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! fir/ ?ird ( ! n9ete5? becomes1 except = exhau/ive /ud5ts ( ! subject1 a m]e curiosity1 & n a v int]e/+ "o4 ,prosodic rem>ks1 mo/ly errone\s or inadequate1 f\nd _! way into popul> h&books1 su* z ,walk]'s ,diction>y 7almo/ :olly wrong7 & ,l9dley ,murray's ,gramm> 7p>tially "r74 ,! musical !ories ( ,/eele 7 tak5 up by o!rs1 su* z ,odell1 ,roe1 &1 above all1 ! republican lectur] ,!lwall1 :o1 escap+ ! consequ5ces ( 8 e>li] extravagances1 became a tea*] ( elocution4 ,! new ,reviews gave opportunity = occasional critical rem>ks on ! subject--! mo/ notable ( :i* 0 ! ,qu>t]ly review1 by ,crok]1 ( ,keats's ,endymion1--usually embody+ ! cramp$ & ignorant doctr9airism ( ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,s\!y's hexamet]s />t$ a l>ge am\nt ( writ+ on t subject4 ,9 #ahaf ,john ,c>ey1 compil] ( ! be/-kn[n ,lat9 ,gradus & au?or ( _m cribs & s*ool editions1 repeat$ mo/ ( ! errors ( ,bys%e1 b did grudg+ly all[ trisyllabic feet2 & 9 #ahbg ,william ,cr[e1 a m9or poet & ,public ,orator at ,ox=d1 wrote a treatise ( ,engli% ,v]sification--good 9 me?od1 b bad 9 pr9ciple--condemn+ ! adju/m5t ( v %ort to long] l9es1 etc4 ,no?+ ( ?is p]iod comes 9 importance ne> to t second edition ( ,mit=d 7#ahjd1 ) mo/ ( ! hi/orical matt] add$7 :i* has be5 notic$4 ,sid5ote3 ,gue/4 ,b 9 #ahch--;aft] ! appe>ance ( ,t5nyson & ,br[n+1 b :5 no public att5tion _h be5 paid to !m--appe>$ ! mo/ elaborate1 ambiti\s1 &1 p>tly at lea/1 valuable "w t _h yet be5 writt5 on ! subject--! ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,rhy?ms1 by ,edw9 ,gue/1 !n ,fell[1 aft]w>ds ,ma/]1 ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,gue/ took ne>ly two ye>s betwe5 ! publication ( ! fir/ & second volumes ( 8 book1 & admitt$ly *ang$ 8 op9ions on "s po9ts1 b 8 ma9 !ories are unmi/akable4 ,he goes entirely by acc5t1 d5y+ metrical quantity 9 ,engli% altoge!r1 & impos+ curi\s arbitr>y rules 7su* z t two adjo9+ syllables _c be acc5t$ )\t a pause7 on acc5t itself4 ,b he possess$ an imm5se & truly admirable k ( ,engli% v]se--,old1 ,middle1 & ,mod]n--up to 8 "t2 & he lavi%$ ?is1 9 a mann] useful1 inde$ invaluable1 to ! pres5t day1 on ! support ( g5]al !ories :i*1 un=tunately1 are q uns\nd4 ,= ,gue/ seems to h conduct$ 8 "w "u ! influ5ces ( ?ree diff]5t obsessions1 no "o ( :i* he ev] work$ out ?or\ghly 9 all its be>+s1 :i* d n necess>ily imply ea* o!r1 & two ( :i* are ev5 r contradictory4 ,! fir/#adf 0 ! belief t our v]se is :olly dep5d5t ^u acc5t1 & t ! pr9ciples ( acc5tual rhy?m1 :atev] !y are1 gov]n x exclusively4 ,! second#adg 0 t ! laws ( ,engli% v]sification g5]ally are someh[ n only dep5d5t on ^? ( ,old ,engli% v]sification1 b id5tical ) !m1 & always to be adju/$ to !m4 ,! ?ird#adh 0 t1 some:]e ab\t ! e>ly ?irte5? c5tury1 & increas+ly till ! end ( ! f\rte5?1 !re took place a succession ( ali5 invasions :i* nev] result$ 9 a coalesc5ce or bl5d+1 b m]ely 9 ! pres5ce ( two ho/ile elem5ts2 & t :ile ! p]fect ,engli% v]sifi] w cl+ to ! old] & only g5u9e "o1 he mu/1 if he does n s cl+1 give x up altoge!r1 & h no?+ to d ) any?+ b ! rhy?m ( ! =eign]4 ,n[ :at has be5 already & w be lat] giv5 9 ?is book seems to %[ t ^! propositions are 9 fact false4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ?\gh acc5t plays a l>ge "p 9 ,engli% prosody1 t prosody is z f> z possible f be+ purely or exclusively acc5tual4 ,9 ! second1 ! olde/ ,engli% poetry & its y\ng] v>ieties are s utt]ly diff]5t t ! same laws _c1 except p] accid5s1 apply to !m4 ,9 ! ?ird1 in/ead ( two j>r+ elem5ts1 we f9d be=e u1 f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 at lea/1 onw>ds1 a m & m di/9ct & h>moni\s bl5d ( language1 result+1 ( necessity1 9 a m & m di/9ct & h>moni\s bl5d ( prosody4 ,b !re is also a f\r? pr9ciple1 :i* he adds to1 r ?an d$uces f1 ! o!r ?ree3-- ,t ! collocation ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables =ms sections1#adi :i* 9 turn =m1 & into :i* c be r$uc$1 all ,engli% v]se4 ,on ^! pr9ciples he w5t ?r\gh ! :ole body ( ,engli% v]se f ,ca$mon to ,col]idge1 arrang+ x ) inf9ite tr\ble on ! sectional sy/em1 & classify+ ! v]ses z ^? ( f\r acc5ts1 ^? ( five1 & s on1 ) suitable di/9ctions = /anzas1 etc4 ,un=tunately--to m5tion only ! cr[n+ & fatal fault :i* makes m5tion ( all o!rs 9 su* a book z ?is unnecess>y--he f9ds himself 9 p]petual conflict ) ! practice ( ! greate/ ,engli% poets 9 _! mo/ beautiful passages4 ,%akespe>e & ,milton g contr>y to e pr9ciple ( acc5tual rhy?m1 & use devices :i* !y h no "r to use4 ,col]idge & ,burns employ sections :i* h v little to recomm5d !m4 ,sp5s]'s v]se is want+ 9 good ta/e1 & ,byron's v]sification has nev] be5 prop]ly c5sur$4 ,x may seem incr$ible t a writ] ( le>n+ & acut5ess %\ld n h se5 ! absurdity ( 8 position :5 he tells beautiful poetry--sometimes admitt$ by himself z su*--t x has no bus9ess to be beautiful because x does n suit 8 rules4 ,b ! fact disposes ( him1 & ( ! rules !mselves1 )\t its be+ necess>y--?\gh x w\ld be easy--to prove _! want ( intr9sic ju/ification4 ,,footnotes3 #adb ,( c\rse ,milton does n4 #adc ,! passage is ( importance & mu/ be giv53-- ,& n[ 444 ,i proce$ to ! indictm5t ( my e>s4 ,if ! *>ge _h come f ,dapple x w\ld n h surpris$ me4 ,"o may fancy him possess$ ( m ?an ord9>y susceptibility ( e>2 b = ! irritability ( y\rs1 ,i _c s satisfactorily acc\nt4 ,i c\ld heap au?ority on au?ority = us+ two v %ort syllables 9 blank v]se in/ead ( "o--!y take up only ! "t ( "o4#add ',_s' 9 p>ticul> is repeat$ly plac$ z a monosyllable 9 ,milton2 & "s ( 8 ass-editors h attempt$ to pr9t x z "o1 n feel+ t ! rapid pronunciation ( ! two syllables does n l5g!n ! v]se m ?an ! dilat$ s\nd ( "o4 ,! o!r l9e y quote is /ill less objectionable1 because ! old ballad /yle requires rugg$ness1 if ?is l9e 7 rugg$2 & secondly1 because ! l9e itself rattles ov] ! tongue z smoo?ly z a curricle ^u d[n-turf3 hve mde cndls f nfnt's ft4 ,?is k9d ( cad5ce is repeat$ly us$ 9 ! ,old ,woman & 9 ! ',p>ody4'#ade ,! quantification1 x %\ld be obs]v$1 is orig9al4 #add ,italics add$4 #ade ,lett]s ( ,rob]t ,s\!y1 ed4 ,w>t] 7,london1 #ahef71 i4 #fi4 #adf ,! evid5ce ( ?is obsession is conc5trat$ 9 ,book ,i4 *ap4 iv4 pp4 #gd-aja2 b diffus$ ov] ! entire treatise4 #adg ,?is seems to h pres5t$ itself to him ?r\gh\t z a matt] ( c\rse1 n requir+ demon/ration & h>dly likely to be conte/$2 x is p]haps mo/ categorically affirm$ at ,book ,,ii4 *ap4 iii4 p4 #ahd4 #adh ,?is also is p]vad+4 ,x ga!rs itself up mo/ 9 ! context j cit$1 & at pp4 #cja & #djj-djb1 ! two la/ among ! mo/ surpris+ in/ances ( complete misund]/&+ ( hi/ory by a real hi/orical s*ol>4 #adi ,p]haps x %\ld be said t a section is a bundle ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables ext5d+ 9 possible bulk f ?ree syllables ) two acc5ts 7,gue/'s m9imum7 to elev5 syllables ) ?ree acc5ts4 ,( a pair ( ^!1 simil> or dissimil>1 a v]se consi/s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,lat] ,,n9ete5?-,,c5tury ,,prosodi/s ,sid5ote3 ,discussions on ! ,evangel9e hexamet]4 ,! am\nt ( prosodic writ+ dur+ ! la/ sev5ty ye>s has be5 v l>ge4 ,9 ! e>lie/ & late/ p>ts ( ! p]iod x 0 pr9cipally devot$ to ! subject ( ,engli% hexamet]s--9 ! fir/1 9 reg>d to ! acc5tual attempts ( ,longfell[1 to :i* ,evangel9e gave imm5se popul>ity2 9 ! la/1 to ! c\nt]-attempts at quantitative v]sification1 9 :i* ! feet are con/ruct$1 n ) ref]5ce to acc5t or to ! way 9 :i* ! words are ord9>ily pron\nc$1 b to indep5d5t & ev5 oppos$ temporal value d]iv$ f ! special s\nd atta*$ to ! v[el 7dol1 long2 fddle1 %ort1 etc471 or1 on semi-classical pr9ciples1 to :at is call$ position4 ,to analyse ! individual views ( critics on ^! two bodies ( que/ions w\ld be "h impossible1 & ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! l>g] ,hi/ory1 to ,mr4 ,omond's treatises1 or to ! orig9al works1 ! mo/ important ( :i* w be f\nd duly ent]$ 9 ! ,bibliography4 ,b we may summ>ise results "u ?ree heads4 ,i4 ,! acc5tual or ,evangel9e hexamet] has1 z has be5 said1 be5 at times f> f unpopul>2 b x has always dissatisfi$ nic] e>s by a c]ta9 inappropriat5ess :i* has be5 diff]5tly apprais$1 b :i* is evid5tly po9t$ at by ! apology ( its fir/ ext5sive practition]1 ,s\!y1 t he c\ld n get spondees en\gh1 & _h to be cont5t ) tro*ees4 ,?is inappropriat5ess has s9ce be5 *>act]is$ by an unsurpass$ exp]t 9 !ory & practice--,mr4 ,sw9burne--9 ! blunt ass]tion t to ,engli% all dactylic & spondaic =ms ( v]se are unnatural & abhorr5t4 ,,ii4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! s-call$ quantitative v]se is repulsive to ! same e>s 7unless1 l ,t5nyson's exp]im5ts1 x is accommodat$ to ord9>y pronunciation7 by ! v fact t x sets t pronunciation expressly at defiance1 & makes %e] j>gon ( ! language4 ,,iii4 ,consid]+ ^! facts1 "s 7among :om ! pres5t writ] is includ$7 reg>d an app>5t ,engli% hexamet]1 su* z t ( ,k+sley's ,&rom$a1 &1 /ill m1 t ( c]ta9 v]ses ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne himself1 z an admirable & glori\s metre1 b z n dactylic at all--scann+ x z a five-foot anap/ic ) anacrusis 7odd syllable at ! beg9n+7 & hyp]catalexis 7ditto at ! end74#aej ,sid5ote3 ,mid-c5tury prosodi/s4 ,( m g5]al prosodic inquiry "s selection-summ>y mu/ be giv54 ,gue/'s orig9al "w does n seem to h produc$ mu* effect1 save on specially s*ol>ly writ]s int]e/$ 9 ! subject1 l ,ar*bi%op ,tr5*2 ?\gh ! repr9t ( x1 =ty ye>s lat]1 _h1 z we %all see1 a great deal ( influ5ce4 ,except on ! hexamet] matt]1 !re 0 little done betwe5 #ahdj & close ^u #ahgj4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 un=tunate t1 at ! v op5+ ( ?is "t1 ,la?am's ,engli% ,language embodi$ "s v inadequate rem>ks on prosody1 includ+ ! symbol xa = an iamb1 :i* has too mu* p]meat$ ,engli% text-books s9ce4 ,! works ( ,ar*deacon ,evans & ,e4,s4 ,dallas1 bo? publi%$ 9 #aheb1 are important only to v ?or\gh-go+ /ud5ts4 ,! latt] 0 acute1 b fanciful & incl9$ to j>gon4 ,! =m]1 reg>d+ /ress z ! only basis ( mod]n v]sification1 indulg$ 9 a curi\s und]valuation ( ,engli% poetry g5]ally3 we mu/ =get all ab\t classical poetry to be satisfi$ ) blank v]se2 ,engli% lyric has be5 "u an evil g5ius1 & always a blank2 & ,%akespe>e & ,milton ga9$ exce$+ly by translation into ,greek & ,lat94 ,any intellig5t read] c judge ( su* a tree by su* fruits4 ,( really e>li] date ?an ^! 7= _! au?or di$ 9 #ahdf7 7 ,sidney ,walk]'s rem>ks on ,%akespe>e's ,v]sification1 po/hum\sly publi%$ 9 #ahed1 :i* conta9 "s useful metrical obs]vations4#aea ,dallas's book produc$ at lea/ two important reviews1 ea* ( :i* ext5d$ itself into a m important prosodic tractate4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 by ! late ,pr(essor ,masson1 :o aft]w>ds re>rang$ 8 prosodic ideas 9 a m9ute & v s*ol>ly /udy ( ,milton's v]sification1 appe>+ 9 8 l>g] edition ( ! poet4 ,pr(essor ,masson p]haps admitt$ "s unnecess>y feet1 su* z ! amphibra*1 b 8 views are on ! :ole extremely s\nd4 ,! o!r essay 0 by ,cov5try ,patmore--a poet1 a man ( di/9ct orig9ality 9 _m ways1 & a really le>n$ /ud5t ( prec$+ prosodi/s--9 fact1 by f> ! mo/ le>n$ up to 8 "t4 ,?is essay is full ( sugge/ive & +5i\s notions1 b exce$+ly crot*ety1 &1 = p]sons n ?or\ghly gr\nd$ 9 ! subject1 unsafe4 ,x has ! m]it ( recognis+ ! division ( v]se into :at x calls1 by a r pond]\s t]m1 iso*ron\s int]vals 7t is to say1 feet equival5t 9 "t71 & ( recognis+1 likewise1 ! important metrical z well z rhetorical "p play$ by pause4 ,b x exagg]ates ?is "p 9 an impossible fa%ion1 mak+ a full pause-foot at ! end ( e h]oic l9e2 & its att5tion to acc5t is also excessive &1 9 fact1 inconsi/5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,^? ab\t #ahgj1 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 x 0 n1 z has be5 said1 till ! v eve ( #ahgj1 :5 ! ,pr-,raphaelite s*ool _h made its appe>ance1 t any consid]able am\nt ( prosodic writ+ came4 ,!n1 & 9 ! v same ye>1 #ahfi1 !re 0 a rem>kable outbur/1 includ+ ,a ,complete ,practical ,guide to ! ,:ole ,subject ( ,engli% ,v]sification 7by ,e4 ,wadham71 :i* repres5ts a modifi$ ,bys%ian sy/em--believ+ 9 elision2 ?9k+ trisyllabic feet bad1 ?\gh !y may exi/1 especially at ! csura2 disc\nt5anc+ bo? blank & anap/ic v]se2 & apply+ to ! :ole subject a new t]m9ology :i* has n be5 g5]ally accept$4 ,!n came also a ,manual ( ,engli% ,prosody by ,r4 ,f4 ,brew] 7reissu$ _m ye>s aft]w>ds z ,or?ometry71 :i* conta9s a v l>ge am\nt ( in=mation on ! details ( ! matt]1 b little appreciation ( its m important aspects4 ,mu* brief]1 b1 despite "s errors1 s\nd] on ! :ole1 & giv+ no bad introduction to ! subject1 0 ! ,rules ( ,rhyme ( ,tom ,hood1 son ( ! poet4 ,great] influ5ce ?an t ( any ( ^! has be5 ex]cis$ by ! prosodic "p ( ,dr4 ,abbott's ,%akespe>ian ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 ?is ye>1 & ( 8 ,engli% ,lessons = ,engli% ,p1 issu$ 7& p>tly writt5 by ,j4 ,r4 ,seeley7 two ye>s lat]4 ,un=tunately1 n a few ( ! pr9ciples ( ^! books are ei!r demon/rably uns\nd or v d\btful1 ! wor/ ( all be+ ! insi/5ce on extra-metrical syllables1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! confession t ,engli% prosody _c acc\nt = ,engli% poetry4 #ahfi also saw ! beg9n+ ( a v important "w1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,j4 ,ellis's ,e>ly ,engli% ,pronunciation1 :i* has _h a great effect on "s views ( prosody1 & conta9s a v elaborate s*eme ( syllabic values = quality & degree ( =ce1 weight1 etc4 ,9 #ahgd ,mr4 ,john ,add+ton ,symonds1 a critic1 prose-writ]1 & ev5 poet ( no mean rank1 publi%$ an essay1 :i* he aft]w>ds exp&$ into a tractate1 on ,blank ,v]se1 d5y+ t any preconceiv$ metrical s*eme w expla9 ?is1 & argu+ t ea* l9e mu/ be treat$ sep>ately accord+ to its own s5se4 ,m m9ute ?an any book s9ce ,gue/'s1 & writt5 ) def9ite purpose to tea* poets _! bus9ess1 0 ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,conway's ,treatise ( ,v]sification 7#ahgh71 :i* rev]ts to eighte5?-c5tury !ories1 n m]ely ( ! scansion b ( ! pronunciation ( words l omin\s & delicate2 ?9ks ,milton caprici\s & inconsi/5t2 & proce$s entirely on ! pr9ciple t ! base & backbone ( ,engli% prosody is acc5t4 ,two ye>s lat] ,mr4 ,rusk9 issu$ 8 ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,prosody1 employ+ musical notation1 b us+ ! names ( feet v /rangely appli$4 ,& a ye> lat] ,mr4 ,%adwor? ,hodgson publi%$ a pap] on ,engli% ,v]se1 p]haps n un9flu5c$ by ,gue/1 & advocat+ 7z sev]al writ]s ab\t 8 "t began to d7 /ress sy/ems ( scansion1 ! /ress be+ allott$ accord+ to v>i\s consid]ations ( s5se & o!rwise4 ,ano!r /ress-man--/ill m influ5c$1 ?\gh p>tly 9 ! way ( correction1 by ,gue/--0 ! late ,pr(essor ,fleem+ ,j5k91 :o 9 #ahhc wrote 9 ! ,saturday ,review "s pap]s1 republi%$ aft] 8 dea?1 & advocat+ sections1 ( :i* !re may be z _m z f\r 9 a normal h]oic l9e1 ?\gh ?is may1 on ! o!r h&1 h z _m z sev5 or ev5 eight beats on /rong syllables4 ,mu* s\nd] ?an any ( ^!--inde$1 on practical matt]s almo/ irreproa*able--0 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,b4 ,mayor's ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre 7#ahhf71 on :i* he f\nd$ lat] a ,h&book ( ! subject 7#aijc74 ,sid5ote3 & s9ce4 ,9 ! la/ tw5ty or ?irty ye>s !re has be5 an increas+ numb] ( books on prosody1 ! names ( ! mo/ important ( :i* w be f\nd 9 ! ,bibliography4 ,! mo/ important ( all is p]haps ,mr4 ,rob]t ,bridges' ,prosody ( ,milton1 increas$ 9 subsequ5t editions to some?+ l a manual ( ,/ress ,prosody1 & conta9+ mat]ial also = e/imat+ ! rec5t attempts1 by ,mr4 ,bridges himself & by ! late ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,/one1 to revive ! writ+ ( ,engli% hexamet]s on a quantitative1 n an acc5tual1 basis4 ,!re h also be5 _m attempts 7( :i* p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable is a treatise on monopressures1 tak5 up & appli$ by ,pr(essor ,skeat7 :i* w\ld r$uce prosody to a bran* ( m$ical physics or physiology1 by bas+ x on ! me*anical action ( ! glottis or l>ynx4 ,& /rong & repeat$ ef=ts h also be5 made to br+ ! subject entirely "u ! sup]vision ( music--us+ musical notation1 musical t]ms su* z b>1 & ! l4 ,! mo/ widely influ5tial ( ^! 0 ! "w ( ! ,am]ican poet & critic ,sidney ,lani]2 ! mo/ rec5t1 t ( ,mr4 ,william ,?omson ( ,glasg[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! writ+s ( ,mr4 ,omond1 ?\gh "s d\bt may be ent]ta9$ z to details1 h ! m]its ( absolute s\ndness on ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! subject1 & may be /udi$ ) ev]-increas+ advantage4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y4 ,^! pr9ciples--g5]al1 & 9 relation to ! me?ods ( treatm5t m especially dealt ) 9 ! la/ p>agraph or two--may be briefly summ>is$ be=e ?is sket* ( our prosodi/ hi/ory is clos$4 ,sy/ems ( /ress prosody are unsatisfactory1 because ! un/ress$ syllables ( ! l9e1 & _! connection or gr\p+ ) ! /ress$ ones1 are ( q z mu* importance to total effect z /resses !mselves1 & because att5tion to /ress seems to beget ! notion t regul>ity ( "t & "t-int]val is ( no importance4#aeb ,physiological-me*anical sy/ems are altoge!r insuffici5t1 ev5 if n wrong1 because !y only ref] to ! raw mat]ial ( prosody2 because1 9 _! nature1 !y mu/ be applicable to v]se & prose alike1 & to all k9ds ( v]se2 ) ! additional disadvantage t1 z actually expla9$ by _! advocates1 !y usually make v]se-arrangem5ts ( ! mo/ inh>moni\s & unpoetical "*4#aec ,?is latt] objection applies ) ev5 great] =ce to ! musical !ori/s1 ^: explanations ( v]se inv>iably confuse rhy?m or ov]turn x altoge!r1 :ile _! :ole sy/em ignores ! fact1 t music & prosody are q diff]5t ?+s--t !y may p]haps be accommodat$ 9 p>ticul> cases1 b t ?is accommodation is by no means frequ5t4 ,9 "s cases1 *iefly ^? ( =eign]s :o h und]tak5 ! /udy ( ,engli% v]se1 return has be5 attempt$ to ! rigid syllabic me?ods ( ,bys%e & 8 foll[]s4 ,b x is usually admitt$ by ^! p]sons t ! me?od does n suit n9ete5?-c5tury poetry1 & !y are op5 !re=e to ! fatal *>ge ( hav+ to suppress "p1 & a mo/ important "p1 ( ! hi/orical life ( ! subject4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sy/em ( correspond+ foot-division1 ) equival5ce & sub/itution all[$1 :i* has be5 foll[$ 9 ?is book1 is op5 to none ( ^! objections4 ,x nei!r neglects nor suppresses any "p ( ! l9e 9 any case1 b acc\nts fully = all p>ts4 ,x applies to poetry only1 &1 to a l>ge ext5t at lea/1 expla9s ! diff]5ce betwe5 good poetry & bad4 ,x adju/s itself to ! entire hi/ory ( ,engli% v]se1 s9ce ! ,engli% language took ! turn :i* made x ,engli% 9 ! full s5se4 ,x requires no metrical fictions1 no suppression ( syllables1 no all[ance ( extra-metrical ones1 no alt]ation 9 pron\nc+1 no conflict ( acc5t & quantity4 ,no p]iod or k9d ( ,engli% poetry is pron\nc$ by x to be wrong1 ?\gh x may all[ t c]ta9 p]iods h ex]cis$ _! rights & privileges m fully ?an o!rs4 ,9 %ort1 x takes ! poetry z x is1 & has be5 = sev5 hundr$ ye>s at lea/2 b>s no?+2 c>ves1 cuts1 & corrects no?+2 begs no que/ions2 involves no make-believes2 b accepts ! facts1 & makes out ( !m :at1 & :at only1 ! facts w be>4 ,,footnotes3 #aej ,= examples ( all ^! see ,scann$ ,conspectus4 #aea ,especially "o :i* ! /ud5t %\ld apply = himself1 t ,%akespe>e's incomplete l9es are mo/ly regul> fractions ( complete ones1 scann+ correctly on ! same sy/em 7v4 sup4 p4 #acj74 #aeb ,?us ,mr4 ,bridges1 ?\gh he himself does n neglect ! un/ress$1 & ev5 makes comb9ation ( ! two k9ds :i* are actually feet1 w\ld all[ sometimes f\r & sometimes only ?ree /resses 9 a h]oic l9e4 ,lat] /ress 7or /ress-cum-music7 prosodi/s h ev5 propos$ to recognise two b>s only 9 su* a l9e4 #aec ,?us x has be5 propos$ to scan a l9e ( ,goldsmi?3 ,! %elt]$ cot1 ! cultivat$ f>m4 ,,book ,,iv ,,auxili>y ,,app>atus ,,*apt] ,i ,,gloss>y 7,! m9iature gloss>y :i* ,i prefix$ to my l>g] ,hi/ory hav+ be5 f\nd useful1 & inde$ "s compla9ts hav+ be5 made t x 0 n full]1 ,i h det]m9$ to g to ! o!r extreme "h1 ) a special view to ^? read]s :o may be approa*+ ! subject = ! fir/ "t4 ,except+ words l trisyllabic1 etc41 :i* c h>dly be ?\ght to require explanation1 an attempt has be5 made to include almo/ e te*nical1 & especially e disput$1 t]m47 ,,acc5t4--,?is t]m1 :i* is p]haps ! pr9cipal c5tre ( dispute 9 matt]s prosodic & :i*1 ev5 outside /rict prosody1 is n a little controv]sial1 may be def9$1 z uncontrov]sially z possibly 9 ! words ( a highly respectable book ( ref]5ce1#aed ,a sup]ior =ce ( voice1 or ( articulative ef=t1 ^u "s p>ticul> syllable4 ,x is prosodically us$ z equival5t 7) "s slight diff]5ces7 to /ress1 & is reg>d$ by a l>ge--p]haps ! mo/ num]\s--s*ool z con/itut+ ! f\ndation-/one ( ,engli% prosody4 ,! inconv5i5ces & insuffici5cies ( ?is view w be f\nd con/antly indicat$ ?r\gh\t ?is book4 ,on ! "q1 almo/ m debat$1 :at con/itutes1 & 9 diff]5t languages & times has con/itut$1 acc5t itself--:e!r x is l\dness1 duration1 pit*1 or :at n ( s\nd--no pron\ncem5t has be5 or w be attempt$ 9 ?is volume4 ,,acephal\s4--,a t]m appli$ to a l9e 9 :i* ! fir/ syllable1 accord+ to its ord9>y norm or =m1 is want+1 z 9 ,*auc]'s ,tw5ty boks clad 9 blak or re$4 ,,acro/ic4--,an arrangem5t1 n p]haps /rictly prosodic1 by :i* ! initial syllables ( ! l9es ( a poem make words or names ( !mselves1 z 9 ,sir ,john ,davies's ,a/ra1 :]e ^! initials 9 e piece make ,elizabe?a ,reg9a4 ,! process is n[ *iefly conf9$ to light v]se2 b !re is no?+ to be said aga9/ x1 unless ! s5se is /ra9$ or p]v]t$ to get ! lett]s4 ,,alcaic4--,a ,greek lyrical measure1 us$ by & nam$ aft] ! fam\s lyrical poet ,alcu1 b mo/ famili> 9 ! slightly alt]$ ,lat9 =m ( ,horace4 ,l all ^! =ms1 x is only a curiosity 9 ,engli%1 &1 ev5 z su*1 has %>$ ! endless & hopeless controv]sies z to acc5tual & quantitative metre4 ,no "o1 h[ev]1 is ev] likely to get ne>] to ! real ?+ ?an ,t5nyson 9 ,me r all t b[]y lonel9ess1 ,! brooks ( ,ed5 mazily murmur+1 ,& bloom pr(use1 & c$> ar*es1 ,*>m z a w&]] out 9 ,ocean4 ,! /rict ,horatian =m 7! la/ syllables be+1 z usual1 common7 is3 4 ,,alex&r9e4--,a l9e ( twelve syllables or six iambic feet4 ,?is measure 7traditionally said to h tak5 its "n f ! ,old ,fr5* poem on ,alex&]7 became ! fav\rite metre = ! *ansons de ge/e or long n>rative poems 9 t language1 & !n practically ! /aple ( ,fr5* v]se to ! pres5t day4 ,b ?