,*ess ,/rategy by ,edw>d ,lask] ,translat$ by ,j4 du ,mont ,,in=mation ,,ab\t ,,?is ,e-,,text ,,edition ,! foll[+ is an e-text ( 8,*ess ,/rategy10 second edition1 7#aiae7 by ,edw>d ,lask]1 translat$ by ,j4 ,du ,mont4 ,?is e-text conta9s ! #afg *ess & *eck]s bo>d game diagrams appe>+ 9 ! orig9al book1 all 9 ! =m ( ,,ascii l9e draw+s4 ,! foll[+ is a key to ! diagrams3 ,= *ess pieces1 ,r ,rook ,kt ,knight ,b ,bi%op ,q ,que5 ,k ,k+ ,p ,pawn ,black pieces h a symbol to ! left ( !m1 :ile :ite pieces h a symbol to ! left ( !m4 ,= example1 ,b is ! ,black bi%op1 :ile ,b is ! :ite bi%op4 ,kt is ! black knight1 :ile ,kt is ! :ite knight4 ,?is w let ! read] in/antly tell by sight :i* pieces 9 ! ,,ascii *ess diagrams are black & :i* are :ite4 ,^? :o f9d ^! diagrams h>d to read %\ld feel free to set up !m up on a game bo>d us+ ! actual pieces4 ,,cont5ts ,,translator',s ,,preface ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,,"p ,i ,i4 ,,introductory ,i4 ,rules ( ! ,game ,,ii4 ,notation ,,ii4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,beg9n]s ,elem5t>y ,comb9ations ,simple ,calculation ,complications ,,iii4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,*ess ,,/rategy ,introductory ,balance ( ,attack & ,def5ce ,mobility ,,iv4 ,,! ,,op5+ ,developm5t ( ! ,pieces ,on ,los+ ,moves ,examples ( ,practical ,play ,pawn ,play ,pawn ,skeleton ,! ,c5tre ,a4 ,k+'s ,pawn ,games ,b4 ,que5's ,pawn ,games ,c4 ,irregul> ,op5+s ,v4 ,,! ,,end-,,game ,end-games ) ,pieces ,pawn ,end+s ,mix$ ,end+s ,,end-,,games ,,f ,,ma/]-,,play ,tei*mann-,blackburne 7,b]l91 #ahig7 ,ed4 ,lask]-,rotlewi 7,hamburg1 #aiaj7 ,blackburne-,s*le*t] 7,vi5na1 #ahih7 ,bird-,jan[ski 7,ha/+s1 #ahie7 ,/e9]-,=gacz 7,szekesfeh]v>1 #aijg7 ,*>\sek-,he9ri*s5 7,cologne1 #ahih7 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,middle ,,game ,g5]al ,rem>ks ,evolution ( ! ,pawn ,skeleton ,objects ( ,attack 8,backw>d0 ,pawns ,on ,fix+ a ,weakness ,weaknesses 9 a ,pawn ,position ,break+ up ! ,k+'s ,side ,d\bl$ ,pawns ,illu/rations-- v4 ,s*eve-,tei*mann 7,b]l91 #aijg7 ,m>%all-,burn 7,o/5d1 #aijg7 ,manoeuvres ( ! ,pieces ,op5 ,files & ,diagonals ,example-- ,fr$4 ,laz>d-,ed4 ,lask] 7,p>is1 #aiad7 ,,"p ,,ii ,,illu/rative ,,games ,,f ,,ma/] ,,t\rnam5ts #a4 ,t>tak[]-,burn 7,c>lsbad1 #aiaa7 #b4 ,leonh>dt-,m>%all 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 #c4 ,spielmann-,prokes 7,prag1 #aijh7 #d4 ,t>ras*-,capablanca 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 #d;a4 ,h[ell-,mi*ell 7,cable ,mat*1 #aijg7 #d;b4 ,x4 v4 ,y #e4 ,griffi?-,gun/on 7,london1 #aijb7 #f4 ,mason-,gunsb]g 7,new ,york1 #ahhi7 #g4 ,m>%all-,t>ras* 7,hamburg1 #aiaj7 #h4 ,blackburne-,em4 ,lask] 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 #i4 ,salwe-,m>%all 7,vi5na1 #aijh7 #aj4 ,tei*mann-,amateurs 7,glasg[1 #aijb7 #aa4 ,s*le*t]-,jan[ski 7,p>is1 #aijj7 #ab4 ,tei*mann-,rub9/e9 7,c>lsbad1 #aiaa7 #ac4 ,tei*mann-,s*le*t] 7,c>lsbad1 #aiaa7 #ad4 ,spielmann-,t>ras* 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiab7 #ae4 ,alje*9-,niemz[its* 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 #af4 ,yates-,gunsb]g 7,*e/]1 #aiad7 #ag4 ,b]l9-,riga 7#aijh-aiji7 #ag;a4 ,m>oczy-,b]g] 7,vi5na1 #aijh7 #ah4 ,em4 ,lask]-,capablanca 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 #ai4 ,ed4 ,lask]-,jan[ski 7,s*ev5+51 #aiac7 #bj4 ,ed4 ,lask]-,englund 7,s*ev5+51 #aiac7 #ba4 ,ed4 ,lask]-,alje*9 7,s*ev5+51 #aiac7 #bb4 ,=gacz-,t>tak[] 7,petrograd1 #aiji7 #bc4 ,yates-,ess] 7,anglo-,dut* ,mat*1 #aiad7 #bd4 ,atk9s-,b>ry 7,cable ,mat*1 #aiaj7 #be4 ,em4 ,lask]-,t>ras* 7,muni*1 #aijh7 #bf4 ,capablanca-,blanco 7,havanna1 #aiac7 #bg4 ,niemz[its*-,t>ras* 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiab7 #bh4 ,alap9-,rub9/e9 7,wilna1 #aiab7 #bi4 ,tei*mann-,spielmann 7,leipzig1 #aiad7 #cj4 ,t>ras*-,spielmann 7,mannheim1 #aiad7 #ca4 ,john-,jan[ski 7,mannheim1 #aiad7 #cb4 ,ed4 ,laskcr-,mieses 7,s*ev5+51 #aiac7 #cc4 ,b>asz-,mieses 7,breslau1 #ajab7 #cd4 ,em4 ,lask]-,niemz[its* 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 #ce4 ,reti-,t>tak[] 7,vi5na1 #aiaj7 #cf4 ,=gacz-,e4 ,cohn 7,petrograd1 #aiji7 #cg4 ,m>%all-,capablanca 7,new ,york1 #aiji7 #ch4 ,rotlewi-,tei*mann 7,c>lsbad1 #aiaa7 #ch;a4 ,rub9/e9-,tei*mann 7,vi5na1 #aijh7 #ci4 ,rotlewi-,rub9/e9 7,lodz1 #aijg7 #dj4 ,rub9/e9-,capablanca 7,san ,seba/ian1 #aiaa7 #da4 ,niemz[its*-,t>ras* 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 #da;a4 ,em4 ,lask]-,bau] 7,am/]dam1 #ahhi7 #db4 ,capablanca-,alje*9 7,petrograd1 #aiac7 #dc4 ,capablanca-,b]n/e9 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 #dd4 ,dus ,*otimirski-,vidm> 7,c>lsbad1 #aiaa7 #de4 ,rub9/e9-,spielmann 7,pi/yan1 #aiab7 #df4 ,?omas-,ed4 ,lask] 7,london1 #aiab7 #dg4 ,t>tak[]-,asztalos 7,budape/1 #aiac7 #dg;a4 ,t>tak[]-,spielmann 7,vi5na1 #aiac7 #dg;b4 ,x v4 ,y #dh4 ,blackburne-,niemz[its* 7,petrograd1 #aiad7 ,,table ,,( ,,op5+s ,a4 ,k+'s ,pawn ,games ,b4 ,que5's ,pawn ,games ,c4 ,irregul> ,op5+s ,,translator',s ,,preface ,z ! fir/ edition ( ,edw>d ,lask]'s ,*ess ,/rategy 0 exhau/$ )9 a comp>atively %ort "t ( its appe>ance1 ! au?or set himself ! task ( alt]+ & improv+ ! "w to su* an ext5t t x became to all int5ts & purposes a new book4 ,i _h ! privilege ( co-op]at+ ) him to a slight degree on t second edition1 & 0 9 consequ5ce able to appreciate ! trem5d\s am\nt ( "w he volunt>ily took ^u himself to d2 ,i say volunt>ily1 because 8 publi%]s1 anxi\s to supply ! /rong dem& = ! book1 wi%$ to repr9t x z x /ood4 ,a little lat] ,i und]took to translate ?is second edition into ,engli% = ,messrs4 ,bell ,sons4 ,only a few mon?s _h elaps$1 ! t\rnam5ts at ,petrograd1 ,*e/]1 & ,mannheim _h tak5 place1 sev]al new discov]ies _h be5 made1 & x is ! greate/ te/imony to ,edw>d ,lask]'s indefatigable devotion to ! ,art ( ,*ess t ,i am able to say t ?is is n a translation ( ! second edition1 b ( :at is practically a new book4 ,x conta9s a new preface1 a *apt] = beg9n]s1 a new introduction1 new v>iations4 ,fur!rmore1 a l>ge numb] ( new games h tak5 ! place ( old ones4 ,i h no d\bt t any *ess play] :o w take ! tr\ble to /udy ,*ess ,/rategy w sp5d _m a pleasurable h\r4 ,incid5tally new vi/as w be op5$ to him1 & 8 play+ /r5g? increas$ to a surpris+ degree4 ,! au?or says 9 8 preface t he appeals to ! intellig5ce & n ! memory ( 8 read]s4 ,9 my op9ion1 too1 ! /ud5t %\ld above all try to improve 8 judgm5t ( position4 ,?an ! play+ ov] ( games conte/$ by exp]ts ,i c h>dly imag9e a great] or pur] =m ( enjoym5t4 ,yet ,i mu/ at ! outset s\nd a note ( w>n+ aga9/ its be+ done sup]ficially1 & ) a fev]i% expectation ( some?+ happ5+4 ,e move or comb9ation ( moves %\ld be c>efully weigh$1 & ! /ud5t %\ld draw 8 own conclusions & comp>e !m ) :at actually happ5s 9 ! game "u exam9ation4 ,?is applies p>ticul>ly to "s ( ! critical positions set out 9 diagrams 9 ! c\rse ( ! exposition ( ! sev]al games4 ,! read] w\ld d]ive ! greate/ possible b5efit f a prolong$ /udy ( su* positions be=e seek+ to "k h[ ! games proce$4 ,aft] hav+ =m$ 8 own op9ion ab\t ! m]its ( a p>ticul> position1 he %\ld comp>e ! result ) ! sequel 9 ! game 9 "q1 & ?us f9d out :]e 8 judgm5t has be5 at fault4 ,! deep] /udy ( ! !ory ( ! op5+s is ( c\rse a necessity to ! /ud5t :o wi%es to become an exp]t1 b ! developm5t ( 8 judgm5t mu/ prec$e x4 ,to him ,griffi? ,:ite's admirable book1 ,mod]n ,*ess ,op5+s1 w be a p]fect m9e ( in=mation4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( v>iations1 & 9 mo/ ( !m ! actual game 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ tri$ by ma/]s is nam$1 ?us add+ to ! int]e/ & value ( ! "w4 ,i mu/ n omit to m5tion ! invaluable help af=d$ me by my fri5d ,mr4 ,john ,h>t1 to :om my w>me/ ?anks are due4 ,,julius ,,du ,,mont4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,! l>ge majority ( *ess play]s :o w\ld l to improve _! game1 h n ! necess>y opportunity ( pitt+ !mselves aga9/ play]s ( ma/]-/r5g?1 or at lea/ ( obta9+ ! desir$ in/ruction f p]sonal int]c\rse ) !m4 ,x is = su* play]s t ! pres5t "w is int5d$4 ,! books on :i* ! le>n] has to rely h>dly ev] s]ve 8 purpose1 be+ mo/ly little m ?an a disjo9t$ tabulation ( numb]less op5+ v>iations1 :i* _c be und]/ood )\t prelim9>y /udies1 & consequ5tly only make = confusion4 ,9 ! end ! connection betwe5 ! v>i\s l9es ( play may become cle>1 aft] ! /ud5t has made an exhau/ive /udy ( ! subject1 b v few w\ld h ei!r ! "t or ! incl9ation = su* prolong$ lab\r4 ,!re=e ano!r %ort] & less empirical way mu/ be f\nd 9 :i* to acquire ! und]/&+ ( s\nd play4 ,my sy/em ( tea*+ diff]s f ! usual ones1 9 t x sets d[n at ! outset def9ite elem5t>y pr9ciples ( *ess /rategy by :i* any move c be gaug$ at its true value1 ?us enabl+ ! le>n] to =m 8 own judgm5t z to ! manuvres "u consid]ation4 ,9 my op9ion x is absolutely ess5tial to foll[ su* /rategical pr9ciples1 & ,i g s f> z to ass]t t su* pr9ciples are 9 !mselves suffici5t = ! developm5t & conduct ( a correct game ( *ess4 ,ev5 ?\gh in/ruction 9 *ess is possible on v g5]al l9es alone1 yet ,i ?9k x advisable & inde$ necess>y to expla9 ! application ( su* pr9ciples to ! v>i\s phases ( ea* game ( *ess4 ,o!rwise ! le>n] might unduly delay 8 progress1 & lose valuable "t 9 f9d+ out = himself c]ta9 ess5tials t c\ld m pr(itably be po9t$ out to him4 ,) reg>d to ! way 9 :i* ,i h arrang$ my subject & ! =m ( its exposition 9 detail1 ,i h ?\ght out ! foll[+ plan4 ,aft] discuss+ at l5g? ! lead+ pr9ciples und]ly+ s\nd play1 ,i h fir/ treat$ ( ! op5+s1 9 :i* su* pr9ciples are ( ev5 m decid+ influ5ce ?an 9 any o!r /age ( ! game1 z f> z c\ld be done on broad l9es )\t hav+ to pay att5tion to middle & end-game consid]ations4 ,i proce$$ z foll[s1 by tak+ z my />t+-po9t ! 8pawn skeleton0 :i* is =m$ 9 ! op5+1 & r\nd :i* ! pieces %\ld gr\p !mselves 9 logical fa%ion4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ! pawns hav+ s little mobility1 ?is 8pawn skeleton0 (t5 pres]ves its %ape "r into ! end-game4 ,apply+ ! g5]al /rategical pr9ciples to ! =mation ( ! pawn skeleton1 ! le>n] acquires ! und]/&+ ( ! lead+ idea und]ly+ ea* op5+ )\t hav+ to burd5 8 memory4 ,n only t1 he w also be able to f9d a correct plan ( developm5t :5 confront$ ) unusual =ms ( op5+4 ,! mo/ important result ( ?is sy/em ( tea*+ is t ! le>n] does n lose 8 way 9 a maze ( detail1 b has 9 view at ! v outset1 ! goal :i* ! _m possible v>iations ( ! op5+s are int5d$ to rea*4 ,be=e ,i c\ld proce$ to ! discussion ( ! middle game1 ,i f\nd x necess>y to treat ( ! pr9ciples gov]n+ ! end-game4 ,= 9 mo/ cases play 9 ! middle game is influ5c$ by end-game consid]ations4 ,"h also x has be5 my endeav\r z f> z possible to r$uce my subject to su* pr9ciples z are g5]ally applicable4 ,f9ally1 z reg>ds ! middle game1 to :i* ! :ole ( ,"p ,,ii is devot$1 ,i h aga9 made ! h&l+ ( pawns1 ! h>de/ ( all problems ( /rategy1 ! />t+-po9t = my delib]ations4 ,i h %[n at l5g? h[ ! v>i\s plans initiat$ by ! v>i\s op5+s %\ld be develop$ fur!r4 ,to ensure a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! middle game1 ,i h giv5 a l>ge numb] ( games tak5 f ma/] play1 ) num]\s & ext5sive notes4 ,?us ! /ud5t has n to rely only on examples tak5 haphaz>d f _! context1 b he w at ! same "t see h[ middle-game positions1 :i* give opportunities = special =ms ( attack1 are evolv$ f ! op5+4 ,x has be5 my desire to make ! subject easily und]/&able & at ! same "t ent]ta9+1 & to appeal less to ! memory ( my read]s ?an to _! common s5se & intellig5ce4 ,i hope 9 t way n to h /ray$ too f> f ! ideal ,i _h 9 m9d :5 writ+ ?is book1 namely1 to apply to *ess ! only me?od ( tea*+ :i* has prov$ productive 9 all bran*es ( sci5ce & art1 t is1 ! education ( individual ?\ght4 ,if ,i h succe$$ 9 ?is1 ,i %all h ! satisfaction ( hav+ contribut$ a little to ! fur!r+1 9 ! wide circles 9 :i* x is play$1 ( ! game :i* und\bt$ly makes ! /ronge/ appeal to ! intellect4 ,,edw>d ,,lask]4 ,,"p ,i ,,*apt] ,i ,,introductory ,i4 ,,rules ,,( ,,! ,,game ,a ,,game ( *ess is play$ by two oppon5ts on a squ>e bo>d consi/+ ( sixty-f\r ,:ite & ,black squ>es arrang$ alt]nately4 ,! =ces on ea* side comprise sixte5 units1 namely a ,k+1 a ,que51 two ,rooks1 two ,bi%ops1 two ,knights1 & eight ,pawns4 ,all units move accord+ to diff]5t laws1 & ! diff]5ce 9 _! mobility is ! crit]ion ( _! relative value & ( ! fight+ p[] !y contribute t[>ds a*iev+ ! ultimate aim1 namely1 ! capture ( ! oppos+ ,k+4 ,be=e ,i c expla9 :at is meant by ! capture ( ! ,k+1 ,i mu/ set out ! rules ( ! game 9 full4 ,diagram #a %[s ! position ! =ces take up = ! conte/4 ,! bo>d is s plac$ t !re is a :ite squ>e at ! top left-h& corn]4 ,! ,rooks take up _! positions at ! corn] squ>es1 & next to !m ! ,knights4 ,next to ^? aga9 are ! ,bi%ops1 & 9 ! c5tre ! ,k+ & ,que51 ! ,:ite ,que5 on a ,:ite squ>e1 & ! ,black ,que5 on a ,black squ>e4 ,! eight pawns occupy ! ranks imm$iately 9 front ( ! pieces4 ,f ?is initial position1 ,:ite beg9s ! game 9 :i* ! play]s mu/ move alt]nately4 ,! pieces move 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,! ,rook c move f any squ>e x happ5s to be on1 to any o!r squ>e :i* x c rea* 9 a /raight l9e1 ei!r p]p5dicul>ly or horizontally1 unless !re is ano!r piece ( ! same col\r 9 ! way1 9 :i* case x c only move z f> z ! squ>e imm$iately 9 front ( t piece4 ,if x is an oppos+ piece :i* blocks ! way1 he c move on to ! squ>e t piece occupies1 !reby captur+ x4 ,! piece ?us captur$ is remov$ f ! bo>d4 ,! ,bi%op c op]ate along ei!r ( ! diagonals ( :i* ! squ>e on :i* he is /&+ =ms "p4 ,a ,bi%op on a ,:ite squ>e c !re=e nev] get on to a ,black "o4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- a b c d e f g h ,,diag4 #a4 ,! ,que5 comm&s bo? ! /raight & ! oblique l9es :i* />t f ! squ>e %e /&s on1 & !re=e unites ! p[] ( bo? ,rook & ,bi%op 9 h] movem5ts4 ,! ,k+ has simil> p[]s to ! ,que51 b curtail$1 inasmu* z he c only move "o /ep at a "t4 ,he !re=e only controls "o neighb\r+ squ>e 9 any direction4 ,! ,knight plays & captures alt]nately on ,:ite & ,black squ>es1 & only rea*es su* squ>es z are ne>e/ to him )\t be+ imm$iately adjac5t2 8 move is z x 7 compos$ ( two /eps1 "o squ>e 9 a /raight l9e1 & "o 9 an oblique direction4 ,diagram #b w illu/rate ?is4#a ,i %\ld l to quote my fri5d ,mr4 ,john ,h>t's clev] def9ition ( ! ,knight's move1 ?\gh x may n be new4 ,if "o conceives a ,knight z /&+ on a corn] squ>e ( a rectangle ?ree squ>es by two1 he is able to move into ! corn] diagonally opposite4 ,! pawns only move /raight =w>d1 "o squ>e at a "t1 except at _! fir/ move1 :5 !y h ! option ( mov+ two squ>es4 ,9 contra/ to ! pieces1 ! pawns d n capture 9 ! way !y move4 ,!y move /raight =w>d1 b !y capture diagonally to ! "r & left1 aga9 only "o squ>e1 & only =w>d4 ,!re=e a pawn c only capture su* pieces or pawns z occupy squ>es ( ! same col\r z ! squ>e on :i* x /&s4 ,if1 9 mov+ two squ>es1 a pawn trav]ses a squ>e on :i* x c\ld h be5 captur$ by a ho/ile pawn1 t pawn has ! "r to capture x1 z if x _h mov$ only "o squ>e4 ,?is is call$ captur+ en passant4 ,h[ev]1 ?is capture c only be effect$ on ! v next move1 o!rwise ! privilege ( captur+ en passant is lo/4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f 99 99 --------------------------------------- #e 99 99 --------------------------------------- #d ,kt --------------------------------------- #c 99 99 --------------------------------------- #b 99 99 --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #b4 ,if a play] succe$s 9 rea*+ ! eigh? rank ) "o ( 8 pawns he is entitl$ to call = any piece ( high] grade1 ) ! exception ( ! ,k+1 9 place ( su* pawn4 ,ea* move 9 a game ( *ess consi/s ( ! displacem5t ( "o piece only1 ) ! exception ( :at is t]m$ 8ca/l+10 9 :i* ! ,k+ & ei!r ,rook c be mov$ simultane\sly by ei!r play] once 9 a game4 ,9 ca/l+1 ! ,k+ moves sideways to ! next squ>e b "o1 & ! ,rook to :i* ! ,k+ is mov$ is plac$ on ! squ>e :i* ! ,k+ has skipp$ ov]4 ,ca/l+ is only all[$ if nei!r ! ,k+ nor ! ,rook conc]n$ h mov$ be=e1 & if !re is no piece betwe5 ! ,rook & ,k+4 ,diagram #c %[s a position 9 :i* ,:ite has ca/l$ on ! ,que5's side1 & ,black on ! ,k+'s side4 ,ca/l+ is n p]mitt$ if ! ,k+ 9 ca/l+ mu/ pass ov] a squ>e attack$ by a ho/ile piece4 ,a squ>e 7or a piece7 is said to be 8attack$0 :5 ! squ>e 7or ! piece7 is 9 ! l9e ( action ( a ho/ile unit4 ,a squ>e 7or a piece7 is said to be cov]$ or protect$ if an oppos+ piece occupy+ t squ>e 7or captur+ ! piece7 c\ld itself be captur$4 ,:5 attack+ ! ,k+ x is cu/om>y to call 8*eck10 to notify ! oppon5t ( ! fact2 = ! attack on ! ,k+ --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #c4 mu/ be met 9 "s way or o!r4 ,?is c be done by captur+ ! attack] or by int]pos+ a piece 7?is is n possible 9 case ( attack by a ,knight or a pawn71 or la/ly by mov+ ! ,k+ to a squ>e :i* is n attack$4 ,! latt] mu/ n be done by ca/l+4 ,if x is impossible by any ( ! ?ree me?ods above m5tion$ to avoid ! attack ^u ! ,k+1 ! ,k+ is said to be *eckmat$1 & ! game is end$4 ,if a ,k+ is unable to move1 ?\gh n attack$1 & none ( 8 rema9+ pieces c move1 ! ,k+ is said to be /ale-mat$1 & ! game is drawn4 ,a game is also drawn :5 nei!r side has suffici5t mat]ial left to en=ce a mate4 7,comp>e page #fc47 ,if a play] resigns 8 game be=e he is actually mat$1 he ackn[l$ges t 9 ! end mate is unavoidable1 & ! game is c\nt$ z a loss to him4 ,a game is null & void if x is %[n t a mi/ake 0 made 9 sett+ ! bo>d or m54 ,! same applies :5 9 ! c\rse ( ! game ! position & numb] ( pieces h be5 alt]$ 9 a mann] n 9 accordance ) ! prop] c\rse ( play1 & ! latt] _c be re-con/ruct$ f ! po9t :]e ! error 0 made4 ,if a play] hav+ ! move t\*es "o ( 8 pieces he is "u compulsion to move x2 if he t\*es a ho/ile piece he mu/ capture x1 provid$ t ! piece c be prop]ly mov$ or captur$ 9 ei!r case4 ,?is rule is ( no effect if ! piece s t\*$ _c be mov$ or captur$1 z ! case may be4 ,s long z ! h& has n left ! piece to be mov$1 ! latt] c be plac$ on any accessible squ>e4 ,if a play] t\*es a piece ) ! sole object ( adju/+ its position1 he mu/ apprise 8 oppon5t ( 8 int5tion by say+ 8,j'ad\be0 be=eh&4 ,x is be/ to move ! ,k+ fir/ :5 ca/l+4 ,if ! ,rook is mov$ fir/1 & unless ! ,k+ is play$ almo/ simultane\sly1 a d\bt might arise :e!r ca/l+ or a ,rook's move only 0 int5d$4 ,if a play] has ca/l$ illegally1 ,rook & ,k+ mu/ be mov$ back1 & ! ,k+ mu/ make ano!r move1 if !re is a legal "o4 ,if n1 any o!r move c be play$4 ,a play] :o makes an illegal move ) a piece mu/ retract t move1 & make ano!r "o if possible ) ! same piece4 ,if ! mi/ake is only notic$ lat] on1 ! game %\ld be re/>t$ f ! position 9 :i* ! error occurr$4 ,,ii4 ,,notation ,a special notation has be5 adopt$ to make ! /udy ( games & positions possible1 & x is necess>y = /ud5ts ( ! game to become ?or\ghly conv]sant ) x4 ,! orig9al & e>lie/ notation is /ill 9 use 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani% speak+ c\ntries4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! orig9al position 9 ! game1 9 t ! squ>es take ! names ( ! pieces :i* occupy !m4 ,?us ! corn] squ>es are call$ ,r #a 7,rook's squ>e or ,rook's fir/71 & to di/+ui% !m f "o ano!r ,,qr#a or ,,kr #a 7,que5's or ,k+'s ,rook's squ>e74 ,! squ>es imm$iately 9 front are call$ ,,qr#b or ,,kr#b4 ,a di/9ction is made betwe5 ,:ite & ,black1 & ,:ite's ,r #a is ,black's ,r #h1 ,black's ,r #b is ,:ite's ,r #g1 ,:ite's ,k ,b #c is ,black's ,,kb#f1 & s on4 ,k /&s = ,k+2 ,q = ,que52 ,b = ,bi%op2 ,kt = ,knight2 ,r = ,rook2 & ,p = ,pawn4 ,9 describ+ a capture1 only ! captur+ & ! captur$ pieces are m5tion$1 & n ! squ>es4 ,:5 confusion is possible1 x is cu/om>y to add :e!r ,k+'s side or ,que5's side pieces are conc]n$1 e4g4 ,,kr,q ,kt4 ,9 ?is notation x is necess>y to be> 9 m9d :i* ,kt is ! ,q ,kt1 :i* ,r is ! ,,kr4 ,?is becomes increas+ly difficult z ! game goes on & pieces *ange _! places4 ,_m sets ( *essm5 h "o ,rook & "o ,knight /amp$ ) a special sign1 to %[ !y are ,k+'s side pieces4 ,?is is n necess>y 9 ! case ( ,bi%ops3 a :ite ,,kb is always on :ite squ>es1 a :ite ,,qb on black squ>es4 ,a m mod]n notation is ! algebraic notation1 :i* has be5 adopt$ 9 mo/ c\ntries4 ,x has ! advantage ( be+ unmi/akably cle>1 & also m concise4 ,"h ! p]p5dicul> l9es ( squ>es 7call$ files7 are nam$ ) ! lett]s a-h1 f left to "r1 always f ! po9t ( view ( ,:ite1 & ! horizontal l9es ( squ>es 7call$ ranks7 ) numb]s #a-h z be=e1 only ) ! di/9ction t ! rank on :i* ! ,:ite pieces /& is always call$ ! fir/2 ?us ! squ>e we nam$ ,:ite's ,,qb#b or ,black's ,,qb#g is n[ call$ c#b 9 bo? cases4 ,black's ,,qb#b 7,:ite's ,,qb#g7 is always c#g4 ,9 captur+1 ! squ>e on :i* ! capture takes place & n ! piece captur$ is not$1 = ! sake ( uni=mity4 ,9 ! case ( pawn moves1 ! squ>es only are not$4 ,o--,o /&s = ca/les on ! ,k+'s side2 ,o--,o--,o /&s = ca/les on ! ,que5's side2 3 or /&s = captures2 = *eck4 ,9 ! foll[+ op5+ moves1 bo? notations are us$ = ! purpose ( comp>ison3 #a4 ,p-,q #d ,p-,q#d #a4 d#d d#e #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,p-,k#c #b4 c#d e#f #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,p-,,qb#d #c4 ,ktc#c c#e #d4 ,p,,qp ,,kp,p #d4 cd3 ed3 #e4 ,p-,k#d ,,qp,p #e4 e#d de3 #f4 ,p-,q#e ,kt-,,kb#c #f4 d#e ,ktf#f #g4 ,b--,k,kt#e ,b-,k#b #g4 ,bg#e ,be#g #h4 ,k ,kt-,k#b ,ca/les #h4 ,ktge#b ,o--,o ,9 mo/ books 9 :i* ! algebraic notation is us$1 bo? squ>es ( a move are writt5 out = ! b5efit ( ! /ud5t4 ,! moves above w\ld !n look l ?is3 #a4 d#b-;d#d d#g-;d#e #b4 c#b-;c#d e#g-;e#f #c4 ,ktb#a-;c#c c#g-;c#e #d4 ,c#d d#e e#f;d#e #e4 e#b-;e#d d#e;e#d #f4 d#d-;d#e ,ktg#h-;f#f #g4 ,bc#a-;g#e ,bf#h-;e#g #h4 ,ktg#a-;e#b ,o--,o ,to conclude3 ,i w give ! d5om9ation ( ! pieces 9 v>i\s languages3 ,engli% 44444444444444 ,k ,q ,r ,b ,kt ,p ,ca/les ,fr5* 44444444444444 ,r ,d ,t ,f ,c ,p ,roq ,spani% 44444444444444 ,r ,d ,t ,a ,c ,p ,enrog ,g]man & ,au/rian 44 ,k ,d ,t ,l ,s ,o-,o 7,o7 ,italian 44444444444444 ,r ,d ,t ,a ,c ,o-,o 7,o7 ,russian 44444444444444 ,,kp ,f ,l ,c ,k ,o-,o 7,o7 ,dut* 4444444444444444 ,k ,d ,t ,l ,p ,o-,o 7,o7 ,sc&9avian 444444444 ,k ,d ,t ,l ,s ,o-,o 7,o7 ,bohemian 4444444444444 ,k ,d ,v ,s ,j ,o-,o 7,o7 ,hung>ian 444444444444 ,k ,v ,b ,f ,h ,o-,o 7,o7 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,h9ts ,,= ,,beg9n]s--,,elem5t>y ,,comb9ations ,,! m5tal developm5t ( ! *ess play] is a gradual /ruggle f a /ate ( *aos to a cle> conception ( ! game4 ,! p]iod requir$ = su* developm5t l>gely dep5ds ^u ! special gifts ! le>n] may possess1 b 9 ! ma9 ! "q ( me?ods pr$om9ates4 ,mo/ beg9n]s d n tr\ble v mu* ab\t any p>ticul> plan 9 _! /udy ( *ess1 b z soon z !y h le>nt ! moves1 ru% into ! turmoil ( practical play4 ,x is self-evid5t t _! prospects "u su* conditions _c be v bright4 ,! play ( a beg9n] is planless1 because he has too _m plans1 & ! capacity = subord9at+ all 8 comb9ations to "o lead+ idea is non- exi/5t4 ,yet x _c be d5i$ ^u inve/igation t a c]ta9 k9d ( me?od is to be f\nd 9 ! play ( all beg9n]s1 & seems to come to !m q naturally4 ,at fir/ ! pawns are pu%$ =w>d frantically1 because !re is no appreciation ( ! p[] & value ( ! pieces4 ,consci\s ( ! inf]iority ( ! pawns1 ! beg9n] does n conclude t x mu/ be advantage\s to employ ! great] p[] ( ! pieces1 b is *iefly conc]n$ ) attack+ ! oppos+ pieces ) 8 pawns 9 ! hope ( captur+ !m4 ,8 aim is n to develop 8 own =ces1 b to weak5 ^? ( 8 oppon5t4 ,8 comb9ations are made 9 ! hope t 8 adv]s>y may n see ?r\gh !m1 nor does he tr\ble mu* ab\t 8 oppon5t's int5tions4 ,:5 mo/ ( 8 pawns are gone1 !n only d 8 pieces get _! *ance4 ,he has a great lik+ = ! ,que5 & ! ,knight1 ! =m] because ( h] trem5d\s mobility1 ! latt] on acc\nt ( 8 peculi> /ep1 :i* seems p>ticul>ly adapt$ to take ! enemy by surprise4 ,:5 wat*+ beg9n]s y w frequ5tly obs]ve numb]less moves by a p]ipatetic ,que51 reckless incursions by a ,knight into ! enemy's camp1 & :5 ! o!r pieces jo9 9 ! fray1 comb9ation foll[s comb9ation 9 bewild]+ sequ5ce & fanta/ic *aos4 ,captures ( pieces are plann$1 mat+ nets are wov51 p]haps ) two pieces1 aga9/ a ,k+'s position1 :]e five pieces are available = def5ce4 ,?is un/ead9ess 9 ! fir/ *ildi% /ages ( developm5t makes x v difficult = ! beg9n] to get a g5]al view ( ! bo>d4 ,yet ! surprises :i* ea* move br+s af=d him great enjoym5t4 ,a few doz5 su* games are by no means wa/$4 ,aft] c]ta9 p>ticul> dispositions ( pieces h prov$ 8 undo+1 ! beg9n] w develop ! p]ception ( ?reats4 ,he sees dang]s "o or two moves ahead1 & !reby rea*es ! second /age 9 8 developm5t4 ,8 comb9ations w become m & m s\nd1 he w le>n to value 8 =ces m correctly1 & !re=e to husb& 8 pieces & ev5 8 pawns ) great] c>e4 ,9 ?is second /age 8 /r5g? w increase /eadily1 b1 & ?is is ! drawback1 only z f> z 8 p[] ( comb9ation is conc]n$4 ,unless a play] be exceptionally gift$1 he w only le>n aft] ye>s ( practice1 if at all1 :at may be t]m$ 8positional play40 ,= t1 x is necess>y to "k h[ to op5 a game s z to lay ! f\ndation = a fav\rable middle game1 & h[ to treat a middle game1 )\t los+ sight ( ! possibilities ( ! end-game4 ,x is hopeless to try to memorise ! v>i\s op5+s :i* analysis h prov$ correct1 = ?is empirical me?od fails z soon z ! oppon5t sw]ves f ! recognis$ l9es ( play4 ,"o mu/ le>n to recognise ! *>act]i/ics ( s\nd play4 ,!y apply to all & any position1 & ! und]ly+ pr9ciples mu/ be prop\nd$ 9 a mann] g5]ally applicable4 ,& ?is br+s me to ! sub/ance ( my subject1 r\nd :i* ,i w endeav\r to build up a sy/em compatible ) common s5se & logic4 ,be=e ,i proce$ to develop my !me1 ,i %all set d[n a numb] ( elem5t>y rules :i* w facilitate ! und]/&+ ( su* simple comb9ations z occur at e /ep 9 *ess4 ,if we ignore ! comp>atively small proportion ( games 9 :i* ! mat+ ( ! oppon5t's ,k+ is accompli%$ on a full bo>d1 we c describe a normal1 av]age game ( *ess 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,bo? sides w employ _! available =ces m or less advantage\sly to execute attack+ & def5sive manuvres :i* %\ld gradually lead to ex*anges4 ,if "o side or ! o!r em]ges f ! conflict ) "s mat]ial ga91 x w g5]ally be possible to =ce a mate 9 ! end-game1 :il/ if bo? sides h succe$$ by c>eful play to pres]ve equality ( mat]ial1 a draw w g5]ally ensue4 ,x w be f\nd a little lat] t a s+le pawn may suffice1 ) "s few exceptions1 to a*ieve a victory1 & we %all adopt ! foll[+ lead+ pr9ciple = all comb9ations1 viz4 loss ( mat]ial mu/ be avoid$1 ev5 if only a pawn4 ,x is a good habit to look ^u e pawn z a prospective ,que54 ,?is has a sob]+ influ5ce on premature & impetu\s plans ( attack4 ,on ! o!r h&1 victory is (t5 br\ght ab\t by a timely sacrifice ( mat]ial4 ,b 9 su* cases ! sacrific+ ( mat]ial has its comp5sation 9 "s p>ticul> advantage ( position4 ,z pr9ciples ( position are difficult = beg9n]s to grasp1 ,i propose to def] _! consid]ation = ! pres5t & to devote my att5tion fir/ to su* comb9ations z involve que/ions ( mat]ial4 ,let u ma/] a simple device t makes mo/ comb9ations easy bo? = attack & def5ce4 ,x am\nts m]ely to a matt] ( elem5t>y ari?metic1 & if ! beg9n] neglects x1 he w soon be at a mat]ial disadvantage4 ,diagram #d may s]ve z an example3 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,q ,kt ,r ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,q ,r ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #d4 ,x is ,black's move1 & we w suppose he wi%es to play ,p-,k#d4 ,a beg9n] w probably calculate ?us3 ,i pu% on my pawn1 he takes ) 8 pawn1 my ,knight takes1 s does 81 !n my ,bi%op takes1 & s on4 ,?is is q wrong1 & means wa/e ( "t & en]gy4 ,:5 ! beg9n] consid]s a ?ird or f\r? move 9 su* a comb9ation1 he w already h =gott5 :i* pieces he int5d$ to play 9 ! fir/ moves4 ,! calculation is p]fectly simple ^u ! foll[+ l9es3 ,i play ,p-,k#d1 !n my pawn is attack$ by a pawn & two ,knights1 a ,bi%op & two ,rooks1 six times 9 all4 ,x is support$ by a ,bi%op1 two ,knights1 two ,rooks & a ,que51 six times 9 all4 ,!re=e ,i c play ,p-,k#d1 provid$ ! six units captur$ at ,k#d are n ( great] value ?an ! six :ite units :i* are recaptur$4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance bo? sides lose a pawn1 two ,knights1 two ,rooks1 & a ,bi%op1 & !re is no mat]ial loss4 ,?is e/abli%$1 he c emb>k on ! advance ( ! ,,kp )\t any fe>4 ,!re=e3 9 any comb9ation :i* includes a numb] ( ex*anges on "o squ>e1 all y h to d is to c\nt ! numb] ( attack+ & def5d+ units1 & to comp>e _! relative values2 ! latt] mu/ nev] be =gott54 ,if ,black 7 to play ,ktx,p 9 ! foll[+ position1 because ! pawn at ,k #e is attack$ ?ree times1 & only support$ twice1 x w\ld be an obvi\s miscalculation1 = ! value ( ! def5d+ pieces is small]4#b #b ,x is difficult to comp>e ! relative value ( ! diff]5t pieces1 z s mu* dep5ds on ! peculi>ities ( ea* position1 b1 g5]ally speak+1 m9or pieces1 ,bi%op & ,knight1 are reckon$ z equal2 ! ,rook z equal to a m9or piece & "o or two pawns 7to h a ,rook aga9/ a m9or piece1 is to be ! 8ex*ange0 ahead74 ,! ,que5 is equal to two ,rooks or ?ree m9or pieces4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,r ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #e4 ,*ess w\ld be an easy game if all comb9ations c\ld be te/$ & prob$ exhau/ively by ! ma!matical process j %[n4 ,b we %all f9d t ! complications met ) are extremely v>i$4 ,to give ! beg9n] an idea ( ?is1 ,i w m5tion a few ( ! m frequ5t examples4 ,x w be se5 t ! calculation may be1 & v frequ5tly --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,b ,r ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #f4 is1 upset by "o ( ! pieces involv$ be+ ex*ang$ or sacrific$4 ,an example ( ?is is f\nd 9 ,diagram #f2 ,ktx,p --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #g4 fails on acc\nt ( ,r ,x ,b2 ?is leaves ! ,knight unprotect$1 & ,:ite w9s two pieces = 8 ,rook4 ,nei!r c ! ,bi%op capture on ,k#e because ( ,r ,x ,kt4 leav+ ! ,bi%op unprotect$1 aft] :i* ,bx,kt does n retrieve ! situation because ! ,rook recaptures f ,b#f4 ,a second important case1 9 :i* our simple calculation is ( no avail1 occurs 9 a position :]e "o ( ! def5d+ pieces is =c$ away by a ?reat1 ! evasion ( :i* is m important ?an ! capture ( ! unit x def5ds4 ,9 ,diagram #g1 = in/ance1 ,black may n play ,ktx,p1 because ,:ite1 by play+ ,p- ,q#f1 w\ld =ce ! ,bi%op to ,kt#d or ,b#a1 to prev5t ! pawn f ,que5+ & ! ,knight w\ld be lo/4 ,a fur!r example ( ! same type is giv5 9 ,diagram #h4 ,"h a peculi> mat+ ?reat1 :i* occurs n --------------------------------------- #h ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,r ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,q --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #h4 infrequ5tly 9 practical play1 keeps ! ,black ,que5 ti$ to h] ,,kb#b & unavailable = ! protection ( ! ,b at ,,bi4 ,:ite w9s z foll[s3 #a4 ,ktx,b1 ,ktx,kt2 #b4 ,rx,kt1 ,qx,r2 #c4 ,kt-,b#g;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #d4 ,kt-,r#f d\ble *1 ,k-,r#a2 #e ,q-,kt#h;*1 ,rx,q2 #f4 ,kt-,b#g mate4 ,we w n[ g a /ep fur!r & turn f 8acute0 comb9ations to su* comb9ations z are1 z x 71 imp5d+4 ,"h1 too1 ,i urg5tly recomm5d beg9n]s 7advanc$ play]s d x z a matt] ( c\rse7 to proce$ by way ( simple ari?metical calculations1 b1 in/ead ( enum]at+ ! attack+ & def5d+ pieces1 to c\nt ! numb] ( possibilities ( attack & def5ce4 ,let u consid] a few typical examples4 ,9 ,diagram #i1 if ,black plays ,p-,q#e1 he mu/ fir/ h prob$ ! position 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,! pawn at ,q#e is attack$ once & support$ once to />t )1 & c be attack$ by ?ree m ,:ite units 9 ?ree m moves 7#a4 ,r-,q#a1 #b4 ,r7,b#b7-,q#b1 #c4 ,b-,b#b7 ,black c also mobilise ?ree m units = ! def5ce 9 ! same numb] ( moves 7#a4 ,kt-,b#d or ,k#c1 #b4 ,b-,kt#b1 #c4 ,r-,q#a74 ,!re is1 consequ5tly1 no imm$iate dang]1 nor is !re any?+ to fe> = "s "t to come1 z ,:ite has no o!r piece :i* c\ld attack ! pawn = ! fif? "t4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,r ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,r ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #i4 ,x w\ld be obvi\sly wrong to move ! pawn to ,q#f aft] ,:ite's ,r-,q#a1 because ,:ite c\ld br+ ano!r two pieces to be> on ! ,p1 ! o!r ,rook & ! ,knight1 :il/ ,black has only "o m piece available = ! def5ce1 namely1 8 ,rook4 ,! foll[+ examples %[ typical positions1 9 :i* simple calculation is complicat$ by side issues4 ,9 ,diagram #aj1 ! po9t ( attack1 namely1 ! ,black ,knight at ,,kb#c1 c be support$ by z _m ,black units z ,:ite c br+ up = ! attack1 b ! def5sive effici5cy ( "o ( ,black's pieces is illusory1 because x c be tak5 by a ,:ite piece4 ,! plan w\ld be z foll[s3 ,:ite ?reat5s ,black's ,knight = ! ?ird "t ) ,kt-,k#d1 & ,black mu/ reply ,q,kt-,q#b1 because cov]+ ) ,r-,k#c w\ld co/ ! 8ex*ange10 z w appe> f a comp>ison ( ! value ( ! pieces conc]n$4 ,! 8ex*ange0 is1 h[ev]1 lo/ = ,black on ! next move1 because --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aj ,:ite's fur!r attack on ! ,knight by ,q-,b#c =ces ! ,rook to def5d on ,k#c1 :]e x gets into ! diagonal ( ! ,bi%op1 :i* at pres5t is mask$ by ,:ite's ,knight4 ,! sequel w\ld be #c4 ,q,ktx,ktch1 ,rx,kt 7n ,bx,kt on acc\nt ( ,bx,r w9n+ a :ole ,rook71 #d4 ,bx,r1 & s on4 ,a simil> case is %[n 9 ,diagram #aa4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,k ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aa ,"h1 too1 !re is a flaw 9 ! simple calculation1 because ! def5d+ units are n secure4 ,beg9n]s %\ld devote special att5tion to ?is position1 :i* is 9 practice ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,x c be easily p]ceiv$ t ! ,bi%op _c capture ! pawn at ,b#g on acc\nt ( ,p-,,qr#c4 ,b to take ) ! ,knight w\ld also be an error1 because ,black w\ld !n keep *as+ away ! cov]+ ,bi%op4 #a4 ,p-,kt#d2 #b4 ,b-,q#f1 ,k-,b#c2 #c4 ,kt-,k#h1 ,b-,b#b2 & w9s "o ( ! pieces4 ,f9ally1 "o m example1 9 :i* "o ( ! def5d+ pieces be+ p9n$ makes simple calculation impracticable4 ,9 ,diagram #ab x seems at fir/ sight z if ,black c\ld play ,ktx,p3 al?\gh ,:ite c p9 ! ,knight ) ,r-,k#a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ab & !n attack x once m ) 8 ,knight1 ,black w\ld appe> to h suffici5t protection available1 ) 8 ,kt & ,b4 ,:ite has no "t to d\ble ,rooks1 because if he does s1 aft] 8 ,r- ,k#b ,black w\ld play ! ,k+ away f 8 file & all[ ! ,knight to escape4 ,b ,:ite c1 by a simple sacrifice1 br+ ! slumb]+ ,r at ,r#a into sudd5 action3 #a4 444 ,ktx,p2 #b ,r-,k#a1 ,b-,b#d2 #c4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,kt-,q#c2 #d4 ,rx,kt1 ,ktx,r2 #e4 ,r- ,k#a1 & ,:ite w9s two pieces = 8 ,rook4 ,^! illu/rations w be suffici5t to give ! beg9n] an und]/&+ ( economy ( calculation 9 all k9ds ( comb9ations4 ,8 p[] ( comb9+ w gr[ spe$ily on ?is basis1 & ?rive 9 ! fire ( practical exp]i5ce4 ,:]e an oppon5t is miss+1 ! gap mu/ be fill$ by ref]5ce to su* books z treat ( ! sci5ce ( comb9ation & give examples tak5 f actual play4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,*ess ,,/rategy ,9 br++ ! tea*+s ( ?is book "u ! collective head+ 8,*ess ,/rategy10 x 0 n 9 any way my int5tion to draw any?+ l an exact p>allel betwe5 ! manuvres on ! *ess-bo>d & milit>y op]ations 9 actual w>f>e4 ,9 try+ to seek su* analogies !re is great dang] ( be+ l$ a/ray1 & little likelihood ( ga9+ k t might be ( use 9 practical play4 ,pla9 common-s5se w give u all we ne$1 )\t our be+ influ5c$ by ^? tactical & /rategical consid]ations t h be5 f\nd useful 9 w>4 ,! foll[+ def9ition may n be out ( place3 ,/rategy sets d[n ! :ole ( ! problems :i* mu/ be solv$ 9 w>1 9 ord] to atta9 ! ultimate result aim$ at2 tactics solve su* problems 9 v>i\s ways1 & accord+ to ! conditions prevail+ 9 ! p>ticul> case4 ,s\nd /rategy1 :5 sett+ ! task1 mu/ nev] lose sight ( tactical practicability1 & only a ?or\gh k ( tactical res\rces makes correct /rategy possible4 ,n[ we %all n "u any circum/ances1 z un=tunately ev5 great *ess ma/]s h done1 seek 9 outw>d simil>ities ju/ification = transf]r+ to *ess ! tea*+s ( ! /rategy & tactics ( w>4 ,x s\nds pretty en\gh to say3 ,*ess is a game ( w>--! v>i\s pieces repres5t ! v>i\s k9ds ( =ces3 ! pawns repres5t ! infantry1 ! ,knights take ! place ( cavalry1 ! ,rooks d ! "w ( heavy artill]y1 sweep+ broad l9es2 ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* ! pieces move f9d a p>allel 9 ! topography ( ! !atre ( w>1 9 t ! v>i\s battle-fields are m or less easy ( access4 ,b x is q unju/ifiable to assign to ! ,knights ! functions ( sc\ts1 & to say t ,rooks %\ld /ay 9 ! backgr\nd1 z heavy artill]y1 & s on4 ,su* pron\ncem5ts w\ld n h ! slighte/ practical value4 ,:at we take f ! sci5ce ( w>f>e is m]ely ! def9ition4 ,9 ea* game ! /rategy ( *ess %\ld set u ! tasks :i* mu/ be accompli%$ 79 ord] to mate ! oppon5t's ,k+71 & tactics po9t ! way 9 :i* x is possible to solve su* problems4 ,correct *ess /rategy w only set su* tasks z are tactically possible1 &1 if we wi% to exp\nd ! pr9ciples ( *ess /rategy1 we _c exclude *ess tactics f ! field ( our obs]vations4 ,if "h & !re ! results ( our delib]ations be> "s analogy to actual w>f>e1 we may c]ta9ly give way to a k9d ( ae/hetic satisfaction 9 t our own occupation has "s p>allel 9 real life1 b we mu/ nev] fa%ion our pr9ciples 9 accordance ) su* =tuit\s circum/ances4 ,hav+ survey$ ! problems we h to solve1 we c n[ plunge into our subject4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt]1 :5 consid]+ special cases 9 elem5t>y comb9ations1 we h already notic$ ! important "p play$ 9 ea* skirmi% by ! balance betwe5 ! attack+ & def5d+ units4 ,speak+ q g5]ally1 common-s5se w tell u t1 9 all op]ations on ! *ess-bo>d1 ! ma9 consid]ation = ! def5ce w be to ma9ta9 t balance1 & t !re is only ju/ification = an attack :5 x is possible to conc5trate m =ces on ! /rategic po9t ?an c be mu/]$ by ! def5ce4 ,h[ev]1 "o v important po9t mu/ n be neglect$1 ?\gh ,i did n t\* ^u x :5 discuss+ elem5t>y comb9ations = fe> ( complicat+ matt]s = beg9n]s3 ! balance betwe5 ! cont5d+ =ces is by no means e/abli%$ by _! num]ical equality4 ,a p>am\nt factor is ! mobility ( su* =ces1 & z soon z x is no long] "o ( ! elem5t>y cases ( capture & recapture describ$ previ\sly1 ?is factor mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 ord] to decide1 on a g5]al survey1 :e!r !re is a suffici5t def5ce to an imp5d+ attack1 or :e!r "o's own int5d$ attack is likely to prevail4 ,t mobility is ! fir/ & =emo/ consid]ation %\ld be self-evid5t1 s9ce ! relative value ( ! pieces c only make itself felt by _! great] or less] mobility4 ,except 9 c]ta9 positions1 :i* are br\ght ab\t by "s p>ticul> array ( ! pieces1 ! intr9sic value ( a ,rook is great] ?an t ( a ,bi%op1 because x c comm& all ! squ>es on ! bo>d1 :il/ a ,bi%op is ti$ to its own col\r2 ,knight & ,bi%op are consid]$ equival5t1 because ! ,knight's advantage 9 be+ able to act on all ! squ>es ( ei!r col\r is balanc$ by ! fact t ! ,bi%op c sweep long diagonals4 ,two ,bi%ops are1 g5]ally speak+1 ( great] value ?an two ,knights1 because toge!r !y also act on all ! squ>es1 & _! comm& ( long diagonals is a cle> advantage4 ,! :ole ( ?is valuation1 h[ev]1 comes to n\ght :5 ! pieces are h9d]$ 9 _! mobility by ! peculi>ity ( any p>ticul> position4 ,we w consid] "o in/ance f end-game play1 & "o f ! op5+s4 ,9 ,diagram #ac1 ,:ite d]ives no advantage f be+ --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,r ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ac ! ex*ange to ! good1 = ! ,rook has no file :i* c\ld be us$ to break into ! ,black camp4 ,9 ,diagram #ad1 ! num]ical equality ( =ces w n save ,black1 because bad developm5t r$uces ! mobility ( 8 pieces to su* an ext5t t he has no res\rces ) :i* he c p>ry ! imp5d+ attack4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k ,r ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,b ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,q ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ad ,:ite w assail ! ,black ,k+'s position on ! ,que5 side1 & ,black is unable to conc5trate 8 =ces quickly en\gh = ! def5ce ( ! jeop>dis$ entr5*m5ts4 ,let u !re=e be> 9 m9d t ! mobility ( ! pieces is ! decid+ factor ( _! effici5cy1 & t mobility is ! highe/ crit]ion by :i* to judge ! m]its 7or dem]its7 ( _! op]ations4 ,we w n[ consid] ?is pr9ciple 9 its application to ! ?ree /ages ( play1 namely1 ! op5+1 ! middle-game1 & ! end+4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,op5+ ,! only pieces available on ! fir/ move are ! ,knights4 ,9 ord] to develop o!r pieces z well1 x is necess>y to move pawns fir/1 & su* pawn moves w be be/ z give an outlet to z _m pieces z possible4 ,= quick developm5t is ( ! utmo/ importance1 & he :o succe$s fir/ 9 plac+ all 8 pieces1 f _! initial awkw>d positions1 to su* places z give !m comm& ( ! greate/ possible numb] ( squ>es1 has ! bett] *ance ( conc5trat+ a sup]ior =ce on "s important po9t4 ,x foll[s t ,:ite1 hav+ ! fir/ move1 is1 s to speak1 always morally ju/ifi$ 9 attack+1 :il/ ,black %\ld assume ! def5sive4 ,x is a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 to appreciate ! tru? ( ?is proposition4 ,un=tunately mo/ beg9n]s fail to realise x1 & s pave ! way1 f ! fir/1 to ! loss ( ! game4 ,!re are n _m develop+ pawn moves to *oose f4 ,app>5tly f ! po9t ( view ( quick developm5t only ,p-,k#d & ,p-,q#d ne$ be consid]$1 s9ce !y free bo? ,bi%op & ,que51 :il/ o!r pawn moves lib]ate "o piece only4 ,g5]ally speak+ x is only requir$ to move two or ?ree pawns to all[ all pieces to be develop$1 & x is good1 on pr9ciple1 to make only su* pawn moves 9 ! op5+1 :i* are necess>y = ! developm5t ( pieces4 ,to play o!r pawns really means ! loss ( a move4 ,to 8lose a move0 means to make a move :i* is n ess5tial to ! atta9m5t ( a desir$ position4 ,?us ! 8loss ( a move0 results also f play+ a piece to a giv5 squ>e 9 m moves ?an necess>y4 ,i %all n[ give a few games %[+ ! f>-rea*+ consequ5ces ( los+ moves4 ,! fir/ "o is a typical ?\gh gl>+ example1 :i* is v in/ructive & came to my notice "s "t ago3 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #c4 ,qx,p ,kt-,,qb#c #d4 ,q-,k#c ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,p-,,kr#c8 ,i w n discuss ! sy/em ( developm5t adopt$ by ,:ite 9 8 fir/ f\r moves4 ,! la/ move1 h[ev]1 c at once be recognis$ z faulty4 ,x is ! loss ( a move su* z occurs 9 ! va/ majority ( games play$ by beg9n]s4 ,x 0 unnecess>y to prev5t ,k,kt-,kt#e1 s9ce ! ,knight c\ld n hold t squ>e p]man5tly4 ,9 any case ,b-,k#b w\ld h _h ! same effect1 & develop$ a piece at ! same "t4 #e4 444 ,b-,k#b #f4 ,p-,,qr#c88 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is v bad4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is loss ( a second move are swift & deadly4 #f4 444 ,ca/les #g4 ,b-,b#d ,at la/ a develop+ move4 #g4 444 ,r-,k#a #h4 ,q-,q,kt#c ,ano!r ,que5's move4 ,! attack on ! ,bi%op's ,pawn may be v tempt+1 b mu/ necess>ily be incorrect--& :y8 ,because ,:ite is mu* beh9d ) 8 developm5t4 ,x is useless to analyse any k9d ( attack 9 face ( ?is fact4 ,! beg9n] f9ds x h>d to get us$ to ?is way ( ?9k+4 ,he pref]s to try to unravel a long /r+ ( v>iations & comb9ations1 9 :i* he w mo/ly lose 8 be>+s4 ,ev5 /rong] play]s ob/ruct _! own p[]s by refus+ to see ! value ( judg+ a position on g5]al m]its4 ,!y lose valuable "t 9 ?9k+ out endless v>iations1 to ma9ta9 positions :i* c\ld be prov$ valueless by g5]al & logical d$uctions4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,k ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ae ,!n1 z 9 ! pres5t position1 retribution comes swiftly4 #h4 444 ,p-,q#d ,:ite %\ld h consid]$ ?is move4 ,x 0 obvi\s1 s9ce ! op5+ ( ! ,k file = ! ,rook is mo/ dang]\s1 = ! ,:ite ,k+4 #i4 ,bx,p ,ktx,b ,black c\ld h play$ ,qx,b at once4 #aj4 ,qx,kt ,qx,q #aa4 ,px,q ,b-,kt#e d\ble * #ab4 ,k-,q#a ,r-,k#h mate ,a fur!r example 9 :i* ! loss ( moves occurs1 ?\gh n s gl>+ly1 is ! foll[+ fam\s game1 :i* ,morphy play$ aga9/ ! ,duke ,k>l ( ,brunswick & ,c\nt ,is\>d 9 ! ,royal box at ! ,p>is op]a-h\se4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,q#c ,accord+ to ! pr9ciples set out above1 ,kt-,,qb#c w\ld h be5 bett]1 s9ce ! text move %uts out ! ,k+'s ,bi%op4 #c4 ,p-,q#d ,n[ ! ,k+'s ,pawn is attack$ twice4 ,x w\ld be bad to support x ) ,kt-,,qb#c1 z ,:ite w\ld ex*ange pawns & !n ,que5s4 ,black w\ld ?us =feit 8 *ance ( ca/l+ & lose mu* "t 9 br++ ! ,k+ into safety & ! ,rooks into play4 ,p- ,,kb#c1 ( c\rse1 is impossible1 z x is n a develop+ move1 & moreov] blocks ! natural developm5t ( ! ,k+'s ,knight4 ,protect+ ! pawn ) ! ,que5 w\ld also block o!r pieces1 & ,q,kt-,q#b _c be good1 z x blocks ! ,que5's ,bi%op4 ,s9ce x seems impossible to protect ! ,k+'s ,pawn1 ! only alt]native w\ld be to ex*ange x2 inde$ x is on ! :ole ! be/ c\rse1 al?