,illu/ration3 ,cocoeiro ,palm ,a ,,j\rney ,,9 ,,brazil4 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,& ,,mrs4 ,,l\is ,,agassiz4 ,& :5ev] ! way seem$ long1 ,or 8 he>t began to fail1 ,%e w\ld s+ a m wond]ful song1 ,or tell a m m>vell\s tale4 ,,longfell[4 ,,bo/on3 ,,ticknor ,,& ,,fields4 #ahfh4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahfg1 by ,,ticknor ,,& ,,fields1 9 ! ,cl]k's ,(fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,massa*usetts4 ,,second ,,edition4 ,,univ]sity ,,press3 ,,wel*1 ,,bigel[1 ,,co41 ,,cambridge4 ,,to ,,mr4 ,,na?aniel ,,?ay]1 ,,! ,,fri5d ,,:o ,,made ,,x ,,possible ,,to ,,give ,,?is ,,j\rney ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,a ,,sci5tific ,,exp$ition1 ,! ,pres5t ,volume ,,is ,,gratefully ,,inscrib$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,preface4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahfe x became necess>y = me1 on acc\nt ( "s di/urbance ( my heal?1 to seek a *ange ( sc5e & climate1 ) re/ f "w4 ,europe 0 propos$2 b ?\gh !re is mu* enjoym5t = a naturali/ 9 contact ) ! active sci5tific life ( ! ,old ,_w1 !re is little intellectual re/4 ,t[>d ,brazil ,i 0 drawn by a lifelong desire4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,spix1 :5 a /ud5t ( tw5ty ye>s ( age1 ,i _h be5 employ$ by ,m>tius to describe ! fi%es !y _h br\ght back ) !m f _! celebrat$ ,brazilian j\rney4 ,f t "t1 ! wi% to /udy ?is fauna 9 ! regions :]e x belongs _h be5 an ev]-recurr+ ?\ght ) me2 a s*eme def]r$ = want ( opportunity1 b nev] q =gott54 ,! fact t ! ,emp]or ( ,brazil 0 deeply int]e/$ 9 all sci5tific und]tak+s1 & _h express$ a w>m sympa?y ) my ef=ts to e/abli% a great zological museum 9 ?is c\ntry1 aid+ me ev5 by s5d+ collections made expressly "u 8 ord] = ! purpose1 0 an additional inc5tive4 ,i knew t ! head ( ! gov]nm5t w\ld give me e facility = my inve/igations4 ,nev]!less1 tempt+ z 0 ! prospect ( a visit to ,brazil1 z a m]e vacation x _h little *>m = me4 ,s+le-h&$1 ,i c\ld make slight use ( ! opportunities ,i %\ld h2 & ?\gh ! excursion might be a pleasant "o = myself1 x w\ld h no important result = sci5ce4 ,i c\ld n =get t1 _h ,i only ! necess>y means1 ,i might make collections on ?is j\rney :i*1 :5ev] our build+ c\ld be s enl>g$ z to give room = _! exhibition1 w\ld place ! ,museum 9 ,cambridge on a level ) ! fir/ in/itutions ( ! k9d4 ,b = ?is a work+ =ce w\ld be ne$$1 & ,i saw no possibility ( provid+ = su* an und]tak+4 ,:ile ,i 0 brood+ ov] ^! ?\ghts ,i *anc$ to meet ,mr4 ,na?aniel ,?ay]1 :om ,i h ev] f\nd a g5]\s fri5d to sci5ce4 ,! idea ( appeal+ to him = a s*eme ( ?is magnitude _h n1 h[ev]1 occurr$ to me2 b he introduc$ ! subject1 &1 aft] express+ 8 int]e/ 9 my propos$ j\rney1 add$1 8,y wi%1 ( c\rse1 to give x a sci5tific "*2 take six assi/ants ) y1 & ,i w be responsible = all _! exp5ses1 p]sonal & sci5tific40 ,x 0 s simply said1 & seem$ to me s great a boon1 t at fir/ ,i h>dly believ$ ,i _h he>d him rightly4 ,9 ! end1 ,i _h cause to see 9 h[ l>ge & lib]al a s5se he pr(f]$ 8 support to ! exp$ition1 :i*1 z is usual 9 su* cases1 prov$ long] & m co/ly ?an 0 at fir/ anticipat$4 ,n only did he provide mo/ lib]ally = assi/ants1 b1 until ! la/ specim5 0 /or$ 9 ! ,museum1 he cont9u$ to advance :atev] sums 7 ne$$1 always desir+ me to in=m him %\ld any additional exp5ses occur on clos+ up ! affairs ( ! exp$ition4 ,x seems to me t ! good aris+ f ! k ( su* facts ju/ifies me 9 speak+ "h ( ^! g5]\s de$s1 accompli%$ s uno/5tati\sly t !y might o!rwise pass unnotic$4 ,all ob/acles ?us remov$ f my pa?1 ,i made my prep>ations = dep>ture z rapidly z possible4 ,! assi/ants ,i select$ to accompany me 7 ,mr4 ,james ,burkh>dt z arti/1 ,mr4 ,john ,g4 ,an?ony z con*ologi/1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,c4 ,h>tt & ,mr4 ,ore/es ,/4 ,john z geologi/s1 ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,all5 z orni?ologi/1 & ,mr4 ,george ,sceva z prep>ator4 ,beside ^!1 my p>ty 0 enl>g$ by sev]al volunte]s1 to :om ,i 0 indebt$ = assi/ance z untir+ & effici5t z if !y _h be5 engag$ = ! purpose4 ,^! 7 ,mr4 ,newton ,dext]1 ,mr4 ,william ,james1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,copel&1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,w>d1 ,mr4 ,walt] ,hunnewell1 & ,mr4 ,s4 ,v4 ,r4 ,?ay]4 ,i %\ld n omit to m5tion my bro!r-9-law1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,g4 ,c>y1 z "o ( my aids2 =1 ?\gh n nom9ally connect$ ) ! exp$ition1 he made collections = me at ,monte ,video1 ,bu5os ,ayres1 & o!r places4 ,i 0 also jo9$ by my fri5ds ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,cott+4 ,dr4 ,cott+1 l myself1 0 9 ne$ ( a vacation1 & x 0 8 int5tion to rema9 ) u = z long a "t z he c\ld sp>e f 8 pr(essional practice4 ,b ! climate prov$ unfavorable to 8 heal?1 & aft] pass+ a c\ple ( mon?s 9 ,rio1 & %>+ ) u all our excursions 9 t neighborhood1 he sail$ ) ,mrs4 ,cott+ = ,europe1 :]e !y pass$ ! summ]4 ,8 pres5ce ) u dur+ t "t 0 mo/ =tunate1 = x s happ5$ t ! only s]i\s cases ( illness we _h among u occurr$ be=e he left1 & 8 m$ical advice & c>e 7 ( great s]vice4 ,i lo/ ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,an?ony1 & ,mr4 ,all5 also1 e>ly 9 ! exp$ition2 _! heal?1 always delicate1 oblig+ !m to leave = home4 ,) ^! exceptions1 our work+ =ce rema9$ intact1 & ,i am happy to /ate t e memb] ( ! p>ty return$ 9 safety to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#a ,no soon] 0 ! ,brazilian ,exp$ition kn[n to ! public1 ?an ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,mr4 ,all5 ,mc,lane1 ,presid5t ( ! ,pacific ,mail ,/eam%ip ,company1 (f]+ to me & my :ole p>ty ! hospitality ( _! magnific5t %ip ! ,colorado1 !n j sail+ f ,new ,york = ! ,pacific coa/4 ,%e 0 go+ almo/ empty ( pass5g]s1 be+ b\nd by ! way ( ,cape ,horn = ,san ,francisco4 ,we left ,new ,york on bo>d ?is beautiful vessel1 on ! #a/ ( ,april1 #ahfe4 ,! record ( our delightful voyage to ,rio de ,janeiro w be f\nd 9 ! n>rative2 b ,i wi% "h publicly to ackn[l$ge my obligation to ,mr4 ,mc,lane = 8 g5]osity to ! exp$ition4 ,besides ! sympa?y accord$ me by private individuals1 ,i h to ?ank ! ,hon4 ,gideon ,welles1 ,secret>y ( ! ,navy1 = a g5]al ord]1 receiv$ on ! eve ( my dep>ture1 desir+ ! (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 :]ev] ,i %\ld fall 9 ) !m1 to af=d me su* assi/ance 9 my sci5tific rese>*es z w\ld n int]f]e ) ! regul> s]vice2 & ,i le>n$ at ,rio t ,mr4 ,sew>d _h w>mly recomm5d$ ! exp$ition to ,g5]al ,webb1 at t "t ,unit$ ,/ates ,m9i/] to ,brazil4 ,f9ally1 ,i w\ld express my ?anks also to ,messrs4 ,g>rison & ,all5 = ! free passage (f]$ to myself & my companions = our return1 on bo>d ! l9e ( /eam]s e/abli%$ betwe5 ,new ,york & ,rio de ,janeiro dur+ our /ay 9 ,brazil4 ,x w be se5 h]eaft] :at facilities 7 grant$ me ?r\gh\t ?is j\rney by ! ,brazilians !mselves1 & t ! und]tak+1 s w>mly spe$$ on its way1 0 welcom$ no less cordially 9 ! c\ntry to :i* x 0 b\nd4 ,"o ^w z to ! mann] 9 :i* ?is volume has gr[n into its pres5t %ape1 = x has be5 r ! natural gr[? ( circum/ances ?an ! result ( any preconceiv$ design4 ,p>tly = ! ent]ta9m5t ( h] fri5ds1 p>tly ) ! idea t ,i might make "s use ( x 9 knitt+ toge!r ! sci5tific reports ( my j\rney by a ?read ( n>rative1 ,mrs4 ,agassiz began ?is di>y4 ,i soon fell into ! habit ( giv+ h] daily ! m g5]al results ( my sci5tific obs]vations1 kn[+ t %e w\ld all[ no?+ to be lo/ :i* 0 wor? pres]v+4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is mode ( work+1 our sep>ate contributions h become s closely int]wov5 t we %\ld h>dly "k h[ to disconnect !m1 & our common j\rnal is !re=e publi%$1 ) ! exception ( a few unimportant *anges1 almo/ z x 0 orig9ally writt54 ,9 ?is volume ,i h attempt$ only to give su* an acc\nt ( my sci5tific "w & its results z w\ld expla9 to ! public :at 7 ! aims ( ! exp$ition1 & h[ f> !y h be5 accompli%$4 ,x is my hope to complete a "w1 already begun1 on ! ,natural ,hi/ory1 & especially on ! ,fi%es ( ,brazil1 9 :i* w be record$ n only my inve/igations dur+ ! j\rney & ^? ( my assi/ants 9 _! indep5d5t excursions1 b also ! rese>*es n[ regul>ly c>ri$ on 9 connection ) ! imm5se ,brazilian collections /or$ 9 ! ,museum at ,cambridge4 ,?is mu/1 h[ev]1 be ! sl[ labor ( _m ye>s1 & c only be publi%$ v gradually4 ,9 ! mean "t ,i hope t ?is =]unn] ( ! m special reports may s]ve to %[ t our ye> 9 ,brazil1 full z x 0 ( enjoym5t = all ! p>ty1 0 also ri* 9 p]man5t results = sci5ce4 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,!re is b "o sad record ,i h to make connect$ ) ?is j\rney4 ,my fri5d & companion ( _m ye>s1 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt1 di$ ab\t t5 mon?s aft] 8 return1 ( a disease :i*1 ?\gh n contract$ 9 ,brazil1 s9ce x 0 ( "s ye>s' /&+1 0 no d\bt aggravat$ by ! hot climate4 ,8 great desire to accompany me l$ him1 aga9/ my advice1 to und]take a j\rney :i*1 9 8 case1 0 a dang]\s "o4 ,he suff]$ v mu* dur+ our /ay on ! ,amazons1 b ,i c\ld n p]suade him to leave 8 "w2 & 9 ! foll[+ pages x w be se5 t 8 indu/ry 0 unflagg+4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,voyage ,,f ,,new ,,york ,,to ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro4 ,,page ,fir/ ,sunday at ,sea4--,gulf ,/ream4--,gulf-,we$4--,lectures propos$4--,fir/ ,lecture3 ,on ! ,gulf ,/ream 9 ! ,gulf ,/ream4--,aqu>ium e/abli%$ on bo>d4--,second ,lecture4--,r\gh ,sea4--,peculi> ,t9t ( ,wat]4--,?ird ,lecture3 ,lay+ out ,"w ( ,exp$ition 9 ,brazil2 ,di/ribution ( ,fi%es 9 ,brazilian ,riv]s2 its ,be>+ on ,orig9 ( ,species2 ,collect+ ( ,eggs4--,tropical ,sunset4--,f\r? ,lecture3 ,plan ( ,geological ,inve/igations ) special ref]5ce to ,glacial ,ph5om5a 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4--,fly+-,fi%4--,fif? ,lecture3 ,glacial ,ph5om5a1 cont9u$4--,second ,sunday at ,sea4--,r\gh ,wat]4--,six? ,lecture3 ,embryological ,inve/igations z a ,guide to s\nd ,classification4--,sev5? ,lecture4--,moonlight ,nights4--,trade-,w9ds4--,eigh? ,lecture3 ,importance ( ,precision 9 ,localiz+ ,specim5s4--,s\!rn ,cross4--,n9? ,lecture3 ,fre%-wat] ,fi%es ( ,brazil4--,ea/] ,sunday4--,fir/ ,sight ( ,s\? ,am]ican ,%ore4--,ol9da4--,p]nambuco4--,catam>ans 4--,t5? ,lecture3 ,me?ods ( ,collect+4--,elev5? ,lecture3 ,classification ( ,fi%es z illu/rat$ by ,embryology4--,prep>ations = ,arrival4--,twelf? ,lecture3 ,practical ,lesson 9 ,embryology4--,clos+ ,lecture3 ,transmutation ,!ory2 ,intellectual & ,political ,indep5d5ce4--,resolutions & ,spee*es4--,s+ul> ,r$ ,pat*es on ! ,surface ( ! ,sea #a-de ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro ,,& ,,its ,,environs4--,,juiz ,,de ,,=a4 ,arrival4--,aspect ( ,h>bor & ,city4--,cu/om-,h\se4--,fir/ ,glimpse ( ,brazilian ,life4--,negro ,dance4--,effect ( ,emancipation 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ^u ,slav]y 9 ,brazil4--,fir/ ,aspect ( ,rio de ,janeiro on ,l&4--,picturesque ,/reet ,gr\ps4--,eclipse ( ! ,sun4--,at ,home 9 ,rio4--,l>angeiras4--,passeio ,publico4--,excursion on ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad4--,visit ( ! ,emp]or to ! ,colorado4--,cordiality ( ! ,gov]nm5t to ! ,exp$ition4--,laboratory4--,botanical ,g>d54--,alley ( ,palms4--,excursion to ! ,corcovado4--,juiz de ,=a ,road4--,petropolis4--,tropical ,vegetation4--,ride f ,petropolis to ,juiz de ,=a4--,visit to ,s5hor ,lage4--,excursion to ! ,=e/ ( ! ,empress4--,visit to ,mr4 ,halfeld4--,return to ,rio4--,news ( ! ,great ,nor!rn ,victories1 & ( ! ,presid5t's ,assass9ation #df-gi ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,life ,,9 ,,rio ,,cont9u$4--,,faz5da ,,life4 ,botafogo4--,insane ,hospital4--,tijuca4--,erratic ,drift4--,vegetation4--,bir?day ,d9n]4--,arrangem5ts = ,p>ties to ! ,int]ior4--,public ,lectures 9 ,rio4--,procession ( ,/4 ,george4--,leave ,rio on ,excursion to ! ,=taleza de ,santa ,anna4--,localities = ,erratic ,drift betwe5 ,rio & ,petropolis4--,dep>ture f ,juiz de ,=a4--,arrival at ! ,faz5da4 ,ride 9 ! ,=e/4--,eve ( ,san ,joo4--,cupim ,ne/s4--,excursion to ! ,upp] ,faz5da4--,gr& ,hunt4--,picnic4--,c(fee ,plantation4--,return to ,rio4--,mimic ,sn[-,fields4--,c(fee ,insect sp9n+ its ,ne/4--,visit to ! ,faz5da ( ,comm5dador ,breves4--,botaniz+ ,excursion to ,tijuca4--,prep>ations = leav+ ,rio4--,major ,c\t9ho4--,collegio ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo4 #hj-abe ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,voyage ,,up ,,! ,,coa/ ,,to ,,p>4 ,on bo>d ! ,cruzeiro d ,sul4--,memb]s ( ! ,p>ty4--,arrival at ,bahia4--,day 9 ! ,c\ntry4--,return to ! ,/eam]4--,conv]sation ab\t ,slav]y 9 ,brazil4--,negro ,m>riages4--,maceio4--,p]nambuco4--,p>ah yba d ,norte4--,ramble on ,%ore4--,ce>4--,difficult ,l&+4--,brazilian ,ba?s4--,m>anham4--,assai ,palm4--,visit to ,orphan ,asylum4--,deta9$ 9 ,port4--,v>iety ( ,m$us4--,arrival ( ,am]ican ,gunboat4--,m ,m$us4--,d9n] on ,%ore4--,cordiality t[>d ! ,exp$ition4--,arrival at ,p>4--,k9d ,reception4--,environs ( ,p>4--,luxuriant ,gr[?4--,m>kets4--,indian ,boats4--,agreeable ,climate4--,excursion 9 ! ,h>bor4--,curi\s ,mu%room4--,success 9 collect+1 ) ! assi/ance ( our ,ho/ & o!r ,fri5ds4--,fi%es ( ! ,=e/s4--,public ,expressions ( ,sympa?y = ! ,exp$ition4--,g5]osity ( ! ,amazonian ,/eam%ip ,company4--,geological ,"* ( ! ,%ore f ,rio to ,p>4--,erratic ,drift4--,lett] to ! ,emp]or4 #abf-aea ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,f ,,p> ,,to ,,manaos4 ,fir/ ,sunday on ! ,amazons4--,geographical ,"q4--,conv5i5t ,arrangem5ts ( ,/eam]4--,va/ ,dim5sions ( ! ,riv]4--,aspect ( ,%ores4--,village ( ,breves4--,lett] ab\t ,collections4--,vegetation4--,v>iety ( ,palms4--,settlem5t ( ,tajapuru4--,enorm\s ,size ( ,leaves ( ! ,miriti ,palm4--,walk on ,%ore4--,indian ,h\ses4--,c\rtesy ( ,indians4--,r[ 9 ! ,=e/4--,t[n ( ,gurup4--,riv] ,x+u4--,color ( ,wat]4--,t[n ( ,porto d ,moz4--,flat-topp$ ,hills ( ,almeyrim4--,beautiful ,sunset4--,monte ,algre4--,"* ( ,sc5]y & ,soil4--,sant>em4--,s5d (f ,p>ty on ! ,riv] ,tapajoz4--,cont9ue up ! ,amazons4--,pa/oral ,sc5es on ! ,banks4--,t[n ( ,villa ,bella4--,canoe ,j\rney at ,night4--,esp]ana's ,cottage4--,picturesque ,sc5e at ,night4--,success 9 ,collect+4--,indian ,life4--,mak+ ,f>9ha4--,dance 9 ! ,ev5+4--,h[l+ ,monkeys4--,religi\s ,impressions ( ,indians4--,cottage ( ,maia4--,8 ,int]e/ 9 ,educat+ 8 ,*ildr54--,return to ,/eam]4--,sci5tific ,results ( ! ,excursion4 #aeb-ahd ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,life ,,at ,,manaos4--,,voyage ,,f ,,manaos ,,to ,,tabat+a4 ,arrival at ,manaos4--,meet+ ( ! ,solimo5s ) ! ,rio ,negro4--,dome/icat$ at ,manaos4--,return ( ,p>ty f ! ,tapajoz4--,g5]osity ( ,gov]nm5t4--,walks4--,wat]-,c>ri]s4--,in dian ,s*ool4--,leave ,manaos4--,life on bo>d ! ,/eam]4--,b>reira das ,cudajas4--,co>i4--,wood+4--,appe>ance ( ,banks4--,geological ,con/itution4--,=e/4--,sumaumeira-,tree4 --,arr[-,grass4--,r$ ,drift ,cliffs4--,s&-,bea*es4--,indian ,huts4--,turtle-,hunt+4--,dry+ ,fi%4--,teff4--,d\bts ab\t ! ,j\rney4--,unexpect$ ,advis]4--,fonte ,ba4--,geological ,"* ( ,banks4--,lakes4--,flocks ( ,wat] ,birds4--,tonant9s4--,picturesque ,gr\p+ ( ,indians4--,san ,paolo4--,l&-,slides4--,"* ( ,sc5]y4--,scanty ,population4--,animal ,life4--,tabat+a4--,aspect ( ! ,settlem5t4--,mosquitoes4--,leave "o ( ! ,p>ty to make ,collections4--,on our ,way d[n ! ,riv]4--,p>ty to ! ,riv]s ,ia & ,hyutahy4--,agr\nd 9 ! ,amazons4--,arrival at ,teff4 #ahe-baa ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,life ,,9 ,,teff4 ,aspect ( ,teff4--,situation4--,description ( ,h\ses4--,fi%+ ,excursion4--,a/oni%+ ,v>iety ( ,fi%es4--,ac>4--,sc>city ( ,labor]s4--,our ,indoors ,man4--,bruno4--,alex&r9a4--,pleasant ,walks4--,m&ioca-%$ 9 ! ,=e/4--,indian ,encampm5t on ! ,bea*4--,excursion to ,fi%+ ,lodge on ! ,solimo5s4--,amazonian ,bea*es4--,bre$+-,places ( ,turtles1 ,fi%es1 etc4--,adroitness ( ,indians 9 f9d+ !m4--,description ( a 8,sitio40--,indian ,clay-,eat]s4--,cuieira-,tree4--,fi% ,hunt4--,=e/ ,lake4--,wat] ,birds4--,success 9 ,collect+4--,ev5+ ,sc5e 9 ,sitio4--,alex&r9a z ,sci5tific ,aid4--,fi% ,anecdote4--,relations betwe5 ,fi%es z %[n by _! ,embryology4--,note ^u ! ,m>9e ,"* ( ! ,amazonian ,faun4--,ac>4--,news f ! ,p>ties 9 ! ,int]ior4--,return ( ,p>ty f ! ,ia4--,prep>ations = ,dep>ture4--,note on ,g5]al ,result ( ,sci5tific ,"w 9 ,teff4--,wait+ = ! ,/eam]4--,sket* ( ,alex&r9a4--,mocuim4--,?und]-,/orm4--,re piquete4--,geological ,obs]vations4 #bab-bej ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,return ,,to ,,manaos4--,,amazonian ,,picnic4 ,arrival at ,manaos4--,new ,qu>t]s4--,! ,ibicuhy4--,news f ,home4--,visit to ! ,cascade4--,banheiras 9 ! ,=e/4--,excursion to ,lake ,hyanu>y4--,"* & ,prospects ( ! ,amazonian ,valley4--,reception at ! ,lake4--,description ( ,sitio4--,successful ,fi%+4--,indian ,visitors4--,indian ,ball4--,"* ( ! ,danc+4--,di/urb$ ,night4--,canoe ,excursion4--,sc5]y4--,ano!r ,sitio4--,morals & ,mann]s4--,talk ) ! ,indian ,wom54--,life 9 ! ,=e/4--,life 9 ! ,t[ns4--,d9n]-,p>ty4--,toa/s4--,ev5+ ,r[ on ! ,lake4--,night ,sc5e4--,smok+ among ! ,s5horas4--,return to ,manaos4 #bea-bge ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,manaos ,,& ,,its ,,neighborhood4 ,photographic ,e/abli%m5t4--,indian ,portraits4--,excursion to ! ,great ,cascade4--,its ,geological ,=mation4--,ba?+ ,pool4--,p>asitic ,plants4--,return by ! ,ig>ap4--,public ,ball4--,sev]ity 9 ,recruit+1 & its ,effects4--,collect+ ,p>ties4--,sc5es ( ,indian ,life4--,fte ,*amptre at ! ,casa dos ,educ&os4--,prison at ,manaos4--,prison ,discipl9e on ! ,amazons4--,extracts f ,presid5tial ,reports on ?is ,subject4--,prison at ,teff4--,g5]al ,"* ( ,brazilian ,in/itutions4--,emp]or's ,bir?day4--,illum9ations & ,public ,fe/ivities4--,return ( ,collect+ ,p>ties4--,rem>ks on ! ,races4--,leave ,manaos = ,mauhes4 #bgf-cjj ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,excursion ,,to ,,mauhes ,,& ,,its ,,neighborhood4 ,leave ,manaos4--,on bo>d ! ,ibicuhy4--,navigation ( ! ,riv] ,ramos4--,aspect ( ! ,banks4--,arrival at ,mauhes4--,situation ( ,mauhes4--,tup9amb>anas4--,"* ( ,population4--,appe>ance ( ! ,villages ( ,mauhes4--,bolivian ,indians4--,gu>an4--,excursion to ,mucaja-,tuba4--,mundurucu ,indians4--,aspect ( ,village4--,*ur*4--,di/ribution ( ,pres5ts4--,g5]osity ( ! ,indians4--,_! ,indiff]5ce4--,visit to ano!r ,settlem5t4--,return to ,mauhes4--,arrival ( ,mundurucus 9 ! ,village4--,description ( ,tattoo+4--,collection4--,boto4--,indian ,sup]/itions4--,palm ,collection4--,walk 9 ! ,=e/4--,leave ,mauhes4--,mundurucu ,indian & 8 ,wife4--,_! ,mann]s & ,appe>ance4--,indian ,tradition4--,di/9ctions ( ,ca/e4 #cja-cba ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,return ,,to ,,manaos4--,,excursion ,,on ,,! ,,rio ,,negro4 ,*ri/mas ,eve at ,manaos4--,c]emonies ( ! ,indians4--,*ur*es on ! ,amazons4--,leave ,manaos = ! ,rio ,negro4--,curi\s ,riv] ,=mation4--,aspect ( ! ,riv]4--,its ,vegetation4--,scanty ,population4--,village ( ,taua ,passu4--,padre ( ! ,village4--,palms4--,village ( ,p$reira4--,indian ,camp4--,mak+ ,palm-?at*4--,sickness & ,want at ,p$reira4--,r[ 9 ! ,=e/4--,tropical ,%[]4--,geology ( ,p$reira4--,indian ,recruits4--,collection ( ,palms4--,extracts f ,mr4 ,agassiz's ,notes on ,vegetation4--,return to ,manaos4--,desolation ( ! ,rio ,negro4--,its future ,prospects4--,humboldt's ,anticipations4--,wild ,fl[]s4--,di/ribution ( ,fi%es 9 ! ,amazonian ,wat]s4--,h[ f> due to ,migration4--,hydrographic ,sy/em4--,alt]nation betwe5 ! ,rise & ,fall ( ! ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn ,tribut>ies4 #cbb-cej ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,d[n ,,! ,,riv] ,,to ,,p>4--,,excursions ,,on ,,! ,,coa/4 ,f>ewell ,visit to ! ,great ,cascade at ,manaos4--,*ange 9 its ,aspect4--,arrival at ,villa ,bella4--,return to ! ,h\se ( ! ,fi%]man ,maia4--,excursion to ! ,lago ,maximo4--,quantity ( ,game & ,wat]f[l4--,victoria regia4--,leave ,villa ,bella4--,arrive at ,obydos4--,its ,situation & ,geology4--,sant>em4--,visit to ! ,*ur*4--,anecdote ( ,m>tius4--,a ,r[ ov]l&4--,monte ,algre4--,picturesque ,sc5]y4--,banheiras4--,excursion into ! ,c\ntry4--,leave ,monte ,algre4--,anecdote ( ,indians4--,almeyrim4--,new ,geological ,facts4--,porto d ,moz4--,collections4--,gurup4--,tajapur4 --,arrive at ,p>4--,religi\s ,procession4--,excursion to ,m>ajo4--,s\rs4--,jesuit ,missions4--,geology ( ,m>ajo4--,buri$ ,=e/4--,vigia4--,ig>ap4--,vegetation & ,animal ,life4--,geology4--,return to ,p>4--,photograph+ ,plants4--,notes on ! ,vegetation ( ! ,amazons4--,preval5ce ( ,leprosy4 #cea-cif ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,physical ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,amazons4 ,drift ab\t ,rio de ,janeiro4--,decomposition ( und]ly+ ,rock4--,diff]5t ,aspect ( ,glacial ,ph5om5a 9 diff]5t ,cont95ts4--,f]tility ( ! ,drift4--,geological ,obs]vations ( ,messrs4 ,h>tt & ,/4 ,john4--,correspond5ce ( ,deposits along ! ,coa/ ) ^? ( ,rio & ^? ( ! ,valley ( ! ,amazons4--,primitive ,=mation ( ! ,valley4--,fir/ kn[n ,*apt] ( its ,hi/ory4--,cretace\s ,fossil ,fi%es4--,=m] ,ext5t ( ! ,s\?-,am]ican ,coa/4--,cretace\s ,fossils f ! ,rio ,purus4--,comp>ison betwe5 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4--,geological ,=mations along ! ,banks ( ! ,amazons4--,fossil ,leaves4--,clays & ,s&/ones4--,hills ( ,almeyrim4--,monte ,algre4--,situation & ,sc5]y4--,s]ra ( ,er]4--,comp>ison ) ,swiss ,sc5]y4--,b\ld]s ( ,er]4--,anci5t ,?ickness ( ,amazonian ,deposits4--,diff]5ce betwe5 ,drift ( ! ,amazons & t ( ,rio4--,inf]5ces drawn f ! pres5t ,condition ( ! ,deposits4--,imm5se ,ext5t ( ,s&/one ,=mation4--,nature & ,orig9 ( ^! ,deposits4--,ref]r$ to ! ,ice-,p]iod4--,abs5ce ( ,glacial ,m>ks4--,glacial ,evid5ce ( ano!r ,k9d4--,*anges 9 ! ,outl9e ( ! ,s\?-,am]ican ,coa/4--,s\r4--,ig>ap ,gr&e4--,vigia4--,bay ( ,braganza4--,anticipation4 #cig-dda ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,ce>4 ,leav+ ,p>4--,f>ewell to ! ,amazons4--,ease ( ,travell+ on ! ,amazons4--,r\gh ,passage4--,arrival at ,ce>4--,difficulty ( ,l&+4--,aspect ( ! ,t[n4--,ra9y ,season4--,consequ5t ,sickl9ess4--,our ,purpose 9 /opp+ at ,ce>4--,report ( ,dr4 ,felice ab\t ,mora9es4--,prep>ations = ,j\rney into ! ,int]ior4--,difficulties & ,delays 9 gett+ (f4--,on ! ,way4--,night at ,aran*o4--,bad ,roads4--,c>nauba ,palm4--,arrival at ,monguba4--,k9d ,reception by ,s5hor ,frankl9 de ,lima4--,geology ( ! ,region4--,ev5+ ,games & ,amusem5ts4--,pacatuba4--,traces ( anci5t ,glaci]s4--,s]ra ( ,aratanha4--,climb up ! ,s]ra4--,hospitality ( ,s5hor da ,co/a4--,picturesque ,views4--,! ,s]ta4--,dr\ght & ,ra9s4--,epidemics4--,return to ,monguba4--,deta9$ by extraord9>y ,ra9s4--,return to ,ce>4--,ov]fl[$ ,roads4--,difficulty ( =d+4--,arrival at ,ce>4--,lib]ality ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,prov9ce t[>d ! ,exp$ition4 #ddb-dfe ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,public ,,in/itutions ,,( ,,rio4--,,organ ,,m\nta9s4 ,voyage f ,ce>4--,fre%ets at ,p]nambuco4--,arrival at ,rio4--,collections4--,vegetation ab\t ,rio z comp>$ ) t on ! ,amazons4--,mis]icordia ,hospital4--,*>ities connect$ ) x4--,almsgiv+ 9 ,brazil4--,insane ,asylum4--,milit>y ,s*ool4--,! ,m9t4--,academy ( ,f9e ,arts4--,h]oism ( a ,negro4--,prim>y ,s*ool = ,girls4--,neglect$ ,education ( ,wom54--,bl9d ,asylum4--,lectures4--,"* ( a ,brazilian ,audi5ce4--,organ ,m\nta9s4--,walk up ! ,s]ra4--,!resopolis4--,visit to ! ,/4 ,l\is ,faz5da4--,climate ( ,!resopolis4--,desc5t ( ! ,s]ra4--,geology ( ! ,organ ,m\nta9s4--,! ,la/ ,^w4 #dff-did ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,g5]al ,,impressions ,,( ,,brazil4 ,religion & ,cl]gy4--,education4--,law1 ,m$ical1 & ,sci5tific ,s*ools4--,high & ,common ,s*ools4--,public ,libr>y & ,museum 9 ,rio de ,janeiro4--,hi/orical & ,geographical ,in/itute4--,social & ,dome/ic ,relations4--,public ,function>ies4--,agriculture4--,zones ( ,vegetation4--,c(fee4--,cotton4--,timb] & o!r ,products ( ! ,amazons4--,cattle4--,t]ritorial ,subdivision ( ! ,great ,valley4--,emigration4--,=eign]s4--,p>ag uayan ,w>4 #die-eag ,,app5dix4 ,i4 ,! ,gulf ,/ream #eai ,,ii4 ,fly+-,fi%es #ebb ,,iii4 ,resolutions pass$ on bo>d ! ,colorado #ebe ,,iv4 ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo ,railroad #ebg ,v4 ,p]man5ce ( ,*>act]i/ics 9 diff]5t ,human ,species #ebi ,,vi4 ,sket* ( ,sep>ate ,j\rneys und]tak5 by diff]5t ,memb]s ( ! ,exp$ition #ecc ,,li/ ,,( ,,woodcuts4 ,,cocoeiro ,,palm ,,frontispiece ,a species ( ,attalea common 9 ! ,s]ra d',e/rella4 ,x be>s two or ?ree l>ge bun*es ( olive-l b]ries1 hang+ imm$iately bel[ ! cr[n ( leaves4 ,! upp] "p ( ! /em is (t5 ov]gr[n ) p>asites1 z 9 ! specim5 repres5t$ "h4 ,f a photograph by ,g4 ,leuz+]4 ,page ,,tree ,,entw9$ ,,by ,,sipos #ed ,!re are a great _m p>asites1 ! /em & roots ( :i* are atta*$ to l>g] trees2 ?is woodcut repres5ts "o ( ^? /range 8tree-kill]s10 z !y are call$ by ! natives1 belong+ to ! family ( ! ,fig-trees1 :i*1 beg9n+ _! gr[? among ! upp] bran*es ( trees1 gradually desc5d to ! gr\nd1 ?r[ out bran*es ar\nd ! /em !y attack1 & 9 ! end kill x 9 _! embrace4 ,on ! "r are ,lianas1 f :i* hang p>asitic fl[]s4 ,f a photograph by ,g4 ,leuz+]4 ,,side ,,view ,,( ,,! ,,alley ,,( ,,palms #fj ,"p ( ! ,botanical ,g>d5 9 ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,9 ! =egr\nd a ,p&anus cov]$ ) fruits4 ,! ,palms /&+ 9 pairs 9 ! great alley are commonly call$ ,palma ,real4 ,_! botanical "n is ,oreodoxa ol]acea4 ,! peak ( ,corcovado =ms ! backgr\nd4 ,f a photograph by ,messrs4 ,/ahl ,wahns*affe4 ,,vi/a ,,d[n ,,! ,,alley ,,( ,,palms #fa ,! objects are ! same z 9 ! prec$+ woodcut1 only se5 at "r angles1 to af=d a view d[n ! alley4 ,f a photograph by ,messrs4 ,/ahl ,wahns*affe4 ,,botafogo ,,bay #ha ,! great s\!a/]n bay 9 ! h>bor ( ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,! highe/ peak 9 ! c5tre is ! ,corcovado1 at ! foot ( :i* /& ! ,insane ,asylum & ! ,milit>y ,s*ool4 ,on ! left are ! ,gavia & ! ,sug>-,loaf2 on ! "r1 ,tijuca4 ,a bea* runs all r\nd ! bay4 ,f a photograph by ,g4 ,leuz+]4 ,,m9a ,,negress #hc ,f a photograph by ,messrs4 ,/ahl ,wahns*affe4 ,,m9a ,,negress ,,& ,,*ild #hd ,f a photograph by ,messrs4 ,/ahl ,wahns*affe4 ,,fall5 ,,trunk ,,ov]gr[n ,,by ,,p>asites #ia ,a comp>ison ) ! woodcut fac+ p4 #ed w %[ h[ p>asites gr[+ ^u liv+ trees diff] f ^? spr++ f dead trunks4 ,f a photograph by ,g4 ,leuz+]4 ,,faz5da ,,de ,,santa ,,anna1 ,,9 ,,m9as ,,g]aes #ajc ,! level gr\nds 9 front ( ! build+s are us$ = dry+ ! c(fee4 ,f a photograph by ,s5hor ,ma*ado4 ,,esp]an,a',s ,,cottage #agi ,f a wat]-color$ pa9t+ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,burkh>dt4 ,,v]&a ,,& ,,d9+-,,room ,,at ,,teff #bad ,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,burkh>dt4 ,,head ,,( ,,alex&r9a #bde ,extraord9>y z ! head ( hair ( ?is girl may seem1 x is 9 no way exagg]at$2 x /ood six in*es beyond ! %\ld]s ea* way4 ,f a sket* by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,james4 ,,d9+-,,room ,,at ,,hyanu>y #beh ,! palm on ! left is a ,pupunha 7,guilielma speciosa72 ! l>ge-leav$ trees back ( ! build+ are ,bananas1 & ! ,palm on ! "r a ,jav>i 7,a/roc>yum ,jav>i74 ,f a wat]-color$ pa9t+ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,burkh>dt4 ,,mauhes ,,riv] #cjd ,! ,palm 9 ! =egr\nd is a ,mucaja 7,acrocomia lasiospa?a72 ne> ! f5ce /& ,banana-trees1 & 9 ! di/ance on ! "r a ,tucuma ,palm 7,a/roc>yum ,tucuma74 ,f a wat]-color$ pa9t+ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,burkh>dt4 ,,mundurucu ,,indian2 male #cac ,f a photograph by ,dr4 ,gu/avo1 ( ,manaos4 ,,mundurucu ,,indian2 female #cad ,also f a photograph by ,dr4 ,gu/avo1 ( ,manaos4 ,,fan ,,bacc,,ba #cce ,?is ,palm1 call$ noc>pus di/y*ius by botani/s1 is rem>kable = ! arrangem5t ( its leaves1 :i* are plac$ opposite to ea* o!r on two sides ( ! trunk1 & high] & high] alt]nately1 s t1 se5 f "o side1 ! two r[s ( leaves are equally visible1 & h ! appe>ance ( a wide fan2 se5 9 pr(ile1 !y look l a n>r[ plume4 ,f a draw+ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,burkh>dt4 ,,sumaumeira #cia ,?is colossal tree is kn[n to botani/s "u ! "n ( ,eriod5drum ,sumauma1 & may be se5 ev]y:]e 9 ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons4 ,f a photograph pres5t$ by ,s5hor ,pim5ta ,bu5o4 ,,g>rafa1 among ! ,organ ,m\nta9s #dhf ,?is peak is call$ ! ,f+] by ! ,engli% resid5ts ( ,rio4 ,! ,brazilians lik5 x to a bottle4 ,f a photograph by ,g4 ,leuz+]4 ,,organ ,,m\nta9s #dij ,! loose b\ld] allud$ to 9 ! text /&s on ! f\r? peak f ! left4 ,f a photograph by ,g4 ,leuz+]4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,a ,,j\rney ,,9 ,,brazil4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,voyage ,,f ,,new ,,york ,,to ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro4 ,,fir/ ,,sunday ,,at ,,sea4--,,gulf ,,/ream4--,,gulf-,,we$4--,,lectures ,,propos$4--,,fir/ ,,lecture3 8,,on ,,! ,,gulf ,,/ream ,,9 ,,! ,,gulf ,,/ream40--,,aqu>ium ,,e/abli%$ ,,on ,,bo>d4--,,second ,,lecture4--,,r\gh ,,sea4--,,peculi> ,,t9t ,,( ,,wat]4--,,?ird ,,lecture3 ,,lay+ ,,out ,,"w ,,( ,,exp$ition ,,9 ,,brazil2 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,fi%es ,,9 ,,brazilian ,,riv]s2 ,,its ,,be>+ ,,on ,,orig9 ,,( ,,species2 ,,collect+ ,,( ,,eggs4--,,tropical ,,sunset4--,,f\r? ,,lecture3 ,,plan ,,( ,,geological ,,inve/igations ,,) ,,special ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,glacial ,,ph5om5a ,,9 ,,s\? ,,am]ica4--,,fly+-,,fi%4--,,fif? ,,lecture3 ,,glacial ,,ph5om5a1 ,,cont9u$4--,,second ,,sunday ,,at ,,sea4--,,r\gh ,,wat]4--,,six? ,,lecture3 ,,embryological ,,inve/igations ,,z ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,s\nd ,,classification4--,,sev5? ,,lecture4--,,moonlight ,,nights4--,,trade-,,w9ds4--,,eigh? ,,lecture3 ,,importance ,,( ,,precision ,,9 ,,localiz+ ,,specim5s4--,,s\!rn ,,cross4--,,n9? ,,lecture3 ,,fre%-,,wat] ,,fi%es ,,( ,,brazil4--,,ea/] ,,sunday4--,,fir/ ,,sight ,,( ,,s\? ,,am]ican ,,%ore4--,,ol9da4--,,p]nambuco4--,,catam >ans4--,,t5? ,,lecture3 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,collect+4--,,elev5? ,,lecture3 ,,classification ,,( ,,fi%es1 ,,z ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,embryology4--,,prep>ations ,,= ,,arrival4--,,twelf? ,,lecture3 ,,practical ,,lesson ,,9 ,,embryology--,,clos+ ,,lecture3 ,,transmutation ,,!ory2 ,,intellectual ,,& ,,political ,,indep5d5ce4--,,resolutions ,,& ,,spee*es4--,,s+ul> ,,r$ ,,pat*es ,,on ,,! ,,surface ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,april #b;d1 #ahfe4--,our fir/ ,sunday at sea4 ,! wea!r is delici\s1 ! %ip z /eady z any?+ on ! wat] c be1 & ev5 ! mo/ =lorn ( our p>ty h little excuse = sea-sickness4 ,we h _h s]vice f ,bi%op ,pott] ?is morn+1 & s9ce !n we h be5 on deck read+1 walk+1 wat*+ a s+ul> cl\d1 :i* ! capta9 says is a cl\d ( smoke1 9 ! direction ( ,pet]sburg4 ,we ?9k x may be ! smoke ( a great decisive engagem5t go+ on :ile we sail peacefully along4 ,:at x means1 or h[ ! battle ends1 if battle x be1 we %all n "k = two mon?s p]haps4#b ,mr4 ,agassiz is busy to-day 9 tak+ notes1 at regul> int]vals1 ( ! temp]ature ( ! wat]1 z we approa* ! ,gulf ,/ream4 ,to-night we cut x at "r angles1 & he w rema9 on deck to cont9ue 8 obs]vations4 ,april #c;d4--,! ,pr(essor sat up la/ night z he int5d$1 & f\nd 8 wat*1 :i* 0 %>$ by "o or two ( 8 "y assi/ants1 v int]e/+4 ,we cross$ ! ,gulf ,/ream opposite ,cape ,hatt]as1 at a latitude :]e x is comp>atively n>r[1 "s sixty miles only 9 bread?4 ,ent]+ x at ab\t six o'clock1 we pass$ out ( x a little aft] midnight4 ,! we/]n b\nd>y ( ! w>m wat]s /ret*+ along ! coa/ _h a temp]ature ( ab\t #eg4 ,imm$iately aft] ent]+ x1 ! temp]ature began to rise gradually1 ! maximum be+ ab\t #gd1 fall+ occasionally1 h[ev]1 :5 we pass$ ?r\gh a cold /reak1 to #fh4 ,^! cold /reaks 9 ! ,gulf ,/ream1 :i* rea* to a consid]able dep?1 ! w>m & cold wat]s desc5d+ toge!r 9 imm$iate contact = at lea/ a hundr$ fa?oms1 are attribut$ by ,dr4 ,ba*e to ! fact t ! ,gulf ,/ream is n /ation>y4 ,x sways z a :ole sometimes a little t[>d ! %ore1 sometimes a little away f x1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! cold] wat] f ! coa/ creeps 91 =m+ ^! v]tical lay]s 9 its mid/4 ,! ea/]n b\nd>y is w>m] ?an ! we/]n "o1 = ! latt] is *ill$ by ! ,arctic curr5ts1 :i* =m a b& ( cold wat] all along ! ,atlantic %ore4 ,_! influ5ce is felt ne>ly to ! latitude ( ,florida4 ,on com+ out ( ! ,gulf ,/ream ! temp]ature ( ! wat] 0 #fh1 & s x cont9u$ = an h\r long]1 aft] :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz ceas$ 8 obs]vations4 ,to-day "s ( ! gulf-we$ 0 ga!r$ by a sailor1 & we f\nd x cr[d$ ) life4 ,hydroids1 9 numb]s1 _h _! home ^u x2 ! delicate bran*+ plumul>ia & a pretty campanul>ia1 v l "s ( our ,new ,engl& species2 beside ^!1 bryozoa1 t9y comp\nd mollusks1 cru/$ its /em1 & b>nacles 7 abundant ^u x4 ,^! are all ! wond]s t ! deep has yield$ u to-day1 ?\gh ! pretty ,portuguese m5-(-w> g float+ by ! vessel1 out ( rea* ?us f>4 ,su* are ! ev5ts ( our life3 we eat & dr9k & sleep1 read1 /udy ,portuguese1 & write up our j\rnals4 ,april #d?4--,x has occurr$ to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 z a means ( prep>+ ! "y m5 :o accompany him = ! "w be=e !m1 to give a c\rse ( lectures on %ip-bo>d4 ,"s prep>ation ( ! k9d is ! m necess>y1 s9ce mu* ( ! "w mu/ be done indep5d5tly ( him1 z x w be impossible = s l>ge a p>ty to travel toge!r2 & ! in/ructions ne$$ w be m easily giv5 9 a daily lecture to all1 ?an 9 sep>ate conv]sations ) ea* "o s+ly4 ,! idea f9ds g5]al favor4 ,! l>ge saloon makes an excell5t lecture-room2 a c\ple ( leaves f ! d9+-table ) a black oil-clo? /ret*$ across !m s]ve z a blackbo>d4 ,! audi5ce consi/s1 n only ( our own company1 b includes ! few ladies :o are on bo>d1 ,mr4 ,bradbury1 ! capta9 ( our /eam]1 ,bi%op ,pott]1 "s ( ! %ip's (fic]s1 & a few additional pass5g]s1 all ( :om seem to ?9k ! lecture a pleasant break 9 ! monotony ( a sea voyage4 ,to-day ! subject 0 naturally sugge/$ by ! seawe$s ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 s rec5tly caught & s cr[d$ ) life1--8,a lecture on ! ,gulf ,/ream 9 ! ,gulf ,/ream10 z "o ( ! li/5]s sugge/s4 ,x 0 op5$1 h[ev]1 by a few words on ! exceptional "* ( ! position ( ?is sci5tific commission on bo>d ! ,colorado4 8,fifty ye>s ago1 :5 naturali/s c>ri$ _! inve/igations to di/ant l&s1 ei!r gov]nm5t 0 oblig$ to provide an exp5sive outfit = !m1 or1 if !y _h no su* patronage1 scanty opportunities grudg+ly giv5 might be grant$ !m on ord9>y conveyances4 ,ev5 if su* accommodation 7 all[$ !m1 _! pres5ce 0 look$ ^u z a nuisance3 no g5]al int]e/ 0 felt 9 _! objects2 x 0 mu* if !y 7 p]mitt$1 on bo>d "s vessel1 to h _! bucket ( specim5s 9 a corn]1 :i* any sailor might kick ov]1 unreprov$1 if x *anc$ to /& 9 8 way4 ,?is %ip1 & ! _s prevail+ 9 h] comm&1 op5s to me a vi/a su* z ,i nev] dream$ ( till ,i /ood ^u h] deck4 ,"h1 9 place ( ! meagre *ances ,i rememb] 9 old times1 ! facilities c\ld h>dly be great] if ! %ip _h be5 built z a sci5tific laboratory4 ,if any su* occasion has ev] be5 kn[n be=e1 if any naturali/ has ev] be5 treat$ ) su* consid]ation1 & f\nd su* intellig5t appreciation ( 8 highe/ aims1 on bo>d a m]*ant-%ip fitt$ up = purposes ( trade1 ,i am n aw>e ( x4 ,i hope ! fir/ trip ( ! ,colorado w be rememb]$ 9 ! annals ( sci5ce4 ,i1 at lea/1 %all "k :om to ?ank = an opportunity s unique4 ,?is voyage1 & ! circum/ances connect$ ) x1 are1 to me1 ! signs ( a good "t com+2 :5 m5 ( diff]5t int]e/s w help ea* o!r2 :5 naturali/s w be m lib]al & sailors m cultivat$1 & natural sci5ce & navigation w "w h& 9 h&4 ,& n[ = my lecture1--my fir/ lecture on %ip-bo>d40 ,! lecture 0 giv51 ( c\rse1 specim5 9 h&1 ! v>i\s inhabitants ( ! bran* ( seawe$ giv+ _! evid5ce 9 succession ( _! own /ructure & way ( life4 ,to ^! liv+ illu/rations 7 add$ draw+s on ! blackbo>d to %[ ! trans=mations ( ! animals1 _! embryological hi/ory1 c4#c ,s9ce ! lecture1 ,capta9 ,bradbury has fitt$ up a l>ge tank z an aqu>ium1 :]e any specim5s tak5 dur+ ! voyage may be pres]v$ & exam9$4 ,mr4 ,agassiz is p]fectly happy1 enjoy+ e h\r ( ! voyage1 z well he may1 surr\nd$ z he is ) su* consid]ate k9dness4 ,april #f?4--,?\gh ,i took notes1 z usual1 ( ! lecture ye/]day1 ,i _h n en]gy en\gh to ent] !m 9 my j\rnal4 ,! subject 0 ! ,gulf ,/ream1--! /ream itself ?is "t1 n ! animals x c>ries along ) x4 ,mr4 ,agassiz's late obs]vations1 ?\gh deeply int]e/+ to himself1 inasmu* z p]sonal confirmation ( facts already kn[n is always satisfactory1 h no?+ novel n[-a-days2 yet ! hi/ory ( ! facts connect$ ) ! discov]y ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 & _! gradual developm5t1 is always attractive1 & especially s to ,am]icans1 on acc\nt ( its direct connection ) sci5tific inve/igations c>ri$ on "u our gov]nm5t4 ,mr4 ,agassiz gave a slight sket* ( ?is 9 op5+ 8 lecture4 8,x 0 ,frankl9 :o fir/ sy/ematically obs]v$ ^! facts1 ?\gh !y _h be5 notic$ long be=e by navigators4 ,he record$ ! temp]ature ( ! wat] z he left ! ,am]ican cont95t = ,europe1 & f\nd t x cont9u$ cold = a c]ta9 di/ance1 !n rose sudd5ly1 & aft] a giv5 "t sank aga9 to a l[] temp]ature1 ?\gh n s l[ z be=e4 ,) ! compreh5sive grasp ( m9d *>act]i/ic ( all 8 sci5tific results1 he w5t at once beyond 8 facts4 ,he inf]r$ t ! w>m curr5t1 keep+ its way s /eadily ?r\gh ! broad ,atlantic1 & c>ry+ tropical productions to ! nor!rn %ores ( ,europe1 mu/ take its rise 9 tropical regions1 mu/ be heat$ by a tropical sun4#d ,?is 0 8 inf]5ce3 to "w x out1 to asc]ta9 ! orig9 & c\rse ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 has be51 9 a great degree1 ! task ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,coa/ ,survey1 "u ! direction ( 8 desc5dant1 ,dr4 ,ba*e40#e ,we are n[ fairly 9 ! tropics4 8,! trades0 bl[ heavily1 & ye/]day 0 a dre>y day = ^? unus$ to ! ocean2 ! beautiful blue wat]1 ( a peculi> metallic t9t1 z rem>kable 9 color1 x seem$ to me1 z ! wat] ( ! ,lake ( ,g5eva1 did n console u = ! heavy moral & physical depression ( sea-sick mortals4 ,to-day ! _w looks bright]2 !re is a good deal ( motion1 b we are m accu/om$ to x4 ,?is morn+ ! lecture _h1 = ! fir/ "t1 a direct be>+ ^u ! "w ( ! exp$ition4 ,! subject 01 8,h[ to obs]ve1 & :at are ! objects ( sci5tific explorations 9 mod]n times40 8,my companions & myself h come toge!r s sudd5ly & s unexpect$ly on our pres5t err&1 t we h _h little "t to organize our "w4 ,! lay+ out ( a g5]al s*eme ( op]ations is1 !re=e1 ! fir/ & "o ( ! mo/ important po9ts to be discuss$ betwe5 u4 ,! "t = great discov]ies is pass$4 ,no /ud5t ( nature goes out n[ expect+ to f9d a new _w1 or looks 9 ! heav5s = any new !ory ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,! "w ( ! naturali/1 9 our day1 is to explore worlds ! exi/5ce ( :i* is already kn[n2 to inve/igate1 n to discov]4 ,! fir/ explor]s1 9 ?is mod]n s5se1 7 ,humboldt 9 ! physical _w1 ,cuvi] 9 natural hi/ory1 ,lavoisi] 9 *emi/ry1 ,la ,place 9 a/ronomy4 ,!y h be5 ! pione]s 9 ! k9d ( sci5tific "w *>act]i/ic ( our c5tury4 ,we :o h *os5 ,brazil z our field mu/ seek to make ourselves famili> ) its physical features1 its m\nta9s & its riv]s1 its animals & plants4 ,!re is a *ange1 h[ev]1 to be introduc$ 9 our mode ( "w1 z comp>$ ) t ( =m] inve/igators4 ,:5 less 0 kn[n ( animals & plants ! discov]y ( new species 0 ! great object4 ,?is has be5 c>ri$ too f>1 & is n[ almo/ ! l[e/ k9d ( sci5tific "w4 ,! discov]y ( a new species z su* does n *ange a feature 9 ! sci5ce ( natural hi/ory1 any m ?an ! discov]y ( a new a/]oid *anges ! "* ( ! problems to be inve/igat$ by a/ronom]s4 ,x is m]ely add+ to ! enum]ation ( objects4 ,we %\ld look r = ! fundam5tal relations among animals2 ! numb] ( species we may f9d is ( importance only s f> z !y expla9 ! di/ribution & limitation ( diff]5t g5]a & families1 _! relations to ea* o!r & to ! physical conditions "u :i* !y live4 ,out ( su* inve/igations !re looms up a deep] "q = sci5tific m51 ! solution ( :i* is to be ! mo/ important result ( _! "w 9 com+ g5]ations4 ,! orig9 ( life is ! great "q ( ! day4 ,h[ did ! organic _w come to be z x is8 ,x mu/ be our aim to ?r[ "s light on ?is subject by our pres5t j\rney4 ,h[ did ,brazil come to be inhabit$ by ! animals & plants n[ liv+ !re8 ,:o 7 its inhabitants 9 pa/ times8 ,:at reason is !re to believe t ! pres5t condition ( ?+s 9 ?is c\ntry is 9 any s5se d]iv$ f ! pa/8 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ?is inve/igation mu/ be to asc]ta9 ! geographical di/ribution ( ! pres5t animals & plants4 ,suppose we fir/ exam9e ! ,rio ,san ,francisco4 ,! bas9 ( ?is riv] is entirely isolat$4 ,are its inhabitants1 l its wat]s1 completely di/9ct f ^? ( o!r bas9s8 ,are its species peculi> to itself1 & n repeat$ 9 any o!r riv] ( ! cont95t8 ,extraord9>y z ?is result w\ld seem1 ,i nev]!less expect to f9d x s4 ,! next wat]-bas9 we %all h to exam9e w be t ( ! ,amazons1 :i* connects ?r\gh ! ,rio ,negro ) ! ,or9oco4 ,x has be5 frequ5tly repeat$ t ! same species ( fi% exi/ 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,san ,francisco & 9 ^? ( ,guiana & ( ! ,amazons4 ,at all ev5ts1 our works on fi%es con/antly indicate ,brazil & ,guiana z ! common home ( _m species2 b ?is obs]vation has nev] be5 made ) suffici5t accuracy to m]it confid5ce4 ,fifty ye>s ago ! exact locality f :i* any animal came seem$ an unimportant fact 9 its sci5tific hi/ory1 = ! be>+ ( ?is "q on t ( orig9 0 n !n p]ceiv$4 ,to say t any specim5 came f ,s\? ,am]ica 0 q en\gh2 to specify t x came f ,brazil1 f ! ,amazons1 ! ,san ,francisco1 or ! ,la ,plata1 seem$ a m>vell\s accuracy 9 ! obs]v]s4 ,9 ! museum at ,p>is1 = in/ance1 !re are _m specim5s ent]$ z com+ f ,new ,york or f ,p>2 b all t is absolutely kn[n ab\t !m is t !y 7 %ipp$ f ^? sea-ports4 ,nobody kn[s exactly :]e !y 7 collect$4 ,s !re are specim5s ent]$ z com+ f ! ,rio ,san ,francisco1 b x is by no means sure t !y came exclusively f t wat]-bas94 ,all ?is k9d ( inve/igation is f> too loose = our pres5t object4 ,our "w mu/ be done ) mu* m precision2 x mu/ tell some?+ positive ( ! geographical di/ribution ( animals 9 ,brazil4 ,!re=e1 my "y fri5ds :o come ) me on ?is exp$ition1 let u be c>eful t e specim5 has a label1 record+ locality & date1 s secur$ t x %all rea* ,cambridge safely4 ,x w\ld be /ill bett] to atta* two labels to ea* specim51 s t1 if any mis*ance happ5s to "o1 our record may n be lo/4 ,we mu/ try n to mix ! fi%es ( diff]5t riv]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y fl[ into ea* o!r1 b to keep our collections p]fectly di/9ct4 ,y w easily see ! va/ importance ( ?us asc]ta9+ ! limitation ( species1 & ! be>+ ( ! result on ! great "q ( orig94 8,some?+ is already kn[n4 ,x is asc]ta9$ t ! ,s\? ,am]ican riv]s possess "s fi%es peculi> to !m4 ,7 ^! fi%es !n creat$ 9 ^! sep>ate wat]-sy/ems z !y n[ exi/1 or h !y be5 transf]r$ ?i!r f "s o!r wat]-b$8 ,if n born !re1 h[ did !y come !re8 ,is !re1 or has !re ev] be51 any possible connection betwe5 ^! wat]-sy/ems8 ,are _! *>act]i/ic species repeat$ else:]e8 ,?us we n>r[ ! b\nd>ies ( ! inve/igation1 & br+ x1 by successive approa*es1 ne>] ! ultimate "q4 ,b ! fir/ inquiry is1 ,h[ f> are species di/9ct all ov] ! _w1 & :at are _! limits8 ,till ?is is asc]ta9$1 all !ories ab\t _! orig91 _! d]ivation f "o ano!r1 _! successive trans=mation1 _! migration f giv5 c5tres1 & s on1 are m]e beat+ ab\t ! bu%4 ,i allude especially to ! fre%-wat] fi%es1 9 connection ) ?is inve/igation1 on acc\nt ( ! precision ( _! b\nd>ies4 ,look+ at ! matt] !oretically1 )\t a positive inve/igation1 ,i d n expect to f9d a s+le species ( ! ,l[] ,amazons above ,tabat+a4#f ,i base ?is supposition ^u my own obs]vations respect+ ! di/ribution ( species 9 ! ,european riv]s4 ,i h f\nd t1 :ile "s species occur simultane\sly 9 ! _m upp] wat]-c\rses :i* comb9e to =m ! ,rh9e1 ! ,rhone1 & ! ,danube1 mo/ ( !m are n f\nd 9 ! l[] c\rse ( ^! riv]s2 t1 aga91 c]ta9 species are f\nd 9 two ( ^! wat]-bas9s & d n occur 9 ! ?ird1 or inhabit only "o & are n to be met 9 ! two o!rs4 ,! brook tr\t1 = in/ance 7,salmo ,f>io71 is common to ! upp] c\rse & ! high] tribut>ies ( all ! ?ree riv]-sy/ems1 b does n inhabit ! ma9 b$ ( _! l[] c\rse4 ,s x is1 also1 & 9 a m /rik+ degree1 ) ! ,salml+ 7,salmo ,salvel9us74 ,! ,hu*5 7,salmo ,hu*o7 is only f\nd 9 ! ,danube4 ,b ! di/ribution ( ! p]* family 9 ^! riv]s is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,! ,z+el 7,aspro ,z+el7 & ! ,s*rtz] 7,ac]9a ,s*rtz]7 are only f\nd 9 ! ,danube2 :ile ,ac]9a c]nua is f\nd 9 ! ,danube z well z 9 ! ,rh9e1 b n 9 ! ,rhone2 & ,aspro asp] 9 ! ,danube z well z 9 ! ,rhone1 b n 9 ! ,rh9e4 ,! ,s&] 7,luciop]ca ,s&ra7 is f\nd 9 ! ,danube & ! o!r l>ge riv]s ( ,ea/]n ,europe1 b occurs nei!r 9 ! ,rh9e nor 9 ! ,rhone4 ,! common p]* 7,p]ca fluviatilis71 on ! contr>y1 is f\nd bo? 9 ! ,rh9e & ,rhone1 b n 9 ! ,danube1 :i*1 h[ev]1 n\ri%es ano!r species ( true ,p]ca1 already describ$ by ,s*aeff] z ,p]ca vulg>is4 ,aga91 ! pick]el 7,esox ,lucius7 is common to all ^! riv]s1 especially 9 _! l[] c\rse1 & s is also ! cusk 7,lota vulg>is74 ,! special di/ribution ( ! c>p family w\ld af=d _m o!r /rik+ examples1 b !y are too num]\s & too little kn[n to be us$ z an illu/ration "h4 8,?is is among ! mo/ rem>kable in/ances ( :at ,i w\ld call ! arbitr>y "* ( geographical di/ribution4 ,su* facts _c be expla9$ by any !ory ( accid5tal disp]sion1 = ! upp] m\nta9 rivulets1 9 :i* ^! great riv]s take _! rise1 h no connection ) ea* o!r2 nor c any local circum/ance expla9 ! pres5ce ( "s species 9 all ! ?ree bas9s1 :ile o!rs appe> only 9 "o1 or p]haps 9 two1 & are abs5t f ! ?ird1 or ! fact t c]ta9 species inhabit+ ! head-wat]s ( ^! /reams are nev] f\nd 9 _! l[] c\rse :5 ! desc5t w\ld seem s natural & s easy4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any positive explanation1 we are left to assume t ! di/ribution ( animal life has prim>y laws z def9ite & precise z ^? :i* gov]n any?+ else 9 ! sy/em ( ! univ]se4 8,x is = ! sake ( inve/igations ( ?is k9d t ,i wi% our p>ty to divide1 9 ord] t we may cov] z wide a gr\nd z possible1 & comp>e a great] numb] ( ! wat]-bas9s ( ,brazil4 ,i wi% ! same to be done1 z f> z may be1 = all ! classes ( ,v]tebrates1 z well z = ,mollusks1 ,articulates1 & ,radiates4 ,z we h no special botani/ 9 ! p>ty1 we mu/ be cont5t to make a me?odical collection ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic families ( trees1 su* z ! palms & tree f]ns4 ,a collection ( ! /ems ( ^! trees w\ld be especially important z a guide to ! id5tification ( fossil woods4 ,mu* m is kn[n ( ! geographical di/ribution ( plants ?an ( animals1 h[ev]1 & !re is1 !re=e1 less to be done t is new 9 t direction4 8,our next aim1 & ) ! same object1 namely1 its be>+ ^u ! "q ( orig91 w be ! /udy ( ! "y1 ! collect+ ( eggs & embryos4 ,?is is ! m important1 s9ce museums g5]ally %[ only adult specim5s4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 ! ,zological ,museum at ,cambridge is ! only "o conta9+ l>ge collections ( embryological specim5s f all ! classes ( ! animal k+dom4 ,"o significant fact1 h[ev]1 is already kn[n4 ,9 _! e>lie/ /ages ( gr[? all animals ( ! same class are mu* m alike ?an 9 _! adult condition1 & sometimes s ne>ly alike z h>dly to be di/+ui%$4 ,inde$1 !re is an e>ly p]iod :5 ! resemblances greatly outweigh ! diff]5ces4 ,h[ f> ! repres5tatives ( diff]5t classes resemble "o ano!r rema9s to be asc]ta9$ ) precision4 ,!re are two possible int]pretations ( ^! facts4 ,"o is t animals s ne>ly id5tical 9 ! beg9n+ mu/ h be5 orig9ally d]iv$ f "o g]m1 & are b modifications or transmutations1 "u v>i\s physical conditions1 ( ?is primitive unit4 ,! o!r int]pretation1 f\nd$ on ! same facts1 is1 t s9ce1 not)/&+ ?is mat]ial id5tity 9 ! beg9n+1 no g]m ev] gr[s to be diff]5t f its p>5t1 or div]ges f ! patt]n impos$ ^u x at its bir?1 !re=e "s o!r cause besides a mat]ial "o mu/ control its developm5t2 & if ?is be s1 we h to seek an explanation ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 animals outside ( physical influ5ces4 ,?us f> bo? ^! views re/ *iefly ^u p]sonal convictions & op9ions4 ,! true solution ( ! problem mu/ be s\ght 9 ! /udy ( ! developm5t ( ! animals !mselves1 & embryology is /ill 9 its infancy2 =1 ?\gh a v complete /udy ( ! embryology ( a few animals has be5 made1 yet ^! inve/igations include s small a numb] ( repres5tatives f ! diff]5t classes ( ! animal k+dom t !y d n yet give a basis = broad g5]alizations4 ,v little is kn[n ( ! e>li] /ages 9 ! =mation ( ho/s ( insects ^: lat] metamorphoses1 includ+ ! *ange ( ! already advanc$ l>va1 fir/ to ! condition ( a *rysalis & !n to t ( a p]fect insect1 h be5 c>efully trac$4 ,x rema9s to be asc]ta9$ to :at ext5t ! cat]pill>s ( diff]5t k9ds ( butt]flies1 = in/ance1 resemble "o ano!r dur+ ! "t ( _! =mation 9 ! egg4 ,an imm5se field ( obs]vation is op5 9 ?is ord] alone4 8,i h1 myself1 exam9$ ov] "o hundr$ species ( bird embryos1 n[ put up 9 ! museum ( ,cambridge1 & f\nd t1 at a c]ta9 age1 !y all h bills1 w+s1 legs1 feet1 c41 c4 exactly alike4 ,! "y rob9 & ! "y cr[ are web-foot$1 z well z ! duck4 ,x is only lat] t ! f+]s ( ! foot become di/9ct4 ,h[ v int]e/+ x w be to cont9ue ?is inve/igation among ! tropical birds6--to see :e!r1 = in/ance1 ! t\can1 ) its gigantic bill1 has1 at a c]ta9 age1 a bill l t ( all o!r birds2 :e!r ! spoonbill ibis has1 at ! same age1 no?+ *>act]i/ic 9 ! %ape ( its bill4 ,no liv+ naturali/ c\ld n[ tell y "o ^w ab\t all ?is2 nei!r c\ld he give y any in=mation ab\t correspond+ facts 9 ! gr[? ( ! fi%es1 reptiles1 or quadrup$s ( ,brazil1 n "o ( ! "y ( ^! animals hav+ ev] be5 comp>$ ) ! adult4 ,9 ^! lectures ,i only aim at %[+ y :at an ext5sive & int]e/+ field ( inve/igation op5s be=e u2 if we succe$ 9 cultivat+ ev5 a few corn]s ( x we %all be =tunate40 ,9 ! ev5+1 :i* is always ! mo/ enjoyable "p ( our day1 we sat on ! gu>ds & wat*$ ! fir/ tropical sunset we _h yet se54 ,! sun w5t d[n 9 purple & gold1 &1 aft] its dep>ture1 s5t back a gl[ t crimson$ ! cl\ds almo/ to ! z5i?1 dy+ (f to pal] rose t9ts on ! edges1 :ile heavy masses ( gray vapor1 j beg9n+ to be silv]$ by ! moon1 swept up f ! s\?4 ,april #g?4--,to-day ! lecture 0 ^u ! physical features ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 some?+ ) ref]5ce to ! geological & geographical "w 9 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz hopes to h effici5t aid f 8 y\ng] assi/ants4 ,s mu* ( ! lecture consi/$ ( explanations giv5 ^u geological maps t x is difficult to record x4 ,its pr9cipal object1 h[ev]1 0 to %[ 9 :at direction !y %\ld "w 9 ord] to give great] precision to ! g5]al in=mation already secur$ respect+ ! =mation ( ! cont95t4 8,! bas9 ( ! ,amazons1 = in/ance1 is a level pla94 ,! :ole ( x is cov]$ ) loose mat]ials4 ,we mu/ wat* c>efully ! "* ( ^! loose mat]ials1 & try to track !m to _! orig94 ,z !re are v *>act]i/ic rocks 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ?is pla91 we %all h a clew to ! nature ( at lea/ "s portion ( ^! mat]ials4 ,my own previ\s /udies h giv5 me a special int]e/ 9 c]ta9 que/ions connect$ ) ^! facts4 ,:at p[] has gr\nd up ^! loose mat]ials8 ,are !y ! result ( dis9tegration ( ! rock by ord9>y atmosph]ic ag5ts1 or are !y caus$ by ! action ( wat]1 or by t ( glaci]s8 ,0 !re ev] a "t :5 l>ge masses ( ice desc5d$ f> l[] ?an ! pres5t sn[ l9e ( ! ,&es1 &1 mov+ ov] ! l[ l&s1 gr\nd ^! mat]ials to p[d]8 ,we "k t su* an ag5cy has be5 at "w on ! nor!rn half ( ?is hemisph]e4 ,we h n[ to look = its traces on ! s\!rn half1 :]e no su* inve/igations h ev] be5 made )9 its w>m latitudes2 ?\gh to ,d>w9 sci5ce is already indebt$ = mu* valuable in=mation conc]n+ ! glacial ph5om5a ( ! temp]ate & cold] portions ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican cont95t4 ,we %\ld exam9e ! loose mat]ials 9 e riv] we asc5d1 & see :at relation !y be> to ! dry l& above4 ,! color ( ! wat] 9 connection ) ! nature ( ! banks w tell u some?+4 ,! wat]s ( ! ,rio ,branco1 = in/ance1 are said to be milky :ite2 ^? ( ! ,rio ,negro1 black4 ,9 ! latt] case ! color is probably ow+ to ! decomposition ( vegetation4 ,i w\ld advise ea* "o ( our p>ties to pass a l>ge am\nt ( wat] f any riv] or /ream along :i* !y travel ?r\gh a filt]1 & to exam9e ! deposit microscopically4 ,!y w ?us asc]ta9 ! "* ( ! detritus1 :e!r f s&1 or lime1 or granite1 or m]e riv] mud =m$ by ! decomposition ( organic matt]4 ,ev5 ! small] /reams & rivulets w h _! peculi> "*4 ,! ,brazilian table-l& rises to a broad ridge runn+ f we/ to ea/1 & det]m9+ ! direction ( ! riv]s4 ,x is usually repres5t$ z a m\nta9 range1 b is 9 fact no?+ b a high flat ridge s]v+ z a wat]-%$1 & cut transv]sely by deep fissures 9 :i* ! riv]s fl[4 ,^! fissures are broad 9 _! l[] p>ts1 b little is kn[n ( _! upp] range2 & :oev] w exam9e _! banks c>efully w d an important "w = sci5ce4 ,inde$1 v little is kn[n accurately ( ! geology ( ,brazil4 ,on ! geological maps almo/ ! :ole c\ntry is repres5t$ z consi/+ ( granite4 ,if ?is be correct1 x is v inconsi/5t ) :at we "k ( ! geological /ructure ( o!r cont95ts1 :]e ! /ratifi$ rocks are 9 mu* l>g] proportions40 ,^u ?is foll[$ "s acc\nt ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( valley =mation & ( t]races4 8,d ! old t]races above ! riv]s ( ,s\? ,am]ica correspond to ! riv] t]races on any ( our riv]s1--^? ( ! ,connecticut1 = in/ance1--%[+ t _! wat]s _h =m]ly a mu* great] dep? & cov]$ a mu* wid] bottom8 ,!re mu/ ( c\rse h be5 a cause = ?is great accumulation ( wat] 9 anci5t p]iods4 ,i acc\nt = x 9 ! nor!rn half ( ! hemisph]e by ! melt+ ( va/ masses ( ice 9 ! glacial p]iod1 caus+ imm5se fre%ets4 ,!re is no tru/wor?y acc\nt ( ! riv] t]races 9 ,brazil4 ,bates1 h[ev]1 describes flat-topp$ hills betwe5 ,sant>em & ,p> 9 ! n>r[ "p ( ! valley1 ne> ,almeyrim1 ris+ #hjj feet above ! pres5t level ( ! ,amazons4 ,if ?is "p ( ! valley 7 flood$ 9 old times1 banks might h be5 =m$ ( :i* ^! hills are a remnant4 ,b because su* a !ory might acc\nt = ! facts x does n foll[ t ! !ory is true4 ,our "w mu/ be to /udy ! facts1 to see1 among o!r ?+s1 ( :at ^! hills are built1 :e!r ( rock or ( loose mat]ials4 ,no "o has told u any?+ z yet ( _! geological con/itution40#g ,to-day we h se5 numb]s ( fly+-fi% f ! deck1 & 7 a/oni%$ at ! grace & beauty ( _! motion1 :i* we _h suppos$ to be r a leap ?an actual flight4 ,& flight inde$ x is n1 _! pectoral f9s act+ z sails r ?an w+s1 & c>ry+ !m along on ! w9d4 ,!y skim ov] ! wat] 9 ?is way to a great di/ance4 ,capta9 ,bradbury told u he _h foll[$ "o ) 8 glass & lo/ sight ( x at a consid]able di/ance1 )\t see+ x dip into ! wat] aga94 ,mr4 ,agassiz has great delight 9 wat*+ !m4#h ,hav+ nev] be=e sail$ 9 tropical seas1 he enjoys e day "s new pleasure4 ,april #i?4--,ye/]day ,mr4 ,agassiz lectur$ ^u ! traces ( glaci]s z !y exi/ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ! signs ( ! same k9d to be s\ght = 9 ,brazil4 ,aft] a sket* ( :at has be5 done 9 glacial inve/igation 9 ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %[+ ! great ext5sion ( ice ov] ^! regions 9 anci5t times1 he cont9u$ z foll[s3 8,:5 ! pol> half ( bo? hemisph]es 0 cov]$ by su* an ice %r\d1 ! climate ( ! :ole e>? mu/ h be5 diff]5t f :at x is n[4 ,! limits ( ! anci5t glaci]s give u "s e/imate ( ?is diff]5ce1 ?\gh ( c\rse only an approximate "o4 ,a degree ( temp]ature 9 ! annual av]age ( any giv5 locality corresponds to a degree ( latitude2 t is1 a degree ( temp]ature is lo/ = e degree ( latitude z we travel nor?w>d1 or ga9$ = e degree ( latitude z we travel s\?w>d4 ,9 our times1 ! l9e at :i* ! av]age annual temp]ature is #cb1 t is1 at :i* glaci]s may be =m$1 is 9 latitude #fj or !reab\ts1 ! latitude ( ,gre5l&2 :ile ! height at :i* !y may orig9ate 9 latitude #de is ab\t #f1jjj feet4 ,if x appe> t ! anci5t s\!rn limit ( glaci]s is 9 latitude #cf1 we mu/ admit t 9 ^? days ! pres5t climate ( ,gre5l& ext5d$ to t l9e4 ,su* a *ange ( climate ) ref]5ce to latitude mu/ h be5 att5d$ by a correspond+ *ange ( climate ) ref]5ce to altitude4 ,?ree degrees ( temp]ature correspond to ab\t "o ?\s& feet ( altitude4 ,if1 !re=e1 x is f\nd t ! anci5t limit ( glaci] action desc5ds on ! ,&es1 = in/ance1 to #g1jjj feet above ! level ( ! sea "u ! equator1 ! pres5t l9e ( p]petual sn[ be+ at #ae1jjj1 x is safe to inf] t 9 ^? days ! climate 0 "s #bd or !reab\ts bel[ its pres5t temp]ature4 ,t is1 ! temp]ature ( ! pres5t sn[ l9e !n prevail$ at a height ( #g1jjj feet above ! sea level1 z ! pres5t av]age temp]ature ( ,gre5l& !n prevail$ 9 latitude #cf4 ,i am z confid5t t we %all f9d ^! indications at ab\t ! limit ,i h po9t$ out z if ,i _h already se5 !m4 ,i w\ld ev5 v5ture to prophesy t ! fir/ mora9es 9 ! valley ( ! ,m>aon %\ld be f\nd :]e x b5ds ea/w>d above ,ja540#i ,al?\gh ! wea!r is f9e1 ! motion ( ! %ip cont9ues to be s great t ^? ( u :o h n :at are popul>ly call$ 8sea-legs10 h mu* ado to keep our balance4 ,= my own "p1 ,i am beg9n+ to feel a p]sonal animosity to 8! trades40 ,i _h imag9$ !m to be s(t1 g5ial breezes waft+ u g5tly s\?w>d2 in/ead ( :i* !y bl[ dead ahead all ! "t1 & give u no re/ night or day4 ,& yet we are v unreasonable to grumble2 = nev] 7 great] com=ts & conv5i5ces provid$ = voyag]s on ! great deep ?an are to be f\nd on ?is magnific5t %ip4 ,! /ate-rooms l>ge & commodi\s1 p>lor & d9+-hall well v5tilat$1 cool1 & *e]ful1 ! decks long & broad en\gh to give a *ance = ext5sive 8con/itutionals0 to ev]ybody :o c /& upright = two m9utes toge!r1 ! att5dance punctual & admirable 9 e respect2 9 %ort1 no?+ is left to be desir$ except a little m /able foot+4 ,april #aj?4--,a r\gh sea to-day1 not)/&+ :i* we _h our lecture z usual1 ?\gh ,i mu/ say1 t1 ow+ to ! lur*+ ( ! %ip1 ! lectur] pit*$ ab\t m ?an 0 consi/5t ) ! dignity ( sci5ce4 ,mr4 ,agassiz return$ to ! subject ( embryology1 urg+ ^u 8 assi/ants ! importance ( collect+ mat]ials = ?is object z a means ( obta9+ an insight into ! deep] relations betwe5 animals4 8,h]et(ore classification has be5 arbitr>y1 inasmu* z x has re/$ ma9ly ^u ! int]pretation giv5 to /ructural diff]5ces by v>i\s obs]v]s1 :o did n measure ! "* & value ( ^! diff]5ces by any natural /&>d4 ,i believe t we h a m c]ta9 guide 9 ^! matt]s ?an op9ion or ! individual e/imate ( any obs]v]1 h[ev] ke5 8 insight into /ructural diff]5ces4 ,! true pr9ciple ( classification exi/s 9 ,nature h]self1 & we h only to deciph] x4 ,if ?is conviction be correct1 ! next "q is1 ,h[ c we make ?is pr9ciple a practical "o 9 our laboratories1 an active /imulus 9 our inve/igations8 ,is x susceptible ( positive demon/ration 9 mat]ial facts8 ,is !re any me?od to be adopt$ z a correct guide1 if we set aside ! idea ( orig9at+ sy/ems ( classification ( our own1 & seek only to read t already writt5 9 nature8 ,i answ]1 ,yes4 ,! /&>d is to be f\nd 9 ! *anges animals und]go f _! fir/ =mation 9 ! egg to _! adult condition4 8,x w\ld be impossible = me "h & n[ to give y ! details ( ?is me?od ( inve/igation1 b ,i c tell y en\gh to illu/rate my /atem5t4 ,take a homely & v famili> example1 t ( ! bran* ( ,articulates4 ,naturali/s divide ?is bran* into ?ree classes1--,insects1 ,cru/acea1 & ,worms2 & mo/ ( !m tell y t ,worms are l[e/1 ,cru/acea next 9 rank1 & t ,insects /& highe/1 :ile o!rs h plac$ ! ,cru/acea at ! head ( ! gr\p4 ,we may well ask :y4 ,:y does an insect /& above a cru/acean1 or1 vice v]sa1 :y is a gras%opp] or a butt]fly /ructurally sup]ior to a lob/] or a %rimp8 ,& inde$ !re mu/ be a diff]5ce 9 op9ion z to ! respective /&+ ( ^! gr\ps s long z _! classification is all[$ to rema9 a purely arbitr>y "o1 bas$ only ^u int]pretation ( anatomical details4 ,"o man ?9ks ! /ructural features ( ,insects sup]ior1 & places !m highe/2 ano!r ?9ks ! /ructural features ( ! ,cru/acea highe/1 & places !m at ! head4 ,9 ei!r case x is only a "q ( individual appreciation ( ! facts4 ,b :5 we /udy ! gradual developm5t ( ! insect1 & f9d t 9 its e>lie/ /ages x is worm-l1 9 its second1 or *rysalis /age1 x is cru/acean-l1 & only 9 its f9al completion x assumes ! "* ( a p]fect insect1 we h a simple natural scale by :i* to e/imate ! comp>ative rank ( ^! animals4 ,s9ce we _c suppose t !re is a retrograde movem5t 9 ! developm5t ( any animal1 we mu/ believe t ! insect /&s highe/1 & our classification 9 ?is in/ance is dictat$ by ,nature h]self4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples1 b !re are o!rs q z mu* s1 ?\gh n z famili>4 ,! frog1 = in/ance1 9 its successive /ages ( developm5t1 illu/rates ! comp>ative /&+ ( ! ord]s compos+ ! class to :i* x belongs4 ,^! ord]s are diff]5tly classifi$ by v>i\s naturali/s1 accord+ to _! individual e/imate ( _! /ructural features4 ,b ! gr[? ( ! frog1 l t ( ! insects1 gives u ! true grade ( ! type4#aj ,!re are n _m gr\ps 9 :i* ?is comp>ison has be5 c>ri$ out s fully z 9 ! insects & frogs2 b :]ev] x has be5 tri$ x is f\nd to be a p]fectly sure te/4 ,occasional glimpses ( ^! facts1 se5 disconnect$ly1 h done mu* to confirm ! developm5t !ory1 s greatly 9 vogue at pres5t1 ?\gh "u a some:at new =m4 ,^? :o su/a9 ^! views h se5 t !re 0 a gradation betwe5 animals1 & h inf]r$ t x 0 a mat]ial connection4 ,b :5 we foll[ x 9 ! gr[? ( ! animals !mselves1 & f9d t1 close z x is1 no animal ev] misses its true developm5t1 or gr[s to be any?+ b :at x 0 meant to be1 we are =c$ to admit t ! gradation :i* unque/ionably unites all animals is an intellectual1 n a mat]ial "o4 ,x exi/s 9 ! ,m9d :i* made !m4 ,z ! works ( a human intellect are b\nd toge!r by m5tal k9%ip1 s are ! ?\ghts ( ! ,creator spiritually unit$4 ,i ?9k t consid]ations l ^! %\ld be an inducem5t = u all to collect ! "y ( z _m animals z possible on ?is j\rney4 ,9 s do+ we may *ange ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( classification1 & conf] a la/+ b5efit on sci5ce4 8,x is v important to select ! "r animals = su* inve/igations4 ,i c conceive t a lifetime %\ld be pass$ 9 embryological /udies1 & yet little be le>n$ ( ! pr9ciples ( classification4 ,! embryology ( ! worm1 = in/ance1 w\ld n give u ! natural classification ( ! ,articulates1 because we %\ld see only ! fir/ /ep ( ! s]ies2 we %\ld n rea* ! sequ5ce ( ! developm5t4 ,x w\ld be l read+ ov] & ov] aga9 ! fir/ *apt] ( a /ory4 ,! embryology ( ! ,insects1 on ! contr>y1 w\ld give u ! :ole succession ( a scale on ! l[e/ level ( :i* ! ,worms rema9 =ev]4 ,s ! embryology ( ! frog w give u ! classification ( ! gr\p to :i* x belongs1 b ! embryology ( ! ,cecilia1 ! l[e/ ord] 9 ! gr\p1 w give u only ! initiatory /eps4 ,9 ! same way ! naturali/ :o1 9 /udy+ ! embryology ( ! reptiles1 %\ld beg9 ) _! l[e/ repres5tatives1 ! s]p5ts1 w\ld make a great mi/ake4 ,b take ! alligator1 s abundant 9 ! regions to :i* we are go+4 ,an alligator's egg 9 ! e>lie/ condition ( gr[? has nev] be5 op5$ by a naturali/4 ,! "y h be5 occasionally tak5 f ! egg j be=e hat*+1 b absolutely no?+ is kn[n ( _! fir/ phases ( developm5t4 ,a complete embryology ( ! alligator w\ld give u n only ! natural classification ( reptiles z !y exi/ n[1 b might tea* u some?+ ( _! hi/ory f ! "t ( _! introduction ^u e>? to ! pres5t day4 ,= embryology %[s u n only ! relations ( exi/+ animals to ea* o!r1 b _! relations to ext9ct types also4 ,"o prom95t result ( embryological /udies has be5 to %[ t animals 9 ! e>li] /ages ( _! gr[? resemble anci5t repres5tatives ( ! same type belong+ to pa/ geological ages4 ,! fir/ reptiles 7 introduc$ 9 ! c>bonif]\s epo*1 & !y 7 v diff]5t f ^? n[ exi/+4 ,!y 7 n num]\s at t p]iod2 b lat] 9 ! _w's hi/ory !re 0 a "t1 ju/ly call$ ! #8age ( reptiles1' :5 ! gigantic ,saurians1 ,plesiosaurians1 & ,i*?yosaurians ab\nd$4 ,i believe1 & my conviction is drawn f my previ\s embryological /udies1 t ! *anges ( ! alligator 9 ! egg w give u ! clew to ! /ructural relations ( ! ,reptiles f _! fir/ creation to ! pres5t day1--w give u1 9 o!r words1 _! sequ5ce 9 "t z well z _! sequ5ce 9 gr[?4 ,9 ! class ( ,reptiles1 !n1 ! mo/ in/ructive gr\p we c select ) ref]5ce to ! /ructural relations ( ! type z x n[ exi/s1 & _! hi/ory 9 pa/ times1 w be ! alligator4 ,we mu/ !re=e neglect no opportunity ( collect+ _! eggs 9 z l>ge numb]s z possible4 8,!re are o!r animals 9 ,brazil1 l[ 9 _! class to be sure1 b yet v important to /udy embryologically1 on acc\nt ( _! relation to ext9ct types4 ,^! are ! slo?s & armadillos1--animals ( insignificant size 9 our days1 b anci5tly repres5t$ 9 gigantic proportions4 ,! ,mega!rium1 ! ,mylodon1 ! ,megalonyx1 7 "s ( ^! imm5se ,mammalia4 ,i believe t ! embryonic *anges ( ! slo?s & armadillos w expla9 ! /ructural relations ( ^? huge ,ed5tata & _! connection ) ! pres5t ones4 ,s\? ,am]ica teems ) ! fossil bones ( ^! animals1 :i* inde$ p5etrat$ into ! nor!rn half ( ! hemisph]e z high up z ,georgia & ,k5tucky1 :]e _! rema9s h be5 f\nd4 ,! liv+ repres5tatives ( ! family are also num]\s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & we %\ld make x "o ( our *ief objects to get specim5s ( all ages & exam9e !m f _! e>lie/ phases upw>d4 ,we mu/1 above all1 try n to be l$ away f ! m important aims ( our /udy by ! div]sity ( objects4 ,i h kn[n _m "y naturali/s to miss ! highe/ success by try+ to cov] too mu* gr\nd1--by becom+ collectors r ?an inve/igators4 ,bitt5 by ! mania = amass+ a great numb] & v>iety ( species1 su* a man nev] returns to ! g5]al consid]ation ( m compreh5sive features4 ,we mu/ try to set be=e ourselves c]ta9 important que/ions1 & give ourselves resolutely to ! inve/igation ( ^! po9ts1 ev5 ?\gh we %\ld sacrifice less important ?+s m readily rea*$4 8,ano!r type full ( int]e/1 f an embryological po9t ( view1 w be ! ,monkeys4 ,s9ce "s ( our sci5tific colleagues look ^u !m z our ance/ors1 x is important t we %\ld collect z _m facts z possible conc]n+ _! gr[?4 ,( c\rse x w\ld be bett] if we c\ld make ! inve/igation 9 ! l& ( ! ,orangs1 ,gorillas1 & ,*impanzees1--! highe/ monkeys & ! ne>e/ to man 9 _! developm5t4 ,/ill ev5 ! process ( gr[? 9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican monkey w be v in/ructive4 ,give a ma!matician ! initial elem5ts ( a s]ies1 & he w "w out ! :ole2 & s ,i believe :5 ! laws ( embryological developm5t are bett] und]/ood1 naturali/s w h a key to ! limits ( ^! cycles ( gr[?1 & be able to appo9t !m _! natural b\nd>ies ev5 f p>tial data4 8,next 9 importance ,i w\ld place ! ,tapirs4 ,?is is "o ( a family ^: geological antec$5ts are v important & int]e/+4 ,! ,ma/odons1 ! ,palo!rium1 ! ,d9o!rium1 & o!r l>ge ,mammalia ( ! ,t]ti>ies1 are closely relat$ to ! ,tapir4 ,! elephant1 rh9oc]os1 & ! l1 are ( ! same family4 ,f its /ructural /&+ next to ! elephant1 :i* is plac$ highe/ 9 ! gr\p1 ! embryology ( ! ,tapir w\ld give u a v complete s]ies ( *anges4 ,x w\ld seem f "s ( ! fossil rema9s ( ?is family t ! ,pa*yd]ms 7 =m]ly m ne>ly relat$ to ! ,rum9ants & ,rod5ts ?an !y n[ are4 ,!re=e x w\ld be well to /udy ! embryology ( ! ,capiv>i1 ! ,paca1 & ! ,pecc>y1 9 connection ) t ( ! ,tapir4 ,la/ly1 x w be important to le>n some?+ ( ! embryology ( ! ,manatee or ,sea-,c[ ( ! ,amazons4 ,x is some?+ l a porpoise 9 outl9e1 & seems to be ! mod]n repres5tative ( ! anci5t ,d9o!rium40 ,april #ab?4--,! lecture to-day 0 address$ especially to ! orni?ologi/s ( ! p>ty1 its object be+ to %[ h[ ! same me?od ( /udy1--t ( te/+ ! classification by ! phases ( gr[? 9 ! diff]5t gr\ps1--might be appli$ to ! birds z pr(itably z to o!r types4 ,we h made good progress 9 ! la/ =ty-eight h\rs1 & are fa/ leav+ our fri5ds 8! trades0 beh9d4 ,! capta9 promises u smoo? wat]s 9 a day or two4 ,) ! dy+ away ( ! w9d w come great] heat1 b z yet we h _h no int5sely w>m wea!r4 ,! sun1 h[ev]1 keeps u )9 doors a great "p ( ! day1 b 9 ! ev5+ we sit on ! gu>ds1 wat* ! sunset ov] ! wat]s1 & !n ! moonlight1 & s :ile away ! "t till n9e or t5 o'clock1 :5 "o by "o ! p>ty disp]ses4 ,! sea has be5 s r\gh t we h n be5 able to capture any?+1 b :5 we get into smoo!r wat]s1 our naturali/s w be on ! look out = jelly-fi%1 argonautas1 & ! l4 ,april #ac?4--,9 to-day's lecture ,mr4 ,agassiz return$ aga9 to ! subject ( geographical di/ribution & ! importance ( localiz+ ! collections ) great precision4 8,z ,rio de ,janeiro is our />t+-po9t1 ! wat]-sy/em 9 its imm$iate neighborhood w be z x 7 a s*oolroom = u dur+ ! fir/ week ( our ,brazilian life4 ,we %all n f9d x s easy a matt] z x seems to keep our collections di/9ct 9 ?is region4 ,! head-wat]s ( "s ( ! riv]s ne> ,rio1 fl[+ 9 opposite directions1 are 9 su* close proximity t x w be difficult sometimes to di/+ui% !m4 ,outside ( ! coa/ range1 to :i* ! ,organ ,m\nta9s belong1 are a numb] ( %ort /reams1 little rills1 s to speak1 empty+ directly into ! ocean4 ,x w be important to asc]ta9 :e!r ! same animals occur 9 all ^! %ort wat]-c\rses4 ,i ?9k ?is w be f\nd to be ! case1 because x is s ) correspond+ small riv]s on our nor!rn coa/4 ,!re are little riv]s along ! :ole coa/ f ,ma9e to ,new ,j]sey2 all ^! disconnect$ riv]s conta9 a simil> fauna4 ,!re is ano!r ext5sive range inl& ( ! coa/ ridge1 ! ,s]ra de ,mantiqu]a1 slop+ g5tly d[n to ! ocean s\? ( ! ,rio ,belmonte or ,jequit9honha4 ,riv]s aris+ 9 ?is range are m complex2 !y h l>ge tribut>ies4 ,_! upp] "p is usually brok5 by wat]falls1 _! l[] c\rse be+ m level2 probably 9 ! l[] c\rses ( ^! riv]s we %all f9d fi%es simil> to ^? ( ! %ort coa/ /reams1 :ile 9 ! high] brok5 wat]s we %all f9d di/9ct faun40 ,! lecture clos$ ) "s acc\nt ( ! excursions likely to be und]tak5 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio de ,janeiro on arriv+1 & ) "s practical in/ructions ab\t collect+1 bas$ ^u ,mr4 ,agassiz's p]sonal exp]i5ce4#aa ,april #ad?4--,la/ ev5+ 0 ! mo/ beautiful we h _h s9ce we left home2 p]fectly cle> ) ! exception ( s(t :ite masses ( cl\d on ! horizon1 all _! edges silv]$ by ! moonlight4 ,we look$ our la/ = _m mon?s to come on ! nor? />1 & saw ! s\!rn cross = ! fir/ "t4 ,) ! visible image ,i lo/ a f> m wond]ful con/ellation :i* _h liv$ 9 my imag9ation2 x has vani%$ ) all its gold5 glory1 a cele/ial vision z amaz+ z t :i* conv]t$ ,con/ant9e1 & 9 its place /&s ! v]itable con/ellation ) its f\r little po9ts ( light4 ,! lecture to-day 0 ^u ! fi%es ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 8,i w give y ?is morn+ a slight sket* ( ! *>act]i/ic fi%es 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( ! ,old ,_w & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,?\gh ,i d n "k h[ ! fi%es are di/ribut$ 9 ! regions to :i* we are go+1 & x is j ^u ! inve/igation ( ?is po9t t ,i want y\r help1 ,i "k _! "* z di/+ui%$ f ^? ( o!r cont95ts4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! mo/ important aim ( all our /udies 9 ?is direction w be ! solution ( ! "q :e!r any giv5 fauna is di/9ct & has orig9at$ :]e x n[ exi/s4 ,to ?is end ,i %all make y acqua9t$ ) ! ,brazilian animals s f> z ,i c 9 ! %ort "t we h be=e beg9n+ our active op]ations1 9 ord] t y may be prep>$ to detect ! law ( _! geographical di/ribution4 ,i %all speak to-day m especially ( ! fre%-wat] fi%es4 8,9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e !re is a rem>kable gr\p ( fi%es kn[n z ! ,/urgeons4 ,!y are *iefly f\nd 9 ! wat]s fl[+ into ! ,pol> seas1 z ! ,mack5zie ,riv] on our own cont95t1 ! ,l5a & ,y5issei 9 ! ,old ,_w1 & 9 all ! riv]s & lakes ( ! temp]ate zone1 communicat+ ) ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,!y occur 9 small] numb]s 9 mo/ tribut>ies ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 b are common 9 ! ,volga & ,danube1 z well z 9 ! ,mississippi1 9 "s ( ! riv]s on our nor!rn ,atlantic & ,pacific coa/s1 & 9 ,*9a4 ,?is family has no repres5tatives 9 ,africa1 ,s\!rn ,asia1 ,au/ralia1 or ,s\? ,am]ica1 b !re is a gr\p correspond+ 9 a c]ta9 way to x 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1--t ( ! ,goniodonts4 ,?\gh "s i*?yologi/s place !m widely ap>t 9 _! classifications1 !re is1 on ! :ole1 a /rik+ resemblance betwe5 ! ,/urgeons & ,goniodonts4 ,gr\ps ( ?is k9d1 reproduc+ c]ta9 features common to bo?1 b diff]+ by special /ructural modifications1 are call$ #8repres5tative types4' ,?is "n applies m especially to su* gr\ps :5 !y are di/ribut$ ov] diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w4 ,to naturali/s ! comp>ison ( "o ( ^! types ) ano!r is v int]e/+1 z t\*+ ^u ! "q ( orig9 ( species4 ,to ^? :o believe t animals are d]iv$ f "o ano!r ! alt]native "h pres5t$ is v cle>3 ei!r "o ( ^! gr\ps grew out ( ! o!r1 or else !y bo? _h common ance/ors :i* 7 nei!r ,/urgeons nor ,goniodonts1 b comb9$ ! features ( bo? & gave bir? to ea*4 8,!re is a ?ird family ( fi%es1 ! ,hornp\ts or ,bullheads1 call$ ,siluroids by naturali/s1 :i* seem by _! /ructural "* to occupy an int]m$iate position betwe5 ! ,/urgeons & ,goniodonts4 ,!re w\ld seem to be1 !n1 9 ^! ?ree gr\ps1 s simil> 9 c]ta9 features1 s di/9ct 9 o!rs1 ! elem5ts ( a s]ies4 ,b :ile _! /ructural relations sugge/ a common orig91 _! geographical di/ribution seems to exclude x4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,hornp\ts2 !y are v few 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 h>dly ev] occurr+ 9 ^? riv]s :]e ! ,/urgeons ab\nd1 & !y are v num]\s 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 9 s\!rn ,asia1 ,au/ralia1 ,africa1 & ,s\? ,am]ica1 :]e ! ,/urgeons are altoge!r want+4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica ! ,siluroids ev]y:]e exi/ ) ! ,goniodonts1 9 all o!r p>ts ( ! _w )\t !m2 ! ,goniodonts be+ only f\nd 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,if ^! 7 ! ance/ors ( ! ,siluroids 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 !y 7 c]ta9ly n _! ance/ors any:]e else4 ,if ! ,/urgeons 7 ! ance/ors ( ! ,siluroids & ( ! ,goniodonts1 x is /range t _! prog5y %\ld consi/ ( ^! two families 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 ! ,old ,_w ( ! ,siluroids only4 ,b if all ?ree _h "s o!r common ance/ry1 x w\ld be /ill m extraord9>y t its prog5y %\ld exhibit s specific a di/ribution ^u ! surface ( our globe4 ,! ,siluroids lay v l>ge eggs1 & z !y are v abundant 9 ,s\? ,am]ica we %all no d\bt h opportunities ( collect+ !m4 ,( ! reproduction ( ! ,goniodonts absolutely no?+ is kn[n4 ,( c\rse ! embryology ( bo? ^! gr\ps w\ld h a direct be>+ on ! problem ( _! orig94 8,ano!r family v abundant 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w is t ( ! ,p]*es4 ,!y are f\nd all ov] ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,europe1 & ,nor!rn ,asia2 b !re is n "o to be f\nd 9 ! fre% wat]s ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,9 ,s\? ,am]ica & 9 ,africa !y are repres5t$ h[ev] by a v simil> gr\p1 t ( ! ,*romids4 ,^! two gr\ps are s mu* ak9 t f _! /ructure x w\ld seem natural to suppose t ! ,*romids 7 trans=m$ ,p]*es2 ! m s1 s9ce 9 ! we/]n hemisph]e ! latt] ext5d f ! high nor? to ,texas1 s\? ( :i* !y are repres5t$ by ! ,*romids4 ,"h ! geographical z well z ! /ructural transition w\ld seem an easy "o4 ,b look at ! ea/]n hemisph]e4 ,p]*es ab\nd 9 ,asia1 ,europe1 & ,au/ralia1 b !re are no ,*romids !re4 ,h[ is x t ! ,p]*es ( ?is cont95t h be5 s f]tile 9 produc+ ,*romids1 & ! ,p]*es ( all o!r cont95ts1 except ,africa1 absolutely /]ile 9 ?is respect8 ,or if we rev]se ! proposition1 & suppose ! ,p]*es to h gr[n out ( ! ,*romids1 :y h _! ance/ry disappe>$ s completely on ! ,asiatic side ( ! _w1 :ile !y d n seem to h dim9i%$ on ?is8 ,& if ,p]*es & ,*romids %\ld be repres5t$ z desc5d+ f an old] common type1 ,i w\ld answ] t ,palontology kn[s no?+ ( su* a p$igree4 8,next come ! ,*ubs1 or 9 sci5tific nom5clature ! ,cypr9oids4 ,^! fi%es1 v>i\sly call$ ,*ubs1 ,suck]s1 or ,c>ps1 ab\nd 9 all ! fre% wat]s ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,!y are also num]\s 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 b h n a s+le repres5tative 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,z ! ,goniodonts are *>act]i/ic ( ! s\!rn hemisph]e 9 its we/]n half1 s ?is gr\p seems to be *>act]i/ic ( x 9 its ea/]n half4 ,b :ile ! ,cypr9oids h no repres5tative 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 !re is ano!r gr\p !re1 /ructurally ak9 to !m1 call$ ! ,cypr9odonts4 ,!y are all small-siz$2 our ,m9n[s belong to ?is gr\p4 ,f ,ma9e to ,texas !y are f\nd 9 all ! %ort riv]s or creeks all along ! coa/4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i expect to f9d ! %ort coa/ riv]s ( ,s\? ,am]ica ab\nd+ 9 ,m9n[s4 ,i rememb] to h f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( ,mobile no less ?an six new species 9 ! c\rse ( an aft]noon's ramble4 ,^! fi%es are almo/ all vivip>\s1 or at lea/ lay _! eggs 9 a v advanc$ /ate ( developm5t ( ! "y4 ,! sexes diff] s greatly 9 appe>ance t !y h sometimes be5 describ$ z di/9ct species1 nay1 ev5 z di/9ct g5]a4#ab ,we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ a simil> mi/ake4 ,"h aga9 we h two gr\ps1 ! ,cypr9oids & ,cypr9odonts1 s simil> 9 _! /ructural features t ! developm5t ( "o out ( ! o!r naturally sugge/s itself4 ,b 9 ,s\? ,am]ica !re are no ,cypr9oids at all1 :ile ! ,cypr9odonts ab\nd2 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,nor? ,am]ica on ! contr>y1 ! ,cypr9oids are v num]\s & ! ,cypr9odonts comp>atively few40 ,! ,*>ac9es 7 next consid]$ ) ref]5ce to _! aff9ities z well z _! geographical di/ribution2 & a few rem>ks 7 add$ ^u ! small] families kn[n to h repres5tatives 9 ! fre% wat]s ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 su* z ! ,ery?r9oids1 ! ,gymnot9es1 c4 8,i am (t5 ask$ :at is my *ief aim 9 ?is exp$ition to ,s\? ,am]ica8 ,no d\bt 9 a g5]al way x is to collect mat]ials = future /udy4 ,b ! conviction :i* draws me irresi/ibly1 is t ! comb9ation ( animals on ?is cont95t1 :]e ! faun are s *>act]i/ic & s di/9ct f all o!rs1 w give me ! means ( %[+ t ! transmutation !ory is :olly )\t f\ndation 9 facts40 ,! lecture clos$ ) "s acc\nt ( ! ,salmonid1 f\nd all ov] ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 b repres5t$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica by ! ,*>ac9es1 di/9ct species ( :i* may be look$ = 9 ! sep>ate wat]-bas9s ( ,brazil2 & also ( sev]al o!r important families ( ,s\? ,am]ican fi%es1 especially ! ,o/eoglossum1 ! ,sudis1 c41 int]e/+ on acc\nt ( _! relation to an ext9ct fossil type1 t ( ! ,clacan?s4#ac ,april #ag?4--,ye/]day 0 ,ea/] ,sunday1 & ! day 0 beautiful4 ,! s]vices f ,bi%op ,pott] 9 ! morn+ 7 v int]e/+2 ! m s = u on acc\nt ( ! ,god spe$ he gave u4 ,w9d & wea!r p]mitt+1 x is ! la/ ,sunday we %all pass on bo>d %ip toge!r4 ,! ,bi%op spoke ) mu* e>ne/ness & sympa?y ( ! objects ( ! exp$ition1 address+ himself especially to ! "y m51 n only ) ref]5ce to _! duties z connect$ ) a sci5tific und]tak+1 b z ,am]ican citiz5s 9 a =eign c\ntry at ?is "t ( w> & misappreh5sion4 ,?is morn+ we 7 q ent]ta9$ at meet+ a numb] ( ! s-call$ 8,catam>ans10 ! crazy crafts ( ! fi%]m51 :o appe> to be amphibi\s animals on ?is coa/4 ,_! boats consi/ ( a few logs la%$ toge!r1 ov] :i* ! wat] breaks at e mom5t )\t app>5tly di/urb+ ! occupants 9 ! lea/4 ,!y fi%1 walk ab\t1 sit1 lie d[n or /&1 eat1 dr9k1 & sleep1 to all appe>ance z cont5t$ & com=table z we are 9 our pr9cely /eam]4 ,usually !y g into port at nightfall1 b are occasionally driv5 out to sea by ! w9d1 & may sometimes be met ) two hundr$ miles & m f ! %ore4 ,to-day we h fairly come ^u ! ,s\? ,am]ican coa/4 ,ye/]day we c\ld cat* sight occasionally ( l[ s& banks2 b ?is morn+ we h sail$ pa/ ! pretty little t[n ( ,ol9da1 ) its conv5t on ! hill1 & ! l>g] city ( ,p]nambuco1 ^: :ite h\ses come q d[n to ! sea-%ore4 ,imm$iately 9 front ( ! t[n lies ! reef1 :i* runs s\?w>d along ! coa/ = a hundr$ miles & m1 enclos+ betwe5 itself & ! %ore a /rip ( quiet wat]s1 =m+ admirable an*orage = small %ipp+4 ,be=e ,p]nambuco ?is *annel is q deep1 & directly 9 front ( ! t[n !re is a break 9 ! reef =m+ a natural gateway ?r\gh :i* l>ge vessels c ent]4 ,we h n[ left ! t[n beh9d1 b ! %ore is /ill 9 sight2 a flat coa/ ris+ into l[ hills beh9d1 & "h & !re dott$ ) villages & fi%+-huts4 ,! lecture on ,saturday 0 r practical ?an sci5tific1 on ! be/ modes ( collect+ & pres]v+ specim5s1 ! in/rum5ts to be us$1 c4 ,to-day x 0 ^u ! classification ( fi%es z illu/rat$ by embryology2 ! same me?od ( /udy z t expla9$ ! o!r day & n[ appli$ to ! class ( fi%es4 8,all fi%es at ! "t :5 ! g]m becomes di/9ct above ! yolk h a cont9u\s f9 ov] ! :ole back1 ar\nd ! tail1 & "u ! abdom54 ,! nak$ reptiles1 ^? :i* h no scales1 su* z frogs1 toads1 salam&]s1 & ! l1 %>e 9 ?is embryological feature ( ! fi%es4 ,f ?is id5tity ( developm5t ,i believe ! nak$ reptiles to be /ructurally ne>] to ! true fi%es ?an to ! scaly reptiles4 ,all fi%es1 & inde$ all ,v]tebrates1 ev5 ! highe/1 h1 at ?is e>ly p]iod1 fissures 9 ! side ( ! neck4 ,^! are ! fir/ indications ( gills1 an organ ! basis = :i* exi/s 9 all ,v]tebrates at a c]ta9 p]iod ( _! life1 b is fully develop$ & functionally active only 9 ! l[] ones1 9 :i* x acquires a special f9al /ructure2 giv+ place to lungs 9 ! high] ones be=e !y rea* _! adult condition4 ,f ?is "t =w>d n only ! class *>act]s1 b ^? ( ! family1 beg9 to be di/+ui%$4 ,i w %[ y to-day h[ we may improve ! classification ( fi%es by /udy+ _! embryology4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! family ( ,cods 9 its wide/ acceptation4 ,x consi/s ( sev]al g5]a1 among :i* are ! ,cod prop]1 ! ,cusk1 & ! ,brotula4 ,naturali/s may diff] 9 _! e/imation ( ! relative rank ( ^! g5]a1 & ev5 ) ref]5ce to _! aff9ity1 b ! embryology ( ! ,cod seems to me to give ! natural scale4 ,9 its e>ly condition ! ,cod has ! cont9u\s f9 ( ! ,brotula1 next ! dorsal & caudal f9s become di/9ct1 z 9 ! ,cusk1 & la/ly ! f9al individualization ( ! f9s takes place1 & !y break up into ! ?ree dorsals & two anals ( ! ,cod4 ,?us ! ,brotula repres5ts ! infantile condition ( ! ,cod1 & ( c\rse /&s l[e/1 :ile ! ,cusk has its natural position betwe5 ! two4 ,!re are o!r g5]a belong+ to ?is family1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,lota or fre%-wat] ,cusk & ! ,hake1 ! relative position ( :i* may be det]m9$ by fur!r embryological /udies4 ,i _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ some?+ 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,hake :i* ?r[s "s light on ! relation ( ! ,ophid9i to ! ,cod family1 ?\gh ?us f> !y h be5 associat$ ) ! ,eel4 ,! little embryonic ,hake on :i* ,i made my inve/igation 0 ab\t an in* & a half 9 l5g?2 x 0 mu* m sl5d] & elongat$ 9 proportion to its ?ickness ?an any ( ! family ( ,cods 9 _! adult condition1 & _h a cont9u\s f9 all ar\nd ! body4 ,al?\gh ! /ructural relations ( ! ,eels are n fully und]/ood1 "s ( !m1 at lea/1 n[ unit$ z a di/9ct family "u ! "n ( ,ophid9i1 are kn[n to be closely connect$ ) ! ,cods1 & ?is "* ( ! ,hake 9 its e>ly condition w\ld seem to %[ t ?is type ( ,eel is a sort ( embryonic =m ( ! ,cod family4 8,ano!r well-kn[n family ( fi%es is t ( ! ,lophioides4 ,to ?is gr\p belongs ! ,lophius or ,goose-fi%1 ) :i* ! ,cottoids or ,sculp9s1 & ! ,bl5nioids1 ) ,zo>ces & ,an>rhi*as1 ! s-call$ ,sea-cat1 ought to be associat$4 ,x 0 my good =tune to h an opportunity ( /udy+ ! developm5t ( ! ,lophius1 & to my surprise ,i f\nd t its embryonic phases includ$ ! :ole s]ies "h allud$ to1 ?us pres5t+ ano!r ( ^? natural scales on :i* ,i hope all our sci5tific classifications w be remodell$ :5 we obta9 a bett] k ( embryology4 ,! ,lophius 9 its y\nge/ /age recalls ! ,tnioids1 be+ long & compress$2 next x resembles ! ,bl5nioids1 & gr[+ /\t] passes ?r\gh a /age l ,cottus1 be=e x assumes ! depress$ =m ( ,lophius4 ,9 ! family ( ,cypr9odonts ,i h obs]v$ ! "y ( ,fundulus4 ,!y are de/itute ( v5trals1 ?us %[+ t ! g5us ,ore/ias /&s l[e/ 9 its family4 ,i w\ld allude to "o o!r fact ( ?is k9d obs]v$ by ,pr(essor ,wyman4 ,!re has be5 a d\bt among naturali/s z to ! relative /&+ ( ! ,skates & ,%>ks4 ,on geological evid5ce ,i _h plac$ ! ,skates highe/1 because ! ,%>ks prec$e !m 9 "t2 b ?is fact _h n be5 e/abli%$ on embryological evid5ce4 ,pr(essor ,wyman has foll[$ ! embryology ( ! ,skate ?r\gh all its phases1 & has f\nd t 9 its e>li] condition x is sl5d] 9 outl9e1 ) ! appe>ance ( a dim9utive %>k1 & t only lat] x assumes ! broad %ield-l =m & long tap]+ tail ( ! skate4 ,7 x only t !y enable u to set aside all arbitr>y decisions & base our classifications on ! tea*+s ( nature1 ^! inve/igations w\ld be invaluable2 b _! importance is increas$ by ! consid]ation t we are ?us gradually l$ to recognize ! true aff9ities :i* b9d all organiz$ be+s into "o great sy/em40 ,april #bj?4--,! day aft] to-morr[ we %all ent] ! ,bay ( ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,"o beg9s to see already t little di/urbance 9 ! regul>ity ( sea life :i* prec$es arrival4 ,p are mak+ up _! lett]s1 & re>rang+ _! luggage2 !re is a slight /ir p]vad+ our small p>ty ( pass5g]s & break+ up ! ev5 t5or ( ! uni=m life we h be5 lead+ toge!r = ! la/ ?ree weeks4 ,x has be5 a delightful voyage1 & yet1 "u ! mo/ *>m+ circum/ances1 life at sea is a poor ex*ange = life on l&1 & we are all glad to be ne> our hav54 ,on ,tuesday ! lecture 0 ^u ! =mation & gr[? ( ! egg2 a sort ( practical lesson 9 ! /udy ( embryology2 ye/]day1 ^u ! importance ( asc]ta9+1 at ! outset1 ! spawn+ season ( ! animals 9 ,brazil1 & ! means to t end4 8,x w (t5 be impossible = u to le>n ! bre$+ season ( animals1 a matt] 9 :i* c\ntry p are g5]ally v ignorant4 ,b :5 we _c obta9 x f p]sons ab\t u1 !re are "s indications 9 ! animals !mselves :i* may s]ve z a guide4 ,dur+ my own inve/igations ^u ! developm5t ( ! turtles1 :5 ,i op5$ _m ?\s&s ( eggs1 ,i f\nd t 9 ^! animals1 at lea/1 ! appe>ance ( ! ov>ies is a pretty good guide4 ,!y always conta9 sev]al sets ( eggs4 ,^? :i* w be laid ?is ye> are ! l>ge/2 ^? ( ! foll[+ ye> are next 9 size2 ^? ( two ye>s h5ce /ill small]1 until we come to eggs s small t x is impossible to p]ceive any diff]5ce betwe5 _! v>i\s phases ( developm5t4 ,b we c readily tell :e!r !re are any eggs s advanc$ z to be ne> lay+1 & di/+ui% betwe5 ! brood ( ! ye> & ^? :i* are to be hat*$ lat]4 ,:5 ! eggs are ab\t to be laid ! :ole surface is cov]$ ) ramify+ blood-vessels1 & ! yolk is ( a v cle> bright yell[4 ,be=e ! egg drops f ! ov>y ?is network bur/s2 x %rivels up & =ms a little sc> on ! side ( ! ov>y4 ,%\ld we1 !re=e1 on exam9+ ! ov>y ( a turtle1 f9d t ^! sc>s are fre%1 we may inf] t ! season = lay+ is n ov]2 or if we f9d "s ( ! eggs mu* l>g] ?an ! re/ & ne>ly mature1 we %all "k t x is ab\t to beg94 ,h[ f> ?is w hold good ) respect to alligators & o!r animals ,i d n "k4 ,i h le>n$ to recognize ^! signs 9 ! turtles f my long /udy ( _! embryology4 ,) fi%es x c\ld h>dly be possible to di/+ui% ! diff]5t sets ( eggs because !y lay su* numb]s1 & !y are all s small4 ,b if we _c di/+ui% ! eggs ( ! diff]5t ye>s1 x w be some?+ to le>n ! size ( _! broods1 :i* diff]s v greatly 9 diff]5t families40 ,! lecture conclud$ ) "s advice z to obs]v+ & record+ ! metamorphoses ( insects4 8,?\gh mu* has be5 writt5 on ! societies ( ants & o!r l communities 9 ,brazil1 ! acc\nts ( diff]5t naturali/s d n agree4 ,x w\ld be well to collect ! l>v ( a great _m insects1 & try to raise !m2 b z ?is w be difficult & (t5 impossible 9 travell+1 we mu/ at lea/ get ! ne/s ( ants1 bees1 wasps1 & ! l1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 all we c respect+ _! communities4 ,:5 ^! are n too l>ge x is easy to secure !m by slipp+ a bag ov] !m1 ?us tak+ ! :ole settlem5t captive4 ,x may !n be pres]v$ by dipp+ into alcohol1 & exam9$ at leisure1 s z to asc]ta9 ! numb] & nature ( ! individuals conta9$ 9 x1 & le>n some?+ at lea/ ( _! habits4 ,nor let u neglect ! dome/ic e/abli%m5ts ( spid]s4 ,!re is an imm5se v>iety ( spid]s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & a great diff]5ce 9 _! webs4 ,x w\ld be well to pres]ve ^! on %eets ( pap]1 to make draw+s ( !m1 & exam9e _! ?reads microscopically40 ,april #ba/4--,ye/]day ,mr4 ,agassiz gave 8 clos+ lecture1 kn[+ t to-day all w\ld be occupi$ ) prep>ations = l&+4 ,he gave a little hi/ory ( ,/e5/rup & ,s>s1 & %[$ ! influ5ce _! embryological inve/igations h _h 9 re=m+ classification1 & also _! direct be>+ ^u ! "q ( ! orig9 ( species4 ,to ^! inve/igators sci5ce owes ! discov]y ( ! s-call$ 8alt]nate g5]ations10 9 :i* ! ,hydroid1 ei!r by budd+ or by ! break+ up ( its own body1 gives rise to num]\s jelly-fi%es2 ^! lay eggs :i* produce ,hydroids aga91 & ! ,hydroids r5ew ! process z be=e4#ad 8,^! results are b rec5tly add$ to ! annals ( sci5ce1 & are n yet v ext5sively kn[n 9 ! community2 b :5 ! facts are m fully und]/ood1 !y _c fail to affect ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( zology4 ,i h be5 a/oni%$ to see h[ little weight ,d>w9 himself gives to ?is s]ies ( trans=mations2 he h>dly alludes to x1 & yet x has a v direct be>+ on 8 !ory1 s9ce x %[s t1 h[ev] great ! div]g5ce f ! />t+-po9t 9 any process ( developm5t1 x ev] returns to ! road ( its normal de/9y2 ! cycle may be wide1 b ! b\nd>ies are z impassable z if x 7 n>r[]4 ,h[ev] ^! processes ( developm5t may approa*1 or ev5 cross ea* o!r1 !y nev] end 9 mak+ any liv+ be+ diff]5t f ! "o :i* gave x bir?1 ?\gh 9 rea*+ t po9t x may pass ?r\gh phases resembl+ o!r animals4 8,9 consid]+ ^! que/ions we %\ld rememb] h[ slight are mo/ ( ^? specific diff]5ces1 ! orig9 ( :i* gives rise to s mu* controv]sy1 9 comp>ison ) ! cycle ( *anges und]gone by e individual 9 ! c\rse ( its developm5t4 ,!re are num]\s g5]a1 includ+ _m v closely alli$ species1 di/+ui%$ by diff]5ces :i*1 7 x n = ! fact t !y h rema9$ un*ang$ & inv>iable ?r\gh ages1 might be t]m$ insignificant4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 are ! v>i\s species ( corals f\nd 9 ! ev]glades ( ,florida1 :]e !y liv$ & di$ ages ago1 & _h ! id5tical specific diff]5ces by :i* we di/+ui% _! successors 9 ! pres5t ,florida reefs4 ,! :ole sci5ce ( zology 9 its pres5t condition is bas$ ^u ! fact t ^! slight diff]5ces are ma9ta9$ g5]ation aft] g5]ation4 ,& yet e individual on su* a coral /ock1--& ! same is true ( any individual 9 any class :atsoev] ( ! :ole animal k+dom1 :e!r ,radiate1 ,mollusk1 ,articulate1 or ,v]tebrate1--be=e rea*+ its adult condition & assum+ ! p]man5t *>act]s :i* di/+ui% x f o!r species1 & h nev] be5 kn[n to v>y1 passes 9 a comp>atively %ort p]iod ?r\gh an extraord9>y trans=mation1 ! successive phases ( :i* diff] f> m f ea* o!r ?an d ! adult species4 ,9 o!r words1 ! same individual diff]s m f himself 9 successive /ages ( 8 gr[? ?an he does 9 8 adult condition f k9dr$ species ( ! same g5us4 ,! conclusion seems inevitable1 t1 if ! slight diff]5ces :i* di/+ui% species 7 n inh]5t1 & if ! phases ?r\gh :i* e individual has to pass 7 n ! appo9t$ means to rea* t end1 !mselves inv>iable1 !re w\ld be ev]-recurr+ deviations f ! normal types4 ,e naturali/ kn[s t ?is is n ! case4 ,all ! deviations kn[n to u are mon/rosities1 & ! occurr5ce ( ^!1 "u di/urb+ influ5ces1 are to my m9d only additional evid5ce ( ! fixity ( species4 ,! extreme deviations obta9$ 9 dome/icity are secur$1 z is well kn[n1 at ! exp5se ( ! typical *>act]s1 & end usually 9 ! production ( /]ile individuals4 ,all su* facts seem to %[ t s-call$ v>ieties or bre$s1 f> f indicat+ ! beg9n+ ( new types1 or ! initiat+ ( incipi5t species1 only po9t out ! range ( flexibility 9 types :i* 9 _! ess5ce are inv>iable4 8,9 ! discussion ( ! developm5t !ory 9 its pres5t =m1 a great deal is said ( ! imp]fection ( ! geological record4 ,b x seems to me t1 h[ev] fragm5t>y our k ( geology1 its incomplet5ess does n invalidate c]ta9 important po9ts 9 ! evid5ce4 ,x is well kn[n t ! cru/ ( our e>? is divid$ into a numb] ( lay]s1 all ( :i* conta9 ! rema9s ( di/9ct populations4 ,^! diff]5t sets ( inhabitants :o h possess$ ! e>? at successive p]iods h ea* a "* ( _! own4 ,! transmutation !ory insi/s t !y owe _! orig9 to gradual trans=mations1 & are n1 !re=e1 ! result ( di/9ct creative acts4 ,all agree1 h[ev]1 t we arrive at a l[] /ratum :]e no trace ( life is to be f\nd4 ,place x :]e we w3 suppose t we are mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ t we h rea*$ ! beg9n+ ( life ) ! l[e/ ,cambrian deposit2 suppose t ! fir/ animals prec$$ ?is epo*1 & t !re 0 an e>li] epo*1 to be call$ ! ,laur5tian sy/em1 beside _m o!rs old] /ill2 x is nev]!less true t geology br+s u d[n to a level at :i* ! "* ( ! e>?'s cru/ made organic life impossible4 ,at ?is po9t1 :]ev] we place x1 ! orig9 ( animals by developm5t 0 impossible1 because !y _h no ance/ors4 ,?is is ! true />t+-po9t1 & until we h "s facts to prove t ! p[]1 :atev] x 01 :i* orig9at$ ! fir/ animals has ceas$ to act1 ,i see no reason = ref]r+ ! orig9 ( life to any o!r cause4 ,i grant t we h no su* evid5ce ( an active creative p[] z ,sci5ce requires = positive demon/ration ( h] laws1 & t we _c expla9 ! processes :i* lie at ! orig9 ( life4 ,b if ! facts are insuffici5t on our side1 !y are absolutely want+ on ! o!r4 ,we _c c]ta9ly consid] ! developm5t !ory prov$1 because a few naturali/s ?9k x plausible3 x seems plausible only to ! few1 & x is demon/rat$ by none4 ,i br+ ?is subject be=e y n[1 n to urge ^u y ?is or t !ory1 /rong z my own convictions are4 ,i wi% only to w>n y1 n aga9/ ! developm5t !ory itself1 b aga9/ ! loos5ess 9 ! me?ods ( /udy ^u :i* x is bas$4 ,:atev] be y\r ultimate op9ions on ?is subject1 let !m re/ on facts & n on argum5ts1 h[ev] plausible4 ,?is is n a "q to be argu$1 x is "o to be inve/igat$4 8,z ,i h advanc$ 9 ^! talks ) y1 ,i h become m & m dissatisfi$1 feel+ ! difficulty ( lay+ out our "w )\t a practical famili>ity ) ! objects !mselves4 ,b ?is is ! inevitable position ( "o :o is seek+ ! tru?3 till we h f\nd x1 we are m or less feel+ our way4 ,i am aw>e t 9 my lectures ,i h cov]$ a f> wid] range ( subjects ?an we c h&le1 ev5 if e man d 8 v be/2 if we accompli% "o t5? ( ! "w ,i h sugge/$1 ,i %all be m ?an satisfi$ ) ! result ( ! exp$ition4 ,9 clos+1 ,i c h>dly add any?+ to ! impressive admonitions ( ,bi%op ,pott] 9 8 p>t+ words to u la/ ,sunday1 = :i* ,i ?ank him 9 y\r "n & my own4 ,b ,i w\ld rem9d y1 t1 :ile ,am]ica has recov]$ h] political indep5d5ce1 :ile we all h t confid5ce 9 our in/itutions :i* makes u secure1 t s f> z we are true to !m1 do+ :at we d consci5ti\sly & 9 full view ( our responsibilities we %all be 9 ! "r pa?1 we h n yet a*iev$ our intellectual indep5d5ce4 ,!re is a disposition 9 ?is c\ntry to ref] all lit]>y & sci5tific matt]s to ,european tribunals2 to accept a man because he has obta9$ ! aw>d ( societies abroad4 ,an ,am]ican au?or is (t5 bett] satisfi$ if he publi% 8 book 9 ,engl& ?an at home4 ,9 my op9ion1 e man :o publi%es 8 "w on ! o!r side ( ! wat] deprives 8 c\ntry ( s mu* intellectual capital to :i* %e has a "r4 ,publi% y\r results at home1 & let ,europe discov] :e!r !y are wor? read+4 ,n until y are fai?ful to y\r citiz5%ip 9 y\r intellectual z well z y\r political life1 w y be truly upright & wor?y /ud5ts ( nature40 ,at ! conclusion ( ^! rem>ks a set ( resolutions 0 read by ,bi%op ,pott]4#ae ,!y 7 foll[$ by a few little fri5dly spee*es1 all made 9 ! mo/ in=mal & cordial _s2 & s end$ our c\rse ( lectures on bo>d ! ,colorado4 ,lat] 9 ! day we obs]v$ s+ul> bright r$ pat*es 9 ! sea4 ,"s 7 n less ?an sev5 or eight feet 9 l5g?1 r oblong1 & ! :ole mass look$ z r$ z blood4 ,sometimes !y seem$ to lie on ! v top ( ! wat]1 sometimes to be a little bel[ x1 s z only to t+e ! rippl+ surface4 ,"o ( ! sailors succe$$ 9 cat*+ a portion ( x 9 a bucket1 :5 x 0 f\nd to consi/ ( a solid mass ( little cru/aceans1 bright r$ 9 color4 ,!y 7 all v lively1 keep+ up a con/ant rapid motion4 ,mr4 ,agassiz exam9$ !m "u ! microscope & f\nd !m to be ! "y ( a crab4 ,he has no d\bt t e su* pat* is a s+le brood1 float+ ?us compactly toge!r l spawn4 ----- ,footnote #b3 ,on ! #ag? ( ,may1 ne>ly a mon? aft] our arrival 9 ,rio1 ?is cl\d 0 int]pret$ to u4 ,x 01 inde$1 *>g$ ) ! issues ( life & dea?1 = x 0 on ?is day & ! foll[+ t ! f9al assaults on ,pet]sburg 7 made1 & ! cl\d :i* m>r$ an o!rwise /a9less sky1 z we 7 pass+ along ! %ores ( ,virg9ia1 01 no d\bt1 ! mass ( smoke ga!r$ above ! oppos+ l9es ( ! two armies4 ,footnote #c3 ,! species ( ,hydroids mo/ num]\s ^u ! gulf-we$ h n yet be5 describ$1 & w\ld =m a valuable addition to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,acalephs4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! animals ( ?is class inhabit+ ! ,atlantic coa/ ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & especially ! ,new ,engl& %ores1 ,i may ref] to ! ?ird volume ( my ,contributions to ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to ! second numb] ( ! ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue ( ! ,museum ( ,comp>ative ,zology at ,cambridge4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #d3 8,?is /ream10 he writes1 8is probably g5]at$ by ! great accumulation ( wat] on ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,am]ica1 betwe5 ! tropics1 by ! trade-w9ds :i* con/antly bl[ !re40 ,^! views1 ?\gh vaguely h9t$ at by old ,spani% navigators1 7 fir/ di/9ctly set =? by ,frankl91 &1 z is /at$ 9 a rec5t pr9t$ report ( ! ,coa/ ,survey ,explorations1 8!y receive confirmation f e discov]y :i* ! advance ( sci5tific rese>* br+s to aid 9 ! solution ( ! great problem ( oceanic circulation40 ,footnote #e3 ,no "o c read ! acc\nt ( ! explorations und]tak5 by ! ,coa/ ,survey 9 ! ,gulf ,/ream1 & cont9u$ dur+ a numb] ( successive ye>s1 & ! in/ructions receiv$ by ! (fic]s ?us employ$ f ! ,sup]9t5d5t1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,d4 ,ba*e1 )\t feel+ h[ compreh5sive1 ke51 & p]sev]+ 0 ! intellect :i* has long presid$ ov] ?is dep>tm5t ( our public works4 ,! result is a v ?or\gh survey ( ! /ream1 especially along ! coa/ ( our own cont95t1 ) sections giv+ ! temp]ature to a great dep?1 ! relations ( ! cold & w>m /reaks1 ! =m ( ! ocean bottom1 z well z v>i\s o!r details respect+ ! direction & =ce ( ! curr5t1 ! d5sity & color ( ! wat]1 & ! animal & vegetable productions conta9$ 9 x4 7,see ,app5dix ,no4 ,i47--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #f3 ,?is anticipation 0 m ?an confirm$ by ! result ( ! j\rney4 ,x is true t ,mr4 ,agassiz did n g beyond ! ,p]uvian fronti]1 & !re=e c\ld n v]ify 8 prophecy 9 t region4 ,b he f\nd ! localization ( species 9 ! ,amazons circumscrib$ )9 mu* n>r[] limits ?an he expect$1 ! :ole l5g? ( ! great /ream1 z well z its tribut>ies1 be+ brok5 up into num]\s di/9ct faun4 ,!re c be no d\bt t :at is true = ne>ly ?ree ?\s& miles ( its c\rse is true also = ! head-wat]s ( ! ,amazons2 inde$1 o!r inve/igators h already describ$ "s species f its high] tribut>ies diff]+ entirely f ^? collect$ ^u ?is exp$ition4 ,footnote #g3 ,mr4 ,agassiz aft]w>d visit$ ^! hills himself1 & an acc\nt ( _! /ructure & probable orig9 w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ! physical hi/ory ( ! ,amazons4 ,footnote #h3 ,see ,app5dix ,no4 ,,ii4 ,footnote #i3 ,x prov$ 9 ! sequel unnecess>y to seek ! glacial ph5om5a ( tropical ,s\? ,am]ica 9 its highe/ m\nta9s4 ,9 ,brazil ! mora9es are z di/9ct & z well pres]v$ 9 "s ( ! coa/ ranges on ! ,atlantic side1 n m ?an twelve or fifte5 hundr$ feet high1 z 9 any glaciat$ localities kn[n to geologi/s 9 m nor!rn p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! sn[ l9e1 ev5 9 ^? latitudes1 !n desc5d$ s l[ t masses ( ice =m$ above its level actually =c$ _! way d[n to ! sea-coa/4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #aj3 ,9 copy+ ! j\rnal f :i* ^! notes are tak51 ,i h hesitat$ to burd5 ! n>rative ) anatomical details4 ,b = ^? :o take an int]e/ 9 su* inve/igations x may be well to add "h t ! frog1 :5 fir/ hat*$1 is simply an oblong body1 )\t any app5dages1 & tap]+ slightly t[>ds its po/]ior end4 ,9 t condition x resembles ! ,cecilia4 ,9 its next /age1 t ( ! tadpole1 :5 ! extremity has elongat$ into a tail1 ! gills are fairly develop$1 & x has "o pair ( imp]fect legs1 x resembles ! ,sir51 ) its rudim5t>y limbs4 ,9 its succe$+ /ages1 :5 ! same animal has two pairs ( legs & a f9 ar\nd ! tail1 x recalls ! ,proteus & ,m5obran*us4 ,f9ally ! gills are suppress$1 ! animal brea!s ?r\gh lungs1 b ! tail /ill rema9s2 x !n recalls ,m5opoma & ! ,salam&]s4 ,at la/ ! tail %r9ks & disappe>s1 & ! frog is complete4 ,?is gives u a /&>d by :i* ! relative position ( ! lead+ gr\ps ( ! class may safely be det]m9$4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #aa3 ,on acc\nt ( ! _m explor+ exp$itions = :i* ! ,bay ( ,rio de ,janeiro has be5 a favorite port1 x has acquir$ a special int]e/ = ! naturali/4 ,x may seem at fir/ sight z if ! fact t ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 ,g]man1 ,russian1 & ,am]ican exp$itions h foll[$ ea* o!r 9 ?is locality1 dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 ea* br++ away its ri* h>ve/ ( specim5s1 by dim9i%+ its novelty w\ld r less5 ?an increase its int]e/ z a collect+ gr\nd4 ,on ! contr>y1 = ! v reason t ! specim5s f :i* ! great] "p ( ! descriptions & figures conta9$ 9 ! publi%$ acc\nts ( ^! voyages 7 obta9$ f ,rio de ,janeiro & its neighborhood1 x becomes indisp5sable t e zological museum aim+ at sci5tific accuracy & complet5ess %\ld h orig9al specim5s f t v locality = ! id5tification ( species already describ$4 ,o!rwise d\bts respect+ ! /rict id5tity or specific diff]5ce ( specim5s obta9$ on o!r p>ts ( ! ,atlantic %ore1 n only 9 ,s\? ,am]ica b 9 ,c5tral & ,nor? ,am]ica1 may at any "t invalidate important g5]alizations conc]n+ ! di/ribution ( animals 9 ^! seas4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! ,bay ( ,rio de ,janeiro =ms a mo/ important c5tre ( comp>ison1 & x 0 = ?is reason t we made s prolong$ a /ay !re4 ,al?\gh ! prospect ( discov]+ any novelties 0 dim9i%$ by ! ext5sive inve/igations ( our pr$ecessors1 ,i well knew t :atev] we collect$ !re w\ld greatly increase ! value ( our collections else:]e4 ,"o ( my special aims 0 to asc]ta9 h[ f> ! m>9e animals inhabit+ ! coa/ ( ,brazil to ! s\? ( ,cape ,frio diff]$ f ^? to ! nor? ( x1 & fur!rmore1 h[ ! animals f\nd along ! coa/ betwe5 ,cape ,frio & ,cape ,/4 ,roque diff]$ f or agre$ ) ^? inhabit+ ! m nor!rn %ore ( ! cont95t & ! ,we/ ,indian ,isl&s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ *apt]s ,i %all h occasion to return1 m 9 detail1 to ?is subject4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ab3 ,mol9esia & ,pcilia4 ,footnote #ac3 ,?is lecture 0 accompani$ by c>eful descriptions & draw+s on ! blackbo>d1 %[+ ! /ructural diff]5ces betwe5 ^! gr\ps4 ,^! are omitt$1 z !y w\ld h little int]e/ = ! g5]al read]4 ,! *ief object 9 report+ ^! lectures is to %[ ! aims :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz plac$ be=e himself & 8 companions 9 lay+ out ! "w ( ! exp$ition1 & ^! are made suffici5tly cle> )\t fur!r sci5tific details4 ,footnote #ad3 ,z ^! inve/igations h be5 publi%$ ) s mu* detail 7,/e5/rup1 ,alt]nate ,g5]ation1 ,s>s's ,fauna ,norwegica2 ,l4 ,agassiz1 ,contr4 to ,nat4 ,hi/4 ( ,u4 ,s471 x has n be5 ?\ght necess>y to reproduce ?is "p ( ! lecture "h4 ,any "o :o c>es to read a less te*nical acc\nt ( ^! inve/igations ?an ^? orig9ally publi%$1 w f9d x 9 8,me?ods ( ,/udy10 by ,l4 ,agassiz4 ,footnote #ae3 ,see ,app5dix ,no4 ,,iii4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro ,,& ,,its ,,environs4--,,juiz ,,de ,,=a4 ,,arrival4--,,aspect ,,( ,,h>bor ,,& ,,city4--,,cu/om-,,h\se4--,,fir/ ,,glimpse ,,( ,,brazilian ,,life4--,,negro ,,dance4--,,effect ,,( ,,emancipation ,,9 ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,^u ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,brazil4--,,fir/ ,,aspect ,,( ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro ,,on ,,l&4--,,picturesque ,,/reet ,,gr\ps4--,,eclipse ,,( ,,! ,,sun4--,,at ,,home ,,9 ,,rio4--,,l>angeiras4--,,passeio ,,publico4--,,excursion ,,on ,,! ,,dom ,,p$ro ,,railroad4--,,visit ,,( ,,! ,,emp]or ,,to ,,! ,,colorado4--,,cordiality ,,( ,,gov]nm5t ,,to ,,! ,,exp$ition4--,,laboratory4--,,botanical ,,g>d54--,,alley ,,( ,,palms4--,,excursion ,,to ,,! ,,corcovado4--,,juiz ,,de ,,=a ,,road4--,,petropolis4--,,tropical ,,vegetation4--,,ride ,,f ,,petropolis ,,to ,,juiz ,,de ,,=a4--,,visit ,,to ,,s5hor ,,lage4--,,excursion ,,to ,,! 8,,=e/ ,,( ,,! ,,empress40--,,visit ,,to ,,mr4 ,,halfeld4--,,return ,,to ,,rio4--,,news ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,victories1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,presid5t',s ,,assass9ation4 ,april #bc;d4--,ye/]day at e>ly dawn we made ,cape ,frio light1 & at sev5 o'clock 7 ar\s$ by ! welcome in=mation t ! ,organ ,m\nta9s 7 9 sight4 ,! coa/ range "h1 ?\gh n v l(ty1 7its highe/ summits rang+ only f two to ?ree ?\s& feet17 is bold & precipit\s4 ,! peaks are v conical1 & ! sides slope /eeply to ! wat]'s edge1 :]e1 9 _m places1 a wide bea* runs along _! base4 ,! sc5]y grew m picturesque z we approa*$ ! entrance ( ! bay1 :i* is gu>d$ by heights ris+ s5t9el-l on ei!r side4 ,once )9 ?is n>r[ rocky portal1 ! imm5se h>bor1 /ret*+ nor?w>d = m ?an tw5ty miles1 seems r l a va/ lake enclos$ by m\nta9s ?an l a bay4 ,on "o side ext5ds ! ridge :i* %uts x f ! sea1 brok5 by ! %>p peaks ( ! ,corcovado1 ! ,tijuca1 & ! flat-topp$ ,gavia2 on ! o!r side1 & m inl&1 ! ,organ ,m\nta9s lift _! s+ul> ne$le-l po9ts1 :ile )9 ! entrance rises ! b>e bleak rock s well kn[n z ! ,sug> ,loaf 7,pa de ,assuc>74 ,7 x n = ! gateway beh9d u1 ?r\gh :i* we /ill h a glimpse ( ! op5 ocean1 & = ! %ipp+ ly+ "h at an*or1 leav+ ! port or ent]+ x1 we might easily believe t we 7 float+ on "s great quiet %eet ( inl& wat]4 ,we rea*$ our an*orage at elev5 o'clock1 b 7 9 no ha/e to leave ! ocean home :]e we h be5 s happy & s com=table = ?ree weeks pa/2 & z ! capta9 _h k9dly invit$ u to /ay on bo>d till our p]man5t arrangem5ts 7 made1 we rema9$ on deck1 greatly ent]ta9$ by all ! /ir & confusion att5d+ our arrival4 ,"s ( our "y p took "o ( ! _m boats :i* cr[d$ at once ar\nd our /eam]1 & w5t directly to ! city2 b we 7 satisfi$ ) ! impressions ( ! day1 & n sorry to leave !m undi/urb$4 ,z night came on1 sunset lit up ! m\nta9s & ! h>bor4 ,9 ?is latitude1 h[ev]1 ! glory ( ! twilight is soon ov]1 & z d>kness fell ^u ! city x began to glitt] ) innum]able lights along ! %ore & on ! hillsides4 ,! city ( ,rio de ,janeiro spreads 9 a k9d ( cresc5t %ape ar\nd ! we/]n side ( ! bay1 its environs /ret*+ out to a consid]able di/ance along ! bea*es1 & runn+ up on to ! hills beh9d also4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is disposition ( ! h\ses1 cov]+ a wide area & scatt]$ ^u ! wat]'s edge1 in/ead ( be+ compact & conc5trat$1 ! appe>ance ( ! city at night is exce$+ly pretty4 ,x has a k9d ( sc5ic effect4 ,! lights run up on ! hill-slopes1 a little clu/] cr[n+ _! summits "h & !re1 & !y glimm] all along ! %ore = two or ?ree miles on ei!r side ( ! c5tral1 bus9ess "p ( ! t[n4 ,soon aft] our arrival ,mr4 ,agassiz receiv$ an (ficial visit f a cu/om-h\se ag5t1 say+ t he _h ord]s to l& all our baggage )\t exam9ation1 & t a boat w\ld be s5t at any day & h\r conv5i5t to him to br+ 8 effects on %ore4 ,?is 0 a great relief1 z ! sci5tific app>atus1 add$ to ! p]sonal luggage ( s l>ge a p>ty1 makes a fe>ful array ( boxes1 cases1 c4 ,x w\ld be a long bus9ess to pass x all ?r\gh ! cumbr\s c]emonies ( a cu/om-h\se4 ,?is aft]noon1 :ile ,mr4 ,agassiz _h gone to ,san ,*ri/ovo#af to ackn[l$ge ?is c\rtesy & to pay 8 respects to ! ,emp]or1 we 7 w&]+ ov] a little isl& 7,ilha das ,enxadas7 ne> :i* our %ip lies1 & f :i* %e takes 9 coal = h] f>!r voyage4 ,! proprietor1 besides 8 coal-:>f1 has a v pretty h\se & g>d51 ) a small *apel adjo9+4 ,x 0 my fir/ glimpse ( tropical vegetation & ( ,brazilian life1 & _h all ! *>m ( novelty4 ,z we l&$1 a gr\p ( slaves1 black z ebony1 7 s++ & danc+ a f&ango4 ,s f> z we c\ld und]/&1 !re 0 a lead] :o op5$ ! game ) a sort ( *ant1 app>5tly address$ to ea* 9 turn z he pass$ ar\nd ! circle1 ! o!rs jo9+ 9 *orus at regul> int]vals4 ,pres5tly he broke into a dance :i* rose 9 wildness & excitem5t1 accompani$ by cries & ejaculations4 ,! movem5ts ( ! body 7 a s+ul> comb9ation ( negro & ,spani% dances4 ,! legs & feet _h ! %ort1 j]k+1 loose-jo9t$ motion ( our negroes 9 danc+1 :ile ! upp] "p ( ! body & ! arms _h t sway+1 rhy?mical movem5t f side to side s *>act]i/ic ( all ! ,spani% dances4 ,aft] look+ on = a :ile we w5t into ! g>d51 :]e !re 7 cocoa-nut & banana trees 9 fruit1 passion-v9es climb+ ov] ! h\se1 ) "h & !re a d>k crimson fl[] gleam+ betwe5 ! leaves4 ,! effect 0 pretty1 & ! :ole sc5e _h1 to my eye1 an aspect half ,s\!rn1 half ,ori5tal4 ,x 0 ne>ly d>k :5 we return$ to ! boat1 b ! negroes 7 cont9u+ _! dance "u ! gl[ ( a bonfire4 ,f "t to "t1 z ! dance rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t1 !y /irr$ _! fire1 & light$ up ! wild gr\p ) its vivid blaze4 ,! dance & ! song _h1 l ! amusem5ts ( ! negroes 9 all l&s1 an endless monoton\s repetition4 ,look+ at _! half-nak$ figures & un9tellig5t faces1 ! "q arose1 s con/antly sugge/$ :5 we come 9 contact ) ?is race1 8,:at w !y d ) ?is great gift ( fre$om80 ,! only corrective = ! half d\bt is to consid] ! :ites side by side ) !m3 :atev] "o may ?9k ( ! condition ( slav]y = ! blacks1 !re c be no "q z to its evil effects on _! ma/]s4 ,capta9 ,bradbury ask$ ! proprietor ( ! isl& :e!r he hir$ or own$ 8 slaves4 8,own !m1--a hundr$ & m2 b x w f9i% soon10 he answ]$ 9 8 brok5 ,engli%4 8,f9i% soon6 h[ d y mean80 8,x f9i% ) y2 & :5 x f9i% ) y1 x f9i% "h1 x f9i% ev]y:]e40 ,he said x n 9 any tone ( regret or compla9t1 b z an inevitable fact4 ,! dea?-note ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 its dea?-note ev]y:]e4 ,we ?