\gh x is e>ly trac$--z a :ole or z two halves--9 ,engli%1 x nev] e/abli%$ itself z a cont9u\s metre ) u4 ,only two pieces ( importance1 ,drayton's ,polyolbion & ,br[n+'s ,fif9e at ! ,fair1 s employ x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is con/antly f\nd scatt]$ ab\t e>ly ,engli% v]se2 appe>s--que/ionably accord+ to "s1 unque/ionably accord+ to ! pres5t writ]--9 ,*auc]2 0 an +r$i5t 9 ! p\lt]'s measure 7v4 inf471 s popul> ) ! poets ( ! second & ?ird qu>t]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 0 us$ by ,sidney cont9u\sly 9 sonnet2 =ms1 z a conclud+ l9e1 ! di/+ui%+ feature ( ! great ,sp5s]ian /anza2 is v frequ5t 9 ,%akespe>e & ! o!r ,elizabe?an dramati/s2 & 0 adopt$ by ,dryd5 7?\gh latt]ly1 & !n n q always1 reject$ by ,pope7 z a relief & v>iation to ! h]oic c\plet4 ,x also supplies a frequ5t +r$i5t 9 ,p9d>ic v]se & 9 v>i\s lyrical /anzas4 ,= its p]fection x almo/ requires a c5tral csura at ! six? syllable4 ,9 ,dryd5 7probably f insuffici5t in=mation71 9 ,w>ton 7less excusably71 & 9 "s m mod]n writ]s 7)\t any excuse at all71 long ,alex&r9e1 or sometimes ev5 ,alex&r9e by itself1 is us$ to designate ! f\rte5]1 sev5-beat1 or sev5-foot iambic l9e4 ,?is ignores ! d]ivation1 contrav5es ! e/abli%$ use ( ,fr5*1 ! special home ( ! metre1 & introduces an unnecess>y & disa/r\s confusion4 ,,allit]ation4--,! repetition ( ! same lett] at ! beg9n+ or 7less frequ5tly7 9 ! body ( diff]5t words 9 m or less close juxtaposition to ea* o!r4 ,?is1 :i* appe>s slightly1 b v slightly1 9 classical poetry1 has always be5 a great feature ( ,engli%4 ,dur+ ! ,anglo-,saxon p]iod univ]sally1 & dur+ a lat] p]iod 7aft] an int]val :i* almo/ c]ta9ly exi/$1 b ! l5g? ( :i* is unc]ta97 p>tially1 x =m$1 till ! sixte5? c5tury1 a sub/antive & /ructural "p ( ,engli% prosody4 ,lat]1 x became m]ely an ornam5t1 & at times1 especially 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 has be5 disapprov$4 ,b x =ms "p ( ! v vitals ( ! language1 & has nev] be5 m triumphantly us$ ?an 9 ! late n9ete5? c5tury by ,mr4 ,sw9burne4 ,,amphibra*4--,a foot ( ?ree syllables--%ort1 long1 %ort 7 7--lit]ally %ort on ea* side4 ,accord+ to "s1 ?is foot is n uncommon 9 ,engli% poetry1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ,byron's ,? blck bnds cme vr ,? lps nd ?ir snw1 z well z individually = a foot ( sub/itution4 ,o!rs1 includ+ ! pres5t writ]1 ?9k t ^! cases c always1 or almo/ always1 be bett] arrang$ z anap/s-- ,? blck bnds cme v] ,? lps nd ?ir snw1 & t ! amphibra* is unnecess>y1 or1 at any rate1 v v r>e 9 ,engli%4 ,,amphimac] 7long on bo? sides74--,long1 %ort1 long 7 7--an exactly opposite arrangem5t to ! amphibra*1 also1 & m commonly1 call$ ,cretic4 ,x is m ?an d\btful :e!r ?is arrangem5t1 z an actual foot1 ev] occurs 9 ,engli% v]se or is suitable to ,engli% rhy?m2 b ! "n 7pref]ably ,cretic7 is sometimes useful to designate a comb9ation ( syllables belong+ to m feet ?an "o1 & possess+ a c]ta9 connection1 z express+ ei!r ! quantity ( a s+le ^w or t ( a rhetorical division#aee ( a l9e4 ,,anacrusis4--,a syllable or half-foot prefix$ to a v]se1 & s]v+ z a sort ( take-(f or pu%-(f = x4 ,?is1 frequ5t 9 ,greek1 is by no means r>e 9 ,engli%1 ?\gh !re are num]\s disputes z to its application4 ,x has sometimes be5 propos$ to call x ) u cat*2 &1 :atev] x be call$1 x comes into great prom95ce 9 connection ) ! "q :e!r ! g5]al rhy?m ( ,engli% v]se is iambic or tro*aic1 :ile x is almo/ ! h+e ( ! :ole matt] on ! o!r "q :e!r ! ,engli% hexamet] is really dactylic or anap/ic4 ,,anap,,/4--,a trisyllabic foot consi/+ ( two %orts & a long 7 74 ,almo/ z soon z ,engli% poetry prop] makes its appe>ance1 ?is measure or cad5ce appe>s too2 = a "t *iefly z an equival5t to ! iamb4 ,9 ! reviv$ allit]ative metre x to a great ext5t ou/s ! tro*ee1 & to "o almo/ z great dom9ates ! dogg]el ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,z a cont9u\s metre ! e>ly examples ( x are well m>k$1 ?\gh n v num]\s2 b 9 ! sixte5? c5tury x seems 7no d\bt ) ! help ( music7 to h caught ! popul> e>1 & f ! late sev5te5? has be5 ?or\ghly e/abli%$ 9 lit]ature4 ,x is p]haps ! *ief enliv5+ & inspirit+ =ce 9 ,engli% poetry1 &1 :ile p[]ful = s]i\s purposes1 is almo/ indisp5sable = comic4 ,,anti-,,bac*ic ,,or ,,anti-,,bac*ius4--,a trisyllabic foot opposite to ! ,bac*ic z a def9ite foot--a %ort foll[$ by two long 7 74 ,( v d\btful occurr5ce any:]e 9 ,engli% v]se2 ?\gh ! same rem>k applies to x z to ! amphibra*1 ! amphimac]1 o!r trisyllabic feet1 & all tetrasyllabic1 9 reg>d to second>y or rhetorical use4 ,,antispa/ 7pull+ aga9/74--,a f\r-syllabl$ foot--%ort1 long1 long1 %ort 7 7--oppos$ to ! *oriambic4 ,l all f\r-syllabl$ feet1 x is n want$ 9 ,engli% poetry1 be+ always resolvable into its con/itu5ts1 ! iamb & tro*ee4 ,b ! comb9$ effect may sometimes be repres5t$ by x--) ?is caveat1 z 9 o!r cases4 ,,anti/rophe4--,see ,,/rophe4 ,,appoggiatura4--,a musical t]m :i* has no bus9ess :atev] 9 prosody1 b :i* has be5 us$ by "s 7e4g4 ,!lwall7 to evade ! all[ance ( equival5ce1 & ! sub/itution ( trisyllabic = dissyllabic feet4 ,its def9ition 9 music is a %ort auxili>y or grace-note =m+ no ess5tial "p ( ! h>mony4 ,! ne>e/ actual approa* to x 9 ,engli% v]se w\ld appe> to be ! extra syllables f\nd 7by lic5ce v r>e until rec5tly7 9 su* l9es z ,scott's 9 ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,john1 ,moore's 9 ,evele5's ,b[] & else:]e1 & ,macaulay's 9 ,! ,la/ ,buccane]--e4g43 ,& ,i'll *a9 ! bloodh\nd & ! w>der %all n s\nd4 #aef ,,arsis & its opposite1 ,,!sis1 are two t]ms mu* us$ 9 prosody1 ?\gh un=tunately ) mean+s !mselves atta*$ 9 diametrical opposition to ! same ^w4 ,! words lit]ally mean lift+ up & putt+ d[n respectively4 ,at fir/1 among ! ,greeks !mselves1 ! metaphor seems to h be5 tak5 f ! rais+ & putt+ d[n ( ! foot or h&2 s t arsis w\ld make a light or %ort1 & !sis a heavy or long syllable4 ,by ! ,lat9s1 & by ! great majority ( mod]n prosodi/s 9 ref]5ce ev5 to ,greek1 ! metaphor is transf]r$ to ! rais+ or dropp+ ( ! voice1 s t arsis l5g!ns & !sis %ort5s4 ,?is1 :i*1 :e!r ! old] or n1 seems to be ! bett] use1 is foll[$ "h4 ,,assonance4--,an imp]fect =m ( rhyme :i* c\nts only ! v[el s\nd ( ! *ief rhym+ syllable4 ,?is pr9ciple 0 ! orig9al "o ( rhyme 9 ,fr5*1 & has always held a consid]able place 9 ,spani%4 ,b 9 ,engli% x has nev] e/abli%$ itself 9 compet5t lit]>y poetry2 ?\gh x is frequ5t 9 ! l[] k9d ( folk-song1 & ?\gh attempts to naturalise x--9 =ms ev5 fur!r degrad$--7 made by ,mrs4 ,br[n+1 & h be5 sugge/$ s9ce4 ,z an in/rum5t ( v[el-music1 v delicately & judici\sly us$ at o!r p>ts ( ! l9e ?an ! end1 x has its possibilities1 b mu/ always be an (f5sive sub/itute 9 rhym+ v]se1 & an almo/ equally (f5sive intrud] 9 blank4 ,,atonic 7)\t acc5t74--,:5 employ$ 9 prosody1 is appli$ to ^? languages :i*1 ?\gh !y may use acc5tual symbols1 h no?+ 9 ! pronunciation t c be made ! base ( an actual scansion--! *ief example be+ ,fr5*4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,bac*ic or ,,bac*ius4--,a ?ree-syllable foot--long1 long1 %ort 7 7--! opposite ( anti-,bac*ic & subject to ! same obs]vations4 ,,ballad 7r>ely ,ballet74--,a ^w common to mo/ ,european languages1 b us$ v loosely1 & to be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ,ballade 7see foll[+ item74 ,its orig9al connection is ) s++ & danc+ 7,italian ball>e71 & x came1 c5turies ago1 to be us$ = any %ort poem ( a lyrical "*4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 a special application to %ort pieces ( a n>rative k9d2 & ,! ,ballads has1 z a phrase ( ,engli% lit]>y hi/ory1 frequ5t ref]5ce to ! body ( su* compositions ( :i* ! pieces ab\t ,rob9 ,hood are e>ly examples4 ,x is mo/ commonly1 ?\gh n univ]sally1 writt5 9 ! ballad metre describ$ bel[4 ,,ballade1 on ! o!r h&1 is a t]m arbitr>ily re/rict$ to a measure orig9ally & mo/ly ,fr5*1 b frequ5tly writt5 9 ,engli% dur+ ! late f\rte5? & e>ly fifte5? c5turies1 & reviv$ 9 ! n9ete5?4 ,x consi/s usually ( ?ree /anzas & a coda or envoi1 writt5 on ! same recurr5t rhymes1 ) a refra9 at ! end ( ea*4 7,see example above1 p4 #abf47 ,,ballad ,,metre or ,,common ,,measure4--,! mo/ usual quatra9 9 ,engli% poetry1 consi/+1 9 its simple/ =m1 ( alt]nate octosyllables & hexasyllables2 ! ev5 l9es always rhym+1 & ! odd ones v commonly4 ,9 ! be/ examples1 old & new 7b less frequ5tly 9 ! late sixte5?1 e>ly sev5te5?1 & almo/ :ole eighte5? c5tury71 ! l9es are l>gely1 equival5c$1 & x is n unusual = ! /anza to be ext5d$ to five or m4 ,! mo/ p]fect example ( ballad metre is ,col]idge's ,anci5t ,m>9]4 ,,b> & ,,beat4--,two musical t]ms us$ by /ress-prosodi/s & o!rs :o refuse ! foot-sy/em4 ,b> is /rictly ! division betwe5 gr\ps ( beats1 loosely ! gr\ps !mselves4 ,beat is ! unit ( "t or measure4 ,on a s\nd & g]mane sy/em ( prosody nei!r is ne$$4 ,,blank ,,v]se1 on ! analogy ( blank c>tridge1 etc41 might be held to designate any k9d ( v]se n tipp$1 load$1 or fill$ up ) rhyme4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 & = s\nd hi/orical reasons1 x is n usually appli$ to ! m mod]n unrhym$ exp]im5ts1 f ,coll9s's ,ev5+ onw>ds1 b is conf9$ to cont9u\s decasyllabics4 ,?is measure 7:i*1 mutatis mut&is1 _h already be5 us$ by ! ,italians & ,spani>ds 9 ! e>ly sixte5? c5tury1 & ( :i* curi\s =e%ad[+s are f\nd 9 ,*auc]'s prose ,tale ( ,melibee & else:]e7 0 fir/ attempt$ 9 ,engli% by ! ,e>l ( ,surrey 9 8 v]sion ( ! neid4 ,= a "t x 0 v little imitat$1 b 9 ! latt] half ( ! c5tury x gradually ou/$ all o!r competitors = dramatic use4 ,x 0 /ill out ( fav\r = non-dramatic purposes until ,milton's great exp]im5ts 9 ! lat] sev5te5?2 :ile ab\t ! same p]iod x 0 = a "t itself laid aside 9 drama4 ,b x soon recov]$ its place !re1 & has nev] lo/ x2 :ile dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury x became m & m fa%ionable = poems prop]1 & has r ext5d$ ?an contract$ its bus9ess s9ce4 ,,bob ,,& ,,:eel4--,an arrangem5t 7see pp4 #dh1 #di7 by :i* a /anza hi!rto usually allit]at$1 b n rhym$1 f9i%es ) "o mu* %ort] l9e ( usually two syllables1 & !n a bat*1 usually f\r1 ( l9es n q s %ort1 b /ill %ort] ?an ! /aple1 & rhym$ among !mselves4 ,,burd54--,! same z ,,refra9 7q4v474 ,,burns ,,metre4--,an app>5tly artificial b extremely effective arrangem5t ( six l9es1 #h1 #h1 #h1 #d1 #h1 #d1 rhym$ aaabab1 :i* d]ives its common "n f ! ma/]y %[n1 9 & ( x1 by ! ,scotti% poet4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 f> old] ?an 8 "t1 hav+ be5 trac$ to ,prov5al orig9als 9 ! elev5? c5tury1 & x is v common 9 ! ,engli% miracle plays ( ! late f\rte5? & fifte5?1 & n unkn[n 9 ! metrical romances1 z 9 ,octovian ,imp]ator4 ,disus$ 9 ,s\!rn ,engli% by ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance1 x seems to h kept its hold 9 ,nor!rn1 & ,burns receiv$ x ei!r imm$iately f ,f]gusson or p]haps f ,allan ,ramsay4 7,see also bel[1 9 li/ ( ,=m-orig9s47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cad5ce4--,9 g5]al1 a t]m appli$ to ! comb9$ rhy?m ( a l9e or bat* ( l9es4 ,9 "o or two e>ly passages ( ,wynt\n1 ,g[]1 & o!rs1 x seems to be employ$ 9 "s special s5se z oppos$ to1 or sep>at$ f1 rhyme1 & has be5 conjectur$ to signify allit]ative rhy?m4 ,b ?is is v unc]ta91 r improbable1 & 9 ! ,g[] case impossible4 7,see p4 #bcc47 ,c,,sura 7cutt+74--,a t]m appli$1 9 classical prosody1 to ! regul> provision ( a ^w-end+ at a c]ta9 place 9 ! l9e1 usually co9cid+ ) a half-foot4 ,! commone/ csuras 9 ,greek & ,lat9 are p5!mim]al 7fif? half71 or 9 ! middle ( ! ?ird foot1 & hep!mim]al 7sev5? half71 at ! middle ( ! f\r?4 ,at "o "t1 9 ! e>li] writ]s on ,engli% prosody 7e4g4 ,dryd571 !re grew up a /range habit ( us+ ! t]m csura to express elision or hiatus--to nei!r ( :i* has x ! lea/ prop] ref]5ce4 ,correctly us$1 x is1 9 ,engli%1 equival5t to pause 7q4v471 b re/rict$ to ! pr9cipal pause 9 a l9e4 ,,c>ol4--,a t]m1 l ballad1 ( r loose application1 b g5]ally conf9$ to religi\s lyrics ( a def9ite song-k9d4 ,! orig9al ,o4,f4 k>ole ref]r$ to a r elaborate dance ) s++1 & f ?is !re has be5 a c]ta9 t5d5cy to associate ! c>ol ) mu* brok5 & ind5t$ measures 9 prosody4 ,,catalexis 7leav+ (f74--,a t]m ( great importance1 inasmu* z !re is no o!r s+le "o :i* c replace x2 b a little vague & ela/ic 9 use4 ,/rictly speak+1 a catalectic l9e is "o :i* comes %ort1 by a half-foot or syllable1 ( ! full normal measure2 a bra*ycatalectic 7%ort leav+ (f71 "o :i* is a :ole foot m9us2 & a hyp]catalectic 7leav+ ov]71 "o :i* has a half foot 7or p]haps a :ole "o 9 r>e cases7 too mu*4 ,! t]ms catalexis & catalectic are sometimes us$ loosely to cov] all ^! v>ieties ( defici5cy & r$undance 9 _! sev]al developm5ts4 ,acatalectic means a fully & exactly measur$ l9e1 )\t ei!r excess or defect4 ,,cat*4--,see ,,anacrusis4 ,! s5se ( cat* z ref]r+ to a song 9 p>ts1 ) mu* sub/itution & repetition1 is musical1 n prosodic4 ,,*ant-,,royal4--,a l>g] & m elaborate ballade3 five /anzas ( elev5 v]ses ea* & an envoi ( f five to eight4 ,,*oriamb4--,a f\r-syllabl$ foot consi/+ ( a tro*ee 7or *oree7 foll[$ by an iamb 7 74 ,al?\gh ! rem>ks made on o!r f\r-syllabl$ feet apply "h1 z f> z ! ultimate analysis ( ,engli% v]se is conc]n$1 ! great frequ5cy ( juxtapos$ tro*ees & iambs 9 ,engli%1 & ! natural way 9 :i* !y seem to coh]e1 make *oriambic cad5ce or rhy?m sugge/ itself m frequ5tly ?an any o!r ( ! comp\nd feet4 ,mr4 ,sw9burne wrote int5tional & cont9u\s *oriambics ( great beauty4 ,,coda 7tail74--,a musical t]m us$ 9 prosody by analogy1 & signify+ a f9al /anza or bat* ( v]ses1 (t5 c\*$ 9 a =m diff]+ f ! re/ ( ! poem1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! f9al octave ( ,lycidas4 ,,common4--,! quantity or quality 9 a syllable :i* makes x susceptible ( occupy+ ei!r ! position ( a long "o or t ( a %ort4 ,?is gift1 well recognis$ & frequ5t en\gh 9 ,greek & ,lat9 prosody--especially 9 reg>d to ,greek prop] names1--is /ill m widely spread 9 ,engli%4 ,almo/ all monosyllables1 o!r ?an n\ns1 are common2 & 9 a v l>ge numb] ( o!rs ! syllable c be rais$ or l[]$ to long or %ort by consid]ations ( arsis1 !sis1 /ress1 emphasis1 position1 etc4 ,,common ,,measure 7= %ortness1 especially 9 ref]5ce to hymns1 ,c4,m474--,! same z ballad metre1 b usually re/rict$ to eights & sixes )\t sub/itution4 7,see also bel[1 ,*apt] ,,iv47 ,,consonance4--,9 /rictness m]ely agreem5t ( s\nd2 b sometimes us$ to designate full rhyme by v[el & consonant1 z oppos$ to assonance1 i4e4 rhyme by v[el only4 ,,c\plet4--,9 prop] ,engli% use ?is ref]s to a pair ( v]ses only2 & x probably %\ld be1 ?\gh x is n always1 limit$ to cases :]e ! memb]s ( ! pair are exactly simil>1 z 9 ! h]oic c\plet1 ! octosyllabic c\plet4 ,! orig9al ,fr5* ^w is mu* m ela/ic1 & is appli$ to ! long mono-rhym$ tirades ( ,old ,fr5* poems1 to /anzas ( m v]ses ?an two1 & ev5 to :ole lyrics1 usually ( a light description4 7,see also ,,di/i*47 ,,cretic4--,see ,,amphimac]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dactyl4--,a trisyllabic foot--long1 %ort1 %ort 7 74 ,?is foot1 ?anks to ! great position ( ! dactylic hexamet] 9 ,greek & ,lat91 disputes1 9 ^? prosodies1 ! place ( pr9cipal /aple ) ! iambic2 &1 f ! mid-sixte5? c5tury onw>ds1 almo/ con/ant endeav\rs h be5 made at imitat+ t metre 9 ,engli%1 & consequ5tly at work+ ! dactyl 9 our language4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 e>ly discov]$1 ev5 by fav\r]s ( classical v]s+1 t !re is some?+ awkw>d ab\t ! ,engli% dactyl4 ,& 9 fact1 ?\gh we h a v l>ge numb] ( words :i* are fair dactyls reg>d$ sep>ately1 !y are no soon] set 9 a v]se ?an !y seem to slip or waggle into o!r measures1 & especially ! anap/4 ,:51 by "s *ance or by "s sleight ( ! poet1 !y are f\nd1 !y are usually ei!r cont9u\s1 or 9 connection )1 & sub/itut$ =1 ! tro*ee4 ,to ! classical comb9ation ( dactyl & spondee ,engli% is ob/9ately rebelli\s4 ,,di-,,iamb4--,a d\ble iamb--%ort1 long1 %ort1 long 7 74 ,n want$ 9 ,engli%2 & n ev5 express+1 z "s ( ! f\r-syllable feet d1 a quasi-real comp\nd effect4 ,,dimet]4--,a comb9ation ( two c\ples ( ! same foot1 iambic1 tro*aic1 or anap/ic4 ,?us ! ord9>y octosyllable is an iambic dimet]1 & ! famili> sw++ f\r-foot anap/1 a dimet] anap/ic4 ,9 anci5t prosody1 -met] 0 nev] us$ 9 ?is k9d ( comb9ation1 ) ref]5ce to s+le-feet metres1 unless ^! feet 7 9 places specifically diff]5t4 ,?us hexamet] means a l9e ( six s+le feet1 ( :i*1 ?\gh ! fir/ f\r may v>y1 ! fif? mu/ normally be a dactyl & ! six? a spondee2 p5tamet]1 a l9e ( five feet1 dactyls or spondees1 b rigidly di/ribut$ 9 two halves ( two & a half feet ea*4 ,( late ye>s1 9 mod]n ,engli% prosody-writ+1 ?\gh =tunately n univ]sally1 a mo/ objectionable habit has gr[n up ( call+ ! h]oic l9e a p5tamet]1 ! octosyllabic iambic a tetramet]4 ,?is is grossly uns*ol>ly1 & %\ld nev] be imitat$1 = ! prop] mean+ ( ! t]ms w\ld be t5 feet 9 ! "o case1 eight 9 ! o!r4 ,,dispondee4--,d\ble spondee 7 74 ,ev5 m ?an ! di-iamb1 & mu* m ?an ! ditro*ee1 ?is comb9ation is n want$ 9 ,engli%4 ,,di/i*4--,a synonym = c\plet1 b ( wid] range1 z !re is no reason :y ! v]ses %\ld be metrically simil>4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 ! practical use ( ! ^w1 an und]/&+ t !re %all be a c]ta9 complet5ess & self-conta9$ness ( s5se4 ,,ditro*ee4--,a d\ble tro*ee--long1 %ort1 long1 %ort 7 74--,! rem>ks on ! di-iamb apply "h1 b n q s /rongly4 ,!re are a few exceptional cases 9 ,milton1 z 9 ! fam\s nvrsl reproa*1 :]e ! ditro*aic effect1 :e!r beautiful or n1 is too noticeable n to des]ve specific def9ition4 ,,do*miac4--,a foot ( five syllables1 admitt+1 ) ! possible p]mutations ( long & %ort 9 ! five places1 a l>ge numb] ( v>iations4 ,?is foot1 n /rictly necess>y ev5 9 ,greek prosody1 is q unkn[n 9 ,engli%1 &1 if us$1 w\ld simply split itself up into bat*es ( two & ?ree4 ,b x probably has a real exi/5ce 9 ! sy/ematisation ( ,engli% prose rhy?m4 ,,dogg]el4--,a ^w 7! d]ivation ( :i* c be only1 ?\gh easily1 guess$7 z old z ,*auc]2 always us$ ) depreciat+ int5t1 b ) a c]ta9 diff]5ce1 n to say loos5ess1 ( exact connotation4 ,dogg]el is (t5 appli$ to slip%od or s+-song v]se2 sometimes to v]se burlesque or feeble 9 s5se & phrase4 ,b x is bett] re/rict$ to v]se metrically incompet5t by false rhy?m & quantification1 or by insuffici5t or sup]flu\s provision ( syllables & ! l4 ,,duple4--,a t]m us$ by "s prosodi/s 9 comb9ation ) "t & 9 contradi/9ction to triple1 to express a *>act]i/ic ( v]se :i* is ne>e/ to music1 & :i* p]haps is musical r ?an really prosodic4 ,controv]sies are sometimes c>ri$ on 9 reg>d to ! "q :e!r trisyllabic feet 7su* z anap/s1 dactyls1 & tribra*s7 are1 :5 sub/itut$ = dissyllabic1 9 duple or 9 triple "t2 b ?is "q appe>s to ! pres5t writ] irrelevant & extrane\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elision4--,! oblit]ation ( a syllable1 = metrical reasons1 :5 a v[el at ! end ( a ^w comes be=e "o at ! beg9n+ ( ano!r4 ,?is /rict classical mean+ ( ! t]m is ext5d$ ord9>ily1 9 ! ,engli% use ( x1 to ! omission ( a syllable )9 a ^w1 or ! fusion ( two 9 any ( ! v>i\s ways indicat$ by ! classical t]ms crasis 7mixture71 ?lipsis 7cru%+71 syncope 7cutt+ %ort71 synalpha 7sme>+ toge!r71 synizesis 7sett+ toge!r71 synecphonesis 7comb9$ utt]ance71 & o!rs4 ,p]haps ! mo/ useful phraseology 9 ,engli% indicates elision = actual vani%+ ( a v[el 7:5 x is usually repres5t$ by an apo/rophe71 & slur = runn+ ( two into "o4 ,^! two processes are ( extreme importance1 = ^u ! view tak5 ( !m turns ! view to be held ( ,%akespe>e's & ,milton's blank v]se1 & ( a l>ge numb] ( o!r measures4 ,,end-,,/opp$4--,a t]m l>gely appli$1 especially 9 ,%akespe>ian discussion1 to ! peculi> self-conta9$ v]se :i* is noticeable 9 ! e>ly /age ( blank-v]se writ+1 & :i* ,%akespe>e 0 "o ( ! fir/ to break ?r\gh4 ,9 ! text ( ! pres5t volume ?is =m is call$ s+le-m\ld$1 its *>act]i/ics n appe>+ to be conf9$ to ! end4 ,,enjambm5t4--,an ,engli%+1 on simple analogy1 ( ! ,fr5* te*nical t]m1 enjambem5t1 = ! ov]lapp+1 9 s5se & utt]ance1 ( "o v]se on ano!r1 or ( "o c\plet on ano!r4 ,enjambm5t ( ! c\plet appe>s 9 ,*auc] & o!r writ]s e>ly2 0 ov]done & abus$ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 0 reject$ by ! lat] sev5te5? & /ill m by ! eighte5?1 b re/or$ to fav\r by ! ,romantic movem5t4 ,,envoi4--,! coda ( a ballade1 etc41 ) ! especial purpose ( address+ ! poem to its subject4 ,,epanaphora 7ref]r+ or repetition74--,! repetition ( ! same ^w or gr\p ( words at ! beg9n+ ( successive l9es4 ,?is1 orig9ally a rhetorical figure1 becomes1 especially ) "s ( ! ,elizabe?ans & ) ,t5nyson1 a n unimportant prosodic device2 &1 9 ! h&s ( ! latt]1 assi/s p[]fully 9 ! con/ruction ( ! v]se-p>agraph4 ,,epanor?osis 7sett+ up aga91 ) a s5se also ( correction74--,also a rhetorical figure1 & mean+ ! repetition ( "s ^w1 n necess>ily at ! beg9n+ ( clause or l9e4 ,?is also c be made ( consid]able prosodic effect2 = repetition1 especially if includ+ "s slight *ange1 is necess>ily associat$ ) emphasis1 & ?is emphasis col\rs & weights ! l9e v>i\sly4 ,,epitrite4--,a f\r-syllabl$ foot consi/+ ( ?ree long syllables & "o %ort 7 74 ,! %ift+ ( ?is latt] f place to place makes f\r diff]5t k9ds ( epitrite4 ,l its cong5]s1 x is n ne$$ 9 ,engli% poetry1 ?\gh spondaic sub/itution 79 ! tro*aic tetramet]1 etc47 may sometimes simulate x2 & ! fact t few ,engli% words h clu/]s ( def9itely long syllables makes x r>e ev5 9 prose4 ,,epode4--,! ?ird & la/ memb] ( ! typical *oric arrangem5t 9 a regul> ode4 ,see ,,/rophe4 ,,equival5ce means1 prosodically1 ! quality or faculty :i* fits "o comb9ation ( syllables = sub/itution 9 ! place ( ano!r to p]=m ! "p ( foot1 z ! dactyl & spondee d to ea* o!r 9 ! classical hexamet]1 & z v>i\s feet d to ! iamb 9 ! ,greek iambic trimet] & o!r metres4 ,x is1 ) its correlative1 ,sub/itution itself1 ! mo/ important pr9ciple 9 ,engli% prosody2 x em]ges almo/ at once1 &1 ?\gh at times fr[n$ ^u 9 !ory1 nev] loses its hold ^u practice4 ,,eye-,,rhyme4--,a practice 7mo/ l>gely resort$ to by ,sp5s]1 b to "s ext5t by o!rs7 ( adju/+ ! spell+s ( ! f9al syllables ( words s z to make ! rhyme cle> to ! eye z well z to ! e>4 ,x is sometimes =c$1 & p]haps nev] ought to be necess>y2 b x is s associat$ ) ! beauties ( ! ,fa]ie ,que5e z to become almo/ a beauty 9 itself1 ?