\gh x all[s a ,:ite piece to take up a dom9at+ position 9 ! c5tre4 ,wi%+ to avoid ?is1 ,black plays #c4 444 ,b-,kt#e &1 by p9n+ ! oppon5t's ,knight1 indirectly protects ! ,k+'s ,pawn4 ,?is manuvre is1 h[ev]1 ill-advis$1 z ,black is =c$ to ex*ange ! ,bi%op = ! ,knight4 ,! ,bi%op w h mov$ twice1 ! ,knight only once1 !re=e ,:ite w h ga9$ a move = 8 developm5t4 #d4 ,px,p ,bx,kt ,%\ld ,black play ,px,p at once1 ,:ite w\ld ex*ange ,que5s1 release ! p91 & w9 ! pawn4 #e4 ,qx,b ,px,p #f4 ,b-,,qb#d ,:ite has n[ two pieces m 9 play ?an ,black1 in/ead ( only "o1 & ! mobility ( ! ,:ite ,que51 :i* ,black himself has br\ght out1 beg9s to h a ?reat5+ effect on ,black's game4 #f4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c #g4 ,q-,q,kt#c ,q-,k#b ,black _c cov] 8 ,k+'s ,bi%op's ,pawn ) ,q-,q#b because #h4 ,qx,p w9s ! ,rook1 :il/ n[ ,black c\ld play #h4 444 ,q-,kt#e;* 9 reply1 =c+ ! ex*ange ( ,que5s4 ,! text move1 :i* is =c$1 blocks ! ,bi%op1 & at ! same "t prev5ts ! developm5t ( ! ,k+'s ,rook1 all ( :i* is ! direct consequ5ce ( ! loss ( "o move4 #h4 ,kt-,b#c ,:ite rightly disda9s ! ga9 ( ! ,knight's ,pawn1 b prev5ts ! ex*ange ( ,que5s 9 develop+ a piece4 ,he proves ! sup]iority ( 8 position mu* m conv9c+ly 9 t way4 ,black mu/ n[ lose yet ano!r move to protect 8 ,knight's ,pawn4 #h4 444 ,p-,b#c #i4 ,b-,k,kt#e ,p-,kt#d ,black mu/ try to develop 8 ,que5's ,knight at la/4 ,he _c play ,q,kt-,q#b at once1 s9ce 8 ,knight's ,pawn w\ld aga9 be unprotect$2 !re=e he plays ! move 9 ! text1 probably ?9k+ t n[ ,:ite also mu/ lose a move to )draw 8 ,bi%op4 ,b 9 view ( ! fact t ,black's game is :olly undevelop$1 & t he plays practically sev]al pieces d[n1 ,:ite sacrifices 8 ,knight = two pawns3 he =esees ! position :i* occurs a few moves lat]1 :5 ,black is hemm$ 9 on all sides4 #aj4 ,ktx,p ,px,kt #aa4 ,bx,kt,pch ,q,kt-,q#b #ab4 ,ca/les ,,qr ,r-,q#a ,?is is ! only piece available to cov] ,q#b1 = ! ,k+'s ,knight is p9n$4 ,:ite has ano!r piece 9 res]ve1 8 ,k+'s ,rook1 & aga9/ ?is ,black is def5celess4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,kt ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #af #ac4 ,rx,kt comp>e ,diag4 #ab4 #ac4 444 ,rx,r #ad4 ,r-,q#a ,q-,k#c ,?is releases ! ,k+'s ,knight4 ,n[ ,:ite c\ld w9 by play+ ,bx,kt & ,bx,rch1 b he pref]s to end up ) a magnific5t sacrifice4 #ae4 ,bx,rch ,ktx,b #af4 ,q-,kt#h;*66 ,ktx,q #ag4 ,r-,q#h mate ,! f9al position %[s 9 a /rik+ mann] h[ a few well- develop$ pieces c be wor? m ?an _m undevelop$ ones1 & ! :ole game is an example ( ! fatal consequ5ces :i* c foll[ ! loss ( a move1 s9ce x (t5 leads to ! compulsory loss ( fur!r moves 9 ! c\rse ( ! game4 8,?is is ! curse ( e evil de$ ,t propagat+ /ill x br+s =? evil40 ,! logical sequ5ce ( ! moves 9 ?is game1 z po9t$ out 9 ! comm5t>ies to x1 is borne out by ! curi\s co9cid5ce t ,i once _h ! opportunity ( play+ a game 9 exactly ! same sequ5ce ( moves1 aga9/ a play] to :om ,morphy's 8brilliancy0 0 unkn[n4 -------------------------- ,! lead+ pr9ciple ( all op5+ moves is made cle> by ! =ego+ pages1 namely1 rapid developm5t ( pieces1 & consequ5tly ! avoidance ( ! loss ( a move 9 any %ape or =m4 ,be=e treat+ ( ! v>i\s sy/ems ( op5+s1 ,i w say a few words on ! pr9ciples ( ,,pawn ,,play4 ,ea* op5+ is *>act]is$ by a well-def9$ pawn =mation1 & concurr5tly a c]ta9 me?od 9 ! developm5t ( ! pieces4 ,naturally ! =mation ( a pawn skeleton is n an indep5d5t factor1 b mu/ be evolv$ ) a view to facilitat+ ! fav\rable developm5t ( pieces4 ,b :5 consid]+ ! =m ( a pawn position & t ( ! pieces1 we _c %ut our eyes to ! fact t pawn =mation mu/ necess>ily be ! dom9ant consid]ation 9 our m9d4 ,pawn =mation is ( a m p]man5t "* ?an t ( ! pieces1 9 consequ5ce ( ! latt]'s great] mobility4 ,:5 we h made a ra% move ) a piece1 to :i* our attack+ disposition may h tempt$ u1 we may /ill h a *ance ( retriev+ ! position by timely retreat4 ,once a pawn has mov$ x _c turn back1 & only aft] ! greate/ delib]ation %\ld we emb>k on *anges 9 our pawn =mation 9 ord] n to di/urb ! balance ( ?is 8/atic elem5t0 ( ! game4 ,b we %all see t ! pawn skeleton :i* 0 =m$ 9 ! op5+ (t5 wea!rs ! /orm & /ress ( ! middle game1 & frequ5tly pres]ves its "* "r up to ! end-game4 ,i w !re=e make pawn =mation my />t+-po9t 9 an attempt to %[ ! way ?r\gh ! maze ( ! op5+s on ! basis ( g5]al /rategical pr9ciples4 ,if our pawn skeleton is to promote ! fre$om ( all ! pieces1 we mu/ n build x up ) ! n>r[ view ( develop+ m9or pieces only1 b mu/ consid] f ! v fir/ 9 :i* way x w enable ! ,rooks to get into action4 ,we c unite ^! t5d5cies 9 mak+ ! ,,c5tre ,,( ,,! ,,bo>d ! ma9 field ( action = all our =ces4 ,?is means = bo? sides ,k#d & ,q#d1 & also 9 a less] degree ,,qb#d & ,,kb#d4 ,we %all get a cle> insight into ! positional advantage ( hav+ comm& ( ! c5tre lat] on1 :5 discuss+ ! middle game4 ,at pres5t ,i w only t\* ! subject 9 a g5]al way1 expla9+ x 9 an elem5t>y =m1 :i* w be suffici5t to develop an und]/&+ = pawn /rategy 9 ! op5+4 ,9 ! c\rse ( fur!r d$uctions1 aft] ! grasp ( ?is difficult /age ( ! game has become /rong]1 ,i w g into details :i* w all[ ! subject to be /at$ 9 a m precise =m4 ,plac+ ! pieces 9 ! c5tre is ( value1 because !re !y h m mobility ?an ne> ! edge1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 limits _! range ( action1 & also because f ! c5tre a conc5tration ( =ces on a giv5 po9t c g5]ally be effect$ 9 ! quicke/ way4 ,9 mo/ cases two c5tre squ>es become inaccessible at once1 ?r\gh ! oppon5t plac+ "o ( 8 pawns 9 ! c5tre2 !re=e x w\ld seem a good plan to lure t pawn away1 & ?is is r5d]$ feasible by play+ ,p-,k#d or ,p-,,qb#d :5 ! oppon5t has a pawn on 8 ,q#d1 & ,p-,q#d or ,p-,,kb#d :5 he has a pawn on ,k#d4 ,9 ! foll[+ we w consid] su* manuvres z c\ld apply ei!r to ,:ite or ,black1 f ! po9t ( view ( ,:ite1 to :om ! initiative is1 z po9t$ out above1 a sort ( bir?-"r4 ,naturally1 %\ld ,:ite lose a move1 z1 = in/ance1 #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#d2 #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,kt-,,qb#c2 #c4 ,p-,,qr#c8 ! position is rev]s$1 & ,black is b\nd to obta9 ! initiative :i* is ,:ite's bir?right4 ,! pawn moves m5tion$ above also h ! t5d5cy ( giv+ ! ,rooks an opportunity = action4 ,a ,rook /&+ beh9d an advanc$ pawn may support its fur!r advance1 or1 if ! pawn %\ld be ex*ang$1 might get an op5 file4 ,! damage we wi% to inflict on our oppon5t we mu/1 ( c\rse1 try to avoid ourselves4 ,?us we w n easily give up a c5tre pawn unless we c obta9 "s o!r advantage 9 do+ s4 ,?is advantage may be1 t 9 ex*ang+ ! c5tre pawn we op5 up l9es ( attack = our pieces1 or t we are able to place "o ( our pieces 9 a comm&+ position 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>d4 ,! foll[+ example may s]ve z an illu/ration4 ,suppos+ ,:ite plays aft] #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,8 aim is to tempt ,black's c5tre pawn away & to make 8 ,,qb#d & ,k#d accessible = 8 own =ces4 ,black might be ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ ! pawn1 if he really c\ld hold ! pawn ?us ga9$4 ,we %all %[ lat] on t ?is is n s1 & t ,:ite c w9 x back easily & advantage\sly4 ,!re=e ,black is m likely to play #b4 ,p-,k#c4 ,n #b4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c2 = aft] #c4 ,px,p1 ,ktx,p2 #d4 ,p-,k#d w\ld op5 ,:ite's game & drive ! ,knight away at once1 ga9+ a move4 ,suppos+1 h[ev]1 ,black plays #b4 444 ,b-,b#d2 %\ld ,:ite n[ ?9k me*anically1 8,i w take 8 c5tre pawn & consequ5tly h ! bett] game10 8 d$uction w\ld be wrong4 ,= aft] ex*ang+ 8 ,bi%op = ! ,knight1 :i* o!rwise w\ld drive 8 ,que5 away1 ,black br+s ! latt] into a dom9at+ squ>e 9 ! c5tre4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ag4 #c4 ,px,p ,bx,kt #d4 ,rx,b ,qx,p ,black's ,que5 _c easily be driv5 away f h] comm&+ position1 p>ticul>ly z ,:ite mu/ lose a move to save 8 ,,qrp4 ,mean:ile ,black ga9s "t = conc5trat+ 8 =ces = an attack :i* w9s ! ,que5's ,pawn4 #e4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,kt-,,qb#c #f4 ,p-,k#c ,ca/les ,,qr #g4 ,kt-,b#c ,p-,k#d & w9s ! ,,qp1 or #e4 ,p-,,qr#c ,kt-,,qb#c #f4 ,p-,k#c ,ca/les ,,qr & ,p-,k#d is aga9 a ?reat h>d = :ite to meet4 ,?is position %[s1 t to br+ "o's oppon5t's c5tre pawn away & to keep "o's own1 does n "u all circum/ances mean ! comm& ( ! c5tre1 b t ! op5+ up ( files & diagonals = "o's pieces t[>ds ! c5tre is an important mom5t 9 ! fight = positional advantage4 ,consid]ations ( ?is k9d w help to improve our judgm5t 9 _m ( ! v>i\s op5+s treat$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,we w class ! op5+s 9 ?is way3 ,a4 ,:ite #a4 ,p-,k#d4 7a7 ,black #a4 ,p-,k#d 7b7 ,black #a4 ,any o!r move ,b4 ,:ite #a4 ,p-,q#d4 7a7 ,black #a4 ,p-,q#d 7b7 ,black #a4 ,any o!r move ,c4 ,:ite #a4 ,any o!r move ,we %all f9d t op5+s class$ "u ,c g5]ally lead to positions treat$ "u ,a & ,b4 ,a4 ,we h already come to ! conclusion t aft] #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p- ,k#d ,:ite does well to try to =ce ! ex*ange ( ,black's c5tre pawn on ,q#d or ,,kb#d1 & t ,black w try to c\nt]act ?is1 unless by all[+ ! ex*ange he gets a *ance ( ex]t+ pressure 9 ! c5tre by means ( 8 pieces4 ,we w fir/ see :at happ5s :5 ,:ite und]takes ! advance 9 "q on 8 second move4 ,sup]ficially ! diff]5ce betwe5 #b4 ,,pq#d & #b4 ,p-,,kb#d is t 9 ! fir/ case ! pawn ?us advanc$ is cov]$1 :ile 9 ! second x is n4 ,an op5+ 9 :i* a pawn sacrifice is (f]$1 is call$ a 8gambit02 #b4 ,p-,,kb#d is !re=e a gambit4 #b4 ,p-,q#d is only a gambit if aft] #b4 444 ,px,p ,:ite does n recapture ! pawn4 ,nev]!less ?is op5+ has be5 call$ ! 8c5tre gambit10 & ?\gh ! d5om9ation is n correct we w adh]e to x1 z x is 9 g5]al use4 ,a v consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ! c5tre gambit & ! ,k+'s gambit lies 9 ! fact t 9 ! =m] acceptance is compulsory1 :il/ 9 ! second x may be decl9$4 ,=3 #b4 ,p-,q#d ?reat5s to take ! ,k+'s ,pawn4 ,to def5d x by means ( #b4 444 ,p-,q#c is unwise1 s9ce ,:ite ex*anges pawns & !n ,que5s1 by :i* ,black loses 8 *ance ( ca/l+ & imp$es ! developm5t ( 8 ,rooks4 #b4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c is also bad1 s9ce aft] #c4 ,px,p1 ,ktx,p2 #d ,p-,,kb#d1 ,:ite drives ! ,knight away1 ga9+ a /rong hold on ! c5tre1 & ,black has no comp5sation = giv+ up 8 c5tre pawn4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t aft] #b4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c1 #c4 ,p-,q#e w\ld be a useless move1 z to beg9 ) x w\ld be inconsequ5t1 s9ce ,p-,q#d 0 play$ 9 ord] to cle> ! c5tre1 & moreov] x w\ld block up a diagonal :i* c\ld be mo/ useful to ! ,k+'s ,bi%op4 ,we conclude n[ t ,black _c hold 8 pawn at ,k#d4 ,he mu/ rel9qui% ! c5tre by #b4 444 ,px,p4 ,he w n[ ei!r attempt to br+ away ,:ite's ,k+'s ,pawn by advanc+ 8 own ,,qp to ,q#d1 or try to utilise ! ,k+'s file1 :i* 0 op5$ by 8 second move1 & op]ate aga9/ ,:ite's ,,kp4 ,! ,rooks are indicat$ = ?is task4 ,we %all ref] to ! execution ( ^! plans lat] on4 ,9 ! ,k+'s gambit1 ,:ite's attempt to br+ away ,black's ,k+'s ,pawn may be safely ignor$4 ,! move #b4 ,p-,,kb#d does n ?reat5 to take ! ,k+'s ,pawn1 z ,black w\ld w9 ,:ite's ,,kp by ,q-,r#e;*4 ,black c !re=e develop 9 security ) #b4 444 ,b-,b#d1 & if !n ,:ite prev5ts ! ,q *eck by ,kt-,,kb#c1 !re is no objection to ,black protect+ 8 ,k+'s ,pawn ) ,p-,q#c1 z ! ,k+'s ,bi%op is already develop$4 ,aft] #d4 ,b-,b#d1 ,black has /ill no ne$ to protect 8 ,,kp ) ,kt- ,,qb#c1 b c play ,kt-,,kb#c fir/1 because aft] #e4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #f4 ,ktx,p w\ld be answ]$ by #f4 444 ,q-,q#e w9n+ a piece4 ,black keeps ! upp] h& 9 ^! e>ly enc\nt]s because he has made a develop+ move ) a piece1 :il/ ,:ite has play$ a pawn move :i* is useless = ! purpose ( developm5t4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ah4 ,diagram #ah %[s ! position :i* results f ! foll[+ plausible moves3 #b4 ,p-,,kb#d ,b-,b#d #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,q#c #d4 ,b-,b#d ,kt-,,kb#c #e4 ,p-,q#c ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,kt-,b#c ,b-,k,kt#e ,if ,:ite wi%es to ca/le on ! ,k side1 :i* mu/ h be5 8 int5tion :5 play+ #b4 ,p-,,kb#d1 he w h to play ,kt-,,qr#d & ,ktx,b4 ,?\gh ?is is ( no disadvantage to ,black1 he c\ld avoid ! ex*ange ( 8 ,,kb by play+ #b4 444 ,p-,,qr#c in/ead ( ,b-,k,kt#e4 ,if !n ,:ite plays ,p-,b#e 9 ord] to h9d] ! developm5t ( ,black's ,,qb & to br+ out 8 own1 ! pressure on ,black's ,,kp is reliev$ p]man5tly1 & soon] or lat] ,black w break ?r\gh on ! ,q file1 z 8 ,,qp is no long] ne$$ at ,q#c = ! support ( ! c5tre pawn4 ,a diff]5t pawn =mation is ! result if ,:ite en=ces ! ex*ange ( ,black's c5tre pawn at once4 ,?is he c d by play+ ,p-,q#d1 e4g43 #b4 ,p-,,kb#d ,b-,b#d or #d4 ,p-,b#c ,kt-,,kb#c #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,q#c #e4 ,p-,q#d ,px,q,p #d4 ,p-,q#d ,px,q,p #f4 ,px,p ,b-,kt#c #e4 ,ktx,p ,"h ,black c get an e>ly advantage by attack+ ,:ite's ,,kp1 tak+ possession ( ! ,k file aft] ca/l+ on ! ,k side4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 ! /ud5t %\ld 9 my op9ion decl9e ! gambit1 z 9 do+ s he c get an easy & satisfactory developm5t4 ,! treatm5t ( ! 8,k+'s ,gambit accept$10 :i* aims at hold+ ! gambit pawn1 is mo/ difficult & leads e>ly 9 ! game to su* complications z none b an exp]t c hope to ma/]4 ,footnote3 ,z an example ( ! difficult play :i* ensues :5 ,black def5ds ! pawn 9 ! ,k+'s ,gambit1 ,i give ! late/ v>iation ( an attack introduc$ by ,pr(essor ,i4 ,l4 ,rice1 & call$ ! 8,rice ,gambit03 #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#d2 #b4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,p-,k,kt#d2 #d4 ,p-,,kr#d1 ,p-,kt#e2 #e4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #f4 ,b-,b#d1 ,p-,q#d2 #g4 ,px,p1 ,b-,q#c2 #h4 ,ca/les6 ,bx,kt2 #i4 ,r-,k#a1 ,q-,k#b2 #aj4 ,p-,b#c1 ,kt-,r#d2 #aa4 ,p-,q#d1 ,kt-,q#b2 #ab4 ,px,b1 ,ktx,p2 #ac4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,ca/les2 #ad4 ,b-,r#c1 ,kt-,b#f;*62 #ae4 ,px,kt1 ,qx,p2 #af4 ,r-,k#e6 ,b-,b#d662 #ag4 ,kt-,q#b6 ,q-,kt#f;*2 #ah4 ,k-,b#a1 ,q-,r#g2 #ai4 ,bx,r1 ,p-,kt#f2 #bj4 ,b-,b#e1 ,p-,kt#g;*2 #ba4 ,k-,k#a1 ,q-,r#e;*2 #bb4 ,k-,k#b1 ,kt-,kt#f;*2 #bc4 ,k-,b#b1 ,kt-,k#e;*2 #bd4 ,kx,p1 ,b-,r#f;*2 #be4 ,k-,r#a1 ,k-,r#a2 #bf4 ,ktx,kt1 ,r-,k,kt#a2 #bg4 ,r-,kt#e1 ) int]e/+ possibilities4 ,numb]less int]e/+ v>iations are possible1 b _! discussion does n lie )9 ! scope ( ?is "w4 ,!y w be f\nd 9 books treat+ ( ! analysis ( ! op5+s4 ,x is !re=e unwise = ! beg9n] to accept ! gambit1 unless !re be a *ance ( comp5sation = ! disappe>ance ( 8 c5tre pawn1 by =c+ ! ex*ange ( ,:ite's c5tre pawn z well4 ,! foll[+ l9e ( play w\ld fulfil ?is condition3 #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#d2 #b4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #d4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,p-,q#d6 ,black !reby ab&ons ! gambit pawn4 ,on pr9ciple1 & :5 he has ! *oice1 ! beg9n] %\ld give pref]5ce to simple & cle> developm5t 9 ! op5+1 r ?an to ! ga9 ( a pawn1 :5 ?is involves difficult & intricate play4 ,?is pr9ciple mu/ also guide u 9 o!r op5+s4 ,a good example is to be f\nd 9 ! s-call$ 8,dani% gambit10 ,footnote3 ,! names ( ! v>i\s op5+s1 :i* ,i m5tion = ! sake ( complet5ess1 are g5]ally d]iv$ f t[ns or c\ntries 9 :i* !y 7 fir/ ext5sively play$ & analys$4 :i* w lead u back to ^? op5+s 9 :i* ,:ite plays ,p-,q#d on 8 second move4 ,aft] #b4 ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p1 ,:ite has ! option ( sacrific+ two pawns to obta9 a v rapid developm5t #c4 ,p-,,qb#c1 ,px,p2 #d4 ,b-,,qb#d1 ,px,p2 #e4 ,q,bx,p4 ,x may n[ be j possible = ,black to avoid ! _m ?reats :i* ,:ite c br+ to be> ) 8 beautifully plac$ =ces1 p]haps by giv+ back "o or bo? ( ! pawns ga9$4 ,b ?is "q c only be ( int]e/ to u if !re is no opportunity ( adopt+ a simple l9e ( developm5t at ! outset4 ,z x is1 ?is opportunity is n want+4 ,all t ,black ne$s to d is to pu% on 8 ,que5's ,pawn z soon z possible1 ?us free+ 8 own ,que5's ,bi%op4 #b4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #c4 ,p-,,qb#c ,p-,q#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diagram #ai4 ,aft] #d4 ,k,px,p1 ,qx,p1 ,black's position is at lea/ z easy ( developm5t z ,:ite's4 ,9 ! position set out 9 ,diagram #ai1 ,:ite _c play ,p-,k#e1 because ,black w9s a pawn by ,px,p )\t h9d]+ 8 own developm5t 9 ! lea/4 ,! equalis+ p[] ( ,black's ,p-,q#d 9 all ,,kp op5+s :]e ,:ite has play$ ,p-,q#d c be notic$ 9 _m v>iations4 ,i %all n[ give a few typical examples1 :i* w %[ ! l9e ( play t c be adopt$ 9 _m simil> cases1 & :i* c (t5 be evolv$ "o f ! o!r by alt]+ ! ord] ( ! moves4 ,i4 ,,c5tre ,,gambit #b4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #c4 ,qx,p ,kt-,,qb#c #d4 ,q-,k#c ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,b-,k#b #f4 ,b-,q#b ,p-,q#d6 ,,ii4 ,,k+',s ,,bi%op',s ,,op5+ #b4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #c4 ,b-,,qb#d ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,p-,k#e ,p-,q#d6 ,,iii4 ,,scot* ,,gambit #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #d4 ,b-,b#d ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,q#d6 #e4 ,p-,k#e ,p-,q#d6 ,,iv4 ,,scot* ,,game #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,b-,kt#e #f4 ,ktx,kt ,kt,px,kt #g4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,q#d6 ,9 no case %\ld ,black =feit 8 *ance ( play+ ,p-,q#d4 ,x is tempt+ aft] #b4 ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c to cov] ! pawn at ,q#e by ,p-,,qb#d1 b 9 t case ,:ite w\ld sacrifice a pawn by ,p-,,qb#c1 by ?is means op5+ ! ,que5's file = himself1 & s prev5t+ ,black f ev] play+ ,p-,q#d4 ,?us1 = ! loss ( a pawn1 ,:ite has a p>am\nt advantage 9 position4 ,= aft] #d4 444 ,px,p1 #e4 ,ktx,p 7,diagram #bj7 ,:ite has develop$ bo? ,knights1 & 8 ,bi%ops are free1 :il/ ,black has none ( 8 pieces out4 ,p-,q#c mu/ also be play$ 9 ord] to mobilise ! ,que5's ,bi%op1 leav+ ,k#b z ! only squ>e = ! ,k+'s ,bi%op2 f9ally ! 8backw>d0 pawn ,footnote3 ,a pawn is said to be 8backw>d10 :5 x _c move into cov] by ano!r pawn4 at ,q#c is op5 to con/ant attacks & is difficult to def5d4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bj ,! be/ plan = ,black is to decl9e ! d\btful gift ( ! pawn & to br+ ab\t "o ( ! positions1 z sket*$ above1 9 :i*1 by play+ ,p-,q#d e>ly 9 ! game1 ,black is sure ( ! free developm5t ( all 8 =ces4 ,black is able to play ,p-,q#d e>ly 9 all su* op5+s1 :]e ,:ite does n =ce ! def5sive move ,p-,q#c by attack+ ,black's ,k+'s ,pawn4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! ,k+'s gambit1 s9ce ! move #b4 ,p-,,kb#d does n ?reat5 ,px,p1 ,black c reply at once by #b4 444 ,p-,q#d 7,falkbe] ,c\nt] ,gambit74 ,aft] #c4 ,px,q,p1 ,p-,k#e 7to p]mit ( ,kt-,,kb#c1 :i* at pres5t is n feasible on acc\nt ( #d4 ,px,p72 #d4 ,p-,q#c1 ,px,p2 #e4 ,qx,p1 ,:ite is a pawn ahead1 b 8 ,que5 ob/ructs 8 ,,kb2 !re=e ,black has bett] develop+ *ances & %\ld be able to w9 ! pawn back at ! v lea/4 ,a second example is ! ,vi5na game1 :i* proce$s z foll[s3 #b4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,q#d 7,diagram #ba7 ,if ,:ite plays #d4 ,px,q,p1 ,black c play ,p-,k#e1 z 9 ! ,falkbe] gambit m5tion$ j n[4 ,9 answ] to #d4 ,px,k,p1 on ! o!r h&1 ,black c play ,ktx,p )\t hav+ ! slighte/ difficulty ) 8 developm5t4 ,= in/ance1 #e4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,b-,k#b #f4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,,kb#c #g4 ,b-,q#c ,ktx,kt #h4 ,px,kt ,ca/les #i4 ,ca/les ,kt-,b#c or ,b-,k,kt#e & ,black also w soon h an op5 file = 8 ,rook1 ) no disadvantage 9 position4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ba4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o op5+ 9 :i* ,black has ! utmo/ difficulty 9 prev5t+ ,:ite f gett+ a positional advantage 9 ! c5tre4 ,x is call$ ! ,ruy ,lopez1 & is held by _m to be ! /ronge/ op5+ = ,:ite4 ,! initial moves are3 #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#d2 #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,kt-,,qb#c2 #c4 ,b-,kt#e4 ,) ?is move ,:ite at once attacks ! ,black ,,kp1 ?\gh indirectly1 by ?reat5+ to ex*ange ! ,b = ! ,kt4 ,to make ! capture effective1 h[ev]1 ,:ite mu/ fir/ protect 8 own ,k+'s ,pawn1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be lo/ aft] #d4 ,bx,kt1 ,q,px,b2 #e4 ,ktx,p1 ,q- ,q#e64 ,at fir/1 !re=e1 ,black ne$ n provide aga9/ ! ?reat5$ ex*ange4 ,i %all treat at "s l5g? ! v>i\s def5ces f :i* ,black c *oose1 & 9 /udy+ ?is mo/ important ,k+'s side op5+1 we %all h occasion to note _m po9ts ( g5]al int]e/ = op]ations 9 ! c5tre4 ,broadly speak+1 two entirely diff]5t sy/ems ( def5ce c be di/+ui%$3 ei!r ,black w try to ma9ta9 8 c5tre pawn1 or else1 giv+ up ! c5tre1 try to ga9 "s o!r advantage z comp5sation4 ,black c only ma9ta9 8 c5tre pawn if he c prev5t 8 ,q,kt f be+ ex*ang$4 ,z is readily se51 ,:ite c attack ,black's ,,kp a second "t ) ,p-,q#d1 :il/ aft] ,black's ,p-,q#c any o!r def5sive move w\ld h9d] developm5t4 ,^! consid]ations lead to ! fir/ ma9 l9e ( def5ce 9 :i* ,black plays #c4 444 ,p-,,qr#c4 ,aft] #d4 ,b-,r#d ,black has ! option ( releas+ ! p9 by play+ ,p-,q,kt#d at "s opportune mom5t4 ,if ,:ite elects to ex*ange 8 ,bi%op = ! ,kt =?)1 he c remove ! ,black c5tre pawn aft] #d4 444 ,q,px,b by play+ #e4 ,p- ,q#d1 b ! ex*ange ( ! ,b = ! ,kt gives ,black a free developm5t & 9 consequ5ce a good game4 7,comp>e note to move #d 9 ,game ,no4 #ab47 ,diagram #bb reproduces a typical position 9 ?is def5ce4 ,! m usual cont9uation = ,:ite is #d4 ,b-,r#d1 ,kt-,b#c2 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bb4 #e4 ,ca/les2 he does n tr\ble to protect 8 ,,kp z its capture w\ld all[ 8 ,rook an op5 file on :i* to act aga9/ ! oppos+ ,k+ 7comp>e ,games ,nos4 #ad & #ag7 #e4 444 ,b-,k#b4 ,n[ ,black c capture ! ,,kp )\t mu* risk1 z ! ,bi%op is on ! ,k+'s file4 #f4 ,r-,k#a1 ,:ite cov]s 8 pawn1 & !reby ?reat5s to w9 a pawn by ,bx,kt4 ,!re=e ,black mu/ n delay play+ #f4 444 ,p-,q,kt#d4 ,aft] #g4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,p-,q#c2 7,diagram #bb7 ,:ite _c yet execute ! manuvre :i* und]lies ! :ole t5d5cy ( ! ,ruy ,lopez1 namely ,p-,q#d1 ma9ta9+ ! pressure 9 ! c5tre1 because aft] ,ktx,q,p1 #i4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #aj4 ,qx,p8 ,:ite loses a piece ?r\gh #aj4 444 ,p-,b#d1 etc4 ,x is !re=e necess>y to play ,p- ,,qb#c fir/4 ,:ite c\ld also obta9 a rapid developm5t by ,kt-,b#c1 ,p-,q#c1 ,b-,k#c or ,kt#e1 b ?is arrangem5t is n popul>1 because ,black c play ,kt-,,qr#d & ex*ange ! valuable ,,kb4 ,! pawn at ,,qb#c supports an advance 9 ! c5tre1 & also provides a retreat = ! ,,kb4 ,! ,q,kt c be develop$ 9 ?is way3 ,kt-,q#b- ,b#a-,kt#c or ,k#c4 ,black1 h[ev]1 mu/ try to r\nd (f 8 pawn position on ! ,que5's side1 by mov+ 8 ,,qbp into l9e4 ,black's pawns at ,k#d & ,,qb#d !n ex]t a pressure on ,:ite's ,q#d4 ,& ?is pressure ?reat5s to be re9=c$ by ,b-,kt#e4 ,f ^! consid]ations ! foll[+ developm5t seems to be natural3 #h4 ,p-,b#c1 ,kt-,,qr#d2 #i4 ,b-,b#b1 ,p-,b#d2 #aj4 ,p-,q#d1 ,q-,b#b 7to support ! ,,kp72 x leads to ! position 9 ,diagram #bc4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,q ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bc4 #aa4 ,p-,,kr#c ,"o ( ! few in/ances 9 :i* ?is pawn move is ju/ifi$4 ,x deprives ,black's ,,qb ( its only good squ>e1 & saves ! ,k ,kt1 ! co-op]ation ( :i* is urg5tly ne$$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is sy/em ( op5+ w receive m exhau/ive treatm5t "u ! head+ ( 8,middle ,game40 7,comp>e ,game ,no4 #ab47 ,9 ! second ma9 l9e ( def5ce1 ( :i* ,i %all treat n[1 ,black r5\nces ! ma9t5ance ( 8 ,,kp1 & makes an attempt to f9d comp5sation by attack+ ,:ite's ,k+'s ,pawn4 ,! ,k+'s file1 op5$ by ! disappe>ance ( ! ,black pawn1 (f]s opportunities = t purpose4 ,aft] ! fir/ few moves we arrive at ! foll[+ position1 :i* --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,b ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bd4 may be rea*$ ?us3 #c4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,p-,q#c2 #d4 ,p-,q#d1 ,b-,q#b2 #e4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,kt- ,b#c2 #f4 ,ca/les1 ,b-,k#b2 #g4 ,r-,k#a1 ,px,p2 #h4 ,ktx,p1 ,ca/les4 ,! ex*ange on ! sev5? move is compulsory1 because ! loss ( a pawn aft] ,bx,kt is 9 effect ?reat5$1 n[ t ! ,:ite ,,kp is support$ by ! ,rook4 ,black's int5tion ( ex]t+ pressure on ! ,,kp is n[ difficult ( execution1 because 8 pieces are v cramp$ & h9d] "o ano!r 9 a re/rict$ area4 ,! ,,kb 9 p>ticul> _c be br\ght into action )\t great difficulty1 = in/ance by3 ,r- ,k#a1 ,b-,,kb#a1 ,p-,k,kt#c1 & ,b-,kt#b4 ,x is !re=e advisable = ,:ite to develop 8 ,,qb at ,kt#b in/ead ( at ,kt#e1 9 ord] n to give ,black a *ance ( ex*ang+ 8 tr\blesome ,bi%op4 7,9 a game ,b]n/e9-,emanuel ,lask]1 ,mosc[1 #aiad1 !re happ5$ #i4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #aj4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,p-,,kr#c2 #aa4 ,b-,r#d1 ,kt-,r#b2 #ab4 ,bx,b1 ,qx,b ) a good game = ,black47 ,! def5ce has a totally diff]5t tr5d1 if ,black gives up 8 own ,,kp1 b captures ! ,:ite ,,kp at once4 ,i h already po9t$ out t ,:ite w\ld n m9d 8 ,,kp be+ tak51 9 view ( ! attack on ! op5 ,k+'s file4 ,let u n[ consid] 9 :i* way ?is attack c be plann$4 ,!re are two ess5tially diff]5t l9es1 accord+ to :e!r ,black int]polates ,p-,,qr#c or n4 ,aft] #c4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,kt-,b#c2 #d4 ,ca/les1 ,ktx,p2 #e4 ,r-,k#a1 ,black gets out ( x com=tably by play+ ,kt-,q#c1 ,b-,k#b & ,ca/les1 & ,:ite _c p]man5tly prev5t ,black's game f be+ fre$ by ! advance ( ! ,,qp4 ,p-,q#d = ,:ite on ! fif? move is !re=e /rong]4 ,black _c v well ex*ange ! pawns1 leav+ ! ,k+'s file q expos$1 & mu/ submit to ,:ite play+ ,px,p1 ma9ta9+ ! pawn at ,k#e & prev5t+ ,black's ,p-,q#d = "s "t to come4 ,! op5+ might cont9ue 9 ?is way3 #e4 ,p-,q#d1 ,b-,k#b2 #f4 ,q-,k#b1 ,kt-,q#c2 #g4 ,bx,kt1 ,kt,px,b 7to make room = ! ,kt72 #h4 ,px,p1 ,kt-,kt#b 7,diagram #be74 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #be ,! :ole ( ! manuvres n[ c5tre r\nd ,black's endeav\rs to =ce 8 ,p-,q#d1 & ,:ite's attempt to prev5t x4 ,black ultimately ga9s 8 po9t1 z w be se51 b at ! exp5se ( su* disadvantages 9 ! pawn position t x is que/ionable :e!r ! :ole v>iation 7call$ ! ,rio de ,janeiro ,def5ce7 is playable4 #i4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,ca/les2 #aj4 ,r-,k#a1 ,kt-,b#d 7! ,knight is to be po/$ at ,k#c to br+ ! ,:ite ,k,kt away f 8 ,q#d1 :5ce he prev5ts ! advance ( ,black's ,,qp by attack+ ,,qb#f72 #aa4 ,kt-,q#d1 ,kt-,k#c2 #ab4 ,b-,k#c1 ,ktx,kt2 #ac4 ,bx,kt1 ,p-,b#d2 #ad4 ,b-,k#c1 ,p-,q#d2 #ae4 ,px,p e4p41 ,bx,p4 ,?is is ! critical position 9 ! ,rio de ,janeiro def5ce4 ,black has succe$$ 9 elim9at+ ! ,:ite c5tre pawn1 & sweeps long diagonals ) 8 ,bi%ops1 b ! advantage _c be ma9ta9$4 ,:ite ex*anges ! ,bi%op at ,q#f1 & !re rema9s a backw>d pawn1 :i* ,black w h>dly be able to hold p]man5tly4 ,9 practice x has be5 %[n t ! end-game %\ld be won by ,:ite 9 spite ( ,bi%ops ( opposite col\rs1 z ,black's pawn at 8 ,,qb#d is difficult to def5d4 #af4 ,kt-,k#d1 ,b-,kt#b2 #ag4 ,ktx,b 7n ,bx,p because ( ,bx,b2 #ah4 ,ktx,b1 ,bx,p foll[$ by ,q-,kt#d;*71 ,px,kt2 #ah4 ,q ,r-,q#a & ,p-,,qb#d4 ,! game is mu* m fav\rable = ,black if he fir/ plays #c4 444 ,p-,,qr#c1 & reta9s ! option ( driv+ ! ,:ite ,,kb away by ,p-,q,kt#d1 aft] :i* ,p-,q#d c be en=c$ v soon4 #c4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,p- ,,qr#c2 #d4 ,b-,r#d1 ,kt-,b#c2 #e4 ,ca/les1 ,ktx,p2 #f4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,q,kt#d2 #g4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,p-,q#d2 #h4 ,px,p1 ,b-,k#c1 #i4 ,p-,b#c4 ,n[ ,black's pieces are m mobile1 & t is ! reason :y ?is sy/em ( def5ce is becom+ m popul> ?an any o!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x _c be d5i$ t ,black's pawn =mation on ! ,q side is weak1 & t 8 c5tre is less secure4 ,:il/ ,:ite has a pawn firmly po/$ 9 ! c5tre1 ,black has a ,knight !re :i* w soon be driv5 away4 ,:ite's ,q#d1 ! basis ( 8 c5tre1 is entirely 9 8 h&s1 :il/ ,black's ,q#d is expos$ to a /eady pressure by ! ,:ite pieces4 ,f9ally ,black's ,q,kt is unfav\rably plac$1 ob/ruct+ z x does ! ,,qbp & prev5t+ its fall+ into l9e ) its fell[s4 ,diagram #bf %[s ! position aft] #i4 ,p-,b#c4 ,! latt] move prev5ts ! ex*ange ( ! ,b aft] ,black's ,kt-,r#d1 an ex*ange :i* w\ld all[ ,black to r\nd up 8 pawn =mation ) ,p- ,,qb#d4 ,! exp]ts are n yet agre$ z to ! be/ cont9uation = ,black 9 ?is critical position4 ,to be consid]$ are ! moves ,b-,,qb#d1 ,b-,k#b & ,kt-,b#d4 ,b-,k#b is pref]r$ n[adays to ,b- ,,qb#d1 z ,,qb#d %\ld be kept free = ! ,k,kt 9 case ! latt] is driv5 f 8 dom9at+ position1 e4g4 #aj4 ,r-,k#a & #aa4 ,q ,kt- ,q#b4 ,= if 9 t case ,black ex*anges ! ,knights1 he only fur!rs ,:ite's developm5t )\t do+ any?+ t[>ds /r5g!n+ 8 ,q#d4 ,if ,black cov]s ! ,knight ) ,p-,b#d1 ,:ite plays ,px,p e4p4 & ,kt-,kt#e1 rids himself ( ,black's ,,qb1 & !reby weak5s ,black's ,,qp /ill m4 ,kt-,b#d w\ld !re=e seem to be ! be/ *oice1 z ! ,,qb becomes mobile aga9 aft] ,:ite's ,b-,b#b1 nor c ,:ite --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bf4 play ,p-,q#d z yet4 ,! position 9 ! diagram !re=e leads to ! foll[+ v>iations3 ,a4 #i4 444 ,b-,k#b2 #aj4 ,r-,k#a1 ,ca/les2 #aa4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,kt-,b#d2 #ab4 ,b-,b#b1 ,b-,k,kt#e4 ,?is manuvre 0 introduc$ by ,em4 ,lask] 7,petrograd1 #aiji4 ,= fur!r p>ticul>s see ,game ,no4 #ae74 ,b4 #i4 444 ,kt-,b#d2 #aj4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,p-,q#e 7,capablanca-,em4 ,lask]1 ,petrograd1 #aiad72 or #i4 444 ,b-,k#b2 #aj4 ,r-,k#a1 ,ca/les2 #aa4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,kt-,b#d2 #ab4 ,b-,b#b1 ,p-,q#e 7,em4 ,lask]-,t>ras*1 ,petrograd1 #aiad74 ,capablanca believes t ! e>ly advance ( ,p-,q#e c be refut$ by ,kt-,k#d1 e4g4 #i4 444 ,b-,k#b2 #aj4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,kt-,b#d2 #aa4 ,b-,b#b1 ,p-,q#e2 #ab4 ,kt-,k#d1 ,px,p2 #ac4 ,ktx,kt1 ,bx,kt2 #ad4 ,b-,k#d1 ,q-,q#b2 #ae4 ,q-,b#b or ,px,p4 ,! op5+s z sket*$ out up to ?is po9t give a suffici5tly cle> idea ( ! possibilities ( comb9+ s\nd developm5t ) an attempt to capture ! c5tre aft] ! op5+ moves #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#d4 ,9 mo/ cases1 ,black's c5tre pawn be+ op5 to attack by ,:ite's ,p-,q#d1 we f9d an e>ly break-up ( ! c5tre1 & concurr5tly ! op5+ ( ! ,ks or ,qs file = ! ,rooks4 ,t is :y games op5$ 9 ?is fa%ion h be5 class$ v g5]ally z 8op510 :il/ all ! o!r op5+s are call$ 8close games40 ,lately ! di/9ction has be5 ab&on$1 & v rightly1 s9ce 9 ! latt] op5+s1 too1 ! c5tre c be cle>$ occasionally4 ,we atta9 typical close positions :5 ,black does n play #a4 444 ,p-,k#d 9 answ] to #a4 ,p-,k#d1 b rel9qui%es all claim on 8 ,k#d & takes possession ( 8 ,q#d in/ead1 leav+ ,:ite ! option ( int]lock+ ! pawns 9 ! c5tre ) ,p-,k#e4 ,on pr9ciple x does n seem advisable = ,black to play ,p-,q#d on ! fir/ move 9 reply to #a4 ,p-,k#d4 ,al?\gh ,:ite's c5tre pawn disappe>s aft] #b4 ,px,p1 ,qx,p1 ,black loses a move ?r\gh #c4 ,kt- ,,qb#c1 & 8 ,que5 has no place f :i* x _c be driv5 away v soon1 unless x be at ,q#a4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld am\nt to an admission ( ! inf]iority ( ! :ole ( ,black's plan4 ,!re are two moves :i* des]ve consid]ation z a prelim9>y to ,p-,q#d1 namely1 #a4 444 ,p-,k#c 7,fr5* ,def5ce7 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bg & ,p-,,qb#c 7,c>o-,kann def5ce74 ,aft] #b4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,q#d1 we atta9 ! positions set out 9 ! ,diagrams #bg & #bh1 to :i* we mu/ devote a good deal ( att5tion4 ,^! op5+s are wor?y ( /udy z be+ especially int]e/+ examples ( ! /ruggle = ! c5tre4 ,z e>ly z ! ?ird move1 ,:ite has to take an important decision4 ,is he to play ,p-,k#e & prev5t ! op5+ ( --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bh ! ,k or ,q file = a long "t to come1 or %\ld he proce$ to develop 8 pieces1 & leave ,black ! option ( anticipat+ ! block+ ( ! c5tre by play+ ,px,p himself8 ,i %all fir/ turn my att5tion to ^? games 9 :i* ,:ite plays ,p-,k#e1 />t+ ) ! ,fr5* ,def5ce1 aft] :i* ! ,c>o-,kann ,def5ce w be easily und]/ood4 ,! position :i* ensues 9 ! c5tre aft] #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#c2 #b4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,q#d2 #c4 ,p-,k#e1 divides ! bo>d diagonally1 & x is easy to recognise r\ghly ! ma9 l9es ( play :i* w gov]n ! game4 ,:ite has m scope on ! ,k+'s side1 :]e 8 pieces w h great] mobility1 & prospects ( attack4 ,black's *ances are on ! ,que5's side4 ,bo? sides w h to advance m pawns 9 ord] to obta9 op5+s = _! ,rooks1 & use !m = ! attack1 s9ce !y h no future on ! ,k & ,q files1 z 0 ! case 9 ! op5+s m5tion$ hi!rto4 ,! obvi\s moves to ?is end are3 = ,:ite ! advance ( ! ,,kbp1 = ,black t ( ! ,,qbp & sometimes ev5 ( ! ,q,kt,p1 t is :5 ! ,,qbp has n be5 ex*ang$ = ! oppos+ ,,qp1 b has pu%$ on to ,b#e4 ,9 ,diagrams #bi & #cj we see ! *a9s ( pawns =m$ by ^! manuvres4 ,:ite's pawn attack is m dang]\s ?an ,black's1 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #bi because x involves a direct assault on ! ,k+4 ,& we %all see t ,black w usually be compell$ to susp5d op]ations on ! ,que5's side tempor>ily1 to w>d (f ! /orm by ! --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #cj ,:ite ,pawns on ! ,k+'s side4 ,he w attempt ?is ei!r by ,p- ,,kb#c attack+ ,:ite's c5tre or by ,p-,,kb#d prev5t+ ,:ite f play+ ,p-,b#e4 ,9 ! latt] case ,:ite c only make a brea* 9 ! ,black b>ri] by play+ ,p-,k,kt#d z well4 ,^! manuvres result 9 ! pawn =mations giv5 9 ,diagrams #ca & #cb4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ca ,we mu/ n[ turn to ! developm5t ( ! pieces correspond+ to ^! pawn skeletons4 ,if ,:ite plays ,p-,k#e --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #cb on 8 ?ird move1 he prev5ts ! ,black ,k,kt f rea*+ ,,kb#c1 :5ce he might h mov$ to ,q#b4 ,?is is a desirable position1 f :i* he c\ld support ! advance ( ,p-,,qb#d4 ,b ! ,knight has o!r *ances ( developm5t1 to ,,kr#c & ,b#d1 :5ce he c take 8 %>e 9 ! attack on ! ,:ite ,pawn at ,q#d4 ,9 consequ5ce ,:ite mu/ po/pone ,p-,,kb#d 9 ord] n to int]cept ! action ( ! ,,qb on ,r#f4 ,n[1 9 t case ,:ite's ,pawn at 8 ,k#e has n suffici5t support aga9/ ! attack by ,black's ,p-,,kb#c 7,diagram #ca71 & ! latt] move gives ,black ! advantage4 ,! two ma9 v>iations illu/rative ( ^! consid]ations are3 ,i #c4 ,p-,k#e ,p-,,qb#d #d4 ,p-,,qb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,p-,,kb#d ,px,p #f4 ,px,p ,q-,kt#c #g4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,r#c ,,ii #c4 ,p-,k#e ,p-,,qb#d #d4 ,p-,,qb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,kt-,b#c ,p-,b#c ,9 bo? cases ! initiative falls to ,black1 9 ! fir/ ?r\gh ! attack on ,:ite's ,q#d1 ! ma9/ay ( ,:ite's c5tre2 9 ! second ?r\gh attack on ,:ite's ,k#e1 ! ,:ite c5tre itself4 ,we mu/ !re=e consid] ,:ite's advance ( ,p-,k#e on ! ?ird move z premature4 ,let u n[ f9d out :e!r x is advantage\s to effect ! same subsequ5tly4 ,a develop+ move c be int]polat$1 e4g4 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c4 ,if ,:ite plays ,p-,k#e n[ he ga9s "t = 8 advance ( ,p-,,kb#d1 z ,black's ,knight mu/ retreat4 ,on ! o!r h& he _c n[ ma9ta9 8 pawn at ,q#d1 z he has block$ 8 ,,qbp4 ,we arrive at ! foll[+ plan ( developm5t3 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,p-,k#e ,k,kt-,q#b #e4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,,qb#d #f4 ,px,p ,kt-,,qb#c ,if ,black 7 to play ,bx,p at once1 ,:ite c\ld play ,q-,kt#d ) an attack on ! ,knight's ,pawn4 ,t is ! object ( ,black's wait+ move4 ,:ite mu/ ei!r play #g4 ,kt-,b#c1 :i* prev5ts 8 ,q-,kt#d1 or #g4 ,b-,q#c1 aft] :i* ,black w\ld take ! pawn on ,b#d ) 8 ,knight1 gett+ rid ( ! ,:ite ,bi%op4 #g4 ,q-,kt#d at once w\ld be answ]$ by ,p-,b#d4 #g4 ,kt-,b#c ,bx,p #h4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,b#d ,black _c ca/le yet1 on acc\nt ( ! foll[+ ?reat1 :i* ,i give 9 full because x occurs frequ5tly 9 practice3 #h4 444 ,ca/les2 #i4 ,bx,pch1 ,kx,b2 #aj4 ,kt-,kt#e;*1 ,k-,kt#a3 #aa4 ,q-,r#e1 ,r- ,k#a2 #ab4 ,qx,pch2 #ac4 ,q-,r#e;*2 #ad4 ,q-,r#g;*2 #ae4 ,q-,r#h;*2 #af4 ,qx,p mate4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #cc ,! position 9 ! diagram seems fav\rable to ,black z ,:ite _c ca/le = "s "t4 ,= t reason ano!r l9e ( play has come to ! =e 9 :i* ,:ite ex*anges 8 inactive ,,qb = ,black's tr\blesome ,,kb4 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #e4 ,p-,k#e ,k,kt-,q#b #f4 ,bx,b ,qx,b --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #cd ,:ite has n[ ! *oice ( two l9es ( developm5t4 ,he c ei!r prep>e = ,p-,,qb#c to support 8 ,,qp4 or he c develop 8 ,k+'s side1 hold+ ! ,p at ,k#e only ,i #g4 ,kt-,kt#e ,kt-,kt#c #h4 ,p-,,qb#c ,p-,,qr#c #i4 ,kt-,,qr#c ,p-,,qb#d #aj4 ,p-,,kb#d ,kt-,b#c #aa4 ,kt-,b#b ,ca/les #ab4 ,kt-,b#c ,b-,q#b #ac4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,b#d ,! sacrifice ,bx,pch1 z m5tion$ above1 0 ?reat5$4 #ad4 ,ca/les ,kt-,r#e #ae4 ,r-,kt#a ,p-,q,kt#d ,if ,:ite does n wi% to lose s _m moves ) 8 ,kt1 he c effect ! int5d$ protection ( 8 ,,qp z foll[s3 #g4 ,q-,q#b ,p-,,qr#c n ,p-,,qb#d at once1 because ( ,kt-,kt#e4 #h4 ,kt-,q#a ,p-,,qb#d #i4 ,p-,,qb#c ,,ii #g4 ,p-,b#d ,ca/les #h4 ,kt-,b#c ,p-,,qb#d #i4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,b#d #aj4 ,ca/les ,kt-,,qb#c & s on4 ,9 bo? cases ,:ite has an easy developm5t1 :il/ ,black has no conv5i5t squ>e = 8 ,que5's ,bi%op4 ,to avoid ?is drawback ,rub9/e9 has evolv$ ! foll[+ v>iation1 9 :i* provision is made f ! fir/ = ! fre$om ( action ( ! ,que5's ,bi%op3 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,px,p to op5 ! diagonal = ! ,bi%op at ,q,kt#b1 e4g43 #e4 ,ktx,p ,q,kt-,q#b #f4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,b-,k#b foll[$ by ,p-,q,kt#c & ,b-,kt#b4 ,we w n[ leave ! ,fr5* def5ce & turn our att5tion to ! ,c>o-,kann1 ( :i* ! initial position 0 %[n 9 ,diagram #bh4 ,"h also we f9d two ess5tially diff]5t sy/ems ( developm5t1 accord+ to :e!r ,:ite plays ,p-,k#e or gives ,black ! option ( ex*ang+ pawns by #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c4 ,9 ! fir/ case a v noticeable diff]5ce f ! ,fr5* def5ce is1 t ,black c br+ out 8 ,que5's ,bi%op4 ,"h ! process ( developm5t may be3 #c4 ,p-,k#e ,b-,b#d #d4 ,b-,q#c ,bx,b ,n ,b-,kt#c1 because ,:ite c\ld play ,p-,k#f6 & p>alyse ! :ole ( ,black's game by prev5t+ 8 play+ ! ,k+'s ,pawn4 #e4 ,qx,b ,p-,k#c #f4 ,kt-,k#b or ,,kr#c ,?r\gh ?is ! move ,p-,,kb#d1 :i* fits into ?is pawn =mation1 is kept 9 res]ve4 ,:ile ,:ite's developm5t is easy & natural1 ,black has difficulty 9 f9d+ good places = 8 ,k+'s side pieces4 ,! game c proce$ g5]ally speak+ on ! l9es ( ! ,fr5* def5ce4 ,only ,black c h>dly attack ,:ite's c5tre ) ,p-,b#c1 s9ce ! ,pawn at ,k#c w\ld be weak 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ,que5's ,bi%op4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,black w\ld be a move beh9d ) an attack on ! ,que5's side1 s9ce to rea* ,,qb#d 8 pawn w\ld h made two moves in/ead ( "o z 9 ! ,fr5* def5ce4 ,a c]ta9 comp5sation lies 9 ! fact t ,:ite's attack+ ,k+'s ,bi%op has be5 ex*ang$4 ,9 practical play x has nev]!less be5 %[n t ,:ite's attack is m likely to succe$1 & = ?is reason a v>iation introduc$ by ,niemz[its* has be5 tri$ sev]al times2 x aims at ! ex*ange ( ,que5s 9 ord] to weak5 & ret>d ,:ite's ?reat5$ attack1 & to ga9 "t = ,que5's side op]ations4 #f4 444 ,q-,kt#c #g4 ,ca/les ,q-,r#c or ,kt#d ,b aft] #h4 ,kt-,b#d1 ,qx,q2 #i4 ,ktx,q1 ,:ite is s mu* ahead ) 8 developm5t t ,black's *ance ( equalis+ ! game w\ld seem que/ionable4 ,if ,:ite plays ,kt-,,kr#c on 8 six? move1 he foils at once ,black's attempt ( =c+ an ex*ange ( ,que5s1 z he c\ld play #h4 ,q- ,k,kt#c4 ,on ! :ole we c conclude t 9 ! ,c>o-,kann def5ce ,:ite obta9s a good game by #c4 ,p-,k#e4 ,a l9e ( play :i* us$ to be 9 vogue1 namely1 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,px,p2 #d4 ,ktx,p1 ,kt-,b#c2 #e4 ,ktx,ktch1 ,k,px,kt or ,kt,px,kt1 gives ,black an ev5 *ance1 = al?\gh he loses 8 c5tre pawn he obta9s a good developm5t1 & lat] 9 ! game he has opportunities ( ex]cis+ pressure on ,:ite's ,,qp ?r\gh 8 op5 ,q file4 ,except ! ,fr5* def5ce & ! ,c>o-,kann1 !re is no game 9 :i* an irregul> reply to ,:ite's #a4 ,p-,k#d necessitates any special consid]ations ei!r 9 developm5t ( pieces or pawn =mation4 ,9 all su* cases x is suffici5t to ma9ta9 ! pawn c5tre & to occupy su* squ>es ) ! pieces1 :5ce !y _c be driv5 away ) ! loss ( a move4 ,j "o example3 ,if ,black plays #a4 444 ,p-,,qb#d 7,sicilian def5ce71 ,:ite w n play 8 ,k+'s ,bi%op to ,b#d1 because ,black c reply ,p- ,k#c1 & ga9 a move by ,p-,q#d4 ,b4 ,let u n[ consid] ! op5+s 9 :i* ! fir/ move is #a4 ,p-,q#d on ei!r side4 ,"h ! c5tre _c be cle>$ z e>ly z 9 ! op5+s beg9n+ ) #a4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,k#d4 ,! advance ( a second c5tre pawn1 :i* !re l$ to a cle>ance1 is n feasible 9 ?is case4 ,:ite does n comm& 8 ,k#d1 & = "s "t to come he w be unable to advance ! ,k pawn beyond ,k#c4 ,9 consequ5ce ! ,k file does n seem a likely op5+ = ! ,rooks1 & ano!r file mu/ be f\nd = !m4 ,! conclusions arriv$ at = ,black 9 ! ,fr5* def5ce hold good = bo? sides 9 ! op5+ n[ "u consid]ation1 & accord+ly ! ,,qb file is t mo/ advantage\s = ! ,rooks4 ,! advance ( ! ,,qbp /rikes at ! oppos+ c5tre1 &1 t be+ ( p>am\nt importance1 ! ,que5's ,knight mu/ n be develop$ at ,b#c be=e ! ,,qbp has be5 pu%$ on4 ,ano!r developm5t might be conceivable = ! ,rooks2 viz4 on ! ,,kb file1 & also ! ,k,kt or ,,kr file2 "h1 z we %all see1 an occasion may arise = /orm+ ! oppos+ ,k+'s side by a pawn attack4 ,b 9 ?is case1 too1 al?\gh x seems unnecess>y to play ! ,,qbp1 x is advisable to develop ! ,knight via ,q#b1 z !re is a con/ant ?reat ( ! ,,qb file be+ =c$ op5 subsequ5tly by ! oppos+ =ces4 ,we w />t ) ! games 9 :i* ! ,,qb ,pawns are play$ 9 ! e>lie/ /ages ( ! op5+1 s t ! pawn skeleton 9 ,diagram #ce =ms ! basis ( developm5t4 ,! sequ5ce ( moves is ( mom5t1 because ! advance ( ! ,,kp1 :e!r =c$ or n1 det]m9es ! possibility ( br++ out ! ,q ,bi%ops4 ,! simple/ process ( developm5t bas$ on ,diagram #ce is ! foll[+1 9 :i* bo? sides block up ! ,,qb4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ce #b4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,b#d #e4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,b-,q#c ,b-,q#c #g4 ,ca/les4 ,ca/les ,! only useful squ>e = ! ,,qb's on ei!r side is n[ at ,kt#b1 & #h4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,p-,q,kt#c are indicat$4 ,to play ,p-,q,kt#c be=e ca/l+ is v dang]\s1 because ,black c play ,px,q,p & p9 ! ,:ite ,q,kt ) ,b-,kt#e1 =c+ ,b-,q#b1 :5 ,b-,kt#b 0 ! move int5d$1 e4g4 #f4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,b,px,p2 #g4 ,k,px,p1 ,b-,kt#e2 #h4 ,b-,kt#b1 ,kt-,k#e2 #i4 ,q-,b#b1 ,q-,r#d2 #aj4 ,r-,,qb#a1 ,qx,p4 ,9 ord] n to rel9qui% ! squ>e at ,q,kt#d to ,black1 ,:ite c also try ! foll[+ manuvre3 #f4 ,px,b,p ,bx,p #g4 ,p-,,qr#c ,ca/les #h4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,b-,q#c #i4 ,b-,kt#b ,if ,black imitates ,:ite's moves1 viz4 #i4 444 ,px,p2 #aj4 ,bx,p1 ,p-,,qr#c2 #aa4 ,ca/les1 ,p-,q,kt#d2 #ab4 ,b-,q#c1 ,b-,kt#b1 ! result is ! symmetrical position 9 ,diagram #cf4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #cf ,:5 treat+ ( ! middle game1 we %all f9d t ev5 9 ?is app>5tly fully equalis$ position ! influ5ce ( ! fir/ move is /ill at "w4 ,9 ord] to obta9 a m ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! ,que5's ,pawn game1 we mu/ n[ turn our att5tion v closely to ! op5+ moves4 ,already on ! second move ,:ite c play #b4 ,p-,,qb#d & turn ! game into a ,que5's gambit1 :i* ,black c ei!r accept or decl9e4 ,black w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 play+ #b4 444 ,px,p1 & s fur!r+ ,:ite's object ( gett+ 8 7,black's7 ,que5's ,pawn away1 if he c\ld p]man5tly hold ! gambit pawn1 or if ! giv+ up ( ! squ>e at ,q#d fits into a reason$ sy/em ( developm5t4 ,! latt] 01 = in/ance1 ! case 9 ! play lead+ to ! position %[n 9 ! ,diagram #cf4 ,b ,black is well advis$ to wait until ,:ite has mov$ ! ,k+'s ,bi%op be=e tak+ ! pawn on 8 ,,qb#e4 ,?is =ces ! ,bi%op to move twice1 & ,black rega9s ! move he lo/ 9 8 developm5t1 :5 he play$ ,px,p4 ,x w\ld be q incorrect to try to hold ! pawn by ,p-,q,kt#d z foll[s3 #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,px,p #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,q,kt#d #e4 ,p-,,qr#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #cg ,if n[ ,black answ]s ,px,p1 ,:ite simply plays ,bx,p & ! ,p at ,r#e is lo/ v soon4 ,if ,black plays in/ead3 #e4 444 ,p-,b#c1 ,:ite w9s back 8 pawn ) #f4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,px,kt ,p2 #g4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #h4 ,bx,pch by ,qx,p1 & moreov] is mu* ahead ) 8 developm5t4 ,^! consid]ations po9t to ! conclusion t aft] #b4 ,p-,,qb#d !re is no inducem5t = ,black to take ! pawn4 ,on ! contr>y1 he w cov] 8 c5tre pawn1 :i* ,:ite wi%es to tempt away1 ei!r ) ,p-,k#c or ,p-,,qb#c4 ,! attempt to develop ! ,que5's ,bi%op be=e play+ ,p-,k#c is n to be recomm5d$1 because ! ,q ,kt's pawn rema9s unprotect$ & op5 to an imm$iate attack by #c4 ,q-,kt#c4 ,( ! two rema9+ replies1 #b4 444 ,p-,k#c & #b4 444 ,p-,,qb#c1 ,i w fir/ discuss ! =m]1 z be+ ! m natural ( ! two1 s9ce ,p-,,qb#c does n fit into ! s*eme = op5+ ! ,,qb file = ! ,rooks4 ,:ite1 on ! o!r h&1 c br+ out 8 ,,qb be=e play+ ,p-,k#c1 9 ?is way3 #b4 ,p-,,qb#d1 ,p-,k#c2 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #d4 ,b-,kt#e1 & ! game might proce$ z foll[s3 #d4 444 ,q ,kt-,q#b4 7,diagram #ch47 ,no fault c be f\nd ) ?is move1 al?\gh x blocks ! ,bi%op1 s9ce ! latt] c only be develop$ effectively at ,kt#b4 ,moreov]1 ! ,knight at ,q#b supports ! project$ ,p-,b#d4 ,:ite _c w9 a pawn n[ ) #e4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #f4 ,ktx,p1 because ( ,ktx,kt2 #g4 ,bx,q1 ,b-,kt#e;*4 ,!re=e #e4 ,p-,k#c mu/ be play$ fir/1 & aft] ,b-,k#b2 #f4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,ca/les2 #g4 ,r-,b#a1 ,p-,q,kt#c2 #h4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #i4 ,b-,q#c1 ,b-,kt#b1 all ! pieces h f\nd rational developm5t4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ch ,q a diff]5t sy/em ( op5+ ensues1 :5 ,black does n delay pu%+ ! ,p to ,,qb#d until aft] 8 pieces are develop$1 b makes ! advance on 8 ?ird move4 ,"h ,black has ! advantage ( be+ able to avoid ! p9n+ ( 8 ,knight by ! oppos+ ,,qb4 #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,p-,k#c #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,p-,,qb#d #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,,qb#c6 ,n[ ,black ?reat5s ,q,px,p ) an attack on ,:ite's ,que5's ,pawn4 ,if ,:ite plays ,p-,k#c we get ! position m5tion$ 9 connection ) ,diagram #ce4 ,if he wi%es to br+ out 8 ,,qb fir/1 he mu/ anticipate ,black's ?reat by ,b,px,p4 ,aft] #e4 ,b,px,p ,k,px,p ! ?ird ( ! typical ma9 positions 9 ! ,que5's gambit ensues1 & is giv5 9 ,diagram #ci4 ,two cont9uations mu/ n[ be consid]$4 ,:ite c ei!r develop 8 ,,kb at ,kt#b1 & conc5trate on ! ,black ,,qp1 :i* is some:at weak1 or he c place ! ,,kb on "o ( ! available squ>es betwe5 ,b#a & ,r#f4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! ,,kp ne$ n be play$ at all1 & ! ,,qb --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ci reta9s ! option ( develop+ at ,kt#e1 ,b#d1 & ev5 ,k#c4 ,9 ! second1 :]e ! ,k mu/ make room = ! ,,kb1 ,:ite mu/ decide at once betwe5 ,b-,b#d or ,kt#e1 & only ,b#d c be s]i\sly consid]$ on acc\nt ( #f4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #g4 ,bx,b ,ktx,b :i* only fur!rs ,black's developm5t4 ,:ite w\ld only be ju/ifi$ 9 ?is c\rse if he c\ld n[ w9 a pawn ) #h4 ,px,p1 b ,black w\ld w9 x back & h ! sup]ior game aft] #h4 444 ,p-,q#e #i4 ,kt-,k#d ,ca/les foll[$ by ,b-,b#d & ,q-,r#d;*4 ,! correct move 9 ?is v>iation is consequ5tly #f4 ,b-,b#d1 & a possible cont9uation w\ld be3 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #g4 ,p-,k#c1 ,b-,k#c2 #h4 ,r-,,qb#a or ,b-,q,kt#e or ,b-,q#c4 ,) ?is we w close ! discussion ( ! v>iations initiat$ by #b4 ,p-,,qb#d1 ,p-,k#c1 & /udy ! reply #b4 444 ,p-,,qb#c4 ,! fir/ "q :i* arises 9 our m9d is3 ,:i* file w ,black be able to utilise = 8 ,rooks8 ,an attempt to free ! ,k+'s file ?r\gh ,p-,k#d is conceivable4 ,b ,:ite c prev5t ?is by simply play+ ,kt-,,kb#c4 ,two o!r possibilities pres5t !mselves3 aft] play+ ,p-,k#c1 ,kt-,b#c & ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,black c\ld /e] into a l9e simil> to ! ,que5's gambit accept$ ) ,px,p & ,p-,,qb#d1 or he c\ld keep ! c5tre clos$ ) ,p-,,kb#d & ,kt-,b#c1 ) ! int5tion ( play+ ,kt-,k#e & us+ ! ,,kb file = activat+ 8 ,rook via ,,kb#c4 ,diagram #dj gives ! position rea*$ aft]3 #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,k#c #d4 ,p-,k#c ,kt-,,kb#d #e4 ,kt-,k#e ,kt-,b#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #dj ,:ite w\ld n accompli% mu* ) #f4 ,p-,,kb#d4 ,! m or less symmetrical l9eup ( ! pieces w\ld mo/ likely lead to a draw aft] ,black prop]ly prep>es free+ 8 hemm$-9 ,bi%op ) ,p-,q,kt#c & ,b-,kt#b4 ,a bett] plan w\ld be #f4 ,p-,b#c1 prev5t+ ,kt- ,k#e & prep>+ ! ev5tual advance ( ! ,k+'s ,pawn to ,k#d4 ,9 reply to #f4 444 1 ,q,kt-,q#b ,:ite w\ld !n r play #g4 ,kt-,q#c ?an ex*ange ,knights1 z aft] ?is ex*ange x w\ld n be too difficult = ,black to br+ 8 ,bi%op into play on ! ,k+'s w+ via ,k#a4 ,bo? ( ,:ite's ,bi%ops w\ld be be/ plac$ on ,kt#b4 ,?is 8,/onewall0 op5+ c also be play$ by ,:ite1 :o is !n a move to ! good 9 ! v>iation j %[n4 ,b ?is op5+ has practically disappe>$ f mod]n t\rnam5t games1 simply because ! ,,qb _c easily be br\ght into play4 ,! foll[+ v>iation is rem9isc5t ( ! 