---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?is v]sion ( ! text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical effects4 ,italics are delimit$ ) ! #8' "* z italic4 ,bold font is indicat$ ) ! #8' "*4 ,footnotes are limit$ to a s+le quot$ passage1 & h be5 relocat$ to foll[ t passage4 ,m9or errors1 attributable to ! pr9t]1 h be5 correct$4 ,please see ! transcrib]'s note at ! end ( ?is text = details reg>d+ ! h&l+ ( any textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ its prep>ation4 ,,tobacco3 ,,gr[+1 ,,cur+1 ,,& ,,manufactur+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,tobacco3 ,,gr[+1 ,,cur+1 ,,manufactur+4 ,a ,,h&book ,,= ,,plant]s ,,9 ,,all ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,c4 ,g4 ,,w>n=d ,,lock1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,illu/ration ,e4 ,f4 ,n4 ,,spon1 #abe1 ,,/r&1 ,,london4 ,,new ,,york3 #ce1 ,,murray ,,/reet4 #ahhf4 ,,preface4 ,tobacco gr[+ is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable bran*es ( tropical & sub-tropical agriculture2 !#a8b0c;has ev5 be5 propos$ z a remun]ative crop = ! ,briti% f>m]1 & is v ext5sively gr[n 9 cont95tal ,europe4 ,! att5tion rec5tly drawn to ! subject has result$ 9 _m inquiries = in=mation useful to ! plant] desir\s ( />t+ a tobacco e/ate4 ,b beyond scatt]$ articles 9 newspap]s & ! proce$+s ( agricultural societies1 !re has be5 no practical lit]ature available = ! ,engli% read]4 ,x is a little rem>kable t :ile our neighb\rs h be5 writ+ ext5sively ab\t tobacco gr[+1 ( late ye>s1 no ,engli% book devot$ exclusively to ?is subject has be5 publi%$ = ne>ly ?irty ye>s4 ,a glance at ! bibliography giv5 at ! end ( ?is volume w %[ t ! ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,swiss1 ,italian1 ,dut*1 ,sicilian1 & ev5 ,sc&9avian plant] has a reliable h&book to guide him 9 ?is important bran* ( agriculture1 :ile ,briti% settl]s 9 our num]\s tobacco-gr[+ colonies mu/ glean _! in=mation z be/ !y may f p]iodical lit]ature4 ,to supply ! want ?us indicat$1 ! pres5t volume has be5 prep>$4 ,! invaluable assi/ance ( tobacco-plant]s 9 bo? ! ,indies & 9 _m o!r tropical c\ntries1 has r5d]$ ! portion relat+ to field op]ations em95tly practical & complete1 :ile ! editor's acqua9tance ) agricultural *emi/ry & famili>ity ) ! be/ tobacco-gr[+ regions ( ,asiatic ,turkey1 h enabl$ him to ex]cise a g5]al sup]vision ov] ! /atem5ts ( ! v>i\s contributors4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,,! ,,plant #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,cultivation #g ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,cur+ #fg ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,production ,,& ,,comm]ce #acg ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,use #bca ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,nature ,,& ,,prop]ties #bec ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,adult]ations ,,& ,,sub/itutes #bfg ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,imports1 ,,duties1 ,,values1 ,,& ,,consumption #bga ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,bibliography #bgf ,,index #bha ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,,cuban ,,tobacco ,,plant #d #b4 ,,m>yl& ,,tobacco ,,plant #e #c4 ,,am]s=t ,,tobacco ,,plant #f #d4 ,,/raw ,,mat ,,= ,,cov]+ ,,se$-,,b$s #dg #e4 ,,%ade ,,frames ,,us$ ,,9 ,,cuba #di #f4 ,,qu9cunx ,,plant+ #eb #g4 ,,tobacco ,,worm ,,& ,,mo? #ef #h4 ,,%$ ,,= ,,sun-,,cur+ ,,tobacco #hc #i4 ,,hang+ ,,bun*es ,,( ,,leaves #ie #aj4 ,,tobacco ,,b>n #ie #aa4 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,tobacco ,,b>n #if #ab4 ,,h& ,,( ,,tobacco #ajh #ac4 ,,pack+ ,,hog%ead #acc #ad to #ag4 ,,tobacco-,,cutt+ ,,ma*9e #bcd #ah4 ,,ma*9e ,,= ,,mak+ ,,plug ,,tobacco #bcg #ai to #ba4 ,,ma*9e ,,= ,,mak+ ,,twi/ ,,or ,,roll ,,tobacco #bch #bb1 #bc4 ,,diagrams ,,( ,,segm5t ,,roll]s ,,( ,,twi/ ,,ma*9e #bdj #bd to #bf4 ,,&rew',s ,,improvem5ts ,,9 ,,twi/ ,,ma*9e #bdc-d #bg4 ,,ma*9e ,,= ,,cutt+ ,,& ,,sift+ ,,scrap ,,tobacco #bdf #bh4 ,,ma*9e ,,= ,,mak+ ,,cig>ettes #bdg #bi4 ,,resweat+ ,,app>atus #bdi #cj4 ,,ma*9e ,,= ,,weigh+ ,,out ,,small ,,p>cels ,,( ,,tobacco #bej #ca4 ,,tobacco-,,cutt+ ,,ma*9e #beb ,,tobacco3 ,,gr[+1 ,,cur+1 ,,& ,,manufactur+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,plant4 ,next to ! mo/ common gra9s & pulses1 probably no plant is s widely & g5]ally cultivat$ z tobacco4 ,9 :at c\ntry or at :at date its use orig9at$ has little to d ) u f a practical po9t ( view1 ?\gh int]e/+ en\gh z a subject = ! /ud5t ( e?nography & natural hi/ory4 ,suffice x to say t x has be5 gr[n & smok$ s9ce pre-hi/oric times 9 _m tropical & sub-tropical c\ntries1 & has assum$ an importance 9 mod]n daily life only surpass$ by a few prom95t food plants & cotton4 ,?is long-cont9u$ & widespread cultivation has help$ to produce local v>ieties or races ( ! plant :i* h sometimes be5 mi/ak5 = di/9ct species1 & caus$ a multiplication ( sci5tific names almo/ bewild]+4 ,! foll[+ epitome compreh5ds ! species & v>ieties ( ,nicotiana possess+ int]e/ = ! cultivator3-- ,i4 ,n4 ,tabacum macrophylla latifolia1 lattissima1 gigantea--,m>yl& tobacco4 ,( ?is1 !re are two sub-species--7#a7 ,/alkless ,m>yl&1 ( ! foll[+ v>ieties3 7a7 ,n4 macrophylla ovata--%ort-leav$ ,m>yl&1 produc+ a good smok+-tobacco1 7b7 ,n4 macrophylla longifolia--long-leav$ ,m>yl&1 yield+ a good smok+-tobacco1 & excell5t wrapp]s = cig>s1 7c7 ,n4 macrophylla p&urata--broad-leav$1 or ,am]s=t1 mu* cultivat$ 9 ,g]many & ,holl&1 a heavy cropp]1 & especially adapt$ = ! manufacture ( good snuff2 7#b7 ,/alk$ ,m>yl&1 ( ! foll[+ v>ieties3 7a7 ,n4 macrophylla alata1 7b7 ,n4 macrophylla cordata--he>t-%ap$ ,m>yl&1 produc+ a v f9e leaf1 f :i* probably ! f9e/ ,turki% is obta9$4 ,cuban & ,manilla are n[ attribut$ to ?is gr\p4 ,,ii4 ,n4 ,tabacum angu/ifolia--,virg9ian tobacco4 ,( ?is1 !re are two sub-species--7#a7 ,/alkless ,virg9ian ( ! foll[+ v>ieties3 7a7 ,n4 angu/ifolia acum9ata1 gr[n 9 ,g]many = snuff1 seldom = smok+1 7b7 ,n4 angu/ifolia lanceolata1 af=ds snuff1 7c7 ,n4 angu/ifolia p5dulifolia1 ano!r snuff tobacco1 7d7 ,n4 angu/ifolia latifolia--broad-leav$ ,virg9ian1 us$ *iefly = snuff1 7e7 ,n4 angu/ifolia undulata--wave-l ,virg9ian1 matures quickly1 7f7 ,n4 angu/ifolia p&urata1 furni%es good leaves = smok+1 produces heavily1 & is mu* gr[n 9 ,g]many1 & said to be gr[n at ! ,pru? z 8tempyki10 & highly e/eem$ !re2 7#b7 ,/alk$ ,virg9ian1 ( ! foll[+ v>ieties3 7a7 ,n4 angu/ifolia alata1 7b7 ,n4 angu/ifolia lanceolata ,n4 fructiosa1 gr[+ to a height ( #h ft41 7c7 ,n4 angu/ifolia oblonga1 7d7 ,n4 angu/ifolia cordata--,e4 ,indian1 produc+ heavily 9 good soil1 & well adapt$ = snuff1 b n = smok+4 ,latakia & ,turki% are n[ accr$it$ to ,n4 ,tabacum4 ,,iii4 ,n4 ru/ica4--,common1 ,hung>ian1 or ,turki% tobacco4 ,( ?is1 !re are two v>ieties3 7a7 ,n4 ru/ica cordata--l>ge-leav$ ,hung>ian1 ,brazilian1 ,turki%1 ,asiatic1 furni%+ leaves = smok+2 7b7 ,n4 ru/ica ovata--small-leav$ ,hung>ian1 af=ds f9e aromatic leaves = smok+1 b ! yield is small4 ,until q rec5tly1 ,latakia1 ,turki%1 & ,manilla tobaccos 7 ref]r$ to ?is species2 ,latakia is n[ prov$ to belong to ,n4 ,tabacum1 & ,manilla is said to be absolutely id5tical ) ,cuban1 :i* latt] is n[ ascrib$ to ,n4 ,tabacum macrophylla4 ,,iv4 ,n4 crispa4--,?is species is mu* gr[n 9 ,syria1 ,calabria1 & ,c5tral ,asia1 & furni%es leaves = ! celebrat$ cig>s ( ! ,levant4 ,v4 ,n4 p]sica4--,hi!rto suppos$ to be a di/9ct species1 af=d+ ! ,%iraz tobacco1 b n[ prov$ to be only a =m ( ,n4 ,tabacum4 ,,vi4 ,n4 rep&a4--,a ,mexican plant1 ) small foliage4 ,long ?\ght to be a di/9ct species peculi> to ,cuba1 b none su* is n[ to be f\nd 9 ,cuba1 :e!r wild or cultivat$1 & all ! ,cuban tobacco is n[ obta9$ f ,n4 ,tabacum macrophyllum4 ,among ! _m o!r =ms int]e/+ only to ! botani/ or horticulturi/1 ! pr9cipal are ,n4 paniculata1 ,n4 glut9osa1 ,n4 glauca1 atta9+ a height ( #ah ft41 & ,n4 clevel&ii1 exce$+ly /rong1 q rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,cali=nia1 & suppos$ to h be5 us$ by ! e>ly natives ( t c\ntry4 ,?us ! bulk ( ! be/ tobaccos ( ! _w is af=d$ by ! old well-kn[n species ,nicotiana ,tabacum4 ,a good idea ( ! foliage & infloresc5ce ( commonly cultivat$ tobaccos may be ga9$ f a /udy ( ! accompany+ illu/rations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #a is a ,cuban tobacco1 & mu* gr[n on ! cont95t ( ,europe1 notably 9 ,holl&1 ,g]many1 & ,switz]l&1 & !re kn[n z g\ndie1 f ! "n ( an ,am]ican consul :o introduc$ ! plant into ,g]many 9 #ahdh4 ,x has a broad yet some:at po9t$ leaf1 ) ! ribs n arrang$ 9 pairs2 x is f9e1 s(t1 ?91 & e/eem$ = smok+ 9 pipes & = wrapp]s ( cig>s4 ,"o v>iety ( ! ,m>yl& plant is %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,! leaves spr+ f a tall /em at consid]able int]vals1 & are broad & r\nd$ at ! end4 ,?is k9d is valu$ = cig>-wrapp]s1 & assumes a f9e light br[n col\r :5 well cur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,a broad-leav$ ,cuban or ,m>yl& gr[? long naturaliz$ 9 ,g]many1 & n[ famili> z ,am]s=t1 is repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,x is di/+ui%$ by unusual l5g? ( leaf accompani$ by a correspond+ n>r[ness4 ,a /em & fl[] are %[n at a1 a leaf at b1 a fl[] 9 section at c1 a capsule at d1 a se$ at e1 & a cross-section ( a leaflet at f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,^! ?ree examples repres5t ! mo/ successful k9ds gr[n 9 ,europe & at ! same "t "s ( ! mo/ m>k$ div]sities ( =m ( leaf4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,cultivation4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations on ! me?ods ( cultivat+ tobacco h ref]5ce m p>ticul>ly to ! processes z conduct$ 9 ,cuba1 ,india1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ?is bran* ( agriculture has be5 br\ght to great p]fection 9 ! la/-nam$ c\ntry1 & ! sup]vision ( ! op]ations 9 ,india is mo/ly entru/$ to skill$ ,am]icans4 ,climate4--,( ! _m conditions affect+ ! quality ( tobacco1 ! mo/ important is climate4 ,! o!r conditions t mu/ be fulfill$ 9 ord] to succe$ 9 ! cultivation ( ?is crop may be modifi$1 or ev5 sometimes creat$1 to suit ! purpose2 b cultivators c d little ) ref]5ce to climate3 ! utmo/ !y c d is to *ange ! cultivat+ season1 & ?is only 9 places :]e tobacco c be gr[n ne>ly ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! aromatic pr9ciples1 on ! pres5ce ( :i* ! value ( a tobacco *iefly dep5ds1 c only be prop]ly develop$ 9 ! plant by ! ag5cy ( high temp]ature & moi/ure4 ,! fame t ,cuban & ,manilla tobaccos enjoy is mo/ly due to ! climate4 ,! article produc$ 9 ,cuba is mo/ highly e/eem$2 up to ?is "t1 no o!r c\ntry has be5 able to compete successfully ) x4 ,h[ev] x _c be d\bt$ t !re are _m places ^: climate ju/ifies ! assumption t a tobacco c\ld be gr[n !re1 n inf]ior to t produc$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,! m closely ! climate ( a place corresponds ) t ( ,cuba1 ! great] *ance is !re t a ,havana a v>iety w pres]ve its peculi> aroma4 ,9 su* places1 a f9e & valuable tobacco may be gr[n ) less exp5diture on lab\r1 c41 ?an x is necess>y to be/[ 9 rais+ an inf]ior article 9 less suitable climes4 ,9 c\ntries :]e a l[ temp]ature rules1 ! plants mu/ be rais$ 9 hot-b$s1 & !re is also a great risk t ! "y plants may be de/roy$ by fro/1 or aft]w>ds by hail/ones4 ,:5 damp wea!r prevails dur+ ! tobacco h>ve/1 x is (t5 injur$2 & to give ! requir$ flav\r1 c41 to make ! article m>ketable1 mac]at+ has (t5 to be resort$ to1 ?us involv+ great risk & exp5diture4 ,b 9 spite ( ^! drawbacks1 tobacco cultivation is (t5 v remun]atively c>ri$ out 9 c\ntries possess+ an unfav\rable climate4 ,! defici5t climatic conditions are "h p>tly comp5sat$ = by mak+ ! o!r conditions affect+ ! quality ( tobacco1 & :i* c be controll$ by ! cultivator1 ! mo/ fav\rable possible4 ,soil4--,! soil affects to a great ext5t ! quality ( a tobacco4 ,! plant ?rives be/ 9 a soil ri* 9 vegetable m\ld2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n s mu* requir$ to supply ! necess>y plant food1 z to keep ! soil 9 a good physical condition4 ,no o!r plant requires ! soil 9 su* a friable /ate4 ,a light soil1 s& or s&y loam1 conta9+ an av]age am\nt ( organic matt]1 & well dra9$1 is consid]$ be/ adapt$ = rais+ smok+-tobacco2 su* a soil produces ! f9e/ leaves4 ,! m organic matt] a soil conta9s1 ! heavi] is ! outturn2 b ! leaves gr[ ?ick]1 & ! aroma becomes less4 ,z1 9 tropical climates1 ! physical prop]ties ( ! soil play a prom95t "p 9 its productive capabilities g5]ally1 & ! pres5ce ( organic matt] 9 ! soil t5ds to improve ^! prop]ties1 x w r>ely occur t 9 su* places a soil w conta9 too mu* humus4 ,! m clay 9 a soil1 ! less is x adapt$ to ! production ( f9e smok+-tobacco1 on acc\nt ( its physical prop]ties be+ less fav\rable to ! developm5t ( ! aromatic pr9ciples2 ! leaf becomes also g5]ally ?ick & co>se1 b ! outturn on su* soils is commonly heavi] ?an on a m s&y "o4 ,a clay soil possess+ a great am\nt ( humus may1 if prop]ly till$1 produce an ord9>y smok+-tobacco1 & may ev51 if great att5tion be paid to ! selection ( ! v>iety1 c41 produce leaves = cig>-wrapp]s4 ,( less importance ?an ! physical prop]ties ( ! soil is its *emical composition4 ,by prop] tillage & heavy manur+1 tobacco is sometimes gr[n on comp>atively poor soils4 ,f analysis ( ! plant1 x is cle> t x conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( a% con/itu5ts1 :i* x extracts f ! soil2 ! mo/ important ( ^! are pota% & lime4 ,a soil de/itute ( ^! con/itu5ts w\ld require a great quantity ( manure to supply ! wants ( tobacco4 ,an exp]i5c$ ,ohio plant]1 ,judson ,pop5oe1 speak+ ( soil1 says 8,a ri*1 s&y1 second bottom1 ,i believe to be ! be/ = rais+ tobacco1 al?\gh our *ocolate-col\r$ upl&s1 :5 v ri* & highly manur$1 w gr[ an excell5t quality ( tobacco1 b w n yield z mu* to ! acre4 ,black riv]-bottoms w yield m to ! acre ?an any o!r k9d ( l&1 b ! tobacco is n ( s f9e a quality2 x gr[s l>g]1 has co>s] /ems1 & heavi] body1 & consequ5tly1 9 my op9ion1 is n s good = wrapp]s or f9e cut z ! second bottom or upl& tobacco40 ,on ! same subject1 an ,ill9ois gr[] obs]ves1 8= u 9 ! ,we/1 & = all ! localities t h n an ov]-am\nt ( heat1 exp]i5ce has prov$1 t a dry1 w>m soil 7loam or s&y loam71 ri*1 deep1 & conta9+ lime1 is mo/ suitable = tobacco4 ,! m s&y1 to a c]ta9 degree1 ! soil is1 ! bett] w be ! quality ( ! tobacco2 ! ne>] ! soil is to clay1 ! poor] w be ! crop "u simil> circum/ances1 al?