\ght ?is significant & *e]+4 ,april #bd?4--,to-day we ladies w5t on %ore = a few h\rs1 engag$ our rooms1 & drove ab\t ! city a little4 ,! want ( cleanl9ess & ?rift 9 ! g5]al aspect ( ,rio de ,janeiro is v /rik+ z comp>$ ) ! ord]1 neatness1 & regul>ity ( our l>ge t[ns4 ,! n>r[ /reets1 ) ! inevitable gutt] runn+ d[n ! middle1--a s9k = all k9ds ( impurities1--! abs5ce ( a prop] sew]age1 ! g5]al aspect ( decay 7p>tly due1 no d\bt1 to ! dampness ( ! climate71 ! indol5t expression ( ! p g5]ally1 make a s+ul> impression on "o :o comes f ! mid/ ( our /irr+1 en]getic population4 ,& yet x has a picturesqu5ess t1 to ! travell] at lea/1 comp5sates = its defects4 ,all :o h se5 "o ( ^! old ,portuguese or ,spani% tropical t[ns1 ) _! odd n>r[ /reets & _m-color$ h\ses ) balconi$ w9d[s & /ucco$ or pa9t$ walls1 only ! m v>iegat$ f ! fact t "h & !re ! /ucco has peel$ (f1 "k ! fasc9ation & ! *>m :i* make !mselves felt1 spite ( ! dirt & discom=t4 ,!n ! gr\ps 9 ! /reet1--! half-nak$ black c>ri]s1 _m ( !m /raight & firm z bronze /atues "u ! heavy loads :i* re/ s securely on _! heads1 ! padres 9 _! long coats & squ>e hats1 ! mules lad5 ) baskets ( fruit or vegetables1--all ?is makes a motley sc5e1 ent]ta9+ en\gh to ! new-com]4 ,i h nev] se5 su* effective-look+ negroes1 f an arti/ic po9t ( view1 z "h4 ,to-day a black woman pass$ u 9 ! /reet1 dress$ 9 :ite1 ) b>e neck & arms1 ! sleeves caught up ) "s k9d ( armlet1 a l>ge :ite turban ( s(t musl9 on h] head1 & a long bright-color$ %awl pass$ crosswise "u "o arm & ?r[n ov] ! o!r %\ld]1 hang+ almo/ to ! feet beh9d4 ,%e no d\bt 0 ( ! color$ g5try4 ,j beyond h] sat a black woman on ! curb/one1 almo/ )\t clo?+1 h] glossy sk9 %9+ 9 ! sun1 & h] nak$ *ild asleep across h] knees4 ,or take ?is z ano!r picture3 an old wall sev]al feet wide1 cov]$ ) v9es1 ov]hung ) ?ick foliage1 ! top ( :i* seems to be a /& = ! v5d]s ( fruits1 vegetables1 c4 ,"h lies at full l5g? a p[]ful negro look+ ov] into ! /reet1 8 jetty arms cross$ on a huge basket ( crimson fl[]s1 oranges & bananas1 aga9/ :i* he half re/s1 seem+ly too indol5t to lift a f+] ev5 to attract a pur*as]4 ,april #be?4--,nature seems to welcome our arrival1 n only by h] mo/ g5ial1 b also by h] exceptional moods4 ,!re has be5 to-day an eclipse ( ! sun1 total at ,cape ,frio1 sixty miles f "h1 almo/ total "h4 ,we saw x f ! deck ( ! %ip1 n hav+ yet tak5 up our qu>t]s 9 t[n4 ,! effect 0 z /range z x 0 beautiful4 ,!re 0 a some?+ weird1 uncanny 9 ! pallor & *ill :i* came ov] ! l&scape2 x 0 n 9 ! lea/ l a common twilight1 b _h a gha/ly1 phantom-l elem5t 9 x4 ,mr4 ,agassiz pass$ ! morn+ at ! palace :]e ! ,emp]or _h invit$ him to witness ! eclipse f 8 obs]vatory4 ,! cl\ds are poor c\rti]s1 h[ev]1 & un=tunately a mi/ hung ov] ,san ,*ri/ovo1 obscur+ ! ph5om5on at ! mom5t ( its greate/ int]e/4 ,our po/ ( obs]vation 0 bett] = ?is special occasion ?an ! ,imp]ial obs]vatory1 & yet1 ?\gh ! g5]al sc5e 0 p]haps m effective 9 ! h>bor ?an on ! %ore1 ,mr4 ,agassiz _h an opportunity ( mak+ "s int]e/+ obs]vations on ! action ( animals "u ^! novel circum/ances4 ,! foll[+ extract is f 8 notes4 8,! effect ( ! wan+ light on animals 0 v /rik+4 ,! bay ( ,rio is daily frequ5t$ by l>ge numb]s ( frigate-birds & gannets1 :i* at night fly to ! out] isl&s to roo/1 :ile ! c>rion-cr[s 7urubs7 sw>m+ 9 ! suburbs1 & especially ab\t ! slaught]h\ses ( ! city1 retire to ! m\nta9s 9 ! neighborhood ( ,tijuca1 _! l9e ( travel pass+ ov] ,san ,*ri/ovo4 ,z soon z ! light began to dim9i%1 ^! birds became uneasy2 evid5tly consci\s t _! day 0 /rangely encroa*$ ^u1 !y 7 unc]ta9 = a mom5t h[ to act4 ,pres5tly1 h[ev]1 z ! d>kness increas$1 !y />t$ = _! usual night qu>t]s1 ! wat]-birds fly+ s\?w>d1 ! vultures 9 a nor?we/]ly direction1 & !y _h all left _! fe$+-gr\nds be=e ! mom5t ( greate/ obscurity arriv$4 ,!y seem$ to fly 9 all ha/e1 b 7 n half-way to _! night home :5 ! light began to return ) rapidly increas+ brightness4 ,_! confusion 0 n[ at its height4 ,"s cont9u$ _! flight t[>ds ! m\nta9s or ! h>bor1 o!rs hurri$ back to ! city1 :ile o!rs :irl$ ab\t :olly unc]ta9 :at to d next4 ,! re-e/abli%m5t ( ! full light ( noon seem$ to decide !m1 h[ev]1 ^u mak+ ano!r day ( x1 & ! :ole cr[d once m mov$ /eadily t[>d ! city40 ,! cordial int]e/ %[n by ! ,emp]or 9 all ! objects ( ! pres5t exp$ition is v enc\rag+ to ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,s lib]al a _s 9 ! head ( ! gov]nm5t w make 8 own task comp>atively easy4 ,he has also se5 sev]al (ficial p]sons on bus9ess app]ta9+ to 8 sci5tific s*emes4 ,ev]y:]e he receives ! w>me/ expressions ( sympa?y1 & is assur$ t ! adm9i/ration w give him e facility 9 its p[] to c>ry out 8 plans4 ,to-night f9ds u e/abli%$ 9 our rooms1 & our ,brazilian life beg9s2 ) :at success rema9s to be se54 ,:ile /ill on bo>d ! 8,colorado0 we seem$ to h "o foot on our own soil4 ,april #bf?4--,?is morn+ ,mrs4 ,c---- & myself devot$ to ! arrang+ ( our little dome/ic matt]s1 gett+ out our books1 desks1 & o!r knickknacks1 & mak+ ourselves at home 9 our new qu>t]s1 :]e we suppose we are likely to be = "s weeks to come4 ,?is aft]noon we drove out on ! ,l>angeiras road 7lit]ally1 ! 8orang]y074 ,our fir/ drive 9 ,rio left ^u my m9d an impression ( picturesque decay2 ?+s seem$ fall+ to pieces1 x is true1 b m9dful ( arti/ic effect ev5 9 _! la/ mom5ts4 ,?is impression 0 q effac$ to-day4 ,e city has its lea/ becom+ aspect1 & x seems we _h *os5 an unfavorable direction = our fir/ t\r ( obs]vation4 ,! ,l>angeiras road is l9$ on ei!r side by a succession ( c\ntry h\ses2 l[ & spread+1 (t5 ) wide v]&as1 surr\nd$ by beautiful g>d5s1 gl[+ at ?is season ) ! sc>let leaves ( ! ,po9settia1 or 8,e/rella d ,norte0 z !y call x "h1 ) blue & yell[ ,bignonias1 & _m o!r %rubs & v9es1 ! names ( :i* we h h>dly le>n$ z yet4 ,(t51 z we drove along1 a wide gateway1 op5+ into an av5ue ( palms1 w\ld give u a glimpse ( ,brazilian life4 ,"h & !re a gr\p ( p 7 sitt+ 9 ! g>d51 or *ildr5 7 play+ 9 ! gr\nds "u ! c>e ( _! black nurses4 ,f>!r out ( t[n ! c\ntry h\ses 7 less num]\s1 b ! sc5]y 0 m picturesque4 ,! road w9ds imm$iately "u ! m\nta9s to ! foot ( ! ,corcovado1 :]e x becomes too /eep = c>riages1 ! f>!r asc5t be+ made on mules or horses4 ,b x 0 too late = u1--! peak ( ! ,corcovado 0 already ba!d 9 ! sett+ sun4 ,we w&]$ a little way up ! romantic pa?1 ga!r$ a few fl[]s1 & !n drove back to ! city1 /opp+ on our return to ramble = half an h\r 9 ! 8,passeio ,publico40 ,?is is a pretty public g>d5 on ! bay1 n l>ge b ta/efully laid out1 its great *>m be+ a broad prom5ade built up f ! wat]'s edge ) v solid masonry1 aga9/ :i* ! waves break ) a refre%+ coolness4 ,to-morr[ we are invit$ by ,major ,ellison1 *ief eng9e] ( ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad1 to g out to ! t]m9us ( ! road1 "s hundr$ miles ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! ,s]ra d ,m>4 ,illu/ration3 ,tree entw9$ by ,sipos4 ,april #bg?4--,p]haps 9 all our j\rney+s ?r\gh ,brazil we %all n h a day m impressive to u all ?an ?is "o2 we %all1 no d\bt1 see wild] sc5]y1 b ! fir/ "t t "o looks ^u nature1 "u an entirely new aspect1 has a *>m t c h>dly be repeat$4 ,! fir/ view ( high m\nta9s1 ! fir/ glimpse ( ! broad ocean1 ! fir/ sight ( a tropical vegetation 9 all its fulness1 are epo*s 9 "o's life4 ,?is wond]ful ,s\? ,am]ican =e/ is s matt$ toge!r & int]tw9$ ) gigantic p>asites t x seems m l a solid1 compact mass ( gre5 ?an l ! leafy scre51 vibrat+ ) e breeze & transp>5t to ! sun1 :i* repres5ts ! =e/ 9 ! temp]ate zone4 ,_m ( ! trees 9 ! region we pass$ ?r\gh to-day seem$ 9 ! embrace ( imm5se s]p5ts1 s l>ge 7 ! /ems ( ! p>asites w9d+ ab\t !m2 or*ids ( v>i\s k9ds & l>ge size grew ^u _! trunks2 & v9es climb$ to _! summits & ?rew !mselves d[n 9 g>l&s to ! gr\nd4 ,on ! embankm5ts also betwe5 :i* we pass$1 v9es ( _m v>ieties 7 creep+ d[n1 z if !y w\ld fa9 clo! 9 gre5 g>m5ts ! ugly gaps ! railroad _h made4 ,yet x mu/ be confess$ t1 9 ?is in/ance1 ! railroad has n de/roy$1 b r height5$1 ! picturesque sc5]y1 cutt+1 z x does1 ?r\gh passes :i* give beautiful vi/as into ! he>t ( ! m\nta9 range4 ,once1 z we issu$ f a tunnel1 :]e ! d>kness seem$ tangible1 ^u an exquisite l&scape all gleam+ 9 ! sun%9e1 a g5]al %\t f ! :ole p>ty te/ifi$ _! a/oni%m5t & admiration4 ,we 7 rid+ on an op5 c> 9 front ( ! eng9e1 s t no?+ imp$$ our view1 & we _h no inconv5i5ce f smoke or c9d]s4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ride we came into ! region ( ! mo/ valuable c(fee-plantations2 & inde$ ! road is *iefly support$ by ! transportation ( ! imm5se quantities ( c(fee rais$ along its track or beyond x4 ,ne> its t]m9us is an ext5sive faz5da1 f :i* we 7 told t five or six hundr$ tons ( c(fee are s5t out 9 a good ye>4 ,^! faz5das are s+ul>-look+ e/abli%m5ts1 l[ 7usually only "o /ory7 & v spread+1 ! l>ge/ ( !m cov]+ q an ext5sive area4 ,z !y are r isolat$ 9 situation1 !y mu/ include )9 _! own bord]s all t is ne$$ to keep !m up4 ,!re is some?+ v primitive 9 ! way ( life ( ^! great c\ntry proprietors4 ,major ,ellison told me t "s "t ago a weal?y ,m>queza liv+ at "s di/ance beyond him 9 ! int]ior1 & go+ to t[n = a /ay ( a few weeks1 /opp$ at 8 h\se to re/4 ,%e _h a troop ( ?irty-"o pack-mules1 lad5 ) all conceivable baggage1 besides provisions ( e sort1 f[ls1 hams1 c41 & a tra9 ( tw5ty-five s]vants4 ,_! hospitality is said to be unb\nd$2 y h only to pres5t y\rself at _! gates at ! end ( a day's j\rney1 & if y h ! air ( a respectable travell]1 y are sure ( a he>ty welcome1 %elt] & food4 ,! c>d ( a fri5d or a note ( introduction insures y all ! h\se c af=d = z long z y l to /ay4 ,! la/ ?ree miles ( our j\rney 0 ov] :at is call$ ! 8tempor>y road10 ! use ( :i* w be discont9u$ z soon z ! great tunnel is complet$4 ,i mu/ say1 t to ! inexp]i5c$ ?is road looks exce$+ly p]il\s1 especially t "p ( x :i* is c>ri$ ov] a wood5 bridge #fe feet high1 ) a v /rong curvature & a gradi5t ( #d p] c5t 7#baa feet p] mile74 ,z y feel ! eng9e labor+ up ! /eep asc5t1 &1 look+ out1 f9d y\rself on ! edge ( a precipit\s bank1 & almo/ face to face ) ! h9dmo/ c>1 :ile ! tra9 b5ds ar\nd ! curve1 x is difficult to resi/ ! s5se ( insecurity4 ,x is c]ta9ly greatly to ! cr$it ( ! managem5t ( ! l9e t no accid5t has occurr$ "u circum/ances :]e ! lea/ c>elessness w\ld be fatal4#ag ,x gives "o an idea ( ! labor exp5d$ on ?is railroad1 to le>n t = ! great tunnel alone1 n[ almo/ complet$ 7"o ( f\rte571 a corps ( "s ?ree hundr$ m51 reliev+ ea* o!r alt]nately1 h be5 at "w day & night1 except+ ,sundays1 = sev5 ye>s4 ,! s\nd ( hamm] & pick dur+ t "t has h>dly ev] be5 /ill1 & s h>d is ! rock ?r\gh :i* ! tunnel is pi]c$1 t (t5 ! heavie/ bl[s ( ! sl$ge yield only a little du/1--no m 9 bulk ?an a p9* ( snuff4#ah ,on our return we 7 deta9$ = half an h\r at a /ation on ! bank ( ! riv] ,p>ahyba4 ,?is fir/ visit to "o ( ! consid]able riv]s ( ,brazil 0 n )\t its memorable incid5t4 ,"o ( our fri5ds ( ! ,colorado1 :o p>ts f u "h on 8 way to ,san ,francisco1 said he 0 det]m9$ n to leave ! exp$ition )\t contribut+ some?+ to its results4 ,he improvis$ a fi%+ app>atus1 ) a /ick1 a /r+1 & a crook$ p91 & caught two fi%es1 our fir/ h>ve/ f ! fre% wat]s ( ,brazil1 "o ( :i* 0 entirely new to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 :ile ! o!r he _h nev] se51 & only knew f descriptions4 ,april #bh?4--,?is morn+ we w5t ov] to ! ,colorado1 :i* /ill lies 9 ! h>bor1 & :]e ! visit ( ! ,emp]or 0 expect$4 ,we all felt an int]e/ 9 ! occasion1 = we h a k9d ( p]sonal pride 9 ! f9e %ip ^: fir/ voyage has be5 ! s\rce ( s mu* enjoym5t to u4 ,! ,imp]ial ya*t arriv$ punctually at twelve o'clock1 & 0 receiv$ by ! capta9 ) a full salute f 8 ,p>rott guns1 fir$ ) a promptness & accuracy :i* ! ,emp]or did n fail to notice4 ,8 ,maje/y w5t ov] ! :ole /eam]2 & really an explor+ exp$ition ov] su* a _w 9 little1 ) its provision-%ops1 its cattle /alls1 its pantries & scull]ies1 its endless accommodations = pass5g]s & freight1 its v>iety ( decks & its great c5tral fires1 deep bel[ all1 is no contemptible j\rney = a tropical morn+4 ,! arrangem5ts ( ! vessel seem$ to excite ! int]e/ & admiration bo? ( ! ,emp]or & 8 suite4 ,capta9 ,bradbury invit$ 8 ,maje/y to lun* on bo>d2 he v cordially accept$1 & rema9$ "s "t aft]w>d1 conv]s+ *iefly ab\t sci5tific subjects1 & especially on matt]s connect$ ) ! exp$ition4 ,! ,emp]or is /ill a "y man2 b ?\gh only =ty1 he has be5 ! reign+ sov]eign ( ,brazil = m ?an half t "t1 & he looks c>eworn & some:at old] ?an 8 ye>s4 ,he has a dignifi$1 manly pres5ce1 a face r /]n 9 repose1 b animat$ & g5ial 9 conv]sation2 8 mann] is c\rte\s & fri5dly to all4 ,may #a/4--,we celebrat$ ,may-day 9 a /range l&1 :]e ,may u%]s 9 ! w9t]1 by driv+ to ! ,botanical ,g>d54 ,:5 ,i say we1 ,i mean usually ! unpr(essional memb]s ( ! p>ty4 ,! sci5tific corps are too busily engag$ to be ) u on _m ( our little pleasure excursions4 ,mr4 ,agassiz himself is *iefly occupi$ 9 see+ num]\s p]sons 9 (ficial positions1 ^: influ5ce is important 9 matt]s relative to ! exp$ition4 ,he is v anxi\s to complete ^! necess>y prelim9>ies1 to despat* 8 v>i\s p>ties into ! int]ior1 & to beg9 8 p]sonal inve/igations4 ,he is comm5d$ to be pati5t1 h[ev]1 & n to fret at delays2 =1 ) ! be/ w 9 ! _w1 ! dilatory national habits _c be *ang$4 ,mean:ile he has improvis$ a laboratory 9 a l>ge empty room ov] a w>eh\se 9 ! ,rua ,direita1 ! pr9cipal bus9ess /reet ( ! city4 ,"h 9 "o corn] ! orni?ologi/s1 ,mr4 ,dext] & ,mr4 ,all51 h _! b5*1--a r\gh bo>d propp$ on two casks1 ! seat an empty keg2 9 ano!r1 ,mr4 ,an?ony1 ) an app>atus ( mu* ! same k9d1 pores ov] 8 %ells2 a dissect+-table ( l c>p5try occupies a conspicu\s position2 & 9 ! mid/ ! ,pr(essor may g5]ally be se5 sitt+ on a b>rel1 = *airs !re are none1 assort+ or exam9+ specim5s1 or go+ f b5* to b5* to see h[ ! "w progresses4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! confusion ,mr4 ,burkh>dt has 8 little table1 :]e he is mak+ color$ draw+s ( ! fi% z !y are br\ght 9 fre% f ! fi%+-boats4 ,9 a small adjo9+ room ,mr4 ,sceva is prep>+ skeletons = m\nt+4 ,e "o1 9 %ort1 has 8 special task & is busily at "w4 ,a v que/ionable p]fume1 an 8anci5t & fi%-l smell10 /rongly t+$ ) alcohol1 guides "o to ?is abode ( ,sci5ce1 :]e1 not)/&+ its unattractive aspect1 ,mr4 ,agassiz receives _m visitors1 curi\s to see ! actual work+ process ( a laboratory ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 & full ( int]e/ 9 ! exp$ition4 ,"h also p\r 9 specim5s f all qu>t]s & ( e k9d2 volunt>y contributions1 :i* daily swell ! collections4#ai ,^? ( ! p>ty :o are n engag$ "h h _! "w else:]e4 ,mr4 ,h>tt & ,mr4 ,/4 ,john are at v>i\s /ations along ! railroad l9e1 mak+ geological sections ( ! road2 sev]al ( ! volunte]s are collect+ 9 ! c\ntry1 & ,mr4 ,hunnewell is /udy+ at a photographic e/abli%m5t1 fitt+ himself to assi/ ,mr4 ,agassiz 9 ?is way :5 we are beyond ! rea* ( pr(essional arti/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,side ,view ( ! ,alley ( ,palms4 ,illu/ration3 ,vi/a d[n ! ,alley ( ,palms4 ,our excursion ( to-day took u to ano!r ( ^? exquisite drives 9 ! neighborhood ( ! city1 always along ! h>bor or "s inlet ( x1 always 9 sight ( ! m\nta9s1 always bord]$ by pretty c\ntry h\ses & g>d5s4 ,! ,botanical ,g>d5 is ab\t eight miles f ! c5tre ( ! t[n4 ,x is beautiful1 because ! situation is admirably well *os51 & because any?+ t calls itself a g>d5 c h>dly fail to be beautiful 9 a climate :]e gr[? is s luxuriant4 ,b x is n kept ) great c>e4 ,inde$1 ! v read9ess ) :i* plants respond to ! lea/ culture be/[$ ^u !m "h makes x v difficult to keep gr\nds 9 t trim ord] :i* we ?9k s ess5tial4 ,?is g>d5 boa/s1 h[ev]1 "o feature z unique z x is beautiful1 9 its long av5ue ( palms1 "s eighty feet 9 height4 ,i wi% x 7 possible to give 9 words ! fa9te/ idea ( ! ar*itectural beauty ( ?is colonnade ( palms1 ) _! gre5 cr[ns meet+ to =m ! ro(4 ,/raight1 firm1 & smoo? z /one columns1 a dim vision ( colonnades 9 "s anci5t ,egyptian temple rises to ! imag9ation z "o looks d[n ! long vi/a4#bj ,may #f?4--,ye/]day1 at ! invitation ( our fri5d ,mr4 ,b----1 we asc5d$ ! fam\s ,corcovado peak4 ,leav+ ! c>riages at ! t]m9us ( ! ,l>angeiras road1 we made ! f>!r asc5t on horseback by a w9d+ n>r[ pa?1 :i*1 ?\gh a v fair road = m\nta9 travell+ 9 ord9>y wea!r1 _h be5 made exce$+ly slipp]y by ! late ra9s4 ,! ride 0 lovely ?r\gh ! fragrant =e/1 ) en*ant+ glimpses ( view "h & !re1 giv+ promise ( :at 0 be=e u4 ,occasionally a brook or a little cascade made pleasant music by ! roadside1 & :5 we /opp$ to re/ our horses we he>d ! w9d ru/le s(tly 9 ! /iff palms ov]head4 ,! beauty ( vegetation is enhanc$ "h by ! s+ul> "* ( ! soil4 ,! color ( ! e>? is peculi> all ab\t ,rio2 ( a ri* w>m r$1 x seems to gl[ b5ea? ! mass ( v9es & l>ge-leav$ plants above x1 & e n[ & !n crops out 9 vivid1 /rik+ contra/ to ! surr\nd+ v]dure4 ,frequ5tly our pa? foll[$ ! base ( su* a bank1 its deep o*re & v]milion t9ts look+ all ! s(t] = _! framework ( gre54 ,among ! l>g] gr[?1 ! ,c&elabra-tree 7,cecropia7 0 conspicu\s4 ,! /rangely regul> /ructure ( ! bran*es & its silv]y-t9t$ foliage make x /& out 9 bold relief f ! d>k] backgr\nd4 ,x is a /rik+ feature ( ! =e/ 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,a wide panoramic prospect always eludes description1 b c]ta9ly few c comb9e su* r>e elem5ts ( beauty z ! "o f ! summit ( ! ,corcovado4 ,! imm5se l&lock$ h>bor1 ) its gateway op5 to ! sea1 ! broad ocean beyond1 ! _m isl&s1 ! circle ( m\nta9s ) s(t fleecy cl\ds float+ ab\t ! ne>] peaks1--all ^! features make a wond]ful picture4 ,"o great *>m ( ?is l&scape consi/s 9 ! fact1 t1 ?\gh v ext5sive1 x is n s di/ant z to deprive objects ( _! individuality4 ,aft] all1 a v di/ant view is some?+ l an inv5tory3 s _m d>k1 gre5 pat*es1 =e/s2 s _m light] gre5 pat*es1 fields2 s _m :ite spots1 lakes2 s _m silv] ?reads1 riv]s1 c4 ,b "h special effects are n lo/ 9 ! gr&eur ( ! :ole4 ,on ! extreme peak ( ! height a wall has be5 built ar\nd ! edge1 ! desc5t on "o side be+ s v]tical t a false /ep might hurl "o to in/ant de/ruction4 ,at ?is wall we dism\nt$ & l+]$ long1 unwill+ to leave ! beautiful view be=e sunset4 ,we 71 h[ev]1 anxi\s to return by daylight1 &1 to confess ! tru?1 be+ a timor\s & inexp]i5c$ rid] at be/1 ,i 0 n )\t "s anxiety z to ! desc5t1 = ! latt] "p ( ! slipp]y road _h be5 a %e] scramble4 ,putt+ a bold face on ! matt]1 h[ev]1 ,i resum$ my seat1 try+ to look z if x 7 my habit to m\nt horses on ! tops ( high m\nta9s & slide d[n to ! bottom4 ,?is is really no inaccurate description ( our desc5t = ! fir/ t5 m9utes1 aft] :i* we rega9$ ! m level pa? at ! little /ation call$ 8! ,paneiras40 ,we are told to-day t p>ties usually leave _! horses at ?is /ation & asc5d ! re/ ( ! way on foot1 ! road beyond t be+ s /eep t x is consid]$ unsafe = rid+4 ,h[ev]1 we rea*$ ! pla9 )\t accid5t1 & ,i look back ^u ye/]day's ride ) "s complac5cy z a fir/ lesson 9 m\nta9 travell+4#ba ,may #bj?4--,on ,friday1 ! #ab? ( ,may1 we left ,rio on our fir/ excursion ( any l5g?4 ,a day or two aft] our arrival ,mr4 ,agassiz _h receiv$ an invitation f ! ,presid5t ( ! ,union & ,indu/ry ,company to g ) "s ( 8 p>ty ov] _! road f ,petropolis to ,juiz de ,=a1 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,m9as ,g]es1 a road celebrat$ n only = ! beauty ( its sc5]y1 b also = its own excell5ce4 ,a ^w z to ! circum/ances "u :i* x has be5 built may n be amiss "h2 & x mu/ be confess$1 t1 if ! ,brazilians are1 z !y are said to be1 sl[ 9 _! progress1 ! improvem5ts !y d und]take are c>ri$ out ) great ?or\ghness4 ,x is true t ! con/ruction ( ! road has be5 intru/$ to ,fr5* eng9e]s1 b ! lead+ man 9 its projection & ultimate completion has be5 a ,brazilian1 ,s5hor ,m>iano ,procopio ,f]reira ,lage1 a native ( ! prov9ce ( ,m9as ,g]es4 ,?is prov9ce is said to be rem>kable = ! great en]gy & intellig5ce ( its inhabitants1 z comp>$ ) ^? ( ! adjo9+ prov9ces4 ,p]haps ?is may be ow+ to its cool] climate1 mo/ ( its t[ns ly+ among ! highl&s ( ! ,s]ras1 & enjoy+ a fre%]1 m /imulat+ air ?an ^? ne>] ! sea-coa/4 ,be=e und]tak+ ! build+ ( ?is road1 ,s5hor ,lage travell$ bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica ) ! purpose ( le>n+ all ! mod]n improvem5ts 9 works ( a simil> "*4 ,! result be>s te/imony to ! en]gy & pati5ce ) :i* he has c>ri$ out 8 project4#bb ,twelve ye>s ago ! only means ( go+ into ! int]ior f ,petropolis 0 ?r\gh n>r[1 dang]\s1 brok5 mule-tracks1 & a j\rney ( a hundr$ miles involv$ a difficult ride ( ?ree or f\r days4 ,n[ "o travels f ,petropolis to ,juiz de ,=a betwe5 sunrise & sunset ov] a po/-road equal to any 9 ! _w1 *ang+ mules e t5 or twelve miles at pretty little /ations1 built some:at 9 ! /yle ( ,swiss *lets1 ea* "o ( :i* is a settlem5t = ! ,g]man coloni/s :o h be5 induc$ to come out z workm5 on ! road4 ,?is emigration 9 itself is a great advantage to ! c\ntry2 :]ev] ^! little ,g]man villages occur1 ne/l$ d[n among ! hills1 !re are ! neat vegetable & fl[] g>d5s1 ! tidy h\ses1 ! g5]al aspect ( ?rift & com=t1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! bett] classes ( ! ,g]man peasantry4 ,nom9ally no slaves are all[$ on ! s]vice ( ! road1 ,portuguese & ,g]man workm5 be+ *iefly employ$4 ,?is is a regulation :i* applies n only "h1 b on o!r public works ab\t ,rio4 ,! contracts grant$ by ! gov]nm5t expressly exclude ! employm5t ( slaves1 ?\gh un=tunately ?is rule is n adh]$ to /rictly1 because = ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 k9ds ( "w no sub/itute = slave labor has yet be5 f\nd4 ,9 ! direct c>e ( ! road1 h[ev]1 9 ! repairs1 = in/ance1 requir+ gangs ( m5 :o are con/antly at "w bla/+ rock & crack+ ! fragm5ts into small pieces = ! fre% macadamiz+ ( any imp]fect spot1 m5d+ any defects 9 ! embankm5ts or walls1 c41 none b free labor is employ$4 ,?is attempt to exclude slaves f ! public works is an emancipation movem5t1 und]tak5 ) ! idea ( gradually limit+ slave labor to agricultural processes1 & ridd+ ! l>ge cities & _! neighborhood ( ! pres5ce ( slav]y4 ,! subject ( emancipation is no su* political bugbe> "h z x has be5 ) u4 ,x is v lib]ally & calmly discuss$ by all classes2 ! g5]al feel+ is aga9/ ! in/itution1 & x seems to be tak5 = grant$ t x w disappe> be=e _m ye>s are ov]4 ,dur+ ?is v session ( ! ,assembly "o or two bills = emancipation h be5 br\ght =w>d4 ,ev5 n[ any ent]pris+ negro may obta9 8 fre$om1 &1 once obta9$1 !re is no ob/acle to 8 ris+ 9 social or political /ation4 ,b :ile f ?is po9t ( view slav]y is less absolute ?an x 0 ) u1 x has "s appall+ aspects4 ,! slaves1 at lea/ 9 ! cities1 are lit]ally bea/s ( burd54 ,"o sees ! mo/ cumb]some furniture1--pianos & ! l1 & ! heavie/ trunks or b>rels1 pil$ "o on top ( ! o!r1 or bales ( sug> & c(fee weigh+ hundr$s ( p\nds1--mov+ ab\t ! /reets on ! heads ( ! negroes4 ,! result ( ?is is t _! limbs (t5 become crippl$1 & x is common to see negroes 9 ! prime ( life :o are q crook$ & maim$1 & c h>dly walk )\t a /ick to lean ^u4 ,9 ju/ice ,i mu/ add1 h[ev]1 t ?is practice1 ?\gh x %ocks a /rang] ev5 n[1 is gradually disappe>+4 ,we are told t a few ye>s ago !re 7 h>dly any baggage-wagons except ^! liv+ ones1 & t ! habit ( us+ ! blacks 9 ?is way is go+ out ( vogue4 ,9 ?is z 9 o!r matt]s ! ,emp]or's op9ions are ^? ( an enlight5$ & humane man1 & 7 8 p[] equal to 8 w1 slav]y w\ld vani% f 8 dom9ions at once4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 too wise n to "k t all great social *anges mu/ be gradual2 b he op5ly decl>es 8 abhorr5ce ( ! sy/em4#bc ,b to return f ?is digression to ! road ( ! ,union & ,indu/ry ,company4 ,x is n[ complet$ z f> z ,juiz de ,=a1 af=d+ e conv5i5ce = ! transport ( ! ri* h>ve/ ( c(fee con/antly travell+ ov] x f all ! faz5das 9 ! region4 ,z ! :ole di/rict is v ri* 9 c(fee-plantations1 ! improvem5t 9 ! means ( transportation is ( c\rse v important to ! comm]cial int]e/s ( ! c\ntry1 & ,s5hor ,lage is mak+ practicable roads to ! smalle/ settlem5ts 9 8 neighborhood4 ,he has n1 h[ev]1 be5 free f ! difficulties :i* m5 enc\nt] ^: s*emes are 9 advance ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,no d\bt a great "p ( ! dissatisfaction is ow+ to ! fact t ! road is n s remun]ative z 0 anticipat$1 ! advance ( ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad hav+ impair$ its success4 ,/ill x mu/ be consid]$ z a monum5t to ! public _s & en]gy ( ! m5 :o und]took x4 ,n wi%+ to int]rupt ! c\rse ( ! n>rative1 ,i h ?\ght x be/ to preface ! /ory ( our j\rney by "s acc\nt ( ?is road1 ! build+ ( :i* is a significant fact 9 ! pres5t hi/ory ( ,brazil4 ,i w n[ take up aga9 ! ?read ( our p]sonal adv5tures4 ,leav+ ! city at two o'clock 9 ! f]ry-boat1 we kept up ! h>bor "s fifte5 miles4 ,!re 0 a cool breeze1 & ! day1 ?\gh w>m1 0 n oppressive4 ,pass+ ! l>ge ,ilha d ,gov]nador1 ! small] b exce$+ly pretty isl& ( ,paqueta1 & _m o!rs1 ) _! palms1 banana & acacia trees1 dott+ ! h>bor ( ,rio & add+ ano!r grace to its beauty1 we l&$ 9 ab\t an h\r & a qu>t] at ! little t[n ( ,mau4#bd ,"h we took ! c>s1 & an h\r's ride ?r\gh l[ & m>%y gr\nds br\ght u to ! foot ( ! ,s]ra 7,raiz da ,s]ra71 :]e we left ! railroad = ! po/-coa*1 :i* runs regul>ly f ?is /ation4 ,! drive 0 delightful1 9 an op5 dilig5ce drawn by f\r mules on ! full gallop ov] a road z smoo? z a floor4 ,x w\nd zigzag up ! m\nta9s1 ?r\gh ! wilde/ sc5]y1 :ile bel[ u lay ! valley brok5 into a bill[y sea ( gre5 hills1 & ! h>bor ) ! coa/ range beyond1 gr[+ s(t & mell[ 9 ! aft]noon sun%9e4 ,to complete ! picture1 "o mu/ clo! x 9 palms & acacias & tree-f]ns1 & drape x 9 a tangle ( p>asitic gr[?1 ) abundant bloom ( ! purple ,qu>esma 7,fl[] ( ,l5t71#be ! ,?unb]gia v9e1 ) its little /raw-color$ blossoms creep+ ov] e wall & %rub1 & ! blue & yell[ ,bignonias4 ,we are con/antly a/oni%$ at ! v>iety ( palms4 ,a palm is su* a r>ity 9 our hot-h\ses1 t we easily =get h[ num]\s & v>i$ !y are 9 _! native =e/s4 ,we h ! sc>let-oak1 ! :ite-oak1 ! scrub-oak1 ! *e/nut-oak1 ! swamp-oak1 & _m o!rs4 ,& s 9 ! tropical =e/ !re is ! cocoanut-palm1 ) its swoll51 bulb-l /em :5 "y1 its tall1 /raight trunk :5 full gr[n1 its clu/] ( heavy fruit1 & its long1 plume-l1 droop+ fl[]2#bf ! ,coccoeiro1 ) its slight] trunk & p5dant bran*es ( small b]ry-l fruit2 ! ,palmetto1 ) its t5d] succul5t bud on ! summit ( ! /em1 :i* is us$ z a vegetable "h1 & makes an excell5t sub/itute = cabbage2 ! ?orny ,ic>ee or ,c>i1 a v>iety ( fan-palms1 ) _! leaves cut l ribbons2 & v _m o!rs1 ea* ) its *>act]i/ic foliage & appe>ance4#bg ,! m\nta9s along ! road1 z inde$ ?r\gh\t ! neighborhood ( ,rio1 are ( v peculi> =ms1 /eep & conical1 sugge/+ at fir/ sight a volcanic orig94 ,x is ?is abruptness ( outl9e :i* gives s mu* gr&eur to m\nta9 ranges "h1 ! av]age height ( :i* does n exce$ two or ?ree ?\s& feet4 ,a clos] exam9ation ( _! /ructure %[s t _! wild1 fanta/ic =ms are ! result ( ! sl[ processes ( dis9tegration1 n ( sudd5 convulsions4 ,inde$1 ! rocks "h diff] s mu* 9 ext]nal "* f ^? ( ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e1 t ! ,european geologi/ /&s at fir/ bewild]$ be=e !m1 & feels t ! "w ( 8 life is to be done ov] aga94 ,x is "s "t be=e he obta9s a clew to ! facts & br+s !m into h>mony ) 8 previ\s k4 ,?us f> ,mr4 ,agassiz f9ds himself pa9fully p]plex$ by ?is new aspect ( ph5om5a s famili> to him 9 o!r regions1 b s baffl+ "h4 ,he comes ^u a rock1 = in/ance1 or a r\nd$ elevation :i* by its outl9e he w\ld suppose to be a 8ro*e m\tonne10 b approa*+ x m ne>ly he f9ds a decompos$ cru/ in/ead ( a glaciat$ surface4 ,x is ! same ) ! loose mat]ials correspond+ to ! drift ( ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ) all b\ld]s or deta*$ masses ( rock2 on acc\nt ( _! dis9tegration :]ev] !y are expos$ to ! atmosph]e1 no?+ is to be le>n$ f _! ext]nal appe>ance4 ,!re is n a natural surface ( rock1 unless rec5tly brok51 to be f\nd any:]e4 ,! sun _h set be=e we drove into ! pretty t[n ( ,petropolis1 ! summ] p>adise ( all ,rio ,janeirans ^: circum/ances enable !m to leave ! heat & dirt & vile smells ( ! city1 = ! pure air & en*ant+ views ( ! ,s]ra4 ,9 a c5tral position /&s ! summ] palace ( ! ,emp]or1 a f> gay] & m *e]ful-look+ edifice ?an ! palace at ,san ,*ri/ovo4 ,"h he passes six mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,?r\gh ! mid/ ( ! t[n runs ! pretty riv] ,piabanha1 a %all[ /ream1 n[ rippl+ along 9 ! bottom ( its b$ betwe5 high gre5 banks2 b we 7 told t a night ( ra9 9 ! hot season is en\gh to swell its wat]s till !y ov]fl[ & flood ! road4 ,i c\ld n b ?9k h[ easy x w\ld be = any "o :o c>es to see tropical sc5]y to come "h1 :5 ! direct l9e ( /eam]s f ,new ,york is e/abli%$1 &1 in/ead ( go+ to ,newport or ,nahant1 to take a h\se 9 ,petropolis = ! summ]4 ,x comm&s all ! mo/ beautiful sc5]y ab\t ,rio1 & ! horseback rides are )\t end4 ,dur+ our summ] ! wea!r is delightful "h1 j admitt+ a semblance ( wood-fire morn+ & ev5+1 :ile ! orange or*>ds are gold5 ) fruit1 & fl[]s are ev]y:]e4 ,we _h little "t to become acqua9t$ ) ! beauty ( ! place1 :i* we hope to explore m at our leisure on "s future visit1 = sunrise ! next morn+ saw u on our road aga94 ,! s(t cl\ds hang+ ov] ! tops ( ! m\nta9s 7 j t+$ ) ! fir/ rays ( ! sun :5 we drove out ( ! t[n on ! top ( ! dilig5ce1 ! mules at full gallop1 ! gu>d s\nd+ a gay reveille z we rattl$ ov] ! little bridge & pa/ ! pretty h\ses :]e clos$ w9d[s & doors %[$ t ! inhabitants 7 h>dly yet a/ir4 ,! fir/ "p ( our road lay ?r\gh ! lovely valley ( ! ,piabanha1 ! riv] ^: acqua9tance we _h already made 9 ,petropolis1 & :i* accompani$ u = ! fir/ =ty or fifty miles ( our j\rney1 sometimes a re/less /ream brok5 into rapids & cascades1 sometimes spread+ into a broad1 placid riv]1 b always enclos$ betwe5 m\nta9s ris+ occasionally to ! height ( a few ?\s& feet1 lift+ "h & !re a b>e rocky face seam$ ) a ?\s& sc>s ( "t & /udd$ ) ,bromelias & ,or*ids1 b m (t5 clo!d ) all ! glory ( ! ,s\!rn =e/1 or cov]$ f base to summit ) c(fee %rubs4 ,a ?riv+ c(fee plantation is a v pretty sight2 ! r\nd$1 regul> outl9e ( ! %rubs gives a tuft$ look to ! hillside on :i* !y gr[1 & _! glitt]+ foliage contra/s /rik+ly at ?is season ) _! bright r$ b]ries4 ,"o (t5 passes c(fee plantations1 h[ev]1 :i* look ragg$ & ?92 9 ?is case ! trees are ei!r suff]+ f ! peculi> insect s injuri\s to !m1 7a k9d ( ,t9ea17 or h run out & become exhau/$4 ,z we drove along1 ! sc5es ^u ! road 7 (t5 z amus+ z !y 7 picturesque4 ,n[ we came ^u a troop ( pack mules ) a tropeiro 7driv]7 at _! head2 if a l>ge troop1 !y 7 divid$ into companies ( eight1 ) a man to guide ea* company4 ,! gu>d w\nd 8 horn to give w>n+ ( our com+1 & a g5]al /ruggle1 g>ni%$ ) kicks1 oa?s1 & _m la%es1 ensu$1 to induce ! mules to make way = ! coa*4 ,^! troops ( mules are beg9n+ to disappe> f ! seabo>d s9ce ! mod]n improvem5ts 9 railroads & /age l9es1 mak+ transportation s mu* easi]2 b until lately x 0 ! only way ( br++ d[n ! produce f ! int]ior4 ,or aga9 we fell 9 ) a l9e ( c\ntry wagons made ( plait$ bamboo1 a k9d ( fabric :i* is put to a v>iety ( uses "h1 su* z ! build+ ( f5ces & l9+ ( ceil+s or ro(s1 z well z ! con/ruction ( c>ts4 ,"h & !re ! labor]s 7 sitt+ 9 gr\ps at ! roadside1 _! "w susp5d$ :ile !y cook$ _! midday meal1 _! kettles hang+ ov] ! fire1 _! c(fee-pot simm]+ ov] ! coals1 & !y !mselves ly+ ab\t 9 gypsy-l fre$om ( attitude4 ,at ,posse1 ! ?ird /age ( our road1 aft] hav+ gone "s ?irty miles1 we also /opp$ to breakfa/1 a meal :i* 0 by no means unacceptable aft] our ?ree h\rs' ride4 ,x is an almo/ univ]sal cu/om ) ! ,brazilians1 especially :5 travell+1 to take _! cup ( black c(fee on ris+1 & def] _! m solid breakfa/ till t5 or elev5 o'clock4 ,i d n "k :e!r my read]s w sympa?ize ) me1 b ,i am always disappo9t$ myself if any book ( travels1 hav+ l$ me along ! we>y road1 does n tell me :at ! hungry w&]]s _h to eat4 ,x seems h>dly fair1 hav+ %>$ _! fatigues1 t ,i %\ld n also %>e _! refre%m5t & be invit$ to sit d[n at table ) !m4 ,do+1 !re=e1 z ,i w\ld be done by1 ,i %all give our bill ( f>e1 & take an opportunity ( say+ a ^w at ! same "t ( ! *>act]i/ic ,brazilian di%es4 ,9 ! fir/ place we _h black beans /ew$ ) c>ne secca 7dri$ meat71 ! inv>iable accompanim5t ( e meal 9 ,brazil4 ,!re is no h\se s poor t x does n h its feijes1 no h\se s ri* z to exclude ?is homely b mo/ excell5t di%1 a favorite alike ) high & l[4 ,!n !re 0 *ick5 /ew$ ) potatoes & rice1 almo/ z m>k$ a feature ( ! ,brazilian cuis9e z ! black beans4 ,beside ^!1 !re 7 eggs s]v$ 9 v>i\s ways1 cold meat1 w9e1 c(fee1 & bread4 ,vegetables seem to be r>e1 ?\gh "o w\ld expect a pl5tiful v>iety 9 ?is climate4#bh ,at ,posse ,mr4 ,agassiz f\nd a cordial co-op]ator 9 ,mr4 ,*>les ,taylor1 :o express$ a w>m int]e/ 9 8 sci5tific rese>*es1 & kept "o ( ! collect+ cans t he might fill x ) fi%es f ! neighbor+ riv]s & /reams4#bi ,our k9d fri5d ,s5hor ,joa ,bapti/a da ,fonseca1 :o 0 our guide & our ho/ on ?is j\rney1 _h neglect$ no?+ :i* c\ld contribute to ! success & pleasure ( ! p>ty1 & _h s prep>$ ! way = ! sci5tific objects ( ! excursion t at sev]al po9ts ( ! road we f\nd collections ( fi%es & o!r animals await+ u by ! roadside4 ,once or twice1 z we pass$ a faz5da1 a negro c>ry+ a basket came out to /op ! dilig5ce1 &1 lift+ ! cool gre5 leaves :i* cov]$ !m1 %[$ fre%ly caught fi%es ( all hues & sizes4 ,x 0 r aggravat+1 especially z we approa*$ ! end ( our long drive1 & ! idea ( d9n] readily sugge/$ itself1 to see !m disappe> 9 ! alcohol cans4#cj ,at ab\t midday we bade good by to ! pretty riv] we _h foll[$ ?us f>1 & at ! ,e/aa d',entre ,rios 7betwe5 ! riv]s7 cross$ ! f9e bridge :i* spans ! ,p>ahyba at ?is po9t4 ,! ,p>ahyba is ! l>ge riv] :i* fl[s = a great "p ( its c\rse betwe5 ! ,s]ra d ,m> & ! ,s]ra da ,mantiqueira1 empty+ into ! ,atlantic at ,san ,joa da ,b>ra consid]ably to ! nor!a/ ( ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,"o is a little bewild]$ at fir/ by ! v>iety ( ,s]ras 9 ,brazil1 because ! ^w is us$ to express n only important *a9s ( m\nta9s1 b all _! spurs4 ,any m\nta9\s elevation is a ,s]ra2 b ?\gh !re is an endless numb] ( !m betwe5 ! ,s]ra d ,m> & ! ,s]ra da ,mantiqueira1 ^! are ! two mo/ important *a9s1 runn+ p>allel ) ! sea-coa/4 ,betwe5 !m fl[s ! ,p>ahyba ) its _m bran*es4 ,x is important to make collections "h1 z ! peculi> "* ( ?is wat] bas91 ! _m tribut>ies ( :i* dra9 ! s\!rn wat]-%$ ( ! ,s]ra da ,mantiqueira1 & ! nor!rn wat]-%$ ( ! ,s]ra d ,m>1 make x ( especial int]e/ = ! naturali/4 ,on acc\nt ( its neighborhood to ! sea1 x is also desirable to comp>e its inhabitants ) ^? ( ! _m %ort1 disconnect$ riv]s :i* empty into ! ,atlantic on ! o!r side ( ! coa/ range4 ,9 %ort1 x gives a good opportunity = te/+ ^? que/ions ( ! geographical di/ribution ( liv+ be+s1 z connect$ ) _! orig91 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz s /rongly urg$ ^u 8 assi/ants dur+ our voyage4 ,soon aft] cross+ ! ,p>ahyba1 ! road /rikes ! ,p>ahybuna1 a tribut>y :i* ent]s ! ma9 riv] on its nor!rn side1 ne>ly opposite ! ,piabanha4 ,! latt] "p ( ! j\rney is less wild ?an ! fir/ half2 ! m\nta9s fall away 9 some:at g5tl] slopes1 & d n %ut 9 ! road ) ! /eep rugg$ precipices s /rik+ 9 ! valley ( ! ,piabanha4 ,b ?\gh p]haps less picturesque on approa*+ ,juiz de ,=a1#ca ! sc5]y is beautiful en\gh ?r\gh\t ! :ole ride to satisfy ! mo/ fa/idi\s & keep ! att5tion con/antly awake4 ,we arriv$ at ! end ( our j\rney at ab\t six o'clock1 & f\nd mo/ com=table accommodations prep>$ = u at a little cottage1 built some:at 9 ! /yle ( a ,swiss *let1 & kept by ! company = ! use ( _! gue/s or = ! directors ( ! road4 ,an excell5t d9n] await$ u at ! little hotel j opposite1 ! door ( :i* is %ad$ by two /ately palms2 & ) a ramble 9 ! neighbor+ gr\nds ( ,s5hor ,lage1 & a conc]t by a b& ( ,g]man musicians1 consi/+ ( employees on ! road1 our day clos$1--a day full ( pleasure4 ,! foll[+ morn+ we 7 indebt$ to ,s5hor ,lage = a walk1 z in/ructive z x 0 *>m+1 ?r\gh 8 g>d5s & orange or*>ds4 ,n only has he arrang$ 8 gr\nds ) exquisite ta/e1 b has endeavor$ to br+ toge!r ! %rubs & trees mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! c\ntry1 s t a /roll ?r\gh 8 place is a valuable lesson to ! botani/1 ! m s if he is =tunate en\gh to h ! proprietor z a companion1 = he may !n le>n ! "n & hi/ory ( e tree & fl[] he passes4 ,su* a guide is invaluable "h1 = ! ,brazilians seem to rema9 9 blissful ignorance ( sy/ematic nom5clature2 to mo/ ( !m all fl[]s are 8flores10 all animals1 f a fly up to a mule or an elephant1 8bixos40 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful features ( ,s5hor ,lage's gr\nds is a plantation ( p>asites1--an ext5sive walk1 bord]$ on ei!r side by a ru/ic f5ce1 ov] :i* are tra9$ "s ( ! mo/ exquisite p>asitic plants ( ! ,brazilian =e/s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is walk is ! ,grotto ( ! ,pr9cesses1 s call$ aft] ! daught]s ( ! ,emp]or :o1 on occasion ( a visit made by ! ,imp]ial family to ,juiz de ,=a1 at ! op5+ ( ! road1 7 exce$+ly pleas$ ) ?is pretty spot1 :]e a spr+ all ov]hung ) p>asitic v9es1 or*ids1 c4 fl[s out f ! rock4 ,! spr+1 h[ev]1 is artificial1 & is a "p ( ! admirable sy/em ( irrigation introduc$ ov] ! :ole e/ate4 ,s rapid is ! gr[? ( ev]y?+ "h t "o c h>dly believe ?is beautiful c\ntry place to h be5 "u cultivation only five or six ye>s2 a few ye>s m "u ! same direction w make x a tropical p>adise4 ,a v>iety ( plans comb9+ pleasure & sci5ce _h be5 arrang$ = ! next day4 ,fir/ on ! li/ 0 a drive to ! 8,=e/ ( ! ,empress40 ,ev]y?+ ( any int]e/ 9 ! neighborhood recalls ! visit ( ! ,imp]ial family at ! op5+ ( ! road4 ,f ?is ev5t all loyal ,juiz de ,=ans date1 & ! virg9 =e/ we 7 to visit is consecrat$ by ! fact t on ?is great occasion ! ,emp]or ) 8 family & suite breakfa/$ "h 9 pres5ce ( a num]\s assemblage ( _! lov+ subjects4 ,surely a m /ately banquet+-hall c\ld sc>cely be f\nd4 ,! ?rone 0 cut 9 ! broad buttress$ trunk ( a huge figueira2 ! ru/ic table1 built ( r\gh /ems1 /ood "u ! %ad[ ( great palm-trees2 & ar\nd 0 ! tropical =e/1 tape/ri$ ) v9es1 & embroid]$ ) ,or*ids4 ,^! 7 royal accompanim5ts1 ev5 ?\gh ! :ole ent]ta9m5t 0 conduct$ ) a simplicity 9 h>mony ) ! sc5e4 ,nei!r gold nor silv] nor glass 0 br\ght to vie ) ! beauties ( nature2 ! dr9k+-cups 7 made f ! holl[ /ems ( ! wild bamboo-tree1 & all ! s]vice 0 ( ! same ru/ic description4 ,! tables1 seats1 c4 /&1 undi/urb$1 z !y 7 on t day1 & ( c\rse ?is spot rema9s a favorite resort = humbl] picnics ?an ! "o by :i* x 0 inaugurat$4 ,we w&]$ ab\t = "s "t 9 ! cool %ade ( ! wood1 lun*$ "u ! ru/l+ palms1 & !n drove homew>d1 /opp+ = a :ile by ! side ( ! riv]1 :]e a pretty cascade ru%es ov] ! /ones1 & a ru/ic h\se built = ! same memorable occurr5ce makes a pleasant re/+-place4 ,9 ! aft]noon a heavy ra9 kept u )9 doors1 b we 7 n sorry1 = we 7 9 dang] ( hav+ a surfeit ( pleasure1 & quiet 0 v grateful4 ,a great "p ( our la/ day at ,juiz de ,=a 0 sp5t at ! hospitable h\se ( ,mr4 ,halfeld1 ! ,g]man eng9e] :o has ga9$ an honorable di/9ction by 8 explorations 9 ! int]ior4 ,8 "w on ! ,rio ,san ,francisco 0 well kn[n to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 s t !y f\nd !mselves at once on famili> gr\nd1 & ,mr4 ,halfeld 0 able to give him a great deal ( valuable in=mation respect+ ! prospects ( ! pres5t exp$ition1 especially t dep>tm5t ( x :i* w g to ! ,amazons by way ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco & ! ,tocant9s4 ,he has also an int]e/+ collection ( objects ( natural hi/ory1 & cordially (f]$ 8 assi/ance 9 obta9+ ! fi%es ( ! neighborhood4 ,z = ! collections1 !y _h be5 go+ on fam\sly dur+ our :ole visit4 ,we _h h>dly be5 9 ,juiz de ,=a tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e a doz5 collectors 7 actively at "w4 ,all ! ur*9s ( ! neighborhood & _m ( ! ,g]mans employ$ on ! road l5t a help+ h&4 ,ev5 ! ladies did _! full %>e1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 indebt$ to our fri5d ,mrs4 ,k---- = "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ specim5s f ?is locality4 ,no d\bt su* z 7 left ( ! 8bixos0 ( ,juiz de ,=a mu/ h congratulat$ !mselves on our dep>ture ! foll[+ morn+4 ,we enjoy$ our return ov] ! same road sc>cely less ?an our fir/ introduction to x2 b ! latt] "p ( ! day 0 full ( an int]e/ :i* t\*$ u m ne>ly4 ,at ,posse1 :]e we _h breakfa/$ on our way up1 ,mr4 ,taylor welcom$ u ) a ,portuguese pap] conta9+ a bullet9 ann\nc+ ! great victories ( ! ,nor?4 ,pet]sburg & ,ri*mond tak51--,lee 9 full retreat1--! w> virtually ov]4 ,?is 0 ! sub/ance ( ! news receiv$ ) delight & acclamation1 n )\t te>s ( gratitude also1 & we w5t on our way rejoic+4 ,z we drove up to ! ,hotel ,+lez aft] d>k t ev5+1 hop+ to get a glimpse ( an ,am]ican pap]1 or at lea/ to h ! good news confirm$ ?r\gh ! ,am]ican ,m9i/]1 ,g5]al ,webb1 ^: resid5ce is at ,petropolis1 we 7 greet$ by ! ann\ncem5t ( ! assass9ation ( ,l9coln & ,sew>d1 bo? believ$ at ?is "t to be dead4 ,at fir/ x seem$ absolutely incr$ible1 & ! m sangu9e among u p]si/$ 9 reg>d+ x z a gigantic /reet rumor1 inv5t$ p]haps by ,secession sympa?iz]s1 till on our return to t[n ! next morn+ our wor/ fe>s 7 confirm$ by ! ,fr5* /eam] j arriv$4 ,! days seem$ v long till ! next mail1 :i* reassur$ u some:at1 z x br\ght ! news ( ,mr4 ,sew>d's probable recov]y & /r5g!n$ our fai? 9 ! /ability ( ! national "*4 ,all ! acc\nts1 public & private1 assure u t1 ?\gh !re is m\rn+ ?r\gh\t ! l&1 !re is no di/urbance ( ! g5]al regul>ity & ord]4 ----- ,footnote #af3 ,! w9t] palace ( ! ,emp]or4 ,footnote #ag3 ,"s weeks aft] ?is ,i *anc$ to ask a beautiful "y ,brazilian woman1 rec5tly m>ri$1 :e!r %e _h ev] be5 ov] ?is tempor>y road = ! sake ( see+ ! picturesque sc5]y4 8,no10 %e answ]$ ) p]fect s]i\sness1 8,i am "y & v happy1 & ,i d n wi% to die yet40 ,x 0 an amus+ comm5t on ! ,brazilian e/imate ( ! dang]s att5d+ ! j\rney4 ,footnote #ah3 ,?is road1 :i* is b ! beg9n+ ( railroad travel 9 ,brazil1 op5s a ri* prospect = sci5tific /udy4 ,f ?is "t =w>d ! difficulty ( transport+ collections f ! int]ior to ! seabo>d w be dim9i%+4 ,in/ead ( ! few small specim5s ( tropical vegetation n[ pres]v$ 9 our museums1 ,i hope t h]eaft]1 9 e s*ool :]e geology & palontology are taught1 we %all h l>ge /ems & portions ( trunks to %[ ! /ructure ( palms1 tree-f]ns1 & ! l1--trees :i* repres5t 9 mod]n times ! anci5t geological =e/s4 ,! "t is com+ :5 our text-books ( botany & zology w lose _! local1 limit$ "*1 & pres5t compreh5sive pictures ( ,nature 9 all h] phases4 ,!n only w x be possible to make true & p]t95t comp>isons betwe5 ! condition ( ! e>? 9 =m] times & its pres5t aspect "u diff]5t zones & climates4 ,to ?is day ! fundam5tal pr9ciple guid+ our id5tification ( geological =mations 9 diff]5t ages re/s ^u ! assumption t ea* p]iod has _h "o "* ?r\gh\t2 :]eas ! progress ( geology is daily press+ ^u u ! evid5ce t at ea* p]iod diff]5t latitudes & diff]5t cont95ts h always _h _! *>act]i/ic animals & plants1 if n z div]sifi$ z n[1 at lea/ v>i$ en\gh to exclude ! idea ( uni=mity4 ,n only d ,i look = a va/ improvem5t 9 our collections ) improv$ me?ods ( travel & transportation 9 ,brazil1 b ,i hope t sci5tific j\rneys 9 ! tropics w cease to be occasional ev5ts 9 ! progress & civilization ( nations1 & w be z mu* )9 ! rea* ( e /ud5t z j\rneys 9 ! temp]ate zone h hi!rto be54 ,= fur!r details respect+ ! build+ ( ?is road1 see ,app5dix ,no4 ,,iv4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ai3 ,among ! frequ5t visitors at ! laboratory1 & "o to :om ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 indebt$ = mo/ effici5t aid 9 mak+ 8 collection ( fi%es f ! h>bor ( ,rio1 0 our fri5d ,dr4 ,pa*eco de ,silva1 :o nev] lo/ an opportunity ( pay+ u all sorts ( fri5dly att5tions4 ,he add$ q a numb] ( luxuries to ! work+-room describ$ above4 ,ano!r fri5d :o 0 (t5 at ! laboratory 0 ,dr4 ,ngeli4 ,not)/&+ 8 l>ge practice1 he f\nd "t to assi/ ,mr4 ,agassiz n only ) collections b ) draw+s ( v>i\s specim5s4 ,be+ himself an able naturali/1 8 co-op]ation 0 v valuable4 ,! collections 7 inde$ enri*$ by contributions f s _m s\rces t x w\ld be impossible to enum]ate !m all "h4 ,9 ! m te*nical reports ( ! exp$ition all su* gifts are record$1 ) ! names ( ^? p]sons f :om ! specim5s 7 receiv$4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! palm is ! beautiful ,oreodoxa ol]acea4 ,footnote #ba3 ,leuz+]'s admirable photographs ( ! sc5]y ab\t ! ,corcovado1 z well z f ,petropolis1 ! ,organ ,m\nta9s1 & ! neighborhood ( ,rio g5]ally1 may n[ be _h 9 ! pr9t-%ops ( ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,i am ! m desir\s to make ?is fact kn[n z ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,leuz+] = v g5]\s assi/ance 9 ! illu/ration ( sci5tific objects4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #bb3 ,a commemorative tablet1 set 9 ! rocks on ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! prov9ces ( ,rio de ,janeiro & ,m9as ,g]es1 record+ ! spee* ( ! ,emp]or on ! occasion ( ! op5+ ( ! road1 te/ifies ! appreciation 9 :i* ?is und]tak+ 0 held by ! gov]nm5t ( ,brazil4 ,footnote #bc3 ,s9ce ?is 0 writt5 ! ,emp]or1 at a l>ge pecuni>y sacrifice1 has lib]at$ all ! slaves belong+ to ! prop]ty ( ! cr[n1 & a g5]al s*eme ( emancipation has be5 ann\nc$ by ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t1 ! wisdom1 =esight1 & b5evol5ce ( :i* c h>dly be too highly prais$4 ,if ?is be adopt$1 slav]y 9 ,brazil w disappe> )9 ! c5tury by a gradual process1 involv+ no viol5t convulsion1 & p]ill+ nei!r ! safety ( ! slave nor ! welf>e ( 8 ma/]4 ,footnote #bd3 ,to ! ,b>on de ,mau1 a lead] 9 ! great improvem5ts n[ go+ on 9 ,brazil1 ! citiz5s ( ,rio de ,janeiro owe _! pres5t conv5i5t road to ,petropolis1 _! favorite summ] resid5ce4 ,footnote #be3 ,a species ( ,mela/oma1 ) v l>ge1 conspicu\s fl[]s4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #bf3 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 native to ,brazil4 ,footnote #bg3 ,inde$1 _! div]sity is mu* great] ev5 ?an t ( our ,oaks1 & x w\ld require a compreh5sive comp>ison ) a majority ( our =e/-trees to mat* ! diff]5ces !y exhibit among !mselves2 & _! native names1 f> m euphonic ?an ! sy/ematic names "u :i* !y are ent]$ 9 our sci5tific works1 are z famili> to ! ,indians z ^? ( our bee*es1 bir*es1 hazels1 *e/nuts1 popl>s1 or will[s to our f>m]s4 ,!re are f\r ess5tially diff]5t =ms among ! palms3 ! tall ones1 ) a sl5d] & erect /em1 t]m9at+ ) a cr[n ( long fea!ry leaves1 or ) broad fan-%ap$ leaves2 ! bu%y ones1 ! leaves ( :i* rise z x 7 9 tufts f ! gr\nd1 ! /em rema9+ hidd5 "u ! foliage2 ! bru%-l ones1 ) a small /em1 & a few r l>ge leaves2 & ! w9d+1 creep+1 sl5d] species4 ,_! fl[]s & fruits are z v>i$ z _! /ock4 ,"s ( ^! fruits may be comp>$ to l>ge woody nuts1 ) a fle%y mass inside2 o!rs h a scaly cov]+2 o!rs resemble pea*es or apricots1 :ile o!rs /ill are l plums or grapes4 ,mo/ ( !m are eatable & r pleasant to ! ta/e4 ,x is a ?\s& pities t s _m ( ^! maje/ic trees %\ld h be5 depriv$ ( _! sonor\s native names1 to be> h5ce=?1 9 ! annals ( sci5ce1 ! names ( "s unkn[n pr9ces1 :om flatt]y alone c\ld rescue f oblivion4 ,! ,inaja has become a ,maximiliana1 ! ,j>a a ,leopold9ia1 ! ,pupunha a ,guilielma1 ! ,pa*iuba an ,iri>tea1 ! ,c>ana a ,mauritia4 ,! *anges f ,indian to ,greek names h n be5 m felicit\s4 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly h pref]r$ ,jacit>a to ,desmon*us1 ,mucaja to ,acrocomia1 ,baccba to noc>pus1 ,tucuma to ,a/roc>yum4 ,ev5 ,eut]pe = ,assai is h>dly an improvem5t4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #bh3 ,?is obs]vation 0 confirm$ by our ye>'s travel4 ,! ,brazilians c>e little = a v>iety ( vegetables1 & d n give mu* att5tion to _! cultivation4 ,^? !y d use are *iefly import$ 9 cans f ,europe4 ,footnote #bi3 ,on our return f ! ,amazons a ye> lat] we he>d ) great regret ( ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,taylor ,= _m mon?s he took an active "p 9 ! objects ( ! ,exp$ition1 be+ himself a good naturali/1 & n only made valuable collections = ,mr4 ,agassiz1 b also "s admirable color$ draw+s ( fi%es & insects1 :i* x is hop$ may be publi%$ at a future "t ) ! o!r sci5tific results ( ?is j\rney4 ,footnote #cj3 ,my exp]i5ce ( ?is day might well awak5 ! envy ( any naturali/1 & ,i 0 myself no less a/oni%$ ?an grateful = its sci5tific results4 ,n only _h ,s5hor ,lage provid$ u ) ! mo/ com=table private conveyance1 b he _h s5t mess5g]s 9 advance to all ! plant]s resid+ ne> our l9e ( travel1 reque/+ !m to provide all ! fi%es t 7 to be _h 9 ! adjo9+ riv]s & brooks4 ,! ag5ts ( ! /ations situat$ ne> wat]-c\rses _h also receiv$ in/ructions to h simil> collections 9 read9ess1 & 9 two places ,i f\nd l>ge tanks fill$ ) liv+ specim5s ( all ! species 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! small numb] ( species subsequ5tly add$1 ^u repeat$ excursions to diff]5t p>ts ( ! bas9 ( ! ,p>ahyba1 conv9c$ me t 9 ?is "o day1 ?anks to ! k9dness ( our ho/ & 8 fri5ds1 ,i _h an opportunity ( exam9+ ne>ly its :ole i*?yological fauna1 & ( mak+ probably z complete a collection f x z may be f\nd f any ( ! consid]able riv]s ( ,europe 9 ! l>g] museums ( ! ,old ,_w4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ca3 ,9 "s maps ?is place is inscrib$ "u ! "n ( ,p>ahybuna4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,life ,,9 ,,rio ,,cont9u$4--,,faz5da ,,life4 ,,botafogo4--,,insane ,,hospital4--,,tijuca4--,,erratic ,,drift4--,,vegetation4--,,bir?day ,,d9n]4--,,arrangem5ts ,,= ,,p>ties ,,to ,,! ,,int]ior4--,,public ,,lectures ,,9 ,,rio4--,,procession ,,( ,,/4 ,,george4--,,leave ,,rio ,,on ,,excursion ,,to ,,! ,,=taleza ,,de ,,santa ,,anna4--,,localities ,,= ,,erratic ,,drift ,,betwe5 ,,rio ,,& ,,petropolis4--,,dep>ture ,,f ,,juiz ,,de ,,=a4--,,arrival ,,at ,,! ,,faz5da4--,,ride ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,eve ,,( ,,san ,,joa4--,,cupim ,,ne/s4--,,excursion ,,to ,,! ,,upp] ,,faz5da4--,,gr& ,,hunt4--,,picnic4--,,c(fee ,,plantation4--,,return ,,to ,,rio4--,,mimic ,,sn[-,,fields4--,,c(fee ,,insect ,,sp9n+ ,,its ,,ne/4--,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,faz5da ,,( ,,comm5dador ,,breves4--,,botaniz+ ,,excursion ,,to ,,tijuca4--,,prep>ations ,,= ,,leav+ ,,rio4--,,major ,,c\t9ho4--,,collegio ,,dom ,,p$ro ,,segundo4 ,illu/ration3 ,botafogo ,bay4 ,may #bb;d4--,?is aft]noon ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,c---- & myself w5t out = a c\ntry ramble1 some:at at a v5ture1 x is true1 b feel+ sure t 9 ! beautiful sc5]y ab\t ,rio we c\ld h>dly g amiss4 ,we took "o ( ! _m f]ry-boats 9 ! neighborhood ( our hotel1 & pres5tly f\nd ourselves on ! way to ,botafogo4 ,almo/ all ! environs ( ! city are built along bea*es2 !re is ! bea* or ,praia ( ,botafogo1 ! ,praia ( ,san ,*ri/ovo1 ! ,praia ( ,san ,dom+o1 & half a doz5 o!rs1 all ( :i* mean "s suburb ( ! t[n situat$ on ! %ore ) a bea* 9 front ( x4 ,z x is r ! fa%ion = ! bett] class ( p to live out ( t[n1 ! h\ses & g>d5s 9 ^! suburbs are (t5 delightful4 ,we enjoy$ ! sail exce$+ly4 ,= a "p ( ! way ! boat keeps close "u ! m\nta9s1 & no description c give an idea ( _! picturesque outl9es1 or ( ! wond]ful color+ :i* s(t5s all _! asp]ities & mell[s ! :ole l&scape4 ,we l&$ at a jetty ?r[n out f a romantic-look+ road1 & z we f\nd no c>riage on ! :>f1 & asc]ta9$ t ! boat did n return = two h\rs1 we w&]$ up ?is road to see :]e *ance w\ld lead u4 ,! aft]noon w\ld h be5 full ( int]e/ _h x end$ 9 ! walk along ! cresc5t-%ap$ bay1 ) ! wat] rippl+ on ! s&s1 & ! m\nta9s opposite all purple 9 ! aft]noon sun%9e4 ,! road br\ght u1 h[ev]1 to a magnific5t hospital = ! insane1 ! hospital ( ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo1 :i* we _h se5 & admir$ f ! deck ( ! /eam] on ! day ( our arrival4 ,we ent]$ ! gr\nds1 & z ! great door ( ! build+ 0 op5 & ! (ficial on gu>d look$ by no means =bidd+1 we asc5d$ ! /eps & w5t 94 ,x is difficult to imag9e an edifice m appropriate = ! purpose to :i* x is devot$4 ,x is true we saw only ! public rooms & corridors1 z a p]mit 0 requir$ to ent] ! w>ds2 b a plan hang+ ne> ! entrance gave u an idea ( ! arrangem5t ( ! build+1 & its g5]al aspect bore te/imony to ! cleanl9ess1 *e]fulness1 & ord] ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,"s ( ! public rooms 7 v h&some1--especially "o1 at ! end ( :i* /&s a /atue ( ! boy ,emp]or1 tak51 no d\bt1 at ! "t ( 8 coronation4 ,9 ! man ( =ty y /ill recognize ! frank1 intellig5t1 manly face ( ! lad on :om su* great responsibility 0 ?r[n at ! age ( fifte54 ,z we w5t up ! spaci\s /aircase1 ! s\nd ( music br\ght u to ! door ( ! *apel1 :]e ! ev5+ s]vice 0 go+ on4 ,pati5ts & nurses 7 kneel+ toge!r2 a *oir ( female voices 0 s++ sweetly a calm1 peaceful k9d ( music2 t some:at monoton\s *ant+1 s passionless 9 its regul> movem5t1 :i* "o he>s 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 ! c&les 7 burn+ be=e ! alt>1 b ! great w9d[ j outside ! door 0 op5 to ! sett+ sun1 &1 z ,i /ood 9 ! balcony look+ out on ! m\nta9s & li/5+ to ! music1 ,i ?\ght t a m9d :i* _h gone a/ray might f9d its way back aga9 9 su* sc5es & "u su* influ5ces4 ,c]ta9ly1 if nature has any heal+ p[]1 x mu/ be felt "h4 ,we l+]$ & li/5$ z long z we d>$1 & /ole away z ! s]vices 7 clos+1 j 9 "t to take ! ev5+ boat4 ,illu/ration3 ,m9a ,negress4 ,may #be?4--,! fi%-m>ket is1 9 all seaport t[ns1 a favorite haunt ) ,mr4 ,agassiz1 & "h x has an especial int]e/ = him on acc\nt ( ! v>iety & beauty ( ! fi%es br\ght 9 e morn+4 ,i sometimes accompany him 9 ^! rambles = ! pleasure ( see+ ! fre% loads ( oranges1 fl[]s1 & vegetables1 & ( wat*+ ! picturesque negro gr\ps sell+ _! w>es or sitt+ ab\t 9 knots to gossip4 ,we h already le>n$ t ! f9e-look+ a?letic negroes ( a nobl] type1 at lea/ physically1 ?an any we see 9 ! ,/ates1 are ! s-call$ ,m9a negroes1 f ! prov9ce ( ,m9a1 9 ,we/]n ,africa4 ,!y are a v p[]ful-look+ race1 & ! wom5 especially are f9ely made & h q a dignifi$ pres5ce4 ,i am nev] tir$ ( wat*+ !m 9 ! /reet & m>ket1 :]e !y are to be se5 9 numb]s1 be+ m commonly employ$ z v5d]s ( fruit & vegetables ?an z h\se-s]vants4 ,x is said t a c]ta9 wild & indep5d5t elem5t 9 _! "* makes !m unfit = dome/ic s]vice4 ,! wom5 always we> a high musl9 turban1 & a long1 bright-color$ %awl1 ei!r cross$ on ! brea/ & ?r[n c>elessly ov] ! %\ld]1 or1 if ! day be *illy1 drawn closely ar\nd !m1 _! arms hidd5 9 its folds4 ,! am\nt ( expression !y ?r[ into ! use ( ?is %awl is q amaz+4 ,i wat*$ a tall1 sup]bly made woman 9 ! /reet to-day :o 0 9 a great passion4 ,ge/iculat+ viol5tly1 %e flung h] %awl wide1 ?r[+ out bo? arms1 !n1 draw+ x sudd5ly 91 fold$ x ab\t h]1 & /ret*$ h]self to h] full height2 pres5tly op5+ x once m1 %e %ook h] fi/ 9 ! face ( h] oppon5t1 & !n1 ca/+ "o end ( h] long drap]y ov] h] %\ld]1 /alk$ away ) ! air ( a trag$y que54 ,x s]ves z a cradle also1 =1 ty+ x loosely r\nd _! hips1 !y slip ! baby into ! folds beh9d1 & !re x hangs1 rock$ to sleep by ! "m's movem5t z %e walks on ) h] long1 sw++ tread4 ,! ,m9a negress is almo/ inv>iably rem>kable = h] beautiful h& & arm4 ,%e seems to be consci\s ( ?is1 & usually we>s close-fitt+ bracelets at ! wri/1 made ( "s bright-color$ beads1 :i* set (f ! =m ( ! h& & are exce$+ly becom+ on h] d>k1 %9+ sk94 ,^! negroes are ,mohamm$ans1 & are said to rema9 fai?ful to _! prophet1 ?\gh surr\nd$ by ! obs]vances ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,!y d n seem to me s affable & responsive z ! ,congo negroes1 b are1 on ! contr>y1 r haughty4 ,"o morn+ ,i came ^u a clu/] ( !m 9 ! m>ket breakfa/+ aft] _! "w 0 done1 & ,i /opp$ to talk ) !m1 ask+ :at !y _h = breakfa/1 & try+ v>i\s subjects on :i* to op5 an acqua9tance4 ,b !y look$ at me coldly & suspici\sly1 b>ely answ]+ my que/ions1 & 7 evid5tly reliev$ :5 ,i walk$ away4 ,illu/ration3 ,m9a ,negress & ,*ild4 ,may #bf?4--,tijuca4 ,9 ! pleasant environs ( ,rio !re is no resort m frequ5t$ ?an ! e/abli%m5t ( ,mr4 ,b5nett at ,tijuca1 & we 7 n sorry ! day be=e ye/]day to leave ! hot1 du/y city1 ) a pleasant p>ty ( fri5ds1 = ?is clu/] ( m\nta9s1 "s eighte5 hundr$ feet above ! sea level & ab\t eight miles f ,rio4 ,x takes its "n f ! peak ( ,tijuca1 s conspicu\s an object 9 ! coa/ range4 ,on our arrival we 7 v cordially welcom$ by our ho/ himself1 :o 0 n q a /rang] to u1 = ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 already indebt$ to him = valuable collections4 ,mr4 ,b5nett has an ,engli%man's love ( nature1 & is v famili> ) ! botany & zology ( ! beautiful region :i* has be5 8 home = _m ye>s4 ,"u 8 guidance1 we h tak5 a numb] ( pleasant rambles & rides1 regrett+ only t we _c avail ourselves = a long] "t ( 8 intimate k ( ! locality & its productions4 ,i h allud$ be=e to ! p]plex+ "* ( ! geology1 & ! almo/ univ]sal decomposition ( ! rock surfaces1 mak+ x difficult to deciph] !m4 ,! pres5ce ( ! drift ph5om5a1 s univ]sal 9 ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e1 has be5 d5i$ "h2 b1 9 8 long walk to-day1 ,mr4 ,agassiz has _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ a great numb] ( erratic b\ld]s1 hav+ no connection ) ! rocks 9 place1 & also a %eet ( drift /udd$ ) b\ld]s & re/+ above ! p>tially /ratifi$ metamorphic rock 9 imm$iate contact ) x4 ,i introduce "h a lett] writt5 by him to 8 fri5d1 ,pr(essor ,peirce ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 "u ! fir/ impression ( ! day's exp]i5ce1 :i* w be/ expla9 8 view ( ! subject4 8,may #bg?1 #ahfe1 ,,tijuca4 8,,my ,,de> ,,peirce3-- 8,ye/]day 0 "o ( ! happie/ days ( my life1 & ,i want to %>e x ) y4 ,"h ,i am at ,tijuca1 a clu/] ( hills1 ab\t eighte5 hundr$ feet high & "s sev5 or eight miles f ,rio1 9 a *>m+ cottage-l hotel1 f ! t]race ( :i* y see a drift hill ) innum]able erratic b\ld]s1 z *>act]i/ic z any ,i h ev] se5 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,i _h be=e se5 sundry unmi/akable traces ( drift1 b !re 0 ev]y:]e connect$ ) ! drift itself su* an am\nt ( decompos$ rocks ( v>i\s k9ds1 t1 ?\gh ,i c\ld see ! drift & di/+ui% x f ! decompos$ prim>y rocks 9 place1 on acc\nt ( my famili>ity ) t k9d ( deposits1 yet ,i c\ld probably nev] h satisfi$ anybody else t !re is "h an equival5t ( ! ,nor!rn drift1 _h ,i n f\nd ye/]day1 ne> ,b5nett's hotel at ,tijuca1 ! mo/ palpable sup]position ( drift & decompos$ rocks1 ) a di/9ct l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! two1 ( :i* ,i %all secure a good photograph4 ,?is locality af=d$ me at once an opportunity ( contra/+ ! decompos$ rocks :i* =m a *>act]i/ic feature ( ! :ole c\ntry 7z f> z ,i h yet se5 x7 ) ! sup]9cumb5t drift1 & ( mak+ myself famili> ) ! peculi>ities ( bo? deposits2 s t ,i tru/ ,i %all be able h]eaft] to di/+ui% bo?1 :e!r !y are 9 contact ) "o ano!r or f\nd sep>ately4 ,^! decompos$ rocks are q a new feature to me 9 ! /ructure ( ! c\ntry4 ,imag9e granite1 gneiss1 mica slate1 clay slate1 & 9 fact all ! v>i\s k9ds ( rocks usually f\nd 9 old metamorphic =mations1 r$uc$ to ! condition ( a s(t pa/e1 exhibit+ all ! m9]alogical elem5ts ( ! rocks1 z !y may h be5 be=e !y 7 decompos$1 b n[ completely dis9tegrat$ & re/+ side by side1 z if !y _h be5 accumulat$ artificially 9 ! mann] y h se5 glass cyl9d]s fill$ ) v>i\sly color$ s&s or clays to imitate ! appe>ance ( ! b$s ( ,gay-,head4 ,& ?r\gh ?is loose mass !re run1 "h & !re1 l>g] or small] dikes ( qu>tz-rock or ( granite or o!r rocks equally dis9tegrat$2 b !y reta9 ! arrangem5t ( _! mat]ials1 %[+ !m to be dis9tegrat$ dikes 9 l>ge dis9tegrat$ masses ( rock2 ! :ole pass+ unmi/akably to rocks ( ! same k9d 9 :i* ! decomposition or dis9tegration is only p>tial1 or no trace ( x visible1 & ! :ole mass exhibit+ !n ! appe>ance ( an ord9>y metamorphic set ( rocks4 8,t su* masses =m+ ev]y:]e ! surface ( ! c\ntry %\ld be a great ob/acle to ! /udy ( ! erratic ph5om5a is at once pla91 & ,i d n !re=e wond] t ^? :o seem famili> ) ! c\ntry %\ld n[ ent]ta9 ! idea t ! surface rocks are ev]y:]e decompos$1 & t !re is no erratic =mation or drift "h4 ,b ^u close exam9ation x is easy to p]ceive t1 :ile ! decompos$ rocks consi/ ( small p>ticles ( ! primitive rocks :i* !y repres5t1 ) _! dikes & all o!r *>act]i/ic features1 !re is n a trace ( l>g] or small] b\ld]s 9 !m2 :ile ! sup]9cumb5t drift1 consi/+ ( a simil> pa/e1 does n %[ ! slighte/ sign ( ! indi/9ct /ratification *>act]i/ic ( ! decompos$ metamorphic rocks bel[ x1 nor any ( ! decompos$ dikes1 b is full ( v>i\s k9ds ( b\ld]s ( v>i\s dim5sions4 ,i h n yet trac$ ! b\ld]s to _! orig92 b ! majority consi/ ( a k9d ( gre5/one compos$ ( equal am\nts ( a gre5i% black hornbl5de & feldsp>4 ,9 ,entre ,rios on ! ,p>ahyba1 ,i 0 told by an eng9e] on ! road t 9 ,m9as ,g]es iron m9es are work$ 9 a rock l ^! b\ld]s4 ,?is week ,i propose to explore ! ,s]ra da ,mantiqueira1#cb :i* sep>ates ! prov9ce ( ,rio f ,m9as1 & may advance ! "q fur!r4 ,b y see t ,i ne$ n g to ! ,&es to f9d erratics1 ?\gh x may yet be necess>y = me to g1 9 ord] to trace ! evid5ce ( glaci] action 9 ! accumulation ( ?is drift2 = y w notice t ,i h only giv5 y ! evid5ce ( ext5sive accumulations ( drift simil> 9 its *>act]i/ics to ,nor!rn drift4 ,b ,i h n yet se5 a trace ( glacial action prop]ly speak+1 if poli%$ surfaces & scrat*es & furr[s are especially to be consid]$ z su*4 8,! decomposition ( ! surface rocks to ! ext5t to :i* x takes place "h is v rem>kable1 & po9ts to a new geological ag5cy1 ?us f> n discuss$ 9 our geological !ories4 ,x is obvi\s "h 7& to-day ) ! p\r+ ra9 :i* keeps me 9 doors ,i h satisfactory evid5ce ( x7 t ! w>m ra9s fall+ ^u ! heat$ soil mu/ h a v p[]ful action 9 accel]at+ ! decomposition ( rocks4 ,x is l torr5ts ( hot wat] fall+ = ages 9 succession ^u hot /ones4 ,?9k ( ! effect1 &1 in/ead ( wond]+ at ! l>ge am\nt ( decompos$ rocks :i* y meet ev]y:]e1 y w be surpris$ t !re are any rocks left 9 _! primitive condition4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! fact1 t all ! rocks y see are encas$1 z x 71 9 a l9+ ( ! decompos$ "p ( _! surface2 !y are actually cov]$ ) a rott5 cru/ ( _! own sub/ance4 8,ev] truly y\rs1 8,l4 ,,agassiz40 ,among ! objects ( special int]e/ :i* we h se5 "h = ! fir/ "t are ! colossal fruits ( ! ,sapucaia-tree1 a species ( ,lecy?is1 belong+ to ! same family z ! ,brazilian nuts4 ,^! fruits1 ( :i* !re are a numb] ( species1 v>y f ! size ( an apple to t ( an ord9>y melon2 !y resemble an urn clos$ ) a lid1 & conta9 ab\t fifty se$s z l>ge z almonds4 ,! woods all ov] ^! ,tijuca hills are beautiful & wond]fully luxuriant2 b ,i lack names = ! v>i\s trees4 ,we are n yet famili> en\gh ) ! aspect ( ! =e/ to di/+ui% readily its diff]5t =ms ( vegetation2 & x is besides exce$+ly difficult "h to asc]ta9 ! common names ( plants4 ,! ,brazilians d n seem to me obs]vant ( nature 9 its details2 at all ev5ts1 ,i nev] get a satisfactory answ] to ! "q ,i am con/antly putt+1 8,:at d y call ?is tree or fl[]80 ,& if y ask a botani/1 he inv>iably gives y ! sci5tific1 n ! popul> "n1 nor does he seem to be aw>e t any su* exi/s4 ,i h a due respect = nom5clature1 b :5 ,i inquire ! "n ( "s v graceful tree or "s exquisite fl[]1 ,i l to receive a manageable answ]1 some?+ t may fitly be introduc$ into ! privacy ( dome/ic life1 r ?an ! pond]\s (ficial ,lat9 appellation4 ,we are /ruck ) ! v>iety ( ,mela/omas 9 full fl[] n[1 & v conspicu\s1 f _! l>ge purple blossoms1 & h rem>k$ also sev]al species ( ! ,bombace1 easily di/+ui%$ by _! peculi> foliage & l>ge cotton fruits4 ,! ,c&elabra-tree 7,cecropia7 is abundant "h1 z ?r\gh\t ! neighborhood ( ,rio1 & is cov]$ at ?is season ) fruit resembl+ some:at ! fruit ( ! bread-tree1 b m sl5d] & cyl9drical 9 =m4 ,l>ge ,euphorbias1 ( ! size ( =e/-trees1 also attract our att5tion1 = x is ! fir/ "t we h se5 !m except z %rubs1 su* z ! 8,e/rella d ,norte0 7,po9settia74 ,b !re is be=e ,mr4 ,b5nett's h\se a v l>ge nut-tree1 8,nogueira10 ( ?is family4 ,! palms are num]\s2 among !m ! ,a/roc>yum ,c>i1 ^: sp9y /ems & leaves make x difficult to approa*1 is v common4 ,its bun*es ( bright *e/nut-br[n fruit hang f betwe5 ! leaves :i* =m its cr[n1 ea* bun* ab\t a foot 9 l5g?1 massive & compact1 l a l>ge clu/] ( black ,hamburg grapes4 ,! ,syagrus palm is also frequ5t2 x has a gre5i% fruit n unlike ! olive 9 appe>ance1 also hang+ 9 l>ge p5d5t bun*es j bel[ ! leaves4 ,! mass ( foliage is ev]y:]e knit toge!r by p>asitic v9es )\t numb]1 & e dead bran* or fall5 trunk is ov]gr[n by p>asites4 ,=eign tropical trees are cultivat$ ab\t ! h\ses ev]y:]e1--bread-fruit trees & ,ameixas1 a k9d ( plum ( ! haw?orn family1 bananas1 etc4 ,! bamboo ( ! ,ea/ ,indies also is us$ to =m av5ues 9 ,rio de ,janeiro & its environs4 ,! alleys ( bamboo 9 ! gr\nds ( ! palace at ,san ,*ri/ovo are among its mo/ beautiful ornam5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fall5 ,trunk ov]gr[n by ,p>asites4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 surpris$ to f9d t %rimps ( consid]able size are common 9 all ! brooks & ev5 9 ! highe/ pools ( ,tijuca4 ,x seems /range to meet ) ,cru/acea ( m>9e =ms 9 m\nta9 /reams4 ,to-day we are kept 9 ! h\se by a viol5t ra91 b !re is en\gh to d 9 look+ ov] specim5s1 work+ up j\rnals1 writ+ lett]s1 c41 to prev5t ! "t f hang+ heavy on our h&s4 ,to-morr[ we return to t[n4 ,may #bh?1 ,,rio4--,to-day is ,mr4 ,agassiz's bir?day1 & x has be5 s affectionately rememb]$ "h t x is difficult to believe ourselves 9 a =eign c\ntry4 ,! ,swiss citiz5s gave him a d9n] ye/]day on ! eve ( ! anniv]s>y1 :]e ev]y?+ recall$ ! l& ( 8 bir?1 )\t exclud+ ! l& ( 8 adoption4 ,! room 0 drap$ ) ! flags ( all ! ,cantons1 :ile ! ceil+ 0 cov]$ by two ,swiss national flags1 unit$ 9 ! c5tre j above 8 own seat by ! ,am]ican flag1 ?us recogniz+ at once 8 ,swiss nationality & 8 ,am]ican citiz5%ip4#cc ,! ,brazilian flag :i* gave !m all hospitality & protection _h also an honor$ place4 ,! fte is report$ to h be5 mo/ g5ial & gay1 clos+ ) a numb] ( /ud5t songs 9 :i* all bore _! %>e1 & succe$$ by a s]5ade "u our w9d[s4 ,to-day our room is fe/ive ) fl[]s & o!r decorations1 & fri5dly greet+s on e side rem9d u t1 ?\gh 9 a =eign l&1 we are n among /rang]s4 ,june #ad?4--,s9ce our return f ,tijuca we h be5 almo/ con/antly 9 t[n1 ,mr4 ,agassiz be+ engag$1 (t5 f e>ly morn+ till deep into ! night1 9 tak+ c>e ( ! specim5s :i* come 9 f e qu>t]1 & mak+ ! f9al prep>ations = ! p>ties :i* he int5ds s5d+ into ! int]ior4 ,! mo/ important ( ^!1 or r ! "o = :i* x is mo/ difficult to procure ! necess>y facilities1 is b\nd = ! upp] c\rse ( ! ,san ,francisco4 ,at ?is po9t "o or m ( _! numb] w /rike across ! c\ntry to ! ,tocant9s1 & desc5d t riv] to ! ,amazons1 :ile ! o!rs w foll[ ! valley ( ! ,piauhy to ! coa/4 ,?is is a long1 difficult1 b1 z we are assur$1 n a dang]\s j\rney = "y & vigor\s m54 ,b wi%+ to anticipate e tr\ble t may befall !m1 ,mr4 ,agassiz has made x 8 bus9ess to asc]ta91 z f> z possible1 ! nature ( ! r\te1 & to obta9 lett]s to ! mo/ influ5tial p = e /ep ( ! road4 ,?is has be5 no light task2 9 a c\ntry :]e !re are no e/abli%$ means ( int]nal communication1 :]e mules1 guides1 cam>adas1 & ev5 an arm$ escort may be necess>y1 & mu/ be provid$ = 9 advance1 ! prep>ation = a j\rney ?r\gh ! int]ior requires a va/ deal ( =e?\ght4 ,add to ?is ! national habit ( procra/9ation1 ! pr(\nd conviction ( ! ,brazilian t to-morr[ is bett] ?an to-day1 & "o may und]/& h[ x happ5s t1 al?\gh x has be5 a prim>y object s9ce our arrival to exp$ite ! p>ty to ! ,tocant9s1 _! dep>ture has be5 delay$ till n[4 ,& yet x w\ld be ! height ( +ratitude to give ! impression t !re has be5 any backw>dness on ! "p ( ! ,brazilians !mselves1 or ( _! gov]nm5t1 to facilitate ! objects ( ! exp$ition4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y n only %[ a w>m int]e/1 b ! utmo/ g5]osity1 & read9ess to give all ! practical aid 9 _! p[]4 ,sev]al lead+ memb]s ( ! ,cab9et1 ! ,s5ate1 & ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives h f\nd "t n[1 :5 !y h a w> ^u _! h&s1 & :5 "o m9i/ry has be5 go+ out & ano!r com+ 91 n only to prep>e ! necess>y introductions = ^! p>ties f ,rio to ! ,amazons1 b also to write out ! r\tes1 giv+ ! mo/ important directions & in=mation = ! sep>ate j\rneys4#cd ,yet ) ! be/ w 9 ! _w ! ,brazilians "k comp>atively little ( ! int]ior ( _! own c\ntry4 ,x is necess>y to collect all t is kn[n f a v>iety ( s\rces1 & !n to comb9e x z well z may be1 s z to =m an organiz$ plan4 ,ev5 !n a great deal mu/ be left to be decid$ 9 accordance ) circum/ances :i* no "o c =esee4 ,no pa9s h be5 sp>$ to anticipate all ! probable difficulties1 & to provide = !m z f> z x is humanly possible to d s2 & we feel t ?is j\rney1 a "p ( :i* has be5 made by v few p]sons be=e1 has nev] be5 und]tak5 "u bett] auspices4 ,?is p>ty w explore ! upp] c\rse ( ! ,rio ,doce1 ! ,rio das ,velhas1 & ! ,san ,francisco1 ) ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,tocant9s & its tribut>ies1 z f> z !y c2 mak+ also collections ( fossils 9 c]ta9 regions ^u ! r\te4 ,ano!r p>ty1 />t+ at ab\t ! same "t1 is to keep ne>] ! coa/1 explor+ ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,rio ,doce & ! ,san ,francisco4 ,mr4 ,agassiz ?us hopes to make at lea/ a p>tial survey ( ?is great wat] sy/em1 :ile he himself und]takes ! ,amazons & its tribut>ies4#ce ,9 ! mean "t1 ! result ( ! weeks he has be5 oblig$ to sp5d 9 ,rio1 :ile organiz+ ! "w ( ^! p>ties & mak+ ! practical arrangem5ts = its prosecution1 has be5 v satisfactory4 ,! collections are l>ge1 & w give a tol]ably complete idea ( ! fauna ( ?is prov9ce1 z well z a "p ( t ( ,m9as ,g]es4 ,a survey ( ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad1 made "u 8 direction by 8 two "y fri5ds1 ,messrs4 ,h>t & ,/4 ,john1 is also an excell5t beg9n+ ( ! "w 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 & 8 own obs]vations on ! drift ph5om5a h an important be>+ on ! great que/ions on :i* he hop$ to ?r[ new light 9 com+ "h4 ,! clos+ words ( a lecture deliv]$ by him la/ ev5+ at ! ,collegio ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo w be/ express 8 own e/imation ( ! facts he has collect$ 9 _! be>+ on ! drift ph5om5a 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,aft] giv+ "s acc\nt ( ! erratic blocks & drift obs]v$ by him at ,tijuca & already describ$ 9 8 lett] to ,mr4 ,peirce1 he add$3 8,i wi% "h to make a nice di/9ction t ,i may n be misund]/ood4 ,i affirm t ! erratic ph5om5a1 viz4 erratic drift1 9 imm$iate sup]position ) p>tially decompos$ /ratifi$ rock1 exi/ "h 9 y\r imm$iate neighborhood2 ,i believe t ^! ph5om5a are connect$1 "h z else:]e1 ) ! action ( ice4 ,x is nev]!less possible t a m intimate /udy ( ^! subjects 9 tropical regions may reveal "s phase ( ! ph5om5a n hi!rto obs]v$1 j z ! inve/igation ( ! glacial action 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has %[n t imm5se masses ( ice may move ov] a pla91 z well z ov] a m\nta9 slope4 ,let me n[ urge a special /udy ( ^! facts ^u ! "y geologi/s ( ,rio1 z !y h nev] be5 inve/igat$ & _! pres5ce is usually d5i$4 ,if y ask me1 #8,to :at end8--( :at use is su* a discov]y8'--,i answ]1 ,x is giv5 to no mortal man to pr$ict :at may be ! result ( any discov]y 9 ! realms ( nature4 ,:5 ! electric curr5t 0 discov]$1 :at 0 x8 ,a curiosity4 ,:5 ! fir/ electric ma*9e 0 inv5t$1 to :at use 0 x put8 ,to make puppets dance = ! amusem5t ( *ildr54 ,to-day x is ! mo/ p[]ful eng9e ( civilization4 ,b %\ld our "w h no o!r result ?an ?is1--to "k t c]ta9 facts 9 nature are ?us & n o!rwise1 t _! causes 7 su* & no o!rs1--?is result 9 itself is good en\gh1 & great en\gh1 s9ce ! end ( man1 8 aim1 8 glory1 is ! k ( ! tru?40 ,"o ^w ^u ^! lectures1 s9ce we are told by ! ,brazilians !mselves t ! introduction ( public lectures among !m is a novelty & 9 a c]ta9 s5se an era 9 _! educational hi/ory4 ,if any subject ( sci5ce or lett]s is to be pres5t$ to ! public "h1 x is done "u special conditions be=e a select$ audi5ce1 :]e ! pap] is read 9 pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or ) all due solemnity4 ,popul> in/ruction1 ) admittance = all :o c>e to li/5 or to le>n1 has be5 hi!rto a ?+ unkn[n4 ,! sugge/ion 0 made by ,dr4 ,pa*eco1 ! ,director ( ! ,collegio ,dom ,p$ro ,,ii41 a man ( lib]al culture & great intellig5ce1 :o has already done mu* = ! progress ( education 9 ,rio de ,janeiro2 x f\nd favor ) ! ,emp]or1 :o is ke5ly alive to any?+ :i* c /imulate ! love ( k among 8 p1 & at 8 reque/ ,mr4 ,agassiz has giv5 a c\rse ( lectures 9 ,fr5* on a v>iety ( sci5tific subjects4 ,he 0 inde$ v glad to h an opportunity ( introduc+ "h a means ( popul> education :i* he believes to h be5 v salut>y 9 its influ5ce among u4 ,at fir/ ! pres5ce ( ladies 0 object$ to1 z too great an innovation on national habits2 b ev5 t 0 ov]come1 & ! doors 7 op5$ to all com]s1 ! lectures be+ giv5 aft] ! true ,new ,engl& fa%ion4 ,i mu/ say t1 if ! absolutely un9t]rupt$ att5tion ( an audi5ce is any te/ ( its intellig5ce1 no man c\ld ask a bett] "o ?an t :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz has _h ! pleasure ( address+ 9 ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,x has also be5 a great pleasure to him1 aft] tea*+ = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s 9 ,engli%1 to ?r[ (f ! fett]s ( a =eign tongue & speak aga9 9 ,fr5*4 ,aft] all1 ) a few exceptions1 a man's native language rema9s = him ! be/2 x is ! elem5t 9 :i* he always moves mo/ at ease4 ,! ,emp]or1 ) 8 family1 has be5 pres5t at all ^! lectures1 & x is wor?y ( note1 z %[+ ! simplicity ( 8 "*1 t1 in/ead ( occupy+ ! rais$ plat=m int5d$ = !m1 he caus$ ! *airs to be plac$ on a level ) ! o!rs1 z if to %[ t 9 sci5ce at lea/ !re is no di/9ction ( rank4#cf ,june #aa?4--,to-day has be5 a fe/a1 b "o ! significance ( :i* x is some:at difficult to und]/&1 s s+ul>ly is ! religi\s elem5t m+l$ ) ! grotesque & qua9t4 ,9 ! ,*ur* x is ! fea/ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i1 b x happ5s to fall on ! same date z ano!r fe/ival 9 honor ( ,/4 ,george1 :i* is kept ) all sorts ( antique c]emonies4 ,i w5t 9 ! morn+ ) our "y fri5d1 ,mr4 ,t----1 to ! ,imp]ial *apel1 :]e high mass 0 celebrat$1 & at ! close ( ! s]vices we _h "s difficulty 9 f9d+ our way back to ! hotel1 be=e :i* ! procession 0 to pass1 = ! /reet 0 already drap$ ) all sorts ( gay colors & cr[d$ ) spectators4 ,fir/ 9 ord] came ! religi\s "p ( ! procession2 a long array ( prie/s & *ur* (ficials c>ry+ light$ c&les1 pyramids ( fl[]s1 bann]s1 c4 ,!n came ! ho/1 "u a canopy ( :ite sat9 & gold1 support$ by massive /affs2 ! be>]s 7 ! highe/ dignit>ies ( ! l&1 fir/ among !m be+ ! ,emp]or himself & 8 son-9-law1 ! ,duke ( ,saxe4 ,9 /range contra/ ) ^! solemnities 0 ! /uff$ eque/rian figure ( ,/4 ,george1 a huge1 unwieldy %ape on horseback1 prec$$ & foll[$ by rid]s almo/ z grotesque z himself4 ,) him came a numb] ( ord]s resembl+1 if n ! same z1 ! ,free-,masons1 ! ,odd ,fell[s1 & l societies4 ,! bett] educat$ ,brazilians speak ( ?is procession z an old legacy f ,portugal1 :i* has lo/ its significance = !m1 & :i* !y w\ld gladly see pass out ( use1 z x is already out ( date4 ,?is ev5+ ,mr4 ,agassiz gave ! clos+ lecture ( 8 c\rse4 ,x is to be foll[$ next week by a lecture f ,dr4 ,capanema1 ! ,brazilian geologi/1 & !re w be an attempt made to organize c\rses ( public lectures on ! same plan h]eaft]4 ,our numb]s are gradually dim9i%+4 ,la/ week ! p>ty = ! int]ior1 consi/+ ( ,messrs4 ,/4 ,john1 ,all51 ,w>d1 & ,sceva1 />t$1 & ,messrs4 ,h>tt & ,copel& leave 9 a day or two to und]take an exploration ( ! coa/ betwe5 ! ,p>ahyba d ,sul & ,bahia4 ,june #cj?4--,on ! #ba/ we left ,rio on our way to ! prov9ce ( ,m9as ,g]es1 :]e we 7 to pass a week at ! c(fee faz5da ( ,s5hor ,lage1 :o receiv$ u s c\rte\sly on our =m] visit to ,juiz de ,=a1 & :o 0 s influ5tial 9 project+ & c>ry+ out ! ,union & ,indu/ry road4 ,! j\rney to ,juiz de ,=a1 ?\gh we _h made x once be=e1 _h lo/ no?+ ( its beauty by famili>ity1 & _h ga9$ 9 int]e/ ( ano!r k9d2 = 8 exam9ation ( ! erratic drift at ,tijuca has giv5 ,mr4 ,agassiz ! key to ! geological con/itution ( ! soil1 & :at seem$ to him q inexplicable on our fir/ excursion ov] ?is road is n[ p]fectly legible4 ,x is int]e/+ to wat* ! progress ( an inve/igation ( ?is "*1 & to see h[ ! m5tal process gradually cle>s away ! obscurity4 ,! p]ception becomes %>p5$ by dwell+ ^u ! subject1 & ! m9d adapts itself to a difficult problem z ! eye adapts itself to d>kness4 ,t :i* 0 confus$ at fir/ pres5tly becomes cle> to ! m5tal vision ( ! obs]v]1 :o wat*es & waits = ! light to ent]4 ,!re is "o effect ( ! atmosph]ic influ5ce "h1 already allud$ to 9 ! previ\s pages1 :i* at fir/ sight is v deceptive4 ,:]ev] !re is any cut ?r\gh drift1 unless rec5tly op5$1 x becomes bak$ at ! surface s z to simulate /one 9 su* a way z h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f ! decompos$ rock surfaces 9 place1 unless by a c>eful exam9ation4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! p>tial oblit]ation ( ! /ratification 9 _m places1 makes x1 at fir/ glance1 difficult to recognize ! po9t ( contact betwe5 ! /ratifi$ rock & ! drift re/+ above x4 ,a little famili>ity ) ^! deceptive appe>ances1 h[ev]1 makes x z easy to read ! brok5 leaves ( ! book ( nature "h z else:]e1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz has n[ no m difficulty 9 foll[+ ! erratic ph5om5a 9 ^! ,s\!rn regions ?an 9 ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,all t is want+ to complete ! evid5ce ( ! actual pres5ce ( ice "h1 9 =m] times1 is ! glacial writ+1 ! /ri & furr[s & poli% :i* m>k its track 9 ! temp]ate zone4 ,^! "o c h>dly hope to f9d :]e ! rock is ( s p]i%able a "* & its dis9tegration s rapid4 ,b ?is mu* is c]ta91--a %eet ( drift cov]s ! c\ntry1 compos$ ( a homog5e\s pa/e )\t trace ( /ratification1 conta9+ loose mat]ials ( all sorts & sizes1 imb$d$ 9 x )\t ref]5ce to weight1 l>ge b\ld]s1 small] /ones1 pebbles1 & ! l4 ,?is drift is v unev5ly di/ribut$2 sometimes ris+ into high hills1 ow+ to ! surr\nd+ d5udations2 sometimes cov]+ ! surface m]ely z a ?9 lay]2 sometimes1 & especially on /eep slopes1 wa%$ completely away1 leav+ ! b>e face ( ! rock2 sometimes deeply gulli$1 s z to produce a succession ( depressions & elevations alt]nat+ ) ea* o!r4 ,to ?is latt] cause is due1 9 great degree1 ! bill[y1 undulat+ "* ( ! valleys4 ,ano!r cause ( difficulty 9 trac+ ! erratic ph5om5a consi/s 9 ! numb] ( deta*$ fragm5ts :i* h fall5 f ! neighbor+ heights4 ,x is n always easy to di/+ui% ^! f ! erratic b\ld]s4 ,b a numb] ( localities exi/1 nev]!less1 :]e ! drift re/s imm$iately above /ratifi$ rock1 ) ! b\ld]s protrud+ f x1 ! l9e ( contact be+ p]fectly di/9ct4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t "o may foll[ ! drift ev]y:]e 9 ?is region by ! prosp]\s c(fee plantations4 ,"h z else:]e ice has be5 ! great f]tiliz]1--a gigantic pl\gh gr9d+ ! rocks to p[d] & mak+ a homog5e\s soil 9 :i* ! greate/ v>iety ( *emical elem5ts are br\ght toge!r f di/ant localities4 ,s f> z we h foll[$ ^! ph5om5a 9 ! prov9ces ( ,rio & ,m9as ,g]es1 ! ?riv+ c(fee plantations are ^u erratic drift1 ! poor] gr[? ^u decompos$ rock 9 place4 ,^u rem>k+ ?is1 we 7 told t ! f>m]s :o are famili> ) ! soil select t 9 :i* !y f9d loose rocks imb$d$1 because x is ! mo/ f]tile4 ,!y unconsci\sly seek ! erratic drift4 ,x may n be amiss to po9t out "s ( ! localities 9 :i* ^! geological ph5om5a may be mo/ readily /udi$1 s9ce !y lie along ! public road1 & are easy ( access4 ,! drift is v evid5t 9 ! swamp betwe5 ,mau & ,raiz da ,s]ra on ! way to ,petropolis4 ,9 asc5d+ ! ,s]ra at ! half-way h\se !re is an excell5t locality = obs]v+ drift & b\ld]s2 & beyond "o may foll[ ! drift up to ! v top ( ! road4 ,! :ole tract betwe5 ,villa ,!resa & ,petropolis is full ( drift4 ,j outside ( ,petropolis1 ! ,piabanha has excavat$ its b$ 9 drift1 :ile ! banks h be5 rav9$ by ! ra9s4 ,at ! /ation ( ,correio1 9 front ( ! build+1 is also an admirable opportunity = obs]v+ all ! erratic ph5om5a1 = "h ! drift1 ) l>ge b\ld]s int]sp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! mass1 ov]lies ! rock 9 place4 ,a few /eps to ! nor? ( ! /ation ,p$ro d ,rio !re is ano!r great accumulation ( l>ge b\ld]s 9 drift4 ,^! are b a few ( ! localities :]e su* facts may be obs]v$4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! #bb;d we arriv$ at ,juiz de ,=a1 & />t$ at sunrise ! next morn+ = ! faz5da ( ,s5hor ,lage1 "s ?irty miles beyond4 ,we _h a gay p>ty1 consi/+ ( ! family ( ,s5hor ,lage & t ( 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,s5hor ,ma*ado1 ) "o or two o!r fri5ds & ourselves4 ,! *ildr5 7 z m]ry z possible1 = a visit to ! faz5da 0 a r>ity1 & look$ ^u by !m z a great fe/ivity4 ,to transport u all ) our luggage1 two l>ge coa*es 7 provid$1 sev]al mules1 & a small c>riage1 :ile a travell+ photographic ma*9e1 belong+ to ,s5hor ,ma*ado1 :o is an admirable photographi/1 br\ght up ! re>4#cg ,! day 0 beautiful & our road lay along ! side ( ! ,s]ra1 comm&+ f9e views ( ! inl& c\ntry & ! c(fee plantations :i* cov]$ ! hillsides :]ev] ! primeval =e/ _h be5 cut d[n4 ,! road is ano!r evid5ce ( ! intellig5ce & en]gy ( ! proprietor4 ,! old roads are m]e mule tracks up "o side ( ! ,s]ra & d[n ! o!r1 gulli$ ( c\rse by all ! heavy ra9s & r5d]$ at times almo/ impassable4 ,s5hor ,lage has %[n 8 neighbors :at may be done = _! com=t 9 a c\ntry life by ab&on+ ! old me?od1 &1 in/ead ( c>ry+ ! road across ! m\nta91 cutt+ x 9 ! side ) s gradual an asc5t z to make ! ride a v easy "o4 ,x is b a f\r h\rs' drive n[ f ,juiz de ,=a to ! faz5da1 :]eas1 until ! la/ ye>1 x 0 a day's1 or ev5 9 bad wea!r a two days' j\rney on horseback4 ,x is mu* to be desir$ t 8 example %\ld be foll[$1 = ! abs5ce ( any tol]able roads 9 ! c\ntry makes travell+ 9 ! int]ior almo/ an impossibility1 & is ! mo/ s]i\s ob/acle to ! g5]al progress & prosp]ity4 ,x seems /range t ! gov]nm5ts ( ! diff]5t prov9ces1 at lea/ ( ! m popul\s ones1 su* z ,m9as ,g]es & ,rio1 %\ld n organize a sy/em ( good highways = ! great] facility ( comm]ce4 ,! pres5t mode ( transportation on mule back is sl[ & cumbr\s 9 ! highe/ degree2 x w\ld seem z if1 :]e ! produce ( ! int]ior is s valuable1 good roads w\ld pay = !mselves v soon4 ,illu/ration3 ,faz5da de ,santa ,anna 9 ,m9as ,g]as4 ,at ab\t elev5 o'clock we arriv$ at ! 8,faz5da10 ! long1 l[1 :ite build+s ( :i* enclos$ an oblong1 op5 space divid$ into l>ge squ>es1 :]e ! c(fee 0 dry+4 ,only a "p ( ?is ext5sive build+ is occupi$ z ! liv+ rooms ( ! family2 ! re/ is devot$ to all sorts ( objects connect$ ) ! c>e ( ! c(fee1 provision = ! negroes1 & ! l4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! plantation ! gue/s _h n all arriv$4 ,! special occasion ( ?is excursion to ! faz5da 0 ! fe/ival ( ,san ,joo1 kept always ) great c]emonies 9 ! c\ntry2 ! :ole week 0 to be devot$ to hunt+1 & ,s5hor ,lage _h invit$ all ! be/ sportsm5 9 ! neighborhood to jo9 9 ! *ase4 ,x w be se5 9 ! end t ^! hunt]s =m$ !mselves into a mo/ valuable corps ( collectors = ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,aft] an excell5t breakfa/ we />t$ on horseback = ! =e/ ) su* ( ! company z _h already assembl$4 ,! ride ?r\gh ! d5se1 deep1 quiet wood 0 beautiful2 & ! dead pause :5 "s "o ?\ght ! game 0 ne>1 ! hu%$ voices1 ! brea?less wait+ = ! %ot :i* ann\nc$ success or failure1 only add$ a *>m to ! sc5e4 ,!y h a /range way ( hunt+ "h2 z ! =e/ is p]fectly imp5etrable1 !y scatt] food 9 a cle>$ space = ! animals1 & build gre5 scre5s1 leav+ holes to look ?r\gh2 beh9d su* a scre5 ! hunt] waits & wat*es = h\rs p]haps1 till ! paca1 or pecc>y1 or capiv>a /eals out to fe$4 ,! ladies dism\nt$ & f\nd a cool seat 9 "o ( ^! =e/ lodges1 :]e !y wait$ = ! hunt4 ,no great success1 aft] all1 ?is aft]noon1 b "s birds :i* 7 valuable z specim5s4 ,we rode home 9 ! ev5+ to a late d9n]1 aft] :i* an enorm\s bonfire1 built by ! negroes 9 honor ( ! ,eve ( ,/4 ,joo1 0 light$ 9 front ( ! h\se4 ,! sc5e 0 exce$+ly picturesque1 ! :ole e/abli%m5t1 ! neighbor+ negro huts1 & ! di/ant =e/ be+ illum9at$ by ! blaze1 ar\nd :i* ! blacks 7 danc+1 accompany+ _! wild ge/ures ) song & drum4 ,e n[ & !n a bur/ ( fireworks add$ new brightness to ! picture4 ,! next day1 ! #bd?1 began ) a long ride on horseback be=e breakfa/1 aft] :i* ,i accompani$ ,mr4 ,agassiz on a sort ( exploration among ! ,cupim ne/s 7! ne/s ( ! ,t]mites74 ,^! are m\nds sometimes ?ree or f\r or ev5 six feet high1 & f two to ?ree or f\r feet 9 diamet]1 ( an extraord9>y solidity1 almo/ z h>d z rock4 ,s5hor ,lage s5t ) u sev]al negroes c>ry+ axes to split !m op51 :i*1 ) all _! /r5g?1 prov$ no easy task4 ,^! ne/s appe> usually to h be5 built ar\nd "s old trunk or root z a f\ndation2 ! int]ior1 ) its endless s]p5t9e passages1 look$ n unlike ! convolutions ( a me&r9a or bra9 coral2 ! walls ( ! passages seem$ to be built ( e>? t _h be5 *ew$ or knead$ 9 "s way1 giv+ !m some:at ! consi/5cy ( pap]4 ,! int]ior 0 q s(t & brittle1 s t z soon z ! negroes c\ld break ?r\gh ! out] envelope1 ab\t six in*es 9 ?ickness1 ! :ole /ructure readily fell to pieces4 ,x _h no op5+ outside1 b we f\nd1 on uproot+ "o ( ^! edifices f ! bottom1 t ! :ole base 0 p]=at$ ) holes lead+ into ! gr\nd b5ea?4 ,! int]ior ( all ( !m sw>m$ ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( inhabitants2 ! little :ite ones1 ! l>g] black ones ) br[n heads & p[]ful =ceps1 & 9 ea* 7 f\nd "o or two v l>ge swoll5 :ite ones1 q diff]5t 9 dim5sions & appe>ance f ! re/1 probably ! que5s4 ,) ! assi/ance ( ! negroes1 ,mr4 ,agassiz made1 = future exam9ation1 a l>ge collection ( all ! diff]5t k9ds ( individuals ?us liv+ toge!r 9 v>i\s num]ic proportions1 & he w\ld gladly h c>ri$ away "o ( ! ne/s1 b !y are too cumb]some = transportation4 ,! ,cupim ne/s are v diff]5t f ! dwell+s ( ! ,sauba ants1 :i* h l>ge ext]nal op5+s4 ,! latt] make h\ses by excavat+1 & sometimes und]m9e a hill s ext5sively1 ) _! long gall]ies1 t :5 a fire is light$ at "o ( ! entrances to ext]m9ate !m1 ! smoke issues at num]\s op5+s1 di/ant p]haps a qu>t] ( a mile f ea* o!r1 %[+ 9 h[ _m directions !y h tunnell$ out ! hill1 & t _! w9d+ passages communicate ) ea* o!r ?r\gh\t4 ,s _m travell]s h giv5 acc\nts ( ^! ant-h\ses1 & ( ! activity ( _! inhabitants 9 /ripp+ & c>ry+ (f ! leaves ( trees to deposit !m 9 _! habitations1 t x h>dly seems wor? :ile to repeat ! /ory4 ,yet no "o c see )\t a/oni%m5t "o ( ^! ant-armies travell+ along ! road !y h worn s neatly = !mselves1 ^? :o are com+ f ! trees look+ l a gre5 procession1 almo/ hidd5 by ! fragm5ts ( leaves !y c>ry on _! backs1 :ile ! return+ troops1 :o h already deposit$ _! burd51 are hurry+ back = m4 ,!re seems to be ano!r set ( individuals runn+ to & fro1 ^: (fice is n q s cle>1 unless x be to m>%al ! :ole sw>m & act z a k9d ( police4 ,?is view is confirm$ by an anecdote relat$ by an ,am]ican resid5t "h1 :o told u t he once saw an ant1 return+ )\t 8 load to ! h\se1 /opp$ by "o ( ^! anomal\s individuals1 sev]ely *a/is$ & s5t back to ! tree app>5tly to d 8 appo9t$ task4 ,! ,sauba ants are v injuri\s to ! c(fee %rubs1 & difficult to ext]m9ate4#ch ,9 ! aft]noon1 ! hunt]s ( ! neighborhood began to come 9 & ! p>ty 0 consid]ably enl>g$4 ,?is faz5da life1 at lea/ on an in=mal jovial occasion l ?is1 has a fasc9at+ t\* ( ! ,middle ,ages 9 x4 ,i am always rem9d$ ( ?is :5 we assemble = d9n] 9 ! l>ge dimly light$ hall1 :]e a long table1 lad5 ) game & ) l>ge haun*es ( meat1 /&s ready = ! miscellane\s company1 daily gr[+ 9 numb]s4 ,at ! upp] end sit ! family ) _! imm$iate gue/s2 bel[1 ) 8 family1 is ! 8,adm9i/rador10 ^: (fice ,i suppose corresponds to t ( ov]se] on a ,s\!rn plantation4 ,9 ?is in/ance he is a l>ge picturesque-look+ man1 g5]ally equipp$ 9 a k9d ( gray bl\se /rapp$ ar\nd ! wai/ by a broad black belt1 9 :i* are p[d]-flask & knife1 ) a bugle slung ov] 8 %\ld]1 a sl\*$ hat1 & high top-boots4 ,dur+ d9n] a numb] ( *ance cavali]s drop 91 entirely )\t c]emony1 9 hunt]'s co/ume1 z !y return f ! *ase4 ,!n at night1 or r e>ly 9 ! morn+1 7= ! ,brazilian habit is 8e>ly to b$ & e>ly to rise10 9 ord] to avoid ! heat17 :at jollity & song1 s\nd+ ! bugles long be=e ! dawn1 twang+ ! guit> & :i/l+ on ! peculi> in/rum5t us$ "h to call ! game4 ,altoge!r x is ! mo/ novel & int]e/+ collection ( social elem5ts1 m+l+ aft] a k9d ( picnic fa%ion )\t ! lea/ =mality1 & we feel e day h[ mu* we owe to our k9d ho/s = admitt+ u to an occasion :]e "o sees s mu* ( :at is national & *>act]i/ic4 ,! next day we w5t to breakfa/ at a small] faz5da belong+ also to ,s5hor ,lage1 high] up on ! ,s]ra da ,babylonia4 ,aga91 />t+ be=e sunrise1 we w5t sl[ly up ! m\nta91 ! summit ( :i* is ov] #c1jjj feet above ! sea level4 ,we 7 prec$$ by ! 8liteira10 a que] k9d ( c> slung betwe5 two mules1 9 :i* rode ! gr&mamma & ! baby2 z c>riages are impossible on ^! m\nta9 roads1 "s su* conveyance is necess>y = ^? :o are too old or too "y = horseback travell+4 ,! view 0 lovely1 ! morn+ cool & beautiful1 & aft] a two h\rs' ride we arriv$ at ! upp] faz5da4 ,"h we left our horses & w5t on foot into ! =e/1 :]e ! ladies & *ildr5 w&]$ ab\t1 ga!r+ fl[]s & explor+ ! wood walks1 :ile ! g5tlem5 occupi$ !mselves ) fi%+ & hunt+ till midday1 :5 we return$ to ! h\se to breakfa/4 ,! result ( ! *ase 0 a monkey1 two caitit 7wild pigs71 & a great v>iety ( birds1 all ( :i* w5t to swell ! sci5tific collections4#ci ,we return$ to d9e at ! l[] faz5da1 & all retir$ soon aft]1 = ! next day ! great hunt ( ! week w\ld take place1 & we 7 to be e>ly a/ir4 ,at dawn ! horses 7 at ! door1 & we 7 m\nt+ ! ,s]ra be=e sunrise4 ,we 7 b\nd to a faz5da on ! ,s]ra da ,babylonia1 "s two leagues f ! "o at :i* we 7 /ay+1 & on high] gr\nd1 too high inde$ = ! culture ( c(fee1 & devot$ to pa/ure l&4 ,x is "h t ,s5hor ,lage has 8 horses & cattle4 ,! ride along ! zigzag road w9d+ up ! ,s]ra 0 delightful 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,! cl\ds 7 flu%$ ) ! dawn2 ! di/ant hills & ! =e/1 spread+ endlessly b5ea? u1 gl[$ 9 ! sunrise4 ,! latt] "p ( ! road lay mo/ly ?r\gh ! woods1 & br\ght u out1 aft] "s two h\rs' ride1 on ! br[ ( a hill ov]look+ a small lake1 sunk 9 a cuplike depression ( ! m\nta91 j beyond :i* 0 ! faz5da4 ,! sc5ic effect 0 v pretty1 = ! bord] ( ! lake 0 ornam5t$ ) flags1 & on its wat]s float$ a little m9iature /eam] ) ! ,am]ican flag at "o end & ! ,brazilian at ! o!r4 ,our ho/ invit$ u to ride 9 at ! gate ( ! faz5da1 9 advance ( ! re/ ( our cavalcade1 a reque/ :i* we und]/ood :51 z we pass$ ! entrance1 ! little /eam] put into %ore1 &1 fir+ a salute 9 our honor1 %[$ its "n1 ,,agassiz1 9 full4 ,x 0 a pleasant surprise v successfully manag$4 ,aft] ! little excitem5t ( ?is incid5t 0 ov]1 we w5t to ! h\se to tie up our rid+-habits & prep>e = ! woods4 ,we !n emb>k$ 9 ! newly-*ri/5$ boat & cross$ ! lake to a =e/ on ! o!r side4 ,"h 7 ru/ic tables & seats arrang$ "u a t5t :]e we 7 to breakfa/2 b :ile ! meal 0 mak+ ready & a fire build+ = ! boil+ ( c(fee1 ! /ew+ ( *ick51 rice1 & o!r creature com=ts1 we w&]$ at w 9 ! wood4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ beautiful1 because ! wilde/ & mo/ primitive1 specim5 ( tropical =e/ we h yet se54 ,i ?9k no description prep>es "o = ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is =e/ & our own1 ev5 ?\gh ! latt] be ! 8=e/ primeval40 ,x is n m]ely ! diff]5ce ( ! vegetation1 b ! imp5etrability ( ! mass "h t makes ! d5sity1 d>kness1 & solemnity ( ! woods s impressive4 ,x seems z if ! mode ( gr[?--_m ( ! trees %oot+ up to an imm5se height1 b bran*+ only t[>d ! top--7 meant to give room to ! legion ( p>asites1 sipos1 lianas1 & climb+ plants ( all k9ds :i* fill ! int]v5+ spaces4 ,!re is "o fact :i* makes ! /udy ( ! tropical =e/ z int]e/+ to ! geologi/ z to ! botani/1 namely1 its relation to ! vegetable _w ( pa/ ages hidd5 9 ! rocks4 ,! tree-f]ns1 ! ,*amrops1 ! ,p&anus1 ! ,arauc>ias1 are all mod]n repres5tatives ( pa/ types1 & ?is walk 9 ! =e/ 0 an important "o to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 because he made out "o ( ^? laws ( gr[? :i* unite ! pa/ & ! pres5t4 ,! ,*amrops is a palm belong+ to ! anci5t vegetable _w1 b hav+ its repres5tatives 9 our days4 ,! mod]n ,*amrops1 ) its fan-l leaves spread+ on "o level1 /&s /ructurally l[] ?an ! ,palms ) p9nate leaves1 :i* belong almo/ exclusively to our geological age1 & h num]\s leaflets arrang$ along ei!r side ( a c5tral axis4 ,! "y ,palms 7 exce$+ly num]\s1 spr++ up at e /ep ^u our pa?1 "s ( !m n m ?an two in*es high1 :ile _! eld]s t[]$ fifty feet above !m4 ,mr4 ,agassiz ga!r$ & exam9$ great numb]s ( !m1 & f\nd t ! "y ,palms1 to :atev] g5us !y may belong1 inv>iably resemble ! ,*amrops1 hav+ _! leaves ext5d+ fan-l on "o plane1 in/ead ( be+ scatt]$ along a c5tral axis1 z 9 ! adult tree4 ,! infant ,palm is 9 fact ! mature ,*amrops 9 m9iature1 %[+ t among plants z among animals1 at lea/ 9 "s in/ances1 !re is a correspond5ce betwe5 ! y\nge/ /ages ( gr[? 9 ! high] species ( a giv5 type & ! e>lie/ introduction ( t type on e>?4#dj ,at ! close ( our ramble1 f :i* ! ,pr(essor return$ look+ n unlike an ambulatory repres5tative ( tropical vegetation1 be+ load$ d[n ) palm-bran*es1 tree-f]ns1 & ! l1 we f\nd breakfa/ await+ u4 ,"s ( our p>ty 7 miss+1 h[ev]1 ! hunt]s hav+ already tak5 _! /ations at "s di/ance ne> ! wat]4 ,! game 0 an ,anta 7,tapir71 a curi\s animal1 ab\nd+ 9 ! woods ( ?is region4 ,x has a special int]e/ = ! naturali/1 because x resembles c]ta9 anci5t mammalia n[ f\nd only among ! fossils1 j z ! tree-f]n1 ,*amrops1 c4 resemble pa/ vegetable types4 ,al?\gh ,mr4 ,agassiz _h se5 x 9 conf9em5t1 he _h a great desire to obs]ve x 9 action "u its natural condition1 & 9 ! mid/ ( a tropical =e/ z *>act]i/ic ( old geological times z ! creature itself4 ,x 01 9 fact1 to gratify ?is desire t ,mr4 ,lage _h plann$ ! hunt4 8,l'homme propose et ,dieu dispose10 h[ev]1 &1 z ! sequel w %[1 we 7 n de/9$ to see an ,anta ?is day4 ,! =e/ be+1 z ,i h said1 imp5etrable to ! hunt]1 except :]e pa?s h be5 cut1 ! game is r\s$ by s5d+ ! dogs into ! wood1 ! sportsm5 /ation+ !mselves at c]ta9 di/ances on ! outskirts4 ,! ,anta has 8 haunts ne> lakes or riv]s1 & :5 we>i$ & heat$ ) ! *ase he g5]ally makes = ! wat]1 &1 spr++ 91 is %ot z he swims across4 ,z we 7 l+]+ ov] ! breakfa/-table we he>d ! %\t ( ,anta6 ,anta6 ,9 an in/ant e man sprang to 8 gun & ran d[n to ! wat]-side1 :ile we all /ood wait+1 li/5+ to ! cries ( ! dogs1 n[ frantic ) excitem5t1 & expect+ e mom5t ! ru% ( ! hunt$ animal & 8 spr+ into ! lake4 ,b x 0 a false al>m2 ! cries ( ! dogs di$ away 9 ! di/ance3 ! day 0 cold] ?an usual1 ! ,anta turn$ back f ! wat]1 &1 lead+ 8 pursu]s a we>y *ase1 0 lo/ 9 ! =e/4 ,aft] a "t ! dogs return$1 look+ tir$ & dispirit$4 ,b ?\gh we miss$ ! ,tapir1 we saw en\gh ( ! sport to und]/& :at makes ! *>m to ! hunt] ( wat*+ = h\rs 9 ! woods1 & p]haps return+1 aft] all1 empty-h&$4 ,if he does n get ! game1 he has ! emotion2 e n[ & !n he ?9ks ! creature is at h&1 & he has a mom5t>y agitation1 height5$ by ! cries ( ! dogs & ! answ]+ cry ( ! sportsm51 :o /rive to ar\se !m to ! utmo/ by _! own %\ts1 & !n if ! animal turns back into ! ?icket all s\nd dies away1 & to a v p&emonium ( voices succe$ ! sil5ce & solitude ( ! =e/4 ,all ^! ?+s h _! fasc9ation1 & expla9 to ! un9itiat$1 to :om x seems at fir/ incompreh5sible1 :y ^! m5 w wait motionless = h\rs1 & ?9k !mselves repaid 7z ,i he>d "o ( !m decl>e7 if !y only he> ! cry ( ! dogs & "k !y h r\s$ ! game1 ev5 if !re be no o!r result4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is in/ance1 we _h pl5ty ( o!r booty4 ,! ,anta lo/1 ! hunt]s1 :o _h c>efully avoid$ fir+ hi!rto1 le/ ! s\nds ( _! guns %\ld give him w>n+1 n[ turn$ _! att5tion to less] game1 & we rode home 9 ! aft]noon ri* 9 spoils1 ?\gh )\t a ,tapir4 ,! next day 0 t ( our dep>ture4 ,be=e leav+1 we rode ) ,mr4 ,lage ?r\gh 8 plantation1 t we might und]/& some?+ ( ! process ( c(fee culture 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,i am n sure t1 9 giv+ an acc\nt ( ?is model faz5da1 we give a j idea ( faz5das 9 g5]al4 ,its own] c>ries ! same l>ge & compreh5sive _s1 ! same en]gy & =ce ( w1 into all 8 und]tak+s1 & has introduc$ ext5sive re=ms on 8 plantations4 ,! ,faz5da da ,=taleza de ,santa ,anna lies at ! foot ( ! ,s]ra da ,babylonia4 ,! h\se itself1 z ,i h already said1 makes a "p ( a succession ( l[ :ite build+s1 enclos+ an oblong squ>e divid$ into neat lots1 de/9$ = ! dry+ ( c(fee4 ,?is dry+ ( ! c(fee 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! h\se1 ?\gh x seems a v g5]al cu/om1 mu/ be an uncom=table "o2 = ! dry+-lots are laid d[n 9 a dazzl+ :ite cem5t1 f ! gl>e ( :i*1 9 ?is hot climate1 ! eye turns we>ily away1 long+ = a gre5 spot on :i* to re/4 ,j beh9d ! h\se on ! slope ( ! hill is ! orang]y4 ,i am nev] tir$ ( ^! gold5 or*>ds1 & ?is 0 "o ( especial beauty4 ,! small1 deep-color$ tang]9es1 sometimes tw5ty or ?irty 9 "o clu/]1 ! l>ge1 *oice orange1 8,l>anja selecta10 z x is call$1 (t5 t5 or twelve toge!r 9 a s+le bun*1 & be>+ ! bran*es to ! gr\nd ) _! weight2 ! pal] 8,lima dce10 or sweet lemon1 r insipid1 b greatly e/eem$ "h = its cool1 refre%+ prop]ties1--all ^!1 ) _m o!rs1--= ! v>iety ( oranges is f> great] ?an we ( ! temp]ate zone conceive x to be1--make a mass ( color 9 :i* gold1 deep orange1 & pale yell[ are bl5d$ wond]fully ) ! backgr\nd ( gre54 ,beyond ! h\se enclosure1 on ! opposite side ( ! road1 are ! g>d5s1 ) avi>y1 & fi%-ponds 9 ! c5tre4 ,) ^! exceptions1 all ( ! prop]ty :i* is n =e/ is devot$ to c(fee1 cov]+ all ! hillsides = miles ar\nd4 ,! se$ is plant$ 9 nurs]ies especially prep>$1 :]e x und]goes its fir/ ye>'s gr[?4 ,x is !n transplant$ to its p]man5t home1 & beg9s to be> 9 ab\t ?ree ye>s1 ! fir/ crop be+ ( c\rse a v light "o4 ,f t "t =w>d1 "u good c>e & ) favorable soil1 x w cont9ue to be> & ev5 to yield two crops or m annually1 = ?irty ye>s 9 succession4 ,at t "t ! %rubs & ! soil are alike exhau/$1 &1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 ! faz5deiro cuts d[n a new =e/ & beg9s a new plantation1 completely ab&on+ 8 old "o1 )\t a ?\ght ( r$eem+ or f]tiliz+ ! exhau/$ l&4 ,"o ( ! long-sight$ re=ms und]tak5 by our ho/ is ! manur+ ( all ! old1 des]t$ plantations on 8 e/ate2 he has already a numb] ( vigor\s "y plantations1 :i* promise to be z good z if a virg9 =e/ _h be5 sacrific$ to produce !m4 ,he wi%es n only to pres]ve ! wood on 8 own e/ate1 & to %[ t agriculture ne$ n be cultivat$ at ! exp5se ( ta/e & beauty1 b to rem9d 8 c\ntry p also1 t1 ext5sive z are ! =e/s1 !y w n la/ =ev]1 & t x w be necess>y to emigrate be=e long to f9d new c(fee gr\nds1 if ! old ones are to be consid]$ wor?less4 ,ano!r ( 8 re=ms is t ( ! roads1 already allud$ to4 ,! ord9>y roads 9 ! c(fee plantations1 l ! mule-tracks all ov] ! c\ntry1 are c>ri$ /raight up ! sides ( ! hills betwe5 ! l9es ( %rubs1 gulli$ by e ra91 & (f]+1 besides1 s /eep an asc5t t ev5 ) eight or t5 ox5 x is (t5 impossible to drive ! clumsy1 old-fa%ion$ c>ts up ! slope1 & ! negroes are oblig$ to br+ a great "p ( ! h>ve/ d[n on _! heads4 ,an ,am]ican1 :o has be5 a great deal on ! c(fee faz5das 9 ?is region1 told me t he _h se5 negroes br++ enorm\s burd5s ( ?is k9d on _! heads d[n almo/ v]tical slopes4 ,on ,s5hor ,lage's e/ate all ^! old roads are ab&on$1 except :]e !y are plant$ "h & !re ) alleys ( orange-trees = ! use ( ! negroes1 & he has sub/itut$ = !m w9d+ roads 9 ! side ( ! hill ) a v gradual asc5t1 s t light c>ts dragg$ by a s+le mule c transport all ! h>ve/ f ! summit ( ! plantation to ! dry+-gr\nd4 ,x 0 ! h>ve/+ season1 & ! spectacle 0 a pretty "o4 ,! negroes1 m5 & wom51 7 scatt]$ ab\t ! plantations ) broad1 %all[ trays1 made ( plait$ grass or bamboo1 /rapp$ ov] _! %\ld]s & support$ at _! wai/s2 into ^! !y 7 ga!r+ ! c(fee1 "s ( ! b]ries be+ brilliantly r$1 "s already beg9n+ to dry & turn br[n1 :ile "h & !re 0 a gre5 "o n yet q ripe1 b soon to rip5 9 ! scor*+ sun4 ,little black *ildr5 7 sitt+ on ! gr\nd & ga!r+ :at fell "u ! bu%es1 s++ at _! "w a monoton\s b r pretty snat* ( song 9 :i* "s took ! fir/ & o!rs ! second1 mak+ a n inh>moni\s music4 ,z _! baskets 7 fill$ !y came to ! ,adm9i/rador to receive a little metal ticket on :i* ! am\nt ( _! "w 0 m>k$4 ,a task is allott$ to ea* "o1--s mu* to a full-gr[n man1 s mu* to a woman ) "y *ildr51 s mu* to a *ild1--& ea* "o is paid = :atev] he may d ov] & above x4 ,! requisition is a v mod]ate "o1 s t ! indu/ri\s h an opportunity ( mak+ a little money indep5d5tly4 ,at night !y all pres5t _! tickets & are paid on ! spot = any extra "w4 ,f ! h>ve/+-gr\nd we foll[$ ! c>ts d[n to ! place :]e _! burd5 is deposit$4 ,on _! return f ! plantation ! negroes divide ! day's h>ve/1 & dispose x 9 little m\nds on ! dry+-gr\nd4 ,:5 pretty equally dri$1 ! c(fee is spread out 9 ?9 ev5 lay]s ov] ! :ole enclosure1 :]e x is bak$ = ! la/ "t4 ,x is !n hull$ by a v simple ma*9e 9 use on almo/ all ! faz5das1 & ! process is complete4 ,at noon we bade good by to our k9d ho/s1 & />t$ = ,juiz de ,=a4 ,our /age 0 n a bad imitation ( ,noah's ark1 = we c>ri$ ) u ! bea/s ( ! field & ! birds ( ! air & ! fi%es f ! wat]s1#da to say no?+ ( ! trees f ! =e/4 ,! p>ty ) :om we _h pass$ su* pleasant days collect$ to bid u f>ewell1 & foll[$ u1 z we pass$ out f ! gate1 ) vivas & wav+ hats & h&k]*iefs4 ,! foll[+ day we 7 =tunate 9 hav+ cool wea!r ) a some:at cl\dy sky1 s t our ride ( t5 h\rs f ,juiz de ,=a to ,petropolis1 on ! top ( ! /age1 0 delightful4 ,! next morn+ 9 driv+ d[n ! ,s]ra to ,mau we witness$ a s+ul> ph5om5on1 common en\gh1 ,i suppose1 to ^? :o live 9 high regions4 ,z we turn$ ! corn] ( ! road :i* fir/ br+s u 9 sight ( ! magnific5t view bel[ ! ,s]ra1 !re 0 a g5]al exclamation ( surprise & admiration4 ,! valley & h>bor1 q out to ! sea1 7 *ang$ to a field ( sn[1 :ite1 s(t1 & fleecy1 z if fall5 t night4 ,! illusion 0 p]fect1 & ?\gh recogniz$ at once z simply an effect ( ! heavy morn+ fog1 we c\ld h>dly believe t x w\ld disp]se at our approa* & n prove to be ! ?+ x seem$4 ,"h & !re ! summit ( a hill pi]c$ ?r\gh x l an isl&1 mak+ ! deception m complete4 ,! incid5t 0 especially int]e/+ to u z connect+ itself ) our late discussions z to ! possible =m] exi/5ce ( glaci]s 9 ?is region4 ,9 8 lecture a few nights be=e1 describ+ ! great] ext5sion ( ! ice 9 =m] geological ages1 :5 ! :ole pla9 ( ,switz]l& betwe5 ! ,alps & ,jura mu/ h be5 fill$ ) glaci]s1 ,mr4 ,agassiz _h said 8!re is a ph5om5on n uncommon 9 ! autumn 9 ,switz]l& :i* may help u to recon/ruct ?is wond]ful picture4 ,sometimes 9 a ,septemb] morn+ ! :ole pla9 ( ,switz]l& is fill$ ) vapor :i*1 :5 its pure :ite1 undulat+ surface is se5 f ! high] summits ( ! ,jura1 looks l a sn[y #8m] de glace1' appe>+ to desc5d f ! peaks ( ! ,alps & ext5d+ t[>d ! ,jura1 :ile f all ! tribut>y valleys simil> masses p\r d[n to meet x40 ,x 0 z if ! valley & h>bor ( ,rio _h meant to (f] u a simil> picture ( pa/ times1 ) ! image ( :i* our m9ds _h be5 fill$ = ! la/ few days 9 consequ5ce ( ! glacial ph5om5a con/antly pres5t$ to u on our j\rney4 ,july #f?4--,to-morr[ 0 to h be5 ! day ( our dep>ture = ! ,amazons1 b private int]e/s mu/ yield to public good1 & x seems t ! /eam] :i* 0 to h left = ,p> to-morr[ has be5 tak5 by ! gov]nm5t to transport troops to ! seat ( w>4 ,! aspect ( ! w> gr[s daily m s]i\s1 & ! ,emp]or goes himself ! day aft] to-morr[ to ,rio ,gr&e d ,sul1 accompani$ by 8 son-9-law1 ! ,duke ( ,saxe1 soon to be foll[$ by ! ,conte d',eu1 :o is expect$ by ! ,fr5* /eam] ( ! #ah? ( ?is mon?4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 n only are we prev5t$ f go+ at ! appo9t$ date1 b x seems n improbable t ! exig5cies ( w> may cause a /ill fur!r delay1 %\ld o!r /eam]s be ne$$4 ,a v pleasant public d9n]1 int5d$ to be on ! eve ( 8 dep>ture1 0 giv5 to ,mr4 ,agassiz ye/]day by ,messrs4 ,fleiuss & ,l9de4 ,g]mans1 ,swiss1 ,fr5*1 ,am]icans1 & ,brazilians made up ! company1 a m+l+ ( nationalities :i* result$ 9 a v g5]al h>mony4 ,july #i?4--,= "s "t ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 try+ to get liv+ specim5s ( ! insect s injuri\s to ! c(fee-tree2 ! l>va ( a little mo? ak9 to ^? :i* de/roy ! v9ey>ds 9 ,europe4 ,ye/]day he succe$$ 9 obta9+ "s1 & among !m "o j sp9n+ 8 cocoon on ! leaf4 ,we wat*$ him = a long "t ) ! l5s z he wove 8 filmy t5t4 ,he _h ar*$ ! ?reads upw>ds 9 ! c5tre1 s z to leave a little holl[ space into :i* he c\ld )draw2 ?is t9y vault seem$ to be complet$ at ! mom5t we saw him1 & he 0 draw+ ?reads =w>d & fa/5+ !m at a %ort di/ance beyond1 ?us la%+ 8 h\se to ! leaf z x 74 ,! exquisite accuracy ( ! "w 0 amaz+4 ,he 0 sp9n+ ! ?read ) 8 m\?1 & ) e new /it* he turn$ 8 body backw>d1 atta*$ 8 ?read to ! same spot1 !n drew x =w>d & fa/5$ x exactly on a l9e ) ! la/1 ) a precision & rapidity t ma*9]y c\ld h>dly imitate4 ,x is a curi\s "q h[ f> ?is p]fection ( workman%ip 9 _m ( ! l[] animals is simply id5tical ) _! organization1 & !re=e to be consid]$ a function1 z inevitable 9 its action z dige/ion or respiration1 r ?an an in/9ct4 ,9 ?is case ! body ( ! little animal 0 8 measure3 x 0 amaz+ to see him lay d[n 8 ?reads ) su* accuracy1 till "o rememb]$ t he c\ld n make !m long] or %ort]2 =1 />t+ f ! c5tre ( 8 h\se1 & /ret*+ 8 body its full l5g?1 !y mu/ always rea* ! same po9t4 ,! same is true ( ! s-call$ ma!matics ( ! bee4 ,! bees /& z close z !y c toge!r 9 _! hive = economy ( space1 & ea* "o deposits 8 wax ar\nd him1 8 own =m & size be+ ! m\ld = ! cells1 ! regul>ity ( :i* :5 complet$ excites s mu* wond] & admiration4 ,! ma!matical secret ( ! bee is to be f\nd 9 8 /ructure1 n 9 8 in/9ct4 ,b 9 ! indu/rial "w ( "s ( ! l[] animals1 ! ant = in/ance1 !re is a p[] ( adaptation :i* is n susceptible ( ! same explanation4 ,_! social organization1 too intellig5t1 x seems1 to be ! "w ( any reason+ p[]s ( _! own1 yet does n appe> to be directly connect$ ) _! /ructure4 ,:ile we 7 wat*+ our little insect1 a brea? /irr$ ! leaf & he in/antly contract$ himself & drew back "u 8 ro(2 b pres5tly came out aga9 & return$ to 8 "w4 ,july #ad?4--,i h pass$ two or ?ree days ( ?is week v pleasantly ) a p>ty ( fri5ds :o invit$ me to jo9 !m on a visit to "o ( ! l>ge/ faz5das 9 ?is neighborhood1 belong+ to ! ,comm5dador ,breves4 ,a j\rney ( "s f\r h\rs on ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad br\ght u to ! 8,b>ra d ,pirahy10 & !nce we proce$$ on mule-back1 rid+ sl[ly along ! banks ( ! ,p>ahyba ?r\gh v pleasant1 quiet sc5]y1 ?\gh mu* less picturesque ?an t 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,rio4 ,at ab\t sunset we rea*$ ! faz5da1 /&+ on a t]race j above ! riv]1 & comm&+ a lovely view ( wat] & woodl&4 ,we 7 receiv$ ) a hospitality h>dly to be equall$1 ,i ?9k1 out ( ,brazil1 = x asks nei!r :o y are nor :5ce y come1 b op5s its doors to e wayf>]4 ,on ?is occasion we 7 expect$2 b x is nev]!less true t at su* a faz5da1 :]e ! d9+-room accommodates a hundr$ p]sons if necess>y1 all travell]s pass+ ?r\gh ! c\ntry are free to /op = re/ & refre%m5t4 ,at ! "t ( our visit !re 7 sev]al su* transi5t gue/s2 among o!rs a c\ple q unkn[n to our ho/s1 :o _h /opp$ = ! night1 b _h be5 tak5 ill & deta9$ !re sev]al days4 ,!y seem$ entirely at home4 ,on ?is e/ate !re are ab\t two ?\s& slaves1 ?irty ( :om are h\se-s]vants2 x includes )9 its own bord]s all t w\ld be requir$ by su* a population 9 ! way ( supplies3 x has its drug-%op & its hospital2 its kit*5s = ! s]vice ( ! gue/s & = t ( ! num]\s indoor s]vants1 its *ur*1 its prie/1 & its doctor4 ,"h ! *ur* 0 made by ?r[+ op5 a small oratory1 v h&somely fitt$ up ) gold & silv] s]vice1 purple alt>-clo?1 c41 at ! end ( a v long room1 :i*1 ?\gh us$ = o!r purposes1 s]ves on su* an occasion to collect ! l>ge h\sehold toge!r4 ,! next morn+ our ho/ess %[$ u ! diff]5t work+-rooms4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ 0 t :]e ! *ildr5 7 taught to sew4 ,i h wond]$1 on our ,s\!rn plantations1 t m pa9s 0 n tak5 to make clev] seam/resses ( ! wom54 ,"h pla9 sew+ is taught to all ! little girls1 & _m ( !m are q exp]t 9 embroid]y & lace-mak+4 ,beyond ?is room 0 a /or]oom = clo?+1 look+ n unlike "o ( our sanit>y rooms1 ) heaps ( wooll5 & cotton /uffs :i* ! black wom5 7 cutt+ out & mak+ up = ! field h&s4 ,! kit*5s1 ) ! work+ & lodg+ rooms ( ! h\se negroes1 enclos$ a c\rt plant$ ) trees & %rubs1 ar\nd :i* ext5d$ cov]$ brick walks :]e blacks1 "y & old1 seem$ to sw>m1 f ! )]$ woman :o boa/$ h]self a hundr$1 b 0 /ill pr\d to display h] f9e lace-"w1 & ran l a girl1 to %[ u h[ sprightly %e 01 to ! nak$ baby creep+ at h] feet4 ,! old woman _h receiv$ h] lib]ty "s "t ago1 b seem$ to be v mu* atta*$ to ! family & nev] to h ?\ght ( leav+ !m4 ,^! are ! ?+s :i* make "o hopeful ab\t slav]y 9 ,brazil2 emancipation is consid]$ !re a subject to be discuss$1 legislat$ ^u1 adopt$ ultimately1 & x seems no uncommon act to pres5t a slave ) 8 lib]ty4 ,9 ! ev5+1 :ile tak+ c(fee on ! t]race aft] d9n]1 we _h v good music f a brass-b& compos$ ( slaves belong+ to ! e/ate4 ,! love ( ! negroes = music is always rem>kable1 & "h !y take pa9s to cultivate x4 ,s5hor ,breves keeps a tea*] = !m1 & !y are really v well tra9$4 ,at a lat] h\r we _h ! b& 9 ! h\se & a dance by ! black *ildr5 :i* 0 comical 9 ! extreme4 ,l little imps ( d>kness !y look$1 danc+ ) a rapidity ( movem5t & gleeful enjoym5t ) :i* "o c\ld n b sympa?ize4 ,:ile ! music 0 go+ on1 e door & w9d[ 0 fill$ ) a cl\d ( dusky faces1 n[ & !n a fair "o among !m2 = "h1 z else:]e1 slav]y br+s its inevitable & heavie/ curse1 & :ite slaves are by no means uncommon4 ,! next morn+ we left ! faz5da1 n on mule-back1 h[ev]1 b 9 "o ( ! flat-bottom$ c(fee-boats1 an agreeable ex*ange = ! long1 hot ride4 ,we 7 accompani$ to ! l&+ by our k9d ho/s1 & foll[$ by q a tra9 ( blacks1 "s ( !m br++ ! baggage1 o!rs com+ only = ! amusem5t ( see+ u (f4 ,among !m 0 ! old black woman :o gave u ! he>tie/ *e]s ( all1 z we put (f f ! %ore4 ,! sail d[n ! riv] 0 v pleasant2 ! c(fee-bags s]v$ z cu%ions1 &1 ) all our umbrellas rais$ to make an awn+1 we contriv$ to %elt] ourselves f ! sun4 ,nei!r 0 ! j\rney )\t excitem5t1 ! riv] be+ s brok5 by rocks 9 _m places t !re are /rong rapids1 requir+ a skilful navigation4 ,july #ae?4--,a long botaniz+ excursion to-day among ! ,tijuca hills ) ,mr4 ,glazi\1 director ( ! ,passeio ,publico1 z guide4 ,x has be5 a piece ( ! good =tune att5d+ ,mr4 ,agassiz ?us f> on ?is exp$ition to f9d 9 ,mr4 ,glazi\ a botani/ ^: practical famili>ity ) tropical plants is z ?or\gh z 8 !oretical k4 ,he has und]tak5 to enri* our sci5tific /ores ) a l>ge collection ( su* palms & o!r trees z illu/rate ! relation betwe5 ! pres5t tropical vegetation & ! anci5t geological =e/s4 ,su* a collection w be invaluable z a basis = palontological /udies at ! ,museum ( ,comp>ative ,zology 9 ,cambridge4 ,july #bc;d4--,at la/ our plans = ! ,amazons seem def9itely settl$4 ,we sail ! day aft] to-morr[ by ! ,cruzeiro d ,sul4 ,! conduct ( ! gov]nm5t t[>d ! exp$ition is v g5]\s2 free passages are grant$ to ! :ole p>ty1 & ye/]day ,mr4 ,agassiz receiv$ an (ficial docum5t enjo9+ all p]sons connect$ ) ! adm9i/ration to give him e facility = 8 sci5tific objects4 ,we h ano!r piece ( good =tune 9 ! addition to our p>ty ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 a memb] ( ! gov]nm5t corps ( eng9e]s1 :o has be5 engag$ = sev]al ye>s 9 explorations on ! ,amazonian riv]s4 ,happily = u1 he return$ to ,rio a few weeks ago1 & a *ance meet+ at ! palace1 :]e he _h gone to report ! results ( ! j\rney j complet$1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz to discuss ! plans = t ab\t to beg91 br\ght !m toge!r4 ,?is "y (fic]'s inve/igations _h made 8 "n famili> to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 & :5 ! ,emp]or ask$ ! latt] h[ he c\ld be/ assi/ him1 he answ]$ t !re 0 no?