\gh h>dly to be recomm5d$ = imitation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fem99e ,,rhyme--,,fem99e ,,end+4--,t]ms appli$ to ! use ( words at ! end ( a l9e ) ! f9al 7n[ mute7 e4 ,fem99e rhyme is sometimes ext5d$ to d\ble rhyme 9 g5]al1 b ?is is n /rictly correct4 ,,f+]+4--,a t]m us$ 9 ?is book = ! s+le & peculi> turn & col\r giv5 to metre by ! individual poet4 ,,foot4--,! admitt$ con/itu5t ( all classical prosody1 &1 accord+ to "o sy/em 7t adopt$ pref]5tially 9 ?is book71 ( ,engli% likewise1 ?\gh ) v>iations necessitat$ by ! language4 ,foot 71 pes7 is t ^u :i* ! v]se runs or m>*es4 ,a ,greek foot is made ( ,greek long & %ort syllables2 an ,engli% foot ( ,engli%4 ,! possible comb9ations ( ^! h ,greek names :i* are conv5i5t1 & ! fact t ! conditions ( l5g? & %ortness are diff]5t 9 ! two languages ne$ cause no misund]/&+ :atev]4 ,b a comp>atively small numb] are actually f\nd 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,all1 h[ev]1 are sep>ately describ$ 9 ?is ,gloss>y1 & = conv5i5ce' sake a tabul> view ( !m is giv5 on ! next page4 ,x %\ld1 moreov]1 p]haps be add$ t1 at mo/ p]iods ( ,engli% poetry1 monosyllabic feet1 su* z h>dly exi/ 9 classical prosody1 are und\bt$ly pres5t4 ,^! c be reg>d$1 if any "o pleases1 z made up to dissyllabic value by ! addition ( a pause or int]val4 ,nor is !re any valid objection to ! admission ( a pause foot entirely compos$ ( sil5ce4 ,^! two k9ds ( feet1 h[ev]1 are comp>atively r>e1 & require no specific names4 ,,table ,,( ,,feet ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,feet ( ,two ,syllables4 ,( ,?ree4 ,( ,f\r4 ,( ,five4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,iamb1 ,amphibra*1 ,antispa/1 ,do*miac4 ,pyrrhic1 ,anap/1 ,*oriamb1 7,see ,spondee1 ,anti-,bac*ic1 ,di-iamb1 "u ,tro*ee1 ,bac*ic1 ,dispondee1 head47 ,cretic1 ,ditro*ee1 7,! tro*ee ,dactyl1 7runn+ foot7 ,molossus1 ,epitrite 0 sometimes ,tribra*1 7f\r =ms also call$ *oree1 7,! ,cretic 0 also ,ionic3 1 or call$ amphimac]1 a majore1 its arrangem5t a m9ore1 7danc+ be+ j ! ,pon foot71 ?is opposite to ! 7f\r =m appe>s 9 amphibra*47 =ms7 *oriambic47 ,proceleusmatic1 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,f\rte5]4--,a l9e ( sev5 iambic feet :i* em]ges z almo/ ! fir/ equival5t ( ! old long ,a4,s4 l9e 9 ,engli%1 z e>ly z ! ,moral ,ode1 etc4 ,at fir/ x is (t5e/ a fifte5]1 f ! pres5ce ( ! f9al e2 b ?is drops (f4 ,v l>gely us$ by ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] & o!rs 9 ! late ?irte5? c5tury2 v>i$ 9 ,gamelyn2 mu* mix$ up ) ! dogg]el ( ! fifte5?2 frequ5t 9 ! sixte5?1 bo? alone & z p\lt]'s measure2 & spl5didly us$ by ,*apman 9 8 translation ( ! ,iliad4 ,sometimes employ$ to v>y h]oic c\plet by ,dryd54 ,a fav\rite metre ev] s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,splits into ballad-measure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,galliambic4--,a classical metre ( :i* ! mo/ fam\s1 & only sub/antive1 example is ! magnific5t ,atys ( ,catullus1 b :i* has be5 imitat$ 9 two f9e ,engli% poems1 ,t5nyson's great ,boadicea & ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?'s ,phae?on4 ,bo? ( ^! h giv5 a r tro*aic-dactylic sw+ to ! metre1 :i* is probably unavoidable 9 ,engli%4 ,! late ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 endeav\r$ to make out1 & attempt$ 9 8 translation ( ! ,atys1 an iambic basis ) anap/ic & tribra*ic sub/itution1 b unsuccessfully4 ,ionic a m9ore 7v4 inf47 is ! anci5t sugge/ion2 &1 ) an acc5tual lib]ty n unsuitable to its half-b>b>ic associations1 x fits ,catullus pretty well4 ,b ,ionics1 z has be5 said1 d n suit ,engli% 7v4 inf4 p4 #bhe1 note74 ,,gemell or ,,gem9el 7tw974--,t]ms appli$ by ,drayton to ! h]oic c\plet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,head-,,rhyme4--,a "n sometimes appli$--x may be ?\ght unju/ifiably1 & beyond all "q 9 a way likely to mislead--to allit]ation4 ,see ,,rhyme4 ,,h5decasyllable4--,an elev5-syllabl$ l9e4 ,!re is a classical metre specially s call$1 execut$ ) p>ticul> success by ,catullus1 & imitat$ by ,t5nyson 9 ! piece describ+ x3 ,s fanta/ical is ! da9ty metre4 ,b ! t]m is n infrequ5tly us$ ( ! /aple ,italian l9e1 ( ,engli% h]oic or decasyllabic l9es ) r$undance1 etc4 ,,heptamet]4--,x is r d\btful :e!r ! ^w is want$ 9 ,engli%1 = if appli$ to ! f\rte5] x w\ld 7see ,,metre & ,,dimet]7 be a complete misnom]2 & n less s1 accord+ to correct analogy1 if appli$ to ! sev5-foot anap/1 :]e x w\ld prop]ly designate f\rte5 feet or =ty-two possible syllables--a l5g? :i* n ev5 ,mr4 ,sw9burne has attempt$4 ,he himself1 h[ev]1 by ov]sight1 us$ x ( ?is l9e1 :i* is prop]ly a tetramet] bra*ycatalectic4 ,,h]oic4--,a ^w appli$1 ) only indirect propriety1 to ! decasyllabic or five-foot c\plet1 & ) h>dly any propriety at all to ! s+le l9e ( ! same con/ruction2 b occasionally conv5i5t 9 ea* case4 ,! orig9 ( ! employm5t is ! use ( ?is l9e & c\plet 9 ! h]oic poem & h]oic play ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x has !re=e ! same sort ( ju/ification z ,alex&r9e4 ,!re 0 also an e>li] habit1 z 9 ,dante's ,de ,vulg4 ,eloq41 ( call+ x 79 its ,italian or h5decasyllabic =m7 ! noble/ or mo/ dignifi$ l9e2 & ?is connects itself ) ! ,greek practice ( call+ ! hexamet]--! ,epic-v]se--h]oic4 ,,hexamet]4--,! great /aple metre ( ,greek & ,lat9 epic1 9 :i* ! l9e consi/s ( six feet1 dactyls or spondees at *oice = ! fir/ f\r1 b normally always a dactyl 9 ! fif? & always a spondee 9 ! six?--! latt] foot be+ by special lic5ce sometimes all[$ 9 ! fif? also 79 :i* case ! l9e is call$ spondaic71 b nev] a dactyl 9 ! six?4 ,to ?is metre1 & to ! attempts to imitate x 9 ,engli%1 ! t]m %\ld be /rictly conf9$1 & nev] appli$ to ! ,alex&r9e or iambic trimet]4 ,,hiatus4--,! juxtaposition ( v[els ei!r 9 ! same ^w1 or1 m especially1 at ! end ( "o ^w & ! beg9n+ ( ! next4 ,at diff]5t times1 & 9 diff]5t languages1 ?is has be5 reg>d$ z a beauty & z a defect2 b 9 ,engli% x entirely dep5ds ^u circum/ances :e!r x is "o1 or ! o!r1 or nei!r4 ,= a consid]able p]iod--r\ghly f #afej to #aghj1 if n #ahjj--;x 0 suppos$--)\t a %ad[ ( reason--t ,engli% poets ought to elide "o ( su* concurr5ts & indicate x only by apo/rophe1 s t n m]ely did ! enorm\s become ?' enorm\s1 & to affect t' affect1 b violet 0 cru%$ into vi'let1 & diamond into di'mond4 ,b ?is has be5 almo/ entirely ab&on$1 ?\gh !re are /ill metrical fictions on ! subject4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iambic4--,a foot ( two syllables--%ort1 long 77--! commone/ 9 almo/ all prosodies1#aeg & 7?\gh ?is is sometimes d5i$7 ! /aple foot ( ,engli%4 ,,inv]t$ ,,/ress4--,a t]m us$ by acc5tual or /ress prosodi/s to designate ! sub/itution ( a tro*ee = an iamb4 ,unnecess>y1 if n errone\s1 f ! po9t ( view ( ?is book4 ,,ionic4--,a foot ( f\r syllables1 consi/+ ( a spondee 7 7 & a pyrrhic 7 74 ,) ! spondee fir/ x is call$ ,ionic a majore2 ) ! pyrrhic fir/1 a m9ore4 ,nei!r movem5t is common 9 ,engli% v]se1 &1 if x 71 x w\ld h>dly require any jo9t "n4 ,b :5 ! music is upp]mo/1 z 9 ,vilik9s & 8 ,d9ah1 x sugge/s itself1 ) ! alt]native ( ! ?ird pon3 ,nw s ,dnh ws -wlkng n ? grdn s gy4#aeh 99 99 99 99 99 ,,leon9e ,,v]se4--,a t]m n /rictly applicable to ,engli%1 b sometimes f\nd 9 prosody-books4 ,x means ! peculi> m$ival ,lat9 hexamet] ) middle & end rhym$1 z 9 ,po/ cnam /abis3 seu passus mille meabis4 ,br[n+ comes ne>e/ to x 9 su* l9es z ,on my speck$ hide1 n y ! pride4 ,,l9e4--,! l>g] integ] ( v]se1 z ! foot is ! small]1 & ! /anza or p>agraph ! l>ge/4 ,x is usually indicat$1 9 pr9t+ or writ+1 by indep5d5t beg9n+ & end+ on ! page--:5ce ! "n1--b ?is is accid5tal & arrang$ = conv5i5ce ( ! eye4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 x %\ld n be encroa*$ ^u lightly1 &1 ev5 :5 enjambm5t is practis$1 ! individual l9e %\ld h a ?9kable self-suffici5cy4 ,nor %\ld two l9es be sep>at$ :5 !y clam\r = union1 z 9 ! case ( "s mod]n rhymeless exp]im5t]s 7,mr4 ,arnold1 ,mr4 ,h5ley1 etc47 & 9 "s ( ! e>ly ,elizabe?ans 7,grimoald1 ,googe1 & o!rs74 ,,long & ,,%ort are words :i*1 until comp>atively rec5tly1 h be5 tak5 z ! bases ( all prosodic analysis4 ,!y repres5t two values :i*1 ?\gh no d\bt by no means always id5tical 9 !mselves1 are inv>iably1 unmi/akably1 & at once1 di/+ui%$ by ! e>2 & ! comb9+ ( :i*1 9 ord9>y ma!matical p]mutation1 con/itutes ! feet1 or l[e/ integ]s1 ( metrical rhy?m4 ,?is nom5clature--:i* pres5ts no initial difficulties1 is suffici5t = all practical purposes1 & comm5ds itself at once to any unprejudic$ intellig5ce--seems fir/ to h excit$ "q & suspicion t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is disagreeable to bo? acc5tual & syllabic prosodi/s 7see *apt]s devot$ to ^!71 & x appe>s to di/urb "s :o w\ld n class !mselves ) ei!r4 ,x is inde$ q possible to "w ei!r sy/em ) long & %ort1 appli$ uncont5ti\sly to ! natural values ( rhy?m$ spee* 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,b a punctilio arises z to ! def9ition ( ! words4 ,does l5g?1 "s p ask1 really mean 'duration ( "t' 9 pron\nc+8 ,?is "q1 & o!rs1 seem to ! pres5t writ] unnecess>y4 ,we ne$ n decide :at makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 long & %ort2 x is suffici5t t ?is diff]5ce unmi/akably exi/s1 & is felt at once4 ,:e!r x is due to acc5t1 l5g? ( pronunciation1 %>pness1 l\dness1 /r5g?1 or any?+ else1 is a "q 9 no way directly affect+ v]se4 ,! important ?+s are1 once m1 t x exi/s2 t v]se _c exi/ )\t x2 t x is p>tly1 & 9 ,engli% r l>gely1 creat$ by ! poet1 b t ?is creation is condition$ by c]ta9 conv5tions ( ! language1 ( :i* acc5t is "o1 b only "o4 ,,long ,,measure 7,l4,m474--,! octosyllabic quatra91 alt]nately rhym$4 ,,lydgatian ,,l9e4--,an arrangem5t ( extraord9>y hide\sness1 :i* occurs r frequ5tly 9 ,lydgate2 & :i* has be5 assign$ by ! m]ciful to incompet5ce or c>elessness2 by o!r critics1 :o def5d x1 to :at mu/ h be5 delib]ate bad ta/e4 ,x is a l9e ( n9e syllables only1 ! miss+ "o be+ n1 z 9 ! ,*auc]ian acephala1 at ! fir/1 b occurr+ some:]e 9 ! middle1 & at ! csura4 ,an ugli] metrical entity probably n[h]e exi/s ?an su* a l9e z ,if any ^w 9 !e be missaid4#afj 99 99 99 99 99 ,,mascul9e ,,rhyme4--,a rhyme :]e ! rhym+ syllable is s+le1 & ends 9 a consonant1 )\t any mute e foll[+4 ,less correctly1 a monosyllabic rhyme4 ,,metre4--,9 ! wide s5se1 collections ( rhy?m :i* correspond1 bo? )9 ! collection1 &1 if !re be su*1 ) "o or m o!r collections adjo9+4 ,9 ! n>r[1 collections dom9at$ by a s+le foot-rhy?m1 z iambic metre1 anap/ic metre1 etc4 ,,molossus4--,a foot ( ?ree long syllables 7 74 ,practically impossible 9 ,engli% v]se1 be+ too bulky = a rhy?m-integ] ) u1 b admissible z a musical arrangem5t4 ,,monomet]4--,a l9e consi/+ ( "o foot only1 or "o pair ( feet4 ,see ,,dimet]4 ,,monopressure4--,a t]m inv5t$ to express a !ory t ! divisions ( metre are associat$ )1 & det]m9$ by1 "s physical ?roat-conditions4 ,unnecess>y & unworkable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,octave4--,a /anza ( eight l9es4 ,,octomet]4--,a t]m prop]ly appli$ to eight-foot dactylic metre1 su* z ,t5nyson's ,kapiolani2 improp]ly to ,mr4 ,sw9burne's eight-foot anap/s4 ,,ode4--,a "n us$ 9 ,engli% ) great laxity1 & n p]haps to be ti$ d[n too mu* )\t loss4 ,! ^w itself1 9 ,greek1 means simply a song4 ,b ! *oric odes ( ! ,greek dramati/s1 & ! non-dramatic odes ( ,p9d>1 be+ c\*$ 9 a peculi> =m--irregul> at fir/ sight1 b exactly correspond5t :5 exam9$1--h creat$ a c]ta9 t5d5cy to re/rict ! t]m ode1 sometimes ) ! epi!t regul>1 to ?+s simil> 9 ,engli% 7see1 9 li/ ( poets1 ,c[ley1 ,congreve1 ,gray74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,lat9s--especially ,horace1 ^: influ5ce has be5 ev5 wid]--ext5d ! t]m to pieces 9 %ort1 obvi\sly regul> /anzas id5tically repeat$1 & ! majority ( ,engli% odes are ( ?is k9d4 ,,ottava ,,rima4--,a special =m ( octave d]iv$ f ! ,italians1 & compos$ ( eight decasyllabic l9es rhym$ abababcc4 ,!re are o!r decasyllabic octaves1 su* z t us$ by ,*auc] 9 ! ,monk's ,tale1 & by ,sp5s] aft] him1 ) or )\t t adoption ( ! ,alex&r9e :i* turns x into ! ,sp5s]ian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p,,on4--,a foot ( f\r syllables--"o long & ?ree %ort--arrang$ 9 v>y+ ord]4 ,! commone/ ,engli% foot 9 rhy?mical prose1 b unnecess>y 9 ,engli% v]se4 ,,pause4--,a break 9 ! l9e z metrically read or he>d1 :i* is almo/ always co9cid5t ) ! end ( a ^w1 & :i* v frequ5tly1 b n always or s (t5 z 9 ! =m] case1 co9cides ) a /op 9 punctuation4 ,x is n necess>y t e l9e %\ld h a pause2 & ! place ( ! pause1 :5 x exi/s1 is practically ad libitum 9 mo/1 if n all l9es1 :ile !re may be m pauses ?an "o4 ,! attempt to curtail lib]ty 9 ^! ?ree respects has be5 ! cause ( "s ( ! wor/ mi/akes ab\t ,engli% prosody1 especially :5 x takes ! =m ( prescrib+ t ! pause %\ld always be z ne> ! middle z possible4 ,v>iety ( pause is1 9 fact1 next to v>iety ( feet1 ! great secret ( success 9 our v]se2 & x is ow+ to ?is t ,%akespe>e & ,milton m especially /& s high4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is v>iety requires ! mo/ c>eful adju/m5t2 & if su* adju/m5t is neglect$1 ! l9es w be ugli] ?an cont9u\sly middle-paus$ ones1 ?\gh n s monoton\s4 ,,p5tamet]4--,see ,,dimet]4 ,z prop]ly us$1 a l9e ( five feet--dactyls or spondees--divid$ into two bat*es ( two & a half ea*4 ,z improp]ly us$1 a five-foot iambic l9e 9 ,engli%4 ,,p9d>ic4--,/rictly ! regul> ode 7see ,,/rophe7 ( ,greek poetry2 b ext5d$ by1 & /ill m 9 imitation (1 ,c[ley to any lyrical composition 9 irregul>ly rhym$ /anzas ( diff]5t l9e-l5g?s4 ,accord+ to ,dryd51 ! ,alex&r9e l9e1 frequ5t 9 ,c[ley's odes1 0 s-call$1 b1 he mo/ prop]ly adds1 improp]ly4 ,,position4--,9 ! classical prosodies a %ort or common v[el be=e two consonants 7b n e two7 0 said to be long by position2 & ef=ts h be5 made to det]m9e ,engli% quantity 9 ! same way4 ,no rule ( ! k9d c be laid d[n2 d\bl$ or gr\p$ consonants aft] a v[el usually %ort5+ ! pronunciation1 & sometimes l5g!n+ ! value4 ,,p\lt]',s ,,measure4--,a t]m us$ by ,gascoigne1 & said to be d]iv$ f ! practice ( p\lt]ers 9 giv+ twelve to ! doz5 9 "o case & ?irte5 or f\rte5 9 ano!r4 ,x is appli$ to ! comb9ation ( ,alex&r9e & f\rte5] :i* 0 su* a fav\rite ) ! e>li] ,tudor poets1 & :i* broke up into ! ,%ort ,measure ( ! hymn-books4 ,,proceleusmatic4--,a d\ble pyrrhic1 or foot ( f\r %ort syllables 7 74 ,n ne$$1 if n also impossible1 9 ,engli%4 ,,pyrrhic4--,foot ( two %ort syllables 7 74 ,v d\btfully f\nd 9 ,engli%2 b n impossible4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,quantity4--,t :i* fits a syllable = its place z long or %ort 9 a v]se4 ,,qu>tet or ,,quatra94--,a gr\p ( f\r l9es usually1 inde$ ) ! r>e/ exceptions1 unit$ 9 !mselves1 & sep>at$ f o!rs1 by rhyme4 ,,qu9tet4--,a simil> gr\p ( five l9es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,r$undance4--,an extra syllable at ! end ( ! l9e1 n /rictly "p ( its la/ foot4 ,,refra94--,a l9e recurr+ id5tically1 or ) v slight alt]ation1 at ! end ( e /anza ( a poem4 ,probably "o ( ! olde/ ( all poetic features--c]ta9ly "o ( ! olde/ 9 ,engli%4 ,! same z burd54 ,refra9s or burd5s are n uncommonly mean+less collections ( musical-s\nd+ words4 ,,rhyme4--,! arrangem5t ( two ^w-end+s--id5tical 9 v[el & foll[+ consonant or consonants1 b n hav+ ! same consonant be=e ! v[el--at ! conclusion ( two or m l9es1 or sometimes )9 ! l9es !mselves4 ,,rhyme-,,royal4--,! /anza ( sev5 decasyllabic l9es1 rhym$ ababbcc1 :i* occurs 9 ,*auc]'s ,troilus1 & :i* traditionally d]ives its "n f its use 9 ,! ,k+'s ,quair1 ?\gh its extreme popul>ity = a long p]iod is p]haps ! real reason4 ,,rhy?m4--,an ord]ly arrangem5t1 b n necess>ily a correspond5t succession1 ( s\nds4 ,,rid+ ,,rhyme4--,an old "n = ! decasyllabic c\plet1 obvi\sly d]iv$ f its appe>ance 9 ,*auc]'s ,tales ( ,pilgrims rid+ to ,cant]bury4 ,,rime ,,c\,e or ,,tail$ ,,rhyme4--,translations 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% ( ! ,lat9 v]sus caudatus1 & n v happy f ! ,engli% po9t ( view1 ?\gh ju/ifi$ by orig9 7see ,orig9-,li/74 ,! v]se to :i* !y ref] is ! sixa9 ( two eights1 a six1 two m eights1 & ano!r six4 ,two tails are n common 9 ,engli% fauna2 & "o might pref] to call ! v]se wai/$ & tail$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 9 ! old ,romances 7:]e x is common1 & f its commonness 9 :i* x is bett] call$ ! ,romance-six7 (t5 f\nd 9 multiples ( ?ree o!r ?an six2 & x is at ! bat* ( ?ree t ! title looks--! c\plet ( eights con/itut+ ! body1 & ! odd six ! tail4 ,,romance-,,six4--,see ,,rime ,,c\,e4 ,,rondeau--,,rondel4--,fr5* 7& ,engli%7 =ms 9 :i* l9es are repeat$ at regul> int]vals4 7,see pp4 #abe-f47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sapphic4--,a classical metre consi/+ ( ?ree long] l9es & "o %ort] 7call$ an ,adonic7 arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ s*eme3-- ,x has be5 frequ5tly tri$ 9 ,engli%1 bo? z burlesque & s]i\sly4 ,= ! =m] use 7z 9 ,cann+'s immortal ,ne$y ,knife-,gr9d]7 x is1 l mo/ classical metres1 well suit$1 ?\gh ! true ,greek & ev5 ,lat9 rhy?m is g5]ally 7v4 sup4 p4 #abd7 violat$4 ,9 s]i\s v]se ,mr4 ,sw9burne has produc$ exquisite & o!rs 7z ,watts & ,c[p]7 respectable examples2 b ev5 ! be/ is a t\r de =ce only4 ,,section4--,a t]m n useless 9 its g5]al s5se z d5ot+ v]se divisions l>g] ?an a foot2 b n[ prejudicially preoccupi$ by ,gue/ 7v4 sup4 p4 #bed1 note7 & o!rs4 ,,sept5>4--,a ^w appli$ 7v undesirably7 by mo/ ,g]man & a few ,engli% writ]s to ! f\rte5] or sev5-foot iambic4 ,,septet4--,a v]se or /anza ( sev5 l9es4 ,,se/et1 also ,,sixa94--,a v]se or /anza ( six l9es4 ,,se/9e1 ,,se/9a4--,a v elaborate measure inv5t$ by ! ,prov5al poet ,arnaut ,daniel1 imitat$ by ,dante & o!r ,italians1 tri$ inexactly by ,sp5s]1 & sometimes rec5tly attempt$ 9 ,engli%4 ,,%ort ,,measure 7,s4,m474--,! split-up p\lt]'s measure or qu>tet ( #f1 #f1 #h1 #f4 ,,s+le-,,m\ld$4--,! t]m us$ 9 ?is book to describe ! e>ly blank-v]se l9e1 :i* appe>s to be con/ruct$ complete 9 itself1 )\t any expectation (1 or prep>ation =1 cont9uance4 ,see ,,end-,,/opp$4 ,,skeltonic4---,! peculi> k9d ( 7g5]ally %ort7 l9e us$ by ,skelton4 ,its commone/ =m is an anap/ic monomet] 7i4e4 two feet71 (t5 mu* fur!r cut d[n by dissyllabic & monosyllabic sub/itution or by catalexis1 b sometimes ext5d$4 ,x is always rhym$2 sometimes on ! same rhyme = sev]al l9es toge!r4 ,?\gh usually call$ dogg]el1 x does n q des]ve t "n z def9$ above4 ,see also note p4 #big4 ,,slur4--,see ,,elision4 ,,sonnet4--,a ^w sometimes1 9 =m] days1 loosely appli$ to any %ort poem1 especially ( an amatory nature2 (t5 n[adays almo/ z improp]ly limit$ to a special ,italian =m ( ! true sonnet4 ,?is latt] is a poem ( f\rte5 l9es1 ( ! same l5g? g5]ally & 7except by exception7 decasyllables 7orig9ally1 ( c\rse1 h5decasyllables7 arrang$ 9 v>y+ rhyme-s*emes4 ,its exact orig9 is unkn[n2 b x is fir/ f\nd 9 ,italian-,sicilian poets ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & x became enorm\sly popul> 9 ,italy v soon4 ,x did n spread nor?w>d = a consid]able "t1 ! fir/ ,fr5* sonnets occurr+ n v e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 ! fir/ ,engli%1 n till ne> its middle4 ,a great sonnet outbur/ took place at ! end ( t c5tury ) u2 b ! =m fell into disuse 9 ! sev5te5?1 ?\gh *ampion$ by ,milton2 & x 0 n till ! extreme end ( ! eighte5? c5tury t x became1 & has s9ce rema9$1 some?+ ( a /aple4 ,p>tly ! abs5ce ( ! ,italian ple?ora ( simil> end+s1 & p>tly some?+ else1 made ! e>lie/ ,engli% practition]s select an arrangem5t ) f9al rhym$ c\plet1 ! twelve rema9+ l9es be+ usually arrang$ 9 rhym$1 b n rhyme-l9k$1 quatra9s3 & ?is =m1 immortalis$ by ,%akespe>e1 is probably ! be/ suit$ to ,engli%4 ,x is1 at any rate1 absolutely g5u9e & or?odox !re4 ,b ,milton1 ,wordswor?1 & especially ,dante & ,*ri/9a ,rossetti1 h giv5 examples ( ! sonnets :i*1 divid$ mo/ly into octave & se/et1 h ?is latt] arrang$ 9 int]twi/$ rhymes4 ,?is =m is susceptible ( great beauty1 b has no pr]ogative1 /ill less any primog5iture1 9 our poetry4 ,,sp5s]ian4--,see ,orig9-,li/4 ,,spondee4--,a foot ( two long syllables 7 74 ,its pres5ce 9 ,engli% has be5 d5i$1 b mo/ /rangely2 its condition is1 9 fact1 exactly opposite to t ( ! dactyl4 ,9 s+le & sep>ate words its repres5tatives are *iefly comp\nds l moon%9e1 humdrum1 etc4 ,b1 z =m$ out ( diff]5t words1 x is frequ5t4 ,,/anza or ,,/ave4--,a collection ( l9es arrang$ 9 an ord]$ bat* & g5]ally on "s def9ite rhyme-s*eme4 ,also designat$ by "o ( ! loose s5ses ( v]se4 ,,/ress4--,g5]ally1 ?\gh n univ]sally1 us$ z synonym\s ) acc5t1 b some:at diff]5tly appli$1 acc5t be+ reg>d$ z some?+ m or less p]man5t 9 ! ^w1 /ress some?+ add$ specially 9 ! v]se4 ,by ext5sion ( ?is1 num]\s arbitr>y & fanciful sy/ems ( prosody h be5 rec5tly devis$4 ,,/ress-,,unit4--,a rec5t in/ance1 & "o ( ! wor/1 ( ! new t]ms inv5t$ to avoid ! use ( foot4 ,=1 almo/ m ?an any o!r1 x ignores ! importance ( non-/ress$ syllables4 ,,/rophe4--,! /anza-unit ( ,greek odic or *oric arrangem5t4 ,! sy/em is triple--/rophe1 anti/rophe1 & epode--& w be f\nd fully illu/rat$ & scann$ f ,gray 7v4 sup4 pp4 #hi-ia74 ,,sub/itution4--,see ,,equival5ce4 ,,synal,,pha4 ,,syncope4 --,see ,,elision4 ,,synizesis4 ,,syzygy4--,a t]m ( classical prosody :i* has a p]fectly /rict mean+--! yok+ ( two feet into a metrical bat* 7see ,,dimet]74 ,x has1 9 "s rec5t cases1 be5 r un=tunately ext5d$ to o!r =ms ( comb9+ syllables1 s\nds1 etc4 ,z ?us us$ x is n ne$$1 & is likely to cause confusion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tail$ ,,sonnet4--,an ,italian l5g!n+ ( ! sonnet to eighte5 or tw5ty l9es1 sometimes practis$ 9 ,engli%1 ! be/ kn[n example be+ ,milton's2 b n v admirable 9 our language1 & n at all necess>y4 ,ev5 9 ,italian ! use is l>gely burlesque4 ,,t]cet4--,a gr\p ( ?ree l9es l ,,triplet1 b specially limit$ to t us$ 9 ,,t]za ,,rima4 ,,t]za ,,rima4--,a v]se-arrangem5t by :i*1 9 a gr\p ( ?ree l9es1 ! fir/ & ?ird rhyme toge!r1 :ile ! middle is left to rhyme ) ! fir/ & ?ird ( ! next bat*4 ,?is arrangem5t1 v effective 9 ,italian1 & und\bt$ly "o ( ! *ief elem5ts ( ! magnific5ce ( ,dante's prosody1 has nev] be5 really successful 9 ,engli%4 ,"s ( ! be/ examples are ,%elley's2 ! e>lie/1 aft] "s fragm5ts 9 ,*auc]1 are ,wyatt's2 ! l>ge/ cont9u\s employm5t is 9 ,canon ,dixon's ,mano4 ,,tetramet]4--,a t]m improp]ly appli$ to ! octosyllable2 prop]ly to div]s long l9es ( eight iambs1 anap/s1 or tro*ees4 ,,!sis4--,see ,,arsis4 ,,"t4--,a ^w ( fe> 9 prosody1 z x is almo/ always a voice prophesy+ w>4 ,us$ m]ely 9 ! s5se ( rhy?m1 x is q innocu\s2 & con/ru$ g5]ally1 z :5 ,s\!y says t two %ort syllables take up only ! "t ( "o1 !re ne$ be no h>m 9 x4 ,b :5 absolute duration is insi/$ on1 & p discuss :e!r ?is c be giv5 by t or ! o!r means1 great & unnecess>y mis*ief is likely to be done4 ,,tribra*4--,a foot ( ?ree %ort syllables 7 74 ,v frequ5t 9 lat] ,engli%1 p]haps less s 9 e>li]4 ,,triolet4--,a %ort ,fr5* =m ( ! rondeau1 9 ! mo/ common v>iety ( :i* ! fir/ ( eight l9es is repeat$ 9 ! f\r? & sev5?1 ! second be+ also repeat$ 9 ! eigh?1 s t !re are only five l9es ( indep5d5t s5se4 7,see example1 p4 #abe47 ,,triple4--,see ,,duple4 ,,triplet4--,a gr\p ( ?ree l9es2 mo/ commonly us$ ( ?ree :i* rhyme toge!r4 ,see ,,t]cet4 ,,tro*ee4--,a foot ( two syllables--long1 %ort 7 74 ,! complem5t-contra/ ( ! iamb2 an invaluable v>iant ^u x2 ! be/ introduc] 7by admitt+ x z a sub/itute7 ( ! dactyl 9 ,engli%2 & v effective by itself :5 prop]ly manag$4 ,,truncation4--,! lopp+ (f ( a syllable at beg9n+ or end ( l9e4 ,?is 9 ! latt] case equals :at is "h call$ ,,catalexis 7q4v471 & 9 ! =m] is (t5 bett] acc\nt$ = by a monosyllabic foot4 ,b !re are cases1 z 9 ,*auc]'s acephal\s l9es1 :]e x is n inapplicable4 ,,tumbl+ ,,v]se4--,a phrase ( ,k+ ,james ! ,six? 7,fir/7 9 8 prosodic treatise1 :i* has caus$1 or at lea/ be5 connect$ )1 difficulties 7see ,,cad5ce74 ,he seems to h meant by x no?