\gh ! yield may yet be satisfactory4 ,clayey soil w h>dly produce tobacco suitable = cig>s4 ,wet & t\gh clay soils are "u no circum/ances suitable to tobacco40 ,situation4--,l& int5d$ = tobacco-culture %\ld h good dra9age1 & be %elt]$ f high w9ds4 ,9 ,holl&1 :]e tobacco-cultivation is c>ri$ out to great p]fection1 ea* field is surr\nd$ by a h$ge ab\t #g ft4 high2 ! fields are divid$ into small plots1 :i* are aga9 bord]$ by r[s ( plants t are able to break ! =ce ( ! w9d1 :i* w\ld injure ! leaves1 & r5d] !m ( comp>atively little value4 ,to ?is circum/ance mu/ *iefly be attribut$ ! fact t ,dut* gr[]s succe$ 9 gett+ z mu* z #ej p] c5t4 ( leaves ( ! fir/ quality1 :]eas 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries #be p] c5t4 is consid]$ to be a v good outturn4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 sev]al r[s ( pole beans1 i4 e4 sc>let runn]s1 a few /eps ap>t1 are sometimes plant$ z a w9d-scre54 ,manure4--,9 its natural /ate1 ! soil w r>ely possess ! elem5ts ( plant food 9 su* a =m z is mo/ conducive to ! production ( a f9e tobacco-leaf4 ,any defici5cy mu/ be suppli$ 9 ! %ape ( suitable manure4 ,s*ls+ f\nd t a bad burn+ tobacco 0 produc$ on a soil conta9+ little pota%1 on unmanur$ soil1 on soil manur$ ) fle%1 humus1 calcium *loride1 magnesium *loride1 & potassium *loride4 ,a good burn+ tobacco 0 produc$ on a soil manur$ ) potassium c>bonate1 saltpetre1 & potassium sulphate4 ,m rec5t exp]im5ts c>ri$ out by o!r inve/igators t5d to corroborate ^! conclusions4 ,x is g5]ally assum$ t a soil ri* 9 nitrog5\s organic matt] produces a /rong tobacco t burns badly4 ,! results ( ,nessl]'s exp]im5ts cle>ly %[ t x is n suffici5t to apply ! elem5t mo/ ne$$ by ! plant--pota%--9 any =m1 b t1 to produce a good tobacco1 x is necess>y to apply x 9 a p>ticul> comb9ation4 ,x 0 f\nd t pota% c>bonate appli$ z manure produc$ ! be/ tobacco3 x burn$ = ! longe/ "t1 & its a% conta9$ mo/ pota% c>bonate2 :]eas pota% *loride produc$ a mu* inf]ior tobacco4 ,! ass]tion ( o!r exp]im5t]s t *lorides produce a bad tobacco is ?us confirm$4 ,pota% sulphate & lime sulphate produc$ a good tobacco4 ,x may be notic$ "h t tobacco :i* 0 manur$ ) gypsum conta9$ a great am\nt ( pota% c>bonate 9 ! a%1 probably due to ! fact t gypsum is a solv5t = ! in]t pota% salts4 ,f ! =ego+1 x may be conclud$ t 9 tobacco cultivation1 ! elem5ts potassium & calcium %\ld be re/or$ to ! soil 9 ! =m ( c>bonate1 sulphate1 or nitrate1 b n z *lorides4 ,p\drette1 or prep>$ night-soil1 g5]ally conta9s a consid]able am\nt ( *lorides1 & is n well suit$ z manure = f9e tobacco4 ,x has be5 f\nd t fields manur$ ) *lorides produc$ heavily2 a small proportion ( *lorides may !re=e be appli$ 9 ?is =m1 :5ev] quality is ( less importance ?an quantity4 ,f>my>d manure may suffice :5 tobacco is cultivat$ 9 prop] rotation1 b "h also1 unless ! soil be v ri* 9 potassium & calcium1 ! application ( "s special manure w greatly enhance ! value ( ! outturn4 ,wood-a%es are a valuable supplem5t to /able dung4 ,gypsum is an excell5t dress+ = soils 9 a good manurial condition3 x supplies ! lime ne$$ by ! tobacco1 & acts z a solv5t on ! in]t pota% salts4 ,gypsum appli$ on poor l&1 h[ev]1 ha/5s ! exhau/ion ( ! soil4 ,x is said t crops manur$ ) gypsum suff] less f ! effects ( dr\ght1 & require less irrigation1 ?an :5 manur$ o!rwise3 ! leaves ( plants t _h be5 manur$ ) gypsum exhal+ less wat] ?an :5 manur$ ) o!r sub/ances4 ,if ?is ass]tion be correct1 gypsum w\ld be invaluable to ! ,indian cultivator4 ,) reg>d to ! am\nt ( manure to be employ$1 x may be obs]v$ t1 ) f>my>d manure prop]ly rott$1 !re is no !oretical limit1 especially :5 ! tobacco is int5d$ = snuff1 & is gr[n 9 a hot climate1 :]e ! physical prop]ties ( ! soil are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,x is said t "s ,rh5i%-,bav>ian soils conta9 z mu* z #ae p] c5t4 ( organic matt]1 yet ! cultivator consid]s x necess>y to heavily manure ea* tobacco crop4 ,dut* gr[]s apply to ! ri* alluvial soil z mu* z #be tons an acre ( well-rott$ cattle-manure4 ,9 ,am]ica1 x is report$ t ! heavie/ crops are obta9$ on soil newly tak5 up1 & v ri* 9 vegetable m\ld4 ,x is consid]$ ne>ly ev]y:]e t tobacco w pay be/ :5 heavily manur$4 ,! fir/ c>e ( ev5 ! poore/ peasant 9 ! tobacco di/ricts ( ,g]many1 ,holl&1 c41 z soon z he sells 8 tobacco1 is to pur*ase ! manure :i* he consid]s ess5tial to 8 success4 ,! am\nt ( any special manure :i* c be appli$ )\t injury to ! plants dep5ds v mu* on ! solubility ( ! /uff1 & ! mann] ( apply+ x4 ,highly soluble salts1 su* z soda or pota% nitrate1 %\ld be appli$ 9 small] quantities ?an salts :i* dissolve sl[ly4 ,) reg>d to ! mann] ( apply+ conc5trat$ manures1 x is evid5t t1 :5 a salt is appli$ 9 close proximity to ! plant1 less w be requir$ ?an :5 /rewn ov] ! :ole field4 ,:5 appli$ 9 solution1 n m ?an #cjj lb4 ( nitrate p] acre %\ld be us$ at "o "t4 ,! am\nt to be appli$ v>ies also ) ! soil2 a s&y soil1 :i* has little absorptive p[]1 %\ld receive less ?an a clay4 ,salts easily dis9tegrat+ %\ld n be appli$ be=e tobacco has be5 plant$1 especially n be=e heavy ra9s :i* w\ld c>ry (f ! salt4 ,to supply ! pota% requir$ by ! tobacco plant1 #bjj lb4 ( good saltpetre p] acre w\ld be suffici5t 9 mo/ cases4 ,lime1 al?\gh remov$ f ! soil 9 l>ge quantities1 is r>ely appli$ to tobacco z a special manure4 ,:]e wood-a%es c be _h at a mod]ate price1 lime may be appli$ 9 ?is =m4 ,"s a%es are v ri* 9 lime4 ,x has be5 f\nd t a%es obta9$ f bee*-wood conta9 #eb p] c5t4 ( lime1 & ^? f oak-wood z mu* z #ge4 ,:il/ mo/ gr[]s are agre$ t tobacco is a crop dem&+ a ri* soil1 !re is a want ( uni=mity ( op9ion z to ! be/ me?od ( manur+4 ,on ?is po9t1 ,c4 ,s*neid]1 a successful ,ill9ois plant]1 says 8manur+ _c be done too e>ly1 or too heavily4 ,! manures are v diff]5t1 & equally useful = ! diff]5t k9ds ( tobacco4 ,we may classify !m z foll[s3-- 8,to be appli$ %ortly be=e plant+1 & 9 equal quantities1 = all k9ds ( tobacco3 #a4 ,guano1 #bjj to #cjj p\nds on ! acre2 #b4 ,p\ltry-dropp+s1 #djj to #ejj p\nds2 #c4 ,gre5 manure 9 any quantity2 #d4 ,%eep-dung1 #f two-horse loads2 #e4 ,cattle manure1 #aj two-horse loads4 8,= *ew+-tobacco & snuff3 #a4 ,%eep-dung1 #aj to #ab loads p] acre2 #b4 ,cattle manure1 #bj to #cj loads2 #c4 ,horse-dung1 #ae to #be loads2 #d4 ,hog manure1 #bj to #cj loads4 ,! la/ two are useless = smok+-tobacco1 or = t to be us$ = cig>s4 8,! fir/ ?ree manures 7guano1 p\ltry-dropp+s1 & gre5 manure7 mu/ be foll[$ aft] ! tobacco-crop1 by a pl5tiful supply ( /able-manure4 ,! tobacco-/alks !mselves1 rott$ or burn$ to a%es1 s[n ov] ! field be=e ! transplant+1 or 9 ! plant+-furr[s1 w act z a good manure1 b are n suffici5t4 ,9 highly-work$ f>ms1 t is1 :]e ! soil is valuable1 & _c rema9 idle1 x w pay e way1 to s[ rye = fodd] on ! tobacco-l& 9 ! fall2 ?is may be made into hay1 or turn$ "u z manure at ! beg9n+ ( ,july1 j z may seem mo/ pr(itable4 ,deep pl\gh+ = ! rye1 & aft]w>d = ! tobacco1 mu/ n be =gott540 ,r4 ,e4 ,burton1 9 ! ,sug> ,cane1 translat+ f ,mitj5's essay on tobacco gr[+ 9 ! mo/ r5[n$ di/rict ( ,cuba1 has ! foll[+ s5sible rem>ks on ! all-important subject ( manur+3-- 8,ea* vegu]o or f>m] %\ld make a hole or rott+-b9 9 :i* he %\ld deposit z mu* muck & leaves z he may be able to accumulate1 &1 be=e giv+ ! la/ pl\gh+ to prep>e 8 field = plant+ ! tobacco1 he %\ld spread ov] x all ! prep>$ rott5 manure he c procure4 ,manure t is n ?or\ghly rott5 injures ! plants m ?an b5efits !m4 ,a piece ( l&1 well manur$ & ?or\ghly work$ up1 w produce f\r times m tobacco ?an "o badly prep>$ w\ld4 ,consequ5tly no exp5se or lab\r is s remun]ative z t :i* is appli$ to ! soil4 ,?is is a v important po9t :i* %\ld fix ! att5tion ( e agriculturi/ :o desires to prosp]4 8,agriculturi/s ackn[l$ge ! advantage ( manur+4 ,9 tobacco cultivation x produces ! mo/ brilliant results1 b 9 ,vuelta-,abajo x is v difficult to procure suffici5t c\ntry manure4 ,yagues 7i4e4 /rips ( palm b>k us$ z scre5s1 & = bal+7 & all ! refuse f palm trees are excell5t2 grass f ! savannahs & all k9ds ( vegetables 9 a ?or\ghly putrid /ate are v good1 b x requires a great quantity1 & ! imm5se lab\r to collect & prep>e ^!1 fright5s ! great] numb] ( vegu]os1 & few h suffici5t con/ancy to enable !m to collect en\gh prop]ly prep>$ manure = _! fields4 8,! mo/ :i* "s manage to d is to spread refuse ov] "s portions ( l&1 :]e x rots & f]tilizes ! soil2 b ?is sy/em is inefficaci\s1 because ! vegetable sub/ances be+ v light1 ! heavy ra9s wa% away ! great] portion ( ! decompos$ matt]1 & fully n9e-t5?s are lo/4 ,if ! sy/em 0 adopt$ ( deposit+ ?is manure 9 holes or tr5*es1 f :i* x c be remov$ :5 ?or\ghly rott$ & fit = ! fields1 x w\ld produce mu* m ) mu* less lab\r2 = al?\gh at fir/ sight ! lab\r appe>s to be d\bl$1 by hav+ to c>ry x twice1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t "o load ( well-prep>$ manure is bett] ?an t5 or tw5ty ( grass or bu% t is n rott54 8,b 9 e way !re is great difficulty 9 collect+ vegetable manure 9 suffici5t quantities2 rec5tly1 guano has be5 tri$ ) ! mo/ brilliant success4 8,p]uvian guano is ! mo/ compact f]tiliz] kn[n1 & a v small quantity suffices to manure a tobacco field2 its co/ is n excessive1 & is v frequ5tly less ?an ! c>riage ( o!r manures to ! spot :]e !y are to be us$4 ,its mo/ active results are %[n on light & s&y soil2 x quick5s vegetation1 & exp]i5ce has %[n t x increases prodigi\sly ! quantity & value ( crops2 we !re=e recomm5d ! use ( guano z a f]tiliz] ( ! fir/ ord] = tobacco cultivation1 & z light & s&y soils possess 9 !mselves ! sub/ances mo/ suitable = ! developm5t ( ! tobacco plant1 on su* soils guano acts z a /imulant to ! plant4 8,be=e us+ ,p]uvian guano1 x %\ld be sift$2 all ! /ones & lumps rema9+ %\ld be brok5 up1 & aga9 sift$1 s t no?+ may be lo/4 ,aft] ?is1 ?ree or f\r times its weight ( dry s&y soil %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ ) x1 & x %\ld rema9 ?us #f-h days be=e be+ us$4 ,?is prep>ation %\ld be made "u cov]1 to avoid ! possibility ( ra9 fall+ on ! mixture1 & ! heap %\ld be cov]$ ) ! empty guano bags1 or any?+ else1 to prev5t ! evaporation ( ! volatile alkali :i* x conta9s4 8,x is bett] to prep>e ?is mixture 9 detail1 ea* heap conta9+ "o bag ( guano1 ^: weight is #aej-afj lb41 s z to facilitate ! calculation ( ! quantity t %\ld be appli$1 & prev5t mi/akes4 ,we w />t1 !re=e1 on ?is calculation4 8,on l&s ( good quality1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 require manure1 f hav+ be5 ov]work$1 "o p\nd ( guano %\ld be appli$ to ea* #ae-bj sup]ficial y>ds1 or1 say "o heap ( compo/ = ea* #bejj-cjjj y>ds1 or1 o!rwise said1 "o heap ( manure w suffice = a surface t conta9s #ejjj-fjjj plants4 8,9 s&y unproductive soil1 & on /]ile savannah l&s1 #a lb4 ( guano to #i-ab y>ds2 or a heap ( compo/ guano to #aejj-bjjj y>ds2 or "o heap = #cjjj-djjj plants4 8,^! are ! proportions to be us$ = ! fir/ ye>2 = ! second1 & =w>d1 two-?irds ( t employ$ ! fir/ ye> w be suffici5t4 8,:5 crops ( tobacco & corn are gr[n on ! same l&s1 half ! guano %\ld be appli$ to ! corn & ! o!r half to ! tobacco2 b !n a some:at l>g] quantity w be requir$4 ,! manure %\ld be appli$ %ortly be=e transplant+1 & aft] ! gr\nd has be5 well cross-pl\gh$ & prep>$1 & ! gr\nd %\ld be plott$ out into squ>es or b$s ( #ej y>ds squ>e4 ,! manure %\ld !n be spread & pl\gh$ 91 & ! l& %\ld at once be furr[$ & plant$4 8,"u ?is sy/em ( apply+ ,p]uvian guano z manure = tobacco ! be/ results h be5 obta9$1 &1 ( all ! v>i\s trials made1 ?is is ! mo/ simple & ! easie/ to execute40 ,! rem>ks ( ! la/-quot$ essayi/ are good s long z guano is to be _h4 ,b !re is a limit to ! supply1 & 9 _m places x w\ld be unprocurable4 ,! necessity = m def9ite k conc]n+ ! actual wants ( ! tobacco plant 9 ! matt] ( food1 l$ to an inve/igation ( ! subject "s ye>s ago by ,pr(4 ,s4 ,w4 ,johnson on behalf ( ! ,connecticut ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 & m rec5tly by ,s*iffmay] = ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,madras ,presid5cy4 ,pr(4 ,johnson aptly obs]ves x to be 8a well-e/abli%$ fact t plants may receive f ! soil & reta9 a l>g] portion ( a%-+r$i5ts ?an is ne$ful = nutrition4 ,?is is especially m>k$ 9 case ( ! lime1 pota%1 & soda salts4 ,! excess ( ^! sub/ances ?us tak5 up may ei!r be deposit$ 9 ! solid /ate 9 ! cells ( ! plant1 or may rema9 dissolv$ 9 ! juices4 ,9 tobacco1 a "p ( ! nitrog5 usually exi/s z a nitrate1 9 comb9ation ) pota%4 ,t is to say1 portions ( ! nitrog5\s food ( ! plant--! nitrates ( ! soil--are n completely work$ ov] into album9oids1 & into nicot9e1 ! nitrog5\s con/itu5ts ( tobacco1 b accumulate & rema9 9 consid]able quantity 9 ! sap4 ,:5 a dry tobacco-leaf is set on fire1 x (t5 burns l #8t\* pap]' 7pap] soak$ 9 a solution ( saltpetre & dri$7 ) bright sp>kles ( fire1 indicat+ ! po9ts :]e ! nitre has ga!r$ 9 m9ute cry/als z ! juice ( ! leaf evaporat$4 ,! quantity ( sup]flu\s salts 9 ! plant dep5ds ^u its succul5ce1 & ^u ! supply ( !m 9 ! soil4 ,d\btless c]ta9 def9ite am\nts ( pota%1 lime1 magnesia1 iron1 sulphuric acid & phosphoric acid are absolutely necess>y to produce a giv5 weight ( tobacco4 ,9 case sev]al or all ^! sub/ances are sup]abundant 9 ! soil1 ! plant has no p[] to exclude any unnecess>y surplus ( "o or all ( !m f its int]ior altoge!r1 al?\gh !re are good reasons kn[n to prev5t _! entrance beyond a c]ta9 limit4 ,9 "o soil pota% may be relatively mo/ abundant1 & may = t reason be f\nd 9 ! crop 9 great] quantity ?an 0 necess>y = ! gr[? ( t crop4 ,9 ano!r soil lime may be 9 surplus1 & !re ! crop may h ! m9imum ( pota%1 & a consid]able excess ( lime4 8,! crop is a result ( ! work+ toge!r ( a numb] ( causes or conditions2 ^! are ! heat & light ( ! sun1 c>bonic acid & oxyg5 ( ! atmosph]e1 wat]1 nitrates & ammonia1 & ! a%-elem5ts enum]at$ 9 our table ( analyses4 ,! crop is limit$ 9 quantity by t condition ( gr[?1 :i* is pres5t$ to x mo/ sp>+ly4 ,! ri*e/ & be/ prep>$ soil )\t sol> w>m?1 or )\t due supplies ( ra91 _c give a crop1 & if wea!r be mo/ fav\rable1 !n 9 "o field x may be too little pota%1 9 ano!r too little phosphoric acid1 9 ano!r too little nitrog51 :i* l[]s ! yield1 or r$uces ! quality ( ! product4 8,x is usual 9 tobacco culture to manure v heavily1 & 9 _m cases x is probable t all ! v>i\s =ms ( plant food are pres5t 9 available abundance4 ,b soils diff] 9 ! nature ( ! supplies :i* !y are able to yield to crops1 & f]tiliz]s ev51 :5 ! same 9 "n1 may be v unlike 9 fact4 ,! *ief reliance ( ! tobacco f>m] is /able manure4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is by no means uni=m 9 orig91 appe>ance1 evid5t quality1 or *emical composition4 ,! manure f bullocks1 w9t]$ on hay & roots1 is v diff]5t f t ( horses ma9ta9$ *iefly on oats or corn4 ,! y>d manure t conta9s mu* /rawy litt] or mu* wa/$ hay1 diff]s aga9 f t ( ! city /ables1 f :i* ! /raw is c>efully rak$ out to be us$ ov] & ov] aga9 = b$d+4 ,! f>m-made manure is likely to be mu* ri*] 9 pota% & lime1 & ! city manure is ri*] 9 phosphates & nitrog54 ,yet 9 ! reports ( ! f>m]1 ^! two ess5tially diff]5t f]tiliz]s are designat$ z /able manure simply4 8,e "o und]/&s t a f]tiliz] acts ^u ! plant to supply x ) food1 & to fav\r its gr[?2 ev]ybody is also conv9c$ t "s f]tiliz]s act ^u ! soil1 improv+ its texture & composition & increas+ its f]tility4 ,x is an equally well asc]ta9$ fact t ! soil acts ^u f]tiliz]s to modify _! effect4 ,a v wet or v dry soil is kn[n to nullify ! b5efit :i* might be expect$ ( a f]tiliz] 9 a simply moi/ soil2 b m ?an ?is1 m ?an by ! accid5t ( ext]nal circum/ances1 x is a fact t ea* k9d ( soil has a special action ( its own on f]tiliz]s1 s t if x 7 ass]t$ ( two soils1 :i*1 unmanur$1 7 ( equal f]tility1 t a giv5 f]tiliz] appli$ to bo?1 greatly improv$ ! crop on "o1 & _h little effect on ! o!r1 su* a /atem5t might n only be accept$ z a fact1 b an explanation might be giv5 9 g5]al t]ms = su* a fact4 8,n[ exp]im5ts h %[n t diff]5t soils :5 mix$ ) l quantities ( v>i\s f]tiliz+ elem5ts & !n treat$ ) wat]1 9 imitation ( ra91 manife/ v diff]5t behavi\r t[>d ! admix$ sub/ances4 ,"o soil w lay hold ( ! pota% 9 a f]tiliz]1 & fix x 9 a k9d ( *emical comb9ation s firmly t wat] c dissolve x b ) extreme sl[ness2 ano!r soil puts its grasp on ! lime ( a f]tiliz]1 & at ! same "t all[s pota% :i* belongs to itself to be dissolv$ out freely4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 always a complicat$ s]ies ( *anges set 9 op]ation :5ev] any f]tiliz] is incorporat$ ) ! soil1 be x animal1 vegetable1 or m9]al2 be x alkali1 acid1 or sal9e2 be x made on ! f>m or import$ f abroad2 be x natural or artificial4 ,! f]tiliz] acts on ! soil1 & ! soil reacts on ! f]tiliz]2 b ! po9t we wi% to make prom95t is ?is1 t diff]5t soils are diff]5tly affect$ by "o & ! same application1 or 9 o!r words1 a giv5 manure f]tilizes a giv5 crop unequally 9 degree1 & unlike 9 k9d1 on diff]5t soils1 by virtue ( ! diff]5t assimilat+ or fix+ p[]1 :i* ! soil ex]ts ^u its +r$i5ts4 8,we "k ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! peculi>ities ( soils1 & some?