+ he s mu* desir$ or :i* w\ld s mat]ially aid him z ! companion%ip ( ,major ,c\t9ho4 ,! ,emp]or cordially cons5t$1 ,major ,c\t9ho signifi$ 8 read9ess1 & ! matt] 0 conclud$4 ,s9ce !n !re h be5 frequ5t conf]5ces betwe5 ,mr4 ,agassiz & 8 new colleague1 int5t /udy ( maps & endless talk ab\t ! mo/ desirable mode ( lay+ out & divid+ ! "w4 ,he feels t ,major ,c\t9ho's famili>ity ) ! sc5es to :i* we are go+ w light5 8 task ( half its difficulties1 :ile 81 sci5tific zeal w make him a mo/ sympa!tic companion4#db ,we f\nd to-day "s l>ge leaves ( ! ,t]m9alia ,catappa ( ! mo/ brilliant colors2 r$ & gold z bright z any ( our autumnal leaves4 ,?is w\ld seem to confirm ! op9ion t ! turn+ ( ! foliage ) u is n an effect ( fro/1 b simply ! rip5+ ( ! leaf2 s9ce "h1 :]e !re is no fro/1 ! same ph5om5on takes place z 9 our nor!rn latitudes4 ,july #bd?4--,our la/ prep>ations = ! j\rney are complet$2 ! collections made s9ce our arrival1 am\nt+ to upw>ds ( fifty b>rels & cases1 are pack$1 9 read9ess = ! fir/ opportunity :i* occurs = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to-morr[ morn+ we %all be on our way to ! great riv]4 ,we w5t ?is morn+ to ! ,collegio ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo to bid f>ewell to our excell5t fri5d ,dr4 ,pa*eco1 to ^: k9dness we owe mu* ( our enjoym5t dur+ our /ay "h4 ,! ,college build+ 0 once a 8sem9>io10 a *>itable in/itution :]e boys 7 tak5 to be educat$ z prie/s4 ,! rules ( ! e/abli%m5t 7 /rict2 no s]vants 7 kept1 ! pupils 7 oblig$ to d _! own "w1 cook+1 c41 & ev5 to g out into ! /reets to beg aft] ! fa%ion ( ! m5dicant ord]s4 ,"o condition only 0 atta*$ to ! entrance ( ! *ildr51 namely1 t !y %\ld be ( pure race2 no mulattoes or negroes 7 admitt$4 ,i d n "k on :at gr\nd ?is in/itution 0 brok5 up by ! gov]nm5t & ! build+ tak5 z a s*ool-h\se4 ,x has /ill a slightly mona/ic aspect1 ?\gh x has be5 greatly modifi$2 b ! cloi/]s runn+ ar\nd clos$ c\rts rem9d "o ( its orig94 ,! recitations 7 go+ on at ! mom5t ( our visit1 & z we _h se5 no?+ z yet ( ! s*ools1 ,dr4 ,pa*eco took u ?r\gh ! e/abli%m5t4 ,a college "h does n signify a univ]sity z ) u1 b r a high s*ool1 ! age ( ! pupils be+ f twelve to eighte54 ,x is difficult to judge ( me?ods ( education 9 a =eign language ) :i* "o is n v famili>4 ,b ! s*ol>s appe>$ bright & int]e/$1 _! answ]s came promptly1 _! discipl9e 0 evid5tly good4 ,"o ?+ 0 v /rik+ to a /rang] 9 see+ s _m "y p collect$ toge!r2 namely1 ! abs5ce ( pure type & ! feeble physique4 ,i d n "k :e!r x is 9 consequ5ce ( ! climate1 b a heal?y1 vigor\s *ild is a r>e sight 9 ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,! s*ol>s 7 ( all colors1 f black ?r\gh int]m$iate %ades to :ite1 & ev5 "o ( ! tea*]s hav+ ! direction ( a high] class 9 ,lat9 0 a negro4 ,x is an evid5ce ( ! abs5ce ( any prejudice aga9/ ! blacks1 t1 on ! occasion ( a rec5t vacancy among ! ,lat9 pr(essors1 ?is man1 hav+ pass$ ! be/ exam9ation1 0 unanim\sly *os5 9 pref]5ce to sev]al ,brazilians1 ( ,european desc5t1 :o pres5t$ !mselves z c&idates at ! same "t4 ,aft] he>+ sev]al ( ! classes we w5t ov] ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,! ord] & exquisite neatness ( ! :ole e/abli%m5t1 n =gett+ ! kit*51 :]e ! %9+ brasses & bright t9s might awak5 ! envy ( _m a h\sekeep]1 be> te/imony to ! excell5ce ( ! g5]al direction4 ,s9ce ! in/itution pass$ into ,dr4 ,pa*eco's h&s he has done a great deal to raise its "*4 ,he has improv$ ! libr>y1 pur*as$ in/rum5ts = ! laboratory1 & made _m judici\s *anges 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t4 ----- ,footnote #cb3 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 prev5t$ f mak+ ?is excursion4 ,footnote #cc3 ,?\gh a resid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 only naturaliz$ 9 #ahfc4 ,at ! mom5t :5 a g5]al di/ru/ ( our in/itutions prevail$ 9 ,europe1 x 0 a satisfaction to him to te/ify by "s p]sonal & public act 8 confid5ce 9 !m4 ,footnote #cd3 ,a %ort acc\nt ( ^! explorations may be f\nd at ! end ( ! volume4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ce3 ,i am p>ticul>ly indebt$ to ,s5ator ,?4 ,ottoni1 ,b>on de ,prados1 ,s5ator ,pompeo1 ,s5ator ,p>anagua1 ,s5hor ,paula ,s\za1 & ,s5hor ,j4 ,b4 da ,fonseca1 = in=mation1 maps1 & o!r docum5ts relative to ! regions int5d$ to be explor$ by my "y fri5ds & myself4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #cf3 ,s9ce x 0 report$ 9 ! newspap]s t ! proce$s ( ^! lectures 7 devot$ to ! exp$ition1 x may be well to m5tion "h t !y 7 free1 giv5 simply at ! reque/ ( ! ,emp]or1 & op5 to all )\t *>ge4 ,footnote #cg3 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 indebt$ to ,s5hor ,ma*ado = a valuable s]ies ( photographs & /]eoscopic views ( ?is region1 begun on ?is excursion & complet$ dur+ our abs5ce 9 ! ,nor? ( ,brazil4 ,footnote #ch3 ,! mo/ complete acc\nt ( ^! curi\s animals is to be f\nd 9 ,bates's 8,naturali/ on ! ,amazons40 ,footnote #ci3 ,i 0 especially int]e/$ 9 exam9+ ! vegetable productions ( a little lake1 h>dly l>g] ?an a mill-pond1 ne> ?is faz5da4 ,x 0 /range to see ,potamogeton & ,myriophyllum1 plants :i* we associate exclusively ) ! fre% wat]s ( ! temp]ate zone1 gr[+ 9 ! %ad[ ( tropical =e/s :]e monkeys h _! home4 ,su* comb9ations are v puzzl+ to ! /ud5t ( ! laws ( geographical di/ribution4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #dj3 ,9 ! same way1 x may be said t 9 its incipi5t gr[? ! ,dicotyl$on\s ,plant exhibits1 9 ! /ructure ( its g]m9ative leaves1 ! *>act]i/ic features ( ,monocotyl$on\s ,plants4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #da3 ,s5hor ,lage _h caus$ an ext5sive collection ( fi%es to be ga!r$ f ! wat]s ( ! ,rio ,novo1 s t ?is excursion greatly ext5d$ ! range ( my survey ( ! bas9 ( ! ,p>ahyba4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #db3 ,nev] 7 pleasant anticipations m delightfully fulfill$4 ,dur+ elev5 mon?s ( ! mo/ intimate companion%ip ,i _h daily cause to be grateful = ! *ance :i* _h ?r[n u toge!r4 ,i f\nd 9 ,major ,c\t9ho an able collaborator1 untir+ 9 8 activity & devotion to sci5tific aims1 an admirable guide1 & a fri5d ^: reg>d ,i tru/ ,i %all ev] reta94--,l4 ,a4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,voyage ,,up ,,! ,,coa/ ,,to ,,p>4 ,,on ,,bo>d ,,! 8,,cruzeiro ,,d ,,sul40--,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,p>ty4--,,arrival ,,at ,,bahia4--,,day ,,9 ,,! ,,c\ntry4--,,return ,,to ,,! ,,/eam]4--,,conv]sation ,,ab\t ,,slav]y ,,9 ,,brazil4--,,negro ,,m>riages4--,,maceio4--,,p]nambuco4--,, p>ahyba ,,d ,,norte4--,,ramble ,,on ,,%ore4--,,ce>4--,,difficult ,,l&+4--,,brazilian ,,ba?s4--,,m>anham4--,,assai ,,palm4--,,visit ,,to ,,orphan ,,asylum4--,,deta9$ ,,9 ,,port4--,,v>iety ,,( ,,m$us4--,,arrival ,,( ,,am]ican ,,gunboat4--,,m ,,m$us4--,,d9n] ,,on ,,%ore4--,,cordiality ,,t[>d ,,! ,,exp$ition4--,,arrival ,,at ,,p>4--,,k9d ,,reception4--,,environs ,,( ,,p>4--,,luxuriant ,,gr[?4--,,m>kets4--,,indian ,,boats4--,,agreeable ,,climate4--,,excursion ,,9 ,,! ,,h>bor4--,,curi\s ,,mu%room4--,,success ,,9 ,,collect+1 ,,) ,,! ,,assi/ance ,,( ,,our ,,ho/ ,,& ,,o!r ,,fri5ds4--,,fi%es ,,( ,,! ,,=e/s4--,,public ,,expressions ,,( ,,sympa?y ,,= ,,! ,,exp$ition4--,,g5]osity ,,( ,,! ,,amazonian ,,/eam%ip ,,company4--,,geological ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,%ore ,,f ,,rio ,,to ,,p>4--,,erratic ,,drift4--,,lett] ,,to ,,! ,,emp]or4 ,july #be?4--,on bo>d ! 8,cruzeiro d ,sul40 ,we sail$ to-day at #aa o'clock1 bidd+ good by ) regret1 ?\gh n )\t hope ( return1 to ! beautiful bay & m\nta9s on :i* we h be5 look+ = ?ree mon?s4 ,our p>ty consi/s ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt1 ,monsieur ,b\rget1 :o accompanies ,mr4 ,agassiz to ! ,amazons z collector & prep>ator1 our two "y fri5ds ,mr4 ,hunnewell & ,mr4 ,james1 & ourselves4 ,at ,bahia we %all be jo9$ by ,mr4 ,dext] & ,mr4 ,?ay]1 two ( our p>ty :o h prec$$ u up ! coa/1 & h be5 collect+ 9 ! neighborhood ( ,bahia = two or ?ree weeks4 ,! aspect ( ! /eam] is n v invit+1 = x has be5 us$ ( late = ! transportation ( troops to ! s\?1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x is v dirty2 x is also ov]cr[d$ on acc\nt ( ! numb] ( p]sons b\nd nor?w>d1 :o h be5 deta9$ 9 ,rio by ! int]ruption ( ! regul> trips on ?is l9e4 ,we are promis$ bett] accommodations aft] a few days1 h[ev]1 z _m ( ! pass5g]s w drop (f at ,bahia & ,p]nambuco4 ,july #bh?4--,bahia4 ,half ! enjoym5t ( life borr[s int5sity f contra/1 & to ?is pr9ciple we c]ta9ly owe a "p ( our pleasure to-day4 ,aft] ?ree half sea-sick days on a dirty1 cr[d$ /eam]1 ! *ange is delightful to a breezy c\ntry h\se1 :]e we are receiv$ ) t mo/ graci\s hospitality :i* relieves bo? ho/ & gue/s ( ! s5se ( ent]ta9+ or be+ ent]ta9$4 ,"h ,i h be5 sitt+ "u ! deep %ade ( a huge mango-tree1 ) a numb] ( ! 8,revue des ,deux ,mondes0 on my knee1 ei!r read+ or li/5+ lazily to ! ru/le ( ! leaves or ! coo+ ( ! pigeons z !y patt] up & d[n on ! til$ floor ( ! por* ne> by1 or wat*+ ! negroes z !y come & g ) trays ( vegetables or baskets ( fruit & fl[]s on _! heads1 = ! s]vice ( ! h\se4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,mr4 ,agassiz is engag$ 9 exam9+ ! collections made by ,mr4 ,dext] & ,mr4 ,?ay] dur+ _! visit "h4 ,!y h be5 aid$ mo/ cordially by our fri5d ,mr4 ,antonio de ,lac]da1 at ^: hospitable h\se we are /ay+1 & :]e we f\nd our travell+ companions q dome/icat$4 ,he receiv$ !m on _! arrival1 & has giv5 !m e facility dur+ _! /ay "h = ! objects !y _h 9 view1 8 own love ( natural hi/ory1 to :i* he devotes e sp>e h\r f 8 active bus9ess life1 r5d]+ him an effici5t ally4 ,he has a l>ge & v valuable collection ( insects1 admirably arrang$ & 9 excell5t pres]vation4 ,!y are also greatly indebt$ to ,mr4 ,nicolai1 ! resid5t ,engli% cl]gyman "h1 :o has accompani$ !m on "s ( _! excursions1 & put !m 9 ! way ( see+ :atev] 0 mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! neighborhood4 ,on arriv+ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica "o %\ld l& fir/ 9 ,bahia1 = 9 its aspect x is ! mo/ national & *>act]i/ic ( ! cities4 ,z we pass$ directly ?r\gh ! t[n ?is morn+1 we c give b little acc\nt ( x1 & yet we saw en\gh to confirm all t has be5 said ( its qua9t & picturesque "*4 ,on fir/ disemb>k+1 y f9d y\rself at ! foot ( an almo/ p]p5dicul> hill1 & negro-be>]s appe> at y\r side to c>ry y up ! /eep asc5t1 almo/ impassable = c>riages1 9 a 8cadeira10 or curta9$ *air4 ,?is is 9 itself an odd exp]i5ce = "o to :om x is new1 & ! re/ ( ! city1 ) its precipit\s /reets1 its que] h\ses1 its old *ur*es1 is z qua9t & antique z ^! orig9al c>riages4 ,july #bi?4--,to-day we h ! 8rev]s de la mdaille02 we h return$ to our prison1 & a viol5t ra9 drives u all to take refuge 9 ! hot1 close d9+-room1 our only resort :5 ! wea!r is bad4 ,july #cj?4--,(f ,macei4 ,la/ ev5+1 :5 ! ra9 0 ov] & ! moonlight tempt$ e "o on deck1 we _h a long conv]sation ) our pleasant travell+ companion1 ,mr4 ,s9imbu1 s5ator f ! prov9ce ( ,alagz1 on ! aspect ( slav]y 9 ,brazil4 ,x seems to me t we may h some?+ to le>n "h 9 our own p]plexities respect+ ! position ( ! black race among u1 = ! ,brazilians are try+ gradually & by in/allm5ts "s ( ! exp]im5ts :i* are =c$ ^u u )\t previ\s prep>ation4 ,! abs5ce ( all re/ra9t ^u ! free blacks1 ! fact t !y are eligible to (fice1 & t all pr(essional c>e]s are op5 to !m1 )\t prejudice on ! gr\nd ( color1 enables "o to =m "s op9ion z to _! ability & capacity = developm5t4 ,mr4 ,s9imbu tells u t "h ! result is on ! :ole 9 _! favor2 he says t ! free blacks comp>e well 9 intellig5ce & activity ) ! ,brazilians & ,portuguese4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$1 9 mak+ ! comp>ison ) ref]5ce to our own c\ntry1 t "h !y are br\ght into contact ) a less en]getic & p[]ful race ?an ! ,anglo-,saxon4 ,mr4 ,s9imbu believes t emancipation is to be accompli%$ 9 ,brazil by a gradual process :i* has already begun4 ,a l>ge numb] ( slaves are fre$ e ye> by ! wills ( _! ma/]s2 a /ill l>g] numb] buy _! own fre$om annually2 & z !re is no long] any importation ( blacks1 ! inevitable result ( ?is mu/ be ! natural dea? ( slav]y4 ,unhappily1 ! process is a sl[ "o1 & 9 ! mean :ile slav]y is do+ its evil "w1 debas+ & enfeebl+ alike :ites & blacks4 ,! ,brazilians !mselves d n d5y ?is1 & "o con/antly he>s !m lam5t ! necessity ( s5d+ _! *ildr5 away to be educat$1 on acc\nt ( ! injuri\s association ) ! h\se-s]vants4 ,9 fact1 al?\gh politically slav]y has a m hopeful aspect "h ?an else:]e1 ! in/itution f a moral po9t ( view has "s ( its mo/ revolt+ *>act]s 9 ?is c\ntry1 & looks1 if possible1 m odi\s ?an x did 9 ! ,/ates4 ,! o!r day1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio1 ,i _h an opportunity ( see+ a m>riage betwe5 two negroes1 ^: own] made ! religi\s1 or1 z x appe>$ to me on ?is occasion1 irreligi\s c]emony1 obligatory4 ,! bride1 :o 0 z black z jet1 0 dress$ 9 :ite musl91 ) a veil ( co>se :ite lace1 su* z ! negro wom5 make !mselves1 & ! husb& 0 9 a :ite l95 suit4 ,%e look$1 & ,i ?9k %e really felt1 diffid5t1 = !re 7 a good _m /rang]s pres5t1 & h] position 0 emb>rass+4 ,! ,portuguese prie/1 a bold1 insol5t-look+ man1 call$ !m up & rattl$ ov] ! m>riage s]vice ) mo/ irrev]5t spe$1 /opp+ n[ & !n to scold !m bo?1 b especially ! woman1 because %e did n speak l\d en\gh & did n take ! :ole ?+ 9 ! same co>se1 r\gh way t he did4 ,:5 he ord]$ !m to come up & kneel at ! alt>1 8 tone 0 m sugge/ive ( curs+ ?an pray+1 & hav+ utt]$ 8 bless+ he hurl$ an am5 at !m1 slamm$ ! pray]-book d[n on ! alt>1 :iff$ out ! c&les1 & turn$ ! bride & bridegroom out ( ! *apel ) z little c]emony z "o w\ld h kick$ out a dog4 ,z ! bride came out1 half cry+1 half smil+1 h] "m met h] & %[]$ h] ) rose-leaves1 & s ?is act ( consecration1 9 :i* ! "m's b5$iction seem$ ! only grace1 0 ov]4 ,i ?\ght :at a /range confusion !re mu/ be 9 ^! poor creature's m9ds1 if !y ?\ght ab\t x at all4 ,!y are told t ! relation betwe5 man & wife is a s91 unless confirm$ by ! sacr$ rite ( m>riage2 !y come to he> a bad man gabble ov] !m words :i* !y _c und]/&1 m+l$ ) taunts & abuse :i* !y und]/& only too well1 & side by side ) _! own *ildr5 gr[ up ! little fair-sk9n$ slaves to tell !m practically t ! :ite man does n keep himself ! law he imposes on !m4 ,:at a mon/r\s lie ! :ole sy/em mu/ seem to !m if !y are ev] l$ to ?9k ab\t x at all4 ,i am f> f suppos+ t ! in/ance ,i h giv5 %\ld be tak5 z repres5t+ ! /ate ( religi\s in/ruction on plantations g5]ally4 ,no d\bt !re are good prie/s :o improve & in/ruct _! black p>i%ion]s2 b x does n foll[ because religi\s s]vices are provid$ on a plantation1 ! c]emony ( m>riage obs]v$1 c41 t !re is any?+ :i* des]ves ! "n ( religi\s in/ruction4 ,x w\ld be unju/ n to add ! bett] side ( ! "q 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance4 ,! man 0 free1 & ,i 0 told t ! woman receiv$ h] lib]ty & a piece ( l& f h] ma/] z h] m>riage d[]4 ,we arriv$ at ,macei ?is morn+1 & w5t on %ore ) ,mr4 ,s9imbu1 :o leaves u "h1 & ) ^: family we pass$ a delightful day1 welcom$ ) t he>ty cordiality s *>act]i/ic ( ,brazilians 9 _! own homes4 ,al?\gh our /ay 0 s %ort1 a consid]able addition 0 made "h to ! collections4 ,on arriv+ at any port ! p>ty disp]ses at once1 ! "y m5 go+ 9 diff]5t directions to collect1 ,mr4 ,b\rget hurry+ to ! fi%-m>ket to see :at may be f\nd !re ( int]e/1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz & ,mr4 ,c\t9ho g5]ally mak+ a geological excursion4 ,9 ?is way1 ?\gh ! /eam] rema9s b a few h\rs at ea* /ation1 ! "t is n lo/4 ,july #ca/4--,p]nambuco4 ,arriv$ to-day (f ,p]nambuco1 & 7 too happy1 aft] a /ormy night1 to f9d ourselves beh9d ! fam\s reef :i* makes su* a quiet h>bor at ?is port4 ,our c\ntryman1 ,mr4 ,hit*1 met u on l&+1 & drove u at once out to 8 8*ac>a10 7c\ntry place17 :]e x 0 delightful to be welcom$1 l old fri5ds1 to an ,am]ican home4#dc ,p]nambuco is by no means s picturesque z ,bahia or ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,x has a m mod]n air ?an ei!r ( ^!1 b looks also m cleanly & m prosp]\s4 ,_m ( ! /reets are wide1 & ! riv] runn+ ?r\gh ! bus9ess "p ( ! city1 cross$ by broad1 h&some bridges1 is itself sugge/ive ( fre%ness4 ,! c\ntry is m op5 & flat ?an f>!r s\?4 ,9 our aft]noon drive "s ( ! views across wide1 level mead[s1 if we c\ld h put elms "h & !re 9 ! place ( palms1 w\ld h rem9d$ u ( sc5]y at home4 ,augu/ #b;d4--,ye/]day we left ,p]nambuco1 & ?is morn+ f\nd ourselves at ! m\? ( ! ,p>ahyba d ,norte1 a broad1 beautiful riv]1 up :i* we /eam$ to )9 a few miles ( ! little t[n be>+ ! same "n4 ,"h we took a boat & r[$ to ! city1 :]e we sp5t "s h\rs 9 rambl+ ab\t1 collect+ specim5s1 exam9+ drift =mations1 c4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our excursion we fell 9 ) "s fri5ds ( ,major ,c\t9ho's1 :o took u home ) !m to an excell5t breakfa/ ( fre% fi%1 ) bread1 c(fee1 & w9e4 ,! bread is to be notic$ "h1 = x is said to be ! be/ 9 ,brazil4 ,! fl\r is ! same z else:]e1 & ! p g5]ally attribute ! sup]iority ( _! bread to "s quality ( ! wat]4 ,:atev] be ! cause1 !re is no bread 9 all ,brazil s sweet1 s light1 & s :ite z t ( ,p>ahyba d ,norte4 ,augu/ #e?4--,we arriv$ ye/]day at ,ce>1 :]e we 7 w>mly welcom$ & mo/ hospitably ent]ta9$ at ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,m5des1 an old acqua9tance ( ,major ,c\t9ho4 ,x 0 bl[+ h>d & ra9+ :5 we left ! /eam]2 our boat put into ! bea* 9 a heavy surf1 & ,i 0 wond]+ h[ ,i %\ld rea* ! %ore1 :5 two ( our negro r[]s jump$ into ! wat]1 &1 /&+ at ! side ( ! boat beh9d me1 motion$ me to come1 cross+ _! arms basket-fa%ion1 z we d sometimes to c>ry *ildr54 ,!y look$ z if x 7 ! ord9>y mode ( conveyance1 s ,i seat$ myself1 & ) "o arm ar\nd ! neck ( ea* ( my black be>]s1 !y laugh+ z he>tily z ,i did1 ,i 0 l&$ triumphantly on ! s&s4 ,aft] ! fir/ greet+s at ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,m5des 7 ov]1 we 7 (f]$ ! luxury ( a ba? be=e breakfa/4 ,! ba? is a v important feature 9 a ,brazilian h\sehold4 ,?is "o 0 ( ! size ( a small room1 ! wat] 7ab\t two feet deep & ( a delici\s1 s(t1 velvety "*7 con/antly fl[+ ?r\gh ov] ! smoo? s& floor4 ,!y are (t5 l>g] ?an ?is1 f f\r to five feet deep1 & sometimes l9$ ) blue & :ite tiles1 :i* make a v clean & pretty floor4 ,x is a great luxury 9 ?is w>m climate1 & _m p]sons ba! sev]al times a day4 ,! ba?h\se is usually 9 ! g>d51 at a conv5i5t di/ance f ! h\se1 b n imm$iately adjo9+ x4 ,! ba? 0 foll[$ by an excell5t breakfa/1 aft] :i* we drove ?r\gh ! city4 ,ce> is a wond]fully progressive t[n = ,brazil4 ,five ye>s ago x _h n a pav$ /reet2 n[ all ! /reets are well pav$1 ) good sidewalks1 & ! city is v c>efully laid out1 ) a view to its future gr[?4#dd ,to-day we are aga9 coa/+ along )9 sight ( l&1 ) a quiet sea & a delici\s breeze4 ,! ocean is cov]$ ) :ite caps1 & ( a v peculi> gre5i%1 aquam>9e t9t1 ! same :i* ,i obs]v$ z soon z we rea*$ ^! latitudes 9 com+ out4 ,?is s+ul> color is said to be ow+ to ! nature ( ! sea bottom & ! %all[ness ( ! wat]1 comb9$1 f>!r nor?1 ) ! admixture ( fre% wat] along ! coa/4 ,augu/ #f?4--,arriv$ e>ly ?is morn+ be=e ,m>anham1 & w5t on %ore to breakfa/ at ! hotel2 =1 wond]ful to relate1 ,m>anham possesses a hotel1 a great r>ity 9 _m ,brazilian t[ns4 ,we pass$ ! great] "p ( ! day 9 driv+ ab\t ! city ) ,dr4 ,braga1 :o k9dly und]took to %[ u ev]y?+ ( int]e/4#de ,! t[n & h>bor are v pretty1 ! city itself /&+ on an isl&1 =m$ by two bays runn+ up on ei!r side & enclos+ x4 ,! surr\nd+ c\ntry is flat & v ?ickly wood$1 ?\gh ! woods are r l[4 ,"h1 at ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,braga's bro!r-9-law1 we saw1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! sl5d]1 graceful ,assai palm1 f :i* ! dr9k is made s mu* appreciat$ 9 ,p> & on ! ,l[] ,amazons4 ,x is curi\s to see ! negroes g up ! tree to ga!r ! fruit4 ,! trunk is p]fectly smoo?1 ! fruit gr[+ 9 a heavy clu/] ( b]ries1 j bel[ ! cr[n ( leaves on its summit4 ,! negro fa/5s a cord or a /rip ( palm-leaf ar\nd 8 in/eps1 ?us b9d+ 8 feet toge!r t !y may n slide ap>t on ! smoo? /em1 & by means ( ?is k9d ( /irrup he contrives to cl+ to ! slipp]y trunk & scramble up4 ,we 7 mu* int]e/$ 9 see+ "h an admirably well conduct$ in/itution = ! education ( poor orphans4 ,its *ief aim is to educate !m1 n z s*ol>s1 ?\gh !y receive elem5t>y in/ruction 9 read+1 writ+1 & ciph]+1 b to tea* !m a v>iety ( occupations by :i* !y c e>n an hone/ livelihood4 ,!y are tra9$ 9 sev]al trades1 are taught to play on a numb] ( in/rum5ts1 & !re is also a s*ool ( design connect$ ) ! e/abli%m5t4 ,a faultless ord] & scrupul\s neatness prevail$ ?r\gh ! :ole build+1 :i* 0 n ! result ( an exceptional prep>ation1 s9ce our visit 0 :olly unexpect$4 ,?is surpris$ u ! m1 because1 not)/&+ _! fondness = ba?+1 ord] & neatness 9 _! h\ses are n a virtue among ! ,brazilians4 ,?is may be ow+ to slave labor1--r>ely any?+ bett] ?an eye-s]vice4 ,! l>ge dormitories look$ fre% & airy1 ) ! hammocks roll$ up & laid on a %elf1 ea* "o above ! peg to :i* x belong$2 ! %oes 7 hung on nails along ! walls1 & ! little trunks1 hold+ ! clo?+ ( ea* s*ol>1 7 neatly arrang$ b5ea? !m4 ,on ! upp] /ory 0 ! hospital1 a l>ge1 well-v5tilat$ room1 ) num]\s w9d[s comm&+ beautiful views1 & a cool breeze bl[+ ?r\gh x4 ,"h 7 cots in/ead ( hammocks1 b ,i ?\ght ! sick boys might pref] ! sw++1 cradle-l b$s to :i* !y 7 accu/om$1 & :i* !y evid5tly f9d v com=table4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,agassiz rem>k$1 z we pass$ ?r\gh ! dormitory1 t sleep+ 9 a hammock 0 an exp]i5ce he _h yet to make1 "o ( ! boys took 8 d[n f ! %elf1 &1 hang+ x up1 laugh+ly ?rew himself into x1 ) a lazy ease :i* look$ q enviable4 ,! kit*5 & groc]y rooms 7 z neat z ! re/ ( ! h\se1 & ! simplicity ( ! :ole e/abli%m5t1 :ile x admitt$ ev]y?+ necess>y = com=t & heal?1 0 well adapt$ = its objects4 ,a pretty little *apel adjo9$ ! h\se1 & ! h\se itself 0 built ar\nd an op5 squ>e plant$ ) trees1--a pleasant playgr\nd = ! boys1 :o h _! music !re 9 ! ev5+4 ,on our return to t[n we he>d t1 ow+ to ! breakage ( "s "p ( ! ma*9]y1 ! /eam] w\ld be deta9$ 9 ?is port = a c\ple ( days4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 return$ to our qu>t]s on bo>d1 pref]r+ to sp5d ! night on ! wat] r ?an 9 ! hot1 close t[n4 ,augu/ #g?4--,to-day we h all be5 int]e/$ 9 wat*+ ! beautiful ,m$us swept along by ! tide1 s close to ! side ( ! /eam] t !y c\ld easily be rea*$ f ! /airway4 ,we h n[ q a numb] dispos$ ab\t ! deck 9 buckets & bas9s1 & ,mr4 ,burkh>dt is mak+ color$ sket*es ( !m4 ,!y are v beautiful1 & q new to ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,9 "s ! disk has a br[n trac]y l seawe$ ov] x1 :ile its edge is deeply lob$1 e lobe be+ t+$ ) an int5sely brilliant d>k blue2 ! lobes are divid$ into eight sets ( f\r ea*1 mak+ ?irty-two 9 all1 & an eye is plac$ on ! m>g9 betwe5 ea* set2 ! tubes runn+ to ! eyes are mu* l>g] ?an ^? 9 ! int]vals betwe51 & ! network ( vessels on ! m>g9 is wond]fully f9e & delicate2 ! curta9s hang+ f ! m\? are :ite & closely fr+$ ) full fl\nces1 some:at l our ,aurelia4 ,! movem5t is quick1 ! m>g9 ( ! disk beat+ ) %ort1 rapid pants4 ,ano!r is altoge!r br[n & :ite1 ! seawe$-l patt]n be+ c>ri$ d[n to ! edge ( ! lobes1 & ! lobes !mselves be+ m delicate ?an ^? ( ! blue-edg$ "o1 ! disk ?9n+ out greatly t[>ds ! p]iph]y4 ,! br[n m>ks are1 h[ev]1 d>k]1 m di/9ct1 & cov] a l>g] space 9 "s specim5s ?an 9 o!rs4 ,?is is also true ( ^? ) ! blue m>g91 ! br[n patt]n cov]+ ! :ole disk 9 "s1 conf9$ to a simple zone ar\nd ! disk 9 o!rs1 & ev5 entirely abs5t occasionally4 ,mr4 ,agassiz incl9es to ?9k1 f ! simil>ity ( _! o!r features1 h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ _! diff]5ce ( color1 !y all belong to ! same species1 ! v>iety 9 coloration be+ probably connect$ ) diff]5ce ( sex4 ,he has1 at any rate1 asc]ta9$ t all ! :olly br[n specim5s caught to-day are males4 ,we 7 rejoic$ ?is morn+ by ! sight ( our own flag com+ into h>bor4 ,we pres5tly f\nd t ! %ip 0 ! gunboat ,nipsic4 ,%e _h sail$ f ,bo/on on ! #d? ( ,july1 & br\ght pap]s ( a lat] date ?an any we h se54 ,! (fic]s 7 k9d en\gh to s5d u a l>ge bundle ( pap]s1 :i* we h be5 eag]ly dev\r+4 ,augu/ #h?4--,ano!r q new & beautiful ,m$usa to-day4 ,z we 7 wait+ = breakfa/ ?is morn+ a numb] float$ pa/1 s d>k 9 color t 9 ! wat] !y appe>$ almo/ black4 ,two ( our p>ty took a boat & w5t 9 se>* ( !m1 b ! tide 0 s swift t !y swept pa/ l lightn+1 & "o _h h>dly "t to po9t !m out be=e !y 7 gone aga94 ,h[ev]1 aft] _m ef=ts1 we succe$$ 9 gett+ "o1 ^: portrait ,mr4 ,burkh>dt is n[ tak+4 ,! disk is ( a *ocolate-br[n1 %ad+ into a d>k]1 m velvety hue t[>d ! edge1 :i* is slightly scallop$1 b n cut up into deep lobes l ^? ( ye/]day4 ,! eyes1 eight 9 numb]1 are di/9ctly visible z light]-color$ specks on ! m>g94 ,! app5dages hang+ f ! m\? are m solid & n s ?ickly fr+$ z 9 ^? ( ye/]day4 ,x moves r sl[ly 9 its glass prison1 ! broad m>g9 %ad+ f light] br[n to a s(t *ocolate color almo/ v]g+ on black1 z x flaps up & d[n some:at languidly1 b /ill ) a regul>1 /eady pulsation4#df ,augu/ #i?4--,we pass$ ye/]day aft]noon ) ! ,braga family 9 t[n4 ,! wea!r 0 *>m+1 a cool breeze bl[+ ?r\gh ! v]&a :]e we d9$4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( gue/s to meet u1 & we _h aga9 cause to ackn[l$ge h[ completely ! /rang] is made to feel himself at home among ^! hospitable p4 ,we sail$ ?is morn+1 ,mr4 ,agassiz tak+ ) him a valuable collection1 ?\gh our "t 0 s %ort4 ,! fact is1 t1 n only "h1 b at e t[n :]e we h /opp$ 9 com+ up ! coa/1 ! ready1 cordial desire ( ! p to help 9 ! "w has enabl$ him to get toge!r collections :i* x w\ld o!rwise h be5 impossible to make 9 s %ort a "t4 ,if he is unexpect$ly successful 9 ?is exp$ition1 x is z mu* ow+ to ! active sympa?y ( ! ,brazilians !mselves1 & to _! int]e/ 9 ! objects he has s mu* at he>t1 z to ! ef=ts ( himself & 8 companions4 ,augu/ #aa?4--,p>4 ,e>ly ye/]day morn+1 a few yell[i% pat*es /a9+ ! ocean "h & !re gave u our fir/ glimpse ( ! wat] ( ! ,amazons4 ,pres5tly ! pat*es became broad /reaks1 ! fre% wat]s encroa*+ gradually ^u ! sea1 until1 at ab\t t5 o'clock1 we fairly ent]$ ! m\? ( ! riv]1 ?\gh1 z ! %ores are "s hundr$ & fifty miles ap>t1 we might h believ$ ourselves on ! broad ocean4 ,z we ne>$ ! city1 ! num]\s isl&s clos+ up ab\t ,p> & %elt]+ its h>bor limit$ ! view & broke ! enorm\s expanse ( ! fre%-wat] bas94 ,we an*or$ (f ! city at ab\t ?ree o'clock1 b a heavy ?und]%[]1 ) viol5t ra91 prev5t$ u f go+ on %ore till ! next morn+4 ,none ( ! p>ty l&$ except ,major ,c\t9ho4 ,he w5t to ann\nce our arrival to 8 fri5d1 ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 :o has k9dly invit$ u to make 8 h\se our home :ile we /ay 9 ,p>4 ,! next morn+ 0 beautiful aft] ! ra91 & at sev5 o'clock two boats 7 s5t to take u & our effects on %ore4 ,on l&+ we w5t at once to ,mr4 ,pim5ta's l>ge bus9ess e/abli%m5t ne> ! :>ves4 ,"h he has provid$ sev]al excell5t work+-rooms to s]ve z laboratories & /orage-places = ! specim5s1 & besides ^! a numb] ( airy1 cool *amb]s on ! floor above1 = ! accommodation ( our companions1 :o h already slung _! hammocks1 arrang$ _! effects1 & are keep+ a k9d ( ba*elor's hall4 ,hav+ dispos$ ( ! sci5tific app>atus1 we drove out to ,mr4 ,pim5ta's 8*ac>a10 "s two miles out ( t[n1 on ! ,rua de ,naz>e?1 :]e we 7 receiv$ ) ! utmo/ k9dness4 ,mr4 ,agassiz & ,major ,c\t9ho soon return$ to t[n1 :]e no "t is to be lo/ 9 beg9n+ "w at ! laboratory4 ,i rema9$ at home & pass$ a pleasant morn+ ) ! ladies ( ! family1 :o made me acqua9t$ ) ! peculi> bev]age s fam\s 9 ^! regions1 prep>$ f ! b]ries ( ! ,assai palm4 ,!y are ab\t ! size ( cranb]ries1 & ( a d>k-br[n color4 ,be+ boil$ & cru%$ !y yield a quantity ( juice1 :i* :5 /ra9$ has ab\t ! consi/5cy ( *ocolate1 & is ( a d>k purpli% t9t l blackb]ry juice4 ,x has a sweeti% ta/e1 & is v nice eat5 ) sug> & ! crisp 8f>9ha d'agua10 a k9d ( co>se fl\r made f ! m&ioca root4 ,p ( all classes ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce ( ,p> are exce$+ly fond ( ?is bev]age1 & 9 ! city !y h a prov]b :i* runs ?us3-- 8,:o visits ,p> is glad to /ay1 ,:o dr9ks ,assai goes nev] away40 ,augu/ #ab?4--,?is morn+ we rose e>ly & walk$ into t[n4 ,great pa9s h be5 tak5 ) ! environs ( ,p>1 & ! ,rua de ,naz>e? is "o ( ! broad /reets lead+ into ! c\ntry1 & plant$ ) l>ge trees 7*iefly mangueiras7 = two or ?ree miles out ( t[n4 ,on our way we saw a l(ty palm-tree completely ov]p[]$ & /ifl$ 9 ! embrace ( an enorm\s p>asite4 ,s luxuriant is ! gr[? ( ! latt] t y d n p]ceive1 till x is po9t$ out to y1 t its spread+ bran*es & ?ick foliage completely hide ! tree f :i* x d]ives its life2 only f ! extreme summit a few fan-l palm-leaves %oot upw>ds z if try+ to escape into ! air & light4 ,! palm _c long survive1 h[ev]1 & ) its dea? x seals ! doom ( its murd]] also4 ,!re is ano!r evid5ce1 & a m pleas+ "o1 ( ! luxuriance ( nature on ?is same road4 ,! skeleton ( a h\se /&s by ! wayside2 :e!r a ru9 or unf9i%$1 ,i am unable to say1 b at all ev5ts only ! walls are /&+1 ) ! op5+s = doors & w9d[s4 ,nature has complet$ ?is imp]fect dwell+2--%e has cov]$ x ov] ) a gre5 ro(1 %e has plant$ ! empty enclosure ) a g>d5 ( h] own *oos+1 %e has tra9$ v9es ar\nd ! op5 doors & w9d[s2 & ! des]t$ h\se1 if x has no o!r inmates1 is at lea/ a home = ! birds4 ,x makes a v pretty picture4 ,i nev] pass x )\t wi%+ = a sket* ( x4 ,on our arrival 9 t[n we w5t at once to ! m>ket4 ,x is v ne> ! wat]1 & we 7 mu* amus$ 9 wat*+ ! ,indian canoes at ! l&+4 ,! 8mont>ia10 z ! ,indian calls 8 canoe1 is a long1 n>r[ boat1 cov]$ at "o end ) a ?at*$ ro(1 "u :i* is ! liv+-room ( ! family4 ,"h ! ,indian has 8 home2 wife & *ildr51 hammock1 cook+ ut5sils1--all 8 h\sehold goods1 9 fact4 ,9 "s ( ! boats ! wom5 7 prep>+ breakfa/1 cook+ ! c(fee or ! tapioca ov] a pan ( coals4 ,9 o!rs !y 7 sell+ ! co>se pott]y1 :i* !y make into all k9ds ( ut5sils1 sometimes ( q graceful1 pretty =ms4 ,we aft]w>ds w5t ?r\gh ! m>ket4 ,x is q l>ge & neatly kept2 b ! ,brazilian m>kets are only good z comp>$ ) ea* o!r4 ,! meats are g5]ally poor2 !re is little game to be se52 !y h no v>iety ( vegetables1 :i* might be s easily cultivat$ "h1 & ev5 ! display ( fruit 9 ! m>ket is by no means :at "o w\ld expect x to be4 ,to-night ,mr4 ,agassiz goes (f ) a p>ty ( g5tlem5 on an excursion to "s ( ! isl&s 9 ! h>bor4 ,?is fir/ exp$ition 9 ! neighborhood ( ,p>1 f :i* ! ,pr(essor promises himself mu* pleasure1 is plann$ by ,dr4 ,c\to de ,magalhas1 ,presid5t ( ! ,prov9ce4#dg ,augu/ #ad?4--,we are v agreeably surpris$ 9 ! climate "h4 ,i _h expect$ f ! mom5t ( our arrival 9 ! region ( ! ,amazons to be gasp+ 9 a fi]ce1 un9t]mitt+1 intol]able heat4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! morn+s are fre%2 a walk or ride betwe5 six & eight o'clock is always delightful2 & ?\gh dur+ ! middle ( ! day ! heat is c]ta9ly v great1 x cools (f aga9 t[>ds f\r o'clock2 ! ev5+s are delightful1 & ! nights always com=table4 ,ev5 9 ! hotte/ "p ( ! day ! heat is n dead2 !re is always a breeze /irr+4 ,mr4 ,agassiz return$ ?is aft]noon f 8 excursion 9 ! h>bor1 m deeply impress$ ?an ev] ) ! gr&eur ( ?is entrance to ! ,amazons & ! beauty ( its _m isl&s1 8,an ar*ipelago ( isl&s10 z he says1 89 an ocean ( fre% wat]40 ,he describes ! mode ( fi%+ ( ! ,indians z curi\s4 ,!y r[ v s(tly up ! creek1 hav+ fir/ fa/5$ ! se9e across f %ore to %ore at a l[] po9t1 & :5 !y h ga9$ a c]ta9 di/ance above x1 !y spr+ into ! wat] ) a great pla% & ru% d[n ! creek 9 a l9e1 driv+ ! fi% be=e !m into ! net4 ,"o draught alone fill$ ! boat half full ( fi%4 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 especially int]e/$ 9 see+ alive = ! fir/ "t ! curi\s fi% call$ 8,tralhote0 by ! ,indians1 & kn[n to naturali/s z ! ,anableps tetroph?almus4 ,?is "n1 signify+ 8f\r-ey$10 is d]iv$ f ! s+ul> /ructure ( ! eye4 ,a membran\s fold enclos+ ! bulb ( ! eye /ret*es across ! pupil1 divid+ ! visual app>atus into an upp] & l[] half4 ,no d\bt ?is =mation is int5d$ to suit ! peculi> habits ( ! ,anableps4 ,^! fi%es ga!r 9 %oals on ! surface ( ! wat]1 _! heads re/+ p>tly above1 p>tly bel[ ! surface1 & !y move by a leap+ motion some:at l t ( frogs on l&4 ,?us1 half 9 air1 half 9 wat]1 !y require eyes adapt$ = see+ 9 bo? elem5ts1 & ! arrangem5t describ$ above j meets ?is want4 ,augu/ #ai?4--,to-night at t5 o'clock we g on bo>d ! /eam]1 & be=e dawn %all be on our way up ! riv]4 ,?is has be5 a delici\s week ( re/ & refre%m5t to me4 ,! quiet c\ntry life1 ) morn+ walks 9 ! fre%1 fragrant lanes & roads imm$iately ab\t u1 has be5 v soo?+ aft] f\r mon?s ( travel or ( noisy hotel life4 ,! o!r day z we 7 go+ into t[n we f\nd 9 ! wet grass by ! roadside "o ( ! mo/ beautiful mu%rooms ,i h ev] se54 ,! /em 0 pure :ite1 ?ree or f\r in*es 9 height1 & ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]1 surm\nt$ by a club-%ap$ head1 br[n 9 color1 ) a blunt po9t1 & f ! base ( ?is head 0 susp5d$ an op5 :ite net ( exquisitely delicate texture1 fall+ to )9 ab\t an in* ( ! gr\nd2 a fairy web t look$ fit = ,que5 ,mab h]self4#dh ,! week1 s peaceful = me1 has be5 "o1 if n ( re/1 at lea/ ( int5se int]e/ = ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,! v day ( 8 arrival1 by ! k9dness ( our ho/1 8 work+-rooms 7 s arrang$ z to make an admirable laboratory1 &1 f ! h\r he ent]$ !m1 specim5s h p\r$ 9 ^u him f all qu>t]s4 ,8 own p>ty make b a small "p ( ! sci5tific corps :o h work$ = & ) him "h4 ,9 ,p> alone he has already m ?an fifty new species ( fre%-wat] fi%es2 en\gh to reveal unexpect$ & novel relations 9 ! f9ny _w1 & to give ! basis ( an improv$ classification4 ,he is f> f attribut+ ?is great success :olly to 8 own ef=ts4 ,ready z he is to "w1 he c\ld n accompli% half t he does1 except = ! active good-w ( ^? ab\t him4 ,among ! mo/ valuable ( ^! contributions is a collection made by ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 ( ! s-call$ fi%es ( ! =e/4 ,:5 ! wat]s ov]fl[ aft] ! ra9y season & fill ! =e/ = a consid]able di/ance on ei!r side1 ^! fi% hov] ov] ! depressions & holl[s1 & z ! wat]s subside are left 9 ! pools & *annels4 ,!y d n occur 9 ! op5 riv]1 b are always f\nd 9 ^! =e/ retreats1 & g by ! "n ( ! 8,peixe d ,mato40 ,mr4 ,agassiz has n only to ackn[l$ge ! untir+ k9dness ( individuals "h1 b also ! cordial expression ( sympa?y f public bodies 9 ! objects ( ! exp$ition4 ,a committee f ! municipality ( ! city has wait$ ^u him to express ! g5]al satisfaction 9 ! und]tak+1 & he has receiv$ a public demon/ration ( ! same k9d f ! college4 ,! bi%op ( ! prov9ce & 8 coadjutor h also be5 mo/ cordial 9 (f]s ( assi/ance4 ,nor does ! int]e/ ?us express$ evaporate 9 empty words4 ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o is director ( ! ,brazilian l9e ( /eam]s f ,p> to ,tabat+a4#di ,! trip to ,manaos1 at ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,negro1 is g5]ally made 9 five days1 all[+ only = /oppages ( an h\r or two at diff]5t /ations1 to take or leave pass5g]s & to deposit or receive m]*&ise4 ,9 ord] t we may be p]fectly indep5d5t1 h[ev]1 & /op :]ev] x seems desirable to make collections1 ! company places at our disposition a /eam] = "o mon? betwe5 ,p> & ,manaos4 ,!re are to be no pass5g]s b ourselves1 & ! /eam] is provid$ ) ev]y?+ necess>y = ! :ole company dur+ t p]iod1--food1 s]vice1 c4 ,i ?9k x may fairly be said t 9 no "p ( ! _w c\ld a private sci5tific und]tak+ be greet$ ) m cordiality or receive a m lib]al hospitality ?an has be5 accord$ to ! pres5t exp$ition4 ,i dwell ^u ^! ?+s & recur to !m (t51 n 9 any _s ( egotism1 b because x is due to ! "* ( ! p f :om !y come to make ! fulle/ ackn[l$gm5t ( _! g5]osity4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 busy ) ! zological collections1 ,major ,c\t9ho has be5 no less s 9 mak+ geological1 meteorological1 & hydrographic inve/igations4 ,8 regul> co-op]ation is invaluable1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz blesses ! day :5 _! *ance meet+ at ! ,palace sugge/$ ! idea ( 8 jo9+ ! exp$ition4 ,n only 8 sci5tific atta9m5ts1 b 8 k ( ! ,indian language 7l+ua g]al71 & 8 famili>ity ) ! p1 make him a mo/ important coadjutor4 ,) 8 aid ,mr4 ,agassiz has already op5$ a sort ( sci5tific log-book1 9 :i*1 by ! side ( ! sci5tific "n ( e specim5 ent]$ by ! ,pr(essor1 ,major ,c\t9ho records its popul> local "n1 obta9$ f ! ,indians1 ) all !y c tell ( its haunts & habits4 ,i h said no?+ ( ,mr4 ,agassiz's obs]vations on ! "* ( ! soil s9ce we left ,rio1 ?9k+ x be/ to give !m z a :ole4 ,along ! entire l5g? ( ! coa/ he has foll[$ ! drift1 exam9+ x c>efully at e /ation4 ,at ,bahia x conta9$ few] l>ge b\ld]s ?an 9 ,rio1 b 0 full ( small pebbles1 & re/$ ^u undecompos$ /ratifi$ rock4 ,at ,macei1 ! capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,alagz1 x 0 ! same1 b re/+ ^u decompos$ rock1 z at ,tijuca4 ,bel[ ?is 0 a b$ ( /ratifi$ clay1 conta9+ small pebbles4 ,9 ,p]nambuco1 on our drive to ! great aqu$uct1 we foll[$ x = ! :ole way2 ! same r$ clayey homog5e\s pa/e1 re/+ !re on decompos$ rock4 ,! l9e ( contact at ,monteiro1 ! aqu$uct /ation1 0 v cle>ly m>k$1 h[ev]1 by an int]v5+ b$ ( pebbles4 ,at ,p>ahyba d ,norte ! same %eet ( drift1 b conta9+ m & l>g] pebbles1 re/s above a decompos$ s&/one some:at resembl+ ! decompos$ rock ( ,p]nambuco4 ,9 ! undecompos$ rock bel[1 ,mr4 ,agassiz f\nd "s fossil %ells4 ,9 ! neighborhood ( ,cape ,/4 ,roque we came ^u s&-dunes resembl+ ^? ( ,cape ,cod1 & :]ev] we sail$ ne> en\gh to ! %ore to see ! banks di/9ctly1 z 0 frequ5tly ! case1 ! b$ ( drift bel[ ! %ift+ sup]ficial s&s above 0 di/9ctly noticeable4 ,! diff]5ce 9 color betwe5 ! :ite s& & ! r$di% soil b5ea? made x easy to p]ceive _! relations4 ,at ,ce>1 :]e we l&$1 ,mr4 ,agassiz _h an opportunity ( satisfy+ himself ( ?is by clos] exam9ation4 ,at ,m>anham ! drift is ev]y:]e conspicu\s1 & at ,p> equally s4 ,?is %eet ( drift :i* he has ?us foll[$ f ,rio de ,janeiro to ! m\? ( ! ,amazons is ev]y:]e ( ! same geological con/itution4 ,x is always a homog5e\s clayey pa/e ( a r$di% color1 conta9+ qu>tz pebbles2 &1 :atev] be ! "* ( ! rock 9 place1 :e!r granite1 s&/one1 gneiss1 or lime1 ! "* ( ! drift nev] *anges or p>takes ( t ( ! rocks ) :i* x is 9 contact4 ,?is c]ta9ly proves t1 :atev] be its orig91 x _c be ref]r$ to ! localities :]e x is n[ f\nd1 b mu/ h be5 br\ght f a di/ance4 ,:oev] %all track x back to ! place :]e ?is peculi> r$ soil ) its con/itu5t elem5ts =ms ! primitive rock1 w h solv$ ! problem4 ,i introduce "h a lett] writt5 by ,mr4 ,agassiz1 a few days lat]1 to ! ,emp]or1 :i* w bett] give 8 views on ! subject4 ,a ,,bord ,,de ,l',,icamiaba1 ,,sur ,l',,amazone1 le #bj ,a\t1 #ahfe4 ,,sire3--,p]mettez moi de r5dre un compte rapide ,votre ,maje/1 de ce que j'ai obs]v de plus intressant depuis mon d"p de ,rio4 ,la premire *ose qui m'a frapp en arrivant ,bahia1 ce fut d'y tr\v] le t]ra9 erratique1 comme la ,tijuca et comme dans la p>tie mridionale de ,m9as1 que j'ai visite4 ,ici comme l1 ce t]ra91 d'une con/itution id5tique1 repose sur les ro*es en place les plus div]sifies4 ,je l'ai retr\v de mme ,maceio1 ,p]nambuco1 ,p>ahyba d ,norte1 ,ce>1 ,m>anham1 et au ,p>4 ,voil donc un fait tabli sur la plus gr&e *elle6 ,cela dmontre que les matriaux sup]ficiels1 que l'on p\rrait dsign] du nom de drift1 ici comme dans le ,nord de l',europe et de l',amrique1 ne saurai5t tre le rsultat de la dcomposition des ro*es s\s-jac5tes1 puisque celles-ci sont tantt du granit1 tantt du gneiss1 tantt du s*i/e micac ou talqueux1 tantt du grs1 t&is que le drift (fre p>t\t la mme composition4 ,je n'en suis pas mo9s aussi loign que jamais de p\voir signal] l'orig9e de ces matriaux et la direction de leur transport4 ,auj\rd'hui que le ,major ,c\t9ho a appris di/+u] le drift des ro*es dcomposes1 il m'assure que n\s le retr\v]ons dans t\te la valle de l',amazne4 ,l'imag9ation la plus h>die recule devant t\te espce de gnralisation ce sujet4 ,et p\rtant1 il faudra bi5 en v5ir se famili>is] avec l'ide que la cause qui a disp]s ces matriaux1 quelle qu'elle soit1 a agi sur la plus gr&e *elle1 puisqu'on les retr\v]a probablem5t sur t\t le cont95t4 ,dj j'appr5ds que mes jeunes compagnons de voyage ont obs]v le drift dans les environs de ,b>bac5a et d',ouro-,preto et dans la valle du ,rio das ,velhas4 ,mes rsultats zoologiques ne sont pas mo9s satisfaisants2 et p\r ne p>l] que des poissons1 j'ai tr\v ,p> seulem5t1 p5dant une sema9e1 plus d'espces qu'on n'en a dcrit jusqu' prs5t de t\t le bass9 de l',amazne2 c4 4 d4 en t\t soixante-trois4 ,cette tude s]a1 je crois1 utile l'i*?yologie1 c> j'ai dj pu di/+u] c9q familles n\velles et dix-huit g5res n\veaux et les espces 9dites ne s'lv5t pas mo9s de qu>ante-neuf4 ,c'e/ une g>antie que je f]ai encore une ri*e moisson1 lorsque j'entr]ai dans le doma9e de l',amazne proprem5t dit2 c> je n'ai encore vu qu'un dixime des espces fluviatiles que l'on connait de ce bass9 et les quelques espces m>9es qui remont5t jusqu'au ,p>4 ,malheureusem5t ,m4 ,burkh>dt e/ malade et je n'ai encore pu faire pe9dre que quatre des espces n\velles que je me suis procures1 et puis prs de la moiti n'ont t prises qu'en exemplaires uniques4 ,il faut absolum5t qu' mon ret\r je fasse un plus long sj\r au ,p> p\r remplir ces lacunes4 ,je suis dans le ravissem5t de la nature gr&iose que j'ai s\s les yeux4 ,votre ,maje/ rgne sans contr$it sur le plus bel empire du monde et t\tes p]sonelles que soi5t les att5tions que je reois p>t\t o je m'arrte1 je ne puis m'emp*] de croire que n'tait le c>actre gnreux et hospitali] des ,brsili5s et l'intrt des classes suprieures p\r le progrs des sci5ces et de la civilisation1 je n'aurais po9t r5contr les facilits qui se press5t s\s mes pas4 ,c'e/ a9si que p\r me facilit] l'exploration du fleuve1 du ,p> ,manaos1 ,m4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 au lieu de m'a*em9] p> le /eam] rguli]1 a mis ma disposition1 p\r un mois ou six sema9es1 un des plus beaux bateaux de la compagnie1 o je suis in/al aussi commodm5t que dans mon ,muse ,cambridge4 ,m4 ,c\t9ho e/ ple9 d'att5tion et me r5d mon travail d\blem5t facile en le prp>ant l'avance p> t\s les r5seignem5ts possibles4 ,mais je ne veux pas abus] des loisirs de ,votre ,maje/ et je la prie de croire t\j\rs au dv\em5t le plus complet et l'affection la plus respectueuse ,de son trs humble et trs obissant s]viteur1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#ej ----- ,footnote #dc3 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 indebt$ to ,mr4 ,hit* = valuable additions to 8 collections1 & = _m acts ( k9dness 9 behalf ( ! exp$ition4 ,footnote #dd3 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ,i f\nd ready & will+ coadjutors among amateur collectors4 ,on my return f ! ,amazons1 _m mon?s lat]1 ,i f\nd collections made 9 my abs5ce by ,dr4 ,m5des & ,s5hor ,b>roso1 :o _h be5 our companions on bo>d ! /eam]4 ,at ,p>ahyba d ,norte ,i 0 indebt$ 9 ! same way to ,dr4 ,ju/a4 ,^! collections w af=d invaluable mat]ials = ! comp>ison ( ! ,coa/ ,faun4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #de3 ,at a lat] p]iod ,i ow$ to ,dr4 ,braga f> m ?an ! ord9>y c\rtesy ext5d$ to a /rang]4 ,i _h in=m$ him t ,mr4 ,/4 ,john1 !n foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco1 on 8 way to ! prov9ce ( ,piauhy1 w\ld arrive 9 ,m>anham at ! close ( 8 j\rney4 ,:5 he rea*$ t city he 0 v s]i\sly ill ) fev]4 ,dr4 ,braga took him into 8 h\se1 :]e he 0 att5d$ by him & 8 family z if he _h be5 "o ( _! k9dr$4 ,i h1 inde$1 little d\bt t my "y fri5d ow$ 8 recov]y to ! consid]ate c>e ) :i* he 0 treat$ "u _! k9dly ro(4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #df3 ,^! two ,m$us belong to ! ,rhizo/omid1 & ,i %all take an e>ly opportunity to publi% a description ( !m1 ) ! draw+s ( ,mr4 ,burkh>dt4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #dg3 ,to ,dr4 ,c\to de ,magalhas ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 indebt$ = unremitt+ att5tions dur+ our /ay 9 ! region ( ! ,amazons4 ,he nev] fail$ to facilitate ! success ( ! exp$ition by e means 9 8 p[]1 & ! l>ge collections made "u 8 directions dur+ our soj\rn ^u ! ,upp] ,amazons 7 among ! mo/ valuable contributions to its sci5tific results4 ,:5 he he>d t ,mr4 ,w>d1 "o ( our "y companions1 0 com+ d[n ! ,tocant9s1 he s5t a boat & boatm5 to meet him1 & on 8 arrival 9 ,p> receiv$ him 9 8 own h\se1 :]e he rema9$ 8 gue/ dur+ 8 /ay 9 ! city4 ,footnote #dh3 ,?is mu%room belongs to ! g5us ,phallus1 & seems to be an undescrib$ species4 ,i pres]v$ x 9 alcohol1 b 0 unable to h any draw+ made f x be=e its beauty & fre%ness 7 q gone4 ,9 ! e>ly morn+1 :ile ! grass 0 /ill damp1 we (t5 f\nd a peculi> snail1 a species ( ,bulimus1 creep+ by ! roadside4 ,! =m ( ! ant]ior "p ( ! foot 0 unlike t ( any species kn[n ?us f> f ?is gr\p4 ,su* facts %[ ! desirabl5ess ( mak+ draw+s f ! s(t p>ts ( ^! animals z well z f _! solid envelopes4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #di3 ,! ,presid5t ( ?is l9e is ! ,b>on de ,maz1 e/eem$ by 8 c\ntrym5 z a f9anci] ( great ability & a man ( r>e en]gy1 p]sev]ance1 & patriotism4 ,z he 0 9 ,europe dur+ ! ye> ( my visit to ,brazil1 ,i _h n ! pleasure ( a p]sonal acqua9tance ) him1 & ,i !re=e welcome ?is opportunity ( ?ank+ him = ! lib]ality %[n 9 all _! deal+s ) me by ! company ( :i* he is ! mov+ _s4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ej3 ,,on ,,bo>d ,,! ,,icamiaba1 ,,on ,,! ,,amazons1 ,augu/ #bj1 #ahfe4 ,,sire3--,all[ me to give y\r ,maje/y a rapid sket* ( ! mo/ int]e/+ facts obs]v$ by me s9ce leav+ ,rio4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* /ruck me on arriv+ at ,bahia 0 ! pres5ce ( ! erratic soil1 correspond+ to t ( ,tijuca & ! s\!rn "p ( ,m9as-,g]es1 :i* ,i h visit$4 ,"h1 z !re1 ?is soil1 id5tical 9 its con/itution1 re/s ^u rocks 9 place1 ( ! mo/ div]sifi$ "*4 ,i h f\nd x also at ,macei1 at ,p]nambuco1 at ,p>ahyba d ,norte1 at ,ce>1 at ,m>anham1 & at ,p>4 ,?is is a fact1 !n1 e/abli%$ on ! l>ge/ scale4 ,x %[s t ! sup]ficial mat]ials :i*1 "h z 9 ! ,nor? ( ,europe & ,am]ica1 may be designat$ z drift1 _c be ! result ( ! decomposition ( und]ly+ rocks1 s9ce ! latt] are sometimes granite1 sometimes gneiss1 sometimes mica or talcose slate1 sometimes s&/one1 :ile ! drift pres5ts ! same composition ev]y:]e4 ,i am z f> z ev] f be+ able to po9t out ! orig9 ( ^! mat]ials & ! direction ( _! transportation4 ,n[ t ,major ,c\t9ho has le>n$ to di/+ui% ! drift f ! decompos$ rocks1 he assures me t we %all f9d x ?r\gh\t ! valley ( ! ,amazons4 ,! bolde/ imag9ation %r9ks f any g5]alization on ?is subject1 & yet we mu/ gradually famili>ize ourselves ) ! idea t ! cause :i* has disp]s$ ^! mat]ials1 :atev] x be1 has act$ on ! l>ge/ scale1 s9ce !y are probably to be f\nd all ov] ! cont95t4 ,already ,i le>n t my "y travell+ companions h obs]v$ ! drift 9 ! environs ( ,b>bac5a & ,ouro-,preto1 & 9 ! valley ( ! ,rio das ,velhas4 ,my zological results are n less satisfactory2 & to speak ( ! fi%es alone1 ,i h f\nd at ,p> dur+ "o week m species ?an h z yet be5 describ$ f ! :ole bas9 ( ! ,amazons1--sixty-?ree 9 all4 ,?is /udy w be useful1 ,i hope1 to i*?yology1 = ,i h already succe$$ 9 di/+ui%+ five new families & eighte5 new g5]a1 :ile ! unpubli%$ species d n numb] less ?an =ty-n9e4 ,x is a gu>anty ( ! ri* h>ve/ ,i %all make :5 ,i ent] ^u ! doma9 ( ! ,amazons prop]ly s call$2 = ,i h se5 z yet b a t5? "p ( ! fluviatile species kn[n f ?is bas91 & "s ( ! m>9e species :i* come up to ,p>4 ,unhappily1 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt is ill1 & has be5 able to pa9t b f\r ( ! new species we h procur$2 & ( ne>ly half ! numb]1 only s+le specim5s h be5 secur$4 ,on my return ,i mu/ make a long] /ay 9 ,p> 9 ord] to fill ^! defici5cies4 ,i am en*ant$ ) ! gr&eur ( nature "h4 ,y\r ,maje/y c]ta9ly reigns ov] ! mo/ beautiful empire ( ! _w2 &1 p]sonal z are ! att5tions :i* ,i receive :]ev] ,i /op1 ,i _c b believe t1 7 x n = ! g5]\s & hospitable "* ( ! ,brazilians & ! int]e/ ( ! high] classes 9 ! progress ( sci5ce & civilization1 ,i %\ld n h met ) ! facilities :i* cr[d my pa?4 ,?us1 9 ord] to r5d] ! exploration ( ! riv] f ,p> to ,manaos m easy1 ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 in/ead ( all[+ me to take ! regul> /eam]1 has put at my disposition1 = a mon? or six weeks1 "o ( ! f9e/ boats ( ! company1 :]e ,i am in/all$ z conv5i5tly z 9 my ,museum at ,cambridge4 ,mr4 ,c\t9ho is full ( att5tion1 & r5d]s my "w d\bly light by procur+1 9 advance1 all ! in=mation possible4 ,b ,i w n fur!r abuse y\r ,maje/y's leisure1 only begg+ y to believe 9 ! complete devotion & respectful affection ( ,y\r humble & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,f ,,p> ,,to ,,manaos4 ,,fir/ ,,sunday ,,on ,,! ,,amazons4--,,geographical ,,"q4--,,conv5i5t ,,arrangem5ts ,,( ,,/eam]4--,,va/ ,,dim5sions ,,( ,,! ,,riv]4--,,aspect ,,( ,,%ores4--,,village ,,( ,,breves4--,,lett] ,,ab\t ,,collections4--,,vegetation4--,,v>iety ,,( ,,palms4--,,settlem5t ,,( ,,tajapur4--,,enorm\s ,,size ,,( ,,leaves ,,( ,,! ,,miriti ,,palm4--,,walk ,,on ,,%ore4--,,indian ,,h\ses4--,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,indians4--,,r[ ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,t[n ,,( ,,gurup4--,,riv] ,,x+u4--,,color ,,( ,,wat]4--,,t[n ,,( ,,porto ,,d ,,moz4--,,flat-,,topp$ ,,hills ,,( ,,almeyrim4--,,beautiful ,,sunset4--,,monte ,,al,,gre4--,,"* ,,( ,,sc5]y ,,& ,,soil4--,,sant>em4--,,s5d ,,(f ,,p>ty ,,on ,,! ,,riv] ,,tapajos4--,,cont9ue ,,up ,,! ,,amazons4--,,pa/oral ,,sc5es ,,on ,,! ,,banks4--,,t[n ,,( ,,villa ,,bella4--,,canoe ,,j\rney ,,at ,,night ,,to ,,! ,,lake ,,( ,,jos ,,ass4--,,esp]an,a',s ,,cottage4--,,picturesque ,,sc5e ,,at ,,night4--,,success ,,9 ,,collect+4--,,indian ,,life4--,,mak+ ,,f>9ha4--,,dance ,,9 ,,! ,,ev5+4--,,h[l+ ,,monkeys4--,,religi\s ,,impressions ,,( ,,indians4--,,cottage ,,( ,,maia ,,! ,,fi%]man4--,,8 ,,int]e/ ,,9 ,,educat+ ,,8 ,,*ildr54--,,return ,,to ,,/eam]4--,,sci5tific ,,results ,,( ,,! ,,excursion4 ,augu/ #bj?4--,on bo>d ! 8,icamiaba40 ,our fir/ ,sunday on ! ,amazons2 =1 not)/&+ ! w>m dispute z to :e!r bo? ! riv]s enclos+ ! isl& ( ,m>aj mu/ be consid]$ z p>ts ( ! great riv]1 x is impossible n to feel f ! mom5t y leave ,p> t y h ent]$ ^u ! ,amazons4 ,geology mu/ settle ?is knotty "q4 ,if x %\ld be se5 t ! cont95t once pres5t$ an unbrok5 l9e1 z ,mr4 ,agassiz believes1 f ,cape ,/4 ,roque to ,cay5ne1 ! sea hav+ encroa*$ ^u x s z to give x its pres5t limits1 ! ,amazons mu/ orig9ally h ent]$ ! ocean f> to ! ea/ ( its pres5t m\?1 at a "t :5 ! ,isl& ( ,m>aj divid$ ! riv] 9 two *annels fl[+ on ei!r side ( x & unit+ aga9 beyond x4 ,we came on bo>d la/ night1 accompani$ to ! boat by a numb] ( ! fri5ds :o h made our soj\rn 9 ,p> s agreeable1 & :o came (f to bid u f>ewell4 ,?us f> ! h>d%ips ( ?is ,s\? ,am]ican j\rney seem to retreat at our approa*4 ,x is impossible to travel ) great] com=t ?an surr\nds u "h4 ,my own suite ( rooms consi/s ( a good-siz$ /ate-room1 ) dress+-room & ba?-room adjo9+1 &1 if ! o!rs are n q s luxuri\sly accommodat$1 !y h space en\gh4 ,! /ate-rooms are h>dly us$ at night1 = a hammock on deck is f> m com=table 9 ?is climate4 ,our deck1 ro($ 9 = its :ole l5g?1 & ) an awn+ to let d[n on ! sides1 if ne$$1 looks l a com=table1 unc]emoni\s sitt+-room4 ,a table d[n ! middle s]v+ z a d9n]-table1 b :i* is at ?is mom5t /rewn ) maps1 j\rnals1 books1 & pap]s ( all sorts1 two or ?ree l\ng+-*airs1 a numb] ( camp-/ools1 & half a doz5 hammocks1 9 "o or two ( :i* "s ( ! p>ty are tak+ _! ease1 furni% our draw+-room1 & supply all t is ne$$ = "w & re/4 ,at "o end is also a draw+-table = ,mr4 ,burkh>dt1 beside a numb] ( kegs & glass j>s = specim5s4 ,?is fir/ day1 h[ev]1 x is almo/ impossible to d m ?an look & wond]4 ,mr4 ,agassiz says3 8,?is riv] is n l a riv]2 ! g5]al curr5t 9 su* a sea ( fre% wat] is h>dly p]ceptible to ! sight1 & seems m l ! fl[ ( an ocean ?an l t ( an inl& /ream40 ,x is true we are con/antly betwe5 %ores1 b !y are %ores1 n ( ! riv] itself1 b ( ! c\ntless isl&s scatt]$ ?r\gh\t its enorm\s bread?4 ,z we coa/ along _! banks1 x is delightful to wat* ! exquisite vegetation ) :i* we h yet to become famili>4 ,! tree :i* mo/ imm$iately /rikes ! eye1 & /&s out f ! mass ( gre5 ) wond]ful grace & maje/y1 is ! l(ty1 sl5d] ,assai palm1 ) its cr[n ( light plume-l leaves1 & its bun*es ( b]ry-l fruit1 hang+ f a bran* t %oots out almo/ horizontally1 j bel[ ! leaves4 ,h\ses on ! %ore break ! solitude "h & !re4 ,f ?is di/ance !y look picturesque1 ) ?at*$1 ov]hang+ ro(s1 cov]+ a k9d ( op5 por*4 ,j n[ we pass$ a cle>$ nook at ! wat]-side1 :]e a wood5 cross m>k$ a s+le m\nd4 ,:at a lonely grave x seem$6 ,we are n[ coa/+ along ! ,isle ( ,m>aj1 keep+ up ! s-call$ ,p> riv]2 we %all n ent] ! undisput$ wat]s ( ! ,amazons till ! day aft] to-morr[4 ,?is "p ( ! riv] goes also by ! "n ( ! ,bay ( ,m>aj4 ,augu/ #ba/4--,la/ ev5+ we /opp$ at our fir/ /ation1--! little t[n ( ,breves4 ,its population1 l t ( all ^! small settlem5ts on ! ,l[] ,amazons1 is made up ( an amalgamation ( races4 ,y see ! regul> features & fair sk9 ( ! :ite man comb9$ ) ! black1 co>se1 /raight hair ( ! ,indian1 or ! mulatto ) p>tly negro1 p>tly ,indian features1 b ! crisp tak5 out ( ! hair2 & ) ^! comb9ations comes 9 ! pure ,indian type1 ) its l[ br[1 squ>e build ( face1 & /raight l9e ( ! %\ld]s4 ,9 ! wom5 especially ! %\ld]s are r high4 ,9 ! fir/ h\se we ent]$ !re 0 only an old half-bre$ ,indian-woman1 /&+ 9 ! broad op5 por* ( h] ?at*$ home1 :]e %e seem$ to be surr\nd$ ) live /ock1--p>rots & p>roquets ( all sorts & sizes1 :i* %e kept = sale4 ,aft] look+ 9 at sev]al ( ! h\ses1 buy+ "o or two monkeys1 "s p>roquets1 & "s articles ( ! village pott]y1 z ugly1 ,i mu/ say1 z !y 7 curi\s1 we w&]$ up into ! =e/ to ga!r plants = dry+4 ,! palms are m abundant1 l>g]1 & 9 great] v>iety ?an we h se5 !m hi!rto4 ,at dusk we return$ to ! /eam]1 :]e we f\nd a cr[d ( little boys & "s old] memb]s ( ! village population1 ) snakes1 fi%es1 insects1 monkeys1 c4 ,! news _h spread t ! collect+ ( 8bixos0 0 ! object ( ?is visit to _! settlem5t1 & all 7 ?rong+ 9 ) _! live w>es ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 v mu* pleas$ ) ?is fir/ h>ve/4 ,he add$ a consid]able numb] ( new species to 8 collection ( ,amazonian fi%es made 9 ,p>1 already s full & r>e4 ,we rema9$ at ! ,breves l&+ all night1 & ?is morn+ we are /eam+ along betwe5 isl&s1 9 a *annel :i* be>s ! "n ( ! riv] ,aturia4 ,x gives an idea ( ! gr&eur ( ! ,amazons1 t _m ( ! *annels divid+ ! isl&s by :i* its imm5se bread? is brok5 are !mselves l ample riv]s1 & among ! p "h are kn[n by di/9ct local names4 ,! banks are flat2 we h se5 no cliffs z yet1 & ! beauty ( ! sc5]y is :olly 9 ! =e/4 ,i speak m ( ! palms ?an ( o!r trees1 because !y are n to be mi/ak51 & f _! peculi> port !y /& out 9 bold relief f ! mass ( foliage1 (t5 ris+ above x & %>ply def9$ aga9/ ! sky4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a ho/ ( o!r trees1 ! names ( :i* are unkn[n to u z yet1 _m ( :i* ,i suppose h no place ev5 9 botanical nom5clature1 =m+ a d5se wall ( v]dure along ! banks ( ! riv]4 ,we h sometimes he>d x said t ! voyage up ! ,amazons is monoton\s2 b to me x seems delightful to coa/ along by ^! woods1 ( a "* s new to u1 to get glimpses into _! d>k dep?s or into a cle>$ spot ) a s+le /ately palm "h & !re1 or to cat* ev5 ! m]e/ glance at ! life ( ! p :o live 9 ! isolat$ settlem5ts1 consi/+ only ( "o or two ,indian h\ses by ! riv]-side4 ,we are keep+ s ne> to ! banks to-day1 t we c almo/ c\nt ! leaves on ! trees1 & h an excell5t opportunity ( /udy+ ! v>i\s k9ds ( palms4 ,at fir/ ! ,assai 0 mo/ conspicu\s1 b n[ come 9 a numb] ( o!rs4 ,! ,mirit 7,mauritia7 is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 ) its p5dant clu/]s ( r$di% fruit & its enorm\s1 spread+1 fan-l leaves cut into ribbons1 "o ( :i* ,wallace says is a load = a man4 ,! ,jupat 7,rhaphia71 ) its plume-l leaves1 sometimes f =ty to fifty feet 9 l5g?1 seems1 9 consequ5ce ( its %ort /em1 to />t almo/ f ! gr\nd4 ,its vase-l =m is peculi>ly graceful & symmetrical4 ,!n !re is ! ,buss 7,manic>ia71 ) /iff1 entire leaves1 "s ?irty feet 9 l5g?1 m upright & close 9 _! mode ( gr[?1 & s]rat$ along _! edges4 ,! /em ( ?is palm also is comp>atively %ort4 ,! banks 9 ?is "p ( ! riv] are v g5]ally bord]$ by two plants =m+ sometimes a sort ( h$ge along ! %ore2 namely1 ! ,an+a 7,arum71 ) l>ge1 he>t-%ap$ leaves on ! summit ( tall /ems1 & ! ,murici1 a l[] gr[?1 j on ! wat]'s edge4 ,we are pass+ out ( ! s-call$ riv] ,aturia into ano!r *annel ( l "*1 ! riv] ,tajapur4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day we %all arrive at a little settlem5t be>+ ! same "n1 :]e is to be our second /ation4 ,augu/ #bb;d4--,ye/]day we pass$ ! day at ! settlem5t m5tion$ above4 ,x consi/s only ( ! h\se ( a ,brazilian m]*ant1#ea :o lives "h ) 8 family1 hav+ no neighbors except ! inhabitants ( a few ,indian h\ses 9 ! =e/ imm$iately ab\t4 ,"o wond]s at fir/ :at %\ld induce a man to isolate himself 9 ?is solitude4 ,b ! ,india-rubb] trade is v productive "h4 ,! ,indians tap ! trees z we tap our sug>-maples1 & give ! produce 9 ex*ange = v>i\s articles ( _! own dome/ic consumption4 ,our day at ,tajapur 0 a v successful "o 9 a sci5tific po9t ( view1 & ! collections 7 aga9 increas$ by a numb] ( new species4 ,mu* z has be5 said ( ! numb] & v>iety ( fi%es 9 ! ,amazons1 ! fauna seems f> ri*] ?an x has be5 report$4 ,= ^? ( my read]s :o c>e to foll[ ! sci5tific progress ( ! exp$ition z well z ! ?read ( p]sonal adv5ture1 ,i add "h a lett] on ! subject1 writt5 a day or two lat] by ,mr4 ,agassiz to ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 9 ,p>1 ! g5]\s fri5d to :om he owes 9 a great degree ! facilities he enjoys 9 ?is voyage4 #bb ,a\t1 au mat93 entre ,tajapur et ,gurup4 ,,mon ,,*] ,,ami3--,la j\rne d'hi] a t des plus in/ructives1 surt\t p\r les poissons 8d ,mato40 ,n\s avons obt5u qu9ze espces en t\t4 ,sur ce nombre il y en a dix n\velles1 quatre qui se tr\v5t aussi au ,p> et une dj dcrite p> moi dans le voyage de ,spix et ,m>tius2 mais ce qu'il y a de plus intressant1 c'e/ la preuve que f\rniss5t ces espces1 les pr5dre dans leur totalit1 que l'ensemble des poissons qui habit5t les eaux l'oue/ du gr\pe d'les qu'on appelle ,m>aj1 diffre de ceux des eaux du ,rio d ,p>4 ,la li/e des noms que n\s avons dem&e aux ,indi5s pr\ve encore que le nombre des espces qui se tr\v5t dans ces localits e/ beauc\p plus considrable que celui des espces que n\s avons pu n\s procur]2 aussi avons n\s laiss des bocaux ,breves et ,tajapur p\r complt] la collection4 ,voici quelques rem>ques qui v\s f]ont mieux apprci] ces diffr5ces1 si v\s v\lez les comp>] avec le catalogue des espces du ,p> que je v\s ai laiss4 t\t pr5dre1 il me p>ait vid5t ds prs5t que notre voyage f]a une rvolution dans l',i*?yologie4 ,et d'abord1 le ,jacund de ,tajapur e/ diffr5t des espces du ,p>2 de mme l',ac>2 puis n\s avons une espce n\velle de ,s>ap et une espce n\velle de ,jeju2 une espce n\velle de ,rabeca1 une espce n\velle d',anoj1 un g5re n\veau de ,c&iru1 un g5re n\veau de ,bagre1 un g5re n\veau d',ac>y et une espce n\velle d',ac>y du mme g5re que celui du ,p>2 plus une espce n\velle de ,matupirim4 ,aj\tez ceci une espce d',aracu dj dcrite1 mais qui ne se tr\ve pas au ,p> et v\s aurez ,tajapur onze espces qui n'exi/5t pas au ,p>1 auxquelles il faut aj\t] encore quatre espces qui se tr\v5t ,tajapur aussi bi5 qu'au ,p>1 et une qui se tr\ve au ,p>1 ,brves1 et ,tajapur4 ,en t\t v+t espces1 dont qu9ze n\velles1 en deux j\rs4 ,malheureusem5t les ,indi5s ont mal compris nos directions1 et ne n\s ont rapport qu'un seul exemplaire de *acune de ces espces4 ,il re/e donc beauc\p faire dans ces localits1 surt\t en jug] d'aprs le catalogue des noms recueillis p> le ,major ,c\t9ho qui r5f]me v+t-six espces 8d ,mato0 et qu>ante-six 8d ,rio40 ,il n\s en manque donc au mo9s c9quante-deux de ,tajapur1 mme suppos] que cette localit r5f]me aussi les c9q espces de ,breves4 ,v\s voyez que n\s laiss]ons encore normm5t faire nos successeurs4 ,adieu p\r auj\rd'hui1 votre bi5 affection ,l4 ,,agassiz4#eb ,! ,indians "h are v skilful 9 fi%+1 & in/ead ( go+ to collect1 ,mr4 ,agassiz1 imm$iately on arriv+ at any /ation1 s5ds (f sev]al fi%]m5 ( ! place1 rema9+ himself on bo>d to sup]9t5d ! draw+ & putt+ up ( ! specim5s z !y arrive4#ec ,he made at ,tajapur a collection ( ! leaves & fruit ( palms1 ( :i* !re 7 sev]al v beautiful ones ne> ! %ore4 ,i sat = a long "t on ! deck wat*+ an ,indian cutt+ a leaf f a ,mirit palm4 ,he 0 sitt+ 9 ! crot* ( a s+le leaf1 z safe & z p]fectly support$ z if he _h be5 on ! bran* ( an oak-tree1 & x took _m bl[s ( 8 heavy axe to sep>ate ! leaf at 8 side :i* he 0 try+ to br+ d[n4 ,! heat dur+ ! day 0 int5se1 b at ab\t five o'clock x became q cool & ,r---- & ,i /roll$ on %ore4 ,walk+ "h is a peculi> process1 & seems r al>m+ till y become accu/om$ to x4 ,a great "p ( ! l&1 ev5 f> up into ! =e/1 is ov]fl[$1 & s+le logs are ?r[n across ! /reams & pools1 ov] :i* ! inhabitants walk ) z mu* security z on a broad road1 b :i* seem any?+ b safe to ! new-com]4 ,aft] we _h gone a little way we came to an ,indian h\se on ! bord] ( ! wood4 ,"h we 7 v cordially invit$ to ent]1 & _h aga9 cause to comm5t on ! tidy aspect ( ! por*1 :i* is _! g5]al reception-room4 ,a description ( "o ( ^! dwell+s w d = all4 ,_! mat]ials are drawn f ! =e/ ab\t !m4 ,! frames are made ( tall1 sl5d] tree-trunks1 cross+ ea* o!r at "r angles4 ,betwe5 ^! are wov5 long palm-leaves1 mak+ an admirable ?at*1 or sometimes ! walls are fill$ 9 ) mud4 ,! ro( ov]hangs1 cov]+ ! wide1 op5 por*1 :i* ext5ds ! l5g? ( "o side ( ! h\se1 & is z deep z a good-siz$ room2 x is usually left op5 on ! sides z well z 9 front4 ,)91 ! re/ ( ! h\se is divid$ (f into "o or m *amb]s1 accord+ to its size4 ,i h n p5etrat$ into ^!1 b c be> te/imony to ! usual cleanl9ess & ord] ( ! out] room4 ,! h>d mud-floor is neatly swept1 !re is no litt] ab\t1 &1 except = ! mosquitoes1 ,i %\ld ?9k x no h>d%ip to sl+ my hammock = ! night "u ! ?at*$ ro( ( "o ( ^! primitive v]&a-l ap>tm5ts4 ,!re is "o elem5t ( dirt common 9 ! h\ses ( our own poor :i* is abs5t "h4 ,in/ead ( ! mass ( old mu/y b$d+1 a ne/ = v]m91 ! ,indians h _! cool hammocks1 slung f side to side ( ! room4 ,"o feature 9 _! mode ( build+ des]ves to be m5tion$4 ,ow+ to ! subm]g$ /ate ( ! gr\nd on :i* !y live1 ! ,indians (t5 raise _! h\ses on piles sunk 9 ! wat]4 ,"h we h ! old lacu/r9e build+s1 s mu* discuss$ ( late ye>s1 reproduc$ = u4 ,"o ev5 sees sometimes a little g>d5 lift$ 9 ?is way above ! wat]4 ,b to return to our walk4 ,"o ( ! ,indians invit$ u to cont9ue our ramble to 8 h\se1 :i* he said 0 n f> beyond1 9 ! =e/4 ,we readily compli$1 = ! pa? he po9t$ out to u look$ tempt+ 9 ! extreme1 lead+ into ! dep? ( ! wood4 ,"u 8 guidance we cont9u$ = "s di/ance1 e n[ & !n cross+ "o ( ! =e/ creeks on ! logs4 ,see+ t ,i 0 r timid1 he cut = me a long pole1 ) ! aid ( :i* ,i felt q brave4 ,b at la/ we came to a place :]e ! wat] 0 s deep t ,i c\ld n t\* bottom ) my pole1 & z ! r\nd log on :i* ,i 0 to cross 0 r rock+ & un/eady1 ,i did n d>e to advance4 ,i told him1 9 my imp]fect ,portuguese1 t ,i 0 afraid4 8,na1 mia branca0 7,no1 my :ite7 he said1 reassur+ly2 8na tem m$o0 7don't be afraid74 ,!n1 z if a ?\ght /ruck him1 he motion$ me to wait1 &1 go+ a few /eps up ! creek1 he unloos$ 8 boat1 br\ght x d[n to ! spot :]e we /ood1 & put u across to ! opposite %ore4 ,j beyond 0 8 pretty1 picturesque home1 :]e he %[$ me 8 *ildr51 tell+ me _! ages1 & introduc$ me to 8 wife4 ,!re is a natural c\rtesy ab\t ^! p :i* is v attractive1 & :i* ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o has liv$ among !m a great deal1 tells me is a g5]al *>act]i/ic ( ! ,amazonian ,indians4 ,:5 we took leave ( !m & return$ to ! canoe1 ,i suppos$ our guide w\ld simply put u across to ! o!r %ore1 a di/ance ( a few feet only1 z he _h done 9 com+4 ,in/ead ( t he head$ ! canoe up ! creek into ! wood4 ,i %all nev] =get t r[1 ! m en*ant+ t x 0 s unexpect$1 ?r\gh ! n>r[ wat]-pa?1 ov]>*$ by a solid ro( ( v]dure1 & black ) %ad[s2 & yet x 0 n gloomy1 = outside1 ! sun 0 sett+ 9 crimson & gold1 & its la/ beams /ruck 9 "u ! b\ghs & lit ! int]ior ( ! =e/ ) a w>m gl[4 ,nor %all ,i easily =get ! face ( our ,indian fri5d1 :o _h welcom$ u s w>mly to 8 home1 & :o evid5tly enjoy$ our exclamations ( delight & ! effect ( ! surprise he _h giv5 u4 ,! creek l$ by a det\r back into ! riv]1 a few rods above ! l&+ :]e our /eam] lay4 ,our fri5dly boatman left u at ! /airway ) a cordial good-by1 & _m ?anks f u at p>t+4 ,we left our l&+ e>ly ?is morn+1 & at ab\t half pa/ t5 turn$ into ! ma9 ,amazons4 ,?us f> we h be5 9 :at is call$ ! ,p> riv]1 & ! bran*es connect+ x ) ! ,amazons prop]4 ,! proportions ( ev]y?+ 9 nature amaze "o "h1 h[ev] mu* "o may h he>d or read ab\t !m4 ,= two days & nights we h be5 foll[+ ! isle ( ,m>ajo1 :i*1 ?\gh b an isl& 9 ! m\? ( ! ,amazons1 is half z l>ge z ,irel&4 ,i add "h a second lett] f ,mr4 ,agassiz to ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 giv+ a %ort summ>y ( 8 sci5tific progress4 ,,mon ,,*] ,,ami3--,je suis extnu de fatigue1 mais je ne veux pas all] me repos] avant de v\s avoir crit un mot4 ,hi] soir n\s avons obt5u v+t-sept espces de poissons ,gurup et ce mat91 c9quante-sept ,porto d ,moz1 en t\t quatre-v+t-quatre espces en mo9s de d\ze heures et1 sur ce nombre1 il y en c9quante et une n\velles4 ,c'e/ m]veilleux4 ,je ne puis plus mettre en ordre ce qu'on m'apporte au fur et mesure que cela arrive2 et quant obt5ir des dess9s coloris du t\t1 il n'en e/ plus "q1 mo9s qu' notre ret\r n\s ne passions une sema9e entire ici4 ,t\t v\s1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#ed ,augu/ #bc;d4--,ye/]day morn+1 be=e rea*+ ! little t[n ( ,gurup1 we pass$ a =e/ ( ,miriti palms2 x is ! fir/ "t we h se5 a palm wood exclusive ( o!r trees4 ,9 ! aft]noon we /opp$ at ,gurup & w5t on %ore2 b j z we l&$1 a viol5t ?und]-/orm bur/ ^u u ) %eets ( ra91 & we saw little ( ! t[n except ! inside ( ! h\se :]e we took %elt]4 ,mr4 ,agassiz obta9$ a mo/ valuable collection ( 8=e/ fi%es10 conta9+ a numb] ( new species2 ! ,indians enum]ate1 h[ev]1 "s sev5ty di/9ct species ( =e/ fi%es 9 ?is vic9ity1 s t1 not)/&+ 8 success1 he leaves mu* to be done by ^? :o %all come aft] him4 ,we left dur+ ! night1 & ?is morn+ we ent]$ ! riv] ,x+u1 /opp+ at ,porto d ,moz4 ,! wat] is v blue & d>k z comp>$ ) ! muddy wat]s ( ! ma9 riv]4 ,"h ,mr4 ,agassiz f\nd two collections1 "o ( =e/ fi%es1 ! o!r ( riv] fi%es1 await+ him1 ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o hav+ s5t mess5g]s by ! la/ /eam] to a numb] ( ports1 desir+ t collections %\ld be 9 read9ess = him4 ,! h>ve/ ( ?is morn+1 h[ev]1 0 su* an "o z makes an era 9 ! life ( a naturali/1 = x conta9$ =ty-eight new species1--m1 ,mr4 ,agassiz said1 ?an x _h ev] fall5 to 8 lot to f9d 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le day4 ,ev] s9ce we ent]$ ! ,amazons ! =e/ seems to me1 ?\gh m luxuriant1 less sombre ?an x did ab\t ,rio4 ,x is m transp>5t & m smil+2 "o sees into x1 & sees ! sun%9e glimm]+ ?r\gh x & light+ up its dep?s4 ,! /eam] has j left beh9d ! fir/ op5 l& we h pass$1--wide1 ext5sive flats1 ) sc>cely a tree1 & cov]$ ) ?ick1 co>se grass4 ,augu/ #bd?4--,ye/]day aft]noon we saw1 on ! nor? side ( ! riv]1 ! fir/ elevations ( any consequ5ce "o meets on ! ,amazons1 ! s+ul> flat-topp$ hills ( ,almeirim4 ,!y are cut (f z squ>ely on ! top z if levell$ ) a plane1 & divid$ f ea* o!r by wide op5+s1 ! sides be+ %av$ d[n ) ! same ev5ness z ! summits4 ,mu* has be5 said ab\t ! geology ( ^! s+ul> hills1 b no "o has fairly inve/igat$ x4 ,von ,m>tius l&$1 & asc]ta9$ _! height to be ab\t eight hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! riv]1 b beyond ?is1 no "o seems to "k any?+ ( _! real nature4 ,!y are g5]ally repres5t$ z spurs ( ! high] table-l& ( ,guiana4#ee ,la/ ev5+ 0 ! mo/ beautiful we h se5 on ! ,amazons4 ,we sat on ! front upp] deck z ! crimson sun w5t d[n1 8 broad r$ pa?way across ! wat] foll[$ pres5tly by ! pale trembl+ l9e ( light f ! cresc5t moon above4 ,aft] ! sun _h vani%$1 broad rays ( rose-color1 %oot+ almo/ to ! z5i?1 /ill atte/$ 8 p[]1 l5d+ some?+ ( _! gl[ also to a great mass ( :ite cl\ds 9 ! ea/1 ! reflection ( :i* turn$ ! yell[ wat]s ( ! riv] to silv]1 :ile betwe5 glory & glory ! deep blue sky ( night ga!r$ ov] ! hills ( ,almeirim4 ,?is morn+ at dawn we /opp$ at ! little settlem5t ( ,pra9ha1 b did n l&1 & we are n[ on our way to ,monte ,algre1 :]e we %all pass a day & a half4 ,augu/ #be?4--,monte ,algre4 ,we arriv$ be=e ?is t[n1 situat$ on ! nor? side ( ! ,amazons1 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,gurupatuba1 ye/]day at ab\t midday1 b ! heat 0 s great t ,i did n g on %ore till t[>ds ev5+4 ,! t[n is situat$ on ! summit ( a hill slop+ r /eeply upw>d f ! %ore1 & x takes its "n f a m\nta9 "s f\r leagues to ! nor?we/ ( x4 ,b ?\gh ! gr\nd is m brok5 & v>i\s ?an we h se5 x hi!rto1 ! place does n seem to me to des]ve its "n ( ,monte ,algre 7! gay m\nta974 ,to me ! aspect ( ! c\ntry "h is1 on ! contr>y1 r sombre2 ! soil consi/s ev]y:]e ( s&1 ! =e/ is l[1 :ile "h & !re int]v5e wide1 swampy flats1 cov]$ ) co>se grass4 ,! s& re/s above ! same r$di% drift1 fill$ ) smoo? r\nd$ qu>tz pebbles1 t we h foll[$ along our :ole road4 ,"h & !re ! pebbles are dispos$ 9 undulat+ l9es1 z if a p>tial /ratification _h tak5 place2 & 9 "s localities we saw indications ( ! drift hav+ be5 work$ ov] by wat]1 ?\gh n absolutely /ratifi$4 ,bo? at sunset & sunrise ,i took a walk to ! village *ur*y>d1 :i* comm&s ! prettie/ view 9 ! neighborhood4 ,x is enclos$ 9 a picket f5ce1 a l>ge wood5 cross /&s 9 ! c5tre1 & !re are a few o!r small crosses m>k+ graves2 b ! place look$ unc>$ =1 gr[n ov]1 :]ev] ! s& 0 n b>e1 by ! same co>se1 rank %rubs :i* spr+ up ev]y:]e 9 ?is ung5ial soil4#ef ,at a little di/ance f ! *ur*y>d1 ! hill slopes abruptly d[n1 & f its br[ "o looks across a wide pla9 cov]$ ) l[ =e/1 to ! m\nta9 on ! o!r side1 f :i* ! t[n takes its "n4 ,look+ s\?w>d1 ! =egr\nd is fill$ ) lakes divid$ f ea* o!r by l[ alluvial l&s1 =m+ ! level flats allud$ to above4 ,?\gh "o ( ! e>lie/ settlem5ts on ! ,amazons1 ?is t[n is1 by all acc\nts1 r decreas+ ?an increas+ 9 population4 ,9 ! mid/ ( its public squ>e /&s :at seems at fir/ to be ! ru9 ( a l>ge /one *ur*1 b :i* is1 9 fact1 ! framework ( a ca!dral begun =ty ye>s ago1 & /&+ unf9i%$ to ?is day4 ,c[s 7 pa/ur$ 9 its grass-gr[n aisles1 & x seem$ a r sad memorial1 bespeak+ a want ( prosp]ity 9 ! place4 ,we 7 mo/ k9dly ent]ta9$ 9 ! h\se ( ,s5hor ,manuel1 :o1 f9d+ t ! mosquitoes 7 likely to be v ?ick on bo>d ! /eam]1 invit$ u to pass ! night "u 8 ro(4 ,?is morn+ we are sail+ ab\t 9 ! neighborhood1 p>tly = ! sake ( gett+ fi%1 b pass+ also a c\ple ( h\rs at a cattle-f>m ne> by1 9 ord] to br+ on bo>d a numb] ( c[s & ox5 = ! ,manaos m>ket4 ,x seems t "o ( ! *ief occupations "h is ! rais+ ( cattle4 ,?is1 ) ! sale ( fi%1 caco1 & ,india-rubb]1 con/itutes ! comm]ce ( ! place4 ,augu/ #bf?4--,?is morn+ f\nd u aga9 on ! s\!rn side ( ! riv]1 (f ,sant>em1 at ! m\? ( "o ( ! great bran*es ( ! ,amazons1 ! ,tapajoz4 ,"h we leave a numb] ( our p>ty4 ,mr4 ,dext]1 ,mr4 ,james1 & ,mr4 ,talisman1 a "y ,brazilian :o jo9$ our p>ty at ,p>1 g on a collect+ exp$ition up ! ,tapajoz4 ,mr4 ,b\rget & ,mr4 ,hunnewell rema9 at ,sant>em1 ! =m] to make collections1 ! latt] to att5d to ! repairs ( 8 photograph+ app>atus1 :i* has met ) "s disa/]s4 ,we are all to meet aga9 at ,manaos = our f>!r voyage up to ,tabat+a4#eg ,we rema9$ at ,sant>em only long en\gh to see ! p>ty fitt$ out ) a canoe & ! necess>y supplies1 & z !y put (f f ! /eam] we weigh$ an*or & proce$$ on our way1 res]v+ our visit to ,sant>em = our return4 ,z we left ! port ! black wat]s ( ! ,tapajoz met ! yell[ /ream ( ! ,amazons1 & ! two ran toge!r = a :ile1 l ! wat]s ( ! ,arve & ,rhone 9 ,switz]l&1 meet+ b n m+l+4 ,in/ead ( return+ at once to ! ma9 riv]1 ! ,capta91 :o omits no?+ :i* c add to ! pleasure or ! pr(it ( our voyage1 put ! /eam] ?r\gh a n>r[ *annel1 :i*1 on ! ,mississippi1 w\ld be call$ a 8bay\10 b goes "h by ! "n ( an 8,ig>ap40 ,no?+ c\ld be pretti] ?an ?is 8,ig>ap ,ass10 h>dly m ?an wide en\gh to admit ! /eam]1 & bord]$ on ei!r side by a ?ick wood1 9 :i* are conspicu\s ! ,munguba1 ) its oval1 r$ fruit1 ! ,imbauba-tree1 nei!r s l(ty nor s regul> 9 =m z ab\t ,rio1 & ! ,taxi1 ) its masses ( :ite fl[]s & br[n buds4 ,= two days pa/ we h lo/ ! palms 9 a great degree2 ab\t ,monte ,algre !y 7 comp>atively few1 & "h we see sc>cely any4 ,! %ore betwe5 ,sant>em & ,obydos1 :]e we %all arrive ?is ev5+1 seems m popul\s ?an ! regions we h be5 pass+ ?r\gh4 ,z we coa/ along1 keep+ close to ! l&1 ! sc5es revive all our e>ly visions ( an anci5t pa/oral life4 ,gr\ps ( ,indians--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--greet u f ! %ore1 /&+ "u ! ov]>*+ trees1 usually tra9$ or purposely *os5 to =m a k9d ( arbor ov] ! l&+-place1--! inv>iable =egr\nd ( ! picture1 ) ! 8mont>ia0 moor$ 9 front4 ,"o or two hammocks are (t5 slung 9 ! trees1 & betwe5 ! bran*es "o gets a glimpse ( ! ?at*$ ro( & walls ( ! little /raw cottage beh9d4 ,p]haps if we 7 to look a little clos] at ^! pictures ( pa/oral life1 we %\ld f9d !y h a co>se & prosaic side4 ,b let !m /&4 ,arcadia itself w\ld n be> a too m9ute scrut9y1 nor c\ld x pres5t a fair] aspect ?an d ^! ,indian homes on ! banks ( ! ,amazons4 ,! primitive =e/ ab\t ! h\ses is usually cle>$1 & !y /& 9 ! mid/ ( little plantations ( ! caco-tree1 m+l$ ) ! m&ioca %rub1 f ! roots ( :i* ! ,indians make _! fl\r1 & occasionally also ) ! ,india-rubb]-tree1 ?\gh1 z ! latt] gr[s pl5tifully 9 ! =e/1 x is n (t5 cultivat$4 ,! caco & ! ,india-rubb] !y s5d to ,p>1 9 ex*ange = su* dome/ic goods z !y require4 ,we h pass$ s close to ! %ore to-day t x has be5 easy to make geological obs]vations f ! deck4 ,= a consid]able di/ance above ,sant>em we h foll[$ drift cliffs1 re/+ ^u s&/one2 ! drift ( ! same r$di% color1 & pa/y1 clayey consi/5ce1 & ! s&/one seem+ly ! same 9 "*1 z t ( ,monte ,algre4 ,augu/ #bg?4--,villa ,bella4 ,la/ ev5+ we /opp$ to wood at ! t[n ( ,obydos1 b )\t l&+2 keep+ /raight on to ?is port1 on ! s\!rn side ( ! riv]1 at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,tup9amb>anas4 ,"h we 7 v cordially receiv$ by ,dr4 ,m>cus1 an old correspond5t ( ,mr4 ,agassiz1 :o has sev]al times s5t specim5s f ! ,amazons to ! ,cambridge ,museum4 ,to-night we are to />t 9 canoes on an excursion to "s ( ! lakes 9 ! neighborhood ( ?is port4 ,augu/ #bh?4--,9 ! por* ( an ,indian h\se on ! lake ,jos ,ass4 ,we pass$ a pleasant day ye/]day at ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,m>cus1 keep+ ! ,sabba? r aft] ! ,jewi% ?an ! ,*ri/ian rule1 z a v]itable day ( re/1 l\ng+ 9 hammocks1 & ! g5tlem5 smok+4 ,we return$ to ! /eam] at five o'clock1 int5d+ to />t at six1 9 ord] to h ! b5efit ( ! night fi%+1 said to be always ! mo/ successful4 ,b a viol5t ?und]-/orm1 ) heavy ra91 la/+ almo/ till midnight1 delay$ our dep>ture4 ,we load$ ! boats1 h[ev]1 be=e night1 t we might be ready to />t :5ev] ! wea!r %\ld cle>4 ,we h two canoes1 9 "o ( :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz1 myself1 & ,mr4 ,burkh>dt h our qu>t]s1 :ile ,major ,c\t9ho1 ,dr4 ,m>cus1 :o accompanies u1 & ,mr4 ,?ay] occupy ! o!r4 ,! =m]1 :i* is r ! l>g] ( ! two1 has a t9y cab9 at "o end1 "s ?ree feet high & six feet long1 ro($ 9 ) wood2 ! o!r has also "o end cov]$ 91 b ) ?at* in/ead ( wood4 ,9 ! l>g] boat we h our luggage1 compress$ to ! utmo/1 ! live /ock1--a small %eep1 a turkey1 & sev]al f[ls1--besides a numb] ( b>rels & kegs1 conta9+ alcohol1 = specim5s4 ,! ,capta9 has suppli$ u n only ) all ! necess>ies1 b1 s f> z is possible1 ) e luxury1 = a week's voyage4 ,all our prep>ations be+ made1 & no prospect ( cle> wea!r1 at n9e o'clock we betook ourselves to our hammocks1--or ^? ( u :o _h /[$ _! hammocks out ( rea*1--to *airs & b5*es1 & _h a brok5 sleep till ?ree o'clock4 ,! />s 7 !n %9+1 & ev]y?+ look$ fair = our voyage4 ,! w9d _h gone d[n1 ! riv] 0 smoo? z glass :5 we paddl$ away f ! side ( ! /eam]1 &1 ?\gh we _h no moon1 "o or two planets ?rew a bright reflection across ! wat] to *e] our way4 ,aft] keep+ = "s "t d[n ! riv]1 we turn$1 j at dawn1 into a v n>r[ *annel lead+ ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,x 0 h>dly day1 b p]haps ! sc5e 0 none ! less impressive = ! dim half-light 9 :i* we saw x4 ,f ! v]dant walls1 :i* rose on ei!r side & %ut u 91 l(ty trees1 clo!d f base to summit 9 v9es1 /ood out "h & !re l huge gre5 columns1 9 bold relief aga9/ ! morn+ sky2 hidd5 fl[]s fill$ ! air ) fragrance1 great roots /ret*$ out into ! wat]1 & n[ & !n a float+ log n>r[$ ! passage s z j to leave room = ! canoe to pass4 ,aft] a :ile a broad]1 full] light %one "u ! b\ghs1 & we issu$ f ?is n>r[ pa?way into an ext5sive lake4 ,"h x 0 f\nd t ! l>ge net1 :i* 0 to h made a "p ( ! outfit ( ! canoe1 _h be5 left beh9d1 &1 aft] call+ at two or ?ree ,indian h\ses to see if we c\ld supply ! defici5cy1 we 7 oblig$ to s5d back to ,villa ,bella = x4 ,9 ! mean "t we moor$ our boats at ! foot ( a little hill1 on :i* /&s an ,indian h\se1 :]e we /opp$ to breakfa/1 & :]e we are /ill wait+ = ! return ( our mess5g]s4 ,i mu/ say1 t a ne> view ( ,arcadia t5ds to dispel illusions2 b x %\ld be add$1 t ?is specim5 is by no means a favorable "o4 ,! h\ses at ,tajapur 7 f> m attractive1 & ! appe>ance ( _! inhabitants mu* neat] & m respectable1 ?an ^? ( our fri5ds "h4 ,yet at ?is mom5t ! sc5e is n altoge!r un9vit+4 ,"s ( ! p>ty are l\ng+ 9 ! hammocks1 :i* we h slung "u ! great por*1 z we are to pass sev]al h\rs "h2 an improvis$ ru/ic table1 consi/+ ( a bo>d re/+ on =k$ /icks1 /&s at "o side2 ! boatm5 are cle>+ away ! rema9s ( our late repa/2 ! ,indian wom51 dirty1 half clad1 ) _! hair hang+ uncomb$ ar\nd _! faces1 are t5d+ _! nak$ *ildr51 or knead+ ! m&ioca 9 a huge tr\gh4 ,! m5 ( ! h\se h j return$ f fi%+1 ! morn+ hav+ be5 m successful 9 t respect ?an 0 expect$1 & are n[ fitt+ up a r\gh =ge1 9 :i* !y are repair+ "s ( _! iron in/rum5ts4 ,9 ! mean "t ,sci5ce has its sacr$ corn]1 :]e ,mr4 ,agassiz is inve/igat+ new species1 ! result ( ! morn+'s fi%+1 :ile ,mr4 ,burkh>dt is draw+ !m4 ,augu/ #bi?4--,f9d+ ye/]day t our %elt] grew m uncom=table z ! day wore on1 & be+ oblig$ to wait = ! night fi%+1 we det]m9$ to cross ! lake to a 8,sitio0 7z ! inhabitants call _! plantations7 on ! o!r side ( ! lake4 ,"h we f\nd "o ( ! bett] specim5s ( ,indian h\ses4 ,on "o side ( ! h\se is ! op5 por*1 q gay at ?is mom5t ) our brightly color$ hammocks2 adjo9+ ?is is a l>ge *amb]1 op5+ into ! por* by a wide /raw1 or r palm-leaf door2 :i* does n sw+ on h+es1 h[ev]1 b is tak5 d[n & put up l a mat4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! room is an unglaz$ w9d[1 clos$ at w 9 ! same way by a palm-leaf mat4 ,= ! pres5t ?is *amb] is giv5 up to my use4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! por* is ano!r v]&a-l room1 also op5 at ! sides1 & app>5tly ! work+-room ( ! family2 = "h is ! great r\nd ov51 built ( mud1 :]e ! f>9ha is dri$1 & ! baskets ( m&ioca-root are /&+ ready to be pick$ & grat$1 & "h also is ! r\gh log table :]e we take our meals4 ,ev]y?+ has an air ( dec5cy & cleanl9ess2 ! mud-floors are swept1 ! gr\nd ab\t ! h\se is tidy & free f rubbi%1 ! little plantation ar\nd x ( caco & m&ioca1 ) "h & !re a c(fee-%rub1 is 9 nice ord]4 ,! h\se /&s on a slightly ris+ gr\nd1 slop+ g5tly upw>d f ! lake1 & j bel[1 "u "s trees on ! %ore1 are moor$ ! ,indian's 8,mont>ia0 & our two canoes4 ,we 7 receiv$ ) ! mo/ cordial fri5dl9ess1 ! ,indian wom5 ga!r+ ab\t me & exam9+1 ?\gh n 9 a r\gh or rude way1 my dress1 ! net on my hair1 t\*+ my r+s & wat*-*a91 & evid5tly discuss+ ! 8branca0 betwe5 !mselves4 ,9 ! ev5+1 aft] d9n]1 ,i walk$ up & d[n outside ! h\se1 enjoy+ ! picturesqu5ess ( ! sc5e4 ,! husb& _h j come 9 f ! lake1 & ! fire on ! gr\nd1 ov] :i* ! fre% fi% 0 broil+ = ! supp] ( ! family1 %one on ! figures ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 z !y mov$ ab\t1 & %$ its gl[ "u ! ?at*$ ro( ( ! work+-room1 mak+ its int]ior w>m & ruddy2 a lant]n 9 ! corn] ( ! por* ?rew a dim1 unc]ta9 light ov] hammocks & half-recumb5t figures1 & )\t1 ! moon %one ov] lake & =e/4 ,! mosquitoes1 h[ev]1 pres5tly began to di/urb ! romance ( ! sc5e1 &1 z we 7 all r tir$ f our brok5 re/ ! night be=e1 we retir$ e>ly4 ,my own sleep1 "u an excell5t mosquito-net1 0 v quiet & refre%+1 b !re 7 "s ( ! p>ty :o _h n provid$ !mselves ) ?is indisp5sable accompanim5t ( a hammock1 & !y pass$ ! night 9 mis]y1 af=d+ a repa/ to ! voraci\s hordes buzz+ ab\t !m4 ,i 0 awak5$ %ortly aft] daylight by ! ,indian wom51 br++ me a b\quet ( roses & jessam9e f ! v9es :i* grew ab\t ! cottage1 & wi%+ me good morn+4 ,aft] su* a k9dly greet+1 ,i c\ld n refuse !m ! pleasure ( assi/+ at my toilet1 ( wat*+ ! op5+ ( my valise1 & h&l+ e article z x came out4 ,! night fi%+ 0 unfavorable1 b ?is morn+ ! fi%]m5 h br\ght 9 new species en\gh to keep ,mr4 ,agassiz & 8 arti/ busy = _m h\rs1 s t we are likely to pass ano!r night among ^! hospitable p4 ,i mu/ say t ! primitive life ( ! bett] class ( ,indians on ! ,amazons is mu* m attractive ?an ! s-call$ civiliz$ life 9 ! :ite settlem5ts4 ,any?+ m bald1 dre>y1 & un9vit+ ?an life 9 ! ,amazonian t[ns1 ) an attempt at ! conv5tionalisms ( civilization1 b )\t "o ( its graces1 ,i c h>dly conceive4 ,?is morn+ my ,indian fri5ds h be5 %[+ me ! v>i\s processes to :i* ! ,m&ioca is subject$4 ,?is plant is invaluable to ^! p4 ,x gives !m _! f>9ha1--a co>se k9d ( fl\r1 _! only sub/itute = bread1--_! tapioca1 & also a k9d ( f]m5t$ juice call$ tucupi1--a m que/ionable bless+1 p]haps1 s9ce x af=ds !m ! means ( gett+ intoxicat$4 ,aft] be+ peel$1 ! roots ( ! m&ioca are scrap$ on a v co>se grat]2 9 ?is condition !y make a moi/ k9d ( pa/e1 :i* is !n pack$ 9 ela/ic /raw tubes1 made ( ! fibres ( ! ,jacit> ,palm 7,desmon*us74 ,:5 h] tube1 :i* has always a loop at ei!r end1 is full1 ! ,indian woman hangs x on ! bran* ( a tree2 %e !n passes a pole ?r\gh ! l[] loop & into a hole 9 ! trunk ( ! tree1 &1 sitt+ d[n on ! o!r end ( ! pole1 %e ?us trans=ms x into a primitive k9d ( lev]1 draw+ out ! tube to its utmo/ l5g? by ! pressure ( h] own weight4 ,! juice is ?us express$1 fl[+ into a b[l plac$ "u ! tube4 ,?is juice is poison\s at fir/1 b aft] be+ f]m5t$ becomes q h>mless1 & is !n us$ = ! tucupi4 ,! tapioca is made by mix+ ! grat$ m&ioca ) wat]4 ,x is !n press$ on a sieve1 & ! fluid :i* fl[s out is left to /&4 ,x soon makes a deposit l />*1 & :5 h>d5$ !y make x into a k9d ( porridge4 ,x is a favorite article ( food ) !m4 ,augu/ #cj?4--,z "t goes on1 we gr[ m at home ) our ru/ic fri5ds "h1 & beg9 to und]/& _! relations to ea* o!r4 ,! "n ( our ho/ is ,laudigri 7,i spell ! "n z x s\nds71 & t ( 8 wife ,esp]ana4 ,he1 l all ! ,indians liv+ ^u ! ,amazons1 is a fi%]man1 &1 ) ! exception ( su* little c>e z 8 small plantation requires1 ?is is 8 only occupation4 ,an ,indian is nev] se5 to d any ( ! "w ( ! h\se1 n ev5 to br+ wood or wat] or lift ! heavy burd5s1 & z ! fi%+ is done *iefly at c]ta9 seasons1 he is a v idle fell[ = a great "p ( ! "t4 ,! wom5 are said1 on ! contr>y1 to be v indu/ri\s2 & c]ta9ly ^? :om we h an opportunity ( see+ "h ju/ify ?is reputation4 ,esp]ana is always busy at "s h\sehold "w or o!r1--grat+ m&ioca1 dry+ f>9ha1 pack+ tobacco1 cook+ or sweep+4 ,h] *ildr5 are active & ob$i5t1 ! old] ones mak+ !mselves useful 9 br++ wat] f ! lake1 9 wa%+ ! m&ioca1 or 9 tak+ c>e ( ! y\ng] ones4 ,esp]ana c h>dly be call$ pretty1 b %e has a pleasant smile & a rem>kably sweet voice1 ) a k9d ( *ild-l intonation1 :i* is v w9n+2 & :5 sometimes1 aft] h] "w is ov]1 %e puts on h] :ite *emise1 fall+ loose f h] br[n %\ld]s1 h] d>k skirt1 & a rose or a sprig ( :ite jessam9e 9 h] jetty hair1 %e is by no means unattractive 9 h] p]sonal appe>ance1 ?\gh ,i mu/ confess t ! pipe :i* %e is apt to smoke 9 ! ev5+ injures ! g5]al effect4 ,h] husb& looks some:at sombre2 b 8 he>ty laugh occasionally1 & 8 enjoym5t ( ! glass ( ca*aa :i* rew>ds him :5 he br+s 9 a new lot ( specim5s1 %[s t he has 8 bright side4 ,he is greatly amus$ at ! value ,mr4 ,agassiz atta*es to ! fi%es1 especially ! little ones1 :i* appe> to him only fit to ?r[ away4 ,x seems t ! o!r family :o h be5 ab\t "h s9ce our arrival are neighbors1 :o h come 9 to help 9 ! mak+ ( m&ioca4 ,!y come 9 ! morn+ ) all _! *ildr5 & rema9 ?r\gh ! day4 ,! names ( ! fa!r & "m are ,p$ro ,manuel & ,mi*el9a4 ,he is a tall1 h&some fell[1 ^: *ief occupation seems to be t ( /&+ ab\t 9 picturesque attitudes1 & wat*+ 8 r pretty wife1 z %e bu/les r\nd 9 h] v>i\s "w ( grat+ or press+ or /ra9+ ! m&ioca1 g5]ally ) h] baby a/ride on h] hip1--! ,indian woman's favorite way ( c>ry+ h] *ild4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 ,p$ro ,manuel is ar\s$ to be> "s "p 9 ! collect+2 & ! o!r day1 :5 he br\ght 9 "s specim5s :i* seem$ to him q valueless1 ,mr4 ,agassiz rew>d$ him ) a *ick54 ,8 surprise & delight 7 great1 p]haps a little m+l$ ) contempt = ! man :o w\ld b>t] a *ick5 = a few wor?less fi%es1 fit only to ?r[ into ! riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,esp]ana's ,cottage4 ,la/ ev5+1 ) "s difficulty1 we induc$ ,laudigri to play = u on a r\gh k9d ( lute or guit>1--a favorite in/rum5t ) ! c\ntry p1 & us$ by !m z an accompanim5t = danc+4 ,:5 we _h him fairly en tra9 ) ! music1 we p]suad$ ,esp]ana & ,mi*el9a to %[ u "s ( _! dances2 n )\t reluctance1 & ) an emb>rassm5t :i* savor$ some:at ( ! self-consci\sness ( civiliz$ life1 !y /ood up ) two ( our boatm54 ,! dance is v peculi>2 s languid t x h>dly des]ves ! "n4 ,!re is almo/ no movem5t ( ! body2 !y lift ! arms1 b 9 an angul> position ) no fre$om ( motion1 snapp+ ! f+]s l ca/anets 9 "t to ! music1 & !y seem r l /atues glid+ f place to place ?an l danc]s4 ,?is is especially true ( ! wom51 :o are /ill m quiet ?an ! m54 ,"o ( ! boatm5 0 a ,bolivian1 a f9ely =m$1 picturesque-look+ man1 ^: s+ul> dress height5$ ! effect ( 8 peculi> movem5ts4 ,! ,bolivian ,indians we> a k9d ( toga2 at lea/ ,i d n "k h[ o!rwise to designate _! long /raight robe ( heavy twill$ cotton clo?4 ,x consi/s ( two pieces1 hang+ be=e & beh9d1 fa/5$ on ! %\ld]2 leav+ only an ap]ture = ! head to pass ?r\gh4 ,x is belt$ ar\nd ! wai/1 leav+ ! sides op5 s t ! legs & arms are p]fectly free4 ,! /raight folds ( 8 heavy :ite drap]y gave a sort ( /atuesque look to our ,bolivian z he mov$ sl[ly ab\t 9 ! dance4 ,aft] x 0 ov]1 ,esp]ana & ! o!rs urg$ me to %[ !m ! dance 8( my c\ntry10 z !y said1 & my "y fri5d ,r---- & ,i waltz$ = !m1 to _! great delight4 ,x seem$ to me l a /range dream4 ,! bright fire danc$ ) u1 flick]+ 9 "u ! por*1 fitfully light+ its picturesque int]ior & ! gr\p ( wond]+ ,indians ar\nd u1 :o enc\rag$ u e n[ & !n ) a 8,mito bonito1 mia branca1 mito bonito0 7,v pretty1 my :ite1 v pretty74 ,our ball kept up v late1 & aft] ,i _h gone to my hammock ,i /ill he>d1 betwe5 wak+ & sleep+1 ! pla9tive *ords ( ! guit>1 m+l+ ) ! melan*oly note ( a k9d ( :ippoorwill1 :o s+s 9 ! woods all night4 ,?is morn+ ! =e/ is noisy ) ! h[l+ monkeys4 ,!y s\nd v ne> & v num]\s2 b we are told t !y are deep 9 ! =e/1 & w\ld disappe> at ! slighte/ approa*4 ,septemb] #a/4--,ye/]day morn+ we bade our fri5dly ho/s good-by1 leav+ _! pretty picturesque home ) real regret4 ,! night be=e we left1 !y got toge!r "s ( _! neighbors 9 our honor1 & r5ew$ ! ball ( ! previ\s ev5+4 ,l ?+s ( ! same k9d 9 o!r classes1 ! second occasion1 got up ) a little m prep>ation ?an ! fir/1 :i* 0 :olly impromptu1 0 nei!r s gay nor s pretty4 ,frequ5t potations ( ca*aa made ! gue/s r noisy1 & _! danc+1 "u ?is influ5ce1 became f> m animat$1 & by no means s s]i\s & dignifi$ z ! ev5+ be=e4 ,"o ?+ :i* occurr$ e>ly 9 ! ent]ta9m5t1 h[ev]1 0 int]e/+1 z %[+ some?+ ( _! religi\s obs]vances4 ,9 ! morn+ ,esp]ana's "m1 a hide\s old ,indian woman1 _h come into my room to make me a visit4 ,be=e leav+1 ,i 0 r surpris$ to see h] kneel d[n by a little trunk 9 ! corn]1 &1 op5+ ! lid slightly1 ?r[ 9 repeat$ kisses1 t\*+ h] lips to h] f+]s & mak+ ge/ures z if %e dropp$ ! kisses into ! trunk1 cross+ h]self at int]vals z %e did s4 ,9 ! ev5+ %e 0 aga9 at ! dance1 &1 ) ! o!r two wom51 w5t ?r\gh ) a sort ( religi\s dance1 *ant+ ! :ile1 & c>ry+ 9 _! h&s a c>v$ ar* ( wood :i* !y wav$ to & fro 9 "t to ! *ant4 ,:5 ,i ask$ ,esp]ana ! mean+ ( ?is1 %e told me t1 ?\gh !y w5t to ! neighbor+ t[n ( ,villa ,bella = ! great fte ( our ,lady ( ,naz>e?1 !y kept x also at home on _! return1 & ?is 0 a "p ( _! c]emonies4 ,& !n %e ask$ me to come 9 ) h]1 &1 lead+ ! way to my room1 introduc$ me to ! cont5ts ( ! preci\s trunk2 !re 0 our ,lady ( ,naz>e?1 a common co>se pr9t1 fram$ 9 wood1 "o or two o!r small] color$ pr9ts & a few c&les2 ov] ! :ole 0 ?r[n a blue gauze4 ,x 0 ! family *apel1 & %e %[$ me all ! ?+s1 tak+ !m up "o by "o ) a k9d ( t5d]1 joyful rev]5ce1 only made ! m t\*+ by _! want ( any mat]ial value4 ,we are n[ at ano!r ,indian h\se on ! bank ( an arm ( ! riv] ,ramos1 connect+ ! ,amazons1 ?r\gh ! ,mauhes1 ) ! ,madeira4 ,our two h\rs' canoe-j\rney ye/]day1 9 ! middle ( ! day1 0 some:at hot & we>isome1 ?\gh "p ( x lay ?r\gh "o ( ! %ady n>r[ *annels ,i h describ$ be=e4 ,! ,indians h a pretty "n = ^! *annels 9 ! =e/2 !y call !m ,ig>aps1 t is1 boat-pa?s1 & !y lit]ally are 9 _m places j wide en\gh = ! canoe4 ,at ab\t f\r o'clock we arriv$ at our pres5t lodg+1 :i* is by no means s pretty z ! "o we h left1 ?\gh x /&s1 l t1 on ! slope ( a hill j above ! %ore1 ) ! =e/ ab\t x4 ,b x lacks ! wide por* & ! op5 work+-room :i* made ! o!r h\se s picturesque4 ,mosquitoes are pl5tiful1 & at nightfall ! h\se is clos$ & a pan ( turf burn$ be=e ! door to drive !m away4 ,our ho/ & ho/ess1 by "n ,jos ,antonio ,maia & ,m>ia ,joanna ,maia1 d :at !y c1 h[ev]1 to make u com=table1 & ! *ildr5 z well z ! p>5ts %[ t natural c\rtesy :i* has /ruck u s mu* among ^! ,indians4 ,! *ildr5 are con/antly br++ me fl[]s & su* little gifts z !y h x 9 _! p[] to be/[1 especially ! pa9t$ cups :i* ! ,indians make f ! fruit ( ! ,cresc5tia1 & use z dr9k+-cups1 bas9s1 & ! l4 ,"o sees numb]s ( !m 9 all ! ,indian h\ses along ! ,amazons4 ,my books & writ+ seem to int]e/ !m v mu*1 & :ile ,i 0 read+ at ! w9d[ ( my room ?is morn+1 ! fa!r & "m came up1 &1 aft] wat*+ me a few m9utes 9 sil5ce1 ! fa!r ask$ me1 if ,i _h any leaves out ( "s old book :i* 0 useless to me1 or ev5 a "p ( any old newspap]1 to leave x ) him :5 ,i w5t away4 ,once1 he said1 he _h kn[n h[ to read a little1 & he seem$ to ?9k if he _h some?+ to practise ^u1 he might recov] ! lo/ art4 ,8 face fell :5 ,i told him all my books 7 ,engli%3 x 0 a bucket ( cold wat] to 8 lit]>y ambition4 ,!n he add$1 t "o ( 8 little boys 0 v bright1 & he 0 sure he c\ld le>n1 if he _h ! means ( s5d+ him to s*ool4 ,:5 ,i told him t ,i liv$ 9 a c\ntry :]e a good education 0 freely giv5 to ! *ild ( e poor man1 he said if ! 8branca0 did n live s f> away1 he w\ld ask h] to take 8 daught] ) h]1 & = h] s]vices to h h] taught to read & write4 ,! man has a bright1 intellig5t face1 & speaks ) g5u9e feel+ ( 8 desire to give an education to 8 *ildr54 ,septemb] #c;d4--,ye/]day we />t$ on our return1 & aft] a w>m & we>isome r[ ( f\r h\rs rea*$ our /eam] at five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! sci5tific results ( ?is exp$ition h be5 mo/ satisfactory4 ,! collections1 diff]+ greatly f ea* o!r 9 "*1 are v l>ge f bo? our /ations1 & ,mr4 ,burkh>dt has be5 indefatigable 9 mak+ color$ draw+s ( ! specim5s :ile _! t9ts 7 yet fre%4 ,?is is no easy task1 = ! mosquitoes buzz ab\t him & sometimes make "w almo/ intol]able4 ,?is morn+ ,maia br\ght 9 a sup]b ,pir>>a 7fi% p>rot74 ,?is fi% is already well kn[n to sci5ce2 x is a heavy1 broad-head$ hornp\t1 ) a bony %ield ov] ! :ole head2 its g5]al color is jet black1 b x has bright yell[ sides1 deep5+ into orange "h & !re4 ,its sy/ematic "n is ,phractocephalus bicolor4 ,! yell[ fat ( ?is fi% has a curi\s prop]ty2 ! ,indians tell u t :5 p>rots are f$ ^u x !y become t+$ ) yell[1 & !y (t5 use x to r5d] _! 8papagaios0 m v>iegat$4#eh ,dur+ our abs5ce ! comm&] ( our /eam]1 ,capta9 ,anacleto1 & "o or two g5tlem5 ( ! t[n1 among o!rs ,s5hor ,augu/9ho1 & also ,fa!r ,torquato1 ^: "n occurs (t5 9 ,bates's "w on ! ,amazons1 h be5 mak+ a collection ( riv] fi%es1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz f9ds "s fifty new species4 ,?us ! h>ve/ ( ! week has be5 a ri* "o4 ,to-day we are on our way to ,manaos1 :]e we expect to arrive 9 ! c\rse ( to-morr[4 ----- ,footnote #ea3 ,s5hor ,sep$a1 a mo/ hospitable & c\rte\s g5tleman1 to :om we 7 indebt$ !n & aft]w>ds = mu* k9dness1 & also = valuable collections put up dur+ our j\rney to ! ,upp] ,amazons4 ,footnote #eb3 ,augu/ #bb;d1 morn+3 betwe5 ,tajapur & ,gurup4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d3--,ye/]day 0 a mo/ in/ructive day1--above all1 9 ! 8=e/ fi%es40 ,we h obta9$ fifte5 species 9 all4 ,out ( ?is numb] t5 are new1 f\r are f\nd also 9 ,p>1 & "o has be5 already describ$ by me 9 ! voyage ( ,spix & ,m>tius2 b :at is mo/ int]e/+ is ! pro( furni%$ by ^! species1 tak5 9 _! totality1 t ! fi%es inhabit+ ! wat]s we/ ( ! gr\p ( isl&s call$ ,m>aj1 :5 consid]$ z a :ole1 diff] f ^? ( ! ,p> riv]4 ,! li/ ( names :i* we h ask$ f ! ,indians %[s1 fur!r1 t ! numb] ( species f\nd 9 ^! localities exce$s greatly t :i* we h be5 able to procure2 = ?is reason we h left cans at ,breves & at ,tajapur 9 ord] to complete ! collection4 ,i add "s rem>ks :i* w help y to appreciate ^! diff]5ces1 if y wi% to comp>e !m ) ! catalogue ( ! ,p> species :i* ,i left ) y4 ,consid]+ all1 x seems to me already app>5t t our voyage w make a revolution 9 ,i*?yology4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! ,jacund ( ,tajapur is diff]5t f ^? ( ,p>2 s is ! ,ac>2 !n we h a new species ( ,s>ap1 & also "o ( ,jeju2 a new species ( ,rabeca1 a new species ( ,anoj1 a new g5us ( ,c&iru1 a new g5us ( ,bagre1 a new g5us ( ,ac>y1 & a new species ( ,ac>y belong+ to ! same g5us z t ( ,p>2 also a new species ( ,matupirim4 ,add to ?is a species ( ,arac1 already describ$1 b :i* is n f\nd at ,p>1 & y w h at ,tajapur elev5 species :i* d n exi/ at ,p>1 to :i* mu/ be add$ f\r species :i* are f\nd at ,tajapur z well z at ,p>1 & "o :i* occurs at ,p>1 ,breves1 & ,tajapur4 ,9 all tw5ty species1 ( :i* fifte5 are new1 9 two days4 ,unhappily1 ! ,indians h misund]/ood our directions1 & h br\ght u b "o specim5 ( ea* species4 ,!re rema9s1 !n1 mu* to d 9 ^! localities1 judg+ f ! catalogue ( names collect$ by ,major ,c\t9ho1 :i* includes tw5ty-six species f ! =e/ & =ty-six f ! riv]4 ,we are /ill lack+ at lea/ fifty-two species f ,tajapur1 ev5 suppos+ t ?is locality conta9s also ! five species f ,breves4 ,y see t we %all yet leave a l>ge %>e ( ! "w to our successors4 ,adieu = to-day1 y\r affectionate ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #ec3 ,! opportunity ( wat*+ ^! fi%es 9 _! natural elem5t1 & keep+ _m ( !m alive = h\rs or days 9 our glass tanks1 0 v in/ructive1 & sugge/$ comp>isons n dream$ ( be=e4 ,our arrangem5ts 7 v conv5i5t2 & z ! comm&] ( ! /eam] all[$ me to encumb] ! deck ) all sorts ( sci5tific app>atus1 ,i _h a numb] ( l>ge glass di%es & wood5 tubs 9 :i* ,i kept su* specim5s z ,i wi%$ to inve/igate ) special c>e & to h drawn f life4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ *anges made by ,j4 ,mll]1 9 ! classification ( ! sp9y fi%es1 0 ! sep>ation into a di/9ct ord]1 "u ! "n ( ,ph>yngogna?i1 ( all ^? 9 :i* ! ph>yngeal bones are sold]$ toge!r4 ,) ^! ! illu/ri\s ,g]man anatomi/ has associat$ a numb] ( s(t-ray$ types1 =m]ly unit$ ) ! ,pick]els & ,h]r+s1 & *>act]iz$ by ! same /ructure4 ,x w\ld ?us seem t !re is "h a def9ite anatomical "* easily traceable1 by ! aid ( :i* a va/ numb] ( fi%es might be correctly classifi$4 ,b ! "q at once arises1 ,are ^! fi%es truly relat$ to "o ano!r1 & s comb9$ 9 ?is new ord] ( ,ph>yngogna?i z to include all :i* prop]ly belong ) !m1 & none o!rs8 ,i ?9k n4 ,i believe t ,mll] has always plac$ too mu* value ^u isolat$ anatomical *>act]s2 &1 :ile he 0 und\bt$ly "o ( ! greate/ anatomi/s & physiologi/s ( our age1 he lack$ zological tact4 ,?is is especially evid5t ) ref]5ce to ! ord] ( ,ph>yngogna?i1 = ?\gh ! ,scomb]esoces h fix$ ph>yngeals l ,*romides1 ,pomac5trides1 ,labroids1 ,holconotes1 & ,g]rides1 !y h no real aff9ities ) ^! families4 ,aga91 ! "* assign$ to ?is ord] is n con/ant ev5 9 ! typical ,ph>yngogna?i4 ,i h f\nd ,*romides & ,g]rides ) movable ph>yngeals2 9 ! g5us ,cy*la !y are normally s4 ,x is !re=e n out ( place to /ate "h t ! ,*romides ( ,s\? ,am]ica are 9 reality closely relat$ to a gr\p ( fi%es v g5]ally f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 kn[n z ,pomotis1 ,bryttus1 ,c5tr>*us1 etc41 & usually ref]r$ to ! family ( ,p]*es1 f :i* !y h1 h[ev]1 be5 sep>at$ by ,dr4 ,holbrook "u ! "n ( ,heli*?yoids4 ,!y n only resemble ! ,*romides 9 _! =m1 b ev5 9 _! habits1 mode ( reproduction1 peculi> movem5ts1 & ev5 9 _! coloration4 ,cuvi] has already %[n t ,enoplosus is n a memb] ( ! family ( ,*todonts1 & ,i may n[ add t x is a ne> relative ( ! ,*romides1 & %\ld /& by ! side ( ,pt]ophyllum 9 a natural sy/em4 ,monocirrus ( ,heckel1 :i* ,i consid] z ! type ( a small family "u ! "n ( ,folhid1 is also closely alli$ to ^!1 ?\gh provid$ ) a b>bel1 & %\ld be plac$ ) ,polyc5trus side by side ) ! ,*romides & ,heli*?yoids4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,pt]ophyllum moves is q peculi>4 ,! pr(ile ( ! head & ! ext5d$ ant]ior m>g9 ( ! high dorsal are br\ght on a level1 p>allel to ! surface ( ! wat]1 :5 ! long v5trals & high anal hang d[n v]tically1 & ! fi% progresses sl[ly by ! lat]al beat+ ( ! tail4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ed3 ,,on ,,! ,,x+u1 ,augu/ #bc;d1 #ahfe4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d3--,i am worn out ) fatigue1 b ,i w n g to re/ be=e writ+ y a ^w4 ,ye/]day ev5+ we obta9$ tw5ty-sev5 species ( fi% at ,gurup & ?is morn+ fifty-sev5 at ,porto d ,moz1--eighty-f\r species 9 all1 9 less ?an twelve h\rs1 & ( ?is numb] fifty-"o are new4 ,x is wond]ful4 ,i c no long] put 9 ord] :at is br\ght to me z fa/ z x arrives1 & z to obta9+ color$ draw+s ( all1 x is no long] possible1 unless we pass a :ole week "h on our return4 ,:olly y\rs1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #ee3 ,repres5tations ( ^! hills may be f\nd 9 ! ,atlas ( ,m>tius & 9 ,bates's 8,naturali/ on ! ,amazons40 ,footnote #ef3 ,aft]w>ds ,i made a long] /ay at ,monte ,algre1 & le>n$ to "k its picturesque nooks & dells1 :]e a luxuriant vegetation is wat]$ by delici\s spr+s4 ,i feel t ! above description is sup]ficial2 b ,i let x rema91 z p]fectly true to my fir/ impressions4 ,footnote #eg3 ,i soon became conv9c$ aft] leav+ ,p> t ! faun ( our diff]5t /ations 7 n repetitions ( ea* o!r4 ,on ! contr>y1 at ,breves1 ,tajapur1 ,gurup1--9 %ort1 at ea* /opp+-place1 z has be5 se51--we f\nd ano!r set ( inhabitants 9 ! riv]1 if n :olly diff]5t f ! la/1 at lea/ pres5t+ s _m new species t ! comb9ation 0 no long] ! same4 ,x became at once v important to asc]ta9 :e!r ^! diff]5ces 7 p]man5t & /ation>y1 or 71 9 "p at lea/1 an effect ( migration4 ,i !re=e det]m9$ to di/ribute our =ces 9 su* a way z to keep collect+ p>ties at di/ant po9ts1 & to repeat collections f ! same localities at diff]5t seasons4 ,i pursu$ ?is me?od ( inve/igation dur+ our :ole /ay 9 ! ,amazons1 divid+ ! p>ty = ! fir/ "t at ,sant>em1 :]e ,messrs4 ,dext]1 ,james1 & ,talisman sep>at$ f u to asc5d ! ,tapajoz1 :ile ,mr4 ,b\rget rema9$ at ,sant>em1 & ,i1 ) ! re/ ( my companions1 kept on to ,obydos & ,villa ,bella4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #eh3 ,i 0 especially int]e/$ 9 see+ liv+ ,gymnot9i4 ,i d n "h allude to ! electric ,gymnotus1 already s fully describ$ by ,humboldt t no?+ rema9s to be said ab\t x2 b to ! small] repres5tatives ( t curi\s family1 kn[n z ,c>apus1 ,/]nopygus1 ,/]n>*us & ,rhamphi*?ys4 ,! ,c>apus1 call$ ,s>apos ?r\gh\t ,brazil1 are v num]\s1 & ! mo/ lively ( ! :ole gr\p4 ,_! motions are w9d+ & rapid l ^? ( ! ,eel1 b yet diff]5t1 inasmu* z !y d n glide quickly =w>d1 b1 l ,cobitis & ,petromyzon1 turn frequ5t som]sets & *ange _! direction con/antly4 ,?is is also ! case ) ! ,/]nopygus & ,/]n>*us1 & ev5 ! l>g] & m sl5d] ,rhamphi*?ys h a k9d ( roll+ motion4 ,?\gh ,i _h expect$ to f9d _m ,cypr9odonts1 yet _! great v>iety a/oni%$ me1 & /ill m 0 ,i /ruck by _! resemblance to ,melanura1 ,umbra1 & ! ,ery?r9oids4 ,! pres5ce ( ,belone & alli$ =ms also surpris$ me4 ,our /ay on ! %ores ( ,jos ,ass & ,lago ,maximo 0 p>ticul>ly in/ructive on acc\nt ( ! num]\s specim5s ( ea* species daily br\ght 9 by ,laudigri & ,maia4 ,x af=d$ me a welcome opportunity = /udy+ ! diff]5ces exhibit$ by ^! fi%es at diff]5t p]iods ( life4 ,no type passes1 9 t respect1 ?r\gh great] *anges ?an ! ,*romides1 & among !m ! g5us ,cy*la is p]haps ! mo/ v>iable4 ,i am sure t no i*?yologi/ c\ld at fir/ sight believe t _! "y are really ! e>ly /age ( ! =ms kn[n 9 our i*?yological works z ,cy*la monocolus1 ,cy*la tem5sis1 & ,cy*la saxatilis4 ,! males & females also v>y greatly dur+ ! spawn+ season1 & ! hump on ! top ( ! head describ$ z a specific "* 9 ,cy*la nigro-maculata is a protub]ance only f\nd 9 ! male1 swell+ dur+ ! p]iod ( spawn+ & soon disappe>+4 ,once famili> ) ! "y brood ( "s species ( ,*romides1 x became easy = me to di/+ui% a great v>iety ( small types1 no d\bt hi!rto ov]look$ by naturali/s travell+ 9 ?is region1 simply "u ! impression t !y mu/ be ! "y ( l>g] species4 ,a simil> inve/igation ( ! "y ( ,s]rasalmo1 ,myletes1 ,tetragonopt]us1 ,cynodon1 ,anodus1 c4 l$ me to ! discov]y ( an equally l>ge numb] ( dim9utive types ( ,*>ac9es1 _m ( :i*1 :5 full gr[n1 d n exce$ "o in* 9 l5g?2 among !m are "s ( ! mo/ beautiful fi%es ,i h ev] se51 s f> z ! brilliancy & v>iety ( _! colors are conc]n$4 ,?us ev]y?+ contribut$ to swell ! collections1--! localities select$ z well z ! mode ( inve/igat+4 ,i %\ld add "h1 t1 sev]al ye>s be=e my own j\rney on ! ,amazons1 ,i _h be5 indebt$ to ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,flet*] = a valuable collection ( fi%es f ?is & o!r ,amazonian localities4 ,! famili>ity ?us obta9$ ) !m 0 v useful to me 9 pursu+ my /udies on ! spot4--,l4 ,a4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,life ,,at ,,manaos4--,,voyage ,,f ,,manaos ,,to ,,tabat+a4 ,,arrival ,,at ,,manaos4--,,meet+ ,,( ,,! ,,solimo5s ,,) ,,! ,,rio ,,negro4--,,dome/icat$ ,,at ,,manaos4--,,return ,,( ,,p>ty ,,f ,,! ,,tapajoz4--,,g5]osity ,,( ,,gov]nm5t4--,,walks4--,,wat]-,,c>ri]s4- -,,indian ,,s*ool4--,,leave ,,manaos4--,,life ,,on ,,bo>d ,,! ,,/eam]4--,,b>reira ,,das ,,cudajas4--,,co>i4--,,wood+4--,,appe>an ce ,,( ,,banks4--,,geological ,,con/itution4--,,=e/4--,,sumaumeira-,,t ree4--,,arr[-,,grass4--,,r$ ,,drift ,,cliffs4--,,s&-,,bea*es4--,,indian ,,huts4--,,turtle-,,hunt+4--,,dry+ ,,fi%4--,,teff4--,,d\bts ,,ab\t ,,! ,,j\rney4--,,unexpect$ ,,advis]4--,,fonte ,b,a4--,,geological ,,"* ,,( ,,banks4--,,lakes4--,,flocks ,,( ,,wat] ,,birds4--,,tonant9s4--,,picturesque ,,gr\p+ ,,( ,,indians4--,,san ,,paolo4--,,l&-,,slides4--,,"* ,,( ,,sc5]y4--,,scanty ,,population4--,,animal ,,life4--,,tabat+a4--,,aspect ,,( ,,! ,,settlem5t4--,,mosquitoes4--,,leave ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,p>ty ,,to ,,make ,,collections4--,,on ,,our ,,way ,,d[n ,,! ,,riv]4--,,p>ty ,,to ,,! ,,riv]s ,i,a ,,& ,,hyutahy4--,,agr\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,amazons4--,,arrival ,,at ,,teff4 ,septemb] #e?4--,manaos4 ,ye/]day morn+ we ent]$ ! ,rio ,negro & saw ! meet+ ( its calm1 black wat]s ) ! ru%+ yell[ curr5t ( ! ,amazons1 or ! ,solimo5s1 z ! ,upp] ,amazon is call$4 ,!y are well nam$ by ! ,indians ! 8liv+ & ! dead riv]10 = ! ,solimo5s p\rs itself d[n ^u ! d>k /ream ( ! ,rio ,negro ) su* a vital1 resi/less =ce1 t ! latt] does inde$ seem l a lifeless ?+ by its side4 ,x is true1 t at ?is season1 :5 ! wat] 9 bo? ! riv]s is beg9n+ to subside1 ! ,rio ,negro seems to (f] "s slight resi/ance to ! /rong] riv]2 x /ruggles = a mom5t ) ! impetu\s flood :i* ov]ma/]s x1 &1 ?\gh cr[d$ up aga9/ ! %ore1 cont9ues its c\rse = a little di/ance side by side ) ! ,solimo5s4 ,b at ! season :5 ! wat]s are highe/1 ! latt] closes ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,negro s completely t n a drop ( its inky /ream is se5 to m+le ) ! yell[ wat]s outside4 ,x is suppos$ t at ?is season ! ,rio ,negro s9ks at once "u ! ,solimo5s2 at all ev5ts1 ! latt] fl[s across its m\?1 seem+ to b> x completely4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$1 f ! *ange ( "n1 t ! ,solimo5s is any?+ m ?an ! cont9uation ( ! ,amazons2 j z ! s-call$ riv] ,m>aon is its cont9uation above ,nauta1 aft] cross+ ! ,brazilian fronti]4 ,x is always ! same gigantic /ream1 trav]s+ ! cont95t = its :ole bread?2 b x has receiv$ 9 its l[]1 middle1 & upp] c\rse ! ?ree local names ( ! ,amazons1 ! ,solimo5s1 & ! ,m>aon4 ,at ! po9t :]e ! ,brazilians give x ! "n ( ,solimo5s x takes a sudd5 turn to ! s\?1 j :]e ! ,rio ,negro ent]s x f ! nor?1 s t ! two =m a %>p angle4 ,we l&$ at ,manaos & w5t at once to ! h\se :i* ,major ,c\t9ho1 ) 8 usual =esight1 has provid$ = u4 ,z ! day ( our arrival 0 unc]ta91 ! arrangem5ts 7 n complet$1 & ! h\se 0 entirely empty :5 we ent]$ x4 ,9 ab\t t5 m9utes1 h[ev]1 *airs & tables--br\ght1 ,i believe1 f ! h\se ( a fri5d--made _! appe>ance1 ! rooms 7 promptly furni%$1 & pres5tly assum$ a v cosey & com=table look1 not)/&+ _! brick floors & b>e walls4 ,we h "s pleasant neighbors 9 a family liv+ almo/ next door to u1 old & intimate fri5ds ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o receive u = 8 sake z if we also _h a claim on _! affection4 ,"h we re/ f our w&]+s1 = a week at lea/1 until ! /eam] sails = ,tabat+a4 ,septemb] #i?4--,we h pass$ su* quiet days "h1 s f> z any v>iety ( incid5t is conc]n$1 t !re is little to record4 ,"w has gone on z usual2 ! :ole collection ( fi%es1 made s9ce we left ,p>1 has be5 s repack$ z to leave x 9 read9ess to be %ipp$ = t port4 ,our companions h rejo9$ u on _! return f ! ,tapajoz1 br++ ) !m consid]able collections f t riv] also4 ,!y seem to h enjoy$ _! excursion greatly1 & describe ! riv] z sc>cely inf]ior to ! ,amazons itself 9 bread? & gr&eur1 hav+ wide s&-bea*es :]e ! waves roll 91 :5 ! w9d is high1 almo/ z ^u a sea-%ore4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has done no?+ 9 ! way ( collect+ "h1 ) ! exception ( secur+ su* fi%es z are to be _h 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood2 he res]ves 8 voyage on ! ,rio ,negro = our return4 ,&1 by ! way1 we are met "h by ano!r practical evid5ce ( ! good-w ( ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t4 ,on leav+ ,rio1 ! ,emp]or _h (f]$ ,mr4 ,agassiz ! use ( a small gov]nm5t /eam] to make explorations on ! ,negro & ,madeira riv]s4 ,on our arrival at ,p> he 0 told t ! /eam] _h be5 f\nd to be s mu* out ( repair t %e 0 consid]$ unsafe4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 he suppos$ t we %\ld be oblig$ to resort to ! small boats g5]ally us$4 ,b to-day an (ficial communication in=ms him t1 z ! ,piraja is f\nd n to be s]viceable1 ano!r /eam] w be furni%$1 :i* w meet u at ,manaos on our return f ! ,upp] ,amazons4 ,! foll[+ lett]1 ackn[l$g+ ?is favor1 to ! ,presid5t ( ,p>1 ?r\gh :om x 0 receiv$1 conta9s "s acc\nt ( ! sci5tific results ?us f>1 & may n be un9t]e/+4 ,,manaos1 #h ,septembre1 #ahfe4 ,a ,son ,excell5ce ,m4 ,c\to de ,magalhas1 ,prsid5t du ,p>4 ,,mon ,,*] ,,monsieur3--,je v\s rem]cie inf9im5t de l'aimable lettre que v\s avez eu la bont de m'crire la sema9e d]nire et je m'empresse de v\s faire "p des succs extraord9aires qui cont9u5t c\ronn] nos ef=ts4 ,il e/ c]ta9 ds--prs5t que le nombre des poissons qui peupl5t l',amazone excde de beauc\p t\t ce que l'on avait imag9 jusqu'ici et que leur di/ribution e/ trs limite en totalit1 bi5 qu'il y ait un petit nombre d'espces qui n\s suiv5t depuis ,p> et d'autres p\r une t5due plus ou mo9s considrable4 ,v\s v\s rappelez peut-tre qu'en faisant allusion mes esprances je v\s dis un j\r que je croyais la possibilit de tr\v] deux c5t c9quante trois c5ts espces de poissons dans t\t le bass9 de l',amazone2 et bi5 auj\rd'hui1 mme avant d'avoir fran*i le ti]s du c\rs pr9cipal du fleuve et remont p> ci p> l seulem5t quelques lieues au del de ses bords j'en ai dj obt5u plus de trois c5ts4 ,c'e/ in\2 surt\t si l'on considre que le nombre total connu des naturali/es ne va pas au ti]s de ce que j'ai dj recueilli4 ,ce rsultat laisse pe9e entrevoir ce qu'on dc\vrira un j\r lorsqu'on explor]a avec le mme so9 t\s les afflu5ts du gr& fleuve4 ,ce s]ait une entreprise digne de v\s de faire explor] l',araguay dans t\t son c\rs p\r n\s appr5dre combi5 d'assemblages diff]5ts d'espces di/9ctes se r5contr5t successivem5t depuis ses s\rces jusqu' sa jonction avec le ,tocant9s et plus bas jusqu' l',amazone4 ,v\s avez dj une sorte de proprit sci5tifique sur ce fleuve laquelle v\s aj\t]iez de n\veaux droits en f\rnissant la sci5ce ces r5seignem5ts4 ,p]mettez moi de v\s exprim] t\te ma gratitude p\r l'intrt que v\s pr5ez mon jeune compagnon de voyage4 ,m4 ,w>d le mrite galem5t p> sa gr&e jeunesse1 son c\rage et son dv\em5t la sci5ce4 ,m4 ,epam9ondas vi5t de me faire "p de vos gnreuses int5tions mon g>d et de me dire que v\s v\s proposez d'expdi] un vapeur ,manaos p\r pr5dre la place du ,piraja et facilit] notre exploration du ,rio ,negro et du ,rio ,madeira4 ,je ne sais trop comm5t v\s rem]ci] p\r une p>eille faveur2 t\t ce que je puis v\s dire ds--prs5t c'e/ que cette faveur me p]mettra de faire une exploration de ces fleuves qui me s]ait impossible sans cela4 ,et si le rsultat de ces re*]*es e/ aussi favorable que je l'att5ds1 l'honneur en revi5dra avant t\t la libralit du g\v]nem5t ,brsili54 ,entran p> les rsultats que j'ai obt5us jusqu'ici1 je p5se que si les circon/ances n\s sont favorables en arrivant ,tabat+a1 n\s f]ons une p\sse jusque dans la p>tie infrieure du ,pr\#ei t&is que mes compagnons explor]ont les fleuves int]mdiaires entre cette ville et ,teff2 en sorte que n\s ne s]ons probablem5t pas de ret\r ,manaos avant la f9 du mois d',octobre4 ,agrez1 mon *] ,monsieur1 l'assurance de ma haute consid]ation et de mon p>fait dv\em5t4 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#fj ,!re is little to be said ( ! t[n ( ,manaos4 ,x consi/s ( a small collection ( h\ses1 half ( :i* seem go+ to decay1 & inde$ "o c h>dly help smil+ at ! tumble-d[n edifices1 dignifi$ by ! "n ( public build+s1 ! treasury1 ! legislative hall1 ! po/-(fice1 ! cu/om-h\se1 ! ,presid5t's mansion1 c4 ,! position ( ! city1 h[ev]1 at ! junction ( ! ,rio ,negro1 ! ,amazons1 & ! ,solimo5s1 is comm&+2 &1 insignificant z x looks at pres5t1 ,manaos w no d\bt be a great c5tre ( comm]ce & navigation at "s future "t4#fa ,b :5 we consid] ! va/ ext5t ( l& cov]$ by almo/ imp5etrable =e/ & ! great practical difficulties 9 ! way ( ! settl] "h1 aris+ f ! climate1 ! insects1 ! ob/acles to communication1 ! day seems yet f> di/ant :5 a num]\s population w cov] ! banks ( ! ,amazons1 :5 /eam]s w ply betwe5 its ports z betwe5 ^? ( ! ,mississippi1 & :5 all nations w %>e 9 ! ri* products ( its valley4#fb ,"o ( my greate/ pleasures 9 ,manaos has be5 to walk t[>d ! neighbor+ =e/ at nightfall1 & see ! wat]-c>ri]s1 ,indian & negro1 com+ d[n f ! n>r[ pa?ways ) _! great r$ e>!n j>s on _! heads4 ,!y make q a procession at morn+ & ev5+2 = ! riv] wat] is n consid]$ good1 & ! t[n is *iefly suppli$ f pools & little /reamlets 9 ! woods4 ,_m ( ^! pools1 v prettily situat$ & emb[]$ 9 trees1 are us$ z ba?