+ m ?an ! loose half-dogg]el anap/s :i* 7 s common 9 ! fir/ two-?irds ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,,turn ,,( ,,words4--,a phrase specially us$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury = ! repetition1 id5tically or ) little *ange1 ( ! same words at ! end ( a l9e & ! beg9n+ ( ! next4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,v]se4--,a ^w us$ ) un=tunate1 ?\gh p]haps unavoidable1 ambiguity4 ,x is employ$ fir/ 7& be/7 ( writ+ 9 g5]al z oppos$ to prose2 secondly1 ( a s+le l9e ( poetry2 ?irdly1 ( a bat* ( l9es2 :ile !re is ev5 a f\r? use1 n[ obsolete1 b common 9 ! ,elizabe?ans1 by :i* x appli$ to classical unrhym$ metres 9 ,engli%4 ,?is la/1 "o may hope1 w nev] be reviv$4 ,( ! o!rs1 ! fir/ & ?ird are indisp5sable & c cause no real confusion4 ,b1 ?\gh a fairly /rong case c be made out = v]se 9 ! s5se ( l9e1 ! inconv5i5ce & confusion ( ?is use %\ld be held to prohibit x4 ,,v]se ,,p>agraph4--,a v important developm5t ( blank v]se1 ensur+ to x almo/ all ! advantages ( /anza 9 "s ways1 & m ?an all 9 o!rs4 ,fir/ rea*$ by ,%akespe>e 9 drama1 & by ,milton 9 non-dramatic v]se1 x consi/s 9 s knitt+ a bat* ( blank-v]se l9es toge!r by v>iation ( pause1 alt]nate use ( /op & enjambm5t1 & close connection ( s5se1 t nei!r eye nor voice is dispos$ to make s]i\s halt till ! close ( ! p>agraph is rea*$4 ,?us an effect ( conc]t$ music is produc$ ?r\gh ! :ole ( x4 ,no "o has ev] be5 a great ma/] ( blank v]se )\t be+ a ma/] ( ?is device2 b p]haps ! mo/ special & elaborate comm& ( x has be5 ,t5nyson's4 ,,v[el-,,music4--,9 a c]ta9 s5se v[el-music may be said to be1 & always to h be51 a ma91 if n ! ma91 s\rce ( ! pleasure giv5 to ! e> by poetry4 ,nor1 x may also be said1 c any accompli%$ poet ev] h be5 indiff]5t to x4 ,delib]ate att5tion to x1 h[ev]1 has v>i$ mu* at diff]5t times ( ,engli% poetry1 & 0 p]haps at its l[e/ 9 ! eighte5?1 at its highe/ 9 ! n9ete5?1 c5tury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,weak ,,end+4--,a te*nical t]m us$ by n a few prosodi/s1 b n adopt$ 9 ?is book1 = r$undance4 ,z a matt] ( fact a l9e is (t5 mu* /rong] = ! extra syllable4 ,,wr5*$ ,,acc5t4--,a t]m appli$1 by acc5tual prosodi/s1 sometimes to signify removal ( acc5t on a ^w f ! usual place2 sometimes to ! pres5ce ( an unacc5t$ syllable :]e !y expect an acc5t$1 or ! rev]se4 ,9 ! fir/ s5se x is unobjectionable2 9 ! second1 always unnecess>y1 & (t5 sugge/ive ( misdescription ( ! results ( ord9>y sub/itution4#afa ,,footnotes3 #aed ,web/]'s ,diction>y4 #aee ,,note ,,on ,,musical ,,& ,,rhetorical ,,arrangem5ts ,,( ,,v]se ,x has be5 said above 7,book ,i4 ,*ap4 ,v4 ,rule #da1 p4 #ce7 t c]ta9 additional arrangem5ts ( v]se may be made = musical or rhetorical purposes4 ,?is no d\bt requires explanation & example1 ! latt] especially4 ,x %all n[ h !m4 ,t5nyson's ,! wat*er on ! column to ! end1 & ,mr4 ,sw9burne's ,! ?und] ( ! trumpets ( ! night1 are bo? regul> & unexceptionable h]oics1 five-foot iambics1 decasyllabic l9es1 etc4 ,b 9 read+ !m ! voice w n improbably be tempt$ 7& ne$ n resi/ ! temptation7 to arrange !m z ,! wat*] on ! column to ! end & ,! ?und] ( ! trumpets ( ! night respectively1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! latt] l9e o!r dispositions are possible4 ,9 blank-v]se p>agraphs especially1 ! poet is likely to sugge/ a great deal ( su* scansion4 ,no d\bt !re are 9 ?is arrangem5t f\r-syllable divisions & ?ree-syllable ones l amphibra*s1 etc42 b t does n matt]1 because ! l9e has already pass$ ! regul> prosodic te/s4 ,& no d\bt ! sections1 or :atev] !y are to be call$1 are n /rictly sub/itutable2 b !n on ?is s*eme1 :i* is n positively prosodic & applies to ! individual l9e only1 !y ne$ n be4 ,s1 too1 !re is no h>m 9 divid+ ,hood's fam\s piece1 = musical purposes1 into ditro*ees3 ,i rememb] ,i rememb]1 ,h[ my little lov]s came1 or ev5 9 mak+ :at are practically eight feet out ( ,all people t on e>? d dwell1 9 ord] to get an impressive musical effect4 ,"h also ! l9es h pass$ ! prosodic prelim9>y or matriculation2 z 9 ! "o case tro*aic tetramet]s catalectic split 9 half2 9 ! o!r1 z ord9>y long measure4 ,n[ x is ?is necess>y prelim9>y :i* ! pla9- & fancy-/ress prosodi/s neglect2 putt+ _! /ress divisions n on ! top1 b 9 ! place ( x4 ,& ! probable result w\ld be1 if ! proce$+ 7 widely foll[$--z1 inde$1 x has be5 already to "s small ext5t1--! creation ( a new *aos l t ( fifte5?-c5tury ,s\?-,engli% v]se g5]ally1 or ( blank v]se & h]oic c\plet 9 ! mid-sev5te5?4 #aef ,see ! l>g] ,hi/ory = full] discussion ( ?is4 ,su* l9es w (t5 scan tro*aically 7or 9 "s o!r way7 s z to take 9 ! outside syllable2 b ! "q !n arises :e!r su* scansion w suit ! context4 #aeg ,pr(essor ,h>die rem9ds me ( ,qu9tilian's ass]tion 7,in/4 ,orat4 ,,ix4 iv4 #acf7 t ev5 9 ,lat91 iambs omnibus p$ibus insurgunt4 #aeh ,,note ,,on ,,ionic ,a ,,m9ore ,,z ,,applicable ,,to ,,! ,,epilogue ,,( ,,br[n+',s ,,asol&o ,x has be5 propos$ to scan ! beautiful la/ words ( ,rob]t ,br[n+-- ,at ! midnight1 9 ! sil5ce ( ! sleep-"t1 ,:5 y set y\r fancies free-- ,w !y pass to :]e1 by dea?1 fools ?9k1 imprison$ ,l[ he lies :o once s lov$ y1 :om y lov$ s1 --,pity me8 z an example ( ,engli% ,ionic a m9ore2#aei n 7z x is tak5 by ! pres5t writ]7 z tro*aic-- t ? mdnght n ? slnce f ? slep-tme2 n t ? midnght n ? slnce f ? slep-tme4 ,p]haps ^? :o propose ?is h be5 a little brib$ by consci\s or unconsci\s desire to prev5t acc5t+ 9 & (2 b no m ne$ be said on ?is po9t4 ,! tro*ees1 or _! suffici5t equival5ts1 w run v well )\t any viol5t ,,inn or ,,ovv4 ,b :5 ! piece is exam9$ by e> ( body & e> ( m9d 7= ! m9d's e> is z important z ! m9d's eye7 x w be f\nd t ,ionic scansion is unsatisfactory4 ,x is p]haps n utt]ly fatal to ! fir/ l9e 7?\gh x gives an unpleasantly rock+-horsy movem5t71 & p]haps /ill less to ! second1 :]e ! catalexis itself saves ?is effect to "s ext5t4 ,b ! junction & sev]ance ( s5se :i* x sugge/s 9 ! ?ird-- ,wll ?y pss t :re1 by da?1 fols ?nk1 mprsn$1 is v ugly4 ,& ?is same junction or sev]ance becomes impossible 9 ! %ort l9es conclud+ ! /anzas4 ,to suit ! ,ionic measure ^! mu/ run-- ,pty m ,bng--:8 ,slep t wke ,?re s hre1 a set ( jumpy anap/s :i* upsets ! :ole pa?os & dignity ( ! composition :5 comp>$ ) ,pty m2 ,slep t wke2 & ,?re s hre2 :ile x makes ,bng--:8 into a m]e burlesque1 & flies 9 ! face ( ,br[n+'s specially indicat$ pause4 #aei 4 ,?ird pon 7 7 has also be5 sugge/$1 b ! same c\nt]-argum5ts apply to x4 #afj ,x w\ld become tol]able z a f\r-foot anap/1 & p]haps p>tly sugge/$ su* a l9e2 also z an octosyllable ) sub/itution4 #afa ,note 7,second ,edition7 on ,skeltonic1 v4 sup4 p4 #bic4--;,attempts h be5 made to trace x to ! v %ort l9es us$ by ,m>tial d',auv]gne 7c4 #adbj-aejh7 &1 p]haps1 o!r ,fr5* poets4 ,b1 z 9 "s simil> cases1 ^! attempts ignore radical diff]5ces1 su* z ! pres5ce ( ! anap/ 9 ,engli% & its abs5ce f ,fr5*1 & o!rs /ill4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,reason$ ,,li/ ,,( ,,poets ,,) ,,special ,,reg>d ,,to ,,_! ,,prosodic ,,quality ,,& ,,influ5ce ,,arnold1 ,,mat!w 7#ahbb-ahhh74--,made v>i\s attempts 7outside ( 8 classical drama ,m]ope7 at rhymeless metres 9 ,engli%4 ,c\nt5anc$ ! ,engli% hexamet]4 ,also made1 b ab&on$1 exp]im5ts 9 ! enjamb$ c\plet1 :i* anticipat$ ,william ,morris4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,b>ham1 ,,ri*>d ,h4 7,?omas ,+oldsby7 7#aghh-ahde74--,%[$ ! greate/ pr(ici5cy 9 light1 loose metres ( ! anap/ic division1 & ex]cis$ mu* influ5ce by !m1 ow+ to ! wide & long-su/a9$ popul>ity ( ! ,+oldsby ,leg5ds 7#ahdj1 b e>li] 9 magaz9es74 ,,beaumont1 ,,sir ,,john 7#aehc-afbc74--,"o ( ! e>lie/ 7be=e #afbe7 practition]s1 & p]haps ! v e>lie/ *ampion 9 v]se itself1 ( ! /opp$ c\plet exactly arrang$4 ,,blake1 ,,william 7#ageg-ahbg74--;,al?\gh ,blake's imm$iate & direct influ5ce mu/ h be5 small1 !re is h>dly any poet :o exhibits ! t5d5cy ( 8 "t 9 metre m v>i\sly & vehem5tly4 ,9 8 unhesitat+ & brilliantly successful use ( sub/itution 9 octosyllabic c\plet1 ballad measure1 & lyrical adju/m5ts ( v>i\s k9ds1 z well z 9 m$ia v>y+ f actual v]se to ! rhy?m$ prose ( 8 ,prophetic books1 ,blake /ruck def9itely away f ! monoton\s & select metres ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & anticipat$ ! lib]ty1 multiplicity1 & v>iety ( ! n9ete5?4 ,& he diff]$1 almo/ equally1 f all b "o or two ( 8 old] contempor>ies1 & f mo/ ( 8 y\ng] = _m ye>s1 9 ! col\r & f+]+ ( 8 v]se4 ,,b[les1 ,,william ,,lisle 7#agfb-ahej74--;,a g5]ally m$iocre poet1 :o1 h[ev]1 des]ves a place ( hon\r "h = ! sonnets :i* he publi%$ 9 #aghi1 & :i* _h an imm5se influ5ce on ,col]idge1 ,s\!y1 & o!rs ( 8 juniors1 n m]ely 9 re/or+ t great =m to popul>ity1 b by inculcat+ description & /udy ( nature 9 connection ) ! ?\ghts & passions ( m54 ,,br[ne1 ,,william 7#aeia-afdc74--;,a ,jacobean poet ( ! loosely nam$ ,sp5s]ian s*ool--effective 9 v>i\s metres1 b a special & e>ly expon5t ( ! enjamb$ c\plet4 ,,br[n+1 ,,elizabe? ,,b>rett 7#ahjf-ahfa74--,rem>kable "h = h] adoption ( ! n9ete5?-c5tury pr9ciple ( ! wide/ possible metrical exp]im5t & v>iety4 ,9 actual metre effective1 ?\gh sometimes a little slip%od4 ,9 rhyme a port5t & a w>n+4 ,p]haps ! wor/ rhyme/] 9 ! ,engli% language--p]petrat+1 & attempt+ to def5d on a mi/ak5 view ( assonance1 cacophonies s hide\s t !y ne$ n sully ?is page4 ,,br[n+1 ,,rob]t 7#ahab-ahhi74--,(t5 describ$ z a loose & rugg$ metri/1 & a lic5ti\s1 if n crim9al1 rhyme/]4 ,no?+ ( ! sort4 ,extraord9>ily bold 9 bo? capacities1 & sometimes1 p]haps1 z usually happ5s 9 ^! cases1 a little too bold2 b 9 metre practically nev]1 9 rhyme v seldom 7& !n only = purposes ( design$ contra/1 l ! f>ce 9 trag$y71 ov]/epp+ actual b\nds4 ,a great ma/] ( brok5 metres1 int]nal rhyme1 heavily equival5c$ l9es1 & all ! t\rs de =ce ( ,engli% prosody4 ,,burns1 ,,rob]t 7#agei-agif74--,( ! v greate/ importance 9 hi/orical prosody1 because ( ! %ock :i* 8 fre% dialect adm9i/]$ to ! conv5tional poetic diction ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & 8 unusual & brok5 measures 7especially ! fam\s ,burns-metre7 to its notions ( metric4 ,an admirable p]=m] on ! /r+s t he tri$2 a ma/] ( musical f+]+ ( v]se2 & to "s ext5t a pione] ( ! revival ( sub/itution4 ,,byron1 ,,george ,,gordon1 ,,"l 7#aghh-ahbd74--,usually mu* und]valu$ z a prosodi/1 ev5 by ^? :o admire him z a poet4 ,really ( great importance 9 ?is respect1 ow+ to ! v>iety1 & 9 "s cases ! novelty1 ( 8 accompli%m5t1 & to its imm5se popul>ity4 ,8 ,sp5s]ians 9 ,*ilde ,h>old n ( ! highe/ class1 b ! light octaves ( ,beppo & ,don ,juan ! v be/ examples ( ! metre 9 ,engli%4 ,"s f9e b rhetorical blank v]se1 & a great deal ( flu5t octosyllabic c\plet imitat$ f ,scott4 ,b 8 lyrics ( mo/ importance1 comb9+ popul> appeal ) great v>iety1 & sometimes positive novelty1 ( adju/m5t & cad5ce4 ,diction is 8 weake/ po9t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,campbell1 ,,?omas 7#aggg-ahdd74--,n prosodically rem>kable 9 8 long] poems1 b v mu* s 9 "s ( 8 %ort]1 especially ,! ,battle ( ! ,baltic1 :]e ! bold %ort5+ ( ! la/ l9e1 effective 9 itself1 has prov$ sugge/ive to o!rs ( ev5 bett] ?+s1 su* z ! half-humor\s1 half-pla9tive measure ( ,holmes's ,! ,la/ ,leaf & ,lock]'s ,gr&mamma4 ,,campion1 ,,?omas 78-#afai74--;,equally rem>kable = ! sweetness & v>iety ( 8 rhym$ lyrics 9 v>i\s ord9>y measures1 & z ! advocate & practition] ( a sy/em ( rhymeless v]se1 diff]5t f ! usual hexametrical attempts ( 8 contempor>ies1 b /ill adju/$ to classical patt]ns4 ,,cann+1 ,,george 7#aggj-ahbg74--;,influ5tial1 9 ! g5]al break+-up ( ! conv5tional metres & diction ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 by 8 p>odies ( ,d>w9 & 8 light lyrical pieces 9 ! ,anti-,jacob94 ,,*amb]layne1 ,,william 7#afai-afhi74--,rem>kable z1 9 ,ph>onnida1 "o ( ! *ief expon5ts ( ! beauties1 b /ill m ( ! dang]s1 ( ! enjamb$ h]oic c\plet2 9 8 ,engl&'s ,jubile z a r e>ly1 & by no means unaccompli%$1 practition] ( ! rival =m4 ,to be c>efully di/+ui%$ f 8 contempor>y1 ,rob]t ,*amb]la9 7fl4 c4 #afdj71 a v poor poeta/] :o wrote a few ,engli% hexamet]s4 ,,*att]ton1 ,,?omas 7#ageb-aggj74--,( "s int]e/ "h because 8 manufactur$ diction 0 a prote/ aga9/ ! conv5tional language ( eighte5?-c5tury poetry4 ,( m1 because he v5tur$ ^u equival5ce 9 octosyllabic c\plet1 & wrote ballad & o!r lyrical /anzas1 entirely diff]5t 9 =m & cad5ce f ^? ( mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 & less artificial ev5 ?an ^? ( ,coll9s & ,gray4 ,,*auc]1 ,,ge(frey 7#acdj8-adjj74--,! r$uc] ( ! fir/ /age ( ,engli% prosody to complete =m & ord]2 ! greate/ ma/] ( prosodic h>mony 9 our language be=e ! lat] sixte5? c5tury1 & "o ( ! greate/ 7) value = capacity 9 language7 ( all "t2 ! introduc] ( ! decasyllabic c\plet--if n absolutely1 yet sy/ematically & on a l>ge scale--& ( ! sev5-l9$ rhyme-royal /anza2 &1 f9ally1 a poet ^: comm& ( ! utmo/ prosodic possibilities ( ,engli%1 at ! "t ( 8 writ+1 almo/ necessitat$ a tempor>y prosodic disord]1 :5 ^? :o foll[$ attempt$ to imitate him ) a *ang$ pronunciation1 or?ography1 & ^w-/ore4 ,,clevel&1 ,,john 7#afac-afeh74--,( no great importance z a poet1 b hold+ a c]ta9 position z a comp>atively e>ly exp]im5t] ) app>5tly anap/ic measures 9 8 ,m>k ,antony & o!r pieces4 ,,col]idge1 ,,samuel ,,taylor 7#aggb-ahcd74--;,9 ! ,anci5t ,m>9] & ,*ri/abel1 ! great in/aurator ( equival5ce & sub/itution2 a ma/] ( _m o!r k9ds ( metre2 & an exp]im5t] 9 classical v]s+4 ,,coll9s1 ,,william 7#agba-agei7--;,fam\s 9 prosody = 8 attempt at odes less def9itely regul> ?an ,gray's1 b a va/ improvem5t on ! loose ,p9d>ic :i* _h prec$$2 & = a rem>kable attempt at rhymeless v]se 9 t ,to ,ev5+4 ,9 diction reta9$ a good deal ( artificiality4 ,,congreve1 ,,william 7#afgj-agbi74--,regul>is$ ,c[ley's loose ,p9d>ic4 ,,c[ley1 ,,abraham 7#afah-affg74--,! mo/ popul> poet ( ! mid-sev5te5? c5tury2 important to prosody = a wide1 v>i\s1 & easy1 ?\gh nev] q consummate comm& ( lyric1 z well z = a vigor\s & effective c\plet 7) occasional ,alex&r9es7 ( a k9d midway betwe5 t ( ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury & ,dryd5's2 b *iefly = 8 introduction ( ! s-call$ ,p9d>ic4 ,,c[p]1 ,,william 7#agca-ahjj74--,"o ( ! fir/ to prote/1 def9itely & by "n1 aga9/ ! me*anic art ( ,pope's c\plet4 ,he himself return$ to ,dryd5 = t metre2 b practis$ v l>gely 9 blank v]se1 & wrote lyrics ) great sweetness1 a fairly v>i$ comm& ( metre1 &1 9 ,boadicea1 ,! ,ca/away1 & "s ( 8 hymns1 no small int5sity ( tone & cry4 ,8 *ief %ortcom+1 a pref]5ce ( elision to sub/itution4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,donne1 ,,john 7#aegc-afca74--;,fam\s = ! beauty ( 8 lyrical poetry1 ! metaphysical /rang5ess ( 8 s5tim5t & diction ?r\gh\t1 & ! r\ghness ( 8 c\plets4 ,?is la/ made ,jonson1 :o ?\ght him ! fir/ poet 9 ! _w = "s ?+s1 decl>e t he nev]!less des]v$ hang+ = n keep+ acc5t1 & has induc$ o!rs to suppose a 7probably imag9>y7 revolt aga9/ ,sp5s]ian smoo?ness1 & an attempt at a new prosody4 ,,drayton1 ,,mi*ael 7#aefc-afca74--;,a v important poet prosodically1 repres5t+ ! lat] ,elizabe?an s*ool z x passes into ! ,jacobean1 & ev5 ! ,c>ol9e4 ,expresses & exemplifies ! dem& = ! c\plet 7:i* he calls gemell or gem9el71 b is an adept 9 /anzas4 ,9 ! ,polyolbion produc$ ! only long ,engli% poem 9 cont9u\s ,alex&r9es be=e ,br[n+'s ,fif9e at ! ,fair 7:i* is v mu* %ort]74 ,a v consid]able sonnete]1 & ! devis] ( v>i$ & beautiful lyrical /anzas 9 %ort rhy?ms1 ! mo/ fam\s be+ ! ,ballad ( ,ag9c\rt4 ,,dryd51 ,,john 7#afcj-agjj74--,! e/abli%] & ma/] ( ! /opp$ h]oic c\plet ) v>iations ( triplets & ,alex&r9es2 ! la/ great writ] ( dramatic blank v]se1 aft] he _h giv5 up ! c\plet = t use2 ma/] also ( any o!r metre--! /opp$ h]oic quatra91 lyrics ( v>i\s =m1 etc4--t he *ose to try4 ,a delib]ate /ud5t ( prosody1 on :i* he _h int5d$ to leave a treatise1 b did n4 ,,dixon1 ,,ri*>d ,,watson 7#ahcc-aijj74--,! only ,engli% poet :o has attempt$1 & 7z f> p]haps z ! ?+ is possible7 successfully c>ri$ out1 a long poem 7,mano7 9 t]za rima4 ,possess$ also ( great lyrical gift 9 v>i\s metres1 especially 9 irregul> or ,p9d>ic arrangem5ts4 ,,dunb>1 ,,william 7#adej8-aeac8 or -#aecj874--,! mo/ accompli%$ & v>i\s ma/] ( metre 9 ,middle ,scots1 includ+ bo? allit]ative & /rictly metrical =ms4 ,if he wrote ,! ,fri>s ( ,b]wick1 ! *ief ma/] ( decasyllabic c\plet betwe5 ,*auc] & ,sp5s]4 ,,dy]1 ,,john 7#agjj8-ageh874--;,d]ives 8 prosodic importance f ,grong> ,hill1 a poem 9 octosyllabic c\plet1 /udi$1 ) indep5d5ce1 f ,milton1 & help+ to keep alive 9 t c\plet ! v>iety ( iambic & tro*aic cad5ce d]iv$ f catalexis1 or alt]nation ( eight- & sev5-syllabl$ l9es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fairfax1 ,,edw>d 7d4 #afce74--,v influ5tial 9 ! =mation ( ! /opp$ anti!tic c\plet by 8 use ( x at ! close ( ! octaves ( 8 translation ( ,tasso4 ,,fitzg]ald1 ,,edw>d 7#ahji-ahhc74--,l ,fairfax1 fam\s = ! prosodic feature ( 8 translation ( ! ,rubiyt ( ,om> ,khayym4 ,?is is writt5 9 decasyllabic quatra9s1 ! fir/1 second1 & f\r? l9es rhym$ toge!r1 ! ?ird left blank4 ,,flet*]1 ,,giles 7#aehh-afbc71 & ,,ph9eas 7#aehb-afej74--;,bo? attempt$ alt]ations ( ! ,sp5s]ian by leav+ out fir/ "o & !n two l9es4 ,ph9eas also a great exp]im5t] 9 o!r directions4 ,,flet*]1 ,,john 7#aegi-afbe74--,! dramati/4 ,prosodically noticeable = 8 extreme lean+ to r$undance 9 dramatic blank v]se4 ,a ma/] ( lyric also4 ,,fr]e1 ,,john ,,hookham 7#agfi-ahdf74--,re9troduc$ ! octave = comic purposes 9 ! ,monks & ! ,giants 7#ahag71 & taught x to ,byron4 ,%[$ himself a ma/] ( v>i$ metre 9 8 translations ( ,ari/ophanes4 ,also dabbl$ 9 ,engli% hexamet]s1 hold+ t extra-metrical syllables 7 p]missible !re4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gascoigne1 ,,george 7#aebe8-aegg74--,n unrem>kable z a prosodi/1 f hav+ tri$ v>i\s lyrical measures ) di/9ct success1 & z hav+ giv5 ! fir/ consid]able piece ( non-dramatic blank v]se 7,! ,/eel ,glass7 aft] ,surrey4 ,b *iefly to be m5tion$ = 8 rem>kable ,notes ( ,in/ruction on ,engli% v]se1 ! fir/ treatise on ,engli% prosody & a v %rewd "o1 despite "s slips due to ! "t4 ,,glov]1 ,,ri*>d 7#agab-aghe74--;,a v dull poet1 b notewor?y = two po9ts connect$ ) prosody--8 exagg]ation ( ! ,?omsonian heavy /op 9 ! middle ( blank-v]se l9es1 & ! unrhym$ *oruses ( 8 ,m$ea4 ,,godric1 ,,sa9t 78-#aagj74--,! fir/ nam$ & kn[n au?or ( def9itely ,engli% 7t is ,middle ,engli%7 lyric1 if n ( def9itely ,engli% 7t is ,middle ,engli%7 v]se altoge!r4 ,,g[]1 ,,john 7#acbe8-adjh74--,! mo/ productive1 & p]haps ! be/1 old] ma/] ( ! flu5t octosyllable1 r>ely ?\gh sometimes v>i$ 9 syllabic l5g?1 & approximat+ mo/ directly to ! ,fr5* model4 ,,hampole1 ,,ri*>d ,,rolle ,,(1 mo/ commonly call$ by ! place-"n 7#abij8-acdg74--,notewor?y = ! occasional occurr5ce ( complete decasyllabic c\plets 9 ! octosyllables ( ! ,prick ( ,consci5ce4 ,possibly ! au?or ( poems 9 v>i$ lyrical measures1 "s ( great accompli%m5t4 ,,hawes1 ,,/eph5 7d4 #aebc874--,notable = ! contra/ betwe5 ! occasional poetry ( 8 ,pa/ime ( ,pleasure & its sometimes extraord9>ily bad rhyme-royal--:i* latt] is %[n )\t any relief 9 8 o!r long poem1 ! ,example ( ,virtue4 ,! *ief late example ( fifte5?-c5tury degradation 9 ?is respect4 ,,h]rick1 ,,rob]t 7#aeia-afgd74--,! be/ kn[n 7?\gh n 9 8 own or imm$iately succe$+ times7 ( ! ,c>ol9e poets4 ,a great ma/] ( v>iegat$ metre1 & a /ill great] "o ( sweet & v>i\s grace 9 diction4 ,,hunt1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,leigh 7#aghd-ahei74--;,*iefly rem>kable prosodically = 8 revival ( ! enjamb$ decasyllabic c\plet2 b a wide /ud5t1 & a ca?olic appreciator & practition]1 ( ,engli% metre g5]ally4 ,probably influ5c$ ,keats mu* at fir/4 ,,jonson1 ,,b5jam91 always call$ ,,b5 7#aegc8-afcg74--;,a great practical prosodi/1 & app>5tly 7l 8 successor1 & 9 "s respects analogue1 ,dryd57 only by accid5t n a tea*] ( ! /udy4 ,has left a few rem>ks1 z x is1 eulogis+1 b 9 r equivocal t]ms1 ! decasyllabic c\plet1 object+ to ,donne's n keep+ ( acc5t1 to ,sp5s]'s metre = :at exact reason we "k n1 & to ! ,engli% hexamet] app>5tly4 ,8 practice mu* pla9] sail+4 ,a f9e ?\gh r h>d ma/] ( blank v]se2 excell5t at ! c\plet itself2 b 9 lyric1 z f> z =m goes1 ne> p]fection 9 ! simpl] & m classical adju/m5ts1 z well z 9 pure ballad measure4 ,,keats1 ,,john 7#agie-ahba74--,"o ( ! *ief examples1 among ! great] ,engli% poets1 ( s$ul\s & successful /udy ( prosody2 9 ?is contra/+ rem>kably ) 8 contempor>y1 & 9 "s sort analogue1 ,%elley4 ,began by mu* read+ ( ,sp5s] & ( late sixte5?- & e>ly sev5te5?