+ ( _! causes & ( ! laws by :i* !y act2 b ! real necessities ( ! tobacco crop1 or ( any o!r crop1 z respects soil-+r$i5ts1 _c be arriv$ at by *emical analysis ( a s+le sample1 nor ( a doz5 samples40 ,?us analyses ( a doz5 ,new ,engl& tobaccos %[$ ! foll[+ highe/ & l[e/ p]c5tages ( ea* a%-+r$i5t1 & ( nitrog53-- ,silica #jje to #jcj,magnesia #jid 0 #bba ,*lor9e #jjh 0 #bee,pota% #cij 0 #gde ,sulphuric acid #jeb 0 #afi,soda #jjh 0 #aha ,phosphoric acid #jdg 0 #jhj,nitrog5 #cbj 0 #eaa ,lime #cag 0 #hbb 8,x appe>s t ! p]c5tages ( nitrog51 phosphoric acid & pota% are ne>ly twice z great 9 "s samples z 9 o!rs2 t ! proportions ( magnesia & lime are ab\t #b times great] 9 "s samples ?an 9 o!rs1 & t sulphuric acid is #c times m 9 "o case ?an 9 ano!r4 ,! v>iation ( silica is /ill great]1 & ! disp>ity rises to its extreme 9 case ( soda & *lor9e1 ^: maxima are respectively #bj & #cj times great] ?an _! m9ima40 ,! ?ree +r$i5ts *lor9e1 silica1 & soda _c be consid]$ 9 ! light ( ess5tials to tobacco culture2 b ! o!r sub/ances are absolutely indisp5sable to plant gr[?1 & ! abs5ce ( any "o ( ^! w\ld r5d] a soil incapable ( su/a9+ agricultural vegetation ( any k9d4 8,! v>iation 9 ! p]c5tage ( ^! +r$i5ts dep5ds some:at ^u ! fact t ! leaves ( diff]5t crops are unequally develop$1 & !re=e _! nutritive ne$s are unlike2 b x is1 no d\bt1 *iefly connect$ ) ! fact t ! plant takes up f a highly f]tiliz$ soil m ( ea* or e elem5t ?an is ess5tial = gr[?4 ,! ne>ly c]ta9 conclusion is t e "o ( ! crops analys$ conta9s m ( "s elem5ts ?an belongs to its nutrition4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ! av]age ( ! analyses ( ! ,new ,engl& tobaccos is fully up to ! m>k z reg>ds ! necessities ( ! crop4 ,x is1 inde$1 n improbable t ! l[e/ p]c5tages ( ea* +r$i5t are quantities suffici5t = a p]fect crop4 ,/ill1 x is n prov$ t lime may n p>tially take ! place ( pota%1 or ! rev]se4 ,! probability ( su* a sub/itution is great ^u ! face ( mo/ ( ! analyses4 ,z a rule1 ^? :i* %[ mo/ pota% %[ lea/ lime & vice v]s2 b 9 "o sample bo? +r$i5ts are consid]ably bel[ ! av]age4 ,! practical issue ( ^! consid]ations is to give great probability to ! view t ! tobacco crop is f$ unnecess>ily 7& wa/efully87 high40 7,pr(4 ,johnson47 ,tobacco is usually *>act]iz$ z a v exhau/+ crop4 ,?is is n true z reg>ds ! am\nt ( nutrim5t tak5 f ! soil1 = 9 ?is respect tobacco is less exact+ ?an hay1 potatoes1 or rye4 ,x dem&s *iefly pota% & lime1 ) phosphoric acid & nitrog54 ,pr(4 ,johnson recomm5ds = ! manur+ ( "o acre1 besides pl\gh+ 9 ! /alks ( ! plants1 #ejj lb4 rock guano or #hjj lb4 fi% guano1 #ejj lb4 ka9it 7pota% salts71 & #ej lb4 quicklime4 ,b surely x _c be advisable to mix quicklime ) an ammoniacal manure l guano2 x seems to ! writ] t gypsum1 or sp5t calcium oxide f gasworks1 w\ld be a f> pref]able m$ium = convey+ lime to ! soil4 ,z obs]v$ by ,johnson1 ! 8dem& made on ! soil or on f]tiliz]s by ! tobacco crop1 is = c]ta9 reasons great] ?an t made by o!r crops :i* receive m ( ne>ly e k9d ( plant food4 ,hay is m exhau/+ ?an tobacco z measur$ by total export f ! soil1 b grass gr[s ! :ole ye> ?r\gh\t1 save :5 ! gr\nd is froz5 or cov]$ ) sn[1 or = m ?an #h mon?s4 ,! p]iod ( active gr[? :i* is requir$ to mature a hay crop1 beg9s inde$ 9 ,april1 & is f9i%$ by ,july1 a p]iod ( #c mon?s1 b dur+ ! ye> previ\s1 = at lea/ #e mon?s1 9 case ( ! fir/ crop1 ! grass plants h be5 gett+ a hold ^u ! soil1 fill+ x ) _! roots1 & /or+ up food 9 _! root-/ocks or bulbs1 = ! m rapid aft]gr[?4 ,tobacco on ! o!r h& _c be set out 9 ! field be=e ab\t ! #aj? ( ,june1 & %\ld be 9 ! %$ 9 ab\t #c mon?s4 ,its gr[? !n mu/ be a v rapid "o1 & ! supplies ( food 9 ! soil mu/ be v abundant s t ! quick-ext5d+ roots may be met at e po9t ) _! necess>y pabulum4 ,a crop ( #abfj lb4 dry leaves requires ab\t #aajj lb4 ( dry /alks to support ! leaves1 mak+ a total ( #bcfj lb4 ( dry vegetable matt]4 ,z new hay conta9s n less ?an "o-six? ( moi/ure1 we increase ! above dry weight ( ! tobacco crop by "o-six?1 to make a fair comp>ison1 & obta9 z ! yield ( an av]age tobacco field #bgej lb4 ( air-dry vegetable matt]1 or m ?an #a tons4 ,! matt] /&s !n ?us3 ,an acre ( fir/-rate grass l& yields z ! result ( #h mon?s' gr[?1 #b tons ( crop1 :ile ! tobacco l& mu/ yield #a tons 9 #c mon?s4 8,if ! above data are correct1 ! av]age rate ( gr[? ( tobacco is great] ?an t ( a correspond+ hay crop1 9 ! ratio ( #i3g4 ,! real disp>ity is1 h[ev]1 mu* great]4 ,! pr9cipal gr[? ( tobacco is accompli%$ 9 ! hotte/ summ] wea!r1 & 9 a p]iod ( "s #dj-ej days4 ,v heavy manur+s are !re=e ess5tial to provide = its n\ri%m5t1 & ! m s because ! be/ tobacco l&s are light 9 texture1 & may suff] great loss by dra9age1 evaporation1 & decomposition40 ,f ^! premises1 ,pr(4 ,johnson advances to ! "q ( :at %\ld or %\ld n be pres5t$ to ! plant 9 ! =m ( manure4 ,he comm5ces ) a caution t1 9 g5]al1 gr[]s mu/ 8avoid employ+ f]tiliz]s :i* conta9 salt or o!r *lor9e comp\nd 9 rais+ wrapp+ or smok+ tobacco4 ,x is evid5t1 also1 t !re is no occasion to use any f]tiliz] = ! special object ( supply+ phosphoric acid1 s9ce ! heavie/ export ( ?is sub/ance does n exce$ #aj lb4 p] acre1 annually4 ,x may be well to m5tion "h t phosphates :i* may be put ^u a tobacco field1 9 guano1 c41 _c suff] wa/e by wa%+ out1 & w come to use :5 gra9 or grass %all foll[ 9 ! rotation40 ,he obs]ves ( gypsum 7lime sulphate7 t x is 8a valuable application to tobacco1 n because x is v l>gely tak5 up by ! crop1 = ! greate/ export ( sulphuric acid1 viz4 #bj lb4 p] acre1 is re/or$ by #ej lb4 ( pla/]1 & ! greate/ export ( lime1 #abj lb41 is made good by #djj lb4 ( ! sulphate1 b because lime sulphate dissolves 9 #djj times its weight ( wat]1 & may rapidly wa% out ( ! por\s tobacco l&s1 & especially because ! solution ( lime sulphate 9 ! soil is a v effective ag5t 9 r5d]+ soluble & accessible to crops ! pota% & magnesia1 :i* too (t5 exi/ 9 close-lock$ comb9ations4 ,! av]age annual ra9fall 7sn[ includ$7 9 our latitudes1 is no less ?an #aj1jjj1jjj lb4 p] acre4 ,?is enorm\s quantity ( wat] w\ld be en\gh to dissolve & wa% out ( ! soil #be1jjj lb4 ( gypsum p] acre if x _h "t to saturate itself1 & !n fl[$ (f4 ,9 fact1 b a small proportion ( ! ra9fall runs ?r\gh & out ( ! soil1 n m ?an #aj to #bj p] c5t41 accord+ to its porosity & situation2 b x is pla9 t !re is no?+ to h9d] ! wa/e ( a hundr$ p\nds or m ( gypsum p] acre ye>ly1 ,s9ce all inve/igations g to %[ t ! soil has no reta9+ p[] = lime sulphate z x has = pota% & = phosphoric acid4 ,9 ,nessl]'s exp]im5ts1 gypsum _h an excell5t effect on ! burn+ quality ( ! tobacco rais$ "u its application1 an effect attributable1 he believes1 to ! fact t ?is f]tiliz] (t5 lib]ates pota% 9 ! soil1 z ,liebig & ,deh]a9 h demon/rat$1 & is !re=e equival5t to an application ( pota%1 provid$ ! latt] actually exi/s 9 ! soil4 8,pota% is export$ 9 ! tobacco crop to ! am\nt ( #gj-hj lb4 p] acre ye>ly1 & is requir$ = ! /alks to ! ext5t ( "s #ej lb41 mak+ a total ( #abj-acj lb4 ,z already intimat$1 pota% does n commonly wa/e f ! soil by wa%+4 ,x is seldom f\nd 9 appreciable quantity 9 well or dra9 wat]1 & mo/ soils absorb x & fix x s firmly t wat] c remove x b v sl[ly4 ,x does1 h[ev]1 appe> 9 ! dra9 wat] f v heavily dung$ fields1 ?\gh 9 small proportion4 ,/able or y>d manure on ! av]age conta9s "o-half p] c5t4 ( pota%1 or #aj lb4 p] ton4 ,twelve or ?irte5 tons ( /able manure w\ld !re=e conta9 ! pota% ne$ful to produce a crop4 ,! dress+ ( #bj tons ( #aj cords ( /able manure1 p] acre1 :i* is (t5 employ$ on tobacco1 is d\btless en\gh to fully supply ! crop1 & ! application ( additional pota% is app>5tly q unnecess>y4 ,! employm5t ( pota% salts ^u tobacco l&s w\ld !re=e seem to be uncall$ = unless ! am\nt ( /able manure is greatly dim9i%$1 or its quality is v inf]ior4 ,9 case pota% salts are to be appli$1 ! be/ =m to make use ( is pota% sulphate1 ( :i* #bej lb4 conta9s #ace ( pota%4 ,next to ?is is probably pota% c>bonate1 i4 e4 ! ord9>y pota% ( comm]ce1 :i* conta9s "s #gj p] c5t4 ( pota%2 #bjj lb4 ( ?is w\ld be suffici5t = an acre4 ,to apply x ,i w\ld sugge/ break+ x up into small pieces & soak+ x 9 two or ?ree times its weight ( wat] until ! lumps cru% easily1 & mix+ ^! ) s mu* gr\nd gypsum z w make a mass dry en\gh to h&le4 8,ka9it1 :i* conta9s "s #ae to #bj p] c5t4 ( pota%1 b also #aj p] c5t4 or m ( *lor9e1 is n s good = leaf tobacco1 & lea/ ( all to be recomm5d$ is potassium *loride 7muriate ( pota%7 :i* is ne>ly half *lor9e4 8,magnesia is an elem5t :i* is abundantly provid$ = 9 /able manure1 e ton ( :i*1 accord+ to analyses on record1 conta9s "s #c lb4 ( ?is sub/ance4 8,lime is suppli$ 9 relative abundance 9 /able manure1 ! av]age ton ( :i* conta9s "s #ae lb4 ,we h se5 t #fjj lb4 ( gypsum conta9 z mu* lime z ! av]age tobacco crop3 guano1 dry fi%1 & sup]phosphate1 ea* conta9s "s #e-aj p] c5t4 ( lime4 ,!re is1 fur!rmore1 little likelihood t any soil int5d$ = tobacco w\ld n ( itself conta9 en\gh lime to support ! crop4 ,lime 9 ! cau/ic /ate has1 h[ev]1 a value indep5d5t ( its direct nutritive p[]1 :i* is well wor? ! att5tion ( ! tobacco rais]4 ,( ?is ,i %all write briefly 9 a subsequ5t p>agraph4 8,nitrog5 9 absolutely dry ,new ,engl& tobacco leaf ranges f #cb to #ea p] c5t41 or #dbd z ! av]age4 ,?is is a l>g] proportion ?an exi/s 9 any ( our ord9>y field crops1 except ! se$s ( legumes4 ,! gra9 ( :eat & r$ clov] hay conta9 :5 dry sc>cely #b p] c5t41 & !y exce$ all o!r usually rais$ vegetable products1 except ! legum9\s se$s4 ,! pea & bean conta91 :5 dry1 #de to #dg p] c5t4 ( nitrog54 ,! acreage export ( nitrog5 is nev]!less n l>ge accord+ to ! data ( our tables4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! av]age is d]iv$ f #e samples only4444 ,!re are reasons to suppose t ?is result is too l[4 ,fur!rmore x is n improbable t tobacco loses nitrog5 dur+ ! cur+ process40 ,! advantages ( artificial manur+ h be5 made manife/ 9 all bran*es ( agriculture1 & !re is no d\bt t ! nitrog5\s qualities ( f>my>d dung may be replac$ by soda nitrate1 ammonia sulphate1 c41 only x mu/ be rememb]$ t ^! h n ne>ly ! la/+ effect ( dung1 ! latt] lib]at+ its ammonia b sl[ly4 ,inde$ 8:5 a soil has be5 heavily dung$ = a t]m ( ye>s1 x accumulates a l>ge quantity ( nitrog51 :i* is comp>atively in]t & !re=e ne>ly useless to crops4 ,quicklime assi/s to conv]t ?is nitrog5 into ! active =ms ( ammonia or nitrates10 h5ce ,pr(4 ,johnson's sugge/ion t an 8application ( lime may sometimes be advantage\sly sub/itut$ = "o ( /able manure4 ,9 fact1 x is n improbable t mod]ate doses ( lime might be turn$ "u ) /able manure or gre5 crops1 ) ! effect ( exalt+ ! action ( ^! f]tiliz]s1 & obta9+ f !m a l>g] return ( nitrog5\s plant food4 ,lime1 h[ev]1 gives effect to ! nitrog5 ( ! soil by caus+ ! de/ruction ( ! organic matt]s--humus--9 :i* ?is nitrog5 lies 9 an inactive /ate4 ,^! organic matt]s h !mselves a value indep5d5t ( _! nitrog51 :i* mu/ be tak5 acc\nt (1 & !re=e ! use ( lime mu/ be und]tak5 cauti\sly1 & ) an intellig5t compreh5sion ( ! v>i\s effects :i* x may produce40 ,rotation4--,a prop] rotation ( crops is p>ticul>ly advantage\s = ! cultivation ( tobacco1 s9ce x requires a great am\nt ( readily accessible inorganic matt] 9 ! soil1 especially pota% & lime4 ,al?\gh ! importance ( cultivat+ tobacco 9 rotation is admitt$1 !re may be circum/ances t ju/ify ! gr[? ( ?is crop consecutively = sev]al ye>s 9 ! same field4 ,9 ,am]ica1 tobacco is gr[n successively = sev]al ye>s on new l&1 :]e ! elem5ts ( plant food exi/ 9 su* abundance t ! crop may be ?us cultivat$ )\t = a "t %[+ any notable decrease 9 yield2 x is ev5 said t ! outturn ( ! second ye> is heavi] ?an t ( ! fir/4 ,9 ,hung>y & ,holl&1 ! be/ tobacco is gr[n = _m ye>s 9 succession on ! same l&4 ,!re ! plan is adopt$ p>tly out ( necessity & p>tly = conv5i5ce4 ,! small l&hold] is (t5 oblig$ to gr[ tobacco on ! same field1 because he has only "o prop]ly fitt$ = x2 = conv5i5ce1 he gr[s x e ye> on ! same place ne> 8 home/ead1 to all[ ( ! close/ att5tion to ! crop1 b he manures heavily4 ,nessl]1 9 ,c>lsruhe1 cultivat$ tobacco dur+ six consecutive ye>s 9 ! same field1 )\t notic+ any p]ceptible decrease 9 yield or quality4 ,to admit ( su* a sy/em1 ! soil mu/ ei!r be v ri* 9 ! ess5tial elem5ts1 or be heavily manur$1 z is ! practice 9 ,holl&4 ,x is g5]ally assum$ t1 :5 tobacco is gr[n on ! same field 9 succession1 ! leaves d n become s l>ge aft] ! fir/ ye>1 b gr[ ?ick] & m gummy1 & conta9 less wat]4 ,f ! =ego+1 x w\ld appe> t1 al?\gh tobacco may be gr[n successfully on ! same l& un9t]rupt$ly "u special circum/ances1 ! cultivator w f9d x advantage\s to adopt "s plan ( rotation4 ,c]eals & pulses are v well adapt$ = ?is purpose1 ! reason be+ t tobacco removes b little phosphoric acid f ! soil1 & ?us leaves x ri* 9 ! elem5t mo/ necess>y = ! gr[? ( c]eals4 ,x has also be5 f\nd t hemp ?rives p>ticul>ly well aft] tobacco4 ,judson ,pop5oe sugge/s t !re 8%\ld be a good coat ( clov] to pl\gh "u2 if ! gr\nd is naturally ri*1 ?is alone w make a good crop1 b hog & /able manure1 well rott$1 is :at ! tobacco1 z well z any o!r crop1 delights 91 & ! m manure ! bett] ! tobacco4 ,! plan t ,i am n[ exp]im5t+ on is1 z soon z ,i cut my tobacco 9 ! fall ,i give ! gr\nd a good h>r[+1 & !n drill 9 :eat2 ! gr\nd be+ well cultivat$ all ! fall1 is cle> ( we$s & mell[ & ne$s no pl\gh+4 ,9 ! spr+ ,i s[ clov]1 aft] ! :eat is (f2 ,i keep ! /ock (f until ab\t ,septemb]1 to give ! clov] a *ance to h>d5 & spread4 ,i !n let ! /ock eat z l[ z !y want to1 :i* drives ! clov] to root1 & causes ! cr[n to spread2 ,i d n suff] /ock to run on ! clov] dur+ w9t] or spr+2 ab\t ! la/ ( ,may or fir/ ( ,june ,i pl\gh ! clov] "u1 :i* is n[ 9 blossom1 & s ,i alt]nately keep two fields 9 tobacco & :eat1 at ! same "t fe$+ ! gr\nd a crop ( clov] e two ye>s2 9 ?is way ,i expect my l& to increase 9 f]tility all ! "t4 ,! clov] turn$ "u makes food = ! cut-worms1 & !y tr\ble ! tobacco-plants b little40 ,selection ( ,sort4--,! cultivator mu/ c>efully comp>e ! requirem5ts ( ! diff]5t sorts1 & ! means at 8 disposal to satisfy !m1 be=e mak+ 8 selection4 ,?\gh tobacco is a h>dy plant1 & gr[s "u v>i$ conditions1 yet to become a remun]ative crop1 ! plant %\ld n be plac$ "u circum/ances v dissimil> f ^? to :i* x has be5 accu/om$4 ,by import+ se$ ( a f9e sort directly f its native l&1 ! plants w n reta9 9 ! new habitat all _! special qualities1 unless climate1 soil & treatm5t are ne>ly ! same4 ,climate mu/ fir/ be consid]$4 ,f9e & valuable tobacco is a product ( tropical c\ntries3 9 a w>m & humid climate1 by employ+ common means1 tobacco may be made to yield a pr(it n atta9able 9 less fav\r$ regions4 ,a w>m1 moi/ climate p]mits ! selection ( ^? sorts t comm& ! highe/ prices2 if to ?is be add$ a suitable soil1 & prop] treatm5t1 ! cultivation ( tobacco yields a pr(it n easily obta9able f any o!r crop4 ,z ! ,havanna tobaccos comm& ! highe/ prices1 ! cultivator ne>ly ev]y:]e attempts to introduce & cultivate !m4 ,!re is no great difficulty 9 rais+ plants ( ^! v>ieties1 b !y spe$ily deg5]ate & =m new v>ieties1 if ! climatic conditions1 c41 are n fav\rable4 ,virg9ian tobacco 0 previ\sly ext5sively cultivat$1 b has ( late be5 frequ5tly replac$ by ! ,m>yl& k9d4 ,x is /ill mu* fav\r$ by cultivators 9 temp]ate climates1 z x does n require a high temp]ature4 ,on acc\nt ( its botanical *>act]i/ics1 x is usually n mu* lik$ by manufactur]s ( cig>s2 "s v>ieties1 h[ev]1 t h less ( ! m>k$ specific *>act]s1 yield tol]ably f9e leaves = cig>s4 ,z ! price ( ?is tobacco is r l[1 x is n s well suit$ = export4 ,hung>ian tobacco is consid]$ to be v h>dy1 b is less valuable ?an ! =ego+4 ,! leaves are g5]ally small1 & possess a peculi> aroma4 ,a high price is g5]ally comm&$1 irrespective ( ! species1 by ^? tobaccos t possess a l>ge1 smoo?1 ?91 ela/ic leaf1 possess+ a f9e gold5 col\r & a good aroma2 ! ribs & ve9s %\ld be ?91 & ! =m] %\ld bran* (f f ! midrib at ne>ly "r angles1 & %\ld be f> ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,! l[] ! p]c5tage ( ! weight 9 ribs1 ! ?9n] & broad] ! leaf1 & ! few] ! leaves torn1 ! m wrapp]s c be cut out ( #a lb4 ( tobacco1 o!r conditions be+ equal1 & consequ5tly ! high] is ! price ( ! article4 ,! cig>-manufactur] (t5 does n appreciate ! aroma s mu* z ! o!r qualities4 ,he c d no?