+-places2 "o1 :i* is q l>ge & deep1 is a special favorite2 x has be5 ?at*$ ov] ) palm1 & has also a little ?at*$ %$ adjo9+1 to s]ve z a dress+-room4 ,ye/]day we pass$ an int]e/+ morn+ at a s*ool = ,indian *ildr5 a little way out ( ! city4 ,we 7 a/oni%$ at ! aptness !y %[$ = ! arts ( civilization s uncong5ial to our ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians3 x rem9d$ "o t !y are ! successors1 on ! same soil1 ( ! races :o f\nd$ ! anci5t civilizations ( ,p]u & ,mexico1 s mu* beyond any social organization kn[n to h exi/$ among ! m nor!rn tribes4 ,9 "o room !y 7 turn+ out v nice pieces ( furniture1--*airs1 tables1 book-/&s1 c41 ) a numb] ( small] articles1 su* z rul]s & pap]-knives4 ,9 ano!r room !y 7 work+ 9 iron1 9 ano!r mak+ f9e fancy articles ( /raw4 ,besides ^! trades1 !y are taught to read1 write1 & ciph]1 & to play on v>i\s musical in/rum5ts4 ,= music !y are said to h1 l ! negro1 a natural aptitude4 ,9 ! ma9 build+ 7 ! s*ool-rooms1 dormitories1 /ore-rooms1 kit*51 c4 ,we 7 !re j at ! breakfa/ h\r1 & _h ! satisfaction ( see+ !m sit d[n to a he>ty meal1 consi/+ ( a l>ge portion ( bread & butt] & a g5]\s b[l ( c(fee4 ,i c\ld n help contra/+ ! expression ( ^! boys1 :5 !y 7 all collect$1 ) t ( a numb] ( negro *ildr5 assembl$ toge!r2 ! latt] always s jolly & c>eless1 ! =m] %y1 s]i\s1 almo/ sombre4 ,!y look$1 h[ev]1 v intellig5t1 & we 7 told t ^? ( pure ,indian desc5t 7 m s ?an ! half-bre$s4 ,! s*ool is support$ by ! prov9ce1 b ! fund is small1 & ! numb] ( pupils is v limit$4 ,our pleasure 9 ?is s*ool 0 some:at m>r$ by he>+ t1 ?\gh x purports to be an orphan asylum1 *ildr5 :o h p>5ts loa? to "p ) !m are sometimes tak5 by =ce f ! wild ,indian tribes to be educat$ "h4 ,! appe>ance ( a d>k cell1 b>r$ up l ! cell ( a wild animal1 :i* 0 us$ z a prison = refractory s*ol>s1 r confirm$ ?is impression4 ,:5ev] ,i h made inquiries ab\t ^! reports1 ,i h be5 answ]$1 t1 if su* cases occur1 x is only :]e *ildr5 are tak5 f an utt]ly savage & degrad$ condition1 & t x is bett] !y %\ld be civiliz$ by ma9 =ce ?an n civiliz$ at all4 ,x may be d\bt$1 h[ev]1 :e!r any provid5ce b ! provid5ce ( ,god is s wise & s lov+ t x may safely ex]cise a compulsory *>ity4 ,speak+ ( ! education ( ! ,indians rem9ds me t we h be5 =tunate en\gh to meet a ,fr5* padre "h :o has furni%$ ,mr4 ,agassiz ) a package ( simple elem5t>y ,portuguese books1 :i* he has already s5t to our lit]>y ,indian fri5d1 ,jos ,maia4 ,?is k9d prie/ (f]s also to take ! boy1 = :om ,maia 0 s anxi\s to secure an education1 into ! sem9>y ( :i* he is director1 & :]e he receives *>ity s*ol>s4 ,septemb] #ab?4--,on ,sunday we left ,manaos 9 ! /eam] = ,tabat+a1 & are aga9 on our way up ! riv]4 ,i ins]t "h a lett] :i* gives a sort ( rsum ( ! sci5tific "w up to ?is mom5t1 & %[s also h[ con/antly we 7 att5d$ by ! good-w ( ! employs on ! ,amazonian l9e ( /eam]s1 & t ( _! excell5t director1 ,mr4 ,pim5ta ,bu5o4 ,,manaos1 #h ,septembre1 #ahfe4 ,s5hor ,pim5ta ,bu5o4 ,,mon ,,*] ,,ami3--,v\s s]ez probablem5t surpris de recevoir seulem5t quelques lignes de moi aprs le temps qui s'e/ c\l depuis ma d]nire lettre4 ,le fait e/ que depuis ,obydos je suis all de surprise en surprise et que j'ai pe9e eu le temps de pr5dre so9 des collections que n\s avons faites1 sans p\voir les tudi] conv5ablem5t4 ,c'e/ a9si que p5dant le sema9e que n\s avons passe dans les environs de ,villa ,bella1 au ,lago ,jos ,ass et ,lago ,maximo1 n\s avons recueilli c5t quatre-v+ts espces de poissons dont les deux ti]s au mo9s sont n\velles et ceux de mes compagnons qui sont re/s ,sant>em et dans le ,tapajoz en ont rapport une c9quanta9e1 ce qui fait dj bi5 au del de trois c5ts espces en comptant celles de ,porto d ,moz1 de ,gurup1 de ,tajapur et de ,monte ,algre4 ,v\s voyez qu'avant mme d'avoir p>c\ru le ti]s du c\rs de l',amazone1 le nombre des poissons e/ plus du triple de celui de t\tes les espces connues jusqu' ce j\r1 et je comm5ce m'ap]cevoir que n\s ne f]ons qu'effleur] la surface du c5tre de ce gr& bass94 ,que s]a-ce lorsqu'on p\rra tudi] loisir et dans l'poque la plus favorable t\s ses afflu5ts4 ,aussi je pr5ds ds--prs5t la rsolution de faire de plus nombreuses /ations dans la p>tie suprieure du fleuve et de prolong] mon sj\r aussi long-temps que mes =ces me le p]mettront4 ,ne croyez pas cep5dant que j'oublie qui je dois un p>eil succs4 ,c'e/ v\s qui m'avez mis sur la voie en me faisant connatre les ress\rces de la fret et mieux encore en me f\rnissant les moy5s d'en tir] p>ti4 ,m]ci1 mille fois1 m]ci4 ,je dois aussi t5ir gr& compte de l'assi/ance que m'ont f\rnie les ag5ts de la compagnie sur t\s les po9ts o n\s avons t\*4 ,notre aimable comm&ant s'e/ galem5t v]tu1 et p5dant que j'explorais les lacs des environs de ,villa ,bella il a fait lui-mme une trs belle collection dans l',amazone mme1 o il a recueilli de nombreuses petites espces que les pe*eurs nglig5t t\j\rs4 ,a l'arrive du ,belem1 j'ai reu votre aimable lettre et une p>tie de l'alcohol que j'avais dem& ,m4 ,bond4 ,je lui cris auj\rd'hui p\r qu'il m'en envoie encore une p>tie ,teff et plus t>d davantage ,manaos4 ,je v\s rem]cie p\r le catalogue des poissons du ,p>2 je v\s le re/itu]ai notre ret\r1 avec les additions que je f]ai p5dant le re/e du voyage4 ,adieu1 mon *] ami4 ,t\t v\s1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#fc ,al?\gh no long] on bo>d an indep5d5t /eam]1 we are /ill ! gue/s ( ! company1 hav+ gov]nm5t passages4 ,no?+ c be m com=table ?an ! travell+ on ^! ,amazonian boats4 ,!y are clean & well kept1 ) good-siz$ /ate-rooms1 :i* mo/ p]sons use1 h[ev]1 only z dress+-rooms1 s9ce x is always m agreeable to sleep on ! op5 deck 9 "o's hammock4 ,! table is v well kept1 ! f>e good1 ?\gh n v>i$4 ,bread is ! greate/ defici5cy1 b h>d biscuit makes a tol]able sub/itute4 ,our life is aft] ?is fa%ion4 ,we turn out ( our hammocks at dawn1 g d[n /airs to make our toilets1 & h a cup ( hot c(fee bel[4 ,by ?is "t ! decks are g5]ally wa%$ & dri$1 ! hammocks remov$1 & we c g above aga94 ,betwe5 !n & ! breakfa/ h\r1 at half pa/ t5 o'clock1 ,i g5]ally /udy ,portuguese1 ?\gh my lessons are some:at int]rupt$ by wat*+ ! %ore & ! trees1 a con/ant temptation :5 we are coa/+ along ne> ! banks4 ,at half pa/ t5 or elev5 o'clock breakfa/ is s]v$1 & aft] t ! gl>e ( ! sun becomes try+1 & ,i usually desc5d to ! cab91 :]e we make up our j\rnals1 & write dur+ ! middle ( ! day4 ,at ?ree o'clock ,i consid] t ! work+ h\rs are ov]1 & !n ,i take a book & sit 9 my l\ng+-*air on deck1 & wat* ! sc5]y1 & ! birds & ! turtles1 & ! alligators if !re are any1 & am lazy 9 a g5]al way4 ,at five o'clock d9n] is s]v$1 7! meals be+ always on deck17 & aft] t beg9s ! delight ( ! day4 ,at t h\r x gr[s delici\sly cool1 ! sunsets are always beautiful1 & we g to ! =w>d deck & sit !re till n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,!n comes tea1 & !n to our hammocks2 ,i sleep 9 m9e mo/ pr(\ndly till morn+4 ,to-day we /opp$ at a small /ation on ! nor? side ( ! riv] call$ ,b>reira das ,cudajas4 ,! few h\ses /& on a bank ( r$ drift1 slightly /ratifi$ 9 "s p>ts1 & af=d+ a support = ! riv]-mud1 %or$ up aga9/ x4 ,s9ce !n1 9 our progress1 we h se5 ! same =mation 9 sev]al localities4 ,septemb] #ac?4--,?is morn+ ! /eam] dropp$ an*or at ! little t[n ( ,co>i on ! ,co>i ,riv]1--"o ( ! riv]s ( black wat]4 ,we 7 deta9$ at ?is place = "s h\rs1 tak+ 9 wood2 s sl[ a process "h1 t an ,am]ican1 accu/om$ to ! rapid me?ods ( "w at home1 looks on 9 incr$ul\s a/oni%m5t4 ,a crazy old canoe1 ) its load ( wood1 creeps out f ! %ore1 ! sl[ness ( its advance acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ( its two r[]s "o has a brok5 paddle1 ! o!r a long /ick1 to s]ve z apologies = o>s4 ,:5 ! boat rea*es ! side ( ! /eam]1 a l9e ( m5 is =m$ "s eight or t5 9 numb]1 & ! wood is pass$ f h& to h&1 log by log1 ea* log c\nt$ z x arrives4 ,mr4 ,agassiz tim$ !m ?is morn+1 & f\nd t !y av]ag$ ab\t sev5 logs a m9ute4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 "o c und]/& t /opp+ to wood is a long affair4 ,s9ce we left ,co>i we h be5 coa/+ along close to ! l&1 ! cont95tal %ore1 & n t ( an isl&4 ,! isl&s are s l>ge & num]\s 9 ! ,amazons1 t (t5 :5 we believe ourselves betwe5 ! nor!rn & s\!rn m>g9s ( ! riv]1 we are 9 fact betwe5 isl& %ores4 ,we h foll[$ ! drift almo/ con/antly to-day1--! same r$ drift ) :i* we h become s famili> 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,sometimes x rises 9 cliffs & banks above ! mud deposit1 sometimes x crops out ?r\gh ! mud1 occasionally m+l+ ) x & p>tially /ratifi$1 & 9 "o locality x ov]laid a gray rock 9 place1 ! nature ( :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz c\ld n det]m9e1 b :i* 0 di/9ctly /ratifi$ & slightly tilt$4 ,! drift is c]ta9ly m conspicu\s z we asc5d ! riv]2 is ?is because we approa* its s\rce1 or because ! nature ( ! vegetation all[s u to see m ( ! soil8 ,s9ce we left ,manaos ! =e/ has be5 less luxuriant2 x is l[] on ! ,solimo5s ?an on ! ,amazons1 m ragg$ & m op54 ,! palms are also less num]\s ?an hi!rto1 b !re is a tree "h :i* rivals !m 9 dignity4 ,its flat dome1 r\nd$ b n conical1 t[]s above ! =e/1 &1 :5 se5 f a di/ance1 has an almo/ ar*itectural "*1 s regul> is its =m4 ,?is maje/ic tree1 call$ ! ,sumaumeira 7,eriod5dron ,sumauma71 is "o ( ! few trees 9 ?is climate :i* %$ _! leaves p]iodically1 & n[ x lifts its broad r\nd$ summit above ! gre5 mass ( vegetation ar\nd x1 q b>e ( foliage4 ,symmetrical z x is1 ! bran*es are greatly ramifi$ & v knotty4 ,! b>k is :ite4 ,x w\ld seem t ! season approa*es :5 ! ,sumaumeiras %\ld take on _! gre5 g>b aga91 = a few are already beg9n+ to put out "y leaves4 ,beside ?is giant ( ! =e/1 ! ,imbauba 7,cecropia71 mu* l[] "h1 h[ev]1 ?an 9 ,s\!rn ,brazil1 & ! ,taxi1 ) its :ite fl[]s & br[n buds1 are v conspicu\s along ! banks4 ,close ^u ! %ore ! arr[-grass1 "s five or six feet 9 height1 gr[s 9 quantity2 x is call$ 8frexas0 "h1 be+ us$ by ! ,indians to make _! arr[s4 ,septemb] #ad?4--,= ! la/ day or two ! %ore has be5 high] ?an we h se5 x s9ce leav+ ,manaos4 ,we con/antly pass cliffs ( r$ drift ) a %all[ bea* ( mud deposit re/+ aga9/ !m2 n infrequ5tly a gray rock1 some:at l clay slate1 crops out bel[ ! drift2 ?is rock is v di/9ctly /ratifi$1 tilt+ sometimes to ! we/1 sometimes to ! ea/1 always uncon=mable ) ! ov]ly+ drift4#fd ,! color ( ! drift *anges occasionally1 be+ sometimes ne>ly :ite 9 ?is neighborhood in/ead ( r$4 ,we are com+ n[ to t "p ( ! ,amazons :]e ! wide s&-bea*es occur1 ! bre$+-places ( ! turtles & alligators4 ,x is n yet q ! season = ga!r+ ! turtle-eggs1 mak+ ! turtle-butt]1 c41 b we frequ5tly see ! ,indian huts on ! bea*es1 & _! /akes set up = spread+ & dry+ fi%1 :i* is "o ( ! great articles ( comm]ce "h4 ,?is morn+ we h pass$ sev]al h\rs (f ! t[n ( ,ega1 or ,teff z ! ,brazilians call x4 ,x takes its "n f ! riv] ,teff1 b ! t[n itself /&s on a small lake1 =m$ by ! riv] j be=e x jo9s ! ,amazons4 ,! entrance to ! lake1 :i* is brok5 by a numb] ( little *annels or ig>aps1 & ! approa* to ! t[n1 are exce$+ly pretty4 ,! t[n itself1 ) a wide bea* 9 front1 /&+ on ! slope ( a gre5 hill1 :]e %eep & cattle1 a r>e sight 9 ?is region1 are graz+1 looks v invit+4 ,we exam9$ x ) int]e/1 = "s ( ! p>ty at lea/ w return to ?is /ation = ! purpose ( mak+ collections4 ,septemb] #ae?4--,= ! la/ two or ?ree days we h be5 hold+ frequ5t discussions z to ! be/ disposition ( our =ces aft] rea*+ ,tabat+a2--a s\rce ( great anxiety to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 ! "t we h to sp5d be+ s %ort1 & ! subjects ( inve/igation s v>i\s & s important4 ,%\ld he give up ! idea ( cont9u+1 9 p]son1 8 /udy ( ! fi%es 9 ! upp] ,amazons1 leav+ only "s p>ties to make collections1 & go+ himself into ,p]u1 to visit at lea/ ! fir/ spur ( ! ,&es1 ) ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ :e!r any ve/iges ( glaci]s are to be f\nd 9 ! valleys1 & also ( mak+ a collection ( fi%es f ! m\nta9 /reams2 or %\ld he r5\nce ! j\rney into ,p]u = ! pres5t1 &1 mak+ a /ation some:]e 9 ?is region = ! next mon? or two1 complete1 z f> z may be1 8 inve/igation ( ! di/ribution & developm5t ( fi%es 9 ! ,solimo5s8 ,_h ! result ( ! ,p]uvian j\rney be5 m c]ta91 ! decision w\ld h be5 easi]2 b x is m ?an likely t ! torr5tial ra9s ( ?is latitude h decompos$ ! surface & swept away all traces ( glaci]s1 if !y ev] exi/$ at s l[ a level4 ,to g on1 !re=e1 seem$ a little l giv+ up a c]ta9 = an unc]ta9 result4 ,e>ne/ly desir\s ( mak+ ! be/ use ( 8 "t & opportunities "h1 ?is d\bt has di/urb$ ,mr4 ,agassiz's wak+ & sleep+ ?\ghts = sev]al days pa/4 ,ye/]day morn+1 at ,teff1 a mo/ unexpect$ advis] appe>$ 9 ! mid/ ( our c\ncil ( w>4 ,insignificant 9 size1 ?is individual1 nev]!less1 br\ght great weight to ! decision4 ,! intrud] 0 a small fi% ) 8 m\? full ( "y ones4 ,! practical plea 0 irresi/ible1--embryology c>ri$ ! day4 ,a *ance ( inve/igat+ s extraord9>y a process ( developm5t1 n only 9 ?is species b 9 sev]al o!rs said to re> _! "y 9 ! same fa%ion1 0 n to be ?r[n away2 &1 besides1 !re 0 ! prospect ( mak+ a collection & a s]ies ( color$ draw+s1 f ! life1 ( ! imm5se v>iety ( fi%es 9 ! riv] & lake ( ,teff1 & p]haps ( /udy+ ! embryology ( ! turtles & alligators 9 _! bre$+ season4 ,mr4 ,agassiz1 !re=e1 decides to return to ,teff ) 8 arti/ & two or ?ree o!r assi/ants1 & to make a /ation !re = a mon? at lea/1 leav+ ,mr4 ,b\rget1 ) our ,indian fi%]man1 at ,tabat+a to collect 9 t region1 & s5d+ ,mr4 ,james & ,mr4 ,talisman to ! riv] ,putumayo1 or ,ia1 & aft]w>ds to ! ,hyutahy = ! same purpose4 ,?is disp]sion ( p>ties to collect simultane\sly 9 diff]5t areas1 divid$ f ea* o!r by consid]able di/ances1 w %[ h[ ! fi%es are di/ribut$1 & :e!r _! comb9ations diff] 9 ^! localities z !y h be5 f\nd to d 9 ! ,l[] ,amazons4 ,i ins]t "h a lett] to ! ,emp]or on ! subject ( ?is curi\s fi%1 :i* happ5$ to be "o :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz _h =m]ly d$icat$ to him4 ,,teff1 #ad ,septembre1 #ahfe4 ,,sire3--,en arrivant ici ce mat9 j'ai eu la surprise la plus agrable et la plus inatt5due4 ,le premi] poisson qui me fut apport tait l',ac>a que votre ,maje/ a bi5 v\lu me p]mettre de lui ddi] et p> un bonheur in\ c'tait l'poque de la ponte et il avait la b\*e ple9e de petits vivants1 en voie de dveloppem5t4 ,voil donc le fait le plus incroyable en embryologie ple9em5t confirm1 et il ne me re/e plus qu' tudi] en detail et loisir t\s les *angem5ts que subiss5t ces petits jusqu'au mom5t o ils quitt5t leur s+uli] nid1 af9 que je puisse publi] un rcit complet de cette s+ulire hi/oire4 ,mes prvisions sur la di/ribution des poissons se confirm5t2 le fleuve e/ habit p> plusieurs faunes i*?yologiques trs di/9ctes1 qui n'ont p\r li5 commun qu'un trs petit nombre d'espces qu'on r5contre p>t\t4 ,il re/e ma9t5ant prcis] les limites de ces rgions i*?yologiques et peut-tre me laiss]ai-je entran] consacr] quelque temps cette tude1 si je tr\ve les moy5s d'y p>v5ir4 ,il y a ma9t5ant une "q qui devi5t =t intressante1 c'e/ de savoir jusqu' quel po9t le mme phnomne se reproduit dans *acun des gr&s afflu5ts du ,rio ,amazonas1 ou en d'autres t]mes si les poissons des rgions suprieures du ,rio ,madeira et du ,rio ,negro1 etc41 etc41 sont les mmes que ceux du c\rs infrieur de ces fleuves4 ,quant la div]sit mme des poissons du bass9 t\t enti] mes prvisions sont de beauc\p dpasses4 ,avant d'arriv] ,manaos j'avais dj recueilli plus de trois c5ts espces1 c4 4 d4 le triple des espces connues jusqu' ce j\r au mo9s4 ,la moiti environ out pu tre pe9tes sur le vivant p> ,m4 ,burkh>dt2 en sorte que si je puis p>v5ir publi] t\s ces docum5ts1 les r5seignem5ts que je p\rrai f\rnir sur ce sujet dpass]ont de beauc\p t\t ce que l'on a publi jusqu' ce j\r4 ,je s]ais bi5 heureux d'appr5dre que ,votre ,maje/ n'a pas r5contr de difficults dans son voyage et qu',elle a atte9t ple9em5t le b qu',elle se proposait4 ,n\s sommes ici sans n\velles du ,sud1 depuis que n\s avons quitt ,rio1 et t\t ce que n\s avions appris alors tait qu'aprs une trav]se assez orageuse votre ,maje/ avait atte9t le ,rio ,gr&e4 ,que ,dieu protge et bnisse votre ,maje/6 ,avec les s5tim5ts du plus pr(ond respect et de la reconnaissance la plus vive1 ,je suis de votre ,maje/ le trs humble et trs obissant s]viteur1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#fe ,! "* ( ! banks ye/]day & to-day cont9ues un*ang$2 !y are r high1 ris+ n[ & !n 9 bluffs & pres5t+ ! same mixture ( r$di% drift & mud deposit1 ) ! gray1 slaty rock bel[1 cropp+ out occasionally4 ,?is morn+ we are /opp+ to wood at a /ation opposite ! village ( ,fonte ,ba4 ,"h ,mr4 ,agassiz has _h an opportunity ( go+ on %ore & exam9+ ?is =mation4 ,he f9ds a ?ick b$ ( f]rug9\s s&/one und]ly+ a numb] ( ?9n] b$s ( mud clay1 resembl+ old clay slate ) cleavage4 ,^! b$s are ov]laid by a bank ( o*re-color$ s&y clay 7designat$ z drift above71 ) h>dly any signs ( /ratification4 ,ye/]day we pass$ sev]al lakes1 %ut out f ! riv] by mud-b>s1 & seem+ly haunt$ by wat]f[l4 ,9 "o we saw imm5se flocks ( :at look$ at t di/ance ei!r l r$ ,ibises or r$ spoonbills1 & also numb]s ( gulls4 ,our sportsm5 look$ long+ly at !m1 & are impati5t = ! "t :5 we %all be settl$ on l&1 & !y c beg9 to make havoc among ! birds4 ,septemb] #ag?4--,la/ ev5+ we took 9 wood f ! %ore "s miles bel[ ! t[n ( ,tonant9s4 ,i sat wat*+ ! ,indians on ! bank1 ( :om !re 7 "s fifte5 or tw5ty1 m51 wom51 & *ildr52 ! m5 load+ ! wood1 ! wom5 & *ildr5 be+ !re app>5tly to look on4 ,!y _h built a fire on ! bank1 & hung _! nets or cotton t5ts1 "u :i* !y sleep1 on ! trees beh9d4 ,!y made a wild gr\p1 pass+ to & fro 9 ! light ( ! fire1 ! c>e ( :i* seem$ ! special *>ge ( a tall1 gaunt1 weird-look+ woman1 :o w\ld h made a good ,meg ,m]rilies4 ,%e seem$ to h b "o g>m5t1--a long1 br[n1 /uff robe1 girt r\nd ! wai/2 z %e /rode ab\t ! fire1 ?r[+ on fre% logs & /irr+ ! dy+ emb]s1 ! flames blaz$ up 9 h] face1 light+ h] tawny sk9 & long1 unkempt hair1 flick]+ ov] ! figures ( wom5 & *ildr5 ab\t h]1 & %$d+ a w>m gl[ ov] ! =e/ :i* made ! sett+ to ! picture4 ,?is is ! only v tall ,indian woman ,i h se52 usually ! wom5 are r %ort ( /ature4 ,:5 ! ,indians _h made _! prep>ations = ! night1 !y heap$ damp fuel on ! fire till x sm\ld]$ d[n & ?rew out ?ick cl\ds ( smoke1 envelop+ ! sleep+-t5ts1 & no d\bt driv+ (f effectually ! cl\ds ( mosquitoes1 f :i* ! natives seem z great suff]]s z /rang]s4 ,^! upp] /ations on ! ,amazons are haunt$ by sw>ms ( mosquitoes at night1 & dur+ ! day by a little bit+ fly call$ ,pium1 no less annoy+4 ,septemb] #ah?4--,ano!r pause la/ ev5+ at ! village ( ,san ,paolo1 /&+ on a ridge :i* rises q /eeply f ! riv] & s9ks aga9 into a rav9e beh9d4 ,?r\gh\t all ?is region ! banks are eat5 away by ! riv]1 l>ge portions fall+ into ! wat] at a "t1 & c>ry+ ! trees ) !m4 ,^! l&-slides are s frequ5t & s ext5sive z to make travell+ along ! banks 9 small boats q dang]\s4 ,! sc5]y ( ! ,solimo5s is by no means s int]e/+ z t ( ! ,l[] ,amazons4 ,! banks are ragg$ & brok51 ! =e/ l[]1 less luxuriant1 & ! palm gr[? v fitful4 ,= a day or two pa/ we h sc>cely se5 any palms4 ,"o k9d seems common1 h[ev]1 namely1 ! ,paxiuba ,b>riguda--,pa-%ee-oo-ba 7,iri>tea v5tricosa71 a species n unlike ! ,assai 9 dignity ( port1 b rem>kable = ! swell+ ( its /em at half height1 giv+ x a sort ( sp9dle %ape4 ,! cut ( ! foliage is peculi> also1 ea* leaflet be+ w$ge-%ap$4 ,! /eam] is (t5 n[ betwe5 ! %ores ( ! riv] itself in/ead ( coa/+ along by ! _m lovely isl&s :i* make ! voyage betwe5 ,p> & ,manaos s div]sifi$2 :at is ?us ga9$ 9 dim5sions is lo/ 9 picturesqu5ess ( detail4 ,!n ! elem5t ( human life & habitations is utt]ly want+2 "o (t5 travels = a day )\t meet+ ev5 s mu* z a hut4 ,b if m5 are n to be se51 animals are c]ta9ly pl5ty2 z our /eam] puffs along1 great flocks ( birds rise up f ! %ore1 turtles pop _! black noses out ( ! wat]1 alligators %[ !mselves occasionally1 & sometimes a troop ( br[n ,capiv>i scuttles up ! bank1 tak+ refuge 9 ! trees at our approa*4 ,to-morr[ morn+ we rea* ,tabat+a1 & t\* ! f>!/ po9t ( our j\rney4 ,septemb] #bj?4--,on ,monday ev5+ we arriv$ at ,tabat+a1 rema9+ !re till ,w$nesday morn+ to dis*>ge ! c>go1--a l5g?y process1 ) ! ,brazilian me?od ( work+4 ,tabat+a is ! fronti] t[n betwe5 ,brazil & ,p]u1 & is dignifi$ by ! "n ( a milit>y /ation1 ?\gh :5 "o looks at ! two or ?ree small m\nt$ guns on ! bank1 ! mud h\se beh9d !m con/itut+ b>racks1 ) half a doz5 soldi]s l\ng+ 9 front ( x1 "o _c b ?9k t ! =tification is n a v =midable "o4#ff ,! t[n itself /&+ on a mud bluff1 deeply rav9$ & crack$ 9 _m directions1 consi/s ( "s doz5 ru9\s h\ses built ar\nd an op5 squ>e4 ,( ! inhabitants ,i saw b little1 = x 0 t[>d ev5+ :5 ,i w5t on %ore1 & !y 7 already driv5 "u %elt] by ! mosquitoes4 ,"o or two look$ out f _! doors & gave me a fri5dly w>n+ n to proce$ unless ,i 0 prep>$ to be dev\r$1 & inde$ ! buzz+ sw>m ab\t me soon drove me back to ! /eam]4 ,! mosquitoes by night & ! ,piums by day are said to r5d] life almo/ intol]able "h4 ,"u ^! circum/ances we c\ld =m little idea ( ! "* ( ! vegetation 9 our %ort /ay4 ,b we made ! acqua9tance ( "o curi\s palm1 ! ,tucum1 a species ( ,a/roc>yum1 ! fibre ( :i* makes an excell5t mat]ial = weav+ hammocks1 fi%+-nets1 & ! l4 ,x is gradually becom+ an important article ( comm]ce4 ,! approa* to ,tabat+a1 ) two or ?ree isl&s 9 ! neighborhood1 num]\s ig>aps op5+ out ( ! riv]1 & ! ,hyav>y empty+ into x1 is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! prettie/ p>ts ( ! ,solimo5s4 ,we f\nd "h f\r memb]s ( a ,spani% sci5tific commission1 :o h be5 travell+ sev]al ye>s 9 ,s\? & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 & ^: track we h cross$ sev]al times )\t meet+ !m4 ,!y welcom$ ! arrival ( ! /eam] ) delight1 hav+ await$ _! release at ,tabat+a = two or ?ree weeks4 ,! p>ty consi/$ ( ,drs4 ,almagro1 ,spada1 ,m>t9ez1 & ,is]n4 ,!y _h j accompli%$ an adv5tur\s j\rney1 hav+ desc5d$ ! ,napo on a raft1 :i* _! l>ge collection ( live animals _h turn$ into a sort ( ,noah's ark4 ,aft] v>i\s risks & exposures !y _h arriv$ at ,tabat+a1 hav+ lo/ almo/ all _! clo?+1 except :at !y wore1 by %ipwreck4 ,=tunately1 _! pap]s & collections 7 sav$4#fg ,we are n[ on our way d[n ! riv] aga91 hav+ left ,mr4 ,b\rget at ,tabat+a to pass a mon? 9 mak+ collections 9 t region1 & dropp$ ,mr4 ,james & ,mr4 ,talisman la/ ev5+ at ,san ,paolo1 :]e !y are to get a canoe & ,indians = _! fur!r j\rney to ! ,ia4 ,?is morn+1 :ile /opp+ to wood at ,fonte ,ba1 ,mr4 ,agassiz w5t on %ore & collect$ a v int]e/+ s]ies ( fossil plants 9 ! l[] mud deposit2 he 0 also v successful 9 mak+ a small collection ( fi%es1 conta9+ sev]al new species1 dur+ ! few h\rs we pass$ at ?is place4 ,septemb] #be?4--,teff4 ,on ,friday1 ! day aft] my la/ date1 we 7 )9 two or ?ree h\rs ( ,teff2 we _h j f9i%$ pack+ our v>i\s effects1 & 7 clos+ our lett]s to be mail$ f ,manaos1 :5 ! /eam] came to a sudd5 pause ) t dead1 sull51 in/antane\s /op :i* means mis*ief4 ,! ord] to rev]se ! eng9es 0 giv5 in/antly1 b we _h driv5 ) all our =ce into ! b$ ( ! riv]1 & !re we rema9$1 motionless4 ,?is is sometimes r a s]i\s accid5t at ! season :5 ! wat]s are fall+1 /eam]s hav+ be5 occasionally /r&$ = a numb] ( weeks4 ,x is n easily gu>d$ aga9/1 ! riv] bottom *ang+ s con/antly & s sudd5ly t ev5 ! mo/ exp]i5c$ pilots _c always avoid disa/]4 ,!y may pass ) p]fect safety 9 _! upw>d voyage ov] a place :]e1 on _! return1 !y f9d a =midable bank ( mud4 ,dur+ ?ree h\rs ! crew work$ ineffectually1 try+ to back ! /eam] (f1 or s9k+ ! an*or at a di/ance to drag h] back ^u x4 ,at five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ! sky began to look black & l[]+1 & pres5tly a viol5t squall1 ) ?und] & ra91 broke ^u u4 ,! w9d did1 9 an in/ant1 :at man & /eam toge!r _h fail$ to d 9 h\rs4 ,z ! squall /ruck ! /eam] on h] side1 %e vibrat$1 ve]$ & float$ free4 ,!re 0 a g5]al /ir ( delight at ?is sudd5 & unexpect$ lib]ation1 = ! delay 0 s]i\s to all4 ,"o or two ( ! pass5g]s 7 m]*ants1 to :om x 0 important to meet ! /eam] ( ! #be? at ,manaos1 :i* connects ) o!r /eam]s all along ! coa/2 & ! memb]s ( ! ,spani% sci5tific commission1 if !y c\ld n at once transf] _! effects to ! o!r /eam]1 w\ld n only miss ! next ,european /eam]1 b mu/ be at ! exp5se & c>e ( /or+ _! v>i\s luggage & ma9ta9+ _! live /ock at ,manaos = a =tnight4 ,& la/ly1 to ,mr4 ,agassiz himself x 0 a s]i\s disappo9tm5t to lose two or ?ree days out ( ! preci\s mon? = inve/igations at ,teff4 ,!re=e1 e face beam$ :5 ! k9dly %ock ( ! w9d set u afloat aga92 b ! "w1 s va9ly sp5t to release u1 0 b too effici5t 9 keep+ u prison]s4 ,! an*or1 :i* _h be5 sunk 9 ! mud at "s di/ance1 0 s deeply buri$ t x 0 difficult to raise x1 & 9 ! ef=t to d s we gr\nd$ aga94 ,inde$1 environ$ z we 7 by mud & s&1 x 0 no easy matt] to f9d a *annel out ( !m4 ,we n[ rema9$ motionless all night1 ?\gh ! ,capta9 0 unremitt+ 9 8 ef=ts & kept ! m5 at "w till morn+1 :51 at ab\t sev5 o'clock1 ! boat work$ h]self free at la/1 & we ?\ght our tr\bles fairly ov]4 ,b ! old prov]b 8,!re's _m a slip #8twixt ! cup & ! lip0 nev] 0 tru]2 on />t+ once m we f\nd t1 9 ! /ra9 & %ock to :i* ! %ip _h be5 submitt$1 ! rudd] 0 brok54 ,9 view ( ?is new disa/]1 ! pass5g]s = ,p> gave up all hope ( meet+ ! /eam] at ,manaos1 & ! re/ resign$ !mselves to wait+ ) su* philosophy z !y c\ld mu/]4 ,! :ole ( t day & ! foll[+ night 7 sp5t 9 rigg+ up a new rudd]1 & x 0 n until eight o'clock on ,sunday morn+ t we 7 once m on our way1 arriv+ at ,teff at elev5 o'clock4 ----- ,footnote #ei3 ,z w be se5 h]eaft]1 want ( "t & ! engross+ "* ( 8 "w 9 ! ,amazons1 compell$ ,mr4 ,agassiz to r5\nce ! j\rney into ,p]u1 z also ! asc5t ( ! riv] ,madeira4 ,footnote #fj3 ,to ,8 ,excell5cy ,m4 ,c\to de ,magalhas1 ,presid5t ( ,p>4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir3--,i ?ank y s9c]ely = ! k9d lett] y 7 s good z to write me la/ week1 & ,i ha/5 to in=m y ( ! extraord9>y success :i* cont9ues to cr[n our ef=ts4 ,x is c]ta9 f ?is "t =?1 t ! numb] ( fi%es inhabit+ ! ,amazons greatly exce$s all t has hi!rto be5 imag9$1 & t _! di/ribution is v limit$ on ! :ole1 ?\gh a small numb] ( species h foll[$ u s9ce we left ,p> & o!rs h a range m or less ext5sive4 ,y rememb]1 p]haps1 t1 :5 allud+ to my hopes1 ,i told y "o day t ,i believ$ 9 ! possibility ( f9d+ f two hundr$ & fifty to ?ree hundr$ species ( fi% 9 ! :ole bas9 ( ! ,amazons2 ev5 n[1 hav+ pass$ ov] less ?an "o ?ird ( ! ma9 /ream1 & only div]g$ "h & !re to "s po9ts beyond its %ores1 ,i h already obta9$ m ?an ?ree hundr$4 ,x is incr$ible1 above all1 if "o consid]s t ! total numb] kn[n to naturali/s does n rea* "o ?ird ( :at ,i h already collect$4 ,?is result sc>cely all[s "o to =esee ! discov]ies to be made :5ev] ! afflu5ts ( ! great riv] are explor$ ) ! same c>e4 ,an exploration ( ! ,araguay = its :ole c\rse1 9 ord] to tea* u h[ _m diff]5t comb9ations ( di/9ct species occur 9 succession1 f its s\rces to its junction ) ! ,tocant9s & l[] d[n till x meets ! ,amazons1 w\ld be an ent]prise wor?y ( y4 ,y h already a sort ( sci5tific prop]ty 9 ?is riv]1 to :i* y w\ld add new rights 9 furni%+ sci5ce ) ?is in=mation4 ,p]mit me to express to y all ! gratitude ,i feel = ! int]e/ y take 9 my "y travell+ companion4 ,mr4 ,w>d is wor?y ( x1 alike f 8 y\?1 8 c\rage1 & 8 devotion to sci5ce4 ,mr4 ,epam9ondas has j communicat$ to me y\r g5]\s int5tions t[>ds myself1 & y\r purpose ( s5d+ a /eam] to ,manaos to take ! place ( ! ,piraja1 & facilitate our exploration ( ! ,rio ,negro & ! ,rio ,madeira4 ,i d n "k h[ to ?ank y en\gh2 all t ,i c say is1 t ?is favor w all[ me to make an exploration ( ^! riv]s :i* w\ld be o!rwise impossible4 ,if ! result ( ^! rese>*es be z favorable z my hopes1 ! honor w be due1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ! lib]ality ( ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t4 ,enc\rag$ by ! results ?us f> obta9$1 ,i ?9k t1 if ! circum/ances are favorable1 on arriv+ at ,tabat+a1 we %all make a pu% into ! l[] "p ( ,p]u1 :ile my companions w explore ! riv]s int]m$iate betwe5 ?is t[n & ,teff2 s t we %all probably n return to ,manaos be=e ! end ( ,octob]4 ,accept1 my de> ,sir1 ! assurance ( my high reg>d1 c41 c4 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #fa3 ,"s ,engli% travell]s h criticis$ ! position ( ! t[n1 & regrett$ t x is n plac$ l[] d[n1 at ! imm$iate junction ( ! ,rio ,negro ) ! ,solimo5s4 ,b its actual situation is mu* bett]1 on acc\nt ( ! m quiet port1 remov$ z x is f ! viol5t curr5ts caus$ by ! meet+ ( ! two riv]s4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #fb3 ,:5 ?is 0 writt5 !re 0 h>dly any prospect ( ! e>ly op5+ ( ! ,amazons to ! free comm]ce ( ! _w4 ,! circum/ance t s9ce ! #g? ( ,septemb] la/ ?is great fre%-wat] ocean has be5 made free to ! m]cantile %ipp+ ( all nations w1 no d\bt1 imm5sely accel]ate ! developm5t ( civilization 9 ^! des]t regions4 ,no act c\ld h exhibit$ m unequivocally ! lib]al policy :i* actuates ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t ?an ?is4 ,to complete ! great "w1 two ?+s are /ill want+1--a direct high road betwe5 ! upp] tribut>ies ( ! ,rio ,madeira & ,rio ,p>aguay1 & ! abolition ( ! subsidies grant$ to privileg$ companies1 t ! colossal traffic ( :i* ! :ole bas9 is susceptible may truly be ?r[n op5 to a fair competition4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #fc3 ,s5ahor ,pim5ta ,bu5o4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d3--,y w probably be surpris$ to receive only a few l9es f me aft] ! "t :i* has elaps$ s9ce my la/ lett]4 ,! tru? is1 t1 s9ce ,obydos1 ,i h pass$ f surprise to surprise1 & t ,i h sc>cely _h "t to take c>e ( ! collections we h made1 )\t be+ able to /udy !m prop]ly4 ,?us1 dur+ ! week we sp5t 9 ! environs ( ,villa ,bella1 at ,lago ,jos ,ass & ,lago ,maximo1 we h collect$ "o hundr$ & eighty species ( fi%es1 two ?irds ( :i*1 at lea/1 are new1 :ile ^? ( my companions :o rema9$ at ,sant>em & ^u ! ,tapajoz h br\ght back "s fifty m1 mak+ already m ?an ?ree hundr$ species1 includ+ ^? ( ,porto d ,moz1 ( ,gurup1 ( ,tajapur1 & ( ,monte ,algre4 ,y see t be=e hav+ asc5d$ ! ,amazons = "o ?ird ( its c\rse1 ! numb] ( fi%es is m ?an triple t ( all ! species kn[n ?us f>1 & ,i beg9 to p]ceive t we %all n d m ?an skim ov] ! surface ( ! c5tre ( ?is great bas94 ,:at w x be :5 x becomes possible to /udy all its afflu5ts at leisure & 9 ! mo/ favorable season6 ,i h resolv$ to make m num]\s /ations 9 ! upp] "p ( ! riv] & to /ay z long z my /r5g? & means w all[4 ,d n ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ,i =get to :om ,i owe su* a success4 ,x is y :o h put me on ! pa?1 by mak+ kn[n to me ! res\rces ( ! =e/1 &1 bett] /ill1 by furni%+ me ) ! means to pr(it by !m4 ,?anks1 a ?\s& times1 ?anks4 ,i ought also to ackn[l$ge ! assi/ance af=d$ me by ! ag5ts ( ! ,company1 at all ! po9ts :]e we h t\*$4 ,our amiable comm&] has also ex]t$ himself1 & :ile ,i explor$ ! lakes 9 ! neighborhood ( ,villa ,bella1 he made a v f9e collection 9 ! ,amazons1 especially ( ! num]\s small species always ov]look$ by fi%]m54 ,on ! arrival ( ! ,belem ,i receiv$ y\r k9d lett] & a "p ( ! alcohol ,i _h ask$ f ,mr4 ,bond4 ,i am writ+ to-day to ask him to s5d me a "p to ,teff1 &1 some:at lat]1 m to ,manaos4 ,?ank y = ! catalogue ( ,p> fi%es2 ,i %all give x back on our return1 ) ! additions ,i %all make dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! voyage4 ,adieu1 my de> fri5d4 ,ev] y\rs1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #fd3 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! inve/igation1 ,i h asc]ta9$ t ?is slaty rock1 z well z ! h>d s&/one se5 along ! riv]-banks at ,manaos1 =ms "p ( ! great drift =mation ( ! ,amazons1 & t !re is nei!r old r$ s&/one1 nor trias1 "h1 z old] obs]v]s suppos$4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #fe3 ,,teff1 #ad ,septemb]1 #ahfe4 ,,sire3--,on arriv+ "h ?is morn+ ,i _h ! mo/ agreeable & unexpect$ surprise4 ,! fir/ fi% br\ght to me 0 ! ,ac>a1 :i* y\r ,maje/y k9dly p]mitt$ me to d$icate to y1 & by an unlook$-= good =tune x 0 ! bre$+ season1 & x _h its m\? full ( little "y ones 9 ! process ( developm5t4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! mo/ incr$ible fact 9 embryology fully confirm$1 & x rema9s = me only to /udy1 9 detail & at leisure1 all ! *anges :i* ! "y und]go up to ! mom5t :5 !y leave _! s+ul> ne/1 9 ord] t ,i may publi% a complete acc\nt ( ?is curi\s hi/ory4 ,my anticipations z to ! di/ribution ( fi%es are confirm$2 ! riv] is inhabit$ by sev]al v di/9ct i*?yological faun1 :i* h1 z a common l9k1 only a v small numb] ( species to be met ) ev]y:]e4 ,x rema9s n[ to asc]ta9 ) precision ! limits ( ^! i*?yological regions1 & ,i may p]haps be drawn on to devote "s "t to ?is /udy1 if ,i f9d ! means ( accompli%+ x4 ,!re is a "q :i* n[ becomes v int]e/+2 x is to "k h[ f> ! same ph5om5on is reproduc$ 9 ea* "o ( ! great afflu5ts ( ! riv] ,amazons1 or1 9 o!r words1 :e!r ! fi%es ( ! upp] regions ( ! ,rio ,madeira1 ! ,rio ,negro1 c41 c41 are ! same z ^? ( ! l[] c\rse ( ^! riv]s4 ,z to ! div]sity ( fi%es 9 ! :ole bas91 my expectations are f> surpass$4 ,be=e arriv+ at ,manaos ,i _h already collect$ m ?an ?ree hundr$ species1 t is to say1 at lea/ ?ree times ! numb] ( species ?us f> kn[n4 ,ab\t half h be5 pa9t$ f life by ,mr4 ,burkh>dt2 if ,i c succe$ 9 publi%+ all ^! docum5ts1 ! in=mation ,i %all be able to furni% on ?is subject w exce$ all t has be5 ?us f> made kn[n4 ,i %\ld be v glad to le>n t y\r ,maje/y has n met ) difficulties on ! voyage1 & has be5 able fully to accompli% ! ends propos$4 ,we are "h )\t news f ! ,s\? s9ce we left ,rio1 & all we _h le>n$ !n 01 t aft] a v /ormy passage y\r ,maje/y _h rea*$ ! ,rio ,gr&e4 ,may ,god protect & bless y\r ,maje/y6 ,) s5tim5ts ( ! mo/ pr(\nd respect & ! livelie/ gratitude1 ,i am ,y\r ,maje/y's v humble & ob$i5t s]vant1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #ff3 ,at ?is po9t ! ,amazonian meets ! ,p]uvian /eam]1 & !y ex*ange c>goes4 ,=m]ly ! ,brazilian company ( ,amazonian /eam]s ext5d$ its l9e ( travel to ,laguna1 at ! m\? ( ! ,huallaga4 ,n[ ?is "p ( ! j\rney has pass$ into ! h&s ( a ,p]uvian company1 ^: /eam]s run up to ,urimaguas on ! ,huallaga4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 by no means s com=table z ! ,brazilian /eam]s1 hav+ little or no accommodation = pass5g]s4 ,! upp] ,m>aon is navigable = l>ge /eam]s z f> z ,ja51 z are also its tribut>ies1 ! ,huallaga & ,ucayali on ! s\?1 ! ,moronha1 ,pa/azza1 & ,napo on ! nor?1 to a great di/ance above _! junction ) ! ma9 /ream4 ,!re is reason to believe t all ^! l>g] afflu5ts ( ! ,amazons w be=e long h _! regul> l9es ( /eam]s l ! great riv] itself4 ,! op5+ ( ! ,amazons1 no d\bt1 w ha/5 ?is result4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #fg3 ,^! g5tlem5 desc5d$ ! riv] ) u z f> z ,teff1 & we aft]w>ds he>d ( _! safe arrival 9 ,madrid4 ,!y _h1 h[ev]1 suff]$ mu* 9 heal?1 & ,mr4 ,is]n di$ soon aft] 8 return to 8 native l&4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,life ,,9 ,,teff4 ,,aspect ,,( ,,teff4--,,situation4--,,description ,,( ,,h\ses4--,,fi%+ ,,excursion4--,,a/oni%+ ,,v>iety ,,( ,,fi%es4--,,ac>a4--,,sc>city ,,( ,,labor]s4--,,our ,,indoors ,,man4--,,bruno4--,,alex&r9a4--,,pleasan t ,,walks4--,,m&ioca-,,%$ ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,indian ,,encampm5t ,,on ,,! ,,bea*4--,,excursion ,,to ,,fi%+ ,,lodge ,,on ,,! ,,solimo5s4--,,amazonian ,,bea*es4--,,bre$+-,,places ,,( ,,turtles1 ,,fi%es1 ,,etc4--,,adroitness ,,( ,,indians ,,9 ,,f9d+ ,,!m4--,,description ,,( ,a 8,,sitio40--,,indian ,,clay-,,eat]s4--,,cuieira-,,tree4--,,fi % ,,hunt4--,,=e/ ,,lake4--,,wat] ,,birds4--,,success ,,9 ,,collect+4--,,ev5+ ,,sc5e ,,9 ,,sitio4--,,alex&r9a ,,z 8,,aide ,,sci5tifique40--,,fi% ,,anecdote4--,,relations ,,betwe5 ,,fi%es ,,z ,,%[n ,,by ,,_! ,,embryology4--,,note ,,^u ,,! ,,m>9e ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,amazonian ,,faun4--,,ac>a4--,,news ,,f ,,! ,,p>ties ,,9 ,,! ,,int]ior4--,,return ,,( ,,p>ty ,,f ,,! ,i,a4--,,prep>ations ,,= ,,dep>ture4--,,note ,,on ,,g5]al ,,result ,,( ,,sci5tific ,,"w ,,9 ,,teff4--,,wait+ ,,= ,,! ,,/eam]4--,,sket* ,,( ,,alex&r9a4--,,mocuim4--,,?und]-,,/orm4- -,,repiquete4--,,geological ,,obs]vations4 ,septemb] #bg?4--,( all ! little settlem5ts we h se5 on ! ,amazons1 ,teff looks ! mo/ smil+ & pleasant4 ,j n[ ! t[n1 or1 z x %\ld r be call$1 ! village1 /&s1 z ,i h said1 above a broad s&-bea*2 9 ! ra9y season1 h[ev]1 we are told t ! riv] cov]s ?is bea* completely1 & ev5 encroa*es on ! fields beyond1 com+ almo/ to ! ?re%old ( "s ( ! dwell+s4 ,! h\ses are g5]ally built ( mud1 pla/]$ ov] & ro($ ) tiles1 or ?at*$ ) palm4 ,almo/ all h a little gr\nd ab\t !m1 enclos$ 9 a picket f5ce1 & plant$ ) orange-trees & diff]5t k9ds ( palms1--,cocoa-nut1 ,assais1 & ,pupunhas or pea*-palms4 ,! latt] be>s1 9 h&some clu/]s1 a fruit n unlike ! pea* 9 size & color+2 x has a mealy "* :5 cook$1 & is v palatable1 eat5 ) sug>4 ,! gre5 hill beh9d ! t[n1 on :i* c[s & %eep are graz+1#fh slopes up to ! =e/1 & makes a pretty backgr\nd to ! picture4 ,9 approa*+ ! village1 _m little inlets ( ! lake & riv] give promise ( pleasant canoe excursions4 ,?r\gh our fri5d ,major ,c\t9ho we _h already bespok5 lodg+s1 & to-day f9ds u z com=tably e/abli%$ z x is possible = su* wayf>]s to be4 ,our h\se /&s on an op5 gre5 field1 runn+ d[n to ! wat]1 & is enclos$ only on two sides by build+s4 ,9 front1 x comm&s a pretty view ( ! bea* & ( ! opposite %ore across ! wat]4 ,beh9d1 x has a little op5 gr\nd plant$ ) two or ?ree orange-trees1 surr\nd+ a turtle-tank1 :i* w be v conv5i5t = keep+ live specim5s4 ,a well-/ock$ turtle-tank is to be f\nd 9 almo/ e y>d1 z ! p dep5d l>gely ^u turtles = _! food4 ,! int]ior ( ! h\se is v commodi\s4 ,on ! "r ( ! flagg$ entry is a l>ge room already trans=m$ into a laboratory4 ,"h are num]\s kegs1 cans1 & b>rels = specim5s1 a sw++-%elf to keep birds & insects out ( ! way ( ! ants1 a table = draw+1 & an imm5se empty pack+-case1 "o side ( :i* s]ves z a table = clean+ & prep>+ birds1 :ile ! op5 space b5ea? makes a conv5i5t cupbo>d = keep+ ! in/rum5ts & mat]ials ( "o sort & ano!r1 us$ 9 ! process4 ,aft] a little practice 9 travell+ "o le>ns to improvise ! conv5i5ces = "w almo/ )\t ! accessories :i* seem indisp5sable at home4 ,opposite to ! laboratory on ! o!r side ( ! entry is a room ( ! same size1 :]e ! g5tlem5 h slung _! hammocks2 back ( ?is is my room1 f ! w9d[ ( :i*1 look+ into ! c\rt beh9d1 ,i get a glimpse ( "s lovely ,assai palms & "o or two orange-trees 9 full fl[]2 adjo9+ t is ! d9+-room1 ) a l>ge closet lead+ out ( x1 us$ z a /orage-place = alcohol1 & s]v+ at ?is mom5t z a prison-h\se = two live alligators :o are await+ execution !re4 ,! news ( our arrival has already gone abroad1 & ! fi%]m5 & boys ( ! village are br++ 9 specim5s ( all sorts1--alligators1 turtles1 fi%1 insects1 birds4 ,en\gh is already ga!r$ to %[ :at a ri* h>ve/ may be expect$ 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,illu/ration3 ,v]&a & ,d9+-room at ,teff4 ,septemb] #bh?4--,ye/]day aft]noon1 betwe5 sunset & moonlight1 our neighbor ,dr4 ,romualdo invit$ u to g ) him & 8 fri5d ,s5hor ,joa da ,cunha on a fi%+ excursion into "o ( ! pretty bay\s t op5 out to ! lake4 ,z our canoe ent]$ x1 lazy alligators 7 ly+ ab\t 9 ! /ill glassy wat]1 ) _! heads j re/+ above ! surface2 a tall1 gray h]on /ood on ! %ore1 z if wat*+ 8 reflection1 almo/ z di/9ct z himself1 & a v>iety ( wat]-birds sail$ ov] our heads z we intrud$ ^u _! haunts4 ,:5 we _h rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t1 ! ,indians sprang up to _! necks 9 ! wat]1 7:i* 01 by ! way1 unpleasantly w>m17 & /ret*$ ! net4 ,aft] a few m9utes1 !y dragg$ x into %ore ) a load ( fi%1 :i* seem$ almo/ z wond]ful z ,pet]'s miracul\s draught4 ,z ! net 0 l&$ ! fi% broke f x 9 hundr$s1 spr++ ?r\gh ! me%es & ov] ! edges1 & lit]ally cov]+ ! bea*4 ,! ,indians are v skilful 9 draw+ ! net1 go+ be=e x & la%+ ! wat] ) long rods to fright5 ! fi% & drive !m 94 ,s5hor da ,cunha1 :o is a v ard5t lov] ( ! sport1 work$ z h>d z any ( ! boatm51 plung+ into ! wat] to l5d a h& at ! net or drive 9 ! fi%1 &1 :5 ! draught 0 l&$ on ! bea*1 ru%+ ab\t 9 ! mud to cat* ! little fi%es :i* jump$ 9 myriads ?r\gh ! me%es1 ) an en?usiasm equal to t ( ,mr4 ,agassiz himself4 ,! op]ation 0 repeat$ sev]al times1 always ) ! same success1 & we return$ by moonlight ) a boat-load ( fi%1 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz is exam9+ ?is morn+1 :ile ,mr4 ,burkh>dt makes color$ draw+s ( ! r>] specim5s4 ,"h1 z else:]e 9 ! ,amazonian wat]s1 ! v>iety ( species is bewild]+4 ,! collections already numb] m ?an f\r hundr$1 includ+ ^? f ,p>1 &1 :ile e day br+s 9 new species1 new g5]a are by no means infrequ5t4 ,! foll[+ lett] to ,pr(essor ,milne ,edw>ds1 ( ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 gives "s acc\nt ( ! "w 9 ?is dep>tm5t4 ,,teff1 le #bb ,septembre1 #ahfe4 ,,mon ,,*] ,,ami ,,et ,,tr,s ,,honor ,,confr,,re3--,me voici depuis deux mois dans le bass9 de l',amazone et c'e/ ici que j'ai eu la d\leur de recevoir la n\velle de la mort de mon vieil ami ,val5ci5nes4 ,j'en suis d'autant plus affect que p]sonne plus que lui n'aurait apprci les rsultats de mon voyage1 dont je me rj\issais dj de lui faire "p pro*a9em5t4 ,v\s concevrez naturellem5t que c'e/ la classe des poissons que je consacre la meilleure p>tie de mon temps et ma rcolte excde t\tes mes prvisions4 ,v\s en jug]ez p> quelques donnes4 ,en atteignant ,manaos1 la jonction du ,rio ,negro et de l',amazonas1 j'avais dj recueilli plus de trois c5ts espces de poissons1 dont la moiti au mo9s ont t pe9tes sur le vivant c4 4 d4 d'aprs le poisson nageant dans un gr& vase en v]re devant mon dess9ateur4 ,je suis s\v5t pe9 de voir avec quelle lgret on a publi des plan*es colories de ces animaux4 ,ce n'e/ pas seulem5t tripl] le nombre des espces connues1 je compte les g5res n\veaux p> d\za9es et j'ai c9q ou six familles n\velles p\r l',amazone et une vois9e des ,gobioides entirem5t n\velle p\r l',i*?yologie4 ,c'e/ surt\t p>mi les petites espces que je tr\ve le plus de n\veauts4 ,j'ai des ,*>ac9s de c9q six c5timtres et au-dess\s1 orns des te9tes les plus lgantes1 des ,cypr9odontes1 se rappro*ant un peu de ceux de ,cuba et des ,etats-,unis1 des ,scomb]soces vois9s du ,blone de la ,mdit]rane1 un nombre considrable de ,c>apoides1 des ,raies de g5res diff]5ts de ceux de l'ocan1 et qui p> consqu5t ne sont pas des espces qui remont5t le fleuve4 ,une f\le de ,goniodontes et de ,*romides de g5res et d'espces 9dits4 ,mais ce que j'apprcie surt\t c'e/ la facilit que j'ai d'tudi] les *angem5ts que t\s ces poissons subiss5t avec l'ge et les diffr5ces de sexe qui exi/5t entr'eux et qui sont s\v5t trs considrables4 ,c'e/ a9si que j'ai obs]v une espce de ,geophagus dont le mle porte sur le front une bosse trs-saillante qui manque entirem5t la femelle et aux jeunes4 ,ce mme poisson a un mode de reproduction des plus extraord9aires4 ,les ufs pass5t1 je ne sais trop comm5t1 dans la b\*e dont ils tapiss5t le fond1 entre les app5dices intrieurs des arcs bran*iaux et surt\t dans une po*e =me p> les ph>yngi5s suprieurs qu'ils rempliss5t compltem5t4 ,l ils clos5t et les petits1 librs de leur coque1 se dvelopp5t jusqu' ce qu'ils soi5t en tat de f\rnir leur exi/5ce4 ,je ne sais pas encore combi5 de temps cela va dur]2 mais j'ai dj r5contr des exemplaires dont les jeunes n'avai5t plus de sac vitellaire1 qui hb]geai5t encore leur progniture4 ,comme je pass]ai environ un mois ,teff1 j'espre p\voir complt] cette obs]vation4 ,l'exam5 de la /ructure d'un gr& nombre de ,*romides m'a fait entrevoir des aff9its entre ces poissons et div]ses autres familles dont on ne s'e/ jamais avis de les rappro*]4 ,et d'abord je me suis conva9cu que les ,*romides1 rp>tis autrefois p>mi les ,labroides et les ,scinoides1 con/itu5t bi5 rellem5t un gr\pe naturel1 reconnu peu prs en mme temps et d'une manire indp5dante p> ,heckel et ,j4 ,mll]4 ,mais il y a plus2 les g5res ,enoplosus1 ,pomotis1 ,c5tr>*us et quelques autres g5res vois9s1 rangs p>mi les ,p]coides p> t\s les ,i*?yologi/es1 me p>aiss5t1 d'ici et sans moy5 de comp>aison directe1 tellem5t vois9s des ,*romides que je ne vois pas comm5t on p\rra les en sp>]1 surt\t ma9t5ant que je sais que les ph>yngi5s infrieurs ne sont pas t\j\rs s\ds *ez les ,*romides4 ,et puis l'embryologie et les mtamorphoses des ,*romides que je vi5s d'tudi] m'ont conva9cu que les 8,poissons bran*ies labyr9?iques0 sp>s de t\s les autres poissons p> ,cuvi] comme une famille entirem5t isole1 raison de la /ructure trange de ses organes respiratoires1 se ratta*5t de trs-prs aux ,*romides4 ,ce gr\pe devi5t a9si p> ses aff9its v>ies1 l'un des plus intressants de la classe des poissons1 et le bass9 de l',amazone p>at tre la vraie patrie de cette famille4 ,je ne veux pas v\s fatigu] de mes re*]*es i*?yologiques2 p]mettez moi seulem5t d'aj\t] que les poissons ne sont po9t uni=mm5t rp&us dans ce gr& bass94 ,dj j'ai acquis la c]titude qu'il faut y di/+u] plusieurs faunes i*?yologiques1 trs-nettem5t c>actrises2 c'e/ a9si que les espces qui habit5t la rivire du ,p>1 des bords de la m] jusque v]s l'emb\*ure du ,tocant9s1 diffr5t de celles que l'on r5contre dans le rseau d'ana/omoses qui uniss5t la rivire de ,p> l',amazone propre4 ,les espces de l',amazone1 au-dess\s du ,x+u1 diffr5t de celles que j'ai r5contres plus haut2 celles du c\rs infrieur du ,x+u1 diffr5t de celles du c\rs infrieur du ,tapajos4 ,celles des nombreux ig>aps et lacs de ,manaos diffr5t galem5t de celles du c\rs pr9cipal du gr& fleuve et de ses pr9cipaux afflu5ts4 ,il re/e ma9t5ant tudi] les *angem5ts qui peuv5t surv5ir dans cette di/ribution1 dans le c\rs de l'anne1 suivant la hauteur des eaux et peut-tre aussi suivant l'poque laquelle les diffr5tes espces pond5t leurs ufs4 ,jusqu' prs5t je n'ai r5contr qu'un petit nombre d'espces qui ai5t une aire de di/ribution trs t5due4 ,c'e/ a9si que le ,sudis gigas se tr\ve -peu-prs p>t\t4 ,c'e/ le poisson le plus important du fleuve2 celui qui comme alim5t remplace le btail p\r les populations riv]a9es4 ,un autre problme rs\dre c'e/ de savoir jusqu' quel po9t les gr&s afflu5ts de l',amazone rpt5t ce phnomne de la di/ribution locale des poissons4 ,je vais *]*] le rs\dre en remontant le ,rio ,negro et le ,rio ,madeira et comme je revi5drai ,manaos1 je p\rrai comp>] mes premires obs]vations dans cette localit1 avec celles d'une autre saison de l'anne4 ,adieu1 mon *] ami4 ,veuillez faire mes amitis ,m4 ,elie de ,beaumont et me rappel] aux bons s\v5irs de ceux de mes collgues de l',acadmie qui veul5t bi5 s'intress] mes travaux actuels4 ,faites aussi1 je v\s prie1 mes amitis ,m4 votre fils4 ,t\t v\s1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#fi ,mr4 ,agassiz has already secur$ q a numb] ( ! s+ul> type ( ,ac>1 :i* c>ries its "y 9 its m\?1 & he has ga!r$ a good deal ( in=mation ab\t its habits4 ,! fi%]m5 "h say t ?is mode ( c>+ = ! "y prevails m or less 9 all ! family ( ,ac>4 ,!y are n all born !re1 h[ev]2 "s lay _! eggs 9 ! s&1 &1 hov]+ ov] _! ne/1 take up ! little ones 9 _! m\?1 :5 !y are hat*$4 ,! fi%]m5 also add1 t ^! fi% d n always keep _! "y 9 ! m\?1 b leave !m sometimes 9 ! ne/1 tak+ !m up only on ! approa* ( dang]4#gj ,our h\sehold is n[ e/abli%$ on a p]man5t basis4 ,we _h at fir/ "s difficulty 9 f9d+ s]vants2 at ?is fi%+ season1 :5 ! m5 are go+ (f to dry & salt fi%1 & :5 ! season = hunt+ turtle-eggs & mak+ turtle-butt] is com+ on1 ! t[n is almo/ des]t$ by ! m54 ,x is l hay+-"t 9 ?is c\ntry1 :5 e arm is ne$$ 9 ! fields4 ,!n ! habits ( ! ,indians are s irregul>1 & !y c>e s little = money1 f9d+1 z !y d1 ! means ( liv+ almo/ )\t "w imm$iately ab\t !m1 t ev5 if "o does engage a s]vant1 he is likely to disappe> ! next day4 ,an ,indian w d m = good-w & a glass ( ca*aa 7rum7 ?an he w d = wages1 :i* are valueless to him4 ,! individual1 :o has be5 supply+ ! place ( indoors man :ile we h be5 look+ = a s]vant1 is s orig9al 9 8 appe>ance t he des]ves a special description4 ,he belongs to a neighbor :o has und]tak5 to provide our meals1 & he br+s !m :5 !y are prep>$ & waits on ! table4 ,he is r an eld]ly ,indian1 & 8 dress consi/s ( a pair ( cotton draw]s1 orig9ally :ite1 b n[ ( _m hues & usually roll$ up to ! knees1 8 feet be+ b>e2 ! upp] "p ( 8 p]son is p>tially 7v p>tially7 conceal$ by a blue rag1 :i* ,i suppose 9 "s e>ly p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory mu/ h be5 a %irt2 ?is extraord9>y figure is surm\nt$ by an old /raw hat full ( holes1 b5t 9 e direction1 & ti$ "u ! *9 by a r$ /r+4 ,_h he n be5 a tempor>y sub/itute1 we %\ld h tri$ to obta9 a m respectable liv]y = him2 b to-day he gives place to an ,indian lad1 ,bruno by "n1 :o pres5ts a m dec5t appe>ance1 ?\gh he seems r bewild]$ by 8 new (fice4 ,at pres5t 8 idea ( wait+ on ! table seems to be to sit on ! floor & look at u :ile we eat4 ,h[ev]1 we hope to break him 9 gradually4 ,he looks z if he _h n be5 long r$eem$ f ! woods1 = 8 face is deeply tattoo$ ) black1 & 8 lips & nose are pi]c$ ) holes1 rem9d+ "o ( ! becom+ vanities he has r5\nc$ 9 favor ( civilization4#ga ,besides ,bruno we h a girl1 ,alex&r9a by "n1 :o1 by h] appe>ance1 has a mixture ( ,indian & black blood 9 h] ve9s4 ,%e promises v well1 & seems to h ! intellig5ce ( ! ,indian ) ! great] pliability ( ! negro4 ,septemb] #bi?4--,"o ( ! great *>ms ( our resid5ce "h is1 t we h s _m pleasant walks )9 easy rea*4 ,my favorite walk 9 ! e>ly morn+ is to ! wood on ! br[ ( ! hill4 ,f ! summit1 ! sunrise is lovely ov] ! village bel[1 ! lake ) its _m picturesque po9ts & inlets1 & ! =e/s on ! opposite %ores4 ,f ?is spot a little pa? ?r\gh ! bu%es br+s "o at once into a ?ick1 beautiful wood4 ,"h "o may w&] at w1 = !re are a great _m pa?s1 worn by ! ,indians1 ?r\gh ! trees2 & "o is con/antly tempt$ on by ! cool1 pleasant %ade1 & by ! p]fume ( moss & f]n & fl[]4 ,! =e/ "h is full ( life & s\nd4 ,! buzz ( insects1 ! %rill cry ( ! cicadas1 ! *att]+ talk ( ! papagaios1 & occasionally busy voices ( ! monkeys1 make ! woods eloqu5t4 ,! monkeys are1 h[ev]1 v difficult ( approa*1 & ?\gh ,i he> !m (t51 ,i h n yet se5 !m on ! trees2 b ,mr4 ,hunnewell told me t ! o!r day1 :5 %oot+ 9 ?is v wood1 he came ^u a family ( small :ite monkeys sitt+ on a b\gh toge!r1 & talk+ ) mu* animation4 ,"o ( ! prettie/ ( ! pa?s1 ) :i* my daily walks made me famili>1 leads ov] an ig>ap to a h\se1 or r to a l>ge ?at*$ %$1 9 ! =e/1 us$ = prep>+ m&ioca4 ,x is suppli$ ) f\r l>ge clay ov5s1 hav+ imm5se %all[ pans fitt$ on to ! top1 ) tr\ghs = knead+1 sieves = /ra9+1 & all ! app>atus = ! v>i\s processes to :i* ! m&ioca is subject$4 ,"o ut5sil is v *>act]i/ic2 ! l>ge1 empty turtle-%ells1 :i* may be se5 9 e kit*51 us$ z bas9s1 b[ls1 c4 ,i suppose ?is little e/abli%m5t is us$ by a numb] ( p]sons1 = 9 my morn+ walks ,i always meet troops ( ,indians go+ to x1 ! wom5 ) _! deep work+ baskets1--some?+ l ! ,swiss 8hotte10--9 :i* !y c>ry _! tools1 on _! backs1 support$ by a /raw b& fa/5$ across ! =ehead1 & _! babies a/ride on _! hips1 s z to leave _! h&s p]fectly free4 ,!y always give me a cordial morn+ greet+ & /op to look at ! plants & fl[]s ) :i* ,i am usually lad54 ,"s ( ! wom5 are q pretty1 b z a g5]al ?+ ! ,indians 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry d n look v heal?y1 & are apt to h diseases ( ! eyes & sk94 ,x is a curi\s ?+ t ! natives seem m liable to ! maladies ( ! c\ntry ?an /rang]s4 ,!y are v subject to int]mitt5t fev]s1 & "o (t5 sees ,indians worn to m]e sk9 & bone by ?is t]rible sc\rge4 ,if ! morn+ walk 9 ! woods is delightful1 ! ev5+ /roll on ! bea* 9 front ( ! h\se is no less s1 :5 ! wat] is dy$ 9 ! purple sunset1 & ! quiet ( ! sc5e is brok5 "h & !re by a fire on ! s&s1 ar\nd :i* a clu/] ( ,indians are cook+ _! supp]4 ,z ,major ,c\t9ho & ,i 7 walk+ on ! %ore la/ ev5+ we came on su* a gr\p4 ,!y 7 a family :o _h come ov] f _! home on ! o!r side ( ! lake1 ) a boat-load ( fi% & turtle to sell 9 ! village4 ,:5 !y h dispos$ ( _! c>go1 !y build _! fire on ! bea*1 eat _! supp] ( salt$ or broil$ fi%1 f>9ha1 & ! nuts ( a p>ticul> k9d ( palm 7,atalea71 & !n sleep 9 _! canoe4 ,we sat d[n ) !m1 &1 t !y %\ld n ?9k we came m]ely out ( curiosity1 we %>$ _! nuts & f>9ha1 & !y 7 soon v sociable4 ,i am con/antly a/oni%$ at ! frank g5iality ( ^! p1 s diff]5t f our sombre1 sull5 ,indians1 :o are s unwill+ to talk ) /rang]s4 ,! cordiality ( _! reception1 h[ev]1 dep5ds v mu* on ! way 9 :i* !y are acco/$4 ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o has pass$ ye>s among !m1 und]/&s _! "* well1 & has rem>kable tact 9 8 deal+s ) !m4 ,he speaks _! language a little also1 & ?is is important "h :]e _m ( ! ,indians speak only ! 8l+ua g]al40 ,?is 0 ! case ) sev]al ( ! family ^: acqua9tance we made la/ ev5+1 ?\gh "s ( !m talk$ 9 ,portuguese flu5tly en\gh1 tell+ u ab\t _! life 9 ! =e/1 _! success 9 dispos+ ( _! fi% & turtle1 & invit+ u to come to _! h\se4 ,!y po9t$ out to u "o ( ! y\ng] girls1 :o !y said _h nev] be5 baptiz$1 & !y seem$ to wi% to h ! rite p]=m$4 ,major ,c\t9ho promis$ to speak to ! prie/ ab\t x = !m4 ,s f> z we c le>n1 ! :ite population d little to civilize ! ,indians beyond giv+ !m ! ext]nal rites ( religion4 ,x is ! old sad /ory ( oppression1 duplicity1 & lic5se on ! "p ( ! :ite man1 :i* seems likely to la/ z long z sk9s %all diff]1 & :i* necess>ily ends 9 ! degradation ( bo? races4 ,octob] #d?4--,on ,saturday morn+ at f\r o'clock1 ,major ,c\t9ho1 ,mr4 ,agassiz1 & myself left ,teff 9 company ) our neighbor & l&lord ,major ,e/olano1 on our way to 8 8sitio10 a r\gh sort ( ,indian lodge on ! o!r side ( ! ,solimo5s1 :]e he goes occasionally ) 8 family to sup]9t5d ! dry+ & salt+ ( fi%1 a great article ( comm]ce "h4 ,x _h ra9$ heavily all night1 b ! />s 7 bright1 & ! morn+ 0 cool & fre% :5 we put (f 9 ! canoe4 ,:5 we issu$ f ,teff lake x 0 already broad day1 & by ! "t we ent]$ ! ,solimo5s we began to h admonitions t breakfa/-"t 0 approa*+4 ,!re is some?+ v pleasant 9 ^! improvis$ meals2 ! c(fee ta/es bett] :5 y h made x y\rself1 sett+ up ! c(fee-ma*9e "u ! /raw-ro( ( ! canoe1 dipp+ up ! wat] f ! riv] ov] ! side ( ! boat1 & cook+ y\r own breakfa/4 ,"o w\ld ?9k x a great bore at home1 ) all ! necess>y means & appliances2 b ) ! /imulus ( difficulty & ! excitem5t ( ! j\rney x is q pleasant1 & gives a new reli% to ord9>y f>e4 ,aft] we _h _h a cup ( hot c(fee & a f>9ha biscuit1 be+ some:at cramp$ ) sitt+ 9 ! canoe1 we l&$ = a walk on a broad bea* along :i* we 7 coa/+4 ,!re is mu* to be le>n$ on ^! ,amazonian bea*es2 !y are ! haunts & bre$+-places ( _m diff]5t k9ds ( animals1 & are cov]$ by tracks ( alligators1 turtles1 & capiv>i4 ,!n !re are ! ne/s1 n only ( alligators & turtles1 b ( ! diff]5t k9d ( fi%es & birds t lay _! eggs 9 ! mud or s&4 ,x is curi\s to see ! address ( ! ,indians 9 f9d+ ! turtle-ne/s2 !y walk quickly ov] ! s&1 b ) a sort ( inquir+ tread1 z if !y c>ri$ an in/9ctive p]ception 9 _! /ep1 & ! mom5t !y set _! foot ^u a spot bel[ :i* eggs are deposit$1 ?\gh !re is no ext]nal evid5ce to ! eye1 !y recognize x at once1 &1 /oop+1 dig /raight d[n to ! eggs1 g5]ally eight or t5 in*es "u ! surface4 ,besides ^! tracks & ne/s1 !re are ! r\nd$1 %all[ depressions 9 ! mud1 :i* ! fi%]m5 say are ! sleep+-places ( ! skates4 ,!y h c]ta9ly ab\t ! =m & size ( ! skate1 & "o c easily believe t ^! s+ul> impressions 9 ! s(t surface h be5 made 9 ?is way4 ,! vegetation on ^! bea*es is n less int]e/+ ?an ^! signs ( animal life4 ,9 ! ra9y season m ?an half a mile ( l&1 n[ uncov]$ along ! m>g9s ( ! riv]1 is entirely "u wat]1 ! riv] ris+ n only to ! edge ( ! =e/1 b p5etrat+ f> into x4 ,at ?is "t ( ! ye>1 h[ev]1 ! %ore consi/s1 fir/ ( ! bea*1 !n ( a broad b& ( tall grasses1 beyond :i* are ! l[] %rubs & trees1 lead+ up1 by a sort ( gradation1 to ! full =e/ gr[?4 ,dur+ ?is dry season ! vegetation makes an ef=t to recov] its lo/ gr\nd2 "o sees ! little ,imbauba 7,cecropia7 & a k9d ( will[-tree 7,salix humboldiana71 ! only famili> plant we met1 spr++ up on ! s&1 & creep+ d[n to ! wat]'s edge1 only to be de/roy$ aga9 ) ! next rise ( ! riv]4 ,:ile we 7 walk+1 ! boatm5 7 dragg+ ! net1 & ?\gh n ) su* a/oni%+ success z ! o!r day1 yet x l&$ n only an ample supply ( fre% fi% = breakfa/1 b also a numb] ( int]e/+ specim5s4 ,at ab\t elev5 o'clock we turn$ f ! ,solimo5s into ! little riv] on :i* ,mr4 ,e/olano's fi%+-lodge is situat$1 & 9 a few m9utes f\nd ourselves at ! pretty l&+1 :]e a r\gh flight ( /eps l$ up to ! h\se4 ,9 ?is climate a v slight %elt] w s]ve z a h\se4 ,su* a dwell+ is inde$ no?+ b a va/ por*2 & a v airy1 pleasant1 & picturesque abode x makes4 ,a palm-?at*$ ro( to %$ ! ra9 & keep (f ! sun1 cov]+ a plat=m ( split logs t "o may h a dry floor "u foot2 ^!1 ) pl5ty ( po/s & raft]s = ! sw++ ( hammocks1 are ! ess5tials4 ,x 0 some:at aft] ?is fa%ion t ,major ,e/olano's lodge 0 built4 ,! back "p ( x consi/$ ( "o v l>ge1 high *amb]1 to :i* ! family retir$ 9 ! hotte/ "p ( ! day1 :5 ! sun 0 mo/ scor*+2 all ! re/ 0 ro( & plat=m1 ! latt] /ret*+ out consid]ably beyond ! =m]1 ?us leav+ an op5 floor on "o side = ! /ret*+ & dry+ ( fi%4 ,! :ole /ructure 0 lift$ on piles ab\t eight feet above ! gr\nd1 to provide aga9/ ! ris+ ( ! riv] 9 ! ra9y season4 ,9 front ( ! h\se1 j on ! edge ( ! bank1 7 sev]al l>ge1 op51 ?at*$ %$s1 us$ z kit*5 & liv+-rooms = ! negroes & ,indians employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! fi%4 ,9 "o ( ^! rooms 7 sev]al ,indian wom5 :o look$ v ill4 ,we 7 told !y _h be5 !re = two mon?s1 & !y 7 worn to sk9 & bone ) int]mitt5t fev]4 ,major ,c\t9ho said !y 71 no d\bt1 suff]+ 9 "p f ! habit s preval5t among ^! p ( eat+ clay & dirt1 = :i* !y h a morbid love4 ,!y 7 wild-look+ creatures1 ly+ 9 _! hammocks or squatt+ on ! gr\nd1 (t5 )\t any clo!s1 & moan+ z if 9 pa94 ,!y 7 f ! =e/1 & spoke no ,portuguese4 ,we 7 receiv$ mo/ cordially by ! ladies ( ! family1 :o _h gone up to ! lodge ! day be=e1 & 7 (f]$ ! refre%m5t ( a hammock1 ! fir/ act ( hospitality 9 ?is c\ntry1 :5 "o arrives f any di/ance4 ,aft] ?is foll[$ an excell5t breakfa/ ( ! fre% fi% we _h br\ght ) u1 cook$ 9 a v>iety ( ways1 broil$1 fri$1 & boil$4 ,! repa/ 0 none ! less appetiz+ t x 0 s]v$ 9 picnic fa%ion1 ! clo? be+ laid on ! floor1 ^u "o ( ! l>ge palm-mats1 mu* 9 use "h to spread ov] ! unc>pet$ brick floors or "u ! hammocks4 ,= sev]al h\rs aft] breakfa/ ! heat 0 int5se1 & we c\ld d little b re/ 9 ! %ade1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,agassiz1 :o works at all h\rs if specim5s are on h&1 0 busy 9 mak+ skeletons ( "s fi% too l>ge to be pres]v$ 9 alcohol4 ,t[>ds ev5+ x grew cool]1 & we walk$ 9 ! banana plantation ne> ! h\se1 & sat "u an imm5se g\rd-tree on ! bank1 :i* made a deep %ade2 = x 0 clo!d n only by its own foliage1 b ! bran*es 7 cov]$ ) p>asites1 & ) s(t1 d>k moss1 9 contra/ ) :i* ! light] gre51 glossy fruit seem$ to ga9 new lu/re4 ,i call x a g\rd-tree1 simply f ! use to :i* ! fruit is put4 ,b x goes "h by ! "n ( ! ,cuieira-tree 7,cresc5tia ,cajeput71 ! cup made f ! fruit be+ call$ a ,cuia4 ,! fruit is sph]ical1 ( a light gre51 %9y surface1 & gr[s f ! size ( an apple to t ( ! l>ge/ melon4 ,x is fill$ ) a s(t1 :ite pulp1 easily remov$ :5 ! fruit is cut 9 halves2 ! r9d is !n all[$ to dry4 ,v pretty cups & bas9s1 ( _m sizes1 are made 9 ?is way2 & ! ,indians1 :o und]/& h[ to prep>e a v>iety ( v brilliant colors1 are v skilful 9 pa9t+ !m4 ,x w\ld seem t ! art ( mak+ colors is ( anci5t date among ! ,amazonian ,indians1 = 9 ! acc\nt ( ,francisco ,orellana's j\rney d[n ! ,amazons 9 #aeda1 8! two fa!rs ( ! exp$ition decl>e t 9 ?is voyage !y f\nd all ! p to be bo? intellig5t & +5i\s1 :i* 0 %[n by ! works :i* !y p]=m$ 9 sculpture & pa9t+ 9 bright colors40#gb ,_! pa9ts are prep>$ f a p>ticul> k9d ( clay & f ! juices ( sev]al plants :i* h color+ prop]ties4 ,9 an ,amazonian cottage "o h>dly sees any ut5sils = ! table except su* z ! ,indians h prep>$ & ornam5t$ !mselves f ! fruits ( ! ,cuieira-tree4 ,i long$ to ext5d my walk into ! woods :i* surr\nd$ u on all sides2 b ! =e/ is v tantaliz+ "h1 s tempt+ & s imp5etrable4 ,! ladies told me !re 7 no pa?s cut 9 ! neighborhood ( ! h\se4 ,! next morn+ we 7 (f e>ly 9 ! canoes on a fi% hunt2 ,i call x a hunt advis$ly1 = ! fi% are ! captives ( ! b[ & spe>1 n ( ! net & l9e4 ,! ,indians are v adroit 9 %oot+ ! l>g] fi% ) ! b[ & arr[1 & 9 h>poon+ "s ( ! v]itable mon/]s ( _! riv]s1 su* z ! ,peixe-boi 78fi%-c[071 ,manatee or ,dugon1 ) ! spe>4 ,we made two p>ties ?is morn+1 "s ( u go+ 9 ! l>g] canoe to drag a =e/ lake ) ! net1 :ile "s ( ! fi%]m5 took a small]1 light] boat1 to be able to approa* _! l>g] prey4 ,our pa? lay ?r\gh a pretty ig>ap1 :]e1 = ! fir/ "t1 ,i saw monkeys 9 a tree by ! wat]-side4 ,on com+ to ! ,amazons we expect to see monkeys z frequ5tly z squirrels are se5 at home2 b1 ?\gh v num]\s1 !y are s %y t "o r>ely gets a fair view ( !m4 ,aft] an h\r's r[ we l&$ at a little po9t jutt+ out into ! wat]1 & w5t ?r\gh ! =e/1 ! m5 cutt+ ! way be=e u1 cle>+ ! pa? ( bran*es1 fall5 trees1 & p>asitic v9es :i* ob/ruct$ x4 ,i 0 a/oni%$ to see ! vigor & /r5g? ) :i* ,dona ,m>ia1 ! "m-9-law ( our ho/1 made h] way ?r\gh ! tangl$ trees1 help+ to free ! road1 & lopp+ (f bran*es ) h] great wood-knife4 ,we imag9e all ! ladies 9 ?is w>m c\ntry to be v indol5t & languid2 & 9 ! cities1 z a g5]al ?+1 _! habits are mu* less vigor\s ?an ^? ( our wom54 ,b "h1 9 ! ,upp] ,amazons1 ! wom5 :o h be5 br\ght up 9 ! c\ntry & 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,indians are (t5 v en]getic1 be>+ a h& at ! o> or ! fi%+-net ) ! /r5g? ( a man4 ,a %ort walk br\ght u out ^u a %all[ =e/ lake1 or1 z ! ,indians call x1 8r\nd wat]40 ,! ,indian names are (t5 v significant4 ,i h m5tion$ ! mean+ ( ig>ap1 8boat pa?02 to ?is1 :5 !y wi% to indicate its size m exactly1 !y affix ei!r ! ^w 8ass0 7l>ge7 or 8mirim0 7small74 ,b an ig>ap1 :e!r l>ge or small1 is always a *annel op5+ out ( ! ma9 riv] & hav+ no o!r outlet4 ,= a *annel connect+ ! upp] & l[] wat]s ( ! same riv]1 or lead+ f "o riv] to ano!r1 !y h ano!r ^w1 8,p>an0 7signify+ riv]71 :i* !y modify 9 ! same way1 z ,p>an-ass or ,p>an-mirim4 ,p>an-ass1 ! big riv]1 means also ! sea4 ,a /ill m significant "n = a *annel connect+ two riv]s is ! ,portuguese ^w 8fro10 mean+ bore4 ,! lake 0 set 9 ! mid/ ( long1 re$-l grass1 &1 z we approa*$ x1 ?\s&s ( :ite wat]-birds ru/l$ up f ! m>g9 & float$ l a cl\d above u4 ,! reason ( _! numb]s 0 pla9 :5 we rea*$ ! lake3 x 0 actually l9$ ) %rimps2 "o c\ld dip !m out by ! bucketful4 ,! boatm5 n[ began to drag ! net1 & p]haps n[h]e1 f any s+le lake or pond1 has ,mr4 ,agassiz made a m valuable collection ( =e/ fi%es4 ,among !m 0 a pipe-fi%1 "o ( ! ,goniodont family1 v simil> to our ord9>y ,syngna?us 9 appe>ance1 b closely relat$ to ,ace/ra1 & especially int]e/+ to him z ?r[+ light on c]ta9 inve/igations ( 81 made :5 q a "y man4 ,?is specim5 confirm$ a classification by :i* he !n associat$ ! pipe-fi% ) ! ,g>pikes & ,/urgeons1 a comb9ation :i* 0 sc\t$ by ! be/ naturali/s ( ! "t1 & is ev5 n[ repudiat$ by mo/ ( !m4 ,)\t self-glorification1 x is impossible n to be gratifi$ :5 ! exp]i5ce ( lat] ye>s confirms ! premonitions ( y\?1 & %[s !m to h be5 n m]e guesses1 b f\nd$ ^u an insight into ! true relations ( ?+s4 ,we>i$ aft] a :ile ) wat*+ ! fi%+ 9 ! sun1 ,i w5t back into ! =e/1 :]e ,i f\nd ! c(fee-pot already boil+ ov] ! fire4 ,x 0 pleasant to sit d[n on a fall51 moss-gr[n trunk1 & breakfa/ 9 ! %ade4 ,pres5tly ! fi%]m5 came back f ! lake1 & we f\nd our way to ! boats aga91 lad5 ) an imm5se numb] ( fi%es4 ,! g5tlem5 return$ to ! h\se 9 "o ( ! small] mont>ias1 tak+ ! specim5s ) !m1 & leav+ me to return 9 ! l>g] canoe ) ! ,s5horas4 ,x seem$ to me /range on ?is ,sunday morn+1 :5 ! bells mu/ be r++ & ! p troop+ to *ur* "u ! bright ,octob] sky1 9 our f>-(f ,new ,engl& home1 to be float+ d[n ?is quiet ig>ap1 9 a boat full ( half-nak$ ,indians1 _! wild1 monoton\s *ant s\nd+ 9 our e>s z !y kept "t to _! o>s4 ,9 ^! excursions "o le>ns to und]/& ! fasc9ation ?is life mu/ h = a p among :om civilization is z yet b v incomplete2 x is full ( physical enjoym5t1 )\t any m5tal ef=t4 ,up e>ly 9 ! morn+ & (f on _! fi%+ or hunt+ excursions long be=e dawn1 !y return by ! middle ( ! day1 lie 9 _! hammocks & smoke dur+ ! h\rs ( greate/ heat2 cook ! fi% !y h br\ght ) !m1 &1 unless sickness comes to !m1 "k nei!r want nor c>e4 ,we rea*$ ! h\se 9 "t = a twelve o'clock breakfa/ ( a m solid "* ?an ! light] "o 9 ! =e/1 & by no means unacceptable aft] our long r[4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day two 8,peixe-bois0 7,manatees7 7 br\ght 91 also a ,boto 7porpoise71 & "s l>ge specim5s ( ,pir>ucu 7,sudis74 ,all ^! are too clumsy to pres]ve 9 alcohol1 especially :5 alcohol is s difficult to obta9 & s exp5sive z x is "h2 b ,mr4 ,agassiz has _h skeletons made ( !m1 & w pres]ve ! sk9s ( ! ,peixe-bois = m\nt+4 ,he obta9$ at ! same "t an entirely new g5us ( ! ,siluroid family4 ,x is a fi% weigh+ "s t5 p\nds1 call$ "h ! ,pacamum1 & ( a bright can>y color4 ,! ev5+ sc5e at ! 8,sitio0 0 always v pretty4 ,aft] d9n]1 :5 ! cu/om>y 8boa noite10 ! univ]sal greet+ at ! close ( ! day1 _h be5 ex*ang$1 ! palm-mats1 spread ov] ! plat=ms1 _h ea* _! sep>ate gr\p1 ,indians or negroes1 *ildr51 memb]s ( ! family or gue/s1 ! c5tral figure be+ usually t ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o 0 consid]$ to be especially successful 9 ! mak+ ( c(fee & :o g5]ally _h a mat to himself1 :]e he look$1 z ! blue flame ( 8 alcohol lamp flick]$ 9 ! w9d1 n unlike a magician ( old1 brew+ "s pot5t spell4 ,little %all[ cups1 l op5 antique lamps1 fill$ ) oil & hav+ a bit ( wick hang+ ov] ! edge1 7 plac$ ab\t ! floors1 & s]v$ to light ! int]ior ( ! por*1 ?\gh aft] a glimm]+ & unc]ta9 fa%ion4 ,on ,monday morn+ we left ! 8,sitio0 & return$ to ,teff1 :]e ,mr4 ,agassiz _h ! pleasure ( receiv+ all 8 collections1 bo? ^? he _h s5t on be=e him & ^? :i* accompani$ u1 9 good condition4 ,octob] #i?4--,alex&r9a turns out to be a valuable addition to ! h\sehold1 n only f a dome/ic1 b also f a sci5tific po9t ( view4 ,%e has le>n$ to prep>e & clean skeletons ( fi% v nicely1 & makes h]self q useful 9 ! laboratory4 ,besides1 %e kn[s _m pa?s 9 ! =e/1 & accompanies me 9 all my botaniz+ excursions2 ) ! ke5 p]ceptions ( a p]son ^: only tra9+ has be5 ?r\gh ! s5ses1 %e is f> quick] ?an ,i am 9 disc]n+ ! smalle/ plant 9 fruit or fl[]1 & n[ t %e kn[s :at ,i am seek+1 %e is a v effici5t aid4 ,nimble z a monkey1 %e ?9ks no?+ ( climb+ to ! top ( a tree to br+ d[n a blossom+ bran*2 & "h1 :]e _m ( ! trees %oot up to q a height be=e putt+ out _! b\ghs1 su* an auxili>y is v important4 ,! collections g on apace1 & e day br+s 9 new species2 m ?an c be easily c>$ =1--f> m ?an our arti/ c f9d "t to draw4 ,ye/]day1 among o!r specim5s1 a holl[ log 0 br\ght 91 "s two feet & a half 9 l5g?1 & ab\t ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 cr[d$ ) ,anojas 7a common fi% "h7 ( all sizes1 f ^? sev]al in*es long to ! t9ie/ "y4 ,! ?+ 0 s extraord9>y t "o w\ld h be5 incl9$ to ?9k x 0 prep>$ 9 ord] to be pass$ (f z a curiosity1 _h n ! fi% be5 s dext]\sly pack$ into ! log f end to end1 t x 0 impossible to get !m out )\t splitt+ x op51 :5 !y 7 all f\nd alive & 9 p]fectly good condition4 ,!y c\ld n h be5 artificially jamm$ into ! holl[ wood1 9 t way1 )\t injur+ !m4 ,! fi%]m5 say t ?is is ! habit ( ! family2 !y are (t5 f\nd ?us cr[d$ into dead logs at ! bottom ( ! riv]1 mak+ _! ne/s z x 7 9 ! cavities ( ! wood4#gc ,octob] #ad?4--,mr4 ,agassiz has a corps ( little boys engag$ 9 cat*+ ! t9ie/ fi%es1 s insignificant 9 size t ! regul> fi%]m51 :o c nev] be made to und]/& t a fi% :i* is n good to eat c s]ve any useful purpose1 always ?r[ !m away4 ,nev]!less1 ^! are among ! mo/ in/ructive specim5s = ! i*?yologi/1 because !y (t5 reveal ! relations n only betwe5 p>5t & (fspr+1 b wid] relations betwe5 diff]5t gr\ps4 ,mr4 ,agassiz's inve/igations on ^! little fi% "h h %[n repeat$ly t ! "y ( "s species resemble closely ! adult ( o!rs4 ,su* a fi%1 n m ?an half an in* long1 0 br\ght to him ye/]day4 ,x con/itutes a new g5us1 ,lymnobelus1 & belongs to ! bill-fi% family1 ,scomb]esoces1 ) ,belone & o!rs1--t long1 n>r[ type1 ) a long beak1 :i* has su* a wide di/ribution ov] ! _w4 ,9 ! ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 x has a repres5tative ( ! g5us ,scomb]esox1 9 :i* ! jaws ( its long sn\t are gap+2 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 & almo/ ev]y:]e 9 ! temp]ate & torrid zones1 ,belones are f\nd 9 :i*1 on ! contr>y1 ! bill is clos$2 9 ,florida & on ! ,brazilian coa/1 z well z 9 ! ,pacific1 species ( ,hemirhamphus occur 9 :i* ! two jaws are unequal1 ! upp] "o be+ v %ort & ! l[] "o enorm\sly long1 :ile ! ,amazonian bill-fi% has a some:at diff]5t cut ( ! bill f ei!r ( ^? m5tion$ above1 ?\gh bo? jaws are v long1 z 9 ,belone4 ,:51 !n1 ! "y ( ?is ,amazonian species 0 br\ght to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 he naturally expect$ to f9d x l its p>5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 he f\nd x f> m l ! species ( ,florida & ! ,brazilian coa/1 hav+ ! two jaws unequal1 ! upp] "o excessively %ort1 ! l[] enorm\sly long1 %[+ t ! ,amazonian species1 be=e tak+ on its own *>act]i/ic features1 passes ?r\gh a /age resembl+ ! p]man5t adult condition ( ! ,hemirhamphus4 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d t animals1 :i* h _! natural homes s f> f ea* o!r t !re is no possibility ( any mat]ial connection betwe5 !m1 are yet s l9k$ toge!r by /ructural laws1 t ! developm5t ( "o species %\ld recall ! adult =m ( ano!r4#gd ,! /ory ( ! ,ac>as1 ! fi% :i* c>ries its "y 9 its m\?1 gr[s daily m wond]ful4 ,?is morn+ ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 (f be=e dawn1 on a fi%+ excursion ) ,major ,e/olano1 & return$ ) num]\s specim5s ( a new species ( t family4 ,^! specim5s furni%$ a complete embryological s]ies1 "s ( !m hav+ _! eggs at ! back ( ! gills1 betwe5 ! upp] ph>yngeals & ! bran*ial ar*es1 o!rs _! "y 9 ! m\? 9 diff]5t /ages ( developm5t1 up to ^? a qu>t] ( an in* long & able to swim ab\t1 full ( life & activity1 :5 remov$ f ! gills & plac$ 9 wat]4 ,! mo/ advanc$ 7 always f\nd outside ( ! gills1 )9 ! cavity =m$ by ! gill-cov]s & ! wide bran*io/egal membrane4 ,9 exam9+ ^! fi%es ,mr4 ,agassiz has f\nd t a special lobe ( ! bra91 simil> to ^? ( ! ,triglas1 s5ds l>ge n]ves to t "p ( ! gills :i* protects ! "y2 ?us connect+ ! c>e ( ! (fspr+ ) ! organ ( intellig5ce4 ,! specim5s ( ?is morn+ seem to invalidate ! /atem5t ( ! fi%]m51 t ! "y1 ?\gh (t5 f\nd 9 ! m\? ( ! p>5t1 are n actually develop$ !re1 b laid & hat*$ 9 ! s&4 ,! s]ies1 9 ^! specim5s1 0 too complete to leave any d\bt t 9 ?is species at lea/ ! :ole process ( developm5t is begun & complet$ 9 ! gill-cavity4 ,octob] #ag?4--,teff4 ,ye/]day1 to our great pleasure1 our companions1 ,mr4 ,james & ,mr4 ,talisman1 return$ f _! canoe exp$ition on ! riv]s ,ia & ,hyutahy1 br++ mo/ valuable collections4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has felt "s anxiety ab\t _! success1 z1 9 consequ5ce ( _! small supply ( alcohol1 = pres]v+ specim5s1 :i* 01 nev]!less1 all he c\ld sp>e f ! common /ore1 a great deal ( judgm5t 9 ! *oice ( specim5s 0 requir$ 9 ord] to make a truly *>act]i/ic collection4 ,! commission c\ld n h be5 bett] execut$1 & ! result raises ! numb] ( species f ! ,amazonian wat]s to m ?an six hundr$1 e day %[+ m cle>ly h[ di/9ctly ! species are localiz$1 & t ?is imm5se bas9 is divid$ into num]\s zological areas1 ea* "o ( :i* has its own comb9ation ( fi%es4 ,our /ay at ,teff draws to a close1 & to-day beg9s ! great "w ( pack+1 9 prep>ation = ! arrival ( ! /eam] at ! end ( ! week4 ,^! days are ! mo/ labori\s ( all2 on leav+ e /ation1 all ! alcoholic specim5s h to be ov]haul$1 _! condition asc]ta9$1 ! b>rels1 kegs1 & cans exam9$1 to make sure t ! hoops are fa/1 & t !re are no leakages4 ,=tunately1 !re are "s ( our p>ty :o are v dext]\s z coop]s & jo9]s1 & at ^! times ! laboratory is turn$ into a work%op4 ,we 7 rem9d$ ( ! labors ( ! day by a circul> di/ribut$ at breakfa/ ?is morn+3-- 8,,sir3--,! #8,unit$ ,coop]s' ,association' w meet 9 ! laboratory aft] breakfa/4 ,y are p>ticul>ly reque/$ to att5d4 8,,teff1 ,oct4 #ag?1 #ahfe40 ,& at ?is mom5t ! laboratory r+s ) click ( hamm]1 & nails1 & iron hoops4 ,z usual1 !re are a numb] ( un9vit$ spectators wat*+ ! break+ up ( ! sci5tific e/abli%m5t1 :i* has be51 dur+ ! pa/ mon?1 a s\rce ( con/ant ent]ta9m5t to ! vagrant population ( ,teff4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ( op5 doors & w9d[s "o has n ! same protection aga9/ intrusion z 9 a cold] climate1 & we h _h a con/ant succession ( curi\s visitors hang+ ab\t our premises4 ,i h dwelt especially on ! fi% collection2 b we d n g away empty-h&$ 9 o!r respects4 ,mr4 ,dext] has prep>$ a l>ge numb] ( ! =e/ birds = m\nt+1--papagaios1 t\cans1 & a great v>iety ( small] species ( v brilliant plumage1 n to speak ( ! less %[y wat]-birds4 ,he has be5 (t5 9 ! woods %oot+1 ) ,mr4 ,hunnewell & ,mr4 ,?ay]1 & has employ$ sev]al sportsm5 ( ! place to assi/ him4 ,turtles1 jac>s1 & snakes are also l>gely repres5t$ 9 ! collections2 & ,mr4 ,agassiz has obta9$1 by pur*ase1 a l>ge & well-pres]v$ collection ( insects1 made by a ,fr5*man dur+ a sev]al ye>s' resid5ce 9 ?is little t[n4 ,9 ,teff & its neighborhood we con/antly tread 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,engli% naturali/1 ,mr4 ,bates1 8,s5hor ,h5rique10 z ! p call him "h1 ^: *>m+ book1 8,! ,naturali/ on ! ,amazons10 has be5 a v pleasant companion to u 9 our w&]+s4#ge ,illu/ration3 ,head ( ,alex&r9a4 ,octob] #ba/4--,s9ce ,?ursday aft]noon our canoe has be5 load$1 all ! specim5s1 am\nt+ to some?+ m ?an ?irty b>rels1 kegs1 & boxes1 pack$ & wait+ ! arrival ( ! /eam]4 ,we h paid our p>t+ visits to fri5ds & acqua9tances "h4 ,i h tak5 my la/ ramble 9 ! woods :]e ,i h _h s _m pleasant walks1 & n[ we are sitt+ 9 ! mid/ ( valises & c>pet-bags1 wait+ to see ! /eam] r\nd ! wood$ po9t 9 front ( ! h\se1 be=e we turn ! key on our f\r weeks' home1 & close ?is *apt] ( our ,amazonian life4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e "t seems to be ( comp>atively little importance1 "o is nev] sure :e!r ! boat w leave or arrive on ! appo9t$ day4 ,"o has only to make ! necess>y prep>ations1 & !n practise ! favorite ,brazilian virtue1 8paci5cia40 ,! adjo9+ sket* is a portrait ( my little h\se-maid1 ,alex&r9a1 :o1 f h] mixture ( ,negro & ,indian blood1 is r a curi\s illu/ration ( ! amalgamation ( races "h4 ,%e cons5t$ ye/]day1 aft] a good deal ( coy demur1 to h h] portrait tak54 ,mr4 ,agassiz want$ x especially on acc\nt ( h] extraord9>y hair1 :i*1 ?\gh x has lo/ its compact negro cr9kle1 & acquir$ some?+ ( ! l5g? & texture ( ! ,indian hair1 reta9s1 nev]!less1 a sort ( wiry ela/icity1 s t1 :5 comb$ out1 x /&s (f f h] head 9 all directions z if electrifi$4 ,9 ! examples ( negro & ,indian half-bre$s we h se51 ! negro type seems ! fir/ to yield1 z if ! m facile disposition ( ! negro1 z comp>$ ) ! endur+ t5acity ( ! ,indian1 %[$ itself 9 _! physical z well z _! m5tal *>act]i/ics4 ,a few rem>ks1 ga!r$ f ,mr4 ,agassiz's notes on ! g5]al "* ( ! population 9 ?is region may n be )\t int]e/4 8,two ?+s are /rongly impress$ on ! m9d ( ! travell] 9 ! ,upp] ,amazons4 ,! necessity1 9 ! fir/ place1 ( a l>g] population1 &1 secondly1 ( a bett] class ( :ites1 be=e any fair beg9n+ c be made 9 develop+ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry2 &1 z an inducem5t to ?is1 ! importance ( tak+ (f all re/ra9t on ! navigation ( ! ,amazons & its tribut>ies1 op5+ !m to ! ambition & competition ( o!r nations4 ,n only is ! :ite population too small = ! task be=e x1 b x is no less poor 9 quality ?an meagre 9 numb]s4 ,x pres5ts ! s+ul> spectacle ( a high] race receiv+ ! impress ( a l[] "o1 ( an educat$ class adopt+ ! habits & s9k+ to ! level ( ! savage4 ,9 ! t[ns ( ! ,solimo5s ! p :o pass = ! :ite g5try ( ! l&1 :ile !y pr(it by ! ignorance ( ! ,indian to *eat & abuse him1 nev]!less adopt 8 social habits1 sit on ! gr\nd & eat ) _! f+]s z he does4 ,al?\gh x is =bidd5 by law to enslave ! ,indian1 !re is a practical slav]y by :i* he becomes z absolutely 9 ! p[] ( ! ma/] z if he c\ld be b\ght & sold4 ,! :ite man engages an ,indian to "w = him at a c]ta9 rate1 at ! same "t promis+ to provide him ) clo!s & food until su* "t z he %all h e>n$ en\gh to take c>e ( himself4 ,?is outfit1 9 fact1 co/s ! employ] little2 b :5 ! ,indian comes to receive 8 wages he is told t he is already 9 debt to 8 ma/] = :at has be5 advanc$ to him2 in/ead ( hav+ a "r to dem& money1 he owes "w4 ,! ,indians1 ev5 ^? :o live ab\t ! t[ns1 are s+ul>ly ignorant ( ! true value ( ?+s4 ,!y all[ !mselves to be deceiv$ 9 ?is way to an extraord9>y ext5t1 & rema9 b\nd to ! s]vice ( a man = a lifetime1 believ+ !mselves "u ! burd5 ( a debt1 :ile !y are1 9 fact1 cr$itors4 ,besides ?is virtual slav]y1 an actual traffic ( ! ,indians does g on3 b x is s f> remov$ f ! p[] ( ! au?orities t !y _c1 if !y w\ld1 put a /op to x4 ,a bett] class ( emigrants w\ld suppress _m ( ^! evils4 ,am]icans or ,engli%m5 might be sordid 9 _! transactions ) ! natives2 _! h&s are c]ta9ly n clean 9 _! deal+s ) ! d>k-sk9n$ races2 b !y w\ld n degrade !mselves to ! social level ( ! ,indians z ! ,portuguese d2 !y w\ld n adopt 8 habits40 ,i _c say good by to ,teff )\t a ^w 9 commemoration ( "o class ( its inhabitants :o h int]f]$ v s]i\sly ) our com=t4 ,!re is a t9y creature call$ ! ,mocuim1 sc>cely visible except = its bright v]milion color1 :i* sw>ms all ov] ! grass & l[ gr[? "h4 ,x p5etrates "u ! sk9 s t "o w\ld suppose a r$ ra% _h brok5 out ov] ! body1 & causes excessive it*+1 end+ sometimes 9 tr\blesome sores4 ,on return+ f a walk x is necess>y to ba! 9 alcohol & wat]1 9 ord] to allay ! heat & irritation produc$ by ^! little wret*es4 ,mosquitoes are annoy+1 piums are vexati\s1 b = conc5trat$ mis]y comm5d me to ! ,mocuim4 ,octob] #bc;d4--,we left ,teff on ,saturday ev5+ on bo>d ! ,icamiaba1 :i* n[ seems q l a home to u2 we h pass$ s _m pleasant h\rs 9 h] com=table qu>t]s s9ce we left ,p>4 ,we are j on ! v]ge ( ! ra9y season "h1 & almo/ e ev5+ dur+ ! pa/ week has br\ght a ?und]-/orm4 ,! ev5+ be=e leav+ ,teff we _h "o ( ! mo/ beautiful /orms we h se5 on ! ,amazons4 ,x came sweep+ up f ! ea/2 ^! squalls always come f ! ea/1 & !re=e ! ,indians say 8! pa? ( ! sun is ! pa? ( ! /orm40 ,! upp]1 light] lay] ( cl\d1 travell+ fa/] ?an ! d>k1 lurid mass bel[1 hung ov] x ) its :ite1 fleecy edge1 l an avalan*e ( sn[ j ab\t to fall4 ,we 7 all sitt+ at ! door/ep wat*+ its swift approa*1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz said t ?is tropical /orm 0 ! mo/ accurate repres5tation ( an avalan*e on ! upp] ,alps he _h ev] se54 ,x seems sometimes z if ,nature play$ ^u h]self1 reproduc+ ! same appe>ances "u ! mo/ dissimil> circum/ances4 ,x is curi\s to m>k ! *ange 9 ! riv]4 ,:5 we rea*$ ,teff x 0 rapidly fall+ at ! rate ( ab\t a foot a day4 ,x 0 easy to measure its retreat by ! effect ( ! occasional ra9s on ! bea*4 ,! %[] ( "o day1 = in/ance1 w\ld gully ! s& to ! wat]'s edge1 & ! next day we w\ld f9d ! wat] ab\t a foot bel[ ! t]m9us ( all ! cracks & ruts ?us caus$1 _! abrupt close %[+ ! l9e at :i* !y met ! wat] ! previ\s day4 ,t5 days or a =tnight be=e we left1 & dur+ :i* we _h heavy ra9s at ! close ( e day1 cont9u+ frequ5tly ?r\gh ! night1 ^? oscillations 9 ! riv] began1 :i* ! p "h call 8repiquete10 & :i*1 on ! ,upp] ,amazons1 prec$e ! regul> rise ( ! wat] dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! fir/ repiquete occurs 9 ,teff t[>d ! end ( ,octob]1 accompani$ by almo/ daily ra9s4 ,aft] a week or s ! wat] falls aga92 9 t5 or twelve days x beg9s once m to asc5d1 & s9ks aga9 aft] ! same p]iod4 ,9 "s seasons !re is a ?ird rise & fall1 b usually ! ?ird repiquete beg9s ! p]man5t annual rise ( ! riv]4 ,on bo>d ! /eam] we 7 jo9$ by ,mr4 ,b\rget1 ) 8 f9e collections f ,tabat+a4 ,he1 l bo? ! o!r p>ties1 has be5 h9d]$1 by want ( alcohol1 f mak+ z l>ge collections z he might o!rwise h done2 b !y are1 nev]!less1 v valuable1 exce$+ly well put up1 & embrac+ a great v>iety ( species1 f ! ,m>aon z well z f ! ,hyav>y4 ,?us we h a ri* h>ve/ f all ! pr9cipal tribut>ies ( ! ,upp] ,amazons1 )9 ! bord]s ( ,brazil1 above ! ,rio ,negro1 except ! ,purus1 :i* mu/ be left unexplor$ = want ( "t & a suffici5t work+ =ce4 ,on leav+ ,teff ,i %\ld say some?+ ( ! nature ( ! soil 9 connection ) ,mr4 ,agassiz's previ\s obs]vations on ?is subject4 ,al?\gh he has be5 almo/ con/antly occupi$ ) 8 collections1 he has1 nev]!less1 f\nd "t to exam9e ! geological =mations ( ! neighborhood4 ,! m he consid]s ! ,amazons & its tribut>ies1 ! m does he feel conv9c$ t ! :ole mass ( ! r$di%1 homog5e\s clay1 :i* he has call$ drift1 is ! glacial deposit br\ght d[n f ! ,&es & work$ ov] by ! melt+ ( ! ice :i* transport$ x4 ,accord+ to 8 view1 ! :ole valley 0 orig9ally fill$ ) ?is deposit1 & ! ,amazons itself1 z well z ! riv]s connect$ ) x1 are s _m *annels worn ?r\gh ! mass1 hav+ cut _! way j z ! ig>ap n[ we>s its way ?r\gh ! m mod]n deposits ( mud & s&4 ,x may seem /range t any "o %\ld comp>e ! =mation ( ^! insignificant =e/-/reams ) t ( ! va/ riv] :i* p\rs itself across a :ole cont95t2 b x is1 aft] all1 only a rev]sal ( ! microscopic process ( inve/igation4 ,we magnify ! microscopically small 9 ord] to see x1 & we mu/ dim9i% t :i* transc5ds our appreh5sion by its great size1 9 ord] to und]/& x4 ,! naturali/ :o wi%es to comp>e an elephant ) a ,coni 7,hyrax71#gf turns ! dim9i%+ end ( 8 glass ^u ! =m]1 &1 r$uc+ its clumsy proportions1 he f9ds t ! diff]5ce is "o ( size r ?an /ructure4 ,! ess5tial features are ! same4 ,s ! little ig>ap1 z x we>s its *annel ?r\gh ! =e/ to-day1 expla9s ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! great riv] & feebly reit]ates ! pa/4 ----- ,footnote #fh3 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t ?\gh a l>ge numb] ( c[s 7 own$ 9 ,teff1 & 7 con/antly se5 fe$+ ab\t ! h\ses1 milk 0 among ! unatta9able luxuries4 ,inde$1 milk is little us$ 9 ,brazil1 s f> z our obs]vation goes4 ,x is ?\ght unheal?y = *ildr51 & p w r give c(fee or tea to a two-ye>-old baby ?an pure milk4 ,! c[s are nev] milk$ regul>ly1 b ! quantity ne$$ = ! mom5t is drawn at any "t4 ,footnote #fi3 ,,teff1 ,septemb] #bb1 #ahfe4 ,,my ,,de> ,,fri5d ,,& ,,honor$ ,,colleague3--,"h ,i h be5 = two mon?s 9 ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons1 & x is "h t ,i h he>d ) sorr[ ( ! dea? ( my old fri5d ,val5ci5nes4 ,i am ! m affect$ by x1 because no "o w\ld h appreciat$ m ?an he ! results ( my j\rney1 :i* ,i _h hop$ soon to %>e ) him4 ,y w naturally und]/& t x is to ! class ( fi%es ,i consecrate ! bett] "p ( my "t1 & my h>ve/ exce$s all my anticipations4 ,y w judge ( x by a few /atem5ts4 ,on rea*+ ,manaos1 at ! junction ( ! ,rio ,negro & ! ,amazons1 ,i _h already collect$ m ?an ?ree hundr$ species ( fi%es1 half ( :i* h be5 pa9t$ f life1 t is1 f ! fi% swimm+ 9 a l>ge glass tank be=e my arti/4 ,i am (t5 pa9$ to see h[ c>elessly color$ plates ( ^! animals h be5 publi%$4 ,n only h we tripl$ ! numb] ( species1 b ,i c\nt new g5]a by doz5s1 & ,i h five or six new families = ! ,amazons1 & "o alli$ to ! ,gobioides entirely new to ,i*?yology4 ,among ! small species especially ,i h f\nd novelties4 ,i h ,*>ac9es ( five or six c5timetres & less1 adorn$ ) ! mo/ beautiful t9ts1 ,cypr9odonts resembl+ a little ^? ( ,cuba & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,scomb]esoces alli$ to ! ,belone ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 a consid]able numb] ( ,c>apoides1 & ,rays ( diff]5t g5]a f ^? ( ! ocean1 & !re=e n species :i* asc5d ! riv]2 & a cr[d ( ,goniodonts & ,*romides ( unpubli%$ g5]a & species4 ,b :at ,i appreciate mo/ highly is ! facility ,i h = /udy+ ! *anges :i* all ^! fi%es und]go ) age & ! diff]5ces ( sex among !m2 :i* are (t5 v consid]able4 ,?us ,i h obs]v$ a species ( ,geophagus 9 :i* ! male has a v conspicu\s protub]ance on ! =ehead1 :olly want+ 9 ! female & ! "y4 ,?is same fi% has a mo/ extraord9>y mode ( reproduction4 ,! eggs pass1 ,i "k n h[1 into ! m\?1 ! bottom ( :i* is l9$ by !m1 betwe5 ! inn] app5dages ( ! bran*ial ar*es1 & especially into a p\*1 =m$ by ! upp] ph>yngials1 :i* !y completely fill4 ,!re !y are hat*$1 & ! little ones1 fre$ f ! egg-case1 are develop$ until !y are 9 a condition to provide = _! own exi/5ce4 ,i d n yet "k h[ long ?is cont9ues2 b ,i h already met ) specim5s ^: "y _h no long] any vitell9e sac1 b 7 /ill h>bor$ by ! prog5itor4 ,z ,i %all /ill pass a mon? at ,teff ,i hope to be able to complete ?is obs]vation4 ,! exam9ation ( ! /ructure ( a great numb] ( ,*romides has l$ me to p]ceive ! aff9ities betwe5 ^! fi%es & sev]al o!r families ) :i* we h nev] ?\ght ( associat+ !m4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i h conv9c$ myself t ! ,*romides1 =m]ly scatt]$ among ! ,labroides & ! ,scinoids1 really con/itute a natural gr\p recogniz$ ne>ly at ! same "t & 9 an indep5d5t mann] by ,heckel & ,j4 ,mll]4 ,b1 beside ^!1 !re are ! g5]a ,enoplosus1 ,pomotis1 ,c5tr>*us1 & "s o!r neighbor+ g5]a1 class$ among ! ,p]coids by all ,i*?yologi/s1 :i* seem to me1 f ?is di/ance & )\t means ( direct comp>ison1 s ne> ! ,*romides t ,i d n see h[ !y c be sep>at$1 especially n[ t ,i "k ! l[] ph>yngials n to be inv>iably sold]$ 9 ! ,*romides4 ,& !n ! embryology & metamorphoses ( ! ,*romides1 :i* ,i h j be5 /udy+1 h conv9c$ me t ! fi%es ) labyr9?ic bran*i1 sep>at$ f all o!r fi%es by ,cuvi]1 z a family entirely isolat$ on acc\nt ( ! /range /ructure ( its respiratory organs1 are closely relat$ to ! ,*romides4 ,?us ?is gr\p becomes1 by its v>i\s aff9ities1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! class ( fi%es1 & ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons seems to be ! true home ( ?is family4 ,i w n fatigue y ) my i*?yological rese>*es2 let me only add1 t ! fi%es are n uni=mly spread ov] ?is great bas94 ,i h already acquir$ ! c]ta9ty t we mu/ di/+ui% sev]al i*?yological faun v cle>ly *>act]iz$4 ,?us ! species inhabit+ ! riv] ( ,p>1 f ! bord]s ( ! sea to ! m\? ( ! ,tocant9s1 diff] f ^? :i* are met 9 ! network ( ana/omoses unit+ ! riv] ( ,p> ) ! ,amazons prop]4 ,! species ( ! ,amazons bel[ ! ,x+u diff] f ^? :i* occur high] up2 ^? ( ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,x+u diff] f ^? ( ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,tapajoz4 ,^? ( ! num]\s ig>aps & lakes ( ,manaos diff] z mu* f ^? ( ! pr9cipal c\rse ( ! great riv] & ( its great afflu5ts4 ,x rema9s n[ to /udy ! *anges :i* may take place 9 ?is di/ribution 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 accord+ to ! height ( ! wat]s1 & p]haps also accord+ to ! epo* at :i* ! diff]5t species lay _! eggs4 ,?us f> ,i h met b a small numb] ( species hav+ a v ext5sive area ( di/ribution4 ,"o ( ^? is ! ,sudis gigas1 f\nd almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,x is ! mo/ important fi% ( ! riv]1 t :i*1 z food1 corresponds to cattle = ! population along ! banks4 ,ano!r problem to be solv$ is1 h[ f> ?is ph5om5on ( ! local di/ribution ( fi%es is repeat$ 9 ! great afflu5ts ( ! ,amazons4 ,i %all try to solve x 9 asc5d+ ! ,rio ,negro & ,rio ,madeira1 & z ,i return to ,manaos ,i %all be able to comp>e my fir/ obs]vations 9 ?is locality ) ^? ( ano!r season ( ! ye>4 ,adieu1 my de> fri5d4 ,rememb] me to ,m4 ,elie de ,beaumont & to ^? ( my colleagues ( ! ,academy :o are int]e/$ 9 my pres5t /udies4 ,my k9d remembrance also to y\r son4 ,always y\rs1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #gj3 ,we f\nd t ?is in=mation 0 incorrect1 at lea/ = "s species1 z w be se5 h]eaft]4 ,i let ! /atem5t /& 9 ! text1 h[ev]1 z an in/ance ( ! difficulty "o has 9 gett+ correct facts1 & ! dang] ( tru/+ to ! obs]vations ev5 ( p :o mean to tell ! real tru?4 ,no d\bt "s ( ^! ,ac>as d occasionally deposit _! "y 9 ! s&1 & cont9ue a c]ta9 c>e ( !m till !y are able to %ift = !mselves4 ,b ! /ory ( ! fi%]man 0 "o ( ^? half tru?s z likely to mislead1 z if x _h be5 :olly false4 ,i w add "h a few details conc]n+ ^! ,ac>as1 a "n appli$ by ! natives to all ! oval-%ap$ ,*romides4 ,! species :i* lay _! eggs 9 ! s& belong to ! g5]a ,hydrogonus & ,*tobran*us4 ,l ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,pomotis1 !y build a k9d ( flat ne/ 9 ! s& or mud1 9 :i* !y deposit _! eggs1 hov]+ ov] !m until ! "y are hat*$4 ,! species :i* c>ry _! "y 9 ! m\? belong to sev]al g5]a1 =m]ly all includ$ "u ! "n ( ,geophagus by ,heckel4 ,i c\ld n asc]ta9 h[ ! eggs are br\ght into ! m\?1 b ! *ange mu/ take place soon aft] !y are laid1 = ,i h f\nd 9 t position eggs 9 :i* ! embryo _h j begun its developm5t z well z ^? 9 a m advanc$ /age ( gr[?4 ,occasionally1 in/ead ( eggs1 ,i h f\nd ! cavity ( ! gills1 z also ! space enclos$ by ! bran*io/egal membrane1 fill$ ) a brood ( "y already hat*$4 ,! eggs be=e hat*+ are always f\nd 9 ! same "p ( ! m\?1 namely1 9 ! upp] "p ( ! bran*ial ar*es1 protect$ or held toge!r by a special lobe or valve =m$ ( ! upp] ph>yngeals4 ,! cavity ?us occupi$ by ! eggs corresponds exactly to ! labyr9? ( t curi\s family ( fi%es inhabit+ ! ,ea/ ,indian ,ocean1 call$ ,labyr9?ici by ,cuvi]4 ,?is circum/ance induces me to believe t ! bran*ial labyr9? ( ! ea/]n fi%es may be a bre$+ p\*1 l t ( our ,*romides1 & n simply a respiratory app>atus = reta9+ wat]4 ,9 ! ,amazonian fi% a v s5sitive network ( n]ves spreads ov] ?is m>supial p\*1 ! pr9cipal /em ( :i* arises f a special n]v\s ganglion1 back ( ! c]ebellum1 9 ! m$ulla oblongata4 ,?is region ( ! c5tral n]v\s sy/em is /rangely develop$ 9 diff]5t families ( fi%es1 & s5ds out n]ves p]=m+ v v>i$ functions4 ,f x arise1 normally1 ! n]ves ( movem5t & s5sation ab\t ! face2 x also provides ! organs ( brea?+1 ! upp] "p ( ! alim5t>y canal1 ! ?roat & ! /oma*4 ,9 ! electric fi%es ! great n]ves ent]+ ! electric batt]y arise f ! same c]ebral region1 & n[ ,i h f\nd t ! p\* 9 :i* ! egg ( ! ,ac>a is incubat$ & its "y nurs$ = a "t1 receives its n]ves f ! same s\rce4 ,?is s]ies ( facts is truly wond]ful1 & only %[s h[ f> our sci5ce /ill is f an appreh5sion ( ! functions ( ! n]v\s sy/em4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ga3 ,x is a v g5]al habit among ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,indians to pi]ce ! nose1 e>s1 & lips ) holes1 9 :i* !y hang pieces ( wood & fea!rs1 z ornam5ts4 ,footnote #gb3 ,see 8,exp$itions into ! ,valley ( ! ,amazons10 publi%$ by ! ,hakluyt ,society4 ,footnote #gc3 ,?is species belongs to "o ( ! subdivisions ( ! g5us ,au*5ipt]us2 x is undescrib$1 & ,mr4 ,burkh>dt has made five color$ sket*es ( a numb] ( specim5s ( diff]5t sizes1 v>y+ 9 _! m>k+s4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #gd3 ,:5 ,i attempt$ to record my impression ( ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons1 & *>act]iz$ x z a fre%-wat] ocean ) an ar*ipelago ( isl&s1 ,i did n mean to limit ! comp>ison to ! wide expanse ( wat] & ! l>ge numb] ( isl&s4 ,! resemblance ext5ds mu* fur!r1 & ! :ole bas9 may be said to be oceanic also1 9 ! "* ( its fauna4 ,x is true1 we are accu/om$ to consid] ! ,*romides1 ! ,*>ac9es1 ! ,siluroids1 & ! ,goniodonts1 :i* con/itute ! *ief population ( ?is network ( riv]s1 z fre%-wat] fi%es2 b 9 s do+ we %ut our eyes to _! natural aff9ities1 & rememb] only ! m$ium 9 :i* !y live4 ,let any "o ent] ^u a m se>*+ comp>ison1 & he w n fail to p]ceive t1 "u ! "n ( ,*romides1 fi%es are unit$ :i* 9 _! =m & g5]al appe>ance recall sev]al families ( ! class1 only kn[n z inhabitants ( ! sea4 ,! g5us ,pt]ophyllum1 = in/ance1 might be plac$ side by side ) ! ,*todonts1 )\t app>5tly violat+ its natural aff9ities1 s9ce ev5 ,cuvi] consid]$ x z a ,platax4 ,! g5]a ,symphysodon & ,u>u w\ld n seem v mu* out ( place1 by ! side ( ,brama4 ,! g5us ,geophagus & alli$ =ms recall at once ! ,sp>oids1 ) :i* "s ( !m 7 associat$ by e>li] i*?yologi/s2 :ile ! g5us ,cr5ici*la =ms a /rik+ c\nt]p>t to ! g5us ,malacan?us4 ,f9ally1 ! g5us ,ac>a & _! k9dr$ closely resemble ! ,pomac5troids4 ,inde$1 _h n ! fre%-wat] g5]a ,pomotis1 ,c5tr>*us1 & ! l1 be5 errone\sly associat$ ) ! ,p]coids1 ! intimate relations :i* b9d !m to ! ,*romides1 & ^! aga9 to ! m>9e types m5tion$ above1 w\ld long ago h be5 ackn[l$g$4 ,! g5us ,monocirrus is a m9iature ,toxotes1 ) a b>bel4 ,polyc5trus1 :i* is also f\nd 9 ! ,amazons1 /&s ne>e/ to ,ac>a & ,h]os2 x has only a l>g] numb] ( anal sp9es4 ,9 ?is connection x ought n to be ov]look$ t ^! fi%es are n pelagic1 l ! ,scomb]oids1 b r ar*ipelagic1 if ,i may use ?is ^w to designate fi%es dwell+ among l[ isl&s4 ,if we disc>d ! long-prevail+ idea ( a close relation%ip betwe5 ! ,*>ac9es & ,salmonides1 bas$ solely ^u ! pres5ce ( an adipose f91 we may at once p]ceive h[ manifold are ! aff9ities betwe5 ! ,*>ac9es on "o h&1 & on ! o!r ! ,scopel9es & ,clupeoids1 all ( :i* are ess5tially m>9e4 ,^! relations may be trac$ to ! details ( ! g5]a2 ,ga/]opelecus1 f ! family ( ,*>ac9es1 is ! p5dant ( ,pri/iga/] among ! ,clupeoids1 z ,*alc9us recalls ,pellona4 ,9 ! same way may ,/omias & ,*auliodus be comp>$ to ,cynodon & ! l2 or ,sudis & ,o/eoglossum to ,megalops1 & ,ery?r9us to ,ophicephalus1 c41 c4 ,! ,goniodonts may at fir/ sight h>dly seem to h any k9dr$ among m>9e fi%es2 b if we take into acc\nt ! aff9ity :i* unque/ionably l9ks ! g5us ,loric>ia & its allies ) ,pegasus1 & fur!r rememb] t to ?is day all ! i*?yologi/s1 ) ! sole exception ( ,c4 ,dumril1 h unit$ ,pegasus 9 "o ord] ) ! ,pipe-fi%es1 x w no long] be d\bt$ t ! ,goniodonts h at lea/ a rem>kable analogy ) ! ,lophobran*es1 if !y %\ld n be consid]$ z be>+ a close /ructural relation to !m4 ,b ?is relation truly exi/s4 ,! extraord9>y mode ( re>+ _! "y1 :i* *>act]izes ! v>i\s repres5tatives ( ! old g5us ,syngna?us1 is only mat*$ by ! equally curi\s incubation ( ! eggs 9 ,loric>ia4 ,& z to ! o!r families repres5t$ 9 ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons1 su* z ! ,skates1 ! ,%>ks1 ! ,tetraodonts1 ! ,flat-fi%es 7,pleuronectides71 ! ,bill-fi%es 7,scomb]esoces71 ! ,an*ovis1 ,h]r+s1 & o!r =ms ( ! family ( ,clupeoids1 ! ,murnoids1 ! g5u9e ,scinoids1 ! ,gobioids1 c41 c41 !y are *iefly kn[n z m>9e types2 :ile ! ,cypr9odonts occur else:]e bo? 9 salt & fre% wat]4 ,! ,gymnot9es are ?us f> only kn[n z fre%-wat] fi%es1 nor d ,i see any gr\nd = comp>+ !m to any m>9e type4 ,!y _c be comp>$ to ! ,murnoids1 ) :i* !y h ?us f> be5 associat$4 ,! only real aff9ity ,i c trace 9 !m is ) ! ,mormyri ( ! ,nile & ,s5egal1 & ) ! ,notopt]i ( ! ,sunda ,isl&s4 ,eel-%ap$ fi%es are by no means all relat$ to "o ano!r1 & _! elongat$ =m1 ) a v>iety ( patt]ns1 is no indication ( _! relation%ip4 ,x may1 nev]!less1 be inf]r$ f :at prec$es1 t ! fi%es ( ! ,amazons h1 z a :ole1 a m>9e "* peculi>ly _! own1 & n at all to be met ) among ! inhabitants ( ! o!r great riv]s ( ! _w4 ,^! peculi>ities ext5d to o!r classes besides fi%es4 ,among ! ,bivalve %ells1 x has long be5 kn[n t ! ,amazons n\ri%es g5]a ( ,naiades peculi> to its wat]s1 or only f\nd besides 9 ! o!r great riv]s ( ,s\? ,am]ica2 su* z ,hyria1 ,ca/alia1 & ,mycetopus1 to :i* ,i w\ld add ano!r g5us1 f\nd$ ^u sl5d]1 sickle-%ap$ ,unios1 common to ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,b :at seems to h escap$ ! att5tion ( con*ologi/s is ! /rik+ resemblance ( ,hyria & ,avicula1 ( ,ca/alia & ,arca1 ( ,mycetopus & ,sol51 c4 ,?us exhibit+ ano!r repetition ( m>9e types 9 a family exclusively limit$ to fre% wat]s1 & hav+ /ructural *>act]s ( its own1 entirely di/9ct f ! m>9e g5]a1 ! appe>ance ( :i* !y s closely ape4 ,9 ?is connection ,i _c suppress ! rem>k1 t x w\ld be pu]ile to consid] su* mimicry z indicative ( a community ( orig94 ,"s ( ! l& %ells ev5 recall m>9e =ms2 su* are "s ( ! ,bulimus tribe1 :i* resemble ! g5us ,phasianella & ,littor9a f> m ?an _! own relatives4 ,! simil>ity ( ! fr+es ( ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! foot is p>ticul>ly /rik+4 ,! ,ampull>i rem9d "o also1 9 a measure1 ( ! m>9e g5]a ,/ru?iol>ia1 ,natica1 c41 & _m fossils ( ! latt] family h be5 conf\nd$ ) fre%-wat] ,ampull>i4 ,! mo/ noticeable feature ( ! ,amazonian fauna1 consid]$ ) ref]5ce to its oceanic "*1 is1 h[ev]1 ! abundance ( ,cetaceans ?r\gh its :ole ext5t4 ,:]ev] ,i h navigat$ ^! wat]s1 f ,p>1 :]e ! tides /ill s5d ! salt br9e up ! riv]1 to ,tabat+a on ! bord]s ( ,p]u1 9 all ! l>g] & small] tribut>ies ( ! great /ream z well z 9 ! _m lakes connect$ ) _! ev]-*ang+ c\rse1 ,i h se5 & he>d !m1 gambol+ at ! surface & snor+ rhy?mically1 :5 undi/urb$ 9 _! brea?+4 ,at night1 especially1 :5 quietly at an*or 9 ! riv]1 y h>dly ev] fail to be />tl$ by ! noise !y make1 :5 rea*+ ! surface to exhale =cibly ! air !y h long reta9$ 9 _! lungs :ile "u wat]4 ,i h notic$ five diff]5t species ( ?is ord] ( animals 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,amazons1 f\r ( :i* belong to ! family ( ,porpoises & "o to t ( ,manatees4 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt has drawn ?ree ( !m f fre% specim5s = me1 & ,i hope be=e long to secure equally fai?ful repres5tations ( ! o!rs1 :5 ,i %all describe !m all comp>atively4 ,"o ( ! ,porpoises belongs to ! g5us ,inia1 & may be trac$ on ! upp] tribut>ies ( ! ,amazons to ,bolivia1 ano!r resembles m our common ,porpoise1 :ile /ill ano!r recalls ! ,dolph9 ( ! sea-coa/2 b ,i h be5 unable to asc]ta9 :e!r any "o ( !m is id5tical ) ! m>9e species4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! black ,porpoise ( ! bay ( ,m>ajo1 frequ5tly se5 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p>1 is totally diff]5t f ! gray species se5 high] up ! /ream4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ge3 ,z f ! beg9n+ our arrangem5ts 7 made to /ay at lea/ a mon? 9 ,teff1 x became possible to lay out our "w 9 a m sy/ematic =m ?an dur+ our rambl+ travels4 ,x 0 "h t ,i secur$ ! l>ge/ numb] ( fi% skeletons & _h sev]al ( ! l>g] animals ( ! c\ntry prep>$ = ! ,museum2 su* z ,manatees1 ,porpoises1 ,pir>ucus1 ,sorubims1 & ! l4 ,i also und]took "h1 = ! fir/ "t1 a regul> se>* = ! "y ( all ! species ( fi%es t c\ld be obta9$4 ,"h aga9 my neighbors1 & inde$ all ! inhabitants ( ! place1 vi$ ) "o ano!r 9 _! ef=ts to procure specim5s = me4 ,s5hor ,joa da ,cunha & ,dr4 ,romualdo made frequ5t fi%+ excursions = my b5efit2 & :5 ,i c\ld n accompany !m1 a boatful ( fi% 0 nev]!less moor$ to ! %ore1 9 ! ev5+1 f :i* ,i c\ld select :atev] 0 useful or int]e/+4 ,! groc] ( ! place1 ,mr4 ,p$ro ,m5dez1 :o employ$ a skilful fi%]man daily to supply 8 l>ge family1 gave directions t all ! fi%es caught %\ld be br\ght 91 & be=e ! kit*5 receiv$ its provisions1 ,i _h my *oice ( ev]y?+4 ,?is 0 a great favor1 especially s9ce ! ,indian fi%]man1 ,jos1 :om ,i _h engag$ 9 ,manaos to accompany me ?r\gh ! re/ ( my j\rney1 0 n[ at ,tabat+a1 assi/+ ,mr4 ,b\rget1 :o _h be5 left !re :5 ,i return$ to ,teff4 ,an old ,pass ,indian1 :o 0 z famili> ) ! fi%es ( ! wat]s z ) ! animals ( ! =e/1 & :om ,major ,c\t9ho _h befri5d$ = _m ye>s1 r5d]$ also great s]vice 9 hunt+ p>ticul> k9ds ( fi%es & reptiles1 ! haunts ( :i* he alone seem$ to "k4 ,! s*oolma/] & 8 boys1 9 %ort1 ev]ybody :o knew h[ to cat* fi% or f[l1 0 out at "w1 &1 ) ! assi/ance ( my "y fri5ds ,dext]1 ,hunnewell1 & ,?ay]1 & ! co-op]ation ( ,major ,c\t9ho & ,mr4 ,burkh>dt1 our daily progress 0 unmi/akable4 ,!y g5]ally took c>e ( ! collections ( l& animals1 :ile ,i res]v$ ! fi%es to myself1 & ,major ,c\t9ho 0 busy ) geological & meteorological obs]vations4 ,ev5 ! s]vants help$ 9 clean+ ! skeletons4 ,i made "h a v ext5sive collection ( fi% bra9s1 embrac+ mo/ g5]a f\nd 9 ?is locality1 b x 0 un=tunately lo/ on arriv+ at ,manaos4 ,aw>e ( ! difficulty ( transport+ prep>ations s delicate1 ,i kept !m always by my side1 simply pack$ 9 an op5 b>rel1 9 ! hope ( br++ !m safely home1 & also t ,i might1 )\t difficulty1 add to ! numb]4 ,9 an ungu>d$ mom5t1 h[ev]1 :ile l&+1 "o ( our att5dants capsiz$ ! :ole into ! ,rio ,negro4 ,x is ! only "p ( my collections :i* 0 completely lo/4 ,aft] sett+ my :ole p>ty well "u way 9 ,teff1 ,i made ! v in/ructive excursion ) ,major ,e/olano1 ( :i* an acc\nt is giv5 9 ! text1 to ! ,lago d ,boto1 a small %eet ( wat]1 by ! side ( 8 sitio on ! banks ( ! ma9 c\rse ( ! ,amazons1 :]e ,i _h a fair opportunity ( asc]ta9+ h[ widely diff]5t ! fi%es may be t inhabit adjo9+ faun 9 ! same hydrographic bas94 ,to ?is day ,i h n yet recov]$ f my surprise at f9d+ t %ores :i*1 f a geographic po9t ( view1 mu/ be consid]$ simply z opposite banks ( ! same /ream1 71 nev]!less1 ! abode ( an ess5tially diff]5t i*?yological population4 ,among ! mo/ curi\s fi%es obta9$ "h1 ,i w\ld m5tion a new g5us1 alli$ to ,phractocephalus1 ( :i* ,i "k only a s+le v l>ge species1 rem>kable = its uni=m can>y-yell[ color4 ,doras1 ,ace/ra1 ,pt]ygopli*?ys1 c41 7 p>ticul>ly common4 ,small z ?is lake is1 ! l>ge/ animals kn[n 9 ! :ole bas9 are f\nd 9 x3 su* z ,manatees ,botos1--! ,porpoise ( ! ,amazons1 :i* has giv5 its "n to ! lake1 ,alligators1 ,pir>ucus1--! ,sudis gigas ( sy/ematic writ]s2 ,sorubims1 ! l>ge flat-head$ ,hornp\ts2 ,pacamums1 ! l>ge1 yell[ ,siluroid above allud$ to1 c41 c4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #gf3 ,x 0 ,cuvi] :o fir/ asc]ta9$ t ! small ,hyrax belongs to ! same ord] z ! elephant4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,return ,,to ,,manaos4--,,amazonian ,,picnic4 ,,arrival ,,at ,,manaos4--,,new ,,qu>t]s4--,,! 8,,ibicuhy40--,,news ,,f ,,home4--,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,cascade4--,,banheiras ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,excursion ,,to ,,lake ,,hyanu>y4--,,"* ,,& ,,prospects ,,( ,,! ,,amazonian ,,valley4--,,reception ,,at ,,! ,,lake4--,,description ,,( ,,sitio4--,,successful ,,fi%+4--,,indian ,,visitors4--,,indian ,,ball4--,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,danc+4--,,di/urb$ ,,night4--,,canoe ,,excursion4--,,sc5]y4--,,ano!r ,,sitio4--,,morals ,,& ,,mann]s4--,,talk ,,) ,,! ,,indian ,,wom54--,,life ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,life ,,9 ,,! ,,t[ns4--,,d9n]-,,p>ty4--,,toa/s4--,,ev5 + ,,r[ ,,on ,,! ,,lake4--,,night ,,sc5e4--,,smok+ ,,among ,,! ,,s5horas4--,,return ,,to ,,manaos4 ,octob] #bd?4--,manaos4 ,we rea*$ ,manaos ye/]day4 ,z we l&$ 9 ! aft]noon1 & z our arrival _h n be5 expect$ ) any c]ta9ty1 we _h to wait a little :ile = lodg+s2 b be=e night we 7 fairly e/abli%$1 our corps ( assi/ants & all our sci5tific app>atus1 9 a small h\se ne> ! %ore1 ,mr4 ,agassiz & myself 9 an old1 rambl+ edifice1 us$ :5 we 7 "h be=e = ! public treasury1 :i* is n[ remov$ to ano!r build+4 ,our abode has /ill r ! air ( a public e/abli%m5t1 b x is v qua9t & pleasant inside1 &1 f its op51 spaci\s "*1 is especially agreeable 9 ?is climate4 ,! ap>tm5t 9 :i* we h tak5 up our qu>t]s1 mak+ x s]ve bo? z draw+-room & *amb]1 is a long1 l(ty hall1 op5+ by a numb] ( doors & w9d[s on a l>ge1 gre5 enclosure1 call$ by c\rtesy a g>d51 b :i* is1 aft] all1 only a ragg$ space ov]gr[n ) grass1 & hav+ a few trees 9 x4 ,nev]!less1 x makes a pleasant backgr\nd ( %ade & v]dure4 ,at ! upp] end ( our airy room hang our hammocks1 & "h are dispos$ our trunks1 boxes1 c42 9 ! o!r half are a c\ple ( writ+-tables1 a ,yankee rock+-*air t looks z if x might h come out ( a ,ma9e f>m]'s h\se1 a l\ng+-*air1 & "o or two o!r pieces ( furniture1 :i* give x a dome/ic look & make x s]ve v well z a p>lor4 ,!re are _m o!r ap>tm5ts 9 ?is rambl+1 rickety ca/le ( ours1 ) its brick floors & its rat-holes1 its l(ty1 b>e walls1 & r\gh raft]s ov]head2 b ?is is ! only "o we h und]tak5 to make habitable1 & to my eye x pres5ts a v happy comb9ation ( ! cosey & ! picturesque4 ,we h be5 already urg$ by "s ( our hospitable fri5ds "h to take o!r lodg+s2 b we are mu* pleas$ ) our qu>t]s1 & pref] to reta9 !m1 at lea/ = ! pres5t4 ,on our arrival we 7 greet$ by ! tid+s t ! fir/ /eam] ( ! l9e rec5tly op5$ betwe5 ,new ,york & ,brazil _h t\*$ at ,p> on h] way to ,rio4 ,accord+ to all acc\nts1 ?is has be5 made ! occasion ( great rejoic+2 &1 inde$1 !re appe>s to be a /rong desire ?r\gh\t ,brazil to /r5g!n 9 e way h] relations ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! op5+ ( ?is l9e seems to br+ u ne>] home1 & its ann\ncem5t1 9 connection ) excell5t news1 public & private1 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 made ! day ( our return to ,manaos a v happy "o4 ,a few h\rs aft] our own arrival ! /eam] 8,ibicuhy10 provid$ by ! gov]nm5t = our use1 came into port4 ,to our great pleasure1 %e br+s ,mr4 ,tav>es ,ba/os1 deputy f ,alagoas1 ^: uni=m k9dness to u p]sonally ev] s9ce our arrival 9 ,brazil1 z well z 8 int]e/ 9 ! success ( ! exp$ition1 make x a great pleasure to meet him aga94 ,?is morn+ ,mr4 ,agassiz receiv$ ! (ficial docum5t plac+ ! /eam] at 8 disposition1 & also a visit f h] comm&]1 ,capta9 ,f>ia4 ,octob] #bf?4--,ye/]day morn+ at six o'clock we made our fir/ excursion to a pretty spot mu* talk$ ( 9 ,manaos on acc\nt ( its attractions = ba?+1 picnics1 & c\ntry enjoym5ts ( all sorts4 ,x is call$ ! 8little cascade10 to di/+ui% x f a l>g] &1 x is said1 a mu* m picturesque fall1 half a league f ! city on ! o!r side4 ,half an h\r's r[ ?r\gh a w9d+ riv] br+s y to a rocky causeway1 ov] :i* ! wat] comes brawl+ d[n 9 a %all[ rapid4 ,"h y l&1 & a pa? ?r\gh ! trees leads along ! edge ( ! ig>ap to a succession ( 8banheiras10 z !y call !m "h2 & !y are inde$ woodl& ba?+-pools fit = ,diana & h] nymphs1 completely surr\nd$ by trees1 & s sep>at$ f ea* o!r by leafy scre5s1 t a numb] ( p]sons may ba! 9 p]fect seclusion4 ,! wat] ru%es ?r\gh !m ) a delici\s fre%ness1 =m+ a little cascade 9 ea*4 ,! inhabitants make ! mo/ ( ?is =e/ ba?+ e/abli%m5t :ile x la/s2 ! rise ( ! riv] dur+ ! ra9y season ov]fl[s & effaces x completely = half ! ye>4 ,:ile we 7 ba?+1 ! boatm5 _h light$ a fire1 & :5 we return$ to ! l&+ we f\nd a pot ( c(fee simm]+ v tempt+ly ov] ! emb]s4 ,?us refre%$1 we return$ to t[n j z ! heat ( ! day 0 beg9n+ to be oppressive4 ,octob] #bh?4--,ye/]day morn+1 at ab\t half pa/ six o'clock1 we left ,manaos on an excursion to ! ,lake ( ,hyanu>y on ! we/]n side ( ! ,rio ,negro4 ,! morn+ 0 unusually fre% = ^! latitudes1 & a /rong w9d 0 bl[+ up s heavy a sea 9 ! riv]1 t1 if x did n make "o actually sea-sick1 x c]ta9ly call$ up v vivid & pa9ful associations4 ,we 7 9 a l>ge eight-o>$ cu/om-h\se b>ge1 our company consi/+ ( ,8 ,excell5cy ,dr4 ,epam9ondas1 ,presid5t ( ! prov9ce1 8 ,secret>y1 ,s5hor ,codic]a1 ,s5hor ,tav>es ,ba/os1 ,major ,c\t9ho1 ,mr4 ,agassiz & myself1 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt1 ,mr4 ,dext]1 & ,mr4 ,james4 ,we 7 prec$$ by a small] boat1 an ,indian mont>ia1 9 :i* 0 our fri5d ,s5hor ,honorio1 :o has be5 s k9d z to all[ u to breakfa/ & d9e ) him dur+ our /ay "h1 & :o1 hav+ und]tak5 to provide = our creature com=ts1 _h ! c>e ( a boatful ( provisions4 ,aft] an h\r's r[ we left ! r\gh wat]s ( ! ,rio ,negro1 &1 r\nd+ a wood$ po9t1 turn$ into an ig>ap :i* gradually n>r[$ up into "o ( ^? %ad$1 w9d+ /reams1 :i* make ! *>m ( su* excursions 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,a ragg$ drap]y ( long1 fad$ grass hung f ! l[] bran*es ( ! trees1 m>k+ ! height ( ! la/ rise ( ! riv] to "s eighte5 or tw5ty feet above its pres5t level4 ,"h & !re a :ite h]on /ood on ! %ore1 8 sn[y plumage glitt]+ 9 ! sunlight1 & numb]s ( ,ciganas 7,opi/ocomus71 ! pheasants ( ! ,amazons1 clu/]$ 9 ! bu%es2 once a pair ( l>ge k+ vultures 7,s>corhamphus papa7 re/$ = a mom5t )9 gun%ot1 b flew out ( sight z our canoe approa*$2 & n[ & !n an alligator %[$ 8 head above wat]4 ,z we float$ along ?r\gh ?is picturesque *annel1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! wond]ful region to :i* we 7 all m or less /rang]s1 ,dr4 ,epam9ondas & ,s5hor ,tav>es ,ba/os be+ "h also = ! fir/ "t1 ! conv]sation turn$ naturally en\gh ^u ! nature ( ?is ,amazonian valley1 its physical con=mation1 its orig9 & res\rces1 its hi/ory pa/ & to come1 bo? alike obscure1 bo? ! subject ( wond] & speculation4 ,s5hor ,tav>es ,ba/os1 al?