8,/onewall0 9 ! =mation ( ! c5tre pawns4 ,:ite develops 8 ,que5's side j z ,black did 9 ! op5+ %[n 9 connection ) ,diagram #ch4 #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,,qb#d #c4 ,p-,k#c ,kt-,,qb#c #d4 ,b-,q#c ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,p-,k#c #f4 ,b-,kt#b ,b-,q#c #g4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,px,p #h4 ,px,p ,ca/les --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #da ,:ite c n[ settle 8 ,knight at ,k#e1 & initiate a viol5t ,k+'s side attack aft] ca/l+1 by ,p-,,kb#d1 ,q-,b#c1 :i* c\ld be cont9u$ ) ,p-,k,kt#d1 ,k-,r#a1 ,r-,k,kt#a1 & s on4 ,once ! position 9 ,diagram #da has be5 rea*$1 ,black's res\rces aga9/ ! dang]\s onslaught ( ! ,:ite =ces are scanty4 ,yet he c retaliate1 n by mak+ ! simple/ & mo/ obvi\s develop+ moves1 z m5tion$ be=e1 b 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,if ,:ite plays #e4 ,p-,q,kt#c be=e ca/l+1 ,black ex*anges pawns & *ecks ) ! ,que54 ,n[ ,:ite has ! disagreeable *oice betwe5 ,b-,q#b & ,p-,b#c4 ,! =m] mu/ be bad1 be+ contr>y to ! plan ( developm5t z int5d$ by ,p-,q,kt#c4 ,! latt] blocks ! v diagonal on :i* ! ,bi%op 0 meant to op]ate4 ,:ite c op5 up ! diagonal by play+ ,p-,,qb#d aft] ca/l+1 nor w\ld x really imply ! loss ( a move to h play$ ! ,,bp twice1 s9ce ,black mu/ move 8 ,que5 aga9 f ,r#d1 :]e %e has no future4 ,b 9 any case !re rema9s ! disadvantage t ,:ite 0 =c$ to play ! ,,bp1 :il/ be=e he _h ! option ( )hold+ its advance until a m opportune mom5t4 ,ano!r possible subtlety 9 ,black's sequ5ce ( develop+ moves w\ld be to )hold ! advance ( 8 ,,kp until ,:ite has play$ ,p-,q,kt#c1 & !n to play ! ,,qb to ,kt#e4 ,=1 z ,i h already rem>k$1 ! objection to develop+ ,black's ,que5's ,bi%op lies 9 ,:ite's ?reat to attack ,black's ,q,kt,p ) ,q-,kt#c4 ,t possibility disappe>s aft] ,p-,q,kt#c4 ,be=e br++ ! discussion ( ! ,que5's ,pawn op5+ to a close1 ,i may rem>k t 9 t\rnam5ts x has become usual = ,:ite n to play ,p-,,qb#d at once1 b to play ,kt-,,kb#c z a prelim9>y1 9 ord] to avoid ! complications ( ! ,que5's c\nt] gambit3 #b4 ,p-,,qb#d1 ,p-,k#d4 ,if ,:ite plays #c4 ,px,k,p1 ,black's reply is ,p-,q#e1 & ! obvi\s move #d4 ,p-,k#c fails on acc\nt ( ! foll[+ pretty comb9ation3 ,b--,kt#e;*2 #e4 ,b--,q#b1 ,px,p2 #f4 ,bx,b1 ,px,pch2 #g4 ,k-,k#b1 ,px,ktch662 #h4 ,rx,kt1 ,b-,kt#e;*1 etc4 ,in/ead ( #d4 ,p-,k#c1 ,:ite %\ld play ,p-,k,kt#c & develop 8 ,,kb at ,kt#b4 ,black c\ld n[ try to rega9 8 pawn ) ,kt-,k#b-,kt#c1 b he c also sacrifice a pawn by ,p-,,kb#c1 ) a view to rapid developm5t4 ,x n[ only rema9s = u to discov] :e!r ,black has any o!r answ] to ,p-,q#d :i* w\ld necessitate close analysis on ,:ite's "p4 ,"h mu/ be m5tion$3 #a4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c1 #a4 444 ,p-,,qb#d1 & #a4 444 ,p-,,kb#d4 ,! =m] move prep>es ,p-,q#c1 foll[$ by ,p-,k#d4 ,9 ?is op5+ !re is no reason :y ,:ite %\ld play ,p-,,qb#d1 z !re is no prospect ( op5+ ! ,,qb file = ! ,rooks4 ,fur!rmore1 ,black has rel9qui%$ ! squ>e ,q#d & made ,k#d ! basis ( op]ations4 ,x w be m advisable to prev5t ,black f play+ ,p-,k#d z f> z ?is c be a*iev$ 9 con=mity ) a logical developm5t1 e4g4 #a4 ,p-,q#d1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c4 ,n #b4 ,kt- ,,qb#c1 because ,black c\ld !n lead into ! ,que5's gambit by play+ ,p-,q#d & ,p-,,qb#d1 aft] :i* ,:ite has ! disadvantage ( n be+ able to op5 ! ,,qb file4 #b4 444 ,p-,q#c2 #c4 ,b-,b#d1 ,q,kt-,q#b2 #d4 ,p-,k#c4 ,n[ ,black c only en=ce ,p-,k#d aft] ,p-,b#c & ,,qb#b4 ,mean:ile ,:ite mobilises all 8 pieces1 :il/ ,black's ,,qb rema9s block$ & ! ,kt mu/ rema9 at ,q#b to cov] ! ,,kp4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,black ex*anges pawns 9 ord] to free ! ,knight1 !re is no ,black c5tre left4 ,) reg>d to ! second irregul> reply to #a4 ,p-,q#d1 namely1 #a4 444 ,p-,,qb#d1 two ways are op5 to ,:ite4 ,"o is to turn ! op5+ into an ord9>y ,que5's gambit by play+ ,p-,k#c1 on :i* ,black c play ,p-,q#d4 ,! second is to play #b4 ,p-,q#e4 ,black w !n develop 8 ,k+'s side ) ,p-,k,kt#c & ,b-,kt#b4 ,! ,bi%op is well po/$ "h1 & c frequ5tly take up an attack+ position at ,k#d or ,q#e4 7,see ,game ,no4 #de1 ,rub9/e9 v4 ,spielmann47 ,if ,:ite plays #b4 ,px,p1 we h aft] #b4 444 ,p-,k#c a ,que5's gambit accept$ by ,:ite1 &1 z po9t$ out be=e1 ?is l9e ( play is n comm5dable4 ,! la/ ( ! ?ree irregul> answ]s m5tion$ above3 #a4 444 ,p-,,kb#d leads to two entirely diff]5t plans1 accord+ to ! second move *os5 by ,:ite4 ,:ite c conf9e himself to a simple developm5t su* z3 ,kt- ,,kb#c1 ,b-,kt#e1 ,p-,k#c1 ,q,kt-,q#b 7,kt-,b#c w\ld only be good if prec$$ by ,p-,b#d1 because ,black w\ld aga9 lead into a ,que5's gambit ) ,p-,q#d & ,p-,,qb#d74 ,! o!r possibility is ! foll[+3 9 view ( ! fact t #a4 444 ,p-,,kb#d does absolutely no?+ to aid developm5t1 ,:ite c initiate a viol5t attack by giv+ up 8 ,k+'s ,pawn 7,p-,k#d7 & ?us accel]ate 8 own developm5t4 ,! play might be z foll[s3 #b4 444 ,px,p2 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #d4 ,b- ,k,kt#e1 ,p-,b#c 7,p-,q#d8 #e4 ,bx,kt foll[$ by ,q-,r#e;*72 #e4 ,p-,b#c4 ,if ,black takes ! pawn he lays himself op5 to an attack h>d to meet4 ,x seems be/ to play #e4 444 ,p-,k#f1 :i* calls back ! ,:ite ,,qb & leaves ,:ite's ,,bp z a h9drance to ! developm5t ( ! ,k,kt4 ,,irregul> ,,op5+s ,_m op5+s 9 :i* nei!r ,p-,k#d nor ,p-,q#d is ! fir/ move lead to well-kn[n positions by a simple transposition ( moves4 ,= in/ance1 a ,que5's gambit may well h ! foll[+ op5+ moves3 #a4 ,p-,,qb#d1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,p-,k#c2 #c4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,p-,b#d2 #d4 ,p-,k#c1 ,p-,q#d2 #e4 ,p-,q#d1 or a ,fr5* def5ce ^!3 #a4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,p- ,q#d2 #b4 ,p-,q#d1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #c4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,p-,k#c2 #d4 ,p-,k#d4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 sy/ems ( op5+ :i* deviate absolutely f ^? :i* h be5 prov$ s\nd & are 9 g5]al use1 & x is ^? op5+s t puzzle ! beg9n] mo/ ( all4 ,he says3 ,:at is ! good ( le>n+ correct op5+s1 if my oppon5t plays incorrectly & w9s all ! same8 ,?is l9e ( ?\ght is wrong f its inception4 ,! /ud5t is n suppos$ to 8le>n0 op5+s by he>t1 b to ,,und]/& h[ ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ,*ess ,/rategy are appli$ to any op5+4 ,su* k c nev] be obta9$ f a tabulat$ analysis1 b c only be arriv$ at by ! application ( common s5se4 ,if a play] succe$s 9 w9n+ 9 spite ( an inf]ior op5+1 x only proves t subsequ5tly he has play$ a /rong] game ?an 8 oppon5t1 :o1 aft] play+ ! op5+ accord+ to ! book1 did n "k h[ to proce$ fur!r4 ,& h]e9 lies ! weakness1 & n 9 ! abs5ce ( k ( ! analysis ( op5+s4 ,! latt] is rat$ f> too highly4 ,any play] w hold 8 own 9 ! op5+1 z soon z he has grasp$ ! real mean+ ( ^? pr9ciples :i* ,i _c repeat (t5 en\gh1 viz43 #a/1 quick developm5t ( pieces & avoidance ( lo/ moves2 #bnd1 ! ma9t5ance ( a pawn c5tre1 hamp]+ ! developm5t ( ! oppos+ =ces1 & ! avoidance ( pawn moves t d n contribute to ! developm5t ( pieces4 ,h[ to conduct ! middle game & end-game is n entirely a matt] ( d$uction f su* g5]al rules4 ,9 ord] to play ! end-game correctly1 "o mu/ "k c]ta9 ?+s & positions :i* arise f & may be said to be peculi> to ! purely arbitr>y rules ( *ess4 ,! same applies to ! middle game1 z 9 mo/ cases x mu/ be play$ ) a view to ! end-game :i* ensues1 unless !re be a *ance ( mat+ ! oppon5t be=e4 ,! /ud5t %\ld h1 !re=e1 a k ( ! end-game be=e he c hope to be able to conduct ! middle game effici5tly4 ,= ?is reason ,i h decid$ to treat ( ! end- game fir/4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,end-,,game ,,j z x is difficult to /ate ! exact po9t at :i* an op5+ ends1 s is x equally difficult to say :]e ! end- game may be said to comm5ce4 ,"o ( ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( end-games is ! active "p tak5 by ! ,k+4 ,cle>ly ! ,k+ _c v5ture out into ! field ( op]ations until !re has be5 an ex*ange ( ! majority ( ! pieces1 s t !re c be no dang] ( 8 be+ mat$4 ,z soon z a play] has atta9$ "s advantage 9 mat]ial :i* ensures ! victory 9 ! end- game1 he w try to br+ ab\t ! end-game by ex*ang+ pieces1 = !re ! l9es on :i* to pu% home 8 advantage are cle>ly set out4 ,x is fir/ necess>y to "k :at surplus ( =ces is ! m9imum requir$ 9 ord] to =ce a mate4 ,! positions 9 :i* ! mate c be =c$ may be %[n by a few typical examples4 ,b ,i %all lay /ress ma9ly on "o po9t4 ,t is ! ability to judge :e!r an end-game :i* c\ld be br\ght ab\t by ex*anges is won or n2 9 o!r words1 :e!r x c be r$uc$ to "o ( ! typical positions ref]r$ to above4 ,x is obvi\s t ! end-game is ! p>ticul> demesne ( pawn /rategy4 ,ne>ly always "o or m pawns survive ! ex*ange ( pieces1 & ! k ( ! end-game w be invaluable = gaug+ ! consequ5ces ( pawn moves 9 ! c\rse ( ! middle game4 ,! latt] repres5ts probably ! mo/ difficult aspect ( ! /rategy ( *ess4 ,9 ord] to enable beg9n]s to grasp ! foll[+ *apt]s1 ,i mu/ aga9 po9t out a few elem5t>y consid]ations4 ,simple end-games1 t is1 end-games )\t pawns1 are comp>atively easy to und]/&4 ,let u fir/ consid] ! case ( a ,k+ d5ud$ ( all 8 troops4 ,9 ord] to =ce ! mate x is necess>y to obta9 comm& ( f\r squ>es1 namely1 ^? f\r squ>es :i* he controls aft] he has be5 driv5 into a corn]4 ,suppos+ ! ,black ,k+ has be5 driv5 to ,,qr#a1 ! ,:ite ,k+ c prev5t him f rea*+ two squ>es ( diff]5t col\r1 namely1 ,,qr#b & ,q,kt#b4 ,!re=e x is necess>y = ,:ite /ill to h su* =ces z c comm& two m squ>es ( diff]5t col\r1 namely1 ,,qr#a & ,q,kt#a4 ,z c readily be se51 x w be ess5tial to h at lea/ ! ,que5 or a ,rook or two ,bi%ops1 or a ,knight & ,bi%op1 or two ,knights4 ,footnote3 ,h[ ! ,k+ c be driv5 into a corn] w be %[n subsequ5tly4 ,we %all see t 9 ! latt] case x is impossible to drive ! ,k+ into a corn] )\t br++ ab\t a /alemate4 ,! mates by a ,que5 or ,rook are s simple t ,i only give an example ( ea* = ! sake ( complet5ess4 ,position #a4--,:ite3 ,k at ,,qr#a1 ,q-,,kr#a ,black3 ,k at ,k#d #a4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,q#e2 #b4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,k-,k#d2 #c4 ,k-,b#d1 ,k-,q#c2 #d4 ,q-,k#d1 ,k- ,q#b2 #e4 ,k-,b#e1 ,k-,b#a2 #f4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #g4 ,q-,,qr#d1 or ,kt#d;*1 or ,k#g1 or ,r#g & mate next move4 ,position #b4--,:ite3 ,k at ,q,kt#c1 ,,rkr#b ,black3 ,k at ,k#d #a4 ,k-,b#d1 ,k-,q#c2 #b4 ,r-,k#b1 ,k-,b#c2 #c4 ,r-,k#f;*1 ,k-,q#b2 #d4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k- ,b#b2 #e4 ,k-,b#e1 ,k-,q#b2 #f4 ,r-,k#a1 ,k-,b#b2 #g4 ,r-,k#g;*1 ,k-,q#a2 #h4 ,k-,q#f1 ,k-,b#a2 #i4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #aj4 ,r-,k#a1 ,k-,r#g2 #aa4 ,r-,k#h1 ,k-,r#c2 #ab4 ,r-,r#h mate4 ,position #c4--,:ite3 ,k at ,q,rsq1 ,b at ,k,ktsq1 ,bat,k,kt#b ,black3 ,k at ,k,rsq #a4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,kt#b2 #b4 ,k-,b#c1 ,k-,b#c2 #c4 ,k-,q#d1 ,k-,k#c2 #d4 ,b-,r#b1 ,k- ,b#c2 #e4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k-,b#d2 #f4 ,b-,k#e1 ,k-,kt#d2 #g4 ,k-,k#f1 ,k-,kt#e2 #h4 ,b- ,,qr#h1 ,k-,kt#d2 #i4 ,b-,b#c1 ,k-,kt#c2 #aj4 ,b-,,kb#f1 ,k-,r#c2 #aa4 ,k-,b#g1 ,k- ,r#b2 #ab4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,k-,r#a2 #ac4 ,b-,q#a1 ,k-,r#b2 #ad4 ,b-,b#b;*1 ,k-,r#a2 ,b-,b#f mate4 ,x is m difficult to mate ) ,,knight ,,& ,,bi%op4 ,x is only possible to mate on a corn] squ>e comm&$ by ! ,bi%op1 z ! foll[+ argum5t %[s cle>ly4 ,a mat+ position 9 ! corn] :i* ! ,bi%op does n comm& w\ld h to be ( ! type set out 9 ,diagram #db4 ,"h ! ,bi%op plays on ,:ite squ>es1 & ! ,knight 9 ord] to *eckmate mu/ move on to a ,:ite squ>e2 9 o!r words1 he mu/ come f a ,black "o4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! ,bi%op *eck$ on ! previ\s move & drove ! ,k+ away1 ! ,k+ _h ! option ( two black squ>es1 & _h no ne$ to g into ! corn] "o4 ,he is only mat$ 9 consequ5ce ( a wrong move4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,kt --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #db ,z /at$ above1 h[ev]1 x is possible 9 all cases to mate 9 ! corn] squ>e :i* is ( ! same col\r z ! ,bi%op4 ,! ,k+ is driv5 into ! corn] 9 ?is way3 ! ,knight cuts him (f su* squ>es z ! ,bi%op does n comm&4 ,diagram #dc w s]ve z an illu/ration4 #a4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,kt#b2 #b4 ,k-,b#c1 ,k-,b#c2 #c4 ,k-,q#d1 ,k-,k#c2 #d4 ,kt-,kt#c1 ,k-,b#c2 #e4 ,b-,b#c1 ,k-,kt#d2 #f4 ,k-,k#e1 ,k-,kt#c2 #g4 ,kt-,k#d1 ,k-,kt#b2 #h4 ,k-,b#e1 ,k-,r#a2 #i4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #aj4 ,kt-,kt#e1 ,k-,r#a2 #aa4 ,kt-,b#g;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #ab4 ,b-,k#d1 ,k-,b#a2 #ac4 ,b-,r#g1 ,k-,k#a2 #ad4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,k-,q#a2 #ae4 ,kt-,b#d1 ,k-,b#b2 #af4 ,b-,k#d1 ,k-,q#b2 #ag4 ,k-,b#g1 ,k-,b#b2 #ah4 ,k-,k#g1 ,k-,b#a2 #ai4 ,k-,q#f1 ,k-,q#a2 #bj4 ,b-,kt#f1 ,k-,b#a2 #ba4 ,kt-,r#e1 ,k-,q#a2 #bb4 ,kt-,kt#g;*1 ,k-,b#a2 #bc4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #bd4 ,k-,kt#f1 ,k-,b#a2 #be4 ,b-,b#e;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #bf4 ,kt-,b#e1 ,k-,r#a2 #bg4 ,b-,k#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #bh4 ,kt-,r#f;*1 ,k-,r#a2 #bi4 ,b-,q#e mate4 --------------------------------------- #h ,b ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,kt --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #dc4 ,x is impossible to =ce a mate ) ! ,,k+ ,,& ,,two ,,knights4 ,on ! same gr\nds z giv5 ) respect to ,diagram #db1 ! mate c only be atta9$ ?r\gh ! oppon5t mak+ a bad move4 ,b a mate c be =c$ if ! weak] side has a sp>e move :i* prev5ts ! /alemate1 e4g4 ,diagram #dd4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,k --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #dd #a4 ,kt7,k#c7-,q#e1 ,k-,kt#b2 #b4 ,k-,b#e1 ,k-,r#c2 #c4 ,k-,kt#d1 ,k-,kt#b2 #d4 ,k-,kt#e1 ,k- ,r#b2 #e4 ,kt-,b#g1 ,k-,kt#b2 #f4 ,kt7,b#g7-,k#h1 ,k-,r#b2 #g4 ,kt-,q#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #h4 ,k- ,kt#f1 ,k-,r#a2 #i4 ,kt-,q#g1 ,p-,b#d2 #aj4 ,kt-,kt#e1 ,p-,b#e2 #aa4 ,kt-,b#g mate4 ,hav+ decid$ z to ! smalle/ am\nt ( mat]ial advantage ) :i* x is possible to =ce a mate1 we w n[ turn our att5tion to simple game end+s 7/ill )\t pawns74 ,to judge su* end+s correctly1 x w only be necess>y to f9d out :e!r x is possible to obta9 ! m9imum advantage m5tion$4 ,x is suffici5t to discuss cases 9 :i* a piece on ! "o side plays aga9/ a /rong] "o on ! o!r1 because 9 end+s :]e sev]al pieces are left on ei!r side1 =tuit\s circum/ances are g5]ally ! decid+ factors1 & x w\ld be impossible to *>act]ise & classify positions ( t k9d1 by giv+ typical illu/rations4 ,besides1 !y are r$uc$ soon] or lat] by ex*anges to su* end-games z h be5 treat$ already1 or are go+ to be %[n n[4 ,! ,que5 w9s aga9/ any o!r piece2 ! ,rook alone may give tr\ble4 ,9 ,diagram #de we illu/rate a --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,r --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,q --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #de position :i* is "o ( ! mo/ fav\rable to ! weak] side4 #a4 ,q-,r#f leads to no?+1 z ,r-,b#b;* foll[s1 & aft] #b4 ,k-,kt#f ,black =ces a /alemate ) ,r-,b#c;*4 ,x is necess>y = ,:ite to ga9 a move 9 ?is position2 9 o!r words1 ,:ite mu/ try to transf] to ! o!r side ! onus ( hav+ to move4 ,if !n ! ,rook moves away f ! ,k+1 x gets lo/ aft] a few *ecks1 or if ,black's ,k+ plays to ,b#a1 ! ,rook is equally lo/ ?r\gh ,q-,r#f4 ,:ite plays !re=e3 #a4 ,q-,k#e;*1 ,k-,r#a2 #b4 ,q-,r#a;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #c4 ,q- ,r#e1 & w9s4 ,= example1 #c4 444 ,r-,b#b2 #d4 ,q-,k#e;*1 ,k-,r#b2 #e4 ,q- ,k#c;*1 ,k-,r#a2 #f4 ,q-,k#h;*1 & s on4 ,! ,rook c w9 aga9/ a m9or piece 9 exceptional cases only4 ,9 end+s ( ,,rook ,,aga9/ ,,bi%op ! weak] ,k+ mu/ take refuge 9 a corn] squ>e ( diff]5t col\r f t ( 8 ,bi%op4 ,= in/ance1 ,diagram #df3 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,r --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,b --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #df4 #a4 ,r-,q#e1 ,b-,b#e 7or ,r#b72 #b4 ,r-,q#h;*1 ,b-,kt#a1 & ,black is /alemate unless ! ,rook leaves ! eigh? ,rank4 ,any outside squ>e :i* is n ( ! same col\r z t ( ! ,bi%op is dang]\s = ! ,k+4 ,imag9e ! pieces 9 ,diagram #df %ift$ two squ>es t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! bo>d1 z 9 ,diagram #dg1 & ,:ite w9s ) #a4 ,r-,q,kt#e ,b-,r#e #b4 ,r-,kt#h;* ,b-,k#a #c4 ,r-,r#h ,! ,bi%op is lo/1 z x is ,black's move4 ,9 end+s ( ,,rook ,,aga9/ ,,knight1 ! weak] side loses1 :]e ! ,knight is cut (f f 8 ,k+4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,diagram #dh1 #a4 ,r-,q#e6 ,9 ?is 8oblique opposition0 ! ,rook takes f\r ( ! ,knight's squ>es3 #a4 444 ,kt-,k#h2 #b4 ,k-,b#e1 ,kt-,b#g2 #c4 ,k-,k#d1 ,kt-,r#f 7,kt-,kt#e82 #d4 ,r-,kt#e;*6 w9s ! ,knight74 ,9 ?is end+ !re is always a fatal *eck at "s po9t1 & ! position 9 ! --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,r --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,b --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #dg diagram is n 9 any way a *ance w94 #d4 ,k-,q#c1 ,k-,b#b2 #e4 ,r-,,qr#e1 ,kt-,kt#h2 #f4 ,r-,r#a1 & w9s4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,r --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #dh ,z soon z ! ,knight c obta9 ! ,k+'s support ! game is drawn ev5 :5 ! ,k+ is already =c$ on to ! edge ( ! bo>d4 ,position--,:ite3 ,k at ,k#f1 ,r at ,k#e ,black3 ,k at ,k#a1 ,kt at ,,qr#b #a4 ,r-,,qb#e1 ,k-,q#a2 #b4 ,k-,q#f1 ,kt-,b#a;*2 #c4 ,k-,b#f1 ,kt-,k#b;*1 draw4 ,9 ?is case ! ,k+ mu/ avoid ! corn]s1 z ! ,knight w\ld be b]eft ( 8 effici5cy4 ,position--,:ite3 ,k at ,,kr#f1 ,r at ,,kr#d ,black3 ,k at ,,kr#a1 ,kt at ,k#b #a4 ,r-,k#d1 ,kt-,kt#a;*2 #b4 ,k-,kt#f & w9s4 ,we come n[ to ! m int]e/+ "p ( end-game play1 namely1 ,,pawn ,,end+s4 ,! be/ c\rse w be fir/ to /udy h[ to turn a mat]ial sup]iority 9 pawns to decisive advantage1 aft] :i* we %all note p>ticul> positions1 9 :i* a w9 is possible ) an equality or ev5 an inf]iority 9 pawns4 ,! end+ ( ,,k+ ,,& ,,pawn ,,aga9/ ,,k+ is "o ( ! simple/ albeit "o ( ! mo/ important ( elem5t>y cases4 ,! /rong] side w evid5tly try to que5 ! pawn4 ,b g5]ally ?is is n possible if ! adv]se ,k+ has comm& ( ! que5+ squ>e4 ,"o important condition1 ?\gh1 mu/ be compli$ )3 ! weak] ,k+ mu/ move into 8opposition10 & 8opposition0 is "o ( ! *>act]i/ic & decid+ factors 9 mo/ pawn end+s4 ,x is absolutely necess>y = ! le>n] to und]/& fully ! mean+ ( ! t]m 8opposition10 & its value 9 elem5t>y cases ,?is k is ( f> rea*+ influ5ce 9 end-games4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,k --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #di ,9 ,diagram #di ,:ite seeks to que5 8 pawn4 #a4 ,k-,q#d1 ,k-,k#b2 #b4 ,k-,k#e ,) ?is move ,:ite assumes ! opposition4 ,t is1 he moves into ! same rank or file1 sep>at$ by "o squ>e only1 s t bo? ,k+s /& on squ>es ( ! same col\r4 ,:ite has mov$ la/1 x is ,black's turn to move2 x is said 9 ?is case t 8,:ite has ! opposition40 ,we %all soon see t ,black is only able to draw ! game1 if he succe$s 9 assum+ ! opposition himself 7:i* means t1 hav+ ! move1 he %\ld /ep into opposition74 #b4 444 ,k-,q #b2 #c ,p-,q#f 7,diagram #ej74 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,k --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ej ,i propose n[ to recapitulate4 ,?is is ! critical mom5t1 namely1 :5 ! pawn rea*es ! six? rank4 ,if n[ ,black plays ,k-,k#a he is lo/1 = ,:ite play+ ,k-,k#f has ! opposition4 ,aft] #d4 444 ,k-,q#a1 #e4 ,p-,q#g1 ,black is =c$ to all[ ! ,:ite ,k+ to move to ,k#g1 cov]+ ! que5+ squ>e2 #e4 444 ,k-,b#b1 #f4 ,k-,k#g1 any2 #g4 ,p que5s4 ,b ,black has a draw 9 ! position ( ,diagram #ej1 by play+ #c4 444 ,k-,q#a66 7n ,k#a74 ,n[ aft] #d4 ,k-,k#f he keeps ! opposition himself ) ,k-,k#a2 & aft] #e4 ,p-,q#g;*1 ,k-,q#a2 #f4 ,k-,q#f1 he is /alemat$1 or else w9s ! pawn if ,:ite plays diff]5tly on 8 six? move4 ,! ,k+ draws aga9/ ,k+ & pawn if he comm&s ! que5+ squ>e1 & if he c reta9 ! opposition on ! fir/ rank z soon z ! pawn moves into 8 six?4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! pawn %\ld be at 8 six?2 if ! pawn is /ill fur!r back1 ! opposition on ! fir/ rank is ( no avail4 ,diagram #ea w s]ve z an example4 ,hav+ ! move1 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ea ,:ite w\ld only draw ) ,p-,b#e1 because ,black's ,k-,b#b w9s ! pawn4 ,b ,:ite w9s z foll[s3 #a4 ,k-,kt#f1 ,k-,b#a2 #b4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,k#a2 #c4 ,k- ,k#f1 ,k-,q#a2 #d4 ,k-,q#f1 ,k-,b sq3 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #eb4 #e4 ,p-,b#e1 ,k-,q sq4 ,we see3 ,black has j assum$ ! opposition1 b ! pawn has n yet cross$ to 8 six? squ>e1 & ,:ite1 by play+ ,p-,b#f1 aga9 =ces ,black to give up ! opposition4 ,x might be m cle> to put x 9 ?is way3 ) ,p-,b#f ,:ite w9s ! opposition1 9 t he br+s ab\t a position ) ,black to move4 ,!re=e ! game is won = ,:ite4 ,s9ce ! opposition on ! outside rank is ( no avail1 :5 ! pawn has n yet play$ to 8 six? squ>e1 ! weak] side mu/ try to keep away ! oppos+ ,k+ f ! six? rank until ! pawn has rea*$ t rank4 ,?is is possible 9 positions su* z t 9 ,diagram #ec1 :]e ! /rong] --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,k --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ec ,k+ is n m ?an "o rank ahead ( 8 pawn1 & ! weak] ,k+ c assume ! opposition4 ,9 ! position 9 ,diagram #ec ,black plays ,k-,q#d & ma9ta9s ! opposition until ! pawn moves1 aft] :i* a typical position1 simil> to ! "o treat$ 9 connection ) ,diagram #ej is br\ght ab\t4 ,if ,:ite has ! move1 h[ev]1 he w9s easily by #a4 ,k-,b#d1 ?us3 #a4 444 ,k-,q#c #b4 ,k-,kt#e ,k-,b#b #c4 ,k-,b#e ,k-,kt#b #d4 ,k-,q#f ,k-,b#a #e4 ,k-,b#f & !re is opposition on ! eigh? rank :il/ ! pawn has n rea*$ ! six?4 ,if ! ,k+ is m ?an "o rank ahead ( 8 pawn1 z 9 ,diagram #ed1 ! end-game c always be won1 = if ,black --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,k --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ed takes ! opposition ) ,k-,q#c1 ,:ite deprives him ( x aga91 w9n+ a move by ,p-,b#c1 & ! position is simil> to t 9 ,diagram #ec1 ) ,:ite to move4 #a4 444 ,k-,q#c #b4 ,p-,b#c ,k-,b#c #c4 ,k-,b#d & w9s4 ,?is settles all typical end-games ( ,k+ & pawn aga9/ ,k+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o exception to ! rules set out1 namely1 :5 a ,,rook',s ,,pawn is conc]n$4 ,"h ! isolat$ ,k+ always succe$s 9 draw+ if he c rea* ! corn] :]e ! pawn has to que51 = he _c be driv5 out aga94 ,! ,rook's pawn af=ds ano!r opportunity = ! weak] side to draw4 ,diagram #ee w illu/rate ?is1 & simil> positions are ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 practice4 ,"h ,black draws ) #a4 444 ,k-,b#e4 ,z he ?reat5s to capture ! pawn1 ,:ite mu/ play #b4 ,p-,r#d4 ,!n aft] ! reply ,k-,b#d1 ,:ite is /ill unable to cut ! oppon5t (f f ! corn] ) ,k-,kt#g1 z ! loss ( ! pawn is /ill ?reat5$ ?r\gh ,k-,kt#e4 ,& aft] #c4 ,p-,r#e ,black atta9s ! position :i* is typical = ?is end-game1 namely ! opposition aga9/ ! ,k+ on ! ,rook's file4 ,! latt] _c escape )\t giv+ up ! conte/$ corn]1 & ! game is drawn4 #c4 444 ,k-,b#c2 #d4 ,k-,r#g1 ,k-,b#b2 #e4 ,k-,r#h1 ,k-,b#a2 #f4 ,p-,r#f1 ,k-,b#b2 #g4 ,p-,r#g1 ,k-,b#a3 & ,:ite is /alemat$4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,k --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ee ,end-games ) a majority ( "o pawn1 :5 bo? sides /ill h pawns1 are mu* m simple to manipulate4 ,su* games result 9 positions ( :i* ,diagram #ef is a --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ef typical in/ance4 ,"h ,:ite does n ev5 ne$ to ,que5 8 pass$ pawn4 ,! m]e ?reat =ces ! w94 ,= ! pawn at ,kt#d r$uces ! mobility ( ! ,black ,k+1 9 s f> z ! latt] mu/ at all times be ready to rea* ! que5+ squ>e 9 z few moves z ! pawn1 or else ! pawn w\ld que5 unmole/$4 ,! ,:ite ,k+ c !re=e capture ! oppos+ ,bi%op's pawn 9 peace & !n que5 8 own4 #a4 ,k-,k#d1 ,k-,k#c2 #b4 ,p-,kt#e1 ,k-,k#b2 #c4 ,k-,k#e1 ,k-,b#b2 #d4 ,k-,q#f1 & s on2 or #a4 444 ,k-,kt#d ,kx,p2 #c4 ,k-,q#f1 ,k-,b#d2 #d4 ,kx,p1 ,k-,k#c2 #e4 ,k-,kt#g1 & s on4 ,su* positions z ,diagram #ef are also rea*$ :5 !re are sev]al pawns on ea* w+4 ,! /rong] side ex*anges pawns on ! w+ :]e !re is a majority until ! extra pawn is pass$4 ,! w9n+ process is n q s simple :5 all ! pawns are on ! same w+1 because ex*anges are ( no use unless ! ,k+ c assume ! opposition 9 front ( ! la/ rema9+ pawn 7comp>e notes to ,diagram #ec74 ,9 ,diagram #eg1 = in/ance1 ,:ite mu/ n play ,p-,b#d4 ,!re=e he c only w9 by ga9+ ! ,knight's ,pawn1 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #eg t is1 by br++ 8 ,k+ to ,b#e4 ,?is he a*ieves by =c+ ! ,black ,k+ to rel9qui% ! opposition ) #a4 ,p-,b#c4 #a4 444 ,k-,b#c2 #b4 ,k-,k#e1 ,k-,kt#b2 #c4 ,k-,q#f1 ,k-,kt#c2 #d4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k-,kt#b2 #e4 ,k-,b#e1 ,k-,r#c2 #f4 ,k-,b#f1 & w9s1 z ,black mu/ ab&on ! pawn4 ,?is position1 be+ ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 is mo/ important1 & ,i recomm5d x z a valuable /udy 9 ! use ( ! opposition4 ,be=e ,i discuss positions ( great] complexity1 9 :i* ! only way to w9 is by sacrific+ ! extra pawn1 ,i %all treat ( end-games 9 :i* positional advantages ensure ! victory al?\gh ! pawns are equal4 ,"h we %all f9d simple cases 9 :i* pawn manuvres br+ ab\t ! w91 & m intricate ones 9 :i* ,k+ moves are ! decid+ factor4 ,( ! =m] ! mo/ important type is ! end-game ) ! 8di/ant pass$ pawn40 ,a typical example is ! position 9 ,diagram #eh1 9 :i* ,black w9s4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #eh ,! ,k+'s moves are outl9$ by ! necessity ( captur+ ! oppos+ pass$ pawn1 aft] :i* ! ,black ,k+ is two files ne>] ! battle-field 7! ,que5's side71 s t ! ,:ite pawns mu/ fall4 #a4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,kt#b2 #b4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,k-,b#c2 #c4 ,k-,kt#d1 ,k-,k#d2 #d4 ,p-,b#d;*1 ,k-,b#c2 #e4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,p-,r#d2 #f4 ,k-,r#d1 ,k-,b#d2 #g4 ,kx,p1 ,kx,p2 #h4 ,k-,kt#f1 ,k-,k#d1 & s on4 ,= simil> reasons ! position 9 ,diagram #ei is lo/ = ,black4 ,:ite obta9s a pass$ pawn on ! opposite w+ to t ( ! ,k+4 ,he =ces ! ,black ,k+ to ab&on 8 ,k+'s side pawns1 & ^! are lo/4 ,i give ! moves 9 full1 because ?is is ano!r important example *>act]i/ic ( ! ev] recurr+ necessity ( apply+ our ari?metical rule4 ,by simply enum]at+ ! moves necess>y = ei!r play] to que5 8 pawn--,,sep>ately = ,:ite & ,black--we c see ! result ( our int5d$ manuvres1 h[ev] f> ahead we h to ext5d our calculations4 #a4 ,p-,r#d1 ,k-,k#c2 #b4 ,p-,r#e1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,px,p1 ,k-,q#c ,n[ ! foll[+ calculations %[ t ,black is lo/4 ,:ite ne$s t5 moves 9 ord] to que5 on ! ,k+'s side1 namely1 five to capture ! ,black ,k+'s side pawns 7,k-,k#d1 ,b#e1 ,kt#f1 ,r#f1 ,kt#e71 "o to free ! way = 8 pawn1 & f\r moves ) ! pawn4 ,aft] t5 moves1 ,black only --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ei gets 8 pawn to ,b#f4 ,he requires six moves to capture ! ,:ite ,que5's side pawns1 "o to make room = 8 pawn at ,b#c1 & aft] ?ree moves ! pawn only gets to ,b#f4 ,:ite !n w9s by means ( _m *ecks1 =c+ ! ,black ,k+ to block ! way ( 8 own pawn1 ?us ga9+ "t = 8 ,k+ to approa*4 ,z we %all see lat] on 7p4 #ig71 if ! pawn _h already rea*$ ,b#g1 :il/ "u protection by 8 ,k1 ! game w\ld be drawn4 ,x is necess>y to make x a rule to exam9e positions 9 :i* ea* side has a pass$ pawn1 by c\nt+ ! moves 9 ! way fir/ %[n4 ,x is j because end-games c be calculat$ to a nicety1 !re be+ no moves ( :i* ! consequ5ces _c be =ese51 t we note 9 contempor>y ma/] play a t5d5cy to simplify ! middle-game by ex*ang+ pieces1 z soon z !re is an inf9itesimal advantage 9 ! pawn position 7comp>e ! game ,*>\sek-,he9ri*s51 p4 #ajh74 ,we w n[ turn our att5tion to positions 9 :i* ! pawns oppos$ on ea* w+ are ( equal numb] & no pass$ pawn c be =c$ ?r\gh4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! relative position ( ! ,k+s4 ,! decid+ factor 9 valu+ ! ,k+'s position is :e!r pawn moves are possible1 or :e!r !y are already entirely or ne>ly exhau/$1 s t only manuvres by ! ,k+ are possible4 ,! foll[+ illu/rations make ! position cle>4 ,we %all see t ! importance ( gett+ ! opposition is p>am\nt4 ,diagram #fj %[s a simple in/ance 9 :i* !re are no --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fj m pawn moves4 ,:oev] has ! move w9s by assum+ ! opposition4 ,! oppos+ ,k+ mu/ !n give ! way free to "o ( ! pawns4 ,! /ate ( affairs 9 ,diagram #fa is simil> to t 9 ,diagram #fj4 ,hav+ ! move1 ,:ite plays into opposition & =ces 8 way to ,q#e1 aft] :i* ,black's ,bi%op's pawn is lo/4 #a4 ,k-,k#d1 ,k-,q#c2 #b4 ,k-,b#e1 ,k-,q#b2 #c4 ,k-,k#e1 ,k-,b#c2 #d4 ,k-,k#f1 ,k-,b#b2 #e4 ,k- ,q#e1 ,k-,kt#c2 #f4 ,k-,q#f1 & s on 7comp>e ,diagram #eg74 ,if ,black has ! move he c only draw1 because ! ,:ite ,bi%op's pawn is cov]$ ev5 ?\gh ,black ga9s ! squ>e at ,q#e4 #a4 444 ,k-,k#d2 #b4 ,k-,q#c1 ,k-,b#e2 #c4 ,k-,q#b66 & :atev] ,black plays ,:ite w9s ! opposition1 s t ! ,black ,k+'s +ress is /opp$2 #b4 ,k-,k#b loses ! game because ( #c4 444 ,k-,k#e2 #d4 ,k-,q#b1 ,k-,q#e2 #e4 ,k-,b#b1 ,k-,k#f2 #f4 ,k-,b#a1 ,k-,q#f2 #g4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,q#g2 #h4 ,k-,kt#a1 ,k- ,b#f2 #i4 ,k-,r#b1 ,k-,b#g1 & w9s4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fa ,i %all take ?is opportunity ( expla9+ :at is call$ 8di/ant opposition40 ,9 ,diagram #fb1 ,:ite ) ! move w9s by #a4 ,k-,k#b1 ?us assum+ 8di/ant opposition0 7squ>es ( ! same col\r6674 ,if ,black n[ ent]s 8 second rank1 ,:ite imm$iately plays into opposition on 8 ?ird rank1 e4g4 #a4 444 ,k-,q#b2 #b4 ,k- ,q#c1 & /ill ma9ta9s x by #c4 ,k-,k#c if ,black plays a wait+ move su* z #b4 444 ,k-,k#b4 ,n[ ,black has no fur!r wait+ moves1 z ,:ite ?reat5s to capture "o ( ! pawns4 ,b play+ into ! ?ird rank is ( no use1 z ,:ite !n assumes ! direct opposition1 & w9s z 9 ,diagram #fj4 ,black mu/ all[ ,:ite access to "o side or ! o!r4 ,he c\ld n h rema9$ on ! fir/ rank at ! outset ei!r1 = aft] #a4 444 ,k-,q#a1 ,:ite advances ?r\gh a squ>e1 to :i* ,black _c assume ! opposition1 namely1 #b4 ,k-,b#c4 ,if n[ ,black wi%es to answ] ! ?reat ( ,k-,b #d-,kt#e & plays ,k-,k#b1 ,:ite answ]s #c4 ,k-,k#c z be=e4 #b4 ,k-,k#c or ,,kq#c w\ld be wrong1 z ,black w\ld !n succe$ 9 assum+ ! opposition at ,k#b or ,q#b1 & w\ld be able to ma9ta9 x4 ,:ite w\ld be unable to circumv5t ?is or to attack ! pawns4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,k --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fb ,9 ?is position1 too1 !re is ample scope = ! /udy ( ! opposition4 ,if ! pawns are /ill /&+ beh9d1 ! ,k+ :o has ! mo/ advanc$ position has always ! advantage1 because he ?reat5s to attack ! oppos+ pawns %\ld !y leave _! base4 ,:ite has m pawn moves at 8 disposal1 & w ne>ly always succe$ 9 assum+ ! opposition4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,diagram #fc1 ,:ite1 hav+ ! move1 w9s because 8 ,k+ gets fir/ into ! c5tre ( ! bo>d4 #a4 ,k-,k#c1 ,k-,q#b2 #b4 ,k-,b#d1 ,k-,k#b2 #c4 ,k-,kt#e ,k-,b#b2 #d4 ,k-,r#f1 ,k-,kt#a2 #e4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,k-,r#a2 #f4 ,p-,b#e1 ,px,p2 #g4 ,k-,kt#e1 ,k-,kt#b2 #h4 ,kx,p1 ,k-,b#b4 ,black has n[ ! opposition b _c ma9ta9 x1 hav+ no pawn moves available4 ,! ,:ite ,k+ ?reat5s to capture any pawn t v5tures =w>d4 #i4 ,k-,k#e1 ,k-,k#b2 #aj4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k-,q#b2 #aa4 ,p-,b#d1 ,p-,b#c;*2 #ab4 ,k-,k#e1 ,k-,k#b2 #ac4 ,p-,b#e1 & w9s1 z ,black w soon be compell$ to play ,k-,q#b1 aft] :i* a manuvre %[n previ\sly gives ,:ite ! ,que5's ,bi%op's pawn4 l#c4 444 ,p-,,kr#d2 #ad4 ,p-,,kr#d1 ,p-,r#d2 #ae4 ,p-,r#d6 ,k-,q#b2 #af4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,o#a3 #ag4 ,k-,k#f1 & s on4 ,if 9 ,diagram #fc ! ,k+ /ood at ,q#b in/ead ( ,b#a1 he c\ld j manage to draw4 ,:ite takes elev5 moves to capture ! ,black ,k+'s side pawns1 & to que5 "o ( --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fc 8 own1 z c be easily se54 ,9 elev5 moves ,black captures ! oppos+ ,,qbp & que5s 8 own4 ,we see "h h[ ! ,k+'s position c be c\nt]balanc$ by ! weakness ( a pawn1 & lead to a draw4 ,if ! ,:ite ,,qbp 0 n isolat$ b /&+1 = in/ance1 at ,q,kt#b1 ,black w\ld be lo/1 z calculation easily %[s4 ,! /r5g? or weakness ( a pawn position1 :i*1 z we saw1 _h s decid+ an influ5ce 9 ! end-game position j treat$1 is "o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 a game ( *ess1 & %\ld h full consid]ation 9 ! middle game4 ,a pawn1 :5 isolat$1 is naturally weak] ?an :5 x is or c be protect$ by ano!r4 ,x may easily lead to ! loss ( a game1 z ! mobility ( ! ,k+ or a piece is r$uc$ by hav+ to protect ! pawn 7comp>e ,end-game1 p4 #ajb74 ,x is frequ5tly & errone\sly ?\ght t ,,d\bl$ pawns z su* are a weakness4 ,d\bl$ pawns are weak :5 ,,isolat$1 = !y _c support ea* o!r4 ,b if d\bl$ pawns c be support$ by a pawn on ! next file !y ne$ n by any means be at a disadvantage aga9/ ?ree unit$ s+le pawns on ! opposite side4 ,= in/ance1 9 ,diagram #fd1 if ,black _h a pawn at ,q,kt#c in/ead ( ,r#b1 ,:ite w\ld h no w9n+ *ances4 ,he c\ld n attack ! pawns1 nor w\ld any k9d ( manuvres =ce a pass$ pawn ?r\gh4 ,9 ! diagram1 h[ev]1 ,:ite w9s ?r\gh --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,k --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fd #a4 ,k-,b#e2 ,black _c !n hold ! pawn at ,b#c4 #a4 444 ,p-,r#c2 #b4 ,p-,kt#d4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case ! w9 is made easy by ! fact t ! ,:ite ,k+ is able to attack ! ,black pawn at once4 ,b ev5 )\t ?is advantage1 ! weakness ( --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fe d\bl$ pawns usually entails ! loss ( ! game4 ,diagram #fe may s]ve z an example4 #a4 ,k-,q#d1 ,p-,b#d;*2 #b4 ,k-,b#d1 ,k-,b#c2 #c4 ,p-,b#c ,k-,kt#c2 #d4 ,k-,q#e1 ,p-,b#c;*2 #e4 ,k-,b#d1 & w9s4 ,d\bl$ pawns are a drawback1 ev5 :5 n isolat$1 %\ld !re be no way ( obta9+ a pass$ pawn by ex*ang+ !m aga9/ a small] numb] ( s+le pawns4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,diagram #ff1 9 :i* ,black w9s because ! ?ree pawns on ! ,k+'s side hold up ! f\r ,:ite pawns & ! ,black ,k+ c assail ! ,:ite pawns f ! re>1 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ff ! ,:ite ,k+ be+ fett]$ by ! necessity ( captur+ ! ,,qbp4 ,! prop] =mation = ! ,black pawns w\ld be at ,b#c1 ,kt#b1 ,r#c1 aft] :i* ,:ite _c =ce a pawn ?r\gh by play+ ,p-,b#d & ,p-,kt#e1 z ,black c refra9 f mak+ any ex*ange4 ,black c\ld n af=d to leave ! pawns :]e !y are1 because ev5 if !re 7 no ,:ite pawn at ,b#b1 ,:ite w\ld1 by play+ ,p-,kt#e1 ?reat5 to w9 9 ! foll[+ way3 #a4 ,p-,kt#f1 ,b,px,p2 #b4 ,p-,r#f1 & ,p-,b#f1 etc42 or #a4 444 ,r,px,p2 #b4 ,p- ,b#f1 ) ,p-,r#f1 etc4 ,9 a game ,ed4 ,lask]-,moll 7,b]l9 *ampion%ip1 #aijd71 f :i* ! position is tak51 ,black play$ ,p-,r#c 9 ord] to obta9 ! =mation m5tion$ above1 & ,:ite resign$ aft] #b4 ,p-,b#d8 ,p-,b#c1 ,p-,kt#e1 ,k-,q#e4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a pretty w9 aft] ,black's ,p-,r#c1 namely3 #b4 ,p-,b#f1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,p-,b#d1 ,k-,q#e2 #d4 ,p-,kt#e1 ,b,px,p2 #e4 ,px,p1 ,k-,k#d2 #f4 ,px,p1 ,k-,b#f2 #g4 ,k- ,b#b & ,black is lo/1 because 8 own pawn ob/ructs ! squ>e ,b#b1 & ! ,k+ mu/ release ! squ>e ,kt#b1 aft] :i* ! ,:ite pawn que5s4 ,?is w9n+ comb9ation1 h[ev]1 is only an int]e/+ exception to ! rule t positions ( ?is k9d are g5]ally won by ! side :i* possesses ! pass$ pawn4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case ,black c\ld h made ! position secure by obta9+ ! ideal position ( ,b#c ,kt#b ,r#c = 8 pawns e>li]1 be=e ! ,:ite pawns c\ld advance s f>4 ,9 ! position ( ,diagram #ff ,black c\ld /ill h won by play+ ,p-,b#c4 ,aft] #b4 ,p-,r#f1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,p-,b#d1 ,k-,q#d2 ! ,black ,k+ has "t to ov]take ! pass$ pawn :i* results on ! ,bi%op's file4 ,to conclude ! /udy ( pawn end+s ) an equal numb] ( pawns on ei!r side1 we w discuss ,diagram #fg1 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fg :i* illu/rates a curi\s position occurr+ f "t to "t 9 practice4 ,:oev] has ! move w9s by mov+ into di/ant opposition4 ,:ite1 !re=e1 %\ld play ,k-,k#e ,k-,q#e w\ld lose1 z ,black w\ld play ,k-,kt#e1 protect+ 8 pawn & attack+ ! ,:ite pawn1 ! protection ( :i* ,:ite has to give up next move4 ,9 ! same way ,black ) ! move _c play ,k-,kt#e because ,:ite w9s ! pawn ) ,k-,q#e4 ,aft] #a4 ,k-,k#e ,black _c avoid ! loss ( ! game1 e4g4 ,k-,r#c2 #b4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k-,kt#c2 #c4 ,k-,q#f1 & s on4 ,black ) ! move w9s simil>ly ) ,k-,r#e4 ,we h /ill to consid] end-games 9 :i* a draw results 9 spite ( a majority ( pawns1 or :]e a w9 c only be a*iev$ by ! sacrifice ( an extra pawn4 ,diagram #fh %[s ! latt] case4 ,"h ,:ite c only w9 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 #a4 ,p-,kt#d;*1 ,px,pch2 #b4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,k any2 #c4 ,kx,p1 & w9s4 ,any o!r way w\ld all[ --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fh ,black to assume ! opposition & to =ce ! draw1 e4g4 #a4 ,k- ,b#b1 ,k-,b#c6 #b4 ,k-,q#c1 ,k-,q#d1 etc4 ,n #a4 ,k-,b#b1 ,k-,kt#e8 #b4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,b#d1 #c4 ,k-,b#c1 etc41 z 9 ,diagram #eg4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #fi ,a c\nt]p>t to ?is position is f\nd 9 ,diagram #fi1 :i* %[s "o ( ! few cases 9 :i* ! possession ( an extra pawn does n =ce a w94 ,x seems at fir/ sight z if ,:ite c\ld w9 by simply assum+ ! opposition ) #a4 ,k-,k#d cont9u$3 444 ,k-,k#b2 #b4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k-,q#b2 #c4 ,p-,b#e1 ,k-,k#b2 #d4 ,k-,b#f1 etc4 ,b ,black w\ld reply #a4 444 ,p-,b#d;*6 & aft] #b4 ,px,pch1 ,k-,b#c foll[$ by ,kx,p ensure ! draw4 ,we come n[ to ^? end-games 9 :i* pieces z well z pawns are left on ! bo>d4 ,z x is my aim to give typical examples1 ,i %all conf9e myself to positions :]e !re is only "o piece besides ! ,k+4 ,mo/ end-games ) sev]al pieces c be r$uc$ to t4 ,9 ne>ly all end-games ) pieces ! ,k+'s manuvres us$ 9 pawn end+s are ( no avail1 z f> z opposition is conc]n$1 z ! advantage ( opposition means t ! oppon5t is =c$ to move 8 ,k+1 & z long z !re are pieces on ! bo>d1 su* 8=c$ move0 positions are infrequ5t4 ,h[ev]1 ! /r5g? ( ! pawn position is ( ! same importance z 9 pawn end+s1 j z ! comm& ( z _m squ>es z possible is ess5tial = ! ,k+4 ,a ?ird & v important factor is aga9 ! mobility ( pieces4 ,a good example is f\nd 9 ,diagram #gj1 a position f a game ,po/-,leonh>dt 7,b]l9 ,jubilee ,t\rnam5t1 #aijg74 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,k ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gj ,black's pawn position is weak]1 because ! ,:ite pawns1 be+ on ,black squ>es1 _c be attack$ by ! ,bi%op1 :il/ ,black has two isolat$ pawns on ,:ite squ>es4 ,fur!rmore ! ,black ,bi%op has less mobility ?an ! ,:ite "o1 & f9ally ! ,black ,k+ is ti$ to 8 ,q#c1 to prev5t ,:ite's entry at ,b#e or ,k#e4 ,^! drawbacks decide ! issue4 #a4 444 ,b-,r#b2 #b4 ,p-,r#d1 ,b- ,kt#c2 #c4 ,b-,b#b1 ,p-,r#d4 7,aft] ,b-,r#b ,:ite w\ld comm& ! squ>e at ,kt#f ?r\gh ,p-,r#e72 #d4 ,b-,q#c1 ,b-,r#b2 #e4 ,b-,b#a1 & ,black resigns1 = ,:ite ?reat5s to e/abli% 8 ,bi%op at ,b#c1 :]e ! pawns at ,q#e & ,r#e are bo? attack$1 :il/ ! ,black ,bi%op is at once =c$ to occupy ! only squ>e f :i* bo? pawns are cov]$1 namely ,b#b4 ,z ?is squ>e mu/ be ab&on$ 9 ! next move1 ,black loses a pawn & ! game4 #e4 444 ,b-,kt#a2 #f4 ,b-,k#b1 ,b-,b#b2 #g4 ,b-,b#c1 & w9s1 or #e4 444 ,b-,kt#c2 #f4 ,b-,kt#b1 ,b-,b#b2 #g4 ,b-,b#c1 & w9s4 ,a correspond+ in/ance ( ,,knight ,v4 ,,bi%op is ! end-game ,blackburne-,s*le*t] 7p4 #ajb74 ,x is difficult to gauge ! relative value ( ,bi%op & ,knight 9 ! end-game4 ,! ,knight has ! advantage ( access to all squ>es2 aga9/ t ! ,bi%op is able to fight at long range1 & (f]s opportunities ( ga9+ moves 9 c]ta9 positions :]e !re is a 8=c$ move0 7comp>e p4 #ij74 ,z already /at$1 two ,bi%ops are sup]ior to two ,knights because ! limitation ( ! col\r ( squ>es ceases4 ,a ,rook g5]ally w9s aga9/ a ,bi%op or a ,knight1 sometimes ev5 aga9/ a majority ( "o or two pawns1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t !re are /ill pawns on ! ,rook's side1 & t _! ex*ange _c be =c$4 ,! foll[+ position 7,diagram #ga71 f a game ,moll-,po/1 %[s h[ to proce$ 9 su* cases4 ,"h ,:ite c =ce a w9 9 ! foll[+ way3 #a4 ,rx,p1 ,p-,kt#f2 #b4 ,r-,r#f1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,rx,p1 ,k-,b#b2 #d4 ,r-,b#b1 ,b-,kt#e2 #e4 ,r-,b#d1 ,b-,r#d2 #f4 ,p- ,b#d6 ,! ,black pawn position mu/ fir/ be torn up1 if x is to be attack$ successfully4 ,n[ ,black's defeat is inevitable1 :e!r ! pawn is tak5 or n4 ,! sequel w\ld be #f4 444 ,px,p2 #g4 ,rx,p1 aft] :i* ! ,rook goes to ,,kr#e & ! ,rook's pawn mu/ fall1 or3 #f4 444 ,k-,kt#c2 #g4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #h4 ,r-,b#f;*1 ,k-,kt#b2 #i4 ,r-,b#e1 & ! ,bi%op's pawn is lo/1 unless ,black gives up 8 pass$ pawn4 ,9 ?is case ,black loses also3 #i4 ,r-,b#e1 ,b-,q#a2 #aj4 ,kx,p1 ,k-,kt#c2 #aa4 ,k-,q#c1 ,b-,b#c2 #ab4 ,r- ,b#f1 ,k-,kt#b2 #ac4 ,k-,k#d1 ,k-,kt#c2 #ad4 ,r-,r#f1 ,k-,b#b2 #ae4 ,k-,b#e1 ,b-,q#a2 #af4 ,r-,k,kt#f1 foll[$ by ,rx,p1 etc4 ,! ,que5 aga9/ a m9or piece w9s s easily t x is n necess>y to give an example4 ,x only rema9s to discuss end- --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,r --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ga games ( ,,que5 ,v4 ,,que51 ,,rook ,v4 ,,rook1 ,,& ,,m9or ,,piece ,v4 ,,m9or ,,piece1 9 :i* "o play] has a majority ( pawns1 or an equal numb] ( pawns1 "o ( :i* is pass$4 ,z a rule ! extra --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,k ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gb pawn leads to a w94 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 exceptions frequ5tly recurr+ 9 practice to :i* ,i mu/ ref] specially4 ,diagram #gb %[s an end-game ) a ,rook's pawn & a ,bi%op 8( ! wrong col\r40 ,:ite draws ) #a4 ,kt-,q#b1 ,p-,b#g2 #b4 ,kt-,k#d;*1 ,k-,kt#g2 #c4 ,ktx,p1 & draws1 z ,black1 9 ord] to capture ! ,:ite pawn1 aft] ,kx,kt mu/ give ! ,:ite ,k+ access to ! ,rook's squ>e1 f :i* he c\ld n be dislodg$ except by a ,bi%op on ,:ite squ>es4 ,9 ,diagram #gc ,:ite _c w9 al?\gh 8 ,bi%op is ( ! 8"r col\r0 by #a4 ,p-,b#g1 ,ktx,p2 #b4 ,bx,kt1 & ,:ite _c w9 ! ,rook's pawn4 ,he c only attack ! pawn f ,kt#g or ,kt#h1 bo? ( :i* are inaccessible z ! ,black ,k+ gets to ,kt#a4 ,x is a /alemate position4 ,if ! ,:ite --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,k ,b --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gc pawn 7 /ill at ,r#e1 ,:ite's ,k+ c\ld attack ! pawn f ,r#f & secure ! w94 ,9 ! position giv51 ,:ite c\ld only w9 by keep+ 8 pass$ pawn1 & inde$ x is possible to w9 by ga9+ a move ) ! ,bi%op4 ,9 ! diagram x is ,:ite's move4 ,black ) ! move c\ld n play ,k-,b#b because ,k-,q#f w\ld foll[4 ,! ,knight w\ld h to move1 all[+ ! pawn to que54 ,!re=e ,:ite mu/ try to br+ ab\t ! same position ) ,black to move4 ,he c d ?is1 = in/ance1 9 ! foll[+ way3 #a4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,k-,b#b 7n[ #b4 ,k-,q#f w\ld be bad on acc\nt ( ,kt-,q#e1 #c4 ,p-,b#g1 ,kt-,kt#e;*1 & ,ktx,p72 #b4 ,b-,r#b1 ,k-,k#b2 #c4 ,b-,k#e4 ,n[ ,:ite's plan has succe$$2 ! same position has occurr$1 & x is ,black's move4 ,z m5tion$ be=e1 ! ,k+ mu/ n move1 b ,knight's moves are ( no avail4 ,if #c4 444 ,kt-,kt#d2 #d4 ,b-,b#f;*1 ! ,knight is lo/1 or alt]natively ! pawn que5s4 ,on #c4 444 ,kt- ,b#a1 ,b-,q#f;* decides1 & on #c4 444 ,kt-,q#a2 #d4 ,b-,b#f;*1 ,k-,k#a2 #e4 ,bx,kt w\ld foll[4 ,on ?is occasion ,i %\ld l to po9t out t x is impossible to ga9 a move ) a ,knight1 z a squ>e :i* is accessible to him 9 an odd numb] ( moves _c be rea*$ by him 9 an ev5 numb]4 ,a simple in/ance is ,diagram #gd4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,k ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gd ,:ite loses1 hav+ ! move4 #a4 ,k-,r#h1 ,kt-,k#d2 #b4 ,k-,r#b1 ,kt-,q#b2 #c4 ,k-,r#h1 ,kt-,b#a2 #d4 ,p-,r#g1 ,kt-,kt#c mate4 ,black ) ! move _c w91 z he _c br+ ab\t ! same position ) ,:ite to move4 ,9 end-games ( ,,bi%op ,v4 ,,bi%op1 ( :i* we h already _h an example 9 ,diagram #gj1 an extra pawn w9s 9 mo/ cases if ! ,bi%ops are ( ! same col\r4 ,x is g5]ally possible to =ce an ex*ange ( ,bi%ops & obta9 "o ( ! well-kn[n pawn end+s4 ,on ! o!r h& an end+ ) ,bi%ops ( diff]5t col\r leads mo/ly to a draw1 frequ5tly ev5 aga9/ a majority ( two pawns4 ,! position 9 ,diagram #ge is a draw1 because x is impossible = ! ,:ite ,k+ to get r\nd 8 ,kt pawn to drive (f ! ,bi%op4 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,b --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ge ,) two pass$ pawns di/ant f ea* o!r1 a w9 c g5]ally be =c$1 z 9 ! foll[+ position 7,diagram #gf74 --------------------------------------- #h ,b --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,k --------------------------------------- #c ,b --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gf ,! ,k+ moves up to ! pawn1 ! progress ( :i* is b>r$ by ! ,bi%op 7n ! ,k+74 ,he !reby =ces ! sacrifice ( ! ,bi%op4 ,if ! ,black ,k+ comes to ! rescue ( ! ,bi%op1 ! o!r pawn proves ,black's d[nfall4 #a4 ,k-,k#d1 ,k-,k#b2 #b4 ,k-,q#e1 ,k-,q#b2 #c4 ,b-,k#d1 ,b-,k#b2 #d4 ,p-,kt#f1 ,b-,q#a2 #e4 ,p-,kt#g1 ,k-,b#b2 #f4 ,k-,k#f1 & w9s2 or #e4 444 ,b-,b#b2 #f4 ,p-,b#f1 ,b-,r#g2 #f4 ,b-,b#b1 ,k-,k#a2 #h4 ,k-,k#f1 ,b-,kt#a2 #i4 ,b-,kt#f;*1 ,k-,b#a2 #aj4 ,k-,q#g1 & w9s4 ,:5 ! pawns are unit$1 "o %\ld obs]ve ?is rule3 if !y are attack$1 !y %\ld1 if possible1 move to squ>es ( ! col\r ( ! oppos+ ,bi%op4 ,!re=e 9 ! position set out 9 ,diagram #gg ,:ite %\ld n play ,p-,b#e1 b ,p-,k#e4 ,aft] #a4 ,p-,b#e !re is no possible *ance = ,:ite to assume ! comm& ( ! ,black squ>es1 & 9 ord] to advance ! pawns x is necess>y --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,k --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,k --------------------------------------- #a ,b --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gg to =ce access to bo? ,:ite & ,black squ>es4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance play w\ld proce$ on ^! l9es3 #a4 ,p-,k#e1 ,b-,r#d2 #b4 ,k-,k#c1 ,k-,b#b2 #c4 ,k-,k#d1 ,k-,k#b2 #d4 ,p-,b#e1 ,b-,kt#e2 #e4 ,p-,b#f;*1 ,k-,b#a2 #f4 ,p-,k#f1 ,b-,r#f2 #g4 ,b-,r#d1 ,b-,kt#e4 ,:ite c only get ?r\gh ) ! ,k+'s ,pawn1 z ,p-,b#g is unavail+ on ! gr\nds set out above4 ,b 9 ord] to play ,p-,k#g1 ! squ>e ,k#g mu/ fir/ be cov]$ a second "t1 s t ! ,bi%op _c be giv5 up = ! two pawns4 ,!re=e3 #h4 ,k-,q#e1 ,b-,r#f 7,b-,b#f2 ,p- ,k#g;*72 #i4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,k#a2 #aj4 ,k-,b#g;*1 ,k-,b#a2 #aa4 ,k-,q#g1 & w9s4 ,9 end-games ) "o ,knight on ea* side1 an extra pawn usually decides ! game mu* 9 ! same way z 9 end-games ) ,bi%ops ( ! same col\r2 frequ5tly ev5 ) equal pawns1 ! possession ( a pass$ pawn is suffici5t1 z x keeps ei!r ! ,k+ or ! ,knight busy1 s t !re is only "o piece available = ! def5ce ( ! pawns4 ,an in/ructive example is ! end-game ,ed4 ,lask]-,rotlevi on p4 #ajj4 ,end-games ) ,rook aga9/ ,rook are ! mo/ frequ5t1 z well z ! mo/ difficult4 ,"h ! possession ( an extra pawn is seldom suffici5t = a w91 unless ! /rong] side has also an advantage 9 ! great] mobility ( ! ,rook4 ,diagram #gh is typical ( su* cases1 frequ5t 9 practice1 9 --------------------------------------- #h ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,r ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gh :i* ! great] mobility is ! decid+ factor4 ,al?