+ to improve ! botanical *>act]s3 ! f9e/ aromatic leaf w\ld be ( little value to him if x 7 torn2 b he is to a c]ta9 ext5t able artificially to improve defects 9 flav\r4 ,( all k9ds1 ,m>yl& is consid]$ to possess ! qualities t di/+ui% a good tobacco 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,"s ( ! ,havanna tobaccos belong to ?is sort1 z also ! ,ohio1 ,am]s=t1 ,turki%1 & ,dutt5 tobaccos4 ,its cultivation assumes l>g] proportions e ye>1 & ! numb] ( v>ieties & sub-v>ieties increases accord+ly4 ,p]haps ! f9e/ wrapp]s = cig>s are gr[n 9 ,manilla4 ,on ?is subject1 ,judson ,pop5oe rem>ks t he has 8cultivat$ v>i\s k9ds ( tobacco1 b h come to ! conclusion t :at we call ! ,ohio se$-leaf is ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable k9d = g5]al cultivation4 ,!re are o!r k9ds ( tobacco t sometimes are pr(itable1 & d well1 b mo/ ( ^! d n cure out s well1 nor col\r s ev5ly1 nor are !y s f9e & saleable z ! se$-leaf4 ,! ,havanna tobacco is too small & has n ! f9e flav\r ( ! import$4 ,! ,connecticut se$-leaf ,i believe to be id5tical ) our ,ohio se$-leaf2 ! diff]5ce 9 ! climate may make a slight v>iation 9 ! quality1 b we plant ! ,connecticut se$-leaf "h 9 ,ohio1 & ,i d n ?9k !y c be told ap>t40 ,s*neid] recomm5ds ! foll[+ v>ieties3 8#a4 ,connecticut se$-leaf1 pr9cipally = cig>-wrapp]s2 #b4 ,cuba1 = fill]s & wrapp]s2 #c4 ,m>yl&2 #d4 ,virg9ia1 ! la/ two pr9cipally = smok+ & *ew+ tobacco4 ,= snuff ev]y?+ may be us$1 ! refuse & ev5 ! /ems4 ,! ,connecticut1 ,m>yl&1 & ,virg9ia yield ! l>ge/ crops1 ! ,cuba ! smalle/ b be/4 ,! fir/ v>ieties yield ab\t "o ?\s& p\nds1 ! latt] five hundr$ p\nds4 ,9 v fav\rable seasons d\ble ! am\nt may be rais$4 ,all tobacco-se$1 :i* is remov$ f its native clime & soil1 w det]iorate1 & ! se$ mu/ be r5ew$ f its native place1 al?\gh ! se$ may1 :5 x f9ds fav\rable soil1 c41 yield j z good1 if n a bett] v>iety40 ,9 ,virg9ia1 rem>ks ,?omas1 !re are 8z _m v>ieties ( tobacco-se$ z ( corn or :eat4 ,i w "n a few3 ,! ,big ,fr$]ic1 ! ,little ,fr$]ic1 ! ,blue ,/alk1 ! ,brittle ,/em1 ! ,big ,or9oco1 ! ,little ,or9oco1 & half-a-doz5 o!rs1 ea* hav+1 or suppos$ to h1 "s *>act]i/ic di/+ui%+ x f all ! o!rs4 ,b ! ,brittle ,/em & ! ,or9ocos 7 ! v>ieties mo/ly cultivat$1 ! =m] = its e>ly maturity1 ! latt] = its comp>ative heav9ess4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties1 also1 9 ?is vic9ity1 su* z ! ,brittle ,/em1 ! ,graham ,tobacco1 & ! ,cuban1 b ! names convey little c]ta9 in=mation1 z ! same v>ieties be> diff]5t names 9 diff]5t localities4 ,b "s v>ieties are evid5tly to be pref]r$ to o!rs--"o not$ = e>ly maturity1 all ?+s else equal1 is pref]able to ano!r t rip5s late4 ,"o di/+ui%$ = f95ess ( texture1 all ?+s else equal1 is bett] ?an ano!r ( co>s] fibre1 c4 ,^u ! :ole1 ! sure/ & mo/ pr(itable v>iety is t :i* rip5s e>lie/1 & yields ! l>ge/ numb] ( p\nds1 cur$1 to a giv5 numb] ( hills plant$40 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,p]ry ,hull1 a gr[] 9 ,lit*field c\nty1 ,connecticut1 8! v>iety be/ adapt$ to our purpose is t kn[n 9 ?is ,/ate z ! ,bull ,tongue4 ,! leaf is nei!r too long nor too %ort2 ! l5g? & wid? be+ 9 su* good proportion t manufactur]s consid]$ !re is less wa/e ?an !re is to a v long n>r[ leaf1 or a v broad %ort leaf4 ,x yields well1 & rip5s at lea/ "o week e>li] ?an-_m ( ! broad] v>ieties4 ,almo/ any ( ! se$-leaf v>ieties w d well2 b nev] patronize any ( ! humbugs s5t f ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 "u ! "n ( ,graham tobacco1 ,m>yl& broad leaf1 c4 ,!y are a ,s\!rn tobacco1 & :5 gr[n ^u t soil1 make *ew+-tobacco2 b "h x is good = no?+ = t purpose1 & is too co>se = cig>-wrapp]s40 ,accord+ to ,d5nis1 an ,indiana plant]1 8selection ( se$ dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( l& y h & ! quality ( tobacco y wi% to raise4 ,ri*1 f]tile bottom-l&s w gr[ only heavy1 /rong tobacco1 & x is ! int]e/ ( ! f>m] to select t k9d ( se$ t w produce ! plant ( ! greate/ weight2 9 o!r words1 to make weight ! prom95t object 9 ! result ( ! crop4 ,?9n]1 poor] l& w produce tobacco ( light] weight1 b ( f9] & m desirable quality1 & "o t w br+ a correspond+ly high] price4 ,! ,or9oco tobacco is rais$ ext5sively 9 ,miss\ri & ,k5tucky = heavy tobacco1 & is kn[n 9 m>ket z ,k5tucky ,leaf4 ,! se$ = ! f9] qualities passes 7z does ! o!r also7 "u diff]5t names1 b may be procur$ 9 ,pike & ,call[ay c\nties1 ,miss\ri1 & 9 ,virg9ia2 ! ,or9oco1 & k9dr$ k9ds1 9 ,h[>d & ,*>iton c\nties 9 ,miss\ri4 ,i %\ld sugge/ t ! se$ may be procur$ ?r\gh ! ag5ts ( express-companies at ,glasg[1 ,brunswick1 & ,r5ick = ! ,or9oco1 & at ,l\isiana or ,fulton = ! o!r qualities4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! culture ( ! co>s]1 heavi] k9ds1 = ! reason t ! f9] quality ne$s mu* m c>e & exp]i5ce 9 ! h&l+1 9 ord] t x may g into m>ket 9 a condition to comm& su* a price z its quality1 :5 well h&l$1 entitles x to40 ,9 ! words ( ,libh>t1 a ,p5nsylvanian f>m]1 ! 8be/ v>iety = cultivation 9 a high nor!rn latitude is ! ,connecticut se$-leaf1 z x rip5s two weeks e>li] ?an mo/ any o!r v>iety1 cures & col\rs bett]1 & comm&s ! highe/ price 9 ! m>ket4 ,! ,p5nsylvania se$-leaf out/rips ! ,connecticut 9 size & weight1 b ow+ to its requir+ a long] "t to mature 91 is n s well adapt$ to climates nor? ( #da or #db40 ,an exp]i5c$ ,miss\ri gr[]1 nam$ ,pursley1 rem>ks t !re 8are m ?an tw5ty di/9ct v>ieties1 ( :i* ,i w only m5tion ! mo/ valuable3--,! ,yell[ ,prior1 ,blue ,prior1 ,or9oco1 ,little ,fr$]ic1 ,big ,fr$]ic1 ,cuba1 & ,spani% tobacco4 ,^! are consid]$ ! mo/ valuable 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,! ,yell[ ,prior & ,or9oco are ! mo/ pr(itable4 8,i pref] ! ,yell[ ,prior1 z x is ! easie/ cultivat$ & is ! mo/ f9e & smoo? ( ! _m v>ieties4 ,"s gr[]s pref] ! ,or9oco1 on acc\nt ( x be+ ! heavie/4 ,i d n = v>i\s reasons3 x has l>ge /iff fibres & ruffl$ /alks1 :i* af=d hid+-places = insects2 x m\lds easi]1 is h>d] to cure1 & g5]ally does n br+ z good a price z ! ,yell[ ,prior40 ,se$4--,! be/ & /ronge/ plants are select$ = af=d+ se$4 ,^! are n 8topp$0 l ! rema9d] ( ! crop1 & are left /&+ :5 ! crop is ga!r$4 ,all suck]s are c>efully remov$ f ! /ems1 & sometimes f ! leaves also4 ,:5 ! crop is cut1 ! se$-/alks %\ld be /ak$1 to prev5t _! de/ruction by ! w9d4 ,z soon z ! se$-pods black51 ! se$ is ripe2 ! heads are !n cut (f bel[ ! =ks ( ! plant1 & are hung 9 a dry & safe place to cure4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to ga!r !m be=e fro/ has impair$ _! vitality4 ,dur+ leisure "t1 ! pods are /ripp$ f ! /alks1 & ! se$ is rubb$ out by h&1 & w9n[$4 ,its vitality is prov$ by its crackl+ :5 ?r[n ^u a hot /ove4 ,se$-b$s4--,a v light friable soil is necess>y = ! se$-b$s2 to obta9 ?is1 x %\ld be brok5 up to a dep? ( #a ft4 "s mon?s be=e ! s[+ season4 ,a dra9 is dug ar\nd ! b$s1 & ! soil is utiliz$ 9 rais+ ! surface4 ,9 ,am]ica1 a v w>m & %elt]$ situation1 su* z ! s\? end ( a b>n1 is select$ = ! se$-b$s4 ,x is a common plan !re to burn a bru%-heap ov] ! gr\nd1 ?us supply+ pota% & kill+ we$s4 ,! "t = s[+ 9 ,am]ica is usually f ! middle ( ,m>* to ! #aj? ( ,april1 or z soon z ! gr\nd admits ( work+ 9 ! spr+2 9 ,india1 x dep5ds ^u ! locality3 :5 ! monsoon ra9s are v heavy1 x %\ld foll[ !m2 9 o!r cases1 x may prec$e !m4 ,unless ! soil be v ri* 9 humus1 x %\ld be heavily manur$ ) well-pres]v$ f>my>d manure soon aft] break+ up4 ,! soil ( a tobacco nurs]y _c conta9 too mu* organic matt]2 ! pres5ce ( mu* humus w prev5t1 to a great ext5t1 ! =mation ( a surface cru/1 :i* is s detrim5tal to ! developm5t ( ! plants dur+ _! e>ly gr[?1 & w also facilitate ! extraction ( ! plants :5 transplant+ takes place4 ,aft] a few weeks h elaps$1 ! soil %\ld be dug ov] a second "t1 & ! :ole be r$uc$ to a f9e til?4 ,! l& may n[ rema9 unt\*$ until ! s[+-"t1 unless we$s %\ld spr+ up3 ^! mu/ be eradicat$4 ,! area requir$ = a nurs]y dep5ds on ! area ( gr\nd to be plant$1 & on ! di/ance sep>at+ ! plants 9 ! field4 ,ab\t #a sq4 94 space %\ld be allott$ to ea* ( ! "y plants 9 ! nurs]y4 ,tak+ ! numb] to be #gbfj plants requir$ = an acre 7at #c ft4 #b ft471 & giv+ ea* plant #a sq4 94 ( room1 an area ( #gjjj sq4 94 or #ej sq4 ft4 w\ld raise plants suffici5t = an acre4 ,b z "s are injur$ dur+ gr[?1 _m r5d]$ useless 9 lift+ !m = transplant+1 & m ne$$ to replace ^? t die aft] transplant+1 d\ble ! numb] %\ld be rais$1 or #ajj sq4 ft4 ( nurs]y b$ = an acre4 ,! am\nt ( se$ requir$ = an acre dep5ds *iefly on its vitality4 ,an ounce conta9s ab\t #ajj1jjj se$s1 or suffici5t = ne>ly #g acres if all grew2 b z ev5 ! be/ has n a v high p]c5tage ( vitality1 -#a oz4 is g5]ally s[n to produce ! plants requir$ = "o acre4 ,s[+-"t hav+ arriv$1 ! nurs]y is divid$ into b$s1 mo/ conv5i5tly1 #aj ft4 long & #e ft4 wide1 mak+ #ej sq4 ft4 ea*1 on :i* plants = acre c easily be rais$4 ,z1 ev5 ) a small tobacco plantation1 sev]al days are requir$ = transplant+1 all ! b$s %\ld n be s[n at "o "t1 b at int]vals ( a few days4 ,?is w also less5 ! risk ( ! "y plants be+ all de/roy$ by a /orm1 insects1 c4 ,be=e s[+ ! se$1 ! soil is dug ov] to ! dep? ( #f in*es1 & levell$ ) a rake4 ,! se$ mu/ !n be s[n ev5ly on ! surface1 & beat5 d[n slightly ) ! h& or o!rwise4 ,! se$ be+ v small1 _m cultivators mix x ) a%es1 or pulv]iz$ gypsum1 9 ord] to di/ribute x regul>ly ov] ! b$4 ,! se$ mu/ be cov]$ only slightly1 be/ done by /rew+ a little f9e compo/ manure ov] x4 ,ants1 :i* (t5 de/roy ! se$s1 may be kept (f by spr9kl+ "s a%es ov] ! b$4 ,f9ally cut /raw may be scatt]$ ov] ! surface4 ,9 ,india1 to protect ! nurs]y f ! sun & ra91 ! :ole is cov]$ ) a ro( made ( /raw1 leaves1 or clo?1 support$ by poles1 at only a few feet above ! gr\nd4 ,! soil mu/ be kept con/antly moi/1 b n wet2 weak liquid manure may be us$ = wat]+4 ,mu* "t is sav$ by />t+ ! se$ 9 a w>m room be=e s[+4 ,! plants1 :i* w appe> ab\t a week aft] s[+1 are v t5d] dur+ ! fir/ /age ( _! gr[?1 & require frequ5t wat]+ ?r\gh a f9e rose4 ,! /raw w n[ prev5t ! wat] fall+ ) any =ce imm$iately on ! plants1 & its t5d5cy to wa% ! soil f ! f9e rootlets4 ,if ! plants spr+ up ?ickly1 !y are ?9n$ out1 :5 ab\t a week or two old1 leav+ ab\t #a sq4 94 = ea*4 ,^? tak5 out may be us$ to fill blanks 9 ! nurs]y b$1 or1 if m plants are tak5 out ?an are requir$ = ?is purpose1 !y %\ld be plant$ 9 a sep>ate b$4 ,x is univ]sally ackn[l$g$ t plants transplant$ :5 v "y develop m roots1 gr[ m vigor\sly1 & become m h>dy aft]w>ds1 ?an :5 n transplant$ at ?is /age4 ,:5 ! plants are ab\t two weeks old1 !y require less att5tion1 & %\ld be wat]$ less frequ5tly1 to h>d5 !m be=e transplant+4 ,any we$s appe>+ mu/ be remov$1 & injuri\s insects mu/ be kill$4 ,9 ab\t #g-h weeks aft] s[+1 ! plants w be fit = transplant+4 ,b[ie1 a ,m>yl& plant]1 gives 8 exp]i5ce 9 ! foll[+ words3--8,aft] a ?or\gh burn+ ( bru%1 dig deep1 & cont9ue to dig1 rake1 & *op until e clod1 root1 & /one be remov$2 !n level & pulv]ize nicely ) a rake4 ,z to ! v>iety to plant1 ,i ?9k ! ,cuba is a v good k9d = our climate4 ,! ,connecticut se$-leaf is ! be/1 b culture has m ?an any?+ else to d ) ! quality4 ,mix #a gill ( se$ = e #aj squ>e y>ds ) a qu>t ( pla/] or sift$ a%es1 & s[ x regul>ly 9 ! same mann] t g>d5]s s[ small se$s1 only ) a heavi] h&2 roll ) a h&-roll] or tramp x ) ! feet4 ,if ! b$ is s[n e>ly1 x ought to be cov]$ ) bru% free f leaves2 b x is n necess>y to cov] x aft] ! middle ( ,m>*4 ,tobacco-b$s may be s[n at any "t dur+ ! w9t] if ! gr\nd be n too wet or froz54 ,! be/ "t = s[+ is f ! #aj? to ! #bj? ( ,m>*1 ?\gh x is safe/ to s[ at int]vals1 :5ev] ! l& is 9 f9e ord] = work+4 ,nev] s[ unless ! l& is 9 good ord]1 = ! "w w be ?r[n away if ! l& be too moi/ or be n p]fectly prep>$4 ,! b$s mu/ be kept free f grass or we$s1 :i* mu/ be pick$ out "o at a "t by ! f+]s4 ,x is a t$i\s & tr\blesome op]ation1 !re=e y %\ld be v c>eful n to use any manures on y\r b$s :i* h grass or we$-se$s 9 !m4 ,aft] ! plants are up1 !y %\ld receive a slight top-dress+ ( manure once a week1 s[n broadca/ by ! h&4 ,?is manure %\ld be compos$ ( bu%el ( unlea*$ a%es 7or #a bu%el ( burnt turf71 #a bu%el ( fre% virg9 woods-e>?1 #a gallon ( pla/]1 gallon ( soot1 #a qu>t ( salt dissolv$ 9 #b gallons ( liquid f b>ny>d1 & #d lb4 ( pulv]iz$ sulphur1 ! :ole well int]mix$4 ,let a l>ge quantity be got toge!r e>ly 9 ! spr+1 or w9t] r1 & put away 9 b>rels = use :5 want$4 ,?is1 & o!r su* mixtures1 h be5 f\nd efficaci\s 9 arre/+ ! ravages ( ! fly--bo? f ! frequ5t du/+ ( ! plants & ! increas$ vig\r :i* x imp>ts to !m1 !reby enabl+ ! plant ! soon] to get out ( ! t5d] /ate 9 :i* ! fly is mo/ de/ructive to x4 ,! fly is a small black insect1 some:at l ! flea1 & delights 9 cold1 dry1 h>% wea!r1 b disappe>s ) ! mild %[]s & hot suns ( op5+ summ]4 ,if possible1 ! plants %\ld /& 9 ! b$ f in* to #a in* ap>t1 & if !y are too ?ick !y mu/ be rak$ :5 !y h g5]ally become z l>ge z #e or #aj-;c5t pieces4 ,! rake prop] = ! purpose %\ld be a small common rake1 ) iron tee? #c in*es long1 curv$ at ! po9ts1 tee? flat1 & in* wide1 & set in* ap>t40 ,s*neid]1 ^: success z an ,ill9ois plant] has already be5 m5tion$1 expresses himself ?us3--8,rais+ tobacco-plants f se$ is some:at simil> to rais+ cabbage-plants1 b is diff]5t 9 two important ?+s3 ,x takes consid]ably m "t = ! se$ to spr\t 7six weeks71 &1 on acc\nt ( di/urb+ ! roots1 _c well /& we$+4 ,!re=e ! pr9cipal c>e 9 provid+ ! se$-b$ is1 to prep>e = ! e>ly />t+ ( ! se$1 & to h ! b$ free f all we$-se$s4 ,9 ! ,we/ we prep>e ! se$-b$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 we take a plot ( l&--newly cle>$ l& is pref]r$--slop+ s\?w>d1 & protect$ aga9/ w9ds4 ,! b$ %\ld be #d feet broad & #h feet long2 on ?is we pile bru%1 wood1 & heavy logs1 suffici5t to keep up a /rong fire = at lea/ "o h\r1 & burn x4 ,:5 ! coals beg9 to die out1 or be=e ! soil is cold1 ! b$ is cle>$ (f1 & only ! f9e a%es are left2 !n x is ho$ ?or\ghly & z deep z ! /ronge/ heat has p5etrat$1 aft] :i* x is rak$ cross & l5g?wise1 until ! soil is entirely pulv]iz$4 ,ev]y?+ t might h9d] ! gr[+ ( ! plants1 & _! tak+ out aft]w>ds1 is c>efully remov$4 ,on ?is b$ a ?imbleful ( se$1 well mix$ ) a few h&fuls ( a%es or e>?1 is s[n broadca/1 & tramp$ 9 ) ! feet1 or slapp$ ) ! "u side ( ! spade or any o!r suitable in/rum5t4 ,aft] ?is1 ! b$ is ?or\ghly wett$ ) a weak manure-wat]1 #ab lb4 ( h5-dropp+s1 or #a lb4 ( soot 9 #aj gallons ( wat]1 & lightly cov]$ ) /raw4 ,! se$-b$ does n ne$ mu* att5tion at fir/1 if ! wea!r rema9s mild2 b if !re is dang] ( night-fro/s1 a lay] ( bru% mu/ be made1 & on ?is a lay] ( /raw #b to #d in*es ?ick1 accord+ to ! degree ( fro/4 ,! /raw is remov$ 9 ! morn+1 & put on aga9 at ev5+1 leav+ x (f entirely :5 ! nights are mild4 ,al?\gh ! se$-b$ is ready n[1 x mu/ n be left to itself1 & requires "s c>e4 ,! plants mu/ always h suffici5t moi/ure1 & if timely ra9s d n fall1 !y mu/ be wat]$ ) weak liquid manure z (t5 z ne$$4 ,%\ld we$s appe>1 not)/&+ all precautions1 !y mu/ be remov$ ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,! above-m5tion$ quantity ( se$ is suffici5t to raise plants = "o acre4 8,:oev] is 9 possession ( a hot-b$ c raise ! plants mu* easi]2 he c s[ lat] & h plants e>li] & ) m c]ta9ty4 ,b ev5 ! common b$ may be made into a k9d ( hot-b$4 ,! burn$ & ho$ surface soil is remov$ & put on "o side1 !n "o foot ( fre% horse-dung is laid on ! subsoil1 & ! surface soil put back aga94 ,bo>ds may be plac$ ar\nd1 cross-pieces laid ov] !m1 & ! /raw cov]+ put on ^!4 8,! e>li] ! "y plants are ready = transplant+ ! sur] ! tobacco crop w be4 ,m>* is ! late/ to make ! se$-b$ 9 ! op5 air1 & ,june ! late/ = transplant+4 ,"s "t may be ga9$ by keep+ ! se$ 9 damp e>? 