\gh n yet ?irty ye>s ( age1 is already di/+ui%$ 9 ! politics ( 8 c\ntry1 & f ! mom5t he ent]$ ^u public life to ! pres5t "t ! legislation ( ! ,amazons1 its relation to ! future progress & developm5t ( ! ,brazilian ,empire1 h be5 ! object ( 8 deepe/ int]e/4 ,he is a lead] 9 t class ( m5 :o advocate ! mo/ lib]al policy ) reg>d to ?is "q1 & has already urg$ ^u 8 c\ntrym5 ! importance1 ev5 f selfi% motives1 ( %>+ _! great treasure ) ! _w4 ,he 0 little m ?an tw5ty ye>s ( age :5 he publi%$ 8 pap]s on ! op5+ ( ! ,amazons1 :i* h done m1 p]haps1 ?an any?+ else1 ( late ye>s1 to attract att5tion to ! subject4#gg ,!re are po9ts :]e ! rese>*es ( ! /atesman & ! inve/igator meet1 & natural sci5ce is n )\t a voice ev5 9 ! practical be>+s ( ?is "q4 ,%all ?is region be legislat$ = z sea or l&8 ,%all ! int]e/s ( agriculture or navigation prevail 9 its c\ncils8 ,is x ess5tially aquatic or t]re/rial8 ,su* 7 "s ( ! inquiries :i* came up 9 ! c\rse ( ! discussion4 ,a region ( c\ntry :i* /ret*es across a :ole cont95t & is flood$ = half ! ye>1 :]e !re c nev] be railroads or highways1 or ev5 p$e/rian travell+ to any great ext5t1 c h>dly be consid]$ z dry l&4 ,x is true t 9 ?is oceanic riv]-sy/em ! tidal action has an annual in/ead ( a daily ebb & fl[1 t its rise & fall obey a l>g] orb1 & is rul$ by ! sun & n ! moon2 b x is1 nev]!less1 subject to all ! conditions ( a subm]g$ di/rict1 & mu/ be treat$ z su*4 ,inde$1 ^! semiannual *anges ( level are f> m p[]ful 9 _! influ5ce on ! life ( ! inhabitants ?an any m>9e tides4 ,p sail half ! ye> above di/ricts :]e = ! o!r half !y walk1 ?\gh h>dly dry %od1 ov] ! soak$ gr\nd2 _! occupations1 _! dress1 _! habits are modifi$ 9 accordance ) ! dry & wet seasons4 ,& n only ! ways ( life1 b ! :ole aspect ( ! c\ntry1 ! "* ( ! l&scape1 are *ang$4 ,! two picturesque cascades1 at "o ( :i* we took our ba? ! o!r morn+1 & at ?is season su* favorite resorts ) ! inhabitants ( ,manaos1 w disappe> 9 a few mon?s1 :5 ! riv] rises = "s =ty feet above its l[e/ level4 ,_! bold rocks & %ady nooks w h become riv] bottom4 ,all t we he> or read ( ! ext5t ( ! ,amazons & its tribut>ies fails to give an idea ( its imm5sity z a :ole4 ,"o mu/ float = mon?s ^u its surface1 9 ord] to und]/& h[ fully wat] has ! ma/]y ov] l& along its bord]s4 ,its wat]y labyr9? is r a fre%-wat] ocean1 cut up & divid$ by l&1 ?an a network ( riv]s4 ,inde$1 ?is :ole valley is an aquatic1 n a t]re/rial bas92 & x is n /range1 :5 look$ ^u f ?is po9t ( view1 t its =e/s %\ld be less full ( life1 comp>atively1 ?an its riv]s4 ,:ile we 7 discuss+ ^! po9ts1 talk+ ( ! "t :5 ! banks ( ! ,amazons w teem ) a population m active & vigor\s ?an any x has yet se51--:5 all civiliz$ nations w %>e 9 its weal?1 :5 ! tw9 cont95ts w %ake h&s & ,am]icans ( ! ,nor? come to help ,am]icans ( ! ,s\? 9 develop+ its res\rces1--:5 x w be navigat$ f nor? to s\? z well z f ea/ to we/1 & small /eam]s w run up to ! head-qu>t]s ( all its tribut>ies1--:ile we 7 speculat+ on ^! ?+s1 we 7 approa*+ ! end ( our j\rney2 & z we ne>$ ! lake1 !re issu$ f its entrance a small two-ma/$ canoe1 evid5tly b\nd on "s (ficial mission1 = x c>ri$ ! ,brazilian flag1 & 0 adorn$ ) _m brightly-color$ /ream]s4 ,z x drew ne> we he>d music1 & a salvo ( rockets1 ! favorite ,brazilian artill]y on all fe/ive occasions1 :e!r by day or night1 %ot up into ! air4 ,our arrival _h be5 ann\nc$ by ,dr4 ,canav>o1 ( ,manaos1 :o _h come out ! day be=e to make "s prep>ations = our reception1 & ?is 0 a welcome to ! ,presid5t on 8 fir/ visit to ! ,indian village4 ,:5 !y came )9 speak+ di/ance1 a succession ( he>ty *e]s w5t up = ! ,presid5t1 = ,tav>es ,ba/os1 ^: "* z ! political advocate ( ! ,amazons makes him especially welcome "h1 = ,major ,c\t9ho1 already well kn[n f 8 =m] explorations 9 ?is region1 & = ! /rang]s )9 _! gates1--= ! ,pr(essor & 8 p>ty4 ,aft] ?is reception !y fell into l9e beh9d our boat1 & s we came into ! little port ) some?+ ( /ate & c]emony4 ,?is pretty ,indian village is h>dly recogniz$ z a village at once1 = x consi/s ( a numb] ( sitios scatt]$ ?r\gh ! =e/2 & ?\gh ! inhabitants look on ea* o!r z fri5ds & neighbors1 yet f our l&+-place only "o sitio is to be se51--t at :i* we are /ay+4 ,x /&s on a hill slop+ g5tly up f ! lake-%ore1 & consi/s ( a mud-h\se conta9+ two rooms1 besides sev]al l>ge1 op5 palm-?at*$ rooms outside4 ,"o ( ^! out] %$s is ! m&ioca kit*51 ano!r is ! common kit*51 & a ?ird1 :i* is j n[ us$ z our d9+-room1 s]ves on fe/al days & occasional ,sundays z a *apel4 ,x diff]s f ! o!rs 9 hav+ ! upp] end clos$ 9 ) a neat ?at*$ wall1 aga9/ :i*1 9 "t ( ne$1 ! alt>-table may /&1 ) c&les & r\gh pr9ts or figures ( ! ,virg9 & sa9ts4 ,we 7 v hospitably receiv$ by ! ,s5hora ( ! mud-h\se1 an old ,indian woman1 ^: gold ornam5ts1 necklace1 & e>-r+s 7 r out ( keep+ ) h] calico skirt & cotton wai/4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 by no means an unusual comb9ation "h4 ,beside ! old lady1 ! family consi/s1 at ?is mom5t1 ( h] 8afilhada0#gh 7god-daught]71 ) h] little boy1 & sev]al o!r wom5 employ$ ab\t ! place2 b x is difficult to judge ( ! population ( ! sitios n[1 because a great numb] ( ! m5 h be5 tak5 z recruits = ! w> ) ,p>aguay & o!rs are hid+ 9 ! =e/ = fe> ( be+ press$ into ! same s]vice4 ,! situation ( ?is sitio is exce$+ly pretty1 & z we sit ar\nd ! table 9 our op51 airy d9+-room1 surr\nd$ by ! =e/1 we comm& a view ( ! lake & wood$ hillside opposite & ( ! little l&+ bel[1 :]e are moor$ our b>ge ) its :ite awn+1 ! gay canoe1 & two or ?ree ,indian mont>ias4 ,aft] breakfa/ our p>ty disp]s$1 "s to re/ 9 _! hammocks1 o!rs to hunt or fi%1 :ile ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 fully engag$ 9 exam9+ a l>ge basket ( fi%1 ,tucan>s 7,ci*la71 ,ac>as 7,h]os & o!r g5]a71 ,curimatas 7,anodus71 ,surubims 7,platy/oma71 c41 j br\ght up f ! lake = 8 inspection1 & %[+ aga91 :at e inve/igation demon/rates afre%1 namely1 ! di/9ct localization ( species 9 ea* diff]5t wat] bas91 be x riv]1 lake1 ig>ap1 or =e/ pool4 ,illu/ration3 ,d9+ ,room at ,hyanu>y4 ,"o does n see mu* ( ! _w betwe5 "o o'clock & f\r1 9 ?is climate4 ,^! are ! hotte/ h\rs ( ! day1 & !re are few :o c resi/ ! temptation ( ! cool1 sw++ hammock1 slung 9 "s %ady spot )9 doors or )\t4 ,aft] a little talk ) our ,indian ho/ess & h] daught]1 ,i f\nd a quiet retreat by ! lake-%ore1 :]e1 ?\gh ,i _h a book 9 my h&1 ! w9d 9 ! trees ov]head1 ! wat] rippl+ s(tly ar\nd ! mont>ias moor$ at my side1 lull$ me into t mood ( m9d :5 "o may be lazy )\t remorse or ennui4 ,! highe/ duty seems !n to be to d no?+4 ,! monoton\s notes ( a 8,viola0 came to me f a gr\p ( trees at a little di/ance1 :]e our boatm5 7 re/+ 9 ! %ade1 ! r$ fr+es ( _! hammocks giv+ to ! l&scape j ! bit ( color :i* x ne$$2 occasionally a ru/l+ flight ( p>roquets or ciganas ov]head />tl$ me = a mom5t1 or a l>ge pir>ucu pla%$ out ( ! wat]1 b except = ^! s\nds nature 0 /ill1 & animals z well z m5 seem$ to pause 9 ! heat & seek %elt]4 ,d9n] br\ght u all toge!r aga9 at ! close ( ! aft]noon4 ,z we are ) ! ,presid5t ( ! prov9ce1 our picnic is ( a mu* m magnific5t "* ?an our purely sci5tific excursions h be54 ,in/ead ( our usual make%ifts1--teacups do+ duty z tumbl]s1 & empty b>rels act+ z *airs1--we h a silv] s\p-ture51 & a cook1 & a wait]1 & knives & =ks en\gh to g r\nd1 & _m o!r luxuries :i* su* wayf>]s z ourselves le>n to d )\t4 ,:ile we 7 d9+1 ! ,indians began to come 9 f ! surr\nd+ =e/ to pay _! respects to ! ,presid5t1 = 8 visit 0 ! cause ( great rejoic+1 & !re 0 to be a ball 9 8 honor 9 ! ev5+4 ,!y br\ght an enorm\s clu/] ( game z an (f]+4 ,:at a mass ( color x 06--m l a gorge\s b\quet ( fl[]s ?an a bun* ( birds4 ,x 0 compos$ entirely ( ,t\cans1 ) _! r$ & yell[ beaks1 blue eyes1 & s(t :ite brea/s bord]$ ) crimson2 & ( p>rots1 or papagaios z !y call !m "h1 ) _! gorge\s plumage ( gre51 blue1 purple1 & r$4 ,:5 we _h d9$1 we took c(fee outside1 :ile our places ar\nd ! table 7 fill$ by ! ,indian gue/s1 :o 7 to h a d9n]-p>ty 9 _! turn4 ,x 0 pleasant to see ) h[ mu* c\rtesy sev]al ( ! ,brazilian g5tlem5 ( our p>ty wait$ ^u ^! ,indian ,s5horas1 pass+ !m a v>iety ( di%es1 help+ !m to w9e1 & treat+ !m ) z mu* att5tion z if !y _h be5 ! highe/ ladies ( ! l&4 ,!y seem$1 h[ev]1 r %y & emb>rass$1 sc>cely t\*+ ! nice ?+s plac$ be=e !m1 till "o ( ! g5tlem51 :o has liv$ a good deal among ! ,indians1 & kn[s _! habits p]fectly1 took ! knife & =k f "o ( !m1 exclaim+1 8,make no c]emony1 & don't be a%am$2 eat ) y\r f+]s z y're accu/om$ to d1 & !n y'll f9d y\r appetites & enjoy y\r d9n]40 ,8 advice 0 foll[$1 & ,i mu/ say !y seem$ mu* m com=table 9 consequ5ce1 & did m ju/ice to ! good f>e4 ,al?\gh ! ,indians :o live 9 ! neighborhood ( ! t[ns h se5 too mu* ( ! conv5tionalities ( life n to und]/& ! use ( a knife & =k1 no ,indian w eat ) "o if he c help x4 ,:5 ! d9n] 0 ov]1 ! room 0 cle>$ ( ! tables & swept2 ! music1 consi/+ ( a viola1 flute1 & viol91 0 call$ 91 & ! ball 0 op5$4 ,! =e/ belles 7 r %y at fir/ 9 ! pres5ce ( /rang]s2 b !y soon w>m$ up & began to dance ) m animation4 ,!y 7 all dress$ 9 calico or musl9 skirts1 ) loose1 cotton wai/s1 f9i%$ ar\nd ! neck ) a k9d ( lace !y make !mselves by draw+ ! ?reads f cotton or musl91 s z to =m an op5 patt]n1 sew+ ^? :i* rema9 ov] & ov] to secure !m4 ,"s ( ?is lace is q elaborate & v f9e4 ,_m ( ! wom5 _h _! hair dress$ ei!r ) :ite jessam9e or ) roses /uck into _! r\nd combs1 & sev]al wore gold beads & e>-r+s4 ,! dances 7 diff]5t f ^? ,i saw 9 ,esp]ana's cottage1 & mu* m animat$2 b ! wom5 pres]v$ ! same air ( quiet indiff]5ce :i* ,i notic$ !re4 ,inde$1 9 all ! ,indian dances ,i h se5 ! man makes ! advances1 :ile ! woman is coy & retir+1 h] movem5ts be+ v languid4 ,h] p>tn] ?r[s himself at h] feet1 b does n elicit a smile or a ge/ure2 he /oops & pret5ds to be fi%+2 mak+ motions z if he 7 draw+ h] 9 ) a l9e1 he dances ar\nd h]1 snapp+ 8 f+]s z if he 7 play+ on ca/anets1 & half encircl+ h] ) 8 arms1 b %e rema9s res]v$ & cold4 ,n[ & !n !y jo9 toge!r 9 some?+ l a waltz1 b ?is is only occasionally & = a mom5t4 ,h[ diff]5t f ! negro dances :i* we saw frequ5tly 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio1 & 9 :i* ! advances g5]ally come f ! wom51 & are n always ( ! mo/ mode/ "*4 ,! ball 0 gay] ?an ev] at t5 o'clock :5 ,i w5t to my room1--or r to ! room :]e my hammock 0 slung1 & :i* ,i %>$ ) ,indian wom5 & *ildr51 ) a cat & h] family ( kitt5s1 :o slept on ! edge ( my mosquito-net & made frequ5t inroads ^u ! inside1 ) h5s & *ick5s & sundry dogs1 :o w5t 9 & out4 ,! music & danc+1 ! laught] & talk+ outside1 cont9u$ till ! small h\rs4 ,e n[ & !n an ,indian girl w\ld come 9 to re/ = a :ile1 take a nap 9 a hammock1 & !n return to ! dance4 ,:5 we fir/ arriv$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica we c\ld h>dly h slept s\ndly "u su* circum/ances2 b "o soon becomes accu/om$1 on ! ,amazons1 to sleep+ 9 rooms ) mud floors & mud walls1 or ) no walls at all1 :]e rats & birds & bats ru/le ab\t 9 ! ?at* ov]head1 & all sorts ( unwont$ noises 9 ! night sugge/ t y are by no means ! sole occupant ( y\r ap>tm5t4 ,!re is "o ?+1 h[ev]1 :i* makes x f> pleasant] to lodge 9 ! h\ses ( ! ,indians "h ?an 9 ^? ( our poor] class at home4 ,"o is q indep5d5t 9 ! matt] ( b$d+2 nobody travels )\t 8 own hammock1 & ! net :i* 9 _m places is a necessity on acc\nt ( ! mosquitoes4 ,b$s & b$d+ are almo/ unkn[n2 & !re are none s poor z n to possess two or ?ree ( ! /rong & neat tw9e hammocks made by ! ,indians !mselves f ! fibres ( ! palm4 ,!n ! op5 "* ( ! h\ses & ! p]sonal cleanl9ess ( ! ,indians make ! atmosph]e fre%] & pur] 9 _! h\ses ?an 9 ^? ( our poor4 ,h[ev] untidy !y may be 9 o!r respects1 !y always ba! once or twice a day1 if n (t5]1 & wa% _! clo!s frequ5tly4 ,we h nev] yet ent]$ an ,indian h\se :]e !re 0 any disagreeable odor1 unless x might be ! peculi> smell f ! prep>ation ( ! m&ioca 9 ! work+-room outside1 :i* has1 at a c]ta9 /age ( ! process1 a slightly s\r smell4 ,we c]ta9ly c\ld n say z mu* = _m h\ses :]e we h lodg$ :5 travell+ 9 ! ,we/1 or ev5 8,d[n ,ea/10 :]e ! suspici\s look ( ! b$d+ & ! close air ( ! room (t5 make "o d\btful ab\t ! night's re/4 ,?is morn+ we 7 up at five o'clock1 & at six we _h _h c(fee & 7 ready = ! v>i\s projects sugge/$ = our amusem5t4 ,our sportsm5 7 already 9 ! =e/1 o!rs _h gone (f on a fi%+ excursion 9 a mont>ia1 & ,i jo9$ a p>ty on a visit to a sitio high] up on ! lake4 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 oblig$ to d5y himself all ^! p>ties ( pleasure1 = ! novelty & v>iety ( ! fi% br\ght 9 kept him & 8 arti/ con/antly at "w4 ,9 ?is climate ! process ( decomposition goes on s rapidly1 t1 unless ! specim5s are att5d$ to at once1 !y are lo/2 & ! pa9t+s mu/ be made :ile !y are q fre%1 9 ord] to give any idea ( _! vividness ( t9t4 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt is indefatigable1 always busy ) 8 draw+1 9 spite ( heat1 mosquitoes1 & o!r discom=ts2 occasionally he makes n less ?an tw5ty color$ sket*es ( fi%es 9 "o day4 ,( c\rse1 made ) su* rapidity1 !y are m]e records ( color & outl9e2 b !y w be ( imm5se s]vice 9 work+ up ! f9i%$ draw+s4#gi ,leav+ ,mr4 ,agassiz1 !re=e1 busy ) ! prep>ation ( 8 collections1 & ,mr4 ,burkh>dt pa9t+1 we w5t up ! lake ?r\gh a /range1 half-aquatic1 half-t]re/rial region1 :]e l& seem$ at odds ) wat]4 ,gr\ps ( trees rose directly f ! lake1 _! roots hidd5 bel[ its surface1 :ile num]\s black5$ & decay$ trunks /ood up f ! wat] 9 all sorts ( picturesque & fanta/ic =ms4 ,sometimes ! trees _h ?r[n d[n f _! bran*es ^? s+ul> a]ial roots s common "h1 & seem$ /&+ on /ilts4 ,"h & !re1 :]e we coa/$ along by ! bank1 we _h a glimpse into ! deep] =e/1 ) its drap]y ( lianas & v>i\s creep+ v9es1 & its p>asitic sipos tw9+ close ar\nd ! trunks or sw++ !mselves f bran* to bran* l loose cordage4 ,b usually ! m>g9 ( ! lake 0 a g5tly slop+ bank1 cov]$ ) a gre5 s vivid & yet s s(t1 t x seem$ z if ! e>? _h be5 born afre% 9 its six mon?s' baptism1 & _h come out l a new creation4 ,"h & !re a palm lift$ its head above ! l9e ( =e/1 especially ! light1 graceful ,assai1 its cr[n ( fea!ry leaves vibrat+ above ! tall1 sl5d]1 smoo? /em ) e breeze4 ,half an h\r's r[ br\ght u to ! l&+ ( ! sitio = :i* we 7 b\nd4 ,usually ! sitios /& on ! bank ( ! lake or riv]1 a /one's ?r[ f ! %ore1 = conv5i5ce ( fi%+1 ba?+1 c4 ,b ?is "o 0 at "s di/ance1 ) a v nicely kept pa? w9d+ ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,x /ood on ! br[ ( a hill :i* dipp$ d[n on ! o!r side into a wide & deep rav9e2 ?r\gh ?is rav9e ran an ig>ap1 beyond :i* ! l& rose aga9 9 an undulat+ l9e ( hilly gr\nd1 mo/ refre%+ to ! eye aft] ! flat "* ( ! ,upp] ,amazonian sc5]y4 ,! fact t ?is sitio1 /&+ n[ on a hill ov]look+ ! valley & ! little /ream at its bottom1 w h ! wat] ne>ly flu% ) ! gr\nd ar\nd x1 :5 ! ig>ap is swoll5 by ! rise ( ! riv]1 gives an idea ( ! diff]5ce ( aspect betwe5 ! dry & wet seasons4 ,! e/abli%m5t consi/$ ( a numb] ( build+s1 ! mo/ conspicu\s be+ a l>ge op5 room1 :i* ! ,indian ,s5hora :o did ! honors ( ! h\se told me 0 _! reception-room1 & 0 (t5 us$1 %e said1 by ! 8brancas0 f ,manaos & ! neighborhood = an ev5+ dance1 :5 !y came out 9 a l>ge company & pass$ ! night4 ,a l[ wall1 "s ?ree or f\r feet 9 height1 ran along ! sides1 wood5 b5*es be+ plac$ aga9/ !m = _! :ole l5g?4 ,! two ends 7 clos$ f top to bottom ) a wall made ( palm-?at*1 exce$+ly pretty1 f9e1 & smoo?1 & ( a s(t /raw color4 ,at ! upp] end /ood an imm5se embroid]y-frame1 look+ z if x might h s]v$ = ,p5elope's web1 b 9 :i* 0 /ret*$ an unf9i%$ hammock ( palm-?read1 ! ,s5hora's "w4 ,%e sat d[n on a l[ /ool be=e x & work$ a little = my b5efit1 %[+ me h[ ! two lay]s ( transv]se ?reads 7 kept ap>t by a ?ick1 poli%$ piece ( wood1 some?+ l a long1 broad rul]4 ,?r\gh ! op5+ ?us made ! %uttle is pass$ ) ! cross ?read1 :i* is !n pu%$ d[n & /raight5$ 9 its place by means ( ! same piece ( wood4 ,aft] we _h re/$ = a :ile1 hammocks ( v>i\s color & texture be+ imm$iately br\ght & hung up = our accommodation1 ! g5tlem5 w5t d[n to ba! 9 ! ig>ap1 :ile ! ,s5hora & h] daught]1 a v pretty ,indian woman1 %[$ me ! re/ ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,! eld] ( ! two _h ! direction ( ev]y?+ n[1 z ! ma/] ( ! h\se 0 abs5t1 hav+ a capta9's commission 9 ! army4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our conv]sation ,i 0 rem9d$ ( a social feature :i* /rikes u z ! m extraord9>y ! long] we rema9 on ! ,amazons1 on acc\nt ( its g5]ality4 ,"h 7 p ( g5tle condition1 al?\gh ( ,indian blood1 lift$ above ev]y?+ l want1 liv+ 9 com=t &1 z comp>$ ) p ab\t !m1 ) a c]ta9 afflu5ce1--p f :om1 !re=e1 9 any o!r society1 y might c]ta9ly expect a k ( ! common rules ( morality4 ,yet :5 ,i 0 introduc$ to ! daught]1 & naturally ask$ some?+ ab\t h] fa!r1 suppos+ him to be ! abs5t capta91 ! "m answ]$1 smil+1 q z a matt] ( c\rse1 8,na tem pai2 filha da =tna10--8,%e hasn't any fa!r2 %e is ! daught] ( *ance40 ,9 ! same way1 :5 ! daught] %[$ me two *ildr5 ( h] own1--little fair p1 _m %ades light] ?an h]self1--& ,i ask$ :e!r _! fa!r 0 at ! w>1 l all ! re/ ( ! m51 %e gave me ! same answ]1 8,!y hav5't any fa!r40 ,x is ! way ! ,indian or half-bre$ wom5 "h always speak ( _! illegitimate *ildr52 & ?\gh !y say x )\t an intonation ( sadness or ( blame1 app>5tly z unconsci\s ( any wrong or %ame z if !y said ! fa!r 0 abs5t or dead1 x has ! mo/ melan*oly significance2 x seems to speak ( su* absolute des]tion4 ,s f> is ?is f be+ an unusual case1 t among ! common p ! opposite seems ! exception4 ,*ildr5 are frequ5tly q ignorant ( _! p>5tage4 ,!y "k ab\t _! "m1 = all ! c>e & responsibility falls ^u h]1 b !y h no k ( _! fa!r2 nor does x seem to occur to ! woman t %e or h] *ildr5 h any claim ^u him4 ,b to return to ! sitio4 ,! room ,i h describ$ /ood on "o side ( a cle>$ & neatly swept gr\nd1 ab\t :i*1 at v>i\s di/ances1 /ood a numb] ( little ?at*$ 8cas9has10 z !y call !m1 consi/+ mo/ly ( a s+le room4 ,b beside ^! !re 0 "o l>g] h\se1 ) mud walls & floor1 conta9+ two or ?ree rooms1 & hav+ a wood5 v]&a 9 front4 ,?is 0 ! ,s5hora's private e/abli%m5t4 ,at a little di/ance f>!r d[n on ! hill 0 ! m&ioca kit*5 & all ! accompany+ app>atus4 ,no?+ c\ld be neat] ?an ! :ole area ( ?is sitio1 & :ile we 7 !re two or ?ree black girls 7 s5t out to sweep x afre% ) _! /iff twig-brooms4 ,ar\nd lay ! plantation ( m&ioca & cacao1 ) "h & !re a few c(fee-%rubs4 ,x is difficult to judge ( ! ext5t ( ^! sitio plantations1 because !y are s irregul> & comprise su* a v>iety ( trees1--m&ioca1 c(fee1 cacao1 & (t5 cotton1 be+ plant$ pellmell toge!r4 ,b ?is "o1 l ! :ole e/abli%m5t1 seem$ l>g] & bett] c>$ = ?an ^? usually se54 ,on ! return ( ! g5tlem5 f ! ig>ap we took leave1 ?\gh v w>mly press$ to /ay & breakfa/4 ,at p>t+1 our ,indian ho/ess pres5t$ me ) a wick]-basket ( fre% eggs & "s abacatys1 or alligator pe>s z we call !m4#hj ,we rea*$ ! h\se j 9 "t = a t5 o'clock breakfa/1 :i* assembl$ all ! diff]5t p>ties once m f _! v>i\s occupations1 :e!r ( "w or play4 ,! sportsm5 return$ f ! =e/1 br++ a goodly supply ( t\cans1 papagaios1 & p>roquets1 ) a v>iety ( o!r birds1 & ! fi%]man br\ght 9 new treasures = ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,octob] #bi?4--,ye/]day1 aft] breakfa/1 ,i retreat$ to ! room :]e we _h pass$ ! night1 hop+ to f9d "t & quiet = writ+ lett]s & complet+ my j\rnal4 ,b ,i f\nd x already occupi$ by ! old ,s5hora & h] gue/s1 :o 7 l\ng+ 9 ! hammocks or squatt+ on ! floor & smok+ _! pipes4 ,! h\se is inde$ full to ov]fl[+1 z ! :ole p>ty assembl$ = ! ball are to /ay dur+ ! ,presid5t's visit4 ,b 9 ?is way ( liv+ x is an easy matt] to accommodate any numb] ( p1 = if !y _c all be receiv$ "u ! ro(1 !y c hang _! hammocks "u ! trees outside4 ,z ,i w5t to my room la/ ev5+1 ,i /opp$ to look at a pretty picture ( an ,indian "m ) h] two little *ildr5 asleep on ei!r arm1 all 9 "o hammock1 9 ! op5 air4 ,my ,indian fri5ds 7 too mu* int]e/$ 9 my occupations to all[ ( my cont9u+ !m un9t]rupt$ly4 ,!y 7 delight$ ) my books 7,i happ5$ to h 8,! ,naturali/ on ! ,amazons0 ) me1 9 :i* ,i %[$ !m "s pictures ( ,amazonian sc5]y & insects71 & ask$ me _m que/ions ab\t my c\ntry1 my voyage1 & my travels "h4 ,9 return !y gave me mu* in=mation ab\t _! own way ( life4 ,!y said ! pres5t ga!r+ ( neighbors & fri5ds 0 no unusual occurr5ce1 = !y h a great _m fe/as1 :i*1 ?\gh p>tly religi\s 9 "*1 are also occasions ( great fe/ivity4 ,^! fe/as are celebrat$ at diff]5t sitios 9 turn1 ! sa9t ( ! day be+ c>ri$1 ) all 8 ornam5ts1 c&les1 b\quets1 c41 to ! h\se :]e ! c]emony is to take place1 & :]e all ! p ( ! village congregate4 ,sometimes ! fe/a la/s = sev]al days1 & is accompani$ ) processions1 music1 & dances 9 ! ev5+4 ,b ! wom5 said ! =e/ 0 v sad n[1 because _! m5 _h all be5 tak5 z recruits1 or 7 seek+ safety 9 ! woods4 ,! old ,s5hora told me a sad /ory ( ! brutality ex]cis$ 9 recruit+ ! ,indians4 ,%e assur$ me t !y 7 tak5 :]ev] f\nd1 )\t reg>d to age or circum/ances1 wom5 & *ildr5 (t5 be+ dep5d5t ^u !m2 & if !y made resi/ance1 7 c>ri$ (f by =ce1 & frequ5tly h&cuff$ or _h heavy weights atta*$ to _! feet4 ,su* proce$+s are entirely illegal2 b ^! =e/ villages are s remote1 t ! m5 employ$ to recruit may practice any cruelty )\t be+ call$ to acc\nt = x4 ,if ! recruits are br\ght 9 9 good condition1 no que/ions are ask$4 ,^! wom5 said t all ! "w ( ! sitios--! mak+ ( f>9ha1 ! fi%+1 ! turtle-hunt+--0 /opp$ = want ( h&s4 ,! appe>ance ( ?+s c]ta9ly confirms ?is1 = we sc>cely see any m5 9 ! villages1 & ! canoes we meet are mo/ly r[$ by wom54 ,yet ,i mu/ say t ! life ( ! ,indian woman1 s f> z we h se5 x1 seems enviable1 9 comp>ison ) t ( ! ,brazilian lady 9 ! ,amazonian t[ns4 ,! =m] has a heal?ful out-(-door life2 %e has h] canoe on ! lake or riv] & h] pa?s ?r\gh ! =e/1 ) p]fect lib]ty to come & g2 %e has h] appo9t$ daily occupations1 be+ busy n only ) ! c>e ( h] h\se & *ildr51 b 9 mak+ f>9ha or tapioca1 or 9 dry+ & roll+ tobacco1 :ile ! m5 are fi%+ & turtle-hunt+2 & %e has h] frequ5t fe/a-days to enliv5 h] work+ life4 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 impossible to imag9e any?+ m dre>y & monoton\s ?an ! life ( ! ,brazilian ,s5hora 9 ! small] t[ns4 ,9 ! nor!rn prov9ces especially ! old ,portuguese notions ab\t %utt+ wom5 up & mak+ _! home-life z colorless z t ( a cloi/]$ nun1 )\t ev5 ! elem5t ( religi\s en?usiasm to give x ze/1 /ill prevail4 ,_m a ,brazilian lady passes day aft] day )\t /irr+ beyond h] f\r walls1 sc>cely ev] %[+ h]self at ! door or w9d[2 = %e is always 9 a slov5ly di%abille1 unless %e expects company4 ,x is sad to see ^! /ifl$ exi/5ces2 )\t any contact ) ! _w outside1 )\t any *>m ( dome/ic life1 )\t books or culture ( any k9d1 ! ,brazilian ,s5hora 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry ei!r s9ks cont5t$ly into a vapid1 empty1 aimless life1 or frets aga9/ h] *a9s1 & is z discont5t$ z %e is useless4 ,on ! day ( our arrival ! d9n] 0 int]rupt$ by ! entrance ( ! ,indians ) _! greet+s & pres5ts ( game to ! ,presid5t2 ye/]day x 0 enliv5$ by q a numb] ( appropriate toa/s & spee*es4 ,i ?\ght1 z we sat ar\nd ! d9n]-table1 !re _h probably nev] be5 ga!r$ "u ! palm-ro( ( an ,indian h\se on ! ,amazons j su* a p>ty be=e1 comb9+ s _m diff]5t elem5ts & objects4 ,!re 0 ! ,presid5t1 ^: *ief int]e/ 0 ( c\rse 9 adm9i/]+ ! affairs ( ! prov9ce1 9 :i* ! ,indians %>$ l>gely 8 att5tion2 !re 0 ! "y /atesman1 ^: :ole he>t is 9 ! great national "q ( peopl+ ! ,amazons & op5+ x to ! _w1 & ! effect ?is movem5t is to h ^u 8 c\ntry2 !re 0 ! able eng9e]1 mu* ( ^: sci5tific life has be5 pass$ 9 survey+ ! great riv] & its tribut>ies ) a view to _! future navigation2 & !re 0 ! man ( pure sci5ce1 come to /udy ! di/ribution ( animal life 9 _! wat]s1 )\t any view to practical que/ions4 ,! spee*es t\*$ ^u all ^! diff]5t int]e/s1 & 7 receiv$ ) en?usiasm1 ea* "o clos+ ) a toa/ & music2 = our little b& ( ! night be=e 0 br\ght 9 to enliv5 ! occasion4 ,! ,brazilians are v happy 9 _! aft]-d9n] spee*es1 express+ !mselves ) great facility1 ei!r f a natural gift or because spee*-mak+ is an art 9 :i* !y h _h mu* practice4 ,! habit ( dr9k+ heal?s & giv+ toa/s is v g5]al ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & ! mo/ in=mal d9n] among intimate fri5ds does n conclude )\t "s mutual greet+s ( ?is k9d4 ,z we 7 tak+ c(fee "u ! trees aft]w>ds1 hav+ yield$ our places1 9 ! primitive d9+-room1 to ! ,indian gue/s1 ! ,presid5t sugge/$ a sunset r[ on ! lake4 ,! h\r & ! light 7 mo/ tempt+1 & we 7 soon (f 9 ! canoe1 tak+ no boatm51 ! g5tlem5 pref]r+ to r[ !mselves4 ,we w5t ?r\gh ! same lovely region1 half wat]1 half l&1 :i* we _h pass$ 9 ! morn+1 float+ betwe5 pat*es ( gre5e/ grass1 & by l>ge =e/ trees1 & black5$ trunks /&+ out ( ! lake l ru9s4 ,we did n g v fa/ nor v f>1 = our amateur boatm5 f\nd ! ev5+ w>m1 & _! r[+ 0 r play ?an "w2 !y /opp$1 too1 e n[ & !n1 to get a %ot at a :ite h]on or to %oot into a flock ( p>roquets or ciganas1 :]eby !y wa/$ a good deal ( p[d] to no effect4 ,z we turn$ to come back we 7 met by "o ( ! prettie/ sights ,i h ev] se54 ,! ,indian wom51 hav+ f9i%$ _! d9n]1 _h tak5 ! little two-ma/$ canoe1 dress$ ) flags1 :i* _h be5 prep>$ = ! ,presid5t's reception1 & _h come out to meet u4 ,!y _h ! music on bo>d & !re 7 two or ?ree m5 9 ! boat2 b ! wom5 7 "s twelve or fifte5 9 numb]1 & seem$1 l g5u9e ,amazons1 to h tak5 ?+s into _! own h&s4 ,!y 7 r[+ ) a w2 & z ! canoe drew ne>1 ) music play+ & flags fly+1 ! purple lake1 dy$ 9 ! sunset & smoo? z a mirror1 gave back ! picture4 ,e tawny figure at ! o>s1 e flutt] ( ! crimson & blue /ream]s1 e fold ( ! gre5 & yell[ national flag at ! pr[1 0 z di/9ct bel[ ! surface z above x4 ,! fairy boat--= s x look$--float+ betwe5 gl[+ sky & wat]1 & seem+ to borr[ color f bo?1 came on apace2 & z x approa*$1 our fri5ds greet$ u ) _m a ,viva1 to :i* we respond$ z he>tily4 ,!n ! two canoes jo9$ company & we w5t on toge!r1 ! guit> sometimes be+ tak5 into "o canoe & sometimes into ! o!r1 :ile ,brazilian & ,indian songs foll[$ ea* o!r4 ,any?+ m national1 m completely imbu$ ) tropical color+ & "* ?an ?is ev5+ sc5e on ! lake1 c h>dly be conceiv$4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! l&+1 ! gold & rose-color$ cl\ds 7 fad+ into s(t masses ( :ite & a%5 gray1 & moonlight 0 tak+ ! place ( sunset4 ,z we w5t up ! gre5 slope to ! sitio1 a dance on ! grass 0 propos$1 & ! ,indian girls =m$ a quadrille2 = ?us mu* ( civilization has crept into _! native mann]s1 ?\gh !y ?r[ into x s mu* ( _! own *>act]i/ic movem5ts1 t x loses some?+ ( its conv5tional aspect4 ,!n we return$ to ! h\se1 :]e ! danc+ & s++ 7 r5ew$1 :ile "h & !re gr\ps sat ab\t on ! gr\nd laugh+ & talk+1 ! wom5 smok+ ) z mu* enjoym5t z ! m54 ,smok+ is almo/ univ]sal among ! common wom5 "h1 yet is n conf9$ to ! l[] classes4 ,_m a ,s5hora 7at lea/ 9 ?is "p ( ,brazil1 = we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 ! civilization on ! banks ( ! ,amazons & 9 ! int]ior & t 9 ! cities along ! coa/7 enjoys h] pipe1 :ile %e l\nges 9 h] hammock ?r\gh ! heat ( ! day4 ,octob] #cj?4--,ye/]day our p>ty broke up4 ,! ,indian wom5 came to bid u good-by aft] breakfa/1 & disp]s$ to _! sev]al homes1 go+ (f 9 v>i\s directions ?r\gh ! =e/-pa?s 9 little gr\ps1 _! babies1 ( :om !re 7 a goodly numb]1 a/ride on _! hips1 z usual1 & ! old] *ildr5 foll[+4 ,mr4 ,agassiz pass$ ! morn+ 9 pack+ & arrang+ 8 fi%es1 hav+ collect$ 9 ^? two days m ?an sev5ty new species4#ha ,8 /udies h be5 ! subject ( great curiosity to ! p ab\t ! sitio2 "o or two 7 always hov]+ ab\t to look at 8 "w & to wat* ,mr4 ,burkh>dt's draw+4 ,!y seem$ to ?9k x extraord9>y t any "o %\ld c>e to take ! portrait ( a fi%4 ,! famili>ity ( ^! *ildr5 ( ! =e/ ) ! natural objects ab\t !m--plants1 birds1 insects1 fi%es1 etc4--is rem>kable4 ,!y frequ5tly ask to see ! draw+s2 & 9 turn+ ov] a pile conta9+ sev]al hundr$ color$ sket*es ( fi%es1 !y sc>cely make a mi/ake1--ev5 ! *ildr5 giv+ ! "n in/antly1 & (t5 add+1 8 filho d'e/e10 7x is ! *ild ( su* an "o17 ?us di/+ui%+ ! "y f ! adult1 & po9t+ out _! relation4 ,we d9$ r e>li] ?an usual1 our *ief di% be+ a /ew ( p>rots & t\cans1 & left ! sitio at ab\t five o'clock1 9 ?ree canoes1 ! music accompany+ u 9 ! small] boat4 ,our ,indian fri5ds /ood on ! %ore z we left1 giv+ u f>ewell greet+s1 wav+ _! hats & h&s1 & *e]+ he>tily4 ,! aft]noon r[ ?r\gh ! lake & ig>ap 0 delici\s2 b ! sun _h long set z we issu$ f ! little riv]1 & ! ,rio ,negro1 :]e x op5s broadly out into ! ,amazons1 0 a sea ( silv]4 ,! boat ) ! music pres5tly jo9$ our canoe1 & we _h a numb] ( ! ,brazilian 8mod9has10 z !y call !m1--songs :i* seem especially adapt$ = ! guit>4 ,^! mod9has h a q peculi> "*4 ,!y are little graceful1 lyrical snat*es ( song1 ) a r melan*oly cad5ce2 ev5 ^? ( :i* ! words are gay n be+ q free f ?is und]tone ( sadness4 ,?is put u all into a some:at dreamy mood1 & we approa*$ ! end ( our j\rney r sil5tly4 ,b z we drew ne> ! l&+1 we he>d ! s\nd ( a b& ( brass in/rum5ts1 effectually dr[n+ our feeble ef=ts1 & saw a cr[d$ canoe com+ t[>ds u4 ,!y 7 ! boys f ! ,indian s*ool :i* we visit$ on our previ\s /ay at ,manaos4 ,! canoe look$ v pretty z x came t[>ds u 9 ! moonlight2 x seem$ full to ov]fl[+1 ! *ildr5 all dress$ 9 :ite uni=ms & /&+ up4 ,?is little b& comes always on ,sunday ev5+s & fe/a-days to play be=e ! ,presid5t's h\se4 ,!y 7 j go+ home1 x be+ ne>ly t5 o'clock2 b ! ,presid5t call$ to !m to turn back1 & !y accompani$ u to ! bea*1 play+ all ! :ile4 ,?us our pleasant ?ree days' picnic end$ ) music & moonlight4 ----- ,footnote #gg3 ,! mo/ accurate in=mation ^u ! indu/rial res\rces ( ! ,valley ( ! ,amazons may be f\nd 9 a "w publi%$ by ,s5hor ,tav>es ,ba/os1 on 8 return to ,rio de ,janeiro1 aft] ?is j\rney1 entitl$ 8,o ,valle d ,amazonas--,e/udo sobre a livre ,navegaa d ,amazonas1 ,e/ati/ica1 ,produces1 ,comm]cio1 ,que/es ,fiscaes d ,valle d ,amazonas40 ,rio de ,janeiro1 #ahff4 ,footnote #gh3 ,?is relation is a mu* ne>] "o ?r\gh\t ,brazil ?an ) u4 ,a god-*ild is treat$ z a memb] ( _! own family by its sponsors4 ,footnote #gi3 ,9 ! c\rse ( our j\rney on ! ,amazons1 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt made m ?an eight hundr$ pa9t+s ( fi%es1 m or less f9i%$4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #hj3 ,! fruit ( ! ,p]sea gratissima4 ,footnote #ha3 ,i 0 indebt$ to ! ,presid5t = _m valuable specim5s on ?is excursion1 _m ( ! birds & fi%es br\ght 9 by ! ,indians = ! table be+ turn$ ov] to ! sci5tific collections4 ,my "y fri5ds ,dext] & ,james 7 also effici5t1 pass+ always a "p ( ! day 9 ! woods1 & assi/+ me greatly 9 ! prep>ation & pres]vation ( ! specim5s4 ,among o!rs we made a curi\s skeleton ( a l>ge black ,doras1 a species rem>kable = ! r[ ( p[]ful scales ext5d+ along ! side1 ea* "o provid$ ) a %>p hook b5t backw>d4 ,x is ! species ,i h describ$1 9 ,spix & ,m>tius's great "w1 "u ! "n ( ,doras ,humboldti4 ,! ant]ior v]tebr =m a bony swell+ ( a sponge\s texture1 resembl+ drums1 on ea* side ( ! backbone4--,l4 ,a4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,manaos ,,& ,,its ,,neighborhood4 ,,photographic ,,e/abli%m5t4--,,indian ,,portraits4--,,excursion ,,to ,,! 8,,great ,,cascade40--,,its ,,geological ,,=mation4--,,ba?+ ,,pool4--,,p>asitic ,,plants4--,,return ,,by ,,! ,,ig>ap4--,,public ,,ball4--,,sev]ity ,,9 ,,recruit+1 ,,& ,,its ,,effects4--,,collect+ ,,p>ties4--,,sc5es ,,( ,,indian ,,life4--,f,,te ,,*amp,,tre ,,at ,,! 8,,casa ,,dos ,,educ&os40--,,prison ,,at ,,manaos4--,,prison ,,discipl9e ,,on ,,! ,,amazons4--,,extracts ,,f ,,presid5tial ,,reports ,,on ,,?is ,,subject4--,,prison ,,at ,,teff4--,,g5]al ,,"* ,,( ,,brazilian ,,in/itutions4--,,emp]or',s ,,bir?day4--,,illum9ations ,,& ,,public ,,fe/ivities4--,,return ,,( ,,collect+ ,,p>ties4--,,rem>ks ,,on ,,! ,,races4--,,leave ,,manaos ,,= ,,mauhes4 ,saturday1 ,novemb] #d?4--,manaos4 ,?is week has be5 r unev5tful4 ,mr4 ,agassiz is prev5t$ f und]tak+ new exp$itions by ! want ( alcohol4 ,! next /eam] w br+ a fre% supply f ,p>2 & mean:ile1 be+ int]rupt$ 9 8 collections1 he is mak+ a /udy ( ! v>i\s int]mixture ( races1 ,indians & ,negroes1 ) _! cross+s1 ( :i* a great numb] are f\nd "h4 ,our picturesque b>rack ( a room1 :i* we h left = m com=table qu>t]s 9 ,mr4 ,honorio's h\se1 s]ves z a photographic saloon1 & "h ,mr4 ,agassiz is at "w half ! day ) 8 "y fri5d ,mr4 ,hunnewell1 :o sp5t almo/ ! :ole "t ( our /ay 9 ,rio 9 le>n+ photography1 & has become q exp]t 9 tak+ lik5esses4 ,! gr& difficulty is f\nd 9 ! prejudices ( ! p !mselves4 ,!re is a preval5t sup]/ition among ! ,indians & ,negroes t a portrait absorbs into itself some?+ ( ! vitality ( ! sitt]1 & t any "o is liable to die %ortly aft] 8 picture is tak54 ,?is notion is s deeply root$ t x has be5 no easy matt] to ov]come x4 ,h[ev]1 ( late ! desire to see !mselves 9 a picture is gradually ga9+ ! asc5dant1 ! example ( a few c\rage\s ones hav+ embold5$ ! m timid1 & models are mu* m easily obta9$ n[ ?an !y 7 at fir/4 ,ye/]day our quiet life 0 int]rupt$ by an excursion to ! great cascade1 :]e we w5t ) a p>ty ( fri5ds to breakfa/ & d9e4 ,we 7 call$ ) ! dawn1 & 7 on ! road at six o'clock1 ! s]vants foll[+ lad5 ) baskets ( provisions4 ,! dewy walk ?r\gh ! woods 9 ! e>ly morn+ 0 v pleasant1 & we arriv$ at ! little h\se above ! cascade be=e ! heat ( ! day began4 ,?is h\se /&s on a hill 9 a cle>$ gr\nd entirely surr\nd$ by =e/2 j bel[ x ! riv] comes ru%+ ?r\gh ! wood1 & falls "s t5 feet ov] a ?9 plat=m ( rock4 ,by its =mation1 ?is cascade is a ,niag>a 9 m9iature2 t is1 ! l[] lay] ( rock be+ s(t] ?an ! upp]1 ! wat] has worn x away until !re n[ rema9s only a ?9 slab ( h>d] rock across ! riv]4 ,depriv$ ( its support1 ?is slab mu/ break d[n ev5tually1 z ,table-rock has done1 :5 ! cascade w1 ( c\rse1 retreat by s mu* & beg9 ! same process a little high] up4 ,x has1 no d\bt1 ?us worn its way upw>d already f a di/ant po9t4 ,! l[] deposit is clay1 ! upp] consi/s ( ! con/antly recurr+ r$di% s&/one1--9 o!r words1 drift work$ ov] by wat]4 ,bel[ ! fall1 ! wat] goes te>+ along ?r\gh a n>r[ passage1 ov] b\ld]s1 fall5 trees1 & decay+ logs1 :i* break x into rapids4 ,at a little di/ance f ! cascade !re is a deep1 broad bas9 9 ! wood1 ) a s& bottom1 s ov]%ad[$ by great trees t x looks d>k ev5 9 tropical midday4 ,! ba?+ "h1 z we f\nd by exp]i5ce at a lat] h\r1 is mo/ delici\s4 ,! %ade ov] ! pool is s pr(\nd & ! curr5t runs ?r\gh x s swiftly t ! wat] is exce$+ly cold1--an unusual ?+ "h1--& x seems v refre%+ to ^? com+ f ! hot sun outside4 ,at ! side ( ?is pool ,i saw a v l>ge p>asitic plant 9 fl[]4 ,s9ce we h be5 on ! ,amazons mo/ ( ^! p>asites h be5 out ( bloom1 &1 ?\gh we h se5 beautiful collections 9 private g>d5s1 we h n met !m 9 ! woods4 ,?is "o 0 gr[+ 9 ! l(ty not* ( a great tree1 ov]hang+ ! wat]2 a tuft ( d>k gre5 leaves ) l>ge violet & /raw-color$ blossoms among !m4 ,x 0 q out ( rea*1 & ! little g>d5 look$ s pretty 9 its airy p]*1 t ,i 0 almo/ glad we _h no p[] to di/urb x4 ,aft] breakfa/ "s ( ! gue/s1 & ,mr4 ,agassiz among !m1 7 oblig$ to return to t[n on bus9ess4 ,!y rejo9$ u 9 "t = a late d9n]1 arriv+ 9 a canoe in/ead ( com+ on foot1 an exp]im5t :i* we _h be5 prev5t$ f try+ 9 ! morn+1 because we _h be5 told t1 z ! ig>ap 0 l[ & ! bottom v rocky1 x w\ld be impossible to asc5d ! :ole di/ance 9 a boat4 ,!y came1 h[ev]1 9 p]fect safety1 & 7 delight$ ) ! picturesque beauty ( ! r[4 ,aft] a v *e]ful d9n]1 clos+ ) a cup ( c(fee 9 ! op5 air1 we />t$ at twilight = t[n1 by diff]5t roads4 ,desir\s to see ! l[] c\rse ( ! ig>ap1 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz report$ z s beautiful1 & be+ assur$ t !re 0 no real dang]1 ,i return$ 9 ! little canoe ) ,mr4 ,honorio4 ,x 0 ?\ght be/ n to ov]load x1 s ! o!rs took ! =e/ road by :i* we _h come 9 ! morn+4 ,i mu/ say t z ,i w5t d[n ! r\gh /eps to ! l&+1 9 ! v pool :]e we _h ba!d1 x /ruck me t ! und]tak+ 0 some:at p]il\s2 if ?is ov]%ad[$ nook 0 d>k at noonday1 x 0 black at nightfall1 & ! turbul5t little /ream1 ru%+ along ov] rocks & logs1 look$ mis*iev\s4 ,! re/ ( ! p>ty w5t ) u to ! emb>kation1 &1 z we disappe>$ 9 ! d>kness "u ! ov]hang+ bran*es1 "o ( !m call$ aft] u1 laugh+ly1 8,lasciate ogni sp]anza1 voi *e 'ntrate40 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 only dang] en\gh to laugh at1 none to give real conc]n1 & ,i enjoy$ ! r[ ?r\gh ! n>r[ *annel1 :]e ! trees met ov]head1 & :]e ! boatm5 7 oblig$ to jump into ! wat] to guide ! canoe among ! b\ld]s & fall5 trunks4 ,we rea*$ home 9 p]fect safety1 & 9 "t to welcome ! o!rs :5 !y arriv$ on foot4 ,novemb] #h?4--,manaos has be5 9 unwont$ agitation1 = ! la/ few days1 on ! subject ( a public ball to be giv5 9 honor ( ,mr4 ,tav>es ,ba/os4 ,:]e x %\ld take place1 :at %\ld be ! day & h\r1 &1 among ! ,s5horas1 :at "o %\ld we>1 h be5 ! subjects ( discussion4 ,! d\btful que/ions 7 at la/ settl$1 & x 0 appo9t$ = ! fif? ( ! mon?1 9 ! ,presid5t's palace4 8,palace0 is ! "n always giv5 to ! resid5ce ( ! ,presid5t ( ! prov9ce1 h[ev] little ! h\se may be 9 keep+ ) ! title4 ,! night 0 n s auspici\s z c\ld h be5 wi%$2 x 0 v d>k1 &1 z no su* luxury z a c>riage is kn[n "h1 ! diff]5t p>ties might be se5 grop+ ?r\gh ! /reets at ! appo9t$ h\r1 light$ ) lant]ns4 ,e n[ & !n1 z we 7 on our way1 a ball-dress w\ld em]ge f ! d>kness ( an opposite corn]1 pick+ its way ) great c>e along ! muddy ruts4 ,:5 we _h all assembl$1 h[ev]1 ,i did n see t any toilet _h suff]$ s]i\sly on ! road4 ,! dresses 7 ( e v>iety1 f silks & sat9s to /uff g[ns1 & ! complexions ( all t9ts1 f ! g5u9e negro ?r\gh pal] %ades ( ,indian & negro to :ite4 ,!re is absolutely no di/9ction ( color "h2 a black lady1 always suppos+ h] to be free1 is treat$ ) z mu* consid]ation & meets ) z mu* att5tion z a :ite "o4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 r>e to see a p]son 9 society :o c be call$ a g5u9e negro2 b !re are _m mulattoes & mamelucos1 t is1 p]sons hav+ black or ,indian blood4 ,!re is little ease 9 ,brazilian society1 ev5 9 ! l>g] cities2 /ill less 9 ! small] ones1 :]e1 to gu>d aga9/ mi/akes1 ! conv5tionalities ( t[n life are exagg]at$4 ,! ,brazilians1 inde$1 ?\gh s k9d & hospitable1 are a =mal p1 fond ( etiquette & social solemnities4 ,on _! arrival1 all ! ,s5horas 7 plac$ 9 /iff r[s ar\nd ! walls ( ! danc+-room4 ,occasionally an un=tunate cavali] w\ld /ray 9 & address a few words to ?is =midable array ( fem99e *>ms2 b x 0 n until ! close ( ! ev5+1 :5 ! danc+ _h brok5 up ! company into gr\ps1 t ! sc5e became really gay4 ,at int]vals1 trays ( 8doces0 & tea 7 h&$ r\nd1 & at twelve !re 0 a m solid repa/1 at :i* all ! ladies 7 seat$1 _! p>tn]s /&+ beh9d _! *airs & wait+ ^u !m4 ,!n began ! toa/s & heal?s1 :i* 7 giv5 & receiv$ ) great en?usiasm4 ,aft] supp] ! danc+ 0 r5ew$ & cont9u$ till aft] midnight1 :5 ! /eam] f ,p> 0 se5 com+ into port1 ?r[+ up rockets & burn+ blue-lights z %e advanc$1 to ann\nce t %e 0 ! be>] ( good tid+s f ! w>4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 gave g5]al satisfaction1 & ! ball broke up 9 great hil>ity4 ,!re 7 "s :o did n sleep at all t night1 = _m ( ! g5tlem5 w5t f ! ball-room to ! /eam] 9 se>* ( ! pap]s1 :i* br\ght ! news ( a decid$ victory ov] ! ,p>aguayans1 at ,uruguayana1 :]e ! ,emp]or comm&$ 9 p]son4 ,x is said t sev5 ?\s& prison]s 7 tak54 ,! next night ! ball 0 r5ew$ 9 honor ( ?is victory2 s t ,manaos1 ^: inhabitants compla9 ( ! life z v dull1 has _h a mo/ unwont$ ru% ( gayety ?is week4 ,novemb] #i?4--,! sev]ity 9 recruit+1 ( :i* we he>d s mu* at ! ,lake ( ,hyanu>y1 is beg9n+ to be> its fruits 9 g5]al discont5t4 ,"s ( ! recruits h made _! escape1 &1 on ,tuesday & ,w$nesday1 be=e ! /eam] 9 :i* !y 7 to g d[n to ,p> sail$1 ! di/urbance 0 s great among !m t !y 7 kept "u lock & key4 ,! impression seems to be g5]al "h t ! prov9ce ( ! ,amazonas has be5 call$ ^u to be> m ?an its %>e ( ! burd51 & t ! def5celessness ( ! ,indians 9 ! scatt]$ settlem5ts has made !m especially victims4 ,z !re 0 no o!r arm$ =ce "h1 sev]al ( ! crew ( ! 8,ibicuhy0 7 tak5 to g d[n to ,p> z gu>d ov] ! unruly troops4 ,p>tly 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 we h resolv$ to rema9 at ,manaos till ! end ( ! mon?2 a delay :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz does n regret1 z x enables him to cont9ue ! comp>ison ( ! races :i* he has begun1 & = :i* ! circum/ances "h are unusually favorable4 ,9 ! mean "t ! ,presid5t has provid$ him ) canoes & m5 = ?ree sep>ate exp$itions1 on :i* he s5ds (f ?ree p>ties ?is week3 ,mr4 ,talisman & ,mr4 ,dext] to ! ,rio ,negro & ,rio ,branco1 to be abs5t six weeks2 ,mr4 ,?ay] & ,mr4 ,b\rget to ,lake ,cudajas1 to be gone t5 days2 ,mr4 ,james to ,manacapuru1 = ab\t ! same "t4 ,we feel ! g5]osity ( ?is conduct ! m1 kn[+ h[ greatly ! adm9i/ration /&s 9 ne$ ( m5 & ( all ! res\rces at its comm& 9 ! pres5t di/urb$ /ate ( ?+s4 ,novemb] #ah?4--,"o c h>dly walk 9 any direction out ( ! t[n )\t meet+ some?+ *>act]i/ic ( ! p & _! ways ( liv+4 ,at sev5 o'clock1 to-day1 ,i took my morn+ walk ?r\gh ! wood ne> ! h\se to an ig>ap1 :i* is ! sc5e ( mu* ( ! out-(-doors life "h1--fi%+1 wa%+1 ba?+1 turtle-%oot+4 ,z ,i return$ along ! little pa? lead+ by ! side ( ! /ream1 two nak$ ,indian boys 7 %oot+ fi% ) b[ & arr[s f a fall5 tree :i* jutt$ out into ! /ream4 ,l bronze /atues !y look$1 z !y /ood quiet & wat*ful1 9 attitudes full ( grace & /r5g?1 _! b[s drawn ready to let ! arr[ fly ! mom5t !y %\ld cat* sight ( ! fi%4 ,! ,indian boys are wond]fully skilful 9 ?is sport1 & also 9 %oot+ arr[s ?r\gh long bl[-pipes 7,s>abatanas7 to kill birds4 ,?is is no bad way ( %oot+1 = ! report ( ! gun />tles ! game s effectually 9 ^! ?ick =e/s1 t aft] a few %ots ! sportsman f9ds ! woods 9 8 imm$iate neighborhood des]t$2 :]eas ! ,indian boy creeps /eal?ily up to ! spot f :i* he takes aim & dis*>ges 8 noiseless arr[ ) su* precision1 t ! bird or monkey drops d[n f among its companions1 )\t _! p]ceiv+ ! cause ( its disappe>ance4 ,:ile ,i 0 wat*+ ! boys1 a canoe came up ! /ream1 paddl$ by wom51 & load$ ) fruit & vegetables1 on ! top ( :i* sat two bright gre5 p>rots4 ,two ( ! wom5 7 old & hide\s1 v wr9kl$ & )]$1 z ^! p usually are 9 old age2 b ! ?ird 0 ! h&some/ ,indian woman ,i h ev] se51 ) a t+e ( :ite blood to be sure1 = h] sk9 0 fair] & h] features m regul> ?an ^? ( ! ,indians g5]ally4 ,!y 7 com+ f _! sitio1 z ,i le>n$ aft]w>ds4 ,:5 !y _h moor$ _! boat to a tree1 ! y\ng] woman began to unload1 tuck+ h] petticoat ab\t h] hips1 & wad+ to & fro ) baskets ( fruit & vegetables on h] head4 ,h] hair 0 dress$ ) fl[]s1 z is usual ) ^! wom52 h[ev] scanty _! clo?+1 !y seldom =get ?is ornam5t4 ,novemb] #bj?4--,! ,presid5t1 ,dr4 ,epam9ondas1 add$ ye/]day to ! _m k9dnesses by :i* he has r5d]$ our /ay "h d\bly pleasant1 9 giv+ an exce$+ly pretty fte 9 honor ( ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,! place *os5 0 ! asylum = ,indian *ildr5 already describ$1 well adapt$ = ! purpose on acc\nt ( its l>ge1 airy rooms & beautiful situation2 & ! invitation 0 giv5 out 9 ! "n ( ! 8,prov9ce ( ! ,amazonas40#hb ,! day 0 mo/ propiti\s2 a ra9 dur+ ! night _h cool$ ! air1 & a slightly ov]ca/ sky1 comb9$ ) ! fre%ness ( ! atmosph]e1 gave j ! conditions mo/ desirable = any su* excursion 9 ?is climate4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! bea* f :i* we 7 to leave1 p 7 beg9n+ to assemble1 & a numb] ( canoes 7 already on _! way1 look+ v gay ) _! :ite awn+s above & ! bright dresses inside4 ,tw5ty m9utes' r[ br\ght u to our de/9ation4 ,! sc5e 0 v pretty2 ! pa? f ! l&+ to ! ma9 h\se 0 l9$ ) flags & ) palm-trees br\ght f ! =e/ = ! occasion1 & ! op5 sides ( ! l>ge rooms outside1 usually work+-rooms1 b n[ fitt$ up = ! breakfa/1 7 all fill$ 9 ) gre5 ar*es built ( trees & fl[]s1 s t ! :ole space 0 trans=m$1 = ! "t be+1 into an arbor4 ,we 7 receiv$ ) music & conduct$ to ! ma9 build+1 :]e all ! gue/s gradually assembl$1 "s two hundr$ 9 numb]4 ,at ab\t "o o'clock ! ,presid5t l$ ! way to ! gre5 arcades :i*1 z yet1 we _h se5 only f a di/ance4 ,no?+ c\ld be m ta/eful ?an ! arrangem5ts4 ,! tables 7 plac$ ar\nd a holl[ squ>e1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* 0 ! ,am]ican flag1 ) ! ,brazilian on ei!r side ( x2 :ile a numb] ( o!r flags drap$ ! room & made ! :ole sc5e bright ) color4 ,! l&scape1 fram$ 9 ! op5 gre5 ar*es1 made s _m pictures1 pretty glimpses ( wat] & wood1 ) "h & !re a palm-?at*$ ro( among ! trees on ! opposite side ( ! riv]4 ,a fre% breeze blew ?r\gh ! op5 d9+-room1 /irr+ ! folds ( ! flags1 & mak+ a pleasant ru/le 9 ! trees1 :i* add$ _! music to t ( ! b& outside4 ,s9ce we are on ! ,amazons1 a ?\s& miles f its m\?1 x is wor? :ile to say a ^w ( ! breakfa/ itself4 ,!re is su* an exagg]at$ idea ( ! h>d%ips & difficulty ( a voyage on ! ,amazons1 7at lea/ s ,i inf] f _m rem>ks made to u1 n only at home1 b ev5 9 ,rio de ,janeiro by ,brazilians !mselves1 :5 we 7 on ! eve ( dep>ture = ?is j\rney17 t x w h>dly be believ$ t a public breakfa/1 giv5 9 ,manaos1 %\ld h all ! com=ts1 & almo/ all ! luxuries1 ( a simil> ent]ta9m5t 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,x is true1 t we _h nei!r ices nor *ampagne1 ! =m] be+ ( c\rse difficult to obta9 9 ?is climate2 b ^! two exceptions 7 m ?an comp5sat$ = by ! pres5ce ( tropical fruits n to be _h else:]e at any price1--enorm\s ,p9eapples1 gre5 & purple ,abacatys 7alligator pe>s71 crimson ,pitangas1 ,attas 7fruta d ,conde71 ,abios1 ,sapotis1 ,bananas ( ! *oice/ k9ds & 9 ! greate/ pr(usion1 & a v>iety ( ,m>acujas 7! fruit ( ! passion-fl[]74#hc ,! breakfa/ 0 gay1 ! toa/s 7 num]\s1 ! spee*es animat$1 & long aft] ! ,s5horas _h left ! table ! room /ill e*o$ ) ,vivas1 z heal? foll[$ heal?4 ,at ! close ( ! d9n] !re 0 a little sc5e :i* /ruck u z v pretty2 ,i d n "k :e!r x is a cu/om "h1 b1 z x excit$ no rem>k1 ,i suppose x may be4 ,:5 ! g5tlem5 return$ to ! h\se1 br++ ! music ) !m1 all ! wait]s assembl$ 9 l9e be=e ! door1 decant] & glass 9 h&1 to f9i% ! rema9s ( ! w9e ) a toa/ on _! own acc\nt4 ,! head-wait] !n /ood 9 front ( !m & gave ! heal?1 fir/1 ( ! p]sons = :om ! banquet 0 giv51 foll[$ by t ( ! ,presid5t1 all ( :i* 7 answ]$ ) ,vivas z !y fill$ _! glasses4 ,!n "o ( ! g5tlem5 /epp+ =w>d gave1 amid %\ts ( laught]1 ! heal? ( ! head-wait] himself1 :i* 0 drank 9 a clos+ bump] ) p]haps m animation ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,! aft]noon clos$ ) danc+1 & at sunset ! canoes assembl$ & we return$ to ! city1 all feel+1 ,i believe1 t ! fe/ival _h be5 a v happy "o4 ,x c]ta9ly 0 s = ^? to :om x 0 int5d$ to give pleasure1 & c\ld h>dly fail to be likewise = ^? :o _h plann$ & execut$ x4 ,x w seem /range to _m ( my read]s t ,sunday %\ld be *os5 = su* a fte2 b "h1 z 9 _m p>ts ( cont95tal ,europe1 ev5 9 ,prote/ant di/ricts1 ,sunday is a holiday & kept z su*4 ,novemb] #bg?4--,ye/]day ,i visit$ ! prison :]e ! wife ( ! *ief ( police _h invit$ me to see "s ( ! c>v$ articles1 /raw "w1 c41 made by ! prison]s4 ,i _h expect$ to be pa9$1 because ,i ?\ght1 f ! retrograde "* ( ?+s 9 g5]al "h1 ! prison sy/em w\ld be bad4 ,b ! climate 9 ^! hot c\ntries regulates ! prison life 9 "s degree4 ,m5 _c be %ut up 9 close1 d>k cells1 )\t endang]+ n only _! own lives1 b ! sanit>y condition ( ! e/abli%m5t also4 ,!re=e ! prison is light & airy1 ) pl5ty ( doors & w9d[s1 secur$ by b>s1 b n o!rwise clos$4 ,i inf]1 h[ev]1 f a passage on ! prisons ( ! prov9ce1 conta9$ 9 "o ( ! able reports ( ,presid5t ,adolfo de ,b>ros 7#ahfd71 t )9 ! la/ ye> !re has be5 a great improvem5t1 at lea/ 9 ! prison ( ,manaos4 ,he says3 8,! /ate ( ! prisons exce$s all t c be said to _! disadvantage4 ,n only is x true t !re is n to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce a prison :i* fulfils ! conditions impos$ by ! law1 b !re is n "o :i* des]ves ! "n ( prison ) ! exception ( t 9 ! capital4 ,& ev5 ?is "o1 :ile x does n possess "o ( ! conditions exact$ by simil> in/itutions1 conta9s s disproportionate a numb] ( prison]s ( all classes1 s indiscrim9ately m+l$1 t1 sett+ aside ! o!r difficulties aris+ f ?is association1 x is only by ! m]cy ( ,provid5ce t ! jail has n be5 conv]t$ into a focus ( epidemics dur+ ! great heat prevail+ 9 ?is city = a great "p ( ! ye>4 ,9 f\r small rooms1 insuffici5tly v5tilat$ & light$1 are assembl$ =ty prison]s 7includ+ ! sick7 ( v>i\s classes & conditions4 ,)\t air1 )\t cleanl9ess1 almo/ )\t room to move 9 _! smo!r$ & damp enclosure1 ^! unhappy be+s1 aga9/ all precepts ( law & humanity1 suff] f> m ?an ! simple & salut>y rigor ( puni%m5t40 ,^! /rictures mu/ h l$ to a great am5dm5t1 = ! prison does n n[ appe> to be defici5t 9 light or 9 v5tilation1 & !re is a hospital provid$ ap>t = ! sick4 ,"s ( ! prison]s1 especially ^? :o 7 !re = political (f5ces1 hav+ be5 conc]n$ 9 a rec5t revolt at ,s]pa1 7 v heavily iron$2 b1 except+ ?is1 !re 7 no signs1 visible at lea/ to ! transi5t obs]v]1 ( cruelty or neglect4 ,aft] "s rem>ks on ! be/ modes ( re=m+ ^! abuses & ! means to be employ$ = t object1 ,dr4 ,adolfo goes on to speak ( ! ru9\s condition ( ! prisons 9 o!r cities ( ! prov9ce4 8,su* is ! /ate ( ! prison 9 ! t[n ( ,teff4 ,! edifice 9 :i* x is e/abli%$ is an old & crumbl+ h\se1 belong+ to ! municipality1 ?at*$ ) /raw1 & s ru9\s1 t x seem$ to me1 :5 ,i visit$ x1 r l a des]t$ habitation ?an l a build+ de/9$ = ! det5tion ( crim9als4 ,!re 7 b a few prison]s1 "s ( :om 7 already condemn$4 ,i =m$ a favorable judgm5t ( !m all1 = x seem$ to me !y mu/ h ei!r great confid5ce 9 _! own innoc5ce1 or scruples z to compromis+ ! few soldi]s :o act$ z gu>ds4 ,9 no o!r way c\ld ,i expla9 ! fact t !y rema9$ 9 prison1 :5 flight seem$ s easy40 ,i well rememb] "o ev5+ :5 walk+ 9 ,teff see+ a numb] ( m5 lean+ aga9/ ! wood5 grat+ ( a dimly light$ room 9 a ru9\s ?at*$ h\se1 & be+ told t ?is 0 ! prison4 ,i ask$ myself ! same "q :i* pres5t$ itself to ! ,presid5t's m9d1--:y ^! wild-look+1 half-nak$ creatures _h n long ago made _! escape f a prison ^: b>s & bolts w\ld h>dly h impos$ re/ra9t ^u a *ild4 ,! report cont9ues3 8,a m dec5t &1 above all1 a m secure prison at ?is po9t1 ! mo/ important 9 ! :ole ,solimo5s1 is an urg5t & ev5 indisp5sable necessity4 ,( ! sixte5 prisons 9 ! :ole prov9ce1 only two1 t ( ! capital & ( ,b>cellos1 h _! own build+s4 ,) ^! exceptions1 ! prison]s occupy ei!r a "p ( ! h\ses ( ! legislative *amb]s1 or are plac$ 9 private h\ses hir$ = ! purpose1 or 9 ! qu>t]s ( ! milit>y deta*m5ts4 ,9 ^! diff]5t prisons #ech prison]s 7 receiv$ dur+ ! curr5t ye>1 inclusive ( recruits & des]t]s40 ,?is la/ clause1 8inclusive ( recruits & des]t]s10 & ! association ( ! two classes ( m5 toge!r1 z if equally del9qu5t1 t\*es ^u a po9t h>dly to be ov]look$ by ! mo/ sup]ficial obs]v]1 & :i* makes a v pa9ful impression on /rang]s4 ,! sy/em ( recruit+1 or r ! utt] want ( sy/em1 leads to ! mo/ t]rible abuse ( au?ority 9 rais+ m5 = ! army4 ,i believe t ! law provides = a con/itutional draft levi$ equally on all classes1 exclud+ m5 bel[ or above a c]ta9 age1 or hav+ c]ta9 responsibilities at home4 ,b if su* a law exi/s x is c]ta9ly n en=c$2 recruit+ p>ties1 z bad z ! old 8press-gangs0 ( ,engl&1 g out into ! =e/ & seize ! ,indians :]ev] !y c f9d !m4 ,all :o resi/ ?is summ>y treatm5t or %[ any incl9ation to escape are put into prison till ! /eam] leaves1 by :i* !y are despat*$ to ,p> & !nce to ! army4 ,! only ov]cr[d$ room ,i saw at ! prison 0 t :]e ! recruits 7 conf9$4 ,com+ f a c\ntry :]e ! soldi] is honor$1 :]e m5 ( bir? & education h %[n t !y are n a%am$ to s]ve 9 ! l9e if necess>y1 x seem$ to me /range & sad to see ^! m5 h]d$ ) common crim9als4 ,! record ( ! prov9ce ( ! ,amazonas w read well 9 ! hi/ory ( ! pres5t w>1 = ! numb] ( troops contribut$ is v l>ge 9 proportion to ! population4 ,b z mo/ ( !m are obta9$ 9 ?is way1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! result is a v /rong evid5ce ( patriotism4 ,! abuses m5tion$ above are n1 h[ev]1 conf9$ to ^! remote regions4#hd ,x is n uncommon1 ev5 9 ! m popul\s & c5tral p>ts ( ,brazil1 to meet recruits on ! road1 s-call$ volunte]s1 *a9$ two & two by ! neck l crim9als1 "u an arm$ gu>d4 ,:5 we fir/ met a squad ( m5 "u ^! circum/ances1 on ! ,juiz de ,=a road1 we suppos$ !m to be des]t]s1 b ! ,brazilians :o 7 ) u1 & :o seem$ deeply mortifi$ at ! circum/ance1 said t !y 7 no d\bt ord9>y recruits1 arre/$ )\t inquiry on ! "o side1 or p[] ( resi/ance on ! o!r4 ,!y ass]t$ t ?is mode ( recruit+ 0 illegal1 b t _! *a9s w\ld be tak5 (f be=e ent]+ ! city1 & no que/ions ask$4 ,a ,brazilian told me t he _h kn[n an in/ance 9 :i* a p]sonal pique aga9/ an enemy _h be5 gratifi$ by po9t+ out its object to ! recruit+ (fic]1 :o _h ! man at once enli/$1 ?\gh a l>ge family 0 entirely dep5d5t ^u him4 ,our in=mant seem$ to "k no r$ress = tyranny l ?is4 ,! hospitality we h receiv$ 9 ,brazil1 ! sympa?y %[n to ,mr4 ,agassiz 9 8 sci5tific und]tak+s1 z well z our own s5tim5ts ( gratitude & affection = our _m fri5ds "h1 =bid u to ent] into any criticism ( ,brazilian mann]s or habits :i* c\ld h a p]sonal application4 ,nei!r d ,i believe t a few mon?s' resid5ce 9 a c\ntry entitles any "o to a judgm5t ^u ! national "* ( its p4 ,yet !re are c]ta9 features ( ,brazilian in/itutions & politics :i* _c b /rike a /rang] unfavorably1 & :i* expla9 ! compla9ts "o con/antly he>s f =eign resid5ts4 ,! exce$+ly lib]al con/itution1 borr[$ 9 great "p f our own1 prep>es "o to expect ! l>ge/ practical lib]ty4 ,to a degree ?is exi/s2 !re is no c5sor%ip ( ! press2 !re is no con/ra9t ^u ! ex]cise ( any man's religion2 nom9ally1 !re is absolute fre$om ( ?\ght & belief4 ,b 9 ! practical work+ ( ! laws !re is a v arbitr>y elem5t1 & a petty tyranny ( ! police aga9/ :i* !re seems to be no appeal4 ,!re is1 9 %ort1 an utt] want ( h>mony betwe5 ! in/itutions & ! actual condition ( ! p4 ,may x n be1 t a borr[$ con/itution1 9 no way ! gr[? ( ! soil1 is1 aft] all1 l an ill-fitt+ g>m5t1 n made = ! we>]1 & hang+ loosely ^u him8 ,!re c be no organic relation betwe5 a truly lib]al =m ( gov]nm5t & a p = :om1 tak+ !m z a :ole1 little or no education is provid$1 ^: religion is adm9i/]$ by a corrupt cl]gy1 & :o1 :e!r :ite or black1 are br\ght up "u ! influ5ce ( slav]y4 ,lib]ty w n abide 9 ! laws alone2 x mu/ h its life 9 ! desire ( ! nation1 its /r5g? 9 h] resolve to h & to hold x4 ,ano!r feature :i* makes a pa9ful impression on ! /rang] is ! enfeebl$ "* ( ! population4 ,i h spok5 ( ?is be=e1 b 9 ! nor!rn prov9ces x is m evid5t ?an f>!r s\?4 ,x is n m]ely t ! *ildr5 are ( e hue2 ! v>iety ( color 9 e society :]e slav]y prevails tells ! same /ory ( amalgamation ( race2 b "h ?is mixture ( races seems to h _h a mu* m unfavorable influ5ce on ! physical developm5t ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is z if all cle>ness ( type _h be5 blurr$1 & ! result is a vague comp\nd lack+ "* & expression4 ,?is hybrid class1 al?\gh m m>k$ "h because ! ,indian elem5t is add$1 is v num]\s 9 all ! cities & on ! l>ge plantations2 p]haps ! fact1 s honorable to ,brazil1 t ! free negro has full access to all ! privileges ( any free citiz51 r t5ds to increase ?an dim9i% ! numb]4#he ,decemb] #c;d4--,ye/]day 0 ! ,emp]or's bir?day1 always kept z a holiday ?r\gh\t ,brazil1 & ?is ye> ) m en?usiasm ?an usual1 because he has j return$ f ! army1 & has made himself d\bly de> to 8 p1 n only by ! success :i* att5d$ 8 pres5ce !re1 b by 8 humanity t[>d ! soldi]s4 ,we _h our illum9ations1 b\quets1 music1 c41 z well z ! re/ ( ! _w2 b z ,manaos is n ov]fl[+ ) weal?1 ! c&les 7 r few1 & !re 7 long lapses ( d>kness alt]nat+ ) ! occasional brilliancy4 ,we w5t out 9 ! ev5+ to make a few calls1 & li/5 to ! music 9 ! op5 gr\nd dignifi$ by ! "n ( ! public squ>e4 ,"h all ! surr\nd+ build+s 7 brightly illum9at$2 !re 0 a v pretty t5t 9 ! c5tre1 :]e ! b& ( ,indian *ildr5 f ! ,casa dos ,educ&os 0 play+2 prep>ations 7 mak+ = ! asc5sion ( a light$ balloon at a lat] h\r1 & s on4 ,b :5ev] we h be5 pres5t at public fe/ivities 9 ,brazil1--& our obs]vation is confirm$ by o!r =eign]s1--we h be5 /ruck ) ! want ( gayety1 ! abs5ce ( m]rim5t4 ,!re is a k9d ( lack-lu/re "* 9 _! ftes1 s f> z any demon/ration ( enjoym5t is conc]n$4 ,p]haps x is ow+ to _! en]vat+ climate1 b ! ,brazilians d n seem to "w or play ) a w4 ,!y h n ! activity :i*1 :ile x makes life a re/less fev] ) our p1 gives x int]e/ also2 nei!r h !y ! love ( amusem5t ( ! cont95tal ,europeans4 ,decemb] #f?4--,manaos4 ,mr4 ,?ay] return$ to-day f ,lake ,alexo1 br++ a valuable collection ( fi%1 obta9$ ) "s difficulty on acc\nt ( ! height ( wat]2 x is rapidly ris+ n[1 & ! fi% are 9 consequ5ce daily scatt]$ ov] a wid] space4 ,?is addition ) ! collections br\ght 9 by ,mr4 ,b\rget & ,mr4 ,?ay] f ,cudajas1 by ,mr4 ,james f ,manacapuru1 & by ,major ,c\t9ho f ,lake ,hyanu>y1 ,jos-,f]n&ez1 ,curupira1 c41 c41 br+s ! numb] ( ,amazonian species up to some?+ ov] ?irte5 hundr$4 ,mr4 ,agassiz /ill c>ries out 8 plan ( disp]s+ 8 work+ =ce 9 su* a mann] z to det]m9e ! limits ( ! di/ribution ( species2 to asc]ta91 = in/ance1 :e!r ^? :i* are 9 ! ,amazons at "o season may be 9 ! ,solimo5s at ano!r or at ! same "t1 & also :e!r ^? :i* are f\nd ab\t ,manaos ext5d high] up 9 ! ,rio ,negro4 ,= ?is reason1 z we h se51 :ile at ,teff himself he kept p>ties above 9 v>i\s localities1--at ,tabat+a & on ! riv]s ,ia & ,hyutahy2 & n[1 :ile he & "s ( 8 assi/ants are collect+ 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ,manaos1 ,mr4 ,dext] & ,mr4 ,talisman are on ! ,rio ,negro & ,rio ,branco4 ,foll[+ ! same plan 9 desc5d+ ! riv]1 he int5ds to e/abli% "o /ation at ,s]pa1 ano!r at ,obydos1 ano!r at ,sant>em1 :ile he w g himself to ! riv] ,mauhes1 :i* connects ! ,amazons ) ! ,madeira4 ,decemb] #aj?4--,to-day ,mr4 ,dext] & ,mr4 ,talisman return$ f _! canoe excursion to ! ,rio ,branco4 ,!y are r disappo9t$ 9 ! result ( _! exp$ition1 hav+ f\nd ! /ate ( ! wat]s mo/ extraord9>y = ! season & v unfavorable = _! purpose4 ,! ,rio ,negro 0 s full t ! bea*es _h entirely disappe>$1 & x 0 impossible to draw ! nets2 :ile on ! ,rio ,branco ! p /at$ t ! wat] _h n fall5 dur+ ! :ole ye>1--an unhe>d-( ph5om5on1 & un=tunate = ! inhabitants1 :o 7 dread+ fam9e = want ( _! usual supply ( dri$ & salt$ fi%1 on :i* !y s l>gely dep5d = food4 ,?is provision is always made :5 ! wat]s are l[e/1 & :5 ! l>ge fi%1 driv5 into %all[] & n>r[] bas9s1 are easily caught4 ,?\gh _! collection ( fi% is !re=e small1 includ+ only tw5ty-eight new species1 ,mr4 ,dext] & ,mr4 ,talisman br+ sev]al monkeys1 a v l>ge alligator1 "s beautiful birds1 among !m ! blue ,mackaw1 & a numb] ( v f9e palms4 ,to-morr[ we leave ,manaos 9 ! ,ibicuhy1 on an excursion to ! little t[n ( ,mauhes1 :]e we are to pass a week or t5 days4 ,?\gh we return = a day or two on our way to ! ,rio ,negro1 yet we feel t our p]man5t /ay 9 ,manaos is ov]4 ,! six weeks we h pass$ "h h be5 v valuable 9 sci5tific results4 ,n only has ,mr4 ,agassiz l>gely increas$ 8 k ( ! fi%es1 b he has _h an opportunity ( accumulat+ a mass ( new & int]e/+ in=mation on ! _m v>ieties ( ! color$ races1 produc$ by ! cross+ ( ,indians1 negroes1 & :ites1 :i* he has record$ n only 9 notes1 b 9 a v complete s]ies ( photographs4 ,p]haps n[h]e 9 ! _w c ! bl5d+ ( types among m5 be /udi$ s fully z 9 ! ,amazons1 :]e mamelucos1 cafuzos1 mulattoes1 cabocos1 negroes1 & :ites are m+l$ 9 a confusion t seems at fir/ inextricable4 ,i ins]t bel[ a few extracts f 8 notes on ?is subject1 :i* he purposes to treat m 9 detail1 %\ld he f9d "t h]eaft] to "w up ! abundant mat]ial he has collect$4 8,h[ev] naturali/s may diff] respect+ ! orig9 ( species1 !re is at lea/ "o po9t on :i* !y agree1 namely1 t ! (fspr+ f two s-call$ diff]5t species is a be+ int]m$iate betwe5 !m1 %>+ ! peculi> features ( bo? p>5ts1 b resembl+ nei!r s closely z to be mi/ak5 = a pure repres5tative ( ! "o or ! o!r4 ,i hold ?is fact to be ( ! utmo/ importance 9 e/imat+ ! value & mean+ ( ! diff]5ces obs]v$ betwe5 ! s-call$ human races4 ,i leave aside ! "q ( _! probable orig91 & ev5 t ( _! numb]2 = my purpose1 x does n matt] :e!r !re are ?ree1 f\r1 five1 or tw5ty human races1 & :e!r !y orig9at$ indep5d5tly f "o ano!r or n4 ,! fact t !y diff] by con/ant p]man5t features is 9 itself suffici5t to ju/ify a comp>ison betwe5 ! human races & animal species4 ,we "k t1 among animals1 :5 two individuals ( diff]5t sex & belong+ to di/9ct species produce an (fspr+1 ! latt] does n closely resemble ei!r p>5t1 b %>es ! *>act]i/ics ( bo?2 & x seems to me ( ! highe/ significance t ?is fact is equally true ( any two individuals ( diff]5t sexes1 belong+ to diff]5t human races4 ,! *ild born ( negro & :ite p>5ts is nei!r black nor :ite1 b a mulatto2 ! *ild born ( :ite & ,indian p>5ts is nei!r :ite nor ,indian1 b a mameluco2 ! *ild born ( negro & ,indian p>5ts is nei!r a negro nor an ,indian1 b a cafuzo2 & ! cafuzo1 mameluco1 & mulatto %>e ! peculi>ities ( bo? p>5ts1 j z ! mule %>es ! *>act]i/ics ( ! horse & ass4 ,) ref]5ce to _! (fspr+1 ! races ( m5 /&1 !n1 to "o ano!r 9 ! same relation z diff]5t species among animals2 & ! ^w races1 9 its pres5t significance1 ne$s only to be reta9$ till ! numb] ( human species is def9itely asc]ta9$ & _! true *>act]i/ics fully und]/ood4 ,i am satisfi$ t1 unless x c be %[n t ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,indian1 negro & :ite races are un/able & transi5t1 x is n 9 keep+ ) ! facts to affirm a community ( orig9 = all ! v>ieties ( ! human family1 nor 9 keep+ ) sci5tific pr9ciples to make a diff]5ce betwe5 human races & animal species 9 a sy/ematic po9t ( view4 ,9 ^! v>i\s =ms ( humanity !re is z mu* sy/em z 9 any?+ else 9 nature1 & by ov]look+ ! ?\ghtful comb9ations express$ 9 !m we place ourselves at once outside ( ! focus f :i* ! :ole may be correctly se54 ,9 consequ5ce ( _! con/ancy1 ^! diff]5ces are s _m limitations to prev5t a complete melt+ ( normal types into ea* o!r & consequ5t loss ( _! primitive features4 ,t ^! diff]5t types are g5etically =eign to "o ano!r1 & d n run toge!r by imp]ceptible1 int]m$iate degrees1 appe>s pla9 :5 _! mixtures are comp>$4 ,:ite & negro produce mulattoes1 :ite & ,indian produce mamelucos1 negro & ,indian produce cafuzos1 & ^! ?ree k9ds ( half-bre$s are n connect+ l9ks betwe5 ! pure races1 b /& exactly 9 t relation to !m 9 :i* all hybrids /& to _! p>5ts4 ,! mameluco is z truly a half-bre$ betwe5 :ite & ,indian1 ! cafuzo z truly a half-bre$ betwe5 negro & ,indian1 z is ! mulatto1 commonly s call$1 a half-bre$ betwe5 :ite & negro4 ,!y all %>e equally ! peculi>ities ( bo? p>5ts1 & ?\gh m f]tile ?an half-bre$s 9 o!r families ( ! animal k+dom1 !re is 9 all a con/ant t5d5cy to rev]t to ! prim>y types 9 a c\ntry :]e ?ree di/9ct races are con/antly comm+l+1 = !y mix mu* m readily ) ! orig9al /ocks ?an ) ea* o!r4#hf ,*ildr5 betwe5 mameluco & mameluco1 or betwe5 cafuzo & cafuzo1 or betwe5 mulatto & mulatto1 are seldom met ) :]e ! pure races occur2 :ile (fspr+ ( mulattoes ) :ites1 ,indians & negroes1 or ( mamelucos ) :ites1 ,indians1 & negroes1 or ( cafuzos ) :ites1 ,indians1 & negroes1 =m ! bulk ( ^! mix$ populations4 ,! natural result ( an un9t]rupt$ contact ( half-bre$s ) "o ano!r is a class ( m5 9 :i* pure type fades away z completely z d all ! good qualities1 physical & moral1 ( ! primitive races1 eng5d]+ a mongrel cr[d z repulsive z ! mongrel dogs1 :i* are apt to be _! companions1 & among :i* x is impossible to pick out a s+le specim5 reta9+ ! intellig5ce1 ! nobility1 or ! affectionat5ess ( nature :i* makes ! dog ( pure type ! favorite companion ( civiliz$ man4 ,! "q respect+ ! relation ( ! human races to ea* o!r is complicat$ by ! want ( precision 9 ! def9ition ( species4 ,naturali/s diff] greatly 9 _! e/imation ( ! *>act]s by :i* species are to be di/+ui%$1 & ( _! natural limitations4 ,i h publi%$ else:]e my own views on ?is subject4 ,i believe ! b\nd>ies ( species to be precise & unv>y+1 bas$ ^u a category ( *>act]s q di/9ct f ^? on :i* ! o!r gr\ps ( ! animal k+dom1 z g5]a1 families1 ord]s1 & classes1 are f\nd$4 ,?is category ( *>act]s consi/s *iefly 9 ! relation ( individuals to "o ano!r & to _! surr\nd+s1 & 9 ! relative dim5sions & proportions ( p>ts4 ,^! *>act]s are no less p]man5t & con/ant 9 ! diff]5t species ( ! human family ?an 9 ^? ( any o!r family 9 ! animal k+dom1 & my obs]vations ^u ! cross-bre$s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica h conv9c$ me t ! v>ieties aris+ f contact betwe5 ^! human species1 or s-call$ races1 diff] f true species j z cross-bre$s among animals diff] f true species1 & t !y reta9 ! same liability to rev]t to ! orig9al /ock z is obs]v$ among all s-call$ v>ieties or bre$s40 ,our visit to ,mauhes w be ! pleasant] & d\btless ! m successful1 because ,dr4 ,epam9ondas1 :o has already done s mu* to facilitate ! objects ( ! exp$ition1 takes ?is opportunity ( visit+ a region ) :i*1 z ,presid5t ( ! prov9ce1 he is desir\s ( becom+ acqua9t$4 ,he is accompani$ by our ho/1 ,mr4 ,honorio1 ^: h\se has be5 su* a pleasant home = u dur+ our /ay 9 ,manaos1 & also by ,mr4 ,mi*elis1 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ( ! ,national ,gu>d ( ,mauhes1 return+ to 8 home !re1 aft] a /ay ( sev]al weeks 9 ,manaos4 ,besides ^!1 our p>ty consi/s ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 ,mr4 ,burkh>dt1 & ourselves4 ,! position ( ,mauhes1 on ! s\!rn side ( ! ,amazons1 & its proximity to ,manaos & ,s]pa1 may make ?is excursion especially in/ructive1 ) ref]5ce to ! /udy ( ! geographical di/ribution ( ! ,fi%es 9 ! great network ( riv]s connect+ ! ,rio ,madeira & ! ,rio ,tapajoz ) ! ,amazons4 ----- ,footnote #hb3 ,i tru/ t ! motive w n be misund]/ood :i* induces me to add "h a translation ( ! g5]al c>ds ( invitation di/ribut$ on ?is occasion4 ,! graceful expression ( a ?\ght s k9d1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,presid5t m]ges 8 own p]sonality 9 ! "n ( ! ,prov9ce ( :i* he is ! adm9i/rative head1 are s *>act]i/ic ( 8 m+l$ c\rtesy & mode/y1 t ,i am tempt$ to ins]t ! note1 not)/&+ its p]sonal "*4 ,un=tunately1 ,i _c always d full ju/ice to ! k9dness %[n ,mr4 ,agassiz ?r\gh\t our j\rney1 or to ! g5]al appreciation ( 8 sci5tific objects1 )\t introduc+ te/imonials into ?is n>rative :i* x w\ld p]haps be m becom+ 9 me to suppress4 ,b ,i d n "k h[ o!rwise to ackn[l$ge our obligations1 & ,i tru/ x w be attribut$1 by c&id read]s1 to ! true motive1--to gratitude & n to egotism4 8,! sci5tific labors und]tak5 at ?is "t by ! le>n$ & illu/ri\s ,pr(essor ,agassiz 9 ?is ,prov9ce1 m]it f ! ,amazon5ses ! mo/ s9c]e gratitude & ackn[l$gm5t1 & elicit on our "p a manife/ation by :i* we seek to %[ due appreciation ( 8 high intellectual m]it4 ,i wi% t = ?is object ,i c\ld dispose ( m abundant res\rces1 or t ! ,prov9ce _h 9 read9ess bett] means ( %[+ ! v5]ation & cordial e/eem we all be> to him1 ! respect & admiration we feel = 8 sci5tific explorations4 ,b ! unc]ta9ty ( 8 /ay among u obliges me to (f] at once "s pro(1 h[ev] insignificant1 ( our pr(\nd e/eem = ?is mo/ des]v+ ,am]ican4 8,to ?is end1 ! accompli%m5t ( :i* ,i _c long] def]1 ,i invite all to jo9 me 9 (f]+ to ,pr(essor ,agassiz & to 8 wife1 9 ! "n ( ! ,prov9ce ( ! ,amazonas1 a mode/ rural breakfa/ 7almoo campe/re7 9 ! ,casa dos ,educ&os1 on ,sunday1 ! #ah? ( ?is mon?1 at #aa o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,i h]eby invite y & y\r family to be pres5t1 9 ord] t ?is fe/ival1 great 9 ! e>ne/ness ( our int5tions1 h[ev] small z comp>$ ) ! importance ( ^? to :om x is (f]$1 %\ld be gay & brilliant4 8,,antonio ,,epam9ondas ,,de ,,mello4 8,palace ( ! ,gov]nm5t at ,manaos1 #ac ,novemb]1 #ahfe40 ,footnote #hc3 ,z ,i d n wi% to mislead1 & ?is n>rative may p]haps influ5ce "s "o to make a j\rney 9 ?is region1 ,i %\ld add1 t1 :ile ! above is /rictly true1 !re are _m ?+s ess5tial to ! com=t ( ! travell] n to be _h4 ,!re is n a dec5t hotel ?r\gh\t ! :ole l5g? ( ! ,amazons1 & any "o :o ?9ks ( travell+ !re mu/ provide himself ) su* lett]s z w secure accommodation 9 private h\ses4 ,s recomm5d$1 he may safely dep5d ^u hospitality1 or ^u su* assi/ance f individuals z w enable him to f9d a private lodg+4 ,footnote #hd3 ,mu* ( :at foll[s ^u social abuses1 tyranny ( ! local police1 prison discipl9e1 c41 ?\gh n quot$ 9 8 own words1 has be5 ga!r$ f conv]sations ) ,mr4 ,agassiz1 or f discussions betwe5 him & 8 ,brazilian fri5ds4 ,! way 9 :i* ?is volume has gr[n up1 be+ z x 7 ! result ( a d\ble exp]i5ce1 makes x occasionally difficult to draw ! exact l9e m>k+ ! b\nd>ies ( au?or%ip2 ! division be+ inde$ some:at vague 9 ! m9ds ( ! writ]s !mselves4 ,b s9ce criticisms ( ?is sort w\ld h little value1 except z bas$ ^u l>g] opportunities = obs]vation ?an fell to my %>e1 ,i am ! m anxi\s to ref] !m1 :]ev] ,i c1 to _! "r s\rce4 ,footnote #he3 ,let any "o :o d\bts ! evil ( ?is mixture ( races1 & is incl9$1 f a mi/ak5 philan?ropy1 to break d[n all b>ri]s betwe5 !m1 come to ,brazil4 ,he _c d5y ! det]ioration consequ5t ^u an amalgamation ( races1 m wide-spread "h ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w1 & :i* is rapidly effac+ ! be/ qualities ( ! :ite man1 ! negro1 & ! ,indian1 leav+ a mongrel nondescript type1 defici5t 9 physical & m5tal en]gy4 ,at a "t :5 ! new social /atus ( ! negro is a subject ( vital importance 9 our /atesman%ip1 we %\ld pr(it by ! exp]i5ce ( a c\ntry :]e1 ?\gh slav]y exi/s1 !re is f> m lib]ality t[>d ! free negro ?an he has ev] enjoy$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,let u le>n ! d\ble lesson3 op5 all ! advantages ( education to ! negro1 & give him e *ance ( success :i* culture gives to ! man :o kn[s h[ to use x2 b respect ! laws ( nature1 & let all our deal+s ) ! black man t5d to pres]ve1 z f> z possible1 ! di/9ctness ( 8 national *>act]i/ics1 & ! integrity ( our own4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #hf3 ,= "s rem>ks conc]n+ ! /ructural peculi>ities ( ! ,indians & ,negroes1 see ,app5dix ,no4 ,v4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,excursion ,,to ,,mauhes ,,& ,,its ,,neighborhood4 ,,leave ,,manaos4--,,on ,,bo>d ,,! 8,,ibicuhy40--,,navigation ,,( ,,! ,,riv] ,,ramos4--,,aspect ,,( ,,! ,,banks4--,,arrival ,,at ,,mauhes4--,,situation ,,( ,,mauhes4--,,tup9amb>anas4--,,"* ,,( ,,population4--,,appe>ance ,,( ,,! ,,villages ,,( ,,mauhes4--,,bolivian ,,indians4--,,gu>an4--,,excursion ,,to ,,mucaja-,,tuba4--,,mundurucu ,,indians4--,,aspect ,,( ,,village4--,,*ur*4--,,di/ribution ,,( ,,pres5ts4--,,g5]osity ,,( ,,! ,,indians4--,,_! ,,indiff]5ce4--,,visit ,,to ,,ano!r ,,settlem5t4--,,return ,,to ,,mauhes4--,,arrival ,,( ,,mundurucus ,,9 ,,! ,,village4--,,description ,,( ,,tattoo+4--,,collection4--,,boto4--,,in dian ,,sup]/itions4--,,palm ,,collection4--,,walk ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,leave ,,mauhes4--,,mundurucu ,,indian ,,& ,,8 ,,wife4--,,_! ,,mann]s ,,& ,,appe>ance4--,,indian ,,tradition4--,,di/9ctions ,,( ,,ca/e4 ,decemb] #ab?4--,we left ,manaos1 accord+ to our int5tion1 on ,sunday ev5+ 7! #aj?71 rais+ ! an*or ) milit>y exactness at five o'clock1 ! v mom5t appo9t$1 some:at to ! disappo9tm5t ( a boatful ( (ficials f ! ,national ,gu>d1 :o 7 j on _! way to pay _! p>t+ complim5ts to ! ,presid5t1 at ! h\r fix$ = 8 dep>ture4 ,9 ,brazil x may safely be assum$ t ?+s w always be a little beh9d "t2 on ?is occasion1 h[ev]1 our punctuality 0 absolute1 & ! (fic]s 7 =c$ to wave _! adieux z we proce$$ on our way1 leav+ _! canoe beh9d4 ,! h\r 0 ( good om51--a cool breeze1 ! "o bless+ = :i* ! travell] sighs 9 ^! latitudes1 bl[+ up ! ,amazons2 & z we left ! ,rio ,negro1 x lay beh9d u1 a gold5 pa?way to ! sett+ sun1 :i* 0 go+ d[n 9 a blaze ( glory4 ,we 7 receiv$ on bo>d ) all possible hospitality by ! comm&]1 ,capta9 ,f>ia4 ,he has made e arrangem5t = our com=t :i* a vessel ( w>1 n int5d$ = pass5g]s1 c af=d1 giv+ up 8 own qu>t]s = my accommodation4 ,on deck he has arrang$ a little recess1 %elt]$ by a t>paul9 f ! sun & ra91 to s]ve z a d9+-room1 t we may take our meals 9 ! fre% air in/ead ( d9+ 9 ! close cab9 bel[ decks int5d$ = ?is purpose4 ,! morn+ foll[+ our dep>ture 0 an int]e/+ "o1 because we f\nd ourselves at ! m\? ( ! ,ramos1 unkn[n to /eam navigation1 & ab\t :i* ! ,capta9 _h "s appreh5sions1 z he 0 by no means sure t he %\ld f9d wat] en\gh = 8 vessel4 ,x 01 !re=e1 necess>y to proce$ ) great caution1 s\nd+ at e /ep & s5d+ out boats 9 advance1 to asc]ta9 ! direction ( ! *annel4 ,once )9 ! riv]1 we _h dep? ( wat] en\gh to float mu* l>g] vessels4 ,! banks ( ?is /ream are beautiful4 ,! =e/ 0 gay ) color1 & ! air lad5 ) ! ri* p]fume ( fl[]s1 :i*1 :5 we came up ! ,amazons six mon?s ago1 7 n yet 9 bloom4 ,we 7 /ruck also ) ! great abundance & v>iety ( ! palms1 s mu* m num]\s on ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,amazons ?an on ! ,solimo5s4 ,! %ores 7 dott$ ) ?rifty-look+ plantations1 laid out ) a neatness & c>e :i* bespeak great] att5tion to agriculture ?an we h se5 else:]e4 ,heal?y-look+ cattle 7 graz+ ab\t _m ( ! sitios4 ,z ! puff ( our /eam 0 he>d1 ! inhabitants ran out to gaze 9 amazem5t at ! unwont$ visitant1 /&+ 9 gr\ps on ! %ores1 almo/ too mu* lo/ 9 wond] to return our greet+s4 ,! adv5t ( a /eam] 9 _! wat]s %\ld be to !m a welcome h>b+] ( ! "t1 p]haps n f> di/ant1 :51 in/ead ( _! pres5t t$i\s & unc]ta9 canoe j\rneys to ,s]pa or ,villa ,bella1 !y w be able to transport _! produce to ei!r ( ^! po9ts 9 a few h\rs1 9 small /eamboats1 connect+ all ^! settlem5ts1 & adapt$ to ! navigation4 ,any su* prophetic vision 01 h[ev]1 no d\bt v f> f _! ?\ghts2 if !y _h any idea z to ! object ( our com+1 x 0 probably a fe> le/ we %\ld be on a recruit+ exp$ition4 ,if s1 x is c]ta9ly a v innoc5t "o1 fi%es be+ ! only recruits we aim at entrapp+4 ,f ! ,ramos we turn$ into ! ,mauhes1 asc5d+ to ! t[n ( ! same "n1 :]e to-day we are enjoy+ ! hospitality ( ,mr4 ,mi*elis4 ,if any ( my read]s are z ignorant z ,i 0 myself be=e mak+ ?is voyage1 a bit ( geography may n be out ( place "h4 ,z ev]ybody kn[s1 ! riv] ,madeira1 t great afflu5t ( ! ,amazons1 all ^: *ildr5 are giants1 except :5 comp>$ ) _! royal fa!r1 ent]s ! ma9 /ream on its s\!rn side at a po9t ne>ly opposite ,s]pa4 ,b ?is is n its only connection ) ! ,amazons4 ,! riv] ,mauhes />t+ ab\t tw5ty-five leagues f its m\?1 runs f ! riv] ,madeira almo/ p>allel ) ! ,amazons until x jo9s ! riv] ,ramos1 :i* cont9ues its c\rse 9 ! same direction to a l[] po9t1 :]e x empties into ! ma9 /ream4 ,! di/rict ( l& ?us enclos$ betwe5 f\r riv]s1 hav+ ! ,madeira on ! we/1 ! ,amazons on ! nor?1 & ! ,ramos & ! ,mauhes on ! s\?1 is kn[n on ! map z ! isl& ( ,tup9amb>anas4 ,x is a network ( riv]s1 lakes1 & isl&s2 "o ( ^? wat]y labyr9?s :i* w\ld be 9 itself an ext5sive riv] sy/em 9 any o!r c\ntry1 b is "h absolutely lo/ 9 ! _w ( wat]s ( :i* x =ms a "p4 ,inde$1 ! va/ness ( ! ,amazons is n felt *iefly :5 foll[+ its ma9 c\rse1 b r on its less] tribut>ies1 :]e /reams to :i* a place on ! map is h>dly accord$ are f\nd to be 9 fact l>ge riv]s4 ,! region ( ,mauhes is comp>atively little kn[n1 because x is (f ! l9e ( /eam navigation2 b1 ?anks to ! ef=ts ( its mo/ prom95t citiz51 ,mr4 ,mi*elis1 :o has made 8 home !re = tw5ty-five ye>s1 & contribut$1 by 8 en]gy1 intellig5ce1 & honorable "*1 to raise ! tone ( ! :ole di/rict1 x is "o ( ! mo/ prosp]\s 9 ! prov9ce4 ,x is melan*oly to see h[ little is done 9 o!r di/ricts1 :5 an in/ance l ?is %[s :at "o man c d to improve ! =e/ population along ! banks ( ! ,amazons4 ,8 example & its successful results %\ld be an enc\ragem5t to all intellig5t settl]s on ! ,amazons4 ,! little village ( ,mauhes /&s on a sort ( t]race1 9 front ( :i*1 at ?is season :5 ! wat]s are /ill consid]ably bel[ high-wat] m>k1 runs a broad1 :ite bea*1 r5d]$ all ! pretti] at ! mom5t ( our arrival by a l>ge p>ty ( ,bolivian ,indians1 :o _h built _! camp-fires on its s&s4 ,we look$ at ^! p ) a k9d ( wond]1 ?9k+ ( ! p]il\s voyages !y con/antly make 9 _! heavily-lad5 canoes1 =c$ to unload _! c>go ov] & ov] aga9 z !y %oot ! cat>acts ( ! ,madeira on _! way d[n1 or drag _! boats we>ily up !m on _! return4 ,x seems /range1 :5 ?is riv] is ! highway ( comm]ce f ,bolivia1 ,matto-,grosso1 & ?r\gh ,matto-,grosso f ,p>aguay to ! ,amazons1 t ! sugge/ion made by ,major ,c\t9ho 9 8 int]e/+ acc\nt ( 8 j\rney on ! ,rio ,madeira1 has n be5 adopt$4 ,he says t a road c>ri$ along ! %ore ( ! riv] = a di/ance ( =ty leagues w\ld obviate all ! difficulty & dang] ( ?is ardu\s j\rney4 ,illu/ration3 ,mauhes ,riv]4 ,mauhes is n a clu/] ( h\ses1 b is built 9 l9e along a broad1 grass-gr[n /reet runn+ ! l5g? ( ! t]race =m$ by ! top ( ! riv]-bank4 ,9 an op5 space1 at "o end ( ?is village /reet1 /&s ! *ur*1 a small b neat-look+ build+1 ) a wood5 cross 9 front4 ,mo/ ( ! h\ses are l[ & /raw-?at*$1 b "h & !re a m sub/antial h\se1 ) til$ ro(1 l t ( ,mr4 ,mi*elis1 breaks ! ord9>y level ( ! build+s4 ,not)/&+ ! mode/ appe>ance ( ?is little t[n1 all :o "k some?+ ( its hi/ory speak ( x z "o ( ! mo/ promis+ ( ! ,amazonian settlem5ts1 & z hav+ a bett] moral tone ?an usually prevails4 ,"o ( its great /aples is ! ,gu>an4 ,?is %rub1 or r v9e1--= x is a trail+ plant some:at l our high-bu% blackb]ry1--is ab\t eight feet high :5 full gr[n1 & be>s a bean ! size ( a c(fee-bean1 two be+ enclos$ 9 ea* envelope4 ,?is bean1 aft] be+ roa/$1 is p\nd$ 9 a small quantity ( wat]1 until x becomes1 :5 ?or\ghly gr\nd1 a compact pa/e1 & :5 dry is ab\t ! color ( *ocolate1 ?\gh mu* h>d]4 ,9 ?is /ate x is grat$1 7! grat] be+ always ! r\gh tongue ( ! ,pir>ucu17 & :5 mix$ ) sug> & wat] x makes a v pleasant1 refre%+ dr9k4 ,x is said to h m$ic9al prop]ties also1 & is adm9i/]$ ) excell5t effect 9 cases ( di>rha4 ,9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,brazil x is v ext5sively us$ z well z 9 ,bolivia1 & w1 no d\bt1 h a wid] di/ribution :5 its value is m g5]ally kn[n4 ,! ,indians display no little fancy 9 ! manufacture ( ?is article1 m\ld+ ! pa/e into ! %ape ( m\nt$ soldi]s1 horses1 birds1 s]p5ts1 c4 ,?is morn+ ,i 0 attract$ by voices 9 ! /reet1 & go+ to ! w9d[ ,i saw ! door ( ! h\se :]e ! ,presid5t is lodg$ besieg$ by a cr[d ( ,bolivian ,indians4 ,!y _h br\ght "s ( _! robes to sell1 & x 0 n long be=e sev]al ( our p>ty1 among :om 7 ready pur*as]s1 made _! appe>ance 9 ,bolivian co/ume4 ,?is dress is inv>iable2 always ! long robe1 compos$ ( two pieces1 "o hang+ be=e1 ! o!r beh9d1 belt$ ar\nd ! wai/ & fa/5$ on ! %\ld]s1 ) an op5+ = ! head to pass ?r\gh4 ,su* a robe1 ) a broad-brimm$1 co>se /raw hat1 con/itutes ! :ole dress ( ^! p4 ,_! ord9>y work+ g>b is made ( b>k2 _! bett] robe1 = m fe/ive occasions1 consi/s ( a twill$ cotton ( _! own manufacture1 exce$+ly s(t & f9e1 b v close & /rong4 ,^! dresses may be m or less ornam5t$1 b are always ( ! same %ape4 ,! ,bolivian ,indians seem to be m indu/ri\s ?an ^? ( ! ,amazons1 or else !y are "u m rigor\s discipl9e4 ,decemb] #ad?4--,at ! settlem5t ( ,mucaja-,tuba4 ,mucaja signifies a p>ticul> k9d ( palm1 v abundant "h2 ,tuba means a place4 ,?us we are among ! woods ( ,acrocomia4 ,ye/]day we 7 to h left ,mauhes ) ! dawn on an excursion to ?is place1 b at ! appo9t$ h\r a flood ( ra91 su* z is se5 only 9 ^! latitudes1 0 p\r+ d[n 9 torr5ts1 accompani$ by ?und] & lightn+4 ,! delay occasion$ by ?is int]ruption1 h[ev]1 prov$ a good =tune 9 ! end4 ,by elev5 o'clock ! /orm 0 ov]1 b ! sky cont9u$ ov]ca/ dur+ ! re/ ( ! day4 ,our way lay up ! riv] ,mauhes1 pa/ ! m\?s ( nameless /reams & lakes1--broad %eets ( wat]1 p]fectly unkn[n out ( _! imm$iate neighborhood4 ,night br\ght u to our de/9ation1 & at ab\t eight o'clock we an*or$ be=e ?is little village4 ,z we approa*$ x a light or two 0 se5 glimm]+ on ! %ore1 & we c\ld n help aga9 wond]+ :at 0 ! feel+ ( ! p :o saw & he>d = ! fir/ "t "o ( ^! puff+ /eam mon/]s4 ,?is morn+1 ) a boat-load ( goods ( all sorts1 int5d$ by ! ,presid5t z pres5ts = ! ,indians1 we put (f = ! %ore4 ,l&+ on ! bea* we w5t at once to ! h\se ( ! *ief1 a mo/ respectable look+ old man1 :o /ood at ! door to receive u4 ,he 0 an old acqua9tance ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 hav+ =m]ly accompani$ him on 8 exploration ( ! ,rio ,madeira4 ,! inhabitants ( ?is village are ,mundurucu ,indians1 "o ( ! mo/ intellig5t & k9dly dispos$ ( ! ,amazonian tribes4 ,al?\gh !y are too civiliz$ to be consid]$ z illu/rat+ 9 any way ! wild life ( ! primitive ,indians1 yet1 z x is ! fir/ "t we h se5 "o ( _! isolat$ settlem5ts1 remov$ f e civiliz+ influ5ce except ! occasional contact ( ! :ite man1 ! visit 0 especially int]e/+ to u4 ,x is a/oni%+ to see ! size & solidity ( _! h\ses1 ) nev] a nail driv51 ! frame consi/+ ( r\gh trunks b\nd toge!r by )es made ( long1 ela/ic sipos1 ! cordage ( ! =e/4 ,major ,c\t9ho tells u t !y "k v well ! use ( nails 9 build+1 & say to "o ano!r d]isively1 :5 !y want ano!r sipo1 8,h& me a nail40 ,! ridge-pole ( ?is *ief's h\se c\ld n h be5 less ?an tw5ty-five to ?irty-eight feet high1 & ! room 0 spaci\s 9 proportion4 ,hammocks 7 hung 9 ! corn]s1 "o ( :i* 0 p>tition$ (f by a l[ wall ( palm-?at*2 b[s & arr[s1 guns & o>s1 hung on ! walls or 7 lean+ aga9/ !m1 & adjo9+ ?is c5tral ap>tm5t 0 ! m&ioca kit*54 ,!re 7 a numb] ( doors & w9d[s 9 ! room1 clos$ by l>ge palm-mats4 ,! h\se ( ! *ief /ood at ! head ( a l9e ( h\ses diff]+ f 8 only 9 be+ some:at small]2 !y made "o side ( an op5 squ>e1 on ! opposite side ( :i* 0 a correspond+ r[ ( build+s4 ,) a few exceptions ^! h\ses 7 empty1 = ! population ga!r only ?ree or f\r times 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 at c]ta9 fe/ival seasons4 ,g5]ally !y are scatt]$ ab\t 9 _! diff]5t sitios1 att5d+ to _! plantations4 ,b at ^! ftes !y assemble to ! numb] ( sev]al hundr$1 all ! dwell+s are cr[d$ ) families1 & ! squ>e 9 ! c5tre is cle>$ ( grass1 swept & g>ni%$ = _! ev5+ dances4 ,su* fe/ivities la/ = t5 days or a =tnight2 !n !y all disp]se to _! work+ life aga94 ,at ?is "t !re are n m ?an ?irty or =ty p]sons 9 ! village4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ object we saw 0 _! *ur*1 :i* /&s at ! head ( ! squ>e1 & 0 built entirely by ! ,indians !mselves4 ,x is q a l>ge /ructure1 capable ( hold+ an assembly ( five or six hundr$ p]sons4 ,! walls are ( mud1 v neatly f9i%$ inside1 & pa9t$ 9 colors made by ! ,indians f ! b>k1 roots1 & fruits ( c]ta9 trees1 & also f a p>ticul> k9d ( clay4 ,! front "p ( ! *ur* is :olly unfurni%$1 except = ! r\gh wood5 font /&+ j )9 ! door4 ,b ! f>!r end is p>tition$ (f to make a neat *ancel1 )9 :i* sev]al /eps lead up to ! alt> & ni*e above1 :]e is plac$ ! rude image ( ! ,"m & ! ,*ild4 ,( c\rse ! ar*itecture & ! ornam5ts are ( ! co>se/ description2 ! pa9t+ consi/s only ( /ripes or l9es ( blue1 r$1 & yell[1 ) "h & !re an attempt at a /> or a diamond1 or a r[ ( scallop+2 b !re is some?+ t\*+ 9 ! idea t ^! poor1 un$ucat$ p ( ! =e/ h c>$ to build !mselves a temple ) _! own h&s1 lavi%+ ^u x su* ideas ( beauty & ta/e z !y h1 & br++ at lea/ _! be/ to _! humble alt>4 ,none ( our city *ur*es1 on :i* millions h be5 exp5d$1 h p[] to move "o l ?is *ur*1 ! lov+ "w ( ! wor%ipp]s !mselves1 ) its mud walls s co>sely pa9t$1 its wood5 cross be=e ! door1 & little ?at*$ belfry at "o side4 ,x is sad t ^! p1 ) s mu* religi\s s5sibility1 are n provid$ ) any regul> s]vice4 ,at long int]vals a prie/1 on 8 r\nd ( visitations1 makes 8 way to !m1 b1 except on su* r>e occasions1 !y h no "o to adm9i/] ! rites ( burial or baptism1 or to give religi\s in/ruction to !m or to _! *ildr54 ,& yet _! *ur* 0 faultlessly clean1 ! mud floor 0 /rewn ) fre% gre5 leaves1 & ev]y?+ ab\t ! build+ %[$ x to be ! object ( solicitude & c>e4 ,_! h\ses 7 v neat1 & !y !mselves 7 dec5tly dress$ 9 ! inv>iable co/ume ( ! civiliz$ ,indian1--! m5 9 tr\s]s & :ite cotton %irts1 ! wom5 9 calico petticoats1 ) %ort1 loose *emises1 ei!r ( cotton or calico1 & _! long1 ?ick black hair drawn up & fa/5$ on ! top ( _! head by a semicircul> comb1 br\ght s f> =w>d t ! edge is ab\t on a l9e ) ! =ehead4 ,a bun* ( fl[]s is g5]ally /uck "u ! comb on "o side4 ,i h nev] se5 an ,indian woman :o did n we> "o ( ^! r\nd combs2 al?\gh ( =eign manufacture1 !y f9d _! way to ! mo/ isolat$ =e/ settlem5ts1 br\ght1 ,i suppose1 by ! travell+ p$l]s1 8regata40 ,^! g5try are kn[n ev]y:]e on ! banks ( ! ,amazons & its tribut>ies1 & are said to be mo/ unpr9cipl$ 9 _! deal+s ) ! ,indians1 :o fall readily into ! traps set = !m by ! wily trad]s4 ,9 "o ( ! reports ( ,dr4 ,adolfo1 :o1 dur+ 8 %ort b able adm9i/ration1 expos$1 & z f> z x 0 9 8 p[] re=m$1 abuses 9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,amazonas1 he says1 aft] speak+ ( ! great ne$ ( religi\s in/ruction 9 ! m remote settlem5ts3 8,to-day :o goes to seek ! ,indian 9 ! dep? ( 8 virg9 =e/s along ! %ores ( ^! endless riv]s8 ,no "o1 if x be n ! #8regata1' less b>b>\s c]ta9ly ?an he1 b mu* m corrupt2 :o spies ^u him1 depraves & di%onors him1 "u ! pretext ( trad+40 ,aft] our visit to ! *ur*1 ! :ole population1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 accompani$ u d[n to ! bea* to receive _! pres5ts1 di/ribut$ by ! ,presid5t 9 p]son3 common jewelry1 :i* !y appreciate highly1 calico dresses1 beads1 scissors1 ne$les1 & look+-glasses = ! wom52 knives1 fi%-hooks1 hat*ets1 & o!r work+ tools = ! m52 & a v>iety ( little tr9kets & play?+s = ! *ildr54 ,b ?\gh a cordial1 k9dly p1 !y h ! impassiv5ess ( ! g5u9e ,indian4 ,i did n see a *ange ( expression on any face or he> a ^w ( ackn[l$gm5t or pleasure4 ,! only smile 0 :51 be+ tir$ ) /&+ 9 ! sun1 ,i sat d[n among ! wom51 &1 z ! ?+s 7 pass$ rapidly ar\nd ! circle1 ,i 0 tak5 = "o ( !m1 & receiv$ a v gay g[n = my %>e4 ,?is caus$ a g5]al %\t ( laught]1 & seem$ to delight !m greatly4 ,we return$ to ! /eam] to breakfa/ at t5 o'clock1 & 9 ! aft]noon ! :ole village came out to satisfy _! curiosity ab\t ! vessel4 ,!y are a g5]\s p4 ,i nev] g among !m )\t receiv+ "s little pres5t1 :i* x w\ld be an insult to refuse4 ,su* z !y h !y (f] to ! /rang]2 x may be a fruit1 or a few eggs1 or a *ick51 a cuia1 a basket or a bun* ( fl[]s1 b _! feel+s w\ld be w\nd$ 7 y to g away empty-h&$4 ,on ?is occasion ! daught] ( ! *ief br\ght me a f9e fat f[l1 ano!r woman gave me a basket1 & ano!r a fruit :i* resembles v mu* our w9t] squa%1 & is us$ 9 ! same way4 ,i 0 glad to h ) me "s l>ge beads & a few little pictures ( sa9ts ) :i* to ackn[l$ge _! gifts4 ,b ,i believe !y d n ?9k ( any return2 x is simply a rite ( hospitality ) !m to make _! gue/ a pres5t4 ,!y w5t ov] ! vessel1 he>d ! cannon fir$ (f1 &1 z ! capta9 took !m on a little excursion1 !y saw ! ma*9e & ! :eels 9 action2 b !y look$ at all ) ! same calm1 quiet air ( acceptance1 above1 or p]haps "o %\ld r say bel[1 any emotion ( surprise4 ,= is n ! read9ess to receive new impressions1 to be surpris$1 delight$1 mov$1 "o ( ! great gifts ( ! :ite race1 z diff]5t f ! impassiv5ess ( ! ,indian z _! v>y+ complexion f ! d>k sk91 :i* kn[s nei!r blu% nor pallor8 ,we c\ld h b little conv]sation ) ^! p1 =1 ) ! exception ( ! *ief & "o or two m5 :o act$ z int]pret]s1 !y spoke only ! 8l+ua g]al10 & did n und]/& ,portuguese4 ,decemb] #ae?4--,aft] ! ,indians _h left u ye/]day1 we proce$$ on our way to ano!r settlem5t1 :]e we expect$ to f9d a consid]able village4 ,we arriv$ aft] d>k1 & "s ( ! p>ty w5t on %ore2 b !y f\nd only a grass-gr[n pa? & des]t$ h\ses4 ,! :ole population 0 9 ! =e/4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 two or ?ree canoesful ( p h come (f to ! /eam] to greet ! ,presid5t & receive _! pres5ts4 ,among !m 0 an old woman :o mu/ h come orig9ally f "s m primitive settlem5t4 ,! l[] "p ( h] face 0 tattoo$ 9 a blui%-black t9t1 cov]+ ! m\? & l[] "p ( ! *eeks to ! base ( ! e>s4 ,bel[ ?is ! *9 0 tattoo$ 9 a k9d ( network1 no d\bt consid]$ v graceful & becom+ 9 h] day & g5]ation4 ,a black l9e 0 drawn across ! nose1 & f ! out] corn] ( ! eyes to ! e>s1 giv+ ! effect ( a pair ( spectacles4 ,! upp] "p ( ! brea/ 0 tattoo$ 9 an op5-"w1 head$ by two /raight l9es drawn ar\nd ! %\ld]s z if to repres5t a co>se lace f9i%1 su* z "o con/antly sees ar\nd ! necks ( _! *emises4 ,!y left u at breakfa/1 & we are n[ on our way back to ,mauhes1 aft] a mo/ int]e/+ excursion4 ,illu/ration3 ,mundurucu ,indian 7,male74#hg ,decemb] #af?4--,mauhes4 ,we arriv$ "h ye/]day at midday1 &1 z x happ5$1 we f\nd 9 ! village an ,indian & 8 wife1 :o1 z specim5s ( ! g5u9e ,mundurucus1 7 m int]e/+ ?an ^? we _h visit$4 ,!y came on trad+ bus9ess f a di/ant settlem5t "s tw5ty days' j\rney f ,mauhes4 ,! man's :ole face is tattoo$ 9 blui% black1 ?is s+ul> mask be+ f9i%$ on ! edge by a f9e1 op5 patt]n1 ab\t half an in* broad1 runn+ ar\nd ! jaws & *94 ,8 e>s are pi]c$ ) v l>ge holes1 f :i*1 :5 8 co/ume is complete1 pieces ( wood are susp5d$1 & 8 :ole body is cov]$ ) a neat & intricate network ( tattoo+4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 be+ 9 civiliz$ regions1 he is dress$ 9 tr\s]s & %irt4 ,9 ! woman ! mask ( tattoo+ cov]s only ! l[e/ "p ( ! face1 ! upp] "p be+ free1 ) ! exception ( ! l9e across ! nose & eyes4 ,h] *9 & neck are also ornam5t$ l t ( ! old woman we saw ye/]day4 ,!y speak no ,portuguese1 & seem r reluctant to answ] ! que/ions ( ! int]pret]4 ,illu/ration3 ,mundurucu ,indian 7,female74 ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 v =tunate 9 collect+ 9 ?is region4 ,al?\gh we are at s %ort a di/ance f ,manaos1 :]e he already kn[s ! fi%es tol]ably well1 he f9ds a surpris+ numb] ( new g5]a & species ab\t ,mauhes & its neighborhood4 ,z usual1 :]ev] we g1 ev]ybody turns naturali/ 9 8 behalf4 ,our k9d fri5d1 ! ,presid5t1 always ready to d ev]y?+ 9 8 p[] to facilitate 8 rese>*es1 has sev]al boats out1 mann$ by ! be/ fi%]m5 ( ! place1 fi%+ = him4 ,! comm&]1 :ile 8 %ip lies at an*or1 has 8 m5 employ$ 9 ! same way2 & ,mr4 ,mi*elis & 8 fri5ds are also indefatigable4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 successes1 he has to be> disappo9tm5ts1 aris+ f ! ignorance & sup]/ition ( ! work+ p4 ,ev] s9ce he came to ! ,amazons he has be5 try+ to obta9 a specim5 ( a peculi> k9d ( porpoise1 native to ^! wat]s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v difficult to obta91 because1 be+ useless = food1 !re is no?+ to induce ! ,indian to ov]come ! difficulty ( cat*+ x4 ,mr4 ,mi*elis has1 h[ev]1 impress$ ^u ! fi%]m5 ! value ( ! prize1 &1 ye/]day ev5+1 j z we 7 ris+ f ! d9n]-table1 x 0 ann\nc$ t "o 0 actually on its way up f ! bea*4 ,foll[$ by ! :ole p>ty ( sympa?iz+ fri5ds1--= all _h caught ! infection1--,mr4 ,agassiz ha/5$ out to behold 8 long-desir$ treasure2 & !re 0 8 ,boto1 b sadly mutilat$1 = "o ,indian _h cut (f a piece ( ! f9 z a cure = a sick p]son1 ano!r _h tak5 out an eye z a love-*>m1 :i*1 if x c\ld be plac$ ne> ! p]son ( ! girl he lov$1 w\ld w9 him h] favor1 & s on4 ,injur$ z x 01 ,mr4 ,agassiz 01 nev]!less1 v glad to h ! specim52 b he lock$ x up c>efully = ! night1 n kn[+ :at o!r titbits might be covet$ by ! sup]/iti\s inhabitants4 ,decemb] #ah?4--,9 ! mid/ ( ! zological "w1 ! collection ( palms1 :i* is n[ becom+ v consid]able1 is n =gott54 ,?is morn+ we w5t into ! =e/ = ! purpose ( ga!r+ "y palms to comp>e ) ! full-gr[n ones1 already cut d[n & put up = transportation4 ,9 ^! woods a ?\s& objects attract ! eye1 beside t :i* y especially seek4 ,h[ _m times we /opp$ to wond] at "s l(ty tree :i* 0 a _w ( v>i\s vegetation 9 itself1 p>asites e/abli%$ 9 all its nooks & corn]s1 sipos hang+ f its bran*es or tw9+ !mselves s close aga9/ ! b>k t !y (t5 seem z if sculptur$ on its trunk2 or paus$ to li/5 to ! quick ru/le ( ! w9d 9 palm-leaves fifty feet above our heads1 n at all l ! sl[1 ga!r+ ru% ( ! w9d 9 p9e-trees at home1 b l rapidly runn+ wat]4 ,?r\gh ! n>r[ pa? an imm5se butt]fly1 ( t vivid blue :i* excites our wond] 9 collections ( ,brazilian insects1 came sail+ t[>ds u4 ,he alight$ 9 our imm$iate neighborhood1 fold+ all 8 azure glories out ( sight1 & look+1 :5 /ill1 l a great br[n mo?1 spott$ ) :ite4 ,we crept s(tly ne>]1 b ! fir/ leaf trodd5 "u foot w>n$ him1 & he 0 (f aga91 dazzl+ u ) ! beauty ( 8 wond]ful color+ z he op5$ 8 w+s &1 bidd+ u a gay good-by1 vani%$ among ! trees4 ,! sail+ motion ( ^! ,morphos1 ?\gh rapid1 contra/s /rik+ly ) ! m flutt]+ flight ( ! ,heliconians4 ,! =m] give broad1 /rong /rokes ) _! wide w+s1 ! latt] beat ! air ) quick1 impati5t1 tremul\s movem5ts4 ,decemb] #bj?4--,?is morn+ we left ,mauhes1 accompani$ by our ,mundurucu ,indian & 8 wife4 ,! ,presid5t takes !m to ,manaos1 9 ! hope ( obta9+ _! portraits to enl>ge ,mr4 ,agassiz's collection4 ,i am int]e/$ 9 wat*+ ! deportm5t ( ^! p1 :i* is m>k$ by a /rik+ propriety t w9s respect4 ,!y h rema9$ 9 ! seat :]e ! ,capta9 has plac$ !m1 n mov+1 except to br+ _! little baggage1 f :i* ! woman has tak5 out h] "w & is n[ busy 9 sew+1 :ile h] husb& makes cig>ette envelopes f a b>k us$ by ! ,indians = ?is purpose2--c]ta9ly v civiliz$ occupations = savages4 ,z !y speak no ,portuguese1 we c only communicate ) !m ?r\gh ! int]pret] or ?r\gh ,mr4 ,c\t9ho1 :o has consid]able famili>ity ) ! 8l+ua g]al40 ,!y seem m responsive1 m ready to ent] into conv]sation n[ ?an :5 we fir/ saw !m2 b ! woman1 :5 address$1 or :5 any?+ is (f]$ to h]1 inv>iably turns to h] husb&1 z if ! decision ( ev]y?+ re/$ ) him4 ,x might be ?\ght t ! fanta/ic ornam5ts ( ^! ,indians w\ld effectually disguise all pret5ce to beauty2 b x is n s ) ?is pair4 ,_! features are f9e1 ! build ( ! face solid & squ>e1 b n clumsy1 & !re is a passive dignity 9 _! be>+ :i* makes itself felt1 spite ( _! tattoo+4 ,i h nev] se5 any?+ l ! calm 9 ! man's face2 x is n ! /olidity ( dulness1 = 8 expression is sagaci\s & obs]vant1 b a look ( su* abid+ tranquillity t y _c imag9e t x ev] has be5 or ev] w be diff]5t4 ,! woman's face is m mobile2 occasionally a smile lights x up1 & h] expression is sweet & g5tle4 ,ev5 h] pa9t$ spectacles d n de/roy ! s(t1 droop+ look 9 ! eyes1 v common among ! ,indian wom5 "h1 &1 z x w\ld seem1 *>act]i/ic ( ! wom5 9 ! ,s\? ,am]ican tribes2 = ,humboldt speaks ( x 9 ^? ( ! ,spani% prov9ces to ! nor?4 ,major ,c\t9ho tells u t ! tattoo+ has no?+ to d ) individual ta/e1 b t ! patt]n is appo9t$ = bo? sexes1 & is inv>iable ?r\gh\t ! tribe4 ,x is connect$ ) _! ca/e1 ! limits ( :i* are v precise1 & ) _! religion4 ,! tradition runs ?us1 *ildi% & inconsequ5t1 l all su* primitive fables4 ,! fir/ man1 ,c>o ,sacaibu1 0 also div9e4 ,associat$ ) him 0 8 son1 & an inf]ior be+ nam$ ,rairu1 to :om1 al?\gh he 0 z x 7 8 prime m9i/] & execut$ 8 comm&s1 ,c>o ,sacaibu 0 inimical4 ,among o!r /ratagems he us$ to get rid ( him 0 ! foll[+4 ,he made a figure 9 imitation ( a tatu 7armadillo71 & buri$ x p>tly 9 ! e>?1 leav+ only ! tail expos$4 ,he cov]$ ! tail ) a k9d ( oil1 :i* :5 t\*$ adh]es to ! sk94 ,he !n comm&$ ,rairu to drag ! half-buri$ tatu out ( its hole & br+ x to him4 ,rairu seiz$ x by ! tail1 b 0 ( c\rse unable to )draw 8 h&1 & ! tatu1 sudd5ly end[$ ) life by ! ,supreme ,be+1 div$ into ! e>?1 dragg+ ,rairu ) him4 ,! /ory does n say h[ ,rairu f\nd 8 way out ( ! e>? aga91 b1 be+ a _s ( great cunn+ & inv5tion1 he contriv$ to rea* ! upp] air once m4 ,on 8 return1 he in=m$ ,c>o ,sacaibu t he _h f\nd 9 ! e>? a great _m m5 & wom51 & t x w\ld be an excell5t ?+ to get !m out to till ! soil & make !mselves useful above gr\nd4 ,?is advice seems to h f\nd favor 9 ! sight ( ,c>o ,sacaibu1 :o =?) plant$ a se$ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,f ?is se$ sprang a cotton-tree1 = into ?is fanta/ic tale is ?us wov5 ! orig9 ( cotton4 ,! tree ?rove & grew apace1 & f ! s(t :ite cont5ts ( its pods ,c>o ,sacaibu made a long ?read1 ) "o end ( :i* ,rairu desc5d$ once m into ! e>? by ! same hole ?r\gh :i* he _h ent]$ be=e4 ,he collect$ ! p toge!r1 & !y 7 dragg$ up ?r\gh ! hole by means ( ! ?read4 ,! fir/ :o came out 7 small & ugly1 b gradually !y improv$ 9 _! p]sonal appe>ance1 until at la/ ! m5 began to be f9ely =m$ & h&some1 & ! wom5 beautiful4 ,un=tunately1 by ?is "t ! ?read 0 mu* worn1 & be+ too weak to hold !m1 ! great] numb] ( h&some p fell back into ! hole & 7 lo/4 ,x is = ?is reason t beauty is s r>e a gift 9 ! _w4 ,c>o ,sacaibu n[ sep>at$ ! population he _h ?us drawn f ! b[els ( ! e>?1 divid+ !m into diff]5t tribes1 m>k+ !m ) di/9ct colors & patt]ns1 :i* !y h s9ce reta9$1 & appo9t+ _! v>i\s occupations4 ,at ! end !re rema9$ ov] a residue1 consi/+ ( ! uglie/1 smalle/1 mo/ insignificant repres5tatives ( ! human race2 to ^! he said1 draw+ at ! same "t a r$ l9e ov] _! noses1 8,y are n wor?y to be m5 & wom51--g & be animals40 ,& s !y 7 *ang$ into birds1 & ev] s9ce1 ! ,mutums1 ) _! r$ beaks & melan*oly wail+ voices1 w&] ?r\gh ! woods4 ,! tattoo+ ( ! ,mundurucus is n only connect$ ) ?is dim idea ( a primitive creative comm&2 x is also indicative ( ari/ocracy4 ,a man :o neglect$ ?is di/9ction w\ld n be respect$ 9 8 tribe2 & s /rong is ?is traditional association1 t1 ev5 9 civiliz$ settlem5ts :]e tattoo+ is no long] practis$1 an in/9ctive respect is felt = ?is m>k ( nobility4 ,a ,mundurucu ,indian1 tattoo$ aft] ! anci5t fa%ion ( 8 tribe1 arriv+ 9 a civiliz$ village1 su* z ! "o we visit$1 is receiv$ ) ! honor due to a p]son ( rank4 8,il faut s\ffrir p\r tre beau10 0 nev] tru] ?an among ^! savages4 ,x requires n less ?an t5 ye>s to complete ! tattoo+ ( ! :ole face & body2 ! op]ation be+ p]=m$1 h[ev]1 only at int]vals4 ,! color is introduc$ by f9e punctur+s ov] ! :ole surface2 a process :i* is (t5 pa9ful1 & causes swell+ & inflammation1 especially on su* s5sitive p>ts z ! eyelids4 ,! purity ( type among ! ,mundurucus is protect$ by /r+5t laws aga9/ close int]m>riages4 ,! tribe is divid$ into c]ta9 ord]s or classes1 m or less closely alli$2 & s f> d !y c>ry _! respect = t law1 :i*1 ?\gh recogniz$ 9 ! civiliz$ _w1 is s con/antly s9n$ aga9/1 t m>riage is =bidd51 n only betwe5 memb]s ( ! same family1 b betwe5 ^? ( ! same ord]4 ,a ,mundurucu ,indian treats a woman ( ! same ord] ) himself z a si/]2 any ne>] relation betwe5 !m is impossible4 ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o has made a v c>eful /udy ( ! mann]s & habits ( ^! p1 assures u t !re is no law m sacr$ among !m1 or m rigidly obs]v$1 ?an ?is "o4 ,_! f9e physique1 = :i* !y are said to be rem>kable1 is p]haps ow+ to ?is4 ,!y are free f "o great s\rce ( deg5]ation ( type4 ,x is to be hop$ t ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o1 :ile mak+ 8 explorations z an eng9e] on ! ,amazonian riv]s1 has also made a c>eful /udy ( ! tribes liv+ along _! m>g9s1 w "o day publi% ! result ( 8 inve/igations4 ,x is to him we owe ! great] "p ( ! in=mation we h collect$ on ?is subject4 ----- ,footnote #hg3 ,i did n succe$ 9 gett+ good lik5esses ( ?is ,mundurucu pair4 ,! above wood-cuts d no ju/ice to _! features & expression1 ?\gh !y give a fai?ful record ( ! peculi> mode ( tattoo+4--,l4 ,a4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,return ,,to ,,manaos4--,,excursion ,,on ,,! ,,rio ,,negro4--,,leave ,,manaos4 ,,*ri/mas ,,eve ,,at ,,manaos4--,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,indians4--,,*ur*es ,,on ,,! ,,amazons4--,,leave ,,manaos ,,= ,,! ,,rio ,,negro4--,,curi\s ,,riv] ,,=mation4--,,aspect ,,( ,,! ,,riv]4--,,its ,,vegetation4--,,scanty ,,population4--,,village ,,( ,,taua ,p,,assu4--,,padre ,,( ,,! ,,village4--,,palms4--,,village ,,( ,,p$reira4--,,indian ,,camp4--,,mak+ ,,palm-,,?at*4--,,sickness ,,& ,,want ,,at ,,p$reira4--,,r[ ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/4--,,tropical ,,%[]4--,,geology ,,( ,,p$reira4--,,indian ,,recruits4--,,collection ,,( ,,palms4--,,extracts ,,f ,,mr4 ,,agassiz',s ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,vegetation ,,( ,,! ,,amazons ,,& ,,! ,,rio ,,negro4--,,return ,,to ,,manaos4--,,desolation ,,( ,,! ,,rio ,,negro4--,,its ,,future ,,prospects4--,,humboldt',s ,,anticipations4--,,wild ,,fl[]s4--,,di/ribution ,,( ,,fi%es ,,9 ,,! ,,amazonian ,,wat]s4--,,h[ ,,f> ,,due ,,to ,,migration4--,,hydrographic ,,sy/em4--,,alt]nation ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,rise ,,& ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,& ,,nor!rn ,,tribut>ies4 ,decemb] #be?4--,manaos4 ,! ,indians h a pretty obs]vance "h = ,*ri/mas eve4 ,at nightfall1 f ! settlem5ts at ,hyanu>y1 two illum9at$ canoes come across ! riv] to ,manaos2 "o be>+ ! figure ( ,our ,lady1 ! o!r ( ,sa9t ,rosalia4 ,!y look v brilliant z !y come t[>ds ! %ore1 all ! light conc5trat$ ab\t ! figures c>ri$ erect 9 ! pr[s4 ,on l&+1 ! ,indians1 _m ( :om h come to ! city 9 advance1 =m a procession1--! wom5 dress$ 9 :ite1 & ) fl[]s 9 _! hair1 ! m5 c>ry+ tor*es or c&les2 & !y foll[ ! sacr$ images1 :i* are borne "u a canopy 9 front ( ! procession1 to ! *ur*1 :]e !y are deposit$1 & rema9 dur+ ,*ri/mas week4 ,we ent]$ ) !m1 & saw ! kneel+1 dusky congregation1 & ! two sa9ts1--"o a wood51 co>sely pa9t$ image ( ! ,virg91 ! o!r a gayly dress$ doll1--plac$ on a small alt>1 :]e 0 also a figure ( ! infant ,jesus1 surr\nd$ by fl[]s4 ,at a lat] h\r ! midnight mass 0 celebrat$2 less int]e/+ to me ?an ! e>li] c]emony1 because n s exclusively a s]vice ( ! ,indians1 ?\gh !y =m$ a l>ge "p ( ! congregation2 & ! music1 z usual1 0 p]=m$ by ! b& ( ,indian boys f ! ,casa dos ,educ&os4 ,b !re is no?+ "h to make ! ,ca?olic s]vice impressive2 ! *ur*es on ! ,amazons g5]ally are ( ! mo/ ord9>y k9d1 & 9 a ru9\s condition4 ,!re is a l>ge unf9i%$ /one *ur* 9 ,manaos1 /&+ on ! hill1 & occupy+ a comm&+ position1 :i* w make x a conspicu\s object if x is ev] complet$2 b x has /ood 9 its pres5t /ate = ye>s1 & seems likely to rema9 s = an indef9ite l5g? ( "t4 ,x is a pity !y h n ! cu/om "h ( dress+ _! *ur*es ) gre5 at ,*ri/mas1 because !y h s s+ul>ly beautiful & appropriate a tree = x 9 ! palms4 ,! ,pupunha palm1 = in/ance1 s ar*itectural 9 its symmetry1 ) its column>-l /em & its d>k-gre5 vault ( droop+ leaves1 w\ld be admirable = ?is purpose4 ,to-morr[ we leave ,manaos 9 ! 8,ibicuhy10 9 ord] to asc5d ! ,rio ,negro z f> z ,p$reira1 :]e ! fir/ granitic =mation is said to occur4 ,decemb] #bg?4--,on bo>d ! 8,ibicuhy40 ,!re 0 little incid5t to m>k our day ye/]day1 & yet x 0 "o full ( enjoym5t4 ,! day itself 0 su* z r>ely occurs 9 ^! regions2 inde$1 ,i %\ld say x is ! only "t1 dur+ ! :ole six mon?s we h pass$ on ! ,amazons1 :5 we h _h cool wea!r ) a cle> sky4 ,cool wea!r "h is usually ! result ( ra94 ,z soon z ! sun %[s 8 face ! heat is great4 ,b ye/]day a /rong w9d 0 bl[+ d[n ! ,rio ,negro2 & its usually black1 /ill wat]s 7 fre%5$ to blue1 & _! surface brok5 by :ite caps4 ,x is a curi\s fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is riv]1 t1 :ile tribut>y to ! ,amazons1 x also receives bran*es f x4 ,a little above its junction ) ! ,solimo5s1 ! latt] s5ds sev]al small afflu5ts into ! ,rio ,negro1 ! entrance to :i* we pass$ ye/]day4 ,! contra/ betwe5 _! milky-:ite wat]s & ! cle>1 d>k1 amb] t9t ( ! ma9 riv] makes !m v conspicu\s4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is n a solit>y in/ance ( riv] =mation 9 ?is gigantic fre%-wat] sy/em2 = ,humboldt says1 speak+ ( ! d\ble communication betwe5 ! ,cassiqui>e & ! ,rio ,negro1 & ! great numb] ( bran*es by :i* ! ,rio ,branco & ! ,rio ,hyapura ent] into ! ,rio ,negro & ! ,amazons3 8,at ! conflu5ce ( ! ,hyapura !re is a mu* m extraord9>y ph5om5on4 ,be=e ?is riv] jo9s ! ,amazons1 ! latt]1 :i* is ! pr9cipal recipi5t1 s5ds (f ?ree bran*es1 call$ ,u>anapu1 ,manhama1 & ,avatep>ana1 to ! ,hyapura1 :i* is b a tribut>y /ream4 ,! ,portuguese a/ronom]1 ,ribeiro1 has prov$ ?is important fact4 ,! ,amazons gives wat]s to ! ,hyapura itself be=e x receives t tribut>y /ream40 ,s does x also to ! ,rio ,negro4 ,! physiognomy ( ! ,rio ,negro is peculi>1 & v diff]5t f t ( ! ,amazons or ! ,solimo5s4 ,! %ores jut out 9 frequ5t promontories1 :i*1 :ile !y =m deep bays betwe51 n>r[ ! riv] f di/ance to di/ance1 &1 z we advance t[>ds !m1 look l ! entrances to h>bors or lakes4 ,inde$1 we h already pass$ sev]al l>ge lakes2 b great %eets ( wat] s ab\nd "h t !y are nameless1 & h>dly attract att5tion4 ,! vegetation also is diff]5t f t ( ! ,amazons4 ,z yet we h se5 few palms2 & ! =e/ is *>act]iz$ by a great numb] ( trees1 ! summits ( :i* are ev5ly & g5tly ar*$1 =m+ flatt5$ domes4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^!1 on acc\nt ( its l(ty height & spread+ foliage1 is ! ,sumaumra1 to :i* ,i h allud$ be=e4 ,b ?is umbrella-l mode ( gr[? is by no means conf9$ to "o tree1 b1 l ! buttress$ trunks1 *>act]izes a numb] ( ,brazilian trees4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m frequ5t "h ?an we h se5 x else:]e4 ,! %ores seem v scantily inhabit$2 inde$1 dur+ our :ole j\rney ye/]day1 we met b "o canoe1 :i* we hail$1 9 ord] to inquire our di/ance f ! little hamlet ( ,taua ,passu1 :]e we meant to drop an*or = ! night4 ,x 0 ! boat ( an ,indian family go+ d[n ! riv]4 ,we 7 rem9d$ t we 7 leav+ inhabit$ regions1 = ! man :o 0 r[+ 0 q nak$2 8 wife & *ildr5 peep$ out f "u ! tolda 9 ! /]n ( ! boat4 ,we receiv$ f !m ! welcome intellig5ce t we 7 n f> f our de/9ation1 :]e we accord+ly arriv$ soon aft] nightfall4 ,at ?is h\r we c\ld =m b little idea ( ! appe>ance ( ! place2 yet1 by ! moonlight1 we c\ld see t its few h\ses 7"s eight or t51 p]haps7 /ood on a cresc5t-%ap$ t]race1 =m$ by ! bank ( a little bay :i* puts 9 j at ?is po9t4 ,! g5tlem5 w5t on %ore1 & br\ght back ! padre ( ! village to tea4 ,he seems a man ( a good deal ( intellig5ce1 & 0 eloqu5t ^u ! salubrity ( ! village1 its fre$om f mosquitoes1 piums1 & all k9ds ( noxi\s insects4 ,at fir/ a life s remote & isolat$ seems a h>d lot1 & "o w\ld ?9k only ! greate/ devotion c\ld induce a man to und]take x4 ,b !re is h>dly a corn] s remote 9 ,brazil z n to be rea*$ by ! petty local politics2 & ! padre is said to be a great politician1 8 campaign be=e election among ! poor p ) :om 8 lot is ca/ be+ z excit+ to him z t ( any man :o canvasses 9 a m di/+ui%$ ar5a2 ! m satisfactory1 p]haps1 because he has ! game v mu* 9 8 own h&s4 ,we left ,taua ,passu ) ! dawn1 & are aga9 on our way to ,p$reira4 ,! wea!r /ill cont9ues mo/ favorable = travell+1--an ov]ca/ sky & a cool breeze4 ,b to-day ! black riv] sleeps )\t a ripple2 &1 z we pass along1 ! trees meet ! wat]1 & are s p]fectly reflect$ 9 x t we c h>dly di/+ui% ! divid+ l9e4 ,i h said t ! =e/ is n *>act]iz$ by palms1 & yet we see _m species :i* we h n met be=e2 among ^! is ! ,j>a-ass1 ) its tall1 sl5d] /em1 & broom-l tuft ( /iff leaves4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has j gone on %ore 9 ! mont>ia1 to cut d[n "s palms ( ano!r k9d1 new to him4 ,z he returns1 ! little boat seems to h und]gone "s m>vell\s *ange2 x looks l a gre5 raft float+ on ! wat]1 & we c h>dly see ! figures ( ! r[]s = ! beautiful cr[ns ( ! palm-trees4 ,decemb] #bi?4--,p$reira4 ,i h said little ab\t ! insects & reptiles :i* play s l>ge a "p 9 mo/ ,brazilian travels1 &1 inde$1 ,i h _h mu* less annoyance f ?is s\rce ?an ,i _h expect$4 ,b ,i mu/ confess ! creature :o greet$ my wak+ sight ?is morn+ 0 n a pleasant object to contemplate4 ,x 0 an enorm\s c5tip$e close by my side1 ne>ly a foot 9 l5g?1 ^: innum]able legs look$ j ready = a />t1 & ^: two horns or feel]s 7 protrud$ ) a mo/ v5om\s expression4 ,^! animals are n only hide\s to look ^u1 b _! bite is v pa9ful1 ?\gh n dang]\s4 ,i crept s(tly away f my s(a )\t di/urb+ my ugly neighbor1 :o pres5tly fell a victim to sci5ce2 be+ v adroitly caught "u a l>ge tumbl]1 & consign$ to a glass j> fill$ ) alcohol4 ,capta9 ,f>ia says t c5tip$es are (t5 br\ght on bo>d ) ! wood1 among :i* !y usually lie conceal$1 seldom mak+ _! appe>ance1 unless di/urb$ & driv5 out ( _! hid+-place4 ,to less noxi\s visitors ( ?is k9d "o gets soon accu/om$4 ,z ,i %ake out my dress1 ,i he> a cold flop on ! floor1 & a pretty little h\se-liz>d1 :o has f\nd a w>m retreat 9 its folds1 makes 8 escape ) all cel]ity4 ,cockroa*es sw>m ev]y:]e1 & x w\ld be a vigilant h\sekeep] :o c\ld keep h] closets free ( !m4 ,ants are ! greate/ nuisance ( all1 & ! bite ( ! fire-ant is really t]rible4 ,i rememb] once1 9 ,esp]ana's cottage1 hav+ hung "s t[els to dry on ! cord ( my hammock2 ,i 0 ab\t to remove !m1 :5 sudd5ly my h& & arm seem$ plung$ into fire4 ,i dropp$ ! t[els z if !y _h be5 hot coals1 :i* = ! mom5t !y lit]ally seem$ to be1 & !n ,i saw t my arm 0 cov]$ ) little br[n ants4 ,bru%+ !m (f 9 all ha/e1 ,i call$ ,laudig>i1 :o f\nd an army ( !m pass+ ov] ! hammock1 & out ( ! w9d[1 ne> :i* x hung4 ,he said !y 7 on _! way some:]e1 &1 if left undi/urb$1 w\ld be gone 9 an h\r or two4 ,& s x prov$ to be4 ,we saw no m ( !m4 ,major ,c\t9ho says t1 9 c]ta9 ,amazonian tribes1 ! ,indian bridegroom is subject$ to a s+ul> te/4 ,on ! day ( 8 m>riage1 :ile ! w$d+ fe/ivities are go+ on1 8 h& is ti$ up 9 a pap] bag fill$ ) fire-ants4 ,if he be>s ?is torture smil+ly & unmov$1 he is consid]$ fit = ! trials ( matrimony4 ,ye/]day we arriv$ at ,p$reira1 a little village consi/+ ( "s fifte5 or tw5ty h\ses hemm$ 9 by =e/4 ,! place c]ta9ly des]ves its "n ( ! 8place ( /ones10 = ! %ore is fr+$ ) rocks & b\ld]s4 ,we l&$ at once1 & ,mr4 ,c\t9ho & ,mr4 ,agassiz sp5t ! morn+ 9 geologiz+ & botaniz+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our ramble we came ^u an exce$+ly picturesque ,indian camp4 ,! riv] is n[ s high t ! wat] runs f> up into ! =e/4 ,9 su* an ov]fl[$ wood1 a numb] ( ,indian mont>ias 7 moor$2 :ile1 on a tract ( dry l& ne> by1 ! ,indians _h cle>$ a little grove1 cutt+ d[n ! inn] trees1 & leav+ only ! out] ones /&+1 s z to make a %ady1 circul> arbor4 ,)9 ?is arbor ! hammocks 7 slung2 :ile outside 7 ! kettles & wat]-jugs1 & ut5sils ( "o sort & ano!r4 ,9 ?is little camp 7 sev]al ,indian families1 :o _h left _! m&ioca plantations 9 ! =e/1 to pass ! ,*ri/mas fe/a 9 ! village4 ,i ask$ ! wom5 :at !y did1 !y & _! babies1 ( :i* !re 7 a goodly numb]1 :5 x ra9$2 = a ro( ( foliage is poor %elt] 9 ^! tropical ra9s1 desc5d+1 n 9 drops1 b 9 %eets4 ,!y laugh$1 &1 po9t+ to _! canoes1 said !y crept "u ! tolda1 ! ar*$ ro( ( palm-?at* :i* always encloses ! /]n ( an ,indian mont>ia1 & 7 safe4 ,ev5 ?is1 9 ! op5 riv]1 w\ld n be a protection2 b1 moor$ z ! boats are 9 ! mid/ ( a ?ick wood1 !y d n receive ! full =ce ( ! %[]s4 ,9 return+ f our walk we /opp$ at a h\se :]e an ,indian 0 mak+ palm-?at* f ! leaflets ( ! ,curua palm4 ,:5 q "y1 !y are pack$ closely ar\nd ! midrib4 ,! ,indians turn !m d[n1 leav+ !m atta*$ to ! axis by a few fibres only1 s t1 :5 ! midrib is held up1 !y hang f x l s _m /raw-color$ rib&s1 be+1 at t age1 ( a v delicate color4 ,) ^! leaves !y ?at* _! walls & ro(s1 sett+ ! midrib1 :i* is /rong & sometimes f\r or five y>ds long1 across1 to s]ve z a support1 & b9d+ d[n ! p5d5t leaves4 ,su* a ?at* w la/ = ye>s1 & is an excell5t protection f ra9 z well z sun4 ,i %\ld add1 t1 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 diff]5t k9ds ( palms are us$ = ?is purpose4 ,on our return to ! village we 7 met by ! padre1 :o invit$ u to re/ at 8 h\se1 /opp+ on ! way1 at our reque/1 to %[ u ! *ur*4 ,! condition ( a settlem5t is g5]ally indicat$ by ! /ate ( ! *ur*4 ,?is "o 0 sadly 9 want ( repairs1 ! mud walls be+ pi]c$ ) m w9d[s ?an !y 7 orig9ally int5d$ to possess2 b ! int]ior 0 neat1 & ! alt> pretti] ?an "o w\ld expect to f9d 9 s poor a place z ,p$reira appe>s to be4 ,p]haps ! *ur* 0 9 bett] ord] ?an usual1 be+ inde$ 9 fe/ival trim4 ,*ri/mas week 0 n yet ov]1 & ! baby ,*ri/ lay on 8 gre5 b$ 9 a little arbor ( leaves & fl[]s1 evid5tly made expressly = ! purpose4 ,! padre ( ?is little village1 ,fa!r ,samuel1 an ,italian prie/1 :o has pass$ _m ye>s ( 8 life among ! ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 p>tly 9 ,bolivia & p>tly 9 ,brazil1 _h n s mu* to say 9 favor ( ! heal?fulness ( 8 p>i% z ! padre :om we _h se5 ! night be=e 9 ,taua ,passu4 ,he told u t int]mitt5t fev]1 f :i* he _h suff]$ mu* himself1 is frequ5t1 & t ! p are poorly & insuffici5tly f$4 ,:5 !y h _h no rec5t arrival f ,manaos1 nei!r c(fee1 sug>1 tea1 nor bread are to be _h 9 ! village4 ,z !re is no bea* "h1 ! fi%+ is done at a di/ance on ! o!r side ( ! riv]2 & :5 ! wat]s are v high1 fi% are n obta9$ ev5 !re4 ,at su* times ! ,indians live exclusively on f>9ha d'agua & wat]4 ,?is meagre diet1 ?\gh injuri\s to ! heal?1 satisfies ! crav+s ( hung] ) ^? accu/om$ to x2 b ! few :ites 9 ?is solit>y place suff] sev]ely4 ,:at a comm5t is ?is sc>city ( food on ! indol5ce & indiff]5ce ( ! population 9 a region :]e an imm5se v>iety ( vegetables might be cultivat$ ) little labor1 :]e ! pa/urage is excell5t 7z is atte/$ by ! f9e condition ( ! few c[s at ,p$reira71 & :]e c(fee1 cacao1 cotton1 & sug> h a g5ial climate & soil1 & yield m copi\s crops ?an 9 _m c\ntries f :i* l>ge exports ( ^! productions are made6 ,& yet1 9 ?is l& ( abundance1 ! p live 9 dread ( actual want4 ,! village consi/s1 z ,i h said1 ( "s fifte5 or tw5ty h\ses1 all ( :i* are at ?is mom5t occupi$2 b ,fa!r ,samuel tells u t we see ! little place at its flood-tide1 ,*ri/mas week hav+ br\ght toge!r ! inhabitants ( ! neighborhood4 ,!y w disp]se aga91 aft] a few days1 to _! palm-h\ses & m&ioca plantations 9 ! =e/2 & ! padre says t1 on _m a ,sunday ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 8 congregation consi/s only ( himself & ! boys :o assi/ at ! s]vice4 ,aft] we _h re/$ = half an h\r at ! prie/'s h\se1 he propos$ to s5d u to 8 little m&ioca plantation at a %ort di/ance 9 ! =e/1 :]e a p>ticul> k9d ( palm1 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz greatly covet$1 0 to be obta9$4 ,su* a proposition naturally sugge/s a walk2 b 9 ?is c\ntry ( inundat$ surfaces l& j\rneys1 z w be se51 are (t5 made by wat]4 ,we />t$ 9 a mont>ia1 &1 aft] keep+ along ! riv] = "s "t1 we turn$ into ! woods & began to navigate ! =e/4 ,! wat] 0 /ill & cle> z glass3 ! trunks ( ! trees /ood up f x1 _! bran*es dipp$ into x2 & z we w\nd 9 & out among !m1 putt+ aside a b\gh "h & !re1 or /oop+ to float "u a gre5 arbor1 ! reflection ( e leaf 0 s p]fect t wood & wat] seem$ to melt into ea* o!r1 & x 0 difficult to say :]e ! "o began & ! o!r end$4 ,sil5ce & %ade s pr(\nd brood$ ov] ! :ole sc5e t ! m]e ripple ( our paddles seem$ a di/urbance4 ,aft] half an h\r's r[ we came to dry l&1 :]e we w5t on %ore1 tak+ our boatm5 ) u2 & ! wood soon res\nd$ ) ! s\nd ( _! hat*ets1 z ! palms fell "u _! bl[s4 ,we return$ ) a boat-load ( palms1 besides a numb] ( plants ( v>i\s k9ds :i* we _h n se5 else:]e4 ,we rea*$ ! 8,ibicuhy0 j 9 "t2 = sc>cely 7 we well on bo>d & 9 snug qu>t]s aga91 :5 ! heav5s op5$ & ! floods came d[n4 ,i am n yet accu/om$ to ! miracul\s =ce & pr(usion ( ^! torr5ts ( wat]1 & e %[] is a fre% surprise4 ,yet ! ra9y season is no su* imp$im5t to travell+ & work+ z we _h suppos$ x w\ld be4 ,! ra9 is by no means cont9u\s1 & !re are (t5 sev]al days toge!r ( cle> wea!r4 ,inde$1 x no m ra9s all ! "t 9 ! ra9y season "h ?an x sn[s all ! "t 9 ! w9t] ) u4 ,"o ^w ( ! geology4 ,! ,p$reira granite1 ( :i* we _h he>d1 proves to be a granitoid mica-slate1--a highly metamorphic rock1 indi/9ctly /ratifi$1 b resembl+ granite 9 its composition4 ,x is 9 imm$iate contact ) ! r$ drift :i* re/s above x4 ,?is morn+ we _h a melan*oly pro( ( ! brutality ( recruit+ "h1 ( :i* we h already he>d s mu*4 ,sev]al ,indians1 :o _h be5 kept 9 conf9em5t 9 ,p$reira = "s days1 wait+ = an opportunity to s5d !m to ,manaos1 7 br\ght out to ! %ip4 ,^! poor wret*es _h _! feet pass$ ?r\gh heavy blocks ( wood1 ! holes be+ j l>ge en\gh to fit ar\nd ! ankles4 ,( c\rse !y c\ld only move ) ! greate/ difficulty2 & !y 7 half pu%$1 half dragg$ up ! side ( ! vessel1 "o ( !m hav+ app>5tly su* a fit ( ague ^u him t1 :5 he 0 fairly l&$ on 8 feet1 ,i c\ld see him %ake f my seat at a di/ance ( half ! deck4 ,^! ,indians c speak no ,portuguese3 !y _c und]/& :y !y are =c$ to g2 !y only "k t !y are seiz$ 9 ! woods & treat$ z if !y 7 ! wor/ crim9als2 puni%$ ) b>b>ity = no crime1 & !n s5t to fight = ! gov]nm5t :i* s misuses !m4 ,to ! honor ( our comm&] be x said1 t he %[$ ! deepe/ indignation at ! condition 9 :i* ^! m5 7 deliv]$ into 8 h&s3 he caus$ ! blocks ( wood to be saw$ (f _! feet imm$iately1 gave !m w9e & food1 & %[$ !m e k9dness4 ,he prote/$ t ! :ole proce$+ 0 illegal1 & contr>y to ! int5tions ( ! c5tral au?ority4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! way 9 :i* ! recruit+ is accompli%$ ?r\gh\t ?is ,indian di/rict2 & ! def5ce made by ^? :o ju/ify x is1 t ! ,indians1 l any o!r citiz5s1 mu/ fight = ! ma9t5ance ( ! laws :i* protect !m2 t ! gov]nm5t ne$s _! s]vices2 & t ?is is ! only way to secure !m1 z !y are v unwill+ to g1 & v cunn+ & agile 9 escap+4 ,beside ^! ?ree m51 !re 7 two o!rs2 "o a volunte]1 & ! o!r f a bett] class1 ! pilot ( ! cat>act on ! ,rio ,branco4 ,a man s employ$ ought1 = ! sake ( ! community1 to be exempt f milit>y s]vice1 z few p]sons und]/& ! dang]\s navigation ( ! riv]1 :]e brok5 by cascades4 ,he w d\btless be s5t back :5 8 case is repres5t$ to ! ,presid5t ( ! prov9ce4 ,decemb] #ca/4--,aga9 on our way back to ,manaos1 hav+ made1 on our return1 ano!r %ort /ay at ,taua ,passu1 :]e1 dur+ ! two days ( our abs5ce1 ! padre ( ! village _h prep>$ a l>ge collection ( palms = ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,our collection ( palms is becom+ q num]\s2 & ?\gh !y mu/ ( c\rse1 9 ! process ( dry+1 lose all _! beauty ( color+1 we hope !y may reta9 some?+ ( ! grace & dignity ( _! be>+4 ,b ev5 %\ld ?is n be ! case1 !y w answ] e purpose ( /udy1 z ) ea* "o specim5s ( its fruit & fl[]s are pres]v$ 9 alcohol4 ,a palm has j be5 br\ght on bo>d--! ,baccba1 or w9e-palm 7noc>pus7--f :i* ! fl[]s droop 9 long crimson cords1 ) bright-gre5 b]ries f di/ance to di/ance along _! l5g?1 l an imm5se coral tassel1 fleck$ "h & !re ) gre51 hang+ f ! d>k trunk ( ! tree4 ,! mode ( fl[]+ ( ! cocoa-nut palm1 :i* we see ev]y:]e ?\gh x is n indig5\s "h1 is v beautiful4 ,! fl[]s bur/ f ! %ea? 9 a long plume ( s(t1 creamy-:ite blossoms3 su* a plume is s heavy ) ! weight ( p5d5t fl[]s t x c h>dly be lift$2 & its effect is v /rik+1 hang+ high up on ! trunk1 j "u ! gre5 vault ( leaves4 ,i ?9k !re is no?+ among ! *>act]i/ic features ( tropical sc5]y ( :i* "o =ms less idea at home ?an ( ! palms4 ,_! "n is legion2 ! v>iety ( _! =ms1 ( _! foliage1 fruit1 & fl[]s1 is p]fectly bewild]+2 & yet1 z a gr\p1 _! "* is unmi/akable4 ,! foll[+ extracts are tak5 f ,mr4 ,agassiz's notes on palms1 writt5 dur+ ?is excursion on ! ,rio ,negro4 ,illu/ration3 ,fan ,baccba 7noc>pus di/y*ius74 8,! palms1 z a natural gr\p1 /& out among all o!r plants ) rem>kable di/9ctness & individuality4 ,& yet ?is common "*1 unit+ !m s closely z a natural ord]1 does n prev5t ! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ce betwe5 v>i\s k9ds ( palms4 ,z a :ole1 no family ( trees is m simil>2 g5]ically & specifically none is m v>i$1 ev5 ?\gh o!r families include a great] numb] ( species4 ,_! diff]5ces seem to me to be det]m9$ 9 a great measure by ! peculi> arrangem5t ( _! leaves2 inde$1 palms1 ) _! colossal leaves1 few 9 numb]1 may be consid]$ z ornam5tal diagrams ( ! prim>y laws accord+ to :i* ! leaves ( all plants ?r\gh\t ! :ole vegetable k+dom are arrang$2 laws n[ recogniz$ by ! mo/ advanc$ botani/s ( ! day1 & designat$ by !m z ,phyllotaxis4 ,! simple/ arrangem5t 9 ^! ma!matics ( ! vegetable _w is t ( ! grasses1 9 :i* ! leaves are plac$ alt]nately on opposite sides ( ! /em1 ?us divid+ ! space ar\nd x 9 equal halves4 ,z ! /em ( ! grasses elongates1 ^! pairs ( leaves are f\nd scatt]$ along its l5g?2 & x is only 9 e>s or spikes ( "s g5]a t we f9d !m gr[+ s compactly on ! axis z to =m a close head4 ,( ?is law ( gr[? ! palm kn[n z ! ,baccba ( ,p> 7noc>pus di/y*ius7 is an admirable illu/ration2 its leaves be+ dispos$ 9 pairs "o above ano!r at ! summit ( ! /em1 b 9 su* imm$iate contact z to =m a ?ick cr[n4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is disposition ( ! leaves1 its appe>ance is totally diff]5t f t ( any o!r palm ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,i d n "k any palm 9 :i* ! leaves are arrang$ 9 ?ree directions only1 z 9 ! re$s & s$ges ( our m>%es1 unless x be ! ,jacit>a 7,desmon*us71 ^: w9d+ sl5d] /em1 h[ev]1 makes ! obs]vation unc]ta94 ,an arrangem5t 9 five diff]5t directions is common 9 all ^? palms :i*1 :5 "y1 h only a clu/] ( five fully develop$ leaves above ! gr\nd1 ) a spade-l six? leaf ris+ f ! c5tre4 ,:5 full gr[n1 !y usually exhibit a cr[n ( t5 or fifte5 leaves & m1 divid$ into ti]s ( five1 "o above ! o!r1 b s close toge!r t ! :ole appe>s l a r\nd$ head4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! cr[n is m op51 z 9 ! ,maximiliana regia 7,inaja71 = in/ance1 9 :i* ! /em is n v high1 & ! leaves1 always 9 cycles ( five1 spread slightly1 s z to =m an op5 vase ris+ f a sl5d] /em4 ,! ,assai 7,eut]pe edulis7 has an eight-leav$ arrangem5t1 & has nev] m ?an a s+le cycle ( leaves1 ?\gh x may sometimes h sev5 leaves :5 ! fir/ ( ! old cycle has dropp$1 be=e ! n9?1 ) :i* ! new cycle beg9s1 has op5$2 or n9e1 if ! fir/ leaf ( ! new cycle 7! n9? 9 numb]7 has op5$1 be=e ! fir/ ( ! old cycle has dropp$4 ,^! leaves1 ( a delicate1 pale gre51 are cut into a ?\s& leaflets1 :i* tremble 9 ! lighte/ breeze1 & tell y t ! air is /irr+ ev5 :5 ! heat seems brea?less4 ,a m elegant & attractive diagram ( ! ,phyllotaxis ( probably does n exi/ 9 nature4 ,! common ,cocoa-nut tree has its leaves arrang$ accord+ to ! fraction ( #e_/ac2 b1 ?\gh ! cr[n consi/s ( sev]al cycles ( leaves1 !y d n =m a close head1 because ! old] ones become p5d5t1 :ile ! y\ng] are m erect4 ,! ,pupunha1 or pea* palm 7,guilielma71 foll[s ! ,phyllotaxis ( #h_/ba2 b 9 ?is in/ance all ! leaves are ev5ly ar*$ ov]1 s t ! :ole =ms a deep-gre5 vault1 ! m beautiful f ! ri* color ( ! foliage4 ,:5 ! heavy clu/] ( ripe1 r$ fruit hangs "u ?is d>k vault1 ! tree is 9 its greate/ beauty4 ,z ! leaves ( ?is palm are n s closely set 9 ! y\ng] specim5s z 9 ! old] ones1 its aspect *anges at diff]5t /ages ( gr[?2 ! leaves 9 ! y\ng] trees be+ di/ribut$ ov] a great] l5g? ( ! trunk1 :ile1 9 ! adult tall] ones1 !y are m compact4 ,?is arrangem5t is repeat$ 9 ! ,jav>i & ,tucuma 7,a/roc>yum72 b 9 ^! ! closely-set leaves /& erect1 broom-l1 at ! head ( ! long /alk4 ,9 ! ,mucaja 7,acrocomia7 ! leaves are arrang$ accord+ to ! fraction #ac_/cd4 ,?us1 "u ! same fundam5tal pr9ciple ( gr[?1 an inf9ite v>iety is introduc$1 among trees ( "o ord]1 by ! slight diff]5ces 9 ! di/ribution & con/itution ( ! leaves !mselves4 ,9 ! ,musace1 or ,scytam9e1 ! ,bananas1 ano!r ord] ( ! same class ( plants1 a div]sity equally rem>kable is produc$ 9 ! same way1 namely1 by slight modifications ( ?is fundam5tal law4 ,:at c diff] m 9 appe>ance ?an ! common ,banana 7,musa p>adisiaca71 ) its l>ge simple leaves1 s loosely arrang$ ar\nd ! /em1 s graceful & easy 9 _! movem5ts1 & ! ,banana ( ,madagasc> 7,rav5ala madagasc>i5sis71 commonly kn[n z ! ,travell]'s tree1 :i*1 l ! ,baccba ( ,p>1 has its leaves alt]nat+ regul>ly on opposite sides ( ! trunk1 & s closely pack$ toge!r z to =m an imm5se flat fan on a colossal /em8 ,yet1 9 all ^! plants ! arrangem5t ( leaves obeys ! same law1 :i* is illu/rat$ ) equal di/9ctness by ea* "o4 ,?is ma!matical disposition ( leaves is ?us %[n to be compatible ) a great v>iety ( ess5tially diff]5t /ructures2 & ?\gh ! law ( ,phyllotaxis prevails 9 all plants1 be+ limit$ nei!r to class1 ord]s1 families1 g5]a1 nor species1 b runn+ 9 v>i\s comb9ations ?r\gh ! :ole k+dom1 ,i believe x c be /udi$ to especial advantage 9 ! gr\p ( palms1 on acc\nt ( ! prom95ce ( _! few l>ge leaves4 ,! mo/ abundant & *>act]i/ic palms ( ! ,rio ,negro are ! ,jav>i 7,a/roc>yum ,jav>i71 ! ,muru-,muru 7,a/roc>yum ,murumuru71 ! ,uauassu 7,attalea speciosa71 ! ,inaja 7,maximiliana regia71 ! ,baccba 7noc>pus ,baccba71 ! ,paxiuba 7,iri>tea exorhiza71 ! ,c>ana 7,mauritia ,c>ana71 ! ,c>anai 7,mauritia horrida71 ! ,ubim 7,geonoma71 & ! ,curua 7,attalea spectabilis72 ( ^! ! two latt] are ! mo/ useful4 ,! rem>kable ,piassaba 7,leopold9ia ,piassaba7 occurs only f> above ! junction ( ! ,rio ,negro & ,rio ,branco4 ,we obta9$1 h[ev]1 a specim5 t _h be5 plant$ at ,itatiassu4 ,! _m small k9ds ( ,ubim 7,geonoma71 & ,m>aja 7,bactris71 & ev5 ! ,j>a 7,leopold9ia71 are s completely ov]%ad[$ by ! l>g] trees t !y are only notic$ :]e clu/]$ along ! riv]-banks4 ,bussus 7,manic>ia71 ,assais 7,eut]pe7 ,mucaja 7,acrocomia71 gr[ also on ! ,rio ,negro1 b x rema9s to be asc]ta9$ :e!r !y are specifically id5tical ) ^? ( ! ,l[] ,amazons4 ,s peculi> is ! aspect ( ! diff]5t species ( palms t1 f ! deck ( ! /eam]1 !y c be s+l$ out z easily z ! live-oaks or pecan-nut trees1 s readily di/+ui%$ on ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,mississippi1 or ! diff]5t k9ds ( oaks1 bir*es1 bee*es1 or walnut-trees :i* attract obs]vation :5 sail+ along ! %ores ( our ,nor!rn lakes4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 impossible to discrim9ate betwe5 all ! trees ( ?is wond]ful ,amazonian =e/2 p>tly because !y gr[ 9 su* het]og5e\s associations4 ,9 ! temp]ate zone we h oak-=e/s1 p9e-=e/s1 bir*1 bee*1 & maple woods1 ! same k9ds ( trees congregat+ toge!r on "o soil4 ,n s "h2 !re is ! mo/ extraord9>y div]sity 9 ! comb9ation ( plants1 & x is a v r>e ?+ to see ! soil occupi$ = any ext5t by ! same k9d ( tree4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! trees =m+ ^! =e/s are /ill unkn[n to sci5ce1 & yet ! ,indians1 ^? practical botani/s & zologi/s1 are well acqua9t$1 n only ) _! ext]nal appe>ance1 b also ) _! v>i\s prop]ties4 ,s intimate is _! practical k ( ! natural objects ab\t !m1 t ,i believe x w\ld greatly contribute to ! progress ( sci5ce if a sy/ematic record 7 made ( all ! in=mation ?us scatt]$ ?r\gh ! l&2 an encyclopdia ( ! woods1 z x 71 tak5 d[n f ! tribes :i* inhabit !m4 ,i ?9k x w\ld be no bad way ( collect+1 to g f settlem5t to settlem5t1 s5d+ ! ,indians out to ga!r all ! plants !y "k1 to dry & label !m ) ! names appli$ to !m 9 ! locality1 & writ+ out1 "u ! heads ( ^! names1 all t may ?us be asc]ta9$ ( _! m$ic9al & o!rwise useful prop]ties1 z well z _! botanical "*4 ,a critical exam9ation ( ^! collections w\ld at once correct ! in=mation ?us obta9$1 especially if ! p]son intru/$ ) ! c>e ( ga!r+ ^! mat]ials _h s mu* k ( botany z w\ld enable him to complete ! collections br\ght 9 by ! ,indians1 add+ to !m su* p>ts z might be want$ = a complete sy/ematic description4 ,! specim5s ought n to be *os51 h[ev]1 z !y h hi!rto be51 solely ) ref]5ce to ^? p>ts :i* are absolutely necess>y to id5tify ! species2 ! collections1 to be complete1 ought to include ! wood1 ! b>k1 ! roots1 & ! s(t fruits 9 alcohol4 ,! abundance & v>iety ( timb] 9 ! ,amazonian ,valley /rikes u ) amazem5t4 ,we long to he> ! saw-mill busy 9 ^! =e/s1 :]e !re are sev]al hundr$ k9ds ( woods1 admirably suit$ = con/ruction z well z = ! f9e/ cab9et-"w2 rem>kable = ! beauty ( _! gra91 = _! h>dness1 = ! v>iety ( _! t9ts & _! ve9+1 & = _! durability4 ,& yet s ignorant are ! inhabitants ( ! value ( timb] t1 :5 !y want a plank1 !y cut d[n a tree1 & *op x to ! desir$ ?ickness ) a hat*et4 ,!re are _m o!r vegetable products1 besides ^? already export$ f ! ,amazons1 :i* w "o day be p\r$ into ! m>ket f its f]tile %ores4 ,! cle>e/ & pure/ oils are made f "s ( ! nuts & palm fruits1 :ile _m ( ! palms yield ! mo/ admirable fibr\s mat]ial = cordage1 s+ul>ly ela/ic & resi/ant4 ,besides its mat]ial products1--& ( ^! ! great] "p rot on ! gr\nd = want ( h&s to ga!r !m1--! climate & soil are favorable = ! gr[? ( sug>1 c(fee1 cocoa1 & cotton2 & ,i may add1 t ! spices ( ! ,ea/ might be cultivat$ 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons z well z 9 ! ,dut* possessions ( ,asia40 ,sunday1 #ca/4--,manaos4 ,we _h wi%$ exce$+ly to ext5d our excursion on ! ,rio ,negro to ! m\? ( ! ,rio ,branco1 b our pilot w\ld n und]take to conduct ! 8,ibicuhy0 beyond ,p$reira1 z he said ! /ones 9 ! b$ ( ! riv] 7 num]\s & l>ge & ! *annel at ?is season n v deep4 ,we 71 !re=e1 oblig$ to return )\t accompli%+ ! :ole object ( ?is voyage2 b ?\gh %ort1 x 0 nev]!less mo/ int]e/+1 & has left ) u a vivid impression ( ! peculi> "* ( ?is great /ream4 ,beautiful z are ! endless =e/s1 h[ev]1 we c\ld n b long1 :5 skirt+ !m day aft] day )\t see+ a h\se or meet+ a canoe1 = ! sight ( till$ soil1 = pa/ure-l&s1 = op5 gr\nd1 = :eat-fields & hay/acks1--= any sign1 9 %ort1 ( ! pres5ce ( man4 ,z we sat at night 9 ! /]n ( ! vessel1 look+ up ?is va/ riv]1 /ret*+ _m hundr$ leagues1 ) its solit>y1 un9habit$ %ores & imp5etrable =e/s1 x 0 difficult to resi/ an oppressive s5se ( lonel9ess4 ,?\gh "h & !re an ,indian settlem5t or a ,brazilian village breaks ! di/ance1 yet ! population is a m]e h&ful 9 su* a t]ritory4 ,i suppose ! "t w come :5 ! _w w claim x1 :5 ?is riv]1 :]e1 9 a six days' j\rney1 we h pass$ b two or ?ree canoes1 w h its /eam]s & vessels ( all sorts go+ up & d[n1 & its banks w be busy ) life2 b ! day is n yet4 ,:5 ,i rememb] ! poor p ,i h se5 9 ! wat*-mak+ & lace-mak+ villages ( ,switz]l&1 h>dly lift+ _! eyes (f _! "w f break ( day till night1 & ev5 !n e>n+ b>ely en\gh to keep !m above actual want1 & ?9k h[ easily ev]y?+ gr[s "h1 on l& to be _h = almo/ no?+1 x seems a pity t "s p>ts ( ! _w %\ld be s ov]/ock$ t !re is n n\ri%m5t = all1 & o!rs s empty t !re are none to ga!r ! h>ve/4 ,we long to see a vigor\s emigration p\r into ?is region s favor$ by ,nature1 s b>e ( inhabitants4 ,b ?+s g sl[ly 9 ^! latitudes2 great cities d n spr+ up 9 half a c5tury1 z ) u4 ,humboldt1 9 8 acc\nt ( 8 ,s\?-,am]ican j\rney1 writes3 8,s9ce my dep>ture f ! banks ( ! ,or9oco & ! ,amazon1 a new era has unfold$ itself 9 ! social /ate ( ! nations ( ! ,we/4 ,! fury ( civil diss5sions has be5 succe$$ by ! bless+s ( peace1 & a fre] developm5t ( ! arts ( indu/ry4 ,! bifurcations ( ! ,or9oco1 ! i/hmus ( ,tuam9i1 s easy to be made passable by an artificial canal1 w erelong fix ! att5tion ( comm]cial ,europe4 ,! ,cassiqui>e1 z broad z ! ,rh9e1 & ! c\rse ( :i* is "o hundr$ & eighty miles 9 l5g?1 w no long] =m uselessly a navigable canal betwe5 two bas9s ( riv]s :i* h a surface ( "o hundr$ & n9ety ?\s& squ>e leagues4 ,! gra9 ( ,new ,granada w be c>ri$ to ! banks ( ! ,rio ,negro2 boats w desc5d f ! s\rces ( ! ,napo & ! ,ucuyale1 f ! ,&es ( ,quito & ( ,upp] ,p]u1 to ! m\?s ( ! ,or9oco1--a di/ance :i* equals t f ,timbuctoo to ,m>seilles40 ,su* 7 ! anticipations ( ,humboldt m ?an sixty ye>s ago2 & at ?is day ! banks ( ! ,rio ,negro & ! ,cassiqui>e are /ill z luxuriant & z desolate1 z f]tile & z un9habit$1 z !y 7 !n4 ,janu>y #h?4--,manaos4 ,! necessity = "s days ( re/1 aft] s _m mon?s ( un9t]mitt$ "w1 has deta9$ ,mr4 ,agassiz "h = a week4 ,x has giv5 u an opportunity ( r5ew+ our walks 9 ! neighborhood ( ,manaos1 ( complet+ our collection ( plants1 & also ( refre%+ our memory ( sc5es :i* we %all probably nev] see aga91 & among :i* we h _h a pleasant home = ne>ly ?ree mon?s4 ,! woods are mu* m full ( fl[]s ?an !y 7 :5 ,i fir/ became acqua9t$ ) _! _m pleasant pa?s4 ,passion-fl[]s are especially abundant4 ,!re is "o k9d :i* has a delici\s p]fume1 n unlike ,cape ,jessam9e4 ,x hides itself away 9 ! %ade1 b its fragrance betrays x2 & if y put aside ! bran*es ( ! trees1 y are sure to f9d its l>ge :ite-&-purple fl[]s1 & d>k1 ?ick-leav$ v9e1 climb+ up "s neighbor+ trunk4 ,ano!r1 :i* seems r to c\rt ?an avoid obs]vation1 is ( a bright r$2 & its crimson />s are (t5 se5 set1 z x 71 9 ! ?ick foliage ( ! =e/4 ,b1 mu* z ,i enjoy ! v]dure "h1 ,i appreciate1 m ?an ev] be=e1 ! m>k$ passage ( ! seasons 9 our ,nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,9 ?is un*ang+1 gre5 _w1 :i* nev] alt]s f c5tury to c5tury1 except by a little m or less moi/ure1 a little m or less heat1 ,i ?9k ) ! deepe/ gratitude ( w9t] & spr+1 summ] & autumn4 ,! circle ( nature seems incomplete1 & ev5 ! rigors ( our climate are rememb]$ ) affection 9 ?is cont9ual vapor-ba?4 ,x is lit]ally true t y _c move t5 /eps )\t be+ dr5*$ 9 p]spiration4 ,h[ev]1 ?is "* ( ! heat prev5ts x f be+ scor*+2 & we h no reason to *ange our fir/ impression1 t1 on ! :ole1 ! climate is mu* less oppressive ?an we expect$ to f9d x1 & ! nights are inv>iably cool4 ,at ! end ( ?is week we resume our voyage on bo>d ! 8,ibicuhy10 go+ sl[ly d[n to ,p>1 /opp+ at sev]al po9ts on ! way4 ,our fir/ /ation w be at ,villa ,bella1 :]e ,mr4 ,agassiz wi%es to make ano!r collection ( fi%es4 ,x may seem /range t1 aft] hav+ obta9$1 ne>ly five mon?s ago1 v l>ge collections f ! ,amazons itself at ?is po9t1 z well z f ! lakes 9 ! neighborhood1 he %\ld return to ! same locality1 in/ead ( *oos+ ano!r region = inve/igation4 ,7 8 object m]ely or ma9ly to become acqua9t$ ) ! endless div]sity ( fi%es he n[ kn[s to exi/ 9 ?is imm5se fre%-wat] bas91 su* a repetition ( specim5s f ! same locality w\ld c]ta9ly be sup]flu\s1 s9ce x is probable t a diff]5t po9t w\ld be m prolific 9 new species4 ,! m]e accumulation ( species is1 h[ev]1 entirely subord9ate to ! object :i* he has kept 9 view ev] s9ce he began 8 pres5t rese>*es1 namely1 t ( asc]ta9+ by direct obs]vation ! geographical range ( ! fi%es1 & det]m9+ :e!r _! migrations are s frequ5t & ext5sive z !y are said to be4 ,i make an extract f ,mr4 ,agassiz's notes on ?is subject4 8,i h be5 frequ5tly told "h t ! fi%es 7 v nomadic1 ! same place be+ occupi$ at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> by diff]5t species4 ,my own inve/igations h l$ me to believe t ^! reports are f\nd$ on imp]fect obs]vations1 & t ! localization ( species is m di/9ct & p]man5t 9 ^! wat]s ?an has be5 suppos$2 _! migrations be+1 inde$1 v limit$1 consi/+ *iefly 9 rov+s f %all[] to deep] wat]s1 & f ^! to %oals aga91 at ^? seasons :5 ! range ( ! %ore 9 ! same wat]-bas9 is affect$ by ! rise & fall ( ! riv]2--t is to say1 ! fi%es f\nd at ! bottom ( a lake cov]+ p]haps a squ>e mile 9 ext5t1 :5 ! wat]s are l[e/1 w appe> ne> ! %ores ( ! same lake :51 at ! season ( high wat]s1 x ext5ds ov] a mu* wid] area4 ,9 ! same way1 fi%es :i* ga!r ne> ! m\? ( a rivulet1 at ! "t ( l[ wat]s1 w be f\nd z high z its orig9 at ! p]iod ( high wat]s2 :ile fi%es :i* inhabit ! l>g] ig>aps on ! sides ( ! ,amazons :5 !y are swoll5 by ! rise ( ! riv]1 may be f\nd 9 ! ,amazons itself :5 ! /ream is l[4 ,!re is n a s+le fi% kn[n to asc5d f ! sea to ! high] c\rses ( ! ,amazons at c]ta9 seasons1 & to return regul>ly to ! ocean4 ,!re is no fi% "h correspond+ to ! salmon1 = in/ance1 :i* asc5ds ! /reams ( ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica to deposit its spawn 9 ! cool head-wat]s ( ! l>g] riv]s1 & !n returns to ! sea4 ,! w&]+s ( ! ,amazonian fi%es are r a result ( ! alt]nate wid5+ & contract+ ( _! range by ! rise & fall ( ! wat]s1 ?an ( a migratory habit2 & may be comp>$ to ! movem5ts ( ^? oceanic fi%es :i*1 at c]ta9 seasons1 seek ! %oals ne> ! %ore1 :ile !y sp5d ! re/ ( ! ye> 9 deep] wat]s4 8,take our %ad z an example4 ,x is caught on ! coa/ ( ,georgia 9 ,febru>y1 on ! ,c>ol9a %ores a little lat]2 9 ,m>* x may be f\nd 9 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore1 next 9 ,philadelphia & ,new ,york2 & x does n make its appe>ance 9 ! ,bo/on m>ket 7except :5 br\ght f f>!r s\?7 be=e ! latt] "p ( ,april1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,?is sequ5ce has l$ to ! belief t ! %ad migrates f ,georgia to ,new ,engl&4 ,an exam9ation ( ! condition ( ^! fi%es1 dur+ ! mon?s :5 !y are sold 9 our m>kets1 %[s at once t ?is _c be ! case4 ,!y are always full ( roe1 &1 be+ valu$ = ! table at ?is p]iod1 !y are br\ght to m>ket at ea* locality until ! spawn+ season is ov]4 ,n[1 z !y _c bre$ twice )9 a few weeks1 x is evid5t t ! %ad :i* make _! appe>ance successively along ! ,atlantic coa/ f ,febru>y to ,may are n ! same4 ,x is ! spr+ :i* migrates nor?w>d1 call+ up ! %oals ( %ad f ! deep] sea1 z x t\*es 9 succession diff]5t po9ts along ! %ore4 ,su* movem5ts1 if ?us connect$ ) ! advanc+ spr+ along a :ole coa/1 appe> to be migrations f s\? to nor?1 :5 !y are1 9 fact1 only ! successive ris+ ( ! same species f deep] to %all[] wat]s at ! bre$+ season4 ,9 ! same way x is probable t ! inequality 9 ! seasons ( rise & fall1 betwe5 ! diff]5t tribut>ies ( ! ,amazons & ! v>i\s p>ts ( its own c\rse1 may give a sequ5ce to ! appe>ance ( ! fi% 9 c]ta9 localities1 :i* seems l migration )\t be+ s1 9 fact4 8,keep+ 9 view all ! in=mation ,i c\ld obta9 ^u ?is subject1 ,i h attempt$1 :]ev] x 0 possible to d s1 to make collections simultane\sly at diff]5t po9ts ( ! ,amazons3 ?us1 :ile ,i 0 collect+ at ,villa ,bella six mon?s ago1 "s ( my assi/ants 7 engag$ 9 ! same way at ,sant>em1 & high] up on ! ,tapajoz2 :ile ,i 0 work+ at ,teff1 p>ties 7 busy 9 ! ,hyav>y1 ! ,ia1 & ! ,hyutahy2 & dur+ my la/ /ay at ,manaos1 p>ties h be5 collect+ at ,cudajas & at ,manacap>u1 & high] up on ! ,rio ,negro1 z well z at "s l[] po9ts on ! ma9 riv]4 ,at "s ( ^! /ations ,i h be5 able to repeat my inve/igations at diff]5t seasons1 ?\gh ! int]vals betwe5 ! e>li] & lat] collections made at ! same localities h1 ( c\rse1 n be5 ! same4 ,betwe5 ! fir/ collections made at ,teff & ! la/1 h>dly two mon?s int]v5$1 :ile ^? made on our fir/ arrival at ,manaos 9 ,septemb] up to ! pres5t "t cov] an int]val ( f\r mon?s2 f ! fir/ to ! la/ at ,villa ,bella m ?an five mon?s w h elaps$4 ,on ?is acc\nt ,i atta* great importance to ! r5ewal ( my inve/igations at t place1 z well z to ! lat] collections f ,obydos1 ,sant>em1 ,monte ,alegre1 ,porto d ,moz1 ,gurup1 ,tajapur1 & ,p>4 ,z f> z ^! comp>isons h gone1 !y %[ t ! di/9ct faun ( ! above-nam$ localities are n ! result ( migrations2 = n only h diff]5t fi%es be5 f\nd 9 all ^! bas9s at ! same "t1 b at diff]5t times ! same fi%es h be5 f\nd to recur 9 ! same bas9s1 :5ev] ! fi%+ 0 c>ri$ on1 n m]ely 9 favor$ localities1 b z f> z possible ov] ! :ole area indiscrim9ately1 9 deep & %oal wat]s4 ,%\ld x prove t at ,p>1 z well z at ! int]v5+ /ations1 aft] an int]val ( six mon?s1 ! fi%es are ?r\gh\t ! same z :5 we asc5d$ ! riv]1 ! evid5ce aga9/ ! suppos$ ext5sive migrations ( ! ,amazonian fi%es w c]ta9ly be v /rong4 ,! /rik+ limitation ( species )9 def9ite areas does n1 h[ev]1 exclude ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 k9ds ( fi% simultane\sly ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,amazonian bas94 ,! ,pir>ucu1 = in/ance1 is f\nd ev]y:]e f ,p]u to ,p>2 & s are a few o!r species m or less ext5sively di/ribut$ ov] :at may be consid]$ di/9ct i*?yological faun4 ,b ^! wide-spread species are n migratory2 !y h normally & p]man5tly a wide range1 j z "s t]re/rial animals h an almo/ cosmopolite "*1 :ile o!rs are circumscrib$ )9 comp>atively n>r[ limits4 ,?\gh mo/ quadrup$s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = in/ance1 diff] f ^? ( ,mexico & ,brazil1 con/itut+ sev]al di/9ct faun1 !re is "o1 ! puma or r$ lion1 ! pan!r ( ! ,nor?1 :i* is f\nd on ! ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ! ,&es1 f ,patagonia to ,canada4 8,! movem5t ( ! wat]s1 :i* affects s p[]fully ! di/ribution ( ! fi%es1 =ms 9 itself a v curi\s ph5om5on4 ,!re is1 z x 71 a rhy?mical correspond5ce 9 ! rise & fall ( ! afflu5ts on ei!r %ore ( ! ,amazons1 caus+ ! great body ( ! wat]1 9 its semiannual tides1 to sway alt]nately m to ! nor? or to ! s\?4 ,on ! s\!rn side ( ! valley1 ! ra9s beg9 9 ! mon?s ( ,septemb] & ,octob]4 ,!y p\r d[n f ! table-l&s ( ,brazil & ! m\nta9s ( ,bolivia ) cumulative =ce1 ga!r+ /r5g? z ! ra9y season progresses1 swell+ ! head-wat]s ( ! ,purus1 ,madeira1 ,tapajoz1 & o!r s\!rn tribut>ies1 & gradually desc5d+ to ! ma9 /ream4 ,! process is a sl[ "o1 h[ev]1 & ! full =ce ( ! new flood is n felt 9 ! ,amazons until ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,dur+ ! mon? ( ,m>*1 9 ! region bel[ ! conflu5ce ( ! ,madeira1 = in/ance1 ! rise ( ! ,amazons av]ages a foot 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 s great is ! quantity ( wat] p\r$ into x4 ,at ab\t ! same p]iod ) ! s\!rn ra9s1 or a little e>li]1 say 9 ! mon?s ( ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 ! sn[s 9 ! ,&es beg9 to melt & fl[ d[n t[>ds ! pla94 ,?is contribution f ! ,cordill]as ( ,p]u & ,equador1 co9cid+ ) t f ! highl&s ( ,brazil & ,bolivia1 swells ! ,amazons 9 its c5tre & on its s\!rn side to su* an ext5t t ! bulk ( ! wat] pu%es nor?w>d1 cr[d+ ^u its nor!rn %ore1 & fl[+ ev5 into ! tribut>ies :i* op5 on t side ( ! riv]1 & are n[ at _! l[e/ ebb4 ,pres5tly1 h[ev]1 ! ra9s on ! table-l&s ( ,guiana1 & on ! nor!rn spurs ( ! ,&es1 :]e ! ra9y season prevails *iefly 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 repeat ! same process 9 _! turn4 ,dur+ ,april & ,may ! nor!rn tribut>ies are ris+1 & !y rea* _! maximum 9 ,june4 ,?us1 at ! end ( ,june1 :5 ! s\!rn riv]s h already fall5 consid]ably1 ! nor!rn riv]s are at _! flood-tide4 ,! ,rio ,negro1 = in/ance1 rises at ,manaos to ab\t =ty-five feet above its l[e/ level4 ,?is mass ( wat] f ! nor? n[ presses aga9/ t 9 ! c5tre1 & be>s x s\?w>d aga94 ,! ra9y season along ! c\rse ( ! ,amazons is f ,decemb] till ,m>*1 correspond+ v ne>ly1 9 ! "t ( ! ye> & 9 duration1 ) our w9t]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! valley ( ! ,amazons is n a valley 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 bord]$ by walls or banks enclos+ ! wat]s :i* fl[ betwe54 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 a pla9 "s sev5 or eight hundr$ miles wide & betwe5 two & ?ree ?\s& miles long1 ) a slope s slight t x h>dly av]ages m ?an a foot 9 t5 miles4 ,betwe5 ,obydos & ! sea-%ore1 a di/ance ( ab\t eight hundr$ miles1 ! fall is only =ty-five feet2 betwe5 ,tabat+a & ! sea-%ore1 a di/ance ( m ?an two ?\s& miles 9 a /raight l9e1 ! fall is ab\t two hundr$ feet4 ,! impression to ! eye is1 !re=e1 t ( an absolute pla92 & ! fl[ ( ! wat] is s g5tle t1 9 _m p>ts ( ! riv]1 x is h>dly p]ceptible4 ,nev]!less1 x has a /eady movem5t ea/w>d1 desc5d+ ! g5tle slope ( ?is wide pla91 f ! ,&es to ! sea2 ?is movem5t1 aid$ by ! int]fl[ f ! s\? & nor? at opposite seasons1 presses ! bulk ( ! wat] to its nor!rnmo/ rea* dur+ our w9t] mon?s1 & to its s\!rnmo/ limit dur+ our summ] mon?s4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! bottom ( ! valley is con/antly %ift+1 & !re is a t5d5cy to =m *annels f ! ma9 riv] to its tribut>ies1 su* z we h se5 to exi/ betwe5 ! ,solimo5s & ! ,rio ,negro1--su* z ,humboldt m5tions betwe5 ! ,hyapura & ! ,amazons4 ,inde$1 all ^! riv]s are b\nd toge!r by an extraord9>y network ( *annels1 =m+ a succession ( natural highways :i* w always make artificial roads1 to a great degree1 unnecess>y4 ,:5ev] ! c\ntry is settl$1 x w be possible to pass f ! ,purus1 = in/ance1 to ! ,madeira1 f ! ,madeira to ! ,tapajoz1 f ! ,tapajoz to ! ,x+u1 & !nce to ! ,tocant9s1 )\t ent]+ ! c\rse ( ! ma9 riv]4 ,! ,indians call ^! passes #8furo1' lit]ally1 a bore1--a passage pi]c$ f "o riv] to ano!r4 ,h]eaft]1 :5 ! int]e/s ( comm]ce claim ?is f]tile1 ov]fl[$ region1 ^! *annels w be ( imm5se advantage = int]communication40 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,desc5d+ ,,! ,,riv] ,,to ,,p>4--,,excursions ,,on ,,! ,,coa/4 ,,f>ewell ,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,great ,,cascade ,,at ,,manaos4--,,*ange ,,9 ,,its ,,aspect4--,,arrival ,,at ,,villa ,,bella4--,,return ,,to ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,fi%]man ,,maia4--,,excursion ,,to ,,! ,,lago ,,maximo4--,,quantity ,,( ,,game ,,& ,,wat]f[l4--,,victoria ,,regia4--,,leave ,,villa ,,bella4--,,arrive ,,at ,,obydos4--,,its ,,situation ,,& ,,geology4--,,sant>em4--,,visit ,,to ,,! ,,*ur*4--,,anecdote ,,( ,,m>tius4--,a ,,r[ ,,ov]l&4--,,monte ,,al,,gre4--,,picturesque ,,sc5]y4--8,,banheiras40--,,excursion ,,into ,,! ,,c\ntry4--,,leave ,,monte ,,al,,gre4--,,anecdote ,,( ,,indians4--,,almeyrim4--,,new ,,geological ,,facts4--,,porto ,,d ,,moz4--,,collections4--,,gurup4--,,taja pur4--,,arrive ,,at ,,p>4--,,religi\s ,,procession4--,,excursion ,,to ,,m>ajo4--,,s\r,s4--,,jesuit ,,missions4--,,geology ,,( ,,m>ajo4--,,buri$ ,,=e/4--,,vigia4--,,ig>ap4--,,vegetation ,,& ,,animal ,,life4--,,geology4--,,return ,,to ,,p>4--,,photograph+ ,,plants4--,,extract ,,f ,,mr4 ,,agassiz',s ,,notes ,,on ,,! ,,vegetation ,,( ,,! ,,amazons4--,,preval5ce ,,( ,,leprosy4 ,janu>y #ae?4--,to-day f9ds u on our way d[n ! ,amazons 9 ! 8,ibicuhy40 ,! day be=e leav+ ,manaos we paid a la/ visit to ! great cascade1 ba!d once m 9 its cool1 delici\s wat]s1 & breakfa/$ by ! side ( ! fall4 ,be=e _m weeks are ov]1 ! cascade w h disappe>$2 x w be dr[n$ out1 z x 71 = ! ig>ap is fill+ rapidly ) ! rise ( ! riv]1 & w soon rea* ! level ( ! s&/one %elf ov] :i* ! wat] is precipitat$4 ,already ! appe>ance ( ! spot is greatly *ang$ s9ce we 7 !re be=e4 ,! banks are ov]fl[$2 ! rocks & logs :i* /ood out f ! wat] are :olly cov]$2 & :]e !re 0 only a brawl+ /ream1 s %all[ t x h>dly af=d$ dep? = ! smalle/ canoe1 !re is n[ a n insignificant riv]4 ,inde$1 ev]y:]e we see signs ( ! *anges wr\ght by ! 8en*5te40 ,! v texture ( ! ,amazons is *ang$2 x is ?ick] & yell[] ?an :5 we asc5d$ x1 & mu* m lad5 ) float+ wood1 deta*$ grasses1 & dbris ( all sorts wa%$ f ! %ore4 ,wild-fl[]s are also m abundant ?an !y 7 :5 we came up ! riv] 9 ,septemb]2 n delicate1 small plants1 gr[+ l[ among moss & grass1 z d our violets1 anemones1 & ! l2 b l>ge blossoms1 cov]+ tall trees1 & resembl+ exotics at home1 by _! ri* color & p[]ful odor4 ,inde$1 ! fl[]s ( ! ,amazonian =e/s always rem9d me ( hot-h\se plants3 & !re (t5 comes a w>m brea? f ! dep?s ( ! woods1 lad5 ) moi/ure & p]fume1 l ! air f ! op5 door ( a cons]vatory4 ,janu>y #ag?4--,we rea*$ ,villa ,bella at eight o'clock ye/]day morn+1 b wait$ !re only a few h\rs to make c]ta9 necess>y arrangem5ts1 & !n kept on to ! m\? ( ! riv] ,ramos1 an h\r's sail f ! t[n1--! same riv] :i* we _h asc5d$ f its upp] po9t ( juncture ) ! ,amazons1 on our excursion to ,mauhes4 ,we an*or$ at a %ort di/ance f ! entrance1 be=e ! h\se ( our old acqua9tances1 ! ,maias1 :]e1 x may be rememb]$1 we pass$ a few days :5 collect+ 9 ?is neighborhood be=e4 ,=tunately1 ,maia himself 0 9 ,manaos :5 we left1 employ$ z a soldi] 9 ! ,national ,gu>d2 & ! ,presid5t k9dly gave him leave to accompany u1 t ,mr4 ,agassiz might h ! advantage ( 8 famili>ity ) ! locality1 & 8 exp]i5ce 9 fi%+4 ,! man himself 0 pleas$ to h an opportunity ( visit+ 8 family1 to :om 8 com+ 0 an agreeable surprise4 ,we w5t on %ore ?is morn+ to make !m a visit1 tak+ ) u "s little s\v5irs1 su* z beads1 tr9kets1 knives1 c4 ,we 7 receiv$ z old fri5ds1 & made welcome to all ! h\se w\ld af=d2 b1 ?\gh z clean z ev]1 x look$ poor] ?an on our =m] visit4 ,i saw nei!r dri$ fi% nor m&ioca nor f>9ha1 & ! woman told me t %e f\nd x v h>d to support h] l>ge family1 n[ t ! husb& & fa!r 0 away4 ,! quantity ( deta*$ grass1 %rubs1 c4 c>ri$ pa/ ! vessel1 z we lie "h at an*or1 is amaz+1--float+ g>d5s1 sometimes half an acre 9 ext5t4 ,"s ( ^! gre5 rafts are inhabit$2 wat]-birds g sail+ by ^u !m1 & l>ge animals are occasionally c>ri$ d[n ! riv] 9 ?is way4 ,! comm&] told me t1 on "o occasion1 :5 an ,engli% vessel 0 ly+ at an*or 9 ! ,p>ana1 "o ( ^! grassy g>d5s 0 se5 com+ d[n ! riv] ) two de] ^u x4 ,! curr5t br\ght x directly aga9/ ! %ip1 & ! capta9 _h only to receive on bo>d ! gue/s :o arriv$ ?us unexpect$ly to dem& 8 hospitality4 ,9 ! same riv] ano!r float+ isl& br\ght ) x a less agreeable inhabitant3 a l>ge tig] _h possess$ himself ( x & 0 sail+ maje/ically ) ! curr5t1 pass+ s ne> ! %ores t he 0 di/9ctly se5 f ! banks2 & p w5t out 9 mont>ias to get a ne>] view ( him1 ?\gh keep+ always at a respectful di/ance4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! plants ?us deta*$ f ! %ore are ! ,can>ana 7a k9d ( wild cane71 a v>iety ( aquatic ,aroides1 ,pi/ia among ! numb]1 ,ecornia1 & a quantity ( graceful float+ ,m>sileace4 ,janu>y #ah?4--,to-day we h be5 on a hunt aft] ! ,victoria regia4 ,we h made con/ant ef=ts to see ?is fam\s lily gr[+ 9 its native wat]s2 b1 ?\gh frequ5tly told t x 0 pl5ty at c]ta9 seasons 9 ! lakes & ig>aps1 we h nev] be5 able to f9d x4 ,ye/]day "s ( ! (fic]s ( ! %ip1 :o _h be5 on an excursion to a neighbor+ lake1 return$ lad5 ) botanical treasures ( all sorts1 &1 among o!r plants1 an imm5se lily-leaf1 :i*1 f its dim5sions1 we judg$ mu/ be ! ,victoria regia1 ?\gh x _h n ! erect edge s *>act]i/ic ( x4 ,?is morn+1 accompani$ by two or ?ree ( ye/]day's p>ty1 :o k9dly und]took to be our guides1 we w5t to visit ! same lake4 ,a %ort walk f ! riv]-bank br\ght u to ! %ore ( a l>ge %eet ( wat]1--! ,lago ,maximo1--:i* connects ) ! ,ramos by a n>r[ outlet1 b at a po9t s di/ant f our an*orage t x w\ld h be5 necess>y to make a great det\r 9 ord] to rea* x 9 a canoe4 ,we f\nd an old mont>ia1 ) "o or two brok5 paddles1 left1 z x seem$1 at ! lake-%ore = :om x might conc]n1 & 9 t we emb>k$ at once4 ,! banks ( ?is lake are bord]$ ) beautiful =e/s1 :i* d n1 h[ev]1 rise imm$iately f ! wat]1 b are divid$ f x by a broad b& ( grass4 ,we saw _m wat]-birds on ?is grassy edge1 z well z on sev]al dead trees1 ! bran*es ( :i* 7 completely cov]$ ) gulls1 all 9 exactly ! same attitude1 fac+ "o way1 to meet ! w9d :i* blew /rongly aga9/ !m4 ,ducks & ciganas 7 pl5ty2 & once or twice we />tl$ up f ! woods small flocks ( mackaws1--n only ! gaudy r$1 gre51 & yell[ species1 b ! f> m beautiful blue mackaw4 ,!y flew by u1 ) _! gorge\s plumage glitt]+ 9 ! sun1 & disappe>$ aga9 among ! trees1 seek+ deep] & m undi/urb$ retreats4 ,f ! re$y grasses came also ! deep note ( ! unicorn1 s greatly priz$ 9 ,brazil1--a l>ge bird1 half wad]1 half f[l1 belong+ to ! g5us ,palam$ea2 b z we 7 only prep>$ = a botaniz+ exp$ition1 we c\ld n avail ourselves ( any ( ! opportunities ?us (f]$2 & ! birds1 h[ev] ne> & tempt+ ! %ots1 _h little to fe> f u4 ,at ! upp] end ( ! lake we came ^u ! b$ ( wat]-lilies f :i* ! trophies ( ye/]day _h be5 ga!r$4 ,! leaves 7 v l>ge1 _m ( !m f f\r to five feet 9 diamet]2 b1 p]haps f hav+ lo/ _! fir/ fre%ness & some?+ !re=e ( _! natural texture1 ! edge ( ! leaf 0 sc>cely p]ceptibly rais$1 & 9 mo/ in/ances lay p]fectly flat ^u ! wat]4 ,we f\nd buds1 b no p]fect fl[]4 ,9 ! aft]noon1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! daught]s ( our fi%]man ,maia1 he>+ t we wi%$ to see "o ( ! fl[]s1 br\ght u a v p]fect specim5 f ano!r m di/ant locality1 :i* we _h n "t to visit4 ,! ,indians1 by ! way1 h a *>act]i/ic "n = ! leaf4 ,!y call x 8=no10 on acc\nt ( its resemblance to ! imm5se %all[ pans 9 :i* !y bake _! f>9ha ov] ! m&ioca ov5s4 ,! ,victoria regia1 ) its =midable armor ( sp9es1 its gigantic leaves1 & beautiful fl[]s1 deep5+ 9 color f ! velvety :ite out] leaves ?r\gh e %ade ( rose to deepe/ crimson1 & fad+ aga9 to a creamy1 yell[i% t9t 9 ! he>t ( ! fl[]1 has be5 describ$ s (t5 t ,i h>dly d>e dwell ^u x1 = fe> ( we>y+ ! read]4 ,& yet we c\ld n see x gr[+ 9 its native wat]s--a type1 z x 71 ( ! luxuriance ( tropical nature--)\t ! deepe/ int]e/4 ,wond]ful z x is :5 se5 9 ! tank ( a gre5h\se1 & p]haps ev5 m impressive1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 f its isolation1 9 its own home x has ! *>m ( h>mony ) all t surr\nds x1--) ! d5se mass ( =e/1 ) palm & p>asite1 ) birds ( gl[+ plumage1 ) insects ( all bright & wond]ful t9ts1 & ) fi%es :i*1 ?\gh hidd5 9 ! wat] b5ea? x1 are n less brilliant & v>i$ ?an ! _w ( life above4 ,i d n rememb] to h se5 an allusion1 9 any description1 to ! beautiful device by :i* ! :ole imm5se surface ( ! adult leaf is conta9$ )9 ! small] dim5sions ( ! "y "o2 ?\gh x is well wor? notice1 z "o ( ! neate/ specim5s ( ,nature's pack+4 ,all "k ! heavy scaffold+ ( ribs by :i* ! colossal leaf1 :5 full gr[n1 is support$ on its "u side4 ,9 ! "y leaf ^! ribs are comp>atively small1 b ! :ole gre5 expanse ( ! adult leaf is ga!r$ 9 betwe5 !m 9 regul> r[s ( delicate puff+s4 ,at ?is p]iod1 ! leaf is f> bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 gr[+ sl[ly up f ! base ( ! /ock f :i* x spr+s4 ,?us drawn up1 x has ! =m ( a deep cup or vase2 b 9 proportion z ! ribs gr[1 _! ramifications /ret*+ 9 e direction1 ! leaf lets out "o by "o its little folds1 to fill ! ev]-wid5+ spaces2 till at la/1 :5 x rea*es ! surface ( ! wat]1 x re/s horizontally above x1 )\t a wr9kle4 ,mr4 ,agassiz caus$ sev]al /ocks to be dragg$ up f ! bottom 7no easy matt]1 on acc\nt ( ! sp9es71 & f\nd ! leaf-buds j />t+ betwe5 ! roots1--little :ite caps1 n m ?an half an in* 9 height4 ,!re 0 ano!r lily gr[+ 9 ?is lake1 :i*1 ?\gh dim9utive by ! side ( ! ,victoria1 w\ld be a giant among our wat]-lilies4 ,! leaf measur$ m ?an a foot 9 diamet]1 & 0 slightly scollop$ ar\nd ! edge4 ,!re 7 no op5 fl[]s1 b ! clos$ buds resembl$ ^? ( our common :ite wat]-lilies1 & 7 no l>g]4 ,! /alk & ribs1 unlike ^? ( ! ,victoria1 7 q smoo?1 & free f ?orns4 ,aft] our visit to ! lilies1 we paddl$ 9 among ! trees along ! ov]fl[$ m>g9 ( ! lake1 9 ord] t ! boatm5 might cut d[n sev]al palms new to u4 ,:ile wait+ "u ! trees 9 ! boat1 we _h cause to admire ! v>iety & beauty ( ! insects flutt]+ ab\t u2 ! l>ge blue butt]flies 7,morpho71 & ! brilliant dragon-flies1 ) crimson bodies & burni%$ w+s1 glitt]+ ) metallic lu/re4#hh ,janu>y #ba/4--,obydos4 ,we left ,villa ,bella ye/]day ) a l>ge collection ( fi%es1 & "s valuable additions to ! collection ( palms4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! fi% collections1 bo? f ! riv] ,ramos & ! ,lago ,maximo1 %[s ! faun to be ! same n[ z :5 we 7 "h five mon?s ago4 ,c]ta9ly1 dur+ ?is int]val1 migration has _h no p]ceptible influ5ce ^u ! di/ribution ( life 9 ^! wat]s4 ,leav+ ,villa ,bella at night1 we rea*$ ,obydos e>ly ?is morn+4 ,?is pretty t[n is "o ( ! mo/ picturesque 9 position1 on ! ,amazons4 ,x /&s on a /eep bluff1 comm&+ an ext5sive view ( ! riv] we/ & ea/1 & is "o ( ! few po9ts at :i* ! s\!rn & nor!rn %ores are se5 at ! same "t4 ,! bluff ( ,obydos is cr[n$ by a =tress1 :i* has /ood "h = _m ye>s )\t occasion to te/ its p[]4 ,x may be d\bt$ :e!r x w\ld be v effectual 9 b>r+ ! riv] aga9/ a ho/ile =ce1 inasmu* z its guns1 ?\gh !y c>ry p]fectly well to ! opposite side1 are p[]less ne>] home4 ,! slope ( ! cliff on :i* ! =tress /&s int]v5es betwe5 x & ! wat] bel[1 s t by keep+ well 9 to %ore ! enemy c\ld pass ) impunity imm$iately "u ! guns4 ,! hill consi/s entirely ( ! same r$ drift s con/antly recurr+ on ! banks ( ! ,amazons & its tribut>ies4 ,"h x is m full ( pebbles ?an at ,manaos or at ,teff2 & we saw ^! pebbles dispos$ 9 l9es or horizontal b$s1 su* z are f\nd 9 ! same deposit along ! coa/ & 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio4 ,! city ( ,obydos is prettily laid out1 its environs are v picturesque1 its soil extremely f]tile2 b x has ! same aspect ( neglect & hopeless inactivity s pa9fully /rik+ 9 all ! ,amazonian t[ns4 ,janu>y #bc;d4 ,ye/]day1 9 ! e>ly morn+1 we arriv$ at ,sant>em1 & w5t on %ore = a walk at half pa/ sev54 ,! t[n /&s on a po9t ( l& divid+ ! black wat]s ( ! ,tapajoz1 on ! "o side1 f ! yell[ flood ( ! ,amazons on ! o!r1 & has a v attractive situation1 enhanc$ by its backgr\nd ( hills /ret*+ away to ! ea/w>d4 ,our fir/ visit 0 to ! *ur*1 front+ on ! bea* & /&+ invit+ly op54 ,we _h1 h[ev]1 a special object 9 ent]+ x4 ,9 #ahai ,m>tius1 ! naturali/1 on 8 voyage ( exploration on ! ,amazons1 s9ce made fam\s by 8 great "w on ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,brazil1 0 wreck$ (f ! t[n ( ,sant>em1 & ne>ly lo/ 8 life4 ,9 8 great dang] he took a v[ to record 8 gratitude1 %\ld he live1 by mak+ a gift to ! *ur* ( ,sant>em4 ,aft] 8 return to ,europe1 he s5t f ,muni* a full-l5g? figure ( ,*ri/ ^u ! cross1 :i* n[ hangs aga9/ ! wall1 ) a simple inscription und]nea?1 tell+ 9 a few words ! /ory ( 8 p]il1 8 deliv]ance1 & 8 gratitude4 ,z a "w ( art x has no special value1 b x attracts _m p]sons to ! *ur* :o nev] he>d ( ,m>tius or 8 fam\s j\rney2 & to ,mr4 ,agassiz x 0 especially int]e/+1 z connect$ ) ! travels & dang]s ( 8 old fri5d & tea*]4 ,aft] a walk ?r\gh ! t[n1 :i* is built ) m c>e1 & conta9s "s h\ses hav+ m pret5sions to com=t & elegance ?an we h se5 else:]e on ! ,amazons1 we return$ to ! %ip = breakfa/4 ,at a lat] h\r we w5t on a v pleasant canoe excursion to ! o!r side ( ! ,tapajoz1 aga9 9 se>* ( ! ,victoria regia1 said to gr[ 9 great p]fection 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,our guide 0 ,s5hor ,joa*im ,rodriguez1 to :om ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 indebt$ = mu* p]sonal k9dness1 z well z = a v valuable collection made s9ce we /opp$ "h on our way up ! riv]1 p>tly by himself & p>tly by 8 son1 a bright boy ( "s ?irte5 ye>s ( age4 ,cross+ to ! opposite side ( ! riv]1 we came ^u a va/ field ( co>se1 high grass1 look+ l an ext5sive mead[4 ,to our surprise1 ! boatm5 turn$ ! canoe into ?is gre5 field1 & we f\nd ourselves app>5tly navigat+ ! l&1 = ! n>r[ boat-pa? 0 entirely conceal$ by ! long re$y grasses & tall mall[-plants ) l>ge p9k blossoms ris+ on ei!r side1 & completely hid+ ! wat] bel[4 ,?is m>%y1 ov]fl[$ gr\nd1 above :i* ! wat] _h a dep? ( f f\r to six feet1 0 full ( life4 ,z ! r[]s pu%$ our canoe ?r\gh ! mass ( grass & fl[]s1 ,mr4 ,agassiz ga!r$ f ! blades & /alks all sorts ( creatures2 small bright-color$ toads ( sev]al k9ds1 gras%opp]s1 beetles1 dragon-flies1 aquatic snails1 bun*es ( eggs1--9 %ort1 an endless v>iety ( liv+ ?+s1 mo/ int]e/+ to ! naturali/4 ,! h>ve/ 0 s pl5tiful t we _h only to put out our h&s & ga!r x2 ! o>sm51 :5 !y saw ,mr4 ,agassiz's en?usiasm1 became almo/ z int]e/$ z he 02 & he _h soon a l>ge j> fill$ ) objects q new to him4 ,aft] navigat+ ^! mead[s = "s "t1 we came ^u op5 wat]-spaces :]e ! ,victoria regia 0 gr[+ 9 great p]fection4 ,! specim5s 7 mu* f9] ?an ^? we _h se5 be=e 9 ! ,lago ,maximo4 ,"o leaf measur$ five feet & a half 9 diamet]1 & ano!r five feet1 ! erect edge be+ ?ree in*es & a half 9 height4 ,a numb] ( leaves grew f ! same /alk2 & se5 ?us toge!r !y are v beautiful1 ! bright rose-color ( ! out] edge contra/+ ) ! vivid gre5 ( ! inn] surface ( ! leaf4 ,z be=e1 !re 7 no op5 fl[]s to be se52 ,s5hor ,rodriguez told u t !y are cut by ! fi%]m5 almo/ z soon z !y op54 ,:5 ,mr4 ,agassiz express$ a wi% to get ! roots1 two ( our boatm5 plung$ into ! wat] ) an alacrity :i* surpris$ me1 z we _h j be5 told t ^! m>%es are ! haunts ( ,jac>s4 ,!y took turns 9 div+ to dig up ! plants1 & succe$$ 9 br++ to ! surface ?ree l>ge /alks1 "o ) a fl[]-bud4 ,we return$ well pleas$ ) our r[ ov]l&4 ,our live-/ock is increas+ z we desc5d ! riv]1 & we h n[ q a m5ag]ie on bo>d2 a numb] ( p>rots1 half a doz5 monkeys1 two exquisite little de] f ! region ( ,monte ,algre1 & sev]al ,agamis1 z tame & g5tle z b>n-y>d f[ls1 /epp+ ab\t ! deck ) graceful1 da9ty tread1 & fe$+ f ! h&4 ,_! voices are s+ul>ly h>%1 h[ev]1 & out ( keep+ ) _! pretty looks & ways4 ,e n[ & !n !y raise _! heads1 /ret* _! long necks1 & utt] a l\d1 gurgl+ s\nd1 m l ! roll ( a drum ?an ! note ( a bird4 ,la/1 b n lea/1 we h a slo? on bo>d1 ! mo/ fasc9at+ ( all our pets to me1 n c]ta9ly = 8 *>ms1 b = 8 oddities4 ,i am nev] tir$ ( wat*+ him1 he looks s delici\sly lazy4 ,8 head sunk 9 8 arms1 8 :ole attitude lax & indiff]5t1 he seems to ask only = re/4 ,if y pu% him1 or if1 z (t5 happ5s1 a pass]-by gives him a sm>t tap to ar\se him1 he lifts 8 head & drops 8 arms s sl[ly1 s delib]ately1 t !y h>dly seem to move1 raises 8 heavy lids & lets 8 l>ge eyes re/ ^u y\r face = a mom5t ) appeal+1 hopeless indol5ce2 !n ! lids fall s(tly1 ! head droops1 ! arms fold heavily ab\t x1 & he collapses aga9 into absolute repose4 ,?is mute remon/rance is ! ne>e/ approa* to activity ,i h se5 him make4 ,^! live animals are n all a "p ( ! sci5tific collections2 _m ( !m belong to ! capta9 & (fic]s4 ,! ,brazilians are exce$+ly fond ( pets1 & almo/ e h\se has its monkeys1 its p>rots1 & o!r tame animals & birds4 ,janu>y #bf?4--,monte ,algre4 ,leav+ ,sant>em on ,tuesday we arriv$ "h on ,w$nesday morn+1 &1 z on our =m] visit1 7 receiv$ mo/ hospitably at ! h\se ( ,s5hor ,manuel4 ,mr4 ,agassiz & ,mr4 ,c\t9ho h gone on a geologiz+ excursion to ! ,s]ra d',er]1 t picturesque range ( hills b\nd+ ! campos1 or op5 s&y pla91 to ! nor?we/ ( ! t[n4 ,!y took diff]5t r\tes1 ,major ,c\t9ho1 ) ,capta9 ,f>ia & "o or two o!r fri5ds1 cross+ ! campos on horseback1 :ile ,mr4 ,agassiz w5t by canoe4 ,!y w meet at ! foot ( ! ,s]ra1 & pass two or ?ree days 9 t neighborhood4 ,little is z yet kn[n ( ! geological /ructure ( ! ,amazonian ,s]ras1--^? ( ,sant>em1 ( ,monte ,algre1 & ( ,almeyrim4 ,g5]ally !y h be5 consid]$ z prolongations ei!r ( ! table-l& ( ,guiana on ! nor?1 or t ( ,brazil on ! s\?4 ,mr4 ,agassiz believes !m to be indep5d5t ( bo?1 & m directly connect$ ) ! =mation ( ! ,amazonian ,valley itself4 ,! solution ( ?is "q is 8 special object1 :ile ,major ,c\t9ho has tak5 b>omet]s to det]m9e ! height ( ! range4 ,9 ! mean "t1 ,i am pass+ a few quiet days "h1 le>n+ to be m famili> ) ! sc5]y ( a region v ju/ly call$ "o ( ! mo/ picturesque on ! bord]s ( ! ,amazons4 ,n only are ! views ext5sive1 b ! friable nature ( ! soil1 s easily decompos$1 comb9$ ) ! heavy ra9s1 has l$ to ! =mation ( a v>iety ( picturesque dells & holl[s1 "s ( :i* h spr+s runn+ into !m1 surr\nd$ by rocky banks & ov]hung ) trees4 ,"o ( ^! is especially pretty2 ! excavation is l>ge1 & has ! =m ( an amphi!atre2 its rocky walls are cr[n$ ) l>ge =e/-trees1 palms1 mimosas1 etc41 mak+ a deep %ade2 & at "o side ! spr+ fl[s d[n f ! top ( ! cliff1 ) a pleasant ripple4 ,"h ! negro or ,indian s]vants come to fill _! wat]-j>s4 ,!y (t5 h ) !m ! *ildr5 "u _! *>ge2 & y may sometimes see ! l>ge r$ j>s /&+ "u ! m\? ( ! spr+ above1 :ile :ite babies & d>k nurses spla% ab\t 9 ! cool wat]-bas9 bel[4 ,al?\gh 9 ! campos ! gr[? is l[1 & ! soil b scantily cov]$ ) co>se grass & %rubs1 yet1 9 "s localities1 & especially 9 ! neighborhood ( ! t[n1 ! =e/ is beautiful4 ,we h se5 n[h]e l>g] & m luxuriant mimosas1 sometimes ( a gre5 s ri* & deep1 & a foliage s close t x is difficult to believe1 at a di/ance1 t its d5se mass is =m$ by ! light1 p9nate leaves ( a s5sitive plant4 ,! palms are also v l(ty & num]\s1 includ+ "s k9ds :i* we h n met be=e4 ,janu>y #bh?4--,ye/]day our k9d ho/ arrang$ an excursion into ! c\ntry1 = my especial pleasure1 t ,i might see some?+ ( ! *>act]i/ic amusem5ts ( ,monte ,algre4 ,"o or two neighbors jo9$ u1 & ! *ildr51 a ho/ ( happy little folks1 = :om any?+ out ( ! common t5or ( e-day life is 8fe/a10 7 n left beh9d4 ,we />t$ on foot to walk out into a v picturesque ,indian village call$ ,surubiju4 ,"h we 7 to breakfa/1 return+ aft]w>ds 9 "o ( ! heavy c>ts drawn by ox51 ! only conveyance = wom5 & *ildr5 9 a c\ntry :]e a c>riage-road & a side-saddle are equally unkn[n4 ,our walk 0 v pleasant1 p>tly ?r\gh ! woods1 p>tly ?r\gh ! campos2 b z x 0 e>ly 9 ! day1 we did n miss ! %ade :5 we *anc$ to leave ! trees4 ,we l+]$ by ! wayside1 ! *ildr5 /opp+ to ga!r wild fruits1 ( :i* !re 7 a numb] on ! road1 & to help me 9 mak+ a collection ( plants4 ,x 0 ab\t n9e o'clock :5 we rea*$ ! fir/ /raw-h\se1 :]e we /opp$ to re/4 ,?\gh x has no long] ! *>m ( novelty = me1 ,i am always glad to visit an ,indian cottage4 ,y f9d a cordial welcome2 ! be/ hammock1 ! coole/ corn]1 & a cuia ( fre% wat] are ready = y4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 ! h\ses ( ! ,indians are also m tidy ?an ^? ( ! :ites2 & !re is a c]ta9 *>m ( picturesqu5ess ab\t !m :i* nev] we>s (f4 ,aft] a %ort re/1 we w5t on ?r\gh ! settlem5t1 :]e ! sitios are scatt]$ at consid]able di/ances1 & s completely surr\nd$ by trees t !y seem q isolat$ 9 ! =e/4 ,al?\gh ! ,indians are said to be a lazy p1 & are unque/ionably fitful & irregul> 9 _! habits ( "w1 9 almo/ all ^! h\ses "s *>act]i/ic occupation 0 go+ on4 ,9 two or ?ree ! wom5 7 mak+ hammocks1 9 "o a boy 0 plait+ ! leaves ( ! ,curua palm into a tolda = 8 canoe1 9 ano!r ! inmates 7 mak+ a co>se k9d ( pott]y2 & 9 /ill ano!r a woman1 :o is q fam\s 9 ! neighborhood = h] skill 9 ! art1 0 pa9t+ cuias4 ,x 0 ! fir/ "t ,i _h se5 ! prep>$ colors made f a c]ta9 k9d ( clay f\nd 9 ! ,s]ra4 ,x is j ! c>nival season1 &1 z e "o has a "r to play pranks on 8 neighbors1 we did n get (f )\t mak+ a clos] acqua9tance ?an 0 altoge!r pleasant ) ! ru/ic arti/'s colors4 ,z we 7 leav+ ! cottage1 %e d>t$ out ^u u1 h] h&s full ( blue & r$ pa9ts4 ,if !y _h be5 tomahawks1 !y c\ld n h produc$ a m sudd5 r\t2 & x 0 a complete sauve qui peut ( ! :ole company across ! little bridge :i* l$ to ! h\se4 ,z a /rang]1 ,i 0 sp>$2 b all 7 n =tunate en\gh to escape1 & "s ( ! *ildr5 c>ri$ _! blue & r$ badges to ! end ( ! day4 ,! prettie/ ( all ^! =e/ sitios 0 "o at ! bottom ( a deep dell1 rea*$ by a /eep1 w9d+ pa? ?r\gh a magnific5t wood ab\nd+ 9 palms4 ,b ?\gh ! situation 0 mo/ picturesque1 ! sickly appe>ance ( ! *ildr5 & ! acc\nts ( prevail+ illness %[$ t ! locality 0 too l[ & damp to be heal?ful4 ,aft] a v pleasant ramble we return$ to breakfa/ at our fir/ re/+-place1 & at ab\t "o o'clock />t$ = t[n 9 two ox-c>ts :i* _h come out to meet u4 ,!y consi/ only ( a floor set on v heavy1 creak+ wood5 :eels1 :i*1 f _! primitive1 clumsy "*1 w\ld seem to be ! fir/ :eels ev] inv5t$4 ,on ! floor a /raw-mat 0 spread1 an awn+ 0 /ret*$ ov] a light scaffold+ above1 & we 7 soon /[$ away 9 our primitive vehicle1 & _h a v gay & pleasant ride back to t[n4 ,ye/]day ev5+ ,mr4 ,agassiz return$ f 8 excursion to ! ,s]ra ,er]4 ,i add "h a little acc\nt ( ! j\rney1 writt5 out f 8 notes1 & conta9+ "s rem>ks on ! g5]al aspect ( ! c\ntry1 its vegetation & animals4 ,a summ>y ( ! geological results ( ! excursion w be f\nd 9 a sep>ate *apt] at ! close ( our ,amazonian j\rney4 8,i />t$ be=e daylight2 b z ! dawn began to r$d5 ! sky l>ge flocks ( ducks1 & ( ! small ,amazonian goose1 might be se5 fly+ t[>ds ! lakes4 ,"h & !re a cormorant sat alone on ! bran* ( a dead tree1 or a k+fi%] pois$ himself ov] ! wat]1 wat*+ = 8 prey4 ,num]\s gulls 7 ga!r$ 9 l>ge companies on ! trees along ! riv]-%ore2 alligators lay on its surface1 div+ ) a sudd5 pla% at ! approa* ( our canoe2 & occasionally a porpoise em]g$ f ! wat]1 %[+ himself = a mom5t & !n disappe>+ aga94 ,sometimes we />tl$ a h]d ( capiv>as1 re/+ on ! wat]'s edge2 & once we saw a slo?1 sitt+ ^u ! bran* ( an ,imbauba tree 7,cecropia71 roll$ up 9 its peculi> attitude1 ! v picture ( indol5ce1 ) its head sunk betwe5 its arms4 ,mu* ( ! riv]-%ore consi/$ ( l[1 alluvial l&1 & 0 cov]$ ) t peculi> & beautiful grass kn[n z ,capim2 ?is grass makes an excell5t pa/urage = cattle1 & ! abundance ( x 9 ?is region r5d]s ! di/rict ( ,monte ,algre v favorable = agricultural purposes4 ,"h & !re1 :]e ! r$-clay soil rose above ! level ( ! wat]1 a palm-?at*$ cab9 /ood on ! l[ bluff1 ) a few trees ab\t x4 ,su* a h\se 0 usually ! c5tre ( a cattle-f>m1 & l>ge h]ds might be se5 graz+ 9 ! adjo9+ fields4 ,along ! riv]-banks1 :]e ! c\ntry is *iefly op51 ) ext5sive l[1 m>%y gr\nds1 ! only palm to be se5 is ! ,m>aja 7,geonoma74 ,aft] keep+ along ! ,rio ,gurupatuba = "s di/ance1 we turn$ to ! "r into a n>r[ /ream1 :i* has ! "* ( an ig>ap 9 its l[] c\rse1 ?\gh high] up x dra9s ! c\ntry betwe5 ! s]ra ( ,er] & t ( ,tajury1 & assumes ! appe>ance ( a small riv]4 ,x is nam$ aft] ! s]ra1 & is kn[n z ! ,rio ,er]4 ,?is /ream1 n>r[ & picturesque1 & (t5 s ov]gr[n ) capim t ! canoe pursu$ its c\rse ) difficulty1 pass$ ?r\gh a magnific5t =e/ ( ! beautiful fan-palm1 call$ ! ,miriti 7,mauritia flexuosa74 ,?is =e/ /ret*$ = miles1 ov]%ad[+1 z a k9d ( und]bru%1 _m small] trees & innum]able %rubs1 "s ( :i* bore bright1 conspicu\s fl[]s4 ,x seem$ to me a /range spectacle1--a =e/ ( monocotyl$on\s trees ) a dicotyl$on\s und]gr[?2 ! inf]ior plants ?us t[]+ above & %elt]+ ! sup]ior ones4 ,among ! l[] trees 7 _m ,legum9os1--"o ( ! mo/ /rik+1 call$ ,fava1 hav+ a colossal pod4 ,! :ole mass ( vegetation 0 wov5 toge!r by innum]able lianas & creep+ v9es1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! fl[]s ( ! ,bignonia1 ) its op51 trumpet-%ap$ corolla1 7 conspicu\s4 ,! capim 0 bright ) ! blossoms ( ! mall[1 gr[+ 9 its mid/2 & 0 (t5 edg$ ) ! broad-leav$ ,an+a1 a l>ge aquatic ,arum4 8,?r\gh su* a =e/1 :]e ! animal life 0 no less ri* & v>i$ ?an ! vegetation1 our boat glid$ sl[ly = h\rs4 ,! numb] & v>iety ( birds /ruck me ) a/oni%m5t4 ,! co>se1 s$gy grasses on ei!r side 7 full ( wat] birds1 "o ( ! mo/ common ( :i* 0 a small *e/nut-br[n wad+ bird1 ! ,jaana 7,p>ra71 ^: toes are imm5sely long 9 proportion to its size1 enabl+ x to run ^u ! surface ( ! aquatic vegetation1 z if x 7 solid gr\nd4 ,x 0 n[ ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 _! bre$+ season2 & at e turn ( ! boat we />t$ !m up 9 pairs4 ,_! flat1 op5 ne/s g5]ally conta9$ five fle%-color$ eggs1 /reak$ 9 zigzag ) d>k br[n l9es4 ,! o!r wad]s 7 a sn[-:ite h]on1 ano!r a%-color$1 small] species1 & a l>ge :ite /ork4 ,! a%-color$ h]ons 7 always 9 pairs2 ! :ite ones always s+le1 /&+ quiet & alone on ! edge ( ! wat]1 or half hidd5 9 ! gre5 capim4 ,! trees & bu%es 7 full ( small w>bl]-l birds1 :i* x w\ld be difficult to *>act]ize sep>ately4 ,to ! ord9>y obs]v] !y might seem l ! small birds ( our woods2 b !re 0 "o species among !m :i* attract$ my att5tion by its numb]s1 & also because x builds ! mo/ extraord9>y ne/1 consid]+ ! size ( ! bird itself1 t ,i h ev] se54 ,x is kn[n among ! c\ntry p by two names1 z ! ,p$reiro or ! ,=neiro2 bo? names ref]r+1 z w be se51 to ! nature ( its habitation4 ,?is s+ul> ne/ is built ( clay1 & is z h>d z /one 7p$ra71 :ile x has ! =m ( ! r\nd m&ioca ov5 7=no7 9 :i* ! c\ntry p prep>e _! f>9ha1 or fl\r1 made f ! m&ioca root4 ,x is ab\t a foot 9 diamet]1 & /&s edgewise ^u a bran*1 or 9 ! crot* ( a tree4 ,among ! small] birds ,i notic$ bright ,tanag]s1 & also a species resembl+ ! ,can>y4 ,besides ^!1 !re 7 ! wagtails2 ! black & :ite wid[-f9*es2 ! hang-ne/s1 or ,japi1 z !y are call$ "h1 ) _! p5d5t1 bag-l dwell+s1 & ! famili> 8,bem ti vi40 ,humm+-birds1 :i* we are always apt to associate ) tropical vegetation1 7 v sc>ce4 ,i saw b a few specim5s4 ,?ru%es & doves 7 m frequ5t1 & ,i notic$ also ?ree or f\r k9ds ( woodpeck]s1 beside p>rots & p>oquets2 ( ^! latt] !re 7 c\ntless numb]s along our canoe pa?1 fly+ ov]head 9 d5se cr[ds1 & at times dr[n+ e o!r s\nd 9 _! high1 noisy *att]4 8,"s ( ^! birds made a deep impression ^u me4 ,inde$1 9 all regions1 h[ev] f> away f 8 own home1 9 ! mid/ ( a fauna & flora entirely new to him1 ! travell] is />tl$ occasionally by ! song ( a bird or ! sight ( a fl[] s famili> t x transports him at once to woods :]e e tree is l a fri5d to him4 ,x seems z if some?+ ak9 to :at 9 our own m5tal exp]i5ce we call rem9isc5ce or association exi/$ 9 ! work+s ( ,nature2 = ?\gh ! organic comb9ations are s di/9ct 9 diff]5t climates & c\ntries1 !y nev] :olly exclude ea* o!r4 ,e zological & botanical prov9ce reta9s "s l9k :i* b9ds x to all ! o!rs1 & makes x "p ( ! g5]al h>mony4 ,! ,arctic li*5 is f\nd gr[+ "u ! %ad[ ( ! palm on ! rocks ( ! tropical s]ra2 & ! song ( ! ?ru% & ! tap ( ! woodpeck] m+le ) ! %>p1 discordant cries ( ! p>rot & p>oquet4 8,birds ( prey1 also1 7 n want+4 ,among !m 0 "o ab\t ! size ( our kite1 & call$ ! ,r$ ,hawk1 :i* 0 s tame t1 ev5 :5 our canoe pass$ imm$iately "u ! l[ bran* on :i* he 0 sitt+1 he did n fly away4 ,b1 ( all ! gr\ps ( birds1 ! mo/ /rik+ z comp>$ ) correspond+ gr\ps 9 ! temp]ate zone1 & ! "o :i* rem9d$ me ! mo/ di/9ctly ( ! fact t e region has its peculi> animal _w1 0 t ( ! gall9ace\s birds4 ,! mo/ frequ5t is ! ,cigana1 to be se5 9 gr\ps ( fifte5 or tw5ty1 p]*$ ^u trees ov]hang+ ! wat]1 & fe$+ ^u b]ries4 ,at night !y roo/ 9 pairs1 b 9 ! daytime are always 9 l>g] companies4 ,9 _! appe>ance !y h some?+ ( ! "* ( bo? ! pheasant & peacock1 & yet d n closely resemble ei!r4 ,x is a curi\s fact1 t1 ) ! exception ( "s small p>tridge-l gall9ace\s birds1 all ! repres5tatives ( ?is family 9 ,brazil1 & especially 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 belong to types :i* d n exi/ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,"h we f9d nei!r pheasants1 nor cocks ( ! woods1 nor gr\se2 b 9 _! place ab\nd ! ,mutum1 ! ,jacu1 ! ,jacami1 & ! ,unicorn 7,crax1 ,p5elope1 ,psophia1 & ,palam$ea71 all ( :i* are s remote f ! gall9ace\s types f\nd f>!r nor? t !y rem9d "o q z mu* ( ! bu/>d1 & o!r o/ri*-l birds1 z ( ! h5 & pheasant4 ,!y diff] also f nor!rn gall9ace\s birds 9 ! great] uni=mity ( ! sexes1 none ( !m exhibit+ ^? /rik+ diff]5ces betwe5 ! males & females :i* we see 9 ! pheasants1 ! cocks ( ! woods1 & 9 our b>n-y>d f[ls1 ?\gh ! plumage ( ! "y has ! yell[i%-mottl$ color di/+ui%+ ! females ( mo/ species ( ?is family4 ,:ile birds ab\nd$ 9 su* numb]s1 insects 7 r sc>ce4 ,i saw b few & small butt]flies1 & beetles 7 /ill m r>e4 ,! mo/ num]\s insects 7 ! dragon-flies1--"s ) crimson bodies1 black heads1 & burni%$ w+s2 o!rs ) l>ge gre5 bodies1 cross$ by blue b&s4 ,( l&-%ells ,i saw b "o1 creep+ along ! re$s2 & ( wat]-%ells ,i ga!r$ only a few small ,ampull>i4 8,hav+ asc5d$ ! riv] to a po9t ne>ly on a l9e ) ! s]ra1 ,i l&$1 & /ruck across ! campos on foot4 ,"h ,i ent]$ ^u an entirely diff]5t region1--a dry1 op5 pla91 ) scanty vegetation4 ,! mo/ prom95t plants 7 clu/]s ( ,cacti & ,curua palms1 a k9d ( /emless1 l[ palm1 ) broad1 elegant leaves spr++ vase-l f ! gr\nd4 ,9 ^! dry1 s&y fields1 ris+ gradually t[>d ! s]ra1 ,i obs]v$ 9 ! deep] gullies =m$ by ! heavy ra9s ! lam9at$ clays :i* are ev]y:]e ! f\ndation ( ! ,amazonian /rata4 ,!y "h pres5t$ aga9 s mu* ! "* ( ord9>y clay-slates t ,i ?\ght ,i _h at la/ come ^u "s old geological =mation4 ,in/ead ( ?is ,i only obta9$ fre% evid5ce t1 by bak+ !m1 ! burn+ sun ( ! tropics may produce ^u lam9at$ clays ( rec5t orig9 ! same effect z plutonic ag5cies h produc$ ^u ! anci5t clays1--t is1 x may *ange !m into metamorphic slates4 ,z ,i approa*$ ! s]ra1 ,i 0 aga9 rem9d$ h[1 "u ! mo/ dissimil> circum/ances1 simil> features recur ev]y:]e 9 nature4 ,i came sudd5ly ^u a little creek1 bord]$ ) ! usual vegetation ( su* %all[ wat]-c\rses1 & on its br9k /ood a s&-pip]1 :i* flew away at my approa*1 utt]+ its peculi> cry1 s l :at we he> at home t1 _h ,i n se5 him1 ,i %\ld h recogniz$ him by 8 voice4 ,aft] an h\r's walk "u ! scor*+ sun1 ,i 0 glad to f9d myself at ! hamlet ( ,er]1 ne> ! foot ( ! s]ra1 :]e ,i rejo9$ my companions4 ,?is is almo/ ! only occasion 9 all my ,amazonian j\rney :5 ,i h pass$ a day 9 ! pure enjoym5t ( nature1 )\t ! labor ( collect+1 :i* 9 ?is hot climate1 :]e specim5s require su* imm$iate & con/ant att5tion1 is v great4 ,i le>n$ h[ ri* a s+le day may be 9 ?is wond]ful tropical _w1 if "o's eyes are only op5 to ! weal? ( animal & vegetable life4 ,inde$1 a few h\rs s sp5t 9 ! field1 9 simply wat*+ animals & plants1 tea*es m ( ! di/ribution ( life ?an a mon? ( closet /udy2 = "u su* circum/ances all ?+s are se5 9 _! true relations4 ,unhappily1 x is n easy to pres5t ! picture z a :ole2 = all our writt5 descriptions are m or less dep5d5t on nom5clature1 & ! local names are h>dly kn[n out ( ! di/ricts :]e !y belong1 :ile sy/ematic names are famili> to few40 ,janu>y #cj?4--,on bo>d ! 8,ibicuhy40 ,ye/]day we p>t$ f our k9d ho/s1 & bade good by to ,monte ,algre4 ,i %all long reta9 a picture1 half pleasant1 half sad1 ( its %ady1 picturesque walks & dells2 ( its wide gre5 squ>e1 ) ! unf9i%$ ca!dral 9 ! c5tre1 :]e trees & v9es mantle ! op5 doors & w9d[s1 & grass gr[s ?ick ov] ! unfrequ5t$ aisles2 ( its neglect$ cemet]y1 & ! magnific5t view x comm&s ov] an endless labyr9? ( lakes on "o side1 beyond :i* glitt] ! yell[ wat]s ( ! ,amazons1 :ile1 on ! o!r1 ! level campos is bord]$ by ! picturesque heights ( ! di/ant ,s]ra4 ,i h nev] be5 able to expla9 q to my own satisfaction ! some:at melan*oly impression :i* ?is region1 lovely z x unque/ionably is1 made ^u me :5 ,i fir/ saw x1--an impression n :olly de/roy$ by a long] resid5ce4 ,p]haps x is ! g5]al aspect ( incomplet5ess & decay1 ! abs5ce ( en]gy & ent]prise1 mak+ ! lavi% gifts ( ,nature ( no avail4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a c\ntry :i* %\ld be ov]fl[+ ) agricultural products1 nei!r milk1 nor butt]1 nor *eese1 nor vegetables1 nor fruit1 are to be _h4 ,y con/antly he> p compla9+ ( ! difficulty ( procur+ ev5 ! commone/ articles ( dome/ic consumption1 :51 9 fact1 !y ought to be produc$ by e l&-own]4 ,! agricultural di/ricts 9 ,brazil are ri* & f]tile1 b !re is no agricultural population4 ,! nomad ,indian1 float+ ab\t 9 8 canoe1 ! only home to :i* he has a g5u9e atta*m5t1 nev] /rik+ root 9 ! soil1 has no g5ius = cultivat+ ! gr\nd4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! ,indian "*1 x may n be amiss to record an incid5t :i* occurr$ ye/]day :5 we 7 leav+ ,monte ,algre4 ,on 8 j\rney to ,er]1 ,major ,c\t9ho _h be5 reque/$ by an ,indian & 8 wife1 ^: acqua9tance he _h made 9 =m] excursions !re1 to take "o ( _! boys1 a *ild ab\t eight ye>s ( age1 ) him to ,rio4 ,?is is v common among ! ,indians2 !y are n unwill+ to give up _! *ildr51 if !y c secure a ma9t5ance = !m1 & p]haps "s advantages ( education besides4 ,on ! day ( dep>ture1 ! "m & fa!r & two si/]s accompani$ ! *ild to ! /eam]1 b ,i ?9k1 z ! sequel %[$1 r = ! sake ( see+ ! %ip1 & hav+ a day ( amusem5t1 ?an f any s5tim5t ab\t p>t+ ) ! *ild4 ,:5 ! mom5t ( sep>ation came1 ! "m1 ) an air ( p]fect indiff]5ce1 gave ! little boy h] h& to kiss4 ,! fa!r seem$ to be go+ (f )\t rememb]+ 8 son at all2 b ! little fell[ ran aft] him1 took 8 h& & kiss$ x1 & !n /ood cry+ & brok5-he>t$ on ! deck1 :ile ! :ole family put (f 9 ! canoe1 talk+ & laugh+ gayly1 )\t %[+ him ! lea/ sympa?y4 ,su* traits are said to be v *>act]i/ic ( ! ,indians4 ,!y are cold 9 _! family affections2 & ?\gh ! mo!rs are v fond ( _! babies1 !y seem comp>atively indiff]5t to !m z !y gr[ up4 ,x is1 inde$1 impossible to rely ^u ! affection ( an ,indian1 ev5 ?\gh isolat$ cases ( rem>kable fidelity h be5 kn[n among !m4 ,b ,i h be5 told ov] & ov] aga91 by ^? :o h _h p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 ! matt]1 t y may take an ,indian *ild1 br+ him up1 treat him ) e k9dness1 educate him1 clo! him1 & f9d him to be a useful & seem+ly fai?ful memb] ( ! h\sehold2 "o day he is gone1 y "k n :]e1 & 9 e probability y w nev] he> ( him aga94 ,!ft is n "o ( _! vices4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* an ,indian1 if he des]ts ! fri5d :o has re>$ him & tak5 c>e ( him1 is v likely to leave beh9d him all 8 clo!s1 except ^? he has on1 & any pres5ts he may h receiv$4 ,! only ?+ he may be tempt$ to take w be a canoe & a pair ( o>s3 ) ^! an ,indian is ri*4 ,he only wants to get back to 8 woods2 & he is det]r$ by no s5tim5t ( affection1 or consid]ation ( int]e/4 ,to-day we are pass+ ! hills ( ,almeyrim4 ,! la/ "t we saw !m x 0 9 ! gl[ ( a brilliant sunset2 to-day1 ragg$ edges ( cl\ds ov]hang !m1 & !y are sombre "u a lead51 ra9y sky4 ,x is delightful to ,mr4 ,agassiz1 9 return+ to ?is locality1 to f9d t ph5om5a1 :i* 7 a blank to him on our voyage up ! riv]1 are p]fectly explicable n[ t he has _h an opportunity ( /udy+ ! geology ( ! ,amazonian ,valley4 ,:5 we pass$ ^! s+ul> flat-topp$ hills be=e1 he _h no clew to _! /ructure or _! age1--:e!r granite1 z !y h be5 said to be1 or s&/one or lime/one2 :e!r primitive1 second>y1 or t]ti>y3 & _! /range =m made ! problem /ill m difficult4 ,n[ he sees !m simply z ! remnants ( a pla9 :i* once fill$ ! :ole valley ( ! ,amazons1 f ! ,&es to ! ,atlantic1 f ,guiana to ,c5tral ,brazil4 ,d5udations on a colossal scale1 hi!rto unkn[n to geologi/s1 h turn$ ?is pla9 into a labyr9? ( noble riv]s1 leav+ only "h & !re1 :]e ! =mation has resi/$ ! ru% ( wat]s1 l[ m\nta9s & *a9s ( hills to tell :at 0 its ?ickness4#hi ,febru>y #a/4--,on ,tuesday ev5+ we rea*$ ,porto d ,moz1 on ! riv] ,x+1 :]e we _h expect$ to be deta9$ sev]al days1 z ,mr4 ,agassiz wi%$ especially to obta9 ! fi%es f ?is riv]1 &1 if possible1 f its upp] & l[] c\rse1 betwe5 :i* rapids int]v5e4 ,he f\nd1 h[ev]1 8 h>ve/ ready to 8 h&4 ,s5hor ,v9has1 ) :om1 :5 /opp+ "h = a few h\rs on 8 voyage up ! riv]1 he _h _h "s conv]sation respect+ ! sci5tific objects ( 8 visit to ! ,amazons1 has made dur+ our abs5ce "o ( ! f9e/ collections obta9$ 9 ! :ole c\rse ( our j\rney1 conta9+1 9 sep>ate lots1 ! fi%es f above & bel[ ! cascade4 ,by means ( ?is d\ble collection1 :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz has already exam9$ c>efully1 he asc]ta9s ! fact t ! faun on ei!r side ( ! falls are entirely di/9ct f ea* o!r1 z are ^? ( ! upp] & l[] c\rses ( ! ,amazons1 & also ^? ( its tribut>ies1 lakes1 & ig>aps4 ,?is is a mo/ important addition to ! evid5ce already obta9$ ( ! di/9ct localization ( species ?r\gh\t ! wat]s ( ! ,amazonian ,valley4 ,we regrett$ t1 on acc\nt ( ! abs5ce ( ,s5or ,v9has f ! t[n1 we c\ld n ?ank him 9 p]son = ?is valuable contribution4 ,f9d+ t ! ef=ts ( ?is g5tleman _h really left no?+ to be done 9 ?is locality1 unless1 inde$1 we c\ld h /ay$ long en\gh to make collections 9 all ! wat]-bas9s connect$ ) ! ,x+u1 we left e>ly 9 ! morn+ & rea*$ ,gurup ye/]day4 ,?is little t[n /&s on a l[ cliff "s ?irty feet above ! riv]4 ,on a project+ po9t ( ?is cliff !re is an old1 ab&on$ =t2 & 9 ! op5 place adjo9+ x /&s a *ur* ( consid]able size1 & seem+ly 9 good repair4 ,b ! settlem5t is evid5tly n prosp]\s4 ,_m ( its h\ses are ru9\s & des]t$1 & !re is ev5 less ( activity 9 ! aspect ( ! place ?an 9 mo/ ( ! ,amazonian villages4 ,we he>d mu* ( its insalubrity1 & f\nd v sev]e cases ( int]mitt5t fev] 9 "o or two ( ! h\ses we ent]$4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,agassiz made a call ^u ! subdelegado1 :o 0 himself conf9$ to 8 room ) fev]1 ,i 0 invit$ to re/ 9 ! op5 v]&a ( a neighbor+ h\se1 :i* look$ pretty & attractive en\gh2 = x op5$ into a sunny g>d51 :]e bananas & oranges & palm-trees 7 gr[+4 ,b ! old woman :o receiv$ me compla9$ bitt]ly ( ! dampness1 to :i*1 inde$1 h] ho>se c\gh & rheumatism bore te/imony2 & a man 0 ly+ 9 8 hammock1 slung "u ! por*1 :o 0 worn to m]e sk9 & bone ) fev]4 ,"h also we receiv$ "s valuable specim5s1 collect$1 s9ce our previ\s visit1 by ! subdelegado & "o or two o!r resid5ts4 ,febru>y #c;d4--,on ,?ursday we rea*$ ,tajapuru1 :]e we 7 deta9$ = two days on acc\nt ( "s little repair ne$$ on ! /eam]4 ,! place is int]e/+ z %[+ :at may be done on ! ,amazons 9 a %ort "t by ent]prise & indu/ry4 ,a settl] 9 ^! regions may1 if he has ! ta/e & culture to appreciate x1 surr\nd himself ) mu* t is attractive 9 civiliz$ life4 ,"s sev5te5 ye>s ago ,s5hor ,sep$a e/abli%$ himself at ?is spot1 !n a complete wild]ness4 ,he has n[ a v l>ge & pleasant c\ntry-h\se1 ) a g>d5 9 front & walks 9 ! =e/ ar\nd4 ,! int]ior ( ! h\se is commodi\s & ta/eful2 & we c\ld n b wi%1 :ile we enjoy$ ,s5hor ,sep$a's hospitality1 t 8 example might be foll[$1 & t !re might be _m su* homes on ! banks ( ! ,amazons4 ,?is morn+ we are aga9 on our way d[n ! riv]4 ,febru>y #d?4--,we rea*$ ,p> to-day1 p>t+1 n )\t regret1 f ! 8,ibicuhy10 on bo>d ( :i* we h sp5t s _m pleasant weeks4 ,be=e we left ! vessel1 ,capta9 ,f>ia ord]$ ! c>p5t] to take d[n our little pavilion on deck4 ,x _h be5 put up = our accommodation1 & _h s]v$ z our d9+-room & our work+-room1 our %elt] f ! sun1 & our snug retreat 9 floods ( ra94#ij ,on arriv+ 9 ,p> we f\nd ourselves at once at home 9 ! h\se ( our k9d fri5d1 ,s5hor ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 :]e we look =w>d to a pleasant re/ f our w&]+s4 ,i ins]t "h a lett] to ! ,emp]or1 writt5 two or ?ree weeks lat]1 & conta9+ a %ort summ>y ( ! sci5tific "w on ! ,amazons4 ,,p>1 #bc ,fvri]1 #ahff4 ,,sire3--,en arrivant ,p>1 au comm5cem5t de ce mois j'ai eu le bonheur d'y tr\v] l'excell5te lettre de ,votre ,maje/1 qui m'att5dait depuis quelques j\rs4 ,j'aurais d y rpondre immdiatem5t2 mais je n'tais pas en tat de le faire1 tant j'tais accabl de fatigue4 ,il y a trois ou quatre j\rs seulem5t que je comm5ce de n\veau m'occup] de mes affaires4 ,j'av\]ai mme que le press5tim5t des regrets qui m'aurai5t p\rsuivi le re/e de mes j\rs m'a seul emp* de ret\rn] directem5t aux ,etats-,unis4 ,auj\rd'hui encore j'ai de la pe9e vaqu] aux occupations les plus simples4 ,et cep5dant je ne suis pas malade2 je suis seulem5t puis p> un travail incessant et p> la contemplation t\s les j\rs plus vive et plus impressive des gr&eurs et des beauts de cette nature tropicale4 ,j'aurais beso9 p\r quelque temps de la vue monotone et sombre d'une =t de sap9s4 ,que v\s tes bon1 ,sire1 de p5s] moi au milieu des affaires vitales qui absorb5t votre att5tion et combi5 vos procds sont ple9s de dlicatesse4 ,le cadeau de n\vel-an que v\s m'annoncez m'en*ante4 ,la p]spective de p\voir aj\t] quelques comp>aisons des poissons du bass9 de l',uruguay celles que j'ai dj faites des espces de l',amazone et des fleuves de la cte ori5tale du ,brsil a un attrait t\t p>ticuli]4 ,ce s]a le premi] pas v]s la connaissance des types de la zne tempre dans l',amrique du ,sud4 ,aussi e/-ce avec une impati5ce croissante que je vois v5ir le mom5t o je p\rrai les exam9]4 ,en att5dant1 p]mettez-moi de v\s donn] un ap]u rapide des rsultats obt5us jusqu' ce j\r dans le voyage de l',amazone4 ,je ne revi5drai pas sur ce qu'il y a de surpr5ant dans la gr&e v>it des espces de poissons de ce bass91 bi5 qu'il me soit encore difficile de me famili>is] avec l'ide que l',amazone n\rrit peu-prs deux fois plus d'espces que la ,mdit]ranne et un nombre plus considrable que l',ocan ,atlantique d'un ple l'autre4 ,je ne puis cep5dant plus dire avec la mme prcision quel e/ le nombre exact d'espces de l',amazone que n\s n\s sommes procures1 p>ceque depuis que je revi5s sur mes pas1 en desc5dant le gr& fleuve1 je vois des poissons prts fray] que j'avais vus dans d'autres circon/ances et vice v]s1 et sans avoir rec\rs aux collections que j'ai faites il y a six mois et qui ne me sont pas accessibles auj\rd'hui1 il m'e/ s\v5t impossible de dt]m9] de mmoire si ce sont les mmes espces ou d'autres qui m'avai5t *app lors de mon premi] exam54 ,j'e/ime cep5dant que le nombre total des espces que je possde actuellem5t dpasse dix-huit c5ts et atte9t peut-tre deux mille4 ,mais ce n'e/ pas seulem5t le nombre des espces qui surpr5dra les naturali/es2 le fait qu'elles sont p\r la plup>t circonscrites dans des limites re/re9tes e/ bi5 plus surpr5ant encore et ne laiss]a pas que d'avoir une influ5ce directe sur les ides qui se rp&5t de nos j\rs sur l'orig9e des tres vivants4 ,que dans un fleuve comme le ,mississippi1 qui1 du ,nord au ,sud1 passe successivem5t p> les zones froide1 tempre et *aude1 qui r\le ses eaux tantt sur une =mation gologique1 tantt sur une autre1 et trav]se des pla9es c\v]tes au ,nord d'une vgtation presque arctique et au ,sud d'une flore subtropicale1--que dans un p>eil bass9 on r5contre des espces d'animaux aquatiques diffr5tes1 sur diffr5ts po9ts de son trajet1 a se compr5d ds qu'on s'e/ habitu envisag] les conditions gnrales d'exi/5ce et le climat en p>ticuli] comme la cause premire de la div]sit que les animaux et les plantes (fr5t entre eux1 dans les diffr5tes localits2 mais que1 de ,tabat+a au ,p>1 dans un fleuve o les eaux ne v>i5t ni p> leur temprature1 ni p> la nature de leur lit1 ni p> la vgtation qui les borde1 que dans de p>eilles circon/ances on r5contre1 de di/ance en di/ance1 des assemblages de poissons compltem5t di/9cts les uns des autres1 c'e/ ce qui a lieu d'tonn]4 ,je dirai mme que dornavant cette di/ribution1 qui peut tre vrifie p> quiconque v\dra s'en donn] la pe9e1 doit jet] beauc\p de d\te sur l'op9ion qui attribue la div]sit des tres vivants aux influ5ces locales4 ,un autre ct de ce sujet1 encore plus curieux peut-tre1 e/ l'int5sit avec laquelle la vie s'e/ manife/e dans ces eaux4 ,t\s les fleuves de l',europe runis1 depuis le ,tage jusqu'au ,volga1 ne n\riss5t pas c5t c9quante espces de poissons d'eau d\ce2 et cep5dant1 dans un petit lac des environs de ,manaos1 nomm ,lago ,hyanu>y1 qui a pe9e quatre ou c9q-c5ts mtres c>rs de surface1 n\s avons dc\v]t plus de deux-c5ts espces di/9ctes1 dont la plup>t n'ont pas encore t obs]ves ailleurs4 ,quel contra/e6 ,l'tude du mlange des races huma9es qui se crois5t dans ces rgions m'a aussi beauc\p occup et je me suis procur de nombreuses photographies de t\s les types que j'ai pu obs]v]4 ,le pr9cipal rsultat auquel je suis arriv e/ que les races se comport5t les unes vis--vis des autres comme des espces di/9ctes2 c4 4 d4 que les hybrides qui naiss5t du croisem5t d'hommes de race diffr5te sont t\j\rs un mlange des deux types primitifs et jamais la simple reproduction des c>actres de l'un ou de l'autre des progniteurs1 comme c'e/ le cas p\r les races d'animaux dome/iques4 ,je ne dirai ri5 de mes autres collections qui ont p\r la plup>t t faites p> mes jeunes compagnons de voyage1 plutt en vue d'enri*ir notre muse que de rs\dre quelques que/ions sci5tifiques4 ,mais je ne saurais laiss] pass] cette occasion sans exprim] ma vive reconnaissance p\r t\tes les facilits que j'ai dues la bi5veillance de ,votre ,maje/1 dans mes explorations4 ,depuis le ,prsid5t jusqu'au plus humbles employs des prov9ces que j'ai p>c\rues1 t\s ont rivalis d'empressem5t p\r me facilit] mon travail et la ,compagnie des vapeurs de l',amazone a t d'une libralit extrme mon g>d4 ,enf91 ,sire1 la gnrosit avec laquelle v\s avez fait mettre un navire de gu]re ma disposition m'a p]mis de faire des collections qui s]ai5t re/es inaccessibles p\r moi1 sans un moy5 de transport aussi va/e et aussi rapide4 ,p]mettez-moi d'aj\t] que de t\tes les faveurs dont ,votre ,maje/ m'a combl p\r ce voyage1 la plus prcieuse a t la prs5ce du ,major ,c\t9ho1 dont la famili>it avec t\t ce qui reg>de l',amazone a t une s\rce int>issable de r5seignem5ts importants et de directions utiles p\r vit] des c\rses oiseuses et la p]te d'un temps prcieux4 ,l't5due des connaissances de ,c\t9ho1 en ce qui t\*e l',amazone1 e/ vraim5t encyclopdique1 et je crois que ce s]ait un gr& s]vice r5dre la sci5ce que de lui f\rnir l'occasion de rdig] et de publi] t\t ce qu'il a obs]v p5dant ses visites rptes et prolonges dans cette p>tie de l',empire4 ,sa coopration p5dant ce d]ni] voyage a t des plus laborieuses2 il s'e/ mis la zoologie comme si les sci5ces physiques n'avai5t pas t l'objet spcial de ses tudes1 en mme temps qu'il a fait p> dev]s lui de nombreuses obs]vations !rmomtriques1 b>omtriques1 et a/ronomiques1 qui aj\t]ont de bons jalons ce que l'on possde dj sur la mtorologie et la topographie de ces prov9ces4 ,c'e/ a9si que n\s avons les premi]s port le b>omtre au milieu des coll9es d',almeyrim1 de ,monte ,algre1 et d',er] et mesur leurs sommets les plus levs4 ,l'tude de la =mation de la valle de l',amazone m'a naturellem5t occup1 bi5 que secondairem5t1 ds le premi] j\r que je l'ai aborde4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mais il e/ temps que je f9isse cette longue ptre en dem&ant p>don ,votre ,maje/ d'avoir mis sa pati5ce une aussi rude preuve4 ,de ,votre ,maje/ le s]viteur le plus dv\ et le plus affectueux1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4#ia ,febru>y #bd?4--,p>1 ,naz>e?4 ,our "t has pass$ s quietly "h t x gives me no?+ to record4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has f\nd himself 9 su* absolute ne$ ( re/1 aft] hav+ arrang$ & put 9 ord] = transportation to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! collections accumulat$1 t our int5d$ trip to ! isl& ( ,m>ajo has be5 po/pon$ day aft] day4 ,ye/]day ,i witness$ a religi\s procession 9 ,p>1--"o ( ! _m fe/as said to be gradually dy+ out1 & to be already %orn ( mu* ( _! anci5t glory4 ,x repres5t$ a sc5e f ! passion ( ,*ri/4 ,! life-size figure ( ! ,savi\r1 s9k+ "u ! cross1 is borne on a plat=m ?r\gh ! /reets4 ,little girls1 dress$ z angels1 walk be=e x1 & x is accompani$ by num]\s dignit>ies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,alt>s are illum9at$ 9 ! diff]5t *ur*es2 ! populace1 ev5 d[n to ! *ildr51 are dress$ 9 black2 & ! balconies ( e h\se fill$ ) figures 9 m\rn+1 wait+ = ! sad procession to pass by4 ,febru>y #bh?4--,(f ,m>ajo1 9 ! /eam] ,tabat+a4 ,all great riv]s1 z ! ,nile1 ! ,mississippi1 ! ,ganges1 ! ,danube1 h _! deltas2 b ! l>ge/ riv] 9 ! _w1 ! ,amazons1 is an exception to ?is rule4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! geological "* ( ! great isl& :i* ob/ructs its op5+ into ! ocean8 ,?is is ! "q :i* has made a visit to ,m>ajo ( special int]e/ to ,mr4 ,agassiz4 ,leav+ ,p> at midnight1 we rea*$ ! little t[n ( ,s\rs e>ly ?is morn+4 ,x is a village ly+ on ! s\!a/]n side ( ! isl&1 & s f> seaw>d t1 9 ! dry season1 :5 ! dim9i%$ curr5t ( ! ,amazonian wat]s is ov]borne by ! tides1 ! wat] is salt en\gh to af=d excell5t sea-ba?+1 & is resort$ to = t purpose by _m families f ,p>4 ,at ?is mom5t1 h[ev]1 ! wat] has n ev5 a bracki% "*4 ,! only build+ ( any int]e/ 9 ! t[n is ! old ,jesuit *ur*1 a remnant ( ! e>lie/ *apt] 9 ! civilization ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,h[ev] t+$ ) ambition & a love ( temporal p[]1 ! "w ( ! ,jesuits 9 ,brazil t5d$ t[>d ! e/abli%m5t ( an organiz$ sy/em ( labor1 :i* "o _c b wi% _h be5 cont9u$4 ,all t rema9s ( ! ,jesuit missions goes to prove t !y 7 c5tres ( indu/ry4 ,^! m5 contriv$ to imp>t1 ev5 to ! w&]+ ,indian1 "s fa9t reflection ( _! own p]si/5cy & /eadfa/ness ( purpose4 ,f>ms 7 connect$ ) all ! ,indian missions2 "u ! direction ( ! fa!rs1 ! ,indians le>n$ some?+ ( agriculture1 :i* ! ,jesuits readily saw to be "o ( ! great civiliz+ influ5ces 9 a c\ntry s f]tile4 ,!y introduc$ a v>iety ( vegetables & gra9s1 & _h h]ds ( cattle :]e cattle n[ are h>dly kn[n4 ,humboldt1 speak+ ( ! de/ruction ( ! ,jesuit missions1 says1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,indians ( ,atures1 on ! ,or9oco3 8,=m]ly1 be+ excit$ to labor by ! ,jesuits1 !y did n want = food4 ,! fa!rs cultivat$ maize1 ,fr5* beans1 & o!r ,european vegetables4 ,!y ev5 plant$ sweet oranges & tam>9ds r\nd ! villages2 & !y possess$ tw5ty or ?irty ?\s& head ( c[s & horses 9 ! savannas ( ,atures & ,c>i*ana4444 ,s9ce ! ye> #agie1 ! cattle ( ! ,jesuits h entirely disappe>$4 ,!re n[ rema9 z monum5ts ( ! anci5t cultivation ( ^! c\ntries1 & ! active indu/ry ( ! fir/ mission>ies1 only a few trunks ( ! orange & tam>9d 9 ! savannas1 surr\nd$ by wild trees40#ib ,our walk ?r\gh ! little village ( ,s\rs br\ght u to ! l[ cliffs on ! %ore1 :i* we _h already se5 f ! /eam]4 ,! same =mations prevail all along ! coa/ ( ?is isl& t we h f\nd ev]y:]e on ! banks ( ! ,amazons4 ,l[e/1 a well-/ratifi$1 r co>se s&/one1 imm$iately above :i*1 & con=mable ) x1 are f9ely lam9at$ clays1 cov]$ by a cru/4 ,^u ?is lies ! highly f]rug9\s s&/one1 9 :i* an irregul> cross /ratification frequ5tly alt]nates ) ! regul> b$s2 above ?is1 foll[+ all ! undulations ( its surface1 is ! well-kn[n r$di% s&y clay1 ) qu>tz pebbles scatt]$ ?r\gh its mass1 & only "h & !re fa9t traces ( an indi/9ct /ratification4 ,?is aft]noon ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 aga9 on %ore1 exam9+ ! =mation ( bo? banks ( ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e1 ! riv] at ! m\? ( :i* /&s ! t[n ( ,s\rs4 ,he has return$ delight$ ) ! result ( 8 day's "w1 hav+ n only obta9$ ! mo/ complete evid5ce t ! geological =mation ( ,m>ajo corresponds exactly ) t ( ! ,amazonian ,valley1 b hav+ also obta9$ "s v important data ) respect to ! pres5t encroa*m5ts ( ! sea ^u ! %ore4 ,he f\nd ^u ! bea*1 p>tially cov]$ by sea-s&1 ! rema9s ( a =e/ :i* evid5tly grew 9 a peat-bog1 & :i* ! ocean is gradually lay+ b>e4 ,febru>y #bi?4--,e>ly ?is morn+ we cross$ ! ,p> ,riv]1 & an*or$ at ! entrance ( ! bay )9 :i* /&s ! t[n ( ,vigia4 ,we l&$1 & :ile ! boatm5 7 dragg+ ! net1 we w&]$ along ! bea*1 :i* is bord]$ by ?ick =e/1 n[ full ( fl[]s4 ,"h we f\nd ! same geological =mations z on ! ,m>ajo %ore1 & on ! bea* ! c\nt]p>t ( ! anci5t =e/ :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz une>!d ye/]day on ! opposite coa/4 ,!re c h>dly be m conv9c+ evid5ce t ! riv]s :i* empty into ! ,amazons ne> its m\?1 l all ^? high] up1 z well z ! ma9 /ream itself1 h cut _! way ?r\gh id5tical =mations1 :i* 7 once cont9u\s4 ,evid5tly ^! rema9s ( =e/s on ! bea*es ( ,vigia ,bay & at ! m\? ( ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e are p>ts ( "o =e/1 =m]ly un9t]rupt$ & cov]+ ! :ole ( ! int]v5+ space n[ fill$ by ! s-call$ ,p> ,riv]4 ,we foll[$ ! bea* to ! entrance ( an ig>ap1 :i* "h op5s into ! riv]1 & :i* look$ mo/ tempt+ ) ! morn+ %ad[s d>k5+ its cool recesses4 ,z ! boatm5 _h n be5 v successful 9 fi%+1 ,i propos$ we %\ld put _! s]vices to bett] use & r[ up ?is invit+ /ream4 ,to ?is day1 ?\gh ,i h become accu/om$ to ^! =e/ wat]-pa?s & h _h s _m excursions 9 !m1 !y h lo/ none ( _! *>m4 ,i nev] see "o )\t long+ to foll[ its picturesque w9d+s into ! dep?s ( ! wood2 & to me ! ig>ap rema9s ! mo/ beautiful & ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ! ,amazonian sc5]y4 ,?is "o ( ,vigia 0 especially pretty4 ,clumps ( ! light1 exquisitely graceful ,assai palm %ot up ev]y:]e f ! d5s] =e/2 "h & !re ! droop+ bamboo1 nev] se5 9 ! high] ,amazons1 dipp$ its fea!ry bran*es into ! wat]1 cov]$ sometimes to _! v tips ) purple bloom ( convolvulus2 yell[ ,bignonias c>ri$ _! gold5 clu/]s to ! v summits ( "s ( ! m l(ty trees2 :ile :ite-fl[]+ myrtles & orange-color$ mall[s bord]$ ! /ream4 ,life ab\nd$ 9 ?is quiet retreat4 ,birds & butt]flies 7 num]\s2 & we saw an imm5se numb] ( crabs ( e v>iety ( color & size ^u ! m>g9 ( ! wat]4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 n s easy to cat* !m z x seem$4 ,!y w\ld sit quietly on ! trunks ( all ! old trees or decay+ logs project+ f ! bank1 app>5tly wait+ to be tak52 b ! mom5t we approa*$ !m1 h[ev] cauti\sly1 !y vani%$ l lightn+ ei!r "u ! wat] or into "s crevice ne> by4 ,not)/&+ _! nimbl5ess1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,agassiz succe$$ 9 mak+ a consid]able collection4 ,we saw also an imm5se army ( cat]pill>s1 evid5tly foll[+ "s conc]t$ plan ( action4 ,!y 7 desc5d+ ! trunk ( a l>ge tree 9 a solid phalanx ab\t two h&bread?s 9 wid?1 & six or eight feet 9 l5g?2 no d\bt com+ d[n to make _! *rysalids 9 ! s&4 ,we return$ to ! /eam] at t5 o'clock2 &1 aft] breakfa/1 f9d+ our an*orage-gr\nd some:at r\gh z ! tide came 91 we w5t a little high] up1 & ent]$ ! ,bahia d ,sul4 ,"h aga9 we w5t on %ore to see ! net drawn1 ?is "t m successfully4 ,we %\ld h _h a delightful walk on ! bea* aga91 _h x n be5 = ho/s ( m9ute flies :i* hov]$ ab\t u1 & _h a p[] ( /++ q disproportionate to _! size4 ,on return+ we met ) an un=ese5 difficulty4 ,! tide _h be5 fall+ dur+ our walk1 & ! canoe c\ld n approa* ! bea* )9 sev]al y>ds4 ,! g5tlem5 plung$ 91 & walk$ out ov] knees 9 wat]2 :ile ! boatm5 made a *air ( _! arms & c>ri$ me ?r\gh ! surf4 ,m>* #e?4--,our excursion 9 ! h>bor clos$ ) a visit to ! small isl& ( ,tatuatuba1 di/ant ab\t six miles f ,p>4 ,9 ord] to exam9e ! %ores1 we made ! circuit ( ! isl& on foot4 ,"h aga9 ! same geological /ructure pres5t$ itself2 & !re 0 "o spot 9 p>ticul> :]e ! %>p1 v]tical cut ( ! bank fac+ ! bea* pres5t$ an admirable section ( ! =mations s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,amazonian ,valley2 ! r$1 s&y clay ( ! upp] deposit fill+ 9 all ! undulations & inequalities ( ! s&/one bel[1 ! surface ( :i* 0 rem>kably irregul>4 ,! sea is mak+ great encroa*m5ts on ! %ore ( ?is isl&4 ,s5hor ,figueir$o1 :o lives "h ) 8 family & by :om we 7 receiv$ ) mu* hospitality1 told u t dur+ ! la/ eighte5 or tw5ty ye>s1 ! bea* _h rec$$ consid]ably 9 "s places2 ! high-wat] l9e be+ _m y>ds beyond its =m] limit4 ,! result ( ?is excursion has %[n t1 ) ! exception ( "s l[ mud-isl&s ne>ly level ) ! wat]1 all ! h>bor isl&s ly+ 9 ! m\? ( ! ,amazons are1 geologically speak+1 p>ts ( ! ,amazonian ,valley1 hav+ ! same /ructure4 ,!y 71 no d\bt1 =m]ly cont9u\s ) ! %ore1 b are sep>at$ n[1 p>tly by ! fre% wat]s cutt+ _! way ?r\gh ! l& to ! ocean1 p>tly by ! progress ( ! sea itself4 ,m>* #bd?4--,our quiet life at ,naz>e?1 ?\gh full ( enjoym5t = tir$ travell]s1 af=ds little mat]ial = a j\rnal4 ,a second excursion along ! coa/ has furni%$ ,mr4 ,agassiz ) new evid5ce ( ! rapid *anges 9 ! outl9e ( ! %ore1 produc$ by ! encroa*m5t ( ! sea4 ,s fa/ is ?is go+ on t "s ( ! public works ne> ! coa/ are already endang]$ by ! advance ( ! ocean ^u ! l&4 ,dur+ ! pa/ week he has be5 especially occupi$ 9 direct+ ! "w ( a photographi/ employ$ by ,s5hor ,pim5ta ,bu5o1 :o1 ) 8 usual lib]ality t[>ds ! sci5tific objects ( ! exp$ition1 is collect+ 9 ?is way ! portraits ( "s rem>kable palms & o!r trees ab\t 8 h\se & gr\nds4 ,"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ is a huge ,sumaumra1 ) buttress$ trunk4 ,^! buttresses />t at a di/ance ( ab\t eight or t5 feet f ! gr\nd1 spread+ gradually t[>d ! base2 !y are f t5 to twelve feet 9 dep?4 ,! l[] "p ( ! trunk is ?us divid$ into op5 comp>tm5ts1 sometimes s l>ge t two or ?ree p]sons c /& )9 !m4 ,?is disposition to ?r[ out flanks or w+s is n conf9$ to "o k9d ( tree1 b occurs 9 _m families2 x seems1 inde$1 a *>act]i/ic feature ( =e/ vegetation "h4 ,occasionally ! buttresses p>tially sep>ate f ! ma9 trunk1 rema9+ atta*$ to x only at ! po9t f :i* !y />t1 s t !y look l di/9ct supports propp+ ! tree4 ,i copy "h an extract f ,mr4 ,agassiz's notes ^u ! vegetation ( ! ,amazons1 9 :i* allusion is made to ! ,sumaumra4 ,illu/ration3 ,buttress$ ,tree 7,eriod5drum ,sumauma74 8,any "o com+ f ! ,nor? to ! ,tropics1 if he has be5 9 ! habit ( obs]v+ ! vegetation ab\t him1 ev5 )\t hav+ made botany a special /udy1 is1 9 a measure1 prep>$ to appreciate ! resemblances & ! diff]5ces betwe5 plants ( ! tropical & ^? ( ! temp]ate regions4 ,an acqua9tance ) ! ,rob9ia 7,locu/-trees71 = in/ance1 or ) ! l>ge %rub-l ,lotus1 & o!r woody ,legum9os1 w enable him to recognize ! num]\s repres5tatives ( t family1 =m+ s l>ge a "p ( ! equatorial vegetation2 &1 ev5 %\ld he nev] h se5 specim5s ( ! ,mimosa 9 g>d5s or hot-h\ses1 _! delicate1 susceptible foliage w make !m kn[n to him2 he _c fail to be /ruck ) ! inexhau/ible comb9ations & =ms ( _! p9nate leaves1 z well z ) ! v>iety 9 _! t9ts ( gre51 ! div]sity 9 _! clu/]s ( leaves & 9 _! pods & se$s4 ,b !re are families ) :i* he fancies himself equally famili>1 ! tropical repres5tatives ( :i* w nev] seem to him l old acqua9tances4 ,?us ! tree :i* furni%es ! ,indian rubb] belongs to ! ,milk-we$ family4 ,e "o kn[s ! ,milk-we$s ( ! ,nor?1 to be se51 z humble h]bs1 all along ! roadsides1 on ! edges ( our woods & 9 ! s&s ( our bea*es4 ,yet on ! ,amazons1 ! ,euphorbiace1 s small & unobtrusive ) u1 assume ! =m ( colossal trees1 con/itut+ a consid]able "p ( its /range & luxuriant =e/-gr[?4 ,! giant ( ! ,amazonian woods1 ^: maje/ic flat cr[n t[]s ov] all o!r trees1 :ile its :ite trunk /&s out 9 /rik+ relief f ! surr\nd+ mass ( gre5 7! ,sumaumra71 is alli$ to our mall[s4 ,"s ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic trees ( ! riv]-%ore belong to ^! two families4 ,our paleontologi/s :o attempt to re/ore ! =e/s ( old] geological times %\ld keep 9 m9d ?is fact ( ! /rik+ contra/s pres5t$ "u diff]5t latitudes by ! same families4 ,( c\rse ! equatorial regions teem ) plants & trees belong+ to families ei!r entirely unkn[n or b poorly repres5t$ 9 m temp]ate latitudes2 & ^! di/9ct gr\ps naturally arre/ ! att5tion ( ! botani/1 & p]haps awak5 8 int]e/ m ?an ^? ) :i* he is already famili> "u o!r =ms4 ,b1 :ile ^! diff]5t families are recogniz$ z di/9ct1 & no d\bt des]ve to be consid]$ by !mselves z natural gr\ps1 ,i believe t mu* might be le>n$ ( ! deep] relations ( plants by /udy+1 n only ! repres5tatives ( ! same families 9 diff]5t latitudes1 su* z ! ,mimosas & ! ,milk-we$s1 b also :at ,i may call botanical equival5ts1--gr\ps :i* balance ea* o!r 9 ! diff]5t climatic zones4 ,?is idea is sugge/$ to me by my zological /udies 9 ! ,amazons1 :i* h l$ me to p]ceive new relations betwe5 ! animals ( ! temp]ate & ! tropical zone3 x seems probable t correspond+ relations %\ld exi/ 9 ! vegetable _w also4 ,/ruck1 = in/ance1 by ! total abs5ce ( /urgeons1 p]*es1 pick]els1 tr\ts1 c>ps & o!r :ite fi%es1 cusks1 sculp9s1 c41 ,i h ask$ myself1 :ile /udy+ ! fi%es ( ! ,amazons1 :at analogy c\ld exi/ betwe5 ^? ( our ,we/]n riv]s & ^? ( ! tropics1 z well z betwe5 ! latt] & ^? ( ! int]m$iate latitudes4 ,look+ at !m ) ?is view1 ,i h be5 surpris$ to f9d h[ closely relat$ ! ,goniodonts are to ! ,/urgeons2 s mu* s1 t ! ,loric>i may be consid]$ z g5u9e ,/urgeons1 ) m ext5sive %ields ^u ! body4 ,i am satisfi$ also t ! ,cy*la is a p]* to all int5ts & purposes1 t ! ,ac>as are ,sunfi%es1 ! ,xiphorhamphus 7,pir pucu7 ,pick]els1 & ! ,curimatas g5u9e ,c>ps4 ,n[1 may n a simil> relation exi/ betwe5 ! families ( plants belong+ to ! ,nor? & ^? =m+ ! mo/ prom95t vegetation ( ! ,s\?8 ,:at are ! tropical trees :i* take ! place ( our elms1 maples1 l9d5s8 ,by :at families are our oaks1 *e/nuts1 will[s1 popl>s1 repres5t$ "u ! burn+ sun ( ! equ9octial regions8 ,! ,rosace 9 ! temp]ate & ! ,myrtace 9 ! tropical regions seem to me su* botanical equival5ts4 ,! family ( ,rosace gives to ! ,nor? its pe>s1 its apples1 its pea*es1 its *]ries1 its plums1 its almonds2 9 %ort1 all ! mo/ delici\s fruits ( ! ,old ,_w1 z well z its mo/ beautiful fl[]s4 ,! trees ( ?is family1 by _! foliage1 play a di/+ui%$ "p 9 ! vegetation ( ! temp]ate zone1 & imp>t to x a "* ( _! own4 ,! ,myrtace give to ! ,s\? its guavas1 its pitangas1 its aras1 ! juicy plum-l fruit ( ! swamp-myrtles1 _m ( its nuts1 & o!r excell5t fruits4 ,?is family1 includ+ ! ,mela/omace1 ab\nds 9 fl[]+ %rubs1 l ! purple ,qu]esma & _m o!rs n less beautiful2 & "s ( its repres5tatives1 su* z ! ,sapucaia & ! ,brazilian nut-tree1 rise to ! height ( t[]+ trees4 ,bo? ( ^! families s9k to insignificance 9 ! "o zone1 :ile !y assume a dignifi$ port & p]=m an important "p 9 ! o!r4 ,if ?is inve/igation be ext5d$ to ! %rubs & humbl] plants1 ,i believe ! botani/ :o und]takes x w reap a ri* h>ve/40 ,! day aft] to-morr[ we leave ,p> 9 ! ,santa ,cruz = ,ce>4 ,x w be l leav+ a sort ( home to say good by to our k9d fri5ds 9 ! ,rua de ,naz>e?4 ,we h become atta*$ to ?is neighborhood also f its beauty4 ,! wide /reet1 bord]$ = two or ?ree miles ) mangueiras1 leads into ! wood$ c\ntry1 :]e _m a n>r[ gre5 pa? 9 ! =e/ tempts "o to long rambles4 ,"o ( ^! pa?s has be5 a favorite walk ( m9e on acc\nt ( ! beauty & luxuriance ( ! vegetation1 mak+ "s p>ts ( x %ady ev5 at noonday4 ,i h (t5 foll[$ x = two or ?ree miles 9 ! e>ly morn+1 betwe5 six & eight o'clock1 :5 ! v]dant walls on ei!r side are /ill fre% & dewy4 ,beautiful z x is1 x leads to "o ( ! sadde/ ( all abodes4 ,= a long "t ,i c\ld n und]/& :y ?is lane 0 always 9 su* good condition1 ! heavy ra9s mak+ unfrequ5t$ =e/-pa?s almo/ impassable 9 ! wet season4 ,i f\nd on inquiry t x l$ to a hospital = lep]s1 & 0 kept 9 good repair because ! v>i\s /ores & supplies = ! hospital 7 con/antly c>ri$ ov] x4 ,! preval5ce ( leprosy has made x necess>y to provide sep>ate e/abli%m5ts = its victims2 & bo? at ,p> & ,sant>em1 :]e x is /ill m common1 !re are hospitals devot$ exclusively to ?is purpose4 ,?is t]rible disease is n conf9$ :olly to ! l[] classes1 & :]e x occurs 9 families ^: circum/ances are good ! invalid is (t5 kept at home "u ! c>e ( 8 own fri5ds4 ,bates /ates t leprosy is suppos$ to be incurable1 & also adds t1 dur+ 8 elev5 ye>s' resid5ce on ! ,amazons1 he has nev] kn[n a =eign] to be attack$ by x4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 be5 told by a v intellig5t ,g]man physician 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 t he has kn[n sev]al cases ( x among 8 own c\ntrym5 !re1 & has be5 s =tunate z to effect p]man5t cures 9 "s in/ances4 ,he says x is a mi/ake to suppose t x does n yield to treatm5t :5 tak5 9 "t1 & ! /ati/ics ( ! disease %[ t1 :]e !re are good physicians1 x is f\nd to be gradually disappe>+4 ,we mu/ n leave ,p> )\t allud+ to our ev5+ conc]ts f ! adjo9+ woods & swamps4 ,:5 ,i fir/ he>d ?is /range confusion ( s\nds1 ,i ?\ght x came f a cr[d ( m5 %\t+ l\dly1 ?\gh at a little di/ance4 ,to my surprise1 ,i f\nd t ! riot]s 7 ! frogs & toads 9 ! neighborhood4 ,i h>dly "k h[ to describe ?is ,babel ( woodl& noises2 & if ,i c\ld d x ju/ice1 ,i am afraid my acc\nt w\ld h>dly be believ$4 ,at mom5ts x seems l ! b>k+ ( dogs1 !n l ! call+ ( _m voices on diff]5t keys1 b all l\d1 rapid1 excit$1 full ( emphasis & v>iety4 ,i ?9k ^! frogs1 l ours1 mu/ be sil5t at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>2 =1 on our fir/ visit to ,p>1 we 7 n /ruck by ?is s+ul> music1 ) :i* ! woods n[ res\nd at nightfall4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note4--,be=e leav+ ! ,amazons1 ,i wi% to ackn[l$ge att5tions receiv$ f sev]al fri5ds1 ^: names d n appe> 9 ! n>rative4 ,to ,s5hor ,dan91 ,*ef de ,police at ,p>1 ,i 0 indebt$ = valuable ,indian curiosities1 & = specim5s ( o!r k9ds2 to ,doctor ,mal*] = a collection ( birds2 to ,s5hor ,p5na = important additions to my collection ( fi%es2 to ,s5hor ,laita da ,cunha = aid 9 collect+1 & = _m introductions to p]sons ( influ5ce along our r\te2 & to ,mr4 ,kaulfuss1 a ,g]man resid5t at ,p>1 = fossils f ! ,&es4 ,i h to ?ank ,mr4 ,james ,bond1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul at ,p>1 = unwe>i$ ef=ts 9 my behalf dur+ ! :ole "t ( my /ay 9 ! ,amazons4 ,he suppli$ me ) alcohol2 receiv$ ! collections on _! arrival at ,p>2 exam9$ ! cases & b>rels1 caus+ ^? :i* 7 defective to be repair$1 t !y might rea* _! de/9ation 9 safety1 & f9ally despat*$ !m to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 free ( *>ge1 on bo>d sail+-vessels 9 :i* he _h an int]e/4 ,we owe x 9 great degree to him t our imm5se ,amazonian collections arriv$ 9 ,cambridge 9 good condition1 suff]+ little loss or injury 9 ! process ( transportation4--,l4 ,a4 ----- ,footnote #hh3 ,dur+ my %ort /ay 9 ! neighborhood ( ,villa ,bella & ,obydos ,i 0 indebt$ to sev]al resid5ts ( ^! t[ns = assi/ance 9 collect+2 especially to ,padre ,torquato & to ,padre ,antonio ,mattos4 ,my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,honorio1 :o accompani$ me to ?is po9t1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,delegado1 at ,villa ,bella1 made also a v excell5t collection ( fi%es 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,at ,obydos ,colonel ,b5tos contribut$ a v l>ge collection ( fi%es f ! ,rio ,trombetas4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #hi3 ,see ,*apt] ,,xiii41 on ! ,physical ,hi/ory ( ! ,amazons4 ,footnote #ij3 ,x is b fitt+ t ,i %\ld express "h my ?anks to ,capta9 ,f>ia = ! c\rte\s mann] 9 :i* he accompli%$ ! task assign$ him by ! gov]nm5t4 ,he 0 n only a mo/ hospitable ho/ on bo>d 8 vessel1 b he all[$ me to encumb] 8 deck ) all k9ds ( sci5tific app>atus1 & gave me v effici5t assi/ance 9 collect+4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ia3 ,,p>1 ,febru>y #bc1 #ahff4 ,,sire3--,on arriv+ at ,p> 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is mon?1 ,i _h ! pleasure to f9d y\r ,maje/y's k9d lett]1 :i* _h be5 await+ me = sev]al days4 ,i ought to h ackn[l$g$ x imm$iately1 b ,i 0 n 9 a condition to d s1 be+ ov]come by fatigue4 ,x is only dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree days t ,i beg9 once m to occupy myself z usual4 ,i confess t no?+ b ! pres5tim5t ( regrets :i* w\ld h pursu$ me to ! end ( my days has prev5t$ me f return+ directly to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ev5 n[ ,i f9d x difficult to take up ! mo/ simple occupations4 ,& yet ,i am n ill2 ,i am only exhau/$ by incessant "w1 & by ! contemplation1 ea* day m vivid & impressive1 ( ! gr&eur & beauty ( ?is tropical nature4 ,i ne$ to look = a "t ^u ! sombre & monoton\s aspect ( a p9e =e/4 ,h[ good y are1 ,sire1 to ?9k ( me 9 ! mid/ ( ! vital affairs :i* absorb y\r att5tion1 & h[ consid]ate are y\r acts6 ,! ,new ,ye>'s pres5t y ann\nce en*ants me4#ic ,! prospect ( be+ able to add "s comp>isons ( ! fi%es f ! bas9 ( ! ,uruguay to su* z ,i h already made betwe5 ! ,amazonian species & ^? ( ! riv]s on ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,brazil has a special attraction = me4 ,x w be ! fir/ /ep t[>ds a k ( ! types ( ! temp]ate zone 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,i wait ) increas+ impati5ce = ! mom5t :5 ,i %all be able to exam9e !m4 ,9 ! mean :ile all[ me to give y a rapid sket* ( ! results ?us f> obta9$ 9 my voyage on ! ,amazons4 ,i w n return to ! surpris+ v>iety ( species ( fi%es conta9$ 9 ?is bas91 ?\gh x is v difficult = me to famili>ize myself ) ! idea t ! ,amazons n\ri%es ne>ly twice z _m species z ! ,m$it]ranean1 & a l>g] numb] ?an ! ,atlantic1 tak5 f "o pole to ! o!r4 ,i c no long] say1 h[ev]1 ) precision1 :at is ! exact numb] ( species :i* we h procur$ f ! ,amazons1 because1 on retrac+ my /eps z ,i desc5d$ ! great riv]1 ,i h se5 fi%es ab\t to lay _! eggs :i* ,i _h se5 at fir/ "u o!r conditions1 & vice v]sa2 & )\t consult+ ! collections made six mon?s ago1 & :i* are n n[ accessible to me1 x is (t5 impossible = me to det]m9e f memory :e!r !y are ! same species1 or diff]5t ones :i* escap$ my obs]vation 9 my fir/ exam9ation4 ,h[ev]1 ,i e/imate ! total numb] ( species :i* ,i actually possess at eighte5 hundr$1 & x may be two ?\s&4#id ,b x is n only ! numb] ( species :i* w a/oni% naturali/s2 ! fact t !y are = ! mo/ "p circumscrib$ )9 def9ite limits is /ill m surpris+1 & _c b h a direct influ5ce on ! ideas n[ preval5t respect+ ! orig9 ( liv+ be+s4 ,t 9 a riv] l ! ,mississippi1 :i* f ! nor? to ! s\? passes successively ?r\gh cold1 temp]ate1 & w>m zones1--^: wat]s fl[ sometimes ov] "o geological =mation1 sometimes ov] ano!r1 & across pla9s cov]$ at ! nor? by an almo/ arctic vegetation1 & at ! s\? by a sub-tropical flora1--t 9 su* a bas9 aquatic animals ( diff]5t species %\ld be met at v>i\s po9ts ( its c\rse is easily und]/ood by ^? :o are accu/om$ to consid] g5]al conditions ( exi/5ce1 & ( climate especially1 z ! fir/ cause ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 animals & plants inhabit+ sep>ate localities4 ,b t f ,tabat+a to ,p>1 9 a riv] :]e ! wat]s diff] nei!r 9 temp]ature nor 9 ! nature ( _! b$1 nor 9 ! vegetation along _! bord]s1--t "u su* circum/ances !re %\ld be met1 f di/ance to di/ance1 assemblages ( fi%es completely di/9ct f ea* o!r1 is inde$ a/oni%+4 ,i w\ld ev5 say t h5ce=? ?is di/ribution1 :i* may be v]ifi$ by any "o :o c>es to take ! tr\ble1 mu/ ?r[ mu* d\bt on ! op9ion :i* attributes ! div]sity ( liv+ be+s to local influ5ces4 ,ano!r side ( ?is subject1 /ill m curi\s p]haps1 is ! int5sity ) :i* life is manife/$ 9 ^! wat]s4 ,all ! riv]s ( ,europe unit$1 f ! ,tagus to ! ,volga1 d n n\ri% "o hundr$ & fifty species ( fre%-wat] fi%es2 & yet1 9 a little lake ne> ,manaos1 call$ ,lago ,hyanu>y1 ! surface ( :i* cov]s h>dly f\r or five hundr$ squ>e y>ds1 we h discov]$ m ?an two hundr$ di/9ct species1 ! great] "p ( :i* h n be5 obs]v$ else:]e4 ,:at a contra/6 ,! /udy ( ! mixture ( human races 9 ?is region has also occupi$ me mu*1 & ,i h procur$ num]\s photographs ( all ! types :i* ,i h be5 able to obs]ve4 ,! pr9cipal result at :i* ,i h arriv$ is1 t ! races be> !mselves t[>ds ea* o!r z d di/9ct species2 t is to say1 t ! hybrids1 :i* spr+ f ! cross+ ( m5 ( diff]5t races1 are always a mixture ( ! two primitive types1 & nev] ! simple reproduction ( ! *>act]s ( "o or ! o!r prog5itor1 z is ! case among ! races ( dome/ic animals4 ,i w say no?+ ( my o!r collections1 :i* h be5 made = ! mo/ "p by my "y companions1 r ) a view to enri* our ,museum ?an to solve sci5tific que/ions4 ,b ,i _c all[ ?is occasion to pass )\t express+ my lively gratitude = all ! facilities1 9 my explorations1 :i* ,i h ow$ to ! k9dness ( y\r ,maje/y4 ,f ! ,presid5t to ! mo/ humble employs ( ! prov9ces ,i h visit$1 all h compet$ ) ea* o!r to r5d] my "w m easy2 & ! /eam%ip company ( ! ,amazons has %[n an extreme lib]ality t[>ds me4 ,f9ally1 ,sire1 ! g5]osity ) :i* y h plac$ at my disposition a vessel ( w> has all[$ me to make collections :i*1 ) less ample & rapid means ( transport1 mu/ h rema9$ utt]ly inaccessible to me4 ,p]mit me to add1 t1 ( all ! favors ) :i* y\r ,maje/y has cr[n$ ?is voyage1 ! mo/ preci\s has be5 ! pres5ce ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 ^: famili>ity ) all :i* conc]ns ! ,amazons has be5 an inexhau/ible s\rce ( important in=mation & ( useful directions2 by means ( :i* ! loss ( "t 9 unremun]ative excursions has be5 avoid$4 ,8 co-op]ation dur+ ?is j\rney has be5 mo/ labori\s2 he has appli$ himself to zology z if ! physical sci5ces _h n hi!rto be5 ! special object ( 8 /udy1 :ile at ! same "t he has made num]\s !rmometric1 b>ometric1 & a/ronomical obs]vations1 :i* w furni% important additions to :at is already kn[n conc]n+ ! meteorology & topography ( ^! prov9ces4 ,we h1 = in/ance1 be5 ! fir/ to c>ry ! b>omet] into ! mid/ ( ! hills ( ,almeyrim1 ( ,monte ,algre & ,er]1 & to measure _! highe/ summits4 ,! /udy ( ! =mation ( ! valley ( ! ,amazons has naturally occupi$ me1 ?\gh 9 a second>y degree1 f ! fir/ day ( my arrival4#ie 99 99 99 99 99 ,b x is "t t ,i %\ld close ?is long lett]1 begg+ y\r ,maje/y to p>don me = putt+ y\r pati5ce to s h>d a trial4 ,y\r ,maje/y's mo/ humble & mo/ affectionate s]vant1 ,l4 ,,agassiz4 ,footnote #ib3 ,humboldt's ,p]sonal ,n>rative1 ,bohn's ,sci5tific ,libr>y1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,*ap4 ,,xx4 p4 #bfg4 ,footnote #ic3 ,! ,emp]or _h writt5 to ,mr4 ,agassiz t1 dur+ ! "t :5 he took comm& ( ! ,brazilian army on ! ,rio ,gr&e1 he _h caus$ collections ( fi%es to be made = him f sev]al ( ! s\!rn riv]s4 ,footnote #id3 ,to-day ,i _c give a m precise acc\nt ( ! f9al result ( my survey4 ,?\gh all my collections are safely /or$ 9 ! ,museum1 e practical zologi/ und]/&s t a critical exam9ation ( m ?an eighty ?\s& specim5s _c be made 9 less ?an sev]al ye>s4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #ie3 ,! re/ ( ?is lett] is omitt$1 z its sub/ance is conta9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii41 on ! ,physical ,hi/ory ( ! ,amazons4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,physical ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,amazons4 ,,drift ,,ab\t ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro4--,,decomposition ,,( ,,und]ly+ ,,rock4--,,diff]5t ,,aspect ,,( ,,glacial ,,ph5om5a ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,cont95ts4--,,f]tility ,,( ,,! ,,drift4--,,geological ,,obs]vations ,,( ,,messrs4 ,,h>tt ,,& ,,/4 ,,john4--,,correspond5ce ,,( ,,deposits ,,along ,,! ,,coa/ ,,) ,,^? ,,( ,,rio ,,& ,,^? ,,( ,,! ,,valley ,,( ,,! ,,amazons4--,,primitive ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,valley4--,,fir/ ,,kn[n ,,*apt] ,,( ,,its ,,hi/ory4--,,cretace\s ,,fossil ,,fi%es4--,,=m] ,,ext5t ,,( ,,! ,,s\?-,,am]ican ,,coa/4--,,cretace\s ,,fossils ,,f ,,! ,,rio ,,purus4--,,comp>ison ,,betwe5 ,,nor? ,,& ,,s\? ,,am]ica4--,,geological ,,=mations ,,along ,,! ,,banks ,,( ,,! ,,amazons4--,,fossil ,,leaves4--,,clays ,,& ,,s&/ones4--,,hills ,,( ,,almeyrim4--,,monte ,,al,,gre4--,,situation ,,& ,,sc5]y4--,,s]ra ,,er]4--,,comp>ison ,,) ,,swiss ,,sc5]y4--,,b\ld]s ,,( ,,er]4--,,anci5t ,,?ickness ,,( ,,amazonian ,,deposits4--,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 ,,drift ,,( ,,! ,,amazons ,,& ,,t ,,( ,,rio4--,,inf]5ces ,,drawn ,,f ,,! ,,pres5t ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,deposits4--,,imm5se ,,ext5t ,,( ,,s&/one ,,=mation4--,,nature ,,& ,,orig9 ,,( ,,^! ,,deposits4--,,ref]r$ ,,to ,,! ,,ice-,,p]iod4--,,abs5ce ,,( ,,glacial ,,m>ks4--,,glacial ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,ano!r ,,k9d4--,,*anges ,,9 ,,! ,,outl9e ,,( ,,! ,,s\?-,,am]ican ,,coa/4--,,s\r4--,,ig>ap ,,gr&e4--,,vigia4--,,bay ,,( ,,braganza4--,,anticipation4 ,a few days be=e we left ,p>1 ,s5hor ,pim5ta ,bu5o invit$ 8 fri5ds & acqua9tances1 :o _h express$ a wi% to he> ,mr4 ,agassiz's views on ! geological "* ( ! ,amazonian ,valley1 to meet at 8 h\se 9 ! ev5+ = t purpose4 ,! gue/s 7 "s two hundr$ 9 numb]1 & ! :ole affair 0 v unc]emoni\s1 assum+ r ! "* ( a meet+ = conv]sation or discussion ?an t ( an audi5ce collect$ to he> a /udi$ address4 ,! sub/ance ( ?is talk or lecture1 z subsequ5tly writt5 out by ,mr4 ,agassiz1 aft]w>d appe>$ 9 ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 & is ins]t$ "h1 ) "s few alt]ations "u ! head ( a sep>ate *apt]4 ,! read] w f9d occasional repetitions ( facts already /at$ 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! n>rative2 b !y are reta9$ = ! sake ( giv+ a complete & consi/5t review ( ! subject at ?is po9t ( our j\rney1 :]e x became possible to comp>e ! geological /ructure ( ! ,amazonian ,valley ) t ( ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,brazil & ( ^? bord]+ on ! ,atlantic coa/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! exi/5ce ( a glacial p]iod1 h[ev] mu* d]id$ :5 fir/ ann\nc$1 is n[ a recogniz$ fact4 ,! div]g5ce ( op9ion respect+ x is limit$ to a "q ( ext5t2 & aft] my rec5t j\rney 9 ! ,amazons1 ,i am l$ to add a new *apt] to ! /range hi/ory ( glacial ph5om5a1 tak5 f ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & ev5 f ! tropics !mselves4 ,i am prep>$ to f9d t ! /atem5t ( ?is new phase ( ! glacial p]iod w awak5 among my sci5tific colleagues an opposition ev5 m viol5t ?an t by :i* ! fir/ ann\ncem5t ( my views on ?is subject 0 met4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 will+ to bide my "t2 feel+ sure t1 z ! !ory ( ! anci5t ext5sion ( glaci]s 9 ,europe has gradually come to be accept$ by geologi/s1 s w ! exi/5ce ( l ph5om5a1 bo? 