\gh ,:ite has "o pawn m1 he c only w9 by r$uc+ ! mobility ( ! ,black ,rook ?r\gh ! foll[+ manuvre3 #a4 ,r-,b#b1 ,r-,q#b2 #b4 ,r-,r#b1 ,r-,r#b4 ,n[ ! ,black ,rook has only "o move left1 :il/ ! ,:ite ,rook has ! fre$om ( ! ,rook's file4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,rook c be po/$ at ,r#e & prev5t ! ,black ,k+ f attack+ ,:ite's ,k+'s side pawns1 :il/ ! ,:ite ,k+ makes = ! ,r at ,r#g & effects its capture4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,black ,k+ tries to ob/ruct ! way to ! ,que5's side1 ,:ite p5etrates into ! ,black pawn position4 ,black _c ma9ta9 ! opposition because ! ,:ite ,rook has sp>e moves1 ! ,black ,rook none4 e4g4 #c4 ,k-,b#c1 ,k-,kt#c2 #d4 ,r-,r#e1 ,k-,b#c2 #e4 ,k-,k#d1 ,k-,k#c2 #f4 ,r-,r#d1 ,p-,kt#c2 #g4 ,r-,r#e1 ,k-,q#c2 #h4 ,k-,q#d1 ,k-,b#c2 #i4 ,k-,k#e1 & w9s ! pawns4 ,hav+ ! move1 ,black w\ld draw ! game by3 #a4 444 ,r-,q#g;*2 #b4 ,k-,r#c1 ,r-,r#g4 ,by plac+ 8 ,rook beh9d ! pass$ pawn he condemns ! oppos+ ,rook to inactivity1 :il/ 8 own is free to move on ! ,rook's file4 ,if n[ ! ,:ite ,k+ comes up1 he w 9 ! end =ce ! sacrifice ( ! ,black ,rook = ! pawn1 b mean:ile ! ,black ,k+ captures ! ,:ite pawns1 & ) pass$ pawns on ! ,k+'s side might get w9n+ *ances4 ,:5 !re is only "o pawn left 9 end+s ( ,r aga9/ ,r1 ! weak] side ma9ta9s ! draw1 if ! ,k+ c comm& ! que5+ squ>e4 ,diagram #gi %[s a position fav\rable to ! /rong] side1 & :i* c mo/ly be obta9$ 9 ?is end-game4 ,b "h1 too1 ,black =ces a draw ) a pretty manuvre3 #a4 444 ,r-,b#b2 #b4 ,r-,k,kt#b1 ,r-,q#b;*2 #c4 ,,pxr1 & ,black is /alemate4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,r --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #gi ,! *ances ( a draw are ev5 great] 9 end+s ( ,q aga9/ ,q1 z ! ,k+ on ! /rong] side c seldom evade p]petual *eck4 ,= ! sake ( complet5ess ,i w %[ a few cases 9 :i* ,q or ,r _c w9 aga9/ an advanc$ pawn4 ,9 ,diagram #hj ,:ite c /ill draw1 = 9 five moves ! pawn rea*es ,kt#g1 support$ by ! ,k+ at ,r#g1 & 9 t "t ,black _c come up ) 8 ,k+1 s t he mu/ give up ! ,rook = ! pawn4 ,two pass$ pawns w91 ev5 :5 ! ,k+ is away f !m1 if !y h rea*$ _! six? squ>e4 ,9 ,diagram #ha1 = in/ance1 ,:ite is lo/1 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,k --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,r --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hj4 z ,black gives up 8 ,rook at ,q#g & plays ,p-,kt#f1 aft] :i* "o ( ! pawns que5s4 ,! ,que5 w9s aga9/ an advanc$ pawn1 ev5 :5 ! latt] is support$ by ! ,k+2 only ! ,r or ,b pawn c --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,r --------------------------------------- #f ,k --------------------------------------- #e ,r --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ha4 draw sometimes1 :5 ! pawn is on ! sev5? support$ by ! ,k+1 & ! oppos+ ,q _c move to ! que5+ squ>e4 ,! foll[+ illu/rates ! ?ree pr9cipal cases3 ,a4 ,position--,:ite3 ,k at ,q,kt#h1 ,p at ,,qr#g ,black3 ,k at ,,qr#h1 ,q at ,,qb#c ,black mu/ /op ! pawn & plays ,q-,kt#c;*4 ,:ite answ]s ) ,k- ,r sq & is /alemate unless ,:ite lets ! ,kt's file free aga94 ,?is end-game c only be won if ! /rong] ,k+ c assume ! opposition 9 two moves4 ,!re=e1 if 9 ! above example ! ,black ,k+ 0 /&+ at ,q#e1 ,black w\ld w9 z foll[s3 #a4 444 ,q-,k#a;*2 #b4 ,k-,kt#g1 ,q-,k#b;*2 #c4 ,k-,kt#h1 ,k-,b#d2 #d4 ,p-,r#h ,q1 ,k-,kt#c4 & ,:ite _c cov] ! mate4 ,b4 ,position--,:ite3 ,k at ,q,kt#h1 ,p at ,,qb#g ,black3 ,k at ,q#e1 ,q at ,,qb#c ,:ite draws3 #a4 444 ,q-,kt#c;*2 #b4 ,k-,r#h1 ,qx,p /alemate4 ,c4 ,position--,:ite3 ,k at ,q,kt#h1 ,p at ,q,kt#g ,black3 ,k at ,q#e1 ,q at ,,qb#c ,:ite loses4 #a4 ,k-,r#g1 ,q-,r#e;*2 #b4 ,k-,kt#f1 ,q-,kt#e;*2 #c4 ,k-,b#g1 ,q-,b#d;*2 #d4 ,k-,q#h1 ,q- ,q#c;*2 #e4 ,k-,b#h1 ,q-,b#c;*2 #f4 ,k-,kt#h1 ,k-,b#d2 #g4 ,k-,r#g1 ,q-,r#e;*2 #h4 ,k-,kt#h1 ,k-,b#c2 #i4 ,k-,b#h1 ,q-,r#c1 etc4 ,,end-,,games ,,f ,,ma/] ,,play ,9 ! foll[+ pages ,i give "s in/ructive examples tak5 f t\rnam5t play4 ,/ep by /ep we w f9d h[ v important is ! k ( ! simple end+s treat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,we %all see t x is (t5 necess>y to consid] _m moves ahead to f9d ! correct l9e1 b t x is ne>ly always possible to =esee e consequ5ce ) unfail+ c]ta9ty4 ,moreov]1 because ( ! r$uction ( =ces !re is no call to take v _m v>iations into consid]ation4 ,?is expla9s :y !re is a t5d5cy 9 mod]n ma/] play to en=ce ! ex*ange ( pieces1 z soon z !re is ! slighte/ advantage suffici5t to br+ ab\t "o ( ! elem5t>y end- game positions1 9 :i* ! w9 c be =c$4 #a4 ,,f ,a ,,game ,,tei*mann-,,blackburne 7,,b]l91 #ahig74 --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,k ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hb4 ,black has an extra pawn on ! ,que5's side4 ,b z x is d\bl$1 ! mat]ial sup]iority is ( no acc\nt4 ,a p]ceptible advantage1 h[ev]1 lies 9 ! fact t ,:ite _c br+ ab\t a 8=c$ move0 position1 z ,black has ! move ,p-,,qb#d 9 res]ve4 ,:ite has also an inf9itesimal weakness on ! ,k+'s side1 ! ,rook's pawn hav+ advanc$ two squ>es & be+ !re=e an easy m>k4 ,?is disadvantage soon becomes app>5t4 #a4 ,p-,b#c ,k-,b#d #b4 ,k-,b#b ,p-,r#d #c4 ,k-,kt#b ,p-,kt#d #d4 ,k-,r#c ,k-,k#d ,) ?is move advantage is tak5 ( "o ( ,:ite's weaknesses4 ,:ite mu/ ex*ange pawns4 ,if ! ,k+ moves1 ,black captures1 free+ ,b #e = 8 ,k+1 f :]e he c lat] on get to ,k#f or ,kt#f4 ,b aft] ! ex*ange at ,kt#d1 ,black has ! *ance ( obta9+ a 8di/ant pass$ pawn0 on ! ,rook's file4 #e4 ,px,p ,px,p #f4 ,k-,kt#b ,k-,b#d #g4 ,k-,r#b ,k-,b#c ,if ,black 7 to play ,p-,r#e at once1 ,:ite w\ld reply ) #h4 ,k- ,r#c1 & aft] ,px,p1 #i4 ,kx,p4 ,black w\ld h to give up ! sp>e move ,p-,b#d1 to ga9 ! squ>e at ,b#e = 8 ,k+4 ,! game !n w\ld be drawn aft] #aj4 ,k-,kt#b6 ,k-,b#e1 #aa4 ,k-,b#b1 because ,:ite ma9ta9s ! opposition1 & ,black _c get ?r\gh at ,k#f or ,kt#f4 ,black !re=e manuvres 8 ,k+ fir/ 9 su* a way t ! squ>e at 8 ,b#d is only rea*$ :5 ! ,:ite ,k+ is at ,kt#c4 #h4 ,k-,kt#b ,k-,kt#c #i4 ,k-,r#b ,p-,r#e ,n[ nei!r ,px,p nor ,p-,b#d is ( any use4 ,9 ! fir/ case ,black obta9s ! di/ant pass$ pawn4 ,9 ! second ,:ite obta9s ! di/ant pass$ pawn aft] #aj4 ,p-,b#d1 ,px,b,p2 #aa4 ,px,r,p1 b loses x aga9 aft] ,k-,r#d2 #ab4 ,k-,r#c1 ,p-,b#d4 #aj4 ,k-,r#c ,px,p #aa4 ,kx,p ,k-,b#d ,at la/ ,black has captur$ ! covet$ squ>e1 :il/ keep+ ! sp>e move 9 h&4 #ab4 ,k-,b#b ,k-,b#e ,! ,:ite ,k+ _c move to ,kt#b n[1 because 9 t case ,black w\ld move ! ,k+ to ! ,:ite ,,qbp & que5 9 sev5 moves1 & ,:ite1 aft] sev5 moves1 w\ld only h ! ,,kb pawn at ,b#g4 #ac4 ,k-,k#b ,k-,kt#f #ad4 ,k-,k#c ,p-,b#d & w9s1 = ,:ite _c hold ! ,,kbp n[1 b mu/ capture ! ,kt,p 9 ex*ange = x1 aft] :i* ! ,black ,k+ rea*es ! ,que5's side two moves ahead1 e4g43 #ae4 ,k-,k#b ,k-,kt#g #af4 ,k-,k#c ,k-,b#h6 #ag4 ,k-,k#d ,k-,b#g #ah4 ,k-,b#e ,kx,p #ai4 ,kx,p ,k-,k#f1 etc4 ,black w\ld h =c$ a w9 also if ,:ite _h play$ ,k-,kt#b on 8 twelf? move ?us3 #ab4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,k-,b#e2 #ac4 ,k-,b#b4 ,n[ ,:ite has ! opposition1 & aft] ,black wr+s x f him by play+ ! sp>e move ,p-,b#d1 he assumes x aga9 ) #ad4 ,k- ,k#b1 ,k-,kt#f2 #ae4 ,k-,k#c4 ,b he _c ma9ta9 x aft] ,black's ,k-,r#f because ! squ>e at ,q#c = di/ant opposition is n accessible4 ,aft] #af4 ,k-,q#b1 ,k-,r#g62 #ag4 ,k-,k#c1 ,k-,kt#f2 #ah4 ,k-,k#b1 ,k- ,kt#g2 #ai4 ,k-,k#c1 ,k-,b#h we get ! same result z be=e4 ,,ii4 ,,f ,a ,,game ,,ed4 ,,lask]-,,rotlevi 7,,hamburg1 #aiaj74 --------------------------------------- #h ,kt --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,k --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hc4 ,:ite has ! advantage1 because ,black mu/ keep ei!r 8 ,k+ or 8 ,knight p]man5tly ne> ! pass$ pawn1 gu>d+ aga9/ its advance1 :il/ bo? ,:ite's ,k+ & ,knight c attack ! ,black pawns4 ,z yet !y /& s f> 9 ! re> t ! ,:ite ,k+ _c approa* !m ,!re=e ,:ite mu/ fir/ try to =ce _! advance4 #a4 ,kt-,b#e ,p-,kt#c #b4 ,kt-,q#c ,p-,r#d ,?is is n[ necess>y1 because ! squ>e ,b#c is weak aft] ,p-,kt#c & ! ,:ite ,knight ?reat5s to w9 ! ,rook's pawn ev5tually ) a *eck at ,b#f4 ,= ?is reason ,kt-,q #b1 = in/ance1 c\ld n be play$ in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text1 because #c4 ,kt-,k#e w\ld foll[4 ,black n[ _c ex*ange1 ( c\rse1 o!rwise ! position w\ld resolve itself to an easy end game w9 simil> to ! "o 9 ,diagram #ef4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ left b ,kt-,kt#a to oppose ! ?reat ( ,kt-,b#f;*1 & ?is w\ld get ! ,knight entirely out ( play1 s t ,:ite c\ld que5 ! pass$ pawn easily aft] #d4 ,k-,kt#f4 #c4 ,k-,k#e ,p-,b#c ,! ,k+ 0 ?reat5+ to ent] via ,q#e & ,b#f4 #d4 ,k-,b#e ,kt-,k#c ,if ,black wi%es to obviate ! ?reat3 ,kt-,k#e-;,b#d1 & plays ,p-,kt#d1 ! ,:ite ,k+ goes to ,,qb#e & w9s all ! pawns easily4 ,!re=e ,black endeav\rs to sacrifice a pawn 9 ord] to ex*ange ! two o!rs1 aft] :i* a draw c\ld be =c$ by ex*ang+ ! ,knight = ! rema9+ ,:ite pawn4 #e4 ,kt-,k#e ,p-,b#d #f4 ,kt-,b#d ,p-,kt#d #g4 ,ktx,p ,p-,b#e --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hd4 #h4 ,k-,k#e ,kt-,b#d #i4 ,kt-,b#f;* ,k-,b#a6 ,n ,k-,b#b1 because ( #aj4 ,k-,q#d1 ,kt-,q#f2 #aa4 ,kt-,k#e;*4 #aj4 ,kt-,r#g ,"h ,:ite _h only consid]$ ! foll[+ answ]3 ,kt-,q#f;*2 #aa4 ,k-,q#d1 ,ktx,kt,p2 #ab4 ,ktx,p1 ,kt-,q#f2 #ac4 ,p-,b#e1 ,kt-,kt#e2 #ad4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,kt-,b#g;*3 #ae4 ,kx,p1 ,kt-,k#f;*2 #af4 ,k-,b#e1 ,ktx,p2 #ag4 ,p-,r#d1 ,kt- ,k#b2 #ah4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,kt-,b#a2 #ai4 ,k-,b#f1 ,k-,k#a2 #bj4 ,k-,b#g1 ,kt-,r#g2 #ba4 ,k-,kt#g1 & w9s ! ,knight4 ,black h[ev] draws1 ?r\gh a pretty comb9ation3 #aj4 444 ,p-,kt#e #aa4 ,k-,q#d ,p-,b#f #ab4 ,k-,b#d ,px,p #ac4 ,kx,p ,ktx,p & ,:ite _c prev5t ! ultimate ex*ange ( ,kt = ,p4 ,! la/ w9n+ *ance w\ld h be53 #aj4 ,k-,q#d61 ,kt-,q2 #aa4 ,k-,b#c4 ,?is is 9 any case ! m plausible l9e1 because n[ ,:ite c attack ! pawns ) bo? ,k+ & ,knight1 z bo? ! ,black pieces are away f ! field ( op]ations4 ,! sequel c\ld be3 #aa4 ,ktx,b,p2 #ab4 ,p-,r#c 7,kt-,r#g w\ld only draw3 ,kt-,k#g;*2 #ac4 ,k- ,kt#d1 ,kt-,b#h #ad4 ,p-,r#c1 ,kt-,r#g;*2 #ae4 ,kx,p1 ,p-,b#f72 #ab4 ,kt-,q#d;* #ac4 ,k- ,q#d1 ,kt-,b#e2 #ad4 ,k-,k#d 7,kt-,r#g 81 ,kt-,k#g;*662 #ae ,k-,k#c1 ,p-,b#f71 ,kt-,q#f2 #ae4 ,p-,kt#d1 ,kt-,kt#g #af ,kt-,q#d1 & w9s ,,iii4 ,f a game ,blackburne-,s*le*t] 7,vi5na1 #ahih74 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,k ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,q --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,q --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,k ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #he ,:ite has j play$ ,q-,b#d4 ,p-,b#e is ?reat5$1 & ,black is =c$ to ex*ange ,que5s4 ,! ensu+ end-game1 h[ev]1 is inf]ior = ,black1 because ! ,,qp is weak & ,:ite ?reat5s ev5tually to =ce 8 ,que5's ,pawn ?r\gh4 #a4 444 ,q-,b#d #b4 ,qx,q ,bx,q #c4 ,kt-,q#d ,b-,kt#c #d4 ,rx,r ,rx,r #e4 ,r-,k#a ,rx,r ,if ,black wants to avoid ! ex*ange1 he mu/ yield up ! ,k+'s file to ,:ite1 & t w\ld surely spell disa/]1 z ! ,black ,rook w\ld h no field ( action1 & w\ld h to g to ,q#a to avoid ! loss ( a pawn ?r\gh ,kt-,kt#e;*1 aft] :i* ! ,:ite ,rook w\ld take possession ( ! sev5? rank1 fett]+ ! action ( ! ,bi%op into ! b>ga94 #f4 ,kx,r ,b-,q#f #g4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,k-,q#b ,black is condemn$ to inactivity1 & ,:ite c quietly set to "w to =ce 8 pawn ?r\gh4 #h4 ,k-,q#b ,b-,k#e #i4 ,p-,kt#c ,b-,kt#h #aj4 ,p-,,qr#c ,b-,k#e #aa4 ,k-,k#c ,b-,kt#h #ab4 ,kt-,b#c ,9 ord] to play ,p-,q,kt#d & ,p-,b#e1 !n to =ce ,black to ex*ange at ,b#e1 ,:ite mu/ fir/ h ! opportunity ( be>+ a second "t on ,black's ,que5's ,pawn4 ,!re=e he prep>es ! manuvre ,kt-,b#c-,q#b-;,b#d4 #ab4 444 ,k-,k#b #ac4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,b-,b#d #ad4 ,p-,b#e ,b-,q#b #ae4 ,k-,q#d ,b-,k#a #af4 ,kt-,q#b ,b-,q#b #ag4 ,kt-,b#d ,px,pch #ah4 ,px,p ,p-,b#c ,x is n yet easy to mat]ialise ! advantage 9 position ,! advance ,p-,q#f;* w\ld be v bad1 z ,b#f & ,k#f w\ld be made accessible = ,black4 ,:ite />ts by tempt+ ! pawns =w>d & ?us sy/ematically creates po9ts ( attack4 #ai4 ,kt-,kt#b ,b-,b#d #bj4 ,p-,,qr#d ,k-,q#b #ba4 ,p-,r#e ,p-,,qr#c ,! ,que5's side is p>alys$4 ,! text move is =c$1 z ,p-,r#f w\ld give ,:ite yet ano!r pass$ pawn4 ,n[ ,:ite turns 8 att5tion to ! ,k+'s side4 #bb4 ,kt-,b#d ,k-,b#b #bc4 ,kt-,q#f ,b-,q#b #bd4 ,k-,k#d ,b-,r#e #be4 ,p-,kt#d ,b-,b#g;* #bf4 ,k-,q#d ,b-,kt#c ,black wi%es to play ,p-,r#d1 9 ord] to get a pass$ pawn too1 ! only *ance ( sav+ ! game4 #bg4 ,p-,r#c ,k-,kt#a ,n[ ,p-,r#d w\ld be c\nt]$ by ,kt-,b#e1 =c+ ! ex*ange & leav+ a backw>d pawn at ,kt#b & ! ,rook's pawn w\ld be b\nd to fall4 #bh4 ,kt-,b#e ,bx,kt #bi4 ,px,b ,k-,b#b --------------------------------------- #h --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,k ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,k --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hf4 ,x w\ld n[ seem z if ,black might h play$ ,p-,k,kt#d "h1 secur+ a pass$ pawn1 & =c+ a draw4 ,aft] #cj4 ,p-,r#d ,black w\ld play ,p-,r#c1 & x is n evid5t h[ ,:ite is to w94 ,b #bi4 444 ,p-,k,kt#d is p>ri$ by ,px,p e4p4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! pawn positions1 :i* decides ! issue = ,:ite1 is f\nd 9 ! fact t ! ,:ite pass$ pawn at ,q#e is unassailable because ! support ( ! ,,bp _c be tak5 away by ,black's ,p-,kt#c1 :il/ ,black's pass$ pawn at 8 ,b#c c be isolat$ at any "t ?r\gh ,p-,r#d-,r#e4 ,:ite w\ld take up a position on ! ,knight's file ) ! ,k+1 & pu% on ! ,rook's pawn4 ,! isolat$ pawns are !n an easy prey4 ,on ! text move ,:ite also pu%es ! ,rook's pawn on to compel ,p-,r#c & r$uce ,black to moves by ! ,k+4 ,! pass$ ,que5's pawn decides ! game4 #cj4 ,k-,k#d ,k-,q#b #ca4 ,k-,b#d ,k-,k#b #cb4 ,k-,kt#d ,k-,q#b #cc4 ,p-,r#d ,k-,b#a #cd4 ,p-,r#e ,p-,r#c ,o!rwise !re foll[s3 ,p-,r#f1 ,k-,r#e1 etc4 #ce4 ,k-,b#d ,k-,q#b #cf4 ,k-,k#d ,k-,b#b #cg4 ,p-,q#f;* ,k-,b#a #ch4 ,k-,q#e ,k-,q#b #ci4 ,p-,b#f;* ,px,pch 7comp>e ,diagram #fh7 #dj4 ,k-,b#e ,resigns ,,iv4 ,,f ,a ,,game ,,bird-,,jan[ski4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hg ,9 spite ( ! prepond]ance ( mat]ial1 ! w9 is n an easy "o = ,black1 because ( ,:ite's al>m+ pawn array on ! ,que5's side4 ,! ,k+ mu/ fir/ make use ( 8 great p[] z an end-game piece4 #a4 444 ,k-,b#b #b4 ,p-,kt#e ,k-,k#c #c4 ,p-,kt#f ,px,p #d4 ,px,p ,k-,q#b #e4 ,b-,k#e ?reat5s ,p-,kt#g4 ,b z ,:ite mu/ fir/ move 8 ,bi%op to cov] 8 pawn1 ! ,rook's pawn is lo/1 & ! manuvre !re=e uns\nd4 ,p-,r#c 0 indicat$2 x ?reat5s ! break-up ( ! ,black pawns by ,p-,kt#d & _! capture by ! ,k+4 #e4 444 ,k-,b#c #f4 ,b-,q#d ,r-,r#b;* #g4 ,k-,k#c ,rx,p #h4 ,k-,b#d ,r-,q#g6 #i4 ,p-,kt#d ,rx,b ,black r$uces ! position to an elem5t>y end+1 :i* is !oretically a w94 ,:il/ ! two ,:ite pass$ pawns are isolat$ & fall s+ly1 ,black obta9s two pass$ pawns1 :i* are unit$ & unassailable4 #aj4 ,px,r ,p-,k#f #aa4 ,kx,k,p ,px,p #ab4 ,k-,b#d ,p-,r#d #ac4 ,p-,q#e;* ,kx,kt,p #ad4 ,k-,k#e ,k-,b#b ,resigns4 ,v4 ,,f ,a ,,game ,,/e9]-,,=gacz 7,,szekesfeh]v>1 #aijg74 --------------------------------------- #h ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,k ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,r --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hh ,:ite has an advantage 9 ! great] mobility ( 8 ,rook1 & makes ! mo/ ( x 9 an in/ructive fa%ion4 #a4 ,r-,kt#d ,p-,kt#c ,:ite provokes ?is move 9 ord] to produce a weakness at ,,kb#f4 #b4 ,k-,k#b ,k-,k#c #c4 ,r-,,kb#d ,r-,,kb#a ,black naturally d>e n all[ ! ,rook to p5etrate into ! sev5?4 #d4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,,qb#d ,?is move w\ld w9 ! game1 if ! ,rooks _h be5 ex*ang$1 because 9 t case ! di/ant pass$ pawn :i* ,black c\ld obta9 on ! ,q,kt file w\ld decide ! issue4 ,b1 support$ by ! mobile ,rook1 ! c5tre pawns become irresi/ible4 ,in/ead ( ! text move1 ,p-,,kb#d 0 necess>y 9 ord] to release ! ,rook4 #e4 ,p-,b#c ,px,p #f4 ,px,p ,p-,,kb#d ,if x 7 n = ! ,rooks1 ! c5tre pawns w\ld n help ,:ite1 because ,black w\ld obta9 a pass$ pawn on ei!r w+4 #g4 ,k-,q#c ,p-,k,kt#d #h4 ,r-,b#b ,r-,b#a #i4 ,p-,kt#d ,p-,b#e ,if ,px,p1 #aj4 ,r-,b#f;*1 ,k-,k#b2 #aa4 ,r-,r#f w9s4 #aj4 ,p-,,kr#d ,p-,,kr#c #aa4 ,px,p ,px,p #ab4 ,r-,r#b ,r-,b#a #ac4 ,r-,r#f;* ,k-,k#b #ad4 ,p-,q#e ,p-,b#f #ae4 ,r-,k#f;* ,k-,q#b #af4 ,r-,b#f6 ,resigns4 ,= aft] ,rx,r1 #ag4 ,px,r1 ,:ite captures ! ,,bp1 & /ill ov]takes ! pass$ pawn :i* ,black obta9s on ! ,que5's w+2 ! pawns at ,q#e & ,b#f are unassailable 7,k-,k#h1 ,p-,q#f1 ,k-,b#g1 ,p-,q#g1 etc474 ,! consequ5ces ( #af4 ,r-,b#f _h to be calculat$ to a nicety4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! ,q,kt,p 7 already at 8 f\r?1 ,:ite w\ld lose4 ,9 f\r moves ,black w\ld h "o ( 8 pawns at 8 ,r#f1 ! o!r at ,kt#e4 ,9 ! meantime ,:ite w\ld h tak5 ! ,,bp & come back to ! ,q file4 ,n[ ,black w\ld w9 ) ,p-,kt#f1 because aft] ,px,p ! ,,rp que5s unmole/$4 ,,vi4 ,,f ,a ,,game ,,*>\sek-,,he9ri*s5 7,,cologne1 #ahih74 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,q ,r ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,r --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #hi ,:ite's position is sup]ior2 fir/ly1 because ! only op5 file on ! bo>d is 81 & secondly1 because ! ,black ,que5's side pawns are advanc$1 & !re=e weak = a ,k+'s end+4 ,aft] ex*ang+ ! ,que5 & "o ,rook1 ! possession ( ! ,k+'s file ensures ! advance ( ! ,k+ to ,k#d & f !re to ,q#e4 ,!n ! weakness ( ,black's pawns decides ! game4 #a4 ,qx,q ,rx,q #b4 ,r-,k#h;* ,rx,r #c4 ,rx,rch ,k-,r#b #d4 ,k-,r#b ,p-,k,kt#c #e4 ,k-,kt#c ,px,p is no ?reat1 because ,:ite w9s ! pawn back at once ) ,r-,k#e4 ,by captur+1 ,black w\ld only dislocate 8 pawns4 #e4 444 ,k,kt#b #f4 ,k-,b#d ,k-,b#c #g4 ,r-,k#e ,p-,kt#c #h4 ,k-,k#d ,r-,q#c #i4 ,p-,,kb#d ,r-,k#c ,black probably hopes = a c\nt] *ance by gett+ a di/ant pass$ pawn on ! ,k,rook's file4 ,b he und]rates ! weakness ( ! ,que5's side pawns1 & ev5 )\t ! ex*ange ( ,rooks1 ,:ite w\ld w91 by settl+ ! ,k+'s side fir/ & !n te>+ up ! ,que5's side1 z 9 ! game3 #aj4 ,p-,k,kt#d1 ,r- ,k#b2 #aa4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #ab4 ,p-,kt#e;*1 ,px,p2 #ac4 ,px,pch4 #aj4 ,px,p ,px,p #aa4 ,k-,q#e ,rx,r #ab4 ,px,rch ,k-,k#b #ac4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,resigns ,black mu/ capture1 z he ne$s sev5 moves 9 :i* to ex *ange ! ,knight's pawn & que5 8 ,rook's pawn1 :il/ 9 t "t ,:ite c w9 ! ,,qp aft] ,px,p1 & yet arrive 9 "t ) 8 ,k+ to /op ! pawn f que5+4 ,aft] l#c4 444 ,px,p1 h[ev]1 !re foll[s #ad4 ,kx,p4 ,!n ,:ite cov]s 8 pass$ pawn ) ,p-,q#d1 & 8 ,k+1 hav+ full fre$om1 captures all ! ,black pawns4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,middle ,,game ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,hav+ n[ a fair k ( ! end-game1 we %\ld be 9 a position to appreciate h[ ! middle game %\ld be conduct$4 ,we mu/ ?r\gh\t ma9ta9 a fav\rable pawn =mation1 9 view ( ! end-game :i* might be =c$ on u by ex*anges4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z soon z we h ga9$ an advantage suffici5t to secure ! victory 9 ! end-game1 we mu/ ourselves1 by ! ex*ange ( pieces1 try to r$uce ! position to "o ( ! typical elem5t>y cases :i* we h discuss$4 ,n[ x w inv>iably be f\nd t beg9n]s are unwill+ to make ^! ess5tial ex*anges4 ,?is is expla9$ by ! attraction :i* comb9ations involv+ ! action ( _m pieces h = !m4 ,!y assume t ex*anges1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,que5s1 make ! games dull4 ,su* ideas only prove t ! beg9n] has n grasp$ ! nature ( *ess1 ! ess5ce ( :i* is /]n logic & uncompromis+ conclusions1 & ?is dem&s ! %orte/ & cle>e/ way lead+ to a mate4 ,to ! /rong play]1 able to play logically1 logic w always be insep>able f beauty 9 *ess4 ,to play logically means to subord9ate all comb9ations to a lead+ plan ( campaign1 b !re is difficulty 9 f9d+ ! latt]4 ,an uns\nd s*eme1 ev5 if work$ out to its logical conclusion1 c ( c\rse be ( no value4 ,all ! same x is bett] ?an no plan at all4 ,& 9 "t "o ga9s by exp]i5ce1 & develops a sort ( in/9ct = reject+ f ! l>ge numb] ( possible op]ations all ^? :i*1 prop]ly c\nt]$1 _c br+ any advantage4 ,beside practical play1 :i* is ess5tial 9 ord] to ga9 ?is in/9ct1 a me?odical !oretical in/ruction is ( ine/imable value1 & accel]ates ! developm5t ( ! /ud5t's m9d4 ,n[ ! in/ruction ,i wi% to give 9 ! ,,!ory ( *ess w n take ! =m ( an ,,analysis1 br\ght up "r into ! middle game1 ( ! v>i\s op5+s1 te/$ & f\nd correct 9 ma/] play4 ,su* collections errone\sly be> ! title ( 8,!ory ( ! ,op5+s10 & are1 besides1 q useless at ?is /age1 s9ce !y only embody ! results ( ,,analysis4 ,x is fir/ necess>y to asc]ta9 a few lead+ pr9ciples1 :i* c be taught 9 a mo/ simple mann]1 by ! ex]cise ( common s5se1 r ?an by apply+ oneself to ! /udy ( long-w9d$ analysis4 ,! /ud5t w no long] ne$ to discov] "t-worn maxims 9 ! light ( 8 own we>y exp]i5ce1 & on ! o!r h&1 ^! pr9ciples w help him to und]/& analysis1 & to keep cle>ly be=e 8 m9d's eye ! common & pr9cipal l9es ( play1 ( :i* he might easily lose sight 9 ! labyr9? ( sugge/$ v>iations4 ,i propose to %[ ! application ( su* pr9ciples to ma/] play1 & ?is w give u a fur!r opportunity ( deep] /udy1 bo? ( ! rules set out 9 ! fir/ "p = conduct+ ! op5+ correctly1 & ( ! end-game pr9ciples1 :i* %\ld be well consid]$4 ,i h made ! pawn skeleton ) its att5dant gr\p+ ( pieces ! ma9 consid]ation 9 ! /udy ( ! op5+2 n[ 9 ! inve/igation ( ! problems ( ! middle game1 ,i w />t f ! ,,trans=mation :i* ! pawn skeleton has to und]go 9 ! c\rse ( fur!r op]ations4 ,9 my op9ion ?is is ! be/ />t+-po9t = ! *oice ( effective manuvres ( ! diff]5t pieces4 ,be=e we are able to evolve a practical s*eme we mu/ h "u consid]ation ! foll[+ important po9ts3 ,h[ d we "k if an attack is likely to succe$8 ,9 o!r words3 ,on :at po9t %\ld ,i conc5trate ! attack8 ,x %\ld be cle> to all t x is ( no possible use to direct an attack on any?+ t c move away4 ,yet beg9n]s frequ5tly infr+e ?is obvi\s rule1 & ,i h (t5 witness$ manuvres su* z ^! 7,diagram #ij73 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ij #a4 ,p-,,qr#c1 #b4 ,p-,q,kt#d1 & !n1 aft] ! ,b has retir$ to 8 ,kt#c ev51 #c4 ,r-,q,kt#a1 #d4 ,p-,,qr#d1 #e4 ,p-,r#e4 ,mean:ile ,black w h play$ ,p-,,qr#c1 to make a loophole = 8 ,b at ,r#b1 & :at is ! result8 ,! ,black ,bi%op is z effectual at ,r#b z at ,b#d1 b ,:ite has advanc$ 8 pawns1 & weak5$ !m1 z !y are n[ m liable to attack4 ,moreov]1 ,:ite has us$ up five moves to a*ieve 8 aim1 :il/ ,black only ne$$ ?ree4 ,!re=e ,black has ga9$ two moves1 :i* he c use = ! developm5t ( 8 pieces4 ,diagram #ia illu/rates ano!r mi/ake frequ5tly made 9 ! *oice ( an objective1 & "o :i* c utt]ly spoil ! :ole game1 ev5 9 its e>lie/ /age4 ,black has to --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ia move1 & 8 game is some:at h9d]$ by ! dom9at+ position ( ! ,:ite ,que54 ,! latt] prev5ts ! ,bi%op f occupy+ a desirable squ>e at 8 ,,qb#d1 & also makes ! lib]at+ move ,p-,q#d impossible4 ,!re=e x w\ld seem desirable to drive ! ,que5 away4 ,b ?is %\ld only be done if x is n att5d$ by "s fur!r disadvantage4 ,n[ ! av]age play] is n p>ticul>ly fa/idi\s 9 8 me?ods4 ,! ,que5 irritates him1 !re=e ! ,que5 mu/ be repell$ "o way or ! o!r4 ,he w\ld probably try ,p-,,qb#d4 ,! result is t ! ,que5 selects ano!r good squ>e1 = in/ance at ,k#c or ,,qr#d1 b ,black has n improv$ matt]s1 = he /ill c play nei!r ,b-,b#d nor ,p-,q#d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 irr$eemable h>m has be5 done1 inasmu* z ! ,black ,,qp n[ rema9s 8backw>d40 ,! attack on ! ,que5 by ,p-,,qb#d mu/ consequ5tly be reject$4 ,sallies su* z ^!1 9 :i* %ort- liv$ attacks are made by pawns ^u pieces1 are always ( d\btful value4 ,!y mu/ unque/ionably be avoid$ if !y break up ! pawn skeleton1 :i* is =m$ 9 ! op5+1 & conf9e ! mobility ( ! pieces4 ,also ) reg>d to manuvres ( ,,pieces1 int5d$ solely to drive away an oppos+ piece1 x is obvi\sly ess5tial t ! attack+ pieces 9 effect+ _! purpose %\ld n be made to /ray too f> afield1 le/ !y become out ( play4 ,i %all delay deal+ ) ! features und]ly+ good =ms ( attack1 bo? by pieces & pawns1 until ,i h treat$ ( ! *oice ( an objective4 ,f :at we h already exp\nd$1 x is cle> t ! subject ( an attack %\ld be incapable ( evasion4 ,%\ld x1 9 ! c\rse ( attack1 be desir$ to prev5t a ,,piece f be+ mov$1 t c only be effect$ by means ( a 8p940 ,a ,,pawn1 h[ev]1 c be held 9 place ei!r by occupy+ ! squ>e imm$iately 9 front ( x1 or by controll+ ! latt] ) m =ces ?an ! oppon5t c br+ to be> ^u x4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,q ,r ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,r --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ib ,! la/ two diagrams exemplify ?is4 ,if 9 ,diagram #ia ,black makes ! mi/ake ( play+ ,p-,,qb#d z sugge/$1 ! backw>d ,,qp becomes a welcome objective = ,:ite's attack4 ,:ite c keep t pawn back by play+ ,p-,q ,b#d z soon z x ?reat5s to advance1 aft] :i* he w\ld develop quietly1 d\ble 8 ,rooks1 & br+ ! ,q & ,,qb to be> 9 a conc5trat$ attack on ,q#f4 ,a position n unlike t 9 ,diagram #ib w result ultimately1 9 :i* ,black def5ds ! pawn z _m times z x is attack$1 b 9 :i* ,:ite c br+ up 8 ,,kp to ! attack1 z ! ,,qp _c move away1 :il/ ,black has no fur!r def5sive move at 8 disposal4 ,play aga9/ a backw>d pawn ne>ly always develops on ^! l9es1 & is ev5 easi] :5 !re is no def5d+ ,b ( ! same col\r z ! pawn4 7,see p4 #dj1 & ,game ,no4 #bf47 ,su* manuvres1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* pieces are p9n$ & attack$1 are illu/rat$ 9 ,diagram #ij4 ,! mo/ obvi\s move1 :i* initiates an attack & at ! same "t completes ! developm5t ( ! m9or pieces1 is ,b-,kt#e4 ,attacks by means ( su* devices are s frequ5t & v>i$ t x w be necess>y to treat !m at "s l5g?1 :i* ,i n[ propose to d4 ,i %\ld also add t1 ) reg>d to ,diagram #ij1 ! /ud5t w d]ive la/+ b5efit f a ?or\gh /udy ( ! position1 & w ?us improve 8 p[] to judge ( ! desirability1 or o!rwise1 ( obta9+ op5 files1 diagonals1 d\bl$ pawns1 etc4 ,aft] ,b-,k,kt#e1 ! ?reat is to attack ! ,knight a second & ?ird "t ) ,kt-,q#e1 & ,q-,b#c1 aft] mov+ ! ,k,kt away4 ,z ,black's ,k,kt is only support$ twice1 & !re is no *ance ( br++ up m =ces = its def5ce1 ,black mu/ und]take some?+ to provide aga9/ ! ?reat5$ onslaught4 ,! mo/ natural plan is to develop ! ,,qb at ,k#c1 f :]e x c be ex*ang$ = ! ,knight %\ld ,kt-,q#e be play$4 ,! d\bl$ pawn1 :i* ,:ite c\ld =ce by ex*ang+ ! ,bi%ops1 is 9 no way detrim5tal to ,black's game4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! op5+ ( ! file = ! ,rook1 ) ! att5dant *ance ( play+ ,p-,q#d support$ by ! d\bl$ pawn1 gives ,black ! advantage4 ,! d\bl$ pawn :i* ,black obta9s aft] #b4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,bx,kt2 #c4 ,px,b 7or #c4 ,bx,b71 ,kt-,k#b2 #d4 ,bx,kt1 w\ld also be ( no help to ,:ite4 ,! app>5t weakness creat$ 9 ,black's game at ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c by ! disappe>ance ( ! ,kt,p does n assi/ ,:ite 9 ?is case1 because ! pieces :i* c\ld take advantage ( su* a weakness1 ! ,,qb & ! ,kt at ,q#e1 h be5 ex*ang$4 ,!re only rema9s ! ,k,kt & ! ,q = an imm$iate attack1 :il/ ! ,black ,rook w soon get into effective action on ! op5 ,knight's file1 e4g4 #e4 ,q-,q#b1 ,k-,r#a2 #f4 ,q-,r#f1 ,kt-,kt#c2 #g4 ,kt-,r#d1 ,ktx,kt2 #h4 ,qx,kt1 ,q- ,k#b1 foll[$ by ! d\bl+ ( ! ,rooks on ! ,kt file4 ,consid]ations ( a simil> nature w\ld t5d to %[ t #a4 ,b- ,kt#e1 ,kt-,k#b2 #b4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b is 9 fav\r ( ,black4 ,! ,:ite ,,qb1 :i* is s effective 9 tak+ advantage ( weaknesses at ,black's ,,kb#c & ,r#c1 has be5 ex*ang$4 ,! ,que5's ,knight is n available = attack on ! ,,kbp1 z x w\ld be ex*ang$ or else driv5 (f 9 "t by ,p-,b#c4 ,comp>$ ) ! position consid]$ above1 :i* occurs aft] #a4 444 ,b-,k#c1 #b4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,black has ! fur!r advantage ( ma9ta9+ 8 ,,qb1 :i* makes x possible to pu% ! weak ,,kbp on to 8 f\r?1 & ei!r ex*ange x or pu% x /ill fur!r to ,b#e1 a useful & secure position4 ,matt]s w\ld be diff]5t 7 ,black to all[ 8 ,k+'s w+ to be brok5 up )\t gett+ rid ( ,:ite's dang]\s pieces by ex*anges4 ,let u consid] :at happ5s1 if ,black takes no measures aga9/ ,kt-,q#e1 b only prev5ts ,:ite's ultimate ,q-,b#c by p9n+ ! ,knight ) ,b-,k,kt#e4 ,:ite ga9s a decisive advantage by br++ 8 ,que5 into play be=e ,black is able to secure himself aga9/ ! ?reat5$ comb9$ attack ( ,q & ,b1 or alt]nately ,q & ,kt by ,k-,r#a1 ,r-,kt#a-,kt#c4 ,i w give two examples ( h[ ! :ole game n[ c5tres on ! attack & def5ce ( ! po9ts weak5$ by ! disappe>ance ( ! ,kt,p1 & h[ ,:ite pu%es home 8 advantage 9 ! "o in/ance ) ! help ( ! ,b1 9 ! o!r by ! co-op]ation ( ! ,kt4 ,i4 #a4 ,b-,k,kt#e1 ,b-,k,kt#e2 #b4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,kt-,q#e2 #c4 ,q-,q#b1 ,bx,kt82 #d4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #e4 ,q-,r#f1 & !re is no reply to ! ?reat ( ,ktx,pch & ,qx,p mate1 except ?r\gh ! sacrifice ( ! ,q4 ,=c+ ! ex*ange ( ,knights is ( no avail1 = aft] #e4 444 ,kt-,k#g;*2 #f4 ,k-,r#a1 ,bx,pch2 #g4 ,kx,b1 ,kt-,b#e;*2 #h4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #i4 ,k-,r#a1 ,:ite occupies ! ,kt file fir/ & w9s easily3 #i4 444 ,k-,r#a2 #aj4 ,r- ,k,kt#a1 ,r-,k,kt#a2 #aa4 ,rx,r1 ,qx,r2 #ab4 ,r-,k,kt#a foll[$ by mate or loss ( ! ,que54 ,,ii4 #c4 ,q-,q#b1 ,p-,b#c2 #d4 ,ktx,ktch1 ,px,kt2 #e4 ,b-,r#d6 ,bx,kt2 #f4 ,q- ,r#f1 ,kt-,k#g;*2 #g4 ,k-,r#a1 ,bx,pch2 #h4 ,kx,b1 ,kt-,b#e;*2 #i4 ,k-,r#a1 ,kt-,kt#c4 ,n[ ,black has succe$$ 9 int]rupt+ ! ,:ite ,que5's action on ! ,,bp4 ,b x has tak5 _m moves1 ) ! sole result t ,black's ,que5's ,knight is bett] plac$4 ,all ! o!r pieces1 h[ev]1 occupy ! positions !y took up 9 ! op5+4 ,! ,black ,knight1 moreov]1 is only support$ by ! ,,rp until ,black manages to block ! ,:ite ,bi%op's diagonal by ,p-,q#d4 ,mean:ile ,:ite has ga9$ a big />t1 & is ready to occupy ! op5 file ) 8 ,rooks4 ,! sequel might be3 #aj4 ,p-,q#d61 ,bx,p 7if ,px,p2 #aa4 ,p-,k#e661 ,q,px,p2 #ab4 ,r-,k,kt#a1 etc472 #aa4 ,p-,b#c1 ,b-,kt#c2 #ab4 ,,qr-,q#a1 ,k-,r#a2 #ac4 ,r-,k,kt#a1 ,q-,k#b2 #ad4 ,r-,q#c1 ,r-,k,kt#a2 #ae4 ,r-,r#c1 ,r-,kt#b 7,ktx,b2 #af4 ,qx,r,pch6672 #af4 ,r-,b#c1 foll[$ by ,bx,p 7,b#f74 ,tak+ x all 9 all1 we see f ! =ego+ t ! p9n+ ( ! ,black ,knight c only be injuri\s to ,black if he does n take timely measures to provide aga9/ ,:ite's ,kt-,q#e1 :i* ?reat5s to conc5trate m =ces = ! attack on ,,kb#f ?an ,black is able to mobilise = its def5ce4 ,beg9n]s1 aft] hav+ exp]i5c$ frequ5t tr\ble ?r\gh _! inadequate def5ce ( ?is k9d ( attack1 try to avoid _! recurr5ce by mak+ su* p9n+ moves impossible f ! fir/ & play+ ,p-,r#c on :i*ev] side ! p9 is ?reat5$4 ,ap>t f ! loss ( "t1 on :i* ,i rem>k$ at l5g? :5 discuss+ ! op5+1 su* pawn moves h v>i\s o!r drawbacks4 ,) e pawn move x %\ld be consid]$ :e!r ! squ>es protect$ by ! pawn be=e x has mov$ may n ne$ ! support ( t pawn at a lat] /age4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) reg>d to squ>es 9 front ( ! ca/l$ ,k+4 ,if "o ( ^? pawns pu%es on1 ! squ>es :i* h lo/ its protection frequ5tly (f] an op5+ = a direct attack by ! enemy's pieces on ! ,k+4 ,a second consid]ation is ! fact t ! advanc+ pawn itself becomes a t>get = an assault 9 :i* ! oppon5t1 mov+ up a pawn on ! next file1 br+s 8 ,rooks into play1 or 9 :i* he sacrifices a piece = ! advanc$ pawn & ! "o t protects x1 ?us robb+ ! ,k+ ( ! protection he s\ght to obta9 9 ca/l+4 ,! foll[+ examples w contribute mu* to ! und]/&+ ( ?is mo/ important subject1 ! grasp ( :i* w mean a great /ep =w>d = ! /ud5t4 ,! position 9 ,diagram #ic is f a game v4 ,s*eve-,tei*mann 7,b]l91 #aijg74 ,:ite play$ #a4 ,p-,r#c 9 ord] to avoid ! p9n+ ( 8 ,knight ?r\gh ,b-,kt#e4 ,! move is n unju/ifi$1 z ! ,knight is requir$ = ! support ( ! squ>e at ,q#d4 ,! pawn move1 h[ev]1 has ! drawbacks enum]at$ above1 & ,:ite mu/ ?9k ( keep+ a suffici5cy ( pieces = ! fight on ! ,k+'s w+1 9 ord] to prev5t ,black f utilis+ ! weakness ?us creat$ = a comb9$ assault by sup]ior =ces4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ic ,9 ?is case ,:ite does n take precaution>y measures1 & succumbs 9 a surpris+ly %ort "t4 #a4 444 ,kt-,b#c2 #b4 ,px,p8 ,) ?is move ,:ite op5s ! diagonal = ,black's ,,kb = no app>5t reason4 #b4 444 ,q,ktx,p2 #c4 ,ktx,kt8 ,in/ead ( provid+ = ! def5ce ( 8 ,k+'s w+1 ,:ite ex*anges "o ( ! ,k+'s side pieces1 #c4 444 ,qx,kt2 #d4 ,kt-,q#b1 ,bx,p6 ,:ite has provok$ ?is sacrifice by 8 la/ two moves4 ,! ,,kbp is p9n$1 & ! ,q ent]s by way ( h] ,kt#f1 ! protection ( :i* 0 giv5 up by pu%+ on ! ,,rp4 ,! re/ is easy2 #e4 ,px,b1 ,q-,kt#f;*2 #f4 ,k-,r#a1 ,qx,pch2 #g4 ,k-,kt#a1 ,kt-,kt#e2 #h4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,q- ,kt#f;*2 #i4 ,k-,r#a1 ,bx,p2 #aj4 resigns4 ,diagram #id %[s a position f a game ,m>%all-,burn 7,o/5d1 #aijg74 ,/rong 9 ! k t ! ,black ,que5's side pieces are n develop$1 & c only ) difficulty be ( assi/ance 9 ! def5ce ( ! ,k+'s side because ( _! limit$ mobility1 ,:ite takes advantage ( ! weakness creat$ by ! advance ( ! ,black ,k,kt pawn to 8 ?ird1 & initiates an imm$iate assault on ! ,k+'s /ronghold4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #id #a4 ,p-,,kr#d1 ,r-,k#a2 #b4 ,p-,r#e4 ,?is =ces op5 ! ,rook's file4 ,if ! pawn 7 /ill at ,kt#b1 ,black w\ld simply let ,:ite pu% on to ,r#f & !n reply ) ,p-,k,kt#c4 #b4 444 ,ktx,p2 #c4 ,rx,kt1 ,:ite concludes ! game 9 brilliant /yle4 ,black's wrong developm5t has giv5 a welcome opportunity = sacrificial comb9ations4 ,n[ ! ,,kb has an op5 diagonal1 ! pawn position is brok51 & ,:ite's ,q & ,r h no difficulty 9 us+ ! ,rook's file = a deadly attack4 #c4 444 ,px,r2 #d4 ,bx,pch1 ,kx,b2 #e4 ,kt-,kt#e;*1 ,k-,kt#c 7if ,k-,kt#a1 !n #f4 ,qx,p1 ,kt-,b#c2 #g4 ,qx,pch1 ,k-,r#a2 #h4 ,ca/les1 etc472 #f4 ,q,kt-,b#c1 ,p-,k#d2 #g4 ,kt-,r#d;*1 ,k-,b#c2 #h4 ,kt-,r#g;*1 ,k-,k#b2 #i4 ,kt-,b#e;*1 ,k- ,k#c2 #aj4 ,ktx,bch1 ,k-,k#b2 #aa4 ,kt-,b#e;*1 ,k-,k#c2 #ab4 ,p-,q#e;*1 ,kx,kt2 #ac4 ,qx,pch1 ,k-,k#e2 #ad4 ,ca/les1 foll[$ by ,p-,b#c or ,r-,q#d mate4 ,9 cases :]e bo? sides h already ca/l$ on ! same w+1 & ! oppon5t has weak5$ 8 position by pu%+ on "o ( ! pawns ( t w+1 x is seldom advisable to />t an attack ) ! advance ( "o ( ! pawns 9 front ( ! ,k+1 z ! latt]'s position w\ld be weak5$4 ,an attack ( ?is k9d is only ju/ifi$ if !re is a prospect ( conc5trat+ ) all spe$ a sup]ior =ce be=e ! oppon5t has "t = a c\nt] attack4 ,! ,black position 9 ,diagram #ie illu/rates "o mu* fav\r$ by 8natural0 play]s4 ,"h ! advance ( ! --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ie ,,krp w\ld n be a suitable plan ( attack = ,:ite z 8 ,rook is no long] on ! ,rook's file1 nor c\ld x be br\ght back 9 "t4 ,9 ?is case ,:ite mu/ endeav\r to take advantage ( ! weaknesses at ,black's ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c1 produc$ by 8 move ,p-,k,kt#c4 ,?is w be ! modus op]&i3 ,q-,q#b foll[$ by ,b-,r#f1 =c+ ! ex*ange ( ,black's valuable ,,kb4 ,aft] t ! ,q 9 conjunction ) "o ( ! ,knights w attempt to =ce an entry at ,,kb#f or ,,kr#f1 z = in/ance 9 ! foll[+1 ! moves ( :i* are tak5 f a game ,i once wat*$ & took note ( z be+ mo/ in/ructive4 #a4 ,q-,q#b1 ,p-,q#c2 #b4 ,b-,,kr#f1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,bx,b1 ,kx,b2 #d4 ,px,p1 ,q-,q#b2 #e4 ,kt- ,k#d1 ,kt-,q#d2 #f4 ,b-,b#d1 ,,qr-,q#a2 #g4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #h4 ,kt-,b#f1 ,q-,k#c2 #i4 ,q- ,kt#e1 ,b-,b#a 7to prev5t ,kt-,kt#d72 #aj4 ,,qr-,k#a1 ,q-,b#d2 #aa4 ,q-,r#d1 ,p-,,kr#c2 #ab4 ,kt-,q#d1 ,ktx,kt2 #ac4 ,qx,kt1 ,p-,b#d2 #ad4 ,q-,q#b1 ,p-,q#e2 #ae4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,p- ,b#e2 #af4 ,p-,k,kt#d1 ,q-,k#c2 #ag4 ,p-,b#e1 ,q-,b#c2 #ah4 ,r-,k#d1 ,b-,kt#b2 #ai4 ,r-,b#c61 ,q-,b#d2 #bj4 ,qx,pch1 ,kx,q2 #ba4 ,r-,r#c;*1 foll[$ by ,r-,r#g or ,kt-,r#g mate4 ,a some:at m difficult case is %[n 9 ,diagram #if4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,kt ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,kt ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #if ,"h ! advance ( ! ,:ite ,k+'s side pawns has und5iably produc$ weaknesses 9 ! pawn skeleton1 & ^! w\ld be fatal _h ! ,black pieces z mu* mobility z ! ,:ite ones4 ,b ! conge/ion ( ,black's pieces on ! ,que5's side makes 8 def5ce unwieldy1 & ,:ite has no difficulty 9 accumulat+ 8 =ces on ! ,k+'s side = ! f9al assault4 ,! prospects are t ,:ite w be able to br+ home 8 attack1 be=e ,black has a *ance ( =c+ ex*anges & ( br++ ab\t ! end-game1 :i* ?r\gh ! weakness ( ! ,:ite pawns w\ld probably turn to 8 advantage4 ,! play 7,e4 ,cohn-,ed4 ,lask] mat*1 ,b]l91 #aiji7 is in/ructive1 & %[s h[ ! attack %\ld be conduct$ 9 su* positions4 #a4 ,kt-,kt#c1 ,b-,kt#b2 #b4 ,k-,r#b1 ,p-,b#c2 #c4 ,r-,k,kt#a1 ,kt-,q#b2 #d4 ,kt-,r#d1 ,k-,b#b4 ,! conc5tration ( ! ,:ite pieces has become al>m+1 & ?reat5s to be cont9u$ by ,q-,q#b1 ,r-,kt#b4 ,,qr-,k,kt#a1 & ,kt-,b#e4 ,s ! ,black ,k+ decides on flight1 b he f9ds no peace on ! ,q side ei!r1 because !re 8 advanc$ pawns soon all[ ,:ite to make a brea* 9 ! ,black position4 #e4 ,kt-,kt#b1 ,k-,k#b2 #f4 ,q-,k#b1 ,kt-,kt#c2 #g4 ,,kr-,,kb#a1 ,b-,b#a4 ,x is ,black's int5tion to play ,p-,b#d z soon z practicable1 & to make an attempt at a c\nt] demon/ration on ! ,k+'s side1 #h4 ,p-,k ,b#d1 ,k-,q#a8 7,black %\ld h kept to 8 orig9al int5tion & play$ ,p-,b#d72 #i4 ,px,p1 ,q,px,p2 #aj4 ,q-,b#b1 ,kt-,q#b2 #aa4 ,p-,,qr#d2 ,b-,kt#b2 #ab4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #ac4 ,rx,r1 ,bx,r4 ,n[ ,:ite has a*iev$ :at he set out to d4 ,he has op5$ up av5ues ( attack on ! ,que5's side1 & is ready to utilise ! weakness ( ,black's ,,qbp by play+ ,p-,kt#d1 on :i* ,black mu/ submit to op5+ ! file = ! ,:ite ,,kr or ! diagonal = ! ,:ite ,,qb4 ,9 ei!r case ,:ite br+s va/ly sup]ior =ces to be> on ! ,black ,k+'s position1 & ,black %\ld lose4 ,9 ?is game ,black escap$ only ?r\gh a mi/ake on ! "p ( 8 oppon5t4 ,9 ! =ego+ positions x 0 se5 h[ fatal weaknesses c be1 :i* are produc$ by ! premature advance ( ! pawns 9 front ( ! ,k+1 on :om ! oppos+ pieces c =ce _! attack4 ,:5 ! pawns conc]n$ are on ! opposite w+ to _! ,k+1 ! disadvantages ( a premature advance are felt 9 a diff]5t way4 ,! weakness conc]ns ! pawns !mselves & n ! =ces beh9d !m1 & is apt to cause ! loss ( ! end-game1 p>ticul>ly ( ,rook end-games4 ,let u comp>e ! positions 9 ,diagrams #ig --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ig & #ih4 ,9 ! "o case ! *a9 ( ,black pawns is brok5 by ! abs5ce ( ,k ,kt ,p1 9 ! o!r ( ! ,q ,kt ,p4 ,! abs5ce ( ! ,k,kt pawn c lead to s]i\s consequ5ces 9 ! middle game1 because ( ! weakness ( ,black's ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c 7comp>e ,diagram #ij72 x c1 h[ev]1 h>dly become awkw>d 9 ! end-game1 z ! pawns on ! ,b & ,r files are )9 ! protect+ rea* ( _! ,k+4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,b ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ih ,on ! o!r h&1 ! abs5ce ( ! ,q ,kt ,p is ( no consequ5ce = ! middle game4 ,!re is no?+ beh9d x :i* c\ld invite an attack4 ,! ,,qrp & ,,qbp1 h[ev]1 are v weak = ! end-game1 z !y are q out ( rea* ( ! ,k+ 7comp>e ,game ,no4 #ai74 ,i d n wi% to imply t ,black %\ld h avoid$ ! ex*ange at 8 ,,qb#c at all co/2 su* an ex*ange has always ! comp5sat+ advantage ( op5+ a file = ! ,rooks1 :i* advantage (t5 means a fav\rable middle game1 z w be readily und]/ood4 ,fur!r1 x is (t5 possible to get rid ( ! weak ,,qrp by pu%+ x on1 & ev5tually compell+ ! ex*ange ( ! oppos+ ,kt ,p1 an ex*ange :i* c usually be en=c$ if ! ,rooks h occupi$ ! op5 ,kt file4 ,! pawn itself is (t5 useful at ,b #c1 9 t x c support ! advance ( ,p-,q #d 9 ! c5tre1 %\ld x be desir$1 or x c1 by pu%+ on1 be br\ght to ex]cise fur!r pressure on ! oppos+ ,kt ,p4 ,! break-up ( ! pawn position on ! ,q side c become awkw>d 9 ! end-game & sometimes 9 ! middle-game :5 ! pawns c be attack$1 & pieces br\ght to be> on ! ,que5's side )\t leav+ ! ,k+'s side d5ud$ ( =ces4 ,?is w be illu/rat$ by ! position 9 ,diagram #ii4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ii ,,f ,a ,,game ,,fr4 ,,laz>d-,,ed4 ,,lask] 7,,p>is1 #aiad7 ,"h ! pawn positions on bo? sides are brok51 & ! play] t occupies ! op5 files fir/1 gets a decisive advantage4 ,9 ?is case x is ,black's move4 ,we c conclude at once t ,:ite has play$ ! op5+ badly4 ,he mu/ h lo/ two moves1 = he has /ill to capture ! ,,bp & !n1 be+ ,:ite1 x %\ld be 8 move4 ,?is disadvantage1 small z x may seem1 ) :i* ,:ite has em]g$ f ! op5+1 is suffici5t to br+ him into ! greate/ difficulties4 ,black1 ( c\rse1 does n def5d ! pawn by ,b-,kt#b or ,b-,q#b1 z ?is w\ld practically r$uce ! ,b to a ,p &1 moreov]1 ,:ite1 by ,r-,kt#a or ,q#a1 w\ld bo? attack ! ,b & obta9 an op5 file4 ,in/ead ( t1 ,black utilises ! two moves1 :i* he has1 z x 71 z a gift 9 an o!rwise equalis$ position1 to br+ bo? ,rooks on ! ,kt file4 ,?is policy all[s ,black to occupy ! sev5? or eigh? rank at w1 & to attack ! ,:ite pawns f ! flank or re>1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,?is m5ace hamp]s ! radius ( action ( ! ,:ite pieces1 z !y mu/ always be ready = ! def5ce ( ! ?reat5$ pawns1 & ?is gives ,black by f> ! sup]ior game4 ,! play 0 cont9u$ z foll[s3 #a4 444 ,r-,kt#a2 #b4 ,bx,p1 ,r-,kt#g2 #c4 ,b-,k#d1 ,b-,k#c2 #d4 ,p-,,qr#c1 ,,kr-,kt#a4 ,! ,knight's file is n[ def9itely 9 ,black's h&s4 ,:ite c\ld occupy ! ,que5's file1 b ! ,black ,b at ,k#c1 :i* prev5ts ! entry ( ! ,rooks at ,q#g1 makes ! op]ation aimless4 ,!re=e ,:ite is condemn$ to inactivity4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,black's l9e ( action is cle>4 ,8 entry on ! sev5? c only a*ieve some?