9 ! room1 & s[ x 9 ! se$-b$ j be=e x comm5ces to spr\t40 ,hav+ select$ a suitable location1 says ,:ite1 a ,connecticut gr[]1 8next consid] h[ l>ge a b$ y w ne$4 ,t dep5ds on ! surface y int5d to plant out4 ,a b$ #b rods long1 by #ab feet wide1 w produce a suffici5t numb] ( good plants to set an acre4 ,on su* a b$ y %\ld spread a heavy coat ( good1 f9e1 well-rott$ manure1 at lea/ #b in*es ?ick2 let x be free f /raw or o!r litt]4 ,!n1 ) a good /rong back1 & long-h&l$ spade 7or o!r z y pref]71 spade up ! b$1 mix+ 9 ! manure v f9e4 ,h ready "s f9e dry bru%1 or ! l1 & spread ov] ! :ole surface2 set x on fire & burn to a%es4 ,a small quantity w answ] bett] ?an a v l>ge "o1 = if v mu* is burn$1 x is apt to d injury by burn+ ! soil4 ,! less quantity w t5d to de/roy any =eign se$ turn$ up1 & w>m ! gr\nd4 ,hav+ r$uc$ ! bru% to a%es1 take a f9e iron or /eel rake1 & proce$ to pulv]ize v f9ely ! :ole surface spad$ up4 ,aft] r$uc+ x to z f9e a /ate z possible1 & hav+ made x flat & level1 leave x till ! next day4 ,!n1 ) y\r rake1 c>efully rake ov] ! :ole b$2 x is n[ ready = ! se$4 ,s[ ! se$ on broadca/2 be c>eful to s[ x ev5 & true4 ,ab\t two ?imblefuls1 or a little less1 w be suffici5t = su* a b$4 ,x is bett] to h too little ?an too mu*1 z 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! plants w h room to =m ?ick /alky roots & well-spread leaves1 :ile 9 ! latt] !y w be cr[d$ ) sp9dl+ tops z well z small roots4 ,hav+ s[$ y\r se$1 take a good heavy g>d5-roll] & roll ! surface d[n h>d & smoo?4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a roll1 a v good sub/itute c be made by tak+ a piece ( #b-;in* plank1 say #ah in*es long by #ad in*es wide2 9 ! c5tre1 place an upright h&le4 ,) ?is spat ! b$ ov]1 be+ c>eful to d x ev5ly1 & to leave ! surface solid & level1 ! reasons = :i* y w aft]w>d discov] 9 we$+ & tak+ out plants to set 9 ! field4 ,?is %\ld be done 9 ! spr+1 z soon z ! gr\nd w p]mit1 say fir/ ( ,april1 if ! fro/ is out & ! gr\nd settl$4 ,! roll or spatt] w cov] ! se$ suffici5tly )\t any o!r cov]+4 ,to be able to s[ ! se$ ) ! lea/ tr\ble1 mix x 9 ?or\ghly ) wood-a%es or pla/]1 be=e s[+4 ,to obta9 plants e>li]1 y c mix y\r se$ ?or\ghly 9 ab\t a qu>t ( light *ip dirt f "u y\r wood-%$2 put x 9 "s prop] vessel1 & wet to ! consi/5ce ( s(t putty1 ) wat] z w>m z c be well borne by ! h&4 ,set x on ! mantle-%elf 9 ! kit*51 n too ne> ! /ove or fire1 b :]e x w keep w>m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a week or t5 days1 ! se$ w h crack$ ! %ell1 & w %[ ! small :ite g]m or spr\t4 ,x %\ld n[ be s[$ broadca/ v ev5ly1 & treat z be=e describ$4 ,if prop]ly wet at fir/1 x w ne$ no m wat] to spr\t ! se$4 ,be=e s[+1 pulv]ize ! mass conta9+ ! se$1 to facilitate ! s[+4 ,hav+ ?us s[n & roll$ d[n y\r b$ v nicely1 x is well to h some?+ to protect x f ! encroa*m5t ( ! f[ls4 ,= ?is purpose1 spread a net ( tw9e or a few bru% ov] ! surface1 cov]+ x s t !y may n di/urb ! surface by scrat*+ & wall[+4 ,x may n[ be left till ! we$s beg9 to make _! appe>ance2 ^! y w ne$ to extract by ! roots z soon z ! plants c be di/+ui%$2 ^! la/ may be kn[n by two v small ne>ly r\nd leaves op5+ ov] flat on ! gr\nd4 ,n[ procure a plank or "s sub/itute a little long] ?an y\r b$ is wide1 also two blocks #e or #f in*es squ>e1 z long or long] ?an y\r plank is wide2 place "o on "o side ( ! b$1 ! o!r on ! opposite side2 on ^! two blocks place y\r plank1 & y w h a f9e plat=m on :i* y c sit & we$ any "p1 or all1 ( y\r b$1 by mov+ x z occasion may require4 ,to assi/ 9 pull+ out ! we$s1 procure a mod]ately %>p-po9t$ knife1 & ) ! same grasp$ 9 ! h& ) ! ?umb ne> ! po9t1 p9* out ! we$s1 be+ c>eful n to di/urb ! dirt any m ?an absolutely necess>y4 ,! process ( we$+ mu/ be repeat$ z (t5 z necess>y1 to keep ! b$ clean f we$s40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,obvi\sly1 no fro/ mu/ be all[$ to rea* ! se$b$ :5 once s[+ has tak5 place4 ,to prev5t ?is1 & = ano!r purpose to be describ$ pres5tly1 ,p]ry ,hull advises ! con/ruction ( a /raw mat1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #d1 :i* is v light to h&le1 easily made1 & suffici5tly /rong to la/ "o season4 ,x is made 8by lay+ a scantl+ 7#f feet long1 #a in*es wide1 in* ?ick7 ^u ! b>n floor2 place a lay] ( good /raight rye-/raw ^u x1 s t ! scantl+ w come ab\t 9 ! middle ( ! /raw1 !n ano!r lay] ) ! tips ! o!r way1 t x may be ( uni=m ?ickness 9 all its p>ts 7ab\t #a in*es ?ick74 ,place a simil> scantl+ exactly ov] x1 & ) sixp5ny nails1 nail !m tight2 ) an axe trim bo? edges /raight1 & to a wid? ( #c feet1 & ! mat is made4 ,) ^! ! b$s %\ld be cov]$ e night1 cold or w>m2 9 ! daytime !y %\ld be set up at ! nor? side ( ! b$1 at an angle ( ab\t #fe degrees1 by driv+ crot*es j inside ( ! b$1 = ! end ( ! scantl+ to re/ 91 ! l[] edge ( ! mat re/+ on ! gr\nd1 outside ! b$4 8,! plants1 z soon z !y are out ( ! gr\nd1 :i* w be 9 a few days1 require /rict att5tion4 ,! b$s %\ld be made high en\gh1 s t 9 fair wea!r a little wat] c be appli$ e night4 ,aft] ! f\r? leaf appe>s1 manure-wat] %\ld be us$4 ,place an old b>rel ne> ! b$s1 & ?r[ into x bu%el ( h5-manure1 & fill ) wat]2 aft] x is well soak$1 use pailful ( x1 & fill up ) cle> wat] ) ! *ill tak5 (f4 ,z ! plants get l>g]1 ! /r5g? ( ! infusion c be increas$1 be+ c>eful t x is n s /rong z to turn ! plants yell[4 ,z soon z ! plants are l>ge en\gh to be readily tak5 hold ( by ! ?umb & po9t ( a knife1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ to ab\t #add p] squ>e foot1 & kept free f we$s4 ,?is plan is decid$ly pref]able to rais+ "u glass4 ,x is less exp5sive1 ! plants are m h>dy to set out 9 ! field1 are got fully z e>ly1 & a little c>elessness on a hot day w n ru9 ! :ole4 ,x has be5 my me?od = ! pa/ #h ye>s1 & dur+ t "t ,i h nev] fail$ to h good /rong plants ready = ! field betwe5 ! #e? & #aj? ( ,june40 ,mitj51 ^: essay on tobacco-gr[+ 9 ,cuba has be5 already m5tion$1 recomm5ds a sy/em ( %ade frames borne on small tramway trucks1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #e--7;a7 se$ b$s1 rais$ above ! surr\nd+ level2 7b7 light po9t$ cov]s ( ?at* on a wood5 frame1 & provid$ ) groov$ :eels2 7c7 rails on :i* ! frames run1 facilitat+ _! application or removal z ! vicissitudes ( ! wea!r may dem&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,field4--,l& int5d$ to be plant$ ) tobacco %\ld receive sev]al pl\gh+s n less ?an #i in*es deep4 ,z a rule1 clay requires to be m deeply pl\gh$ ?an s&y or loamy soil4 ,x greatly conduces to success1 if ! l& is all[$ to lie fall[ = sev]al mon?s be=e plant+ ! crop1 to admit ( ! prop] prep>ation ( ! soil1 by pl\gh+1 roll+1 h>r[+1 c41 & to all[ ! atta9m5t ( z f9e a til? z is usual 9 g>d5s4 ,no crop w bett] repay ! exp5se ( prop] prep>ation ( ! soil ?an tobacco2 ! f95ess ( ! leaf & ! aroma ( ! tobacco dep5d to a great degree ^u ?is4 ,! l& %\ld be ridg$ imm$iately be=e plant+4 ,! di/ance ap>t at :i* to make ! ridges is gov]n$ by ! quality ( ! soil & ! sort ( plant to be rais$4 ,) good soil1 ! ridges mu/ be f>!r ap>t ?an 9 a poor "o1 because ( produc+ l>g] leaves4 ,! ridges %\ld all[ a passage betwe5 ! r[s1 = ! purpose ( we$+1 hoe+1 suck]+1 c41 )\t break+ ! leaves4 ,9 ! l9es1 ! plants may be #f 94-#a ft4 clos] ?an ! ridges4 ,9 "s places1 a pl\gh is run at "r angles across ! ridges be=e plant+1 at ! di/ance at :i* ! plants h to /& 9 ! l9es1 ?us =m+ small hills on :i* ! se$l+s are plant$4 ,plant+4--,plant+ %\ld take place only 9 ! ev5+ 7or ev5 at night 9 ,india71 unless ! wea!r be cl\dy1 :5 x may be p]=m$ dur+ ! :ole day4 ,"s h\rs be=e comm5c+ to transplant1 ! nurs]y %\ld be ?or\ghly wat]$1 to facilitate ! removal ( ! plants1 )\t te>+ _! roots4 ,if ! plants are ( ev5 size1 s t all c be remov$1 ! be/ plan is to take !m out ) a spade1 or tr[el1 leav+ a lump ( soil on ea*4 ,b 9 mo/ cases1 x w be necess>y to take up ea* plant sep>ately2 ?is %\ld be done v c>efully1 hold+ ) ! ?umb & =ef+] z ne> z possible to ! roots1 & draw+ out ! plants1 if possible1 ) a little soil adh]+ to _! roots41 ,! plants are tak5 at once 9 a basket to ! field = plant+4 ,an att5dant go+ betwe5 two ridges places a plant on ea* hill1 "r & left4 ,"o att5dant is suffici5t = two plant]s1 :o foll[ imm$iately4 ,! plant+ is ne>ly ! same z ) cabbages1 b requires m c>e1 ! plants be+ m t5d]1 & _! roots & leaves spr++ ne>ly f ! same po9t1 !y are m difficult to h&le4 ,! plants %\ld be plac$ 9 a holl[ made on ea* hill1 :i* w s]ve z a res]voir = ! wat] to be appli$1 & also af=d "s %ade4 ,9 ,india1 ! plants are wat]$ imm$iately aft] plant+2 !y %\ld also by "s means be %ad$ dur+ ! fir/ few days1 :i* c easily be done :5 only a small area is plant$1 b is r difficult to manage on a l>ge scale4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! %ade af=d$ by plant+ 9 a slight cavity mu/ suffice4 ,if ! plants h be5 tak5 f ! nurs]y ) "s soil adh]+ to _! roots1 & are kept suffici5tly moi/ dur+ ! fir/ few days1 few ( !m w die4 ,:5 ! wea!r is dry1 wat] %\ld be appli$ at morn+ & ev5+1 & aft] t "t1 once daily until ! plants h tak5 root1 aft] :i*1 occasional wat]+s1 v>y+ ) soil1 wea!r1 & k9d ( plant1 mu/ be giv54 ,9 dry wea!r1 & ) a soil poor 9 humus1 "o wat]+ e second or ?ird day may be necess>y1 :]eas ) a soil ri* 9 organic matt]1 & 9 a moi/ atmosph]e1 wat]+ may be entirely disp5s$ )4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few days1 ! wat] is appli$ ) a wat]+-pot1 held v l[1 o!rwise ! soil w\ld be wa%$ f ! plant-roots1 & expose !m to ! direct rays ( ! sun1 caus+ dea?4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! plants 9 :at is kn[n z qu9cunx ord]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #f1 is g5]ally adopt$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,?is "p ( ! op]ations connect$ ) tobacco-gr[+ is describ$ at "s l5g? by ,mitj5 s f> z ! practice rules 9 ,cuba4 ,8 translator rem>ks t 8z soon z ! l& has be5 prep>$1 x %\ld be furr[$ at a di/ance ( #a y>d betwe5 ea* two furr[s4 ,?is op]ation %\ld be simultane\s ) ! plant+1 & %\ld be done1 if possible1 aft] #c o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 & on cl\dy days1 s z to prev5t ! rec5tly set plants f be+ scor*$ by ! sun4 ,! furr[s %\ld run m or less f nor? to s\?1 z1 by mak+ !m 9 ?is direction1 ! plants are less injur$ by ! sun1 or ! /rong w9ds :i* g5]ally bl[ ab\t ! plant+ season4 ,imm$iately1 & beh9d ! man :o is furr[+1 ano!r %\ld foll[1 plac+ ! plants at e foot all along ! furr[1 & beh9d !m ano!r %\ld at once set ! plants1 ! fir/ walk+ 9 ! di/ance1 or bank1 & ! o!r 9 ! furr[4 ,! "o %\ld op5 ! l& ) 8 "r h&1 beh9d :i*1 ) 8 left1 ! o!r w place ! plant1 be+ c>eful nei!r to d\ble ! /alk nor ! roots1 &1 lett+ ! gr\nd fall directly on ! roots1 %\ld press x lightly on !m ) 8 h&4 ,! plants %\ld be buri$ half-way up ! /alk1 or1 if ! plant is small1 x %\ld be cov]$ to :]e ! leaves spread4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t ! plants h no dry m\ld /ick+ to _! roots1 & t no gr\nd f ! furr[ falls 9 ! c5tre or spr\t1 & :5 ! plant+ is go+ on1 ! gr\nd %\ld n be too wet4 ,! plants %\ld be set on ! side ( ! furr[1 & on t side :i* is next ! sett+ sun1 s t ! ris+ sun may /rike ^u !m1 & !y may be some:at protect$ f ! rays ( ! aft]noon sun4 8,g5]ally ! plants )] aft] be+ transplant$1 b on ! ?ird or f\r? day aft] !y are set !y beg9 to %oot up1 & on ! fif? day or ! six?1 ^? t h n tak5 root c be di/+ui%$4 ,!n1 & )\t loss ( "t1 o!rs %\ld be suppli$1 ?is op]ation be+ repeat$ at ! end ( ano!r #e or #f days1 s t ! :ole field may be well fill$ ) liv+ plants4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important op]ations = secur+ a good crop1 because ! fields w require z mu* cultivation & lab\r be/[$ on !m if !y h vacant spots z if !y 7 full & regul>ly plant$1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! yield w be less1 besides _m o!r evils well kn[n to practical vegu]os4 8,accord+ to ! be/ op9ions admitt$ among vegu]os1 "o man c take c>e ( #ab1jjj tobacco plants1 & prud5ce dictates t no m l& %\ld be plant$ ?an t :i* c be well att5d$ to1 z exp]i5ce %[s t 9 exce$+ ?is numb] = ea* man1 in/ead ( prov+ advantage\s to ! plant]1 x is frequ5tly ! cause ( consid]able loss4 ,excessive plant+ produces1 at once1 an increase ( lab\r1 & if1 un=tunately1 a h>d ye> %\ld occur1 occasion$ by cat]pill>s or o!r causes1 x almo/ always happ5s t ! man :o has only plant$ #ab1jjj plants1 = ea* lab\r] he c comm&1 produces f\r times z mu* tobacco1 & ( a bett] quality1 ?an he :o may h plant$ f #be1jjj to #cj1jjj plants p] lab\r]4 8,:5 ! plantations are out ( proportion to ! /r5g? ( ! lab\r :i* c be c\nt$ on1 all ! "w becomes sl[ly & badly done1 & ^! faults mo/ s5sibly prejudice bo? ! yield & ! quality ( ! crop1 & consequ5tly ! int]e/ ( ! plant]4 ,imm$iately aft] supply+ ! fields1 ! tobacco plants %\ld be c>efully inspect$1 almo/ daily1 9 ord] to ext]m9ate ! cat]pill>s ( e k9d t may be f\nd1 & ?is op]ation %\ld always be made dur+ ! morn+1 because 9 ! heat ( ! day ! worms are accu/om$ to hide !mselves f ! sun1 & ! w9d agitates ! leaves too /rongly to p]mit !m to be h&l$ )\t risk ( be+ brok5 or torn1 especially :5 !y are some:at l>ge40 ,aft]-cultivation4--,aft] ! plants h once tak5 root1 !y gr[ rapidly4 ,!y are ho$ :5 ab\t #f-i 94 high1 & ! soil is drawn f ! furr[s to raise ! hills1 ma9ta9+ a depression r\nd ! /ems4 ,if ! soil is n v ri*1 a special manure %\ld be appli$ at ?is /age ( gr[?4 ,! be/ manure g5]ally w be nitre 9 a liquid /ate1 :i* c be appli$ 9 ! depression ar\nd ! plants ) a wat]+-pot4 ,by apply+ x 9 solution & close to ! plant1 less is requir$ ?an :5 spread ov] ! :ole field4 ,"s weeks aft]w>ds1 ano!r hoe+ & heap+ ( e>? r\nd ! plants w be necess>y4 ,x is mo/ difficult to say ! numb] ( hoe+s :i* may be requir$ by a tobacco crop4 ,! g5]al rule to be foll[$ is to keep ! soil loose1 friable1 & free f we$s4 ,! m organic matt] ! soil conta9s1 ! m w x rema9 loose & friable2 ! less organic matt]1 ! m wat]+s w be requir$1 :i* causes ! soil to cru/ ov]1 & to assume a close texture1 & necessitates frequ5t hoe+s4 ,z long z ! plants h n spread mu*1 ! hoe+ may be done by a cultivator1 foll[$ by "s m5 to p]=m ! heap+4 ,insects :i* attack ! tobacco mu/ be c>efully s\ght = & kill$ at once4 ,!y c easily be discov]$ 9 ! morn+s2 if n kill$1 !y may de/roy ! :ole crop 9 a few days4 ,turkeys are invaluable = _! grub-eat+ prop5sities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,! ,,tobacco ,,worm4 ,worms1 9 ! ,am]ican phraseology1 "h g5]ally kn[n z cat]pill>s1 are ! bte noire ( ! tobacco gr[]4 ,! mo/ common is highly de/ructive also to ! potato & tomato foliage4 ,! worm z x comes f ! egg is s small z to be unobs]v$1 b hav+ an enorm\s appetite1 x dev\rs rapidly1 & soon gr[s to a great size4 ,:5 n fe$+1 x lifts up ! head & =e-"p ( ! body1 & rema9s app>5tly lifeless4 ,f its resemblance 9 ?is position to ! ,egyptian ,sph9x1 ,l9nu gave ! "n ,sph9x to ! g5us4 ,! l>va is ( a light gre5 col\r1 ) :iti% oblique /ripes1 & has a horn ^u ! re> end ( ! body4 ,?\gh x is repulsive 9 appe>ance1 x is p]fectly h>mless to t\*1 & may be pick$ (f ) ! h&s )\t fe>4 ,aft] x has rea*$ its full size1 x leaves ! sc5e ( its ravages & goes into ! e>?1 :]e x ?r[s (f its sk9 & becomes a br[n-col\r$ *rysalis4 ,! curi\s projection1 l a h&le1 at ! end ( ! *rysalis1 is a %ea? :i* holds ! tongue ( ! future mo?4 ,! mo? or p]fect insect is fully #b 94 long 9 ! body & ! spread ( its w+s rea*es #e 94 ,x is ( a grey col\r1 ) orange-col\r$ spots on ea* side ( ! body4 ,z !re are five ( ^! spots on ea* side1 x is call$ ,sph9x qu9que-maculatus1 or ,five-spott$ ,sph9x4 ,! mo?s may be se5 t[>ds night flitt+ ab\t ! fl[]s1 f :i* !y suck ! juices by means ( _! rem>kable tongue1 :i* is #e-f in*es long4 ,:5 ! tongue is n 9 use1 x is closely coil$ up & hidd5 betwe5 ! two feel]s4 ,f ! mann] ( _! flight & fe$+1 !y are frequ5tly mi/ak5 = humm+-birds1 & are call$ 8humm+-bird mo?s10 & 8horn-bl[]s40 ,! mo?s %\ld always be de/roy$ if possible2 by s do+ we prev5t ! production ( sev]al hundr$s ( mo/ de/ructive worms4 ,naturali/s make "o or two o!r species1 :i* closely resemble ! ,five-spott$ ,mo?1 & are only di/+ui%$ by *>act]s :i* w\ld n be notic$ except by ! entomologi/4 ,judson ,pop5oe gives ! foll[+ advice ) reg>d to ^! pe/s4 8,z soon z worms appe>1 :i* is g5]ally :5 ! leaves are z big z a man's h&1 g ov] ! tobacco1 look+ c>efully at e plant4 ,! worms usually /ay on ! "u side ( ! leaf2 if y see a hole 9 ! leaf1 no matt] h[ small1 raise x up & y w g5]ally f9d a worm "u x4 ,worm+ c n be done too c>efully4 ,miss "o or two worms on a plant1 & be=e y are aw>e ( x ! plant is ne>ly eat5 up4 ,:5 y f9d a worm1 take hold ( x ) ! ?umb & =ef+]1 giv+ y\r ?umb t peculi> twi/ :i* none b ^? :o are practis$ 9 x "k h[ to d1 & put ! prop] am\nt ( pressure on1 & my ^w = x y w r5d] 8 worm%ip h>mless4 ,worm+ has to be cont9u$ until ! tobacco is cut2 ! la/ worm+ to imm$iately prec$e cutt+ & h\s+40 ,s*neid] rem>ks t 8f ! fir/ />t+ ( ! tobacco plant1 x has its enemies4 ,fir/ appe>s a cutworm t works 9 ! soil & eats ! roots (f4 ,!n comes a little cat]pill> :i* enjoys itself on ! "y leaves1 & la/ly ! beautiful & l>ge tobacco-worm1 :i* eats into ! leaf1 & 9 a %ort "t leaves no?