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica1 dur+ ! same epo*1 be recogniz$ soon] or lat] z "p ( a great s]ies ( physical ev5ts ext5d+ ov] ! :ole globe4 ,inde$1 :5 ! ice-p]iod is fully und]/ood1 x w be se5 t ! absurdity lies 9 suppos+ t climatic conditions s diff]5t c\ld be limit$ to a small portion ( ! _w's surface4 ,if ! geological w9t] exi/$ at all1 x mu/ h be5 cosmic2 & x is q z rational to look = its traces 9 ! ,we/]n z 9 ! ,ea/]n hemisph]e1 to ! s\? ( ! equator z to ! nor? ( x4 ,impress$ by ?is wid] view ( ! subject1 confirm$ by a numb] ( unpubli%$ inve/igations :i* ,i h made dur+ ! la/ ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i came to ,s\? ,am]ica1 expect+ to f9d 9 ! tropical regions new evid5ces ( a bygone glacial p]iod1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 "u diff]5t aspects4 ,su* a result seem$ to me ! logical sequ5ce ( :at ,i _h already obs]v$ 9 ,europe & 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,on my arrival 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1--! port at :i* ,i fir/ l&$ 9 ,brazil1--my att5tion 0 imm$iately attract$ by a v peculi> =mation consi/+ ( an o*race\s1 highly f]rug9\s1 s&y clay4 ,dur+ a /ay ( ?ree mon?s 9 ,rio1 :5ce ,i made _m excursions into ! neighbor+ c\ntry1 ,i _h opportunities ( /udy+ ?is deposit1 bo? 9 ! prov9ce ( ,rio de ,janeiro & 9 ! adjo9+ prov9ce ( ,m9as ,g]aes4 ,i f\nd t x re/$ ev]y:]e ^u ! undulat+ surfaces ( ! solid rocks 9 place1 0 almo/ entirely de/itute ( /ratification1 & conta9$ a v>iety ( pebbles & b\ld]s4 ,! pebbles 7 *iefly qu>tz1 sometimes scatt]$ indiscrim9ately ?r\gh\t ! deposit1 sometimes ly+ 9 a seam betwe5 x & ! rock bel[2 :ile ! b\ld]s 7 ei!r sunk 9 its mass1 or re/+ loosely on ! surface4 ,at ,tijuca1 a few miles out ( ! city ( ,rio1 among ! picturesque hills ly+ to ! s\?we/ ( x1 ^! ph5om5a may be se5 9 great p]fection4 ,ne> ,b5nett's ,hotel !re are a great numb] ( erratic b\ld]s1 hav+ no connection :atev] ) ! rock 9 place2 & also a bluff ( ?is sup]ficial deposit /udd$ ) b\ld]s1 re/+ above ! p>tially /ratifi$ metamorphic rock4#if ,o!r excell5t opportunities = obs]v+ ?is =mation1 also )9 easy rea* f ! city1 are af=d$ along ! :ole l9e ( ! ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo ,railroad1 :]e ! cuts expose admirable sections1 %[+ ! r$1 un/ratifi$1 homog5e\s mass ( s&y clay re/+ above ! solid rock1 & (t5 divid$ f x by a ?9 b$ ( pebbles4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 9 ! m9d ( any "o famili> ) simil> facts obs]v$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 t ?is is "o ( ! _m =ms ( drift connect$ ) glacial action4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 f> f anticipat+1 :5 ,i fir/ met x 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio1 t ,i %\ld aft]w>ds f9d x spread+ ov] ! surface ( ! c\ntry f nor? to s\? & f ea/ to we/1 ) a cont9uity :i* gives legible connection to ! :ole geological hi/ory ( ! cont95t4 ,x is true t ! ext5sive decomposition ( ! und]ly+ rock1 p5etrat+ sometimes to a consid]able dep?1 makes x (t5 difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 x & ! drift2 & ! problem is made /ill m puzzl+ by ! fact t ! surface ( ! drift1 :5 bak$ by exposure to ! hot sun1 (t5 assumes ! appe>ance ( decompos$ rock1 s t great c>e is requir$ = a correct int]pretation ( ! facts4 ,a little practice1 h[ev]1 tra9s ! eye to read ^! appe>ances aright2 & ,i may say t ,i h le>n$ to recognize ev]y:]e ! limit betwe5 ! two =mations4 ,!re is inde$ "o safe guide1 namely1 ! undulat+ l9e1 rem9d+ "o ( ro*es m\tonnes1#ig & m>k+ ! irregul> surface ( ! rock on :i* ! drift 0 accumulat$2 :atev] modifications ! "o or ! o!r may h und]gone1 ?is l9e seems nev] to disappe>4 ,ano!r deceptive feature1 aris+ f ! frequ5t dis9tegration ( ! rocks & f ! brittle "* ( "s ( !m1 is ! pres5ce ( loose fragm5ts1 :i* simulate erratic b\ld]s1 b are 9 fact only deta*$ masses ( ! rock 9 place4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( _! /ructure1 h[ev]1 w at once %[ ! geologi/ :e!r !y belong :]e !y are f\nd1 or h be5 br\ght f a di/ance to _! pres5t re/+-place4 ,b1 :ile ! features to :i* ,i h allud$ are unque/ionably drift ph5om5a1 !y pres5t 9 _! wid] ext5sion1 & especially 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,brazil1 "s phases ( glacial action hi!rto unobs]v$4 ,j z ! inve/igation ( ! ice-p]iod 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has %[n u t ice-fields may move ov] op5 level pla9s1 z well z along ! slopes ( m\nta9 valleys1 s does a /udy ( ! same class ( facts 9 ,s\? ,am]ica reveal new & unlook$-= features 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ice-p]iod4 ,"s w say t ! fact ( ! advance ( ice-fields ov] an op5 c\ntry is by no means e/abli%$1 inasmu* z _m geologi/s believe all ! s-call$ glacial traces--viz4 /ri1 furr[s1 poli%1 etc41 f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--to h be5 made by float+ iceb]gs at a "t :5 ! cont95t 0 subm]g$4 ,to ?is ,i c only answ] t1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 ,i h foll[$1 compass 9 h&1 ! same set ( furr[s1 runn+ f nor? to s\? 9 "o unv>y+ l9e1 ov] a surface ( "o hundr$ & ?irty miles1 f ! ,katahd9 ,iron ,range to ! sea-%ore4#ih ,^! furr[s foll[ all ! inequalities ( ! c\ntry1 asc5d+ ranges ( hills v>y+ f twelve to fifte5 hundr$ feet 9 height1 & desc5d+ into ! int]v5+ valleys only two or ?ree hundr$ feet above ! sea1 or sometimes ev5 on a level ) x4 ,i take x to be impossible t a float+ mass ( ice %\ld travel onw>d 9 "o rectil9e> direction1 turn+ nei!r to ! "r nor to ! left1 = su* a di/ance4 ,equally impossible w\ld x be = a deta*$ mass ( ice1 swimm+ on ! surface ( ! wat]1 or ev5 ) its base sunk consid]ably bel[ x1 to furr[ 9 a /raight l9e ! summits & sides ( ! hills1 & ! bottoms ( ! int]v5+ valleys4 ,x w\ld be c>ri$ ov] ! inequalities ( ! c\ntry )\t t\*+ ! l[e/ depressions4 ,in/ead ( asc5d+ ! m\nta9s1 x w\ld rema9 /r&$ aga9/ any elevation :i* rose greatly above its own base1 &1 if caught betwe5 two p>allel ridges1 w\ld float up & d[n betwe5 !m4 ,moreov]1 ! action ( solid1 unbrok5 ice1 mov+ ov] ! gr\nd 9 imm$iate contact ) x1 is s diff]5t f t ( float+ ice-rafts or iceb]gs t1 ?\gh ! latt] h unque/ionably dropp$ erratic b\ld]s1 & made furr[s & /ri on ! surface :]e !y happ5$ to be gr\nd$1 ^! ph5om5a w easily be di/+ui%$ f ! m connect$ tracks ( glaci]s1 or ext5sive %eets ( ice1 re/+ directly ^u ! face ( ! c\ntry & advanc+ ov] x4 ,!re seems ?us f> to be an inextricable confusion 9 ! ideas ( _m geologi/s z to ! respective action ( curr5ts1 iceb]gs1 & glaci]s4 ,x is "t t !y %\ld le>n to di/+ui% betwe5 classes ( facts s diff]5t f ea* o!r1 & s easily recogniz$ aft] ! discrim9ation has once be5 made4 ,z to ! s\?w>d movem5t ( an imm5se field ( ice1 ext5d+ ov] ! :ole ,nor?1 x seems inevitable1 ! mom5t we admit t sn[ may accumulate ar\nd ! pole 9 su* quantities z to initiate a pressure radiat+ 9 e direction4 ,sn[1 alt]nately ?aw+ & freez+1 mu/1 l wat]1 f9d its level at la/4 ,a %eet ( sn[ t5 or fifte5 ?\s& feet 9 ?ickness1 ext5d+ all ov] ! nor!rn & s\!rn portions ( ! globe1 mu/ necess>ily lead1 9 ! end1 to ! =mation ( a nor!rn & s\!rn cap ( ice1 mov+ t[>d ! equator4 ,i h spok5 ( ,tijuca & ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad z favorable localities = /udy+ ! peculi> s\!rn drift2 b "o meets x 9 e direction4 ,a %eet ( drift1 consi/+ ( ! same homog5e\s1 un/ratifi$ pa/e1 & conta9+ loose mat]ials ( all sorts & sizes1 cov]s ! c\ntry4 ,x is ( v unev5 ?ickness1--sometimes ?r[n into relief1 z x 71 by ! surr\nd+ d5udations1 & ris+ into hills2 sometimes r$uc$ to a ?9 lay]2 sometimes1 z1 = in/ance1 on /eep slopes1 wa%$ entirely away1 leav+ ! b>e face ( ! rock expos$4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 rema9$ comp>atively undi/urb$ on "s v abrupt asc5ts2 z may be se5 on ! ,corcovado1 along ! pa? lead+ up ! m\nta91 :]e !re are "s v f9e banks ( drift1 ! m /rik+ f ! contra/ ( _! deep-r$ color ) ! surr\nd+ vegetation4 ,i h myself foll[$ ?is %eet ( drift f ,rio de ,janeiro to ! top ( ! ,s]ra d ,m>1 :]e1 j outside ! pretty t[n ( ,petropolis1 ! riv] ,piabanha may be se5 fl[+ betwe5 banks ( drift1 9 :i* x has excavat$ its b$2 !nce ,i h trac$ x along ! beautiful macadamiz$ road lead+ to ,juiz de ,=a 9 ! prov9ce ( ,m9as ,g]aes1 & beyond ?is to ! f>!r side ( ! ,s]ra da ,babylonia4 ,?r\gh\t ?is :ole tract ( c\ntry ! drift may be se5 along ! roadside1 9 imm$iate contact ) ! native cry/all9e rock4 ,! f]tility ( ! l&1 also1 is a guide to ! pres5ce ( drift4 ,:]ev] x lies ?icke/ ov] ! surface1 !re are ! mo/ fl\ri%+ c(fee-plantations2 & ,i believe t a m sy/ematic reg>d to ?is fact w\ld h a mo/ b5eficial influ5ce ^u ! agricultural int]e/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,no d\bt ! f]tility arises f ! great v>iety ( *emical elem5ts conta9$ 9 ! drift1 & ! knead+ process x has und]gone b5ea? ! gigantic ice-pl\gh1--a process :i* makes glacial drift ev]y:]e ! mo/ f]tile soil4 ,s9ce my return f ! ,amazons1 my impression z to ! g5]al di/ribution ( ^! ph5om5a has be5 confirm$ by ! reports ( "s ( my assi/ants1 :o h be5 travell+ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,c4 ,h>tt1 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,copel&1 "o ( ! volunte] aids ( ! exp$ition1 has be5 mak+ collections & geological obs]vations 9 ! prov9ce ( ,spiritu ,santo1 9 ! valley ( ! ,rio ,doce1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! valley ( ! ,mucury4 ,he in=ms me t he has f\nd ev]y:]e ! same %eet ( r$1 un/ratifi$ clay1 ) pebbles & occasional b\ld]s ov]ly+ ! rock 9 place4 ,mr4 ,ore/es ,/4 ,john1 :o1 tak+ ! road ?r\gh ! int]ior1 has visit$1 ) ! same objects 9 view1 ! valleys ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco & ! ,rio das ,velhas1 & also ! valley ( ,piauhy1 gives ! same acc\nt1 ) ! exception t he f\nd no erratic b\ld]s 9 ^! m nor!rn regions4 ,! r>ity ( erratic b\ld]s1 n only 9 ! deposits ( ! ,amazons prop]1 b 9 ^? ( ! :ole region :i* may be consid]$ z ! ,amazonian bas91 is acc\nt$ =1 z we %all see h]eaft]1 by ! mode ( _! =mation4 ,! obs]vations ( ,mr4 ,h>tt & ,mr4 ,/4 ,john are ! m valuable1 because ,i _h employ$ !m bo?1 on our fir/ arrival 9 ,rio1 9 mak+ geological surveys ( diff]5t sections on ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad1 s t !y _h a great famili>ity ) ^? =mations be=e />t+ on _! sep>ate j\rneys4 ,rec5tly1 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john & myself met 9 ,p> on our return f our respective explorations1 & ,i h _h an opportunity ( comp>+ on ! spot 8 geological sections f ! valley ( ! ,piauhy ) ! ,amazonian deposits4 ,!re c be no d\bt ( ! absolute id5tity ( ! =mations 9 ^! valleys4 ,hav+ arrang$ ! "w ( my assi/ants1 & s5t sev]al ( !m to collect & make geological exam9ations 9 o!r directions1 ,i myself1 ) ! re/ ( my companions1 proce$$ up ! coa/ to ,p>4 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d at e /ep ( my progress ! same geological ph5om5a :i* _h met me at ,rio4 ,x 0 my fri5d1 ,major ,c\t9ho1 already an exp]i5c$ ,amazonian travell]1 :o fir/ told me t ?is =mation cont9u$ ?r\gh ! :ole valley ( ! ,amazons1 & 0 also to be f\nd on all ( its afflu5ts :i* he _h visit$1 al?\gh he _h nev] ?\ght ( ref]r+ x to s rec5t a p]iod4 ,& "h let me say t ! facts ,i n[ /ate are by no means exclusively ! result ( my own inve/igations4 ,!y are 9 great "p due to ,major ,c\t9ho1 a memb] ( ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t corps ( eng9e]s1 :o1 by ! k9dness ( ! ,emp]or1 0 associat$ ) me 9 my ,amazonian exp$ition4 ,i c truly say t he has be5 my good g5ius ?r\gh\t ! :ole j\rney1 sav+ me1 by 8 previ\s k ( ! gr\nd1 f ! futile & misdirect$ exp5diture ( means & "t (t5 inevitable 9 a new c\ntry1 :]e "o is imp]fectly acqua9t$ bo? ) ! p & _! language4 ,we h work$ toge!r 9 ?is inve/igation2 my only advantage ov] him be+ my great] famili>ity ) l ph5om5a 9 ,europe & ,nor? ,am]ica1 & consequ5t read9ess 9 ! practical h&l+ ( ! facts & 9 p]ceiv+ _! connection4 ,major ,c\t9ho's ass]tion1 t on ! banks ( ! ,amazons ,i %\ld f9d ! same r$1 un/ratifi$ clay z 9 ,rio & along ! s\!rn coa/1 seem$ to me at fir/ almo/ incr$ible1 impress$ z ,i 0 ) ! g5]ally receiv$ notions z to ! anci5t "* ( ! ,amazonian deposits1 ref]r$ by ,humboldt to ! ,devonian1 & by ,m>tius to ! ,triassic p]iod1 & consid]$ by all travell]s to be at lea/ z old z ! ,t]ti>ies4 ,! result1 h[ev]1 confirm$ 8 report1 at lea/ s f> z ! compon5t mat]ials ( ! =mation are conc]n$2 b1 z w be se5 h]eaft]1 ! mode ( _! deposition1 & ! "t at :i* x took place1 h n be5 ! same at ! nor? & s\?2 & ?is diff]5ce ( circum/ances has modifi$ ! aspect ( a =mation ess5tially ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,at fir/ sight1 x w\ld inde$ appe> t ?is =mation1 z x exi/s 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 is id5tical ) t ( ,rio2 b x diff]s f x 9 ! r>ity ( its b\ld]s1 & 9 %[+ occasional signs ( /ratification4 ,x is also ev]y:]e und]laid by co>se1 well-/ratifi$ deposits1 resembl+ some:at ! ,recife ( ,bahia & ,p]nambuco2 :]eas ! un/ratifi$ drift ( ! s\? re/s imm$iately ^u ! undulat+ surface ( :atev] rock happ5s to make ! f\ndation ( ! c\ntry1 :e!r /ratifi$ or cry/all9e4 ,! peculi> s&/one on :i* ! ,amazonian clay re/s exi/s n[h]e else4 ,be=e proce$+1 h[ev]1 to describe ! ,amazonian deposits 9 detail1 ,i ought to say some?+ ( ! nature & orig9 ( ! valley itself4 ,! valley ( ! ,amazons 0 fir/ sket*$ out by ! elevation ( two tracts ( l&2 namely1 ! plateau ( ,guiana on ! nor?1 & ! c5tral plateau ( ,brazil on ! s\?4 ,x is probable t1 at ! "t ^! two table-l&s 7 lift$ above ! sea-level1 ! ,&es did n exi/1 & ! ocean fl[$ betwe5 !m ?r\gh an op5 /rait4 ,x w\ld seem 7& ?is is a curi\s result ( mod]n geological inve/igations7 t ! portions ( ! e>?'s surface e>lie/ rais$ above ! ocean h tr5d$ f ea/ to we/4 ,! fir/ tract ( l& lift$ above ! wat]s 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 0 also a long cont95tal isl&1 runn+ f ,newf\ndl& almo/ to ! pres5t base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,?is t5d5cy may be attribut$ to v>i\s causes1--to ! rotation ( ! e>?1 ! consequ5t depression ( its poles1 & ! break+ ( its cru/ along ! l9es ( greate/ t5sion ?us produc$4 ,at a lat] p]iod1 ! upheaval ( ! ,&es took place1 clos+ ! we/]n side ( ?is /rait1 & ?us trans=m+ x into a gulf1 op5 only t[>d ! ea/4 ,little or no?+ is kn[n ( ! e>li] /ratifi$ deposits re/+ aga9/ ! cry/all9e masses fir/ uplift$ along ! bord]s ( ! ,amazonian ,valley4 ,!re is "h no sequ5ce1 z 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ( ,azoic1 ,silurian1 ,devonian1 & ,c>bonif]\s =mations1 %or$ up aga9/ ea* o!r by ! gradual upheaval ( ! cont95t2 al?\gh1 unque/ionably1 old] palozoic & second>y b$s und]lie1 "h & !re1 ! lat] =mations4 ,inde$1 ,major ,c\t9ho has f\nd palozoic deposits1 ) *>act]i/ic ,bra*iopods1 9 ! valley ( ! ,rio ,tapajos1 at ! fir/ cascade1 & c>bonif]\s deposits h be5 notic$ along ! ,rio ,guapore & ! ,rio ,mamore4 ,b ! fir/ *apt] 9 ! valley's geological hi/ory ab\t :i* we h connect$ & tru/wor?y data is t ( ! cretace\s p]iod4 ,x seems c]ta91 t1 at ! close ( ! second>y age1 ! :ole ,amazonian bas9 became l9$ ) a cretace\s deposit1 ! m>g9s ( :i* crop out at v>i\s localities on its bord]s4 ,!y h be5 obs]v$ along its s\!rn limits1 on its we/]n outskirts along ! ,&es1 9 ,v5ezuela along ! %ore-l9e ( m\nta9s1 & also 9 c]ta9 localities ne> its ea/]n edge4 ,i well rememb] t "o ( ! fir/ ?+s :i* awak5$ my int]e/ 9 ! geology ( ! ,amazonian ,valley 0 ! sight ( "s cretace\s fossil fi%es f ! prov9ce ( ,ce>4 ,^! fossil fi%es 7 collect$ by ,mr4 ,george ,g>dn]1 to :om sci5ce is indebt$ = ! mo/ ext5sive in=mation yet obta9$ respect+ ! geology ( t "p ( ,brazil4 ,9 ?is connection1 let me say t ,i %all speak ( ! prov9ces ( ,ce>1 ,piauhy1 & ,m>anham z belong+ geologically to ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 ?\gh _! %ore is ba!d by ! ocean & _! riv]s empty directly into ! ,atlantic4 ,b ,i ent]ta9 no d\bt t1 at an e>li] p]iod1 ! nor?-ea/]n coa/ ( ,brazil /ret*$ mu* f>!r seaw>d ?an 9 our day2 s f>1 inde$1 t 9 ^? times ! riv]s ( all ^! prov9ces mu/ h be5 tribut>ies ( ! ,amazons 9 its ea/w>d c\rse4 ,! evid5ce = ?is conclusion is sub/antially d]iv$ f ! id5tity ( ! deposits 9 ! valleys belong+ to ^! prov9ces ) ^? ( ! valleys ?r\gh :i* ! actual tribut>ies ( ! ,amazons fl[2 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,tocant9s1 ! ,x+u1 ! ,tapajos1 ! ,madeira1 etc4 ,besides ! fossils above allud$ to f ! ea/]n bord]s ( ?is anci5t bas91 ,i h _h rec5tly ano!r evid5ce ( its cretace\s "* f its s\!rn region4 ,mr4 ,william ,*&less1 on 8 return f a late j\rney on ! ,rio ,purus1 pres5t$ me ) a s]ies ( fossil rema9s ( ! highe/ int]e/1 & und\bt$ly belong+ to ! cretace\s p]iod4 ,!y 7 collect$ by himself on ! ,rio ,aquiry1 an afflu5t ( ! ,rio ,purus4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 f\nd 9 place betwe5 ! t5? & elev5? degrees ( s\? latitude1 & ! sixty-sev5? & sixty-n9? degrees ( we/ longitude f ,gre5wi*1 9 localities v>y+ f f\r hundr$ & ?irty to six hundr$ & fifty feet above ! sea-level4 ,!re are among !m rema9s ( ,mosasaurus1 & ( fi%es closely alli$ to ^? already repres5t$ by ,faujas 9 8 description ( ,mae/ri*t1 & *>act]i/ic1 z is well kn[n to geological /ud5ts1 ( ! mo/ rec5t cretace\s p]iod4 ,?us 9 its ma9 features ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 l t ( ! ,mississippi1 is a cretace\s bas94 ,?is resemblance sugge/s a fur!r comp>ison betwe5 ! tw9 cont95ts ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,n only is _! g5]al =m ! same1 b _! framework1 z we may call x1--t is1 ! lay ( _! great m\nta9-*a9s & ( _! table-l&s1 ) ! ext5sive int]v5+ depressions1--pres5ts a /rik+ simil>ity4 ,inde$1 a zologi/1 accu/om$ to trace a l /ructure "u v>i\sly modifi$ animal =ms1 _c b h 8 homological /udies recall$ to 8 m9d by ! co9cid5ce betwe5 c]ta9 physical features 9 ! nor!rn & s\!rn p>ts ( ! ,we/]n hemisph]e4 ,& yet "h1 z ?r\gh\t all nature1 ^! correspond5ces are comb9$ ) a di/9ctness ( individualization :i* leaves its respective "*1 n only to ea* cont95t z a :ole1 b also to ! diff]5t regions circumscrib$ )9 its bord]s4 ,9 bo?1 h[ev]1 ! highe/ m\nta9-*a9s1 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ! ,we/]n ,coa/ ,range1 ) _! wide int]v5+ table-l& 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 & ! *a9 ( ! ,&es1 ) its less] plateaux 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 run along ! we/]n coa/2 bo? h a great ea/]n promontory1 ,newf\ndl& 9 ! ,nor!rn cont95t1 & ,cape ,/4 ,roque 9 ! ,s\!rn3 & ?\gh ! resemblance betwe5 ! inl& elevations is p]haps less /rik+1 yet ! ,canadian range1 ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 & ! ,alleghanies may v fairly be comp>$ to ! table-l&s ( ,guiana & ,brazil1 & ! ,s]ra d ,m>4 ,simil> correspond5ces may be trac$ among ! riv]-sy/ems4 ,! ,amazons & ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ?\gh s diff]5t 9 dim5sions1 rem9d u ( ea* o!r by _! tr5d & geographical position2 & :ile ! "o is f$ by ! l>ge/ riv]-sy/em 9 ! _w1 ! o!r dra9s ! mo/ ext5sive lake surfaces kn[n to exi/ 9 imm$iate contiguity4 ,! ,or9oco1 ) its bay1 recalls ,hudson's ,bay & its _m tribut>ies1 & ! ,rio ,magdal5a may be said to be ! ,s\?-,am]ican ,mack5zie2 :ile ! ,rio de la ,plata repres5ts geographically our ,mississippi1 & ! ,p>aguay recalls ! ,miss\ri4 ,! ,p>ana may be comp>$ to ! ,ohio2 ! ,pilcomayo1 ,v]mejo1 & ,salado riv]s1 to ! riv] ,platte1 ! ,arkansas1 & ! ,r$ ,riv] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 :ile ! riv]s f>!r s\?1 empty+ into ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 repres5t ! riv]s ( ,patagonia & ! s\!rn p>ts ( ! ,arg5t9e ,republic4 ,n only is !re ?is g5]al correspond5ce betwe5 ! m\nta9 elevations & ! riv]-sy/ems1 b z ! l>g] riv]-bas9s ( ,nor? ,am]ica--^? ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ! ,mississippi1 & ! ,mack5zie--meet 9 ! l[ tracts ext5d+ along ! foot ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 s d ! bas9s ( ! ,amazons1 ! ,rio de la ,plata1 & ! ,or9oco jo9 ea* o!r along ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,&es4 ,b :ile 9 geographical homology ! ,amazons comp>es ) ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & ! ,mississippi ) ! ,rio de la ,plata1 ! ,mississippi & ! ,amazons1 z has be5 said1 resemble ea* o!r 9 _! local geological "*4 ,!y h bo? receiv$ a sub/ratum ( cretace\s b$s1 above :i* are accumulat$ m rec5t deposits1 s t1 9 _! mo/ prom95t geological features1 bo? may be consid]$ z cretace\s bas9s1 conta9+ ext5sive deposits ( a v rec5t age4 ,( ! hi/ory ( ! ,amazonian ,valley dur+ ! p]iods imm$iately foll[+ ! ,cretace\s1 we "k little or no?+4 ,:e!r ! ,t]ti>y deposits are hidd5 "u ! m mod]n ones2 or :e!r !y are :olly want+1 ! bas9 hav+1 p]haps1 be5 rais$ above ! sea-level be=e t "t2 or :e!r !y h be5 swept away by ! trem5d\s inundations 9 ! valley1 :i* h c]ta9ly de/roy$ a great "p ( ! cretace\s deposit1--!y h nev] be5 obs]v$ 9 any "p ( ! ,amazonian bas94 ,:atev] ,t]ti>y deposits are repres5t$ 9 geological maps ( ?is region are s m>k$ 9 consequ5ce ( an incorrect id5tification ( /rata belong+1 9 fact1 to a mu* m rec5t p]iod4 ,a m9ute & ext5sive survey ( ! valley ( ! ,amazons is by no means an easy task1 & its difficulty is greatly increas$ by ! fact t ! l[] =mations are only accessible on ! riv] m>g9s dur+ ! vasante1 or dry season1 :5 ! wat]s %r9k 9 _! b$s1 leav+ a great "p ( _! banks expos$4 ,x happ5$ t ! fir/ ?ree or f\r mon?s ( my j\rney 7,augu/1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]1 & ,novemb]7 7 ^? :5 ! wat]s are l[e/1--rea*+ _! m9imum 9 ,septemb] & ,octob]1 & beg9n+ to rise aga9 9 ,novemb]1--s t ,i _h an excell5t opportunity1 9 asc5d+ ! riv]1 ( obs]v+ its geological /ructure4 ,?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?1 ?ree di/9ct geological =mations may be trac$1 ! two l[] ( :i* h foll[$ 9 imm$iate succession1 & are con=mable ) "o ano!r1 :ile ! ?ird re/s uncon=mably ^u !m1 foll[+ all ! inequalities ( ! greatly d5udat$ surface pres5t$ by ! second =mation4 ,not)/&+ ?is seem+ int]ruption 9 ! sequ5ce ( ^! deposits1 ! ?ird1 z we %all pres5tly see1 belongs to ! same s]ies1 & 0 accumulat$ 9 ! same bas94 ,! l[e/ set ( b$s ( ! :ole s]ies is r>ely visible2 b x seems ev]y:]e to consi/ ( s&/one1 or ev5 ( loose s&s well /ratifi$1 ! co>s] mat]ials ly+ inv>iably bel[1 & ! f9] above4 ,^u ?is l[] set ( b$s re/s ev]y:]e an ext5sive deposit ( f9e lam9at$ clays1 v>y+ 9 ?ickness1 b frequ5tly divid+ into lay]s z ?9 z a %eet ( pap]4 ,9 "s localities !y exhibit1 9 pat*es1 an extraord9>y v>iety ( beautiful colors1--p9k1 orange1 crimson1 yell[1 gray1 blue1 & also black & :ite4 ,x is f ^! b$s t ! ,indians prep>e _! pa9ts4 ,^! clay deposits assume occasionally a peculi> appe>ance1 & "o :i* might mislead ! obs]v] z to _! true nature4 ,:5 _! surface has be5 long expos$ to ! action ( ! atmosph]e & to ! heat ( ! burn+ sun1 !y look s mu* l clay-slates ( ! olde/ geological epo*s t1 at fir/ sight1 ,i took !m = prim>y slates1 my att5tion be+ attract$ to !m by a regul> cleavage z di/9ct z t ( ! mo/ anci5t clay-slates4 ,& yet at ,tonant9s1 on ! banks ( ! ,solimo5s1 9 a locality :]e _! expos$ surfaces _h ?is primordial appe>ance1 ,i f\nd 9 ^! v b$s a consid]able am\nt ( well-pres]v$ leaves1 ! "* ( :i* proves _! rec5t orig94 ,^! leaves d n ev5 indicate z anci5t a p]iod z ! ,t]ti>ies1 b resemble s closely ! vegetation ( to-day t ,i h no d\bt1 :5 exam9$ by compet5t au?ority1 !y w be id5tifi$ ) liv+ plants4 ,! pres5ce ( su* an ext5sive clay =mation1 /ret*+ ov] a surface ( m ?an ?ree ?\s& miles 9 l5g? & ab\t sev5 hundr$ 9 bread?1 is n easily expla9$ "u any ord9>y circum/ances4 ,! fact t x is s ?or\ghly lam9at$ %[s t1 9 ! bas9 9 :i* x 0 =m$1 ! wat]s mu/ h be5 unusually quiet1 conta9+ id5tical mat]ials ?r\gh\t1 & t ^! mat]ials mu/ h be5 deposit$ ov] ! :ole bottom 9 ! same way4 ,x is usually sep>at$ f ! sup]9cumb5t b$s by a glaz$ cru/ ( h>d1 compact s&/one1 almo/ resembl+ a f]rug9\s qu>tzite4 ,^u ?is foll[ b$s ( s& & s&/one1 v>y+ 9 ! regul>ity ( _! /rata1 r$di% 9 color1 (t5 highly f]rug9\s1 & m or less nodul\s or por\s4 ,!y pres5t frequ5t traces ( cross-/ratification1 alt]nat+ ) regul>ly /ratifi$ horizontal b$s1 ) "h & !re an int]v5+ lay] ( clay4 ,x w\ld seem z if ! "* ( ! wat]-bas9 _h n[ *ang$1 & z if ! wat]s "u :i* ?is second =mation 0 deposit$ _h vibrat$ betwe5 /orm & calm1 _h sometimes fl[$ m g5tly1 & aga9 _h be5 toss$ to & fro1 giv+ to "s ( ! b$s ! aspect ( true torr5tial deposits4 ,inde$1 ^! s&/one =mations pres5t a great v>iety ( aspects4 ,sometimes !y are v regul>ly lam9at$1 or assume ev5 ! appe>ance ( ! h>de/ qu>tzite4 ,?is is usually ! case ) ! upp]mo/ b$s4 ,9 o!r localities1 & m especially 9 ! l[]mo/ b$s1 ! :ole mass is honeycomb$1 z if drill$ by worms or bor+ %ells1 ! h>d p>ts enclos+ s(t] s&s or clays4 ,occasionally ! f]rug9\s mat]ials prevail to su* an ext5t t "s ( ^! b$s might be mi/ak5 = bog-ore1 :ile o!rs conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( clay1 m regul>ly /ratifi$1 & alt]nat+ ) /rata ( s&/one1 ?us recall+ ! mo/ *>act]i/ic =ms ( ! ,old ,r$ or ,triassic =mations4 ,?is resemblance has1 no d\bt1 l$ to ! id5tification ( ! ,amazonian deposits ) ! m anci5t =mations ( ,europe4 ,at ,monte ,algre1 ( :i* ,i %all pres5tly speak m 9 detail1 su* a clay b$ divides ! l[] f ! upp] s&/one4 ,! ?ickness ( ^! s&/ones is extremely v>iable4 ,9 ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons prop]1 !y h>dly rise any:]e above ! level ( high wat] dur+ ! ra9y season2 :ile at l[ wat]1 9 ! summ] mon?s1 !y may be obs]v$ ev]y:]e along ! riv]-banks4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 t ! limit betwe5 high & l[ wat] gives no true measure ( ! orig9al ?ickness ( ! :ole s]ies4 ,9 ! neighborhood ( ,almeyrim1 at a %ort di/ance f ! nor!rn bank ( ! riv]1 & ne>ly p>allel ) its c\rse1 !re rises a l9e ( l[ hills1 int]rupt$ "h & !re1 b ext5d+ 9 evid5t connection f ,almeyrim ?r\gh ! region ( ,monte ,algre to ! heights ( ,obydos4 ,^! hills h attract$ ! att5tion ( travell]s1 n only f _! height1 :i* appe>s great] ?an x is1 because !y rise abruptly f an ext5sive pla91 b also on acc\nt ( _! curi\s =m2 _m ( !m be+ p]fectly level on top1 l smoo? tables1 & v abruptly divid$ f ea* o!r by l[1 int]v5+ spaces4#ii ,no?+ has hi!rto be5 kn[n ( ! geological /ructure ( ^! hills1 b !y h be5 usually repres5t$ z ! s\!rnmo/ spurs ( ! table-l& ( ,guiana4 ,on asc5d+ ! riv]1 ,i felt ! greate/ curiosity to exam9e !m2 b at ! "t ,i 0 deeply engross$ 9 /udy+ ! di/ribution ( fi%es 9 ! ,amazonian wat]s1 & 9 mak+ l>ge i*?yological collections1 = :i* x 0 v important n to miss ! season ( l[ wat]1 :5 ! fi%es are mo/ easily obta9$4 ,i 01 !re=e1 oblig$ to leave ?is mo/ int]e/+ geological problem1 & cont5t myself ) exam9+ ! /ructure ( ! valley s f> z x c\ld be se5 on ! riv]-banks & 9 ! neighborhood ( my diff]5t collect+ /ations4 ,on my return1 h[ev]1 :5 my collections 7 complet$1 ,i 0 free to pursue ?is inve/igation1 9 :i* ,major ,c\t9ho 0 z mu* int]e/$ z myself4 ,we det]m9$ to select ,monte ,algre z ! c5tre ( our exploration1 ! s]ra 9 t region be+ high] ?an else:]e4 ,z ,i 0 deta9$ by indisposition at ,manaos = "s days at ! "t we _h appo9t$ = ! excursion1 ,major ,c\t9ho prec$$ me1 & _h already made "o trip to ! s]ra1 ) "s v int]e/+ results1 :5 ,i jo9$ him1 & we took a second j\rney toge!r4 ,monte ,algre lies on a side arm ( ! ,amazons1 a little (f f its ma9 c\rse4 ,?is side arm1 call$ ! ,rio ,gurupatuba1 is simply a *annel1 runn+ p>allel ) ! ,amazons1 & cutt+ ?r\gh f a high] to a l[] po9t4 ,its dim5sions are1 h[ev]1 greatly exagg]at$ 9 all ! maps ?us f> publi%$1 :]e x is usually made to appe> z a consid]able nor!rn tribut>y ( ! ,amazons4 ,! t[n /&s on an elevat$ t]race1 sep>at$ f ! ma9 /ream by ! ,rio ,gurupatuba & by an ext5sive flat1 consi/+ ( num]\s lakes divid$ f ea* o!r by l[1 alluvial l&1 & mo/ly connect$ by n>r[ *annels4 ,to ! we/ ( ! t[n ?is t]race s9ks abruptly to a wide s&y pla9 call$ ! ,campos1 cov]$ ) a l[ =e/-gr[?1 & bord]$ on its f>!r limit by ! picturesque s]ra ( ,er]4 ,! =m ( ?is m\nta9 is s abrupt1 its rise f ! pla9s s bold & sudd51 t x seems m ?an twice its real height4 ,judg+ by ! eye & comp>+ x ) ! m\nta9s ,i _h la/ se51--! ,corcovado1 ! ,gavia1 & ,tijuca range 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio1--,i _h suppos$ x to be ?ree or f\r ?\s& feet high1 & 0 greatly a/oni%$ :5 our b>ometric obs]vations %[$ x to be some:at less ?an n9e hundr$ feet 9 its mo/ elevat$ po9t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 agrees ) ,m>tius's measurem5t ( ! ,almeyrim hills1 :i* he says are eight hundr$ feet 9 height4 ,we pass$ ?ree days 9 ! inve/igation ( ! ,s]ra ( ,er]1 & f\nd x to consi/ :olly ( ! s&/one deposits already describ$1 & to h exactly ! same geological con/itution4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,s]ra ( ,monte ,algre1 & ( c\rse all ^? connect$ ) x on ! nor!rn side ( ! riv]1 lie 9 ! prolongation ( ! l[] b$s =m+ ! banks ( ! riv]1 _! great] height be+ due simply to ! fact t !y h n be5 worn to ! same l[ level4 ,! opposite range ( ,sant>em1 :i* has ! same g5]al outl9e & "*1 %>es1 no d\bt1 ! same geological /ructure4 ,9 "o ^w1 all ^! hills 7 =m]ly "p ( a cont9u\s =mation1 & owe _! pres5t outl9e & _! isolat$ position to a colossal d5udation4 ,! surface ( ! once unbrok5 /rata1 :i* 9 _! orig9al condition mu/ h =m$ an imm5se pla9 cov]$ by wat]1 has be5 cut into rav9es or c>ri$ away ov] l>ge tracts1 to a great] or less dep?1 leav+ only su* portions /&+ z1 f _! h>dness1 c\ld resi/ ! floods :i* swept ov] x4 ,! longitud9al tr5d ( ^! hills is to be ascrib$ to ! direction ( ! curr5t :i* caus$ ! d5udation1 :ile _! level summits are due to ! regul>ity ( ! /ratification4 ,!y are n all table-topp$1 h[ev]2 among !m are _m ( small] size1 9 :i* ! sides h be5 gradually worn d[n1 produc+ a g5tly r\nd$ surface4 ,( c\rse1 "u ! heavy tropical ra9s ?is d5udation is /ill go+ on1 ?\gh 9 a greatly modifi$ =m4 ,i _c speak ( ?is ,s]ra )\t allud+ to ! great beauty & extraord9>y ext5t ( ! view to be obta9$ f x4 ,inde$1 x 0 "h t = ! fir/ "t ! geography ( ! c\ntry pres5t$ itself to my m9d z a liv+ reality 9 all its complet5ess4 ,insignificant z is its actual height1 ! ,s]ra ( ,er] comm&s a wid] prospect ?an is to be _h f _m a m impos+ m\nta92 = ! surr\nd+ pla91 cov]$ ) =e/s & pl\gh$ by c\ntless riv]s1 /ret*es away = hundr$s ( leagues 9 e direction1 )\t any object to ob/ruct ! view4 ,/&+ on ! br[ ( ! ,s]ra1 ) ! num]\s lakes int]sect+ ! l[l&s at its base1 y look across ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 z f> z ! eye c rea*1 & ?r\gh its c5tre y foll[ = miles on ei!r side ! broad flood ( ! great riv]1 c>ry+ its yell[ wat]s to ! sea4 ,z ,i /ood !re1 panoramas f ! ,swiss m\nta9s came up to my memory1 & ,i fanci$ myself on ! ,alps1 look+ across ! pla9 ( ,switz]l& in/ead ( ! b$ ( ! ,amazons2 ! di/ant l9e ( ! ,sant>em hills on ! s\!rn bank ( ! riv]1 & l[] ?an ! nor!rn *a91 repres5t+ ! ,jura range4 ,z if to complete ! comp>ison1 ,alp9e li*5s 7 gr[+ among ! cacti & palms1 & a cru/ ( ,arctic cryptogam\s gr[? cov]$ rocks1 betwe5 :i* sprang tropical fl[]s4 ,on ! nor!rn flank ( ?is ,s]ra ,i f\nd ! only g5u9e erratic b\ld]s ,i h se5 9 ! :ole l5g? ( ! ,amazonian ,valley f ,p> to ! fronti] ( ,p]u1 ?\gh !re are _m deta*$ masses ( rock1 z1 = in/ance1 at ,p$reira1 ne> ! junction ( ! ,rio ,negro & ,rio ,branco1 :i* might be mi/ak5 = !m1 b are due to ! decomposition ( ! rocks 9 place4 ,! b\ld]s ( ,er] are entirely di/9ct f ! rock ( ! ,s]ra1 & consi/ ( masses ( compact hornbl5de4 ,x w\ld seem t ^! two ranges skirt+ a "p ( ! nor!rn & s\!rn banks ( ! ,l[] ,amazons are n ! only remnants ( ?is ar5ace\s =mation 9 its primitive altitude4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,rio ,japura1 9 ! ,s]ra ( ,cupati1 ,major ,c\t9ho has f\nd ! same b$s ris+ to ! same height4 ,x ?us appe>s1 by positive evid5ce1 t ov] an ext5t ( a ?\s& miles ^! deposits _h a v consid]able ?ickness1 9 ! pres5t direction ( ! valley4 ,h[ f> !y ext5d$ 9 wid? has n be5 asc]ta9$ by direct obs]vation2 = we h n se5 h[ !y s9k away to ! nor?w>d1 & t[>ds ! s\? ! d5udation has be5 s complete t1 except 9 ! v l[ range ( hills 9 ! neighborhood ( ,sant>em1 !y d n rise above ! pla94 ,b ! fact t ?is =mation once _h a ?ickness ( m ?an eight hundr$ feet )9 ! limits :]e we h _h an opportunity ( obs]v+ x1 leaves no d\bt t x mu/ h ext5d$ to ! edge ( ! bas91 fill+ x to ! same height ?r\gh\t its :ole ext5t4 ,! ?ickness ( ! deposits gives a measure = ! colossal scale ( ! d5udations by :i* ?is imm5se accumulation 0 r$uc$ to its pres5t level4 ,"h1 !n1 is a sy/em ( high hills1 hav+ ! prom95ce ( m\nta9s 9 ! l&scape1 produc$ by causes to ^: ag5cy inequalities on ! e>?'s surface ( ?is magnitude h nev] yet be5 ascrib$4 ,we may fairly call !m d5udation m\nta9s4 ,at ?is /age ( ! inquiry we h to acc\nt = two rem>kable ph5om5a1--fir/1 ! fill+ ( ! ,amazonian bottom ) co>se ar5ace\s mat]ials & f9ely lam9at$ clays1 imm$iately foll[$ by s&/ones ris+ to a height ( m ?an eight hundr$ feet above ! sea1 ! bas9 mean:ile hav+ no rocky b>ri] t[>ds ! ocean on its ea/]n side2 secondly1 ! we>+ away & r$uction ( ^! =mations to _! pres5t level by a d5udation m ext5sive ?an any ?us f> record$ 9 ! annals ( geology1 :i* has giv5 rise to all ! mo/ prom95t hills & m\nta9-*a9s along ! nor!rn bank ( ! riv]4 ,be=e seek+ an explanation ( ^! facts1 let u look at ! ?ird & upp]mo/ deposit4 ,?is deposit is ess5tially ! same z ! ,rio drift2 b 9 ! nor? x pres5ts itself "u a some:at diff]5t aspect4 ,z 9 ,rio1 x is a clayey deposit1 conta9+ m or less s&1 & r$di% 9 color1 ?\gh v>y+ f deep o*re to a br[ni% t9t4 ,x is n s absolutely de/itute ( /ratification "h z 9 its m s\!rn range1 ?\gh ! traces ( /ratification are r>e1 &1 :5 !y d occur1 are fa9t & indi/9ct4 ,! mat]ials are also m completely comm9ut$1 &1 z ,i said above1 conta9 h>dly any l>ge masses1 ?\gh qu>tz pebbles are sometimes scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! deposit1 & occasionally a ?9 seam ( pebbles1 exactly z 9 ! ,rio drift1 is se5 re/+ betwe5 x & ! und]ly+ s&/one4 ,9 "s places ?is b$ ( pebbles int]sects ev5 ! mass ( ! clay1 giv+ x1 9 su* in/ances1 an unque/ionably /ratifi$ "*4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is m rec5t =mation re/s uncon=mably ^u ! s&/one b$s b5ea? x2 = x fills all ! inequalities ( _! d5udat$ surfaces1 :e!r !y be m or less limit$ furr[s1 or wide1 undulat+ depressions4 ,x may be se5 ev]y:]e along ! banks ( ! riv]1 above ! /ratifi$ s&/one1 sometimes ) ! riv]-mud accumulat$ aga9/ x2 at ! season ( ! en*5te1 or high wat]1 x is ! only =mation left expos$ above ! wat]-level4 ,its ?ickness is n great2 x v>ies f tw5ty or ?irty to fifty feet1 & may occasionally rise ne>ly to a hundr$ feet 9 height1 ?\gh ?is is r>ely ! case4 ,x is evid5t t ?is =mation also 0 once cont9u\s1 /ret*+ ov] ! :ole bas9 at "o level4 ,?\gh x is n[ worn d[n 9 _m places1 & has :olly disappe>$ 9 o!rs1 its connection may be readily trac$2 s9ce x is ev]y:]e visible1 n only on opposite banks ( ! ,amazons1 b also on ^? ( all its tribut>ies1 z f> z _! %ores h be5 exam9$4 ,i h said t x re/s always above ! s&/one b$s4 ,?is is true1 ) "o exception4 ,:]ev] ! s&/one deposits reta9 _! orig9al ?ickness1 z 9 ! hills ( ,monte ,algre & ,almeyrim1 ! r$ clay is n f\nd on _! summits1 b occurs only 9 _! rav9es & holl[s1 or re/+ aga9/ _! sides4 ,?is %[s t x is n only po/]ior to ! s&/one1 b 0 accumulat$ 9 a %all[] bas91 & consequ5tly nev] rea*$ s high a level4 ,! b\ld]s ( ,er] d n re/ on ! /ratifi$ s&/one ( ! ,s]ra1 b are sunk 9 ! un/ratifi$ mass ( ! clay4 ,?is %\ld be rememb]$1 z x w pres5tly be se5 t _! position associates !m ) a lat] p]iod ?an t ( ! m\nta9 itself4 ,! uncon=mability ( ! o*race\s clay & ! und]ly+ s&/ones might lead to ! idea t ! two =mations belong to di/9ct geological p]iods1 & are n due to ! same ag5cy act+ at successive times4 ,"o feature1 h[ev]1 %[s _! close connection4 ,! o*race\s clay exhibits a rem>kable id5tity ( configuration ) ! und]ly+ s&/ones4 ,an ext5sive survey ( ! two1 9 _! mutual relations1 %[s cle>ly t !y 7 bo? deposit$ by ! same wat]-sy/em )9 ! same bas91 b at diff]5t levels4 ,"h & !re ! clay =mation has s pale & grayi% a t9t t x may be conf\nd$ ) ! mud deposits ( ! riv]4 ,^! latt]1 h[ev]1 nev] rise s high z ! o*race\s clay1 b are ev]y:]e conf9$ )9 ! limits ( high & l[ wat]4 ,! isl&s also1 9 ! ma9 c\rse ( ! ,amazons1 consi/ inv>iably ( riv]-mud2 :ile ^? aris+ f ! int]section & cutt+ (f ( portions ( ! l& by div]g+ bran*es ( ! ma9 /ream always consi/ ( ! well-kn[n s&/ones1 capp$ by ! o*re-color$ clay4 ,x may truly be said t !re does n exi/ on ! surface ( ! e>? a =mation kn[n to geologi/s resembl+ t ( ! ,amazons4 ,its ext5t is /up5d\s2 x /ret*es f ! ,atlantic %ore1 ?r\gh ! :ole wid? ( ,brazil1 into ,p]u1 to ! v foot ( ! ,&es4 ,humboldt speaks ( x 89 ! va/ pla9s ( ! ,amazons1 9 ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ,ja5 de ,bracamoros10 & says1 8,?is prodigi\s ext5sion ( r$ s&/one 9 ! l[ gr\nds /ret*+ along ! ea/ ( ! ,&es is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ph5om5a ,i obs]v$ dur+ my exam9ation ( rocks 9 ! equ9octial regions40#ajj ,:5 ! great natural philosoph] wrote ^! l9es1 he _h no idea h[ mu* ^! deposits ext5d$ beyond ! field ( 8 obs]vations4 ,inde$1 !y are n limit$ to ! ma9 b$ ( ! ,amazons2 !y h be5 foll[$ along ! banks ( its tribut>ies to ! s\? & nor? z f> z ^! h be5 asc5d$4 ,!y occur on ! m>g9s ( ! ,huallaga & ! ,ucayale1 on ^? ( ! ,ia1 ! ,hyutahy1 ! ,hyurua1 ! ,hyapura1 & ! ,purus4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,hyapura1 :]e ,major ,c\t9ho has trac$ !m1 !y are f\nd z f> z ! ,cat>act ( ,cupati4 ,i h foll[$ !m along ! ,rio ,negro to its junction ) ! ,rio ,branco2 & ,humboldt n only describes !m f a high] po9t on ?is same riv]1 b also f ! valley ( ! ,or9oco4 ,f9ally1 !y may be track$ along ! banks ( ! ,madeira1 ! ,tapajos1 ! ,x+u1 & ! ,tocant9s1 z well z on ! %ores ( ! ,guatuma1 ! ,trombetas1 & o!r nor!rn afflu5ts ( ! ,amazons4 ,! obs]vations ( ,m>tius1 ^? ( ,g>dn]1 & ! rec5t survey above allud$ to1 made by my assi/ant1 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john1 ( ! valley ( ! ,rio ,guruguea & t ( ! ,rio ,p>anahyba1 %[ t ! great bas9 ( ,piauhy is also id5tical 9 its geological /ructure ) ! lat]al valleys ( ! ,amazons4 ,! same is true ( ! l>ge isl& ( ,m>ajo1 ly+ at ! m\? ( ! ,amazons4 ,& yet ,i believe t ev5 ?is does n cov] ! :ole gr\nd1 & t "s future writ] may say ( my e/imate1 z ,i h said ( ,humboldt's1 t x falls %ort ( ! tru?2 =1 if my g5]alizations are correct1 ! same =mation w be f\nd ext5d+ ov] ! :ole bas9 ( ! ,p>aguay & ! ,rio de la ,plata1 & along _! tribut>ies1 to ! v he>t ( ! ,&es4 ,su* are ! facts4 ,! "q n[ arises1 ,h[ 7 ^! va/ deposits =m$8 ,! easie/ answ]1 & ! "o :i* mo/ readily sugge/s itself1 is t ( a subm]sion ( ! cont95t at successive p]iods1 to all[ ! accumulation ( ^! mat]ials1 & its subsequ5t elevation4 ,i reject ?is explanation = ! simple reason t ! deposits %[ no sign :atev] ( a m>9e orig94 ,no sea-%ells1 nor rema9s ( any m>9e animal1 h z yet be5 f\nd ?r\gh\t _! :ole ext5t1 ov] a region sev]al ?\s& miles 9 l5g? & f five to sev5 hundr$ miles 9 wid?4 ,x is contr>y to all our k ( geological deposits to suppose t an ocean bas9 ( ?is size1 :i* mu/ h be5 subm]g$ dur+ an imm5sely long p]iod 9 ord] to accumulate =mations ( su* a ?ickness1 %\ld n conta9 num]\s rema9s ( ! animals =m]ly inhabit+ x4#aja ,! only fossil rema9s ( any k9d truly belong+ to x1 :i* ,i h f\nd 9 ! =mation1 are leaves tak5 f ! l[] clays on ! banks ( ! ,solimo5s at ,tonant9s2 & ^! %[ a vegetation simil> 9 g5]al "* to t :i* prevails !re to-day4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 ?is bas9 0 a fre%-wat] bas92 ^! deposits are fre%-wat] deposits4 ,b z ! valley ( ! ,amazons exi/s to-day1 x is widely op5 to ! ocean on ! ea/1 ) a g5tle slope f ! ,&es to ! ,atlantic1 det]m9+ a p[]ful seaw>d curr5t4 ,:5 ^! va/ accumulations took place1 ! bas9 mu/ h be5 clos$2 o!rwise ! loose mat]ials w\ld con/antly h be5 c>ri$ d[n to ! ocean4 ,x is my belief t all ^! deposits belong to ! ice-p]iod 9 its e>li] or lat] phases1 & to ?is cosmic w9t]1 :i*1 judg+ f all ! ph5om5a connect$ ) x1 may h la/$ = ?\s&s ( c5turies1 we mu/ look = ! key to ! geological hi/ory ( ! ,amazonian ,valley4 ,i am aw>e t ?is sugge/ion w appe> extravagant4 ,b is x1 aft] all1 s improbable t1 :5 ,c5tral ,europe 0 cov]$ ) ice ?\s&s ( feet ?ick2 :5 ! glaci]s ( ,great ,brita9 pl\gh$ into ! sea1 & :5 ^? ( ! ,swiss m\nta9s _h t5 times _! pres5t altitude2 :5 e lake 9 ,nor!rn ,italy 0 fill$ ) ice1 & ^! froz5 masses ext5d$ ev5 into ,nor!rn ,africa2 :5 a %eet ( ice1 rea*+ ne>ly to ! summit ( ,m\nt ,wa%+ton 9 ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s 7t is1 hav+ a ?ickness ( ne>ly six ?\s& feet71 mov$ ov] ! cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica1--is x s improbable t1 9 ?is epo* ( univ]sal cold1 ! valley ( ! ,amazons also _h its glaci] p\r$ d[n into x f ! accumulations ( sn[ 9 ! ,cordill]as1 & swoll5 lat]ally by ! tribut>y glaci]s desc5d+ f ! table-l&s ( ,guiana & ,brazil8 ,! movem5t ( ?is imm5se glaci] mu/ h be5 ea/w>d1 det]m9$ z well by ! va/ res]voirs ( sn[ 9 ! ,&es z by ! direction ( ! valley itself4 ,x mu/ h pl\gh$ ! valley-bottom ov] & ov] aga91 gr9d+ all ! mat]ials b5ea? x into a f9e p[d] or r$uc+ !m to small pebbles1 & x mu/ h accumulat$ at its l[] end a mora9e ( proportions z gigantic z its own2 ?us build+ a colossal sea-wall across ! m\? ( ! valley4 ,i %all be ask$ at once :e!r ,i h f\nd "h also ! glacial inscriptions1--! furr[s1 /ri1 & poli%$ surfaces s *>act]i/ic ( ! gr\nd ov] :i* glaci]s h travell$4 ,i answ]1 n a trace ( !m2 = ! simple reason t !re is n a natural rock-surface to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,amazonian ,valley4 ,! rocks !mselves are ( s friable a nature1 & ! decomposition caus$ by ! w>m torr5tial ra9s & by exposure to ! burn+ sun ( ! tropics s great & unceas+1 t x is hopeless to look = m>ks :i* 9 cold] climates & on h>d] sub/ances are pres]v$ ?r\gh ages un*ang$4 ,) ! exception ( ! r\nd$ surfaces s well kn[n 9 ,switz]l& z ! ro*es m\tonnes h]et(ore allud$ to1 :i* may be se5 9 _m localities1 & ! b\ld]s ( ,er]1 ! direct traces ( glaci]s z se5 9 o!r c\ntries are want+ 9 ,brazil4 ,i am1 inde$1 q will+ to admit t1 f ! nature ( ! circum/ances1 ,i h n "h ! positive evid5ce :i* has guid$ me 9 my previ\s glacial inve/igations4 ,my conviction 9 ?is in/ance is f\nd$1 fir/1 on ! mat]ials 9 ! ,amazonian ,valley1 :i* correspond exactly 9 _! "* to mat]ials accumulat$ 9 glaci] bottoms2 secondly1 on ! resemblance ( ! upp] or ?ird ,amazonian =mation to ! ,rio drift1#ajb ( ! glacial orig9 ( :i* !re _c1 9 my op9ion1 be any d\bt2 ?irdly1 on ! fact t ?is fre%-wat] bas9 mu/ h be5 clos$ aga9/ ! sea by "s p[]ful b>ri]1 ! removal ( :i* w\ld naturally give an outlet to ! wat]s1 & cause ! extraord9>y d5udations1 ! evid5ces ( :i* meet u ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! valley4 ,on a small] scale1 ph5om5a ( ?is k9d h long be5 famili> to u4 ,9 ! pres5t lakes ( ,nor!rn ,italy1 9 ^? ( ,switz]l&1 ,norway1 & ,sw$51 z well z 9 ^? ( ,new ,engl&1 especially 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ma9e1 ! wat]s are held back 9 _! bas9s by mora9es4 ,9 ! ice-p]iod ^! depressions 7 fill$ ) glaci]s1 :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 accumulat$ at _! l[] end a wall ( loose mat]ials4 ,^! walls /ill rema91 & s]ve z dams to prev5t ! escape ( ! wat]s4 ,b = _! mora9es1 all ^! lakes w\ld be op5 valleys4 ,9 ! ,roads ( ,gl5 ,roy1 9 ,scotl&1 we h an in/ance ( a fre%-wat] lake1 :i* has n[ :olly disappe>$1 =m$ 9 ! same mann]1 & r$uc$ successively to l[] & l[] levels by ! break+ d[n or we>+ away ( ! mora9es :i* orig9ally prev5t$ its wat]s f fl[+ out4 ,assum+ !n t1 "u ! l[ temp]ature ( ! ice-p]iod1 ! climatic conditions necess>y = ! =mation ( l&-ice exi/$ 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 & t x 0 actually fill$ ) an imm5se glaci]1 x foll[s t1 :5 ^! fields ( ice yield$ to a gradual *ange ( climate1 & sl[ly melt$ away1 ! :ole bas91 !n clos$ aga9/ ! sea by a huge wall ( dbris1 0 trans=m$ into a va/ fre%-wat] lake4 ,! fir/ effect ( ! ?aw+ process mu/ h be5 to sep>ate ! glaci] f its f\ndation1 rais+ x f imm$iate contact ) ! valley bottom1 & ?us giv+ room = ! accumulation ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( wat] b5ea? x2 :ile ! valley z a :ole w\ld /ill be occupi$ by ! glaci]4 ,9 ?is %all[ %eet ( wat] "u ! ice1 & protect$ by x f any viol5t di/urbance1 ^? f9] triturat$ mat]ials always f\nd at a glaci] bottom1 & gr\nd sometimes to p[d] by its action1 w\ld be deposit$1 & gradually trans=m$ f an un/ratifi$ pa/e conta9+ ! f9e/ s& & mud1 toge!r ) co>se pebbles & gravel1 into a regul>ly /ratifi$ =mation4 ,9 ?is =mation ! co>se mat]ials w\ld ( c\rse fall to ! bottom1 :ile ! mo/ m9ute w\ld settle above !m4 ,x is at ?is "t & "u su* circum/ances t ,i believe ! fir/ =mation ( ! ,amazonian ,valley1 ) ! co>se1 pebbly s& b5ea?1 & ! f9ely lam9at$ clays above1 to h be5 accumulat$4 ,i %all p]haps be rem9d$ "h ( my fossil leaves1 & ask$ h[ any vegetation w\ld be possible "u su* circum/ances4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$1 t1 9 consid]+ all ^! p]iods1 we mu/ all[ = imm5se lapses ( "t & = v gradual *anges2 t ! close ( ?is fir/ p]iod w\ld be v diff]5t f its beg9n+2 & t a ri* vegetation spr+s on ! v bord]s ( ! sn[ & ice fields 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! fact t ^! 7 accumulat$ 9 a glacial bas9 w\ld1 inde$1 at once acc\nt = ! traces ( vegetable life1 & = ! abs5ce1 or at lea/ ! great sc>city1 ( animal rema9s 9 ^! deposits4 ,= :ile fruits may rip5 & fl[]s bloom on ! v edge ( ! glaci]s1 x is also well kn[n t ! fre%-wat] lakes =m$ by ! melt+ ( ! ice are s+ul>ly defici5t 9 life4 ,!re are1 inde$1 h>dly any animals to be f\nd 9 glacial lakes4 ,! second =mation belongs to a lat] p]iod1 :51 ! :ole body ( ice be+ m or less dis9tegrat$1 ! bas9 conta9$ a l>g] quantity ( wat]4 ,beside t aris+ f ! melt+ ( ! ice1 ?is imm5se valley bottom mu/ h receiv$1 !n z n[1 all :i* 0 cond5s$ f ! atmosph]e above1 & p\r$ into x 9 ! =m ( ra9 or dew at pres5t4 ,?us an am\nt ( wat] equal to t fl[+ 9 f all ! tribut>ies ( ! ma9 /ream mu/ h be5 ru%+ t[>ds ! axis ( ! valley1 seek+ its natural level1 b spread+ ov] a m ext5sive surface ?an n[1 until1 f9ally ga!r$ up z sep>ate riv]s1 x fl[$ 9 di/9ct b$s4 ,9 its g5]al movem5t t[>d ! c5tral & l[] "p ( ! valley1 ! broad /ream w\ld c>ry along all ! mat]ials small en\gh to be s transport$1 z well z ^? s m9ute z to rema9 susp5d$ 9 ! wat]s4 ,x w\ld gradually deposit !m 9 ! valley bottom 9 horizontal b$s m or less regul>1 or "h & !re1 :]ev] eddies gave rise to m rapid & irregul> curr5ts1 *>act]iz$ by torr5tial /ratification4 ,?us has be5 consolidat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ages ! cont9u\s s& =mation spread+ ov] ! :ole ,amazonian bas91 & atta9+ a ?ickness ( eight hundr$ feet4 ,:ile ^! accumulations 7 tak+ place )9 ?is bas91 x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! sea 0 beat+ aga9/ its out] wall1--aga9/ t gigantic mora9e :i* ,i suppose to h clos$ x at its ea/]n end4 ,x w\ld seem t1 ei!r f ?is cause1 or p]haps 9 consequ5ce ( "s turbul5t action f )91 a break 0 made 9 ?is def5ce1 & ! wat]s ru%$ viol5tly out4 ,x is v possible t ! wat]s1 gradually swoll5 at ! close ( ?is p]iod by ! fur!r melt+ ( ! ice1 by ! additions p\r$ 9 f lat]al tribut>ies1 by ! ra9s1 & also by ! fill+ ( ! bas9 ) loose mat]ials1 w\ld ov]fl[1 & ?us contribute to de/roy ! mora9e4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x foll[s f my premises t1 9 ! end1 ^! wat]s obta9$ a sudd5 release1 & p\r$ seaw>d ) a viol5ce :i* cut & d5ud$ ! deposits already =m$1 we>+ !m d[n to a mu* l[] level1 & leav+ only a few remnants /&+ out 9 _! orig9al ?ickness1 :]e ! /rata 7 solid en\gh to resi/ ! action ( ! curr5ts4 ,su* are ! hills ( ,monte ,algre1 ( ,obydos1 ,almeyrim1 & ,cupati1 z well z ! l[] ridges ( ,sant>em4 ,?is escape ( ! wat]s did n1 h[ev]1 entirely empty ! :ole bas92 = ! p]iod ( d5udation 0 aga9 foll[$ by "o ( quiet accumulation1 dur+ :i* 0 deposit$ ! o*race\s s&y clay re/+ ^u ! d5udat$ surfaces ( ! und]ly+ s&/one4 ,to ?is p]iod ,i ref] ! b\ld]s ( ,er]1 sunk z !y are 9 ! clay ( ?is f9al deposit4 ,i suppose !m to h be5 br\ght to _! pres5t position by float+ ice at ! close ( ! glacial p]iod1 :5 no?+ rema9$ ( ! ice-fields except su* isolat$ masses1--ice-rafts z x 72 or p]haps by iceb]gs dropp$ into ! bas9 f glaci]s /ill rema9+ 9 ! ,&es & on ! edges ( ! plateaus ( ,guiana & ,brazil4 ,f ! g5]al abs5ce ( /ratification 9 ?is clay =mation1 x w\ld seem t ! comp>atively %all[ %eet ( wat] 9 :i* x 0 deposit$ 0 v tranquil4 ,inde$1 aft] ! wat]s _h sunk mu* bel[ ! level :i* !y held dur+ ! deposition ( ! s&/one1 & ! curr5ts :i* gave rise to ! d5udation ( ! latt] _h ceas$1 ! :ole %eet ( wat] w\ld naturally become mu* m placid4 ,b ! "t arriv$ :5 ! wat] broke ?r\gh its b\nd>ies aga91 p]haps ow+ to ! fur!r encroa*m5t ( ! sea & consequ5t de/ruction ( ! mora9e4#ajc ,9 ?is second dra9age1 h[ev]1 ! wat]s1 c>ry+ away a consid]able "p ( ! new deposit1 furr[+ x to its v f\ndation1 & ev5 cutt+ ?r\gh x into ! und]ly+ s&/one1 71 9 ! end1 r$uc$ to some?+ l _! pres5t level1 & conf9$ )9 _! pres5t b$s4 ,?is is %[n by ! fact t 9 ?is o*re-color$ clay1 & p5etrat+ to a great] or less dep? ! s&/one bel[1 are dug1 n only ! great longitud9al *annel ( ! ,amazons itself1 b also ! lat]al furr[s ?r\gh :i* its tribut>ies rea* ! ma9 /ream1 & ! network ( ana/omos+ bran*es fl[+ betwe5 !m2 ! :ole =m+ ! mo/ extraord9>y riv] sy/em 9 ! _w4 ,my assumption t ! sea has produc$ v ext5sive *anges 9 ! coa/ ( ,brazil--*anges m ?an suffici5t to acc\nt = ! disappe>ance ( ! glacial wall :i* ,i suppose to h clos$ ! ,amazonian ,valley 9 ! ice p]iod--is by no means hypo!tical4 ,?is action is /ill go+ on to a rem>kable degree1 & is ev5 n[ rapidly modify+ ! outl9e ( ! %ore4 ,:5 ,i fir/ arriv$ at ,p>1 ,i 0 /ruck ) ! fact t ! ,amazons1 ! l>ge/ riv] 9 ! _w1 has no delta4 ,all ! o!r riv]s :i* we call great1 ?\gh "s ( !m are insignificant z comp>$ ) ! ,amazons1--! ,mississippi1 ! ,nile1 ! ,ganges1 & ! ,danube1--deposit ext5sive deltas1 & ! small] riv]s also1 ) few exceptions1 are con/antly build+ up ! l& at _! m\?s by ! mat]ials !y br+ along ) !m4 ,ev5 ! little riv] ,k&]1 empty+ into ! lake ( ,?un1 is n )\t its delta4 ,s9ce my return f ! ,upp] ,amazons to ,p>1 ,i h made an exam9ation ( "s ( ! h>bor isl&s1 & also ( p>ts ( ! coa/1 & h satisfi$ myself t1 ) ! exception ( a few small1 l[ isl&s1 nev] ris+ above ! sea-level1 & compos$ ( alluvial deposit1 !y are portions ( ! ma9-l& deta*$ f x1 p>tly by ! action ( ! riv] itself1 & p>tly by ! encroa*m5t ( ! ocean4 ,9 fact1 ! sea is eat+ away ! l& mu* fa/] ?an ! riv] c build x up4 ,! great isl& ( ,m>ajo 0 orig9ally a cont9uation ( ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 & is id5tical ) x 9 e detail ( its geological /ructure4 ,my inve/igation ( ! isl& itself1 9 connection ) ! coa/ & ! riv]1 leads me to suppose t1 hav+ be5 at "o "t an integral "p ( ! deposits describ$ above1 at a lat] p]iod x became an isl& 9 ! b$ ( ! ,amazons1 :i*1 divid+ 9 two arms1 encircl$ x completely1 & !n1 jo9+ aga9 to =m a s+le /ream1 fl[$ onw>d to ! sea-%ore1 :i* 9 ^? days lay mu* f>!r to ! ea/w>d ?an x n[ does4 ,i suppose ! position ( ! isl& ( ,m>ajo at t "t to h correspond$ v ne>ly to ! pres5t position ( ! isl& ( ,tup9amb>anas1 j at ! junction ( ! ,madeira ) ! ,amazons4 ,x is a "q among geograph]s :e!r ! ,tocant9s is a bran* ( ! ,amazons1 or %\ld be consid]$ z =m+ an indep5d5t riv] sy/em4 ,x w be se5 t1 if my view is correct1 x mu/ =m]ly h borne ! same relation to ! ,amazons t ! ,madeira ,riv] n[ does1 jo9+ x j :]e ,m>ajo divid$ ! ma9 /ream1 z ! ,madeira n[ jo9s x at ! head ( ! isl& ( ,tup9amb>anas4 ,if 9 c\ntless c5turies to come ! ocean %\ld cont9ue to eat its way into ! ,valley ( ! ,amazons1 once m trans=m+ ! l[] "p ( ! bas9 into a gulf1 z x 0 dur+ ! cretace\s p]iod1 ! "t might arrive :5 geograph]s1 f9d+ ! ,madeira empty+ almo/ imm$iately into ! sea1 w\ld ask !mselves :e!r x _h ev] be5 inde$ a bran* ( ! ,amazons1 j z !y n[ "q :e!r ! ,tocant9s is a tribut>y ( ! ma9 /ream or an indep5d5t riv]4 ,b to return to ,m>ajo1 & to ! facts actually 9 our possession4 ,! isl& is int]sect$1 9 its s\!a/]n end1 by a consid]able riv] call$ ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e4 ,! cut made ?r\gh ! l& by ?is /ream seems int5d$ to s]ve z a geological section1 s p]fectly does x display ! ?ree *>act]i/ic ,amazonian =mations above describ$4 ,at its m\?1 ne> ! t[n ( ,s\r1 & at ,salvat]ra1 on ! opposite bank1 may be se51 l[e/1 ! well-/ratifi$ s&/one1 ) ! f9ely lam9at$ clays re/+ ^u x1 ov]topp$ by a cru/2 !n ! cross-/ratifi$1 highly f]rug9\s s&/one1 ) qu>tz pebbles "h & !re2 &1 above all1 ! well-kn[n o*race\s1 un/ratifi$ s&y clay1 spread+ ov] ! undulat+ surface ( ! d5udat$ s&/one1 foll[+ all its inequalities1 & fill+ all its depressions & furr[s4 ,b :ile ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e has dug its *annel d[n to ! sea1 cutt+ ^! =mations1 z ,i asc]ta9$1 to a dep? ( tw5ty-five fa?oms1 x has ?us op5$ ! way = ! encroa*m5ts ( ! tides1 & ! ocean is n[1 9 its turn1 ga9+ ^u ! l&4 ,7 !re no o!r evid5ce ( ! action ( ! tides 9 ?is locality1 ! /eep cut ( ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e1 contra/+ ) ! g5tle slope ( ! banks ne> its m\?1 :]ev] !y h be5 modifi$ by ! invasion ( ! sea1 w\ld enable u to di/+ui% ! "w ( ! riv] f t ( ! ocean1 & to prove t ! d5udation n[ go+ on is due 9 "p to bo?4 ,b besides ?is1 ,i 0 s =tunate z to discov]1 on my rec5t excursion1 unmi/akable & p]fectly conv9c+ evid5ce ( ! onw>d movem5t ( ! sea4 ,at ! m\? ( ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e1 bo? at ,s\r & at ,salvat]ra1 on ! s\!rn side ( ! ,ig>ap1 is a subm]g$ =e/4 ,evid5tly ?is =e/ grew 9 "o ( ^? m>%y l&s con/antly inundat$1 = betwe5 ! /umps is accumulat$ ! loose1 felt-l peat *>act]i/ic ( su* gr\nds1 & conta9+ ab\t z mu* mud z vegetable matt]4 ,su* a m>%y =e/1 ) ! /umps ( ! trees /ill /&+ erect 9 ! peat1 has be5 laid b>e on bo? sides ( ! ,ig>ap ,gr&e by ! encroa*m5ts ( ! ocean4 ,t ?is is ! "w ( ! sea is und5iable1 = all ! little depressions & ind5tations ( ! peat are fill$ ) sea-s&1 & a ridge ( tidal s& divides x f ! =e/ /ill /&+ beh9d4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,at ,vigia1 imm$iately opposite to ,s\r1 on ! cont95tal side ( ! ,p> ,riv]1 j :]e x meets ! sea1 we h ! c\nt]p>t ( ?is subm]g$ =e/4 ,ano!r peat-bog1 ) ! /umps ( innum]able trees /&+ 9 x1 & encroa*$ ^u 9 ! same way by tidal s&1 is expos$ "h also4 ,no d\bt ^! =e/s 7 once all cont9u\s1 & /ret*$ across ! :ole bas9 ( :at is n[ call$ ! ,p> ,riv]4 ,s9ce ,i h be5 pursu+ ?is inquiry1 ,i h ga!r$ mu* in=mation to ! same effect f p]sons liv+ on ! coa/4 ,x is well rememb]$ t1 tw5ty ye>s ago1 !re exi/$ an isl&1 m ?an a mile 9 wid?1 to ! nor!a/ ( ! entrance ( ! ,bay ( ,vigia1 :i* has n[ entirely disappe>$4 ,f>!r ea/w>d1 ! ,bay ( ,braganza has d\bl$ its wid? 9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 & on ! %ore1 )9 ! bay1 ! sea has ga9$ ^u ! l& = a di/ance ( two hundr$ y>ds dur+ a p]iod ( only t5 ye>s4 ,! latt] fact is asc]ta9$ by ! position ( "s h\ses1 :i* 7 two hundr$ y>ds f>!r f ! sea t5 ye>s ago ?an !y n[ are4 ,f ^! & ! l reports1 f my own obs]vations on ?is "p ( ! ,brazilian coa/1 f "s inve/igations made by ,major ,c\t9ho at ! m\? ( ! ,amazons on its nor!rn cont95tal %ore ne> ,macapa1 & f ! reports ( ,mr4 ,/4 ,john respect+ ! =mations 9 ! valley ( ! ,p>anahyba1 x is my belief t ! *anges ,i h be5 describ+ are b a small "p ( ! de/ruction wr\ght by ! sea on ! nor?-ea/]n %ore ( ?is cont95t4 ,i ?9k x w be f\nd1 :5 ! coa/ has be5 fully survey$1 t a /rip ( l& n less ?an a hundr$ leagues 9 wid?1 /ret*+ f ,cape ,/4 ,roque to ! nor!rn extremity ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 has be5 eat5 away by ! ocean4 ,if ?is be s1 ! ,p>anahyba & ! riv]s to ! nor?we/ ( x1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,m>anham1 7 =m]ly tribut>ies ( ! ,amazons2 & all t we "k ?us f> ( _! geological "* goes to prove t ?is 0 actually ! case4 ,su* an ext5sive oceanic d5udation mu/ h c>ri$ away n only ! gigantic glacial mora9e "h assum$ to h clos$ ! m\? ( ! ,amazonian bas91 b ! v gr\nd on :i* x =m]ly /ood4 ,al?\gh ! t]m9al mora9e has disappe>$1 !re is1 h[ev]1 no reason :y p>ts ( ! lat]al mora9es %\ld n rema94 ,& ,i expect 9 my approa*+ visit to ,ce> to f9d traces ( ! s\!rn lat]al mora9e 9 t neighborhood4 ,dur+ ! la/ f\r or five ye>s ,i h be5 engag$ 9 a s]ies ( inve/igations1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ^u ! subject ( ! d5udations connect$ ) ! close ( ! glacial p]iod !re1 & ! encroa*m5ts ( ! ocean ^u ! drift deposits along ! ,atlantic coa/4 ,_h ^! inve/igations be5 publi%$ 9 detail1 ) ! necess>y maps1 x w\ld h be5 f> easi] = me to expla9 ! facts ,i h lately obs]v$ 9 ! ,amazonian ,valley1 to connect !m ) facts ( a l "* on ! cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 & to %[ h[ rem>kably !y correspond ) facts accompli%$ dur+ ! same p]iod 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,:ile ! glacial epo* itself has be5 v ext5sively /udi$ 9 ! la/ half-c5tury1 little att5tion has be5 paid to ! results connect$ ) ! break+ up ( ! geological w9t] & ! f9al disappe>ance ( ! ice4 ,i believe t ! true explanation ( ! pres5ce ( a l>ge "p ( ! sup]ficial deposits lately ascrib$ to ! ag5cy ( ! sea1 dur+ tempor>y subsid5ces ( ! l&1 w be f\nd 9 ! melt+ ( ! ice-fields4 ,to ?is cause ,i w\ld ref] all ^? deposits :i* ,i h designat$ z remodell$ drift4 ,:5 ! %eet ( ice1 ext5d+ f ! ,arctic regions ov] a great "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica & com+ d[n to ! sea1 sl[ly melt$ away1 ! wat]s 7 n di/ribut$ ov] ! face ( ! c\ntry z !y n[ are4 ,!y re/$ ^u ! bottom deposits ( ! ice-fields1 ^u ! glacial pa/e1 consi/+ ( clay1 s&1 pebbles1 b\ld]s1 etc41 und]ly+ ! ice4 ,?is bottom deposit did n1 ( c\rse1 pres5t an ev5 surface1 b mu/ h _h ext5sive undulations & depressions4 ,aft] ! wat]s _h be5 dra9$ (f f ! m elevat$ ridges1 ^! depressions w\ld /ill rema9 full4 ,9 ! lakes & pools ?us =m$1 /ratifi$ deposits w\ld be accumulat$1 consi/+ ( ! mo/ m9utely comm9ut$ clay1 deposit$ 9 ?9 lam9at$ lay]s1 or sometimes 9 consid]able masses1 )\t any sign ( /ratification2 su* diff]5ces 9 ! =mation be+ det]m9$ by ! /ate ( ! wat]1 :e!r p]fectly /agnant or m or less agitat$4 ,( su* pool deposits ov]ly+ ! drift !re are _m in/ances 9 ! ,nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ! ov]fl[+ ( "s ( ^! lakes1 & by ! empty+ ( ! high] ones into ^? on a l[] level1 *annels w\ld gradually be =m$ betwe5 ! depressions4 ,s began to be m>k$ out our indep5d5t riv]-sy/ems1--! wat]s always seek+ _! natural level1 gradually wid5+ & deep5+ ! *annels 9 :i* !y fl[$1 z !y work$ _! way d[n to ! sea4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ! %ore1 !re foll[$ t antagonism betwe5 ! ru% ( ! riv]s & ! action ( ! tides1--betwe5 cont95tal outfl[s & oceanic encroa*m5ts1--:i* /ill goes on1 & has l$ to ! =mation ( our ,ea/]n riv]s1 ) _! wide1 op5 e/u>ies1 su* z ! ,james1 ! ,potomac1 & ! ,delaw>e4 ,all ^! e/u>ies are embank$ by drift1 z are also1 9 _! l[] c\rse1 ! riv]s connect$ ) !m4 ,:]e ! c\ntry 0 l[ & flat1 & ! drift ext5d$ f> into ! ocean1 ! encroa*m5t ( ! sea gave rise1 n only to our l>ge e/u>ies1 b also to ! s\nds & deep bays =m+ ! mo/ prom95t ind5tations ( ! cont95tal coa/1 su* z ! ,bay ( ,fundy1 ,massa*usetts ,bay1 ,long ,isl& ,s\nd1 & o!rs4 ,! unmi/akable traces ( glacial action ^u all ! isl&s along ! coa/ ( ,new ,engl&1 sometimes ly+ at a v consid]able di/ance f ! ma9-l&1 give an approximate1 ?\gh a m9imum1 measure ( ! =m] ext5t ( ! glacial drift seaw>d1 & ! subsequ5t advance ( ! ocean ^u ! l&4 ,l ^? ( ! h>bor ( ,p>1 all ^! isl&s h ! same geological /ructure z ! cont95t1 & 7 evid5tly cont9u\s ) x at "s =m] p]iod4 ,all ! rocky isl&s along ! coa/ ( ,ma9e & ,massa*usetts exhibit ! glacial traces :]ev] _! surfaces are expos$ by ! wa%+ away ( ! drift2 & :]e ! drift rema9s1 its "* %[s t x 0 once cont9u\s f "o isl& to ano!r1 & f all ! isl&s to ! ma9-l&4 ,x is difficult to det]m9e ) precision ! anci5t limit ( ! glacial drift1 b ,i ?9k x c be %[n t x connect$ ! %oals ( ,newf\ndl& ) ! cont95t2 t ,nantucket1 ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 & ,long ,isl& made "p ( ! ma9-l&2 t1 9 l mann] ,nova ,scotia1 includ+ ,sable ,isl&1 0 unit$ to ! s\!rn %ore ( ,new ,brunswick & ,ma9e1 & t ! same %eet ( drift ext5d$ !nce to ,cape ,cod1 & /ret*$ s\?w>d z f> z ,cape ,hatt]as2--9 %ort1 t ! l9e ( %all[ s\nd+s along ! :ole coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates m>ks ! =m] ext5t ( glacial drift4 ,! ocean has gradually eat5 its way into ?is deposit1 & giv5 its pres5t outl9es to ! cont95t4 ,^! d5udations ( ! sea no d\bt began z soon z ! break+ up ( ! ice expos$ ! drift to its invasion2 9 o!r words1 at a "t :5 colossal glaci]s /ill p\r$ =? _! load ( ice into ! ,atlantic1 & fleets ( iceb]gs1 f> l>g] & m num]\s ?an ^? n[ float$ (f f ! ,arctic seas1 7 laun*$ f ! nor?-ea/]n %ore ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,_m su* masses mu/ h /r&$ along ! %ore1 & h left v>i\s signs ( _! pres5ce4 ,9 fact1 ! glacial ph5om5a ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & else:]e are due to two di/9ct p]iods3 ! fir/ ( ^! 0 ! glacial epo* prop]1 :5 ! ice 0 a solid %eet2 :ile to ! second belongs ! break+ up ( ?is epo*1 ) ! gradual dis9tegration & disp]sion ( ! ice4 ,we talk ( ! !ory ( glaci]s & ! !ory ( iceb]gs 9 ref]5ce to ^! ph5om5a1 z if !y 7 exclusively due to "o or ! o!r1 & :oev] accept$ ! =m] mu/ reject ! latt]1 & vice v]sa4 ,:5 geologi/s h comb9$ ^! n[ discordant elem5ts1 & consid] ^! two p]iods z consecutive1--"p ( ! ph5om5a be+ due to ! glaci]s1 "p to ! iceb]gs & to fre%ets consequ5t on _! break+ up1--!y w f9d t !y h cov]$ ! :ole gr\nd1 & t ! two !ories are p]fectly consi/5t ) ea* o!r4 ,i ?9k ! pres5t disputes ^u ?is subject w end some:at l ^? :i* divid$ ! ,neptunic & ,plutonic s*ools ( geologi/s 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is c5tury2 ! =m] ( :om w\ld h x t all ! rocks 7 due to ! action ( wat]1 ! latt] t !y 7 :olly due to ! action ( fire4 ,! problem 0 solv$1 & h>mony re/or$1 :5 x 0 f\nd t bo? elem5ts h be5 equally at "w 9 =m+ ! solid cru/ ( ! globe4 ,to ! /r&$ iceb]gs allud$ to above1 ,i h no d\bt1 is to be ref]r$ ! orig9 ( ! _m lakes )\t outlets exi/+ all ov] ! s&y tract along our coa/1 ( :i* ,cape ,cod =ms a "p4 ,n only ! =mation ( ^! lakes1 b also t ( our salt m>%es & cranb]ry-fields1 ,i believe to be connect$ ) ! wan+ ( ! ice p]iod4 ,i hope at "s future "t to publi% 9 detail1 ) ! appropriate maps & illu/rations1 my obs]vations ^u ! *anges ( our coa/1 & o!r ph5om5a connect$ ) ! close ( ! glacial epo* 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to give results )\t an acc\nt ( ! inve/igations :i* h l$ to !m1 inv]ts ! true me?od ( sci5ce2 & ,i %\ld n h introduc$ ! subject "h except to %[ t ! fre%-wat] d5udations & ! oceanic encroa*m5ts :i* h =m$ ! ,amazonian ,valley1 ) its riv] sy/em1 are n isolat$ facts1 b t ! process has be5 ! same 9 bo? cont95ts4 ,! extraord9>y cont9uity & uni=mity ( ! ,amazonian deposits are due to ! imm5se size ( ! bas9 enclos$1 & ! id5tity ( ! mat]ials conta9$ 9 x4 ,a glance at any geological map ( ! _w w %[ ! read] t ! ,valley ( ! ,amazons1 s f> z an attempt is made to expla9 its /ructure1 is repres5t$ z conta9+ isolat$ tracts ( ,devonian1 ,triassic1 ,jurassic1 cretace\s1 t]ti>y1 & alluvial deposits4 ,?is is :olly inaccurate1 z is %[n by ! above sket*1 & :atev] may be ?\ght ( my int]pretation ( ! actual ph5om5a1 ,i tru/ t1 9 pres5t+ = ! fir/ "t ! =mations ( ! ,amazonian bas9 9 _! natural connection & sequ5ce1 z consi/+ ( ?ree uni=m sets ( comp>atively rec5t deposits1 ext5d+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole valley1 ! inve/igations "h record$ h contribut$ some?+ to ! results ( mod]n geology4 ----- ,footnote #if3 ,see ,*apt] ,,iii4 p4 #hf4 ,footnote #ig3 ,! "n consecrat$ by ,de ,saussure to designate c]ta9 rocks 9 ,switz]l& :i* h _h _! surfaces r\nd$ "u ! action ( ! glaci]s4 ,_! g5tly swell+ outl9es are ?\ght to resemble %eep re/+ on ! gr\nd1 & = ?is reason ! p 9 ! ,alps call !m ro*es m\tonnes4 ,footnote #ih3 ,see 8,glacial ,ph5om5a 9 ,ma9e10 ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 #ahff4 ,footnote #ii3 ,! atlas 9 ,m>tius's 8,j\rney to ,brazil10 or ! sket* accompany+ ,bates's description ( ^! hills 9 8 8,naturali/ on ! ,amazons10 w give an idea ( _! aspect4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,bohn's edition ( ,humboldt's ,p]sonal ,n>rative1 ,*ap4 ,,ii4 p4 #acd4 ,humboldt alludes to ^! =mations repeat$ly3 x is true t he ref]s !m to ! anci5t conglom]ates ( ! ,devonian age1 b 8 description agrees s p]fectly ) :at ,i h obs]v$ along ! banks ( ! ,amazons & ! ,rio ,negro t !re c be no d\bt he speaks ( ! same ?+4 ,he wrote at a "t :5 _m ( ! results ( mod]n geology 7 unkn[n1 & 8 explanation ( ! ph5om5a 0 !n p]fectly natural4 ,! passage f :i* ! few l9es 9 ! text are tak5 %[s t ^! deposits ext5d ev5 to ! ,llanos4 ,footnote #aja3 ,i am aw>e t ,bates m5tions hav+ he>d t at ,obydos calc>e\s lay]s1 ?ickly /udd$ ) m>9e %ells1 _h be5 f\nd int]/ratifi$ ) ! clay1 b he did n himself exam9e ! /rata4 ,! ,obydos %ells are n m>9e1 b are fre%-wat] ,unios1 greatly resembl+ ,aviculas1 ,sol5s1 & ,arcas4 ,su* w\ld-be m>9e fossils h be5 br\ght to me f ! %ore opposite to ,obydos1 ne> ,sant>em1 & ,i h readily recogniz$ !m = :at !y truly are1--fre%-wat] %ells ( ! family ( ,naiades4 ,i h myself collect$ specim5s ( ^! %ells 9 ! clay-b$s along ! banks ( ! ,solimo5s1 ne> ,teff1 & might h mi/ak5 !m = fossils ( t =mation _h ,i n kn[n h[ ,naiades burr[ 9 ! mud4 ,_! resemblance to ! m>9e g5]a m5tion$ above is v rem>kable1 & ! mi/ake z to _! true zological "* is z natural z t by :i* e>li] i*?yologi/s1 & ev5 travell]s ( v rec5t date1 h conf\nd$ "s fre%-wat] fi%es f ! ,upp] ,amazons1 ( ! g5us ,pt]ophyllum 7,heckel71 ) ! m>9e g5us ,platax4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,z ,i h /at$ 9 ! beg9n+1 ,i am satisfi$ t ! un/ratifi$ clay deposit ( ,rio & its vic9ity is g5u9e glacial drift1 result+ f ! gr9d+ ( ! loose mat]ials int]pos$ betwe5 ! glaci] & ! solid rock 9 place1 & reta9+ to ?is day ! position 9 :i* x 0 left by ! ice4 ,l all su* accumulations1 x is totally free f /ratification4 ,if ?is be s1 x is evid5t1 on comp>+ ! two =mations1 t ! o*race\s s&y clay ( ! valley ( ! ,amazons has be5 deposit$ "u diff]5t circum/ances2 t1 :ile x owes its resemblance to ! ,rio drift to ! fact t its mat]ials 7 orig9ally gr\nd by glaci]s 9 ! upp] "p ( ! valley1 ^! mat]ials h subsequ5tly be5 spread ?r\gh\t ! :ole bas9 & actually deposit$ "u ! ag5cy ( wat]4 ,a survey ( ! m s\!rn prov9ces ( ,brazil1 ext5d+ to ! temp]ate zone1 :]e ! comb9$ effects ( a tropical sun & ( tropical ra9s mu/ naturally be want+1 w1 ,i tru/1 remove all ! difficulties /ill att5d+ ?is explanation4 ,! glacial ph5om5a1 ) all _! *>act]i/ic features1 are already kn[n to cov] ! s\!rnmo/ p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! int]v5+ range1 betwe5 #bb & #cf ( s\? latitude1 _c fail to exhibit ! transition f ! drift ( ! cold & temp]ate zone to ! =mations ( a k9dr$ "* describ$ above f ! tropical zone4 ,! k ( ^! deposits w def9itely settle ! "q2 & ei!r prove ! correctness ( my g5]alizations or %[ _! absurdity4 ,i feel no anxiety z to ! result4 ,i only long = a spe$y removal ( all d\bts4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,i w\ld "h rem9d ! read] ( ! t]races ( ,gl5 ,roy1 :i* indicate successive r$uctions ( ! b>ri] encas+ ! lake1 simil> to ^? assum$ to h tak5 place at ! m\? ( ! ,amazons4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,ce>4 ,,leav+ ,,p>4--,,f>ewell ,,to ,,! ,,amazons4--,,ease ,,( ,,travell+ ,,on ,,! ,,amazons4--,,r\gh ,,passage4--,,arrival ,,at ,,ce>4--,,difficulty ,,( ,,l&+4--,,aspect ,,( ,,! ,,t[n4--,,ra9y ,,season4--,,consequ5t ,,sickl9ess4--,,our ,,purpose ,,9 ,,/opp+ ,,at ,,ce>4--,,report ,,( ,,dr4 ,,felice ,,ab\t ,,mora9es4--,,prep>ations ,,= ,,j\rney ,,into ,,! ,,int]ior4--,,difficulties ,,& ,,delays ,,9 ,,gett+ ,,(f4--,,on ,,! ,,way4--,,night ,,at ,,aran*o4--,,bad ,,roads4--,,c>nauba ,,palm4--,,arrival ,,at ,,monguba4--,,k9d ,,reception ,,by ,,s5hor ,,frankl9 ,,de ,,lima4--,,geology ,,( ,,! ,,region4--,,ev5+ ,,games ,,& ,,amusem5ts4--,,pacatuba4--,,traces ,,( ,,anci5t ,,glaci]s4--,,s]ra ,,( ,,aratanha4--,,climb ,,up ,,! ,,s]ra4--,,hospitality ,,( ,,s5hor ,,da ,,co/a4--,,picturesque ,,views4--,,! ,,s]ta4--,,dr\ght ,,& ,,ra9s4--,,epidemics4--,,return ,,to ,,monguba4--,,deta9$ ,,by ,,extraord9>y ,,ra9s4--,,return ,,to ,,ce>4--,,ov]fl[$ ,,roads4--,,difficulty ,,( ,,=d+4--,,arrival ,,at ,,ce>4--,,lib]ality ,,( ,,! ,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,prov9ce ,,t[>d ,,! ,,exp$ition4 ,april #b;d4--,ce>4 ,we left ,p> on ! #bf? ( ,m>*1 9 ! ev5+1 feel+ = ! fir/ "t t we 7 inde$ bidd+ good by to ! ,amazons4 ,our pleasant voyages on its yell[ wat]s1 our canoe excursions on its picturesque lakes & ig>aps1 our l+]+s 9 its palm-?at*$ cottages1 belong$ to ! pa/2 except 9 memory1 our ,amazonian travels 7 ov]4 ,:5 we ent]$ ^u !m1 :at vague anticipations1 :at visions ( a new & int]e/+ life1 n1 z we suppos$1 )\t its dang]s & anxieties1 7 be=e u4 ,s little is kn[n1 ev5 9 ,brazil1 ( ! ,amazons1 t we c\ld obta9 only v meagre &1 usually1 r disc\rag+ in=mation conc]n+ our project$ j\rney4 ,9 ,rio1 if y say y are go+ to asc5d _! great riv]1 y\r ,brazilian fri5ds look at y ) compassionate wond]4 ,y are ?reat5$ ) sickness1 ) intol]able heat1 ) ! abs5ce ( any n\ri%+ food or suitable lodg+s1 ) mosquitoes1 ) ,jac>s & wild ,indians4 ,if y consult a physician1 he gives y a good supply ( qu99e1 & tells y to take a dose e o!r day z a prev5tive aga9/ fev] & *ills2 s t if y escape int]mitt5t fev] y are at lea/ sure ( be+ poison$ by a rem$y :i*1 if adm9i/]$ incauti\sly1 may cause a disease worse ?an ! "o x cures4 ,x w take p]haps f ! excitem5t & novelty ( ,amazonian travell+ to "k t ! j\rney f ,p> to ,tabat+a may be made ) z mu* ease z a reasonable travell] has a "r to expect1 ?\gh ( c\rse n )\t "s privations1 & also ) no m exposure to sickness ?an ! travell] incurs 9 any hot climate4 ,! p]ils & adv5tures :i* att5d$ ! voyages ( ,spix & ,m>tius1 or ev5 ( m rec5t travell]s1 l ,ca/elnau1 ,bates1 & ,wallace1 are no long] to be f\nd on ! ma9 c\rse ( ! ,amazons1 ?\gh !y are met at e /ep on its great afflu5ts4 ,on ! ,tocant9s1 on ! ,madeira1 on ! ,purus1 on ! ,rio ,negro1 ! ,trombetas1 or any ( ! l>ge tribut>ies1 ! travell] mu/ /ill "w 8 way sl[ly up 9 a canoe1 scor*$ by ! sun or dr5*$ by ! ra92 sleep+ on ! bea*1 he>+ ! cries ( ! wild animals 9 ! woods ar\nd him1 & wak+ p]haps 9 ! morn+1 to f9d ! tracks ( a tig] 9 unpleasant proximity to 8 hammock4 ,b along ! c\rse ( ! ,amazons itself1 ^! days ( romantic adv5ture & hair-bread? escapes are ov]2 ! wild bea/s ( ! =e/ h disappe>$ be=e ! puff ( ! eng9e2 ! canoe & ! encampm5t on ! bea* at night h giv5 place to ! prosaic conv5i5ces ( ! /eamboat4 ,x is no d\bt true ( ! ,amazons1 z ( o!r tropical regions1 t a long resid5ce may r$uce ! vigor ( ! con/itution1 & p]haps make "o m liable to c]ta9 diseases2 b dur+ our j\rney ( eight mon?s none ( our l>ge company suff]$ f any s]i\s indisposition connect$ ) ! climate1 nor did we see 9 any ( our w&]+s z _m indications ( int]mitt5t fev] z are to be met con/antly on our ,we/]n riv]s4 ,! voyage on ! ,amazons prop] has n[ become accessible to all :o are will+ to endure heat & mosquitoes = ! sake ( see+ ! greate/ riv] 9 ! _w1 & ! magnific5t tropical vegetation along its %ores4 ,! be/ season = ! j\rney is f ! close ( ,june to ! middle ( ,novemb]1--,july1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob] be+ ! f\r drie/ mon?s ( ! ye>1 & ! mo/ salubri\s ?r\gh\t t region4 ,we _h a r\gh & boi/]\s passage f ,p> to ,ce>1 ) unceas+ ra91 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! decks 7 con/antly wet4 ,inde$1 ! cab9s 7 n free f wat]1 & x 0 only by frequ5t bail+ t ! floor ( our /ate-room 0 kept tol]ably dry4 ,at ,m>anham we _h ! relief ( a night on %ore2 & ,mr4 ,agassiz & ,major ,c\t9ho pr(it$ by ! occasion ! foll[+ morn+ to exam9e ! geology ( ! coa/ m c>efully ?an !y _h =m]ly done4 ,!y f\nd ! /ructure id5tical ) t ( ! ,amazonian ,valley1 except t ! =mations 7 m worn d[n & di/urb$4 ,we arriv$ be=e ,ce> at two o'clock on ,saturday1 ,m>* #ca/1 expect+ to g on %ore at once2 b ! sea ran high1 ! tide 0 unfavorable1 & dur+ ! day n ev5 a 8jangada10 ^? s+ul> rafts t "h take ! place ( boats1 v5tur$ out to our /eam] z %e lay rock+ 9 ! surf4 ,ce> has no h>bor1 & ! sea drives 9 ) fe>ful viol5ce on ! long s&-bea* front+ ! t[n1 mak+ x impossible1 at c]ta9 /ates ( ! tide & 9 /ormy wea!r1 = any boat to l&1 unless x be "o ( ^! jangadas 7catam>ans71 ov] :i* ! waves break )\t swamp+ !m4 ,at ab\t n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+ a cu/om-h\se boat came out1 &1 not)/&+ ! lat5ess ( ! h\r & ! r\gh sea1 we det]m9$ to g on %ore1 = we 7 told t 9 ! morn+ ! tide w\ld be unfavorable1 & if ! w9d cont9u$ 9 ! pres5t qu>t] x might be /ill m difficult1 if n impossible1 to l&4 ,x 0 n )\t "s anxiety t ,i /ood wait+ my turn to ent] ! boat2 = ?\gh at "o mom5t x rose1 on ! swell ( ! sea1 close to ! /air1 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye x 0 a c\ple ( y>ds away4 ,"s pres5ce ( m9d & agility 7 ne$$ 9 ord] to make ! leap j at ! "r in/ant2 & ,i 0 glad to f9d myself 9 ! boat & n 9 ! wat]1 ! *ances be+ ab\t ev54 ,z we rode 9 ov] ! break]s1 ! boatm5 ent]ta9$ u ) s _m /ories ( ! difficulty ( l&+1 ! frequ5t accid5ts1 & especially ( "o :i* _h occurr$ a few days be=e :5 ?ree ,engli%m5 _h be5 dr[n$1 t ,i began to ?9k rea*+ ! %ore mu/ be m p]il\s ?an leav+ ! %ip4 ,z we approa*$ ! t[n ! sc5e 0 n )\t its picturesque *>m4 ,! moon1 /ruggl+ ?r\gh gray1 wat]y cl\ds1 ?rew a fitful light ov] ! long s&-bea*1 on :i* ! cre/$ waves 7 driv+ furi\sly4 ,a numb] ( lad5 boats 7 toss+ 9 ! surf1 & ! ro> ( ! break]s m+l$ ) ! cries ( ! black port]s1 z !y wad$ brea/ high ?r\gh ! wat]1 unload+ ! c>goes & c>ry+ _! burd5s to ! %ore on _! heads4 ,we 7 l&$ mu* 9 ! same way1 ! boatm5 c>ry+ u ov] ! surf4 ,?is is ! ord9>y mode ( emb>k+ or l&+ pass5g]s2 x is b r>ely1 & at p>ticul> /ates ( ! tide1 t x is possible to disemb>k at ! pi] :i* has be5 ?r[n out f ! %ore4 ,major ,c\t9ho _h writt5 to a fri5d to engage lodg+s = u1 & we f\nd a h\se ready4 ,i 0 glad to s9k into my com=table hammock1 to ex*ange ! pit*+ & roll+ ( ! /eam] = its g5tle rock+1 to be out ( rea* ( ! hungry waves1 & yet to he> _! di/ant ru% on ! %ore z ,i fell asleep4 ,! next morn+ 0 ra9y1 b 9 ! aft]noon x cle>$1 & t[>d ev5+ we took a long drive ) our ho/1 ,dr4 ,felice4 ,i l ! aspect ( ,ce>4 ,i l its wide1 well-pav$1 cleanly /reets1 :i* are bright ) color1 = ! sub/antial h\ses on ei!r side are ( _m hues4 ,if x *ance to be a ,sunday or a fe/a day1 e balcony is fill$ ) gayly-dress$ girls1 :ile gr\ps ( m5 sit smok+ & talk+ on ! sidewalks be=e ! doors4 ,?is t[n has n ! /agnant1 inanimate look ( _m ,brazilian t[ns4 ,x tells ( movem5t1 life1 prosp]ity4#ajd ,beyond ! city ! /reets /ret* out into ! campos1 bord]$ on its inl& side by beautiful s]ras2 ! ,s]ra ,gr&e & ! ,s]ra de ,baturit4 ,9 front ( ! city /ret*es ! broad s&-bea*1 & ! murmur ( ! surf comes up into ! he>t ( ! t[n4 ,x seems z if1 s ly+ betwe5 sea & m\nta91 ,ce> %\ld be a heal?y place1 & x is usually s reput$4 ,b at ?is mom5t1 ow+1 x is ?\ght1 to ! unusual cont9uance ( ! dry season & ! extraord9>y viol5ce ( ! ra9s1 n[ t !y h begun1 ! t[n is v sickly4 ,yell[-fev] is preval5t1 & !re h be5 a good _m dea?s f x rec5tly1 ?\gh x is said n to h assum$ ! "* ( an epidemic z yet4 ,/ill m fatal is ! malignant dys5t]y1 :i* has be5 rag+ bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry = ! la/ two mon?s4 ,we are try+ to ha/5 ! arrangem5ts = our inl& j\rney1 b d n f9d x v easy4 ,mr4 ,agassiz's object 9 /opp+ "h is to satisfy himself by direct inve/igation ( ! =m] exi/5ce ( glaci]s 9 ! s]ras ( ?is prov9ce1 &1 if possible1 to f9d "s traces ( ! s\!rn lat]al mora9e1 m>k+ ! limit ( ! mass ( ice :i* he supposes to h fill$ ! ,amazonian bas9 9 ! glacial p]iod4 ,9 ! ,amazonian ,valley itself he has se5 t all ! geological ph5om5a are connect$ ) ! close ( ! glacial p]iod1 ) ! melt+ ( ! ice & ! imm5se fre%ets consequ5t ^u its disappe>ance4 ,on leav+ ! ,amazons1 ! next /ep 9 ! inve/igation 0 to seek ! masses ( loose mat]ials left by ! glaci] itself4 ,on arriv+ "h he at once made inquiries to ?is effect1 f a numb] ( p]sons :o h travell$ a great deal 9 ! prov9ce1 & are !re=e famili> ) its features4 ,! mo/ valuable in=mation he has obta9$1--valuable f ! fact1 t ! precision ) :i* x is giv5 %[s t x may be reli$ ^u1--is f ,dr4 ,felice4 ,8 occupation z l&-surveyor has l$ him to travel a great deal 9 ! region ( ! ,s]ra ,gr&e4 ,he has made a valuable map ( ?is portion ( ! prov9ce1 & he tells ,mr4 ,agassiz t !re is a wall ( loose mat]ials1 b\ld]s1 /ones1 c41 runn+ f ea/ to we/ = a di/ance ( "s sixty leagues f ! ,rio ,aracaty-,ass to ,bom ,jesu1 9 ! ,s]ra ,gr&e4 ,f 8 acc\nt1 ?is wall resembles greatly ! 8,horsebacks0 9 ,ma9e1 ^? rem>kable ridges accumulat$ by ! anci5t glaci]s1 & runn+ sometimes un9t]rupt$ly = ?irty or =ty miles4 ,! horsebacks are1 h[ev]1 cov]$ ) soil & turf1 :]eas ,dr4 ,felice describes ?is wall z r\gh & b>e4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has no d\bt t ?is accumulation or dike ( loose mat]ials1 ! position & direction ( :i* corresponds exactly ) 8 conjecture bas$ ^u ! evid5ce obta9$ 9 ! ,amazonian ,valley1 is a portion ( ! lat]al mora9e1 m>k+ ! s\!a/]n limit ( ! great ,amazonian glaci]4 ,unhappily1 x is impossible = him to visit x himself1 = ev5 c\ld he devote ! "t necess>y = s long a j\rney 9 ! int]ior1 we are told t at ?is season ! /ate ( ! roads makes x almo/ impossible4 ,he mu/ !re=e leave ! id5tification ( ?is colossal mora9e to "s y\ng] & m =tunate inve/igator1 & cont5t himself ) a direct exam9ation ( ! next l9k 9 ! *a9 ( evid5ce1 namely1 ! traces ( local glaci]s 9 ! s]ras 9 ! m imm$iate neighborhood ( ,ce>4 ,if ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons 0 actually fill$ ) ice1 all ! m\nta9s ly+ outside ( its limits 9 ! neighbor+ prov9ces mu/ h _h _! glaci]s also4 ,x is 9 se>* ( ^! local glaci]s t we und]take our pres5t j\rney1 hop+ to rea* ! ,s]ra ( ,baturit4 ,april #f?4--,pacatuba 7at ! foot ( ! ,s]ra ( ,aratanha74 ,aft] endless delays & difficulties ab\t horses1 s]vants1 & o!r prep>ations = our j\rney1 we succe$$ 9 gett+ (f on ! aft]noon ( ! #c;d4 ,! mode ( travell+ 9 ! int]ior z well z ! "* ( ! p1 makes x almo/ impossible to accompli% any j\rney ) promptness & punctuality4 ,:ile ! prep>ations = our excursion 7 go+ on1 neighbors & acqua9tances w\ld /roll 9 to see h[ ?+s 7 advanc+2 "o w\ld propose t we %\ld po/pone our dep>ture till ! day aft] to-morr[1 on acc\nt ( "s tr\ble ab\t ! horses2 ano!r t we %\ld wait a week or two = m favorable wea!r4 ,evid5tly x did n occur to any "o t x c\ld be ( mu* importance :e!r we />t$ to-day or to-morr[1 or next week or next mon?4 ,! lotus-eat]s 9 ! 8l& 9 :i* x seem$ always aft]noon0 c\ld n h be5 m happily indiff]5t to ! passage ( "t4 ,n[ ?is calm sup]iority to laws obey$ by ! re/ ( mank9d1 ?is ignor+ ( ! great dictum 8tempus fugit10 is r exasp]at+ to a man :o has only ! =tnight int]v5+ betwe5 two /eam]s 9 :i* to accompli% 8 j\rney1 & kn[s ! "t to be all too %ort = ! objects he has 9 view4 ,^! habits ( procra/9ation are mu* less m>k$ 9 ^? p>ts ( ,brazil :]e railroad & /eam travel h be5 introduc$2 ?\gh x _c be said t promptness & despat* are any:]e famili> qualities 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,our delays 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance 7 9 no way ow+ to any want ( int]e/ 9 our plans2 on ! contr>y1 we met "h1 z ev]y:]e1 ! mo/ cordial sympa?y ) ! objects ( ! exp$ition1 & ! ,presid5t ( ! prov9ce1 z well z o!r p]sons1 7 ready to give e assi/ance 9 _! p[]4 ,b a /rang] _c ( c\rse expect ! habits ( ! p to be *ang$ to suit 8 conv5i5ce1 & we did b %>e 9 ! g5]al sl[ness ( movem5t4 ,h[ev]1 we 7 at la/ on ! way2 our p>ty consi/+ ( ,major ,c\t9ho1 ,s5hor ,pompeo1 ,gov]nm5t ,eng9e] ( ! prov9ce1 :om ! ,presid5t _h k9dly detail$ to accompany u1 ,mr4 ,agassiz1 & myself4 ,we _h a s]vant1 also provid$ by ! ,presid5t1 "o ( 8 gu>d1 & two m51 ) a c\ple ( pack-mules = baggage & provisions4 ,we />t$ s late 9 ! day1 t our fir/ ride 0 b a league or s out ( ! t[n2 %ort z x 01 h[ev]1 we did n escape sev]al %[]s1 always to be expect$ at ?is season4 ,yet ! ride 0 pleasant2 a smell z ( huckleb]ry mead[s came f ! l[ gr[? ( %rubs cov]+ ! fields = miles ar\nd1 & ! v e>? 0 fragrant f ! ra94 ,z we left ! city1 l[ cl\ds1 full ( di/ant %[]s1 hung ov] ! s]ras1 & gave !m a sombre beauty1 m impressive1 if less *e]ful1 ?an _! sun%9e look4 ,at six o'clock we rea*$ ,aran*o1 a village :]e we 7 to pass ! night4 ,z we rode 9 at dusk1 x seem$ to me only a little clu/] ( l[ mud-h\ses2 b ,i f\nd1 by daylight1 !re 7 "o or two build+s ( m pret5ti\s "*4 ,we /opp$ at ! end ( ! pr9cipal /reet1 be=e ! v5da 7village inn74 ,at ! door1 :i* op5$ across ! middle1 all[+ its l[] half to s]ve z a sort ( gate1 /ood ! ho/1 little expect+ gue/s on ?is d>k1 ra9y night4 ,he 0 a fat old man1 ) a head z r\nd z a bullet1 cov]$ ) v %ort :ite curly hair1 & a face beam+ ) good nature1 b r$d5$ also by _m potations4 ,he 0 dress$ 9 :ite cotton draw]s ) a %irt hang+ loose ov] !m2 8 feet 7 /ock+less1 b he _h on a pair ( ! wood5-sol$ slipp]s1 d[n at heel1 ( :i* y he> ! 8clack1 clack0 9 e t[n & village dur+ ! ra9y season4 ,he op5$ ! gate & admitt$ u into a small room furni%$ ) a hammock1 a s(a1 & a few *airs1 ! mud walls adorn$ ) "s co>se pr9ts1 ( :i* ! old g5tleman seem$ v pr\d4 ,he said if we c\ld be satisfi$ ) su* accommodation z he _h1 ! g5tlem5 to sl+ _! hammocks 9 ! sitt+-room ) him1 ! ,s5hora to sleep ) 8 wife & ! *ildr5 9 ! only o!r room he _h to (f]1 he %\ld be happy to receive u4 ,i confess t ! prospect 0 n enc\rag+2 b ,i 0 prep>$ to meet ) inconv5i5ces1 kn[+ t ev5 a %ort j\rney into ! int]ior involv$ discom=ts1 & :5 ! ho/ess pres5tly ent]$ & made me he>tily welcome to a corn] ( h] ap>tm5t1 ,i ?ank$ h] ) su* cordiality z ,i c\ld mu/]4 ,%e 0 _m ye>s y\ng] ?an h] husb&1 & /ill v h&some1 ) an ,ori5tal k9d ( beauty1 r enhanc$ by h] dress4 ,%e wore a r$ musl9 wrapp]1 some:at ! worse = we>1 b /ill brilliant 9 color2 & h] long black hair hung loose & unbraid$ ov] h] %\ld]s4 ,an h\r or two lat] supp] 0 ann\nc$4 ,we _h br\ght ! great] "p ( x ) u f ! city1 b we invit$ all ! family to sup ) u1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! c\ntry4 ,! old g5tleman complet$ 8 toilet by add+ to x a gaudy-fl[]$ cotton dress+-g[n1 & seat+ himself at ! table1 contemplat$ ! roa/-*ick5s & cl>et ) no little satisfaction4 ,f ! appe>ance ( ?+s1 su* a meal mu/ h be5 a r>ity 9 8 h\se4 ,! mud floor ( ! kit*5 :]e we supp$ 0 sloppy1 & its leaky ro( & brok5 walls 7 b dimly light$ by ! co>se gutt]+ c&les made f ! ,c>nauba palm4 ,i pres5tly he>d a l\d gobbl+ close by my side2 &1 look+ d[n1 saw by ! half-light a black pig fe$+ at a little table ) ! two *ildr51 assi/$ also by ! dog & ! cat4 ,supp] ov]1 ,i propos$ to g to ! common sleep+ ap>tm5t1 pref]r+ to be 9 advance ( my companions4 ,x 0 a little room1 "s t5 feet squ>e1 beh9d ! "o :]e we _h be5 receiv$1 & )\t any w9d[4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 s great an objection "h1 :]e ! ro(s are s op5 t a great deal ( air comes f above4 ,once ensconc$ 9 my hammock ,i began to wat* ! arrival ( my room-mates ) "s curiosity4 ,fir/ ent]$ a "y girl & h] little si/]1 :o /[$ !mselves away 9 "o ( ! b$s2 !n came ! s]vant-maid & hung h]self up 9 h] hammock 9 a corn]2 & la/ly arriv$ ! l&lady1 :o took possession ( ! o!r b$1 & complet$ ! *>ms ( ! sc5e by light+ h] pipe to h a quiet smoke be=e %e w5t to sleep4 ,i _c say ! situation 0 favorable to re/2 ! heavy %[]s :i* rattl$ on ! tiles ?r\gh\t ! night p5etrat$ ! leaky ro(1 &1 h[ev] ,i *ang$ my position 9 ! hammock1 x ra9$ into my face2 fleas 7 abundant2 ! sil5ce 0 occasionally brok5 by ! cry+ ( ! *ildr51 or ! grunt+ ( ! pig at ! door1 & = my "p ,i 0 v glad :5 five o'clock call$ u all to get up1 our plan be+ to />t at six & ride ?ree leagues be=e breakfa/4 ,h[ev]1 on a j\rney ( ?is k9d1 x is "o ?+ to int5d go+ any:]e at a p>ticul> "t & q ano!r to accompli% x4 ,:5 we met at six o'clock 9 read9ess = our j\rney1 two ( ! horses 7 n to be f\nd2 !y _h /ray$ away dur+ ! night4 ,?\gh accid5ts ( ?is k9d are a con/ant subject ( compla9t1 x does n seem to occur to any "o to secure ! horses = ! night2 x is inde$ f> easi] to let !m roam ab\t & provide = !mselves4 ,! s]vants 7 s5t to look = !m1 & we sat wait+1 & los+ ! be/ h\rs ( ! morn+1 till1 9 _! own good "t1 m5 & bea/s reappe>$4 ,we 7 at la/ on ! road at half pa/ eight o'clock2 b1 unhappily1 x 0 j dur+ our two h\rs ( inaction t ! ra91 :i* _h be5 p\r+ 9 torr5ts all night1 _h ceas$ = a "t4 ,we _h sc>cely />t$ :5 x began aga91 & accompani$ u = a great "p ( ! way on our long ?ree leagues' ride4 ,we came n[ = ! fir/ "t on ! ,c>nauba palm 7,cop]nicia c]if]a71 s invaluable = its _m useful prop]ties4 ,x furni%es an admirable timb]1 /rong & durable1 f :i* ! raft]s ( all ! h\ses 9 ?is region are made2 x yields a wax :i*1 if ! process ( ref9+ & blea*+ x 7 und]/ood1 w\ld make an excell5t c&le1 & :i*1 z x is1 is us$ = light ?r\gh\t ! prov9ce2 f its silky fibre v /rong ?read & cordage are manufactur$2 ! he>t ( ! leaves1 :5 cook$1 makes an excell5t vegetable1 resembl+ delicate cabbage2 &1 f9ally1 x provides a v n\ri%+ fodd] = cattle4 ,x is a say+ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ce>1 t :]e ! ,c>nauba palm ab\nds a man has all he ne$s = himself & 8 horse4 ,! /em is tall1 & ! leaves s arrang$ ar\nd ! summit z to =m a close sph]ical cr[n1 entirely unlike t ( any o!r palm4#aje ,if we _h to lam5t ! ra91 we 7 =tunate 9 n hav+ ! sun on our j\rney1 = ! =e/ is l[ & af=ds b little %ade4 ,! road 0 9 a t]rible condition f ! long-cont9u$ ra9s1 & ?\gh !re are no riv]s ( any importance betwe5 ! t[n & ! ,s]ra ( ,monguba1 to :i* we 7 b\nd1 yet 9 sev]al places ! little /reams 7 swoll5 to a consid]able dep?2 &1 ow+ to ! brok5 condition ( ! bottom1 full ( holes & deep ruts1 !y 7 by no means easy to =d4 ,aft] a fatigu+ ride ( f\r h\rs1 dur+ :i* we inquir$1 two or ?ree times1 h[ f> we _h /ill to g1 & always receiv$ ! same answ]1 8uma legua10 t league nev] seem+ to dim9i% ) our advance1 we 7 delight$ to f9d ourselves at ! little bridle-pa? :i* turn$ (f f ! ma9 road & l$ u to ! faz5da ( ,s5hor ,frankl9 de ,lima4 ,! travell] is always welcome :o asks hospitality at a ,brazilian c\ntry h\se1 b ,major ,c\t9ho _h already /ay$ at ?is faz5da on previ\s j\rneys1 & we %>$ ! welcome giv5 to him z an old fri5d4 ,! hospitality ( our excell5t ho/s repaid u = all ! fatigues ( our j\rney1 & our luggage be+ /ill on ! road1 _! k9dness suppli$ ! defects ( our toilet1 :i* 0 9 a lam5table condition aft] spla%+ ?r\gh muddy wat] two or ?ree feet deep4 ,mr4 ,agassiz1 h[ev]1 c\ld n sp>e "t to re/2 we _h foll[$ a mora9ic soil = a great "p ( our j\rney1 _h pass$ _m b\ld]s on ! road1 & he 0 anxi\s to exam9e ! ,s]ra ( ,monguba1 on ! slope ( :i* ,s5hor ,frankl9 has 8 c(fee plantation1 & at ! foot ( :i* 8 h\se /&s4 ,he 01 !re=e1 ei!r on foot or on horseback ! great] "p ( ?is day & ! foll[+ "o1 exam9+ ! geological /ructure ( ! m\nta91 & satisfy+ himself t1 "h too1 all ! valleys h _h _! glaci]s1 & t ^! valleys h br\ght d[n f ! hillsides into ! pla9s b\ld]s1 pebbles1 & dbris ( all sorts4 ,9 ?is pleasant home1 9 ! mid/ ( ! bright1 intellig5t circle compos+ ! family ( ,s5hor ,frankl91 we pass$ two days4 ,aft] breakfa/ we disp]s$ to our v>i\s occupations1 ! g5tlem5 be+ engag$ 9 excursions 9 ! neighborhood2 ! ev5+ br\ght u toge!r aga91 & 0 enliv5$ ) music1 danc+1 & games4 ,! ,brazilians are fond ( games1 & play !m ) mu* wit & animation4 ,"o ( _! favorite games is call$ 8! m>ket ( sa9ts02 x is v amus+ :5 !re are two or ?ree bright p to act ! prom95t p>ts4 ,"o p]son p]=ms ! salesman1 ano!r ! padre :o comes to pur*ase a sa9t = 8 *apel2 ! company enact ! sa9ts1 cov]+ _! faces ) _! h&k]*iefs1 & rema9+ z motionless z possible4 ,! salesman br+s 9 ! padre1 &1 tak+ him f "o to ano!r 9 turn1 describes all _! extraord9>y miracul\s qualities1 _! wond]ful lives & pi\s dea?s4 ,aft] a few introductory rem>ks on ! subject ( ! pur*ase1 ! h&k]*ief is drawn (f1 & if ! sa9t keeps 8 c\nt5ance & rema9s immovable dur+ all ! ridicul\s ?+s t are said ab\t him1 he comes (f scot free2 b if he laughs he is subject to a =feit4 ,!re are inde$ few :o /& ! te/2 = if ! salesman has any tact 9 ! game1 he kn[s h[ to seize ^u any funny incid5t or *>act]i/ic quality connect$ ) ! individual1 & give x prom95ce4 ,p]haps ! read]1 kn[+ some?+ ( our hunt = glaci]s1 may guess ?is sa9t1 ,major ,c\t9ho be+ salesman4 8,?is1 ,s5hor ,padre1 is r a /\t sa9t1 b /ill ( mo/ pi\s disposition1 &1 ,o meu ,padre6 a wond]ful work] ( miracles2 he c fill ^! valleys ) ice1 he cov]s ! m\nta9s ) sn[ 9 ! hotte/ days1 he br+s ! /ones f ! top ( ! s]ra to ! bottom1 he f9ds animals 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? & br+s out _! bones40 8,ah60 replies ! padre1 8a wond]ful sa9t1 truly6 su* an "o z ,i ne$ = my *apel2 let me look ^u 8 face40 ,h&k]*ief )drawn1 & ! sa9t 9 "q ( c\rse loses 8 =feit4 ,ye/]day1 aft] breakfa/1 we left our pleasant fri5ds & came on to ! little village ( ,pacatuba1 a league f>!r inl&1 & mo/ picturesquely situat$ at ! foot ( ! ,s]ra ( ,aratanha4 ,"h we are =tunate 9 f9d+ an empty 8sobrada0 7two-/ori$ h\se71 9 :i* we %all e/abli% ourselves = ! two or ?ree days we mean to sp5d 9 ?is neighborhood4 ,we h _h x swept out1 h hung our hammocks 9 ! vacant rooms1 :i*1 ) ! exception ( a /raw s(a & a few *airs1 are innoc5t ( furniture2 & if we f9d x r =lorn )9 doors1 we h at lea/ beautiful views f all our w9d[s4 ,april #g?4--,pacatuba4 ,we h already asc]ta9$ t our exploration mu/ be conf9$ to ! s]ras 9 ! mid/ ( :i* we f9d ourselves2 = e "o tells u t1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! roads1 x w\ld be impossible to g to ,baturit & return 9 ! %ort "t we h at our disposal4 ,h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,agassiz is n disappo9t$2 = he says a f>!r j\rney c\ld only give him glacial ph5om5a on a l>g] scale1 :i* he f9ds "h imm$iately ab\t him 9 ! greate/ p]fection4 ,on ?is v ,s]ra ( ,aratanha1 at ! foot ( :i* we happ5 to h tak5 up our qu>t]s1 ! glacial ph5om5a are z legible z 9 any ( ! valleys ( ,ma9e1 or 9 ^? ( ! m\nta9s ( ,cumb]l& 9 ,engl&4 ,x _h evid5tly a local glaci]1 =m$ by ! meet+ ( two arms1 :i* desc5d$ f two depressions spread+ "r & left on ! upp] "p ( ! s]ra1 & jo9+ bel[ 9 ! ma9 valley4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! m$ial mora9e =m$ by ! meet+ ( ^! two arms c /ill be trac$ 9 ! c5tral valley4 ,"o ( ! lat]al mora9es is p]fectly pres]v$1 ! village road cutt+ ?r\gh x2 :ile ! village itself is built j )9 ! t]m9al mora9e1 :i* is ?r[n up 9 a long ridge 9 front ( x4 ,x is a curi\s fact t1 9 ! c5tre ( ! m$ial mora9e1 =m$ by a little m\nta9 /ream mak+ its way ?r\gh ! ridge ( rocks & b\ld]s1 is a delici\s ba?+ pool1 ov]gr[n by orange-trees & palms4 ,z ,mr4 ,agassiz came d[n f ! s]ra ye/]day1 heat$ ) 8 hunt aft] glaci]s "u a tropical sun1 he /opp$ to ba! 9 ?is pool4 ,he said1 z he enjoy$ its refre%+ coolness1 he c\ld n b be /ruck ) ! contra/ betwe5 ! orig9 ( ?is bas9 & ! vegetation :i* n[ surr\nds x2 to say no?+ ( ! odd co9cid5ce t he1 a naturali/ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 %\ld be ba?+ "u ! %ade ( palms & orange-trees on ! v spot :]e he s\ght & f\nd ! evid5ce ( a cold s int5se t x heap$ ! m\nta9s ) ice4 ,april #i?4--,ye/]day1 at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 we left ,pacatuba = ! h\se ( ,s5hor da ,co/a1 ly+ half-way up ! s]ra1 at a height ( ab\t eight hundr$ feet above ! level ( ! sea4 ,! pa? up ! s]ra is wild & picturesque1 l9$ ) imm5se b\ld]s1 & %ad$ ) l>ge trees2 :ile "h & !re a little cascade comes brawl+ d[n ov] ! rocks4 ,9 ?is climate1 a road s brok5 by b\ld]s is especially beautiful1 on acc\nt ( ! luxuriance ( ! vegetation4 ,exquisite v9es1 %rubs1 & ev5 trees spr+ up :]ev] !y c f9d ! lea/ soil 9 :i* to /rike root2 & _m ( ^! isolat$ rocks are g>d5s 9 !mselves4 ,"o imm5se b\ld] 9 ! pa? is split1 & f its c5tre spr+s a palm all drap]i$ 9 v9es4 ,( ! native trees1 ! ,g5ipapu 7,g5ipa brazili5sis71 ! ,imbauba 7,cecropia71 ! ,c>nauba 7,cop]nicia c]if]a71 ! ,catol 7,attalea humilis71 & ! ,pa d',arco 7,tecoma speciosa7 are mo/ prom95t4 ,! latt] is s nam$ because ! ,indians make _! b[s f its t\gh1 ela/ic wood4 ,?\gh n native to ! soil1 bananas1 cocoa-nut palms1 orange-trees1 z well z cotton & c(fee %rubs1 are abundant4 ,! cultivation ( c(fee1 :i* ?rives admirably on ! slopes ( all ! s]ras1 is ! great s\rce ( prosp]ity "h2 b1 at lea/ 9 ! sitios we h visit$1 x is difficult to judge ( ! ext5t ( ! plantations on acc\nt ( ! irregul> mann] ( plant+4 ,! crops are1 h[ev]1 v l>ge1 & ! c(fee sup]ior 9 quality4 ,i f\nd ! climb up ! precipit\s s]ra exce$+ly fatigu+4 ,! p :o live on ! m\nta9 come & g con/antly1 ev5 ) _! *ildr51 on horseback2 b z our horses 7 f ! city1 & unaccu/om$ to m\nta9 pa?s1 we _h pref]r$ asc5d+ on foot1 especially z ! ra9s _h made ! road m r\gh & brok5 ?an usual4 ,a m\nta9 scramble 9 ?is c\ntry is v diff]5t f ! same ?+ 9 temp]ate climates4 ,! lea/ ex]tion induces excessive p]spiration2 & if1 :5 ?us dr5*$ to ! sk91 y /op to re/1 y are *ill$ by ! slighte/ breeze4 ,i 0 v glad :51 aft] ab\t an h\r's climb+1 we rea*$ ! sitio ( ,s5hor da ,co/a1 on ! slope ( ! s]ra4 ,donna ,m>ia laugh$ at me = com+ up on foot1 & said ,i %\ld h m\nt$ l a man1 z %e does1 & asc5d$ ! s]ra on horseback4 ,inde$1 ,i ?9k a lady :o is oblig$ to make a j\rney 9 ! int]ior ( ,brazil %\ld dress ,bloom]-fa%ion & m\nt en cavali]4 ,a lady's seat on horseback is too insecure = dang]\s m\nta9 roads1 or = =d+ /reams2 & h] long skirt is ano!r inconv5i5ce4 ,no?+ c be m picturesque ?an ! situation ( ?is sitio4 ,x is surr\nd$ by magnific5t masses ( rock1 :i* seem emb$d$ 9 ! =e/1 z x 72 & by its side a cascade comes leap+ d[n ?r\gh ! trees1 s hidd5 by !m t1 ?\gh y he> ! voice ( ! wat] con/antly1 y only see its glimm] "h & !re among ! gre5 foliage4 ,! h\se itself /&s on a f9e specim5 ( mora9e1 flank$ on "o side by a bank ( r$ mora9ic soil1 ov]topp$ by b\ld]s4 ,x is s built 9 among huge masses ( rock t its walls seem half natural4 ,at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 spreads ! ,s]ta1 /ret*+ level = ! mo/ "p to ! ocean1 ?\gh brok5 "h & !re by bill[y hills ris+ isolat$ f its surface4 ,beyond x _m miles away may be se5 ! yell[ l9es ( ! s&-dunes on ! %ore1 & ! :ite glitt] ( ! sea4 ,! ,s]ta 7des]t7 is beautifully gre5 n[1 & spreads out l a v]dant prairie bel[4 ,b 9 ! dry season x ju/ifies its "n & becomes a v des]t inde$1 be+ s p>*$ t all vegetation is de/roy$4 ,! dr\ght is s great dur+ eight mon?s ( ! ye>1 t ! c\ntry p liv+ 9 ! ,s]ta are (t5 9 dang] ( fam9e f ! dry+ up ( all ! crops4#ajf ,aft] ?is long dry season ! ra9s (t5 set 9 ) t]rible viol5ce1 & x is at ?is "t t epidemics are develop$1 su* z prevail n[4 ,x ra9s day & night = weeks at a "t1 till ev]y?+ is p5etrat$ ) dampness2 & :5 ! hot sun comes out ^u ! soak$ & /eam+ e>?1 x is f> m injuri\s ?an 9 ! dry season4 ,"o _c wond] at ! prevail+ sickness1 = ! humidity seems to p]meate ev]y?+ ) subtle p[]4 ,! walls1 ! floors1 ! v furniture1--y\r hammock at night & y\r clo!s 9 ! morn+1--feel damp & h a sort ( clammy *ill2 & ! sun comes out ) su* fitful gleams1 t1 int5se z is its heat :ile x la/s1 no?+ becomes ?or\ghly dri$4 ,t[>d nightfall we w5t to see ! sunset f a b\ld] ( enorm\s size1 :i* seems to h /opp$ inexplicably on ! /eep desc5t4 ,x juts out f ! m\nta9-side1 & comm&s ev5 a m ext5sive view ?an ! h\se above4 ,i c\ld n help ?9k+1 z we /ood on ! edge ( ?is imm5se mass ( rock1 t1 z x seem$ to h /opp$ = no p>ticul> reason1 x might />t aga9 at any m9ute1 & br+ "o to ! bottom ( ! s]ra ) unpleasant rapidity4 ,april #aj?4--,ye/]day aft]noon we return$ to ,pacatuba1 desc5d+ ! s]ra mu* m rapidly & ) f> less fatigue ?an we _h asc5d$4 ,we w\ld gladly h avail$ ourselves long] ( ! pleasant hospitality ( our ho/s1 :o v graci\sly urg$ u to /ay2 b "t is preci\s1 & we are anxi\s n to miss ! next /eam]4 ,donna ,m>ia's k9dness foll[$ u d[n ! m\nta91 h[ev]1 = sc>cely _h we rea*$ ! h\se be=e an excell5t d9n]--/ew$ f[ls1 beef1 vegetables1 etc4--arriv$1 borne on ! heads ( two negroes4 ,:5 ,i saw ! load ^! m5 _h br\ght s /eadily d[n ! same pa? ov] :i* ,i _h come roll+1 pit*+1 tumbl+1 slid+1--any way1 9 %ort1 b walk+1--,i envi$ _! dext]ity1 & long$ to be z sure-foot$ z ^! %oeless1 half nak$1 ignorant blacks4 ,to-day we leave ,pacatuba = ! h\se ( ,s5hor ,frankl91 on our way back to ,ce>4 ,april #ab?4--,on ! #aj? we return$ to ,monguba1 :]e we pass$ t day & ! foll[+ night at ! faz5da ( our fri5ds1 ! ,frankl9s4 ,! next morn+ we _h int5d$ to />t at six o'clock on our way to ! city4 ,no soon] 7 ! horses at ! door1 h[ev]1 & ! pack-mules ready1 ?an a p\r+ ra9 began4 ,we wait$ = x to pass1 b x 0 foll[$ by %[] aft] %[]1 fall+ 9 solid %eets4 ,s ! day wore on till twelve o'clock1 :5 !re 0 a lull1 ) a prospect ( f9e wea!r1 & we />t$4 ,i c\ld n help feel+ "s anxiety1 = ,i rememb]$ ! /reams we _h =d$ 9 com+1 & wond]$ :at !y w\ld be aft] ^! torr5ts4 ,=tunately1 be=e we rea*$ ! fir/ ( !m1 we met two negroes1 :o w>n$ u t !re 0 a great deal ( wat] on ! road4 ,we hir$ !m to come on ) u1 & guide my horse4 ,:5 we rea*$ ! spot x really look$ appall+4 ,! road 0 inundat$ to a consid]able di/ance1 & ! wat] ru%$ across x ) great viol5ce1 hav+ 9 _m places a dep? ( f\r or five feet1 & a /rong curr5t4 ,if !re _h be5 a s\nd bottom to rely ^u1 ! wett+ w\ld h be5 no?+2 b ! road1 torn up by ! ra9s1 0 full ( holes & deep gullies1 s t ! horses1 com+ unexpect$ly on ^! inequalities1 w\ld sudd5ly fl\nd] up to _! necks 9 wat]1 & recov] _! foot+ only by kick+ & plung+4 ,we cross$ f\r su* /reams1 "o man lead+ my horse :ile ! g5tlem5 foll[$ close beh9d1 & ! second negro walk+ 9 front to see :]e x 0 possible to pass )\t gett+ completely out ( dep?4 ,^! /reams1 n q deep en\gh to all[ ! horse to swim1 & ) su* a brok5 bottom t he is 9 con/ant dang] ( fall+1 are sometimes m difficult ( passage ?an a riv]4 ,we met ) only "o accid5t1 h[ev]1 :i*1 z x did no h>m1 0 r ludicr\s ?an o!rwise4 ,! negroes _h left u1 say+ !re 0 no m deep wat] 9 ! road1 & :5 we came pres5tly to a %all[ /ream we ent]$ x q confid5tly4 ,x 0 trea*]\s1 h[ev]1 = j on its edge 0 a s(t1 adhesive bog-mud4 ,9 ent]+1 ! horses /epp$ across ?is quagmire1 b _! h9d legs 7 in/antly caught 9 x4 ,major ,c\t9ho1 :o 0 rid+ at my side1 seiz$ my bridle1 &1 spurr+ 8 own horse viol5tly1 bo? ! animals extricat$ !mselves at once by a p[]ful ef=t4 ,our s]vant1 :o foll[$ beh9d1 0 n s =tunate2 he 0 m\nt$ on a small mule1 :i* seem$ likely to be swall[$ up bodily = a mom5t1 s sudd5ly did x disappe> 9 ! mire2 ! man fell (f1 & x 0 "s m9utes be=e he & 8 animal rega9$ ! road1 a mass ( mud & dripp+ ) wat]4 ,we rea*$ ,ce> at five 9 ! aft]noon1 hav+ made a j\rney ( five leagues4 ,e "o tells u t ! /ate ( ! roads is mo/ unusual1 su* cont9u\s ra9s n hav+ be5 kn[n = _m ye>s4 ,! sickness 9 ! city cont9ues unabat$1 & a "y man :o 0 attack$ ) yell[-fev] 9 ! next h\se be=e we left has di$ 9 our abs5ce4 ,ev]y:]e on our j\rney we h he>d ! same compla9ts ( preval5t epidemics1 & ! au?orities are beg9n+ to close ! s*ools 9 ! t[n on acc\nt ( !m4 ,! /eam] is due 9 a day or two1 & we are mak+ our prep>ations = dep>ture4 ,we %\ld n bid good by to ,ce> )\t ackn[l$g+ ! sympa?y %[n by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,prov9ce1 ,s5hor ,homem de ,mello1 9 ! objects ( ! exp$ition4 ,mr4 ,agassiz has receiv$ a collection ( palms & fi%es1 ! directions = :i* he _h giv5 be=e />t+ = ! ,s]ra1 b ! exp5ses ( :i* are defray$ by ! ,presid5t1 :o insi/s ^u _! be+ receiv$ z a contribution f ! prov9ce4 ,mr4 ,agassiz is also greatly indebt$ to ,s5hor ,felice1 at ^: h\se we h lodg$1 = effici5t help 9 collect+1 & to ,s5hor ,cic]o de ,lima = a collection ( fi%es & insects f ! int]ior4 ,i conclude ?is *apt] ) a few passages f notes made by ,mr4 ,agassiz dur+ 8 exam9ation ( ! ,s]ra ( ,aratanha & ! site ( ,pacatuba4 8,i sp5t ! re/ ( ! day 9 a special exam9ation ( ! "r lat]al mora9e1 & "p ( ! front mora9e ( ! glaci] ( ,pacatuba2 my object 0 especially to asc]ta9 :e!r :at appe>$ a mora9e at fir/ might n1 aft] all1 be a spur ( ! s]ra1 decompos$ 9 place4 ,i asc5d$ ! ridge to its v orig91 & !re cross$ into an adjo9+ depression1 imm$iately bel[ ! ,sitio ( ,capta9 ,h5riquez1 :]e ,i f\nd ano!r glaci] bottom ( small] dim5sions1 ! ice ( :i* probably nev] rea*$ ! pla94 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! ridges encircl+ ^! depressions ! loose mat]ials & l>ge b\ld]s are s accumulat$ & emb$d$ 9 clay or s& t _! mora9ic "* is unmi/akable4 ,occasionally1 :]e a l$ge ( ! und]ly+ rock crops out1 9 places :]e ! drift has be5 remov$ by d5udation1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! mora9e & ! rock decompos$ 9 place is recogniz$ at once4 ,x is equally easy to di/+ui% ! b\ld]s :i* "h & !re h roll$ d[n f ! m\nta9 & /opp$ aga9/ ! mora9e4 ,! ?ree ?+s are side by side1 & might at fir/ be easily conf\nd$2 b a little famili>ity makes x easy to di/+ui% !m4 ,:]e ! lat]al mora9e turns t[>d ! front ( ! anci5t glaci]1 ne> ! po9t at :i* ! brook ( ,pacatuba cuts ?r\gh ! =m]1 & a little to ! we/ ( ! brook1 !re are colossal b\ld]s lean+ aga9/ ! mora9e1 f ! summit ( :i* !y h probably roll$ d[n4 ,ne> ! cemet]y ! front mora9e consi/s almo/ entirely ( small qu>tz pebbles2 !re are1 h[ev]1 a few l>g] blocks among !m4 ,! m$ial mora9e ext5ds ne>ly ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! village1 :ile ! left-h& lat]al mora9e lies outside ( ! village1 at its ea/]n end1 & is trav]s$ by ! road lead+ to ,ce>4 ,x is n impossible t ea/w>ds a ?ird tribut>y ( ! s]ra may h rea*$ ! ma9 glaci] ( ,pacatuba4 ,i may say1 t 9 ! :ole valley ( ,hasli !re are no accumulations ( mora9ic mat]ials m *>act]i/ic ?an ^? ,i h f\nd "h1--n ev5 ab\t ! ,kir*et2 nei!r are !re any rema9s ( ! k9d m /rik+ ab\t ! valleys ( ,m\nt ,des]t 9 ,ma9e1 :]e ! glacial ph5om5a are s rem>kable1 nor 9 ! valleys ( ,l\gh ,f9e1 ,l\gh ,augh1 & ,l\gh ,long 9 ,scotl&1 :]e ! traces ( anci5t glaci]s are s di/9ct4 ,9 none ( ^! localities are ! glacial ph5om5a m legible ?an 9 ! ,s]ra ( ,aratanha4 ,i hope t be=e long "s memb]s ( ! ,alp9e ,club1 ?or\ghly famili> ) ! glaci]s ( ! ,old ,_w1 n only 9 _! pres5t1 b also 9 _! pa/ condition1 w come to ^! m\nta9s ( ,ce> & trace ! outl9es ( _! =m] glaci]s m ext5sively ?an x has be5 possible = me to d 9 ?is %ort j\rney4 ,x w\ld be an easy excursion1 s9ce /eam]s f ,liv]pool & ,bordeaux rea* ,p]nambuco 9 ab\t t5 days1 arriv+ twice a mon?1 :ile ,brazilian /eam]s make ! trip f ,p]nambuco to ,ce> 9 two days4 ,! ne>e/ s]ra 9 :i* ,i h obs]v$ traces ( anci5t glaci]s is rea*$ f ,ce> 9 "o day on horseback4 ,! be/ season = su* a j\rney w\ld be ,june & ,july1 at ! close ( ! ra9y season1 & be=e ! great dr\ghts ( ! dry season h began40 ----- ,footnote #ajd3 ,! prosp]\s prov9ce ( ,ce> has f\nd 9 ,s5ator ,pompeo a wor?y expon5t ( its int]e/s2 n only does he repres5t ! prov9ce at ,rio de ,janeiro1 b1 by ! publication ( c>eful /ati/ics1 has l>gely contribut$ to its progress4--,l4 ,a4 ,footnote #aje3 ,= a v int]e/+ treatise on ?is palm1 & ! v>i\s bran*es ( indu/ry x may be made to subs]ve1 see 8,notice sur le ,palmi] ,c>nauba10 p> ,m4 ,a4 de ,mac$o1 ,p>is1 #ahfg1 #h4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,b = ! exi/5ce ( a %rub alli$ to our haw?orn1 & kn[n to botani/s z ,zizyphus ,joazeiro1 ! cattle w\ld suff] excessively dur+ ! dr\ght4 ,?is %rub is "o ( ! few plants common to ?is latitude :i* does n lose its foliage dur+ ! dry season1 &1 happily = ! inhabitants1 all ! h]bivor\s dome/icat$ animals delight to fe$ ^u x4--,l4 ,a4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,public ,,in/itutions ,,( ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro4--,,organ ,,m\nta9s4 ,,voyage ,,f ,,ce>4--,,fre%ets ,,at ,,p]nambuco4--,,arrival ,,at ,,rio4--,,collections4--,,vegetation ,,ab\t ,,rio ,,z ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,t ,,on ,,! ,,amazons4--,,mis]icordia ,,hospital4--,,*>ities ,,connect$ ,,) ,,x4--,,almsgiv+ ,,9 ,,brazil4--,,insane ,,asylum4--,,milit>y ,,s*ool4--,,! ,,m9t4--,,academy ,,( ,,f9e ,,arts4--,,h]oism ,,( ,a ,,negro4--,,prim>y ,,s*ool ,,= ,,girls4--,,neglect$ ,,education ,,( ,,wom5 ,,9 ,,brazil4--,,bl9d ,,asylum4--,,lectures4--,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,brazilian ,,audi5ce4--,,organ ,,m\nta9s4--,,walk ,,up ,,! ,,s]ra4--,,!resopolis4--,,visit ,,to ,,! 8,,/4 ,,l\is0 ,,faz5da4--,,climate ,,( ,,!resopolis4--,,desc5t ,,( ,,! ,,s]ra4--,,geology ,,( ,,! ,,organ ,,m\nta9s4--,,! ,,la/ ,,^w4 ,may #bi?4--,we arriv$ 9 ,rio m ?an a mon? ago1 hav+ left ,ce> on ! #af? ( ,april4 ,!re 0 no?+ wor? record+ 9 our voyage d[n ! coa/1 except t at ,p]nambuco we f\nd ! c\ntry ev5 m ov]fl[$ by ! rec5t ra9s ?an x _h be5 at ,ce>4 ,go+ to breakfa/ ) our fri5ds1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,r----1 only f\r or five miles f ! city1 we pass$ ?r\gh portions ( ! road :]e ! wat] 0 ne>ly level ) ! floor ( ! c>riage2 & tempor>y f]ries 7 e/abli%$ by negroes1 :o 7 ply+ rafts & canoes betwe5 ! %ores = ! b5efit ( foot-pass5g]s4 ,a mile or two beyond ,mr4 ,r----'s h\se we 7 told t ! road1 ?\gh "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t$ 9 ! neighborhood ( ! city1 _h become q impassable4 ,we saw _m ov]fl[$ g>d5s & h\ses ab&on$ because ! wat] 0 already above ! w9d[s ( ! gr\nd-floor4 ,we _h a w>m welcome back to ! beautiful bay ( ,rio1 on bo>d ! 8,susquehanna10 j !n 9 ! h>bor4 ,capta9 ,taylor s5t 8 boat at once to our /eam]1 & we 7 soon on 8 deck1 receiv$ s cordially by him & 8 (fic]s1 & by a p>ty ( ,am]ican fri5ds :o 7 mak+ a visit to 8 %ip1 t x seem$ l an anticipation ( our arrival at home4 ,!re is no?+ s pleasant z an unexpect$ meet+ ) "o's own fell[-citiz5s on com+ into a =eign port1 & ?is 0 a delightful surprise to u4 ,we are aga9 9 our old qu>t]s 9 ! ,rua ,direita1 &1 except t our fell[-travell]s are all scatt]$1 x w\ld seem z if we _h /epp$ back a ye>4 ,s9ce our return1 ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 arrang+ & despat*+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! num]\s specim5s :i* h be5 s5t 9 dur+ our abs5ce4 ,among !m is ! l>ge & v complete collection made = him by ! ,emp]or la/ summ]1 :5 9 comm& ( ! army at ! ,s\?4 ,x conta9s fi%es f sev]al ( ! s\!rn fre%-wat] bas9s1 & includes a great numb] ( new species4 ,tak5 9 connection ) ! ,amazonian collections & ^? f ! int]ior1 x af=ds mat]ial = an ext5sive comp>ison ( ! faun ( ! s\!rn & nor!rn fre%-wat]s 9 ,brazil4 ,our excursions s9ce our return h be5 only 9 ! neighborhood ( ! city to ,petropolis & ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad4 ,we are surpris$1 on return+ to ?is road :ile our ,amazonian impressions are fre% 9 our m9ds1 to f9d t ! vegetation1 ! ri*ness ( :i* amaz$ u :5 we fir/ arriv$ 9 ,brazil1 looks almo/ meagre 9 comp>ison to t ) :i* we h s9ce be5 famili>4 ,x is dw>f$1 to our eye1 by ! /ill m luxuriant gr[? ( ! nor?4 ,ye/]day 0 ,mr4 ,agassiz's bir?day1 aga9 made v bright to u by ! cordial te/imony ( k9d feel+ & sympa?y f 8 fri5ds & c\ntry p4 ,9 ! ev5+ we 7 pleasantly surpris$ by a tor*light procession 9 8 honor1 =m$ by ! ,g]man & ,swiss resid5ts ( ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,! fe/ivities conclud$ ) a s]5ade "u our w9d[s by ! ,g]man club4 ,june #d?4--,:5 we 7 9 ,rio de ,janeiro la/ ye>1 ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 s mu* occupi$ ) ! plans ( ! exp$ition t he 0 unable to visit ! s*ools ( ! city1 its *>itable in/itutions1 & ! l4 ,be+ unwill+ to leave ,brazil )\t kn[+ some?+ ( ! public works 9 its l>ge/ capital1 we are n[ engag$ 9 8sight-see+40 ,?is morn+ we visit$ ! ,mis]icordia ,hospital4 ,p]haps x w give a bett] idea ( ?is in/itution1 & ( ! influ5ces "u :i* x at pres5t exi/s1 to speak ( x fir/ z x 0 =m]ly4 ,ne>ly =ty ye>s ago !re 0 9 ,rio de ,janeiro a hospital call$ 8,de la ,mis]icordia40 ,its w>ds 7 l[1 its entries 7 conf9$ & close1 its /aircases /eep & n>r[4 ,accord+ to ! acc\nts ( physicians :o 7 m$ical /ud5ts !re 9 ^? days1 its int]nal organization 0 z sordid z its g5]al aspect4 ,! floors 7 wet & dirty1 ! b$s wret*$1 ! l95 soil$2 & ! abs5ce ( a sy/em ( v5tilation made itself ! m felt on acc\nt ( ! want ( g5]al cleanl9ess4 ,! corpses await$ burial 9 a room :]e ! rats held high fe/ival2 & a physician1 :o has s9ce occupi$ a di/+ui%$ position 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 told u t :51 z a /ud5t1 he w5t to seek !re ! mat]ials = 8 anatomical /udies1 he (t5 f\nd life /irr+ 9 ?is *amb] ( ! dead1 & />tl$ away ^! unseemly visitors4 ,su*1 9 brief1 0 ! ,mis]icordia ,hospital at ! "t :5 ,brazil secur$ h] indep5d5ce4 ,let u see :at x is n[4 ,on ! same spot1 ?