+ if ,:ite's ,,qbp c be depriv$ ( its support4 ,to d ?is ,black has only to play ,p-,,qb#d-;,b#e & ,p-,,kb#d4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 weak5s ,black's ,,kb1 & ! ,:ite ,rooks might obta9 an entry on ! ,k file4 ,!re=e ,black w effect a timely ex*ange ( "o ( 8 ,rooks1 aft] :i* 8 ,k+ alone w hold ! ,k file4 ,^! consid]ations make ! foll[+ moves cle>3 #e4 ,,kr-,k#a1 ,p-,,qb#d2 #f4 ,p-,,kr#c1 a fur!r awkw>d necessity 9 positions ( ?is k9d4 ,be=e ! ,rook c v5ture out1 a loophole mu/ be provid$ = ! ,k+4 #f4 444 ,p-,b#e2 #g4 ,r-,k#c1 ,r-,kt#h;*2 #h4 ,rx,r1 ,rx,rch2 #i4 ,k-,r#b1 ,p-,b#d2 #aj4 ,b-,b#c1 ,k-,b#b2 #aa4 ,b-,k#b 7?reat5+ ,r-,,qb#c71 ,r-,kt#b2 #ab4 ,r-,,qb#c1 ,k-,b#c 7n[ ,bx,p is n feasible on acc\nt ( ,r-,,qb#b72 #ac4 ,p-,b#d4 ,:ite wi%es to keep ! ,black ,k+ f 8 ,q#e b _c d s p]man5tly4 ,black1 h[ev]1 c occupy ! ,q file ) 8 ,rook1 & conf9e ! ,:ite ,k+ to 8 w+4 #ac4 444 ,r-,q#b2 #ad4 ,k-,kt#c7 ,r-,q#e2 #ae4 ,k-,b#c1 ,k-,k#b2 #af4 ,r-,k#c1 ,k-,q#c2 #ag4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,r-,q#g2 #ah4 ,p-,b#c1 ,b-,b#b4 ,r-,r#g w\ld be a mi/ake on acc\nt ( ,rx,bch1 b ! ,,qrp _c escape4 #ai4 ,p-,,qr#d1 ,p-,kt#c2 #bj4 ,b-,b#c1 ,r-,r#g2 #ba4 ,b-,q#a1 ,b-,q#d2 #bb4 ,r-,k#b1 ,r-,r#h2 #bc4 ,r-,q#b1 ,r-,r#f2 #bd4 ,r-,,qb#b1 ,rx,r,p4 ,n[ at la/ ,black has obta9$ mat]ial ga91 :i* 0 made possible by 8 comm& ( ! op5 ,kt file4 ,to conv]t x into a w9 by que5+ ! extra pawn is only a matt] ( "t4 ,we h n[ se5 h[ ! possession ( op5 files reacts on ! mobility ( ! oppos+ =ces1 =ev] increas+ _! difficulties until ! positional advantage is conv]t$ into mat]ial ga94 ,we %all meet ) cases lat] on 9 :i* ! great] mobility ( m9or pieces a*ieves ! same result & f9d m & m pro(s ( ! tru? ( ! ma9 g5]al pr9ciples :i* ,i introduc$ at ! outset4 ,let u n[ recapitulate ! *ief po9ts t\*$ ^u 9 ! c\rse ( our delib]ations3 #a4 ,g5]ally speak+1 attacks %\ld only be direct$ to objects :i* _c be mov$ away4 #b4 ,if 9 p>ticul> cases ! attack is aim$ at driv+ (f an oppos+ piece f an especially fav\rable po/ t attack is unwise1 if x involves ! weak5+ ! pawn position1 or if pieces h to take up inf]ior positions 9 ord] to effect _! purpose4 #c4 ,pawn moves always create weaknesses1 ei!r by leav+ o!r unsupport$ pawns beh9d1 or by giv+ oppos+ pieces access to squ>es =m]ly gu>d$ by !m1 & ?is m specially s 9 front ( ! ca/l$ ,k+4 #d4 ,attacks :i* dep5d on pawn moves are only ju/ifi$ if ov]:elm+ =ces c be accumulat$ 9 support1 z ! advanc$ pawns might become ! object ( a c\nt] attack4 #e4 ,z pawn moves h v g5]ally "s drawbacks1 ! middle game is ! pieces' own hunt+ gr\nd4 ,z 9 ! op5+1 ! fir/ consid]ation ( s\nd play 9 ! middle game is to make only su* moves z d n r$uce ! mobility ( ! pieces4 ,z illu/rative ( su* manuvres ,i %all n[ give examples f actual ma/] play4 ,9 my annotations ( ^! games ,i h tri$ to keep be=e ! /ud5t's m9d con/antly ! ma9 ideas und]ly+ ! diff]5t comb9ations :i* spr+ f g5]al /rategical pr9ciples4 ,i ?us avoid burd5+ 8 memory ) a mass ( detail1 & br+ into prom95ce ! basic pr9ciple ( ea* l9e ( play1 !reby develop+ 8 capacity = conduct+ a middle game1 ev5 aft] an unusual op5+4 ,i h fix$ ma9ly ^u su* games z are illu/rative ( ! op5+s treat$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book4 ,9 mo/ cases ! fir/ moves w1 !re=e1 n ne$ any special rem>ks4 ,! end-games1 be+ typical examples1 w only ne$ ref]5ce to ! *apt]s 9 :i* !y h be5 respectively dealt )4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,illu/rative ,,games ,,f ,,ma/] ,,t\rnam5ts ,,game ,no4 #a ,:ite3 ,t>tak[]4 ,black3 ,burn4 ,k+'s ,gambit decl9$ 7comp>e p4 #cj74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,p-,,kb#d ,b-,b#d #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,q#c #d4 ,px,p ,on pr9ciple ?is ex*ange _c be comm5d$1 z ! op5+ ( ! ,que5's file increases ! ,black ,que5's mobility4 ,:ite d]ives no b5efit f ! ,,kb file s long z ! ,black ,bi%op makes ca/l+ impossible4 ,:ite int5ds to play ,p-,b#c & ,p-,q#d1 b ! manuvre is d\btful1 & ! :ole op5+ includes an inord9ately l>ge numb] ( pawn moves4 ,9 ! pres5t game ,black exposes ! fail+s inh]5t to ?is sy/em unequivocally4 #d4 444 ,px,p #e4 ,p-,b#c ,kt-,,qb#c ,black _c put (f ,:ite's ,p-,q#d by ,b-,k,kt#e1 = ,:ite c give a *eck ) ! ,que5 & unp9 ! ,knight4 #f4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,! object ( ?is move is n cle>1 z ,p-,kt#e does n w9 a pawn 7,kt-,r#d2 #h4 ,ktx,p2 #i4 ,q-,r#e;*74 ,x does n promote developm5t ei!r1 & only compromises ! ,,qbp & ,q,kt,p4 #f4 444 ,b-,kt#c #g4 ,b-,kt#e ,kt-,b#c ,?is is aim$ at ! ,:ite ,k+'s pawn1 :i* is depriv$ ( its natural support by ! ,q,kt4 ,9 ?is position ,black does well to attack ,:ite's ,,kp r ?an to def5d 8 own1 because an op5 ,k+'s file c only b5efit him4 ,be+ able to ca/le1 he c occupy ! file ) 8 ,rook be=e ,:ite has "t to br+ 8 ,k+ into safety4 #h4 ,ktx,p ,x w\ld h be5 bett] to protect ! pawn by ,q-,k#b or ,p-,q#c4 #h4 444 ,ca/les6 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajj ,! beg9n+ ( a brilliant attack4 ,:e!r ,:ite ex*anges ! ,bi%op or ! ,knight1 he is ov]:elm$4 #i4 ,ktx,kt ,aft] #i4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #aj4 ,ktx,p1 ,q-,k#a w9s2 #aj4 ,p-,q#d w\ld also lose because ,black ga9s two pawns aft] ,ktx,p2 #aa4 ,o-,o1 ,ktx,p4 ,x is int]e/+ to note h[ spe$ily ! weakness at ,:ite's ,,qb#c is br\ght to book4 #i4 444 ,px,kt #aj4 ,bx,p ,ktx,p66 ,n[ ,:ite c nei!r take ! ,kt nor ! ,r4 ,9 ! fir/ case ,q- ,r#e;* =ces mate v soon1 9 ! second ,b-,b#g;*1 foll[$ by ,b- ,kt#e;* or ,b-,r#c;*1 w9s ! ,que54 #aa4 ,p-,q#d ,q-,b#c6 #ab4 ,bx,kt ,q-,r#e;* #ac4 ,k-,q#b ,qx,b #ad4 ,q-,b#c ,q-,r#e6 #ae4 ,p-,kt#c ,n ,qx,r1 because ( ,q-,b#g;* & ! loss ( ! ,que5 by a discov]$ *eck by ! ,bi%op4 ,q-,kt#d;* #af4 ,q-,k#c ,q-,q#d #ag4 ,r-,k#a ,b-,kt#e #ah4 ,k-,b#b ,p-,,qr#d ,su* is ! price to pay = premature advances4 #ai4 ,px,p ,rx,p #bj4 ,b-,r#c ,p-,,qb#d ,black %att]s ,:ite's pawn position1 & 8 ,bi%ops & ,rooks h full play along op5 files & diagonals4 #ba4 ,px,p ,rx,b6 #bb4 ,ktx,r or ,px,b1 ,rx,r,pch2 #bc4 ,rx,r1,qx,rch2 #bd4 ,k-,bl1,b-,b#d4 #bb4 444 ,bx,p ,! re/ speaks = itself4 #bc4 ,q-,k#e ,b-,b#d;* #bd4 ,k-,kt#b ,q-,kt#b;* #be4 ,k-,b#a ,bx,ktch #bf4 ,k-,q#b ,r-,q#a;* #bg4 ,k-,k#c ,r-,q#f;* #bh4 ,k-,b#b ,q-,b#f;* #bi4 ,k-,kt#a ,r-,q#g #cj4 ,q-,kt#h;* ,b-,,kb#a ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #b ,:ite3 ,leonh>dt4 ,black3 ,m>%all4 ,falkbe] ,c\nt] ,gambit 7comp>e p4 #ce74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,p-,,kb#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,px,q,p ,p-,k#e #d4 ,p-,q#c ,px,p #e4 ,qx,p ,kt-,,kb#c #f4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,x w\ld be q bad to play ,p-,b#d & try to hold ! extra pawn at ! exp5se ( developm5t4 ,black w\ld v soon occupy ! ,k+'s file ) 8 ,rook & !re w\ld be no "t = ,:ite to br+ 8 ,k+ into safety1 e4g4 #f4 ,p-,b#d1 ,b-,,qb#d2 #g4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,ca/les2 #h4 ,b-,k#b1 ,r-,k#a1 & already n[ !re are ?reats ( ,kt- ,k#e or ,kt-,kt#e foll[$ by ,b-,b#g;* or ,kt-,b#g4 #f4 444 ,b-,,qb#d #g4 ,b-,q#b ,:ite w\ld ( c\rse l to cont9ue ) ,b-,k#c 9 ord] to make a fight = ! possession ( ! diagonal4 ,he w\ld1 h[ev]1 lose 8 *ance ( ca/l+ ?r\gh ,black's ,q-,k#b4 ,?is is detrim5tal 9 all su* cases :]e ! l9es 9 ! c5tre are op5 or likely to be =c$ op5 at any "t4 #g4 444 ,ca/les #h4 ,ca/les ,q,kt-,q#b #i4 ,b-,k#b ,kt-,kt#c #aj4 ,b-,b#c ,b-,k,kt#e #aa4 ,b-,k#c8 ,:ite has n yet complet$ 8 developm5t1 & 8 fir/ c>e %\ld be to br+ out 8 ,k,kt4 ,?is he c\ld h done )\t difficulty1 ?us3 #aa4 ,bx,b1 ,ktx,b2 #ab4 ,kt-,r#c4 ,aft] ! move 9 ! text1 ,black n only occupies ! ,k+'s file b ga9s a move 9 s do+4 #aa4 444 ,bx,bch #ab4 ,qx,b ,r-,k#a #ac4 ,q-,q#d ,q-,q#c ,black's c\rse is obvi\s2 he mu/ w9 ! ,,qp4 ,! =ces w !n be equal 9 mat]ial1 b !re w rema9 a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,q ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,q ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aja4 flaw 9 ,:ite's position1 namely ! expos$ ,,kbp1 & ?is tells 9 ! end+4 #ad4 ,p-,,kr#c ,n[ ! squ>e at ,k,kt#c is unprotect$1 & ?is is s]i\s 9 view ( a probable ,knight's end+1 :]e1 moreov]1 x w soon] or lat] be necess>y to play ,p-,k,kt#c 9 ord] to support ! ,,kbp4 ,bo? ! ,k,kt,p & ,,kbp w\ld be weak1 ) ! ,k+ on ! o!r w+1 & be "u con/ant ?reat ( be+ captur$4 ,! game does proce$ z indicat$1 & ! simple & logical mann] 9 :i* ,m>%all br+s home 8 advantage 9 a v %ort "t %[s conv9c+ly h[ fatal a %att]$ pawn position c be = ! end-game4 ,in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text1 ,:ite %\ld h play$ ,bx,b foll[$ by ,kt-,b#c1 :i* w\ld h complet$ 8 developm5t )\t mak+ ano!r pawn move4 #ad4 444 ,bx,b #ae4 ,ktx,b ,,qr-,q#a #af4 ,,kr-,,ki ,rx,r #ag4 ,rx,r ,q,ktx,p #ah4 ,ktx,kt ,ktx,kt #ai4 ,p-,k,kt#c ,p-,,kr#c mak+ a loophole = ! ,k+4 ,9 ?is case ! move is correct1 z ! ?reat ( mate ties ! ,black ,rook to 8 rank4 ,x is wrong to make a loophole1 z weak play]s are fond ( do+1 z e>ly z possible 89 case10 be=e x is %[n t !re w be a ne$ = x1 or t !re w be a ,rook end+4 #bj4 ,p-,r#c ,:ite is afraid ( play+ #bj4 ,qx,p on acc\nt ( ,kt-,kt#e1 :i* ?reat5s ,ktx,b,p foll[$ by ,q-,,qb#c4 #ba4 ,qx,p w\ld n be a suffici5t def5ce because ( ,q-,b#d ?reat5+ mate1 & on ! o!r h& #ba4 ,q-,r#d w\ld conjure up a dang]\s attack1 beg9n+ ) ,p-,q,kt#d4 ,:5 ! play]s ca/le on diff]5t w+s1 !re is always ! dang] ( ! oppon5t sacrific+ pawns & op5+ up files = 8 ,rooks & ,q aga9/ ! ca/l$ ,k+4 ,! game !n assumes a wild "*1 & z matt]s are g5]ally settl$ "o way or ano!r 9 ! middle- game1 end-game consid]ations1 bo? ) reg>d to numb] & position ( pawns1 c be disreg>d$4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ! play] :o develops 8 attack fir/ is likely to w91 & t x is ( little use to submit tamely to an assault ( ?is k9d )\t attempt+ a c\nt] attack4 ,su* games are v difficult = ! beg9n] to und]/&4 ,!re is ab\t !m some?+ viol5t & difficult to e/imate1 & ye>s ( practice are necess>y 9 ord] to ga9 ! judgm5t requir$ = weigh+ up ! possibilities ( attack & c\nt] attack1 :]e ! ,k+s h ca/l$ on opposite w+s4 #bj4 444 ,p-,r#c #ba4 ,r-,q#a ,kt-,b#c #bb4 ,qx,q ,rx,q #bc4 ,rx,r ,px,r #bd4 ,kt-,q#d ,kt-,k#e #be4 ,kt-,k#b ,k-,b#a ,! ,black ,k+ n[ pu%es =w>d irresi/ibly1 & attacks ! weak5$ pawns on ! ,k+'s w+4 ,! ,:ite ,k+ _c get any ne>]1 z a *eck by ! ,black ,kt w\ld w9 a pawn at once4 ,! end is easy4 #bf4 ,p-,b#c ,k-,k#b #bg4 ,k-,b#b ,k-,k#c #bh4 ,p-,kt#c ,kt-,b#g #bi4 ,kt-,q#d;* ,k-,b#c #cj4 ,p-,,kr#d ,p-,,kr#d ,n[ ! ,p at ,kt#c is 8backw>d0 & !re=e lo/4 #ca4 ,p-,b#d ,kt-,k#e #cb4 ,kt-,k#b ,k-,b#d #cc4 ,k-,q#c ,kt-,b#g;* #cd4 ,k-,b#c ,k-,kt#e #ce4 ,p-,kt#d ,kt-,k#e;* #cf4 ,k-,q#d ,ktx,p ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #c ,:ite3 ,spielmann4 ,black3 ,prokes4 ,vi5na ,game 7comp>e p4 #ce74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,q#d #d4 ,px,k,p ,ktx,p #e4 ,q-,b#c ,x is contr>y to ! pr9ciples gov]n+ s\nd play to br+ out ! ,que5 e>ly 9 ! game4 ,! oppon5t frequ5tly has an opportunity ( ga9+ a move by driv+ (f ! ,que51 develop+ a m9or piece at ! same "t4 ,9 ! pres5t case ,black might h ga9$ ! advantage 9 ! foll[+ way3 #e4 444 ,q ,kt-,b#c4 ,n[ if3 #f ,ktx,kt !n ,kt-,q#e62 #g ,q-,q#c81 ,px,kt2 #h ,qx,p81 ,b-,,kb#d4 ,if1 h[ev]1 #f ,b-,kt#e1 ,black obta9s ! bett] game by play+ #f4 444 ,ktx,kt2 #g ,kt,px,kt1 ,q-,r#e;*2 #h ,p-,kt#c1 ,q-,k#e;*2 #i ,qx,q1 ,px,q2 #aj ,bx,ktch1 ,px,b1 ) two ,bi%ops on op5 diagonals4 ,!re is no h>m 9 ! d\bl$ pawn1 z ,:ite _c attack x4 ,black's imm$iate ?reat is ,b-,r#c or ,,kb#d1 :i* ex]ts pressure at ,q#f1 & ,:ite w f9d x difficult to advance 8 ,,qp4 #e4 444 ,p-,,kb#d ,?is move is op5 to discussion1 z ! ,kt :i* x means to support c be driv5 away by ,p-,q#c4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ,:ite does play 8 ,,qp to ,q#c1 ,black c prev5t its fur!r advance by ,p-,q#e1 aft] :i* ! ,:ite ,,kp is insecure & ! ,,kb some:at %ut 94 #f4 ,p-,q#c ,ktx,kt #g4 ,px,kt ,p-,q#e #h4 ,q-,b#b6 ,:ite (f]s 8 ,,qbp 9 ord] to be able to /r5g!n 8 c5tre by ,p-,q#d1 & to free 8 pieces4 ,to protect 8 ,,qbp w\ld be inf]ior1 e4g4 #h ,kt-,k#b1 ,kt-,b#c or #h ,b-,kt#b81 ,px,p2 #i ,bx,p1 ,b-,kt#e62 #aj ,bx,b1 ,qx,r#e;*2 #aa ,q-,b#b1 ,qx,bch2 #ab ,q-,q#b1 ,q-,q#e4 #h4 444 ,px,p8 ,x w\ld h be5 bett]1 ( c\rse1 to cont9ue develop+ ) ,kt-,b#c1 :i* at ! same "t ma9ta9s ! pressure on ,q#e4 #i4 ,p-,q#d ,b-,k#c #aj4 ,kt-,r#c ,int5d+ ,kt-,b#d ) a view to ex*ang+ ! ,bi%op4 ,aft] t1 ,black's position on ,:ite squ>es is weak specially on ! diagonal ,,qr#g1 ,k,kt#a1 :i* 0 op5$ by ,black's fif? move1 & on :i* ! ,:ite ,bi%op c soon op]ate4 ,! game is in/ructive 9 %[+ ! developm5t ( t idea4 #aj4 444 ,b-,k#b #aa4 ,kt-,b#d ,q-,q#b #ab4 ,ktx,b ,qx,kt #ac4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,k,kt#c ,black _c prev5t ,:ite's ?reat ( ,q-,k#b & ,b-,b#d4 #ad4 ,q-,k#b ,q-,q#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajb4 #ae4 ,ca/les ,qx,q,pch ,black is oblig+4 ,! op5+ ( files 9 ! c5tre is fav\rable = ,:ite1 z he c make use ( 8 ,rooks 9 ! comb9$ attack4 ,in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text1 developm5t ) ,kt-,b#c & ,ca/les ,,qr 0 ! la/1 ?\gh sl5d]1 *ance ( sav+ ! game4 #af4 ,b-,k#c ,q-,q#d ,if ,qx,p1 ,q-,b#b foll[$ by ,b-,q#d1 ,b-,k#d1 ,,kr-,k#a & ,,qr-,q#a4 ,black has no suffici5t means ( def5ce to oppose ?is mass+ ( =ces4 #ag4 ,,qr-,q#a ,q-,r#d #ah4 ,bx,b,p ,! end is swift1 & easy to und]/&4 #ah4 444 ,r-,b#a #ai4 ,q-,kt#d ,px,b #bj4 ,q-,r#e;* ,r-,b#b #ba4 ,p-,k#f ,resigns4 ,,game ,,no4 #d ,:ite3 ,t>ras*4 ,black3 ,capablanca4 ,giuoco ,piano #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,b#d ,b-,b#d #d4 ,p-,b#c ,! beg9n+ ( int]e/+ op]ations 9 ! c5tre4 ,! /eady developm5t )3 #d4 ,p-,q#c1 ,p-,q#c2 #e4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,kt-,b#c2 #f4 ,b-,k,kt#e1 ,b-,k#c or ,ca/les t5ds to a draw f ! v fir/1 & is ?\ght dull4 #d4 444 ,kt-,b#c ,black c avoid ! ex*ange ( pawns1 :i* ,:ite tries to br+ ab\t aft] ,p-,q#d1 by play+ 8 ,que5 to ,k#b4 ,?is cov]s 8 ,,kp a second "t1 & ,:ite's ,p-,q#d c be answ]$ ) ,b-,kt#c4 ,:ite's ,,qbp !n ob/ructs ! ,kt's natural developm5t4 ,9 a game von ,s*ewe-,tei*mann 7,b]l91 #aijg7 ! position discuss$ on p4 #aag 0 rea*$ aft] ! foll[+ moves3 #e4 ,ca/les1 ,p- ,q#c2 #f4 ,p-,q#d1 ,b-,kt#c2 #g4 ,p-,,qr#d1 ,p-,,qr#c2 #h4 ,p-,r#e1 ,b-,r#b4 #e4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #f4 ,px,p ,b-,kt#e;* --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajc #g4 ,b-,q#b ,! pawn sacrifice by #g4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,ktx,k,p2 #h4 ,ca/les6 is mu* m int]e/+ & m 9 keep+ ) ! _s ( ! op5+4 ,footnote3 ,! foll[+ two %ort games w give an idea ( ! v>i\s l9es ( attack :i* are to be f\nd 9 ?is op5+3 a4 ,h[ell-,mi*ell 7cable mat*1 ,engl&--,am]ica1 #aijg73 #h4 444 ,bx,kt2 #i4 ,p-,q#e 7,moll] attack71 ,b-,b#c2 #aj4 ,r-,k#a1 ,kt-,k#b2 #aa4 ,rx,kt1 ,p-,q#c2 #ab4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,bx,b2 #ac4 ,ktx,b1 ,b-,b#d 7! only *ance ( a draw w\ld be ?is3 ,ca/les2 #ad4 ,ktx,r,p1 ,kx,kt2 #ae4 ,,qr#e;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #af4 ,r- ,r#d1 ,p-,,kb#d62 #ag4 ,b-,k#b1 ,kt-,kt#c62 #ah4 ,q-,r#g;*1 ,k-,b#b2 #ai4 ,r-,r#f1 ,kt-,b#e2 #bj4 ,b-,r#e;*1 ,ktx,b2 #ba4 ,q-,kt#f ) p]petual *eck72 #ad4 ,q-,b#c1,q-,q#b 7,bx,r2 #ae4 ,qx,pch foll[$ by ,q-,k#f;* & ,qx,b72 #ae4 ,b-,kt#e61 ,qx,b2 #af4 ,qx,b1 ,p-,,kb#c2 #ag4 ,,qr-,k#a1 ,px,kt2 #ah4 ,rx,ktch & mate 9 a few moves4 b4 ,x v4 ,y1 fir/ #aj moves z be=e3 #aa4 ,rx,kt1 ,ca/les2 #ab4 ,p-,q#f1 ,px,p #ac4 ,b-,k,kt#e1 ,kt-,b#d2 #ad4 ,q-,q#e61 ,bx,b2 #ae4 ,ktx,b1 ,kt-,r#c 7,qx,kt2 #af4 ,qx,pch72 #af4 ,q ,r-,k#a1 resigns4 ,:ite obta9s a quick developm5t & prev5ts ,black f free+ 8 game by play+ ,p-,q#d4 ,aft] #h4 444 ,bx,kt2 #i4 ,p-,q#e foll[s 7,moll] attack71 & aft] #i4 444 ,b- ,b#c1 ,:ite w9s back 8 piece by ,r-,k#a 7#aj4 ,px,kt w\ld n be good1 z ,black c\ld free 8 game by ,kt,px,p & ,p-,q#d74 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] #h4 444 ,ktx,kt2 ,px,kt1 ,:ite 9 addition ga9s a move1 z ,bx,p is c\nt]$ by ,q-,kt#c4 ,z play$ "h1 ,black succe$s 9 play+ ,p-,q#d1 & ! game is ev54 ,inde$ ! isolat$ ,,qp is a weakness 9 ! ,:ite position4 #g4 444 ,bx,bch #h4 ,q,ktx,b ,p-,q#d6 #i4 ,px,p ,k,ktx,p #aj4 ,q-,kt#c ,q,kt-,k#b #aa4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,ca/les #ab4 ,,kr-,k#a ,p-,,qb#c ,n[ ! ,knight is securely po/$ 9 ! c5tre1 & ,black c accumulate =ces = ! attack on ! ,:ite ,,qp1 possibly by ,q- ,kt#c1 ,r-,q#a & ,kt-,b#d4 #ac4 ,p-,,qr#d 9 ord] to drive ! ,que5 f h] ,kt#c1 b ?is advance is 8?ree-edg$10 z ,ma/] ,gregory w\ld say1 & ! pawn is sure to prove weak 9 ! end-game4 #ac4 444 ,q-,kt#c #ad4 ,q-,r#c ,b-,k#c #ae4 ,p-,r#e ,q-,b#b #af4 ,kt-,k#d ,kt-,k,kt#e w\ld seem to be /rong] "h4 ,b-,b#d w\ld !n be answ]$ by #ag4 ,b-,q#c4 ,aft] ,bx,b1 #ah4 ,qx,b1 ,:ite obta9s opportunities = a ,k+'s side attack1 9 :i* ! ,rook c\ld co-op]ate via ,k#d & ,kt#d or ,r#d4 #af4 444 ,,qr-,q#a #ag4 ,kt-,b#e ,b-,b#a #ah4 ,p-,k,kt#c8 ,?is produces weak po9ts at ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c1 & !re be+ z yet no def9ite ?reat 9 ,black's ,kt-,b#e1 %\ld h be5 avoid$4 ,x is ( c\rse difficult to =mulate a plan ( attack1 = !re is no weak place 9 ,black's arm\r4 ,9 any case ,:ite c\ld safely h play$ ,,qr-,q#a & ,q#b 9 ord] to d\ble ! ,rooks on ! ,k+'s file or ,que5's file accord+ to circum/ances4 ,b n[ z soon z a ,rook moves to ,q#a--;& t w h to be done 9 ! end1 to support ! weak ,,qp--,black's ,b-,kt#e might become awkw>d4 #ah4 444 ,kt-,b#d #ai4 ,,qr-,q#a ,kt-,q#c6 #bj4 ,bx,kt ,kt-,kt#d avoid+ an isolat$ pawn 9 a subtle mann]4 --------------------------------------- #h ,b ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,kt ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,q ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajd #ba4 ,q-,kt#d ,rx,b #bb4 ,kt-,q#c ,b-,kt#e #bc4 ,q,kt-,k#e ,p-,r#d #bd4 ,ktx,b ,px,kt #be4 ,kt-,r#d ,kt-,k#e w\ld be answ]$ by ,,kr-,q#a2 #bf4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,p ?reat5+ bo? ,kt-,b#f;* & ,kt-,b#g4 ,if ,:ite /ops bo? ?reats ) ,q-,b#c1 ,kt-,k#g;* w9s4 #be4 444 ,,kr-,q#a #bf4 ,r-,k#g ,q-,q#c ,n[ ,black =egoes 8 well-e>n$ advantage4 ,he ov]looks ,:ite's subtle move #bh4 ,p-,r#f4 #bf ,q-,b#a 0 indicat$4 ,:ite's ,que5's ,pawn c\ld n escape1 & !re 0 "t to dislodge ! ,:ite ,rook f ! sev5? by ,r-,q#b1 e g4 #bf4 444 ,q-,b#a2 #bg4 ,q- ,kt#c61 ,,qr-,q#b2 #bh4 ,q-,k#c1 ,rx,r2 #bi4 ,qx,r1 ,ktx,p4 #bg4 ,qx,q ,ktx,q #bh4 ,p-,r#f6 ,px,p #bi4 ,rx,r,p ,kt-,kt#d #cj4 ,rx,r,p ,ktx,p #ca4 ,k-,b#a ,p-,kt#d #cb4 ,kt-,kt#b ,kt-,b#f #cc4 ,rx,r ,px,r6 ,! pawn ?reat5s to que54 ,tak+ ! ,rook's pawn w\ld n be s good1 z x w\ld displace ! ,knight4 ,:ite w\ld n only rega9 ! pawn easily ) ,kt-,k#c1 b w\ld also get 8 ,k+ into play4 #cd4 ,kt-,k#a ,r-,k#a ,"h ,r-,,qb#a af=ds w9n+ possibilities = ,black4 ,on acc\nt ( ! ?reat ( ,r-,b#h1 ! ex*ange ( ,knights by ,:ite w\ld be =c$1 & 8 game w\ld h be5 badly cramp$ by ! ,black ,,kbp1 e4g4 #cd4 444 ,r-,,qb#a2 #ce4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #cf4 ,r-,r#a 7,k-,k#a81 ,r-,b#g2 #cg4 ,r-,q#f1 ,r-,k#g;*2 #ch4 ,k-,b#a1 ,rx,p2 #ci4 ,k-,k#a1 ,r-,k#g;*2 #dj4 ,k-,b#a1 ,r- ,k#d71 ,r-,kt#a2 #cg4 ,r-,kt#a1 ,r-,kt#f4 ,aft] ! move 9 ! text ! game is drawn4 #ce4 ,ktx,kt ,px,kt #cf4 ,r-,q#f ,r-,,qb#a ,!re is no?+ 9 ?is move1 z ! ,black pass$ pawn is n[ attack$4 #cg4 ,k-,k#a ,r-,k#a;* #ch4 ,k-,b#a ,r-,,qb#a ,drawn4 ,,game ,no4 #e ,:ite3 ,r4 ,c4 ,griffi?4 ,black3 ,w4 ,h4 ,gun/on4 ,giuoco ,piano4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,b#d ,b-,b#d #d4 ,p-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,p-,q#c ,p-,q#d w\ld seem to be ! logical consequ5ce ( ,p-,b#c1 & !re=e pref]able4 ,aft] ! text move ,black w soon] or lat] be able to en=ce ! advance ( 8 own pawn to ,q#d1 & 8 pieces w !n h ! great] mobility4 #e4 444 ,p-,q#c ,"h ,black might h play$ ,p-,q#d at once4 ,= if ,:ite takes ! pawn1 he leaves ,black 9 possession ( ! pawn 9 ! c5tre4 ,if he does n d s b plays ,b-,q,kt#e in/ead1 ,black's reply w\ld be ,q-,k#b & ! ex*ange ( pawns at ,k #e w\ld foll[4 ,:ite's ,p- ,b#c is !n cle>ly a lo/ move4 #f4 ,b-,k#c ,b-,kt#c #g4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,kt-,k#b #h4 ,kt-,b#a ,p-,b#c #i4 ,q-,k#b ,ca/les #aj4 ,kt-,kt#c ,p-,q#d #aa4 ,px,p ,px,p #ab4 ,b-,kt#c ,kt-,kt#c ,black has n[ ! sup]ior position on acc\nt ( 8 pawn c5tre4 #ac4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,b-,b#b #ad4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,,kr#c #ae4 ,bx,kt ,px,b ,!re is no?+ 9 ! weakness at ,black's ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c caus$ by ! disappe>ance ( 8 ,k,kt ,pawn1 z ,:ite has lo/ 8 ,,kb4 ,on ! contr>y ! op5 file %\ld be a di/9ct asset1 =1 hav+ a /rong c5tre1 ,black's pieces are m mobile & he is m likely to get an attack4 #af4 ,q-,k#c ,k-,r#b #ag4 ,p-,,kr#c 9 ord] to play ,kt-,r#e1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be answ]$ by ,b- ,kt#e4 #ag4 444 ,,kr-,kt#a #ah4 ,k-,r#a ,p-,b#d #ai4 ,kt-,r#e ,b-,k#c ,bx,p 0 ?reat5$4 #bj4 ,r-,k,kt#a ,p-,b#e --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,b ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,p ,q ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aje ,p-,k#e w\ld seem to be bett]1 z x op5s a diagonal = ! ,,kb1 & a diagonal1 too1 = ! ,,qb1 z ,:ite has to ex*ange ! pawns4 ,inde$ ,black w\ld soon h obta9$ a w9n+ advantage1 e4g4 #bj4 444 ,p-,k#e2 #ba4 ,px,p 7,kt-,r#b1 ,q-,r#e2 #bb4 ,q-,k#b1 ,kt-,k#d71 ,b,px,p2 #bb4 ,kt-,r#b1 ,q-,r#e2 #bc4 ,q-,k#b 7,p-,k,kt#d or ,b-,q#a1 ,p-,b#d71 ,kt-,k#d1 ?reat5+ ,kt-,kt#e & ,kt-,q#f4 ,z x is1 ,:ite ga9s a little "t1 al?\gh ,black's position /ill rema9s sup]ior4 #ba4 ,q-,k#b ,q-,k#b #bb4 ,p-,kt#d ,p-,b#c to prev5t ,p-,kt#e4 #bc4 ,r-,kt#b ,,qr-,k#a #bd4 ,r-,k#a ,q-,b#b #be4 ,kt-,q#b int5d+ to play ,p-,b#c1 ?us ret>d+ ,black's ,p-,k#e1 :i* is /ill hang+ ov] ,:ite l ,damocles' sword4 ,! move1 h[ev]1 lets 9 ! ,knight4 #be4 444 ,kt-,r#e #bf4 ,r-,r#b ,p-,b#d #bg4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,k#e ,n[ ?is move is no long] feasible1 z ,:ite's brilliant sacrifice demon/rates4 ,to make ! move possible1 long prep>ations w\ld h be5 necess>y1 su* z3 ,r-,kt#c1 ,b-,q#b-;,b#c1 etc4 #bh4 ,q,px,p ,q,px,p #bi4 ,ktx,k,p ,px,kt #cj4 ,qx,pch ,r-,kt#c #ca4 ,r7,r#b7-,k#b ,! sc5e has *ang$ ) />tl+ sudd5ness4 ,:ite has op5 files & diagonals = all 8 =ces1 :il/ ,black's pieces are immobilis$4 ,:atev] he plays1 ,black mu/ lose ! piece he has ga9$4 #ca4 444 ,b-,q#c #cb4 ,q-,q#c ,bx,b #cc4 ,rx,r ,q-,b#e ,he _c play ,b-,q#d on acc\nt ( ,q-,q#d4 #cd4 ,kt-,b#f;* ,k-,kt#b #ce4 ,,qr-,k#g;* ,bx,r #cf4 ,rx,bch ,kx,kt #cg4 ,q-,q#f;* ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #f ,:ite3 ,mason4 ,black3 ,gunsb]g4 ,giuoco ,piano4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,b#d ,b-,b#d #d4 ,p-,q#c ,p-,q#c #e4 ,b-,k#c ,b-,kt#c #f4 ,p-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #g4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,q-,k#b #h4 ,p-,,qr#d ,a lo/ move4 ,! logical cont9uation is ,kt-,b#a-,kt#c & ,ca/les4 #h4 444 ,b-,k#c #i4 ,b-,q,kt#e ,bx,b ,g5]ally speak+1 ex*anges su* z ?is are d\btful4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! pres5t case1 al?\gh x op5s ! ,b file = ,:ite1 ,:ite _c prev5t ,black f obta9+ ! same advantage4 #aj4 ,px,b ,p-,,qr#c ,black gives up ! move he has ga9$4 ,!re is no ju/ification = ?is1 z no?+ prev5ts him f proce$+ ) 8 developm5t at once ) #aj4 444 ,ca/les4 #aa4 ,bx,ktch ,px,b #ab4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,:ite is anxi\s le/ 8 ,kt,p %\ld be made 8backw>d0 by ,p-,,qr#d & ,p-,b#d4 ,?is is "o ( ! drawbacks ( ! premature advance ( ! ,,qrp4 #ab4 444 ,ca/les ,,kr #ac4 ,ca/les ,kt-,kt#e #ad4 ,q-,k#b ,p-,,kb#d #ae4 ,px,p ,bx,p #af4 ,p-,k#d ,b-,q#b #ag4 ,kt-,b#d ,kt-,b#c #ah4 ,kt-,k#c ,p-,kt#c #ai4 ,p-,b#d ,?is creates a weakness at ,q#d4 ,unimportant z x appe>s to be1 x is ! cause ( ! loss ( ! game1 z ! oppos+ ,knight gets 9 ultimately4 ,! d\bl+ ( ! ,rooks on ! ,,kb file w\ld seem to be ! be/ plan4 #ai4 444 ,kt-,r#d #bj4 ,p-,kt#c ,:ite's weaknesses at ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c are m damag+ ?an ! correspond+ ones 9 ! ,black camp1 z ,black /ill possesses a ,bi%op ( ! same col\r z ! weak5$ squ>es4 ,b ! move is n[ compulsory2 = 7 ,:ite to all[ ! ,black ,knight to 8 ,,kb#e1 & to drive him (f !n ) ,p-,kt#c1 ! ,knight c\ld play to 8 ,r#f & prev5t ! d\bl+ ( ! ,:ite ,rooks4 #bj4 444 ,b-,r#f #ba4 ,r-,b#b ,kt-,kt#b #bb4 ,q-,kt#b ,:ite beg9s to op]ate 9 ! c5tre & on ! ,q w+1 z 8 position on ! ,k side beg9s to be d\btful4 ,! int5tion is to play ,p-,q#d1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ,black opposes at once4 #bb4 444 ,kt-,k#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,kt ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,q ,r ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajf ,if n[ ,:ite plays ,p-,q#d1 he loses a piece by ,px,p2 #bd4 ,ktx,p81 ,rx,r2 #be4 ,kx,r1 ,q-,b#c;*4 #bc4 ,r-,k#a ,! ,rook has no future "h1 & ,r-,q#a1 9 ord] to play ,p-,q#d1 is m logical4 ,b z ,black obvi\sly ?reat5s to d\ble 8 ,rooks on ! ,,kb file1 x w\ld be advisable to play = an ex*ange ( ,rooks1 )3 ,kt-,kt#b1 ,,qr-,b#a & ,kt-,k#a4 #bc4 444 ,r-,b#b #bd4 ,,qr-,k#b ,,qr-,,kb#a #be4 ,kt-,k#a ,kt-,q#e #bf4 ,r-,q#b ,q-,kt#d #bg4 ,kt7,k#c7-,kt#b ,bx,kt #bh4 ,kx,b ,ktx,b is fru/rat$ by ,kt-,b#f;*4 #bh4 444 ,q-,k#f ,all ! ,black =ces are n[ 9 action1 & ,:ite has no def5ce1 z 8 pieces c h>dly move4 #bi4 ,k-,b#a ,kt-,kt#f6 ,resigns4 ,if ,r-,k#b or ,b#b1 !re foll[s ,rx,rch2 #ca4 ,rx,r1 ,kt-,q#g;*2 #cb4 ,qx,kt1 ,qx,q4 ,,game ,,no4 #g ,:ite3 ,m>%all4 ,black3 ,t>ras*4 ,max ,lange ,attack4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #d4 ,b-,,qb#d ,b-,b#d #e4 ,ca/les ,kt-,b#c ,black c avoid ! complications ( ! ,max ,lange attack by #e4 444 ,p-,q#c4 ,9 t case ,:ite _c recov] ! pawn1 & 9 ord] to develop 8 ,q,kt effectively1 w\ld h to play ,p-,b#c1 aim+ at rapid developm5t 9 return1 aft] #f4 444 ,px,p2 #g4 ,ktx,p4 ,b ,black c fru/rate ?is plan ei!r by pu%+ 8 pawn to ,q#f1 s t ! ,q,kt is b>r$ f ! squ>e ,b#c1 or by play+ ,b-,k,kt#e ) ?is probable cont9uation3 #g4 ,q-,kt#c1 ,bx,kt2 #h4 ,bx,pch1 ,k-,b#a2 #i4 ,px,b1 ,kt-,b#c1 & ,black has ! bett] game1 = ,:ite's ,k+'s side is brok5 up & 8 pieces undevelop$1 :ile ,black has prospects ( attack on ! op5 ,,kb file4 #f4 ,p-,k#e ,p-,q#d #g4 ,px,kt ,px,b #h4 ,r-,k#a;* ,b-,k#c #i4 ,kt-,kt#e ,q-,q#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,q ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajg ,?is is ! typical position 9 ! ,max ,lange attack4 ,) 8 n9? move ,:ite ?reat5$ to w9 a piece by ,ktx,b & ,q-,r#e;*4 ,black c\ld n p>ry ! ?reat by #i4 444 ,q-,q#c1 on acc\nt ( ,px,p foll[$ by ,kt-,k#d-;,b#f;*4 ,! position 9 ! diagram appe>s to be fav\rable = ,black1 z all 8 m9or pieces are 9 play1 :il/ ,:ite's developm5t is some:at re/rict$ by ,black's /rong pawns at ,,qb#e & ,q#e4 ,= a long "t ?is op5+ has n be5 play$ 9 t\rnam5ts1 be+ consid]$ unsatisfactory = ,:ite4 ,) ! pres5t game1 & 8 new move ( #ae4 ,b-,r#f1 ,m>%all has reop5$ ! "q z to :e!r ,:ite's attack on ! ,k file plus ! pawn at ,k,kt#g is suffici5tly tempt+4 #aj4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,q-,b#d #aa4 ,q,kt-,k#d ,ca/les ,,qr ,?is is imp]ative4 ,if ,black retires ! ,bi%op f 8 unsafe position1 ,:ite p]man5tly prev5ts ,black f ca/l+1 :i* is b\nd to be fatal 9 view ( ! op5 ,k file--e4g4 #aa4 444 ,b- ,kt#c2 #ab4 ,px,p1 ,r-,k,kt#a2 #ac4 ,p-,k,kt#d1 ,q-,kt#c2 #ad4 ,ktx,b1 ,px,kt2 l#e4 ,b- ,kt#e1 ,rx,p2 #af4 ,q-,b#c ) a viol5t attack4 #ab4 ,ktx,q,b ,if ,:ite tries to w9 ! ex*ange 9 ! foll[+ way3 #ab4 ,p- ,k,kt#d1 ,q-,k#d62 #ac4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,q-,q#d2 #ad4 ,px,p foll[$ by ,kt-,b#f1 ,black c initiate a promis+ c\nt] attack by #ad4 444 ,bx,p662 #ae4 ,px,r-,q1 ,rx,q2 #af4 ,kt-,b#f1 ,qx,kt2 #ag4 ,qx,q1 ,bx,q4 ,9 ?is case ,:ite exposes 8 ,k+'s side by ,p-,k,kt#d 9 ord] to b5efit f ! un/able position ( ! ,black ,,kb1 b unless c>e is tak51 he c easily fall a victim to an attack on ! op5 ,k,kt file #ab4 444 ,px,kt #ac4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,q-,k#d ,n ,q-,q#d1 on acc\nt ( ,px,p & ,kt-,b#f4 #ad4 ,px,p ,,kr-,kt#a #ae4 ,b-,r#f ,?is is ,m>%all's innovation4 ,x gets ! ,bi%op out ( play1 z ,p-,kt#e mu/ necess>ily foll[1 yet ! pawn at ,kt#g holds ! ,black ,rook1 & !re is a p]man5t ?reat ( ,kt-,b#f ei!r w9n+ ! ex*ange or1 if ! ,knight is tak51 giv+ ,:ite a pair ( =midable pass$ pawns4 #ae4 444 ,p-,q#f #af4 ,p-,b#c ,b-,q#c ,?is is q to ,:ite's lik+1 s9ce he wi%es to advance ,ids c5tre pawns4 ,black's only *ance ( escap+ disa/] w\ld be3 ,b-,k#b1 ) ,r-,q#b1 ,kt-,q#a-;,b#b4 ,in/ead ( ?is1 8 next few moves d n reveal any conc]t$ plan1 & he loses 9 a surpris+ly %ort "t4 #ag4 ,p-,b#d ,q-,q#d #ah4 ,q-,b#c ,b-,k#b #ai4 ,p-,kt#e ,q-,b#d #bj4 ,kt-,kt#c ,q-,b#b ,9 manoeuvr+ 8 ,q1 ,black has a*iev$ no?+ ei!r = c\nt] attack or def5ce4 ,n[ ,:ite has num]\s attack+ *ances4 ,he fir/ turns 8 att5tion to ! ,,kp4 #ba4 ,q-,kt#d ,,qr-,k#a #bb4 ,r-,k#d6 ,p-,kt#d #bc4 ,p-,,qr#d & n[ ev5 ! ,,qr takes "p 9 ! assault4 ,black's game is hopeless4 #bc4 444 ,p-,r#c #bd4 ,px,p ,px,p #be4 ,k-,kt#b attack+ ! ,,kp by avoid+ ! *eck4 #be4 444 ,kt-,q#a #bf4 ,q-,b#c ,q-,kt#c #bg4 ,r-,q#d ,p-,b#c #bh4 ,rx,ktch ,kx,r #bi4 ,qx,p ,resigns4 ,aft] ?is1 no ma/] has tri$ to def5d a 8,max ,lange0 9 an int]national t\rnam5t4 ,,game ,,no4 #h ,:ite3 ,blackburne4 ,black3 ,em4 ,lask]4 ,scot* ,game4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p ,b-,b#d #e4 ,b-,k#c ,q-,b#c ,! ?reat ,ktx,kt & ,bx,b mu/ be met 9 "s way4 ,p-,q#c is n satisfactory1 = ,black rema9s ) a trebl$ pawn aft] ! d\ble ex*ange4 ,an alt]native to ! text move is ,b-,kt#c4 ,q-,b#c1 h[ev]1 has ! advantage ( develop+ a piece1 & al?\gh x is ! ,que51 ,:ite has no e>ly opportunity ( driv+ ! same (f1 su* z he (t5 obta9s :5 ! ,que5 comes out s soon 9 ! game4 #f4 ,p-,,qb#c ,k,kt-,k#b #g4 ,kt-,b#b ,9 ord] to develop ! ,q,kt4 #g4 444 ,p-,q,kt#c6 ,out ( ?ree possible moves1 ,lask] selects ! "o :i* contributes mo/ to developm5t4 ,b-,kt#c does no?+ 9 t direction1 & ,bx,b w\ld br+ ! ,:ite ,knight fur!r into play4 ,! text move prep>es ! developm5t ( ! ,b at ,kt#b ) ! option ( ,ca/les ,,qr4 ,if ,:ite ex*anges ,bi%ops he gives up ! comm& ( 8 ,q#d4 ,black's ,p-,q#c might h _h ! same result1 b !n ! ex*ange w\ld h giv5 ,:ite a majority ( pawns on ! ,k side1 :il/ ,:ite's ?ree ,q side pawns w\ld h held ! black ,q side pawns1 "o ( ! latt] be+ d\bl$4 #h4 ,kt-,q#b ,q-,kt#c ,! ex*ange ( ,bi%ops all[s ,:ite to play ,kt-,k#c1 ?us avoid+ ! weak5+ move ,p-,k ,kt#c4 #i4 ,b-,,kb#d is answ]$ by ,p-,q#d64 #i4 ,bx,b ,px,b #aj4 ,kt-,k#c ,r-,q,kt#a #aa4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,ca/les #ab4 ,b-,b#d ,to prev5t ,black's ,p-,b#d4 ,at fir/ sight x seems z if ! ,,qbp ought to move to ,b#d1 z ! advance ( ! ,q,kt,p has weak5$ x4 ,b ,:ite d>es n all[ a ,black ,knight to settle at ,q#e4 #ab4 444 ,p-,q#c #ac4 ,p-,b#d6 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,q --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ajh ,black ?reat5s to play ,k-,r#a 9 ord] to play ,p-,b#d4 ,:ite's position w\ld !n be v bad1 & !re=e he rightly decides to anticipate ! move1 ev5 at ! co/ ( a pawn4 ,9 ord] to ga9 ! ,,qbp ,black mu/ wa/e a numb] ( moves ) ! ,q1 & ,:ite ga9s "t = a ,k+'s side attack4 ,! pawn sacrifice is v promis+ inde$4 #ac4 444 ,q-,b#c #ad4 ,ca/les ,qx,q,b,p #ae4 ,r-,b#c ,!re seem to be _m ?reats "h1 & ! position is a difficult "o to fa?om4 ,aft] dis5tangl+ 8 ,que51 ,black tries v h>d to =ce 8 ,p-,b#d4 ,z soon z he succe$s 9 ?is he has a won game1 = ! op5 file is available bo? = def5ce & c\nt]-attack4 #ae4 444 ,q-,q#e #af4 ,k-,r#a ,b-,k#c #ag4 ,r-,,qb#a ,bx,b #ah4 ,rx,b ,q-,kt#g ,q-,b#c is impossible ap>t f ! fact t x w\ld block ! ,,kbp1 e4g4 #ah4 444 ,q-,b#c2 #ai4 ,p-,k#e1 ,px,p2 #bj4 ,kt-,k#d1 etc4 #ai4 ,r-,,qb#b ,q-,b#c ,n[ ! attack %[n 9 ! la/ note c\ld be answ]$ ) ,q- ,r#e4 #bj4 ,kt-,kt#d ,"h ,p-,k,kt#d c\ld be answ]$ by ,kt-,q#e1 e4g4 #ba4 ,p-,kt#e1 ,q-,kt#c2 #bb4 ,r-,kt#c1 ,p-,b#d4 #bj4 444 ,q-,kt#c #ba4 ,r-,kt#c ,p-,b#d #bb4 ,kt-,k#e ,q-,k#c #bc4 ,ktx,kt ,ktx,kt #bd4 ,p-,k#e ,kt-,kt#e6 ,?is prev5ts ! ,rook f occupy+ ! ,q file :i* is ab\t to be op5$4 #be4 ,r-,b#d ,px,p #bf4 ,q-,r#a ,q-,q#b6 ,if n[ ,qx,p1 ,black plays ,r-,b#b ) unansw]able ?reats ( ,r-,k#a or ,q#a4 #bg4 ,kt-,b#c ,px,p #bh4 ,kt-,k#e ,q-,k#b #bi4 ,rx,k,b,p ,,qr-,k#a #cj4 ,kt-,b#d ,q-,k#h;* #ca4 ,r-,b#a ,qx,q #cb4 ,rx,q ,ktx,p #cc4 ,p-,r#c ,p-,b#e #cd4 ,r-,q#c ,kt-,kt#e #ce4 ,r-,q#g ,p-,b#f6 #cf4 ,px,p ,rx,p #cg4 ,rx,r,p ,kt-,q#f ?reat5s mate 9 six4 #ch4 ,r-,r#a ,kt-,k#h mate is aga9 ?reat5$4 #ci4 ,kt-,q#b ,rx,pch #dj4 ,k-,kt#a ,r-,kt#f;* #da4 ,k-,r#b ,r-,q#f6 #db4 ,rx,kt ,rx,ktch #dc4 ,rx,r ,rx,r #dd4 ,r-,q#g ,r-,k#f #de4 ,rx,p ,rx,p #df4 ,rx,p ,p-,r#c #dg4 ,r-,b#f ,a few m moves 8= fun40 #dg4 444 ,k-,r#b #dh4 ,k-,kt#b ,p-,r#d #di4 ,r-,r#f ,p-,kt#c #ej4 ,r-,r#d ,k-,r#c #ea4 ,r-,,qb#d ,r-,kt#g;* #eb4 ,k-,kt#c ,k-,kt#d #ec4 ,r-,b#c ,p-,r#e;* #ed4 ,k-,r#c ,k-,r#d #ee4 ,r-,b#d ,r-,kt#f;* #ef4 ,k-,r#b ,p-,kt#d #eg4 ,r-,r#d ,r-,kt#g;* #eh4 ,k-,rsq ,p-,r#f #ei4 ,r-,,qb#d ,p-,kt#e #fj4 ,k-,ktsq ,p-,kt#f #fa4 ,r-,b#e;* ,k-,kt#c #fb4 ,r-,bsq ,k-,b#d #fc4 ,r-,rsq ,r-,q#g #fd4 ,r-,ksq ,k-,b#e #fe4 ,r-,rsq ,k-,k#f #ff4 ,r-,r#c;* ,r-,q#f #fg4 ,r-,rsq ,k-,k#g ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #i ,:ite3 ,salwe4 ,black3 ,m>%all4 ,two ,knights' ,def5ce #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,b#d ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,kt-,kt#e ,?is attack may be tempt+1 z ! ,,bp _c be protect$1 b x is aga9/ t elem5t>y pr9ciple :i* says t no attack %\ld be und]tak5 9 ! op5+ until ! m9or pieces are mobilis$1 provid$ ( c\rse t ,black also has made s\nd op5+ moves4 ,!re is e likelihood t ! attack 9 ! pres5t in/ance w lead to no?+4 ,x has tak5 _m ye>s to f9d ! correct reply1 b n[ t x is kn[n1 ! op5+ has practically disappe>$ f ma/] practice4 ,in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text1 ,:ite c play ei!r ,p-,q#c1 lead+ almo/ unavoidably to a draw+ v>iation ( ! ,giuoco piano1 or ,ca/les :i* might br+ ab\t ! ,max ,lange attack aft] #d4 444 ,b-,b#d2 #e4 ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p4 #d4 444 ,p-,q#d #e4 ,px,p ,kt-,,qr#d6 ,?is is a typical position 9 ! ,two ,knights' def5ce4 ,! =m] cont9uation #e4 444 ,ktx,q,p has long be5 ab&on$1 z ! attack t ,:ite c initiate by #f4 ,ktx,b,p1 ,kx,kt2 #g4 ,q-,b#c;*1 =c+ ! ,black ,k+ to ,k#c1 is dang]\s ?\gh ! result is unc]ta94 ,! move 9 ! text breaks ! attack f ! v fir/1 & ,black gets ! advantage --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,b --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aji z he c ga9 "t by attack+ ! two m9or pieces :i* x %\ld be not$1 are unsupport$1 & 9 addition obta9 a spe$y developm5t1 wor? m ?an ! pawn giv5 up = x4 #f4 ,p-,q#c ,b-,kt#e;* is an alt]native4 ,! advantage is ,black's 9 ?is case also--e4g4 ,p-,b#c2 #g4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #h4 ,b-,k#b1 ,p-,,kr#c2 #i4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,p-,k#e2 #aj4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,q-,b#b2 #aa4 ,p-,q#d1 ,b-,q#c 7or ,px,p e4p4 foll[$ by ,b-,q#c72 #ab4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,px,p e4p42 #ac4 ,ktx,p1 ,kt-,kt#e or #aa4 ,p-,b#d1 ,b-,q#c2 #ab4 ,p- ,q#d1 ,px,p e4p42 #ac ,ktx,p1 ,ca/les4 ,black has an easy game & op5 l9es4 #f4 444 ,p-,,kr#c #g4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,k#e #h4 ,q-,k#b ,ktx,b #i4 ,px,kt ,b-,,qb#d #aj4 ,k,kt-,q#b ,! ,knight mu/ move soon] or lat]4 #aj4 444 ,ca/les #aa4 ,kt-,kt#c ,b-,k,kt#e #ab4 ,q-,b#a ,a sorry retreat1 b ! plausible ,q-,q#b w\ld be disa/r\s1 e4g4 ,p-,k#f62 #ac4 ,px,p1 ,kt-,k#e & ,q-,r#e;* #ab4 444 ,b-,kt#e;* ,black's sup]ior developm5t beg9s to tell 9 no unc]ta9 fa%ion4 ,n[ ,:ite c nei!r play #ac4 ,b-,q#b on acc\nt ( ,bx,bch2 #ad4 ,q,ktx,b1 ,r-,k#a1 foll[$ by ,p-,k#f1 nor #ac4 ,kt-,b#c on acc\nt ( ,bx,kt2 #ad4 ,,pxb1 ,p-,b#c rega9+ ! pawn & ma9ta9+ positional advantage4 ,:ite has !re=e no alt]native b ,p-,b#c1 :i* weak5s 8 ,q#c1 :]e a ,black ,knight soon settles d[n4 #ac4 ,p-,b#c ,b-,k#b #ad4 ,p-,,kr#c ,b-,r#d #ae4 ,p-,kt#d ,b-,kt#c ,at la/ ,:ite c ca/le4 ,he c1 ( c\rse1 only ca/le on ! ,que5's side1 because 8 ,k+'s side pawns are %att]$4 ,n[ games 9 :i* ! ,k+s ca/le on diff]5t w+s are m or less beyond calculation1 z po9t$ out be=e4 ,on ! :ole1 ! play] :o fir/ attacks w9s4 ,b exp]i5ce has %[n t ! ,que5's side is m difficult to def5d on acc\nt ( its great] expanse1 & ?is !ory is support$ by ! pres5t game4 ,9 addition1 ,:ite's developm5t is n complet$ yet1 :il/ all ! ,black =ces are ready to /rike4 #af4 ,b-,k#c ,kt-,q#b #ag4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,kt-,k#d #ah4 ,ca/les ,p-,kt#d ,/orm+ ! position ) pawns is peculi> to ?is k9d ( game4 ,! int5tion is to break up ! oppos+ pawn position1 & to op5 files = ! ,rooks4 ,pawns are *eap 9 su* cases4 ,op5 l9es = ! pieces are ! ?+s t matt]1 & ! few] pawns !re are left1 ! m op5 l9es are available = ! attack4 #ai4 ,px,p ,kt-,q#f;* #bj4 ,k-,kt#a ,qx,p #ba4 ,k-,r#a ,! ,k+ 0 n safe on ! diagonal4 ,:ite wi%es to pu% on 8 ,k+'s side pawns 7,p-,b#d-;,b#e1 & s on74 ,b aft] ,px,p e4p4 !re w\ld be a fatal discov]$ *eck by ! ,black ,knight4 #bb4 444 ,qx,p ,black's advantage becomes m m>k$4 ,he has recov]$ 8 pawn1 & = ! ensu+ attacks on bo? sides he is bett] plac$1 hav+ already two op5 files = 8 ,rooks4 #bb4 ,p-,,kb#d ,p-,,qr#d #bc4 ,,qr-,kt#a ,p-,,kb#d #bd4 ,kt-,q#d ,q-,r#e6 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,q ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r ,q ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aaj ,! position bri/les ) *ances = d>+ sacrifices4 ,aft] #be4 ,ktx,b,p1 = in/ance1 ,black c\ld play ,rx,kt62 #bf4 ,px,r1 ,kt-,kt#e2 #bg4 ,px,kt1 ,px,p2 #bh4 ,p-,r#c 7,q-,b#d;*81 ,b-,b#b71 ,b-,b#c2 #bi4 ,k-,r#b1 ,qx,pch2 #cj4 ,px,q1 ,rx,p mate4 #be4 ,p-,kt#c ,q-,q#b #bf4 ,px,p ,bx,p #bg4 ,q-,kt#b ,p-,b#d ,:ite's compulsory #be4 ,p-,kt#c has weak5$ 8 ,,qb#c1 & ! move 9 ! text is int5d$ to op5 ! diagonal ,,kb#c-,,qb#f = ! ,black ,bi%op4 #bh4 ,ktx,b ,qx,kt #bi4 ,qx,p ,b-,b#c #cj4 ,q-,b#d;* ,k-,r#a #ca4 ,kt-,k#d ,,qr-,k#a ,:ite _c p>ry all ! ?reats at once4 ,?\gh he gets rid ( ! ?reat5+ ,b1 he lets 9 ! ho/ile ,r on ! ,k file & ! end _c long be delay$4 #cb4 ,ktx,b ,rx,kt #cc4 ,b-,b#a ,,kr-,k#c #cd4 ,b-,r#c ,r-,k#g #ce4 ,,kr-,q#a ,kt-,k#h #cf4 ,bx,p ,kt-,b#g;* #cg4 ,k-,kt#b ,kt-,kt#e;* & mate at ,r#g or ,b#g4 ,,game ,no4 #aj ,:ite3 ,tei*mann4 ,black3 ,amateurs 9 consultation4 ,two ,knights' ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,b#d ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,ca/les --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aaa ,! idea und]ly+ ?is pawn sacrifice is to op5 ! ,k file = ! ,rook4 ,x w be se5 t1 ) correct play1 ,black manages to ca/le j 9 "t1 & ,:ite1 ?\gh w9n+ back 8 pawn1 has no advantage 9 position4 ,! op5+ is seldom play$ by mod]n ma/]s4 ,in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text1 ,:ite c h>dly def5d ! ,,kp ) ,kt-,b#c1 z ,black simply captures ! pawn & recov]s 8 piece by ,p-,q#d1 ) a satisfactory position4 ,x is ev5 bett] = ,black if ,:ite plays #f4 ,bx,pch 9 reply to #e4 444 ,ktx,p4 ,! capture ( ,:ite's ,,kp is f> m important ?an t ( ! ,black ,,kbp1 p>ticul>ly z ! ,:ite ,bi%op1 :i* c\ld be dang]\s on ! diagonal ,,qr#b-,k,kt#h1 is ex*ang$1 e4g4 #f4 444 ,kx,b2 #g4 ,ktx,kt1 ,p-,q#d2 #h4 ,kt-,kt#e;*1 ,k-,kt#a6 ,black cont9ues ,p-,,kr#c1 ,k-,r#b1 ,r-,b#a & has op5 l9es = ,rooks & ,bi%ops4 #d4 444 ,ktx,p ,black c1 ( c\rse1 develop 8 ,b-,b#d4 ,!n he mu/ ei!r submit to ! ,max ,lange attack 7#e4 ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p7 or play ,bx,p1 giv+ up ! useful ,b1 9 :i* case he loses ! pawn ga9$ aft] #f4 ,ktx,b1 ,ktx,kt2 #g4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,p-,q#c2 #h4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #i4 ,b-,k,kt#e1 & ev5tually ,q-,b#c4 #e4 ,p-,q#d ,r-,k#a at once w\ld lead to no?+4 #e4 444 ,px,p #f4 ,r-,k#a ,p-,q#d #g4 ,bx,p6 ,qx,b #h4 ,kt-,b#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,q --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aab ,?is attack has be5 analys$ ext5sively by ,/e9itz4 ,! only squ>e :]e ! ,que5 _c be attack$ at once by ! m9or pieces is at ,,qi4 ,aft] #h4 444 ,q-,,qi1 ,black obta9s q a satisfactory game3 #i4 ,rx,ktch1 ,b-,k#b2 #aj4 ,ktx,p1 ,p-,b#d4 ,?is is ,pillsbury's move1 int5d+ to displace ! ,rook4 ,black has !n op5 l9es = 8 two ,bi%ops z comp5sation = 8 %att]$ pawn position4 #aa4 ,r-,,kb#d1 ,ca/les2 #ab4 ,ktx,kt1 ,qx,qch2 #ac4 ,ktx,q1 ,px,kt4 ,n[ x is n easy to f9d a reasonable plan = ,:ite1 z ,black ?reat5s to cramp ,:ite's game ) ,b-,q#c & ,p-,b#e4 ,x is !re=e necess>y = ,:ite to take measures aga9/ t by play+ ,r-,b#d & ,b-,b#d4 ,if ,black /ill plays ,b-,q#c1 ,b-,b#d foll[s1 ) ! int5tion ( ex*ang+ & ( provok+ ,black's ,p-,b#d1 :i* leaves ! ,,qp 8backw>d40 #h4 444 ,q-,,kr#d #i4 ,ktx,kt ,b-,k#b #aj4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#c #aa4 ,bx,b ,ktx,b #ab4 ,kt-,kt#c ,q-,r#c #ac4 ,qx,p ,ca/les ,,kr #ad4 ,,qr-,q#a ,n[ ,:ite is ahead ) 8 developm5t1 hav+ bo? ,rooks 9 play & 8 ,que5 bett] plac$4 ,nor c ! latt] be attack$ by ,r-,q#a1 z ,:ite w\ld simply play ,qx,r4 ,on ! ,que5 be+ driv5 away by ! ,black ,knight1 he ex*anges ! latt] & plays ! ,que5 back into ! same dom9at+ position1 ev5tually produc+ a dislocation ( ! ,black ,que5's side pawns4 #ad4 444 ,kt-,b#c #ae4 ,q-,,qr#d ,,qr-,q#a #af4 ,kt-,q#d6 ,ktx,kt #ag4 ,rx,kt ,rx,r #ah4 ,qx,r ,p-,q,kt#c #ai4 ,q-,k#e ,p-,,qb#d ,x is in/ructive to wat* h[ ?is v slight weakness creat$ by ,black's advance ( 8 pawns br+s him into tr\ble4 ,a ,:ite ,knight settles d[n at 8 ,q#f1 :i* is no long] gu>d$ by ! ,black ,,qbp1 & p>alyses ! :ole ( ,black's game4 ,ano!r factor 9 ,:ite's sup]iority ( position is ! possession ( ! ,k+'s file4 ,! ,black ,rook _c move until ! ,k+ gets a loophole by a pawn move4 ,z we h se51 su* a pawn move (t5 af=ds an entry to ! oppos+ pieces4 #bj4 ,p-,,kb#d ,b-,b#a ,n ,bx,p1 ( c\rse1 because ( ,p-,q,kt#c & ,q-,kt#b4 ,! ,bi%op :i* _c rema9 at ,k#c is to g to ,kt#b1 s t ! ?reat ( mate aft] ,q-,,qb#c may also hold up a ,:ite piece4 #ba4 ,p-,b#e ,b-,kt#b #bb4 ,q-,k#g ,q-,,qb#c #bc4 ,r-,k#b ,p-,b#c ,compulsory1 z o!rwise ,p-,b#f =ces ! ,kt,p to advance1 :i* is fatal 9 any case4 ,aft] ,p-,kt#c1 ,:ite w\ld cov] 8 ,,bp & play 8 ,q to ,,kr#f4 ,on ! o!r h&1 aft] ,px,p !re is ,kt-,r#e-;,b#f1 & ,black is 9 a mat+ net4 #bd4 ,kt-,k#d ,q-,q#d #be4 ,kt-,q#f ,b-,b#c ,! ?reat 0 ,qx,rch & ,r-,k#h mate4 #bf4 ,p-,,kr#c 9 ord] to retreat to ,r#b 9 case ( ,q-,q#h;*4 ,9 a way ,p-,,kr#c creates a c]ta9 weakness1 z ! squ>e at ,kt#c is n[ def5celess1 b ,black has no pieces ) :i* to take advantage ( x3 8 ,rook _c move1 8 ,bi%op is on ! ,:ite squ>es4 ,if ,black _h a ,,kb in/ead1 ! move w\ld be v d\btful1 because !n ,black might break 9 ?r\gh ,:ite's ,k,kt#c4 #bf4 444 ,p-,b#e ,:ite's ?reat 0 to repel ! ,black ,que5 by ,p-,b#d & to mate 9 five moves1 beg9n+ ) ,q-,k#f;*4 #bg4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,,kr#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,b ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,r ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aac ,?is disposes ( ! w9n+ ( ! ,que5 by ! ?reat5$ mate4 ,b x creates a weakness at ,black's ,kt#c1 :i* ,:ite exploits 9 gr& /yle4 ,he decides to play ! ,k+ himself to ,kt#f1 ?reat5+ mate at ,kt#g4 ,9 spite ( sev]al raids by ! ,black ,que51 ?is qua9t device is cr[n$ ) success4 ,! weakness creat$ by ,p-,,kr#c c\ld n be demon/rat$ m dra/ically4 #bh4 ,k-,r#b ,p-,q,kt#d #bi4 ,k-,kt#c ,p-,,qr#d #cj4 ,k-,r#d ,p-,kt#c ,if ,:ite 7 to play ,px,p n[1 ,black w\ld mate him "o move e>li] 7,q-,kt#d74 ,( c\rse he p>ries ! ?reat fir/1 & ,black is helpless4 #ca4 ,r-,k#c ,qx,kt,p #cb4 ,r-,kt#c ,q-,b#g ,aft] ,p-,kt#d;* ,:ite c\ld n play #cc4 ,k-,kt#d on acc\nt ( ! pretty mate by ,b-,b#f4 ,he w\ld play ,k-,r#e-,kt#f4 #cc4 ,px,p ,q-,b#e;* #cd4 ,r-,kt#d ,q-,b#g;* #ce4 ,k-,r#e ,resigns4 ,a mo/ in/ructive game1 %[+ h[ ! sup]ior position ( ! pieces c lead indirectly to a w91 by r$uc+ ! oppon5t's pieces gradually to impot5ce & compell+ him to move pawns1 !reby af=d+ opportunities = a decisive entry4 ,,game ,no4 #aa ,:ite3 ,s*le*t]4 ,black3 ,jan[ski4 ,ruy ,lopez 7comp>e p4 #dj74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,kt#e ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,ca/les ,ktx,p ,a cont9uation1 :i* has lately ga9$ 9 fav\r1 is3 ,p-,q#c & ,b-,k#b 7see p4 #ci74 #e4 ,p-,q#d ,b-,k#b ,x is cle>ly v dang]\s to gratify ,:ite's wi% = an op5 file by play+ ,px,p4 ,! move may be playable 9 ! sy/em ( def5ce call$ ! 8,riga v>iation0 7see ,game ,no4 #ag74 ,"h x w\ld be advantage\s to be able to close ! ,,kb's diagonal4 ,x is bett] :5 int5d+ to play ! 8,riga v>iation0 to h play$ ,p-,,qr#c on ! ?ird move4 #f4 ,q-,k#b ,kt-,q#c #g4 ,bx,kt ,kt,px,b #h4 ,px,p ,kt-,kt#b #i4 ,kt-,b#c ,ca/les #aj4 ,r-,k#a ,r-,k#a ,! manuvre cit$ on p4 #dj1 namely ,kt-,b#d-,k#c1 :i* makes ,p-,q#d possible1 is ess5tial = ! developm5t ( ! ,,qb4 ,black loses ! pres5t game because ,:ite is able to keep ! ,bi%op %ut 9 p]man5tly #aa4 ,q-,b#d ,kt-,b#d s t ! pawn ,b#c %\ld n be 8hang+0 :5 ! ,,qp moves4 #ab4 ,kt-,k,kt#e6 ,bx,kt #ac4 ,bx,b ,qx,b #ad4 ,qx,kt ,r-,k#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,r --------------------------------------- #e ,q ,p ,q --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aad ,aft] ! ex*anges ! position is cle>ly 9 fav\r ( ,:ite4 ,aga9/ an undevelop$ ,b1 :i* also hamp]s a ,rook1 8 ,knight is mobile4 ,! ,black ,que5's side pawns are weak1 & give ,:ite w9n+ *ances ev5 if ,black succe$s 9 play+ ,p-,q#d & br++ ! ,bi%op into play4 ,! move 9 ! text1 :i* cov]s ! pawn at ,b#c1 aga9 prep>es = ,p-,q#d4 #ae4 ,q-,q#d ,b-,kt#b ,! only *ance lay 9 ! pawn sacrifice by ,p-,,qb#d1 aft] :i* ! ,bi%op gets to ,kt#b ) a ?reat ( mate1 & ! ,,qr is free4 #af4 ,q-,q,kt#d ,b-,b#a #ag4 ,kt-,k#d ,f9e play4 ,if ,black captures ! pawn1 ,:ite obta9s a comb9$ attack ) ,q1 ,r1 & ,kt1 to :i* ,black c only oppose ! ,q1 s t ! result _c be 9 d\bt--e4g4 #ag4 444 ,qx,k,p2 #ah4 ,kt- ,b#e1 ,q-,q#c2 #ai4 ,q-,,qb#d1 ,rx,rch2 #bj4 ,rx,r1 ,p-,,kr#c2 #ba4 ,r-,k#h;*1 ,k-,r#b2 #bb4 ,q-,k#d;*1 ,p-,kt#c 7,q-,kt#c82 #bc4 ,qx,q1 foll[$ by ,ktx,p72 #bc4 ,kt-,q#c & ,r-,k#g4 #ag4 444 ,q-,k#b #ah4 ,kt-,b#e ,r-,kt#c #ai4 ,r-,k#c ,p-,,qr#d #bj4 ,q-,q#d ,r-,kt#a #ba4 ,p-,,qb#d prev5t+ ,r-,kt#d #ba4 444 ,p-,r#c #bb4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,k-,r#b #bc4 ,r-,q#a ,q-,kt#d #bd4 ,r-,kt#c ,q-,b#d #be4 ,rx,r ,px,r ,black has built a wall ( pawns r\nd 8 ,k+1 b x does n avail aga9/ ! sup]ior =ces :i* ,:ite c conc5trate4 ,:ite's plan is cle>4 ,he w advance 8 pawns1 & break up ^? t surr\nd ! ,black ,k+1 always tak+ c>e t ,black does n free 8 ,que5's side mean:ile4 ,8 pieces w !n break 9 easily1 & ,black is =c$ to look on passively4 #bf4 ,p-,,kr#c ,r-,r#a #bg4 ,p-,,qr#d to prev5t ! sacrifice ( a pawn by ,p-,r#e1 :i* w\ld br+ ! ,black ,rook into play4 #bg4 444 ,r-,kt#a #bh4 ,r-,q#c ,q-,kt#d #bi4 ,k-,r#b ,q-,k#b #cj4 ,p-,b#d ,q-,b#b #ca4 ,p-,k#f66 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,q ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,r ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #a --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aae ,a beautiful move :i* robs ,black ( 8 la/ *ance ( free+ 8 ,que5's side1 :i* he might h accompli%$ by ! pawn sacrifice ( ,p-,q#c4 #ca4 444 ,px,p #cb4 ,q-,k#e ,q-,k#b #cc4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,r-,kt#e #cd4 ,k-,kt#c ,r-,kt#c #ce4 ,p-,r#d ,q-,b#a #cf4 ,p-,r#e ,px,p #cg4 ,qx,r,p ,r-,kt#a #ch4 ,q-,k#e ,r-,kt#c #ci4 ,p-,kt#e ,p-,r#d #dj4 ,p-,kt#f;* ,! end is ne>4 ,black mu/ take1 z ,qx,r,p =ces a spe$y #dj4 444 ,kx,p #da4 ,q-,kt#e;* ,k-,r#b #db4 ,qx,r,pch ,k-,kt#a #dc4 ,q-,kt#e ?reat5+ ,r-,q#h #dc4 444 ,k-,b#b #dd4 ,r-,q#h ,q-,k#b #de4 ,q-,r#e;* ,resigns4 ,loss ( ! ,que5 & mate 9 a few moves _c be prev5t$4 ,black has play$ ! :ole game practically ) two pieces less1 & ! mate 0 really only a matt] ( "t4 ,,game ,no4 #ab ,:ite3 ,tei*mann4 ,black3 ,rub9/e94 ,ruy ,lopez 7see p4 #cg74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,,qr#c #d4 ,b-,r#d ,by ex*ang+ ! ,bi%op ,:ite c\ld n prove ,p-,,qr#c to be a lo/ move1 = ,black1 by retak+ ) ! ,,qp1 obta9s op5 l9es = ,q & ,,qb1 & 9 addition to an easy developm5t1 reta9s two ,bi%ops4 ,?is is a set-(f aga9/ a c]ta9 weakness 9 ,black's game1 :i* may be f\nd 9 ! fact t aft] ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p1 ,:ite has f\r pawns to ?ree on ! ,k+'s side1 :ile 8 ?ree pawns on ! ,que5's side are able to hold ! f\r oppos+ pawns1 "o ( :i* is d\bl$4 ,b ?is weakness c only tell 9 ! end- game1 :i* is too f> ahead = practical purposes1 & to :i* x may n come at all4 ,an example ( ! usual l9e ( play w be f\nd 9 ,game ,no4 #ah4 #d4 444 ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,ca/les ,b-,k#b #f4 ,r-,k#a ,p-,q,kt#d #g4 ,b-,kt#c ,p-,q#c #h4 ,p-,b#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aaf #h4 444 ,ca/les ,9 ,capablanca's op9ion ,black %\ld n ca/le be=e ,:ite's int5tions 9 ! c5tre h be5 made cle>4 ,x makes a great diff]5ce :e!r ,:ite plays 8 ,,qp to ,q#d or to ,q#c only4 ,if aft] #h4 444 ,q,kt-,r#d2 #i4 ,b-,b#b1 ,p-,b#d ,:ite plays3 #aj4 ,p-,q#d1 8 int5tion is to move 8 pawn fur!r to ,q#e z soon z ,black has ca/l$1 & !n to attack on ! ,k+'s w+ ) ,q,kt-,q#b-;,b#a-,k#c1 ,p-,k,kt#d & ,kt-,b#e4 ,= ?is reason ,black %\ld =ce ,:ite to disclose :e!r he int5ds to ex*ange 8 ,,qp or to advance x to ,q#e4 ,9 ! latt] case ,black c refra9 f ca/l+ altoge!r & c\nt]-attack on ! ,k+'s w+1 e4g41 #aj4 ,p-,q#d1 ,q-,b#b2 #aa4 ,p-,,kr#c1 ,b-,q#b2 #ab4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,r-,,qb#a2 if n[3 #ac4 ,p-,q#e !n ,p-,r#c foll[$ by ,p-,kt#d-,kt#e gives ,black _m *ances4 ,if on ! contr>y #ac4 ,px,p1 !n ,black ne$ no long] fe> an attack on ! ,k+'s side aft] he has ca/l$1 z 8 ,rooks w h a fav\rable opportunity = op]at+ on ! op5 ,que5's file4 ,h[ev]1 !re is /ill ! disadvantage = ,black ( hav+ advanc$ ,que5's side pawns1 :i* are liable to attack 7,p-,,qr#d74 ,! game takes a diff]5t c\rse :5 ,black ex*anges ! pawns 9 ! c5tre4 ,! cont9uation w\ld !n be3 #aa4 444 ,kt-,b#c2 #ab4 ,q ,kt-,q#b1 ,b-,q#b2 #ac4 ,kt-,b#a1 ,px,p2 #ad4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #ae4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,q- ,kt#c4 ,x is difficult to decide :i* side has ! advantage4 ,black has an extra pawn1 b ,:ite has ! initiative4 ,if 9 ,diag4 #aaf1 aft] #h4 444 ,ca/les ,:ite plays #i4 ,p-,q#d at once1 ,black has an opportunity = ! foll[+ int]e/+ attack3 #i4 ,p-,q#d1 ,b-,kt#e2 #aj4 ,b-,k#c1 ,ktx,k,p2 #aa4 ,b-,q#e1 ,q-,q#b2 #ab4 ,bx,k,kt1 ,p-,q#d2 #ac4 ,b-,b#b1 ,p-,k#e #ad4 ,p-,,kr#c1 ,b-,r#d2 #ae4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,bx,q2 #af4 ,ktx,q1 ,bx,b2 #ag4 ,ktx,r1 ,rx,kt4 ,:ite _c take advantage ( 8 ,rooks1 z !re is no op5 file1 :il/ ,black ?reat5s to initiate a /rong attack ) ,p-,b#d4 ,alje*9 has analys$ a v>iation ( ?is l9e ( play1 :i* he ?9ks leads f9ally to ,:ite's advantage3 #ab4 ,px,p1 ,kt-,kt#d2 #ac4 ,bx,kt1 ,bx,b2 #ad4 ,p-,,kr#c1 ,bx,kt2 #ae4 ,qx,b1 ,ktx,p2 #af4 ,rx,kt1 ,px,r2 #ag4 ,bx,r1 ,b-,b#h2 #ah4 ,kt-,r#c1 ,q-,q#g4 ,i d\bt t ,:ite c w9 ?is game4 #i4 ,p-,q#c ,9 ?is less aggressive cont9uation1 9 :i* no?