+ b ! leaf-/ems & /alk4 ,! only rem$ies aga9/ ^! enemies are ! vigilance & indu/ry ( ! plant]--look+ aft] !m1 digg+ up1 pick+1 & de/roy+ once or twice a day1 or z (t5 z !re are any traces ( !m4 ,*ildr51 to :om premiums are (f]$1 w be v successful 9 de/roy+ !m4 ,a h]d ( turkeys1 if giv5 access to ! tobacco-field1 are a v valuable help4 ,a negro f ,s\? ,c>ol9a told me a few days ago1 t a solution ( blue vitriol 9 wat]1 spr9kl$ ov] ! plants1 w kill ! worms4 ,! rem$y may be wor? try+4 ,( c\rse ! solution mu/ be made weak en\gh1 s t x w n de/roy ! plants z well z ! worms40 ,on ! same subject1 ,:ite recomm5ds ! plant] on ! 8next1 or at f>!/1 ! second morn+ aft] hav+ set y\r plants1 g ov] to see t ! worms d n eat up "o-half ( !m4 ,y c tell :]e !y are & h be51 by see+ a plant ) a s+le leaf1 & sometimes ! :ole plant eat5 (f & drawn d[n into ! hole occupi$ by a l>ge br[n or black worm2 y w see little ant-hills l1 & r\nd holes 9 ! gr\nd2 by pok+ ar\nd a little 9 ! dirt1 y w f9d a worm v ne> ! m\? ( ^! little holes4 ,de/roy x1 & all y c f9d1 & ?us save y\r crop4 ,?is se>*+ = worms mu/ be kept up till !y cease to d mis*ief4 ,all plants miss+ 9 ! field %\ld be r5ew$ f ! b$ at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,! morn+ is ! be/ "t to f9d ! worms1 z !y are ne> ! surface ( ! gr\nd2 lat]1 !y retire into ! gr\nd to appe> aga9 ne> sund[n1 & "w dur+ ! night & e>ly morn+40 ,?omas describes tobacco worms z 8hat*$ f eggs deposit$ by :at is call$ ! #8tobacco fly4' ,x is a l>ge1 dusky-br[n1 w+$ mill]1 ne>ly z l>ge z a humm+-bird4 ,x lays its eggs on fair ev5+s & moonlight nights 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,x c be se5 almo/ any cle> ev5+1 among :at are call$ #8,jimson-we$s1' suck+ ! fl[]s4 ,! eggs w hat* out 9 #bd h\rs1 & ! worms comm5ce eat+ :5 less ?an in* long1 & cont9ue to eat till !y atta9 ! l5g? ( #d-e in*es4 ,"o worm1 9 #f weeks1 w de/roy a plant s completely z to r5d] x utt]ly valueless4 ,?is pe/ is va/ly m num]\s 9 "s seasons ?an 9 o!rs4 ,f\r ye>s ago !re 7 sc>cely any2 b = ! la/ ?ree ye>s !y h be5 de/ructively num]\s4 ,! worm+ ( ! crop1 :5 !y are num]\s1 is1 by f>1 ! mo/ disagreeable & t$i\s lab\r att5d+ x4 ,mu* ( ! value ( ! crop dep5ds ^u ! c>e or inatt5tion ( p]=m+ ?is "p ( ! "w4 ,! crop may h be5 plant$ 9 good "t--pl\gh$1 ho$1 prim$1 suck]$1 topp$1 cut1 & cur$ well2 yet x may h be5 s riddl$ by worms z to be comp>atively good = no?+ 9 m>ket2 h5ce1 !y mu/ be pick$ (f & de/roy$1 & t promptly40 ,topp+ & ,suck]+4--,! plants w comm5ce to fl[] ab\t two mon?s aft] plant+1 :5 #b-g feet high4 ,:5 ! fl[]-buds appe>1 !y mu/ be brok5 (f1 & ) !m ! top & bottom leaves4 ,by break+ (f ! fl[]-buds at an e>ly date1 ! sap t w\ld be us$ 9 ! =mation ( ^! organs fl[s to ! leaves1 :i* !reby increase 9 size1 & ! outturn becomes mu* heavi] ?an :5 ! plant is all[$ to fl[]4 ,b x is g5]ally admitt$ t ! leaves lose mu* 9 aroma4 ,to :at ext5t ! e>ly removal ( ! fl[]-buds impairs ! quality has n be5 prop]ly inve/igat$4 ,x is v probable t ! great] yield does n always comp5sate = ! loss 9 quality4 ,! bottom leaves are g5]ally ( inf]ior quality1 small1 torn1 & dirty4 ,! numb] ( leaves to be left on ! plant v>ies greatly1 accord+ to species1 quality ( soil1 & me?od ( cultivation4 ,! m9imum may be plac$ at #f1 ! maximum at #bb4 ,! only rule to be obs]v$ is to reta9 z _m leaves z ! plants are able to mature4 ,soon aft] ! plants h be5 topp$1 suck]s appe> 9 ! axils ( ! leaves2 ^! %\ld be brok5 (f z soon z !y come1 at lea/ !y %\ld n be all[$ to gr[ long] ?an #d in*es4 ,if ! suck]s are n remov$ soon aft] _! appe>ance1 ! size ( ! leaves w be s]i\sly impair$4 ,aft] ! plants are half-gr[n1 great c>e mu/ be tak5 :5 go+ ?r\gh ! l9es1 :e!r = ! purposes ( hoe+1 wat]+1 or suck]+1 c41 n to te> ! leaves4 ,9 ,india1 hoe+ & suck]+ %\ld be p]=m$ only :5 ! leaves h lo/ "p ( _! turgesc5ce1 atta9$ at night4 ,insects1 h[ev]1 mu/ be kill$ dur+ ! morn+ & ev5+2 at o!r times1 !y are n easily f\nd4 ,leaves :i* are torn are n fit = cig>-wrapp]s1 & mu/ (t5 be ?r[n on ! refuse heap z valueless1 ev5 if well develop$ & ( good col\r4 ,! plants comm5ce to rip5 ab\t ?ree mon?s aft] be+ plant$2 ?is is indicat$ by ! leaves assum+ a m>bl$ appe>ance1 & a yell[i%-gre5 col\r4 ,! leaves also g5]ally become gummy1 & ! tips b5d d[nw>ds4 ,x is consid]$ t tobacco int5d$ = snuff %\ld h atta9$ m maturity ?an tobacco = smok+4 ,nessl] f\nd t ! less ripe leaves conta9$ m c>bonate ( pota%1 & burnt consequ5tly bett]1 ?an ! m ripe ones1 b ! total am\nt ( pota% 0 l>g] 9 ! latt] ?an 9 ! =m]2 cig>s made f less ripe leaves kept ! fire :5 light$ = a %ort] "t ?an ^? made f m ripe leaves4 ,9 ! words ( ,judson ,pop5oe1 ! 8tobacco is ready to top :5 ! button 7z ! blossom or top ( ! /alk is call$7 has put out suffici5tly to be tak5 hold (1 )\t injury to ! top leaves4 ,z tobacco is n regul> 9 com+ into blossom1 x is ! usual practice to let ^? /alks t blossom fir/1 run a little beyond _! "t ( topp+1 & !n top all t is 9 button z y g4 ,!re is no p>ticul> height to top at1 b z a g5]al ?+ #af to #ah leaves are left2 judgm5t is necess>y to det]m9e :]e to top2 if topp$ too high1 #b or #c ( ! top leaves are s small z n to am\nt to mu*2 if topp$ l[1 ! tobacco spreads bett]2 if j com+ out 9 top1 rea* d[n among ! top leaves1 & ) ?umb & =ef+] p9* ! top or button (f bel[ #b or #c leaves2 if well out 9 top1 break (f sev]al in*es d[n f ! button & #d or #e leaves bel[ x4 ,z soon z ! tobacco is topp$1 ! suck]s beg9 to gr[2 "o %oots out f ! /alk at ! root ( ea* leaf1 on ! upp] side4 ,:5 ! top suck]s are #c-d in*es long1 ! suck]+ %\ld be done2 ) ! "r h& take hold ( ! top suck]1 ) ! left take hold ( ! next1 close to ! /alk1 & break !m (f1 & s proce$1 us+ bo? h&s1 /oop+ ov] ! /alk1 tak+ c>e n to injure ! leaf4 ,break ! suck]s ab\t half-way d[n ! /alk1 ! balance be+ too %ort to ne$ remov+ until ! second suck]+4 ,9 ab\t #b weeks f topp+1 ! tobacco is ready to cut2 n[ give x ! la/ worm+ & suck]+1 break+ all suck]s (f d[n to ! gr\nd1 & remove e worm1 if y don't want y\r tobacco eat5 9 ! %$s40 ,ano!r process1 call$ 8prim+0 by ,s*neid]1 is ?us describ$ by him4 8,! object ( prim+ is to break (f ! leaves t come out too ne> ! gr\nd1 :i*1 :5 l>ge1 lie flat on x1 & !re=e rot or get dirty4 ,?is "w %\ld be done e>ly1 ! soon] ! bett]1 s t ! plant does n lose mu* /r5g? by _! gr[+4 ,^! leaves mu/ n be torn (f1 especially n d[nw>d1 because ! plant w\ld be injur$1 & in/ead ( ?r[+ ! /r5g? ga9$ into ! o!r leaves1 x w\ld be ?r[n away to heal ! w\nd4 ,! di/ance f ! gr\nd at :i* ?is prim+ %\ld be done1 dep5ds ^u ! v>iety gr[n & ^u ! "t at :i* ! "w is done3 #d-f in*es is ! "r di/ance4 ,?is prim+ is n done by e "o4 ,"o f>m] may practise x1 :ile 8 neighb\r does n2 b sorts ! l[] leaves sep>ately1 & sells !m z s-call$ #8lugs1' = :i* he gets a little ov] half ! price ( ! good upp] leaves4 ,^? :o d n prime1 mu/ g5]ally top l[]1 or !y mu/ risk t ! :ole plant1 or at lea/ ! upp] leaves1 w n mature fully4 8,topp+ is done to ?r[ ! /r5g?1 :i* w\ld g to develop se$s1 into ! leaves4 ,x mu/1 !re=e1 be done z e>ly z ! se$-buds %[ !mselves1 if n e>li]4 ,?is "w mu/ be done1 & ! "q is1 h[ to d x4 ,if !re are b few leaves on ! plant1 ev5 ^! w n rip51 if x is n topp$2 if !re are _m1 !n ! gr[] has ! *oice ei!r to break (f ! fl[]-/alk only or to take (f "o or m leaves also4 ,?is %\ld be done 9 answ] to ! que/ions3 #a/4 ,is !re "t en\gh to rip5 ev5 ! upp] leaves fully8 &1 #bnd1 ,are ! plant & ! soil /rong en\gh to rip5 all leaves1 ev5 ! upp] ones8 ,! answ]s to ^! qu]ies w decide ! way ( topp+4 ,if yes1 he takes (f ! fl[]-/alk only2 if no1 he tops to #h1 #aj1 #ab1 #ad1 or #af leaves1 accord+ to 8 judgm5t1 t is1 he all[s s _m leaves to rema9 z w h a good fair *ance ( rea*+ maturity40 ,z ,bi%op rem>ks1 cultivators are n agre$ on ! "t & place = topp+ tobacco plants4 8,"s fav\r ! plan ( topp+ z soon z ! blossom-buds appe>1 o!rs pref] to wait until 9 blossom4 ,i ?9k !re is no h>m 9 lett+ ! e>lie/ plants bloom be=e be+ topp$1 b aft] once beg9n+1 !y %\ld be brok5 (f z soon z ! buds beg9 to look yell[1 & ! late/ plants z soon z ! buds appe>4 ,a new beg9n] w be apt to top ! plants too high4 ,! object is to rip5 & develop z _m leaves z ! plant c support2 if topp$ too high1 ! top leaves are small1 & :5 cur$ are ne>ly wor?less1 & ! o!r leaves are n z l>ge or heavy1 :]eas1 if topp$ too l[1 !n y lose "o1 two1 or ?ree leaves1 :i* ! plant might h support$4 ,z a g5]al rule1 a plant j 9 blossom %\ld be topp$ d[n to :]e ! leaves are full #g in*es wide1 leav+ on ! /alk f #ae to #ah leaves4 ,?is w leave ! /alks ab\t #b feet high 9 good tobacco4 ,lat] 9 ! season1 top ! plants soon] & l[]4 ,let z _m ( ! e>lie/ plants z w be want$ rema9 = se$4 ,"o plant w furni% se$ en\gh to put out #e acres1 at lea/4 ,^! %\ld be worm$ & suck]$ l ! re/1 only leav+ ! suck]s above :]e y w\ld ord9>ily break x (f1 7 y to top x4 ,! piece %\ld n[ be look$ ov] e o!r day1 to break (f ! suck]s & cat* ! worms4 ,?is %\ld be done z soon z ! dew is (f 9 ! morn+1 & t[>ds night1 z ! worms are eat+ !n1 & c be f\nd m readily1 :ile 9 ! heat ( ! day !y rema9 hid4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 n to break (f ! leaves :ile go+ ?r\gh x1 z !y are ne>ly all wa/$ be=e ! crop is ripe4 ,z soon z ! top is brok5 (f1 ! sap is ?r[n into ! leaves1 caus+ !m to exp& rapidly4 ,9 ! meantime suck]s w />t out j above :]e ea* leaf jo9s ! /alk2 ^! mu/ be brok5 (f1 or ! gr[? ( ! leaf w be *eck$1 z ! sap w be ?r[n into ^! "y spr\ts4 ,^? ne>e/ ! top w />t soone/1 & w require break+ (f twice be=e ! plant is ripe2 ^? at ! bottom mu/ all be brok5 (f4 ,?is is ! h>de/ & sl[e/ "w ( all4 ,n only w ^! suck]s *eck ! gr[? ( ! plants1 b if all[$ to gr[ w soon break or pry (f ! leaves1 or cause !m to gr[ out at "r angles f ! /alk1 r5d]+ !m m liable to be brok5 (f4 ,x is a good plan to h a piece ( corn on ! nor? side ( a piece ( tobacco1 or1 at lea/1 two or ?ree r[s1 to %ield ! gr[+ plants f w9ds40 ,prim+ is def9$ by ,?omas z 8pull+ (f ! bottom leaves to ! numb] ( #d or #e10 & he says t any plant l>ge en\gh to be topp$ ought to be prim$ fir/4 ,all conditions be+ fav\rable1 he consid]s t 9 ,ohio1 a 8tobacco plant w rip5 9 z _m weeks1 f ! "t ( topp+ x1 z !re are leaves left on ! /alk4 ,consequ5tly1 if ! topp+ is done e>ly1 x c be topp$ high1 if lat]1 x mu/ be done l[]1 & if /ill lat]1 /ill l[]4 ,plant]s diff] v mu* at ?is po9t4 ,"s w top z high z #af leaves1 o!rs #aj1 & a great _m at #h4 ,my own op9ion is1 t a plant topp$ at #aj w weigh z mu* z "o at #af1 topp$ at ! same "t1 & on ! same k9d ( l&4 ,ab\t a week aft] a plant has be5 topp$ ! suck]s w beg9 to gr[4 ,a suck] is only an auxili>y bran* :i* %oots out at ! junction ( ! leaves to ! /alk4 ,if n remov$1 !y w gr[1 & bloom1 & rip5 se$1 & 9 do+ s !y w #8suck' ! p>5t-/em ( mu* ( its vitality4 ,:5 ! crop ( suck]s are ab\t #a in* long !y c be pull$ or rubb$ (f1 & x %\ld surely be done4 ,9 ab\t a week or #aj days a second crop ( !m w appe>4 ,^! mu/ also be promptly remov$1 & !n ! ?ird crop w %[ itself1 :i* mu/ be simil>ly treat$4 ,! long] !y are p]mitt$ to rema9 on ! plant1 ! m !y ret>d its developm5t1 & delay its maturity40 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,cur+4 ,gr[+ tobacco is only half ! battle4 ,hav+ rais$ a crop to a /ate ( p]fection1 ! next object is to cure x = ! m>ket4 ,?is bran* ( ! bus9ess dem&s fully z mu* c>e & skill z ! purely agricultural "p prec$+ x1 & is p]haps equally influ5c$ by ! wea!r4 ,! be/ crop ev] gr[n may be completely spoil$ by injudici\s conduct dur+ ! dry+1 c41 :ile a gr[? ( mod]ate quality may be made ! mo/ ( by extra c>e & tr\ble4 ,h>ve/+4--,! leaf be+ matur$1 x %\ld be h>ve/$ only aft] ! dew is (f ! plants1 & n on a ra9y day4 ,!re are two modes ( h>ve/+--ga!r+ ! leaves s+ly1 & cutt+ d[n ! :ole plant4 ,ga!r+ s+le leaves admits ( remov+ !m f ! plant z !y rip52 ! bottom leaves are remov$ fir/1 & ! top ones are left "s "t long]1 until !y h atta9$ full maturity4 ,! cultivator is !reby enabl$ to ga!r 8 crop :5 x possesses ! greate/ value4 ,?is plan necessitates1 h[ev]1 a great am\nt ( lab\r1 &1 9 a hot climate1 ! s+le leaves are apt to dry s rapidly z n to atta9 a prop] col\r1 unless /ack$ e>ly 9 heaps4 ,b /ack+ 9 heaps involves great risk ( ! leaves heat+ too mu*1 & develop+ a bad flav\r1 :]eby ! tobacco loses m or less 9 value4 ,= ,indian circum/ances g5]ally1 cutt+ ! :ole plants is bett] ?an ga!r+ ! leaves s+ly4 ,= cutt+ d[n ! plants1 a long knife or *opp] is us$4 ,a man takes ! plant ) 8 left h& ab\t #i in*es f ! gr\nd1 & ) ! knife 9 8 "r h&1 cuts ?r\gh ! /em ( ! plant j above ! gr\nd4 ,if ! plants are suffici5tly 8wilt$10 he may lay !m on ! gr\nd & proce$ to cut d[n o!rs2 if1 h[ev]1 !y are s brittle z to cause ! leaves to be injur$ by lay+ !m d[n1 he %\ld give !m to ano!r p]son1 to c>ry !m at once "u %ade4 ,dur+ bright wea!r1 ! plants %\ld n be all[$ to lie expos$ to ! sun on ! gr\nd1 or !y w become sun-burnt1 & lose 9 value4 ,a tempor>y %$ %\ld be erect$2 x might be simply a light ro( ( palm-leaves or ?at*$ /raw1 support$ by poles2 a l>ge tree /&+ ne> w also s]ve ! purpose4 ,"u ?is %ade1 p>allel r[s ( po/s are put up1 & on ! po/s1 light poles or /rong bamboos are fix$ horizontally4 ,! p>allel l9es %\ld be ab\t #d feet ap>t & ! horizontal poles ab\t #d-e feet f ! gr\nd1 accord+ to ! height ( ! tobacco plants4 ,rods are cut 9 l5g?s ( #e feet1 & laid ov] ! p>allel b>s1 s t !y w project ab\t #c in*es at ea* end4 ,a v light & conv5i5t %elt] sometimes us$ = sun-dry+ 9 ,am]ica1 consi/s ( rods laid crosswise1 support$ on f\r upright poles1 & cov]$ ) a slop+ ro( ( bo>ds4 ,! plants t h be5 cut are imm$iately br\ght into ! %ade1 ti$ 9 pairs1 & hung across ! rods4 ,!y mu/ n be hung s close z to press ea* o!r1 & ! rods %\ld !re=e be #f-ab in*es ap>t4 ,! framework %\ld be s l>ge z to all[ ( "o day's cutt+ be+ hung4 ,! plants are left ?us = "o day1 dur+ :i* "t !y w be wilt$ suffici5tly to all[ h&l+ )\t te>+ ! leaves4 ,9 a v dry w9d1 mats or o!r cov] %\ld be laid aga9/ ! plants mo/ expos$ to x1 or _! leaves w dry rapidly1 %rivel up1 & rema9 gre54 ,next day ! leaves are c>t$ to ! dry+-%$4 ,a c>t suppli$ ) a framework1 9 ord] t ! plants may be hung z !y 7 hung "u ! %ade1 is ! be/ means4 ,p]p5dicul> uprights at ea* corn] ( a c>t or waggon are fix$ toge!r by horizontal poles4 ,! plants may be hung s close z n to press heavily on ea* o!r1 #bjj-djj be+ br\ght to ! %$ at "o "t4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ,judson ,pop5oe ?9ks 8tobacco %\ld be cut 9 ab\t #b weeks f topp+1 at :i* "t ! leaves assume a spott$ appe>ance & appe> to h full$ up ?ick]2 d\ble up ! leaf & press x toge!r ) ?umb & f+]1 &1 if ready to cut1 ! leaf :]e press$ w break crisp & %ort4 ,d n let y\r tobacco get ov]-ripe1 or x w cure up yell[ & spott$3 x is bett] to cut too soon ?an too late4 ,take a hat*et or %ort corn-knife1 grasp ! /alk ) ! left h&1 b5d x well to ! left1 s z to expose ! l[] "p ( ! /alk1 /rike ) ! knife j at ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 let ! /alk drop ov] on ! gr\nd )\t d\bl+ ! leaves "u1 & leave x to wilt4 ,! usual practice is to worm & suck] :ile ! dew is on 9 ! morn+1 & z soon z ! dew is (f to comm5ce cutt+4 ,!re are "s :o advocate cutt+ 9 ! aft]noon1 say #c o'clock2 let x wilt & lie out until ! dew is (f next day1 & take x 9 be=e ! sun gets hot en\gh to burn x4 ,i pref] ! fir/ plan1 because a heavy dew may fall on ! tobacco1 & next day be cl\dy1 leav+ ! tobacco wet & unpleasant to h&le4 ,aft] cutt+1 all[ ! tobacco to wilt long en\gh to make ! leaves t\gh1 s t !y c be h&l$ )\t te>+4 ,great c>e is n[ necess>y to keep ! tobacco f sun-burn+2 cutt+ %\ld be comm5c$ z soon z ! dew is (f1 & all t is cut %\ld be h\s$ by #aa o'clock1 unless x is cl\dy2 f #aa to #b o'clock ! direct rays ( ! sun on ! tobacco1 aft] x is cut1 w burn ! leaves 9 #bj m9utes2 aft] #b ,p4 ,m41 z a g5]al ?