-c5tury poets1 9 foll[+ ^: enjamb$ c\plet he 0 also1 to "s ext5t1 a disciple ( ,leigh ,hunt4 ,exemplifi$ ! dang]s z well z ! beauties ( ?is 9 ,endymion1 & correct$ x by /anza-practice 9 ,isabella1 ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 & 8 great ,odes1 z well z by a /udy ( ,dryd5 :i* produc$ ! /rict] b m spl5did c\plet ( ,lamia4 ,/rongly ,miltonic1 b ) mu* orig9ality also1 9 ! blank v]se ( ,hyp]ion2 & a great ma/] ( ! fre] sonnet1 :i* he _h /udi$ 9 ! ,elizabe?ans4 ,modifi$ ! ballad measure 9 ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci ) a/oni%+ effect1 & 9 ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,m>k recov]$ 7p]haps f ,g[]7 a h&l+ ( ! octosyllable :i* rema9$ undevelop$ till ,mr4 ,william ,morris took x up4 ,,k+sley1 ,,*>les 7#ahai-ahge74--;,a poet v notable1 9 proportion to ! quantity ( 8 "w1 = v>iety & fre%ness ( metrical comm& 9 lyric4 ,b *iefly s = ! v]se ( ,&rom$a1 :i*1 aim+ at acc5tual dactylic hexamet]1 conv]ts itself into a five-foot anap/ic l9e ) anacrusis & hyp]catalexis1 & 9 s do+ entirely %akes (f ! unga9ly & slov5ly %amble ( ! ,evangel9e type4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,l&or1 ,,walt] ,,savage 7#agge-ahfd74--;,a great ma/] ( =m 9 all metres1 b1 9 8 long] poems & m regul> measures1 a little =mal 9 ! less fav\rable s5se4 ,9 8 small] lyrics 7epigrammatic 9 ! ,greek r ?an ! mod]n use7 h>dly second to ,b5 ,jonson1 :om he resembles n a little4 ,8 phrase ( s+ul> maje/y & grace4 ,,langl&1 ,,william 7f\rte5? c5tury74--,! probable "n ( ! pretty c]ta9ly s+le au?or ( ! rem>kable allit]ative poem call$ ,! ,vision ( ,pi]s ,pl[man4 ,develops ! allit]ative metre itself 9 a ma/]ly fa%ion ?r\gh ! successive v]sions ( 8 poem1 b also exhibits mo/ notably ! t5d5cy ( ! l9e to fall into def9itely metrical %apes--decasyllabic1 ,alex&r9e1 & f\rte5]1--) n infrequ5t anap/ic correspond5ces4 ,,layamon 7late twelf? & e>ly ?irte5? c5tury74--,exhibits 9 ! ,brut1 aft] a fa%ion h>dly to be p>allel$ else:]e1 ! pass+ ( "o metrical sy/em into ano!r4 ,may h int5d$ to write unrhym$ allit]atives1 b con/antly passes into complete rhym$ octosyllabic c\plet1 & g5]ally provides some?+ betwe5 ! two4 ,a lat] v]sion1 made mo/ probably1 if n c]ta9ly1 aft] 8 dea?1 acc5tuates ! transf]4 ,,lewis1 ,,mat!w ,,gregory 7#agge-ahah74--;,a v m9or poet1 & h>dly a major man ( lett]s 9 any o!r way ?an t ( prosody4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 9 consequ5ce p>tly ( an e>ly visit to ,g]many1 he acquir$ love =1 & comm& (1 ! anap/ic measures1 :i* he taught to great] poets ?an himself f ,scott d[nw>ds1 & :i* _h n a little to d ) ! progress ( ! ,romantic ,revival4 ,,lock] 7latt]ly ,,lock]-,,lampson7 ,,fr$]ick 7#ahba-ahie74--;,an au?or ( v]se ( society :o br\ght out ! s]io-comic p[] ( mu* v>iegat$ & ind5t$ metre ) rem>kable skill4 ,,longfell[1 ,,h5ry ,,wadswor? 7#ahjg-ahhb74--;,an extremely compet5t ,am]ican practition] ( almo/ e metre t he tri$1 except p]haps ! unrhym$ t]za rima1 :i* is difficult & may be impossible 9 ,engli%4 ,e/abli%$ ! popul>ity ( ! loose acc5tual hexamet] 9 ,evangel9e1 & did surpris+ly well ) unv>i$ tro*aic dimet] 9 ,hiawa?a4 ,8 lyrical metres n ( ! fir/ di/9ction1 b always musical & craftsmanlike4 ,,lydgate1 ,,john 7#acgj-adej874--,! mo/ indu/ri\s & productive ( ! foll[]s ( ,*auc]1 writ+ indiff]5tly rhyme-royal1 rid+ rhyme1 & octosyllabic c\plet1 b especially ! fir/ & la/1 z well z ballades & probably o!r lyrical "w4 ,lydgate seems to h made an ef=t to accommodate ! break+-d[n pronunciation ( ! "t--especially z reg>d$ f9al e's--to ^! measures2 b z a rule he _h v little success4 ,"o ( 8 v>ieties ( decasyllabic is else:]e /igmatis$4 ,he is lea/ abroad 9 ! octosyllable1 b n v effective ev5 !re4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,macaulay1 ,,?omas ,,bab+ton 7#ahjj-ahei74--;,be/ kn[n prosodically by 8 spirit$ & well beat5-out ballad measure 9 ! ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ,! ,la/ ,buccane]1 tri$ less commonplace movem5ts ) /range success4 ,,mag9n1 ,,william 7#agic-ahdb74--;,des]ves to be m5tion$ ) ,b>ham z a *ief initiator ( ! e>li] middle n9ete5? c5tury 9 ! r++ & sw++ comic measures :i* h done s mu* to supple ,engli% v]se1 & to accu/om ! g5]al e> to its possibilities4 ,,m>l[e1 ,,*ri/oph] 7#affd-afic74--,! greate/ ma/]1 among pr-,%akespe>ian writ]s1 ( ! blank-v]se l9e = spl5d\r & might1 z ,peele 0 = sweetness & brilliant col\r4 ,seldom1 ?\gh sometimes1 got beyond ! s+le-m\ld$ =m2 b avail$ himself to ! v utmo/ ( ! maje/y to :i* t =m r specially l5ds itself4 ,v great also 9 c\plet 7:i* he freely enjamb$7 & 9 miscellane\s measure :5 he tri$ x4 ,,milton1 ,,john 7#afjh-afgd74--,! la/ ( ! f\r *ief ma/]s ( ,engli% prosody4 ,began by v>i\s exp]im5ts 9 metre1 bo? 9 & out ( lyric /anza--rea*+1 9 ! ,nativity hymn1 almo/ ! maximum ( maje/y 9 conc]t$ measures4 ,9 ,l',allegro1 ,il ,p5s]oso1 & ! ,arcades pass$ to a v>iety ( ! octosyllabic c\plet1 :i* _h be5 mu* practis$ by ,%akespe>e & o!rs1 b develop$ its v>iety & grace yet fur!r1 ?\gh he did n attempt ! full ,sp5s]ian or ,*ri/abel v>iation4 ,9 ,comus cont9u$ ?is1 p>tly1 ) lyrical ext5sions1 b wrote ! major "p 9 blank v]se--n irrem9isc5t ( ! s+le-m\ld$ =m1 b l>gely /udi$ (f ,%akespe>e & ,flet*]1 & ) 8 own peculi> turns already giv5 to x4 ,9 ,lycidas employ$ irregul>ly rhym$ p>agraphs ( mo/ly decasyllabic l9es4 ,wrote "s score ( f9e sonnets1 adju/$ m closely to ! usual ,italian models ?an ^? ( mo/ ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,aft] an int]val1 produc$1 9 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ! fir/ long poem 9 blank v]se1 & ! greate/ non-dramatic example ( ! measure ev] se5--admitt+ ! fulle/ v>iation & sub/itution ( foot & syllable1 & con/ruct+ v]se-p>agraphs ( almo/ /anzaic effect by v>i$ pause & contra/$ /oppage & ov]runn+4 ,repeat$ ?is1 ) p]haps "s slight modifications1 9 ,p>adise ,rega9$4 ,f9ally1 9 ,samson ,agoni/es1 employ$ blank-v]se dialogue ) *oric int]ludes rhym$ elaborately--?\gh 9 an aft]?\ght note to ,p>adise ,lo/ he _h d5\nc$ rhyme--& arrang$ on metrical s*emes sometimes unexampl$ 9 ,engli%4 ,,moore1 ,,?omas 7#aggi-aheb74--;,a v volum9\s poet 9 ! mo/ v>i\s metres1 & a compet5t ma/] ( all4 ,b especially noticeable z a tra9$ & practis+ musician1 :o wrote a v l>ge proportion ( 8 lyrics directly to music1 & compos$ or adapt$ sett+s = _m ( !m4 ,! d\ble process has result$ 9 great v>iety & sweetness1 b occasionally also 9 laxity :i*1 f ! prosodic po9t ( view1 is some:at excessive4 ,,morris1 ,,william 7#ahcd-ahif74--,"o ( ! be/ & mo/ v>i\sly gift$ ( rec5t prosodi/s4 ,9 8 e>ly "w1 ,! ,def5ce ( ,gu5ev]e1 a*iev$ a great numb] ( metres1 on ! mo/ v>i$ s*emes1 ) surpris+ effect2 9 8 long] productions1 ,jason & ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 h&l$ enjamb$ c\plets1 octosyllabic & decasyllabic1 ) an extraord9>y comp\nd ( fre$om & precision4 ,9 ,love is ,en\gh tri$ allit]ative & irregul> rhy?m ) unequal b sometimes beautiful results2 & 9 ,sigurd ! ,volsung f+]$ ! old f\rte5] into a sweep+ n>rative v]se ( spl5did quality & no small range4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,orm4--,a monk ( ! twelf? to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :o compos$ a long v]sification ( ! ,cal5d> ,gospels 9 unrhym$1 /rictly syllabic1 fifte5-syllabl$ v]se1 l5d+ itself to regul> division 9 eights & sev5s4 ,a v important evid5ce z to ! exp]im5t+ t5d5cy ( ! "t & to ! /riv+s = a new ,engli% prosody4 ,o',,%aughnessy1 ,,ar?ur ,w4 ,e4 7#ahdd-ahha74--;,a lyri/ ( great orig9ality1 & ) a f+]+ peculi> to himself1 ?\gh mo/ ne>ly resembl+ t ( ,edg> ,poe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,peele1 ,,george 7#aeeh8-aeig874--,rem>kable = s(t5+ ! e>ly decasyllabon z ,m>l[e sublim$ x4 ,,p]cy1 ,,?omas 7#agbi-ahaa74--;,z an orig9al v]se-mak]1 ( v small value1 & z a m$dl] ) old] v]se to pat* & piece x1 some:at mis*iev\s2 b z ! editor ( ! ,reliques1 to be hall[$ & canonis$ = t 8 de$1 9 e hi/ory ( ,engli% prosody & poetry4 ,,poe1 ,,edg> 7#ahji-ahdi74--,! greate/ ma/] ( orig9al prosodic effect t ! ,unit$ ,/ates h produc$1 & an in/9ctively & g5]ally "r 7?\gh1 9 detail1 ha/y1 ill-in=m$1 & crude7 essayi/ on po9ts ( prosodic doctr9e4 ,produc$ little1 & t little n always equal2 b at 8 be/ an unsurpassable ma/] ( music 9 v]se & phrase4 ,,pope1 ,,alex&] 7#afhh-agdd74--,practically devot$ himself to "o metre1 & "o =m ( x--! /opp$ h]oic c\plet1--subject$ z mu* z possible to a rigid abs5ce ( lic5ce2 dropp+ 7?\gh he sometimes us$ !m7 ! triplets & ,alex&r9es1 :i* ev5 ,dryd5 _h admitt$2 adh]+ to an almo/ ma!matically c5trical pause2 employ+1 by pref]5ce1 %ort1 %>p rhymes ) little e*o 9 !m2 & b v r>ely1 ?\gh ) at lea/ "o odd exception1 all[+ ev5 ! possibility ( a trisyllabic foot4 ,an extraord9>y arti/ on ?is practically s+le /r+1 b gave himself few *ances on o!rs4 ,,pra$1 ,,w9?rop ,,mackwor? 7#ahjb-ahci7--;,an e>ly n9ete5?-c5tury ,prior4 ,n incapable ( s]i\s v]se1 & h>dly surpass$ 9 laught]4 ,8 greate/ triumph1 ! adaptation ( ! ?ree-foot anap/1 alt]nately hyp]catalectic & acatalectic or exact1 :i* _h be5 a ballad-burlesque metre z e>ly z ,gay1 _h be5 p>tly ens\l$ by ,byron 9 "o piece1 b 0 made 8 own by ,pra$1 & h&$ d[n by him to ,mr4 ,sw9burne to be yet fur!r sublimat$4 ,,prior1 ,,mat!w 7#affd-agba74--,( special prosodic importance = 8 ex]cises 9 anap/ic metres & 9 octosyllabic c\plet1 bo? ( :i* =ms he practically e/abli%$ 9 ! security ( popul> fav\r1 :5 ! /opp$ h]oic c\plet 0 ?reat5+ monopoly4 ,8 phrase equally suitable to ! v]s de socit ( :i* he 0 our fir/ great ma/]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rob]t ,,( ,,gl\ce/] 7fl4 c4 #abhj74--,nom5 cl>um 9 prosody1 z be+ app>5tly ! fir/ copi\s & individual produc] ( ! great f\rte5] metre1 :i*1 ) ! octosyllabic c\plet1 is ! s\rce1 or at lea/ ! olde/1 ( all mod]n ,engli% =ms4 ,,rossetti1 ,,*ri/9a ,,georg9a 7#ahcj-ahid7 & ,,dante ,,gabriel 7#ahbh-ahhb74--;,a bro!r & si/] :o rank extraord9>ily high 9 our flock4 ,( ma9ly ,italian blood1 ?\gh ?or\ghly ,anglicis$1 & inde$ p>tly ,engli% by blood itself1 !y produc$ ! greate/ ,engli% sonnets on ! common] ,italian model1 & display$ almo/ inf9ite capacity 9 o!r metres4 ,miss ,rossetti _h ! great] t5d5cy to metrical exp]im5t1 & p]haps ! m /rictly lyrical gift ( ! song k9d2 h] bro!r1 ! sev]] comm& ( sculpturesque b ri*ly col\r$ =m 9 poetry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sackville1 ,,?omas 7#aecf-afjh74--,"o ( ! la/ & be/ practition]s ( ! old rhyme-royal ( ,*auc]1 & "o ( ! fir/ exp]im5t]s 9 dramatic blank v]se4 ,,s&ys1 ,,george 7#aegh-afdd74--;,has traditional place aft] ,fairfax & ) ,wall] 7,sir ,john ,beaumont1 :o ought to rank p]haps be=e ^!1 be+ g5]ally omitt$7 z a practition] ( /opp$ h]oic c\plet4 ,also us$ ,9 ,memoriam quatra94 ,,say]s1 ,,frank 7#agfc-ahag74--;,an apo/le1 bo? 9 practice & prea*+1 ( ! unrhym$ v]se--notewor?y at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury--:i* gives him 8 place 9 ! /ory4 ,,scott1 ,,sir ,,walt] 7#agga-ahcb74--,! facts ( 8 prosodic influ5ce & p]=mance h>dly d5iable1 b its nature & value (t5 /rangely misrepres5t$4 ,0 probably influ5c$ by ,lewis 9 adopt+ 7f ! ,g]man7 anap/ic measures2 & c]ta9ly & mo/ av[$ly influ5c$ by ,col]idge 7^: ,*ri/abel he he>d read or recit$ long be=e publication7 9 adopt+ equival5c$ octosyllabic c\plet & ballad metres 9 n>rative v]se4 ,b probably d]iv$ z mu* f ! old ballads & romances !mselves1 :i* he knew z no "o else !n did1 & z few h kn[n !m s9ce4 ,appli$ ! me?od l>gely 9 8 v]se-romances1 b 0 also a ma/] ( v>i$ =ms ( lyric1 no mean pr(ici5t 9 ! ,sp5s]ian & 9 fragm5ts1 at lea/1 ( blank v]se4 ,,%akespe>e1 ,,william 7#aefd-afaf74--,! ca?olicos or univ]sal ma/]1 z ( ,engli% poetry s ( ,engli% prosody4 ,9 ! blank v]se ( 8 plays1 & 9 ! songs int]sp]s$ 9 !m1 z well z 9 8 immature n>rative poems & m mature sonnets1 e pr9ciple ( ,engli% v]sification c be f\nd exemplifi$1 less delib]ately ma*9$1 x may be1 ?an 9 ,milton or ,t5nyson1 b 9 absolutely g5u9e & (t5 n e>li]-f\nd =m4 ,,%elley1 ,,p]cy ,,bys%e 7#agib-ahbb74--,! great mod]n example ( prosodic inspiration1 z ,keats1 ,t5nyson1 & ,mr4 ,sw9burne are ( prosodic /udy4 ,%elley's e>ly v]se is z unimportant 9 ?is way z 9 o!rs2 b f ,que5 ,mab to "s ext5t1 f ,ala/or unque/ionably1 onw>ds1 he display$ totally diff]5t quality1 & e metre t he t\*$ 7ev5 if possibly sugge/$ to "s ext5t by o!rs7 be>s ! m>ks ( 8 own p]sonality4 ,,%5/one1 ,,william 7#agad-agfc74--,n q unimportant z poet1 9 break+ away f ! c\plet2 b ( mu* m weight = ! few prosodic rem>ks 9 8 ,essays1 9 :i* he directly pleads = trisyllabic 7z he awkw>dly calls !m dactylic7 feet1 = long-e*o+ rhymes1 & = o!r ?+s adv]se to ! me*anic tune by he>t ( ! popul> prosody4 ,,sidney1 ,,sir ,,philip 7#aeed-aehf74--;,a great exp]im5t] 9 ,elizabe?an classical =ms2 b mu* m happy z an accompli%$ & v influ5tial ma/] ( ! sonnet1 & a lyric poet ( great sweetness & v>iety4 ,,s\!y1 ,,rob]t 7#aggd-ahdc74--;,a v deft & le>n$ practition] ( _m k9ds ( v]se1 8 t5d5cy to exp]im5t lead+ him into rhymelessness 7,?alaba7 & hexamet]s 7,! ,vision ( ,judgm5t72 b q s\nd on g5]al pr9ciples1 & ! fir/ ( 8 s*ool & "t to *ampion ! use ( trisyllabic feet 9 pr9ciple1 & to appeal to old practice 9 _! fav\r4 ,,sp5s]1 ,,edmund 7#aeeb8-aeii74--,! second f\nd] ( ,engli% prosody 9 8 :ole "w2 ! re/or] ( regul> =m n de/itute ( music2 ! pres]v] ( equival5ce 9 octosyllabic c\plet2 & ! inv5tor ( ! great ,sp5s]ian /anza1 ! greate/ 9 e s5se ( all assemblages ( l9es1 possess+ individual beauty & capable ( indef9ite repetition4 ,,surrey1 ,,e>l ,,(1 ! c\rtesy title ( ,,h5ry ,,h[>d 7#aeag-aedg74--,our second ,engli% sonnete]1 our second au?or ( re=m$ lit]>y lyric aft] ! fifte5?-c5tury break-d[n1 & our fir/ cle>ly int5tional writ] ( blank v]se4 ,,sw9burne1 ,,alg]non ,,*>les 7#ahcg-aiji74--,( all ,engli% poets ! "o :o has appli$ ! wide/ s*ol>%ip & /udy1 assi/$ by great orig9al prosodic gift1 to ! v>y+ & accompli%+ ( ,engli% metre4 ,impeccable 9 all k9ds2 9 lyric ne>ly supreme4 ,to "s ext5t e>ly1 &1 /ill m1 lat]1 exp]im5t$ 9 v long l9es1 nev] unh>moni\s1 b sometimes r comp\nds ?an g5u9e integ]s4 ,a*iev$ _m triumphs ) special metres1 especially by ! %ort5+ ( ! la/ l9e ( ! ,pra$-/anza into ! =m ( ,dolores1 :i* greatly raises its passion & p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,t5nyson1 ,,alfr$ 7#ahji-ahib74--;,a poet :o v ne>ly1 if n q1 des]ves ! position accord$ "h to ,*auc]1 ,sp5s]1 ,%akespe>e1 & ,milton4 ,com+ suffici5tly late aft] ! great ,romantic poets ( ! e>li] s*ool to g5]alise _! results1 he />t$ ) an app>5t fre$om 7p]fectly ord]ly1 9 fact7 :i* puzzl$ ev5 ,col]idge4 ,v soon1 too1 he produc$ a practically new =m ( blank v]se1 9 :i* ! qualities ( ! ,miltonic & ,%akespe>ian k9ds 7 bl5d$1 & a fre% metrical t\* giv54 ,all poets s9ce--sometimes :ile d5y+ or belittl+ him--h felt 8 prosodic influ5ce2 & x is /ill1 ev5 aft] ,mr4 ,sw9burne's fifty ye>s ( ext5d$ practice ( x1 ! patt]n ( mod]n ,engli% prosody4 ,,?omson1 ,,james 7#agjj-agdh74--,! fir/ really important practition] ( blank v]se aft] ,milton1 & a real1 ?\gh r mann]is$1 ma/] ( x4 ,display$ an equally real1 & m surpris+1 ?\gh mu* m unequal1 comm& ( ! ,sp5s]ian 9 ,! ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce4 ,,tuss]1 ,,?omas 7#aebd8-aehj74--;,a v m9or poet--9 fact1 little m ?an a dogg]eli/2 b important because1 at ! v "t :5 m5 l ,gascoigne 7 d\bt+ :e!r ,engli% _h any foot b ! iambic1 he produc$ lollop+ b p]fectly metrical cont9u\s anap/s1 & mix$ measures ( v>i\s k9ds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wall]1 ,,edmund 7#afjf-afhg74--;,a good mix$ prosodi/ ( ! ,c>ol9e p]iod1 ^: *ief traditional importance is 9 connection ) ! popul>is+ ( ! /opp$ c\plet4 ,8 actual prec$5ce 9 ?is is r d\btful2 b 8 influ5ce 0 e>ly ackn[l$g$1 & !re=e is an indisputable fact4 ,he 0 also e>ly z a lit]>y us] ( anap/ic measures1 & tri$ v>i\s exp]im5ts4 ,,watts1 ,,isaac 7#afgd-agda74--;,by no means unnotewor?y z a prosodi/4 ,foll[$ ,milton 9 blank v]se1 e>ly popul>is$ triple-"t measures by 8 religi\s pieces1 evid5tly felt ! monotony ( ! c\plet1 & ev5 attempt$ ,engli% ,sapphics4 ,,:itman1 ,,walt,,er 7#ahai-ahib74--;,an ,am]ican poet :o has pu%$ f>!r ?an any "o be=e him1 & ) m success ?an any "o aft] him1 ! sub/itution1 = regul> metre1 ( irregul> rhy?m$ prose1 arrang$ 9 v]sicles some?+ l ^? ( ! ,engli% ,bible1 b ) a mu* wid] range ( l5g? & rhy?m1 ! latt] go+ f %e] prose cad5ce into def9ite v]se4 ,,wordswor?1 ,,william 7#aggj-ahej74--,less important z a prosodi/ ?an z a poet2 b prosodically rem>kable bo? = 8 blank v]se1 = 8 sonnets1 & = ! ,p9d>ic ( 8 greate/ ,ode4 ,,wyatt1 ,,sir ,,?omas 7#aejc8-aedb74--,our fir/ ,engli% sonnete] & our fir/ re=m]1 into regul> lit]>y v]se1 ( lyric aft] ! fifte5?-c5tury disord]4 ,an exp]im5t] ) t]za1 & 9 o!r ways prosodically em95t4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,orig9s ,,( ,,l9es ,,& ,,/anzas 7,x has seem$ desirable to give "s acc\nt 7to an ext5t :i* w\ld 9 mo/ cases be disproportionate = ! ,gloss>y7 ( ! asc]ta9$1 probable1 or suppos$ orig9 ( ! pr9cipal l9es & l9e-comb9ations 9 ,engli% poetry4 ,! arrangem5t is logical r ?an alphabetical4 ,slight repetition1 on "s po9ts1 ( matt] previ\sly giv5 is unavoidable47 ,a4 ,,l9es ,i4 ,,allit]ative4--,en\gh has probably be5 said above ( ! old allit]ative l9e & its g5]ic "*2 :ile ! lat] v>iations1 :i* came ^u x aft] its revival1 h also be5 notic$ & exemplifi$4 ,its orig9 is q unkn[n2 b ! pres5ce ( closely alli$ =ms1 9 ! diff]5t ,sc&9avian & ,teutonic languages1 assures1 beyond d\bt1 a natural rise f "s spee*-rhy?m or tune-rhy?m prop] to ! race & tongue4 ,x is also probable t ! rem>kable diff]5ce ( l5g?s--%ort1 normal1 & ext5d$--:i* is obs]vable 9 ,o4,e4 poetry is ( ! highe/ antiquity4 ,x has at any rate p]sev]$ to ! pres5t day 9 ! metrical successors ( ?is l9e2 & !re is probably no o!r poetry :i* has--at a majority ( its p]iods1 if n ?r\gh\t--indulg$ 9 su* v>iety ( l9e-l5g? z ,engli%4 ,nor1 p]haps1 is !re any :i* conta9s1 ev5 9 its olde/ & r\ghe/ =ms1 a metrical or quasi-metrical arrangem5t m close to ! naturally increas$1 b n d5aturalis$1 emphasis ( impassion$ utt]ance1 m ?or\ghly born f ! primeval oak & rock4 ,,ii4 ,,%ort ,,l9es4--,despite ! t5d5cy to v>iation ( l9es above not$1 ,a4,s4 poetry did n fav\r v %ort ones2 & its fai?ful disciple & *ampion1 ,gue/1 accord+ly condemns !m 9 mod]n ,engli% poetry4 ,?is is q wrong4 ,9 ! bobs & o!r examples 9 ,middle ,engli% we f9d ! l9e %ort5$ almo/1 if n actually1 to ! monosyllable1 & ?is lib]ty has p]si/$ ?r\gh all ! be/ p]iods ( ,engli% v]se s9ce1 ?\gh frequ5tly fr[n$ ^u by p$antry4 ,its orig9 is1 beyond all reasonable d\bt1 to be trac$ to ,fr5* & ,prov5al influ5ce1 especially to t ( ! %ort refra92 b x is s cong5ial to ! g5]al t5d5cy not$ above t v little sugge/ion mu/ h be5 ne$$4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be said t v %ort l9es1 9 comb9ation ) long ones1 almo/ necessitate rhyme to punctuate & illum9e ! divisions ( symphonic effect2 &1 consequ5tly1 x 0 n till rhyme came 9 t !y c\ld be safely & successfully us$4 ,b :5 ?is 0 ma/]$ !re 0 no fur!r difficulty4 ,9 all ! be/ p]iods ( ,engli% lyric writ+--9 t ( ,alison & its fell[s1 9 ! c>ols ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 late ,elizabe?an & ,c>ol9e lyric1 & 9 n9ete5?-c5tury poetry--! admixture ( v %ort l9es has be5 a ma9 secret ( lyrical success2 & 9 mo/ cases x has probably be5 h>dly at all a matt] ( delib]ate imitation1 b due to an in/9ctive s5se ( ! beauty & conv5i5ce ( ! adju/m5t4 ,,iii4 ,,octosyllable4--,! hi/orical orig9 ( ! octosyllabic 7or1 z ! acc5tual p call x1 ! f\r-beat or f\r-/ress l9e7 is "o ( ! mo/ typical 9 ! :ole range ( prosody1 ?\gh ! lesson ( ! type may be diff]5tly int]pret$4 ,tak+ x altoge!r1 !re is p]haps no metre 9 :i* s l>ge a body ( mod]n1 includ+ m$ival1 poetry has be5 compos$4 ,b1 al?\gh x is simply dimet] iambic1 acatalectic or catalectic z ! case may be1 x is q va9 to try to discov] frequ5t & cont9u\s patt]ns ( orig9 = x 9 /rictly classical prosody4#afb ,odd l9es1 r>ely exact1 9 *oric odes prove no?+1 & ! really tempt+ ( ,p9d> is an uncomplet$ fragm5t :i* might h gone (f into any v>ieties ( ,p9d>ic4 ,!re are a few fragm5ts ( ,alcman-- ' 1 & ( ! g5u9e ,anacreon-- ' 1 9 ! metre1 :ile ! spuri\s v]se ( ! ,anacreontea1 a catalectic =m ) trisyllabic equival5ce1 seems to h be5 actually practis$ by ! real poet4 ,alt]nately us$1 x is1 ( c\rse1 frequ5t 9 ! epodes ( ,horace1 9 ,m>tial1 etc4 ,b ! fact rema9s t1 z has be5 said1 x is n a classical metre to any b a v small ext5t1 ?\gh ^? :o atta* no value to any?+ b ! beats may f9d x 9 bulk 9 ! anap/ic dimet] ( ,greek & ,lat9 *oruses4 ,x is 9 ! ,lat9 hymns--t is to say1 9 ,lat9 aft] x _h und]gone a di/9ct =eign admixture--t ! metre fir/ appe>s firmly & di/9ctly e/abli%$4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury1 ,/4 ,ambrose )\t rhyme1 & ,hil>y ) x1 employ ! iambic dimet]1 & x soon becomes almo/ ! /aple1 ?\gh ,prud5tius1 contempor>y ) bo? ( !m & m ( a regul> poet1 :ile he does use x1 seems to pref] o!r metres4 ,by ! "t1 h[ev]1 :5 ! mod]n prosodies began to take =m1 x 0 ?or\ghly well settl$2 & e ,*ri/ian nation 9 ,europe knew examples ( x by he>t4 ,x /ill1 h[ev]1 rema9s a problem exactly :y ?is p>ticul> metre %\ld1 z a matt] ( direct lit]>y imitation1 h comm5d$ itself s widely to ! nor!rn nations4 ,!y _h ne>ly or q z _m examples 9 ! same class ( ! tro*aic dimet] ,gaude1 plaude1 ,magdal5a & !y paid no att5tion to ?is1 ?\gh _! s\!rn neighb\rs did4 ,!y _h1 f ! "t ( ,pope ,damasus#afc d[nw>ds1 & 9 almo/ all ! hymn-writ]s1 mix$ dactylic metres to *oose f2 b = a /aple !y w5t to ?is4 ,x seems impossible t !re %\ld n h be5 "s additional & natural reasons = ! adoption--reasons :i*1 if !y _h n actually br\ght x ab\t )\t any lit]>y patt]ns at all1 direct$ poets to ^? patt]ns irresi/ibly4 ,nor1 z x seems to ! pres5t writ]1 is x at all difficult to discov]1 z f> at lea/ z ,engli% is conc]n$1 :at ^! reasons 74 ,! discov]y might be made out ( "o's own head2 b "h z else:]e ,layamon is a mo/ important assi/ant & safegu>d4 ,a m]e glance at any edition ( allit]ative v]se1 pr9t$ 9 half l9es1 w %[ t x has a r\gh resemblance on ! page to octosyllabics1 ?