+ is imm$iately attempt$ aga9/ ,black's c5tre1 ,:ite prep>es gradually = a ,k+'s side attack1 z 9 ?is game ) ,kt-,q#b- ,b#a-,kt#c4 ,b ,black %\ld obta9 "t = op]ations 9 ! c5tre4 #i4 444 ,kt-,,qr#d #aj4 ,b-,b#b ,p-,b#d #aa4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,kt-,b#c #ab4 ,p-,,qr#d ,9 _m v>iations ( ! ,ruy ,lopez1 ?is advance is always good1 if ,black _c avoid ex*ang+ ! pawn1 because ! ,:ite ,que5's ,rook1 :i* only gets into play ) difficulty1 c ei!r be ex*ang$ or hold ! ,rook's file4 ,9 any case ! ,black ,knight's pawn is weak = ! end-game4 ,if1 z 9 ! pres5t game4 ,black c play ,p-,kt#e1 ,p-,r#d is useless & ev5 d\btful1 z ! ,rook's pawn itself may become weak 9 ! end- game4 #ab4 444 ,b-,kt#b ,?is causes ! loss ( ! game4 ,9 ! ,ruy ,lopez ! ,bi%op is ne>ly always ne$$ on ! diagonal ,,qb#a-,,kr#f1 to prev5t a ,knight f settl+ at ,:ite's ,,kb#e1 :i* o!rwise _c be repell$ except by ,p-,k,kt#c1 a mo/ undesirable consummation4 ,! prop] cont9uation w\ld h be5 ,p-,kt#e1 ,b-,k#c1 ,q-,b#b & ,p-,q#d1 captur+ ! ,que5's file4 ,comp>e note to move #ac 9 ! next game4 #ac4 ,kt-,b#a ,q-,b#b #ad4 ,kt-,kt#c ,p-,kt#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,q ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aag ,"h is ! weakness4 ,:ite fir/ provides aga9/ ,black's ,p-,q#d1 & !n />ts a %>p attack on ! ,k+'s side4 #ae4 ,b-,kt#e ,,qr-,q#a ,p-,q#d at once is n feasible1 because ( ,bx,kt4 #af4 ,px,p ,px,p #ag4 ,q-,b#a ,?is br+s ! ,q away f h] file1 :i* ,black c\ld n[ secure by ,p-,q#d1 foll[$ by ,px,p4 #ag4 444 ,,kr-,k#a ,! prop] cont9uation is ! "o outl9$ 9 ! note above4 #ah4 ,p-,r#c ,:ite has n[ ample leisure to prep>e ! advance ( 8 ,,kbp4 #ah4 444 ,r-,r#a #ai4 ,rx,r ,rx,r #bj4 ,kt-,r#b ,b-,,qb#a #ba4 ,p-,,kb#d ,kt-,k#a #bb4 ,p-,b#e ,bx,b #bc4 ,qx,b ,q-,k#b ,black seeks salvation 9 ex*anges1 :i* ,:ite1 ( c\rse1 tries to avoid1 hav+ good prospects ( driv+ home 8 attack4 ,8 pieces are conc5trat$ on ! ,k+'s side1 :il/ ! ,black =ces are scatt]$1 & unable to get back 9 "t = ! def5ce4 ,moreov]1 x is likely t ! weakness at ,black's ,,kr#c & ,,kb#c w prove fatal z ! ,black ,,kb is ex*ang$4 #bd4 ,q-,r#f ,q-,b#a #be4 ,q-,b#a ,q-,kt#b #bf4 ,r-,b#a ,p-,kt#d ,:ite 0 ?reat5+ to play ,kt-,kt#d ) ,px,p & ,kt-,r#f4 #bg4 ,kt-,kt#d ,kt-,b#c #bh4 ,ktx,ktch ,qx,kt ,"o ( ! attack+ ,knights is elim9at$4 ,b !re is ano!r1 :i* =ces ! entry at ,,kb#f & ,k,kt#f4 #bi4 ,p-,r#d to ga9 access = ! ,:ite ,que5 at ,,kr#f4 ,if ,black1 captures !re foll[s3 #cj4 ,kt-,r#e1 ,q-,q#a2 #ca4 ,q-,r#f1 ,q-,b#a2 #cb4 ,kt-,b#f;*1 an in/ructive example ( ! weakness creat$ by ,p-,k,kt#c4 #bi4 444 ,p-,r#c #cj4 ,kt-,r#e ,q-,q#a #ca4 ,p-,b#f ,all ?is is easy to und]/&4 #ca4 444 ,k-,r#b #cb4 ,px,p ,b-,kt#e #cc4 ,kt-,kt#g ,k-,kt#c #cd4 ,b-,q#a ,q-,q#b #ce4 ,kt-,b#e ,bx,kt #cf4 ,px,bch ,resigns4 ,! conclusion might be3 ,k-,r#b2 #cg4 ,b-,r#e1 ,px,p2 #ch4 ,qx,p1 ,r-,k,kt#a2 #ci4 ,b-,kt#f;*1 ,px,b2 #dj4 ,q-,r#d mate4 ,,game ,no4 #ac ,:ite3 ,tei*mann4 ,black3 ,s*le*t]4 ,ruy ,lopez 7see p4 #cg74 ,move #a-h z 9 ,game ,no4 #ab4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aah #i4 ,p-,q#c ,kt-,,qr#d #aj4 ,b-,b#b ,p-,b#d #aa4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,q-,b#b ,support+1 z x does1 ! ,,kp1 ?is is n a lo/ move1 al?\gh ,:ite has n play$ ,p-,q#d4 ,x prep>es ,black's ,p-,q#d 7aft] ,kt- ,b#c71 ! ,,kp be+ fully protect$ aga9/ ,:ite's d\ble attack by ,px,p4 #ab4 ,kt-,b#a ,kt-,b#c #ac4 ,kt-,k#c ,b-,kt#b ,! logical move w\ld h be5 ,b-,k#c1 to en=ce ,p-,q#d4 ,black is !n v well develop$1 :il/ ,:ite lab\rs "u a some:at undevelop$ ,que5's side4 ,an attempt to ex]t pressure 9 ! c5tre ) ,p-,q#d 9 ord] to prev5t ,black's ,p-,q#d w\ld be belat$4 ,black w\ld ga9 ! advantage by3 l#d4 444 ,k,px,p2 #ae4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #af4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,kt2 #ag4 ,qx,kt1 ,kt-,kt#e6 ,nor w\ld ,b-,kt#e be=e ,kt-,k#c be m successful2 aft] ,b-,k#c2 #ad4 ,kt-,k#c1 ,,qr-,q#a2 #ae4 ,p-,q#d1 ,b,px,p2 #af4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #ag4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,kt2 #ah4 ,qx,kt1 ,q-,b#d1 ,black has ! bett] *ances 9 ! end-game4 ,! move 9 ! text is n good because1 z we saw be=e1 ! ,bi%op is want$ on ! o!r diagonal to cov] ! squ>e at ,,kb#d4 #ad4 ,kt-,b#e ,,kr-,k#a #ae4 ,b-,kt#e ,kt-,q#b ,ev5 n[ x 0 desirable to aim at ,p-,q#d1 !re=e ,,qr-,q#a 0 pref]able4 #af4 ,b-,kt#c ,! position ( ! ,:ite pieces po9ts to a dang]\s m5ace to ! oppos+ ,k+'s side4 #af4 444 ,kt-,b#a #ag4 ,b-,q#e66 ,! beg9n+ ( a brilliant comb9ation4 ,bx,kt is ?reat5$1 & ,black mu/ fir/ cov] 8 ,b at ,k#b4 #ag4 444 ,kt-,kt#c #ah4 ,bx,b ,k,ktx,b ,q,ktx,b is n feasible1 because ( ,bx,b & ,ktx,q,p4 #ai4 ,bx,pch66 ,kx,b #bj4 ,kt-,kt#e;* --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,q ,kt ,k ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aai ,q a numb] ( *>m+ comb9ations are hidd5 9 ?is position4 ,if ,k-,kt#c or ,kt#a1 !n #ba4 ,ktx,kt,p6 ,if ,k-,b#c ,:ite c capture ! ,,rp fir/ ) *eck4 #bj4 444 ,k-,kt#a #ba4 ,q-,r#e ,ktx,kt #bb4 ,qx,r,pch ,k-,b#a #bc4 ,qx,ktch ,k-,kt#a #bd4 ,q-,kt#f666 ,! po9t4 ,?is prev5ts ,p-,kt#c1 :i* w\ld all[ ,black to br+ up 8 ,q = ! def5ce at ,kt#b4 ,n[ no?+ c be done aga9/ ! ?reat5+ ,r-,k#c-;,b#c or ,r#c4 #bd4 444 ,q-,q#b #be4 ,r-,k #c ,resigns ,a wond]ful game 9 :i* ,tei*mann1 ! great judge ( position1 proves himself also a ma/] 9 h&-to-h& fight+1 9 ! wild *aos ( sacrificial comb9ations4 ,,game ,no4 #ad ,:ite3 ,spielmann4 ,black3 ,t>ras*4 ,ruy ,lopez 7see p4 #da74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,,kt#e ,p-,,qr#c #d4 ,b-,r#d ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,ca/les ,kt-,p #f4 ,p-,q#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abj ,9 a game betwe5 ,riga & ,b]l9 ,px,p 0 tri$ = ! fir/ "t1 a bold v5ture :i* anticipates ,:ite's desire to op5 ! ,k+'s file4 ,aft] #g4 ,r-,k#a ,black c def5d ! ,kt by ,p-,q#d1 b aft] #h4 ,ktx,p ,:ite ?reat5s aga9 to w9 ! ,kt by ,p-,,kb#c1 besides attack+ ! ,q,kt a second "t4 ,h[ev]1 ,black has a surpris+ answ] 9 read9ess4 ,he initiates a viol5t c\nt] attack :i* keeps ,:ite busy until ,black1 by ca/l+1 escapes ! dang]s ( ! d\ble p94 7,comp>e ,game ,no4 #ag47 #f4 444 ,p-,q,kt#d #g4 ,b-,kt#c ,p-,q#d #h4 ,p-,,qr#d ,?is gives ,black an opportunity ( dispos+ ( 8 ,q,kt by ex*ang+ x1 !reby enabl+ him to r\nd (f 8 pawn position by ,p-,,qb#d1 at ! same "t ?reat5+ to cut (f ! ,bi%op by ,p-,b#e4 #h4 ,px,p foll[$ by ,p-,b#c is ! natural cont9uation1 z %[n 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book1 because ! ,bi%op1 retreat+ to ,b#b1 c op]ate on a useful diagonal4 #h4 444 ,q,ktx,p6 ,,qr-,kt#a w\ld n be s good1 because ,:ite obta9s an op5 file = 8 ,rook4 ,! move 9 ! text is an absolutely valid def5ce1 z 0 prov$ by ,s*le*t] 9 8 mat* aga9/ ,lask]4 #i4 ,ktx,kt ,px,kt #aj4 ,kt-,b#c ,px,p & ,p-,b#c seems a m natural cont9uation4 #aj4 444 ,ktx,kt ,n ,px,kt1 on acc\nt ( ,bx,p4 #aa4 ,px,kt ,p-,,qb#d #ab4 ,r,px,p ,b-,k#b 9 ord] to ca/le 9 reply to ,b-,r#d4 #ac4 ,q-,b#c ,"h ,:ite %\ld h got back 8 second pawn by ,px,q,p4 ,if !n #ac4 444 ,p-,b#e2 #ad4 ,b-,r#d1 ,ca/les2 #ae4 ,px,p1 ,bx,p1 ,:ite plays ,p-,,qb#c1 provid+ a retreat = 8 ,r or ,b4 ,aft] ! move 9 ! text ?is manuvre becomes impossible1 because ! ,b aft] ,p-,b#c c be attack$ twice b has lo/ ! support ( ! ,que54 #ac4 444 ,b-,k#c #ad4 ,rx,p ,ca/les #ae4 ,px,p ,p-,b#e #af4 ,b-,r#b ,n[ ! ,bi%op is hemm$ 9 p]man5tly2 9 o!r words1 ,black is a piece up & mu/ w9 easily4 ,!re=e #af4 ,b-,r#d 0 compulsory 9 ord] to get at any rate ?ree pawns = ! piece1 ?us3 #af4 444 ,b-,q#b2 #ag4 ,qx,p1 ,rx,r2 #ah4 ,px,r1 ,bx,b2 #ai4 ,qx,p4 #af4 444 ,rx,r #ag4 ,px,r ,q-,r#d #ah4 ,b-,kt#a ,p-,b#f #ai4 ,q-,kt#c ,:ite tries to "w up an attack on ! ,k+'s side :ile ,black is /ill occupi$ on ! o!r w+4 #ai4 444 ,r-,b#a #bj4 ,p-,b#d ,b-,,kb#d #ba4 ,r-,k#a ,b-,b#c #bb4 ,k-,r#a ,9 ord] to answ] ,bx,q,p by #bc4 ,b-,k#c & ,p-,r#g1 #bb4 444 ,qx,p is n feasible because ( ,qx,p4 #bb4 444 ,p-,r#c #bc4 ,p-,r#c ,r-,kt#a #bd4 ,b-,k#c ,qx,p #be4 ,r-,q#a ,q-,r#h #bf4 ,q-,k#a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,q ,b ,r ,q ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aba ,! sequel =ms an in/ructive example ( h[ sup]ior developm5t c af=d w9n+ *ances ev5 :5 !re is no imm$iate prospect ( mat]ial ga94 ,! oppos+ pieces are gradually con/rict$ until ! def5d+ l9es are weak5$ by compulsory pawn moves4 ,9 ! pres5t position ,black quietly sets to "w to br+ 8 ,bi%ops to be> on ! ,:ite ,k+4 #bf4 444 ,b-,k#e #bg4 ,k-,r#b ,b-,k#b #bh4 ,q-,b#a to free 8 game some:at ) ,p-,b#e1 :i* ,black prev5ts at once4 #bh4 444 ,p-,b#d #bi4 ,r-,k#a ,b-,r#e ,be+ probably %ort ( "t1 ,black makes a few irrelevant moves4 ,if 8 aim 0 n ! op5+ ( ! ,k,kt file b ! subsequ5t sacrifice ( ! ,que51 he might h play$ ,q-,kt#g at once1 foll[$ by ,q-,kt#d4 #cj4 ,p-,kt#c ,b-,k#b #ca4 ,b-,b#b ,b-,q#c #cb4 ,r-,b#a ,k-,r#b #cc4 ,r-,k#a ,r-,kt#c #cd4 ,r-,b#a ,b-,r#f #ce4 ,r-,k#a ,q-,kt#g #cf4 ,q-,k#b ,r-,kt#e #cg4 ,r-,kt#a ,r-,kt#c ,o!rwise ,:ite might emb>k ^u a c\nt] attack1 beg9n+ ) ,p-,kt#d4 ,n[ ?is is impossible on acc\nt ( ,r-,kt#c4 #ch4 ,r-,k#a ,q-,kt#d #ci4 ,q-,r#e ,aft] ! ex*ange ( ,que5s1 ,black w\ld w9 easily by ,r-,kt#g4 #ci4 ,b-,r#b also fails on acc\nt ( ,qx,q2 #dj4 ,rx,q1 ,r-,kt#g2 #da4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,b-,q#f62 #db4 ,r-,k#e1 ,bx,p1 & ! pass$ pawn co/s a ,rook4 ,) ! text move1 ,:ite provokes ! sacrifice ( ! ,que5 at ,kt #h1 app>5tly n see+ ! f9e cont9uation at ,black's disposal on ! =ty-fir/ move4 #ci4 444 ,qx,b6 #dj4 ,rx,q ,rx,r #da4 ,p-,kt#d ,compulsory4 ,b-,kt#a w\ld be foll[$ by ,r-,,qb#h1 etc4 #da4 444 ,b-,b#h66 ,resigns4 ,!re might foll[ #db4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,p-,kt#c2 #dc4 ,q-,r#d1 ,bx,pch2 #dd4 ,kx,b1 ,p- ,kt#d;*1 & s on4 #dl4 444 ,b-,q#c w\ld h giv5 ,:ite a little respite1 ?\gh 8 game w\ld /ill h be5 hopeless aft] ,px,p & ,r-,k#h4 ,,game ,no4 #ae ,:ite3 ,alje*94 ,black3 ,niemz[its*4 ,ruy ,lopez 7see p4 #da74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,,qr#c #d4 ,b-,r#d ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,ca/les ,ktx,p #f4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q,kt#d #g4 ,b-,kt#c ,p-,q#d #h4 ,px,p ,b-,k#c #i4 ,p-,b#c ,b-,k#b #aj4 ,r-,k#a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abb ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important positions 9 ! ,ruy ,lopez4 ,black has ! bett] developm5t1 b 8 c5tre is less secure4 ,:il/ ,:ite has a pawn secur$ 9 ! c5tre1 ,black has a ,knight !re :i* w soon be driv5 away4 ,:ite's ,q#d1 ! basis ( 8 c5tre1 is entirely 9 8 h&s1 :ile ,black's ,q#d is expos$ to a /eady pressure by ! ,:ite pieces4 ,f9ally ,black's ,q ,kt is unfav\rably plac$1 ob/ruct+ z x does ! ,,qbp & prev5t+ x f fall+ into l9e ) its fell[s4 ,9 ,petrograd1 #aiji1 ,lask] tri$ ! foll[+ new def5ce3 ,kt-,b#d foll[$ by ,b-,kt#e1 giv+ up ! moves ga9$ be=e 9 ord] to relieve ! pressure on ! ,black ,,qp & to ex*ange ! same ultimately at ,q#e4 ,! v>i\s possibilities ( ! position h be5 discuss$ 9 connection ) ,diag4 #bb4 ,x may be add$ t aft] #aj4 444 ,ca/les2 ,q,kt-,q#b is surely a bett] move ?an ! usual ,kt-,q#d1 z ! ,que5's side %\ld be develop$ be=e und]tak+ an attack 7#aa4 444 ,q-,q#b82 #ab4 ,ktx,b1 foll[$ by ,rx,kt74 ,= a long "t x 0 ?\ght t aft] ,kt-,q#d ,black _h to ex*ange ,knights1 :i* enables ,:ite to make ! pawn at ,,qb#g 8backw>d0 by ,b-,k#c4 ,= ,black mu/ fir/ play ,p-,,kr#c to gu>d 8 ,kt aga9/ ! ?reat ( ,p-,b#c & ,p-,,kr#d4 ,h[ev]1 a s5sational innovation :i* refutes ! ,kt's move 0 introduc$ 9 ,breslau 9 #aiab4 ,x is ! foll[+ sacrifice3 #aj4 444 ,ca/les2 #aa4 ,kt- ,q#d1 ,ktx,k,p62 #ab4 ,p-,b#c1 ,b-,q#c662 #ac4 ,px,kt1 ,b-,kt#e662 #ad4 ,q-,q#b1 ,q-,r#e ) an ov]p[]+ attack4 #aj4 444 ,kt-,b#d #aa4 ,b-,b#b ,b-,kt#e #ab4 ,q ,kt-,q#b ,ca/les #ac4 ,kt-,kt#c ,kt-,k#e ,"h ,lask] play$ ,kt-,k#c aga9/ ,jan[ski 7,p>is1 #aiab71 b x prov$ to be inf]ior1 because #ad4 ,q-,q#c disorganises ,black's ,k+'s side =cibly4 ,! move 9 ! text is n really a pawn sacrifice4 ,aft] #ad4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #ae4 ,qx,q1 ,q,rx,q2 #af4 ,k,kt-,q#d1 ,ktx,kt2 #ag4 ,ktx,kt1 ,r-,q#d1 ,:ite _c play #ah4 ,rx,p1 because ( ,p-,,qb#d2 #ai4 ,kt-,b#b1 ,b-,b#d or #ai4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,r-,q#h;*2 #bj4 ,kt-,k#a1 ,b-,b#d2 #ba4 ,r-,k#b1 ,b-,q#f2 #bb4 ,r-,k#c1 ,b- ,kt#d4 #ad4 ,b-,b#d ,p-,b#d #ae4 ,px,p e4p4 ,ktx,p7,b#c7 #af4 ,q-,q#c ,kt-,k#e8 ,?is loses ! ,,qbp1 & weak5s ! ,,qp4 ,black might h tri$ ,bx,kt2 #ag4 ,qx,b1 ,b-,q#c4 ,x w\ld !n h be5 possible to support ! ,,qp by ,p-,b#c aft] mov+ ! ,kt away4 ,if ,black 0 anxi\s to pres]ve 8 two ,bi%ops he w\ld ev5 h risk$ ,p-,kt#c4 ,aft] #ag4 ,b-,r#f1 ,r-,b#b1 ! ,bi%op c\ld h be5 driv5 away aga9 by ! ,k,kt f ,kt#a or ,kt#e4 ,! op5 file (f]$ "s comp5sation & *ances ( c\nt] attack4 #ag4 ,bx,p ,q-,q#b ,n ,qx,b because ( ,qx,pch4 #ah4 ,kt-,k#e ,ktx,kt #ai4 ,bx,kt ,b-,r#e ,rx,p is bad because ( #bj4 ,rx,kt1 ,b-,,kb#d2 #ba4 ,q-,kt#c4 #bj4 ,b-,kt#c ,bx,b #ba4 ,r,px,b ,b-,b#d ,n[ ,rx,p6 0 feasible ) a level game aft]3 #bb4 ,rx,kt1 ,b-,b#d6 #bc4 ,kx,r1 ,bx,r2 #bd4 ,q any1 ,q-,b#d;*1 foll[$ by ,bx,b4 ,aft] miss+ ?is *ance1 ,black soon loses ! game4 #bb4 ,q-,q#d ,,kr-,q#a #bc4 ,,qr-,q#a ,q-,,qb#b #bd4 ,kt-,q#b ,ktx,k,b,p ,a la/ & desp]ate attempt4 ,black obta9s ,rook & pawn aga9/ two m9or pieces1 b has no "t to initiate an attack ) ! ,rooks4 ,! wise/ plan 0 to give up ! ,p1 ) a view to effect+ ! ex*ange ( ! m9or pieces1 because an end+ ) ,que5 & ,rooks g5]ally produces a draw4 ,black c\ld n play ,ktx,kt,p in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text because ( #be4 ,b- ,kt#c64 #be4 ,bx,b ,ktx,r #bf4 ,rx,kt ,qx,kt,p #bg4 ,b-,k#f;* ,k-,r#a #bh4 ,bx,p ,,qr-,b#a #bi4 ,kt-,k#d ,q-,r#e #cj4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,r-,b#c ,:ite n[ obta9s a pass$ pawn1 & a spe$y w94 #ca4 ,q-,b#b ,q-,r#d #cb4 ,q-,b#c ,qx,q #cc4 ,px,q ,p-,kt#c #cd4 ,r-,q#b ,r-,kt#c #ce4 ,p-,,qb#d ,px,p #cf4 ,px,p ,r-,kt#h;* #cg4 ,k-,b#b ,p-,,qr#d #ch4 ,p-,b#e ,r-,,qb#h #ci4 ,p-,b#f ,k-,kt#b #dj4 ,b-,b#d6 ,rx,b #da4 ,rx,r ,rx,p #db4 ,r-,q#g;* ,k-,r#c #dc4 ,k-,kt#c ,r-,b#e #dd4 ,kt-,b#b ,k-,kt#d ,mate 0 ?reat5$ by3 #de4 ,kt-,kt#d;*1 ,k-,r#d2 #df4 ,r-,q#e;*1 ,p-,kt#d2 #dg4 ,r-,q#f & ,r-,r#f mate 7or if ,rx,ktch1 ,px,r mate74 #de4 ,r-,q#e;* ,k-,b#c #df4 ,rx,p ,resigns ,,game ,no4 #af ,:ite3 ,yates4 ,black3 ,gunsb]g4 ,ruy ,lopez4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,,qr#c #d4 ,b-,r#d ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,ca/les ,ktx,p #f4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q,kt#d #g4 ,b-,kt#c ,p-,q#d #h4 ,px,p ,b-,k#c #i4 ,p-,,qb#c ,b-,k#b #aj4 ,b-,k#c 9 ord] to ex*ange ! ,black ,knight if play$ to ,b#d4 #aj4 444 ,ca/les #aa4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,if ,q-,q#c1 !n ,kt-,r#d2 #ab4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,p-,,qb#d4 #aa4 444 ,ktx,kt ,?is fur!rs ,:ite's developm5t1 & %\ld n be play$ unless !re is no o!r move available4 ,to be consid]$ are ,p- ,b#d & ,b-,k,kt#e4 ,an argum5t aga9/ ,p-,b#d is t ,:ite c deprive ,black's weak c5tre pawn ( "o protect+ piece 7#ab4 ,px,p e4p41 ,ktx,p 7,b#c72 #ac4 ,kt-,kt#e71 & exp]i5ce has %[n t ,:ite obta9s ! sup]ior game4 #ab4 ,qx,kt ,kt-,r#d #ac4 ,b-,b#b ,kt-,b#e ,a v dang]\s manuvre1 z ,:ite c evade ! ex*ange ( 8 ,bi%op & ! ,black ,kt does n get back 9 "t = ! def5ce ( ! ,k side1 :]e ,:ite's attack becomes virul5t4 ,he %\ld h play$ ,p-,,qb#d foll[$ by ,kt-,b#c4 #ad4 ,q-,q#c ,p-,kt#c #ae4 ,b-,r#f ,ktx,kt,p #af4 ,q-,k#b ,r-,k#a #ag4 ,kt-,q#d ,black _h probably anticipat$ t ,:ite w\ld be cont5t ) rega9+ 8 pawn by ,bx,p1 b1 ) f9e positional insight1 he reta9s 8 ,bi%op = ! com+ onslaught & spe$ily conc5trates 8 =ces on ! ,k side2 :il/ ,black1 :o has won a pawn at ! exp5se ( sev]al moves1 _c mobilise an equival5t numb] ( pieces 9 "t = ! def5ce4 #ag4 444 ,kt-,b#e #ah4 ,p-,b#d ,b-,q#b ,:ite 0 ?reat5+ #ai4 ,kt-,b#f1 #bj4 ,ktx,b1 #ba4 ,b-,kt#e1 #bb4 ,b-,b#f2 #ah4 444 ,q-,q#b is n suffici5t1 z #ai4 ,p-,b#e w\ld foll[4 ,nei!r c #ah4 444 ,b-,,qb#d be play$ because ( #ai4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,q-,b#a2 #bj4 ,b-,b#f4 ,pref]able to ! text move seems ,b-,,kb#a 7#ai4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,q-,b#a2 #bj4 ,b- ,b#f1 ,b-,kt#b71 z !n ! ,black pieces h m fre$om ( action4 #ai4 ,,qr-,k#a ,p-,,qb#d #bj4 ,p-,k#f ,a brilliant sacrifice to :i* no satisfactory reply c be f\nd4 ,= in/ance1 #bj4 444 ,px,kt2 #ba4 ,q-,kt#d1 ,kt-,k#f1 #bb4 ,rx,kt1 ,px,r2 #bc4 ,p-,b#e1 ,bx,p2 #bd4 ,px,b1 ,px,p1 #be4 ,bx,p1 etc42 or #bd4 444 ,r- ,,kb#a2 #be4 ,px,pch1 ,rx,p2 #bf4 ,q-,k#f1 ,q-,k#a2 #bg4 ,bx,p1 etc42 or #bc4 444 ,p- ,kt#d2 #bd4 ,px,pch1 ,kx,p2 #be4 ,q-,r#e;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #bf4 ,p-,b#f1 ,bx,p2 #bg4 ,bx,p1 etc42 or #ba4 444 ,b-,b#d2 #bb4 ,px,pch1 ,kx,p2 #bc4 ,bx,pch1 ,px,b2 #bd4 ,p-,b#e1 etc4 ,!re are _m v>iations1 all lead+ to a spe$y end4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,kt ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abc #bj4 444 ,b-,,kb#c #ba4 ,p-,kt#d ,p-,kt #bb4 ,p-,b#e ,p-,q#f #bc4 ,bx,p ,bx,k,p ,if ,px,k,p !n #bd4 ,px,kt,p1 ,kt-,k#d2 #be4 ,rx,kt1 ,bx,r2 #bf4 ,q-,r#e1 ,q-,b#c2 #bg4 ,rx,q1 ,bx,r2 #bh4 ,px,pch1 ,k-,r#a2 #bi4 ,q-,b#g1 etc42 or #bf4 444 ,bx,p2 #bg4 ,b- ,b#h1 etc4 #bd4 ,px,b ,q-,kt#c;* #be4 ,k-,r#a ,resigns ,,game ,no4 #ag ,:ite3 ,b]l94 ,black3 ,riga4 ,ruy ,lopez4 ,move #a-f z 9 ,game ,no4 #af4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abd #f4 444 ,px,p ,comp>e note to move ,no4 #f 9 ,game #ad4 #g4 ,r-,k#a ,p-,q#d #h4 ,ktx,p ,b-,q#c ,?is is ! key to ! v>iation4 ,black ?reat5s to obta9 a draw by p]petual *eck ?r\gh ,bx,pch1 foll[$ by ,q-,r#e;* & ,qx,pch4 ,?is is n good en\gh aga9/ a weak] oppon5t 9 a t\rnam5t1 & a /rong play] _c af=d to play ! ,riga def5ce4 ,b t is n a po9t aga9/ ! v>iation4 ,to prove x uns\nd1 ,:ite has to f9d a w94 #i4 ,ktx,kt ,bx,pch #aj4 ,k-,r#a6 ,aft] #aj4 ,k-,b#a ,black has a trem5d\s attack1 & drives x home be=e ,:ite c manage to br+ 8 extra piece into play4 ,a game ,m>oczy-,b]g] 7,vi5na1 #aijh7 is an illu/ration ( ?is4 ,x cont9u$ 9 ?is way3 #aj4 ,k-,b#a1 ,q-,r#e2 #aa4 ,b-,k#c1 ,ca/les2 #ab4 ,kt- ,q#d1 ,b-,kt#e2 #ac4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,q-,r#d4 ,n[ ,:ite has no satisfactory cont9uation4 #ad4 ,kt-,q#b ob/ructs ! ,que51 & x is difficult to br+ ! ,rooks into conc]t$ action4 #ad4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,,qr-,q#a2 #ae4 ,q-,q#c1 ,bx,kt2 #af4 ,px,b1 ,qx,p2 #ag4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #ah4 ,q-,b#c1 ,q-,r#f;*2 #ai4 ,k-,k#b1 ,q-,kt#e;*2 #bj4 ,k-,b#a1 ,r-,q#d2 #ba4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,r-,,kr#d2 #bb4 ,p-,b#c1 ,px,p2 ,resigns4 #aj4 444 ,q-,r#e ,x n[ looks z if ,:ite 7 lo/4 ,b a f9e sacrifice =ces ! ex*ange ( all ,black's attack+ pieces1 & saves ! situation4 #aa4 ,rx,ktch ,px,r #ab4 ,q-,q#h;* ,qx,q #ac4 ,ktx,qch ,kx,kt #ad4 ,kx,b 444 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abe ,aft] ! t]rible slaught]1 ! position is some:at cle>]4 ,black has a ,rook & two pawns = two m9or pieces1 a slight advantage = ! end-game1 b z yet !re is no ?\ght ( an end-game4 ,:ite1 9 possession ( two ,bi%ops1 ) an op5 ,que5's file on :i* ! ,black ,k+ /&s1 has good attack+ *ances1 & mo/ ma/]s w\ld ?9k ! position fav\rable = ,:ite4 #ad4 444 ,b-,k#c ,p-,,kb#d is a plausible move1 b is foll[$ by a pretty mate by #ae4 ,b-,kt#e4 ,! move 9 ! text ?reat5s to elim9ate ! ,,kb by ,p-,,qb#d1 ,p-,q,kt#d4 #ae4 ,b-,k#c ,p-,,kb#d #af4 ,kt-,b#c ,k-,k#b #ag4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,t>ras* recomm5ds #ag4 ,r-,q#a1 ?reat5+ ,kt-,q#e;*4 ,if ,p-,b#c1 ,:ite c\ld play #ah4 ,b-,kt#f1 !reby p]man5tly prev5t+ ,black f conte/+ ! ,que5's file1 & !n try to ex*ange ,black's ,b by ,kt-,k#b-,q#d4 ,) two ,bi%ops1 ,:ite w\ld !n h w9n+ *ances4 ,a subtle idea und]lies ,:ite's move ( ,p-,k,kt#d4 ,he wi%es to take advantage ( ! fact t ,black has ex*ang$ ! ,,kb by play+ ,p-,kt#e1 ?us hold+ all ! f\r pawns on ! ,k+'s side4 ,b ,black f9ds a surpris+ reply1 :i* seems to refute ,:ite's plan4 ,capablanca play$ aga9/ ,ed4 ,lask] 7,new ,york1 #aiae71 #ag4 ,p- ,k,kt#d1 ,p-,k,kt#c2 #ah4 ,k-,kt#c1 ,p-,,kr#d2 #ai4 ,px,b,p1 ,p-,r#e;*2 #bj4 ,k-,r#b1 ,px,p2 #ba4 ,kt-,k#b1 ,p-,kt#d2 #bb4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,bx,b2 #bc4 ,r,px,b1 ,,kr-,k,kt#a2 #bd4 ,r-,q#a1 ,,qr-,q#a2 #be4 ,rx,r1 ,kx,r2 #bf4 ,kt-,k#d1 w9n+ a pawn4 #ag4 444 ,p-,k,kt#c #ah4 ,p-,kt#e ,,qr-,k,kt#a66 ,black (f]s ! ex*ange 9 ord] to get rid ( ,:ite's ,,qb4 ,if ,:ite accepts ! sacrifice1 he loses 8 ,k,kt,p1 & ,black reta9s ?ree pass$ pawns = ! piece1 at lea/ an equival5t = ! end-game4 ,:ite %\ld decl9e ! d\btful gift & meet ! ?reat ( ,p-,r#c & ,p-,k,kt#d ) #ai4 ,r-,k,kt#a4 #ai4 ,b-,q#d ,p-,r#c #bj4 ,b-,b#f;* ,k-,b#b #ba4 ,bx,r ,rx,b #bb4 ,r-,q#a 9 ord] to play #bc4 ,b-,q#g 9 answ] to ,p-,b#d4 ,?is expla9s ,:ite's *eck at move #bj4 #bb4 444 ,px,pch #bc4 ,k-,kt#b ,k-,b#c6 ,if n[ #bd4 ,kt-,q#e;*1 ,black w\ld assail ! ,:ite ,k+ ) ,k-,k#d2 #be4 ,ktx,p1 ,b-,b#e-,k#g-;,b#f4 ,! ,black phalanx ( pawns becomes m5ac+4 #bd4 ,b-,kt#c ,bx,b #be4 ,r,px,b ,k-,k#c #bf4 ,p-,kt#d ,r-,r#b ,black ne$ no long] fe> to ex*ange ,rooks1 = he w\ld !n ?reat5 ! ,que5's side pawns ) 8 ,k+ :il/ ! pass$ pawns kept ! ,:ite =ces occupi$4 #bg4 ,kt-,k#b ,r-,q#b #bh4 ,kt-,q#d;* ,k-,b#c #bi4 ,p-,,qb#c ,p-,b#c ,! aim ( ?is move is n cle>4 ,black %\ld adopt a =w>d policy ) ,p-,kt#e1 ,p-,b#e1 ,r-,r#b1 etc4 #cj4 ,r-,,kr#a ,p-,kt#e #ca4 ,r-,r#h ,n[ none ( ! pawns c advance3 ,p-,b#e w\ld be answ]$ by #cb4 ,r-,k#h1 ,r-,k#b2 #cc4 ,rx,r1 ,kx,r2 #cd4 ,kt-,kt#c & "o ( ! pawns is lo/4 #ca4 444 ,r-,k#b #cb4 ,kt-,k#b ,r-,q#b #cc4 ,kt-,q#d ,r-,k#b #cd4 ,r-,b#h;* ,k-,kt#b #ce4 ,r-,q#h ,p-,b#e #cf4 ,r-,q#f ,k-,b#b #cg4 ,kt-,b#b ,r-,k#c #ch4 ,r-,q#g;* ,r-,k#b #ci4 ,r-,q#f ,r-,k#c #dj4 ,r-,q#a ,:ite tries to w9 at all co/s--& loses4 ,by a =cible advance on ! ,que5's side1 he creates new *ances1 b also new weaknesses4 #dj4 444 ,k-,b#c #da4 ,p-,b#d ,r-,k#b #db4 ,r-,q#d ,k-,kt#d #dc4 ,r-,q#f ,p-,k#f6 #dd4 ,p-,b#c ,px,p fails on acc\nt ( ,p-,b#f;* & ,r-,r#b4 #dd4 444 ,p-,k#g #de4 ,kt-,k#a ,p-,kt#f #df4 ,p-,kt#e ,too late4 #df4 444 ,r-,r#b #dg4 ,px,b,p ,px,p #dh4 ,r-,k#f ,r-,r#g;* #di4 ,k-,kt#a ,r-,b#g #ej4 ,kt-,b#b ,rx,p #ea4 ,rx,k,p ,r-,q#f #eb4 ,kt-,k#a ,r-,kt#f #ec4 ,r-,q#b ,p-,b#f #ed4 ,kt-,q#c ,p-,r#d ,resigns ,! ,,rp _c be prev5t$ f pu%+ on to ,r#f1 aft] :i* a mate is ?reat5$ by ! ,blac,k,ron ! eigh? rank4 ,r-,q#a w\ld !n be compulsory4 ,b t lets ! ,black ,rook 9 on ! sev5? 7,,kr-,r#g1 foll[$ by ,p-,b#g;*74 ,,game ,no4 #ah4 ,emanuel ,lask]4 ,capablanca4 ,ruy ,lopez 7see p4 #cg7 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,,qr#c #d4 ,bx,kt,q ,px,b #e4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p ,wor?y ( consid]ation is3 #e4 444 ,b-,k,kt#e2 #f,px,p1 ,qx,qch2 #g4 ,kx,q1 ,ca/les *2 #h4 ,k-,k#b1 ,r-,k#a2 #i4 ,p-,,kr#c1 ,bx,ktch2 #aj4 ,kx,b1 ,p-,b#c2 ) a good game4 ,9 ?is op5+ ,black is ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ ! initiative1 z ! ex*ange1 :i* has op5$ a diagonal = 8 ,,qb1 has fur!r$ 8 developm5t4 ,if he does n d s1 & conf9es himself to def5d+ tamely1 ! *ances are t he w lose on acc\nt ( ,:ite's majority ( pawns on ! ,k+'s side4 #f4 ,qx,p ,qx,q ,compulsory4 ,if ,b-,k#c in/ead1 #g4 ,b-,b#d attacks ,,qb#g4 ,b-,q#c 9 reply to t w\ld be inf]ior4 ,by ex*ang+ ,bi%ops ,:ite w\ld r5d] ! ,black ,,qp 8backw>d10 & on ! op5 file its capture w\ld be inevitable4 #g4 ,ktx,q ,b-,q#c #h4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,k#b ,black prep>es to ca/le on ! ,k+'s side4 ,x is m usual1 & probably /rong]1 to ca/le on ! ,que5's side1 z ! ,k+ !n protects ! ,,qbp1 :i* 9 ! pres5t case w\ld be weak if ,black's ,,kb 7 to be ex*ang$4 #i4 ,ca/les ,ca/les4 #aj4 ,p-,b#d ,r-,k#a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abf ,black all[s 8 oppon5t too mu* latitude on ! ,k+'s w+4 ,he %\ld prev5t ,:ite's ,p-,b#e1 :i* ob/ructs 8 ,,qb1 by ,p-,,kb#d4 ,aft] ,p-,k#e ! game w\ld be equalis$ by ,b-,b#d1 ,bx,kt1 & ,b-,k#c4 ,a draw w\ld !n be practically c]ta91 ) ! ,bi%ops ( opposite col\rs4 ,black probably ?\ght ,:ite w\ld n risk weak5+ 8 ,,kp by ,p-,b#e4 ,b ) unfail+ judgm5t ,lask] =esees t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great] mobility ( 8 pieces1 8 attack w be successful be=e a c\nt] attack on ! weak ,,kp c be in/itut$4 #aa4 ,kt-,kt#c ,p-,b#c ,ev5 n[ ,p-,,kb#d 0 imp]ative1 ?\gh x w\ld keep ! ,bi%op f t squ>e4 ,! cont9uation c\ld h be5 #ab4 ,p-,k#e1 ,b- ,kt#e2 #ac4 ,kt-,k#b 7or ,r#d71 ,kt-,q#d1 & ! ,bi%op is safe4 #ab4 ,p-,b#e66 ,?is move has a tw(old aim4 ,x %uts 9 ! ,bi%op1 & all[s ,b-,b#d1 ex*ang+ ! ,black ,,qb4 #ab4 444 ,p-,q,kt#c ,! diagonal ,,qr#a-,,kr#h is ! only "o 9 :i* ! ,bi%op has any prospects ( action4 ,h[ev]1 z soon z he rel9qui%es 8 pres5t diagonal1 a ,:ite ,knight settles at ,k#f & ! ,black ,rooks are v mu* hamp]$4 #ac4 ,b-,b#d ,b-,kt#b ,black %\ld h ex*ang$ ! ,bi%ops4 ,n[ he gets a weak pawn at ,q#c4 ,be=e play+ ,b-,kt#b1 ,p-,b#d %\ld be play$ to prev5t ! ,knight gett+ f ,kt#c-,q#d-,k#f4 #ad4 ,bx,b ,px,b #ae4 ,kt-,q#d ,,qr-,q#a #af4 ,kt-,k#f ,r-,q#b #ag4 ,,qr-,q#a ,kt-,b#a #ah4 ,r-,b#b ,p-,q,kt#d #ai4 ,,kr-,q#b ,?is holds ,black's ,kt at ,b#a4 ,:ite's next move prev5ts ! ,bi%op gett+ into action by ,p-,b#d4 ,aft] depriv+ all ! ,black pieces ( _! mobility1 ,:ite turns 8 att5tion to a det]m9$ assault on ! ,black ,k+4 #ai4 444 ,,qr-,k#b #bj4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,k-,b#b #ba4 ,p-,,qr#c ,b-,r#a #bb4 ,k-,b#b ,r-,r#b #bc4 ,p-,kt#d ,p-,r#c #bd4 ,r-,q#c ,p-,,qr#d #be4 ,p-,,kr#d ,px,p #bf4 ,px,p ,r7,r#b7-,k#b ,!re are no prospects on ! ,rook's file1 & ,black is re/rict$ to keep+ 8 pieces mutually protect$4 ,he _c prev5t ,:ite f p5etrat+ ! ,k+'s side4 #bg4 ,k-,b#c ,r-,kt#a #bh4 ,k-,b#d ,p-,kt#c #bi4 ,r-,kt#c ,p-,kt#d;* #cj4 ,k-,b#c ,if ,black captures ! pawn1 he w\ld lose x aga9 =?) ?r\gh ,:ite's ,r-,r#c1 & ! pawn at ,r#c w\ld also be captur$4 #cj4 444 ,kt-,kt#c #ca4 ,px,p ,r,px,p #cb4 ,r-,r#c ,r-,q#b #cc4 ,k-,kt#c --------------------------------------- #h ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #b ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abg ,! ,:ite ,k+ leaves ! diagonal because ,black's ,p-,b#d w\ld int]f]e ) ! comb9ation by :i* ,:ite int5ds to annihilate ,black's game 9 a few moves4 #cc4 444 ,k-,k#a #cd4 ,,qr-,,kr#a ,b-,kt#b #ce4 ,p-,k#e66 ,a beautiful f9al /roke4 #ce4 444 ,q,px,p #cf4 ,kt-,k#d66 ,kt-,q#d #cg4 ,kt7,k#f7-;,b#e ,b-,b#a ,black d>es n move ! ,rook on acc\nt ( ,ktx,b & ,kt-,q#f;*4 #ch4 ,ktx,r ,bx,kt #ci4 ,r-,r#g;* ,r-,b#a #dj4 ,r-,r#a ,k-,q#a #da4 ,r-,r#h;* ,b-,b#a #db4 ,kt-,b#e ,resigns ,mate 9 two is ?reat5$4 ,black's only move is ,kt-,k#b1 aft] :i* he is helpless1 & ,:ite c capture ! pawns "o by "o at 8 leisure 7,r-,b#g1 etc474 ,9 ?is game1 s beautifully eng9e]$ by ,:ite1 we h a fur!r example ( ,lask]'s rem>kable grasp ( position4 ,,game ,no4 #ai ,:ite3 ,edu>d ,lask]4 ,black3 ,jan[ski4 ,f\r ,knights' ,game4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b2 #e ,ca/les1 ,p-,q#c2 w\ld lead into ! ,ruy ,lopez4 #e4 ,ca/les ,ca/les #f4 ,p-,q#c ,p-,q #c ,x is1 ( c\rse1 bett] to ca/le be=e play+ ,p-,q#c1 z ! oppon5t c\ld at once play ,kt-,q#e & utilise ! p9 to initiate an imm$iate attack1 e4g4 #e4 ,ca/les1 ,p-,q#c2 #f4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,b-,b#d2 #g4 ,p- ,q#d1 ,px,p2 #h4 ,b-,kt#e4 #g4 ,b-,kt#e --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abh4 ,! position is n unlike t 9 ,diagram #ij1 & ! same rem>ks apply to x4 ,"h ,b-,k#c is inadvisable1 because ,p-,q#d1 ?reat5+ to =k two pieces1 =ces ! ex*ange ( ,black's c5tre pawn4 ,aft] #g4 444 ,b-,kt#e2 #h4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,kt-,q#e2 #i4 ,b-,b#d1 ,b-,b#d1 on ! o!r h&1 we get ! position discuss$ on p4 #aae1 9 :i* ,:ite obta9s ! advantage by ,q-,q#b4 ,in/ead ( #i4 444 ,b- ,b#d1 ,black %\ld play ,q-,q#b ) a simil> ?reat4 ,b he has n ! coop]ation ( 8 ,k+'s ,bi%op = ! attack1 & ,:ite j manages to escape ) a draw1 e4g4 #i4 444 ,q-,q#b2 #aj4 ,ktx,ktch1 ,px,kt2 #aa4 ,bx,p1 ,p-,,kr#c7;,bx,kt2 #ab4 ,px,b1 ,q-,r#f fails on acc\nt ( ,k-,r#a & ,r-,k,kt#a72 #ab4 ,p-,b#c1 ,ktx,ktch2 #ac4 ,px,kt1 ,b-,,kr#d2 #ad4 ,k-,r#a1 ,k-,r#b 7,diagram #abi72 #ae4 ,r-,k,kt#a4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,q ,p ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #abi4 ,?is is ! sav+ clause4 ,if n[ ,black _h 8 ,b at ,b#d1 z ,:ite has 9 ! correspond+ attack1 ,:ite w\ld fir/ h to protect 8 ,,bp ) #ae ,q-,k#b1 & w\ld be lo/ aft] ,r-,k,kt#a2 #af4 ,r-,k,kt#a1 ,r-,kt#c2 z #ag4 ,b-,r#d fails because ( ,q-,r#f2 #ah4 ,b-,k,kt#c1 ,r- ,b#c2 & on ! o!r h&1 aft] #ag4 ,rx,r1 ,px,r ,black plays ,r-,,kb#a1 attack+ ! ,,bp a second "t4 ,) ! ,black ,bi%op at ,kt#e1 h[ev]1 ,black does n succe$4 ,! cont9uation c\ld be l#e4 444 ,r-,k,kt#a2 #af4 ,r-,kt#c1 ,r-,kt#c2 #ag4 ,b-,r#d1 ) a probable draw4 ,?is l9e ( play is mo/ difficult = bo? sides1 & x has be5 avoid$ s f> 9 t\rnam5ts4 ,9 ,diagram #abh ! fav\rite cont9uation = _m ye>s 03 #g4 444 ,bx,kt2 #h4 ,px,b1 ,kt-,k#b4 ,! op5+ ( ! ,k,kt file by #i4 ,bx,k,kt is n to be fe>$1 because ( ! reasons giv5 :5 discuss+ ,diagram #ij4 ,b ,:ite obta9s ! advantage ) #i4 ,kt-,r#d1 prep>+ ! op5+ ( ! ,,kb file by ,p-,b#d & ,px,p4 #i4 444 ,kt- ,kt#c1 9 ord] to retake ) ! ,,bp aft] #aj4 ,ktx,kt & to op5 ! file = ,black's ,rooks1 is n a suffici5t reply1 because aft] #aa4 ,p-,b#d & ,px,p ,:ite has a cle> advantage1 hav+ an extra pawn 9 effect = ! end-game4 ,= ! ?ree ,black pawns on ! ,k+'s side are held by ! two adv]se pawns1 :i* !y _c pass4 ,! attempt to expel ! tr\blesome ,bi%op aft] #i4 444 ,kt-,k#a by ,p-,,kb#c1 & !n play = a c5tre by ,p-,b#c1 ,kt-,b#b & ,p-,q#d fails on acc\nt ( ! )]+ attack :i* ,:ite obta9s on ! ,,kb file1 e4g4 #i4 444 ,kt-,k#a2 #aj4 ,b-,,qb#d1 ,k-,r#a2 #aa4 ,p-,b#d1 ,p-,,kb#c2 #ab4 ,q- ,r#e1 ,px,b2 #ac4 ,px,p1 etc4 ,9 consequ5ce ! def5ce by #g4 444 ,bx,kt & ,kt-,k#b has be5 ab&on$4 ,9 ! pres5t game ,black rev]ts to a v old def5ce1 compris+ ! moves3 ,bx,kt1 ,q-,k#b1 ,kt-,q#a-,k#c4 ,x _h be5 ab&on$ because ,:ite1 by play+ ,r-,k#a1 ,p-,q#d1 & ev5tually ,b-,b#a & ,b- ,r#c1 =ces ! ex*ange ( ,black's c5tre pawn1 & obta9s an advantage1 on well-kn[n gr\nds4 ,"h ,black /r5g!ns ! def5ce by int]polat+ ,p-,,kr#c61 aft] :i* ,:ite mu/ come to a decision z to ma9ta9+ ! p94 ,if he decides to d s ! ,:ite ,bi%op w no long] be able to ?reat5 ! ,black ,que5 f ,,qr#c4 #g4 444 ,bx,kt #h4 ,px,b ,p-,,kr#c #i4 ,b-,,kr#d ,if ! ,b retreats to ,b#a or ,k#c1 ,black c adopt ! def5ce ,kt-,k#b- ,kt#c4 ,!n ,kt-,r#d w\ld be inf]ior1 because ,black c simply play ,p-,k,kt#d4 ,9 ?is case ! advance ( ! pawns is ju/ifi$1 because ,black c br+ 8 ,q,kt to ,k,kt#c & h practically "o piece m on ! ,k+'s side1 & good prospects = ! attack :i* he c op5 ) ,k-,r#b1 ,r-,k,kt#a1 ,kt-,kt#c-;,b#e4 #i4 444 ,q-,k#b ,p-,k,kt#d w\ld be premature4 ,:ite w\ld w9 at once by #aj4 ,ktx,kt,p1 ,px,kt2 #aa4 ,bx,p1 z he c attack ! ,knight a second "t by ,p-,,kb#d & ,px,p be=e ,black c ei!r protect x suffici5tly or relieve ! 8p940 #aj4 ,q-,q#b ,kt-,q#a #aa4 ,p-,q#d ,b-,kt#e #ab4 ,q-,k#c ,bx,kt #ac4 ,qx,b ,kt-,k#c ,x w\ld be wrong to play = ! ga9 ( a pawn ) ,p-,k,kt#d & ,px,p1 e4g4 #ac4 444 ,p-,k,kt#d2 #ad4 ,b-,kt#c1 ,px,p2 #ae4 ,r-,k#a61 ,px,p2 #af4 ,p- ,k#e1 etc4 #ad4 ,bx,kt ,black's ?reat 0 to develop an attack1 simil> to t describ$ at move #i1 ) ,p-,k,kt#d & ,kt-,b#e4 #ad4 444 ,qx,b #ae4 ,qx,q ,px,q #af4 ,b-,b#d 9 ord] to ex*ange ! ,knight1 :i* is g5]ally sup]ior to a ,bi%op 9 an end-game1 z m5tion$ be=e4 #af4 444 ,px,p #ag4 ,bx,kt ,px,b #ah4 ,px,p --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #acj ,9 ! end-game ?us br\ght ab\t ! ,:ite ,rooks h m fre$om1 z !y c be mobilis$ easily on ! ?ird rank to act on ei!r w+4 ,black's pawns1 h[ev]1 are /rong]1 be+ easily protect$ by ! ,k+1 :il/ ,:ite's weak pawns at ,,qr#b & ,,qb#b are at too great a di/ance f ! ,k+2 !re=e ,:ite mu/ see to x t ,black does n op5 files = 8 ,rooks on ! ,que5's side4 #ah4 444 ,,qr-,b#a #ai4 ,,qr-,kt#a ,p-,kt#c #bj4 ,,kr-,q#a ,,kr-,q#a #ba4 ,r-,kt#c ,:ite mu/ n[ all[ ,black to occupy ! ,,qb or ,q file4 ,aft] #ba4 ,p-,q#e ,black w\ld simply play ,px,p2 #bb4 ,px,p1 ,p-,b#c1 ) a c]ta9 draw4 #ba4 444 ,p-,q#d #bb4 ,r-,kt#c;* ,p-,,kb#c 0 ! correct move "h1 9 view ( subsequ5t ?reats ( mate4 #bb4 444 ,k-,b#b #bc4 ,px,p ,rx,p #bd4 ,r-,,qr#c ,p-,,qr#d #be4 ,p-,,kb#d8 ,a mi/ake "u "t pressure1 co/+ a pawn4 ,,qr-,q#c 0 ! move4 #be4 444 ,p-,,qb#d #bf4 ,r-,,qb#c ,,qr-,q#a #bg4 ,r-,kt#a ,rx,p #bh4 ,rx,kt,p ,rx,p #bi4 ,p-,,kr#c ,r-,q#g #cj4 ,r-,kt#e ,n ,rx,p1 on acc\nt ( ,r-,b#g1 & ! ,k,kt,p _c be sav$4 #cj4 444 ,r-7,b#e7;,b#g #ca4 ,r-,k,kt#c ,p-,b#d #cb4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,b#e #cc4 ,r-,k,kt#d ,p-,r#d #cd4 ,r-,kt#e ,rx,p #ce4 ,p-,r#d ,mate 0 ?reat5$ 9 a few moves ?r\gh ,r-,,qb#g-;,b#h & ,r7,r#g7-,r#h4 #ce4 444 ,r-7,b#g7,kt#g ,if n[ ,r-,b#g1 ,:ite w\ld w9 ! ,,kbp or obta9 a p]petual *eck 7#cf4 ,r-,q,kt#g;*1 foll[$ by ,r-,q,kt#h-,,kb#h74 ,aft] ! move 9 ! text1 ,:ite c /ill draw1 z he w9s back 8 pawn4 #cf4 ,rx,r ,rx,r #cg4 ,rx,r,p8 ,?is c>eless move n[ loses ! game4 ,( c\rse ,:ite %\ld h tak5 ! ,,bp4 ,if !n ,p-,r#e1 ,r-,r#e held ! pawn f beh9d1 also aft] #cg4 444 ,k-,b#c2 #ch4 ,rx,q,r,p1 ,p-,k#d1 a draw w\ld h be5 ! result1 z ! ,:ite ,,bp w\ld soon h become ?reat5+1 e4g4 #ci4 ,r-,r#h1 ,k-,b#d2 #dj4 ,p-,b#e1 ,p-,k#e2 #da4 ,p-,b#f1 ,r-,,qb#g2 #db4 ,r-,,qb#h1 ,k-,kt#e2 #dc4 ,p-,b#g1 ,kx,p2 #dd4 ,k-,r#b1 ,p-,k#f2 #de4 ,r-,b#h1 ,rx,p2 #df4 ,rx,pch1 ,k-,kt#d2 #dg4 ,r-,k#d1 ,r-,b#f2 #dh4 ,k-,kt#c1 etc42 or #dd4 ,r-,k#h1 ,rx,p2 #de4 ,rx,p1 ,k-,kt#f2 #df4 ,r-,k#a1 ,r-,b#g2 #dg4 ,k-,r#a1 ,rx,p2 #dh4 ,r-,k#c;*1 & s on4 #cg4 444 ,p-,r#e #ch4 ,rx,p ,p-,r#f ,resigns4 ,aft] ,r-,r#e !re foll[s ,p-,r#g & ,r-,kt#h;*1 or 7if #dj4 ,k-,r #b7 ,p- ,b#f4 ,,game ,no4 #bj ,:ite3 ,edu>d ,lask]4 ,black3 ,englund4 ,f\r ,knights' ,game4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,kt-,q#e #e4 ,ktx,p ,black c n[ get ,:ite's ,,kp by play+ ,q-,k#b1 & moreov] ex*ange ,:ite's valuable ,bi%op4 ,in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text x is advisable to retire ! ,bi%op to ,r#d or ,b#d1 or else to play #e4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #f4 ,p-,k#e1 ,px,kt2 #g4 ,px,kt4 ,black w\ld !n play ,qx,p & n ,px,q,pch1 z ! latt] move all[s ,:ite to develop quickly1 & ,black has no "t to ca/le--e4g4 #h4 ,bx,p1 ,qx,p2 #i4 ,ca/les1 ,b-,k#b2 #aj4 ,b-,b#c1 foll[$ by ,r-,k#a4 #e4 444 ,q-,k#b #f4 ,kt-,b#c ,ktx,p8 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f --------------------------------------- #e ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aca4 ,"h ,ktx,b 0 ess5tial1 foll[$ by ,qx,p1 free+ ! ,bi%op4 ,aft] #g4 ,ktx,kt1 ,qx,pch2 #h4 ,q-,k#b1 ,qx,qch2 #i4 ,kx,q1 ,kt-,q#d 7#aj4 ,p-,b#d1 ,p-,,qr#c71 ,black completes 8 developm5t a little lat] 7#aj4 ,r-,k#a1 ,p-,,kb#c2 #aa4 ,k-,b#a;*1 ,k-,b#b71 b aft] ! ex*ange ( ,que5s !re is n mu* to fe> f an imm$iate attack1 & ! value ( ! two ,bi%ops soon ass]ts itself4 ,9 a mat* game ,ed4 ,lask]- ,cole 7,london1 #aiac7 ! cont9uation 0 #ab4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,,qr#c2 #ac4 ,kt- ,b#c1 ,ktx,kt2 #ad4 ,px,kt1 ,p-,q#d4 ,"h ! d\bl$ pawn is a disadvantage1 9 t ! pawn at ,b#b is immobile1 & con/antly liable to be attack$ by ,b-,b#d4 ,p-,q#c 0 ! bett] move4 #g4 ,ca/les ,ktx,kt ,n[ ,ktx,b 0 no long] possible4 ,aft] ,ktx,q,kt !re w\ld be ?reats ( ,ktx,b,p z well z ( ,r-,k#a & ,p-,q#c4 ,! game is almo/ lo/ = ,black at ?is /age1 z ! ,k+ _c escape ! imp5d+ attack on ! ,k file by ca/l+4 #h4 ,q,px,kt ,ktx,ktch #i4 ,qx,kt ,q-,b#d #aj4 ,r-,k#a;* ,b-,k#b #aa4 ,b-,q#c prev5ts ca/l+1 z ,q-,k#d w\ld w9 a piece4 #aa4 444 ,p-,q#d #ab4 ,b-,k#c ,:ite has ! developm5t ( ! ,b gratis1 z ,black mu/ lose "t ) ! ,que54 #ab4 444 ,q-,q#c #ac4 ,b-,,kb#d ,q-,,kb#c #ad4 ,qx,p66 ,black be+ beh9d ) 8 developm5t is already ?reat5$ by sacrificial comb9ations4 ,if he takes ! ,bi%op he loses by #ae4 ,b-,kt#e;*1 ,k-,b#a2 #af4 ,q-,q#h;*61 ,bx,q2 #ag4 ,r-,k#h mate1 or l#e4 444 ,p-,b#c2 #af4 ,bx,pch1 & s on4 #ad4 444 ,p-,b#c #ae4 ,q-,k#d ,b-,k#c #af4 ,r-,k#c ,b-,,qb#d ,"h ,black might h ca/l$ on ! ,que5's side1 b ,r-,q#a w\ld h _h mu* ! same sequel z 9 ! actual game4 #ag4 ,b-,k#e ,q-,r#c #ah4 ,r-,kt#c ,b-,,kb#a ,a sorry retreat4 ,b aft] ,q-,q#g1 :i* may h be5 ,black's orig9al int5tion1 ,:ite plays ,r-,,kb#a1 ?reat5+ ,b-,,kb#d4 #ai4 ,r-,q#a ,?is move completes ,:ite's developm5t1 & only seems to give ,black a *ance ( ca/l+4 ,h[ev]1 ,black has no satisfactory cont9uation4 #ai4 444 ,ca/les8 #bj4 ,qx,pch ,px,q #ba4 ,b-,r#f ,mate ,,game ,no4 #ba ,:ite3 ,edu>d ,lask]4 ,black3 ,alje*94 ,?ree ,knights' ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,kt-,b#c ,b-,kt#e #d4 ,kt-,q#e ,develop+ ano!r piece by ,b-,kt#e or ,b#d w\ld be m 9 accordance ) pr9ciple4 #d4 444 ,b-,k#b ,!re 0 a ?reat ( ,ktx,b & ,ktx,p4 ,if ,black plays ,p-,q#c1 ! ,b mu/ retire all ! same aft] #e4 ,b-,kt#e4 ,x seems be/ to retire ! ,b to ,k#b r ?an to ,b#d or ,r#d1 because !re rema9s ! ?reat ( a p9 subsequ5tly by ,b-,k,kt#e1 :i* might become s]i\s ) ! ,knight at ,q#e4 #e4 ,b-,b#d ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,p-,q#c ,p-,q#c #g4 ,ktx,b ,qx,kt #h4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,,kr#c ,! ,k,kt is to support ! advance ( ,p-,q#d subsequ5tly1 & t is :y ,black does n want to all[ x to be p9n$4 ,?is is s\nd /rategy1 s9ce ,:ite has ex*ang$ 8 ,q,kt1 :i* f ,b#c prev5ts ,p-,q#d 9 ! ord9>y way4 #i4 ,b-,k#c ,ca/les #aj4 ,q-,q#b ,b-,k#c #aa4 ,b-,kt#c ,! fir/ mi/ake4 ,b-,q,kt#e %\ld be play$ to ret>d ,p-,q#d4 #aa4 444 ,bx,b #ab4 ,px,b ,p-,q#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,p ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #acb #ac4 ,px,p ,! second mi/ake4 ,unimportant z x seems1 x leads to ! loss ( ! game4 ,:ite did n def5d ! pawn by ,q-,b#b1 because x w\ld h prov$ #aj4 ,q-,q#b to h be5 a lo/ move4 ,b giv+ up ! c5tre is a f> great] evil4 ,black n[ comm&s 8 ,q#e & ,,kb#e1 & ?is enables him to />t an attack to :i* !re is no def5ce4 ,! game %[s conclusively h[ important x is to ma9ta9 ! c5tre4 #ac4 444 ,ktx,p #ad4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,p-,b#d #ae4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,p-,q,kt#c #af4 ,q-,k#b to prev5t ,p-,k#e1 :i* w\ld n[ be c\nt]$ by ,px,p & ,q-,b#d4 ,h[ev]1 z ,p-,k#e _c be prev5t$ p]man5tly1 & ! ,q mu/ move 9 any case1 ,q-,b#b w\ld h be5 ! bett] move1 z !re ! ,que5 _c be mole/$ by a ,rook4 #af4 444 ,q-,q#c #ag4 ,p-,kt#e ,q,kt-,k#b #ah4 ,b-,q#b ,kt-,kt#c #ai4 ,r-,r#d ,,qr-,k#a6 ,black's game is beautifully develop$1 :il/ ,:ite _c make a comb9$ ef=t4 ,! ,black ,rooks are p>ticul>ly well plac$1 & ?reat5 to take an effective "p 9 ! attack 9 v>i\s ways4 ,all ?is is ! outcome ( ,:ite los+ ! c5tre4 #bj4 ,p-,k,kt#c ,?\gh ?is prev5ts ,kt7,q #d7-;,b#e1 x weak5s ,,kb#c1 :i* is all ! m s]i\s z ,black ?reat5s to op5 ! file by ,p-,b#e4 #bj4 444 ,q-,q#b ,if n[ ,:ite refra9s f tak+ ! pawn1 ,black plays ,p-,,qr#d6 #ba4 ,rx,p ,p-,k#e #bb4 ,kt-,q#d ,px,p #bc4 ,qx,p ,kt-,k#d #bd4 ,q-,k#b ,p-,b#e ,all ! av5ues ( attack are n[ op51 & ,:ite's game collapses quickly4 #be4 ,q-,r#e ,kt-,,kb #c #bf4 ,q-,b#e ,kt-,b#f;* #bg4 ,k-,r#a ,qx,q #bh4 ,ktx,q ,ktx,b #bi4 ,r-,q#a ,kt7,b#c7-,k#e #cj4 ,ktx,p ,ktx,b,pch #ca4 ,k-,kt#b ,p-,b#f;* ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #bb ,:ite3 ,=gacz4 ,black3 ,t>tak[]4 ,fr5* ,def5ce 7see p4 #dh74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #e4 ,p-,k#e ,kt-,k#e ,k,kt-,q#b is bett]1 because x w\ld support ! advance ( ,p-,,qb#d & also be ( use ev5tually 9 an attack on ,:ite's c5tre by ,p-,,kb#c4 ,! text move all[s ! ex*ange ( two m9or pieces1 :i* c only be to ,:ite's advantage1 z ,black _c get 8 ,,qb into play1 & is = a long "t practically a piece d[n4 #f4 ,ktx,kt ,bx,b ,aft] ,px,kt ! pawn w\ld be v weak1 & c\ld h>dly be held = long4 #g4 ,ktx,b ,qx,kt #h4 ,p-,k,kt#c ,to be able to play ,p-,,kb#d be=e develop+ ! ,kt 7see p4 #di74 #h4 444 ,p-,,qb#d #i4 ,p-,,qb#c ,kt-,b#c #aj4 ,p-,,kb#d ,q-,k#b #aa4 ,q-,q#b ,b-,q#b #ab4 ,kt-,b#c ,ca/les ,,kr #ac4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,b#e #ad4 ,b-,b#b ,p-,q,kt#d #ae4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,p-,kt#b #af4 ,q ,r-,k#a ,p-,,qr#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,q --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,b ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #acc ,s f> ! game is easy to und]/& 9 ! light ( ! rem>ks made on page #dd1 :5 treat+ ( ! op5+s4 ,! cont9uation %[s 9 an in/ructive fa%ion t ,:ite's attack is ! m effective1 be+ direct$ aga9/ ! ,k+'s side4 #ag4 ,p-,b#e6 ,k,px,p ,?is sacrifice ( a pawn 9 conjunction ) a second sacrifice on ! next move1 produces a comb9ation ( r>e beauty4 #ah4 ,p-,kt#d66 ,px,p ,if ,black did n capture ,:ite w\ld4 ,9 ei!r case ! /orm+ ( ! position by pawns a*ieves its object & ! l9es ( attack are free = ! pieces4 #ai4 ,kt-,kt#e ,p-,kt#c ,n[ t ,:ite has made an op5+ = himself at ,,kb#f1 ! re/ is easy4 #ai4 444 ,p-,r#c is ( no avail4 ,! sequel might h be53 #bj ,kt-,r #g1 ,,kr-,q#a2 #ba ,kt-,b#f;*1 aft] :i* ,:ite w9s aft] ei!r ,px,kt2 #bb ,qx,p1 or ,k-,r#a ,ktx,p4 #bj4 ,r-,b#f ,k-,kt#b ,black gets no brea?+ space4 ,if ,p-,r#c1 !n #ba ,bx,p4 #ba4 ,,qr-,,kb#a ,b-,k#a #bb4 ,q-,b#d ,kt-,q#a #bc4 ,p-,k#f ,r-,r#c #bd4 ,q-,k#e ,k-,r#c #be4 ,,qr-,b#e ,help6 #be4 444 ,b,px,p #bf4 ,kt-,b#g;* ,qx,kt #bg4 ,r-,r#e;* ,k-,kt#b #bh4 ,rx,kt,p mate ,,game ,no4 #bc ,:ite3 ,yates4 ,black3 ,ess]4 ,fr5* ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,px,p #e4 ,bx,kt ,px,b ,if ! ,que5 recaptures1 ,:ite obta9s too great an advantage 9 developm5t1 & !re=e ,black submits to ! d\bl+ ( 8 pawns4 ,x is d\btful if ?is means a h&icap1 al?\gh ! ,k+'s side gets brok5 up4 ,= ,black keeps 8 two ,bi%ops1 a p[]ful weapon1 unless ,:ite succe$s 9 develop+ swiftly an attack on ! ,k+'s side4 ,! pres5t game is in/ructive & %[s ! *ances af=d$ to bo? sides by ! position br\ght ab\t by ! ex*ange at ,,kb#f4 #f4 ,ktx,p ,p-,,kb#d ,z ! ,,kb obta9s a long diagonal at ,kt#b1 ?is advance is ju/ifi$4 ,o!rwise !re w\ld be /rong objections to x1 z ! pawn is likely to be subject$ to attack1 & ap>t f t1 x gives up comm& ( ,black's ,k#d4 #g4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,kt#c w\ld seem m natural1 fir/ly1 because ,black has weaknesses on ! ,k side1 & ,:ite w ne$ 8 pieces = attack 9 t qu>t]1 & secondly1 because ! ,,qp ought to be support$ by ,p-,b#c1 z ,black w attack x by ,b-,kt#b4 #g4 444 ,b-,kt#b #h4 ,kt-,b#c ,ca/les #i4 ,b-,b#d ,if n[ ! ,knight 7 at ,kt#c1 ,:ite c\ld play ,p-,b#c & ,,bq#c4 ,?is is ! prop] place = ! ,b1 :i* might obta9 an op5 diagonal aft] ,p-,k,kt#d4 #i4 444 ,kt-,b#c #aj4 ,kt-,k#b ,kt-,r#d #aa4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,b#d #ab4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,,qb#e ,p-,kt#c seems pref]able1 z ! text move releases ! hold on ,:ite's ,q#d4 ,! isolat$ pawn result+ aft] #ac4 ,px,p is n to be fe>$1 z ! ,b at ,kt#b w\ld h great] effici5cy 7,,qr- ,kt#a71 & ,:ite w\ld n be s firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! c5tre4 #ac4 ,b-,b#b ,p-,kt#d #ad4 ,q-,q#b ,!re n[ ensues an int]e/+ /ruggle4 ,:ite builds up an attack ) ,q & bo? ,knights & ev5tually ! ,b 7,p-,k,kt#d74 ,if ,black c manage to play 8 ,k+ into safety at ,r#a 9 "t1 & !n occupies ! ,kt file ) 8 ,rooks1 he w\ld h ! bett] ( x1 8 pieces hav+ by f> ! great] range ( action4 #ad4 444 ,b-,kt#b #ae4 ,q-,b#d ,q-,b#c ,k-,r#a & ,,kr-,kt#a might be consid]$4 #af4 ,kt-,kt#c ,b-,,kr#c #ag4 ,q-,b#g ,q-,q#a #ah4 ,q-,k#e ,:ite ga9s a move by attack+ ! ,knight's ,pawn4 ,x may seem f> fet*$ if ,i n[ po9t out t ?is c\ld n h happ5$ if f ! fir/ ,black _h giv5 pref]5ce to ! pawn =mation at ,q,kt#c & ,b#d in/ead ( ,kt#d & ,b#e1 ?