+1 !re is no dang] ( su* burn+1 ! sun's rays n /rik+ direct on ! tobacco4 ,h a waggon at h&1 ) /iff bo>ds1 #ab feet long1 laid on ! runn+ ge>s2 z soon z ! tobacco is wilt$ s t x c be h&l$ )\t break+1 comm5ce load+ on bo? sides ( ! waggon on ! front end1 lapp+ ! tobacco ! same z load+ fodd]1 keep+ ! butts out on bo? sides--build ab\t #b feet high1 & s on until load$40 ,any "o accu/om$ to ! cultivation ( ! crop1 says ,bi%op1 8kn[s :5 x is ripe1--! ve9s ( ! leaves are swoll51 ! leaves beg9 to look spott$ & feel ?ick & gummy4 ,! ends ( ! leaves w crack on be+ d\bl$ up4 ,aft] x is ripe1 ! soon] x is cut ! bett]1 z x is liable to injury by fro/ or hail1 & w n increase 9 weight z fa/ z ! worms eat x1 & ! leaves get brok5 by cat*+ !m4 ,! plants w g5]ally rip5 f ! #a/ to ! #ae? ( ,septemb]2 !y %\ld n be cut imm$iately aft] a heavy ra9 unless 9 dang] ( fro/1 z a portion ( ! gum wa%es out1 b %\ld be all[$ to /& #b-c days4 ,! cutt+ %\ld n beg9 until ! dew is (f2 a cl\dy day is be/1 = :5 ! sun %9es hot1 !y w n h "t to wilt suffici5tly be=e !y w sunburn1 :i* may be kn[n by ! leaves turn+ :ite & look+ puck]$4 ,comm5ce on "o side ( ! piece1 lay+ ! plants all "o way1 9 ord] to facilitate load+4 ,! plants may1 mo/ ( !m1 be brok5 (f easily1 by g5tly b5d+ !m ov] "o way & ano!r4 ,small plants1 :i* w n break1 may be saw$ (f ) an old saw or cut ) a hat*et4 ,if ! sun %9es too hot1 ! plants %\ld be turn$ ov] c>efully to prev5t burn+4 ,aft] ly+ an h\r or two to wilt suffici5tly1 s z n to break by h&l+1 !y may be c>t$ to ! b>n40 ,9 ! words ( ,s*neid]1 8:5 ! plant beg9s to yell[1 x is "t to put x away4 ,x is cut (f close to ! gr\nd1 by turn+ up ! bottom leaves & /rik+ ) a tobacco-knife1 =m$ ( an old scy!--su* knives z are (t5 us$ = cutt+ corn4 ,let x lie on ! gr\nd = a %ort "t to wilt1 & !n c>ry x to ! tobacco-h\se1 :5 x may be put away 9 ?ree diff]5t modes1 by #8pegg+1' #8spe>+1' & #8splitt+4' ,pegg+ tobacco is ! neate/ way & be/1 yet ! sl[e/4 ,x is done by driv+ pegs ab\t #f in*es long & in* or less squ>e into ! /alk1 ab\t #d in*es f ! big end ( ! /alk2 & ^! pegs are driv5 9 ) a mallet1 9 a slant+ direction1 s z to hook on to ! /icks 9 ! h\se4 ,x is !n put on to a #8horse1' :i*1 by a rope fix$ to "o corn]1 is pull$ up 9 ! h\se & !re hung ^u ! /icks1 :i* are regulat$ at prop] di/ances4 ,a #8tobacco-horse' is no?+ m ?an ?ree small /icks nail$ toge!r s z to =m a triangle1 ea* side be+ #c-d feet long4 ,spe>+ is ! plan ,i pursue2 because x is neat en\gh & decid$ly ! quicke/ plan4 ,a r\gh block1 ) a hole mortis$ 9 x1 & a little =k a few in*es f ! hole = ! tobacco-/ick to re/ ^u1 "o end be+ 9 ! hole & a spe> on ! o!r end ( ! /ick1 is all ! app>atus requir$2 ! plant is !n1 ) bo? h&s1 run ov] ! spe> & ?us /rung ^u ! /icks1 :i*1 :5 full1 are tak5 to ! h\se & hung up at once4 ,!re are #8d>t-spe>s1' l ! ,indian d>t1 & #8r\nd spe>s4' ,ei!r w d4 #8,splitt+' tobacco is admir$ by _m1 :o cont5d t x cures bright]1 quick]1 & is less likely to #8h\se-burn' or injure f too ?ick hang+4 ,?is mode is pursu$ easily by simply splitt+1 ) a knife made = ! purpose1 ! plant f ! top to )9 a few in*es ( ! bottom1 be=e x is cut d[n = h\s+40 ,ano!r plant] obs]ves t 8:5 a plant beg9s to rip51 x w gradually assume a #8piebald' or spott$ appe>ance4 ,z ! rip5+ advances1 ! spots w become m di/9ct & individualiz$4 ,:5 ! spots c be di/+ui%$ at ! di/ance ( #aj /eps1 & ! leaves ( ! plant turn d[n1 become /iff to ! t\*1 & _! ends curl "u1 ! plant is ripe1 & %\ld be cut4 ,f ! mom5t x has arriv$ at maturity1 x beg9s to decay4 ,rememb] t all ! plants 9 y\r crop are to be hung aft] !y are cut--hung on some?+1 & by some?+4 ,prep>e a knife--a but*]-knife answ]s well--h x %>p--ent] x at ! top ( ! plant1 :]e ! top 0 brok5 (f4 ,ent] x c5trally2 press x d[nw>ds1 divid+ ! /alk into two equal portions4 ,cont9ue x d[nw>ds till )9 #e in*es ( ! gr\nd4 ,)draw ! knife1 & cut (f ! /alk close to ! gr\nd4 ,! plant is n[ cut4 ,lay x on ! gr\nd ) ! l[] end t[>ds ! sun4 ,! plants %\ld be plac$ 9 r[s z !y are cut1 9 ord] to facilitate ! lab\r ( ga!r+ !m4 ,!re is "o caution to be he$$ 9 cutt+ tobacco1 & t is1 d n let x be burnt or bli/]$ by ! heat ( ! sun4 ,9 "s v>ieties ( tobacco ?is w be effect$ 9 "o h\r2 9 o!rs1 n s soon4 ,b ?is dang] c be evad$ 9 two ways3 fir/1 by cutt+ late 9 ! ev5+2 second1 by ?r[+ x 9 ! %ade1 or cov]+ x s z to weak5 ! p[] ( ! sun4 ,"s v>ieties ( tobacco w wilt 7t is1 become s(t or limb]7 9 #b h\rs2 o!rs1 9 a long] "t1 accord+ to ! degree ( sun-heat40 ,bi%op tells u t :5 8! plant beg9s to yell[ or turn spott$1 x is "t to put x away4 ,x is cut (f close to ! gr\nd1 turn+ up ! leaves1 & cutt+ (f close to ! roots1 by a s+le /roke ( a hat*et1 or tobacco-knife1 made ( an old scy!1 su* z are us$ 9 cutt+ up corn4 ,aft] cutt+1 let x lie on ! gr\nd a %ort "t to wilt1 :5 x may be h&l$ )\t dang] ( te>+ ! leaves2 x is !n to be tak5 to ! h\se to be #8hung4'0 ,! condition ( ! leaf1 accord+ to ,pursley1 may be judg$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--8,:5 ! tobacco is ripe1 x has a yell[ fad$ col\r1 & becomes brittle2 ! surface ( ! leaf is r\gh & ridg$4 ,by b5d+ ! leaf %ort betwe5 ! f+]s1 x w break be=e x w d\ble4 ,! /icks to hang x on %\ld be 9 read9ess4 ,! be/ mode ( hang+ or /r++ is ) a ,v-%ap$ spe>1 made ( iron or /eel4 ,! spe> has a socket1 l>ge to admit ! end ( ! /ick4 ,! /icks %\ld be %>p5$ at "o end1 to fit ! socket2 %\ld be #d feet #f in*es 9 l5g?1 #b in*es wide1 & #a in* ?ick4 ,a /ick ( ^! dim5sions w hold #h plants4 ,! tobacco %\ld be cut (f j bel[ ! bottom leaf1 !n turn ! plant upside d[n1 & let x rema9 s till ! sun wilts x4 ,:5 x is wilt$ x c be h&l$ )\t break+2 !n x %\ld be tak5 up & laid 9 piles ( #h /alks ea*1 plac+ ! butts ( ! /alks t[>ds ! sun1 to prev5t x f sun-burn+4 ,:5 x is sun-burnt x turns black1 & x _c be cur$ any o!r col\r ?an black1 :i* ru9s its sale4 ,! /icks %\ld be /rew$ along1 "o /ick to a pile2 place ! spe> on ! end ( ! /ick1 & set ! /ick upright2 !n take up ! tobacco1 "o /alk at a "t1 & ?ru/ x on ! /ick1 lett+ ! spe> pass ?r\gh ! /alk1 ab\t #f in*es f ! butt end2 !n take ! spe> (f & take up ! /ick1 & %ake ! tobacco out /raight1 & set ! /ick up ) ! butts t[>ds ! sun40 ,"s tobacco-gr[]s1 rem>ks ,pursley1 8pref] splitt+ ! /alk f ! top d[n to )9 ab\t #f in*es ( ! butt1 !n hang x on ! /icks4 ,b ,i _c agree ) !m1 = x is m difficult to h&le1 & is apt to slip (f ! /ick1 :5 mov+ x2 besides1 ! tobacco cur$ 9 ?is mann] is n s heavy z if x 0 spe>$4 ,x dries out quick] by be+ split1 b ! sub/ance evaporates in/ead ( rema9+ 9 ! leaf4 ,i am n c]ta9 t x injures ! ta/e ( ! tobacco1 b ,i am c]ta9 t split tobacco is light] ?an t :i* is spe>$4 ,"s pref] hang+ ! tobacco on scaffolds 9 ! field until x is ready to be put 9 ! b>n & cur$ by fire4 ,b x is ! safe/ to h\se x z soon z x is /rung on ! /icks4 ,scaffold+ is done by plac+ poles on =ks1 ab\t #d feet ap>t1 & #d-e feet f ! gr\nd2 !n hang ! tobacco betwe5 ! poles1 lett+ ! ends ( ! /icks re/ on ! poles4 ,?is proc$ure is unsafe1 = ! ra9 may come & saturate ! tobacco & wa% (f ! gum1 ?us mak+ x light & *affy40 ,! maturity ( tobacco is def9$ by ,s*neid] z :5 ! leaves1 :i* h hi!rto be5 gre51 on hold+ !m 8aga9/ ! sun1 %[ yell[i%1 r$di%1 or br[ni% spots1 feel /icky1 & :5 b5t break (f %ort & clean4 ,be=e ?is p]iod sets 91 ! dry+-h\se %\ld be 9 good ord]4 ,?is h\se is built to give room = ! free hang+ up ( ! tobacco1 s t x is protect$ f ! sun1 w9d1 & ra91 & is all[$ to dry by ! free circulation ( ! air4 ,any build+1 !re=e1 w answ] :i* has a good ro(1 bo>d$ sides1 & en\gh w9d[s & air-holes 7:i* c be clos$ at w7 to keep up a mild circulation ( air inside1 & also to keep out /rong & too quick dry+ w9ds4 ,if ! tobacco is gr[n on a l>ge scale1 ! h\se %\ld h l>ge doorways to drive a waggon 9 & out4 ,!re mu/ be /icks all ov] ! h\se1 ei!r cross or l5g?wise1 & ^! /icks mu/ be ready & 9 _! places4 ,n[ ! "w ( h>ve/+ ! crop is comm5c$ on a cle> or cl\dy b n ra9y day4 ,! mature plants 7^? n ripe are left long] on ! field if n too late 9 ! season7 are cut (f ne> ! gr\nd1 two ( !m ti$ toge!r by ! butt-ends & hung up 9 ! field on rid]s1 :i* re/ on two =ks fa/5$ 9 ! gr\nd1 & !y are left !re until ev5+ to wilt2 !n !y are br\ght to ! dry+-h\se & hung up4 ,! tobacco is hung up on ! upp] /icks fir/1 & ! "w cont9u$ d[nw>d2 c>e is tak5 t ! /icks are #f-h in*es ap>t1 also t ! plants are n too ne> toge!r on ! /icks1 because ! air %\ld h free passage among ! plants1 & :5 !y t\* or rub aga9/ ea* o!r1 unsightly spots are produc$4 ,! /icks mu/ be pretty wide1 s t ! two plants :i* are ti$ toge!r1 & "o ( :i* hangs on ea* side1 are held well ap>t4 ,lat]1 :5 ! tobacco has dri$ (f some:at1 ! /icks & plants may be mov$ a little ne>] to ea* o!r2 b ! plants on ! upp] /icks mu/ n t\* ^? on ! l[]2 !y %\ld be s arrang$ t "o l[] /ick is j 9 ! middle ( ! space betwe5 two upp] ones40 ,ano!r me?od ( h>ve/+ is recomm5d$ by ,s*neid] = ^? 8:o cultivate tobacco on a small scale1 or :o h h&s & "t en\gh4 ,z all ! leaves on ! plant d n rip5 at ! same "t1 b ! "u leaves are always a little e>li] ?an ! upp] ones1 !y may ga!r ! crop 9 ! leaf1 t is1 tak+ only ! matur$ leaves f ! /alk2 ?is mu/ be done daily1 & s long z !re are leaves on ! /alk4 ,9 ?is way ! crop w be h>ve/$ sl[]1 & x w co/ m1 b ! tobacco w be ( m ev5 quality & bett]4 ,! leaves are /rung on /r+s in/ead ( be+ hung up on /icks1 ) ! same c>e & precautions z recomm5d$ = hang+ up ! :ole plants4 ,aft] ! leaves are (f1 ! /alks mu/ be cut (f or pull$ up1 = !y w\ld /ill vegetate1 & ne$lessly take away n\ri%m5t f ! soil4 ,no m tobacco1 leaves or plants %\ld be cut ?an c be tak5 to ! dry+-h\se & hung up ! same day40 ,p]ry ,hull's in/ructions comm5ce ) a caution t ! plant %\ld nev] be cut :ile ! dew is on ! leaves2 8b wait until x is (f1 say #aj o'clock1 & :at tobacco is cut f t "t until #b o'clock1 if ! day is hot1 w ne$ close att5tion4 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole op]ation1 f cutt+ 9 ! field1 to ! hang+ ^u ! poles 9 ! b>n1 ne$s c>e1 z a little c>elessness or inatt5tion w damage _m doll>s' wor?4 ,no h& %\ld be all[$ to h&le x1 :o is unwill+ to use c>e1 & p]=m e op]ation j z direct$1 or else by break+ ( leaves1 or /ick+ f+]s ?r\gh !m1 c41 he may d m damage ?an 8 wages am\nt to4 ,! plant to be cut %\ld be tak5 by ! left h&1 n c>elessly by ! leaves1 b c>efully by ! /alk1 & z c>efully lean$ ov]1 to give a *ance to use ! axe1 :i* %\ld h a h&le ab\t "o foot long4 ,cut ! plant ) "o bl[1 lay+ x c>efully d[n1 ) ! top to ! sun2 if x is laid o!rwise1 ! leaf w burn be=e ! ma9 /alk ( ! leaf w wilt suffici5tly to admit ( h&l+4 ,ev5 9 t position1 x may burn unless att5d$ to1 b n z soon4 ,aft] ly+ until pretty well wilt$1 & be=e burn+1 turn x ov] & wilt ! o!r side4 ,:5 s wilt$ t ! ma9 /em has lo/ mo/ ( its brittl5ess1 load z expla9$ above2 tak+ hold ( ! butt ( ! /alk1 lay !m c>efully ^u ! arm1 & aga9 z c>efully ^u ! load4 ,if ! day be v hot1 use exp$ition 9 gett+ to ! %$1 else1 if ! di/ance be great1 ! load may heat1 :i* w spoil ! leaves = any?+ b fill]s40 ,:5 ! plants are c>ri$ into ! %$1 8if q w>m1 !y %\ld be left only "o plant deep ^u ! floor & scaffolds4 ,if ! day be cool1 & !y are to be hung up soon1 !y may lie mu* ?ick]4 ,!y %\ld nev] be hung ^u a pole less ?an #e in*es 9 wid?4 ,if saw$ pieces are us$1 saw !m j t2 if poles are us$1 see t !y are ab\t t2 = if any?+ ( less wid? is us$1 ! plants w hang s close1 t ! *ances ( #8pole-burn' are greatly increas$4 ,!y are fa/5$ to ! pole by a half hit*4 7,_! position is repres5t$ by ,fig4 #i on p4 #ie47 ,x requires two h&s to hang !m1 "o to h& !m1 ano!r to tie !m4 ,! poles %\ld be ab\t #ah in*es ap>t1 & ! numb] hung ^u a #ab-;foot pole w dep5d ^u ! size1 f #bd to #cj1 s regulat+ !m1 t :5 ?or\ghly wilt$1 !y w sc>cely t\* ea* o!r4 ,if hung ?ick] ?an ?is1 a little unfav\rable wea!r w cause m or less pole-burn1 sweat & m\ld4 ,aft] ! tobacco is hung1 ! build+ %\ld be s ?or\ghly v5tilat$ t !re w be a circulation ( air ?r\gh e "p4 ,! v5tilators %\ld be kept op5 dur+ all fair wea!r1 until well cur$ d[n4 ,dur+ /orms1 %ut ! doors & exclude z mu* wet z possible2 be+ cauti\s to give x a ?or\gh v5tilation aga91 z soon z ! ra9 ceases4 ,:5 x is cur$ en\gh to be husky 9 dry wea!r1 exclude all h>d w9ds1 t w crack & damage ! leaves4 ,:5 ! leaves are s mu* cur$1 t !re is no?+ ab\t !m gre5 b ! /em1 a mod]ate quantity ( wet wea!r w n injure x1 b r improve ! col\r2 z ! sap ( ! /alk works ?r\gh ! /ems into ! leaves1 dur+ moi/ wea!r until ! /alk has be5 well froz52 aft] ?is takes place1 ! tobacco %\ld be pick$40 ,:ite e/imates t 9 8! c\rse ( #b or #c weeks aft] topp+1 ! plants w beg9 to rip51 :i* may be kn[n by ! *ange 9 col\r ( ! leaf4 ,x w look spott$ ) spots ( light] gre51 a yell[i% gre54 ,:5 fully ripe ! leaf may be fold$ toge!r1 & mod]ately press$ )\t break+ or crack+4 ,n[ is ! "t to beg9 to h>ve/ x4 ,all ?is is suppos$ to take place be=e !re is any appe>ance ( fro/1 z a v light fro/ (t5 does great damage4 ,all t\*$ by x is ru9$1 & good = no?+4 ,! crop mu/ be cut & hung1 ev5 if n fully ripe1 be=e any fro/s occur4 ,if !re are /rong appe>ances ( a fro/1 y c secure ! crop by cutt+ x d[n1 & putt+ x ei!r "u y\r %$s1 or by putt+ x 9 piles1 n ov] #a foot deep1 9 ! field1 & cov]+ ) /raw4 ,x is well to let x /&1 if n fully ripe1 z long z x c safely1 = ! cool nights h a t5d5cy to ?ick5 up ! leaves4 ,! cutt+ is be/ p]=m$ ) a hay-knife1 ) a %>p1 r\nd+ po9t1 9 ! foll[+ way3 /& at ! "r-h& side ( ! plant or r[2 ) ! left h& grasp ! /alk d[n #b or #c leaves f ! top & lean x back on ! r[2 n[1 ) ! po9t ( y\r cutt] held 9 ! "r h& #b-c in*es f ! /alk1 close to ! root "u ! bottom leaf1 ) a sudd5 /roke or dab1 sev] ! same f ! root2 lay x g5tly d[n back 9 a l9e ) ! r[4 ,proce$ 9 l mann] to cut :at y c take c>e (1 & n get injur$ by sunburn4 ,h two r[s ( butts toge!r1 ly+ ! same way = aft]-conv5i5ce4 ,?is cutt+ is done aft] ! dew is (f 9 ! morn+1 or 9 ! aft]noon4 ,let x rema9 until ! top side is some:at wilt$2 !n comm5ce to turn x ov]4 ,/ep betwe5 ! two r[s ) ! butts ly+ t[>d y1 & ) ea* h& take a plant on ei!r side2 raise !m f ! gr\nd1 & by twi/+ ! h&s 9 or out1 turn ! plants1 lay+ !m ei!r to ! "r or left1 z mo/ conv5i5t1 at "r angles to _! =m] position4 ,g ?r\gh ) ! #b r[s1 & y h ! next #b ) ! butts ! o!r way2 take ^! & lay ! tips directly opposite ^? fir/ turn$1 & y h an alley1 ) ! butts ( ! plants ( two r[s on ei!r side1 :i* w be conv5i5t to drive 9 to load4 ,:5 wilt$ suffici5t to be h&l$ )\t break+1 if 9 ! =5oon1 y c load x f ! r[s z !y lie2 if 9 ! aft]noon1 x is be/ to put 9 hakes1 :i* is done by putt+ five plants at ! bottom1 & on ^! f\r1 decreas+ "o on ea* lay]1 & t]m9at+ ) "o on ! top2 ?is w protect x f dew & wet4 ,! be/ c>t = haul+ ! tobacco is a "o-horse waggon1 ge>$ long1 ) m]ely a plat=m re/+ on ! axles4 ,su* a c>t c be driv5 betwe5 ! r[s & load$ f ei!r side1 hav+ ! butts ( ! plants uni=mly "o way1 & laid crosswise on ! plat=m4 ,great c>e %\ld be us$1 9 all ! h&l+1 n to bruise1 break1 or te> ! leaves4 ,hav+ cut all1 except+ y\r se$-plants1 /rip all ! leaves f ^!1 & set a /ake to ea* to tie x up to2 let ! /ake be a foot tall] ?an ! plant2 x w answ] to keep a piece ( old c>pet f break+ d[n ! /alk :5 y wi% to cov] x up on cold nights4 ,let ! se$-plants /& till ! pods or bolls are cur$ to a br[n1 & ! se$ is ripe2 !n cut (f ! top ( ! se$-/alk1 & hang x up 9 "s dry & safe place1 :]e x w be ready to %ell & use ! next season2 only ! ripe/ & be/ pods %\ld be us$40 ,libh>t alludes to ! exi/5ce ( sev]al ways ( hang+ cut tobacco plants1 b specifies ! two foll[+ z ! be/ & %orte/3 8fir/1 splitt+ & hang+ x ^u la?s or poles & leav+ x to p>tially cure 9 ! field2 secondly1 nail+ x to rails ) la?