\gh ! outl9e is m irregul>4 ,a mod]ately c>eful /udy ( ,layamon %[s1 z has be5 indicat$1 t1 9 writ+ ?is v]se ) new influ5ces at "w ^u him1 he sub/itutes octosyllabic c\plet = x con/antly4 ,& ! hi/ory 9 ! same way %[s t ?is occasional sub/itution became a habitual "o ) o!rs4 ,n t !re is any my/ical virtue 9 f\r feet1 despite _! frequ5cy 9 ! actual creation3 b t1 z an equival5t ( ! old half l9e1 ! *oice lies practically betwe5 ?ree & f\r4 ,n[ a ?ree-foot l9e1 ?\gh actually tri$ z 9 ! ,be/i>y & 9 p>ts ( ,horn1 is1 z a g5]al norm1 too %ort1 is ineffective & j+ly1 br+s ! rhyme too quick1 & hamp]s ! exhibition ( ! s5se by a too /accato & piecemeal pres5tm5t4 ,! abundant adoption ( ! octosyllable 9 ,fr5* no d\bt assi/$ ! spread 9 ,engli%4 ,b x is n unimportant to obs]ve t ,engli% translators & adapt]s ( ,fr5* octosyllabic poems by no means always pres]ve ! metre1 & t ,engli% octosyllables (t5 repres5t ,fr5* poems :i* are diff]5tly metr$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,,iv4 ,,decasyllable4--,a connect$ lit]>y orig9 = ?is great l9e--! anci5t /aple ( ,fr5* poetry1 ! mod]n /aple ( ,engli%1 & 79 /ill great] mod]nity7 ( ,g]man to "s ext5t1 z well z 7) ! ext5sion ( "o syllable necessitat$ by ! prevail+ rhy?m ( ! language7 ( ,italian ?r\gh\t its hi/ory--has always be5 f\nd extraord9>ily difficult to assign4 ,t "s h ev5 be5 driv5 to ! l9e :i* furni%es ! op5+ c\plet ( ! ,alcaic ,quam si cli5tum longa negotia1 or ,vides ut alta /et nive c&idum1 an inv>iably h5decasyllabic l9e ( ! mo/ opposite rhy?m1 con/itution1 & division1 w %[ ! /raits :i* mu/ h oppress$ !m4 ,! fact is t !re is no?+1 ei!r 9 ,greek or ,lat9 prosody1 9 ! lea/ resembl+ x or sugge/ive ( x4 ,to connect x ) ^! prosodies at all reasonably1 x w\ld be necess>y to cont5t ourselves ) ! supposition1 n illogical or impossible1 b n v explanatory1 t somebody f\nd ! iambic dimet] too %ort1 & ! iambic trimet] too long1 & split ! diff]5ce4 ,9 ano!r way1 & ab&on+ ! attempt to f9d p>5ts or sponsors 9 antiquity = ?is rem>kable f\ndl+1 a n :olly dissimil> conjecture becomes really illum9ative--t ! l9e ( t5 syllables 7or elev5 ) weak end+7 prov$ itself ! mo/ useful 9 ! mod]n languages4 ,z a matt] ( fact x appe>s 9 ! v e>lie/ ,fr5* poem we possess--! t5?- or p]haps ev5 n9?-c5tury ,hymn ( ,/4 ,eulalia3 ,bel auret corps1 bellez\r anima1 & 9 ! 7at y\nge/7 t5?-c5tury ,prov5al ,boe?ius3 ,no cr$et ,deu lo no/re creator4 ,if x /ill seem pusillanim\s to be cont5t ) su* an explanation1 "o c %>e "o's pusillanimity ) ,dante1 :o cont5ts himself ) say+ t ! l9e ( elev5 syllables seems ! /atelie/ & mo/ excell5t1 z well by reason ( ! l5g? ( "t x occupies z ( ! ext5t ( subject1 con/ruction & language ( :i* x is capable4 ,& 9 ,engli%1 ) :i* we are specially1 if n inde$ :olly1 conc]n$1 hi/ory br+s u ! re9=cem5t ( %[+ t ! decasyllable lit]ally =c$ itself1 9 practice1 ^u ! ,engli% poet4 ,?is all-important fact has be5 con/antly obscur$ by ! habit ( say+ t ,*auc] inv5t$ ! h]oic c\plet 9 ,engli%--t he1 at any rate1 borr[$ x fir/ f ! ,fr5*4 ,:e!r he did s z a p]sonal fact we _c say1 = he is n "h to tell u4 ,t he ne$ n h done s !re is ample & irrefragable evid5ce4 ,9 ! process ( provid+ sub/itutes = ! old unmetrical l9e1 x is n only obvi\s t ! decasyllable--:i*1 f a p]iod c]ta9ly ant]ior to ! rise ( ,middle ,engli%1 _h be5 ! /aple metre1 9 long assonanc$ tirades or bat*es1 ( ! ,fr5* ,*ansons de ge/e--mu/ h sugge/$ itself4 ,x is /ill m c]ta9 t x did4 ,x is f\nd 9 an unpoli%$ & haphaz>d condition1 b unmi/akable1 9 ! ,orison ( our ,lady 7e>ly ?irte5? c5tury72 x occurs 9 ,g5esis & ,exodus1 v>y+ ! octosyllable itself1 9 ! middle ( t age2 x is scatt]$ ab\t ! ,romances1 9 ! same company1 at :at mu/ h be5 e>ly f\rte5? c5tury at late/2 x occurs con/antly 9 ,hampole's ,prick ( ,consci5ce at ! middle ( ?is c5tury2 & !re are solid blocks ( x 9 ! ,v]non ,,ms41 :i* 0 writt5 7i4e4 copi$ f e>li] "w71 at late/1 be=e ,*auc] is likely to h />t$ ! ,leg5d ( ,good ,wom5 or ! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,t 8 practice settl$ & e/abli%$ x--?\gh = long ! octosyllable /ill outbid x 9 c\plet1 & x 0 writt5 *iefly 9 ! /anza =m ( rhyme-royal--is true4 ,b by degrees ! qualities :i* ,dante _h alleg$ made x prevail1 & prep>$ x z ! l9e-l5g? = blank v]se z well z = ! h]oic c\plet1 & = ! bulk ( n>rative /anza-writ+4 ,no d\bt ,*auc] 0 assi/$ by ! practice ( ,ma*ault & o!r ,fr5* poets4 ,b !re %\ld be /ill less d\bt t1 )\t t practice1 he might1 & probably w\ld1 h tak5 x up4 ,= ! fir/ real ma/] ( v]sification--:e!r he 7 ,*auc]1 or 79 unhappy default ( him7 somebody else1 :o mu/ h turn$ up soon] or lat]--c\ld n b h se51 = 8 own language1 :at ,dante saw = 84 ,v4 ,,alex&r9e4--,! ,alex&r9e or v]se ( twelve syllables1 iambically divid$1 does n resemble its relation1 ! octosyllable1 9 hav+ a d\btful classical ance/ry2 or its o!r relation1 ! decasyllable1 9 hav+ none4 ,x is1 f a c]ta9 po9t ( view1 ! exact repres5tative ( ! great iambic trimet] :i* 0 ! /aple metre ( ,greek trag$y1 & 0 l>gely us$ 9 ,greek & ,roman v]se4 ,! id5tity ( ! two 0 recognis$ 9 ,engli% z e>ly z ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates1 & inde$ c\ld escape no "o :o _h ! k & us$ x 9 ! mo/ obvi\s way4 ,at ! same "t x is necess>y frankly to say t ?is resemblance--at lea/1 z giv+ ! key to orig9--is1 9 all probability1 :olly delusive4 ,!re are twelve syllables 9 ea* l9e1 & !re are iambics 9 bo?4 ,b to any "o :o has acquir$--z x is ! purpose ( ?is book to help its read]s to acquire or develop--a prosodic s5se1 l ! mu*-talk$-( hi/oric s5se1 x w seem to be a matt] ( no small weight1 t :ile ! csura 7c5tral pause7 ( ! anci5t trimet] is p5!mim]al 7at ! fif? syllable71 or hep!mim]al 7at ! sev5?71 t ( ! mod]n ,alex&r9e is1 save by r>e1 & n (t5 ju/ifi$1 lic5se1 inv>iably at ! six? or middle--a ?+ :i* actually alt]s ! :ole rhy?mical con/itution & effect ( ! l9e4#afd ,nor1 is ! "n to be neglect$4 ,despite ! /r5u\s ef=t ( mod]n times to upset traditional notions1 x rema9s a n s]i\sly disput$ fact t ! "n ,alex&r9e comes f ! ,fr5* ,roman d',alex&re1 n e>li] ?an ! late twelf? c5tury1 & itself foll[+ ^u at lea/ "o decasyllabic ,alex&reid4 ,! metre1 h[ev]1 suit$ ,fr5*1 &1 z x _h done on ?is p>ticul> subject1 ou/$ ! decasyllable 9 ! ,*ansons de ge/e g5]ally2 :ile1 ) "s int]vals & revolts1 x has rema9$ ! dress-clo!s ( ,fr5* poetry ev] s9ce1 & ev5 impos$ itself z su* ^u ,g]man = a consid]able "t4 ,9 ,engli%1 h[ev]1 ?\gh1 by accid5t & 9 special & p>tial use1 x has occupi$ a rem>kable place1 x has nev] be5 any?+ l a /aple4 ,"o ( ! mo/ s+ul> /atem5ts 9 ,gue/'s ,engli% ,rhy?ms is t ! v]se ( six acc5ts 7z he calls x7 0 =m]ly ! "o mo/ commonly us$ 9 our language4 ,! pres5t writ] is entirely unable to id5tify ?is =m]ly3 & ! examples :i* ,gue/ produces1 ( s+le & occasional occurr5ce 9 ,o4,e4 & e>ly ,m4,e41 seem to him = ! mo/ "p to h no?+ to d ) ! =m4 ,b x 0 inevitable t on ! "o h& ! l>ge use ( ! metre 9 ,fr5*1 & on ! o!r its ne>ness z a metrical adju/m5t to ! old long l9e or /ave1 %\ld make x appe> sometimes4 ,! six-syllable l9es ( ! ,be/i>y & ,horn are attempts to reproduce x 9 halves1 & ,rob]t ( ,brunne reproduces x z a :ole4#afe ,x appe>s n seldom 9 ! great metrical miscellany ( ! ,v]non ,,ms41 & _m ( ,langl&'s acc5tual-allit]ative l9es r$uce !mselves to1 or close to x2 :ile x v (t5 makes a fugitive & unkempt appe>ance 9 fifte5?-c5tury dogg]el4 ,n a few ( ! poems ( ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates are compos$ 9 x1 & z an alt]native to ! f\rte5] 7?is 0 possibly :at ,gue/ 0 ?9k+ (7 x figures 9 ! p\lt]'s measure ( ! e>ly & middle sixte5? c5tury4 ,sidney us$ x = ! sonnet4 ,b x 0 n till ,drayton's ,polyolbion t x obta9$ ! position ( cont9u\s metre = a long poem3 & ?is has nev] be5 repeat$ s9ce1 except 9 ,br[n+'s ,fif9e at ! ,fair4 ,s1 ! mo/ important appe>ances by f> ( ! ,alex&r9e 9 ,engli% are n cont9u\s2 b z employ$ to v>y & complete o!r l9es4 ,!re are two ( ^! 9 especial3 ! fir/ among ! greate/ metrical devices 9 ,engli%1 ! o!r 7?\gh v>i\sly judg$ & n v widely employ$7 a great improvem5t4 ,! fir/ is ! addition1 to an eight-l9e arrangem5t 9 decasyllables1 ( a n9? 9 ,alex&r9e :i* con/itutes ! ,sp5s]ian /anza & w be spok5 ( bel[4 ,! o!r is ! employm5t ( ! ,alex&r9e z a v>iation ( decasyllable 9 c\plet1 9 triplet & s+ly1 :i* is1 accord+ to "s1 includ+ ! pres5t writ]1 visible 9 ! rid+-rhyme ( ,*auc]2 :i* is (t5 pres5t 9 ! blank v]se ( ,%akespe>e2 n abs5t f t ( ,milton 9 8 e>li] attempts2 employ$ 9 decasyllabic c\plet by ,c[ley1 & 7) f> great] success7 by ,dryd52 gradually ab&on$ & unfav\rably spok5 ( by ,pope2 b reviv$ ) magnific5t effect by ,keats 9 ,lamia4 ,,vi4 ,,f\rte5]4--,on ?is1 z inde$ on mo/ ( ^! heads1 x w be well to comp>e ! cont9u\s survey ( scann$ examples & ! rem>ks !re4 ,?is l9e 7or its practical equival5t "u ! f9al e sy/em1 ! fifte5]7 is probably ! olde/ attempt to get a s+le metrical equival5t = ! old divid$ /ave4 ,its own equival5ts exi/1 ( c\rse1 bo? 9 ,greek & ,lat91 b x is r d\btful :e!r ^! _h mu* or any?+ to d ) its g5esis4 ,a m probable s\rce1 if any s\rce ( ! k9d is want$1 has be5 sugge/$ 9 ! peculi> ,lat9 ?irte5] s popul> 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & be/ kn[n by ! l9es attribut$ to ,mapes-- ,meum e/ propositum 9 tab]na mori4 ,) a cat* syllable at ea* half#aff y get ! full acc5tual iambic fifte5]1 & ! f\rte5] foll[s4 ,p]haps1 ?\gh x is difficult to recognise ! f\rte5]-rhy?m attribut$ by ,gue/ & o!rs to ,cdmon & lat] ,a4,s4 writ]s1 x is n necess>y to look = any =eign s\rces z o!r ?an auxili>y to ! developm5t ( ! metre 9 ,engli%4 ,s soon z a def9ite iambic m\ld1 ) or )\t tro*aic & anap/ic sub/itution1 began to be impress$ on ! language1 ! am\nt ( /uff usual 9 a full l9e w\ld naturally fall into f\rte5] %ape4 ,x did s1 we "k1 z e>ly z ! ,moral ,ode at lea/2 & b>ely a c5tury lat]1 x %[$ its popul>ity by ! abundant use ( ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] & ! ,sa9ts' ,lives writ]s4 ,nor1 al?\gh ! inevitable & =tunate break-up into ballad eight-&-six encroa*$ on its rights to a l>ge ext5t1 & ! allit]ative revival /ill m1 did x lose its attraction1 z ,gamelyn & o!r ?+s %[1 till x got half dr[n$ 9 ! dogg]el welt] ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,f ?is ! e>li] ,elizabe?ans fi%$ x out1 clean$ & m5d$ x = practice bo? indep5d5tly & z "p ( ! p\lt]'s measure1 :ile ! f9e/ example exi/+ 0 giv5 by ,*apman's ,iliad 9 ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury4 ,m rec5tly1 except 9 ! ,sigurd v>iety1 x has be5 seldom us$ = long poems1 b has s]v$ z ! vehicle ( _m ( ! f9e/ %ort pieces 9 ! poetry ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,,vii4 ,,dogg]el4--,9 ! s5se 7see ,gloss>y7 9 :i* ?is ambigu\s ^w applies to l9e1 x is v important to acquire "s notion ( its mean+1 b r difficult to put t notion except v hypo!tically4 ,x is1 9 ?is use1 conv5i5tly appli$ to an enorm\s mass ( v]se--sometimes h>dly des]v+ t "n1 b pr9cipally produc$ 9 ! fifte5? & e>ly sixte5? c5turies--:i* refuses1 except occasionally1 to adju/ itself to any /&>d1 ev5 lib]ally equival5c$1 ( iambic octosyllable1 decasyllable1 ,alex&r9e1 & f\rte5]1 or ( ! tro*aic & anap/ic metres correspond+ to "s ( ^!1 ?\gh x comes ne>e/ to ! anap/ic division4 ,! pure acc5tuali/ may dismiss x z l9es ( s _m irregul> beats1 & tr\ble himself no f>!r4 ,b t1 on ! pr9ciples ( ?is book1 w n d4 ,an exce$+ly int]e/+ p>allel betwe5 x 7z well z "o ( its regul>is$ =ms1 ! anap/ic dimet]7 & ! ,spani% long l9e1 or ,arte ,mayor1 has be5 drawn by ,pr(essor ,k]4 7,see ,bibliography47 ,b1 )\t ei!r tak+ or oppos+ 8 view1 !re is no d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is m>e magnum ( imp]fect v]sification4 ,x seems to h be5 f$ by v>i\s /reams4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z we see f ! ,gamelyn metre1 & f "s nurs]y songs 7:i*1 ?\gh !y _c be old] ?an =m$ ,middle ,engli%1 may be ne>ly z old71 l ,! ,que5 0 9 ! ,p>l\r1 ! f\rte5] _h a t5d5cy to break itself into r\ghly balanc$ halves ( sometimes diff]5t rhy?m4 ,! ,alex&r9e1 nev] q at home 9 ,engli%1 w\ld naturally bulge & /raddle 9 ! same way4 ,on ! regul> & cont9u\s anap/ic sw+ nobody _h yet hit = long1 ?\gh x probably arose 9 "p f ?is v *aos4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ abundant s\rce ( all 0 ! attempt to write ,*auc]ian decasyllables ) a con/antly alt]+ pronunciation1 & ! break-d[n 9 x4 ,examples ( v>i\s =ms ( dogg]el1 ) _! correspond+ metres1 are giv5 bel[4#afg ,,viii4 ,,long ,,l9es4--,beyond ! f\rte5] or fifte5] ,engli% v]se has1 until q mod]n times1 r>ely gone4 ,!re are sixte5]s to be f\nd 9 f\rte5?-c5tury v]se1 9 ! disord]ly welt] ( ! fifte5?1 & 7no d\bt delib]ately us$7 9 ! exp]im5ts ( ! ,mirror = ,magi/rates2 b nei!r !y1 nor any long] /ill1 comm5d$ !mselves mu* to any ,engli% poet be=e ,mr4 ,sw9burne4 ,8 exp]im5ts are fam\s1 & "s examples ( !m are giv5 else:]e4 ,_! _s & sweep has made n a few read]s look on !m ) fav\r2 b x may be que/ion$ :e!r any l9es beyond sev5 feet--& :e!r ev5 six- & sev5-foot l9es :5 trisyllabic feet are all[$--d n t5d to break !mselves up 9 ,engli%4 ,9 ,mr4 ,sw9burne's own case c]ta9ly1 & p]haps 9 "s o!rs1 ! sev5-foot anap/ic l9e ( ,ari/ophanes gave ! sugge/ion1 :ile ! abundant practice 9 s-call$ ,engli% hexamet]s may also h _h n a little to d ) x4 ,b4 ,,/anzas1 ,,etc4 ,i4 ,,ballad ,,v]se4--,a good deal has be5 said incid5tally ab\t ?is at sev]al po9ts 9 ! prec$+ text2 b summ>y1 & a little repetition1 w n be out ( place "h4 ,!re has be5 an idea ) "s t x is a %ort5$ =m ( ! ,romance-six 7see next article7 or rime c\e2 b ?is does n seem to ! pres5t writ] ne>ly s probable z ! supposition ( a break-up ( ! c]ta9ly e>li] f\rte5] c\plet1 :i* gives x at once4#afh ,x is1 h[ev]1 n improbable t ! cry/allis+ ( ?is 0 assi/$ by ! hesitation1 also notic$ 9 text1 betwe5 octosyllabic & hexasyllabic c\plet4 ,! indecision & vacillation1 noticeable 9 su* a piece z ,horn1 betwe5 ! f\r- & ?ree-foot l9e1 w\ld easily settle to alt]nation m or less regul>1 & !n1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! brok5 f\rte5]1 into q regul> use4 ,we d n1 h[ev]1 f9d decid$ examples mu* be=e ,judas & ! ,gospel ( ,nicodemus 9 ! late ?irte5? c5tury2 x is n common 9 ! e>ly my/]ies1 ?\gh !re are approa*es to x2 & x seems fir/ to h secur$ ! popul> e> 9 ! mu*-discuss$ compositions :i* give x its "n1 & :i*1 9 ,engli%1 are v d\btfully to be trac$ be=e ! late f\rte5? c5tury4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 e/at$ x once = all2 ?\gh = a long "t x 0 treat$ ) ! usual m$ival fre$om--wisely re/or$ by ,col]idge 9 ! ,anci5t ,m>9]--& ! exact numb] ( f\r l9es1 #h1 #f1 #h1 #f1 0 n adh]$ to4 ,! fur!r fix$ v>iations1 famili> f ,psalm- & ,hymn-books1 ( ,l4,m4 7long measure7 or octosyllabic quatra92 ,c4,m4 7common measure71 ! actual #h & #f2 & ,s4,m4 7%ort measure7 #f1 #f1 #h1 #f1 date only f ,elizabe?an times1 ! la/ be+ a break+-up ( ! !n fav\rite p\lt]'s measure or alt]nate ,alex&r9e & f\rte5]4 ,,ii4 ,,romance-,,six or ,,rime ,,c\,e4--,z 9 ! case ( ! ballad-f\r1 mu* has be5 said ab\t ?is e>li]4 ,9 consid]+ its orig9 x is p>ticul>ly desirable to di/+ui% betwe5 ! possible s\rce ( ! pr9ciple & ! probable d]ivation ( ! actual =m4 ,! t]m c\e 7caudatus71 :i*1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 does n apply v obvi\sly or appropriately to our actual romance-/anza1 appe>s to ref] orig9ally to ! peculi> j+ly infusion ( rhyme into ,lat9 hexamet]s :i* has be5 trac$ back at lea/ to ! twelf? c5tury1 & ! mo/ fam\s example ( :i* is ! orig9al ( ,j]usalem ! ,gold51 ! ,de ,contemptu ,mundi ( ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix-- ,hora novissima1 tempora pessima sunt1 vigilemus-- ,ecce m9acit] imm9et arbit] ille supremus1 :]e ! rhyme 9 ! tail appe>s cle>ly en\gh4 ,x is also n inappropriate to ! =m 9 :i* ,rob]t ( ,brunne writes 8 v]se ( ! k9d1 z 9 ,gue/'s example3 ,:5 ye h ! prize ( y\r enemies1 none %all ye save3 ,smite ) sword 9 h&2 all ,nor?umb]l& ) "r %all ye h4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 he also bat*es ! two fir/ divisions3 ,= ,edw>d's good de$ a wick$ b\nt4 ,! ,balliol did him me$ ,b x came g5]ally to be writt5 9 %ort l9es /raight on aft] ! =m n[ famili>4 ,h[ or :y x became s fav\rite a measure = romance is n1 ,i believe1 kn[n4 ,direct ,fr5* influ5ce c\ld c]ta9ly h _h little to d "h2 = ?\gh ! six-l9e measure appe>s 9 ,m>ot 7e>ly sixte5? c5tury71 x is n common e>li]1 & ,i am n ev5 aw>e ( any p]fect example#afi ( x1 9 ! abundant v>iety ( ,fr5* & ,prov5al lyric dur+ ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies2 :ile x is q unkn[n to ! long] ,fr5* romances4 ,b x is ne>ly z easy to rememb]--or to extemporise 9 default ( memory--z ! c\plet itself4 ,& x looks z if x 7 less monoton\s2 ?\gh--z ^? :o drew d[n on x ! la% ( ,sir ,?opas1 & ,sir ,?opas itself1 %[--no?+ c be m monoton\s 9 actuality4 ,its ext5sions & v>iations1 & its migration f long n>rative to %ort lyrical use1 h be5 notic$ already4 ,^! may h be5 to "s ext5t influ5c$ by ! great popul>ity ( ,m>ot's ,psalms1 ?\gh ! metre _h long be5 naturalis$4 ,,iii4 ,,octosyllabic & ,,decasyllabic ,,c\plet4--,( ! two great c\plet metres 9 ,engli%1 ! octosyllabic requires little notice1 because x is almo/ indissolubly connect$ ) ! octosyllabic l9e4 ,z soon z rhyme appe>s1 ! old iambic dimet]1 f\r-acc5t l9e1 or :atev] y l to call x1 mu/ fall into ?is %ape1 & does4 ,!re rema9s inde$ ! problem :y we h no p]iod1 9 ,fr5*1 ( octosyllabic tirade or bat*-writ+ z we h 7see imm$iately bel[7 ( decasyllabic4#agj ,b x is c]ta9 t ! octosyllabic c\plet e/abli%$ itself v e>ly 9 ,fr5*1 & t at ! important nick ( "t1 :5 ,engli% prosody 0 be+ =m$ late 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ?is c\plet came to ,layamon & o!rs z a great influ5ce 9 det]m9+ ! %ape :i* alt]ation ( ! old long l9e or halv$ /ave %\ld take 9 _! h&s4 ,decasyllabic c\plet1 on ! o!r h&1 has a mu* m t>dy & unc]ta9 hi/ory2 ?\gh1 aga91 mu* t has to be said ab\t x has be5 said 9 ref]5ce to ! s+le l9e4 ,z soon z t l9e makes its appe>ance1 9 ! ,sa9t ,eulalia hymn1 x does inde$ make its appe>ance 9 c\plet1 rhym$ or assonanc$4#aga ,b ! attraction ( ! long] bat*es 9 id5tical rhyme or assonance seems1 h[ev] surpris+ly1#agb to get ! bett]2 & ?is is ! =m t x takes 9 ! ,prov5al ,boe?ius & ! ,fr5* ,sa9t ,alexis4 ,9 fact1 z has be5 h9t$ above1 our own scatt]$ decasyllabic c\plet r prec$es ! ,fr5*1 ?\gh ,guillaume de ,ma*ault has ! cr$it1 rightly or wrongly1 ( tea*+ x to ,*auc]4 ,aft] ,*auc]1 at any rate1 !re ne$$ nobody to tea* x to ,engli%m52 al?\gh x und]w5t v>i\s vicissitudes1 :i* are duly trac$ else:]e4 ,,iv4 ,,quatra94--,at a v e>ly p]iod1 inde$ z soon z !y appe>1 ,lat9 acc5tual rhy?ms h a t5d5cy to bat* !mselves 9 f\r2 z _h1 e>li] /ill1 ,greek & ,lat9 /anzas1 ,sapphic1 ,alcaic1 & :at n4 ,! developm5t ( alt]nate rhyme 9 ! octosyllabic quatra9 or 7v4 sup47 ballad metre 0 c]ta9 to lead to a simil> arrangem5t ( decasyllables2 & :5 rhyme-royal became popul> ! fir/ f\r l9es 7 s arrang$1 & might easily be brok5 (f = sep>ate use1 z !re is little d\bt t ! f9al c\plet 04 ,f\rs ( v>i\s arrangem5t are also abundant 9 lyric & 9 drama f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,b ! greate/ impulse 0 probably giv5 to ! alt]nate decasyllabic =m by its adoption = ! bulk ( ! ,engli% sonnet2 & f ?is to sep>ate use1 :i* became common 9 ! lat] ,elizabe?an poetry1 !re is b a v %ort /ep4 ,! metre has always be5 a popul> "o s9ce1 &1 9 ! h&s ( ,dryd5 & ,gray especially1 is v effective4 ,b a c]ta9 grave monotony ab\t x has con/antly invit$ modifications1 ( :i* ! greate/ & mo/ successful1 )\t alt]+ ! l9e-l5g?1 are ^? ( ,fitz,gerald 9 ,om> ,khayym#agc & ,mr4 ,sw9burne 9 ,laus ,v5]is2#agd ) alt]$ l9e-l5g?s1 ^? ( ,t5nyson 9 ,! ,poet1#age ,! ,palace ( ,art1 & ,a ,dream ( ,fair ,wom54 ,x 0 also tri$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury z :at may be call$ by anticipation long ,9 ,memoriam measure--t is to say1 ) ! rhymes arrang$ abba4 ,v4 ,,9 ,,memoriam ,,metre itself may h be5 sugge/$ q casually 9 ! endless rhyme-welt] ( m$ival exp]im5t4 ,= in/ance1 x occurs 9 l9es #c to #f ( ,*auc]'s n9e-l9e /anza#agf 9 ! ,compla9t ( ,m>s1 & ! la/ eight ( 8 t5-l9e 9 ! ,compla9t to 8 ,lady1#agg ) decasyllabic l9es1 ( c\rse4 ,x occurs also1 ) six-syllable l9es1 9 ! la/ halves ( ! octaves ( ,no4 ,,xix4 ( ! ,york ,plays4#agh ,sidney has x z a sport or *ance4 ,b ! fir/ p]son to use x regul>ly & ) octosyllables 0 ,b5 ,jonson1#agi :o 0 foll[$ by ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury & ,george ,s&ys4 ,yet x 0 n widely tak5 up1 ?\gh few measures c\ld bett] h suit$ ! metaphysical poets2 & aft] t g5]ation x rema9$ unus$ till ,t5nyson1 & by unwitt+ co9cid5ce ,rossetti1 hit ^u x j be=e ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,rossetti has also a v effective ext5sion ( x to sev5 l9es abbacca4#ahj ,,vi4 ,,rhyme-,,royal4--,h[ev] mu* d\bt !re may be ab\t ! directly imitative orig9 ( ?+s l c\plets1 or ev5 quatra9s 7:i* might1 & almo/ c]ta9ly w\ld1 sugge/ !mselves )\t patt]n71 ! case is diff]5t ) su* a ?+ z ! p]mutation ( rhyme 9 a fix$ ord] ( sev5s ababbcc4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be v likely t ,*auc] took ?is f ,guillaume de ,ma*ault1 a slightly old] ,fr5* poet 7#abhd8-acgg71 ) :om he 0 c]ta9ly acqua9t$4 ,if s1 x is unlikely t ,ma*ault inv5t$ x1 ?\gh he may h done s2 = !re is almo/ e possible cross-arrangem5t ( rhymes 9 ! enorm\s weal? ( ,fr5* & ,prov5al lyric f ! elev5? to ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,b x 0 c]ta9ly n a frequ5t metre be=e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,*auc]'s ,troilus made x ! mo/ fa%ionable metre 9 ,engli% ?r\gh\t ! fifte5? c5tury = long n>rative poems1 & x 0 spl5didly writt5 by ,sackville 9 ! mid-sixte5?1 b !reaft] succumb$ to ! octave4 ,! la/ consid]able example ( x1 9 ! l>g] ,elizabe?an p]iod1 0 ! ,leol9e & ,sydanis ( ,sir ,francis ,kyna/on1 a great admir] ( ,*auc]1 :o actually also translat$ "p ( ,troilus into ,lat9 rhyme-royal4 ,b x 0 reviv$ 9 ! wor?ie/ fa%ion by ! late ,mr4 ,william ,morris4 ,,vii4 ,,octave4--,!re are two pr9cipal eight-l9e /anzas ( decasyllables us$ 9 ,engli%4 ,! olde/ =m1 employ$ by ,*auc]1 appe>s to h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*1 z x is c]ta9ly us$ by ,des*amps1 & may h be5 by ,ma*ault4 ,"h ! rhymes are arrang$ ababbcbc4 ,by addition ( an ,alex&r9e ?is ari?metically makes ! ,sp5s]ian 7v4 inf474 ,! o!r--lat]1 b mu* m l>gely us$--is d]iv$ f ! ,italian ottava rima1 ! rhyme ord] ( :i* is abababcc4 ,?is is ! k9d employ$ by ,fairfax 7) great results1 ?