\gh occupy+ a mu* l>g] space1 /&s ! pres5t hospital4 ,:5 complet$1 x w consi/ ( ?ree p>allel build+s1 long 9 proportion to _! bread?1 connect$ by cross corridors enclos+ c\rts betwe5 !m4 ,! c5tral edifice1 int5d$ = male pati5ts1 has be5 long 9 use4 ,! front build+1 look+ on ! bay1 is ne>ly complet$1 & is to be devot$ to ! /ores1 to accommodations = hospital physicians1 nurses1 c4 ,! re> build+1 n yet begun1 w be = ! use ( wom5 & *ildr51 :o n[ occupy ! old hospital4 ,let u look fir/ at ! c5tral division4 ,we ent] a spaci\s hall til$ ) m>ble4 ,a small] hall1 lead+ out ( x1 connects ) "o or two reception-rooms1 :]e visitors are receiv$1 & m$ic9es giv5 out gratis to poor applicants4 ,a broad /aircase ( d>k wood br+s u to ! wide corridors1 on :i* ! w>ds op51 & :i* look out ^u gre5 g>d5s enclos$ betwe5 ! build+s1 :]e convalesc5ts may be se5 /roll+ ab\t1 or re/+ 9 ! %ade4 ,at ! fir/ w>d we are receiv$ by a ,si/] ( ,*>ity1 :o1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,sup]ior1 is to %[ u ! e/abli%m5t4 ,a description ( "o w>d w answ] = all1 s9ce !y are id5tical4 ,x is a long1 l(ty room1 ! b$s 9 r[s on ei!r side1 fac+ outw>d1 & hav+ a broad1 op5 space d[n ! c5tre4 ,! b$s are arrang$ two & two 9 pairs1 ea* pair be+ divid$ by a door or w9d[4 ,betwe5 e two b$s is a little ni*e 9 ! wall1 ) a %elf to draw out und]nea?4 ,9 ! ni*e are "o or two pit*]s or goblets hold+ ! pati5t's dr9k2 on ! %elf is 8 mug1 ready to 8 h&4 ,to a height ( "s six or eight feet ! wall is wa9scot$ ) blue-&-:ite porcela9 tiles4 ,!y are easily wa%$1 d n contract dampness1 & look v cool & fre%4 ,! floor is made ( ! d>k ,brazilian wood1 p>tly inlaid1 & wax$ c>efully2 n a /a9 is to be se5 any:]e on its %9+ surface4 ,! b$d+ consi/s ( a well-/uff$ /raw-mattress bel[1 ) a ?ick hair-mattress above4 ,! %eets & pill[-cases are spotless4 ,inde$1 ev]y?+ 9 ?is fre%1 well-air$1 spaci\s room bespeaks an exquisite ord] & neatness4 ,! ba?-rooms are 9 conv5i5t relation to ! w>ds1 furni%$ ) l>ge m>ble ba?-tubs1 & ) hot & cold wat] 9 abundance4 ,f ! public w>ds we pass into l>ge corridors1 ^u :i* op5 private ap>tm5ts = ! use ( p]sons :o1 n hav+ conv5i5t arrangem5ts at home1 or be+ /rang]s 9 ! city1 pref]1 9 case ( illness1 to g to ! hospital4 ,! r5t ( ^! *amb]s is exce$+ly mod]ate2--= a room to "o's self1 #a4ej a day2 = a room %>$ ) "o o!r p]son1 #a a day2 = a b$ 9 a l>g] room occupi$ by half a doz51 b )drawn f ! g5]al ?rong1 #ge c5ts4 ,^! *>ges include m$ical att5dance1 nurs+1 & food4 ,f ! w>ds devot$ to ord9>y diseases1 fev]s & ! l1 we w5t to ! surgical w>ds4 ,x ne$ n be said t "h ! same neatness & c>e prevail$2 ! op]at+ rooms1 ! surg]y l9$ ) cases conta9+ in/rum5ts1 l9t1 b&ages1 c4 7 all 9 faultless ord]4 ,f ?is build+--look+1 z we w5t1 into ! kit*51 :]e ! cont5ts ( ! great %9y copp] kettles smelt v invit+ly--we pass$ ?r\gh a pav$ c\rt to ! old hospital1 9 :i* are ! w>ds = wom5 & *ildr54 ,?is gave u an opportunity ( comp>+1 at lea/ 9 its g5]al arrangem5t1 ! anci5t e/abli%m5t ) ! mod]n "o4 ,! neatness & ord] prevail+ ?r\gh\t make ev5 ?is "p ( ! hospital attractive & *e]ful2 b "o feels at once ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! high1 airy rooms & op5 corridors ( ! new build+ & ! m conf9$ qu>t]s ( ! old "o4 ,9 bo? p>ts ( ! hospital ! m+l+ ( color impresses ! /rang]4 ,blacks & :ites lie side by side1 & ! proportion ( negroes is consid]able1 bo? among ! m5 & wom54 ,! *>ity ( ! ,mis]icordia is a v compreh5sive "o2 x includes n only maladies susceptible ( cure1 b has also its w>d = old & infirm p]sons1 :o w nev] leave x except = _! la/ home4 ,! day be=e our visit a v ag$ woman _h be5 buri$ !nce1 :o _h liv$ "u ?is ro( = sev5te5 ye>s4 ,!re is also a provision = *ildr5 ^: p>5ts die 9 ! hospital1 & :o h no natural protector4 ,!y rema9 !re1 receive an elem5t>y education1 be+ taught to read1 write1 & ciph]2 & are n turn$ into ! _w until !y are ( age to m>ry or to ent] into s]vice4 ,!re is a *apel connect$ ) ! hospital1 & _m ( ! w>ds are furni%$ ) an alt> at "o end1 above :i* is plac$ a /atue ( ! ,virg91 a crucifix1 or a picture ( "s sa9t4 ,i c\ld n help ask+ myself if regul> religi\s s]vices w\ld n be a wise addition to all *>itable in/itutions ( ?is k9d1 :e!r ,prote/ant or ,ca?olic4 ,to ! respectable poor1 _! *ur* is a great deal4 ,_m a convalesc5t w\ld be glad to he> ! ,sunday hymn1 to jo9 9 ! pray] put up = 8 recov]y2 & w\ld ?9k himself ! bett]1 body & s\l1 because he _h li/5$ to a s]mon4 ,to be sure1 9 our c\ntry1 :]e cre$s are s v>i\s1 & almo/ e pati5t might h 8 own doctr9al speciality1 !re might be "s difficulties :i* d n exi/ :]e !re is a /ate religion1 & "o =m ( s]vice is sure to suit all4 ,/ill1 _m w\ld be com=t$ & consol$1 & w\ld come )\t ask+ :e!r ! cl]gyman 7 ( ?is or t d5om9ation1 if !y felt him to be g5u9e & truly dev\t4 ,i h pres5t$ ! old hospital & ! pres5t "o 9 direct contra/1 because ! comp>ison gives a measure ( ! progress :i*1 9 "s directions at lea/1 has tak5 place dur+ ! la/ ?irty or =ty ye>s 9 ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,x is true1 t all _! in/itutions h n advanc$ 9 proportion to _! b5evol5t e/abli%m5ts2 *>ity1 l hospitality1 may be said to be a national virtue among ! ,brazilians4 ,!y hold almsgiv+ a religi\s duty1 & are m lib]al to _! *ur*es & to ! public *>ities connect$ ) !m ?an to _! in/itutions ( le>n+4 ,unhappily1 a great deal ( _! lib]ality ( ?is k9d is exp5d$ ^u *ur* fe/as1 /reet processions1 sa9t days1 & ! l1 m calculat$ to fe$ sup]/ition ?an to /imulate pure religi\s s5tim5t4 ,we %\ld n leave ! ,mis]icordia )\t "s allusion to ! man to :om x *iefly owes its pres5t "*4 ,jos ,clem5te ,p]eira w\ld h be5 gratefully rememb]$ by ! ,brazilians z a /atesman ( di/+ui%$ m]it1 :o 0 intimately associat$ ) m ?an "o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 _! hi/ory1 ev5 _h he no o!r claim on _! e/eem4 ,he 0 born 9 ,portugal1 & di/+ui%$ himself z a "y man 9 ! ,p59sul> w>4 ,?\gh he 0 already tw5ty-eight ye>s ( age :5 he left ,europe1 he seems to h be5 z true a lov] ( ,brazil z if born on h] soil4 ,8 m]it 0 soon recogniz$ 9 8 adopt$ c\ntry1 & he occupi$1 at diff]5t times1 "s ( ! highe/ (fices ( ! realm4 ,! e>ly "p ( 8 political c>e] fell ^u ! /ormy times :5 ,brazil 0 /ruggl+ = h] national exi/5ce z an indep5d5t ,empire2 b dur+ ! m tranquil close ( 8 life he seems to h be5 *iefly occupi$ 9 works ( b5evol5ce1 9 f\nd+ *>itable in/itutions1 & ev5 9 p]sonal att5dance ^u ! sick & suff]+4 ,! "n ( ?is b5evol5t ,brazilian is associat$ n only ) ! ,mis]icordia hospital1 b also ) ! admirable asylum = ! insane at ,botafogo1 :i* be>s ! "n ( ! pres5t ,emp]or4 ,a great "p ( ! funds = ?is e/abli%m5t 7 obta9$ 9 an orig9al way1 :i* %[s t ,p]eira knew h[ to turn ! weaknesses ( 8 c\ntrym5 to good acc\nt4 ,! ,brazilians are addict$ to titles1 & ! gov]nm5t (f]$ di/9ctions ( ?is k9d to weal?y citiz5s :o w\ld end[ ! insane asylum4 ,!y 7 to be ei!r comm5dadores or b>ons1 ! importance ( ! title be+ 9 proportion to ! magnitude ( _! donations4 ,l>ge sums 7 actually obta9$ 9 ?is way1 & sev]al ( ! titl$ m5 ( ,rio ?us pur*as$ _! pat5ts ( nobility4 ,:5 ,i fir/ arriv$ 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 m]e *ance l$ me to visit ?is asylum4 ,ent]+ z a /rang]1 ,i saw only ! out] rooms1 li/5$ to ! ev5+ s]vice 9 ! *apel = a few mom5ts1 & 0 /ruck ) ! ord] & quiet :i* seem$ to prevail4 ,x c]ta9ly nev] w\ld h occurr$ to me t ,i 0 9 an insane hospital4 ,to-day ,mr4 ,agassiz & myself1 accompani$ by our fri5d ,dr4 ,pa*eco da ,silva1 pass$ sev]al h\rs !re1 & saw ! :ole e/abli%m5t 9 detail4 ,! build+ faces ^u ,botafogo ,bay1 hav+ ! bea* imm$iately be=e x2 on its "r ! picturesque gap1 "o side ( :i* is made by ! ,pa de ,assuc>1 & on its left ! beautiful valley runn+ up t[>d ,corcovado4 ,?us1 look+ on ! sea & surr\nd$ by m\nta9s1 x comm&s exquisite views on e side4 ,! plan ( ! build+1 9 its g5]al arrangem5t1 is n unlike t ( ! ,mis]icordia4 ,x is a h&some solid /one /ructure1 r long 9 proportion to its height1 & consi/s ( two p>allel build+s1 connect$ by cross corridors4 ,^! corridors enclose c\rts1 plant$ ) trees & fl[]s1 & mak+ v pleasant g>d5s4 ,! entrance hall is 9 ! c5tre1 & has on ei!r side ! /atues ( ,p9el & ,esquirol1 ! two ,fr5* ma/]s 9 ! treatm5t ( m5tal diseases4 ,! /atues h no m]it z works ( art2 b x 0 pleasant to see !m !re1 z %[+ a recognition ( :at ^! m5 h done = sci5ce & = humanity4 ,a broad1 l[ /aircase ( d>k wood leads up to ! *apel4 ,"h we look$ ) int]e/ at ! ornam5ts on ! alt>1 because !y are ! "w ( ! pati5ts1 :o take great pleasure 9 mak+ artificial fl[]s & o!r decorations = ! *ur*4 ,on ! same floor ) ! *apel is a l>ge hall1 :]e /&s ! /atue ( ! y\?ful ,emp]or ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo4 ,opposite to x is t ( ,p]eira4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ?is /atue 0 pres5t$ by ! ,emp]or1 & at 8 reque/ plac$ opposite 8 own4 ,! face1 q 9 keep+ ) ! hi/ory ( ! man1 is expressive bo? ( great b5evol5ce & rem>kable decision4 ,connect$ ) ?is hall are sev]al reception-halls1 p>lors1 & ante*amb]s2 inde$1 too mu* room is assign$ to m]e /ate ap>tm5ts 9 an e/abli%m5t :]e space mu/ be preci\s4 ,"o ( ?is suite ( rooms 0 devot$ to ! v>i\s fancy-"w made by ! pati5ts1--embroid]y ( all sorts1 artificial fl[]s & ! l4 ,!nce we pass$ to ! w>ds4 ,z 9 ! ,mis]icordia1 ! rooms are v l>ge & high1 wa9scot$ ) tiles1 & op5+ ^u wide corridors1 :i* look out into ! enclos$ g>d5s4 ,"s ( ! dormitories h fifte5 or tw5ty b$s1 b _m ( ! sleep+-rooms are small]1 x be+ bett]1 no d\bt1 to sep>ate ! pati5ts at night4 ,we saw b little indication ( suff]+ or di/ress among !m4 ,!re 7 "o or two cases ( religi\s melan*oly1 ) ! look ( fix$1 absorb$ sadness *>act]i/ic ( t =m ( insanity4 ,we 7 met once or twice by ! vacant />e1 & he>d ! s5seless *att] & laugh always to be f\nd 9 ^! sadde/ ( all asylums = human suff]+4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 an air ( *e]fulness prevail$2 ) few exceptions all ! pati5ts 7 occupi$1 ! wom5 ) pla9 sew+ or embroid]y1 ! m5 ) c>p5t]+1 %oemak+1 or tailor+1 mak+ cig>s = ! use ( ! e/abli%m5t1 or pick+ ov] old cordage4 ,! ,sup]ior told u t occupation 0 f\nd to be ! mo/ effici5t rem$y1 & t ?\gh "w 0 n compulsory1 ) few exceptions all ! pati5ts pref]r$ to %>e 9 x4 ,! :ole s]vice ( ! h\se--wa%+1 sweep+1 wax+ ! floors1 clean+ ! *amb]s & putt+ !m 9 ord]--is p]=m$ by !m4 ,sunday is f\nd to be ! mo/ difficult day1 because mu* ( ! ord9>y occupation is susp5d$1 & ! pati5ts become unruly 9 proportion z !y are unemploy$4 ,f ^! ap>tm5ts1 :]e all 7 busy & comp>atively quiet1 we pass$ to a corridor enclos+ a l>ge c\rt1 :]e "s ( ! lunatics1 too re/less = employm5t1 7 walk+ ab\t1 ge/iculat+ & talk+ l\dly4 ,! corridor 0 l9$ on its inn] side ) *amb]s devot$ to ! use ( ^? ^: viol5ce made x necess>y to conf9e !m4 ,! doors & w9d[s 7 grat$1 ! rooms empty ( furniture1 b well light$1 spaci\s1 & airy2 n at all l cells1 except 9 be+ s /rongly secur$4 ,!y 7 mo/ly )\t occupants2 b z we pass$ "o ( !m a man ru%$ to ! door1 & call$ out to u t he 0 n a prison] because he 0 mad1 b t he _h kill$ ,lopez1 & 0 n[ ! rightful ,emp]or ( ,brazil4 ,?is corridor l$ u to ! ba?-rooms1 :i* are really on a magnific5t scale4 ,a numb] ( imm5se m>ble tubs are sunk 9 ! til$ floors4 ,!y are ( diff]5t dep?s1 adapt$ = /&+1 sitt+1 or ly+ d[n1 & h e v>iety ( arrangem5t = d\*e1 %[]1 or sponge ba?s4 ,?is hospital1 l ! ,mis]icordia1 is "u ! c>e ( ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 & is a model ( neatness & ord]4 ,! ,sup]ior has a face rem>kable = its s]5ity1 expressive at once ( sweetness & good s5se4 ,f h] we le>n$ "s int]e/+ facts respect+ insanity 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,%e says furi\s maniacs are r>e1 & t viol5ce g5]ally yields readily to treatm5t4 ,%e also told u t insanity is m common among ! poor ?an among ! bett] classes4 ,?\gh ! asylum conta9s ap>tm5ts = private pati5ts1 !re are seldom m ?an eight or t5 p]sons ( ?is description to occupy !m4 ,?is is n because !y h any *oice ( e/abli%m5ts1 = !re is no o!r insane hospital 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 ?\gh !re are "o or two 8,maisons de ,sant0 :]e insane p]sons are receiv$4 ,!re 7 m blacks among ! pati5ts ?an we _h expect$ to see1 ! g5]al impression be+ t insanity is r>e among ! negroes4 ,we left ?is hospital impress$ by its sup]iority4 ,a c\ntry :i* has s high a /&>d ( excell5ce 9 its *>ities c h>dly fail1 soon] or lat]1 to br+ its in/itutions ( le>n+ & its public works g5]ally up to ! same level4 ,excell5ce 9 "o dep>tm5t leads to excell5ce 9 all4 ,f ! hospital we cont9u$ our walk to ! milit>y s*ool1 "s qu>t] ( a mile f>!r4 ,x /&s 9 ! gap betwe5 ! ,pa de ,assuc> & ! opposite range ( hills1 & has ! ,botafogo ,bay on "o side1 ! ,praia ,v]melha on ! o!r4 ,"h1 z else:]e 9 ! public s*ools ( ,rio de ,janeiro1 !re is a progressive movem5t2 b old & !oretical me?ods /ill prevail to a great degree4 ,! maps are poor2 !re are no bas-reliefs1 no l>ge globes1 few dissections or *emical analyses1 no philosophical exp]im5ts1 & no libr>y des]v+ ! "n4 ,! s*ool1 h[ev]1 has be5 9 effici5t op]ation only six ye>s1 & improvem5ts 9 ! build+1 z well z 9 ! app>atus = in/ruction1 are made daily4 ,s f> z its dome/ic economy is conc]n$1 ! appo9tm5ts ( ! e/abli%m5t are excell5t2 inde$1 "o is r incl9$ to criticise x z ov]-luxuri\s = boys educat$ to be soldi]s4 ,! s*ool-rooms & dormitories1 z well z ! d9+-room1 :]e ! tables 7 laid ) a nice s]vice ( crock]y & glass1 & also ! kit*5s1 7 clean & ord]ly4 ,we _c b wond] t ! /reets ( ,rio de ,janeiro %\ld be dirti] & m (f5sive ?an ^? ( any o!r city we h visit$1 :5 we see ! scrupul\s neatness *>act]i/ic ( all its public e/abli%m5ts4 ,! obs]vance ( cleanl9ess 9 ?is respect %[s t ! ,brazilians recognize its importance1 & x seems /range t !y %\ld tol]ate nuisances 9 _! /reets :i* make x almo/ impossible to pass ?r\gh _m ( !m on foot4 ,june #g?4--,ye/]day we visit$ ! ,m9t1 ! ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts1 & a prim>y s*ool = girls4 ,( ! ,m9t x is sc>cely fair to judge 9 its pres5t condition2 a new build+ is ne>ly complet$1 & all improvem5ts 9 ma*9]y are wisely def]r$ until ! e/abli%m5t is remov$4 ,:5 ?is *ange takes place1 mu* t is antiquat$ w be improv$1 & its _m defici5cies suppli$4 ,!re is little k (1 or int]e/ 91 art 9 ,brazil4 ,pictures are z r>e z books 9 a ,brazilian h\se2 & ?\gh ,rio de ,janeiro has an ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts1 includ+ a s*ool ( design & sculpture1 x is /ill 9 too elem5t>y a condition to w>rant criticism4 ,! only int]e/+ picture 9 ! collection d]ives its attraction :olly f ! circum/ances connect$ ) x1 n at all f any m]it 9 ! execution4 ,x is a lik5ess ( a negro :o1 9 a %ipwreck (f ! coa/1 sav$ a numb] ( lives at ! risk ( 8 own4 ,:5 he _h br\ght sev]al pass5g]s to ! %ore1 he 0 told t two *ildr5 rema9$ 9 ! %ip4 ,he swam back once m & br\ght !m safely to ! bea*1 b sank d[n himself exhau/$1 & 0 seiz$ ) hemorrhage4 ,a consid]able sum 0 rais$ = him 9 ! city ( ,rio1 & 8 picture 0 plac$ 9 ! ,academy to commemorate 8 h]oism4 ,( ! public s*ool = girls n mu* c be said4 ,! education ( wom5 is little reg>d$ 9 ,brazil1 & ! /&>d ( in/ruction = girls 9 ! public s*ools is l[4 ,ev5 9 ! private s*ools1 :]e ! *ildr5 ( ! bett] class are s5t1 x is ! compla9t ( all tea*]s t !y are tak5 away f s*ool j at ! "t :5 _! m9ds beg9 to develop4 ,! majority ( girls 9 ,brazil :o g to s*ool at all are s5t at ab\t sev5 or eight ye>s ( age1 & are consid]$ to h f9i%$ _! education at ?irte5 or f\rte54 ,! next /ep 9 _! life is m>riage4 ,( c\rse !re are exceptions2 "s p>5ts wisely leave _! *ildr5 at s*ool1 or direct _! in/ruction at home1 till !y are sev5te5 or eighte5 ye>s ( age1 & o!rs s5d _! girls abroad4 ,b usually1 ) ! exception ( "o or two accompli%m5ts1 su* z ,fr5* or music1 ! education ( wom5 is neglect$1 & ?is neglect affects ! :ole tone ( society4 ,x does n *ange ! g5]al tru? ( ?is /atem5t1 t !re are ,brazilian ladies :o w\ld be recogniz$ 9 ! be/ society z wom5 ( ! highe/ intellig5ce & culture4 ,b !y are ! exceptions1 z !y inevitably mu/ be "u ! pres5t sy/em ( in/ruction1 & !y feel its influ5ce ^u _! social position only ! m bitt]ly4 ,inde$1 _m ( ! wom5 ,i h kn[n mo/ intimately "h h spok5 to me ) deep regret ( _! limit$1 imprison$ exi/5ce4 ,!re is n a ,brazilian s5hora1 :o has ev] ?\ght ab\t ! subject at all1 :o is n aw>e t h] life is "o ( repression & con/ra9t4 ,%e _c g out ( h] h\se1 except "u c]ta9 conditions1 )\t awak5+ sc&al4 ,h] education leaves h] :olly ignorant ( ! mo/ common topics ( a wid] int]e/1 ?\gh p]haps ) a tol]able k ( ,fr5* & music4 ,! _w ( books is clos$ to h]2 = !re is little ,portuguese lit]ature into :i* %e is all[$ to look1 & t ( o!r languages is /ill less at h] comm&4 ,%e kn[s little ( ! hi/ory ( h] own c\ntry1 almo/ no?+ ( t ( o!rs1 & %e is h>dly aw>e t !re is any religi\s fai? except ! uni=m "o ( ,brazil2 %e has probably nev] he>d ( ! ,re=mation1 nor does %e dream t !re is a sea ( ?\ght surg+ 9 ! _w outside1 con/antly develop+ new phases ( national & individual life2 inde$1 ( all b h] own n>r[ dome/ic exi/5ce %e is pr(\ndly ignorant4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 /ay+ at a faz5da1 ,i took up a volume :i* 0 ly+ on ! piano4 ,a book is su* a r>e sight1 9 ! rooms occupi$ by ! family1 t ,i 0 curi\s to see its cont5ts4 ,z ,i /ood turn+ ov] ! leaves 7x prov$ to be a romance71 ! ma/] ( ! h\se came up1 & rem>k$ t ! book 0 n suitable read+ = ladies1 b t "h 7putt+ into my h& a small volume7 0 a "w adapt$ to ! use ( wom5 & *ildr51 :i* he _h provid$ = ! s5horas ( 8 family4 ,i op5$ x1 & f\nd x to be a sort ( textbook ( morals1 fill$ ) commonplace s5tim5ts1 copybook phrases1 writt5 9 a tone ( condesc5d+ indulg5ce = ! fem99e intellect4 ,wom5 be+1 aft] all1 ! mo!rs ( m51 & und]/ood to h "s little influ5ce on _! education1 ,i c\ld h>dly wond]1 aft] see+ ?is specim5 ( _! intellectual food1 t ! wife & daught]s ( our ho/ 7 n greatly addict$ to read+4 ,no?+ /rikes a /rang] m ?an ! abs5ce ( books 9 ,brazilian h\ses4 ,if ! fa!r is a pr(essional man1 he has 8 small libr>y ( m$ic9e or law1 b books are nev] se5 scatt]$ ab\t z if 9 common use2 !y make no "p ( ! daily life4 ,i repeat1 t !re are exceptions4 ,i well rememb] f9d+ 9 ! sitt+-room ( a "y girl1 by ^: family we _h be5 mo/ cordially receiv$1 a well-select$ libr>y ( ! be/ lit]>y & hi/orical works 9 ,g]man & ,fr5*2 b ?is is ! only in/ance ( ! k9d we met ) dur+ our ye> 9 ,brazil4 ,ev5 :5 ! ,brazilian wom5 h receiv$ ! ord9>y advantages ( education1 !re is some?+ 9 _! home-life s re/rict$1 s %ut out f natural contact ) ext]nal influ5ces1 t ?is 9 itself t5ds to cripple _! developm5t4 ,_! amusem5ts are z meagre & scanty z _! means ( in/ruction4 ,9 writ+ ^! ?+s ,i b e*o ! ?\ght ( _m intellig5t ,brazilians1 :o lam5t a social evil :i* !y d n well "k h[ to re=m4 ,if among our ,brazilian fri5ds !re are "s :o1 famili> ) ! m progressive aspect ( life 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 "q ! accuracy ( my /atem5ts1 ,i c only say t !y d n "k ! condition ( society 9 ! nor!rn cities & prov9ces4 ,among my own sex1 ,i h nev] se5 su* sad lives z became kn[n to me !re1--lives depriv$ ( heal?y1 invigorat+ happ9ess1 & intol]ably monoton\s1--a negative suff]+1 hav+ its s\rce1 x is true1 9 ! abs5ce ( enjoym5t r ?an 9 ! pres5ce ( positive evils1 b all ! m to be deplor$ because s /agnant & inactive4 ,beh9d all defects 9 me?ods ( in/ruction1 !re lies a fault ( dome/ic education1 to be lam5t$ ?r\gh\t ,brazil4 ,?is is ! con/ant association ) black s]vants1 &1 worse /ill1 ) negro *ildr51 ( :om !re are usually a numb] 9 e h\se4 ,:e!r ! l[ & vici\s habits ( ! negroes are ! result ( slav]y or n1 !y _c be d5i$2 & x is s+ul> to see p]sons1 o!rwise c>eful & consci5ti\s ab\t _! *ildr51 all[+ !m to live 9 ! con/ant companion%ip ( _! blacks1 wait$ ^u by ! old] ones1 play+ all day ) ! y\ng] ones4 ,x %[s h[ bl9d we may become1 by cu/om1 to ! mo/ palpable dang]s4 ,a /rang] obs]ves at once ! evil results ( ?is contact ) vulg>ity & vice1 ?\gh (t5 unnotic$ by ! p>5ts4 ,9 ! capital1 "s ( ^! evils are fa/ disappe>+2 inde$1 ^? :o rememb] ,rio de ,janeiro =ty ye>s ago h witness$1 dur+ t %ort p]iod1 a rem>kable *ange = ! bett] 9 ! /ate ( society4 ,nor %\ld x be =gott5 t ! highe/ au?ority 9 ! community is ex]t$ 9 ! cause ( a lib]al culture = wom54 ,x is well kn[n t ! education ( ! ,imp]ial pr9cesses has be5 n only sup]9t5d$1 b 9 a great measure p]sonally conduct$1 by _! fa!r4 ,july #h?4--,i 0 prev5t$ ye/]day f go+ to ! ,bl9d ,asylum ) ,mr4 ,agassiz1 b ,i transcribe 8 notes ^u ?is1 z well z ^u ! ,m>9e ,ars5al1 :i* he also visit$ )\t me4 8,! build+ is old & 9 a ru9\s condition4 ,i 0 n all[$ to g ov] x1 ev]y?+ be+ br\ght to ! reception-room = my inspection1 ?\gh ,i told ! director t ,i did n c>e ab\t ! ext]nal arrangem5ts1 b simply wi%$ to "k by :at means ! privations ( ! bl9d 7 alleviat$ 9 8 e/abli%m5t4 ,! same processes ( r\t9e prevail "h z 9 o!r s*ools & colleges ,i h se5 9 ,rio4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n peculi> to ,portuguese or ,brazilian habits ( in/ruction4 ,! old habit ( ov]rat+ memory1 & neglect+ ! m active & productive faculties ( ! m9d1 /ill prevails m or less 9 education ev]y:]e4 ,i le>n$ little ( ! g5]al sy/em pursu$4 ,! tea*]s 7 m anxi\s to %[ (f ! ability ( special pupils 9 read+1 writ+ f dictation1 & music1 ?an to expla9 _! me?ods ( in/ruction4 ,vocal & in/rum5tal music seem$ ! favorite occupation2 b ?\gh x is v pa!tic to he> ! bl9d deplore _! mis=tune & express _! crav+ = light 9 h>moni\s s\nds1 x does n1 aft] all1 give mu* in=mation z to ! way 9 :i* _! calamity is reliev$4 ,i %\ld add1 t _! musical p]=mance is excell5t1 & does great cr$it to _! ,g]man pr(essor4 ,x /ruck me t v little use 0 made ( object-tea*+1 su* z is s mu* 9 vogue = *ildr5 9 ,g]many4 ,!re are n z _m models 9 ! :ole e/abli%m5t z w\ld be f\nd 9 any nurs]y 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,g]many4 ,! maps also are v poor4 8,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! public e/abli%m5ts at ,rio de ,janeiro is ! ,m>9e ,ars5al4 ,f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico to ,cape ,horn !re is n to be f\nd on ! ,atlantic coa/ ano!r port :]e a vessel ( w>1 or ev5 a m]*ant vessel ( l>ge tonnage1 c\ld und]go important repairs4 ,! ma*9e-%ops & saw-mills are well direct$1 & are defici5t 9 none ( ! improvem5ts belong+ to mod]n e/abli%m5ts ( ! k9d4 ,! dock is l>ge & con/ruct$ ( granite4 ,a consid]able numb] ( l>ge vessels h be5 built at ?is %ipy>d dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 & all its appo9tm5ts h be5 con/antly improv+ "u ! direction ( sev]al successive m9i/]s ( ! navy4 ,su* an e/abli%m5t is1 9 fact1 a necessity = ,brazil2 possess+ z %e does elev5 hundr$ leagues ( coa/1 x is impossible = h] to dep5d ^u o!r c\ntries = h] m>itime supplies4 ,! ,m>9e ,ars5al s5ds out f its s*ool & %ipy>d _m able eng9e]s & clev] artisans1 :o c>ry into ord9>y bran*es ( indu/ry ! ability !y h acquir$ 9 ! public s]vice4 ,inde$1 ?is e/abli%m5t may be consid]$ z a sort ( s*ool ( indu/rial arts1 furni%+ ! c\ntry ) good workm5 9 v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( labor40 ,?is week ,mr4 ,agassiz has conclud$ ano!r c\rse ( six lectures giv5 at ! ,college ( ,dom ,p$ro ,,ii42 ! subject1 8,! ,=mation ( ! ,amazonian ,valley1 & its ,productions40 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! appe>ance ( ladies on su* occasions no long] excites comm5t4 ,!re 7 _m m s5horas among ! li/5]s ?an at ! previ\s lectures1 :5 _! pres5ce 0 a novelty4 ,a ,brazilian audi5ce is v sympa!tic2 9 ?is !y resemble a ,european assembly m ?an our own quiet1 undemon/rative cr[ds4 ,!re is always a little /ir1 a responsive ?rill1 :5 any?+ pleases !m1 & (t5 a spok5 ^w ( comm5dation or criticism4 ,june #aj?4--,!resopolis4 ,ye/]day1 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,glazi\1 ,director ( ! ,passeio ,publico1 & ,dr4 ,ngeli1 we />t$ on an excursion to ! ,organ ,m\nta9s1 leav+ ,rio 9 ! boat = ,pi$ade1 & /opp+ on our way at ! little isl& ( ,paquet4 ,?is is "o ( ! prettie/ isl&s ( ! h>bor1 ab\nd+ 9 palms1 popul\s ) pleasant c\ntry-h\ses1 & hav+ a v picturesque %ore1 brok5 into bays & inlets4 ,we rea*$ ! little clu/] ( h\ses call$ ,pi$ade ab\t five o'clock1 & took ! omnibus to ! foot ( ! s]ra4 ,! h\rs ( public conveyance on ?is road seem +5i\sly arrang$ to prev5t ! travell] f see+ its beauties4 ,! great] "p ( ! f\r h\rs' drive is made aft] nightfall2 & ! return (f]s no comp5sation1 ! second j\rney tak+ place be=e daybreak4 ,we pass$ ! night at ! foot ( ! s]ra1 & />t$ at sev5 o'clock ! next morn+ to walk up ! m\nta94 ,x is impossible to describe ! beauty ( ?is walk1 especially on su* a day z we 7 favor$ )1 v>y+ betwe5 sun%9e & %ade1 & ) a fre% breeze :i* sav$ u any discom=t f ! heat4 ,! road w9ds g5tly up ! s]ra1 turn+ sometimes ) s %>p an angle t bel[ we c\ld see all ! gr\nd we _h travell$ ov]4 ,on "o h& is ! m\nta9-side1 clo!d ) a vegetation ( surpass+ beauty1 bright ) crimson p>asites1 ) ! ri* purple fl[]s ( ! ,qu>esma & ! delicate blue blossoms ( ! ,utricul>ia1 z fragile & z graceful z ! h>ebell4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we look$ d[n sometimes into n>r[ gorges1 clo!d ) magnific5t =e/1 f :i* huge masses ( rock project$ "h & !re2 sometimes into wid] valleys op5+ out into ! pla9 bel[1 & giv+ a di/ant view ( ! h>bor & its ar*ipelago ( isl&s surr\nd$ by m\nta9s1 ! :ole sc5e glitt]+ 9 ! sun%9e1 or veil$ by %ad[s1 z ! fitful day %[$ x to u4 ,illu/ration3 ,g>rafa1 among ! ,organ ,m\nta9s4 ,! asc5t may be easily accompli%$ on foot 9 ?ree or f\r h\rs4 ,we _h no?+ to urge u =w>d1 h[ev]1 except a gr[+ desire = breakfa/1 appeas$ e n[ & !n by an orange1 ( :i* we _h a good supply 9 ! t9 case = plants1 & _m a sl[ tra9 ( lad5 mules pass$ u 9 _! upw>d m>*1 & left u f> beh9d z we loit]$ along1 ?\gh n lazily4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,mr4 ,agassiz & 8 fri5ds f\nd pl5ty ( occupation 9 botaniz+ & geologiz+4 ,!y /opp$ con/antly to ga!r p>asites1 to /udy f]ns & mosses1 to break b\ld]s1 to collect insects & ! little l&-%ells f\nd "h & !re along ! road4 ,we saw "o mo/ beautiful insect1 h>dly l>g] ?an a lady-bug1 b ( ! mo/ exquisite colors & gleam+ l a jewel on ! leaf :]e x _h alight$4 ,9 break+ ! /ones along ! roadside ,mr4 ,agassiz f\nd _m evid5ces ( erratics1 sev]al ( !m be+ ,diorite1 entirely di/9ct f ! rock 9 place4 ,! surfaces ( ! b\ld]s 7 univ]sally decompos$ & cov]$ ) a uni=m cru/1 s t x 0 necess>y to split !m 9 ord] to asc]ta9 _! true nature4 ,f di/ance to di/ance along ! road 7 imm5se fragm5ts ( rock1 sometimes tw5ty or ?irty feet 9 height4 ,^! huge masses 7 frequ5tly se5 hang+ on ! br9k ( /eep declivities1 z if1 hav+ brok5 (f f ! heights above1 & roll$ d[n1 !y _h be5 prev5t$ f advanc+ f>!r by "s ob/acle1 & _h become gradually emb$d$ 9 ! soil4 ,_m ( ^! b\ld]s 7 clo!d 9 s(t1 ?ick re9de] moss1 s l ! re9de] moss ( ! ,arctics t1 if specifically di/9ct1 ! diff]5ce c\ld n be detect$ except by ! mo/ c>eful exam9ation4 ,x sugge/s ! "q :e!r !re are any repres5tatives ( ! tropical flora among ! li*5s & p9es ( ! high nor?4 ,z we advanc$1 ! "* ( ! vegetation *ang$ consid]ably1 & we began to feel1 by ! increas+ fre%ness ( ! air1 t we 7 gett+ into high] regions4 ,! ne> view became m beautiful z we approa*$ ! he>t ( ! m\nta9s1 com+ "u ! %ad[ ( _! /range peaks1 :i* look$ %>p & att5uat$ f a di/ance1 b *ang$ into wond]ful masses ( b>e rock1 v gr& 9 _! effect1 z we drew clos] to !m4 ,we rea*$ ! hotel at ,!resopolis at ab\t two o'clock4 ,aft] our long walk1 ! answ] we receiv$ to our inquiry ab\t breakfa/ at ! little groc]y adjo9+ ! inn 0 r disc\rag+4 ,:at c\ld !y give u on %ort notice8 8,only f\r eggs & "s sausage40 ,h[ev]1 ! ma/] ( ! hotel made 8 appe>ance1 op5$ 8 h\se1 :]e1 to judge f its clos$ doors & w9d[s1 ! adv5t ( gue/s is r>e1 & com=t$ u ) ! in=mation t breakfa/ 8pode se arranj>40 ,inde$1 f ! di% ( eggs :i* made its appe>ance soon aft]w>ds1 we might h suppos$ t all ! h5s 9 ! village _h be5 call$ ^u to contribute1 & we enjoy$ a breakfa/ = :i* m\nta9 air & ex]cise _h suppli$ ! be/ sauce4 ,! village ( ,!resopolis is v prettily situat$1 ly+ 9 a dip betwe5 ! m\nta9s & comm&+ a magnific5t view ( ! peaks1 "o ( :i* /&s out l a tall1 n>r[ t[] aga9/ ! sky4 ,ne> x is ano!r %>p summit1 on ! extreme po9t ( :i* a l>ge b\ld] is plac$4 ,x looks z if a t\* w\ld dislodge x2 & yet = h[ _m a long ye> has x held its place !re ?r\gh /orm & sun%9e6 ,we look$ up at ?is huge fragm5t ( rock on its dizzy height1 & wond]$ :e!r x 0 erratic1 or simply an effect ( decomposition on ! spot1--a po9t impossible ( decision at t di/ance4 ,if ! latt]1 x seems /range t ! wea!r %\ld h worn & excavat$ su* a mass und]nea?1 )\t de/roy+ its upp] surface1 ?us deta*+ x f ! m\nta91 till x /&s1 z n[1 9 bold relief1 only support$ by a s+le po9t ( atta*m5t on ! extreme summit4 ,we sp5t ! re/ ( ! day 9 a walk to a v pretty cascade :i* comes ru%+ d[n ?r\gh ! wood a mile or two f ! village4 ,june #aa?4--,we left ! inn at half pa/ sev5 ?is morn+1 to pass ! day aga9 9 rambl+4 ,foll[+ ! ma9 road = a qu>t] ( a mile or s beyond ! village1 we pres5tly turn$ to ! left into a n>r[1 %ady pa?way4 ,x l$ u ?r\gh ! woods to ! edge ( a deep bas9 sunk betwe5 ! m\nta9s1 on ! slopes ( :i* 7 /rewn _m imm5se b\ld]s4 ,a curi\s feature ( ! ,organ ,m\nta9s :i* we h obs]v$ repeat$ly ev5 9 ?is %ort excursion is1 t betwe5 _! /rangely fanta/ic =ms ! c\ntry s9ks d[n into well-def9$ bas9s1 :i* usually h no outlet4 ,foll[+ ! br9k ( su* a bas9 = a c\ple ( miles1 & cross+ an int]v5+ ridge1 we came out ^u a k9d ( plateau ov]hang+ ano!r depression ( ! same "*1 & comm&+ a magnific5t view ( ! *a91 9 ! v c5tre ( :i* x seems to be1 = ! m\nta9s rise ti] ^u ti] ar\nd x on e side4 ,on ?is plateau /&s ! faz5da call$ ,/4 ,l\is1 belong+ to ,mr4 d',escragnolle4 ,! exquisite beauty ( ! site & ! hospitality ( its own] h made ?is faz5da a favorite resort = travell]s4 ,! gr\nds are laid out ) mu* ta/e1 & ,mr4 d',escragnolle's success 9 rais+ _m ( ! ,european fruits & vegetables1 z well z ^? ( 8 own c\ntry1 makes x ! m to be regrett$ t ?is beautiful region %\ld be s little cultivat$4 ,pe>s1 pea*es1 /rawb]ries1 ?rive admirably1 z also d gre5 peas1 asp>agus1 arti*okes1 & caulifl[]s4 ,! climate /rikes a happy m$ium betwe5 ! heat 9 ! neighborhood ( ,rio de ,janeiro1 :i* br+s ^! products to too rapid a developm5t1 dry+ !m up be=e !y h "t to mature1 & ! %>p cold ( high] m\nta9 regions4 ,b ?\gh at s %ort a di/ance f ! capital1 ! transport is s difficult & exp5sive t ,mr4 d',escragnolle1 in/ead ( s5d+ ! produce ( 8 f>m to ! city m>ket1 z he w\ld gladly d1 fe$s 8 pigs ) caulifl[]s4 ,we pass$ ! re/ ( ! day mo/ delightfully 9 ?is *>m+ c\ntry place4 ,mr4 ,agassiz & ,mr4 ,glazi\ asc5d$ "o ( ! ne> m\nta9 summits1 b did n ga9 s ext5sive a view z !y _h hop$1 on acc\nt ( an int]v5+ spur4 ,!y 7 able to di/+ui% ?ree p>allel ridges1 h[ev]1 sep>at$ by int]v5+ depressions4 ,t[>d ev5+1 :ile ! m\nta9s 7 /ill bright ) ! purple glory ( ! sunset1 ?\gh %ad[s 7 settl+ ov] ! valleys1 we />t$ on our return1 bidd+ good by ) great regret to our k9d ho/1 :o w>mly press$ u to /ay4 ,! pa? we _h foll[$ 9 ! morn+1 )\t giv+ a ?\ght to its irregul>ities1 seem$ q brok5 & difficult by night4 ,! slopes along :i* x ran 7 *ang$1 9 ! dim light1 to sudd5 precipices1 & we pick$ our /eps ) c>e betwe5 rocks & ov] fall5 logs & rivulets4 ,x 0 bright />light z we came out ( ! woods ^u ! high road4 ,! village lay bel[1 its lights tw9kl+ *e]ily1 & ! peaks & t[]s beh9d x drawn ) /range di/9ctness aga9/ ! night sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,organ ,m\nta9s4 ,june #ab?4--,b>reira4 ,?is morn+ at sev5 o'clock we 7 on our way d[n ! s]ra4 ,mr4 ,agassiz deplores ! necessity :i* obliges him to leave ?is region aft] s %ort an exam9ation ( its /rik+ features4 ,a naturali/ might pass mon?s "h1 & f9d e day ri* 9 results4 ,z we left ! hotel ! sun 0 j gild+ ! highe/ summits1 :ile :ite cl\ds rose s(tly f ! valleys1 &1 float+ upw>d1 broke into fleecy fragm5ts aga9/ ! m\nta9-sides4 ,hav+ ! day be=e u1 we desc5d$ z sl[ly z we _h m\nt$ ! s]ra1 /opp+ almo/ at e /ep to ga!r plants1 to exam9e rocks1 to wond] at ! /range position ( ! imm5se b\ld]s hang+ (t5 j on ! br[ ( "s /eep declivity4 ,i w&]$ on beyond ! o!rs & sat d[n to wait = !m on ! l[ /one wall1 =m+ a p>apet on ! edge ( ! road4 ,directly be=e me rose ! b>e1 rocky surface ( "o ( ! great peaks2 a vapory :ite cl\d hung midway ^u x2 %ad[s float$ ov] x4 ,on ! o!r side ,i look$ d[n ^u wood$ valleys & m\nta9s 9 /range confusion1 :ile f> bel[1 /ret*+ out to ! sea1 lay ! bill[y pla9 toss$ into endless s(t gre5 waves4 ,! /illness made ! sc5e m impressive1 ! sil5ce be+ only occasionally brok5 by ! click ( ho(s1 z a tra9 ( mules came cauti\sly d[n ! flagg$ road4 ,:ile ,i sat !re a liteira pass$ me slung betwe5 mules2 a mode ( travell+ fa/ disappe>+ ) ! improvem5ts ( ! roads1 b /ill 9 use = wom5 & *ildr5 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,we /opp$ to breakfa/ at a little v5da ab\t half-way d[n ! s]ra2 "h ! b\ld]s are mo/ rem>kable f _! great size & s+ul> position4 ,we rea*$ ! inn at ! bottom ( ! s]ra betwe5 two & ?ree o'clock1 & are n[ sitt+ 9 ! little piazza1 :ile a dr5*+ ra91 :i* =tunately did n beg9 till we 7 "u %elt]1 swells ! /ream ne> by1 & is fa/ *ang+ x to a rapid torr5t4 ,i w add "h su* obs]vations respect+ ! geological /ructure ( ?is m\nta9 range z ,mr4 ,agassiz has be5 able to make 9 our %ort excursion4 8,! *a9 is =m$ by ! %>p fold+ up ( /rata1 sometimes q v]tically1 9 o!r in/ances ) a slope m or less /eep1 b always r sudd54 ,to "o /&+ on ! hill to ! ea/ ( ,!resopolis1 ! :ole range pres5ts itself 9 a p]fect pr(ile2 ! axis1 on ei!r side ( :i* dip ! almo/ v]tical b$s ( metamorphic rocks compos+ ! *a91 occupies ab\t ! c5tre ( ! range4 ,to ! nor?1 ?\gh v /eeply incl9$1 ! b$s are n s v]tical z 9 ! s\!rn prolongation ( ! range4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is diff]5ce is ! =mation ( m massive & less disconnect$ summits on ! nor? side2 :ile on ! s\? side1 :]e ! /rata are ne>ly or q v]tical1 ! h>d] sets ( b$s alone h rema9$ /&+1 ! s(t] int]v5+ b$s hav+ be5 gradually dis9tegrat$4 ,by ?is process h be5 =m$ ^? /range peaks :i* appe> f a di/ance l a r[ ( organ-pipes1 & h sugge/$ ! "n by :i* ! *a9 is kn[n4 ,!y consi/ ( v]tical b$s isolat$ f ! g5]al mass 9 consequ5ce ( ! disappe>ance ( contigu\s /rata4 ,! aspect ( ^! m\nta9s f ,rio is mu* ! same z f ,!resopolis1 only t f ! two po9ts ( view--"o be+ to ! nor!a/1 ! o!r to ! s\?we/ ( ! range--_! summits pres5t !mselves 9 ! rev]se ord]4 ,:5 se5 9 complete pr(ile _! sl5d] appe>ance is mo/ /rik+4 ,view$ f ! side1 ! broad surfaces ( ! /rata1 ?\gh equally /eep1 exhibit a triangul> =m r ?an t ( v]tical columns4 ,x is /range t ! height ( ! ,organ ,m\nta9 peaks1 s conspicu\s a feature 9 ! l&scape ( ,rio de ,janeiro1 %\ld n h be5 accurately measur$4 ,! only precise indication ,i h be5 able to f9d is record$ by ,liais1 :o gives #g1jjj feet z ! maximum height obs]v$ by him4 8,^! abrupt peaks frequ5tly surr\nd clos$ bas9s1 v symmetrical 9 %ape1 b )\t any outlet4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is s+ul> =mation1 ! glacial ph5om5a :i* ab\nd 9 ! ,organ ,m\nta9s are ( a peculi> "*4 ,at fir/1 ,i 0 at a loss to expla9 h[ loose masses ( rock1 desc5d+ f ! heights above1 %\ld be caught on ! edges ( ^! bas9s1 in/ead ( roll+ to ! bottom4 ,b _! position becomes q natural :5 we rememb] t ! ice mu/ h rema9$ 9 ^! depressions long aft] x _h disappe>$1 or ne>ly disappe>$1 f ! slopes above4 ,h9d]$ f advanc+1 ^! huge masses ( rock h become gradually emb$d$ 9 ! soil1 & are n[ solidly fix$ 9 positions :i* w\ld be p]fectly inexplicable1 unless we suppose ! bas9 to h be5 =m]ly fill$ ) some?+ :i* (f]$ an ob/acle to _! f>!r desc5t4 ,mora9es also abut ^u ^! depressions1 com+ to an abrupt close ^u _! m>g94 ,mora9ic soil--t is1 masses ( drift ) all sorts ( loose mat]ials buri$ 9 x--ab\nds ev]y:]e 9 ?is region2 b1 on ! :ole1 ! glacial ph5om5a are difficult to /udy1 because ! heavy gr[? ( =e/ has cov]$ all inequalities ( ! soil1 &1 except :]e sections h be5 made or gr\nd has be5 cle>$1 ! outl9es are lo/40 ,?is 0 our f9al excursion 9 ,brazil4 ,! next morn+ we return$ to ! city2 & ! few rema9+ days 7 sp5t 9 prep>ations = dep>ture1 & 9 bidd+ f>ewell to ! fri5ds :o _h made ,rio de ,janeiro almo/ l a home to u4 ,among ! pleasant incid5ts ( ?is la/ week1 0 a breakfa/ giv5 by ,mr4 ,l$g]wood1 :o 0 !n conduct+ ! bus9ess ( ! ,am]ican legation 9 ! tempor>y abs5ce ( our ,m9i/]1 ,g5]al ,webb4 ,?is occasion1 at :i* ,mr4 ,agassiz 0 invit$ to meet sev]al memb]s ( ! ,brazilian adm9i/ration1 gave him an opportunity ( express+ 8 s5se ( _! uni=m k9dness & consid]ation 9 fur!r+ to ! utmo/ ! sci5tific objects :i* _h br\ght him to ,brazil4 ,on ! foll[+ day 7! #b;d ( ,july71 we sail$ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c>ry+ ) u to our nor!rn home a /ore ( pleasant memories & vivid pictures to enri* our life h]eaft] ) tropical w>m? & color4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,g5]al ,,impressions ,,( ,,brazil4 ,,religion ,,& ,,cl]gy4--,,education4--,,law1 ,,m$ical1 ,,& ,,sci5tific ,,s*ools4--,,high ,,& ,,common ,,s*ools4--,,public ,,libr>y ,,& ,,museum ,,9 ,,rio ,,de ,,janeiro4--,,hi/orical ,,& ,,geographical ,,in/itute4--,,social ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,relations4--,,public ,,function>ies4--,,agriculture4--,,zones ,,( ,,vegetation4--,,c(fee4--,,cotton4--,,ti mb] ,,& ,,o!r ,,products ,,( ,,! ,,amazons4--,,cattle4--,,t]ritorial ,,subdivision ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,valley4--,,emigration4--,,=eign]s4--,, p>aguayan ,,w>4 ,i _c close ?is book1 writt5 = ! mo/ "p by ano!r h&1 )\t a few words z to my g5]al impressions ( ,brazil4 ,no "o w expect f me an essay on ! social & political aspects ( ! :ole c\ntry1 ev5 _h ,i rema9$ !re long en\gh to acquire ! "r ( judgm5t on ^! matt]s4 ,i am s unaccu/om$ to deal+ ) !m t my op9ions w\ld be entitl$ to little weight4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r po9t ( view1 m g5]al1 b p]haps m compreh5sive also1 f :i* e intellig5t man may =m an e/imate ( ! "* ( a p :i*1 if s9c]e1 w be 9 ! ma9 s\nd & j1 )\t includ+ an intimate k ( _! in/itutions1 or ! practical work+ ( _! laws4 ,my sci5tific life has br\ght me into relations ) a _w :olly unkn[n to me be=e2 "u conditions m favorable ?an 7 possible = my pr$ecessors 9 ! same region1 ,i h /udi$ ?is tropical nature1 s ri*1 s gr&iose1 s in/ructive2 ,i h se5 a great ,empire f\nd$ 9 ! mid/ ( unlimit$ mat]ial res\rces1 & advanc+ to high] civilization "u ! inspiration ( a sov]eign z enlight5$ z he is humane4 ,i mu/ h be5 bl9d to ev]y?+ except my sci5ce1 _h ,i n a ^w to say ( ,brazil z a nation1--( h] pres5t condition & h] future prospects4 ,!re is mu* t is disc\rag+ 9 ! aspect ( ,brazil1 ev5 = ^? :o hope & believe z ,i d1 t %e has be=e h] an honorable & p[]ful c>e]4 ,!re is mu* also t is v *e]+1 t leads me to believe t h] life z a nation w n belie h] great gifts z a c\ntry4 ,%\ld h] moral & intellectual end[m5ts gr[ into h>mony ) h] wond]ful natural beauty & weal?1 ! _w w n h se5 a fair] l&4 ,at pres5t !re are sev]al ob/acles to ?is progress2 ob/acles :i* act l a moral disease ^u ! p4 ,slav]y /ill exi/s among !m4 ,x is true t x is on ! wane2 true t x has receiv$ a mortal bl[2 b ! natural dea? ( slav]y is a l+]+ illness1 wa/+ & de/roy+ ! body x has attack$4 ,next to ?is ,i w\ld "n1 among ! influ5ces unfavorable to progress1 ! "* ( ! cl]gy4 ,9 say+ ?is ,i disclaim any ref]5ce to ! national religion4 ,x is ( ! "* ( ! cl]gy ,i speak1 n ( ! *ur* !y repres5t4 ,:atev] be ! *ur* organization 9 a c\ntry :]e in/ruction is /ill s intimately l9k$ ) a /ate religion z x is 9 ,brazil1 x is ( inf9ite importance t ! cl]gy !mselves %\ld n only be m5 ( high moral "*1 b ( /udi\s1 ?\ghtful lives4 ,!y are ! tea*]s ( ! p1 & z long z !y believe t ! m9d c be f$ ) tawdry /reet processions1 ) light$ c&les1 & *eap b\quets2 & z long z ! p accept ?is k9d ( in/ruction1 !y w be debas$ & enfeebl$ by x4 ,%[s ( ?is k9d are ( almo/ daily occurr5ce 9 all ! l>ge cities ( ,brazil4 ,!y int]f]e ) ! ord9>y occupations1 & make work+ days ! exception r ?an ! rule4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ,brazil !re is no labori\s1 cultivat$ class ( prie/s1 su* z h be5 an honor to ecclesia/ical lit]ature 9 ! ,old ,_w2 !re are no f9e in/itutions ( le>n+ connect$ ) ! ,*ur*4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 ! ignorance ( ! cl]gy is univ]sal1 _! immorality pat5t1 _! influ5ce v ext5sive & deep-root$4 ,!re are honorable exceptions1 b !y are n num]\s en\gh to elevate ! class to :i* !y belong4 ,b if _! private life is op5 to blame1 ! ,brazilian prie/s are di/+ui%$ = _! patriotism4 ,at all times !y h occupi$ high public /ations1 s]v+ 9 ! ,legislative ,assembly1 9 ! ,s5ate1 & ev5 ne>] to ! ?rone2 yet _! p[] has nev] be5 ex]t$ 9 favor ( ,ultramontane t5d5cies4 ,indep5d5t religi\s ?\ght seems1 h[ev]1 r>e 9 ,brazil4 ,!re may p]haps be scepticism2 b ,i ?9k ?is is n likely to be ext5sively ! case1 = ! ,brazilians are in/9ctively a believ+ p1 t5d+ r to sup]/ition ?an to d\bt4 ,oppression 9 matt]s ( fai? is contr>y to ! _s ( _! in/itutions4 ,prote/ant cl]gym5 are all[$ to prea* freely2 b1 z a g5]al ?+1 ,prote/antism does n attract ! ,s\!rn nations1 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r its advocates w h a v wide-spread success4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 e fri5d to ,brazil mu/ wi% to see its pres5t prie/hood replac$ by a m vigor\s1 intellig5t1 & labori\s cl]gy4 ,9 ord] to =m a j e/imate ( ! pres5t condition ( education 9 ,brazil1 & its future prospects1 we mu/ n consid] x altoge!r f our own /&-po9t4 ,! tru? is t all /eady progress 9 ,brazil dates f h] decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 & t is a v rec5t fact 9 h] hi/ory4 ,s9ce %e has pass$ f colonial to national life h] relations ) o!r c\ntries h enl>g$1 antiquat$ prejudices h be5 effac$1 & ) a m int5se individual exi/5ce %e has assum$ also a m cosmopolitan bread? ( ideas4 ,b a political revolution is m rapidly accompli%$ ?an ! rem\ld+ ( ! nation :i* is its result1--its consequ5ce r ?an its accompanim5t4 ,ev5 n[1 aft] half a c5tury ( indep5d5t exi/5ce1 intellectual progress 9 ,brazil is manife/$ r z a t5d5cy1 a desire1 s to speak1 giv+ a progressive movem5t to society1 ?an z a positive fact4 ,! intellectual life ( a nation :5 fully develop$ has its mat]ial exi/5ce 9 l>ge & v>i\s in/itutions ( le>n+1 scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,except 9 a v limit$ & local s5se1 ?is is n yet ! case 9 ,brazil4 ,i did n visit ,san ,paolo1 & ,i _c !re=e speak f p]sonal obs]vation ( ! ,faculty :i* /&s highe/ 9 g5]al e/imation2 ,i c1 h[ev]1 te/ify to ! s\nd le>n+ & lib]al culture ( _m ( its graduates :om x has be5 my good =tune to "k1 & ^: *>act]s z g5tlem5 & z /ud5ts be> te/imony to ! sup]ior in/ruction !y h receiv$ at ! h&s ( _! ,alma ,mat]4 ,i 0 told t ! be/ s*ools1 aft] ^? ( ,san ,paolo1 7 ^? ( ,bahia & ,p]nambuco4 ,i did n visit !m1 z my "t 0 too %ort2 b ,i %\ld ?9k t ! pres5ce ( ! pr(essional faculties e/abli%$ 9 bo? ^! cities w\ld t5d to raise ! "* ( ! l[] grades ( education4 ,! regul> faculties embrace only m$ical & legal /udies4 ,! in/ruction 9 bo? is ?or\gh1 ?\gh p]haps limit$2 at lea/ ,i felt t1 9 ! =m]1 9 :i* my own /udies h prep>$ me to judge1 ^? accessory bran*es :i*1 aft] all1 lie at ! f\ndation ( a sup]ior m$ical education1 are ei!r want+ or are taught v imp]fectly4 ,nei!r zology1 comp>ative anatomy1 botany1 physics1 nor *emi/ry is all[$ suffici5t weight 9 ! m$ical s*ools4 ,! education is "o r ( books ?an ( facts4 ,inde$1 z long z ! prejudice aga9/ manual labor ( all k9ds exi/s 9 ,brazil1 practical in/ruction w be defici5t2 z long z /ud5ts ( nature ?9k x unbecom+ a g5tleman to h&le 8 own specim5s1 to c>ry 8 own geological hamm]1 to make 8 own sci5tific prep>ations1 he w rema9 a m]e dilettante 9 inve/igation4 ,he may be v famili> ) record$ facts1 b he w make no orig9al rese>*es4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 & on acc\nt ( _! p]sonal indol5ce1 field /udies are =eign to ,brazilian habits4 ,surr\nd$ z !y are by a nature ri* beyond comp>ison1 _! naturali/s are !oretical r ?an practical4 ,!y "k m ( ! bibliography ( =eign sci5ce ?an ( ! wond]ful fauna & flora ) :i* !y are surr\nd$4 ,( ! s*ools & colleges 9 ,rio de ,janeiro ,i h m "r to judge ?an ( ^? above m5tion$4 ,sev]al ( !m are excell5t4 ,! ,ecole ,c5trale des]ves a special notice4 ,x corresponds to :at we call a sci5tific s*ool1 & n[h]e 9 ,brazil h ,i se5 an educational in/itution :]e improv$ me?ods ( tea*+ 7 s highly appreciat$ & s g5]ally adopt$4 ,! c\rses ( ma!matics1 *emi/ry1 physics1 & ! natural sci5ces are compreh5sive & ?or\gh4 ,& yet ev5 9 ?is in/itution ,i 0 /ruck ) ! scant9ess ( means = practical illu/ration & exp]im5t2 its pr(essors d n yet seem to und]/& t x is impossible to tea* any ( ! physical sci5ces :olly or ma9ly f text-books4 ,! facilities grant$ to pupils 9 ?is s*ool1 & p]haps /ill m 9 ! milit>y s*ool1 are v great4 ,! in/ruction is entirely gratuit\s1 & 9 ! milit>y s*ool ! /ud5ts are n only f$ & clo!d1 etc42 !y are ev5 paid = _! att5dance1 be+ consid]$ z belong+ to ! army f ! "t !y ent] ! s*ool4 ,! ,dom ,p$ro ,segundo ,college is ! be/ s*ool ( t class ,i h se5 9 ,brazil4 ,x may be comp>$ to our ,new ,engl& high s*ools1 & fully des]ves ! reputation x enjoys4 ,( ! common s*ools ,i saw little4 ,( c\rse1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! population is sp>sely scatt]$ ov] v ext5sive di/ricts1 x mu/ be difficult to ga!r ! *ildr5 9 s*ools1 outside ( ! l>ge cities4 ,:]e su* s*ools h be5 organiz$ ! in/ruction is gratuit\s2 b compet5t tea*]s are few1 ! education v limit$1 & ! means ( in/ruction scanty4 ,read+1 writ+1 & ciph]+1 ) ! lea/ possible smatt]+ ( geography1 =m ! gr\ndwork ( all ^! s*ools4 ,! tea*]s labor "u great difficulties1 because !y h n ! /rong support ( ! community4 ,!re is little g5]al appreciation ( ! importance ( education z ! basis )\t :i* all high] civilization is impossible4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 notic$ ?r\gh\t ,brazil a disposition to give a practical education1 a tra9+ 9 "s trade1 to ! poor *ildr54 ,e/abli%m5ts ( ?is k9d exi/ 9 almo/ all ! l>g] cities4 ,?is is a good sign2 x %[s t !y atta* a prop] value to labor1 at lea/ = ! l[] classes1 & aim at rais+ a work+ population4 ,9 ^! s*ools blacks & :ites are1 s to speak1 indu/rially unit$4 ,inde$1 !re is no antipa?y ( race to be ov]come 9 ,brazil1 ei!r among ! labor+ p or 9 ! high] walks ( life4 ,i 0 pleas$ to see pupils1 )\t di/9ction ( race or color1 m+l+ 9 ! ex]cises4 ,x is surpris+ t1 9 a c\ntry s ri* 9 m9]al weal?1 !re %\ld exi/ no special ,m9+ ,s*ool1 & t ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! work+ ( ! m9es %\ld be "u ! imm$iate sup]vision ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,public ,works1 )\t ! assi/ance ( a special (fice = ! sup]9t5d5ce ( m9+ op]ations4 ,no?+ w\ld m spe$ily increase ! value ( ! m9]al l&s ( ! :ole c\ntry ?an a regul> geological survey1 :i* has n yet be5 begun4#ajg ,! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,rio de ,janeiro %\ld n be omitt$ f an enum]ation ( its educational e/abli%m5ts4 ,x is v fairly suppli$ ) books 9 all dep>tm5ts ( le>n+1 & is conduct$ 9 a v lib]al _s1 suff]+ no limitation f religi\s or political prejudice4 ,9 fact1 tol]ance & b5evol5ce are common *>act]i/ics ( ! in/itutions ( le>n+ 9 ,brazil4 ,! ,imp]ial ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ! ,capital is antiquat$2 to any "o acqua9t$ ) ,museums :i* are liv+ & progressive1 x is evid5t t ! collections x conta9s h be5 all[$ to rema9 = ye>s 9 _! pres5t condition1 )\t additions or improvem5ts4 ,! m\nt$ animals1 mammalia & birds1 are fad$2 & ! fi%es1 ) ! exception ( a few beautifully /uff$ specim5s f ! ,amazons1 give no idea ( ! v>iety to be f\nd 9 ! ,brazilian wat]s4 ,a bett] collection might be made any morn+ 9 ! fi%-m>ket4 ,! ,museum conta9s "s v f9e fossil rema9s f ! valley ( ! ,san ,francisco & f ,ce>1 b no attempt has z yet be5 made to arrange !m4 ,! only le>n$ society des]v+ a special m5tion is ! ,hi/orical & ,geographical ,in/itute4 ,its ,transactions are regul>ly publi%$1 & =m already a s]ies ( _m volumes1 full ( valuable docum5ts1 *iefly relative to ! hi/ory ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! meet+s are held 9 ! ,imp]ial ,palace ( ,rio1 & are habitually presid$ ov] by 8 ,maje/y ! ,emp]or4 ,i _c close :at ,i h to say ( in/ruction 9 ,brazil )\t add+ t1 9 a c\ntry :]e only half ! nation is educat$1 !re c be no complete intellectual progress4 ,:]e ! diff]5ce ( education makes an intellig5t sympa?y betwe5 m5 & wom5 almo/ impossible1 s t _! relation is necess>ily limit$ to t ( ! dome/ic affections1 nev] rais$ except 9 "s v exceptional cases to t ( cultivat$ companion%ip1 ! developm5t ( ! p z a :ole mu/ rema9 imp]fect & p>tial4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t1 especially 9 ?is direction1 a rapid re=m may be expect$4 ,i h he>d s _m intellig5t ,brazilians lam5t ! want ( suitable in/ruction = wom5 9 _! s*ools1 t ,i ?9k ! /&>d ( education = girls w /eadily be rais$4 ,rememb]+ ! antec$5ts ( ! ,brazilians1 _! inh]it$ notions z to :at is becom+ 9 ! privacy & re/ra9t ( a woman's life1 we are n ju/ifi$1 h[ev] false ^! ideas may seem to u1 9 consid]+ ! pres5t g5]ation z responsible = !m2 !y are also too deeply root$ to be *ang$ 9 a day4 ,on sev]al occasions ,i h allud$ 9 t]ms ( praise to ! work+ ( ! in/itutions ( ,brazil4 ,no?+ c be m lib]al ?an ! ,con/itution ( ! l&2 e gu>anty is !re9 secur$ to ! free/ ass]tion ( all ! natural rights ( man4 ,& yet !re are "s features 9 ! habits ( ! p1 probably ! results ( an antiquat$ social condition1 :i* imp$e ! progress ( ! nation4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t ! :ite population ( ,brazil is *iefly desc5d$ f ! ,portuguese1 & t ( all ,europe ,portugal is ! c\ntry :i* at ! "t ( ! discov]y & settlem5t ( ,brazil1 _h lea/ be5 affect$ by ! gr[? ( our mod]n civilization4 ,inde$1 ! great migrations :i* convuls$ ,europe 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & ! ,re=mation1 ^u :i* ! new social ord] *iefly re/s1 h sc>cely affect$ ,portugal2 s t ,roman ways1 ,roman ar*itecture1 & a deg5]ate ,lat9 7 /ill fl\ri%+ :5 h] ,transatlantic colonies 7 f\nd$2 &1 z 9 all colonies1 ! conditions ( ! "m c\ntry 7 b sl[ly modifi$4 ,no wond]1 !re=e1 t ! old] /ructures ( ,rio de ,janeiro %\ld recall1 9 ! mo/ surpris+ mann]1 ! ar*itecture ( anci5t ,rome1 z disclos$ by ! excavations ( ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 & t ! social condition ( ,brazil %\ld rem9d u ( ! habits ( a p among :om wom5 play$ s subord9ate a "p4 ,x seems to me t ev5 n[ ! adm9i/ration ( ! prov9ces1 z 9 ! ,roman civilization1 is calculat$ to en=ce ! law1 r ?an to develop ! mat]ial res\rces ( ! c\ntry4 ,i h be5 surpris$ to f9d "y lawy]s almo/ inv>iably at ! head ( ! adm9i/ration ( ! prov9ces1 :]e practical m51 conv]sant ) ! int]e/s ( agriculture1 comm]ce1 & ! me*anical arts1 w\ld1 9 my op9ion1 h be5 bett] adapt$ to ! press+ duty ( /imulat+ all pursuits connect$ ) ! active life ( a "y & aspir+ nation4 ,! exagg]at$ appreciation ( political employm5t prevail+ ev]y:]e is a mis=tune4 ,x ?r[s into ! %ade all o!r occupations1 & loads ! gov]nm5t ) a cr[d ( paid (ficials :o uselessly encumb] ! public s]vice & are a dra9 ^u ! public funds4 ,e man :o has receiv$ an education seeks a political c>e]1 z at once ! mo/ ari/ocratic & ! easie/ way ( ga9+ a livelihood4 ,x is b rec5tly t g5tlem5 h begun to engage 9 m]cantile pursuits4 ,x seems to me1 t1 ?\gh ! "* & habits ( ! ,brazilians are n ^? ( an agricultural p1 ,brazil is an ess5tially agricultural c\ntry1 & "s occurr5ces 9 h] rec5t hi/ory confirm ?is view4 ,brazil _h =m]ly a great v>iety ( agricultural products1 b n[ ! numb] ( plants "u culture is r limit$4 ,agricultural op]ations are at pres5t c5tr$ ^u c(fee1 cotton1 sug>1 tobacco1 m&ioca1 "s c]eals1 beans1 & cocoa4 ,ow+ to h] climate & h] geographical position1 ! vegetable zones ( ,brazil are n s m>k$ z ^? ( o!r c\ntries4 ,x w\ld n be difficult to divide ! :ole ,empire1 ) ref]5ce to its productions1 into ?ree great regions4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 /ret*+ f ! bord]s ( ,guiana to ,bahia1 along ! great riv]s1 is m especially *>act]iz$ by ! wild products ( ! =e/3 ,indian-rubb]1 cocoa1 vanilla1 s>sap>illa1 & an inf9ite v>iety ( gums1 res9s1 b>ks1 & textile fibres /ill unkn[n to comm]ce 9 ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to ^! ,brazil might add spices1 ! monopoly ( :i* belongs n[ to ! ,sunda ,isl&s4 ,! second region1 ext5d+ f ,bahia to ,santa ,cat>9a1 is t ( c(fee4 ,! ?ird1 f ,santa ,cat>9a to ,rio ,gr&e1 & 9 ! int]ior ( ! high plateaux1 is t ( ! gra9s2 &1 9 connection ) _! culture1 ! rais+ ( cattle4 ,rice1 :i* is easily gr[n ?r\gh\t ,brazil1 & cotton1 :i* yields magnific5t crops 9 all ! prov9ces1 b9d toge!r ^! ?ree zones1 sug> & tobacco foll[+ 9 _! tra94 ,an important /ep ) ref]5ce to agriculture1 :i* has sc>cely be5 ?\ght ( z yet1 is ! cultivation ( ! heights ( ! ,organ ,m\nta9s1 z well z ^? ( ! ,s]ra d ,m> & ! ,s]ra d ,mantiqueira4 ,on ^! high l&s might be rais$ all ! products *>act]i/ic ( ! w>m] portions ( ! temp]ate zones1 & ,rio de ,janeiro w\ld receive daily f ! m\nta9s 9 h] imm$iate neighborhood all ^? vegetables & g>d5 fruits :i* %e n[ procures 9 small quantities & at high prices f ! prov9ces bord]+ on ! ,la ,plata4 ,! slopes ( ^! ,s]ras might also be cov]$ ) plantations ( casc>illa1 &1 z ! production ( qu99e mu/ soon] or lat] be greatly dim9i%$ by ! deva/ation ( ! ,c9*ora-trees on ! upp] ,amazonian tribut>ies1 x is ! m important t _! culture %\ld be introduc$ ^u ! l>ge/ scale on ! heights above ,rio4 ,! attempts ( ,mr4 ,glazi\ 9 t direction des]ve e enc\ragem5t4 ,! sug>-cane has long be5 ! *ief object ( cultivation 9 ,brazil1 & ! production ( sug> is /ill consid]able2 b )9 sev]al ye>s ! plant+ ( sug>-cane has giv5 way 9 _m di/ricts to t ( c(fee4 ,i h tak5 pa9s to asc]ta9 ! facts respect+ ! culture ( c(fee dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s2 ! imm5se developm5t ( ?is bran* ( indu/ry & ! rapidity ( ! movem5t1 especially 9 a c\ntry :]e labor is s sc>ce1 is among ! mo/ /rik+ economical ph5om5a ( our c5tury4 ,?anks to _! p]sev]ance & to ! favorable conditions pres5t$ by ! con/itution ( _! soil1 ! ,brazilians h obta9$ a sort ( monopoly ( c(fee4 ,m ?an half ! c(fee consum$ 9 ! _w is ( ,brazilian gr[?4 ,& yet ! c(fee ( ,brazil has little reputation1 & is ev5 greatly und]rat$4 ,:y is ?is8 ,simply because a great deal ( ! be/ produce ( ,brazilian plantations is sold "u ! "n ( ,java or ,mo*a1 or z ! c(fee ( ,m>t9ique or ,b\rbon4 ,m>t9ique produces only six hundr$ sacks ( c(fee annually2 ,guadal\pe1 ^: c(fee is sold "u ! "n ( ! neighbor+ isl&1 yields six ?\s& sacks1 n en\gh to provide ! m>ket ( ,rio de ,janeiro = tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ! isl& ( ,b\rbon h>dly m4 ,a great "p ( ! c(fee :i* is b\ght "u ^! names1 or "u t ( ,java c(fee1 is ,brazilian1 :ile ! s-call$ ,mo*a c(fee is (t5 no?+ b ! small r\nd beans ( ! ,brazilian plant f\nd at ! summits ( ! bran*es & v c>efully select$4 ,if ! faz5deiros1 l ! ,java plant]s1 sold _! crops "u a special m>k1 ! great pur*as]s w\ld le>n ) :at m]*&ise !y h to deal1 & ! agriculture ( ,brazil w\ld be greatly b5efit$4 ,b !re int]v5es betwe5 ! faz5deiro & ! export] a class ( m]*ants--half bank]s1 half brok]s--kn[n z commiss>ios1 :o1 by mix+ diff]5t h>ve/s1 l[] ! /&>d ( ! crop1 ?us reliev+ ! produc] ( all responsibility & depriv+ ! product ( its true *>act]i/ics4 ,if ! prov9ces adjac5t to ,rio de ,janeiro (f] naturally ! mo/ favorable soil = ! culture ( c(fee1 x mu/ n be =gott5 t c(fee is plant$ ) advantage 9 ! %ade ( ! ,amazonian =e/1 & ev5 yields two annual crops :]ev] pa9s are tak5 to plant x4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,ce>1 :]e ! c(fee is ( a sup]ior quality1 x is n plant$ on ! pla9s1 or 9 ! l[ gr\nds1 or 9 ! %ad[ ( ! =e/1 z 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons1 b on ! slopes ( ! hills & on ! m\nta9 heights1 to an elevation ( f fifte5 hundr$ to two ?\s& feet & m above ! level ( ! sea1 9 ! ,s]ras ( ,aratanha & ,baturit & 9 ! ,s]ra ,gr&e4 ,! *annels op5$ to ^! products %\ld augm5t _! importance1 & %\ld give rise to num]\s e/abli%m5ts 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons4 ,! increas$ exportation ( cotton f ,brazil dur+ ! la/ few ye>s is a /ill m m>k$ feature 9 its indu/rial hi/ory ?an ! l>ge c(fee crops4 ,:51 t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 cotton began to assume 9 ,engl& an importance :i* has ev] s9ce be5 increas+1 ,brazil naturally became "o ( ! great provid]s ( ! ,engli% m>ket4 ,b x soon lo/ ?is advantage1 because our ,s\!rn ,/ates acquir$1 ) an extraord9>y rapidity1 an almo/ complete monopoly ( ?is product4 ,favor$ by exceptional circum/ances1 ,nor? ,am]ica succe$$1 ab\t ! ye> #ahdf1 9 furni%+ cotton at su* l[ rates t all competition became impossible1 & ! culture ( cotton 0 almo/ ab&on$ 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,brazil1 h[ev]1 p]si/$4 ,h] annual production %[$ a sl[ b /eady progress2 ev5 ! cessation ( ! slave-trade did n int]rupt ?is advance4 ,inde$1 x is a /rik+ fact1 :i* may well be m5tion$ 9 ?is connection1 t ! /ati/ics ( ,brazilian agriculture h be5 /eadily ris+ ev] s9ce ! abolition ( ! slave-trade4 ,:5 ! ,rebellion broke out 9 our ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ,brazil ?us f\nd h]self prep>$ to give a consid]able impulse to ! cultivation ( a product z mu* s\ght = z bread 9 "t ( fam9e4 ,spite ( ! want ( population1 :i* is an ob/acle to all indu/rial ent]prises 9 ,brazil1 %e f\nd labor1 &1 :at 0 /ill m important1 free labor1 = ?is object4 ,x seem$ z if x 7 a po9t ( national honor to %[ :at c\ld be done4 ,prov9ces l ,san ,paolo1 :]e a foot ( gr\nd _h nev] be=e be5 plant$ ) cotton2 o!rs1 z = in/ance ,alagoas1 ,p>ahyba d ,norte1 ,ce>1 :]e ! cultivation ( cotton _h be5 ab&on$1 produc$ extraord9>y quantities1--s l>ge1 inde$1 t two l9es ( /eam]s 7 e/abli%$1 & h prosp]$1 betwe5 ,liv]pool & ! above-m5tion$ ports1 *iefly = ! transport ( ?is crop4 ,x w be rememb]$ t dur+ ! :ole ( ?is "t ,brazil 0 9 want ( labor]s1 t %e receiv$ no =eign capital = ?is und]tak+1 t %e import$ nei!r ,coolies nor ,*9ese1 t almo/ imm$iately aft] ! movem5t began h] w> ) ,p>aguay broke out1 & yet h] production ( cotton has quadrupl$ & qu9tupl$4 ,?is fact assum$ su* importance 9 ! e/imate ( indu/rial int]e/s at ! late ,p>is ,exposition1 t an exceptional prize 0 aw>d$ to ,brazil1 on ! gr\nd t1 9 supply+ ! ,european m>ket s l>gely ) ?is indisp5sable /aple1 %e _h r5d]$ x indep5d5t ( ! =m] monopoly ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is true t ! same prize 0 also grant$ to ,alg]ia & to ,egypt4 ,b ! ,brazilian plant] _h n1 l ! coloni/s ( ,africa1 ! /imulus ( a l>ge subsidy f gov]nm5t2 he c\ld n1 l ! ,vic]oy ( ,egypt1 seize #hj1jjj m5 9 a s+le di/rict & transport !m to 8 plantations2 nei!r did he1 l ! ,egyptian fellah1 ab&on all o!r bran*es ( agriculture 9 ord] to devote himself exclusively to t ( cotton4 ,9 fact1 ! g5]al int]e/s ( agriculture prosp]$ 9 ,brazil1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is new ent]prise4 ,i h insi/$ on ^! facts1 :i* ,i ?9k are little kn[n1 because !y seem to me to %[ a great] en]gy & vitality ?an is usually suppos$ to exi/ 9 ! productive =ces ( ,brazil4 ,to /imulate ?is movem5t1 ! gov]nm5t has rec5tly tak5 ! initiatory /eps 9 ! organization ( an ,agricultural ,s*ool 9 ! vic9ity ( ,bahia1 9 :i* all ! mod]n improvem5ts sugge/$ by ! progress ( sci5ce & inv5tion1 are to be te/$ 9 _! application to ! natural products ( ! tropics4 ,! importance ( ! bas9 ( ! ,amazons to ,brazil1 f an indu/rial po9t ( view1 c h>dly be ov]e/imat$4 ,its woods alone h an almo/ priceless value4 ,n[h]e 9 ! _w is !re f9] timb]1 ei!r = solid con/ruction or = works ( ornam5t2 & yet x is sc>cely us$ ev5 = ! local build+s1 & makes no "p :atev] ( ! exports4 ,x is /range t ! developm5t ( ?is bran* ( indu/ry %\ld n ev5 h begun 9 ,brazil1 = ! riv]s :i* fl[ pa/ ^! magnific5t =e/s seem meant to s]ve1 fir/ z a wat]-p[] = ! saw-mills :i* ought to be e/abli%$ along _! bord]s1 & !n z a means ( transportation = ! mat]ial s provid$4 ,sett+ aside ! woods z timb]1 :at %all ,i say ( ! mass ( fruits1 res9s1 oils1 color+ matt]s1 textile fibres1 :i* !y yield8 ,:5 ,i /opp$ at ,p>1 on my way home to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 an exhibition ( ,amazonian products1 br\ght toge!r 9 prep>ation = ! ,_w's ,fair at ,p>is1 0 /ill op54 ,mu* z ,i _h admir$1 dur+ my j\rney1 ! ri*ness & v>iety ( ! mat]ials native to ! soil1 ,i 0 amaz$ :5 ,i saw !m ?us side by side4 ,!re ,i notic$1 among o!rs1 a collection ( no less ?an "o hundr$ & sev5te5 diff]5t k9ds ( highly valuable woods1 cut f a piece ( l& less ?an half a mile squ>e4 ,( ^! _m 7 d>k-color$1 ve9$ woods susceptible ( a high poli%1--z beautiful z rosewood or ebony4 ,!re 0 a great v>iety ( vegetable oils1 all rem>kable = _! cle>ness & purity4 ,!re 7 a numb] ( fabrics made f ! fibres ( ! palm1 & an endless v>iety ( fruits4 ,an empire might e/eem itself ri* 9 any "o ( ! s\rces ( indu/ry :i* ab\nd 9 ?is valley1 & yet ! great] "p ( its va/ gr[? rots on ! gr\nd1 & goes to =m a little m riv]-mud or to /a9 ! wat]s on ! %ores ( :i* its manifold products die & decompose4 ,b :at surpris$ me mo/ 0 to f9d t a great "p ( ?is region 0 favorable to ! rais+ ( cattle4 ,f9e %eep are f$ on ! grassy pla9s & on ! hills :i* /ret* betwe5 ,obydos & ,almeyrim1 & ,i h r>ely eat5 bett] mutton ?an at ,er]1 9 ! mid/ ( ^! s]ras4 ,& yet ! inhabitants ( ?is f]tile region suff] f hung]4 ,! insuffici5cy ( food is evid5t2 b x arises solely f ! inability ( ! p to avail !mselves ( ! natural productions ( ! soil4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is1 ,i may m5tion t1 ?\gh liv+ on ! banks ( riv]s :i* ab\nd 9 delici\s fi%1 !y make l>ge use ( salt cod1 import$ f o!r c\ntries6 ,:ile travell+ ^u ! ,amazons1 ,i h (t5 ask$ myself :at w\ld be ! be/ plan = develop+ ! natural res\rces ( t incomp>able region4 ,no d\bt ! op5+ ( ! great riv] to ! comm]ce ( all nations 0 a fir/ /ep 9 ! "r direction2 & ?is measure 9 itself %[s :at extraord9>y progress ,brazil is mak+1 = x is h>dly m ?an half a c5tury1 s9ce1 ow+ to ! n>r[ policy & jeal\s disposition ( ! ,portuguese gov]nm5t1 ! greate/ travell] ( mod]n times 0 =bidd5 to ent] ! valley ( ! ,amazons2 :ile to-day a sci5tific err& ( a simil> "* is welcom$ & fo/]$ 9 e possible way by ! gov]nm5t ( a nation n[ indep5d5t ( ,europe4 ,b a free competition is a necess>y complem5t to ! fre$om already grant$1 & competition is sc>cely possible :]e monopolies are kept up4 ,i hold1 !re=e1 t all ! exceptional facilities grant$ by ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t to private companies are detrim5tal to its be/ int]e/s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r direct ob/acle to progress :i* ought at once to be remov$1 s9ce ! *ange c\ld 9 no way injure ! g5]al welf>e4 ,! pres5t limitation ( ! prov9ces ( ,p> & ( ! ,amazons is entirely unnatural4 ,! :ole valley is cut 9 two transv]sely1 s t its l[] half is ( necessity a b> to ! indep5d5t gr[? ( ! upp] half4 ,p>1 be+ made ! c5tre ( ev]y?+1 dra9s ! :ole c\ntry )\t vitaliz+ ! int]ior4 ,! great riv] :i* %\ld be an int]national highway has become an inl& /ream4 ,b suppose = a mom5t t ! ,amazons1 l our ,mississippi1 7 made ! b\nd>y betwe5 a succession ( indep5d5t prov9ces on ei!r side ( x2 suppose t on ! s\!rn banks ( ! ,amazons ! prov9ce ( ,teff %\ld ext5d f ! bord]s ( ,p]u to ! banks ( ! ,madeira1 ! prov9ce ( ,sant>em f ! ,madeira to ! ,x+u1 & t ( ,p> be r$uc$ to ! c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,x+u1 includ+ ! ,isl& ( ,m>ajo2 ea* ( ^! sep>ate prov9ces w\ld !n be at once b\nd$ & trav]s$ by great /reams1 secur+ ! d\ble activity ( competition & ! /imulus ( int]nal conv5i5ces4 ,9 l mann] %\ld ! l&s on ! nor!rn banks ( ! ,amazons =m sev]al indep5d5t prov9ces2 t ( ,monte ,algre1 = in/ance1 ext5d+ f ! ,rio ,trombetas to ! sea2 t ( ,manaos1 f ! ,rio ,trombetas to ! ,rio ,negro2 & p]haps t ( ! ,hyapura1 enclos+ ! pres5t wild]ness betwe5 ! ,rio ,negro & ! ,solimo5s4 ,x w1 no d\bt1 be object$ t su* a *ange w\ld involve an adm9i/rative /aff q disproportionate to ! pres5t population2 b ! gov]nm5t ( su* prov9ces1 ev5 ) ! few inhabitants !y might numb]1 if organiz$ ^u ! plan ( ! t]ritorial gov]nm5ts ( our infant ,/ates1 w\ld only /imulate local en]gies1 & develop local res\rces1 )\t int]f]+ 9 ! lea/ ) ! c5tral gov]nm5t4 ,moreov]1 any "o famili> ) ! work+ ( ! pres5t sy/em 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons mu/ be aw>e t all ! cities />t$ dur+ ! pa/ c5tury along ! great riv] & its tribut>ies1 f> f progress+1 are go+ to ru9 & decay2 & ?is is unque/ionably ow+ to ! c5tralization at ,p> ( all ! real activity ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,)\t a mu* d5s] population1 ! be/ ef=ts ( ,brazil to increase its prosp]ity mu/ be sl[ & ineffective4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t1 imm$iately aft] ! decl>ation ( indep5d5ce1 ,dom ,p$ro ,i4 attempt$ to attract ,g]man emigrants to 8 new empire4 ,f t p]iod dates ! ,colony ( ,san ,leopoldo1 ne> ,porto ,algre1 on ! ,rio ,gr&e d ,sul4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! ye> #ahej1 :5 ! slave-trade 0 actually aboli%$1 & x 0 no long] possible to import labor f ,africa1 t ^! colonization s*emes assum$ a m def9ite & settl$ "*4 ,9 ?is attempt ! plant]s & ! gov]nm5t 7 agre$1 b ) a diff]5t object4 ,! plan ( ! gov]nm5t1 und]tak5 9 p]fect good fai?1 0 to create a labor+ population1 & a class ( small l&$ proprietors4 ,! plant]s1 on ! contr>y1 accu/om$ to compulsory labor1 ?\ght only ( recruit+ _! slave ranks by sub/itut+ ,europeans = ,africans4 ,?is l$ to t]rible abuses2 "u pret5ce ( advanc+ _! passage-money1 poor emigrants1 & especially ! ignorant ,portuguese f ! ,azores1 7 virtually sold "u a contract :i* !y subsequ5tly f\nd x v difficult to break4 ,^! abuses h ?r[n discr$it ^u ! attempts ( ! ,brazilian gov]nm5t to colonize ! int]ior1 b ! iniquities practis$ "u ! "n ( emigration are n[ correct$4 ,9 fact1 ! colonies e/abli%$ directly by ! gov]nm5t1 on public l&s1 h nev] suff]$ wrong2 on ! contr>y1 ! ,g]man settlem5ts 9 ,/a ,ca!r9a1 on ! ,rio ,gr&e d ,sul & on ! ,san ,francisco d ,sul are v prosp]\s4 ,! be/ evid5ce ( ! improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! coloni/s1 & ( ! m lib]al _s ( ! nation t[>ds !m1 is ! spontane\s =mation 9 ,rio de ,janeiro ( an int]national society ( emigration indep5d5t ( all gov]nm5t influ5ce1 consi/+ ( ,brazilians1 ,portuguese1 ,g]mans1 ,swiss1 ,am]icans1 ,fr5*1 c4 ,! objects ( ?is society1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,tav>es ,ba/os is "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial memb]s1 are1 fir/1 to re=m ! con/itution 9 all :i* may place ! =eign] at a disadvantage2 second1 to r$ress ! wrongs ( ! emigrants2 ?ird1 to provide !m ) su* assi/ance & in=mation z !y may ne$ on arriv+4 ,?is society has be5 9 exi/5ce only two ye>s1 b has already r5d]$ valuable s]vices4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! gov]nm5t w p]sev]e 9 ! lib]al c\rse x has ent]$ ^u1 &1 above all1 put an end to ! unnecess>y legal =malities by :i* ! emigrant is prev5t$ f tak+ imm$iate possession ( 8 new home4 ,?is is especially important 9 ! region ( ! ,amazons1 :]e ! new-com] f9ds none ( ^? facilities :i* welcome ! emigrant 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i _c too (t5 repeat1 also1 t all monopoly ( transport 9 ! ,amazons %\ld spe$ily be aboli%$4 ,z soon z ! wild products ( its %ores are subject$ to a regul> culture1 ev5 ( a v imp]fect k9d1 & are no long] ga!r$ at r&om1--z soon z organiz$ labor1 direct$ by an intellig5t activity1 takes ! place ( ! ?\ghtless & unc]ta9 ef=ts ( ! ,indians1 ! v>iety & excell5ce ( its /aples w be increas$ beyond all expectation4 ,z x is1 a little =esight w\ld prev5t an imm5se deal ( suff]+ 9 ?is f]tile region1 :]e food ab\nds & p die ( hung]4 ,accu/om$ to live ^u fi%1 ! natives make little use ei!r ( milk or meat1 & ! f9e pa/urage :i* might ma9ta9 h]ds ( cattle is all[$ to run to wa/e4 ,c>eless ( ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r :5 ga!r+ ! h>ve/ ( ! =e/1 !y sc>cely build a %elt] aga9/ ! heavy ra9s1 all[ _! wet clo!s to dry ^u _! sk91 & expose !mselves to con/ant alt]nations ( heat & cold4 ,add to ?is1 t !y d n hesitate to dr9k /agnant wat]1 if x be ne>] at h& ?an spr+ wat]1 & we h causes en\gh = ! preval5ce ( int]mitt5t fev] & mal>i\s diseases1 )\t attribut+ !m to a climate :i* is 9 ! ma9 salubri\s1 & f> m mod]ate 9 temp]ature ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,! false notions g5]ally curr5t1 ev5 9 ,brazil1 9 reg>d to ! climate ( ! ,amazons might h be5 remov$ long ago1 7 ! public (fic]s ( ! nor!rn prov9ces ( ! ,empire n int]e/$ 9 keep+ up ! delusion4 ,! ,amazonian prov9ces are made /epp+-/ones to high] employm5ts4 ,! "y c&idates :o accept ^! po/s claim a rew>d = ! dis9t]e/$ness !y h %[n 9 expos+ !mselves to disease1 & make ! reput$ fatality ( ! climate an excuse = leav+ ^! remote /ations aft] a few mon?s' soj\rn4 ,! nor!rn prov9ces ( ,brazil ne$ an adm9i/ration less liable to *ange1 & bas$ ^u pati5t /udy ( _! local int]e/s1 & a fai?ful adh]5ce to !m4 ,x is impossible t ! presid5t :o comes = six mon?s1 & is daily long+ = 8 return to ! society & amusem5ts ( ! l>g] cities1 %\ld ev5 initiate1 f> less complete1 any sy/ematic improvem5ts4 ,l e c\ntry /ruggl+ = recognition among ! self-reliant nations ( ! _w1 ,brazil has to cont5d ) ! prejudic$ reports ( a float+ =eign population1 indiff]5t to ! welf>e ( ! l& !y tempor>ily inhabit1 & ^: appreciations are ma9ly influ5c$ by private int]e/4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! gov]nm5t has n ?\ght x wor? :ile to take decid$ measures to correct ! errone\s impressions curr5t abroad conc]n+ its adm9i/ration1 & t its diplomatic ag5ts d s little to circulate tru?ful & au?oritative /atem5ts ( _! dome/ic conc]ns4 ,z f> z ,i "k1 ! rec5t ,_w's ,fair at ,p>is 0 ! fir/ occasion :5 an attempt 0 made to pres5t a compreh5sive report ( ! res\rces ( ! ,empire1 & ! prizes aw>d$ to ! ,brazilians te/ify to _! success4 ,imp]fect z is ?is sket*1 ,i tru/ ,i h be5 able to %[1 :at ,i deeply feel1 t !re are elem5ts ( a high progress 9 ,brazil1 t x has in/itutions :i* are %ap+ ! c\ntry to wor?y ends1 t x has a nationality already active1 %[+ its p[] at ! pres5t mom5t 9 c>ry+ on "o ( ! mo/ important w>s ev] und]tak5 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,nei!r is ?is /ruggle ma9ta9$ by ,brazil = selfi% ends2 9 h] conflict ) ,p>aguay %e may truly be c\nt$ among ! /&>d-be>]s ( civilization4 ,! facts :i* h come to my k respect+ ?is w> h conv9c$ me t x orig9at$ 9 honorable purposes1 &1 sett+ aside ! selfi% intrigues ( individuals1 inevitably connect$ ) su* movem5ts1 is c>ri$ on ) dis9t]e/$ness4 ,x des]ves ! sympa?y ( ! civiliz$ _w1 = x /rikes at a tyrannical organization1 half cl]ical1 half milit>y1 :i*1 call+ itself a republic1 disgraces ! "n x assumes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w my ,brazilian fri5ds :o read ?is summ>y say t ,i h giv5 b grudg+ praise to _! public in/itutions1 accompani$ by an unk9d criticism ( _! social condition8 ,i hope n4 ,i %\ld d myself great wrong did ,i give ! impression t ,i "p f ,brazil ) any feel+ b t ( w>m sympa?y1 a deep-root$ belief 9 h] future progress & prosp]ity1 & s9c]e p]sonal gratitude t[>d h]4 ,i recognize 9 ! ,brazilians z a nation _! susceptibility to l(ty impulses & emotions1 _! love ( !oretical lib]ty1 _! natural g5]osity1 _! aptness to le>n1 _! ready eloqu5ce2 if also ,i miss among !m some?+ ( ! /rong] & m p]si/5t qualities ( ! ,nor!rn races1 ,i d b recall a di/9ction :i* is z anci5t z ! tropical & temp]ate zones !mselves4 ----- ,footnote #ajg3 ,i deeply regret t ,i c\ld n visit ! m9+ di/ricts ( ,brazil4 ,especially w\ld ,i h lik$ to exam9e = myself ! ,cascalho1 9 :i* ! diamonds are f\nd4 ,f collections :i* ,i owe to ! k9dness ( ,dr4 ,vieira de ,mattos 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 & ,s5hor ,antonio de ,lac]da 9 ,bahia1 ,i am prep>$ to f9d t ! :ole diamond-be>+ =mation is glacial drift4 ,i d n mean ! rocks 9 :i* ! diamonds occur 9 _! prim>y position1 b ! second>y agglom]ations ( loose mat]ials f :i* !y are wa%$4 ,,app5dix4 ,i4--,,! ,,gulf ,,/ream4 ,z ! results ( ! sy/ematic inve/igation ( ! ,gulf ,/ream ^u a plan laid out by ,dr4 ,a4 ,d4 ,ba*e1 & execut$1 "u 8 direction1 by 8 mo/ able assi/ants1 h h>dly yet be5 pres5t$ 9 a popul> =m1 a sket* ( ! :ole may n be out ( place "h4 ,?is inve/igation embrac$ n only surface-ph5om5a1 b ! :ole int]nal /ructure & movem5t ( ?is wond]ful curr5t4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,gulf ,/ream has its orig9 9 ! equatorial curr5t :i*1 />t+ f ! ,gulf ( ,gu9ea1 fl[s = a "t 9 a we/]ly direction1 till x approa*es ,cape ,/4 ,roque4 ,?is great projection ( ! ea/]n coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica int]rupts its onw>d progress1 & causes x to divide into two bran*es1 "o ( :i* foll[s ! coa/ ( ,brazil1 9 a s\!rly direction1 :ile ! o!r cont9ues its c\rse to ! nor?we/1 until x rea*es ! ,c>ibbean ,sea4 ,aft] p\r+ into t bas91 ! great /ream turns to ! ea/ to ent] ! ,atlantic aga9 (f ,cape ,florida4 ,! high temp]ature ( ! equatorial curr5t is ow+ to its orig9 9 ! tropical zone1 its we/w>d c\rse be+ det]m9$ by ! rotation ( ! e>? & by ! trade-w9ds4 ,on issu+ f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico ! /ream is encas$ betwe5 ! isl& ( ,cuba & ! ,bahamas on "o side & ! coa/ ( ,florida on ! o!r4 ,"h x meets ! ,atlantic 9 a latitude :]e ! ocean-wat]s h no long] ! high temp]ature ( ! tropics1 :]eas ! /ream itself has acquir$ an increas$ w>m? on ! %oals ( ! ,gulf4 ,?is acc\nts = ! great diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 ! wat]s ( ! /ream & ^? ( ! ocean to ! ea/ ( x2 :ile ! /ill great] cold ( ! sea-wat] on its we/]n side1 betwe5 ! ,gulf ,/ream & ! cont95tal %ore1 is expla9$ by ! great ,arctic curr5t1 p\r+ d[n f ,baff9's ,bay1 & skirt+ ! %ore ( ,nor? ,am]ica z f> z ! ,coa/ ( ,florida1 until x is lo/ 9 t latitude "u ! ,gulf ,/ream4 ,! object ( ,dr4 ,ba*e's inve/igation 0 to trace ! mutual relations ( ^! two great curr5ts ( w>m & cold wat]1 fl[+ side by side 9 opposite directions1 & to discov] ! conditions :i* regulate _! movem5ts & keep !m )9 def9ite limits4 ,! inve/igation is ev5 n[ by no means complete1 ?\gh x has be5 go+ on = _m ye>s4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 asc]ta9$ t1 :ile ! ocean-b$ deep5s m or less rapidly z we rec$e f ! %ore1 =m+ a tr\gh 9 :i* ! ,gulf ,/ream fl[s1 ?is tr\gh is limit$ on its ea/]n side by a range ( hills tr5d+ 9 ! direction ( ! curr5t1 outside ( :i* is ano!r depression or valley4 ,inde$1 ! sea-bottom exhibits p>allel ridges & depressions1 runn+ l ! %ore ( ! cont95t itself1 9 a nor!a/]ly direction4 ,! wat] pres5ts diff]5ces ( temp]ature1 n only on ! surface1 b at v>i\s dep?s bel[4 ,^! inequalities h be5 det]m9$ by a succession ( !rmometric obs]vations along sev]al l9es1 cross+ ! ,gulf ,/ream f ! %ore to ! ocean wat] on its ea/]n side1 at int]vals ( ab\t a hundr$ miles4 ,! obs]vations h be5 made fir/ at ! surface1 & !n at successively great] dep?s1 v>y+ f t5 to tw5ty1 ?irty1 "o hundr$1 two hundr$1 & ev5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ fa?oms4 ,?is survey has %[n t1 :ile ! ,gulf ,/ream has a temp]ature high] ?an t ( ! wat]s on ei!r side1 x is also alt]nately w>m] & cold] )9 itself1 be+ made up z x 7 ( di/9ct /reaks ( wat] ( diff]5t temp]ature4 ,^! alt]nations cont9ue to z great a dep? z ! obs]vations h be5 c>ri$1 & are f\nd to ext5d ev5 to ! v bottom ( ! sea1 :]e ?is has be5 rea*$4 ,! mo/ surpris+ "p ( ?is result is ! abruptness ( ! *ange along ! l9e :]e ! two great curr5ts t\* ea* o!r4 ,s %>p is ?is division t ! b\nd>y ( ! ,arctic curr5t is n[ te*nically designat$ z ! 8,cold wall0 ( ! ,gulf ,/ream4 ,( c\rse z ! latt] fl[s nor?w>d & ea/w>d x gradually wid5s1 & its temp]ature is l[]$2 b ev5 z f> nor? z ,s&y ,hook ! diff]5ce betwe5 its temp]ature at ! surface & t ( ! surr\nd+ wat]s is /ill m>k$4 ,(f ,cape ,florida ! wid? ( ! ,gulf ,/ream is n ov] =ty miles2 (f ,*>le/on x is "o hundr$ & fifty miles2 :ile at ,s&y ,hook x exce$s ?ree hundr$ miles4 ,! inequality ( ! bottom may be appreciat$ by ! s\nd+s (f ,*>le/on1 :]e1 f ! %ore to a di/ance ( two hundr$ miles1 ! foll[+ dep? 0 successively measur$3 #aj1 #be1 #ajj1 #bej1 #cjj1 #fjj1 #cej1 #eej1 #dej1 #dge1 #dej1 & #djj fa?oms4 ,! foll[+ table may give "s idea ( ! temp]ature ( ! /ream 9 connection ) its dep?3-- ,(f ,s&y ,hook1 at successive di/ances f ! coa/1 ( #ajj1 #aej1 #bjj1 #bej1 #cjj1 #cej1 & #djj miles1 ! temp]ature ne> ! surface to a dep? ( ?irty fa?oms av]ages3 #fe1 #ff1 #fd1 #ha1 #hj1 & #ge ,fahr42 at a dep? ( betwe5 =ty & a hundr$ fa?oms x av]ages3 #ej1 #eb1 #ej1 #dg1 #gb1 #fh1 & #fe ,fahr42 at a dep? bel[ ?ree hundr$ fa?oms x av]ages3 #cg1 #ci1 #dj1 #cg1 #ee1 #eg1 & #ee ,fahr4 ,! rapid rise ( ! temp]ature aft] ! f\r? column ( figures indicates ! position ( ! ,cold wall4 ,= fur!r details see ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,coa/ ,survey ,report = #ahfj1 page #afe1 & ! accompany+ maps1--:i* %\ld be copi$ into all our s*ool atlases4 ,,ii4--,,fly+-,,fi%es4 ,! motions ( animals v>y greatly ) ref]5ce to ! m$ium 9 :i* !y live4 ,our pres5t k r5d]s x1 h[ev]1 necess>y t we %\ld weigh ^! diff]5ces ) ref]5ce to ! /ructural "* ( ! organs ( locomotion !mselves1 z well z to t ( ! peculi> resi/ance ( ! elem5t 9 :i* !y move4 ,:5 we speak ( ! flight ( ,birds1 ( ,insects1 ( ,fi%es1 ( ,bats1 c41 & designate _! locomotive organs indiscrim9ately z w+s1 x is evid5t t ! "* ( ! motion & n ! special /ructure ( ! organs has det]m9$ our nom5clature4 ,we are influ5c$ by ! same consid]ation :5 we give ! "n ( f9s to ! organs ( all animals :i* swim 9 ! wat]1 be !y ,:ales1 ,turtles1 ,fi%es1 ,cru/acea1 or ,mollusks4 ,x requires b a sup]ficial acqua9tance ) ! anatomy ( ! fly+-fi%es to p]ceive t _! organs ( flight are built ^u exactly ! same patt]n z ! pectoral f9s ( mo/ fi%es1 & diff] entirely f ! w+ ( birds1 z also f ! w+ ( bats1 ! latt] be+ 9 all ess5tials a paw1 id5tical ) ! paw ( ord9>y quadrup$s1 save ! l5g? ( ! f+]s & ! abs5ce ( nails on ! longe/ ( !m4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t ! flight ( ! fly+-fi%es %\ld entirely diff] f t ( birds or bats4 ,i h _h frequ5t occasions to obs]ve ! fly+-fi%es att5tively4 ,i am confid5t n only t !y *ange ! direction ( _! flight1 b t !y raise or l[] _! l9e ( movem5t repeat$ly1 )\t return+ to ! wat]4 ,i avoid ! ^w fall+ design$ly1 = all ! acts ( ^! fi%es dur+ _! flight seem to me completely volunt>y4 ,!y raise !mselves f ! surface ( ! wat] by rapidly repeat$ bl[s ) ! tail1 & m ?an once h ,i se5 !m desc5d aga9 to ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ord] to repeat ?is movem5t2 ?us r5ew+ ! impulse & enabl+ !mselves to cont9ue = a long] "t _! passage ?r\gh ! air4 ,_! *anges ( direction1 ei!r to ! "r & left or 9 ris+ & desc5d+1 are n due to ! beat+ ( ! w+s1 t is to say1 ( ! great pectoral f9s1 b simply to an inflexion ( ! :ole surface1 9 "o or ! o!r direction1 by ! contraction ( ! muscles controll+ ! action ( ! f9-rays1 _! pressure aga9/ ! air det]m9+ ! movem5t4 ,! fly+-fi% is 9 fact a liv+ %uttlecock1 capable ( direct+ its own c\rse by ! b5d+ ( its l>ge f9s4 ,x probably ma9ta9s itself 9 ! air until ! necessity ( brea?+ compels x to return to ! wat]4 ,! motive ( its flight seems to me to be fe>2 = x is always 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood & 9 front ( ! vessel t !y are se5 to rise2 or p]haps at a di/ance :5 !y are pursu$ by "s l>ge fi%4 ,n[ t ,i h /udi$ _! movem5ts1 ,i am bett] able to appreciate ! peculi>ities ( _! /ructure1 especially ! inequality ( ! caudal f94 ,x is p]fectly cle> t ! great] l5g? ( ! l[] lobe ( ! caudal is int5d$ to facilitate ! movem5ts by :i* ! :ole body is ?r[n out ( wat] & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! air2 :ile ! amplitude ( ! pectoral f9s af=ds only a support dur+ ! passage ?r\gh ! light] m$ium4 ,no?+ %[s m pla9ly ! fre$om ( _! movem5ts ?an ! fact t1 :5 ! surface ( ! sea is swell+ into bill[s1 ! fly+-fi%es may hug its inequalities v closely & d n move 9 a regul> curve1 fir/ asc5d+ f & !n desc5d+ aga9 to ! level ( ! wat]4 ,nor d !y appe> to fall into _! natural elem5t1 z if ! p[] t _h impell$ !m 0 exhau/$2 !y seem r to dive volunt>ily into ! wat]1 sometimes aft] a v %ort & sometimes aft] a r protract$ flight1 dur+ :i* !y may *ange _! direction1 z well z ! height at :i* !y move4 ,! mo/ common fly+-fi%es ( ! ,atlantic belong to ! g5us ,exocetus1 & are closely alli$ to our ,billfi% 7,belone74 ,j4 ,mll] has %[n t !y diff] greatly f ! ,h]r+s1 ) :i* !y 7 =m]ly associat$1 & %\ld =m a di/9ct family1 to :i* he has giv5 ! "n ( ,scomb]esoces4 ,! o!r fly+-fi%es belong to ! family ( ! ,cottoids1 ( :i* our common ,sculp9s are ! *ief repres5tatives4 ,,iii4--,,resolutions ,,pass$ ,,on ,,bo>d ,,! ,,colorado4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! cordial ?anks ( ?is meet+ are due to ,pr(essor ,agassiz = ! highly int]e/+ & in/ructive lectures :i* he has deliv]$ daily dur+ our voyage1 & :i*1 ?\gh int5d$ m imm$iately to prep>e 8 p>ty = _! propos$ exp$ition1 h furni%$ to all ( u a ri* repa/4 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,pr(essor & 8 companions w c>ry ) !m to _! b5efic5t "w ! e>ne/ pray]s & good wi%es ( all ) :om !y h be5 associat$ on bo>d ?is %ip1 t heal? & abundant success may be v\*saf$ to !m4 ,resolv$1 ,t 9 ?is mission ( sci5ce f "o c\ntry convuls$ by w> to ano!r n entirely at peace1 we behold ! humaniz+ & pacific influ5ce ( its aims & /udies1 & t we _c b look =w>d to a day :5 nations engag$ 9 ! common pursuits ( sci5ce & indu/ry1 & b\nd toge!r by comm]ce & by enlight5$ views ( int]e/ & ( ,*ri/ian duty1 w ref] all que/ions 9 dispute to peaceful arbitram5t r ?an to "o ( viol5ce & blood%$4 ,resolv$1 ,t 9 ! facilities af=d$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ?is sci5tific exp$ition1 9 ! munific5t contribution ( a s+le citiz5 ( ,bo/on t[>ds its exp5ses1 & 9 ! g5]\s mann] 9 :i* ! own]s ( ?is %ip h plac$ its unsurpass$ com=ts & luxuries at ! free use ( ,pr(essor ,agassiz & 8 p>ty1 ?is meet+ beholds a pl$ge ( ! pr(\nd & gr[+ int]e/ ( our entire p 9 ! advancem5t ( lib]al & useful k4 ,resolv$1 ,t we _c approa* ! capital ( ,brazil = ! purpose ( leav+ ?is p>ty1 )\t express+ our admiration = ! p]sonal & political "* ( him :o presides ov] ?is va/ ,empire1 & :o may well be held =? to all rul]s z a model ( intellig5ce1 ( virtue1 & devotion to ! public weal4 ,resolv$1 ,t we _c close ?is "p ( our voyage )\t t5d]+ to ,capta9 ,bradbury1 & 8 subord9ate (fic]s1 our special ?anks1 n only = ! ma/]ly mann] ) :i* _! vessel is h&l$1 b = _! unwe>i$ devotion to ! com=t ( _! gue/s4 ,,iv4--,,dom ,,p$ro ,,segundo ,,railroad4 ,! "p tak5 by ,am]ican eng9e]s 9 ?is great und]tak+ induces me to give "h a %ort acc\nt ( its hi/ory4 ,! decree conc$+ to "o or m companies ! entire or p>tial con/ruction ( a railway :i*1 comm5c+ 9 ! municipality ( ,rio de ,janeiro1 %\ld t]m9ate 9 su* po9ts 9 ! ,prov9ces ( ,m9as & ,/4 ,paulo z %\ld be mo/ advantage\s1 0 promulgat$ 9 #aheb4 ,a company 0 organiz$ ) a capital ( ?irty-eight ?\s& ,contos ( reis1 or n9ete5 millions ( doll>s2 ! g5]al plan be+ to con/ruct a trunk l9e f ! city ( ,rio de ,janeiro to ! ,riv] ,p>ahyba1 a di/ance ( ab\t #fg miles f ! coa/4 ,a contract 0 made ) an ,engli% eng9e]1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,price1 = ! build+ ( ! fir/ section ( ?is road1 ext5d+ a di/ance ( #ch miles1 f ,rio de ,janeiro to ,belem4 ,= ! con/ruction ( ! second section1 :i* embrac$ ! m\nta9 b>ri] sep>at+ ! valley ( ,p>ahyba f ! sea-coa/1 & 9 :i* ! greate/ difficulties 7 !re=e to be enc\nt]$1 x 0 propos$ by ,s5hor ,*ri/iano ,b4 ,ottoni1 ,presid5t ( ! road1 to employ ,am]ican eng9e]s1 & if possible to engage ! s]vices ( m5 :o _h actually con/ruct$ railways across m\nta9 ranges 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,to ?is effect1 ,colonel ,c4 ,f4 ,m4 ,g>nett 0 engag$ z *ief eng9e]1 & came to ,brazil 9 #ahef1 accompani$ by ,major ,a4 ,ellison1 z 8 pr9cipal assi/ant4 ,colonel ,g>nett rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry some:at m ?an two ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t ! portion ( ! road kn[n z ! second section1 & ext5d+ f ,belem to ,p>ahyba1 0 laid out & its con/ruction comm5c$1 surveys be+ also made ( ! bran*es up & d[n ! riv]1 con/itut+ ! ?ird & f\r? sections4 ,on ,colonel ,g>nett's dep>ture1 ,major ,ellison rema9$ z *ief eng9e]1 hav+ 8 bro!r1 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,ellison1 associat$ ) him 9 ! direction ( ! road4 ,9 ,july1 #ahfe1 at :i* "t ! road 0 actually complet$ z f> z ,b>ro de ,pirahy1 ! company be+ unable to raise funds = ! cont9uation ( ! "w1 x 0 assum$ by ! gov]nm5t1 z a national und]tak+1 & ,major ,ellison1 resign+ 8 position1 0 succe$$ by ,mr4 ,wm4 ,s4 ,ellison z *ief eng9e]4 ,! difficulties ( con/ruction ?r\gh\t ! second section 7 imm5se2 inde$1 !re 0 an almo/ univ]sal di/ru/ ( ! practicability ( ! "w4 ,ev5 aft] x 0 consid]ably advanc$1 x w\ld probably h be5 ab&on$ b = ! en]gy ( ! ,presid5t1 :o %>$ ! confid5ce ( ! eng9e]s1 & pu%$ =w>d ! ent]prise almo/ s+le-h&$1 9 spite ( ! incr$ulity ( its fri5ds & ! objections ( its oppon5ts4 ,! %>pness ( ! m\nta9 spurs r5d]+ x impossible 9 _m cases to pass ar\nd !m1 tunnels became necess>y1 & fifte5 7 actually made1 v>y+ f #cjj to m ?an #g1cjj feet 9 l5g?1 =m+1 9 ! aggregate1 ?ree miles ( subt]rane\s l9e4 ,( ^? tunnels1 ?ree pass ?r\gh rock decompos$ to su* a degree t l9+ ?r\gh\t 0 necess>y1 :ile ! re/ are pi]c$1 = ! great] "p1 ?r\gh solid rock1 ?\gh requir+ ! same precaution occasionally4 ,! total l5g? ( l9+ ) masonry is #e1gjj feet4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is op]ation con/ant dang] & difficulty arose f ! break+ 9 ( ! rock1 & 9 "o in/ance ! :ole m\nta9 spur ?r\gh :i* ! tunnel _h be5 driv5 p>t$ f ! ma9 mass &1 slid+ d[n1 oblit]at$ ! "w1 s t x 0 necess>y to beg9 ! p]=ation aga91 cont5d+ cont9ually aga9/ ! enorm\s pressure ( ! loose sup]9cumb5t dbris4 ,7 ?is ! fitt+ place1 x w\ld be int]e/+ to give ! hi/ory ( ?is ent]prise m 9 detail2 especially t ( ! "w connect$ ) build+ ! great tunnel & ! tempor>y track :i* 0 9 use :5 ,i fir/ pass$ ov] ! road4 ,suffice x to say1 t all t portion ( ! road :i* is includ$ )9 ! second section is a triumph ( eng9e]+1 :i* excites ! admiration ( ! mo/ compet5t judges1 & is 9 ! highe/ degree cr$itable to ^? "u ^: direction x has be5 accompli%$4 ,v4--,,p]man5ce ,,( ,,*>act]i/ics ,,9 ,,diff]5t ,,human ,,species4 ,z my special object ( /udy 9 ! ,amazons _h ref]5ce to ! "* & di/ribution ( ! fluviatile faun1 ,i c\ld n und]take ^? m accurate inve/igations ( ! human races1 bas$ ^u m9ute measurem5ts repeat$ a ?\s&-fold1 :i* *>act]ize ! late/ rese>*es ( an?ropologi/s4 ,a ?or\gh /udy ( ! diff]5t nations & cross-bre$s inhabit+ ! ,amazonian ,valley w\ld require ye>s ( obs]vation & pati5t exam9ation4 ,i 0 =c$ to be satisfi$ ) su* data z ,i c\ld ga!r aside f my o!r labors1 & to limit myself 9 my /udy ( ! races to :at ,i w\ld call ! natural hi/ory me?od2 viz4 ! comp>ison ( individuals ( diff]5t k9ds ) "o ano!r1 j z naturali/s comp>e specim5s ( diff]5t species4 ,?is 0 less difficult 9 a hot c\ntry1 :]e ! uncultivat$ "p ( ! population g half nak$1 & are frequ5tly se5 entirely undress$4 ,dur+ a protract$ resid5ce 9 ,manaos1 ,mr4 ,hunnewell made a great _m *>act]i/ic photographs ( ,indians & ,negroes1 & half-bre$s betwe5 bo? ^! races & ! ,:ites4 ,all ^! portraits repres5t ! individuals select$ 9 ?ree normal positions1 9 full face1 9 p]fect pr(ile1 & f beh9d4 ,i hope soon] or lat] to h an opportunity ( publi%+ ^! illu/rations1 z well z ^? ( pure negroes made = me 9 ,rio by ,messrs4 ,/ahl & ,wahns*affe4 ,:at /ruck me at fir/ view1 9 see+ ,indians & ,negroes toge!r1 0 ! m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! relative proportions ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body4 ,l long-arm$ monkeys ! ,negroes are g5]ally sl5d]1 ) long legs1 long arms1 & a comp>atively %ort body1 :ile ! ,indians are %ort-legg$1 %ort-arm$1 & long-bodi$1 ! trunk be+ also r heavy 9 build4 ,to cont9ue ! comp>ison1 ,i may say t if ! ,negro by 8 be>+ recalls ! sl5d]1 active ,hylobates1 ! ,indian is m l ! sl[1 inactive1 /\t ,orang4 ,( c\rse !re are exceptions to ?is rule2 %ort1 ?ick-built ,negroes are occasionally to be se51 z well z tall1 lean ,indians2 b1 s f> z my obs]vation goes1 ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,indian & ,negro races1 tak5 z a :ole1 consi/s 9 ! l5g? & squ>e build ( ! trunk & ! %ortness ( limbs 9 ! ,indian z comp>$ ) ! lean frame1 %ort trunk1 deep-cleft legs1 & long arms ( ! ,negro4 ,ano!r feature n less /rik+1 ?\gh x does n affect ! :ole figure s mu*1 is ! %ort neck & great wid? ( ! %\ld]s 9 ! ,indian4 ,?is peculi>ity is q z m>k$ 9 ! female z 9 ! male1 s t1 :5 se5 f beh9d1 ! ,indian woman has a v mascul9e air1 ext5d+ inde$ m or less to h] :ole be>+2 = ev5 h] features h r>ely ! fem99e delicacy ( high] womanhood4 ,9 ! ,negro1 on ! contr>y1 ! n>r[ness ( *e/ & %\ld] *>act]i/ic ( woman is almo/ z m>k$ 9 ! man2 inde$1 x may well be said1 t1 :ile ! ,indian female is rem>kable = h] mascul9e build1 ! ,negro male is equally s = 8 fem99e aspect4 ,nev]!less1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sexes 9 ! two races is n equally m>k$4 ,! female ,indian resembles 9 e respect mu* m ! male ?an is ! case ) ! ,negroes2 ! females among ! latt] hav+ g5]ally m delicate features ?an ! males4 ,on foll[+ out ! details concomitant ) ^! g5]al diff]5ces1 we f9d t !y agree mo/ /rik+ly4 ,9 a front view ( an ,indian woman & a ,negress ! great diff]5ce is 9 ! wid? betwe5 ! brea/s ( ! =m] z comp>$ ) _! close approximation 9 ! latt]4 ,9 ! ,indian ! int]val betwe5 ! two brea/s is ne>ly equal to ! diamet] ( "o ( !m2 :ile 9 ! ,negro !y /& 9 almo/ imm$iate contact4 ,b ?is is n all2 ! =m ( ! brea/ itself is v diff]5t 9 ! two4 ,! ,indian woman has a conical brea/1 firm & well support$1 ! po9t be+ turn$ s f> sideways t ! brea/ seems to arise "u ! arm-pit1 ! nipple be+ actually project$ on ! arm 9 a full-fac$ view ( ! *e/4 ,9 ! negress ! brea/ is m cyl9drical1 loos]1 & m flaccid1 ! nipple be+ turn$ =w>d & d[nw>d1 s t 9 a front view x is project$ on ! *e/4 ,9 ! ,indian ! +u9al region is broad & di/9ctly set (f f ! prom95ce ( ! abdom51 :ile 9 ! ,negro x is a m]e fold4 ,z to ! limbs1 !y are n only mu* long] 9 proportion 9 ! ,negro ?an ! ,indian2 _! =m & c>riage diff]s also4 ,! legs ( ! ,indians are rem>kably /raight1 9 ! ,negro ! knees are b5t 91 & ! hip z well z knee-jo9t habitually flex$4 ,simil> diff]5ces 9 o!r p>ts ( ! body are visible f beh9d2 9 ! ,indians ! int]val betwe5 ! two %\ld]s1 ! %\ld]-blades be+ comp>atively %ort 9 !mselves1 is mu* great] ?an 9 any o!r race4 ,9 ?is respect ! wom5 d n diff] f ! m51 b %>e 9 a feature *>act]i/ic ( ! :ole race4 ,?is peculi>ity is especially noticeable 9 a pr(ile view ( ! figure1 9 :i* ! broad r\nd$ %\ld] m>ks ! outl9e 9 ! upp] "p ( ! trunk & tap]s gradually to a well-%ap$ arm1 t]m9at+ usually 9 a r small h&2 ! little f+] is rem>kably %ort4 ,9 ! ,negro1 on ! contr>y1 ! %\ld]-blades are long & plac$ m closely toge!r1 ! %\ld] be+ r slim & n>r[1 & ! h& disproportionately sl5d]1 ?\gh ! f+]s are m ext5sively webb$ ?an 9 any o!r race4 ,9 ?is respect !re is little diff]5ce betwe5 male & female1 ! build ( ! male be+ m muscul>1 b h>dly /\t]2 9 bo?1 a pr(ile view %[s ! back & brea/ project$ =w>ds & backw>ds ( ! arm4 ,! proportions betwe5 ! l5g? & wid? ( ! trunk1 z comp>$ ) ea* o!r1 &1 measur$ f ! %\ld] to ! base ( ! trunk1 h>dly diff] 9 ! ,indian & ,negro2 ?is r5d]s ! diff]5ce 9 ! relative l5g? & /r5g? ( ! arms & legs ! m app>5t4 ,i ne$ n allude to ! diff]5ce ( ! hair2 ev]ybody kn[s ! heavy1 /raight black hair ( ! ,indian1 & ! wr9kl$1 woolly hair ( ! ,negro4 ,nor is x necess>y = me to recall ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! ,:ites 9 ord] to contra/ !m ) :at has be5 said above ( ! ,indians & ,negroes4 ,only a few words m conc]n+ half-bre$s are ne$$ to %[ h[ deeply seat$ are ! prim>y diff]5ces betwe5 ! pure races4 ,l di/9ct species among animals1 diff]5t races ( m51 :5 cross+1 br+ =? half-bre$s2 & ! half-bre$s betwe5 ^! diff]5t races diff] greatly4 ,! hybrid betwe5 ,:ite & ,negro1 call$ ,mulatto1 is too well kn[n to require fur!r description4 ,8 features are h&some1 8 complexion cle>1 & 8 "* confid+1 b indol5t4 ,! hybrid betwe5 ! ,indian & ,negro1 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,cafuzo1 is q diff]5t4 ,8 features h no?+ ( ! delicacy ( ! ,mulatto2 8 complexion is d>k2 8 hair long1 wiry1 & curly2 & 8 "* exhibits a happy comb9ation betwe5 ! jolly disposition ( ! ,negro & ! en]getic1 endur+ p[]s ( ! ,indian4 ,! hybrid betwe5 ,:ite & ,indian1 call$ ,mammeluco 9 ,brazil1 is pallid1 effem9ate1 feeble1 lazy1 & r ob/9ate2 ?\gh x seems z if ! ,indian influ5ce _h only gone s f> z to oblit]ate ! high] *>act]i/ics ( ! ,:ite1 )\t imp>t+ its own en]gies to ! (fspr+4 ,x is v rem>kable h[1 9 bo? comb9ations1 ) ,negroes z well z ,:ites1 ! ,indian impresses 8 m>k m deeply ^u 8 prog5y ?an ! o!r races1 & h[ readily1 also1 9 fur!r cross+s1 ! pure ,indian *>act]i/ics are reclaim$ & ^? ( ! o!r races ?r[n (f4 ,i h kn[n ! (fspr+ ( an hybrid betwe5 ,indian & ,negro ) an hybrid betwe5 ,indian & ,:ite resume almo/ completely ! *>act]i/ics ( ! pure ,indian4 ,,vi4--,,sket* ,,( ,,sep>ate ,,j\rneys ,,und]tak5 ,,by ,,diff]5t ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,exp$ition4 ,x is n possible = me to give "h at l5g? ! n>rative ( ! sep>ate j\rneys und]tak5 by my "y companions4 ,to d !m any ju/ice1 _! reports %\ld be illu/rat$ by ! accompany+ maps1 geological sections1 c41 :i* are m appropriate 9 a special sci5tific acc\nt4 ,i tru/ t ,i %all h]eaft] f9d res\rces = publi%+ all ^! mat]ials 9 a fitt+ mann]2 b1 9 ! mean :ile1 ,i %\ld d a wrong to my own feel+s z well z to my assi/ants1 did ,i n add to ?is volume su* a sket* ( _! sep>ate "w z w %[ ) h[ mu* en]gy1 p]sev]ance1 & intellig5ce !y c>ri$ out ! in/ructions ,i _h giv5 !m4 ,x w be rememb]$ by ! read] t "o object 0 kept con/antly 9 view ?r\gh\t ?is exp$ition1--namely1 t ( asc]ta9+ h[ ! fre%-wat] fi%es are di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! great riv]-sy/ems ( ,brazil4 ,all ! indep5d5t j\rneys1 ( :i* %ort sket*es are giv5 9 ?is summ>y1 7 laid out ) ref]5ce to ?is idea2 ! :ole exp$ition be+1 9 fact1 a unit s f> z its purpose & g5]al plan 7 conc]n$4 ,9 ?is s5se my own exploration1 & ^? ( all my assi/ants1 belong toge!r1 z p>ts ( "o connect$ s*eme4 ,t deta*m5t ( ! p>ty :i* 0 conduct$ by ,mr4 ,ore/es ,/4 ,john left ,rio de ,janeiro on ! #i? ( ,june1 #ahfe4 ,?is company consi/$ ( ,messrs4 ,/4 ,john1 ,all51 ,w>d1 & ,sceva4 ,! fir/ two 7 to rea* ! ,atlantic coa/ by way ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco & ! ,rio ,p>anahyba2 :ile ,mr4 ,w>d 0 to desc5d ! ,tocant9s to ! ,amazons1 & ,mr4 ,sceva to rema9 = "s "t 9 ! fossilif]\s region ab\t ,lagoa ,sancta = ! purpose ( collect+4 ,z f> z ,juiz de ,=a !y foll[$ ! road describ$ 9 ! =ego+ n>rative4 ,!nce !y cross$ ! ,s]ra d ,mantiqueira to ,b>bac5a1 & kept on f t place ?r\gh ,lagoa ,d\rada & ,prados across ! ,rio ,c>&ahy to ! divide sep>at+ ! head-wat]s ( ! ,rio ,gr&e on ! s\? f ^? ( ! ,rio ,p>aopeba on ! nor?4 ,!y cross$ ! ,p>aopeba j above ! wat] gap ( ! ,s]ras ( ,pi$ade & ,itatiaiassu1 trav]s+ ! =m] ,s]ra into ! m\nta9 valley 9 :i* ! village ( ,morro ,velho is situat$4 ,!y ?us f\nd !mselves successively 9 ! bas9s ( ! ,rio ,p>ahyba1 ! ,rio ,la ,plata1 & ! ,rio ,san ,francisco2 all ^! great /reams be+ f$ by rivulets :i* arise 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,on leav+ ! m\nta9\s di/ricts !y cont9u$ _! r\te ?r\gh alt]nate campos & wood$ tracts to ,gequitib1 pass+ ?r\gh ,sabur1 ,santa ,luzia1 ,lagoa ,sancta1 & ,sette ,lagoas4 ,at ,lagoa ,sancta1 z _h be5 previ\sly agre$1 ,mr4 ,sceva left ! p>ty1 ) ! purpose ( explor+ ! caves ( t region 9 se>* ( fossil bones1 & mak+ skeletons ( mammalia4 ,he rema9$ = "s "t 9 ?is neighborhood1 & br\ght away a numb] ( specim5s1 ?\gh he did n succe$ 9 f9d+ _m fossils1 ! caves hav+ be5 already despoil$ ( _! fossil rema9s by ,dr4 ,lund1 ^: indefatigable rese>*es 9 ?is direction are s well kn[n4 ,mr4 ,sceva1 h[ev]1 made v valuable collections ( o!r k9ds1 & ,i am indebt$ to him = num]\s c>efully prep>$ specim5s ( ,brazilian mammalia1 :i* n[ await m\nt+ 9 ! ,museum4 ,on leav+ ,lagoa ,sancta1 ,mr4 ,sceva return$ to ,rio de ,janeiro1 tak+ 8 collections ) him4 ,he pass$ "s days !re1 9 ord] to repack & put 9 safety 8 own specim5s z well z ^? :i* _h be5 s5t back to ,rio by o!r memb]s ( ! p>ty4 ,he !n proce$$ to ,canta-,gallo1 & pass$ ! rema9d] ( ! "t 9 collect+ & prep>+ specim5s f t "p ( ! c\ntry1 until he jo9$ me subsequ5tly at ,rio j be=e we return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,8 contributions to our /ores 7 exce$+ly valuable1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! localities f :i* !y came & f ! c>e ) :i* !y 7 put up4 ,mr4 ,w>d _h already sep>at$ f 8 fell[-travell]s at ,b>bac5a1 on 8 way to ! ,tocant9s1 tak+ ! r\te by ,ouro-,preto & ,diamant9a4 ,& 9 ord] to keep toge!r ! adv5tures ( ! little b& :o left ,rio 9 company1 ,i may give "h a %ort sket* ( 8 j\rney1 be=e complet+ ! acc\nt ( ! r\te pursu$ by ,messrs4 ,/4 ,john & ,all54 ,aft] leav+ ! valley ( ! ,rio ,p>ahyba & cross+ ! ,mantiqueira ! p>ty f\nd itself 9 ! wat]-bas9 ( ! ,rio ,gr&e1 "o ( ! pr9cipal tribut>ies ( ! ,rio ,p>ana1 :i*1 empty+ into ! ,rio ,la ,plata1 rea*es ! ocean bel[ ,bu5os ,ayres4 ,ea/w>d ( ?is bas91 on ! ocean-side ( ! great ridge :i* b\nds ! valley ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco1 arise sev]al l>ge riv]s1--! ,rio ,doce1 ! ,rio ,mucury1 & ! ,rio ,jequit9honha4 ,x 0 "o ( my mo/ e>ne/ desires to secure ! means ( comp>+ _! inhabitants ) ea* o!r & ) ^? ( ! great riv]s fl[+ nor? & ea/4 ,z w be se5 h]eaft]1 ,mr4 ,h>tt1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,copel&1 _h und]tak5 to explore ! l[] c\rse ( ^! riv]s2 b x 0 equally important t specim5s %\ld be obta9$ f _! head-wat]s4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john & 8 companion pursu$ _! way across ! region dra9$ by ! head-wat]s ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco1 ,mr4 ,w>d cross$ ! m\nta9s1 pass+ f "o riv]-bas9 into ano!r1 9 ord] to exam9e z _m ( ! tribut>ies ( ! ,rio ,doce & ! ,rio ,jequit9honha z possible4 ,to him ,i owe ! mat]ials necess>y = a g5]al comp>ison ( ! riv] faun 9 ^! diff]5t bas9s4 ,8 j\rney 0 a labori\s & a lonely "o4 ,sep>at+ f 8 companions at ,b>bac5a he kept on by ,ouro-,preto & ,santa ,b>b>a into ! bas9 ( ! ,rio ,doce1 :i* he foll[$ ne>ly to ! po9t :]e ! ,rio ,antonio empties into x4 ,?is "p ( ! j\rney gave him an opportunity ( mak+ a collection n only 9 ! head-wat]s ( ! ,rio ,doce1 b 9 "o ( its pr9cipal tribut>ies also4 ,!nce cross+ ! ,s]ra das ,esm]aldas ,mr4 ,w>d ent]$ ! wat]-bas9 ( ! ,rio ,jequit9honha1 commonly call$ ,rio ,belmonte on ! maps1 & aft] pass+ ,diamant9a explor$ sev]al arms ( ?is great /ream4 ,! collections he made 9 ?is region are ( special int]e/ ) ref]5ce to ^? ga!r$ by ,messrs4 ,h>tt & ,copel& on ! l[] c\rse ( ! same riv]s1 & 9 _m o!r /reams along ! ,atlantic coa/ betwe5 ,bahia & ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,hav+ accompli%$ ?is "p ( 8 j\rney1 ,mr4 ,w>d cross$ ! ,san ,francisco at ,janu>ia1 mak+ a numb] ( excursions 9 t vic9ity2 !n pass+ 9 a nor?we/]ly direction ov] ! ridges :i* sep>ate ! valley ( ! ,san ,francisco f t ( ! ,tocant9s1 he foll[$ ! :ole c\rse ( ?is great /ream to ! ,amazons4 ,x 0 a d>+ & adv5tur\s j\rney to be accompli%$ ) no o!r companion%ip ?an t ( ! cam>ado :o s]v$ him z guide1 or ! ,indian boatm5 :o r[$ 8 canoe1 & x 0 a day ( rejoic+ = our :ole p>ty :5 we he>d1 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 #ahff1 ( 8 safe arrival 9 ,p>1 :5ce he emb>k$ a few weeks lat] = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f ,lagoa ,sancta1 :]e !y p>t$ f ,mr4 ,sceva1 ,messrs4 ,/4 ,john & ,all5 kept on to ,janu>ia toge!r1 b at ?is po9t ,mr4 ,all51 ^: heal? _h be5 fail+ f ! "t he left ,rio de ,janeiro1 f\nd himself unable to prosecute ! j\rney f>!r1 & he resolv$ to /rike across ! c\ntry to ,bahia1 tak+ 9 *>ge ! collections !y _h br\ght toge!r ?us f>4 ,aft] a %ort re/ at ,janu>ia1 he made 8 way to ,*ique-,*ique on ! ,rio ,san ,francisco2 & 8 sep>ate j\rnal beg9s f ! "t he left ?is po9t1 on 8 j\rney to ,bahia4 ,x gives a v full acc\nt ( ! physical features ( ! region ?r\gh :i* he pass$1 ( ! geographical "* ( ! soil1 & ( ! di/ribution ( plants & animals1 includ+ _m orig9al obs]vations conc]n+ ! habits ( birds1 ) a detail$ it9]>y ( ! r\te ?r\gh ,jacob9a1 ,espelto1 & ,caxoeira4 ,pro/rat$ by illness z he 01 he has nev]!less furni%$ a report ! "* ( :i* %[s h[ completely 8 int]e/ 9 ! "w ov]came ! lassitude ( disease4 ,f ,janu>ia ,mr4 ,/4 ,john foll[$ ! ,san ,francisco to ! ,villa d ,b>ra1 :]e he made a %ort /ay1 & !n resum$ 8 j\rney by l& ?r\gh ! valley ( ! ,rio ,gr&e to ! ,villa da ,santa ,rita1 !nce to ,mocambo & across ! table-l& sep>at+ ! bas9 ( ! ,rio ,san ,francisco f t ( ! ,rio ,p>anahyba4 ,at ,p>anagu he rema9$ sev]al days1 & made a consid]able collection f ?is vic9ity4 ,!nce he foll[$ ! valley ( ! ,rio ,gurugueia to ,manga1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty leagues f ,p>anagu4 ,at ,manga he emb>k$ on "o ( ! s+ul> riv]-boats made ( ! leaf/alks ( ! ,buriti palm1 & desc5d$ ! ,p>anahyba to ! villa ( ,san ,gonallo4 ,"h he /ay$ = "s "t to collect1 & =w>d$ f ?is vic9ity a consid]able numb] ( specim5s1 *iefly reptiles1 birds1 & insects4 ,8 next /ation 0 at ,!rez9a1 ! capital ( ! prov9ce ( ,piauhy1 :]e he made "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ collections ( ! :ole j\rney f ! wat]s ( ! ,rio ,poty4 ,! ,poty is a tribut>y ( ! ,p>anahyba1 into :i* x empties bel[ ,!rez9a4 ,9 exam9+ ?is collection1 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly /ruck ) ! g5]al simil>ity ( ! fi%es conta9$ 9 x to ^? ( ! ,amazons4 ,!y exhibit ?r\gh\t ! same k9d ( comb9ation ( g5]a & families1 al?\gh ! species are entirely di/9ct4 ,?us1 f a zological po9t ( view1 ! bas9 ( ! ,p>ahyba1 ?\gh completely sep>at$ f x by ! ocean1 w\ld seem to belong to ! ,amazonian bas91 z x unque/ionably does f a geological po9t ( view4 ,! "* ( ! drift deposits along ! ,rio ,gurugueia & ! ,rio ,p>anahyba %[s ?is area to h be5 cont9u\s ) ! bas9 9 :i* ! ,amazonian drift 0 deposit$2 & ! simil>ity ( _! zological features is b ano!r evid5ce1 f an entirely diff]5t s\rce1 ( ! ext5sive d5udations :i* h isolat$ ^! regions f "o ano!r by remov+ ! tracts :i* =m]ly made !m a unit4 ,f ,!rez9a ,mr4 ,/4 ,john proce$$ to ,caxias1 & f9ally arriv$ 9 ,m>anham1 by ! way ( ! ,rio ,itapicur1 on ! #h? ,janu>y1 #ahff2 hav+ complet$ a j\rney ( m ?an sev5 hundr$ leagues 9 sev5 mon?s1 ov] a r\te ! great] "p ( :i* _h nev] be5 exam9$ f a zological or geological po9t ( view4 ,8 collections1 ?\gh necess>ily limit$ by ! difficulty ( transport & ! insuffici5t provision ( alcohol1 7 v valuable1 & arriv$ at _! de/9ation 9 good condition4 ,( 8 geological obs]vations ,i h said little2 b x is f him ,i h obta9$ ! data :i* h enabl$ me to comp>e ! bas9 ( ,piauhy ) t ( ! ,amazons4 ,he made c>eful geological surveys :]ev] he 0 able to d s1 & has record$ ! result ( 8 obs]vations 9 a mann] :i* %[s t he nev] lo/ sight ( ! g5]al relations betwe5 ! great /ructural features ( ! c\ntry ?r\gh :i* he pass$4 ,at ,m>anham1 ! int]mitt5t fev]1 "u :i* ,mr4 ,/4 ,john _h be5 suff]+ dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8 j\rney1 culm9at$ 9 a sev]e illness1 f :i* he recov]$ "u ! c>e ( ,dr4 ,braga1 :o took him into 8 own h\se1 & did n all[ him to leave 8 ro( until he 0 re/or$ to heal?4 ,f ,m>anham ,mr4 ,/4 ,john jo9$ me at ,p>1 :]e ,i _h an opportunity ( comp>+ notes ) him on ! spot4 ,dur+ ! fir/ two mon?s ( 8 /ay 9 ,rio de ,janeiro1 ,mr4 ,h>tt 0 *iefly occupi$ ) ,mr4 ,/4 ,john 9 exam9+ sections ( ! ,dom ,p$ro ,railroad1 ( :i* he prep>$ a v cle> & c>eful geological survey1 ) ample illu/rations4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,june1 #ahfe1 he left ! city to explore ! coa/ betwe5 ! ,rio ,p>ahyba d ,sul & ,bahia2 be+ accompani$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,copel&1 "o ( our volunte]s1 :o gave him v effici5t assi/ance 9 collect+1 dur+ ! :ole "t !y rema9$ toge!r4 ,at ,campos1 on ! ,rio ,p>ahyba1 !y obta9$ a l>ge numb] ( fi%es1 beside o!r specim5s4 ,f t po9t !y w5t up ! ,rio ,muriahy = "s di/ance1 & !n1 return+ to ,campos1 asc5d$ ! ,rio ,p>ahyba to ,san ,fidelis1 :]e !y aga9 add$ l>gely to _! collections4 ,tak+ mules at ,san ,fidelis1 !y trav]s$ ! =e/ nor?w>d to ,bom-,jesu1 on ! ,rio ,itabapuana1 & !n desc5d$ t riv]1 /opp+ to collect at ,porto da ,limeira & at ! ,b>ra4 ,!nce !y foll[$ ! coa/ to ,victoria2 & x 0 _! int5tion to h proce$$ nor?w>d to ! ,rio ,doce1 b1 = want ( mules & money 7_! supplies hav+ giv5 out71 !y 7 oblig$ to make ,nova ,almeida1 _! f>!/ po9t4 ,!nce !y return$ by way ( ,victoria to ,rio de ,janeiro 9 a sail+-vessel4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is j\rney !y obta9$ valuable collections bo? on ! ,rio ,itapemrim & at ,gu>ap>y4 ,mr4 ,h>tt also made a c>eful /udy ( ! geology ( ! coa/1 ! result ( :i* =ms an int]e/+ portion ( 8 report4 ,on _! return to ,rio1 ,mr4 ,h>tt & ,mr4 ,copel& 7 deta9$ = "s "t by ! failure ( a /eam]4 ,!y occupi$ !mselves 9 ! mean :ile 9 v>i\s "w = ! exp$ition1 mak+ excursions 9 ! vic9ity1 & collect+ 9 ! h>bor ( ,rio4 ,disappo9t$ 9 ! /eam]1 !y />t$ on bo>d a sail+-vessel1 & _h a sl[ & t$i\s voyage to ,san ,ma!os1 collect+ on _! way :]ev] ! /opp+ ( ! vessel enabl$ !m to d s4 ,nei!r did ,mr4 ,h>tt neglect1 on e su* occasion1 to exam9e ! coa/1 & ! ph5om5a connect$ ) its g5]al rise1 ( :i* he obta9$ unque/ionable evid5ce4 ,f ,san ,ma!os1 :]e !y made consid]able collections1 !y took conveyance to ! ,rio ,doce1 & asc5d$ ?is riv] = n9ety miles to ! fir/ fall1 ,porto de ,s\za4 ,desc5d+ its c\rse aga9 to ,l9h>es1 !y explor$ ! riv] & lake ( ,jup>ana1 & !n return$ to ,san ,ma!os2 mak+ l>ge m>9e collections at ,b>ra ,secca1 half-way betwe5 ! ,rio ,doce & ,san ,ma!os4 ,!nce !y proce$$ to ! ,rio ,mucury1 /opp+ a few days at its m\? to collect1 & !n asc5d+ ! riv] to ,santa ,cl>a4 ,"h ,mr4 ,copel& rema9$1 & secur$ a f9e collection ( fi%es2 :ile ,mr4 ,h>tt cross$ ov] ! riv] ,p]uhype to ! ,colonia ,leopold9a4 ,on 8 return he 0 deta9$ = "s days by illness1 b 0 soon able to resume 8 j\rney2 & he & ,mr4 ,copel& !n w5t on ) ,mr4 ,s*eb]#ajh to ,philadelphia1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,m9as ,g]aes1 collect+ on ! way at ! ,rio ,urucu1 & aft]w>ds at ,philadelphia4 ,along ! coa/1 & inde$ ?r\gh\t 8 :ole j\rney1 ,mr4 ,h>tt cont9u$ 8 geological obs]vations1 :i* he c>efully record$4 ,f ,philadelphia he & 8 companion proce$$ by l& to ,calho1 on ! ,rio ,arassuahy2 mak+ a det\r f ,alah to ,alto dos ,bois1 9 ord] to /udy ! drift & ! geological /ructure ( ! elevat$ ,*apadas4 ,at ,calho !y also made good collections ( fi%es4 ,return+ to ,calho f a visit to ,m9as ,novas & a /udy ( its gold-m9es1 ,mr4 ,h>tt desc5d$ ! ,rio ,jequit9honha ?ree hundr$ & sixty miles to ! sea4 ,mr4 ,copel& _h prec$$ him 9 ord] to make an excursion to ,c>avellas2 & !y met aga9 at ,cannavieiras4 ,at ,cannavieiras !y made good collections1 & !n asc5d$ ! ,rio ,p>do to its fir/ fall1 fi%+ & geologiz+ along _! r\te4 ,!y visit$ also ,belmonte1 & !n w5t s\?w>d to ,porto ,seguro1 :]e !y /ay$ = sev]al days1 collect+ corals & m>9e inv]tebrates4 ,"h1 z at sev]al o!r po9ts along ! coa/1 ,mr4 ,h>tt made a c>eful exam9ation ( ! /one-reefs4 ,8 rese>*es on ^! 8recifes10 :i* con/itute s rem>kable a feature along ! ,atlantic coa/ ( ,brazil1 are exce$+ly int]e/+2 & ,i d n "k t any geologi/ has made a m c>eful & connect$ exam9ation ( !m4 ,he believes !m to be =m$ by ! solidification ( bea* ridges2 ! l[] "p ( :i* be+ cem5t$ by ! lime dissolv$ f ! %ells conta9$ 9 !m rema9s intact1 :ile ! upp] portion 0 c>ri$ (f by /orms2 ?us leav+ a solid wall runn+ along ! coa/1 brok5 ?r\gh "h & !re1 & divid$ f ! l& by a n>r[ *annel4 ,he /udi$ ! coa/ reefs bo? at ,santa ,cruz & at ,porto ,seguro1 & asc]ta9$ _! s\?w>d ext5sion to ! ,abrolhos4 ,f ,porto ,seguro ,messrs4 ,h>tt & ,copel& w5t nor?w>d to ,bahia1 t\*+ at sev]al po9ts along ! coa/1 & !nce return$ to ,rio de ,janeiro1 :5ce we sail$ toge!r = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! mon? ( ,july1 #ahff4 ----- ,footnote #ajh3 ,?is g5tleman1 :o is ?or\ghly famili> ) ! :ole c\ntry1 0 untir+ 9 8 att5tions to ,messrs4 ,h>tt & ,copel&1 & gave !m1 s f> z he c\ld1 e facility = _! rese>*es4 ,cambridge3 ,/]eotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,wel*1 ,bigel[1 ,co4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes #a4 ,sil5tly correct$ typographical errors4 #b4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic & non-/&>d spell+s z pr9t$4 #c4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4