\gh ! :ole game w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h tak5 a diff]5t c\rse4 ,/ill1 :5 advanc+ a pawn into an unprotect$ position !re always is ! risk ( its becom+ ! object ( an attack at an opportune mom5t1 & :5ev] ! plan ( developm5t does n necessitate su* moves !y are be/ avoid$4 #ah4 444 ,b-,q#d #ai4 ,kt-,r#e ,kt-,b#c8 #bj4 ,q-,kt#c;*88 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #acd ,! la/ moves h decid$ ! game4 ,bo? play]s h ov]look$ t #bj4 ,q-,b#f w\ld h won a pawn at lea/ 7,qx,q1 #ba4 ,ktx,qch ) ,ktx,b & ,bx,p74 #bj4 444 ,bx,kt leads to an imm$iate loss by #ba4 ,qx,b1 ,bx,kt2 #bb4 ,qx,b foll[$ by ,p-,k,kt#d6 ) an ov]:elm+ attack4 ,in/ead ( #ai4 444 ,kt-,b#c1 ,black %\ld h play$ ,p-,b#c1 foll[$ by ,k-,r#a & ! occupation ( ! ,kt file by ! ,rooks4 ,:ite's la/ move all[s him to de ?is ) ev5 great] effect4 #bj4 444 ,k-,r#a #ba4 ,q-,r#c ,r-,k,kt#a ,black has n[ a prepond]ance ( mat]ial on ! field ( battle1 & x c be conclud$ (f-h& t ,:ite1 n be+ able to br+ 8 ,rooks into play1 mu/ lose4 #bb4 ,kt-,kt#c ,q-,b#c #bc4 ,k-,b#a ,k-,k#b is a %ade bett]4 ,b !re is no long] any adequate def5ce4 #bc4 444 ,r-,kt#e #bd4 ,r-,k#a ,,qr-,k,kt#a #be4 ,kt-,k#e ,black 0 ?reat5+ ,bx,kt1 foll[$ by ,r-,r#e & ,p-,b#e #be4 444 ,ktx,kt #bf4 ,px,kt ,q-,kt#d #bg4 ,q-,r#e ,bx,pch #bh4 ,k-,kt#a ,rx,kt8 ,qx,q & ,b-,k#e;* 0 simple & effective4 #bi4 ,r,px,r ,bx,r #cj4 ,qx,q ,bx,q #ca4 ,kx,b ,r-,q#a #cb4 ,p-,b#d ,r-,q#a is mu* m promis+1 al?\gh x means ! loss ( a pawn 7,rx,r & ,b-,b#h1 etc474 ,) ,bi%ops ( diff]5t col\r ! game is n easy to w9 ev5 n[4 #cb4 444 ,r-,q#g #cc4 ,px,b ,rx,b #cd4 ,r-,q#a ,rx,kt,p #ce4 ,r-,q#g ,k-,kt#b #cf4 ,rx,r,p ,r-,,qb#g ,he c\ld h play$ ,p-,kt#e at once4 #cg4 ,r-,r#e ,r-,q,kt#g #ch4 ,p-,r#d ,r-,r#c w\ld only h drawn out ! agony a little long]4 #ch4 444 ,p-,kt#e ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #bd ,:ite3 ,atk9s4 ,black3 ,b>ry4 ,fr5* ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #e4 ,p-,k#e ,k,kt-,q#b #f4 ,bx,b ,qx,b --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ace4 #g4 ,kt-,kt#e ,! int5tion is to /r5g!n ! c5tre by ,p-,,qb#c4 ,?\gh x takes a numb] ( moves to br+ ! ,knight into play aga91 yet mo/ ( ! t\rnam5t games 9 ?is v>iation h be5 won by ,:ite1 mo/ly ?r\gh a ,k+'s side attack on ! l9es set out 9 ! notes to ,game ,no4 #bb4 ,inve/igations by ,alap9 t5d to %[ t ?is is due to ! fact t ,black 9 all cases devot$ 8 att5tion to ,que5's side op]ations 7j z 9 ,game ,no4 #bb7 :5 he c\ld h utilis$ ,:ite's backw>d developm5t1 by himself />t+ a c\nt] attack on ! ,k+'s side4 ,he c !n ei!r aim at ! ,:ite c5tre at once ) ,p-,,kb#c1 or else play ,p-,,kb#d & prep>e ! advance ( ! ,k,kt,p by ,kt-,b#c-,q#a-;,b#b4 ,^! v>i\s l9es ( play are /ill "u discussion4 ,simple developm5t is probably pref]able to ! move 9 ! text1 e4g4 #g4 ,b-,q#c1 ,ca/les2 #h4 ,p-,b#d1 ,p-,,qb#d2 #i4 ,kt-,b#c4 #g4 444 ,k-,q#a ,!re c be no advantage 9 =feit+ ! option ( ca/l+ unless !re be no o!r way ( gett+ ! ,k+ into safety & ( br++ ! ,rooks into conc]t$ action4 ,x is obvi\s t o!rwise ! free developm5t ( pieces is h9d]$1 & ! ,k+ is 9 appreciable dang]1 = x is easi] to op5 files 9 ! c5tre ?an on ! w+s :]e ! pawns h n advanc$ yet4 ,!re=e ,kt-,kt#c is ! only move wor? consid]+4 #h4 ,p-,,qb#c ,p-,,kb#c #i4 ,px,p ,) ! ,black ,k+ rema9+ 9 ! c5tre1 ,:ite has no fur!r int]e/ 9 ! ma9t5ance ( 8 pawn at ,k#e4 ,on ! contr>y he w try to cle> ! c5tre4 #i4 444 ,px,p #aj4 ,q-,q#b ,p-,b#c #aa4 ,kt-,,qr#c ,kt-,b#a ,at ?is e>ly /age x is cle> t ,black w h to cont5d ) difficulties 9 try+ to complete 8 developm5t4 ,! usual way 7,p-,,qb#d7 is b>r$ on acc\nt ( ! dang]s to ,black's ,k+ ) :i* a cle>ance 9 ! c5tre is fraught4 #ab4 ,kt-,b#c ,b-,q#b #ac4 ,p-,k,kt#c6 ,z ,black c =ce ?is advance at any "t by play+ ,r-,k,kt#a1 ,:ite decides to develop 8 ,,kb at ,kt#b1 !reby cov]+ 8 ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c4 ,! weakness ( ! latt] squ>es w\ld n be ( any great mom5t if ,:ite 7 to ca/le on ! ,que5's w+4 ,b z ,p-,,qb#d is necess>y 9 ord] to break up ! c5tre1 ca/l+ ,,kr is ! "r c\rse4 #ac4 444 ,b-,k#a #ad4 ,b-,kt#b ,q,kt-,q#b #ae4 ,p-,b#d ,px,p #af4 ,ktx,p ,kt-,q,kt#c #ag4 ,ktx,kt ,px,kt #ah4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,kt-,kt#c #ai4 ,,kr-,k#a ,b-,q#b #bj4 ,q-,b#c ,r-,k#a #ba4 ,kt-,q#b ,q-,b#a #bb4 ,p-,,qr#d6 ,:ite wi%es to get rid ( ! pawn at ,black's ,kt#c1 9 ord] to break 9 ) 8 ,knight at ,b#e4 ,black has no means ( prev5t+ ?is1 & soon succumbs to ! ov]:elm+ array ( ,:ite =ces4 #bb4 444 ,kt-,k#b #bc4 ,p-,r#e ,p-,q,kt#d #bd4 ,kt-,kt#c ,kt-,q#d #be4 ,bx,kt ,k,px,b #bf4 ,rx,rch ,bx,r #bg4 ,kt-,b#e ,q-,b#b #bh4 ,r-,k#a ,k-,b#b #bi4 ,q-,k#c ,b-,q#b #cj4 ,q-,b#d;* ,resigns4 ,if ,k-,q#a1 #ca4 ,ktx,pch foll[$ by ,kt-,q#f;*4 ,if ,k-,b#a ,:ite w9s by #ca4 ,q-,q#f & ,r-,k#g4 ,,game ,,no4 #be ,:ite3 ,emanuel ,lask]4 ,black3 ,t>ras*4 ,fr5* ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,kt#e --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #acf ,?is l9e ( def5ce1 call$ ! ,mc,cutcheon v>iation1 0 recomm5d$ = _m ye>s by ,t>ras* z be+ ! /ronge/4 ,! mo/ obvi\s cont9uation #e4 ,p-,k#e leads to complications1 & ! f9al v]dict has n yet be5 rea*$4 ,aft] #e4 444 ,p-,,kr#c1 ! be/ cont9uation is ?\ght to be3 #f4 ,px,kt1 ,px,b2 #g4 ,px,p1 ,r- ,kt#a2 #h4 ,p-,,kr#d1 ,px,p2 #i4 ,q-,r#e1 ,q-,b#c2 #aj4 ,qx,r,p1 ,qx,p4 ,:ite has an easy developm5t1 :il/ ,black1 z 9 mo/ v>iations 9 ! ,fr5* def5ce1 f9ds x difficult to br+ 8 ,,qb into play4 ,aft] ,p-,,kr#c1 x is n advisable to retire ! ,bi%op2 #f4 ,b-,r#d1 ,p-,k,kt#d2 #g4 ,b-,kt#c1 = "h ! ,bi%op is out ( play1 & ,black's ,k+'s ,knight be+ free c play to ,k#e = conc]t$ action ) ,black's ,,kb4 ,lask]'s cont9uation 9 ! pres5t in/ance is at once simple & effective4 ,x leads to an entirely diff]5t sy/em ( developm5t4 #e4 ,px,p ,qx,p ,if ,black recaptures ) ! pawn1 he mu/ lose a move ) ! ,bi%op 9 ord] to avoid gett+ an isolat$ d\bl$ pawn aft] #f4 ,q-,b#c4 ,! d\bl$ pawn :i* ,black may get aft] ! move 9 ! text w\ld n be isolat$1 & !re=e n necess>ily weak4 ,x c\ld become a weakness if ,black 7 to ca/le on ! ,k+'s side4 ,b o!rwise x might ev5 become a s\rce ( /r5g?1 support+1 z x w\ld1 an advance ( ,black's ,,kp aga9/ ! ,:ite c5tre4 #f4 ,kt-,b#c ,p-,b#d8 ,black %\ld reta9 ! option ( ca/l+ ,,qr1 9 case ,:ite ex*anges at 8 ,,kb#f2 ,p-,q,kt#c & ,b-,kt#b w\ld h be5 bett]4 #g4 ,bx,kt ,px,b #h4 ,q-,q#b ,bx,kt #i4 ,qx,b ,kt-,q#b #aj4 ,r-,q#a ,r-,k,kt#a #aa4 ,px,p ,qx,p #ab4 ,q-,q#b ,q-,kt#c gu>d+ aga9/ ! mate at ,q#a be=e mov+ ! ,kt4 ,b ?is w\ld h be5 bett] effect$ by ,q-,k#b4 ,aft] ,q-,kt#c ! ,knight _c move yet because ( ,b-,kt#e;*4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #acg #ac4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,,qr#c #ad4 ,q-,b#b ,p-,b#d #ae4 ,p-,k,kt#c ,kt-,b#d #af4 ,b-,kt#b ,q-,b#b ,black wi%es to pu% on ! ,,kp4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 prev5ts ?is at once4 #ag4 ,q-,k#b ,p-,kt#d #ah4 ,ca/les ,b-,kt#b ,! ,black position has any numb] ( weaknesses4 ,! ,k+ _c ca/le into safety2 ! pawn position is full ( holes1 & op5 to attack4 ,:ite takes full advantage ( ?is & w9s 9 ma/]ly fa%ion ) a few /rokes4 #ai4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,kt#e #bj4 ,q-,q#b ,r-,kt#a ,n[ ,:ite _c capture ! ,kt,p because ( ,bx,kt4 ,b he does n want ! pawn1 he wants ! ,k+4 #ba4 ,q-,r#f ,bx,kt #bb4 ,bx,b ,q-,k#d #bc4 ,,kr-,k#a ,qx,p #bd4 ,q-,b#d ,,qr-,b#a #be4 ,q-,q#f ,p-,b#c ,mate 9 two 0 ?reat5$ 7,b-,b#f;*1 etc474 #bf4 ,b-,r#e;* ,r-,kt#c #bg4 ,bx,rch ,px,b #bh4 ,rx,pch ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #bf ,:ite3 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,blanco ,fr5* ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p ,kt-,q#b #e4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,k,kt-,b#c #f4 ,ktx,ktch ,ktx,kt #g4 ,kt-,k#e ,?is crosses ,black's plan ( develop+ ! ,,qb at ,kt#b4 #g4 444 ,b-,q#c #h4 ,q-,b#c ,p-,b#c #i4 ,b-,kt#e;*1 ,p-,b#c2 #aj4 ,ktx,p 0 ?reat5$4 #i4 ,p-,b#c ,ca/les #aj4 ,b-,k,kt#e ,b-,k#b #aa4 ,b-,q#c ,:atev] ,black plays n[1 he mu/ create "s weakness 9 ord] to provide aga9/ ,:ite's ,q-,r#c1 ,bx,kt1 ,qx,r,p1 & ,:ite's attack mu/ succe$4 ,! :ole ( ,black's plan is ?us fru/rat$1 z ! only reason = ab&on+ ! c5tre by ,px,p 0 ! occupation ( ! long diagonal by ! ,,qb4 ,n[ ! ,que5's side pieces _c get into play )\t mu* difficulty1 & by ! "t !y h succe$$ x is too late4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ach4 #aa4 444 ,kt-,k#a ,int5d+ to int]cept ! diagonal ( ! ,:ite ,,kb by ,p-,,kb#d4 ,if ,black plays ,p-,k,kt#c ) ! same int5tion1 ,:ite plays ,p-,,kr#d-e & ,px,p1 & br+s ! ,rook into play4 #ab4 ,q-,r#c ,p-,,kb#d ,p-,,kr#c w\ld lead to an imm$iate disa/]3 #ac4 ,bx,p1 ,px,b2 #ad4 ,qx,r,p1 ,p-,,kb#d2 #ae4 ,p-,k,kt#d4 ,! move 9 ! text avoids ! imm$iate attack on ! ,k+1 b ! ,k+'s ,pawn is n[ 8backw>d10 & ,:ite imm$iately fa/5s on ?is weakness4 #ac4 ,bx,b ,qx,b #ad4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,r-,b#c #ae4 ,,kr-,k#a ,kt-,q#c #af4 ,r-,k#b ,b-,q#b #ag4 ,,qr-,k#a ,r-,k#a #ah4 ,p-,,qb#d ,kt-,b#b #ai4 ,p-,q#e ,ktx,kt #bj4 ,rx,kt ,p-,k,kt#c #ba4 ,bx,p 0 ?reat5$4 #ba4 ,q-,r#d ,k-,kt#b #bb4 ,q-,q#d ,p-,b#d #bc4 ,q-,b#c ,p-,kt#c #bd4 ,px,p ,b-,b#a #be4 ,b-,k#b ,! ,bi%op n[ settles at ,q#e1 & :e!r ,black takes ! pawn or n1 he is p>alys$ ei!r by ! pawn itself1 or ! p9 ( ! ,bi%op if ! pawn is tak54 #be4 444 ,bx,p #bf4 ,b-,b#c ,k-,b#b #bg4 ,b-,q#e ,q-,q#c #bh4 ,q-,k#c ,r-,k#b #bi4 ,q-,r#f ,k-,kt#a #cj4 ,p-,,kr#d ,! decid+ manuvre1 te>+ up ! *a9 ( pawns 9 front ( ! ,k4 #cj4 444 ,p-,,qr#c #ca4 ,p-,r#e ,p-,b#e #cb4 ,px,p ,px,p #cc4 ,rx,b ,resigns4 ,aft] ,rx,r1 #cd4 ,rx,r1 ,rx,r2 #ce4 ,qx,pch w9s a piece4 ,a beautifully concise game4 ,,game ,,no4 #bg ,:ite3 ,niemz[its*4 ,black3 ,t>ras*4 ,fr5* ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#d ,?is op5+ is call$ ! ,sicilian ,def5ce4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 adopts a cont9uation :i* leads into a v>iation ( ! ,fr5* ,def5ce4 #b4 ,p-,,qb#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #d4 ,p-,k#e ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,kt-,b#c ,q-,kt#c #f4 ,b-,q#c ,px,p ,black seeks to demon/rate t ,:ite's ,,qp is weak4 ,! pres5t game1 h[ev]1 seems to prove t ,:ite is able to gu>d x adequately1 ?us p]man5tly support+ ! ,,kp too4 ,x w\ld !re=e appe> to be bett] to attack ! ,,kp itself1 & to play ,p-,b#c on ! fif? move4 ,n[ ,b-,q#b w\ld be bett] ?an ! text move4 ,z ,:ite _c give fur!r support to 8 ,q#d1 he w\ld h to play ,px,p1 & ! protection ( ! ,k#e w\ld h to be und]tak5 by pieces1 :i* is n desirable4 #g4 ,px,p ,b-,q#b ,n ,ktx,p1 #h4 ,ktx,kt1 ,qx,kt1 because ( ,b-,kt#e;*4 #h4 ,b-,k#b ,! ,b _c g to ,b#b on acc\nt ( ,kt-,kt#e & ,b-,kt#d4 #h4 444 ,k,kt-,k#b #i4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,kt-,b#d #aj4 ,b-,kt#b ,n[ ,:ite's c5tre is safe f fur!r attacks4 ,true1 ,:ite has =feit$ ca/l+1 b z he dom9ates ! ,k+'s side1 :]e ,black _c und]take any?+1 !re is no h>m 9 ,p-,kt#c1 prep>atory to 8artificial ca/l+40 #aj4 444 ,b-,kt#e;* #aa4 ,k-,b#a ,b-,k#b ,direct$ aga9/ #ab4 ,p-,kt#d1 driv+ (f ! ,kt4 ,n[ ,kt-,r#e w\ld foll[4 #ab4 ,p-,kt#c ,p-,,qr#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,q ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aci ,?is manuvre is unwise2 ,:ite c\nt]s ) #ac4 ,p-,,qr#d1 a move :i* 0 necess>y 9 any case1 9 ord] to develop ! ,q,kt via ,r#c1 ?is be+ ! ,knight's only *ance ( gett+ into play1 because1 z long z ! ,,qp is attack$ ?ree times ! l9es ( ,b & ,q mu/ n be int]rupt$4 ,t is a weakness 9 ,:ite's game1 & x 0 necess>y = ,black to prev5t 8 ,kt be+ driv5 (f by ,p-,k,kt#d4 ,p-,,kr#d 0 ! correct move4 ,!n ,:ite also _h to play ,p-,,kr#d to prev5t ,p-,k,kt#d-e1 9 :i* case ,black c\ld h play$ l#c4 444 ,p-,k,kt#c1 & h br\ght 8 ,rooks into conc]t$ action4 ,p-,k,kt#c w\ld h be5 necess>y be=e ca/l+1 because ,:ite's ,b-,q#c w\ld h attack$ ! ,k,kt4 ,! latt] c\ld n !n capture ! ,que5's ,pawn on acc\nt ( a discov]$ *eck1 e4g4 l#b4 444 ,ca/les2 #ac ,b-,q#c1 ,ktx,p82 #ad ,ktx,kt1 ,ktx,kt2 #ae ,bx,kt1 ,qx,b82 #af ,b-,r#g;*1 & ,qx,q4 ,9 ,diagram #aci ,black's ,p-,,qr#d is n only a lo/ move1 b moreov] all[s a ,:ite piece to settle p]man5tly at ,q,kt#e4 ,x also prev5ts ! ,knight f play+ to ,,qr#d1 f :]e ,:ite's ,p-,,qr#d c\ld be answ]$ by ,kt-,kt#f ev5tually4 #ac4 ,p-,,qr#d ,r-,,qb#a #ad4 ,b-,kt#e ,kt-,kt#e ,all ^! skirmi%es only result 9 ! ex*ange ( pieces1 & z long z ,black's ,k,ris out ( play ?is c only be ( advantage to ,:ite4 #ae4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,,qr#c ,?is is 9 ord] to drive (f ! ,b4 ,black %\ld h ex*ang$ 8 own inactive ,,qb1 z ! ,:ite ,b might become effective on ! ,diagonal ,q,kt#a-,,kr#g1 :il/ ,black's ,,qb has no future4 #af4 ,k-,kt#b ,kt-,b#b #ag4 ,b-,k#b ,b-,kt#e ,black _c yet ca/le1 because ( #ah4 ,b-,q#c ,kt-,,kr#c1 #ai4 ,b-,,qb#a74 #ah4 ,kt-,r#b ,kt-,,qr#c #ai4 ,b-,q#c ,kt-,k#b #bj4 ,r-,,qb#a ,kt-,b#c #ba4 ,ktx,b ,q,ktx,kt #bb4 ,b-,kt#a ,:ite's la/ eight moves complet$ 8 developm5t1 & 8 ,bi%ops lie 9 wait = ! attack on ! ,black ,k+4 ,mean:ile ,black has effect$ no?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 he --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,q ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,b ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,b ,r ,q ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adj has ex*ang$ 8 valuable ,,kb1 & also all[$ 8 ,k,kt to be driv5 (f4 ,8 ,k+'s side is b>e1 & ca/l+ w\ld be fraught ) dang]4 ,if ,black ca/les n[1 ,:ite plays ,kt-,kt#e1 & ,black mu/ weak5 8 position by ,p-,r#c or ,p-,kt#c1 & ,:ite w\ld advance 8 ,kt,p or ,,rp & =ce an ex*ange1 op5+ a file = 8 ,rook4 ,9 consequ5ce ,black decides to =feit ca/l+ & to br+ 8 ,,kr to be> on ! ,,kb file4 ,= ?is also ,black mu/ fir/ play ,p-,r#c1 & ,:ite obta9s an op5 file by ,p-,kt#d- ,kt#e4 ,! sequel is %[n "h4 #bb4 444 ,p-,r#c #bc4 ,p-,kt#d ,kt-,k#b #bd4 ,rx,rch ,bx,r #be4 ,kt-,k#a ,:ite waits fir/1 to see :e!r ,black is go+ to ca/le1 & mean:ile tries to ex*ange ,black's ,q,kt1 :i* comm&s 8 ,,qb#b & ,q#c4 #be4 444 ,r-,b#a #bf4 ,kt-,q#c ,p-,b#c #bg4 ,ktx,kt ,qx,kt #bh4 ,px,p ,rx,p #bi4 ,b-,b#a ,kt-,b#c #cj4 ,p-,kt#e ,px,p #ca4 ,bx,p ,r-,b#a #cb4 ,b-,k#c ,q-,k#b #cc4 ,q-,kt#d ,?is provides aga9/ ,black attempt+ to free 8 ,bi%op by ,p- ,k#d4 ,black's ,b-,q#b is c\nt]$ by ,b-,kt#f;*4 ,:ite new w9s surpris+ly quickly1 ?r\gh ! great] mobility ( 8 pieces4 #cc4 444 ,q-,b#c #cd4 ,r-,kt#a ,r-,r#a #ce4 ,k-,r#a ,r-,r#e ,"h ,black c\ld h held out a little long] by def5d+ 8 ,kt,p3 #ce4 444 ,k-,b#a2 #cf4 ,r-,kt#c1 ,r-,r#e2 #cg4 ,q-,q#a1 ,k-,kt#a2 #ch4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,qx,p 7,rx,p1 #ci4 ,q-,r#e72 #ci4 ,r-,q#c1 ,qx,p2 #dj4 ,bx,r1 ,qx,b4 #cf4 ,q-,kt#c ,rx,p ,compulsory4 ,b-,kt#e 0 ?reat5$1 & aft] ,r-,r#a1 ,qx,p1 ,qx,q1 ,rx,q1 ! ,,rp w9s easily4 #cg4 ,bx,r ,ktx,b #ch4 ,qx,p ,q-,b#f;* #ci4 ,q-,kt#b ,qx,qch #dj4 ,rx,q ,ktx,p #da4 ,p-,r#d ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #bh ,:ite3 ,alap94 ,black3 ,rub9/e94 ,sicilian ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#d ,at fir/ glance ?is move w\ld seem to lose "t1 z x does no?+ t[>ds ! ma9 object ( op5+ /rategy1 namely1 ! developm5t ( pieces4 ,b we %all f9d t x does contribute to t aim1 al?\gh indirectly4 ,= "o ?+ x c\ld1 by a transposition ( moves1 lead into an op5+ 9 :i* ,p-,,qb#d is play$ 9 any case2 9 o!r op5+s x is ( use1 9 t x acts f ! fir/ aga9/ ! =mation ( a /rong :ite c5tre4 ,concurr5tly x prep>es ! op5+ ( a file = ! ,rooks4 #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,kb#c8 ,black %\ld n play ,kt-,,kb#c z long z ,:ite's ,p-,k#e means ! cle> ga9 ( a move4 ,!re are pl5ty ( develop+ moves to *oose f4 ,two sy/ems ( developm5t c be foll[$ by ,black accord+ to :e!r ! ,,kb is to develop at ,k#b or ,kt#b4 ,9 ! fir/ case 7comp>e ,game ,no4 #bi7 ,p-,k#c is play$4 ,9 ! second case1 ! op5+ might take ?is c\rse3 #b4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c2 #c4 ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p2 #d4 ,ktx,p1 ,kt-,b#c2 #e4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,p-,q#c 7n ,p-,k,kt#c at once1 because ,:ite w\ld ex*ange ,knights & drive (f ! ,k,kt by ,p-,k#e72 #f4 ,b-,k#c1 ,p-,k,kt#c1 & ,b-,kt#b4 ,:ite's position is sup]ior1 z he has a pawn 9 ! c5tre 9 conjunction ) great] mobility4 ,black w f9d x difficult to br+ 8 ,,qb into play4 ,nev]!less 8 position is compact & difficult to get at4 #c4 ,p-,k#e ,und\bt$ly ,rub9/e9 _h tak5 ?is move into acc\nt :5 play+ #b4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c4 ,8 idea 0 to provoke ! advance ( ! ,,kp4 ,! pawn at ,k#e is weak] ?an at ,k#d1 p>ticul>ly z ,black's ,,qbp prev5ts its natural support by ,p-,q#d4 ,moreov] ,black's ,q#d is free f int]f]5ce by ,:ite4 ,:ite refutes ?is ultra subtilty by simple & /raight-=w>d play1 & he gets su* an advantage 9 developm5t t 8 attack succe$s be=e ,black is able to demon/rate any weakness 9 ,:ite's game4 #c4 444 ,kt-,q#d #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,ktx,kt #e4 ,q,px,kt ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,b-,,qb#d ,p-,q#c ,aft] #f 444 ,p-,k#c1 #g4 ,b-,b#d w\ld re/ra9 ! ,,qp4 #g4 ,b-,b#d ,px,p ,at ?is e>ly /age ,black has no satisfactory means ( developm5t4 ,! ,,qp is attack$ ?ree times1 & !re=e ! ,,kp _c move1 nor c ! ,,kb be develop$ at ,kt#b4 ,b-,kt#e1 9 ord] to play ,bx,kt & ,px,p1 is refut$ by ,bx,pch4 ,! move 9 ! text :i* br+s ab\t ! ex*ange ( ,que5s1 b develops ano!r ,:ite piece at ! same "t1 is m or less =c$4 ,x is in/ructive to wat* h[ ,:ite's advantage 9 developm5t soon mat]ialises4 #h4 ,ktx,p ,qx,qch #i4 ,rx,q ,ktx,kt #aj4 ,bx,kt ,p-,,qr#c ,:ite's ?reat ( ,b-,kt#e;* c\ld n be p>ri$ by ,b-,q#b because ( #aa4 ,bx,pch4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ada #aa4 ,b-,b#g ,b-,kt#e #ab4 ,p-,b#c ,,qr-,b#a #ac4 ,b-,kt#f ,b-,b#d #ad4 ,b-,kt#c ,p-,k#d #ae4 ,b-,r#d;* ,k-,k#b #af4 ,p-,,qb#d ,"h ,:ite c\ld h won a pawn at once by ,r-,q#e4 ,if !n ,k-,k#c1 #ag4 ,p-,,qb#d4 #af4 444 ,p-,b#c #ag4 ,k-,b#b ,k-,b#b #ah4 ,b-,q#g6 ,bx,b #ai4 ,rx,bch ,b-,k#b #bj4 ,,kr-,q#a6 ,! pawns c wait4 #bj4 ,rx,p w\ld n h be5 pr(itable because ( ,r-,q,kt#a4 #bj4 444 ,k-,k#c #ba4 ,rx,p ,b-,q#c ,black might h resign$ "h4 ,x is only a "q ( "t4 #bb4 ,b-,r#g ,r-,b#c ,o!rwise !re foll[s ,r-,kt#f4 #bc4 ,rx,p ,p-,,qr#d #bd4 ,r-,kt#g ,r-,r#a #be4 ,r-,q#e ,p-,r#d #bf4 ,p-,,qr#d ,p-,r#e #bg4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,r7,r#a7-,,qb#a #bh4 ,r-,kt#e ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #bi ,:ite3 ,tei*mann4 ,black3 ,spielmann4 ,sicilian ,def5ce 7see p4 #bae74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#d #b4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,k,kt-,k#b ,?is comes to ! same z ,kt-,b#c1 z aft] ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p ! ,knight recaptures4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,black plays ,p-,q#d !re is a c]ta9 advantage = ,:ite to h ! ,kt at ,k#b1 e4g4 #c4 444 ,p-,q#d2 #d4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #e4 ,p-,q#d4 ,if n[ ,black does n ex*ange pawns1 ,:ite is able to br+ 8 ,,kb to be> on ! c5tre aft] ,p-,k,kt#c & ,b- ,kt#b4 #c4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c ,:ite c ex*ange ?is ,knight lat] on1 & ?us make ,p-,k#e possible z soon z he %\ld deem x advisable to drive ! ,black ,knight f 8 ,,kb#c1 :]e ! same is b\nd to develop soon] or lat]4 ,x is p]haps wise to prev5t ,p-,k#e by ,q-,b#b in/ead ( ! move 9 ! text4 ,?is is an old def5ce1 introduc$ by ,pauls54 ,?\gh x ret>ds ! developm5t ( ,black's m9or pieces1 x produces a /rong def5sive position1 & ! op5+ ( ! ,,qb file gives attack+ *ances on ! ,que5's side4 ,! def5ce might run l ?is3 #c4 444 ,p-,,qr#c2 #d4 ,p-,q#d1 ,px,p2 #e4 ,ktx,p1 ,q-,b#b2 #f4 ,b-,k#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #g4 ,b-,k#b1 ,b-,k#b2 #h4 ,ca/les1 ,p-,q,kt#d foll[$ by ,b-,kt#b1 ,p-,q#c1 ,q,kt-,q#b1 etc4 #d4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #e4 ,ktx,p ,p-,,qr#c #f4 ,ktx,kt ,kt,px,kt #g4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,q#d #h4 ,ca/les ,kt-,b#c #i4 ,b-,,kb#d ,b-,kt#e --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adb ,z ,:ite c =ce ,black to play ,p-,kt#c1 a weak5+ move1 by ,p-,k#e & ,q-,kt#d1 ,black %\ld h play$ ,p-,kt#c at once1 s z to h ,kt-,r#d 9 answ] to ,p-,k#e1 ?us keep+ "o piece = ! def5ce ( ! ,k+'s side4 ,! latt] is 9 jeop>dy aft] ! move 9 ! text1 & ,:ite's attack succe$s4 #aj4 ,p-,k#e ,kt-,q#b #aa4 ,q-,kt#d ,p-,kt#c #ab4 ,,kr-,k#a ,p-,,qb#d ,( c\rse ,black mu/ n accept ! sacrifice ( ! ex*ange by play+ ,p-,q#e4 ,aft] #ac ,kt-,k#d1 ,bx,r2 #ad ,kt-,q#f;*1 ,k-,b#a2 #ae ,r x ,b1 ,black is 9 a mat+ net1 f :i* !re is no escape1 z he has no "t to collect suffici5t =ces = ! def5ce4 ,! move 9 ! text does n /em ! tide ei!r1 & ,:ite quickly =ces ! w9 by a beautiful comb9ation4 #ac4 ,p-,,qr#c ,b-,r#d #ad4 ,b-,k,kt#e ,q-,kt#c ,q-,b#b leads to ! same conclusion4 #ae4 ,p-,kt#d6 ,px,p #af4 ,ktx,p ,px,kt #ag4 ,p-,k#f ,! object ( ,:ite's fifte5? move is reveal$4 ,)\t x ! ,r at ,k#a w\ld n[ be attack$4 #ag4 444 ,p-,b#d ,kt-,b#d fails on acc\nt ( #ah4 ,px,pch1 ,kx,p2 #ai4 ,r-,k#g;*1 foll[$ by ,q-,,kb#d4 #ah4 ,px,kt d\ble * ,kx,p #ai4 ,bx,pch ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #cj ,:ite3 ,t>ras*4 ,black3 ,spielmann4 ,sicilian ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#d #b4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,k,kt#c ,spe$y developm5t by ,kt-,b#c & ,p-,q#d is m desirable1 z o!rwise ,black may h "t to get a firm foot+ at 8 ,q#e4 #c4 444 ,p-,k,kt#c #d4 ,b-,kt#b ,b-,kt#b ,! ,black ,bi%op is ! m effective1 z ! l9e ( ! ,:ite ,bi%op is mask$ by ! ,,kp4 ,small z ?is advantage w\ld seem1 x becomes s]i\s lat] on4 ,x is ano!r confirmation ( ! doctr9e t ! value ( ea* manuvre 9 ! op5+ dep5ds on ! measure ( mobility x af=ds = ! pieces4 #e4 ,k,kt-,k#b ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,p-,q#c ,"h ,:ite c\ld /ill obta9 a fre] game ) ,p-,q#d4 ,p]haps he 0 afraid ( los+ a pawn aft] #f4 444 ,px,p2 #g4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,p4 ,b !re is no?+ 9 x1 e4g4 #h4 ,k,ktx,kt1 ,ktx,kt2 #i4 ,ktx,q1 ,ktx,q2 #aj4 ,ktx,b,p6 7,ktx,kt,p8 ,bx,kt2 #aa4 ,bx,b1 ,r-,q,kt#a71 ,kx,kt 7,ktx,b,p82 #aa4 ,ktx,r1 ,ktx,r2 #ab4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,p2 #ac4 ,ktx,p71 ,kx,kt4 ,!re 0 no?+ else to be fe>$ aft] ,p-,q#d4 #f4 444 ,p-,q#c #g4 ,ca/les ,b-,q#b 9 ord] to play ,q-,b#a & ,b-,r#f & to ex*ange ,bi%ops1 aft] :i* !re w\ld be weak po9ts at ,:ite's ,,kr#c & ,,kb#c4 #h4 ,p-,,kr#c ,ca/les #i4 ,b-,k#c ,p-,,kr#c ,black also prev5ts an ex*ange ( ,bi%ops4 #aj4 ,q-,q#b ,k-,r#b #aa4 ,p-,b#d ,kt-,k#a ,! position has n[ become exce$+ly difficult4 ,9 ord] to make ! mo/ ( ! fav\rable developm5t ( 8 ,,kb1 ,black mu/ advance on ! ,que5's side4 ,b 9 mov+ 8 ,k+'s side pieces ov] to ! ,que5's side1 ,black mu/ proce$ w>ily1 z ,:ite might get *ances ( an attack ) ov]:elm+ =ces on ! ,k+'s side4 #ab4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,kt-,b#b #ac4 ,kt-,kt#c ,"h x 0 necess>y to play ,r-,b#b 9 ord] to play ! ,,qr to ,,kb#a be=e ,black c\ld manage to drive ! ,kt to ,q#a by ,p-,q,kt#d-e4 #ac4 444 ,p-,q,kt#d #ad4 ,kt-,q#a8 ,x w\ld /ill h be5 bett] to play ,,qr-,k#a & to leave ! ,que5's side to itself z long z possible aft] ,p-,kt#e1 #ae4 ,kt- ,q#a1 9 ord] to />t an assault on ! ,k+'s side ) ,p-,b#e1 ,p- ,,kr#d & ,p-,kt#e4 ,aft] ! text move ! ,que5's ,rook rema9s %ut 94 #ad4 444 ,,qr-,kt#a #ae4 ,kt-,k#b 9 ord] to play ,p-,b#c & ,p-,q#d4 ,! :ole plan1 h[ev]1 is inconsequ5t1 z he has />t$ an attack on ! ,k+'s side4 ,n[ he sudd5ly op5s up files on ! ,que5's side :]e ,black has assembl$ sup]ior =ces4 ,! result is t ,:ite gets into tr\ble on bo? w+s1 = z soon z he gives up 8 ,k+'s side attack1 ! advanc$ pawns !re1 z "o kn[s1 are only a s\rce ( weakness4 #ae4 444 ,p-,kt#e #af4 ,p-,b#c ,px,p #ag4 ,px,p ,q-,b#a #ah4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #ai4 ,px,p ,q-,r#c #bj4 ,r-,b#a ,kt-,kt#d #ba4 ,p-,q#e --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,b ,p ,p ,b ,k --------------------------------------- #f ,q ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,q ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,kt ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adc ,?is %uts 9 ! ,:ite ,,kb altoge!r1 & at ! same "t op5s ! diagonal ( ,black's ,,kb4 ,!re=e1 on pr9ciple alone ! move is que/ionable4 ,9 effect x gives ,black an opportunity = a beautiful w9n+ comb9ation4 ,only ,p-,k#e 0 wor? consid]+1 z !n ! oppos+ ,bi%op w\ld h be5 %ut 9 & ,:ite's own diagonal op5$4 #ba4 444 ,kt-,kt#e66 #bb4 ,qx,kt ,kt-,q#e #bc4 ,qx,kt ,bx,q #bd4 ,ktx,b ,al?\gh ?ree m9or pieces are g5]ally an equival5t = ! ,que51 9 ?is case ! ,:ite game collapses quickly4 ,! advanc$ pawns h produc$ too _m weak po9ts :i* af=d an entry = ! ,black =ces4 #bd4 444 ,,kr-,b#a #be4 ,rx,r ,rx,r #bf4 ,r-,b#b ,q-,r#f #bg4 ,r-,k#b ,b-,r#e 0 ?reat5$4 ,b ! text move is ( no avail ei!r4 ,black w9ds up ! game ) ano!r f9e comb9ation4 #bg4 444 ,r-,b#h6 #bh4 ,bx,r ,qx,b ,if ,r-,k#a1 ,q-,b#d4 #bi4 ,kt-,b#c ,qx,ktch #cj4 ,k-,b#b ,b-,kt#d ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #ca ,:ite3 ,john4 ,black3 ,jan[ski ,sicilian ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p ,kt-,b#c ,! aim ( ?is move is to provoke ,kt-,b#c1 & incid5tally to prev5t ,p-,,qb#d4 ,! latt] move w\ld give ,:ite comm& ( 8 ,q#e & n only prev5t ,black's ,p-,q#d b also immobilise ,black's ,,kp unless 8 ,,qp is to rema9 8backw>d40 #e4 ,q,kt-,b#c ,p-,k,kt#c ,z %[n on p4 #baf1 ,p-,q#c mu/ be play$ fir/4 ,9 any case ,black mu/ be w>y ( play+ ,p-,k,kt#c4 ,if1 = in/ance1 aft] ,p-,q#c ,:ite plays #f4 ,b-,,qb#d1 & ,black replies ) ,p-,k,kt#c1 !re foll[s #g4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #h4 ,p-,k#e61 ,kt-,kt#e 7,px,p81 #i4 ,bx,pch72 #i4 ,p- ,k#f1 ,p-,,kb#d1 ) advantage to ,:ite 7see game 9 ! mat* ,s*le*t]-,lask]74 #f4 ,ktx,kt ,kt,px,kt #g4 ,p-,k#e ,kt-,kt#a #h4 ,b-,,qb#d ,p-,q#d #i4 ,px,p1 e4p4 ,px,p #aj4 ,q-,b#c --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,b --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #add ,:ite has n[ ?ree pieces 9 action & ,black none4 ,black's game is hopeless already2 8 ,b#b _c be cov]$ by ,q-,q#b because (3 #aa4 ,bx,pch1 ,qx,b2 #ab4 ,qx,pch1 & aft] ,q-,k#b;* !re foll[s3 #aa4 ,b-,k#c1 ,b-,kt#b2 #ab4 ,ca/les ,,qr1 & #ac4 ,,kr-,k#a1 ) an ov]:elm+ attack4 #aj4 444 ,q-,q#b #aa4 ,kt-,q#e ,9 view ( ! fact t 8 game is s mu* m develop$1 & t ! oppos+ ,k+ w h>dly be able to escape f ! c5tre ( ! bo>d1 ,:ite decides to sacrifice a ,knight 9 ord] to op5 ! files 9 ! c5tre = 8 ,rooks1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! simple l9e indicat$ 9 ! previ\s note4 #aa4 444 ,px,kt #ab4 ,bx,p ,q-,k#b;* #ac4 ,b-,k#c ,r-,kt#a #ad4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,ca/les ,,qr is /rong] /ill1 z ! ,,qr gets into action at once4 #ad4 444 ,b-,k,kt#b #ae4 ,b-,,kb#d ,r-,kt#c #af4 ,b-,b#f;* ,rx,b ,if ,b-,q#b1 ! cont9uation might h be53 #ag4 ,bx,b1 ,qx,b2 #ah4 ,,qr- ,q#a1 ,q-,kt#b2 #ai4 ,,kr-,k#a;*1 ,kt-,k#b2 #bj4 ,rx,ktch1 ,kx,r2 #ba4 ,bx,pch1 etc42 or #ah4 444 ,q-,b#a2 #ai4 ,bx,p1 etc4 ,aft] #ag4 ,r-,k#a ,black c\ld h held out a little long] ) ,b- ,b#c4 ,aft] ! text move1 h[ev]1 ,black's game collapses quickly be=e ! conc5trat$ onslaught ( ! ,:ite =ces4 #ag4 ,qx,rch ,q-,q#b #ah4 ,q ,r-,k#a;* ,kt-,k#b #ai4 ,rx,ktch6 ,kx,r #bj4 ,r-,k#a;* ,k-,b#a #ba4 ,bx,pch ,k-,kt#a #bb4 ,r-,k#h;* ,b-,b#a #bc4 ,rx,bch ,k-,kt#b #bd4 ,q-,b#c;* ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #cb ,:ite3 ,ed4 ,lask]4 ,black3 ,mieses4 ,c5tre ,c\nt] ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,px,p ,kt-,,kb#c ,?is is to tempt ,:ite to play ,p-,,qb#d1 a weak move 7see p4 #ce74 ,by play+ ,p-,,qb#c ,black w\ld obta9 by f> ! bett] game 9 ex*ange = ! pawn4 #c4 ,p-,q#d ,qx,p ,ktx,p c also be play$4 ,9 ei!r case ,:ite w9s a move by driv+ (f ! ,black piece by ,kt-,,qb#c or ,p-,,qb#d4 ,fur!rmore1 ,:ite has a pawn 9 ! c5tre4 ,black's plan 9 retak+ ) ! ,que5 might be to ca/le e>ly on ! ,que5's side & attack ,:ite's c5tre pawn by ,p-,k#d1 & ,:ite mu/ be on ! al]t aga9/ ?is plan1 ?\gh x w n be easy = ,black to put ! same into execution1 because ( ! expos$ position ( 8 ,que54 ,aft] #d4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,q-,,qr#d is ! only move :i* br+s ! ,que5 into mom5t>y security1 & ev5 !n ,black mu/ provide = a retreat1 z aft] ,:ite's ,b-,q#b !re w\ld be a ?reat ( an advantage\s 8discov]y0 by ! ,kt4 ,p-,,qb#c provides su* a retreat1 b x b>s ! ,q,kt f its natural developm5t at ,b#c1 :]e ! ,kt c\ld ex]t fur!r pressure on ,:ite's ,q#d4 ,! ,,qb1 too1 is difficult to get into play & easily becomes an object ( attack1 z 9 ! pres5t game4 #d4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,q-,,qr#d #e4 ,kt-,b#c ,b-,b#d ,b-,kt#e w\ld only help ,:ite's int5tions to attack on ! ,k+'s side 9 ! abs5ce ( ,black's ,que51 e4g4 #f4 ,p-,,kr#c1 ,b-,r#d2 #g4 ,p- ,k,kt#d1 ,b-,kt#c2 #h4 ,kt-,k#e 7?reat5+ ,kt-,b#d71 ,p-,b#c2 #i4 ,p-,,kr#d1 ,q ,kt- ,q#b2 #aj4 ,kt-,b#d1 ,q-,b#b2 #aa4 ,p-,r#e1 ,b-,k#e2 #ab4 ,ktx,b1 ,ktx,kt2 #ac4 ,q-,b#c & ,b-,b#d ) ! sup]ior game4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,q ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #ade #f4 ,kt-,k#e6 ,kt-,k#e ,p-,b#c 0 urg5t "h1 to provide aga9/ ,kt-,b#d & ,q-,b#c4 ,n[ ! game is z good z lo/4 ,:ite obta9s a viol5t attack ) sup]ior =ces1 & br+s x home be=e ,black has "t to complete 8 developm5t4 #g4 ,q-,b#c ,kt-,q#c ,if ,ktx,kt1 ,b-,q#b4 #h4 ,b-,q#b ,p-,k#c #i4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,b-,kt#c ,black _h to gu>d 8 ,,kb#b because ( ,kt-,kt#e1 ,ktx,kt1 ,qx,pch4 #aj4 ,p-,,kr#d ,q-,kt#c #aa4 ,ca/les ,p-,,kb#c ,compulsory4 ,kt-,b#c is refut$ by #ab4 ,ktx,kt1 ,qx,kt2 #ac4 ,qx,q1 ,px,q2 #ad4 ,b-,kt#b & ,p-,r#e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! answ] to #aa4 444 ,qx,p w\ld be #ab4 ,b-,,kb#d1 ,q-,b#d2 #ac4 ,p-,r#e1 ,p-,b#c2 #ad4 ,px,b1 ,px,kt2 #ae4 ,b- ,k,kt#e foll[$ by ,rx,kt & ,r-,q#h or ,q-,b#g mate4 #ab4 ,ktx,b ,px,kt #ac4 ,b-,q#c ,qx,p ,k-,b#b or ,p-,,kb#d 7 also unavail+ 9 consequ5ce ( ,black's poor developm5t4 #ad4 ,bx,pch ,k-,q#b #ae4 ,b-,k#c ,q-,kt#e #af4 ,p-,r#c ,q-,b#e #ag4 ,qx,kt,p ,q-,b#c #ah4 ,b-,k#d ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #cc ,:ite3 ,b>asz4 ,black3 ,mieses4 ,c5tre ,c\nt] ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,q #d #b4 ,px,p ,qx,p #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,q-,,qr#d #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,x is bett] to advance ! ,,qp at once & s ?reat5 ,b-,q#b1 aft] :i* ,black is almo/ "u compulsion to provide a retreat = 8 ,q by ,p-,,qb#c1 ?us block+ 8 ,q,kt4 #d4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,b-,k#b ,b-,b#d #f4 ,p-,q#c ,already n[ ! mi/ake ( hav+ all[$ ,black to develop 8 ,que5's side unmole/$ is app>5t4 ,p-,q#d is n[ impossible1 = ,black w\ld ca/le on ! ,que5's side & keep ! initiative by ex]t+ a p]man5t pressure on ,:ite's ,,qp by ,p-,k#d4 ,:ite mu/ yield up ! c5tre to ,black4 #f4 444 ,p-,k#d #g4 ,b-,q#b ,ca/les #h4 ,p-,,qr#c ,q-,b#d ,! ,que5 mu/ escape f ,:ite's ?reat ( ,p-,q,kt#d4 #i4 ,ca/les ,kt-,b#c #aj4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,q-,k#b #aa4 ,p-,kt#e ,?is advance is some:at purposeless1 z ! ,:ite pieces are n ready = an attack on ,black's ,k+4 ,x is difficult1 ?\gh1 to f9d a s5sible plan1 z ! ,:ite pieces h s little mobility4 ,x w\ld p]haps be be/ to play ,r-,k#a1 ,b-,b#a1 & ,kt-,k#d4 #aa4 444 ,kt-,q#e #ab4 ,r-,k#a ,q-,b#d #ac4 ,b-,,kb#a ,b-,q#c #ad4 ,q-,kt#a8 --------------------------------------- #h ,k ,r ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,q ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,b ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adf ,! purpose ( ?is move is n cle>4 ,! advance ( ! ,kt,p c\ld only be condon$ by a desire to obta9 an op5 file1 & x seems illogical to protect x n[4 ,if ,:ite want$ to escape ! p9n+ ( 8 ,k,kt he ne$ n h mov$ ! ,que54 ,ktx,kt w\ld h effect$ ?is & prev5t$ ! ,k+'s side f be+ laid b>e4 ,:ite's game w\ld /ill h be5 bad1 p>ticul>ly z ! ex*ange at ,q#d op5s ! diagonal = ! ,black ,,kb1 b ! move 9 ! text has ev5 a worse effect4 ,mieses concludes ! game ) an elegant sacrifice4 #ad4 444 ,ktx,ktch #ae4 ,px,kt ,p-,k#e6 #af4 ,q,px,p ,bx,pch #ag4 ,kx,b ,qx,pch #ah4 ,b-,kt#b ,rx,b #ai4 ,r-,k#b ,rx,r #bj4 ,ktx,r ,qx,kt #ba4 ,px,b ,q-,k#d;* #bb4 ,k-,r#a ,r-,k#a ,black has wr\ght fe>ful havoc 9 ! ,:ite ranks1 & ! def5celess ,k+ _c )/& ! onslaught ( ! ?ree ,:ite pieces = long4 #bc4 ,p-,,qb#d ,kt-,r#d #bd4 ,k-,kt#a ,q-,q#e;* #be4 ,k-,r#b ,r-,k#g ?reat5+ ,q-,r#e;*1 ,q-,b#g;*1 & mate at ,kt#g or ,r#g4 #bf4 ,q-,r#a ,q-,k#d;* #bg4 ,p-,b#d ,qx,pch #bh4 ,k-,kt#a ,q-,q#e;* ,resigns4 ,,game ,,no4 #cd ,:ite3 ,em4 ,lask]4 ,black3 ,niemz[its*4 ,c>o-,kann ,def5ce 7comp>e p4 #ej74 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,ktx,kt ,kt,px,kt #f4 ,b-,k#b ,b-,b#d #g4 ,b-,b#c ,q-,r#d;* #h4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,,kr#d6 ,a deep conception4 ,if ,:ite accepts ! pr(f]$ sacrifice ( a pawn1 he loses "t1 z he mu/ retire 8 ,b be=e br++ out 8 ,kt1 &1 moreov]1 ! ,,kr file be+ op51 he c only ca/le on ! ,q side4 ,b !re ! ,black ,que5 is ready = ! attack4 ,if he refuses ! sacrifice1 ! text move is /ill ( value1 z ev5 !n x is h>dly advisable = ,:ite to ca/le on ! ,k side1 :il/ ,black c play ,b-,r#c z soon z x might be desirable to ex*ange ,:ite's ,,qb4 #i4 ,bx,p ,kt-,q#b #aj4 ,b-,kt#d ,bx,b #aa4 ,qx,b ,ca/les #ab4 ,kt-,k#b ,p-,k#c #ac4 ,b-,b#d ,q-,q,kt#d6 ,black is ! fir/ to complete 8 developm5t1 & he assumes ! (f5sive4 #ad4 ,ca/les ,,qr6 ,?is is mu* /rong] ?an ! alt]native ,p-,q,kt#c1 :i* w\ld fatally di/urb ! pawn skeleton1 p>ticul>ly z ca/l+ is only possible on ! ,q side4 ,al?\gh ,black c n[ ga9 two pawns1 ,:ite obta9s an attack & ,black only j manages to escape ) a draw4 #ad4 444 ,kt-,kt#c #ae4 ,kt-,kt#c int5d+ ,q-,k#b 9 answ] to ,kt-,b#e4 ,aga9 ,p-,q,kt#c is n to be ?\ght (1 & ,r-,q#b also fails because ( ,kt-,b#e2 #af4 ,r-,b#b1 ,ktx,p4 #ae4 444 ,q-,q#d #af4 ,k-,kt#a ,qx,kt,p #ag4 ,,qr-,kt#a ,qx,b,p #ah4 ,kt-,k#d ,q-,r#e #ai4 ,q-,b#c ,kt-,b#e6 --------------------------------------- #h ,k ,r ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,kt ,p ,kt ,b ,q --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adg ,:il/ ,black 0 busy captur+ two pawns by mov+ ! ,que5 f\r times1 ,:ite 0 conc5trat+ ! :ole ( 8 =ces1 & n[ ?reat5s to w9 back ! pawn ) ,r-,kt#d4 ,! move 9 ! text anticipates ! ?reat1 = n[ ! answ] to #bj4 ,r-,kt#d w\ld be ,q-,r#d2 #ba4 ,ktx,p81 ,q-,b#d;*2 #bb4 ,kt-,k#d88 ,kt-,q#g;*1 w9n+ ! ,q4 #bj4 ,k-,r#a ,p-,,kb#d #ba4 ,kt-,kt#e ,b-,q#c #bb4 ,b-,b#a ,r-,q#b #bc4 ,r-,kt#b ,b-,b#b int5d+ to get rid ( ! awkw>d ,:ite ,knight by ,kt-,q#c-,k#e4 #bd4 ,,kr-,kt ,kt-,q#c #be4 ,q-,k#b ,kt-,k#e #bf4 ,kt-,b#c ,q-,r#f #bg4 ,p-,r#c ,:ite appe>s to be 9 8"t0 difficulties1 or else he rema9s passive1 9 ord] to give ,black an opportunity = mak+ ! risky attempt to hold ! extra pawn by ,p-,b#c & ,p-,k#d4 #bg4 444 ,p-,r#c #bh4 ,b-,k#c ,,kr-,q#a #bi4 ,k-,r#b ,r-,r#a ,if ,black wants to play = a w91 he mu/ play ,p-,b#c4 ,9 view ( ! fav\rable position ( ! ,:ite pieces1 he pref]s to risk no?+ & to avoid ! weak5+ ( position :i* foll[s ^u practically e pawn move4 #cj4 ,k-,r#a ,,kr-,q#a #ca4 ,k-,r#b ,r-,k#a #cb4 ,r-,kt#h ,rx,r #cc4 ,rx,rch ,r-,q#a #cd4 ,r-,kt#g ,r-,q#b #ce4 ,r-,kt#h;* ,z long z ,black plays /eadily1 ,:ite _c hope = m ?an a draw4 #ce4 444 ,r-,q#a #cf4 ,r-,kt#g ,r-,b#a #cg4 ,p-,b#d ,kt-,b#c ,9 ord] to drive (f ! ,rook2 ,:ite n[ en=ces ! draw by a f9e comb9ation4 #ch4 ,b-,kt#e6 ,kt-,r#d #ci4 ,rx,p6 ,rx,r #dj4 ,qx,pch ,r-,q#b ,n ,k-,kt#a on acc\nt ( #da4 ,q-,k#h;*1 ,k-,r#b2 #db4 ,qx,r1 ,qx,kt2 #dc4 ,qx,b1 ?reat5+ ,b-,k#g4 #da4 ,kt-,k#e6 ,draw4 ,= aft] ,bx,kt !re foll[s #db4 ,q-,k#h;*1 ,k-,b#b2 #dc4 ,qx,bch1 ) p]petual *eck4 ,bo? play]s h %[n a deep positional insight1 & ! game %[s 9 an int]e/+ mann] h[ a prepond]ance ( mat]ial c be c\nt]balanc$ by ! great] mobility ( ! pieces4 ,,game ,,no4 #ce ,:ite3 ,reti4 ,black3 ,t>tak[]4 ,c>o-,kann ,def5ce4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p ,kt-,,kb#c #e4 ,q-,q#c ,:ite wi%es to ca/le z soon z possible on ! ,que5's side1 9 ord] to op]ate on ! ,que5's file ) ! help ( ! ,rook4 #e4 444 ,p-,k#d ,"h ,black loses two moves 9 br++ ,:ite's c5tre pawn away4 ,! manuvre !re=e is n s\nd4 ,q,kt-,q#b1 ,ktx,kt1 & ,kt-,b#c1 or any o!r develop+ moves w\ld be pref]able4 #f4 ,px,p ,q-,r#d;* #g4 ,b-,q#b ,qx,p #h4 ,ca/les6 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,q --------------------------------------- #d ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adh ,:ite prep>es a magnific5t mat+ comb9ation1 :i* c only be made possible at su* an e>ly /age1 :5 ! oppon5t has utt]ly neglect$ 8 developm5t4 #h4 444 ,ktx,kt #i4 ,q-,q#h;*66 ,kx,q #aj4 ,b-,kt#e d\ble * ,k-,b#b #aa4 ,b-,q#h mate ,a beautiful mate4 ,if #aa4 444 ,k-,k#a1 #aa4 ,r-,q#h mate4 ,,game ,,no4 #cf ,:ite3 ,=gacz4 ,black3 ,e4 ,cohn4 ,que5's ,gambit4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,px,p #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,,kb#c #e4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #f4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,kr#c ,?r\gh #c4 444 ,px,p ,black's developm5t is "o move beh9d1 & su* pawn moves %\ld at any co/ be avoid$ z d n contribute to ! mobilisation ( ! pieces4 ,ca/les1 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,b- ,kt#b1 & ,q,kt-,q #b 0 ! prop] c\rse4 #g4 ,bx,kt ,?is is bett] ?an to )draw ! ,bi%op2 ,black's la/ move 0 cle>ly loss ( "t4 #g44 444 ,bx,b #h4 ,bx,p ,kt-,q#b #i4 ,ca/les ,ca/les --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #adi ,!re seems to be no?+ al>m+ ab\t ! position1 yet on clos] inve/igation a numb] ( vital fail+s c be disc]n$ 9 ,black's camp4 ,! abs5ce ( a pawn 9 ! c5tre & ! unsatisfactory developm5t h a f>-rea*+ influ5ce4 ,:ite w be able to br+ 8 =ces to ! ,k+'s side by way ( ,k#d1 :i* is made accessible by ! disappe>ance ( ,black's ,,qp1 be=e ,black has "t to br+ 8 ,,qb to be> on ,:ite's ,k#d by ,p- ,q,kt#c & ,b-,kt#b4 ,:ite's imm$iate ?reat 7aft] ,p-,k#e7 is ,q-,k#b-,k#d & ,b-,q#c4 ,if ,black does n wi% to risk ,p-,k,kt#c1 he mu/ def5d himself ) ,r-,k#a1 ,kt-,b#a4 ,9 ! meantime ,:ite c play ,r-,q#a & ?reat5 ,p-,q#e1 op5+ ! ,que5's file4 ,?is aga9 necessitates ,p-,b#c1 :i* po/pones ! effici5cy ( ! ,,qb at ,kt#b until ,:ite's ,q,kt & ,,qr h be5 br\ght up = ! attack4 ,! game develops on ^! l9es1 & provides an excell5t example ( ! advantage ( ! comm& ( ! c5tre4 #aj4 ,p-,k#e ,b-,k#b #aa4 ,q-,k#b ,r-,k#a #ab4 ,,qr-,q#a ,p-,,qb#c #ac4 ,q-,k#d ,q-,b#b prep>+ ,p-,q,kt#c4 #ad4 ,,kr-,k#a ,kt-,b#a #ae4 ,q-,kt#d ,p-,q,kt#c #af4 ,q-,r#e ,b-,kt#b #ag4 ,r-,k#d ,b-,kt#e ,black _c yet play ,p-,,qb#d1 z ,r-,b#d is ?reat5$ ) an attack on ,,kb#g4 ,! ,bi%op :i* ob/ructs ! ,q w\ld h no move1 save ! sorry retreat to ,q#a1 & ,:ite w\ld w9 spe$ily3 #ag4 444 ,p- ,,qb#d2 #ah4 ,r-,b#d1 ,b-,q#a2 #ai4 ,p-,q#e1 ,px,p2 #bj4 ,ktx,p1 ,bx,kt2 #ba4 ,bx,b1 attack+ ,r & ,p4 #ah4 ,r-,kt#d ,bx,kt #ai4 ,px,b ,k-,r#a ,qx,p 0 ?reat5$4 #bj4 ,kt-,kt#e ,r-,k#b #ba4 ,kt-,k#d ,ev5 ! ,knight is br\ght 9 via ,k#d4 #ba4 444 ,r-,q#a #bb4 ,r-,q#c ,p-,,qb#d #bc4 ,kt-,b#f ?reat5+ ,qx,pch & ,r-,kt#h mate4 ,black _c capture ! ,kt because ( ,qx,pch & mate at ,kt#g4 ,b ! mate _c be delay$ mu* long] 9 view ( ! conc5tration ( sup]ior =ces = ! attack4 #bc4 444 ,kt-,kt#c #bd4 ,r-,r#c ,resigns ,!re is no answ] to ,q-,kt#e & ,rx,p4 ,,game ,,no4 #cg ,:ite3 ,m>%all4 ,black3 ,capablanca4 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$ 7see p4 #eb74 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,p-,k#c #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #e4 ,p-,k#c ,kt-,k#e --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,kt ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aej ,lask] has play$ ?is move successfully 9 8 mat* aga9/ ,m>%all2 b x has n come into g5]al use4 ,:ite %\ld get ! bett] game by #f4 ,bx,b1 ,qx,b2 #g4 ,q-,b#b1 ,ktx,kt2 #h4 ,qx,kt or #g4 ,px,p1 ,ktx,kt2 #h4 ,px,kt1 ,px,p2 #i4 ,q-,kt#c1 9 ! fir/ case because ! ,black ,,qb is out ( play1 9 ! second case because ( ! op5 ,kt file4 #g4 ,ktx,kt is bad1 because ,px,kt prev5ts ! natural developm5t ( ! ,k,kt at ,b#c1 & ,black c obta9 an attack aft] ca/l+ by ,p-,,kb#d-e4 #f4 ,bx,b ,qx,b #g4 ,b-,q#c ,?is also is a good move1 z x fur!rs developm5t4 #g4 444 ,ktx,kt #h4 ,px,kt ,px,p ,giv+ up ! c5tre pawn 9 ?is case is n aga9/ ! _s ( ! op5+1 z x op5s ! only diagonal on :i* ! ,black ,,qb c op]ate4 #i4 ,bx,p ,p-,q,kt#c #aj4 ,q-,b#c ,p-,,qb#c #aa4 ,kt-,k#b ,b-,kt#b #ab4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,ca/les #ac4 ,p-,,qr#d ,?is move c only be good if ,:ite int5ds to op]ate on ! ,que5's side1 possibly by ,,kr-,kt#a & ,p-,r#e4 ,b ! position ( ! ,:ite ,que5 makes ! adoption ( a diff]5t plan compulsory4 ,= "o ?+1 x is rational to conc5trate =ces :]e ! ,que5 c take h] %>e1 !re=e1 9 ?is case1 on ! ,k+'s side4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! manuvre ref]r$ to c\ld n be put into execution "h because ,black c prev5t ,p- ,r#e by ,p-,,qb#d & ,kt-,b#c4 ,a fairly obvi\s c\rse 0 to play ,p-,k#d1 tak+ possession ( ! c5tre4 ,p-,,qb#d w\ld !n be answ]$ by ,p-,q#e1 aft] :i* ! ,:ite ,rooks w\ld be v effective at ,q#a & ,k#a4 ,9 ?is game ,:ite does initiate a ,k+'s side attack subsequ5tly1 & ?us #ac4 444 ,p-,,qr#d is cle>ly a lo/ move4 #ac4 444 ,p-,,qb#d #ad4 ,q-,kt#c ,kt-,b#c #ae4 ,kt-,b#d ,,qr-,b#a ,! tempt+ move ( ,p-,k#d _c be play$ because ( #af4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,q-,q#a2 #ag4 ,px,b,p1 ,kt-,r#d2 #ah4 ,,kr-,q#a4 ,! move 9 ! text ?reat5s ,px,p1 ,ktx,p & ,rx,b4 #af4 ,b-,r#b ,,kr-,q#a #ag4 ,,kr-,k#a ,kt-,r#d ,?is ?reat5s ,b-,b#c attack+ ! ,,rp4 ,:ite decides to yield ! same at once1 ?9k+ q rightly t a direct attack mu/ h good *ances1 z ,black gets two pieces out ( play 9 captur+ ! pawn4 #ah4 ,,qr-,q#a ,b-,b #c #ai4 ,q-,kt#d ,black _c take ! pawn yet1 because ( ,ktx,p & ,bx,pch4 #ai4 444 ,p-,b#e #bj4 ,p-,q#e8 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,kt ,q --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aea ,!re is no ne$ to play = viol5t complications4 ,! logical c\rse 0 to op5 ! way to ! ,k+'s side = ! ,rooks by ,p- ,k#d4 ,! cont9uation c\ld h be53 #bj4 ,p-,k#d1 ,bx,r,p2 #ba4 ,kt-,r#e1 ,p-,kt#c2 #bb4 ,p-,k#e1 ,bx,r2 #bc4 ,rx,b foll[$ by ,kt-,b#f1 ) a /rong attack2 also aft] #ba4 444 ,p-,b#c1 #bb4 ,r-,q#b1 ,:ite's attack+ *ances are good4 ,aft] ! move 9 ! text1 ,black c\ld get an advantage by simply ex*ang+3 #bj4 444 ,px,p2 #ba4 ,ktx,p1 ,bx,kt2 #bb4 ,rx,b1 ,rx,r2 #bc4 ,qx,rch1 ,r-,q#a2 #bd4 ,q-,,kb#e1 ,p-,kt#c2 #be4 ,q-,b#b1 ,q-,r#f4 ,9 tak+ ! ,,rp1 h[ev]1 ,black incurs grave risks4 #bj4 444 ,bx,r,p #ba4 ,r-,q#b ,p-,k#d #bb4 ,kt-,r#e ,p-,kt#c #bc4 ,p-,q#f ,q-,k#c #bd4 ,q-,kt#e ,k-,r#a ,black f9ds ! weaknesses at 8 ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c v tr\blesome4 ,rx,p w\ld lose at once1 because ( #be4 ,rx,r1 ,qx,r2 #bf4 ,q-,r#f6 #be4 ,kt-,b#f ,rx,p #bf4 ,rx,r ,qx,r #bg4 ,b-,kt#a ,q-,r#d w\ld h be5 answ]$ by ,k-,kt#b4 #bg4 444 ,kt-,b#c ,black mu/ try to br+ back 8 m9or pieces = ! def5ce4 ,if he succe$s 9 do+ t 9 "t1 ! end-game is easily won on ! ,que5's side4 #bh4 ,b-,b#e ,r-,q#a ,n ,px,b because ( ,q-,r#f4 #bi4 ,p-,,kr#d ,:ite's attack+ res\rces seem inexhau/ible4 ,by ex*ang+ ,que5s he c\ld h got 8 pawn back 9 ?is way3 #bi4 ,b-,q#g1 ,q- ,b#a 7,r x,b81 #cj4 ,q-,r#f72 #cj4 ,bx,kt1 ,bx,b2 #ca4 ,qx,q,p1 ,q-,q#c2 #cb4 ,kt- ,q#g1,qx,q2 #cc4 ,ktx,q1 ,b-,k#a2 #cd4 ,ktx,q,b,p4 ,b ev5 !n ,black w\ld ma9ta9 a sup]iority 9 ! end-game ow+ to ! fre$om ( 8 pass$ pawn1 & because he c po/ 8 ,rook at ! sev5? aft] ,p-,q,kt#d4 ,?is expla9s :y ,m>%all pref]s n to w9 back 8 pawn1 b to ent] ^u a viol5t attack ) a d\btful issue4 ,h[ev]1 ,capablanca f9ds ! "r move 9 all ! ensu+ complications1 & f9ally w9s ! game4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,q ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,b ,q --------------------------------------- #d ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aeb #bi4 444 ,kt-,k#b #cj4 ,kt-,k#d ,q-,b#b #ca4 ,q-,b#f;* ,k-,kt#a #cb4 ,b-,k#f ,?is is n[ compulsory4 ,if ,:ite loses "t 9 )draw+ ! ,b1 ,black consolidates 8 position by3 ,kt-,q#d & ,q-,k#b4 #cb4 444 ,px,b ,r-,b#a is refut$ by #cc4 ,kt-,kt#e61 ,px,b2 #cd4 ,qx,r1 etc4 #cc4 ,qx,k,pch ,bett] ?an ,kt-,kt#e1 = aft] ,kt-,q#d1 #cd4 ,qx,pch1 ! ,black ,k+ f9ds a safe retreat at ,kt#b4 #cc4 444 ,k-,b#a #cd4 ,kt-,kt#e ,kt-,kt#a #ce4 ,p-,b#d 9 ord] to op5 ! file = ! ,rook4 #ce4 444 ,r-,k#a #cf4 ,px,p ,r-,k#b #cg4 ,r-,b#a;* ,k-,kt#b #ch4 ,p-,r#e ,b-,k#a #ci4 ,p-,r#f;* ,k-,r#a ,ktx,p fails on acc\nt ( ,q-,b#f;*4 #dj4 ,q-,q#f ,:ite takes all possible advantage f ! position1 b _c br+ home 8 attack1 z ,black has conc5trat$ 8 =ces = ! def5ce4 ,black mu/ /ill be c>eful to avoid a mate1 e4g4 ,qx,q82 #da4 ,px,q1 ,rx,p2 #db4 ,r-,b#g or #dl4 444 ,r-,q#b2 #db4 ,r-,b#h4 #dj4 444 ,q-,b#d #da4 ,q-,q#d ,"h ,:ite c\ld h tri$ ,qx,q & ,r-,b#h4 ,!re 0 !n a p]man5t ?reat ( ,rx,b1 e4g4 #da4 ,qx,q1 ,px,q2 #db4 ,r-,b#h1 ,rx,p2 #dc4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,r-,k#b2 #dd4 ,kt-,kt#e1 etc4 ,x seems z if ,black w\ld h to give up ! piece aga9 by #dc4 444 ,r-,r#d 9 ord] to w94 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 w\ld !n h draw+ *ances1 :i* w\ld h be5 a fitt+ conclusion to ?is wond]ful game4 #da4 444 ,rx,p #db4 ,q-,q#g ,r-,k#b ,resigns ,,game ,no4 #ch ,:ite3 ,rotlewi4 ,black3 ,tei*mann4 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q #d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,k#c #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,q,kt-,q#b #e4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b ,capablanca tri$ #e4 444 ,b-,kt#e2 aga9/ ,ed4 ,lask] 9 ,new ,york1 #aiae4 ,! cont9uation 03 #f4 ,p-,k#c1 ,p-,b#d2 #g4 ,b-,q#c1 ,q-,r#d2 #h4 ,q- ,kt#c4 ,! correct move is "h #h4 ,ca/les4 ,if ,black w9s ! pawn by ,bx,kt2 #i4 ,px,b1 ,q,px,p2 #aj4 ,bx,p1 ,qx,b,p1 ,:ite obta9s a /rong attack1 e4g41 #aa4 ,r-,b#a1 ,q-,r#d2 #ab4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b 7,ktx,b2 #ac4 ,px,p72 #ac4 ,p-,q#e1 ) ?is possible cont9uation l#c4 444 ,kt-,kt#c1 #ad4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #ae4 ,q-,q#f1 ) a /rong attack4 #f4 ,p-,k#c ,ca/les #g4 ,q-,b#b ,p-,b#d ,:ite int5ds to ca/le on ! ,que5's side1 & to foll[ ?is up ) a /orm by ! ,k+'s side pawns4 ,al?