\gh r 9 ! direction ( its f9al c\plet ?an z a :ole7 9 8 translation ( ,tasso 7#afjj71 & 7) a comic b5t also directly imitat$ f ,italian7 by ,fr]e 9 ,! ,monks & ! ,giants1 & 7aft] him7 by ,byron 9 ,beppo & ,don ,juan4 ,! greate/ mod]n s]i\s employm5t ( x is 9 ,%elley's ,wit* ( ,atlas4 ,,viii4 ,,sp5s]ian4--,! ,sp5s]ian /anza ( n9e l9es--eight decasyllables & an ,alex&r9e1 rhym$ ababbcbcc--is entirely ! inv5tion ( ,edmund ,sp5s]4 ,x is false to say t x 0 tak5 f ! ,italians2 = !re is no su* /anza 9 ,italian1 & ! octave-decasyllabic "p ( x is rhym$ diff]5tly f ! ,italian octave4 ,x is irrelevant to say t x is ! ,*auc]ian octave ) an ,alex&r9e add$2 = x is exactly 9 ! addition ( ! ,alex&r9e t ! :ole ess5ce & ! :ole beauty ( ! /anza consi/4 ,x is /ill m irrelevant1 ?\gh true1 to ass]t t !re _h be5 a few attempts 7z by ,m7 to add an ,alex&r9e to o!r /anzas or to l5g!n out _! la/ l9e into "o2 = x is ( ?is /anza t we are talk+1 & n ( some?+ else4 ,!re=e x is suffici5t to say once m t ! ,sp5s]ian /anza is ! inv5tion ( ,edmund ,sp5s]1 & "o ( ! greate/ inv5tions kn[n 9 prosody4 ,,ix4 ,,burns ,,metre4--,?is arrangem5t is f\nd fir/ 9 ! v]se ( ! ,prov5al pr9ce1 ,william ,,ix4 ,c\nt ( ,poiti]s 7poems ab\t #ajij74 ,pus oezem de novelh florir ,pratz e v]gi]s rev]d]ir ,rius e fontanas escl>rir ,auras e v5s ,beu deu quas des lo joy j\rir ,d\ es jauz5s4 ,he has x also 9 a sev5-l9e =m1 ) f\r in/ead ( ?ree eights to />t )2 :ile ! %ort] v>iety is repeat$ 9 ,nor!rn ,france1 z 9 ! beautiful song ( ,bele ,aeliz4 ,x appe>s 9 "o ,engli% romance1 ,octovian ,imp]ator1 & l>gely 9 ! ,miracle plays2 b lat] seems to h be5 pres]v$ only 9 ,scotl&1 :]e ,burns gave x once m _w-wide vogue4 ,x4 ,,o!r ,,/anzas4--,( ! num]\s o!r =ms ( :at "s improp]ly call irregul> v]se--:at ,k+ ,james ! ,six? 7,fir/7 %[$ himself mu* m ( a ,solomon 9 call+ brok5 & cuttit1 & add+1 quhair( new =mes are daylie inv5tit accord+ to ! ,potes ,pleas\r--x is impossible to give an exhau/ive acc\nt1 or ev5 to supply a m]e li/ ) examples ( ! =mes4#aha ,x is suffici5t to say t :5 ! new ,engli% prosody 0 9 mak+ !re 7 already ext5sive patt]ns ( su* v]se 9 ,fr5* & ,prov5al poetry2 t ^! 7 freely imitat$ & improv$ ^u4 ,9 ! pres5t writ]'s l>g] ,hi/ory ! passages deal+ ) ! cont5ts ( ,,ms4 ,h>l4 #bbec1 ) ! ,v]non ,,ms41 & ) ! ,miracle plays w be f\nd to conta9 specifications ( almo/ e =m1 & examples ( n a few4 ,?is lib]ty cont9u$ 9 ! lyrics ( ! ,elizabe?an p]iod 9 ! l>g] s5se1 be+ especially manife/$ 9 ! lat] ,elizabe?an miscellanies ( ! "t prop]1 & 9 ! ,c>ol9e poets2 b 0 discont9u$ 9 practice1 & fr[n$ ^u 9 pr9ciple1 dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 reviv$ 9 ! n9ete5? by ! great poets ( ! fir/ ,romantic p]iod to "s ext5t1 b to a mu* great] degree by "s ( _! int]m$iate successors1 l ,b$does & ,d>ley2 :ile1 f ,t5nyson & ,br[n+ onw>d1 x has be5 ! delight ( almo/ e poet wor?y ( ! "n to add to ! v>iety4 ,,footnotes3 #afb ,! longe/ passage t my memory 7assi/$ 9 ?is case by ! k9dness ( my fri5d & colleague ,pr(essor ,h>die7 supplies is 9 ,ari/ophanes1 ,eq4 #iaa-idj4 ,& x is n insignificant t ?is n only becomes 7& seems actually to be />t$ by7 a burlesque repetition-- 4 4 4 1 b c only be made out by con/antly break+ words1 z 9 - 4 #afc ,/irpe dec5s1 elegans specie1 ,s$ magis actibus atque fide1 ,t]rea prosp]a nil reputans ,jussa ,dei sibi corde ligans4 ,?is1 :i* is /ill f\r? c5tury1 is important z %[+ c\plet rhyme4 ,hil>y _h rhym$ 9 f\rs4 #afd ,x may be add$ t :ile ! anci5t trimet] is v l>gely pati5t ( sub/itution1 ! ,fr5* ,alex&r9e positively refuses any1 & ! ,engli% is1 = an ,engli% l9e1 di/9ctly intol]ant ( x4 #afe ,& some:at ( t tree1 !y bond until 8 h&s4 #aff ,z ?us3 ,et meum e/ propositum hac 9 tab]na mori4 #afg 7a7 ,f ,heywood3-- 7#a7 ,octosyllabic pr9cipally3 ,& ,i to e s\l aga9 ,did give a beck !m to reta91 ,& axd !m ?is "q ?an1 ,if t ! s\l ( su* a womn ,did late among !m !re appe>8 7,f\r ,p's47 ,b 9 close proximity su* l9es z ,b ,"l6 h[ l[ ! ,s\ls made curtesy1 & ',*ri/1 help1' quo? a s\l t lay = 8 fees1 make _! appe>ance4 7#b7 ,hawesian or ,b>clayan decasyllables /agg]+ into ,alex&r9e or anap/ic dogg]el3 ,h[ c he h pa9 by imag9ation1 ,t lacke? all k9ds ( consid]ation8 ,& 9 all s5ses is s insuffici5t ,t n\ght c he ?9k 9 ought t may be meant ,by any means to devise any self ?+1 ,nor devise 9 ?+ pa/1 pres5t1 or com+8 7,wit & ,folly47 7,= o!r passages f ,heywood see ,scann$ ,conspectus1 ,,xviii47 7b7 ,long] examples3-- 7#a7 ,) ,alex&r9e norm3 ,!re=e see t all %9e z bright z ,sa9t ,george1 ,or z do? a key newly come f ! smi?'s =ge4 7,ralph ,roi/] ,doi/]47 7#b7 ,) f\rte5] ditto3 ,d4 ,i "k n :at a devil ?\ meane/1 ?\ br+e/ me m]e 9 d\bt4 ,h4 ,kn[e/ n on :at tom-tailor's man sits broa*+ ?r\gh a cl\t8 7,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le47 ,x is curi\s h[ closely ?is unrev]5d metre sometimes comes to ! h]oic model ( ,sigurd4 7#c7 ,) decasyllabic ditto3 ,h\s$ to say t z s]vants are ob$i5t1 ,to _! bodily ma/]s be+ 9 subjection1 ,ev5 s evil m5 t are n cont5t ,are subject & slave to _! lu/ & affection1 :]e1 once m1 ! norm may be %ift$ to ! anap/4 #afh 7,sub/itution ( individual feet 9 ea* case immat]ial47 #afi ,! ne>e/ is probably ,no4 #bh 9 ,b>ts*1 ,romanz5 und ,pa/\rell51 ,volez vos que je vos *ante1 ) its fam\s v]se ab\t ! night+ale & ! m]maid4 ,b !re is a p]petual t5d5cy to cut ! eights to sev5s & ! sixes to fives1 z ?us3 ,li rosignox e/ mon p]e ,qui *ante sur la ramee ,el plus haut boscage4 ,la s]a9e ele e/ ma m]e ,qui *ante en la m] salee ,el plus haut rivage4 #agj ,!re are examples1 z 9 ! ,vie de ,sa9t ,lg] & 9 ,alb]ic ( ,besanon's fragm5t>y poem on ,alex&]1 b few ( !m1 & ! c\plet soon conqu]s4 #aga ,buona pulcella fut ,eulalia1 rhyme4 ,bel auret corps1 bellez\r anima4 ,voldr5t la ve9tre li deo inimi assonance4 ,voldr5t la faire diaule s]vir4 #agb ,n to ! pres5t writ]1 nor1 he ?9ks1 to any "o :o is really famili> ) ! ,*ansons de ge/e4 #agc ,a book ( v]ses und]nea? ! b\gh1 ,a jug ( w9e1 a loaf ( bread--& ?\ ,beside me s++ 9 ! wild]ness-- ,oh6 wild]ness 7 ,p>adise en[6 #agd ,i seal myself ^u !e ) my might1 ,abid+ always out ( all m5's sight1 ,until ,god loos5 ov] sea & l& ,! ?und] ( ! trumpets ( ! night-- ,! only diff]5ce ( ^! is t ,fitz,gerald1 foll[+1 ,i believe1 8 ,p]sian orig9al1 left ! ?ird l9es q blank1 :ile ,mr4 ,sw9burne rhym$ ^! 9 adjac5t /anzas4 #age ,= examples see above1 ,book ,,ii4 ,*ap4 ,,vi4 pp4 #bji1 #baj4 #agf ,to :om %al ,i !n pleyne ( my di/resse8 ,:o may me helpe8 ,:o may my h>m r$resse8 ,%all ,i compleyne unto my lady fre8 ,nay1 c]tes6 = %e ha? su* hevynesse1 ,= f]e1 & eek = wo1 t1 z ,i gesse1 ,9 litil tyme x wol h] bane be4 ,b 7 %e sauf1 x 7 no =s ( me6 ,alas6 t ev] lov]s mote endure1 ,= love1 s many a peril\s av5ture6 7ll4 #aia-aii47 #agg ,my d]e h]te & be/ belov$ fo1 ,:y like? y[ to d me al ?is wo1 ,:at h ,i doon t greve? y[1 or sayd1 ,b = ,i s]ve & love y[ & no mo8 ,& :il/ ,i lyve ,i wol ev] d s2 ,& !re=1 swete1 ne be? nat yvel apayd4 ,= s good & s fair z t ye be ,hit 7 "r grete wond] b ye hadde ,( alle s]vantes1 bo! ( goode & badde2 ,& lee/ wor?y ( alle hem1 ,i am he4 ,n dissimil> sugge/ions may be f\nd 9 ,dunb>'s ,gold5 ,t>ge4 #agh ,we he>d h[ !y y hight1 ,if !y might f9d t *ild1 ,= to h told y "r1 ,b c]tes !y are beguil$4 ,swilk tales are n to tr[1 ,full well wot ilka wight1 ,?\ %all nev] m h might ,ne mai/]y unto y4 #agi ,:o1 z an (f]+ at y\r %r9e1 ,h sung ?is hymn & "h entreat ,"o sp>k ( y\r div9] heat ,to light ^u a love ( m9e4 #ahj ,consid] ! sea's li/less *ime1 ,"t's self x is1 made audible3 ,! murmur ( ! e>?'s own %ell-- ,secret cont9uance sublime ,is ! sea's end2 our sight may pass ,no furlong fur!r4 ,s9ce "t 0 ,?is s\nd ha? told ! lapse ( "t4 7,! ,sea ,limits47 #aha ,= in/ance1 ,col]idge has %[n1 9 ! ,anci5t ,m>9]1 t ! ballad or common measure ( f\r l9es1 #h1 #f1 #h1 #f1 abab1 c be ext5d$ to any numb] ( l9es up to n9e 7v4 sup4 p4 #ig71 ) ! numb] & ord] ( ea* rhyme-end v>i$ to suit1 & yet )\t ov]runn+1 or loos5+ ! g5]al grip & "* ( ! /anza4 ,n[ ! smalle/ k ( ma!matics w %[ ! enorm\s numb] ( comb9ations--five-1 six-1 sev5-1 eight-1 & n9e-l9$1 ) ! a & b rhymes v>i\sly gr\p$--t w\ld require tabulation ev5 up to ?is limit4 ,& x w\ld argue utt] ins5sibility to ! qualities & capacities ( ,engli% poetry to d5y t1 on ! morr[ ( ?is classification1 a poet might arise :o w\ld give ! same solid effect to t5 or m l9es ) /ill m endlessly v>i$ rhyme-p]mutation4 ,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( attempt+ a hopeless & ev5 mis*iev\s task 7= ^! classifications always g5]ate ! idea t :atsoev] is outside ( !m is bad71 x has seem$ bett] to lay d[n1 & to illu/rate l>gely & v>i\sly1 ! pr9ciples on :i* all su* legitimate comb9ations h be5 =m$ hi!rto1 b on :i* !y may legitimately be =m$ anew ad inf9itum4 ,& ?is1 x is hop$1 has be5 done suffici5tly "h4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,bibliography 7,! foll[+ li/ conta9s almo/ ev]y?+ ) :i* any /ud5t1 :o is n mak+ ! subject "o ( exhau/ive & practically orig9al rese>*1 ne$ make himself acqua9t$2 :ile x w c>ry him pretty f> ev5 9 t direction4 ,fur!r in=mation w be f\nd 9 ! works ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,s4 ,omond1 ,engli% ,metri/s 7,tunbridge ,wells1 #aijc71 & ,engli% ,metri/s ( ! ,eighte5? & ,n9ete5? ,c5turies 7,ox=d & ,london1 #aijg71 z well z 9 ! pres5t writ]'s l>g] ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,prosody4 ,sev]al ( ! works h]e9aft] catalogu$ w be f\nd collect$ 9 ,pr(essor ,gregory ,smi?'s ,elizabe?an ,critical ,essays 7#b vols41 ,ox=d1 #aijd71 & extracts f n a v few ( !m 9 ! pres5t writ]'s ,loci ,critici 7,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a41 & ,london1 #aijc747 ,,abbott1 ,e4 ,a4 ,%akesp]ian ,gramm> 7,london1 #ahfi71 & 7) ,j4 ,r4 ,seeley7 ,engli% ,lessons = ,engli% ,p 7,london1 #ahga74 ,reissu$ frequ5tly4 ,,ald51 ,r4 ,m4 ,engli% ,v]se 7,new ,york1 #aijd71 & ,introduction to ,poetry 7,new ,york1 #aiji74 ,,blake1 ,j4 ,w4 ,acc5t & ,rhy?m expla9$ by ! ,law ( ,monopressures 7,ed9burgh1 #ahhh74 ,,brew]1 ,r4 ,f4 ,manual ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,london1 #ahfi74 ,reissu$ & enl>g$ lat] z ,or?ometry 7,london1 #ahic74 ,,bridges1 ,r4 ,s4 ,milton's ,prosody 7,ox=d1 #ahhi74 ,frequ5tly reissu$1 especially 9 #aija1 ) important additions on /ress-prosody4 ,,bys%e1 ,,edw>d4 ,! ,art ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,london1 #agjb74 ,frequ5tly repr9t$ ?r\gh\t ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! be/ edition be+ t ( #agjh4 ,,calv]ley1 ,c4 ,s4 ,on ,metrical ,translation1 orig9ally 9 a magaz9e4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,works 7,london1 #aija74 ,,campion1 ,,?omas4 ,obs]vations 9 ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,london1 #afjb74 ,repr9t$ 9 ,gregory ,smi?'s ,elizabe?an ,essays1 9 ,bull5's ,works ( ,campion 7,london1 #ahhi71 & 9 ! ,ox=d edition ( ^! ,works 7#aiaj74 ,,cayley1 ,c4 ,b4 ,rem>ks & ,exp]im5ts on ,engli% ,hexamet]s 7,transactions ( ,philological ,society1 ,b]l91 #ahfa71 & ,preface to translation ( s*ylus's ,prome!us ,b\nd 7,london1 #ahfg74 ,,col]idge1 ,s4 ,t4 ,preface to ,*ri/abel4 ,almo/ any edition ( ,poems4 ,,conway1 ,,gilb]t4 ,a ,treatise ( ,v]sification 7,london1 #ahgh74 ,,cr[e1 ,,william4 ,a ,treatise on ,engli% ,v]sification 7,ox=d1 #ahbg74 ,,daniel1 ,,samuel4 ,a ,def5ce ( ,rhyme 7,london1 #afjc8-afjg74 ,9 ,gregory ,smi?1 & 9 all repr9ts ( ,daniel's ,works1 z well z among ! ,poems 9 ,*alm]s's ,poets4 ,,dryd51 ,,john4 ,no s+le conc5trat$ treatm5t1 b int]e/+ glances1 "s ( :i* w be f\nd 9 ,loci ,critici 7v4 sup471 & all ( :i* c be easily trac$ 9 ,pr(essor ,k]'s edition ( ! ,critical ,essays 7#b vols41 ,ox=d1 #aijj74 ,,gascoigne1 ,,george4 ,c]ta9 ,notes ( ,in/ruction 9 ,engli% ,v]se 7,london1 #aege74 ,repr9t$ 9 ,gregory ,smi?1 9 ,arb]'s ,engli% repr9ts 7,london1 #ahfh71 etc4 ,,goldsmi?1 ,,oliv]4 ,essay on ,v]sification 7,briti% ,magaz9e1 ,london1 #agfc74 ,repr9t$ 9 all editions ( 8 ,works z ,miscellane\s ,essays1 ,no4 #ah4 ,,gue/1 ,,edw94 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,rhy?ms 7#b vols41 ,london1 #ahch74 ,repr9t$ & edit$ 9 "o vol4 by ,pr(essor ,skeat 7,london1 #ahhb74 ,,hodgson1 ,,%adwor?4 ,engli% ,v]se 9 ,outca/ ,essays1 etc4 7,london1 #ahha74 ,,hood1 ,t4 7! y\ng]74 ,! ,rules ( ,rhyme 7,london1 #ahfi74 ,,j5k91 ,,fleem+4 ,pap]s on ,metre 9 ,saturday ,review = #ahhc4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,memoir & ,rema9s 7,ed9burgh1 #ahhg74 ,,johnson1 ,,samuel4 ,pap]s *iefly 9 ,! ,rambl] 7,london1 #agej74 ,to be f\nd p>tly 9 ,loci ,critici1 & completely 9 all editions ( ! ,rambl] itself4 ,a few rem>ks on prosody are 9 ! ,gramm> accompany+ ! ,diction>y1 & _m scatt]$ ov] ! ,lives ( ! ,poets4 ,,k]1 ,w4 ,p4--,analogies betwe5 ,engli% & ,spani% ,v]se 7,philological ,society's ,transactions1 ,london1 #ahii74 ,,k+ ,,james ,,! ,,fir/ 7,,six? ,,( ,,scotl&74 ,rewlis & ,cautelis4 ,full title long]4 7,ed9burgh1 #aeie47 ,repr9t$ by ,arb] 7,london1 #ahfi71 & 9 ,gregory ,smi?4 ,,lewis1 ,c4 ,m4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,v]se 7,new ,york & ,london1 #aijf74 ,,liddell1 ,,m>k ,h4 ,introduction to ! ,sci5tific ,/udy ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,new ,york1 #aijb74 ,,mason1 ,,john4 ,an ,essay on ! ,p[] ( ,numb]s & ! ,pr9ciple ( ,h>mony 9 ,poetical ,compositions 7,london1 #agdi74 ,,masson1 ,,david4 ,essay on ,milton's ,v]sification 9 edition ( ,milton's ,works 7,london1 #ahij71 vol4 iii4 pp4 #ajg sq4 ,,mayor1 ,j4 ,b4 ,*apt]s on ,engli% ,metre 7,cambridge1 #ahhf74 ,a ,h&book ( ,engli% ,metre 7,cambridge1 #aijd74 ,,mit=d1 ,,william4 ,essay on ! ,h>mony ( ,language 7,london1 #aggd74 ,reissu$1 ) l>ge alt]ations & additions1 z ,an ,enquiry into ! ,pr9ciples ( ,h>mony 9 ,language 7,london1 #ahjd74 ,,omond1 ,t4 ,s4 ,a ,/udy ( ,metre 7,london1 #aijc74 ,,patmore1 ,,cov5try4 ,engli% ,metrical ,criticism1 orig9ally 9 ,nor? ,briti% ,review = #ahge4 ,repr9t$ ) ,amelia 7,london1 #ahgh71 & s9ce 9 v>i\s places ( 8 ,poems & ,works4 ,,poe1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,rationale ( ,v]se1 orig9ally a magaz9e essay1 #ahdh4 ,9 ! v>i\s editions ( 8 ,works 7ed4 ,+ram1 #d vols42 ,ed9burgh1 #ahge1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #bai-bfe74 ,,putt5ham1 ,,george8 ,! ,art ( ,engli% ,poesie 7,london1 #aeha74 ,repr9t$ by ,arb] 7,birm+ham1 #ahfi71 & 9 ,gregory ,smi?4 ,,rusk91 ,,john4 ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,prosody 7,orp+ton1 #ahhj74 ,,s*ipp]1 ,j4 ,englis*e ,metrik 7#c vols41 ,bonn1 #ahhb-hi74 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,v]sification 7,ox=d1 #aiaj74 ,,%5/one1 ,,william4 ,essays 9 ,works 7#c vols41 ,london1 #agfd-fi74 ,! *ief ( ! few1 b v important1 prosodic rem>ks w be f\nd 9 ,loci ,critici4 ,,skeat1 ,w4 ,w4 ,section on ,*auc]'s ,prosody 9 ,works ( ,*auc]1 vol4 vi4 7,ox=d1 #ahid74 ,reh&l$ 9 pap] on ! ,scansion ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,philological ,society's ,transactions = #ahie-ih74 ,,s\!y1 ,,rob]t4 ,preface ( ,vision ( ,judgm5t 7,london1 #ahbj74 ,a few important rem>ks 7see text7 9 ,lett]s & ,correspond5ce4 ,,sp$d+1 ,,james4 ,review 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 #ahfa4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,reviews & ,discussions 7,london1 #ahgi74 ,,sp5s]1 ,,edmund4 ,correspond5ce ) ,gabriel ,h>vey4 ,9 full editions ( ,works1 or 9 ,gregory ,smi?4 ,,/eele1 ,,jo%ua4 ,prosodia ,rationalis 7,london1 #aggi74 ,,/one1 ,w4 ,j4 ,on ! ,use ( ,classical ,metres 9 ,engli% 7,ox=d1 #ahih74 ,repr9t$1 )\t specim5s1 toge!r ) ,mr4 ,bridges' ,prosody ( ,milton 7,ox=d1 #aija74 ,,symonds1 ,j4 ,a4 ,blank ,v]se 7,london1 #ahie74 ,,!lwall1 ,,john4 ,illu/rations ( ,engli% ,rhy?mus 7,london1 #ahab74 ,,v]ri]1 ,m4 ,essai sur la mtrique anglaise 7#c vols41 ,p>is1 #aiji74 ,,wadham1 ,e4 ,engli% ,v]sification 7,london1 #ahfi74 ,,webbe1 ,,william4 ,a ,disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetry 7,london1 #aehf74 ,repr9t$ by ,arb] 7,london1 #ahgj7 & 9 ,gregory ,smi?4 ,,index ,gloss4 indicates t ! ^w w be f\nd expla9$ at its alphabetical place 9 ! ,gloss>y4 ,abbott1 ,dr41 #bei1 #ccg ,abnormal l9es 9 ,%akespe>e1 #acj ,acc5t & acc5tual sy/em1 ,bk4 ,i4 ,*4 ,,ii4 & passim 7,gloss47 ,acephal\s1 #ea1 #aeg 7,gloss47 ,acro/ic 7,gloss47 ,adjective1 =ms 9 -y1 #aff note ,adonais1 #bjd ,ag9c\rt1 ,ballad (1 #cjc ,ala/or1 #bjd1 #cab ,alb]ic ( ,besanon1 #ccj note ,alcaics1 #abd 7,gloss47 ,alcman1 #cah ,ald51 ,mr4 ,r4 ,m41 #ccg ,alex&r9e1 #ae1 #di1 #ea1 #ec1 #ee1 #fa1 #fe-ga1 #gi1 #hd1 #he1 #ij1 #ia1 #ajb1 #aji1 #abi1 #acj1 #aei1 #aga1 #agg1 #aib1 #aic1 #bje1 #bab1 #bbg1 #bij 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,alexis1 ,/41 #cca ,alison1 #de ,all51 ,mr4 ,grant1 #abe1 #bha ,allit]ation1 #cd ,allit]ative v]se1 #cg-dj1 #dh-ej1 #acd-aci1 #aea-aec1 #aee 7,gloss471 #caf1 #cag ,alres=d ,pool1 #ahg ,ambrose1 ,/41 #ch1 #cah ,amoryus & ,cleopes1 #ec ,amphibra* 7,gloss47 ,amphimac] 7,gloss47 ,anacreon1 #cah ,anacrusis 7,gloss47 ,anap/1 #ca & passim 7,gloss47 ,anci5t ,m>9]1 ,!1 #bgb1 #cja1 #cbi1 #ccf note ,&rom$a1 #abc1 #beg1 #cjf ,anglo-,saxon 7or ,old ,engli%7 prosody1 #cg1 #ch1 #acd-acg ,anima ,anceps1 #bai note ,annus ,mirabilis1 #bji ,anti-bac*ic 7,gloss47 ,anti-,jacob91 ,!1 #cjj ,antispa/ 7,gloss47 ,anti/rophe1 #ij 7,gloss47 ,appoggiatura 7,gloss47 ,arcades1 #ahe1 #cjh ,ari/ophanes1 #cjd1 #cah note1 #cbh ,arnold1 ,m4 7#ahbb-ahhh71 #ajb1 #abg1 #bab1 #bac1 #bhf1 #bih ,arsis 7,gloss47 ,arte ,mayor1 #cbf ,artificial ,fr5* =ms1 #abe-abg ,as*am1 ,r4 7#aeae-aefh71 #abj1 #aba1 #bcd ,asol&o1 #bhe note ,assonance1 #cd 7,gloss47 ,a/ra1 #bff ,at a ,mon?'s ,end1 #bag ,atonic 7,gloss47 ,atys1 ,!1 #abe1 #bha ,awntyrs ( ,ar?ur1 ,!1 #di ,ayton1 ,sir ,r4 7#aegj-afch71 #ha ,bac*ic 7,gloss47 ,ballad 7#afdg7 7,gloss47 ,ballad-measure1 #ec1 #ef1 #ha1 #if1 #ig 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,ballade1 #abf 7,gloss47 ,b> 7,gloss47 ,b>b\r1 ,john 7#acaf-acie71 #ee ,b>d1 ,!1 scann$1 #hi-ia ,b>ham1 ,r4 ,h4 7#aghh-ahdd71 #bih1 #cjh ,b>ts*1 #ccj ,ba/on1 #bcc ,battle ( ,alcaz>1 ,!1 #fd ,battle ( ! ,baltic1 ,!1 #cjj ,beat 7,gloss47 ,beaumont 7#aehd-afaf7 & ,flet*] 7#aegi-afbe71 #fh1 #age1 #agf ,beaumont1 ,sir ,john 7#aehc-afbg71 #gh1 #ahg1 #ahh1 #bci1 #bih1 #caa ,b$does1 ,t4 ,l4 7#ahjc-ahdi71 #bjf1 #ccf ,behn1 ,afra 7#afdj-afhi71 #ahi ,bele ,aeliz1 #cce ,bells & ,pomegranates1 #baa ,be[ulf1 #cg ,beppo1 #bjc1 #cjj ,b]n>d ( ,morlaix1 #cbi ,b]yn1 #afe ,be/i>y1 ,!1 #aab1 #adc1 #cbj1 #cbc ,blackwood's ,magaz9e1 #ba ,blake1 ,w4 7#ageg-ahbg71 #cc1 #db1 #ic1 #id1 #aab1 #adc1 #ade1 #aii1 #bih ,blank v]se1 #fc-gb1 #hh1 #hi1 #ajd-ajh1 #agd sq4 7,gloss47 ,bl9d ,h>ry 7fifte5? c5tury71 #ef1 #afc ,boadicea 7,c[p]'s71 #aj1 #cjb ,boadicea 7,t5nyson's71 #abe1 #bha ,bob & ,:eel 7,gloss47 ,boe?ius 7! ,prov5al71 #cba1 #cca ,bo?ie ( ,tob]-na-,vuoli*1 ,!1 #abb ,b[les1 ,w4 ,l4 7#agfb-ahej71 #bjj1 #bii ,brad%aw1 ,mr41 #aei ,brew]1 ,r4 ,f41 #bei1 #ccg ,bridges1 ,mr41 #ab note1 #bfj1 #bfa note1 #ccg ,brightl&1 ,j41 #bde ,brok5 & cuttit v]se1 #afi1 #agc1 #bjb1 #bcg ,bronte1 ,emily 7#ahah-ahdh71 #abi ,br[ne1 ,w4 7#aeia-afdc71 #ge1 #hj1 #ahg1 #bii ,br[n+1 ,e4 ,b4 7#ahjf-ahfa71 #bi1 #bab1 #bga1 #bii ,br[n+1 ,r4 7#ahab-ahhi71 #ajj1 #ajb1 #aje1 #aji1 #aag1 #baj-bab1 #bhe note1 #bii1 #cbd1 #ccf ,brunne1 ,rob]t ( 7fl4 #abhh-acch71 #bcc ,burd5 7,gloss47 ,burns1 ,r4 7#agei-agif71 & ,burns-metre1 #dd-df1 #aii1 #bgc1 #bii 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,byron1 ,"l 7#aghh-ahbd71 #aad1 #bjc1 #bfh1 #cjj1 #caa1 #ccd ,bys%e1 ,e4 7fl4 #agjb-agab71 #af1 #ai1 #bg1 #aie1 #bdb-bde1 #ccg ,cad5ce1 #bcc 7,gloss47 ,csura 7,gloss47 ,calv]ley1 ,c4 ,s4 7#ahca-ahhd71 #cch ,campbell1 ,t4 7#aggg-ahdd71 #cjj ,campion1 ,?omas 7d4 #afai71 #cc1 #gc1 #aba1 #bch1 #cjj1 #cch ,cann+1 ,g4 7#aggj-ahbg71 #abc1 #abd1 #bib1 #cjj ,cant]bury ,tales1 ,!1 #ea ,canute ,song1 ,!1 #acf ,c>ey1 ,john 7#agef-ahbf71 #beb ,c>ol1 #afd 7,gloss47 ,c>ol9e v]se1 #ahi ,ca/away1 ,!1 #cjb ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce1 ,!1 #cae ,catalexis 7,gloss47 ,catullus1 #abe1 #bha1 #bhc ,cayley1 ,c4 ,b41 #cch ,*alkhill1 ,j4 7fl4 c4 #afjj871 #gf1 #ahg ,*amb]la91 ,r4 7fl4 #afdj-affj71 #cja ,*amb]layne1 ,w4 7#afai-afhi71 #gf1 #ahg1 #cja ,*ansons de ge/e1 #bff1 #cab1 #cbc ,*ant-royal 7,gloss47 ,*apman1 ,g4 7#aeei8-afcd71 #bha1 #cbe ,*att]ton1 ,?omas 7#ageb-aggj71 #db1 #ic1 #adc1 #ade1 #aii1 #cja ,*auc]1 ,g4 7#acdj8-adjj71 #ad1 #db1 #dc1 #dg1 #ej1 #ea1 #adh1 #aee-afc1 #agb1 #ahf1 #aij1 #aia1 #bbb1 #bcc1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bgc1 #bgh1 #bhi1 #bia1 #bie1 #bif1 #cja1 #cjg1 #cba-cbe1 #ccb1 #ccd ,*auc]iana1 #afb ,*]ry & ! ,slae1 ,!1 #eg ,*e/]field1 ,philip ,dorm] ,/anhope1 #d? ,e>l ( 7#afid-aggc71 #aad ,*evy ,*ase1 #ec1 #ajd ,*ilde ,h>old1 #bjc1 #cjj ,*oriamb1 #aai 7,gloss47 ,*ri/abel1 #h1 #db1 #fj1 #ie-ajj1 #aab1 #agj1 #bja1 #bea1 #beb1 #cja1 #cjh1 #cab ,*ri/mas ,eve & ,ea/] ,day1 #baa ,*ur*ill1 ,*4 7#agca-agfd71 #aid ,cleanness1 #dh ,clevel&1 ,j4 7#afac-afeh71 #abi note1 #cja ,cl\d1 ,%elley's1 scann$1 #ajj1 #aab1 #bjd ,cl\gh1 ,a4 ,h4 7#ahai-ahfa71 #abb ,coda 7,gloss47 ,col]idge1 ,s4 ,t4 7#aggb-ahcd71 #h1 #db1 #ie-ajj1 #aab1 #aba1 #abd1 #adc1 #ade1 #aff note1 #bja1 #bjh1 #bea1 #beb1 #bgb1 #bii1 #cja1 #cab1 #cbi1 #ccf note1 #cch ,coll9s1 ,w4 7#agba-agei71 #cc1 #id-ajj1 #aid1 #aif-aii1 #bgc1 #cja ,come unto ^! yell[ s&s1 #ahb note ,common1 #g & passim 7,gloss47 ,common measure1 #ha sq4 7,gloss47 ,compla9ts1 ,*auc]'s1 #ccb1 #ccc ,comus1 #agg1 #cjh ,confessio ,amantis1 #ea ,congreve1 ,w4 7#afgj-agbi71 #cjb ,conway1 ,g41 #bei1 #cch ,c\plet 7,gloss47 ,c[ee1 #bcc ,c[ley1 ,a4 7#afah-affg71 #gh1 #cjb1 #cbd ,c[p]1 ,w4 7#agca-ahjj71 #hi1 #id1 #aac1 #abe1 #aid1 #aif1 #aig1 #bib1 #cjd ,crabbe1 ,g4 7#aged-ahcb71 #hg1 #hh1 #aid ,cretic 7,gloss47 ,cr[e1 ,w4 7#agde-ahbi71 #bg1 #bdf1 #beb1 #bij1 #cch ,cr[n ( ,laurel1 #ed ,cupid & ,psy*e1 #ahg note ,cuttit & brok5 v]se1 #afi1 #agc1 #bjb1 #bcg ,cyn>a1 #abi ,dactyl1 #ca1 #cc1 & passim 7,gloss47 ,dallas1 ,e4,s4 7#ahbh-ahgi71 #beg ,damasus1 ,pope1 #cai ,daniel1 ,s4 7#aefb-afai71 #ahe1 #bch1 #cch ,dante1 #afg note1 #bhd1 #bib1 #bie1 #cba1 #cbb ,d>ley1 ,g4 7#agie-ahdj71 #bjf1 #ccf ,d>w91 ,e4 7#agca-ahjb71 #bjj ,dav5ant1 ,sir ,john 7#afjf-affh71 #gj1 #agf ,david1 ,a41 #bib ,davidson1 ,mr4 ,john 7#aheg-aiji71 #bai ,davies1 ,sir ,john 7#aefi-afbf71 #bff ,decasyllable1 #df sq4 & passim 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,de ,contemptu ,mundi1 #cbi ,def5ce ( ,gu5ev]e1 ,!1 #bae1 #cji ,d5nis1 ,john 7#afeg-agcd71 #bda ,des*amps1 ,eu/41 #ccd ,des]t]1 ,curran's1 #bai note ,di-iamb 7,gloss47 ,dimet] 7,gloss47 ,dispondee 7,gloss47 ,di/i* 7,gloss47 ,ditro*ee 7,gloss47 ,dixon1 ,r4 ,w4 7#ahec-aijj71 #bah1 #bai1 #bie1 #cjc ,dobson1 ,mr4 ,au/91 #abe-abg ,do*miac 7,gloss47 ,dogg]el1 #ed1 #ee1 #afc 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,dolores metre1 #aab-aae ,don ,juan1 #bjc1 #cjj ,donne1 ,john 7#aegc-afca71 #gc1 #ha1 #cjb1 #cje ,d\glas1 ,g41 #afc ,d[son1 ,e41 #abi ,drant1 ,t4 7d4 #aegh871 #bcf ,drayton1 ,m4 7#aefc-afca71 #ge1 #gg1 #aji1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #bbe1 #bhc1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cbd ,dream ( ,fair ,wom51 ,!1 #bji ,dryd51 ,john 7#afca-agjj71 #ae1 #ag note1 #bi1 #cd note1 #hb-he1 #aja-ajc1 #abi note1 #aib1 #aic1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bfg1 #bgd1 #bha1 #bij1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cje1 #caj1 #cbd1 #ccb1 #cch ,dunb>1 ,w4 7#adfe8-aecj871 #ef1 #afc1 #cjc ,duple 7,gloss47 ,durfey1 ,t4 7#afec-agbc71 #aig1 #aii ,dy]1 ,john 7#agjj8-ageh71 #aie note1 #cjc ,dy+ ,swan 7,t5nyson's7 scann$1 #aaj-aab ,e>?ly ,p>adise1 ,!1 #bae1 #cji ,e4,i4,o41 #ed1 #afd ,elegiacs1 ,engli%1 #gc1 #abb ,elegy1 ,gray's1 #bji ,el9or ,rumm+1 #ed ,elision 7,gloss47 ,ellis1 ,a4 ,j4 7#ahad-ahij71 #bei ,end-/opp$ 7,gloss47 ,endymion1 #bje1 #cjf ,engl&'s ,jubile1 #cja ,enjambm5t 7,gloss47 ,ent]lace1 #bcc ,envoi 7,gloss47 ,epanaphora 7,gloss47 ,epanor?osis 7,gloss47 ,epi?alamion 7,sp5s]'s71 #fb ,epitrite 7,gloss47 ,epode 7,gloss47 ,equival5ce1 #cb & passim 7,gloss47 ,eulalia1 ,hymn ( ,/41 #aea note1 #cba1 #cca ,evangel9e1 #aaf1 #abb1 #bef1 #cjf1 #cjg ,evans1 ,ar*deacon 7#aghi-ahff71 #beg ,eve ( ,/4 ,agnes1 ,!1 #bje1 #cjf ,eve ( ,/4 ,john1 #bgj ,eve ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,!1 #bjf1 #cjf ,evele5's ,b[]1 #bjb1 #bgj ,ev5+1 ,ode to 7,coll9s'71 #cjb ,ev5+ on ! ,broads1 #aai ,example ( ,virtue1 ,!1 #cje ,extrametrical syllables1 #ah note ,eye-rhyme1 #agb 7,gloss47 ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,!1 #aga1 #bhj ,fairfax1 ,e4 7d4 #afce71 #gg1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #cjc1 #caa1 #ccd ,feet 7foot71 #f & passim 7,gloss47 ,fem99e end+s 7,gloss47 ,fif9e at ! ,fair1 #bab1 #bfg1 #cjc ,fifte5]1 #ci1 #dj 7,gloss47 ,f+]+1 #ce 7,gloss47 ,fitzg]ald1 ,e4 7#ahji-ahhc74 #bag1 #cjc1 #ccb ,flet*]1 ,giles 7#aehh8-afbc71 #cjd ,flet*]1 ,john1 see ,beaumont & ,f41 #cjd ,flet*]1 ,ph9eas 7#aehb-afej71 #cjd ,foot1 see ,feet ,f\rte5]1 #cd1 #dj1 #da1 #di1 #ec1 #ee1 #hd1 #he1 #aae1 #adj1 #adi1 #aec1 #afe1 #afg1 #aic1 #bae 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,fr5* prosody1 its connections1 agreem5ts1 & diff]5ces ) ,engli%1 #ad ,fr]e1 ,j4 ,h4 7#agfi-ahdf71 #cjd1 #ccd ,fri> ,bacon & ,fri> ,bungay1 #fd ,fri>s ( ,b]wick1 ,!1 #ahf1 #cjc ,galliambics1 #abe 7,gloss47 ,gamelyn1 #afe1 #bha1 #cbe1 #cbf ,g>?1 ,s4 7#affa-agai71 #he1 #aic ,gascoigne1 ,g4 7#aebe8-aegg71 #i1 #ae1 #ai1 #ei1 #fe1 #aee1 #aff1 #afh1 #agd1 #aii1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bda1 #bij1 #cjd1 #cad1 #cch ,gawa9 & ! ,gre5 ,knight1 #dh1 #aeb1 #bba ,gay1 ,j4 7#afhe-agcb71 #ib1 #aad1 #caj ,gemell or ,gem9el1 #cjb 7,gloss47 ,g5esis & ,exodus1 #ad1 #dc1 #dg1 #fj1 #ade1 #agj1 #bba1 #cba ,gif=d1 ,h4 7fl4 #aehj71 #gd ,gildon1 ,c4 7#affe-agbd71 #bde ,glov]1 ,r4 7#agab-aghe71 #hh1 #cjd ,gobl9 ,m>ket1 #bae1 note ,godric1 ,/4 7#ab? c5t471 #ch1 #acf1 #cjd ,goldsmi?1 ,o4 7#agbh-aggd71 #if1 #aid1 #cch ,gorboduc1 #fc1 #agd ,gorge\s ,gall]y ( ,gallant ,inv5tions1 #gb ,gospel ( ,nicodemus1 #cbh ,g[]1 ,john 7#acbe8-adjh71 #ad1 #db1 #ea1 #aec1 #aed1 #aef1 #bjf1 #bbb1 #bcc1 #bgd1 #cjd ,gr&mamma 7,lock]'s71 #cjj ,grave ,poem1 !1 #ch1 #acf ,gray1 ,t4 7#agah-agga71 #hi-ib1 #adb1 #aid1 #aif-aii1 #bdi1 #bej1 #bid1 #cja1 #cjb1 #ccb ,greek prosody1 its resemblance & relations to ,engli%1 #a1 #f1 #g1 #bj1 #cb note1 #bha ,gre5e1 ,rob]t 7#aefj8-aeib71 #fd ,grong> ,hill1 #aie note1 #cjc ,gue/1 ,dr4 7#ahjj-ahhj71 #aa note1 #ch1 #ace1 #bcg1 #bec-bee1 #bib1 #cbc1 #cbd1 #cbe1 #cbi1 #cch ,haidee1 ,l9es to1 #aad ,hamlet1 #acj ,hampole1 ,ri*>d ,rolle (1 7#abij8-acdi71 #df1 #dg1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cba ,h>die1 ,pr(41 #bhd note1 #cah note ,h>vey1 ,gabriel 7#aede8-afcj71 #aba1 #bcf ,havelok1 #adi ,hawes1 ,s4 7d4 #aebc871 #afc1 #bbc1 #cje ,hayley1 ,w4 7#agde-ahbj71 #cjj ,head-rhyme 7,gloss47 ,h5decasyllables1 #abd1 #abe 7,gloss47 ,h5ley1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 7#ahdi-aijc71 #abh1 #bai1 #bhf ,h5ryson1 ,r4 7#adcj8-aejf871 #ef1 #aee1 #afc ,heptamet] 7,gloss47 ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury1 ,"l 7#aehc-afdh71 #hb1 #ccc ,h]o & ,le&]1 #ahf ,h]oic c\plet1 etc4 7,gloss47 ,h]rick1 ,r4 7#aeia-afgd71 #ha1 #cje ,hesp]ia1 #aah ,hewlett1 ,mr41 #ab note ,hexamet]s1 #abj-abc 7,gloss47 ,heywood1 ,john 7#adig8-aehj871 #ed1 #cbf1 #cbg note ,hiatus 7,gloss47 ,hiawa?a1 #cjg ,hil>y1 #cah ,hodgson1 ,mr4 ,s41 #bfj1 #cch ,hollyhock song 7,t5nyson's71 #bg1 #ii1 #aab ,holmes1 ,o4 ,w41 #cjj ,hood1 ,tom1 ! eld] 7#agii-ahde71 #bfi note ,hood1 ,tom1 ! y\ng] 7#ahce-ahgd71 #bei1 #cch ,horace1 #bff1 #bhi1 #cah ,horn 7,k+71 #adi1 #bba1 #cbj1 #cbc1 #cbh ,h\se ( ,fame1 ,!1 #ej ,hughes1 ,?omas 7fl4 #aehg71 #fd ,hunt1 ,h4 ,j4 ,leigh 7#aghd-ahei71 #aja1 #cje1 #cjf ,hyp]ion1 #bje1 #cjf ,iambic1 #ai1 #ca1 & passim 7,gloss47 ,immortality ,ode 7,wordswor?'s71 #bjj note ,+oldsby ,leg5ds1 ,!1 #bih ,9 ,memoriam metre1 #ha sq41 #cab 7,orig9-,li/7 ,inv]t$ /ress 7,gloss47 ,ionic 7,gloss47 ,isabella1 #bjd1 #bje1 #cjf ,j4 ,d41 #bci ,james ,i4 ( ,scotl& 7#acid-adcg71 #ef1 #afc1 #agb note ,james ,,vi4 ( ,scotl& 7,i4 ( ,engl&71 7#aeff-afbe71 #bcf1 #beg1 #bif1 #cce1 #cch ,jason1 ,! ,life & ,dea? (1 #cji ,j5k91 ,pr(4 ,f4 7#ahcc-ahhe71 #bfj1 #cch ,j]usalem ! ,gold51 #cbi ,johnson1 ,dr4 7#agji-aghd71 #ab1 #ai1 #hg1 #hh1 #aid1 #aif1 #bdf1 #cch ,jonson1 ,b5 7#aegc8-afcg71 #gb1 #agf1 #ahg1 #bci1 #bda1 #cjb1 #cje1 #cjg1 #ccc ,judas poem1 #da1 #cbh ,kapiolani1 #aaf1 #bja1 #bhh ,keats1 ,john 7#agie-ahba71 #aja1 #ajb1 #ajh1 #aib1 #bje-f1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cbd ,k]1 ,pr(41 #cbf1 #cch1 #cci ,k+ ,horn1 #aab ,k+is ,quair1 ,!1 #afc1 #bij ,k+sley1 ,*4 7#ahai-ahge71 #aah1 #abc1 #beg1 #cjf ,kyna/on1 ,sir ,francis 7#aehg-afdb71 #ahf1 #ccd ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,m]ci1 #bjf1 #cjf ,l',allegro1 #cjh ,lamia1 #ajb1 #cjf ,l&or1 ,w4 ,s4 7#agge-ahfd71 #cjf ,langl&1 ,w4 7#accj8-adjj871 #di1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aij1 #bbb1 #cjg1 #cbc ,lani]1 ,s41 #bfa ,laon & ,cy?na1 #bjd ,la/ ,buccane]1 ,! 7,macaulay's71 #bga1 #cjh ,la/ ,leaf1 ,! 7,holmes's71 #cjj ,la/ ,ride ,toge!r1 ,!1 #baa ,la?am1 ,r4 ,g4 7#ahab-ahhh71 #aa note1 #beg ,lat9 prosody1 its connection1 agreem5ts1 & diff]5ces ) ,engli%1 #a1 #f1 #g1 #bj1 #cb note ,laus ,v5]is1 #bag1 #ccb ,lawes1 ,h4 7#aeif-affb71 #bdj note ,layamon 7fl4 c4 #abjj71 #ci-db1 #acg-aci1 #cjg1 #cai ,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel1 ,!1 #bja ,lays ( ,anci5t ,rome1 #cjh ,le ,bone ,flor5ce ( ,rome1 #dd ,leg]1 ,vie de ,/41 #ccj note ,leol9e & ,sydanis1 #ccd ,leon9e v]se1 #adc 7,gloss47 ,lett] ( ,advice 7,pra$'s71 #aad ,lewis1 ,c4 ,m41 #cci ,lewis1 ,d4 7#afhc-agfj71 #ib ,lewis1 ,m4 ,g4 7#agge-ahah71 #bjj note1 #bjc1 #cjg1 #cab ,liddell1 ,pr(4 ,m>k ,h41 #cci ,life & ,dea? ( ,jason1 ,!1 #bae ,l9e & ,l9e-,comb9ation1 #cc & passim 7,gloss47 ,lock]1 ,f4 7#ahba-ahie71 #cjj1 #cjg ,long1 ,bk4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 & passim 7,gloss47 ,long l9es1 #aae1 #aaf 7,orig9-,li/7 ,long ,measure1 #ha sq4 & passim 7,gloss47 ,longfell[1 ,h4 ,w4 7#ahjg-ahhb71 #abb1 #bef1 #cjg ,lotos-,eat]s1 ,!1 #bji ,love among ! ,ru9s1 #baa ,love is ,en\gh1 #aah1 #bae-cji ,love-,rune1 #add ,lycidas1 #ahc1 #bge1 #cji ,lydgate1 ,john 7#acgj8-adea871 #eb1 #ec1 #afb1 #bbc1 #bcc1 #bhg1 #cjg ,lydgatian l9e1 #eb1 #ec 7,gloss47 ,lyndsay1 ,sir ,d4 7#adij-aeee71 #afc ,macaulay1 ,"l 7#ahjj-ahei71 #bjg1 #bjh note1 #bga ,macaulay1 ,pr(4 ,g4 ,c41 #eb ,macbe?1 #bc note1 #abi1 #acj ,ma*ault1 ,g4 de1 #cca1 #ccd ,m',cormick1 ,dr41 #ab note ,mag9n1 ,w4 7#agic-ahdb71 #cjh ,mano1 #bah1 #bid1 #cjc ,mapes1 ,w4 7fl4 c4 #abjj71 #cbe ,m>k ,antony 7,clevel&'s71 #cja ,m>l[e1 ,c4 7#aefd-aeic71 #fd1 #ff1 #ge1 #agd1 #ahg1 #cjh ,m>mion1 ,s4 7#afjc-afci71 #gf1 #ahg ,m>ot1 ,c41 #ccj ,m>tial1 #cah ,m>vell1 ,a4 7#afba-afgh71 #hb ,m>y ,ambree1 #gd ,mascul9e rhyme 7,gloss47 ,mason1 ,j4 7#agjf-agfc71 #bdg1 #cci ,masson1 ,pr(41 #beh1 #cci ,maud1 #aae ,mayor1 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,b41 #bfj1 #cci ,m$ea 7,glov]'s71 #cjd ,m]$i?1 ,mr4 ,george 7#ahbi-aiji71 #abe1 #bai1 #bha ,m]ope1 #bih ,me?am1 ,john 7#ae? c5tury71 #ec ,metre1 #f & passim 7,gloss47 ,metrum 7,gray's71 #aih1 #bej ,milton1 ,john 7#afjh-afgd71 #aa1 #ab1 #ae1 #be note1 #gj1 #ga1 #agg-ahe1 #aia1 #aie1 #bdj1 #bdf1 #bfj1 #bgc1 #bgg1 #bgi1 #bhi1 #bic1 #bid1 #bif1 #cjh1 #cji1 #cbd ,mirror = ,magi/rates1 #aff1 #bcd note1 #cbb1 #cbd ,mis=tunes ( ,ar?ur1 #fd ,mit=d1 ,w4 7#agdd-ahbg71 #ai1 #bdh1 #cci ,molly ,mog1 #ib1 #aad ,molossus 7,gloss47 ,monks & ! ,giants1 ,!1 #cjd ,monk's ,tale1 #bhi ,monomet] 7,gloss47 ,monopressure 7,gloss47 ,monosyllabic foot1 #bc1 #bha2 illu/rations1 passim ,montgom]ie1 ,alex4 7#aeef8-afaj871 #eg1 #afc ,moore1 ,t4 7#aggi-aheb71 #bjb1 #bgj1 #cji ,moral ,ode1 #da1 #ada1 #bbj1 #bha1 #cbe ,morris1 ,w4 7#ahcd-ahif71 #ajc1 #ajh1 #aag1 #aah1 #aef1 #bjf1 #bad1 #bae1 #bih1 #cjf1 #cji1 #ccd ,"m ,hubb]d's ,tale1 #fb1 #ge ,murray1 ,l9dley 7#agde-ahbf71 #beb ,musical & rhetorical arrangem5ts ( v]se1 #h note1 #ce 7,rule #da7 7,gloss47 ,my]s1 ,f4 7#ahdc-aija71 #abh1 #abi ,na%1 ,t4 7#aefg-afja71 #bch ,nativity hymn 7,milton's71 #cjh ,ne$y ,knife-,gr9d]1 ,!1 #abc1 #bib ,norton1 ,?omas 7#aecb-aehd71 #fc ,notes ( ,in/ruction 7,gascoigne's71 #bcd1 #bce1 #cje ,nut-br[n ,maid1 ,!1 #afd ,occleve1 #afb1 #aii ,octave1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #bjc-bje 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,octomet] 7,gloss47 ,octosyllable1 #dj & passim 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,octovian ,imp]ator1 #cce ,old ,engli% prosody1 see ,anglo-,saxon ,om> ,khayym1 #bag1 #cjc1 #ccb ,omond1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,s41 #bef1 #bfa1 #ccg1 #cci ,orison ( ,our ,lady1 #adj1 #ada1 #cba ,orm & ! ,ormulum1 #ad1 #ag1 #ch1 #adj1 #bbj1 #caj ,o',%aughnessy1 ,a4 ,e4 7#ahdd-ahha71 #bag1 #caj ,ossian1 #cc note1 #aii ,ottava rima 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,owl & ! ,night+ale1 ,!1 #ad1 #db1 #ade1 #bba ,pon 7,gloss47 ,palace ( ,art1 ,!1 #bji ,p>acelsus1 #baj ,p>adise ,lo/ & ,p>adise ,rega9$1 #agh-aha1 #cji ,pa/ime ( ,pleasure1 ,!1 #cje ,pat]no/]1 ! ,m4,e41 #acf1 #bbj ,patmore1 ,cov5try 7#ahbc-ahif71 #beh1 #cci ,paul9e1 #baj ,pause1 #cc & passim 7,gloss47 ,pause-foot1 #bc note1 #bha ,pe>l1 ,!1 #di1 #aeb ,peele1 ,george 7#aeeh8-aeig871 #fd1 #fe1 #agd1 #cjj1 #caj ,pemb]ton1 ,h4 7#afid-agga71 #bde1 #bdf ,p5tamet] 7,gloss47 ,p]cy1 ,bp4 7#agbi-ahaa71 #ge1 #ig1 #aig1 #aii1 #caj ,phae?on 7,mr4 ,m]$i?'s71 #bha ,ph>onnida1 #ahg1 #cja ,philips1 ,a4 7#afge8-agdi71 #aii ,phnix1 ,!1 #cg ,phnix ,ne/1 ,!1 #gb ,pi]s ,pl[man1 ,! ,vision (1 #di1 #aeb1 #aec1 #cjg ,pills to ,purge ,melan*oly1 #hb ,p9d>1 #cah ,p9d>ic1 #be 7,gloss47 ,poe1 ,edg> ,a4 7#ahji-ahdj71 #caj1 #cdj ,poet1 ,! 7,t5nyson's71 #bji1 #cjc ,polyolbion1 #afj1 #bff ,poole1 ,jo%ua 7fl4 c4 #afdj71 #bci ,pope1 ,alex4 7#afhh-agdd71 #bi1 #he-hg1 #aib-aid ,position 7,gloss47 ,p\lt]'s measure1 #ei1 #afg1 #bfg 7,gloss47 ,pra$1 ,w4 ,m4 7#ahjb-ahci71 #ib1 #aad1 #caj ,prick ( ,consci5ce1 #dg1 #cje1 #cba ,prior1 ,m4 7#affd-agba71 #hb1 #aid1 #caj ,proceleusmatic 7,gloss47 ,prologue to ,cant]bury ,tales1 #ej1 #ea ,prome!us ,unb\nd1 #bjd ,prov5al1 #bgc ,prov]bs ( ,alfr$1 #ada1 #bbj ,prov]bs ( ,h5dyng1 #adb1 #bba ,prud5tius1 #cah ,pult5ey1 ,w4 7#afhd-agfd71 #aad ,putt5ham1 ,g4 or ,r4 7bo? fl4 c4 #aefj-aeij71 #bcg1 #bda1 #cdj ,pyrrhic1 #ca 7,gloss47 ,quantity1 #bj sq4 & passim 7,gloss47 ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,!1 #beb ,qu>tet1 ,quatra9 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,que5 ,mab1 #bjc1 #cab ,que5 0 9 ! ,p>l\r1 ,!1 #cbf ,qu9tet 7,gloss47 ,qu9tilian1 #bhd note ,r$undance 7,gloss47 ,refra9 7,gloss47 ,reliques 7,p]cy's71 #aig1 #aii1 #caj ,revolt ( ,islam1 ,!1 #bjd ,rhyme1 #cc-cd & passim 7,gloss47 ,rhyme-royal1 #ej1 #ef1 #ahe1 #bae 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,rhym+ ,poem1 #acf ,rhy?m 7,gloss4 & passim7 ,ri*>d ,cur de ,lion1 #dc1 #dg ,rid+ ,rhyme1 #aeg 7,gloss47 ,rime c\e1 #dc1 #aej sq4 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/] 7#ac? c5tury71 #da1 #adi1 #bha1 #caa1 #cbe ,rob]t ,mann+ 7or ( ,brunne1 q4v471 #cbi ,romance 7,gloss47 ,romance-six1 #dc & passim 7,gloss4 & ,orig9-,li/7 ,romances1 !1 #adi ,rondeau1 ,rondel1 #abe 7,gloss47 ,roscommon1 ,w4 ,dillon1 ,e>l ( 7#afcc8-afhe71 #bda ,rose-*eek$ ,laura1 #gc1 #gd ,rossetti1 ,*ri/9a 7#ahcj-ahid71 #bi1 #bac1 #bic1 #caa ,rossetti1 ,d4 ,g4 7#ahbh-ahhb71 #abj1 #bac1 #bic1 #caa1 #ccc ,rusk91 ,mr4 7#ahai-aijj71 #bfj1 #cdj ,rym]1 ,t4 7#afda-agac71 #bda ,sackville1 ,?omas1 ,e>l ( ,dorset 7#aecf-afjh71 #aff note1 #caa1 #ccd ,/4 ,alexis1 #cca ,/4 ,eulalia1 #aea note1 #cba1 #cca ,/4 ,leg]1 #ccj note ,/4 ,paul1 #abh ,samson ,agoni/es1 #ahd1 #cji ,s&ys1 ,george 7#aegh-afdd71 #gh1 #gi1 #caa1 #cch ,sapphics1 #abd 7,gloss47 ,saturday ,review1 ,!1 #bfj ,savage1 ,r4 78-#agdc71 #aid ,say]s1 ,f4 7#agfc-ahag71 #id1 #ie1 #bjj1 #bej1 #cab ,s*ipp]1 ,dr41 #cdj ,scott1 ,alex4 7#aebh8-aehd871 #eg1 #afc ,scott1 ,sir ,walt] 7#agga-ahcb71 #ade1 #bjj1 #bja1 #cjj1 #cjg1 #cab ,seasons1 ,!1 #aie1 #aif ,section1 ,gue/'s & o!rs'1 #bed note 7,gloss47 ,s$ley1 ,sir ,*>les 7#afci-agja71 #ahi ,seeley1 ,j4 ,r41 #bei ,sept5>1 #dj 7,gloss47 ,septet 7,gloss47 ,se/et 7,gloss47 ,se/9e 7,gloss47 ,%akespe>e1 ,w4 7#aefd-afaf71 #ae1 #bh1 #bi1 #ff-fh1 #gi1 #hj1 #abi1 #acj1 #agd1 #age1 #aha-ahc1 #aia1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bgi1 #bhi1 #bic1 #bif1 #cjh1 #cab1 #cbd ,%elley1 ,p4 ,b4 7#agib-ahbb71 #bi1 #if1 #ajd1 #bjc-bje1 #bie1 #cjf1 #cab1 #cce ,%5/one1 ,w4 7#agad-agfc71 #ah note1 #ib1 #aac1 #adb1 #aid1 #bdg1 #cac1 #cdj ,%eph]d's ,kal5d>1 ,!1 #ae1 #fj1 #ade1 #afi-aga ,%]idan1 ,t4 7#agai-aghh71 #bdg ,%irley1 ,james 7#aeif-afff71 #fi1 #agf ,%ort1 #f & passim 7,gloss47 ,%ort l9es1 #cag ,%ort measure1 #afg 7,gloss47 ,sidney1 ,sir ,p4 7#aeed-aehf71 #afi1 #aga1 #bfg1 #cac1 #cbd ,siev]s1 ,dr41 #cg ,sigurd ! ,volsung & ,sigurd metre1 #aah1 #bae1 #cji1 #cbe ,s+le-m\ld$ 7,gloss47 ,sir ,?opas1 #adc1 #aee1 #afj1 #ccj ,sir ,tri/rem1 #de ,skeat1 ,pr(41 #aa note1 #bfj1 #cdj ,skelton1 ,john 7#adfj8-aebi71 #ed1 #afc1 #bbc1 #bib ,skeltonic1 #ed 7,gloss47 ,skyl>k 7,%elley's71 #bjd ,slur 7,gloss47 ,smi?1 ,pr(4 ,gregory1 #ccg ,song to a ,portuguese ,air1 #cji1 #cbe ,sonnet1 #afg1 #aga1 & passim 7,gloss47 ,sordello1 #baj ,s\!y1 ,r4 7#agdd-ahdc71 #be1 #ie1 #if1 #aba1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd1 #adc1 #ade1 #bjj1 #bej1 #bii1 #cac1 #cdj ,spani% poetry1 #bga1 #bgc ,sp$d+1 ,james 7#ahjh-ahha71 #cdj ,sp5s]1 ,e41 & ,sp5s]ian1 #ae1 #db1 #fj-fb1 #ge1 #aba1 #ade1 #aef1 #afi-agb1 #aid1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bcf1 #bib1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cjh1 #cac1 #cbd1 #cdj 7,orig9-,li/7 ,spondee1 #cj & passim 7,gloss47 ,/anyhur/1 ,r4 7#aedg-afah71 #bcf ,/anza or ,/ave 7,gloss47 ,/eel ,glass1 ,!1 #fe1 #agd1 #cje ,/eele1 ,jo%ua 7#agjj-agia71 #bdh1 #bdi1 #cdj ,/one1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,j4 #abc1 #bjj1 #bcf1 #cdj ,/ory ( ,!bes1 ,!1 #eb ,/ress1 ,bk4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 & passim 7,gloss47 ,/ress-unit1 #ai 7,gloss47 ,/rophe 7,gloss47 ,sub/itution1 #cb & passim 7,gloss47 ,suckl+1 ,sir ,john 7#afje-afdb71 #gj ,surrey1 ,e>l ( 7#aeag8-aedg71 #ae1 #ei1 #fc1 #aei1 #aff1 #bbc1 #bgc1 #cac ,swift1 ,jon4 7#affg-agde71 #aid ,sw9burne1 ,a4 ,c4 7#ahcf-aiji71 #bi1 #ib1 #ajj1 #ajc1 #aad1 #aae1 #aah-abj1 #abc1 #abd1 #bae-bag1 #beg1 #bfg1 #bfh note1 #bge1 #bhc1 #bhh1 #bib1 #caa1 #cac1 #cad1 #cbg-ccb ,syllables1 _! position 9 ,engli% prosody1 ,bk4 ,i4 ,*ap4 ,,iii4 & passim ,symonds1 ,j4 ,a1 7#ahdj-ahic71 #ab note1 #bei1 #cdj ,synalpha 7,gloss47 ,syncope 7,gloss47 ,synizesis 7,gloss47 ,syzygy 7,gloss47 ,tail$ sonnet 7,gloss47 ,tamburla9e1 #fd ,tasso 7,fairfax's71 #ahe1 #cjc1 #ccd ,taylor1 ,w4 7#agfe-ahcf71 #bjj1 #bej ,temple ( ,glass1 ,!1 #eb ,t5nyson1 ,"l 7#ahji-ahib71 #bd-bi1 #hb1 #ii1 #ajc1 #ajf-ajh1 #aaj-aab1 #aae-aaf1 #abd1 #abe1 #bjh-baj1 #beg1 #bff1 #bfh note1 #bgi1 #bhc1 #bhh1 #big1 #cad1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #ccf ,t]cet 7,gloss47 ,t]za rima1 #afg1 #cjg1 #cad 7,gloss47 ,tetramet] 7,gloss47 ,?alaba1 #if1 #ig1 #cac ,?aun1 ,ph4 de1 #aab1 #adc ,!alma & ,cle>*us1 #gf1 #ahg ,!lwall1 ,john 7#agfd-ahcd71 #beb1 #bgj1 #cdj ,!sis 7,gloss47 ,!tbaldus1 #adc ,?omson1 ,james 7,i47 7#agjj-agdh71 #hh1 #aie1 #aif ,?omson1 ,james 7,,ii47 7#ahcd-ahhb71 #bag1 #bah ,?omson1 ,mr4 ,william1 #ab note1 #bfa ,"t 7,gloss47 ,tottel's ,miscellany1 #afh ,t[nley ,plays1 #df ,tr5*1 ,ar*bi%op 7#ahjg-ahhf71 #beg ,tribra*1 #ca & passim 7,gloss47 ,triolet1 #abe 7,gloss47 ,triple 7,gloss47 ,triplet 7,gloss47 ,tro*ee1 #ca & passim 7,gloss47 ,troilus & ,criseyde1 #ej1 #bij1 #ccd ,truncation 7,gloss47 ,tumbl+ v]se1 #bcg 7,gloss47 ,turb]ville1 ,g4 7#aedh8-afaj871 #fj1 #afh ,turn ( words 7,gloss47 ,tuss]1 ,t4 7#aebd8-aehj71 #gd1 #afh1 #bcd1 #cad ,tyr:itt1 #bdh ,"u ! ,gre5wood ,tree1 #bh note1 #ahc note ,v5i ,r$emptor g5tium1 #ch ,v]non1 ,,ms41 #aee1 #cbb1 #cbc ,v]ri]4 ,m41 #ab note1 #ajj1 #cdj ,v]se 7,gloss47 ,v]sus caudatus1 #bia ,vie de ,/4 ,leg]1 #ccj note ,vilik9s & 8 ,d9ah1 #bhe ,vision ( ,judgm5t1 ,!1 #aba1 #bea1 #cac ,vision ( ,s91 ,!1 #bji ,v[el-music1 #ce 7,gloss47 ,voyage ( ,maeldune1 ,!1 #aaf ,wace1 #ach ,wadham1 ,mr4 ,e41 #beh1 #cdj ,walk]1 ,john 7( ! ,diction>y7 7#agcb-ahjg71 #beb ,walk]1 ,w4 ,sidney 7#agie-ahdf71 #beh ,wall]1 ,edm4 7#afjf-afhg71 #gh1 #caa1 #cad ,w>ton1 ,t4 7#agbh-agij71 #bjj1 #bfg ,watson1 ,t41 ,bi%op 7#aeac-aehd71 #abj ,watson1 ,t41 sonnete] 7#aeeg8-aeib71 #aga ,watts1 ,dr4 7#afgd-agdh71 #abc1 #bde1 #bib1 #cad ,weak end+ 7,gloss47 ,webb1 ,d4 7#agai-agih71 #bde ,webbe1 ,w4 7fl4 c4 #aehf71 #bcf1 #cdj ,:eel1 #dh1 #di 7,gloss47 ,:itman1 ,walt1 #cc note1 #cad ,william ( ,pal]ne1 #dh1 #bba ,william ( ,poiti]s1 #cce ,wit* ( ,atlas1 ,!1 #bjd1 #cce ,)]1 ,george 7#aehh-affg71 #ha1 #ahg ,wood=d1 ,dr4 ,s4 7#afcf-agjj71 #bdj ,wordswor?1 ,w4 7#aggj-ahej71 #ajd1 #bjj1 #bej1 #bea1 #cad ,wr5*$ acc5t 7,gloss47 ,wyatt1 ,sir ,t4 7#aejc8-aedb71 #ae1 #eg1 #eh1 #fa note1 #aei1 #aff1 #bbc1 #bie1 #cad ,wynn1 ,s\!y's lett] to1 #bej ,wynt\n 7#ae? c5tury71 #ee1 #bcc1 #bgd ,y>dley ,oak1 #aif ,york ,plays1 #de ,"y1 ,e4 7#afhc-agfe71 #hi ,zophiel1 #abi ,,! ,,end ,pr9t$ by ,r4 ,r4 ,,cl>k1 ,,limit$1 ,ed9burgh4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,9 a few cases :]e sid5otes ref] to new topics introduc$ )9 a long p>agraph1 an additional p>agraph break has be5 add$4 ,all footnotes h be5 r5umb]$ #a 444 #aha4 ,because ( ! numb] & ! l5g? ( "s footnotes1 all are pres5t$ at ! end ( ! *apt] or section to :i* !y ref]4 ,on page #hf 9 ! example 7#c7 f ! ,rape ( ! ,lock ! fir/ "p ( ea* l9e is angl$ up ! page1 & second "p ( ea* l9e is angl$ d[n4 ,:]e *anges h be5 made to ! text 7to correct m typographical errors7 ^! are li/$ z foll[s3 p4 #bi1 footnote #bd3 add$ miss+ op5+ quotation m>k 7,quantity7 p4 #ch3 add$ miss+ clos+ p>5!sis ar\nd p>agraph 7,grave ,poem4444 add$ 9 dots47 p4 #ed3 add$ p]iod to subtitle 7,examples ( ,skeltonic & o!r ,dogg]el47 p4 #eg3 add$ p]iod to subtitle 7 444 ,poets be=e ,sp5s]47 p4 #eh3 ! foot m>k]s 9 ! la/ l9e ( ! ,wyatt sonnet h be5 reposition$1 su* t ! orig9al ,= good is ? life end+ fai?fully4 reads ,= good is ? life end+ fai?fully4 p4 #ei3 f9al foot symbol 9 l9e #c ( ! example 9 p>agraph 7d7 0 mov$ f ! end ( ! l9e to ! expect$ position prec$+ ! dice1 z 9 444 :at *ance come on ! dice4 p4 #fc add$ miss+ foot symbol break+ ! ^w ,unhappy to l9e #aa ( ! example 9 p>agraph 7a7 ,unhappy %e t on no sleep c\ld *ance1 p4 #ff3 ! f9al foot symbol 9 l9e #d ( ! ,m>l[e sonnet mov$ f ,_! m9ds1 & muses1 on admird !mes2 to ! expect$ position ,_! m9ds1 & muses1 on admird !mes2 p4 #fg3 ! f9al foot symbol 9 l9e #h ( ! example 9 p>agraph 7#b7 0 mov$ f ,) worms t are ?y *amb]-maids2 ,o1 "h to ,) worms t are ?y *amb]-maids2 ,o1 "h p4 #fh3 note t ! diacritic ov] ! o' comb9es breve & macron1 :]eas a macron alone may be expect$ 9 ! context 7,trisyllabic at 444 ty '47 p4 #ga3 add$ ! miss+ f9al foot symbol f ! l9e ,:]e) %e tam$ ! br9ded lioness p4 #gd example 7#b73 note t no foot symbol is giv5 :]e expect$ at ! s5t5ce break 9 ,let my despair prevail6 ,o /ay1 hope is n sp5t4 p4 #gg example 7c7 fir/ l9e3 *ang$ fictions to ficti\s1 9 ,if ficti\s light ,i mix ) ,tru? ,div9e p4 #aje1 example 7d73 *ang$ f9al punctuation 7uncle> p]iod7 to comma ,if y'd be free o' ! /ove-side1 rock+-*air1 p4 #aah3 add$ miss+ close p>5!sis at end ( p>agraph 7,int5tionally irregul> 444 & "s "h47 p4 #agh1 footnote #hd1 example 7b73 *ang$ clos+ s+le quotation m>k to d\ble quotation m>k 7 444 we mu/ pron\nce spir't17 p4 #bbe3 add$ miss+ close p>5!sis 7z by ,sp5s] 444 & = hi/ory by ,drayton74 p4 #cce3 *ang$ ,emund to ,edmund 7! inv5tion ( ,edmund ,sp5s]7