\gh ,rub9/e9 has on _m occasions be5 successful ) ?is =m ( attack1 x is op5 to criticism4 ,=1 :]e ,k+s h ca/l$ on diff]5t w+s1 ! attack on ! ,k+ :i* has ca/l$ on ! ,q side %\ld be m successful4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aec ,?is is mu* /rong] ?an ,p-,q ,kt#c & ,b-,kt#b1 z !n ! ,black ,que5 _c p>ticipate 9 ! attack quickly en\gh4 ,z po9t$ out be=e1 spe$ is ! fir/ consid]ation = ! attack1 :5ev] ! ,k+s h ca/l$ on diff]5t w+s4 ,an int]e/+ c\nt]p>t to ! pres5t game is f\nd 9 a game won by ,rub9/e9 f ,tei*mann 7,mat*1 ,vi5na1 #aijh7 #g4 444 ,p- ,q,kt#c2 #h4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #i4 ,b-,q#c1 ,b-,kt#b2 #aj4 ,ca/les ,,qr1 ,p-,b#d2 #aa4 ,p- ,,kr#d1 ,p-,b#e8 7! only hope lay 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,,qb file72 #ab4 ,b-,b#e1 ,r-,k#a2 #ac4 ,bx,k,kt1 ,ktx,b2 #ad4 ,p-,k,kt#d1 ,b-,q#c2 #ae4 ,p-,kt#e1 ,kt- ,k#e2 #af4 ,p-,r#e1 ,q-,k#b2 #ag4 ,,qr-,kt#a1 ,p-,,qr#c2 #ah4 ,bx,pch61 ,kx,b2 #ai4 ,p- ,kt#f;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #bj4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #ba4 ,p-,r#f1 ,p-,b#ca #bb4 ,px,p1 ,px,kt2 #bc ,r-,r#h;*1 ,kx,p2 #bd4 ,r-,r#g;*1 & ,black resign$ a few moves lat]4 #h4 ,ca/les ,q-,r#d #i4 ,px,q,p ,:ite loses "t 9 ! c5tre4 ,x 0 imp]ative to proce$ at once ) ,p-,k,kt#d foll[$ by ,bx,kt1 ,p-,kt#e & ,p-,,kr#d4 #i4 444 ,k,px,p #aj4 ,px,p ,ktx,p #aa4 ,kt-,q#d ,b-,k#c #ab4 ,k-,kt#a ,x w\ld be too risky to leave bo? ,k+ & ,que5 on ! ,,qb file4 #ab4 444 ,,qr-,b#a #ac4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,,kr#c ,! ?reat 03 ,bx,kt & ,bx,pch4 ,_h ,:ite play$ ,p-,k,kt#d & ,p-,,kr#d in/ead ( effect+ ex*anges 9 ! c5tre1 ,black w\ld n h be5 able to af=d ?is weak5+ move4 ,b n[ ,black w9s ! game on ! o!r w+1 be=e ,:ite is able to make use ( ! weakness ?us creat$4 #ad4 ,bx,kt ,bx,b #ae4 ,b-,b#e ,,kr-,q#a #af4 ,bx,b ,px,b #ag4 ,q-,kt#f ,! ,que5 mu/ leave ! ,,qb file )\t delay1 z ,kt-,k#e is ?reat5$4 ,black's game is already sup]ior2 ) ! exception ( ! ,que51 ,:ite has no piece available = ! attack on ! oppos+ ,k+4 #ag4 444 ,r-,q#c #ah4 ,r-,,qb#a ,r-,r#c ,n[ ,:ite mu/ aga9 provide aga9/ ,black's ,kt-,k#e1 z ,:ite's ,q,kt is ne$$ = ! def5ce ( ,,qr#b4 #ai4 ,p-,b#c ,r-,q#a ,black int5ds to move 8 ,b & !n to advance 8 ,,kp ) an attack on ! ,que54 ,! object ( ! text move is to prev5t ,:ite f sav+ himself by an attack on ! ,rook 7,q-,b#e74 #bj4 ,r-,b#b ,bx,kt ,by ?is ex*ange ,black a*ieves 8 object ( driv+ (f ! ,knight by ,p-,q#e1 b ,:ite has "t to give 8 ,,rp fur!r protection by ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,?is1 ,black w\ld h prev5t$ by play+ ,b-,kt#d in/ead ( ! text move1 e4g4 #ba4 ,p-,b#d1 ,p-,k#d2 #bb4 ,q-,b#e1 ,px,kt2 #bc4 ,px,p1 ,b-,b#c2 #bd4 ,px,kt1 ,p-,q#e1 etc4 #ba4 ,px,b ,p-,k#d #bb4 ,q-,kt#d ,px,p #bc4 ,qx,p ,kt-,k#c #bd4 ,q-,k#e ,?is delays ! fatal advance ( ! ,,qp = "o move4 #bd4 444 ,p-,q,kt#d #be4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,p-,q#e #bf4 ,kt-,k#d ,p-,q#f #bg4 ,r-,q#b ,kt-,q#e #bh4 ,r-,,qb#a ,kt-,b#g #bi4 ,q-,kt#b ,kt-,r#f;* #cj4 ,k-,r#a ,kt-,b#g;* #ca4 ,k-,kt#a ,kt-,r#f;* #cb4 ,k-,r#a ,kt-,b#g;* #cc4 ,k-,kt#a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,r ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,q ,kt ,r ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aed ,black does n play = a draw1 b only wi%es to ga9 "t4 #cc4 444 ,r-,,qb#c ,! int5tion is to d\ble ,rooks & to =ce an entry at ,b#g4 ,p- ,kt#e w\ld n be good4 ,! ,:ite ,rook w\ld no long] be attack$1 & ! ,knight c\ld attack ! ,,qp4 #cd4 ,r7,b#a7-,q#a ,,kr-,,qb#a ,n[ t ! ,:ite ,rook has left ! ,,qb file1 "o ,rook w\ld be suffici5t to =ce an entry at ,b#g1 & ,kt-,r#f;* foll[$ by ,p-,kt#e c\ld h be5 play$ at once1 e4g4 #cd4 444 ,kt-,r#f;*2 #ce4 ,k-,r#a1 ,p-,kt#e 7prev5t+ ,p-,q,kt#d72 #cf4 ,kt-,b#b1,r-,b#g2 #cg4 ,rx,r1 ,px,r2 #ch4 ,r- ,,qb#a1 ,q-,kt#c2 #ci4 ,kt-,k#d1 ,r-,q#h foll[$ by ,rx,rch1 ,q-,q#e;* & ,p-,b#h mate4 #ce4 ,rx,p ,kt-,r#f;* #cf4 ,k-,r#a ,p-,kt#e #cg4 ,r-,q#g ,q-,k#d66 ,if ,qx,q1 ,black mates 9 ?ree4 #ch4 ,r-,q#h;* ,rx,r #ci4 ,rx,rch ,k-,r#b #dj4 ,r-,q#a ,qx,qch ,curi\sly en\gh !re is no?+ bett]4 ,q-,b#b only leads to ! ex*ange ( ,que5s & ! same end-game1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is an easy w9 = ,black1 z ! p]man5t mat+ ?reat keeps ! ,:ite ,rook ti$ to ! fir/ rank1 :il/ ! ,black ,k+ ?reat5s to capture all ! ,:ite pawns4 ,if ,q-,b#b ,:ite =ces ! ex*ange ( ,que5s ) ! foll[+ comb9ation3 #da4 ,q-,q#b1 ,r-,b#g2 #db4 ,q-,q#c1 ,r-,b#h;*2 #dc4 ,k-,kt#b1 ) a ?reat ( ,kt-,b#f;* & ,q-,r#g mate4 ,black !re=e w\ld h to play ,q-,b#g;*1 etc41 z 9 ! game4 #da4 ,kx,q ,r-,b#g;* #db4 ,k-,r#a ,rx,p #dc4 ,r-,r#a ,p-,kt#d #dd4 ,kt-,b#f;* ,k-,kt#b #de4 ,kt-,k#d ,k-,kt#c #df4 ,kt-,q#f ,p-,,qr#d ,we h n[ a position ) a =c$ move4 ,if ! ,:ite ,knight moves1 !re foll[s ,k-,b#d-;,b#e1 etc4 ,!re=e ,:ite gives up 8 ,r ,p volunt>ily4 #dg4 ,r-,,qb#a ,rx,p #dh4 ,kt-,b#d ,kt-,kt#d ,n[ ,kt-,b#f & ,rx,p mate are ?reat5$4 #di4 ,kt-,k#e;* ,k-,kt#b #ej4 ,kt-,kt#d ,r-,k#g #ea4 ,r-,b#e ,r-,k#h;* #eb4 ,k-,kt#b ,kt-,r#f #ec4 ,r-,b#g;* ,k-,b#a #ed4 ,r-,b#a ,r-,k#g;* #ee4 ,k-,r#a ,kt-,b#g;* #ef4 ,k-,kt#a ,kt-,r#f;* ,black aga9 appe>s to be %ort ( "t4 #eg4 ,k-,r#a ,kt-,kt#d #eh4 ,r-,b#e ,r-,k#h;* #ei4 ,k-,kt#b ,kt-,r#f #fj4 ,r-,b#a ,r-,k#g;* ,n[1 aft] ! sixtie? move ,black has aga9 pl5ty ( "t1 & c prep>e ! f9al comb9ation at leisure4 #fa4 ,k-,r#a ,r-,k#c #fb4 ,r-,r#a ,k-,kt#b #fc4 ,r-,,qb#a ,k-,kt#c #fd4 ,r-,b#f ,rx,r #fe4 ,kt-,k#e;* ,k-,b#d #ff4 ,ktx,r ,p-,r#d #fg4 ,kt-,q#d;* ,k-,k#d #fh4 ,kt-,k#b ,kt-,b#g;* #fi4 ,k-,kt#b ,kt-,q#e ,resigns4 ,,game ,,no4 #ci4 ,:ite3 ,rotlewi4 ,black3 ,rub9/e9 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,,qb#d #d4 ,p-,b#d ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,q,px,p ,bx,p #g4 ,p-,,qr#c ,p-,,qr#c #h4 ,p-,q,kt#d ,b-,q#c #i4 ,b-,kt#b ,ca/les --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aee #aj4 ,q-,q#b ,:ite _c w9 ! ,,qp by #aj4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #aa4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,kt2 #ab4 ,qx,kt1 because ,bx,pch w9s ! ,que54 ,! text move is play$ ) ! int5tion ( br++ up ! ,,qr = ! attack on ! ,,qp4 ,h[ev]1 x w\ld h be5 m correct to fix ! object ( attack fir/ by ,px,p1 z ,black c\ld n[ cross ,:ite's int5tions by play+ ,px,p1 aft] :i* he w\ld soon] or lat] ga9 a move by occupy+ ! ,q file ) a ,rook1 & =c+ ! ,:ite ,que5 to retreat4 #aj4 444 ,q-,k#b6 ,black (f]s to give up 8 ,que5's ,pawn4 ,if ,:ite accepts ! sacrifice1 ,black's attack on ! ,que5's file w become deadly1 z ,:ite mu/ lose a move 9 br++ 8 ,que5 out ( ! l9e ( action ( ! ho/ile ,rook4 ,! ,:ite ,k+ has !n no "t to get into safety1 e4g4 #aa4 ,px,p1 ,px,p2 #ab4 ,ktx,p1 ,ktx,kt2 #ac4 ,qx,kt1 ,r- ,q#a2 #ad4 ,q-,kt#c1 ,b-,k#c foll[$ by ,ktx,p1 etc4 #aa4 ,b-,q#c8 ,"h aga9 ,px,p 7foll[$ by ,b-,k#b1 ,r-,q#a1 ,ca/les7 w\ld h avoid$ ! loss ( a move1 z indicat$ 9 my note to move #aj4 ,n[ ,:ite loses yet ano!r move1 z ,black ex*anges pawns & ! ,bi%op has tak5 two moves to rea* ,b#d1 z aga9/ "o only 9 ! case ( ! ,black ,,kb4 ,! loss ( two moves 9 ! op5+ /ages %\ld be fatal1 & ( ?is ,rub9/e9 gives a /rik+ example 9 ! pres5t game4 #aa4 444 ,px,p #ab4 ,bx,p ,p-,q,kt#d #ac4 ,b-,q#c ,r-,q#a #ad4 ,q-,k#b ,b-,kt#b #ae4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,kt-,k#d ,! advantage :i* ,black obta9s by 8 la/ move is g5]ally ga9$ by ,:ite 9 ?is op5+ 7comp>e ,diag4 #cf74 ,b 9 ! game ,:ite has lo/ two moves & ,black has assum$ ! (f5sive1 hav+ moreov] a ,rook act+ on ! ,q file4 #af4 ,ktx,kt ,bx,kt #ag4 ,p-,b#d ,black's ?reat 03 ,bx,pch foll[$ by ,q-,q#c;* & ,qx,b4 ,if ,:ite replies3 #ag4 ,,kr-,q#a ! answ] is ,q-,b#b attack+ bo? ! ,,rp & ! ,kt4 ,! text move is unsatisfactory1 z x w be necess>y to advance ! ,,kp to ,k#d or ,k#e1 :]e x w block ! diagonal ( "o ( ! ,bi%ops4 #ag4 444 ,b-,b#b #ah4 ,p-,k#d ,,qr-,b#a #ai4 ,p-,k#e ,b-,kt#c;* #bj4 ,k-,r#a ,kt-,kt#e66 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,b ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aef ,! beg9n+ ( magnific5t sacrifices4 #ba4 ,qx,kt _c be play$ because ( ,rx,b & ,r-,q#g1 etc4 #ba4 ,b-,k#d ,q-,r#e #bb4 ,p-,kt#c ,aft] ,p-,r#c ,black w9s also 9 f9e /yle3 ,rx,kt662 #bc4 ,qx,kt1 ,qx,q2 #bd4 ,px,q1 ,bx,b2 #be4 ,bx,r1 ,r-,q#f ?reat5+ ,r-,r #f mate2 or1 #bc4 ,bx,r1 ,bx,b2 #bd4 ,qx,b1 ,q-,kt#f2 #be4 ,px,kt1 ,q-,r#e mate4 #bb4 444 ,rx,kt66 #bc4 ,px,q ,r-,q#g66 #bd4 ,qx,r ,bx,bch #be4 ,q-,kt#b ,r-,r#f & mate at ,r#g4 ,,game ,,no4 #dj ,:ite3 ,rub9/e94 ,black3 ,capablanca4 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,,qb#d #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,k#c #d4 ,px,q,p ,k,px,p #e4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,,qb#c #f4 ,p-,k,kt#c ,b-,k#c #g4 ,b-,kt#b ,b-,k#b #h4 ,ca/les ,r-,b#a ,?is move is n satisfactory at ?is juncture4 ,x r helps a comb9ation :i* is frequ5tly resort$ to 9 simil> positions1 namely1 ! ex*ange ( ! ,black ,,qb & subsequ5t pressure on ! ,,kp by ! ,:ite ,,kb on ! diagonal ,,kr#c-,,qb#h4 #h4 444 ,kt-,b#c %\ld h be5 play$1 aft] --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,q ,k ,kt ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,b --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aeg :i* ,:ite c\ld h>dly be said to possess any advantage1 e4g4 #i4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,kt-,k#e1 or #i4 ,b-,k#c1 ,kt-,k,kt#e1 or #i4 ,p-,,qr#c1 or #i4 ,px,p1 ,bx,p2 #aj4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,b-,k#b4 ,aft] #i4 ,px,p1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be weak to recapture ) ! ,que54 ,9 a game ,e4 ,cohn-,ed4 ,lask] 7mat* #aiji7 !re foll[$3 #i4 444 ,q-,r#d2 #aj4 ,kt-,k,kt#e1 ,qx,p2 #aa4 ,b-,k#c1 ,q- ,r#d2 #ab4 ,q-,kt#c1 aft] :i* ,black _h to give up a pawn already3 ,ca/les ,,qr2 #ac4 ,ktx,b1 ,px,kt2 #ad4 ,b-,r#c1 etc4 #i4 ,px,p ,bx,p #aj4 ,kt-,k,kt#e ,kt-,b#c #aa4 ,ktx,b ,px,kt #ab4 ,b-,r#c ,q-,k#b #ac4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,k#d is /rong] "h1 9 ord] to play ,b-,kt#e aft] ,px,p4 l#c4 444 ,p-,q#e w\ld !n be refut$ by ,kt-,q#e4 #ac4 444 ,ca/les #ad4 ,bx,kt ,qx,b ,aft] ?is ,:ite ga9s a pawn by a complicat$ & well-tim$ comb9ation4 ,capablanca did n consid] ! subtle reply on ,rub9/e9's sev5te5? move4 ,o!rwise he w\ld h recaptur$ ) ! pawn4 ,h[ev]1 9 t case too1 ,:ite's *ances are good 9 ! end-game :i* ensues aft]3 #ae4 ,ktx,p1 ,px,kt2 #af4 ,qx,pch1 ,k-,r#a2 #ag4 ,bx,r4 ,! ,rooks w\ld soon become effective 9 view ( ! op5 ,k side4 #ae4 ,ktx,p ,q-,r#c ,bx,pch fails because ( #af4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,q-,b#b2 #ag4 ,kt-,b#d6 #af4 ,k-,kt#b ,,qr-,q#a #ag4 ,q-,b#a --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p ,q --------------------------------------- #e ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,k ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aeh #ag4 444 ,px,kt ,if ,rx,kt1 ,:ite ex*anges ,que5s & plays ,bx,pch4 #ah4 ,qx,b ,q-,q#g #ai4 ,q-,kt#e ,kt-,q#e #bj4 ,q-,q#c ,) an extra pawn ,:ite =ces ! ex*ange ( ,que5s4 ,black _c prev5t x1 z #bj4 444 ,qx,kt,p loses ! ,knight on acc\nt ( #ba4 ,,kr-,kt#a1 & #bj4 444 ,q-,kt#e loses ! ,,qp by #ba4 ,,kr-,q#a & ,b- ,k#f;*4 #bj4 444 ,qx,q #ba4 ,px,q ,,kr-,k#a #bb4 ,b-,kt#d ,,kr-,k#a w\ld n prev5t ! entry ( ! ,black ,rook3 ,kt-,b#g2 #bc4 ,rx,rch1 ,rx,r2 #bd4 ,r-,,qb#a1 ,r-,k#g2 #be4 ,b-,kt#d1 ,r-,q#g4 ,black w\ld w9 ! pawn back & might ev5 succe$ 9 ! end-game ) a ,knight aga9/ a ,bi%op4 #bb4 444 ,r-,q#c #bc4 ,,kr-,k#a ,rx,r #bd4 ,rx,r ,r-,q,kt#c ,black %\ld fir/ play 8 ,k+ to ,,kb#c1 & keep ! ,rook away f 8 ,k#e4 ,n t ! ,,qp is ( p>am\nt importance2 ! ,q,kt,p fully makes up = its loss4 ,b z play$ ! ,knight is driv5 f 8 dom9at+ position1 & ! badly plac$ ,bi%op gets into play4 ,no d\bt ev5 aft] ! text move ! end+ is mo/ difficult1 & x requires ,rub9/e9's full p[]s to br+ x to a successful issue4 #be4 ,r-,k#e ,rx,p #bf4 ,rx,p ,kt-,b#c #bg4 ,b-,k#f;* ,k-,b#a #bh4 ,r-,b#e;* ,k-,k#a #bi4 ,b-,b#g;* ,k-,q#b #cj4 ,b-,b#d ,p-,,qr#c ,black's only *ance is 8 extra pawn on ! ,q side4 ,to ex*ange ! ,kt = ! ,b by #cj4 444 ,k-,q#c2 #ca4 ,r-,b #g1 ,kt-,k#d2 #cb4 ,rx,k,kt,p1 ,ktx,b w\ld take too mu* "t :]e "t is all-important4 ,:ite w\ld cle> ! ,k side 9 ! meantime1 pu% on 8 ,,krp1 & ultimately give up 8 ,r = ,black's rema9+ ,p1 z soon z ! latt] runs into ,que51 aft] :i* ! ?ree pass$ pawns w9 easily aga9/ ! ,rook4 ,g5]ally speak+ x is wise1 9 ,r end+s l ! pres5t "o1 to advance pawns on ! side :]e !re is an extra pawn1 9 ord] to get a pass$ pawn z soon z possible4 ,!n ! ho/ile ,rook has to look aft] t pawn le/ x %\ld que51 & ! great] mobility ( "o's own ,rook (t5 saves ! game ev5 :5 oppos$ by a prepond]ance ( pawns4 #ca4 ,r-,b#g;* ,k-,q#c #cb4 ,rx,k,kt,p ,p-,kt#d #cc4 ,b-,kt#h ,p-,,qr#d #cd4 ,rx,p ,p-,r#e #ce4 ,p-,r#d ,p-,kt#e #cf4 ,r-,r#f;* ,k-,b#d #cg4 ,r-,r#e;* ,k-,kt#c #ch4 ,b-,q#e ,p-,kt#f ,rx,p is tempt+ b unavail+1 z ,:ite plays ,b-,b#d foll[$ by ,r-,kt#e;* & ,p-,r#e-f1 etc4 ,aft] ! text move ,:ite has a problem- l cont9uation1 :i* he has work$ out ) great accuracy4 #ci4 ,px,p ,p-,r#f #dj4 ,bx,kt ,if n[ ,p-,r#g1 ,:ite simply plays #da4 ,r-,kt#e;*1 ,k-,r#c2 #db4 ,r-,kt#h-,r#h4 #dj4 444 ,rx,kt,p #da4 ,b-,q#e ,p-,r#g #db4 ,r-,r#f;* ,resigns4 ,z ! ,r holds ! ,,rp1 e4g4 ,k-,r#d2 #dc4 ,b-,b#d foll[$ by ,r-,r#f;* or #db4 444 ,k-,r#b2 #dc4 ,r-,r#h1 etc4 ,,game ,,no4 #da ,:ite3 ,niemz[its*4 ,black3 ,t>ras*4 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,,qb#d #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,k#c #d4 ,p-,k#c ,kt-,,kb#c #e4 ,b-,q#c ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,ca/les ,b-,q#c #g4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,ca/les #h4 ,b-,kt#b ,p-,q,kt#c #i4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,b-,kt#b #aj4 ,r-,b#a ,q-,k#b #aa4 ,px,q,p ,! mo/ natural move to :i* ! developm5t ( ! ,q,kt at ,q#b in/ead ( ,b#c w\ld seem to lead is ,kt-,k#e foll[$ by ,p-,b#d4 ,aft] #aa4 ,kt-,k#e ,black c\ld n yet attempt #aa4 444 ,px,q,p2 #ab4 ,k,px,p1 ,b- ,r#f1 weak5+ ! ,,qp1 because ( #ac4 ,bx,b1 ,qx,b2 #ad4 ,px,p1 ,ktx,kt2 #ae4 ,px,kt1 ,ktx,p2 #af4 ,kt-,b#d & ,kt-,q#f4 #aa4 444 ,k,px,p #ab4 ,kt-,r#d ,9 ord] to provoke ,black's weak5+ move3 ,p-,kt#c1 :i* might give ,:ite *ances ( attack on ! long diagonal ,,qr#a-,,kr#h1 ,:ite gives up two cle> moves4 ,black is able to get consid]ably ahead 9 8 developm5t1 mu* to ,:ite's disadvantage4 #ab4 444 ,p-,kt#c #ac4 ,k,kt-,b#c ,,qr-,q sq ,n ,kt-,k#e yet1 on acc\nt ( #ad4 ,px,p1 ,px,p82 #ae4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #af4 ,ktx,p4 #ad4 ,px,p ,:ite's position is uncom=table1 & a satisfactory cont9uation is h>d to f9d4 ,possibly passive resi/ance might h be5 ! be/ plan1 ?us3 ,q-,k#b1 ,,kr-,q#a1 ,kt-,b#a-,kt#c4 ,! text move is a prelim9>y to op]ations on ! ,que5's side1 b all[s ,black too mu* scope 9 ! c5tre4 #ad4 444 ,px,p #ae4 ,b-,kt#e ,:ite wi%es to get rid ( ! ,black ,knight :i* supports ! advance ( ,p-,q#e4 #ae4 444 ,kt-,k#e #af4 ,bx,kt ,bx,b #ag4 ,q-,b#b ,:ite has no idea ( ! ?reat5$ disa/]1 or he w\ld h play$ ,p-,k,kt#c4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 ,black has ! bett] game ) two ,bi%ops1 & ! ,q & ,kt bett] plac$4 #ag4 444 ,ktx,kt ,! beg9n+ ( a brilliant mat+ comb9ation4 #ah4 ,ktx,kt ,p-,q#e6 ,black w\ld h play$ ! same move if ,:ite _h retak5 ) ! ,que54 #ai4 ,px,p ,p-,k#d 0 comp>atively ! be/ move1 al?\gh ,black's attack w\ld h become ov]:elm+ aft] ,p-,b#d1 e4g4 #bj4 ,p-,b#c1 ,b-,b#e1 etc4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,b ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,q ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aei #ai4 444 ,bx,pch66 #bj4 ,kx,b ,q-,r#e;* #ba4 ,k-,kt#a ,bx,p6 ,emanuel ,lask] won a celebrat$ game f ,bau] 7,am/]dam1 #ahhi7 ) a simil> sacrifice ( two ,bi%ops1 & v likely ?is is ! reason :y ,t>ras*'s beautiful game only e>n$ him ! second brilliancy prize at ,petrograd 7#aiad74 #bb4 ,p-,b#c ,if ,kx,b1 !n ,q-,kt#e;*2 #bc4 ,k-,r#a1 ,r-,q#d2 #bd4 ,qx,p1 ,r-,r#d;*2 #be4 ,qx,r1 ,qx,qch2 #bf4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,q-,kt#d;* & ,qx,kt4 #bb4 444 ,,kr-,k#a ,n ,q-,kt#f1 because ( ,kt-,k#d4 #bc4 ,kt-,k#d ,q-,r#h;* #bd4 ,k-,b#b ,bx,r #be4 ,p-,q#e ,p-,b#d #bf4 ,q-,b#c ,q-,kt#g;* #bg4 ,k-,k#c ,rx,ktch6 #bh4 ,px,r ,p-,b#e;* ,) ,q-,kt#f;* ,black mates two moves e>li]4 #bi4 ,kx,p ,r-,b#a;* #cj4 ,k-,k#e ,q-,r#g;* #ca4 ,k-,k#f ,r-,k#a;* ,resigns4 ,if ,k-,q#g1 ,b-,kt#d mate1 if ,k-,b#f1 ,q-,r#e mate4 ,,footnote3 ,emanuel ,lask]-,bau]3 #a4 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,p-,q#d2 #b4 ,p-,k#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #c4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,p-,k#c2 #d4 ,b-,kt#b1 ,b-,k#b2 #e4 ,b-,q#c1 ,p-,q,kt#c2 #f4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,b- ,kt#b2 #g4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,q,kt-,q#b2 #h4 ,ca/les1 ,ca/les2 #i4 ,kt-,k#b1 ,p-,b#d2 #aj4 ,kt-,kt#c1 ,q-,b#b2 #aa4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,ktx,kt2 #ab4 ,bx,kt1 ,q-,b#c2 #ac4 ,q-,k#b1 ,p-,,qr#c2 #ad4 ,kt-,r#e1 ,ktx,kt2 #ae4 ,bx,pch661 ,kx,b2 #af4 ,qx,ktch1 ,k-,kt#a2 #ag4 ,bx,p61 ,kx,b2 #ah4 ,q-,kt#d;*1 ,k-,r#b2 #ai4 ,r-,b#c1 ,p-,k#d2 #bj4 ,r-,r#c;*1 ,q-,r#c2 #ba4 ,rx,q1 ,kx,r2 #bb4 ,q-,q#g1 & ,:ite won4 ,,game ,no4 #db ,:ite3 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,alje*94 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$ 7see pp4 #eg & #eh74 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,p-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,k#c ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,k#c #e4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,q,kt-,q#b #f4 ,b-,q#c ,b-,k#b #g4 ,ca/les ,ca/les #h4 ,q-,b#b --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,q ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afj ,black's difficulty is ! developm5t ( 8 ,,qb1 p>ticul>ly aft] ,:ite's la/ move1 :i* prev5ts ,p-,k#d4 ,if n[ ,q-,b#b ,:ite plays #i4 ,p-,k#d & ei!r ! ,que5 or ! ,knight be> on ,k#e1 e4g4 #i4 444 ,px,k,p2 #aj4 ,ktx,p1 ,p-,k#d2 #aa4 ,q,kt-,kt#e1 ,b-,q#c2 #ab4 ,p-,b#e1 etc4 ,black !re=e mu/ develop 8 ,,qb at ,kt#b ) ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,b-,kt#b & ,p-,b#d4 ,hav+ mov$ ! ,,qbp twice1 ,black is a move beh9d ! developm5t usual 9 ?is op5+4 ,h[ev]1 x w\ld h be5 ! less] evil4 ,9 ! pres5t game ! ,bi%op does n get into play 9 "t4 #h4 444 ,px,p #i4 ,ktx,p ,p-,b#d #aj4 ,q,kt-,k#e ,px,p #aa4 ,px,p ,kt-,kt#c #ab4 ,kt-,kt#e ,if ,black captures ! pawn1 ,:ite ga9s "t by ?reat5+ ! ,que51 & br+s all 8 =ces into play1 :il/ ! ,black ,que5's side rema9s undevelop$1 e4g43 #ab4 444 ,qx,p2 #ac4 ,r-,q#a1 ,q-,b#d2 #ad4 ,kt-,kt#d1 ,p-,kt#c2 #ae4 ,b-,k#c1 ,q-,r#d2 #af4 ,r-,b#a1 ) a /rong attack4 ,black ( c\rse ne$ n take ! pawn1 b ! move 9 ! text is a valuable "o nev]!less1 z ! ?reat ,q-,b#c-,r#c provokes a weak5+ pawn move4 #ab4 444 ,p-,kt#c #ac4 ,k,kt-,b#c ,k-,kt#b prev5t+ ! entry ( ! ,b at ,r#f4 #ad4 ,b-,k,kt#e ,q,kt-,q#d #ae4 ,,qr-,b#a ,b-,q#b #af4 ,q-,q#b ,kt-,kt#a ,x %\ld be not$ h[ ! weakness at ,,kr#c acts to ! detrim5t ( ,black's game4 ,! text move cov]s ! weak squ>e1 b at ! same "t br+s ! ,kt out ( play4 ,:ite 9 consequ5ce gets ! upp]-h& on ! ,que5's side1 & ! ,knight _c return 9 "t4 #ag4 ,bx,b ,qx,b ,x w\ld be no use tak+ ) ! ,k,kt1 z ! ?reat ,kt-,kt#d & ,q-,r#f mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,if ! o!r ,kt captures !re foll[s3 #ah4 ,b-,k#d1 ,r-,kt#a2 #ai4 ,r-,b#c & ,,kr-,b#a4 #ah4 ,b-,k#d ,b-,kt#d ,?is drives ! ,rook to a bett] squ>e1 b already n[ !re is no satisfactory move4 ,x w\ld p]haps h be5 be/ to p>ry ! ?reat ( ,bx,kt & ,r-,b#g by play+ ,q-,q#c1 al?\gh ! pawn w\ld h to recapture aft] #ai4 ,bx,kt1 because ( #bj4 ,r-,b#e & ,,kr-,b#a4 ,! *ance ( be>+ on ! ,,qp ?r\gh ! op5 file1 :i* 0 probably ,black's int5tion all along1 w\ld !n be lo/4 ,aft] ! text move1 h[ev]1 ,:ite takes possession ( ! sev5? rank1 & ,black's game collapses quickly4 #ai4 ,,kr-,k#a ,q-,q#c #bj4 ,bx,kt ,px,b #ba4 ,q-,r#e ,p-,,qr#c #bb4 ,q-,b#g ,qx,q #bc4 ,rx,q ,p-,r#c ,kt-,kt#e & ,kt-,k#f;* 0 ?reat5$4 #bd4 ,rx,p ,,qr-,b#a #be4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,r-,b#g #bf4 ,p-,,qr#d ,b-,k#g #bg4 ,kt-,r#d6 ,p-,,kr#d ,! ,kt,p _c be sav$4 #bh4 ,k,ktx,p ,r-,k#a #bi4 ,rx,pch ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #dc ,:ite3 ,capablanca4 ,black3 ,b]n/e94 ,que5's ,gambit ,decl9$4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,k#c #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,q,kt-,q#b #e4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #f4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,b#c #g4 ,b-,q#c ,px,p ,be=e initiat+ ?is manuvre1 :i* aims at ! developm5t ( ! ,que5's w+1 ,black %\ld ca/le1 z o!rwise ! ,k+ is expos$ to dang]\s & imm$iate attacks 9 ! c5tre4 #h4 ,bx,b,p ,p-,kt#d #i4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,,qr#c ,! sy/em ( op5+ *os5 by ,black has be5 tri$ frequ5tly ( late4 ,x seems to be some:at artificial1 z ! ,,qb ,pawn takes two moves to get to 8 f\r?4 ,on ! o!r h& ! pawn =mation at ,,qr#c1 ,q,kt#d1 & ,,qb#d is atta9$1 :il/ x c be prev5t$ 9 o!r v>iations1 e4g4 #f4 444 ,ca/les2 #g4 ,b-,q#c1 ,px,p2 #h4 ,bx,p1 ,p-,,qr#c2 #i ,p-,,qr#d4 #aj4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,kt ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afa ,black's only plausible move "h seems to be ,p-,b#d1 & _m critics h rem>k$ t aft] #aa4 ,p-,k#e1 ,px,p62 #ab4 ,kt-,k#d 7if ,px,kt1 ,px,kt7 ,ktx,kt2 #ac4 ,bx,kt1 ,r-,q,kt#a2 #ad4 ,bx,b1 ,qx,b2 #ae4 ,qx,p1 ,q-,b#d2 ! game w\ld h be5 ev54 ,h[ev]1 ?is is n ! case1 = on ! #ae? move ,:ite does n capture ! pawn ) ! ,q b ) ! ,kt & ,black has no satisfactory cont9uation4 ,if he _h ca/l$ he c\ld play l#e4 444 ,b-,kt#b :i* n[ is n available because (3 #af4 ,kt-,b#f1 ,bx,kt2 #ag4 ,bx,b1 ) an ov]:elm+ advantage 9 position = ,:ite4 ,:ite's refutation ( ! text move is above criticism4 #aa4 ,px,p ,kt-,kt#e #ab4 ,b-,,kb#d ,b-,b#d ,if ,q-,b#b1 ,:ite w\ld play ,r-,b#a1 aft] :i* ,black c\ld n recapture ! ,,kp yet1 z ! ,,qbp is en prise4 #ac4 444 ,k,ktx,p2 #ad4 ,ktx,kt1 ,ktx,kt2 #ae4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,q-,q#c2 #af4 ,bx,kt1 ,qx,b2 #ai4 ,rx,p1 etc4 #ac4 ,ca/les ,q-,b#b #ad4 ,r-,b#a ,p-,b#c ,aga9 ,ktx,p is n feasible on acc\nt ( ! loss ( ! ,,qbp1 z c be easily se54 #ae4 ,b-,kt#c ,px,p ,black's game _c be sav$4 ,if l#e4 444 ,kt7,kt#e7x,k,p !re foll[s #af4 ,ktx,kt1 ,ktx,kt2 #ag4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,q-,q#c2 #ah4 ,bx,kt1 ,px,b2 #ai4 ,rx,b1 or #af4 444 ,px,kt2 #ag4 ,q-,r#e;*1 ,p-,kt#c1 #ah4 ,q-,r#f4 #af4 ,p-,kt#d6 ,n[ ,:ite initiates a brilliant attack1 driv+ x home )\t giv+ ,black a mom5t's re/4 ,if ,black takes ! pawn1 ,:ite plays ,kt-,q#d1 ) _m ?reats1 e4g4 ,p-,b#d2 #ah4 ,kt-,q#e1 ,q-,q#c2 #ai4 ,kt-,k#f1 or l#g4 444 ,kt7,kt#e7-;,b#c2 #ah4 ,kt-,k#f1 etc4 #af4 444 ,b-,r#b #ag4 ,bx,kt,p ,! sacrifice is fairly obvi\s1 z ,:ite obta9s ?ree pawns = ! piece1 & moreov] drives ! ,k+ into ! field ( battle4 ,h[ev]1 ?is does n detract f ! beauty ( ! game1 :i* is full ( brilliant phases4 #ag4 444 ,r,px,b #ah4 ,ktx,kt,p ,q-,q#a ,or ,q-,kt#c2 #ai4 ,kt-,q#f;*1 ,k-,k#b2 #bj4 ,kt-,b#e;*1 foll[$ by ,q-,q#f4 #ai4 ,kt-,q#f;* ,k-,b#a #bj4 ,rx,p ,kt-,kt#c ,! ?reat 03 #ba4 ,q-,q#e1 ,kt-,r#c2 #bb4 ,ktx,b1 ,rx,kt2 #bc4 ,r-,q#f1 etc4 #bj4 444 ,kt7,q#b7-;,b#c is ( no avail because ( #ba4 ,q-,kt#c1 ,kt-,r#c2 #bb4 ,ktx,p1 or #ba4 444 ,q-,q#b2 #bb4 ,,kr-,b#a1 etc4 #ba4 ,b-,r#d ,q-,q#b #bb4 ,ktx,b6 ,qx,r ,n ,rx,kt because ( #bc4 ,qx,q4 ,n[ ,black is a :ole ,rook ahead4 ,b x is z mu* out ( play z 8 ,que5's side pieces4 ,! ,k+ is driv5 into a mat+ net by ! conc5tration ( sup]ior ,:ite =ces1 & only escapes by giv+ up ! extra piece4 #bc4 ,q-,q#h;* ,q-,k#a #bd4 ,b-,k#g;* ,k-,b#b #be4 ,kt-,q#f;* ,k-,kt#c #bf4 ,kt-,r#d;* ,k-,r#d ,if ,k-,r#c !re foll[s mate 9 ?ree by #bg4 ,kt7,q#f7-;,b#e;*2 #bh4 ,kt- ,kt#c;*2 #bi4 ,b-,kt#e mate4 #bg4 ,ktx,q ,rx,q #bh4 ,ktx,pch ,k-,r#c #bi4 ,kt7,kt#g7-;,b#e;* ,k-,r#d #cj4 ,p-,,kr#c6 ,?is ?reat5s #ca4 ,px,ktch1 ,kx,p2 #cb4 ,p-,b#c;*1 foll[$ by ,p-,kt#c or ,kt#d mate4 ,if ,black plays #cj4 ,,qr-,k,kt#a1 ,:ite w9s z foll[s3 #ca4 ,px,ktch1 ,rx,p2 #cb4 ,p-,b#c1 ,kt-,b#a;*2 #cc4 ,k-,r#b1 ,ktx,b2 #cd4 ,px,rch1 ,kx,p2 #ce4 ,ktx,kt1 ,k x ,kt2 #cf4 ,r-,b#g4 ,if #cj4 444 ,kt-,r#c2 #ca4 ,kt-,kt#g mate4 #cj4 444 ,kt-,b#a #ca4 ,px,ktch ,kx,p #cb4 ,bx,r ,rx,b #cc4 ,p-,kt#c ,r-,q#g #cd4 ,k-,kt#b ,r-,k#g #ce4 ,p-,r#d ,kt-,kt#c #cf4 ,kt-,k#c;* ,k-,r#d #cg4 ,p-,r#e ,kt-,q#b #ch4 ,kt7,r#d7-;,b#e ,kt-,b#c #ci4 ,p-,kt#e ,b-,q#e #dj4 ,k-,b#c ,r-,r#g #da4 ,p-,r#f ,b-,r#b #db4 ,r-,b#a ,r-,kt#g #dc4 ,p-,kt#d;* ,k-,kt#d #dd4 ,r-,b#g ,rx,pch #de4 ,kx,r ,ktx,kt,pch #df4 ,k-,b#c ,resigns4 ,,game ,,no4 #dd ,:ite3 ,dus ,*otimirski4 ,black3 ,vidm>4 ,que5's ,pawn ,game4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,,qb#d #c4 ,p-,b#c ,p-,k#c #d4 ,b-,b#d ,we h se5 on page #ee t ,black c h>dly develop 8 ,,qb )\t disadvantage4 ,:ite1 h[ev]1 has no difficulty 9 do+ s1 z 8 ,,qp is protect$1 & aft] ,black's ,q-,kt#c he has only to look aft] 8 ,kt,p4 ,he c\ld play ,q-,b#a1 :i* might br+ ! ,q into effective action on ! diagonal to ,r#f4 ,! aim ( ! text move is ! e>ly occupation ( ,k#e4 ,b1 z ! pres5t game %[s1 ?is _c be effect$4 ,black mu/ n wa/e "t ) ,q-,kt#c1 b play ,b-,q#c at once4 #d4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,p-,k#c ,kt-,b#c #f4 ,q,kt-,q#b ,b-,q#c #g4 ,b-,kt#c ,ca/les #h4 ,kt-,k#e ,bx,kt6 #i4 ,px,b ,kt-,q#b ,n[ ,:ite has no means ( ma9ta9+ 8 c5tre4 ,:e!r he supports ! pawn ) ,kt-,b#c or ,p-,,kb#d1 ,black =ces matt]s ) ,p-,b#c4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,q ,k ,b ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afb ,n[ t ! idea und]ly+ ,:ite's op5+ /rategy has prov$ impracticable1 he has difficulty 9 =mulat+ a plan4 ,mak+ ! be/ ( a bad job1 he ab&ons 8 ,,kp 9 ex*ange = ,black's ,,krp4 ,b ,black obta9s a p[]ful pawn c5tre1 a tell+ advantage4 #aj4 ,b-,q#c ,k,ktx,p #aa4 ,bx,kt ,ktx,b #ab4 ,bx,pch ,kx,b #ac4 ,q-,r#e;* ,k-,kt#a #ad4 ,qx,kt ,p-,b#c #ae4 ,q-,r#e ,q-,kt#c ,black wi%es to provoke ! advance ( ! ,q,kt,p & ,,qbp 9 ord] to obta9 a pass$ pawn 7#af4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,p-,k#d2 #ag4 ,ca/les ,,kr1 ,q-,r#d2 #ah4 ,p-,,qb#d1 ,p-,q#e74 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is cont9uation1 ,:ite takes 8 *ance ( ca/l+ on ! ,que5's side4 ,?is turns out to ,black's advantage4 ,inde$ x is a =egone conclusion4 ,9 ! ensu+ d\ble assault by pawns1 ,black is sev]al moves ahead1 z ! ,:ite pawns conc]n$ 9 ! attack are /ill on _! orig9al squ>es4 #af4 ,ca/les ,,qr ,p-,k#d #ag4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,p-,q#e #ah4 ,p-,,qb#d ,b-,q#b #ai4 ,p-,kt#e ,px,kt,p #bj4 ,qx,p ,rx,p #ba4 ,px,p ,b,px,p6 ,f9ely play$4 ,black gives up 8 ,,kp 9 ord] to get 8 ,,qr into play ) ! ga9 ( a move4 #bb4 ,qx,p ,r-,k#a #bc4 ,q-,kt#c ,,qr-,k#g #bd4 ,,kr-,k#a ,,kr-,kt#a w\ld also be ( no avail because ( ,q-,,kr#c1 #be4 ,q-,q#c1 ,q- ,,kb#c ?reat5+ ,b-,b#d4 ,! move 9 ! text puts an end to ! agony4 #bd4 444 ,rx,kt66 ,resigns4 ,= aft] #be4 ,rx,r1 ,rx,r2 #bf4 ,kx,r1 ,qx,pch2 #bg4 ,k-,q#c1 ,b-,b#d;*2 #bh4 ,r- ,k#d1 ,q-,b#f;*2 #bi4 ,k-,k#b1 ,qx,q2 ,black rema9s ) an extra piece4 ,,game ,no4 #de ,:ite3 ,rub9/e94 ,black3 ,spielmann4 ,irregul> ,op5+4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,,qb#d ,) ?is move ,black tries to avoid well-trodd5 pa?s ( t\rnam5t practice4 ,:ite c1 at w1 lead into a peaceful ,que5's ,gambit by #b4 ,p-,k#c or into a ,sicilian ,def5ce by ,p-,k#d4 ,x is m usual1 h[ev]1 to play ,p-,q#e1 :i* blocks up ! ,black c5tre to "s ext5t4 ,if #b4 ,px,p1 ,black rega9s 8 pawn aft] ,p-,k#c )\t any disadvantage4 #b4 ,p-,q#e ,p-,q#c #c4 ,p-,,qb#d ,c\pl$ ) #d4 ,p-,k#d1 ?is move is ( d\btful value1 z ,black ga9s comm& ( ,:ite's ,q#d4 ,x is advisable to keep ! ,,qbp back1 ?us reta9+ ! option ( driv+ (f a ho/ile piece f ,q#d by ,p-,,qb#c4 ,moreov]1 ! ,:ite ,,kb is hemm$ 9 by ! pawn at ,,qb#d4 #c4 444 ,p-,k,kt#c #d4 ,p-,k#d ,b-,kt#b #e4 ,b-,q#c ,p-,k#c ,! developm5t ( ! ,k,kt is n desirable at ,b#c1 :]e x w\ld block ! long diagonal4 ,f ,k#b1 h[ev]1 x comm&s ,,kb#d1 :]e x c take up a /rong position aft] ! ex*ange ( pawns 9 ! c5tre1 or else x c support ! advance ( ! ,,kbp4 #f4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,k#b #g4 ,k,kt-,k#b ,kt-,b#c w\ld h be5 slightly bett]1 because ! ,black ,q,kt might play to 8 ,k#d4 #g4 444 ,px,p #h4 ,k,px,p ,kt-,q#b #i4 ,p-,b#d ,?is move weak5s ! ,k+'s position1 & w\ld be ju/ifi$ only if !re 0 a possibility ( op5+ ! file = ! ,rook by ,p-,b#e4 ,b ,black has too /rong a hold on 8 ,,kb#d4 ,! text move aims at prev5t+ ! ex*ange ( ,:ite's ,,kb ?r\gh ,black's ,kt-,k#d4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] to )draw ! ,b to ,b#b4 #i4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c #aj4 ,kt-,kt#c ,p-,,kr#d6 ,n[ ,:ite _c en=ce ,p-,b#e1 z ,black c attack ! ,knight by ,p-,r#e4 ,:ite _c prev5t ?is ) ,p-,,kr#d1 z ! ,black ,knight w\ld take up a comm&+ position at ,kt#e4 ,black's game is sup]ior4 ,he c conc5trate all 8 m9or pieces on ! ,k+'s w+1 :ile ,:ite's ,,qb is ineffective on acc\nt ( ! ill- consid]$ advance ( ! ,,kbp4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,kt ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,kt ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,b ,q ,k ,r --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afc #aa4 ,ca/les ,p-,r#e #ab4 ,k,kt-,k#d ,ktx,kt #ac4 ,bx,kt ,:ite has to capture ) ! ,b1 9 ord] to ex*ange ! ,black ,knight if x %\ld play to ,b#d4 ,aft] #ac4 ,ktx,kt1 ,b-,q#e;*2 #ad4 ,k- ,r#a1 ,kt-,b#d2 ,:ite's ,knight w\ld n be able to move f ,k#d on acc\nt ( ! ?reat3 ,kt-,kt#f;*4 ,soon] or lat]1 ,black w\ld get a decid+ advantage by en=c+ ! ex*ange ( ,:ite's ,knight1 e4g4 #ae4 ,q-,k#a1 ,q-,k#b2 #af4 ,r-,q,kt#a1 ,b-,q#b2 #ag4 ,p-,q,kt#c1 ,ca/les ,,qr2 #ah4 ,b-,kt#b1 ,qx,kt2 #ai4 ,bx,q1 ,kt-,kt#f;*2 #bj4 ,qx,kt1 ,px,q2 #ba4 ,p-,,kr#c1 ,bx,p2 #bb4 ,px,b1 ,rx,pch2 #bc4 ,k-,kt#b1 ,r-,r#g;*2 #bd4 ,kx,p1 ,rx,b2 or #ba4 ,bx,b1 ,rx,pch1 foll[$ by ,px,b & ,,qr-,r#a4 #ac4 444 ,b-,q#e;* #ad4 ,k-,r#a ,kt-,b#d #ae4 ,bx,kt ,bx,b ,:ite is helpless aga9/ ! two p[]ful ,bi%ops4 #af4 ,r-,k#a;* ,k-,b#a ,black =feits 8 *ance ( ca/l+1 n a great loss "u ! circum/ances4 ,9 any case 8 ,,kr is ne$$ on ! ,rook's file1 & ,black w\ld only h ca/l$ on ! ,que5's side if at all4 #ag4 ,q-,b#c ,"h ,p-,,kr#c 0 ess5tial 9 ord] to prev5t ! fur!r advance ( ! ,,krp4 ,! weakness at ,kt#c w\ld n h be5 s s]i\s 9 ! abs5ce ( a ,black ,knight4 ,n[ ,black =ces ! advance ( ,:ite's ,k,kt,p1 & ! ,bi%ops become imm$iately effective4 #ag4 444 ,p-,r#f #ah4 ,p-,k,kt#c n ,p-,k,kt#d on acc\nt ( ,q-,r#e4 #ah4 444 ,q-,q#b #ai4 ,b-,q#b ,b-,kt#e #bj4 ,q-,b#a ,if ,q-,q#c1 ,black plays ,q-,b#d & ,:ite _c ex*ange ,que5s because ( ,b-,b#f mate4 #bj4 444 ,q-,b#d ?reat5+ ,q-,b#g4 #ba4 ,,qr-,b#a ,k-,kt#b #bb4 ,b-,k#c ,b-,b#c ,black mu/ n ex*ange 8 valuable ,bi%op4 #bc4 ,p-,kt#c ,,kr-,k#a #bd4 ,b-,b#b ,!re is no answ] to ,black's ?reat ( d\bl+ ! ,rooks on ! ,k file4 ,if ,:ite plays ,q-,b#b1 ,black's ,que5 effects an entry at ,q#f1 aft] :i* he w\ld d\ble 8 ,rooks1 & ,:ite's ,bi%op _c be def5d$4 ,aft] ! text move1 ,black =ces ! ex*ange ( 8 two ,rooks = ! ,que54 ,g5]ally speak+1 ?is is no disadvantage1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! expos$ position ( ! ,:ite ,k+1 x means a spe$y loss = ,:ite4 #bd4 444 ,b-,b#f;* #be4 ,k-,kt#a ,b-,kt#g #bf4 ,rx,r ,bx,q #bg4 ,rx,r ,q-,q#f6 ,if n[ ,rx,b ,black plays ,q-,b#f4 #bh4 ,r-,k#h ,9 ord] to play ,r-,k#c if ,black plays ,bx,kt4 #bh4 444 ,q-,b#f6 #bi4 ,kx,b ,q-,r#h;* #cj4 ,b-,kt#a ,q-,kt#g;* #ca4 ,k-,k#a ,qx,bch #cb4 ,k-,q#b ,qx,pch ,resigns = ! pawn que5s4 ,,game ,,no4 #df ,:ite3 ,g4 ,a4 ,?omas4 ,black3 ,ed4 ,lask]4 ,irregul> ,op5+ 7comp>e ,game ,no4 #de74 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,,qb#d #b4 ,p-,q#e ,p-,q#c #c4 ,p-,,qb#d ,p-,k,kt#c #d4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,b-,kt#b #e4 ,b-,q#b ,?is is n necess>y4 ,black c\ld h>dly ex*ange 8 ,b = ! ,kt2 ! weakness at 8 ,,kb#c & ,,kr#c w\ld become too s]i\s a disadvantage4 #e4 444 ,p-,k#c #f4 ,p-,k#d ,px,p #g4 ,ktx,p6 ,9 view ( ! fact t ,black's position aft] ,,bp or ,k,px,p w\ld be v promis+1 z all 8 pieces w\ld be easy to br+ into play1 ,:ite decides ^u ! sacrifice ( a pawn1 9 ord] to fur!r 8 own developm5t4 #g4 444 ,bx,p #h4 ,r-,kt#a ,b-,kt#b #i4 ,q-,r#d;* ,kt-,b#c #aj4 ,k,kt-,b#c ,kt-,kt#f1 ,r-,kt sq2 #aa4 ,b-,r#e leads to no?+1 z ,black plays #ab4 ,,qk#b4 #aj4 444 ,p-,,kr#c ,if ,black plays ,k,kt-,k#b at once1 8 position becomes some:at cramp$ aft] #aa4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,ca/les2 #ab4 ,kt-,b#f;*1 ,k-,r#a2 #ac4 ,q-,q#a4 #aa4 ,b-,q#c ,kt-,k#b #ab4 ,ca/les ,ca/les #ac4 ,q-,b#b ,p-,kt#c ,?is all[s ! developm5t ( ! ,,qb4 #ad4 ,b-,b#c ,ktx,kt #ae4 ,k,px,kt ,kt-,k#d --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,q ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,p ,p ,b --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,b ,b ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,q ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afd ,kt-,k#b %\ld h be5 play$ "h 9 ord] to play ,bx,b2 #ag4 ,qx,b1 ,b-,kt#e ) ,kt-,b#d1 9 answ] to #af4 ,q-,kt#b4 ,black is /ill op5 to attack 9 consequ5ce ( 8 brok5 ,k+'s side1 b !re is no demon/rable advantage = ,:ite4 ,! text move is a mi/ake1 & gives ,:ite *ances ( a decisive attack4 #af4 ,ktx,kt ,bx,kt #ag4 ,bx,b ,px,b #ah4 ,bx,p6 ,q-,kt#d ,( c\rse n ,px,b1 on acc\nt ( #ai4 ,qx,pch1 ,k-,r#a2 #bj4 ,qx,pch1 ,k- ,kt#a2 #ba4 ,r-,kt#c1 etc4 #ah4 444 ,p-,b#d fails because ( #ai4 ,r-,kt#c4 #ai4 ,b-,k#d ,p-,b#d #bj4 ,p-,b#d66 ,?is elegant cont9uation decides ! game4 ,if ,px,p1 ,:ite simply plays #ba4 ,b-,q#c1 & ,black c h>dly hope to save ! end-game1 z 8 pawns are brok5 up4 ,if ! ,que5 retreats1 h[ev]1 !re foll[s3 #ba4 ,px,p1 & ,:ite obta9s two pass$ pawns = ! ,b & has ! sup]ior position4 #bj4 444 ,q-,kt#b #ba4 ,px,p ,,pxb #bb4 ,rx,rch ,qx,r #bc4 ,r-,,kb#a ,q-,kt#b #bd4 ,qx,p ,q-,kt#e #be4 ,r-,b#d ,q-,q#h;* #bf4 ,k-,b#b ,q-,q#e;* #bg4 ,qx,q ,px,q #bh4 ,p-,k#f ,b-,r#c #bi4 ,rx,p ,r-,b#a;* ,if ,k-,b#a1 #cj4 ,p-,q#f4 #cj4 ,k-,k#c ,r-,b#c #ca4 ,k-,k#d ,r-,b#g #cb4 ,p-,q#f ,r-,k#g;* ,he might play ,k-,q#e1 aft] :i* ,b-,kt#b;* has po9ts4 #cc4 ,k-,q#c ,resigns4 ,,game ,no4 #dg ,:ite3 ,t>tak[]4 ,black3 ,asztalos4 ,dut* ,op5+4 #a4 ,p-,,kb#d ,p-,q#d ,x has be5 tri$ to refute ,:ite's non-develop+ fir/ move by a pawn sacrifice3 #a4 444 ,p-,k#d2 :i* leads to a rapid mobilisation ( ! ,black =ces aft] #b4 ,px,p1 ,p-,q#c2 #c4 ,px,p1 ,bx,p4 ,b ?is attack--call$ ! ,f ,gambit--does n seem to prevail aga9/ ! be/ def5ce4 ,9 a mat* game1 ,t>tak[]-,spielmann 7,vi5na1 #aiac71 ,:ite won z foll[s3 #d4 ,kt-,,kb#c1 ,p-,k,kt#d2 #e4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,kt#e2 #f4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,kt-,,qb#c2 #g4 ,ktx,kt1 ,px,kt2 #h4 ,p-,k,kt#c1 ,p-,,kr#d2 #i4 ,b-,kt#b1 ,p-,r#e2 #aj4 ,q-,q#c1 ,b-,q#b2 #aa4 ,kt- ,b#c1 ,r-,kt#a2 #ab4 ,ca/les1 ,px,p2 #ac4 ,px,p1 ,p-,,qb#d2 #ad4 ,b-,b#d1 ,bx,b2 #ae4 ,rx,b1 ,q-,kt#d2 #af4 ,kt-,k#d1 ,q-,r#c2 #ag4 ,ktx,p1 ,kt-,b#c2 #ah4 ,ktx,b1 ,ktx,kt2 #ai4 ,q-,k#d;*1 ,k-,q#a2 #bj4 ,rx,b,p1 ,r-,k#a2 #ba4 ,qx,p1 ,q-,k#f;*2 #bb4 ,k-,b#a1 ,resigns4 ,:5 ,black plays ,p-,,kb#d 9 answ] to #a4 ,p-,q#d we h ! ,dut* ,def5ce4 ,aft] #a4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,,kb#d1 ,:ite c also sacrifice a pawn by #b4 ,p-,k#d1 & !reby obta9 a f> m fav\rable position ?an ,black does 9 ,f's gambit1 z he is a move to ! good1 hav+ already advanc$ 8 ,,qp1 e4g4 #b4 ,p-,k#d1 ,px,p2 #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c1 ,kt-,,kb#c2 #d4 ,p-,b#c or #d4 ,b-,kt#e & !n ,p-,b#c4 ,if ,black captures ! ,,kbp1 ,:ite obta9s a p[]ful attack4 ,a dra/ic example is f\nd 9 ! foll[+ little game1 play$ by two /ud5ts 9 an academic t\rnam5t at ,petrograd3 #d4 ,p-,b#c1 ,px,p2 #e4 ,ktx,p1 ,p-,k#c2 #f4 ,b-,k,kt#e1 ,b-,k#b2 #g4 ,b-,q#c1 ,ca/les2 #h4 ,ca/les1 ,p-,q,kt#c2 #i4 ,kt-,k#e1 ,b-,kt#b2 #aj4 ,bx,kt1 ,bx,b2 #aa4 ,bx,pch1 ,kx,b2 #ab4 ,q-,r#e;*1 ,k-,kt#a2 #ac4 ,kt-,kt#f1 ,r-,k#a2 #ad4 ,q-,r#h;*1 ,k-,b#b2 #ae4 ,kt-,k#e;*1 ,k-,k#b2 #af4 ,qx,pch661 ,bx,q2 #ag4 ,r- ,b#g;*1 ,k-,q#c2 #ah4 ,kt-,kt#e;*1 ,k-,q#d2 #ai4 ,p-,b#d;*1 ,k-,k#e2 #bj4 ,r-,k#a mate4 ,black's be/ answ] is to play ,p-,q#d aft] ,:ite's #d4 ,p-,,kb#c 7#e4 ,b-,kt#e1 ,b-,b#d74 ,if #d4 ,b-,kt#e1 x is n yet possible to play ,p-,q#d because ( ! ?reat3 ,bx,kt1 ,q-,r#e;*1 & ,qx,q,p4 ,9 t case ,black mu/ fir/ play ,p-,,qb#c1 aft] :i* ,:ite aga9 obta9s a /rong attack by ,p-,,kb#c4 ,black c avoid ! attacks :i* foll[ aft] #a4 ,p-,q#d1 ,p-,,kb#d2 #b4 ,p-,k#d1 by play+ ,p-,k#c on 8 fir/ move1 & !n lead into ! ,dut* def5ce ) ,p-,,kb#d on 8 second move4 ,he mu/1 h[ev]1 reckon ) hav+ to play ! ,fr5* def5ce :i* ,:ite c br+ ab\t ) #b4 ,p-,k#d4 #b4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,,qb#d #d4 ,p-,q,kt#c ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,b-,kt#e ,kt-,b#c ,black %\ld h play$ ,b-,q#b "h1 z ,:ite c ex*ange at ,b#f1 leav+ ,black ) a d\bl$ pawn4 ,?is 9 itself is n a drawback1 b 9 ! pres5t position x is s]i\s1 z ,black w h difficulty 9 f9d+ a place = 8 ,,qb4 ,= !re is no prospect ( en=c+ ,p-,k#d1 z ,:ite comm&s t squ>e 9 suffici5t =ce4 #f4 ,b-,kt#b ,b-,k#b #g4 ,ca/les ,ca/les #h4 ,bx,q,kt ,px,b #i4 ,kt-,k#e ,q-,b#b #aj4 ,p-,q#c ,p-,,qr#d ,black's attempt ( captur+ 8 ,k#d by play+ ,kt-,q#b & ,p-,b#c1 ,:ite w\ld cross at once ) ,q-,kt#d4 ,) ! text move ,black beg9s op]ations on ! ,q side1 :i* is q correct1 z ,:ite has ! upp] h& on ! o!r w+4 #aa4 ,q-,k#b ,:ite %\ld h prev5t$ ! fur!r advance ( ! ,black ,,rp by #aa4 ,p-,,qr#d4 ,?is w\ld h be5 s\nd policy 9 any case1 z ! ,r file c\ld n h be5 =c$ op5 = ! ,black ,rooks4 #aa4 444 ,p-,r#e #ab4 ,kt-,q#b ,px,p ,premature4 ,! capture is only ( value if ! file c be held4 ,to t end x is fir/ necess>y to play ,b-,kt#b & to occupy ! ,r file ) ,rooks & ,que54 ,aft] ! ex*ange ( ,rooks1 ,black is at a disadvantage = ! end-game because ( ! ineffici5cy ( ! ,,qb4 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,r ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,q ,b ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #d ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #b ,p ,b ,p ,kt ,q ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afe ,if in/ead ( ! text move ,black _h driv5 (f ! ,bi%op to ,b#a ) ,p-,r#f 7#ac4 ,b-,b#c81 ,p-,q#e62 #ad4 ,px,p1 ,kt-,q#d7 he c\ld h en=c$ 8 ,p-,k#d1 b 9 ! long run ,:ite w\ld h captur$ ! ,,qrp1 & rema9$ ) a pass$ pawn on ! ,r file1 a p[]ful weapon = ! end-game1 e4g4 l#b4 444 ,p-,r#f2 #ac4 ,b-,b#a1 ,kt-,q#b2 #ad4 ,ktx,kt1 ,bx,kt2 #ae4 ,p-,k#d1 ,p-,,kb#c2 #af4 ,p-,b#d1 foll[$ by ,kt-,kt#a4 #ac4 ,r,px,p ,rx,r #ad4 ,rx,r ,b-,kt#b #ae4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,! ,black pieces be+ cut (f f ! ,k side1 ,:ite is free to attack4 #ae4 444 ,r-,r#a #af4 ,rx,rch ,bx,r #ag4 ,p-,kt#e ,kt-,q#b #ah4 ,q ,kt-,b#c ,ktx,kt #ai4 ,bx,kt ,q-,r#d #bj4 ,p-,b#d 9 ord] to prev5t ! release ( ! ,b by ! pawn sacrifice ,p- ,b#e & ,p-,b#d4 #bj4 444 ,b-,kt#b #ba4 ,k-,b#b ,k-,b#a #bb4 ,p-,r#d ,b-,r#c #bc4 ,p-,r#e ,b-,kt#b #bd4 ,p-,r#f ,p-,kt#c ,by advanc+ 8 ,,rp ,:ite has weak5$ ,black's ,,kb#c1 ) ! con/ant ?reat ( e/abli%+ 8 ,kt !re & ( captur+ ! ,,rp4 #be4 ,k-,b#a ,?is move is sup]flu\s & probably dictat$ by "t pressure4 ,! prop] plan is3 ,q-,q,kt#b ) ! ?reat ( ,b-,b#g or ,kt#h & ,q- ,r#h;*4 #be4 444 ,q-,r#f #bf4 ,q-,q,kt#b ,! end-game is a cle> w9 = ,:ite4 ,he plays 8 ,kt to ,k,kt#d1 ?reat5+ to rea* ,b#f or ,k#e4 ,! effect is tw(old4 --------------------------------------- #h ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,b ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,p ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,b ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,q ,p ,p ,p ,kt --------------------------------------- #b ,q --------------------------------------- #a ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #aff ,black mu/ keep 8 ,b at ,k#b & 8 ,k mu/ rema9 ne> ! ,,kbp4 ,:ite's ,k+ m>*es to ,q,kt#f & captures ! ,,qb pawns1 que5+ 8 ,q,kt,p4 ,black _c prev5t ! ,:ite ,k+ f do+ ?is by ,b-,q#a1 z ,:ite1 by attack+ ,black's ,,qb#d ) 8 ,b1 c\ld at any "t =ce ! ,b back to 8 ,k#b4 ,! rema9d] ( ! game ne$s no comm5t4 #bf4 444 ,qx,q #bg4 ,bx,q ,b-,q#c #bh4 ,kt-,r#b ,k-,k#a #bi4 ,kt-,kt#d ,b-,k#b #cj4 ,b-,k#e ,k-,q#b #ca4 ,k-,k#b ,k-,k#a #cb4 ,k-,q#b ,k-,q#b #cc4 ,k-,b#b ,k-,k#a #cd4 ,k-,kt#b ,k-,q#b #ce4 ,k-,r#c ,k-,k#a #cf4 ,k-,r#d ,k-,q#b #cg4 ,b-,kt#h ,k-,b#a #ch4 ,b-,r#g ,k-,q#b #ci4 ,b-,kt#f ,p-,q#e #dj4 ,p-,k#d ,k-,k#a #da4 ,p-,k#e ,k-,q#b #db4 ,kt-,b#b ,resigns4 because !re foll[s ,kt-,k#d & ,bx,p4 ,,game ,no4 #dh ,:ite3 ,blackburne4 ,black3 ,niemz[its*4 ,irregul> ,op5+4 #a4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,q#c ,x is due to ?is reply ( ,black's t ! op5+ is irregul>4 ,= _h he play$ ,p-,q#d a peaceful ,,qp game w\ld h result$1 or aft] ,:ite's #b4 ,p-,,kb#d a ,dut* op5+4 #b4 ,p-,,kb#d ,p-,k#d #c4 ,px,p ,px,p ,black has ! sup]ior position2 he has a pawn 9 ! c5tre & 8 pieces are m free4 #d4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,b-,q#c ,z 0 se5 on a =m] occasion1 x is a %ade bett] to develop ! ,knights be=e ! ,bi%ops1 z ! *oice ( moves = ! latt] is less limit$4 ,! alt]native might h be5 #e4 ,kt-,b#c1 ,b-,k,kt#e2 #f4 ,b-,k#b1 ,kt-,b#c4 #e4 ,p-,k#d ,n[ ,:ite has also a pawn 9 ! c5tre1 b he is a move beh9d 9 8 developm5t4 #e4 444 ,b-,k#c #f4 ,kt-,b#c ,p-,,kb#c #g4 ,p-,q#c ,kt-,k#b #h4 ,b-,k#c ,p-,,qb#d #i4 ,q-,q#b ,q,kt-,b#c #aj4 ,b-,k#b ,kt-,q#e #aa4 ,ca/les ,,kr ,ca/les #ab4 ,kt-,q#a ,k,kt-,b#c #ac4 ,p-,b#c ,n[ ,black has ga9$ an advantage f ! comm& ( 8 ,q#e4 ,! advance ( ,:ite's ,,qbp1 :i* 0 necessitat$ by ! dom9at+ position ( ! ,black ,knight1 has left ,:ite ) a 8backw>d0 pawn at ,q#c4 #ac4 444 ,ktx,bch #ad4 ,qx,kt ,r-,k#a ,if n[ a g5]al ex*ange takes place aft] ,p-,q#d1 ! ,,kp is lo/ ?r\gh ,b-,q#d4 #ae4 ,kt-,r#d ,:ite's c\nt] attack on ! ,k+'s side becomes ?reat5+1 & ,black mu/ cont9ue 8 op]ations on ! ,que5's w+ ) ! greate/ c>e1 z he may be call$ ^u at any "t to conc5trate 8 pieces = ! def5ce ( ! ,k+'s w+4 #ae4 444 ,b-,,kb#a #af4 ,kt-,b#e ,k-,r#a #ag4 ,p-,k,kt#d ,q-,q#b #ah4 ,kt-,b#b ,p-,,qr#d ,black wi%es to op5 up files on ! ,que5's side4 #ai4 ,p-,,qr#c ,free+ ! ,,qr4 #ai4 444 ,p-,q,kt#d #bj4 ,,qr-,q#a ,,qr-,kt#a #ba4 ,r-,q#b ,p-,kt#e #bb4 ,r,px,p ,r,px,p #bc4 ,p-,b#d ,r-,r#a #bd4 ,q-,b#c ,r-,r#g ,be=e try+ to pu% home 8 advantage on ! ,que5's side1 :i* is made possible by ! weakness ( ,:ite's ,,qp1 ,black %\ld look aft] 8 ,k+'s side1 :]e ,:ite has collect$ an al>m+ array ( =ces4 ,aft] ! text move ! ,rook is q out ( play4 #be4 ,p-,kt#e ,p-,kt#c8 --------------------------------------- #h ,r ,b ,k --------------------------------------- #g ,q ,p --------------------------------------- #f ,kt ,b ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #e ,p ,p ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #d ,p ,p ,p --------------------------------------- #c ,p ,b ,q --------------------------------------- #b ,r ,p ,r ,kt ,p --------------------------------------- #a ,r ,k --------------------------------------- ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,diag4 #afg ,black %\ld simply play ,px,p ) ! foll[+ cont9uation3 #bf4 ,bx,p1 ,kt-,q#e2 #bg4 ,ktx,kt1 ,qx,kt2 #bh4 ,b-,k#c1 ,q-,q#c4 ,aft] ! move 9 ! text1 ,:ite's attack is ov]:elm+4 #bf4 ,kt-,kt#d6 ,:ite obta9s a ,rook & two pawns = 8 two ,knights2 ?is is 9 itself an equival5t ( mat]ial4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance ! ex*ange is ( decisive advantage = ,:ite1 z ,black mu/ lose sev]al moves to br+ up 8 ,rook = ! def5ce ( 8 ungu>d$ ,k+4 #bf4 444 ,px,kt #bg4 ,ktx,b,p ,kt-,q#e ,if ,px,p1 ,:ite w9s by #bh4 ,q-,r#e1 ,q-,b#b2 #bi4 ,p-,kt#f1 ,qx,pch2 #cj4 ,qx,q & ,ktx,r4 #bh4 ,q-,b#b ,q-,b#c #bi4 ,ktx,r ,qx,kt #cj4 ,bx,kt ,k,px,b #ca4 ,px,p ,b-,q#b #cb4 ,r-,k#a ,q-,b#b #cc4 ,q-,r#d6 ,r-,r#a ,n ,bx,p because ( #cd4 ,r-,,kb#b1 foll[$ by ,,kr-,,kb sq4 #cd4 ,r-,,kb#b ,b-,b#c #ce4 ,q-,kt#d ,! ?reat is to op5 ! ,rook's file by ,p-,kt#f ) an attack on ! ,k+ by ! ,rooks4 #ce4 444 ,r-,k#a #cf4 ,rx,r ,qx,r ,bx,r 9 ord] to play ,q-,r#d might be bett]4 ,) ! ,que5s (f ! bo>d1 ,black has w9n+ *ances on acc\nt ( 8 two ,bi%ops4 ,b !n ,:ite might evade ! ex*ange & proce$ to seize ! ,k+'s file ) ! ,rook aft] #cg4 ,q-,b#d4 #cg4 ,r-,k#b ,q-,q#b #ch4 ,r-,k#f ,b-,r#a 9 ord] to play ,q-,q,kt#b or ,r#b4 #ci4 ,p-,kt#f6 ,px,p ,if ,q-,q,kt#b1 #dj4 ,r-,k#h61 if ,q-,r#b1 #dj4 ,q-,r#d4 ,:ite w9s 9 ei!r case4 #dj4 ,rx,p ,q-,,kr#b #da4 ,q-,kt#c ,?reat5s ,q-,k#e;*4 #da4 444 ,q-,r#d #db4 ,r-,kt#d6 ,resigns4 ,,table ,,( ,,op5+s ,a4 ,,k+',s ,,pawn ,,games a4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#d #b4 ,p-,,kb#d ,px,p #b4 444 ,b-,b#d #b4 444 ,p-,q#d #b4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #c4 ,qx,p #c4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,,qb#d #c4 444 ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,b-,,qb#d #c4 ,p-,,qb#c ,px,p #c4 444 ,p-,q#d #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,px,p #d4 ,ktx,p #d4 ,b-,,qb#d #d4 ,p-,b#c #c4 ,b-,b#d ,b-,b#d #d4 ,p-,q#c #d4 ,p-,b#c #c4 444 ,kt-,b#c #c4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,b#c #c4 444 ,b-,kt#e #c4 ,b-,kt#e ,p-,q#c #d4 ,p-,q#d #c4 444 ,kt-,b#c #d4 ,ca/le ,p-,q#c #d4 444 ,ktx,p #c4 444 ,p-,,qr#c #d4 ,b-,r#d ,kt-,b#c #e4 ,ca/le ,b-,k#b #e4 444 ,ktx,p #d4 ,bx,kt ,q,px,b #e4 ,ktx,p #e4 ,p-,q#d #b4 444 ,p-,q#c #c4 ,p-,q#d ,q,kt-,q#b #b4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,q#d b4 #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,k#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #c4 ,p-,k#e #c4 ,kt-,,qb#c ,kt-,,kb#c #d4 ,p-,k#e #d4 ,b-,kt#e ,b-,k#b #d4 444 ,b-,kt#e #c4 444 ,px,p #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,px,p ,qx,p #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#c #b4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #a4 ,p-,k#d ,p-,,qb#d ,b4 ,,que5',s ,,pawn ,,games a4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,q#d #b4 ,p-,,qb#d ,px,p #b4 444 ,p-,k#c #c4 ,kt,q,b#c ,kt,k,b#c #c4 444 ,,pqb#d #d4 ,,pk#c #d4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,kt-,,qb#c #e4 ,px,q,p #b4 444 ,p--,k#d #b4 444 ,b-,b#d #b4 444 ,p-,,qb#c #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,k#c #c4 ,p-,b#d ,px,p #c4 444 ,p-,,qb#d #c4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c #b4 444 ,p-,,qb#d #c4 ,p-,b#d ,p-,k#c #d4 ,p-,k#c #d4 ,kt-,b#c ,kt-,,qb#c #c4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,k#c #d4 ,b-,q#c ,kt-,,kb#c #e4 ,p-,q,kt#c #c4 ,p-,b#c #b4 444 ,kt-,,kb#c b4 #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,,qb#d #a4 ,p-,q#d ,kt-,,kb#c #b4 ,kt-,,kb#c ,p-,q#c #a4 ,p-,q#d ,p-,,kb#d ,c4 ,,irregul> ,,op5+s #a4 ,p-,,qb#d #a4 ,p-,,kb#d ,p-,q#d #a4 444 ,p-,k#d #a4 ,p-,k#c ,p-,q#c