+-nails1 at once 9 ! %$4 ,! =m] me?od1 = high nor!rn latitudes1 is by f> ! be/1 z x w cure 9 a mu* %ort] "t 7& ?us prev5t ! de/ruction ( ! crop by freez+ 9 ! %$71 by ! dry+ ( ! pi? ( ! /alk1 :i* is ! ma9 res]voir ( moi/ure4 ,x is p]=m$ z foll[s3--,h a *isel ab\t #a foot long & #c in*es broad1 ! %>p end n bevell$ on "o side1 b com+ to an edge by a gradual tap] on bo? sides 7a common t5on-saw w d pretty well72 place ! edge ( ! *isel 9 ! c5tre ( ! /alk ^u ! end :]e x has be5 topp$1 & pu% x d[n1 guid+ x 9 its c\rse s z n to break or cut (f any leaves1 to )9 #c-d in*es ( ! gr\nd2 ! /alk may !n be cut (f ) a hat*et1 or ) ! *isel if x be made pretty /rong4 ,! splitt+ may be done 9 ! morn+ :5 ! leaves are too brittle to admit ( ! /alk be+ cut d[n1 & !n :5 ! sun has suffici5tly wilt$ ! leaves1 ! /alk may be cut & left to lie until x w be> h&l+ )\t break+ ! leaves4 ,! la? be+ previ\sly prep>$1 #d feet 9 l5g? & ab\t #a in* 9 ?ickness on "o edge1 & in* on ! o!r1 & #b in*es broad 7or poles cut 9 ! =e/ w answ] pretty well72 !n h tre/les prep>$ high en\gh to all[ ! /alks to hang susp5d$ )\t t\*+ ! gr\nd1 & set f> en\gh ap>t 9 ! field to admit ( ! la? rea*+ f "o to ano!r2 n[ place ! /alks ( tobacco ^u ! la? 7previ\sly laid across ! tre/les71 by slipp+ !m ov] & d[n until !y w hang p]p5dicul> & #f-h in*es ap>t1 s !y w m]ely t\*1 )\t cr[d+ too mu*4 ,x may be left hang+ ?us expos$ to ! wea!r until ! leaves are s wilt$ t ! /alks hang ap>t )\t t\*+1 & ! l[] leaves beg9 to dry1 :5 x is tak5 (f ! tre/les1 ea* la? entire1 & laid ^u a waggon & haul$ to ! dry+-%$40 ,be=e ! tobacco is ready = h>ve/+1 ,hudson sugge/s ! prep>ation ( 8a supply ( /icks = hang+4 ,/icks #d feet long & #a in* squ>e are mo/ conv5i5t2 #ab /icks to e #ajj plants w be suffici5t4 ,= sun-cur+1 !re %\ld be a %$ built at "o or m conv5i5t po9ts ( ! pat*4 ,?is may be done by plac+ po/s 9 ! gr\nd to support ! poles1 z repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! poles a be+ = ! support ( ! small] poles c1 ^u :i* ! tobacco-/icks are plac$1 & b = ! cov]1 :5 necess>y t x %\ld be %$d$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,mitj5's translator gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! ,cuban practice4 8,tobacco %\ld be cut dur+ ! wane ( ! moon2 & al?\gh mo/ vegu]os say t x is impossible to d ?is1 because ! leaves comm5ce to rip5 bo? dur+ ! new & ! full moon1 & w\ld be ov]-ripe be=e its wane1 we c1 nev]!less1 ass]t t we "k p]sons :o nev] cut _! tobacco dur+ ! fir/ qu>t]1 or :5 ra9 has made x aga9 gre54 ,^! p]sons h nev] exp]i5c$ any difficulty2 r1 on ! contr>y1 !y are ^? :o always obta9 ! be/ prices & ! greate/ money results4 ,cutt+ tobacco dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! moon1 or :5 vegetation is r5ew$ 9 ! leaf1 is "o ( ! pr9cipal reasons :y ! leaf becomes prick$ ) holes1 & ?is v frequ5tly ev5 be=e x is tak5 f ! plantation to ! m>ket4 ,! sy/em g5]ally obs]v$ is1 9 cutt+ tobacco1 to take (f1 at once1 all ^? p>ts ( ! plants :i* may be really or app>5tly ripe1 & to load up ! poles indiscrim9ately1 )\t any division betwe5 ! pairs ( leaves 7mancu]nas74 ,?is sy/em is highly prejudicial4 ,! leaves ( ! same plant are n all ( ! same quality1 nei!r d !y all at ! same "t acquire ! same degree ( rip5ess4 ,^? ( ! cr[n1 or ! pairs at ! top ( ! plant1 imm$iately next ! fl[] or se$1 receive ! sun direct on _! upp] surface1 & are ! fir/ to rip51 :]eas ! l[] ones1 be+ %ad$ by ! upp] ones1 rema9 /ill 9 an unripe /ate2 moreov]1 ! l[] leaves at ! foot ( ! plant1 & ev5 ^? ( ! fif? or f\r? pairs 7mancu]nas71 comp>$ ) ^? ( ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird pairs1 are inf]ior 9 quality1 &1 comp>atively speak+1 may be t]m$ leaves )\t sub/ance4 ,! contact ( ^! leaves ) ! upp] ones frequ5tly occasions putrid f]m5tation on ! poles 7cujes7 & 9 ! packs 7?is is vulg>ly call$ sahorno71 especially if !re is mu* dampness 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,:5 ?is mis=tune happ5s 9 a tobacco cur+-h\se all ! weak leaves w be lo/1 & ! /rong ones w be s injur$ t ! be/ quality ( capa w\ld turn to tripa1 & t ( bad consi/5cy4 8,! cause ( ?is de/ruction1 f :i* ! vegu]o suff]s m or less 9 ! be/ ( crops1 may be easily expla9$4 ,! cur+ ( tobacco is no?+ m ?an a s]ies ( f]m5tations4 ,x f]m5ts on ! poles 7cujes71 f]m5ts 9 ! heaps 7pilon71 & f]m5ts 9 ! bales4 ,all ^! f]m5tations are requisite = obta9+ a good col\r & smell1 b x is bett] t ea* quality or consi/5cy ( tobacco %\ld f]m5t ap>t4 ,tobacco ( good /rong quality1 :i* is t produc$ by ! upp] leaves1 naturally suff]s a mu* /rong] f]m5tation ?an ! weak ones1 because ! =m] conta9 a l>g] proportion ( juice2 z ! l[] leaves h less sub/ance1 ! f]m5tation is naturally weak] & la/s less "t2 b if ! leaves are put 9 contact ) ^? ( a /rong] quality1 ! f]m5tation w\ld be kept up by ! latt]1 & x w\ld indisp5sably result t ! weak ones w\ld rot1 & _! contact be injuri\s to ! /rong] ones4 ,b by sep>at+1 9 ! field1 ! leaves ( diff]5t consi/5cies :i* ea* tobacco /alk produces1 ?is evil is avoid$1 & ! dry rot is r5d]$ impossible1 unless no c>e :atsoev] is giv5 9 ! cur+-h\se4 ,!re=e1 ! mode ( reap+ %\ld be re=m$4 ,x is be/ to cut ! tobacco :5 x is ?or\ghly ripe1 & 9 ! wane ( ! moon1 mak+ ?is op]ation 9 ?ree sections or cuts1 ea* ( :i* %\ld always be plac$ on sep>ate poles1 9 sep>ate rooms1 heaps1 & c>efully pick$4 8,! fir/ cut %\ld consi/ only ( ! pair ( cr[n leaves1 & = ! poles :i* !y are hung on1 a special corn] 9 ! cur+-h\se %\ld be set ap>t4 ,aft] ! fir/ cutt+1 & #c or #d days ( sun1 ! second & ?ird pairs ( leaves w be ripe1 & may be cut at "o & ! same "t1 c>e be+ tak5 to place !m on sep>ate poles & rooms2 &1 la/ly1 #c or #d days aft] ! second cutt+1 ! rema9d] ( ! leaves may be ga!r$1 b ! la/ leaf ne> ! gr\nd %\ld n be tak51 z x has no consi/5cy1 & !re=e no value z tobacco1 & only s]ves to increase ! "w & give discr$it to ! class ( tobacco4 8,tobacco %\ld be cut dur+ ! hotte/ "p ( ! day2 ea* pair ( leaves %\ld be plac$ on ! gr\nd face d[nw>ds1 s t ! sun may /rike on ! "u "p ( ! leaf1 & 9 ?is /ate x %\ld be all[$ to rema9 a suffici5t l5g? ( "t to )]1 aft] :i* ! pairs ( leaves 7mancu]nas7 %\ld be pick$ up "o by "o1 plac$ ev5ly on ! arm1 ) ! upp] side ( ! leaf inw>ds1 & ea* armful %\ld be c>ri$ to & plac$ on ! poles 7cujes71 :i* %\ld be prep>$ be=eh& ne> ! spot :]e ! tobacco is be+ cut4 ,two =k$ /icks %\ld be plac$ /rongly 9 ! gr\nd1 & on ^! ! pole %\ld re/4 ,aft] ! tobacco leaves h be5 plac$ c>efully on ^! poles & be5 all[$ to )]1 !y %\ld be c>ri$ to ! cur+-h\se be=e ! sun has "t to dry !m4 ,?is op]ation mu/ be p]=m$ by two lab\r]s1 :o c c>ry ea* "t two poles1 plac+ ! end ( ea* on ei!r %\ld]1 s t1 9 walk+1 ! leaves on "o pole may n cut aga9/ ^? on ! o!r4 ,^! poles ( leaves1 :5 br\ght to ! cur+-h\se1 %\ld be fix$ or hung by ! po9ts on ! l[e/ /ages1 b s high t ! po9ts ( ! leaves d n t\* ! gr\nd1 & suffici5tly ap>t "o f ! o!r t ! leaves may n t\*1 because1 be+ br\ght 9 f ! field w>m$ by ! sun1 x is n judici\s to all[ !m to t\*4 ,:5 ! sun is n suffici5tly /rong to )] ! cut leaves1 reap+ %\ld n be cont9u$4 ,! tobacco %\ld be s arrang$ on ! poles t ! pieces ( /alk %\ld g5tly t\* "o ) ! o!r1 b )\t cr[d+40 ,h[ev]1 if ! wea!r %\ld be damp1 & ! leaves l>ge1 space %\ld be left betwe5 ! pairs4 ,dry+4--,! dry+-%$ is prep>$ be=eh& to receive ! tobacco4 ,:5 cultivat+ tobacco on a small scale1 any %$ w d1 provid$ t x conta9s a suffici5t numb] ( doors & w9d[s to admit ( regulat+ ! circulation ( air4 ,a ro( made ( /raw seems to answ] v well4 ,! %$ %\ld be high en\gh to admit ( hang+ #c r[s ( tobacco 9 x1 "o above ! o!r4 ,! bottom ti] = ! fir/ r[ %\ld be ab\t #c-e feet f ! gr\nd1 accord+ to ! size ( ! plants1 :i* %\ld n t\* ! gr\nd2 ! second ti] %\ld be #c-e feet high] ?an ! fir/2 ! ?ird1 #c-e feet high] ?an ! second2 ! :ole be+ #aj-ag feet high f ! bottom ( ! %$ to ! highe/ ti]4 ,! ti]s mu/ be s arrang$ t ! tobacco :5 hung on ! upp] ti] %\ld n t\* t ( ! l[] "o1 & t ! rods on :i* ! tobacco has be5 hung 9 ! field fit exactly4 ,! w9d[s mu/ face ea* o!r1 & be plac$ betwe5 ! ti]s1 s t ! bottom "p ( ! w9d[ is on ! same level z ! ti]4 ,:5 cultivat+ on a l>ge scale1 ! same arrangem5ts are made1 b ! build+ is high]1 & is provid$ ) a cell>1 9 :i* to place ! tobacco = ! purpose ( /ripp+1 c4 ,! dry+-%$ be+ ready1 ! plants imm$iately on arrival at ! %$ are transf]r$ f ! conveyance1 on ! rods1 to ! l[e/ ti]4 ,no rule c be giv5 z to ! di/ance ! rods %\ld be plac$ f ea* o!r1 z x v>ies accord+ to ! species ( ! plant1 ! degree ( rip5ess1 & especially ! /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,! purpose ( hang+ ! plant "h on ! l[] ti] is to cause ! leaves to dry gradually1 & assume a good yell[ col\r1 & to create a slight f]m5tation 9 !m1 :ile all[+ su* a circulation ( air betwe5 ! plants z w facilitate ! gradual escape ( ! moi/ure f !m1 & prev5t ! injuri\s developm5t ( ammonia & o!r comb9ations t give rise to bad flav\r 9 ! tobacco4 ,h[ to atta9 ?is1 ex]cises ! judgm5t ( ! cultivator1 :o1 by frequ5t exam9ation ( ! plants1 & by c>eful obs]vation ( ! *anges go+ on 9 ! leaves1 w soon f9d out ! "r way4 ,! rods %\ld be plac$ clos] toge!r--7a7 :5 ! plants are mu* wilt$ on rea*+ ! %$2 7b7 :5 ! air is v dry1 & ! temp]ature is high2 7c7 :5 ! leaves ( ! plant are v ?9 & conta9 little wat]4 ,plants :i* h ! leaves closely arrang$ on ! /ems mu/ be hung f>!r ap>t4 ,:5 ! air is v dry1 & !re is a /rong breeze1 ! w9d[s mu/ be clos$4 ,if ?is is n suffici5t1 wat] may be p\r$ on "s heaps ( s&1 to create a moi/ atmosph]e 9 ! %$4 ,:5 ! /ems ( ! plant are v ?ick1 & consequ5tly conta9 mu* sap1 x is b5eficial to op5 ! w9d[s1 especially at morn+ & ev5+1 = "s h\rs1 t ! w9d may pass ov] ! butt-ends4 ,z ! w9d[s are situat$ above ! l[e/ ti]1 ! leaves w n be mu* affect$ by x4 ,! leaves mu/ be exam9$ c>efully e day2 "o plant may progress v well1 :]eas ano!r close by may decompose too rapidly1 & ano!r too sl[ly4 ,al?\gh no *ange ( wea!r occur1 x may yet be necess>y to alt] ! position ( ! rods1 9 ord] t ea* plant & leaf may receive air 9 su* a degree z is mo/ conducive to its prop] decomposition4 ,any *ange 9 ! wea!r necessitates diff]5t arrangem5ts4 ,! plant %\ld rema9 on ! l[] ti] until ! leaves h turn$ yell[1 :i* w take place )9 #f-aj days1 accord+ to circum/ances2 aft] ?is1 !y are hung on ! upp] ti]s4 ,!re !y %\ld be m ap>t1 ea* plant hang+ free4 ,:5 on ! upp] ti]s1 ! tobacco may be said to be 9 ! free-hang2 & :5 on ! l[e/ ti]1 9 ! close-hang4 ,! object 9 hang+ ! plants m ap>t on ! upp] ti] is to dry !m m rapidly !re1 & = ?is purpose1 ! %utt]s may be op5$1 unless !re be a /rong dry w9d4 ,! light-yell[ col\r ( ! leaves %\ld *ange into a d>k yell[-gold5 or light-br[n col\r4 ,aft] hang+ on ! upp] ti] = ab\t a week1 ! ve9s ( ! leaves w be ne>ly dry1 leav+ only ! midribs pliant4 ,! dry+ ( ! leaf & ! *ang+ ( its col\r proce$ gradually1 comm5c+ f ! m>g9 & proce$+ to ! midrib4 ,at ?is "t1 ! plants are hung clos] toge!r1 ! evaporation f ! leaves be+ little1 & ! space & /icks be+ requir$4 ,! plants hang+ on two or ?ree /icks may be hung on "o /ick4 ,all ! w9d[s may be kept op5 f ?is "t2 ! tobacco may also be br\ght into an op5 %$1 or ev5 hung outside expos$ to ! sun4 ,9 ab\t a week m1 ! midribs w be entirely dri$ up1 & ! tobacco w be fit = /ripp+4 ,9 "s climates1 x may be necess>y to facilitate ! dry+ by ! aid ( artificial heat4 ,= ?is purpose1 heat$ air %\ld be conduct$ into ! dry+-%$1 )\t ! fire1 or ! products ( combu/ion1 be+ admitt$4 ,pursley w>ns tobacco gr[]s t ! plant %\ld n be expos$ to ! wea!r aft] x is cut1 b %\ld 8be imm$iately convey$ to ! b>n & hung up4 ,z soon z x gets ab\t half yell[$1 a sl[ fire %\ld be />t$ "u x2 if made too hot at fir/1 ! tobacco w turn black4 ,ab\t ! second day ! ends ( ! leaves w beg9 to curl up2 !n ! fire %\ld be gradually increas$1 till x heats ! tobacco blood w>m2 x %\ld be kept up s till ! leaf is ?or\ghly cur$4 ,if ?is rule be /rictly adh]$ to1 ! tobacco w be cur$ bright4 ,! bright] x is cur$ ! bett] x sells4 8,our b>ns are g5]ally built ( logs1 "s h frames4 ,! b>n %\ld be made tight up to ! tobacco1 :i* %\ld hang ab\t #h feet f ! gr\nd2 above ?is leave cracks or air-holes1 suffici5t = free v5tilation4 ,a b>n to hold #b acres ( tobacco1 :i* is z mu* z "o man c att5d to1 %\ld be #bd feet squ>e4 ,x %\ld h #e ti]s ( poles1 ! l[e/ ab\t #f feet f ! gr\nd2 ^! %\ld ext5d across ! b>n1 & be fa/5$ at ea* end into ! walls4 ,! poles %\ld be #d feet ap>t1 & ! ti]s directly "o above ano!r4 ,! /icks :i* conta9 ! tobacco %\ld be plac$ )9 #h in*es ( ea* o!r1 on all ! poles except ! bottom ones1 :i* %\ld be left vacant directly ov] ! fire4 ,:5 tobacco is ne>ly cur$1 x v readily cat*es fire4 ,if !re be a wet spell ( wea!r be=e ! /alks are ?or\ghly dry1 build a fire "u ! tobacco suffici5tly hot to keep x dry4 ,x %\ld n get damp & pliant until ! /alks are dry1 !n x may be all[$ to get damp40 ,libh>t recomm5ds t ! %$ 8be con/ruct$ ( timb]s /rong en\gh to resi/ /orms1 & bo>d$ #8up & d[n4' ,ab\t e #c feet "o bo>d %\ld be h+$1 to readily op5 & %ut4 ,if x is int5d$ to split & la? ! tobacco1 ! inside ( ! %$ mu/ be divid$ by rails into wid?s to accommodate ! la?1 & likewise into ti]s1 "o above ! o!r1 f> en\gh ap>t to all[ ! /alks to hang f1 well sep>ate4 ,! frame ( rails & timb]s inside ! %$ de/9$ to su/a9 ! weight ( ! ti]s ( tobacco 7:i*1 :5 gre51 is exce$+ly heavy7 %\ld be /rongly con/ruct$1 s z to preclude ! possibility ( break+ d[n1 = if ?is %\ld happ5 to ! upp] ti]1 9 all probability ! :ole w\ld be tumbl$ to ! gr\nd40 ,! h\s+ ( ! crop proce$s1 says ,d5nis1 8z fa/ z x is cur$ up on ! scaffold1 or z ! indications ( ra9 make x necess>y1 c>e be+ tak5 n to bruise or te> x 9 haul+4 ,! /icks ( tobacco may be pil$ ^u ! waggon or c>t1 & haul$ to ! b>n & hung up1 comm5c+ 9 ! highe/ "p ( ! build+1 & fill+ up z y g d[nw>ds4 ,if ! leaves are pretty well cur$1 y may hang x s z to t\*1 )\t cr[d+ x2 if n1 !re %\ld be a little space betwe54 ,if a cold1 ra9y spell comes on1 y w ne$ to introduce "s means ( artificial dry+4 ,a tr5* is sometimes dug1 & a log or two ( wood plac$ 9 x1 & a fire made1 tak+ c>e to remove ! tobacco imm$iately ov] ! fire1 & avoid+ mu* blaze4 ,?is is dang]\s1 & a bett] plan is to make a tr5* across ! floor ( ! b>n1 ( mason-"w1 cov]$ ) %eet-iron1 & lead+ f a furnace outside ! h\se on "o side1 to a *imney at a safe di/ance on ! o!r4 ,! col\r & quality ( tobacco may be improv$ by hang+ x closely & cur+ by artificial heat1 wat*+ t x does n become #8funk$1' or m\ld$1 :ile cur+2 b ! be/ plan = a beg9n] is to dry x safely1 & make a sure crop1 exp]im5t+ z he goes along1 9 ord] to improve ! quality1 z he may safely d s4 ,:5 ! /alk becomes dry & entirely cur$1 :i* w n usually be = "s weeks1 ! crop is ready to #8/rip4' ,! hang+ tobacco yields to ! influ5ce ( a ra9y day or a foggy morn+1 & #8comes 9 case1' or s(t5s1 s x w n crumble4 ,x mu/ nev] be h&l$ :5 dry4 ,:5 x is j s(t1 n damp1 or :5 x is b>ely s s(t t x c be h&l$ 7if x is approa*+ t s(t5$ /ate71 x may be tak5 d[n & tak5 (f ! /icks1 & #8bulk$1' by pil+ x alongside a p>tition1 or by itself1 ) ! butts ( ! /alks outw>d 9 e direction1 & ! tops or leaves 9 ! c5tre4 ,sev]al hundr$ p\nds may be ?us bulk$ d[n1 & c be work$ up :ile ! hang+ tobacco has gone out ( case1 & _c be t\*$40 ,accord+ to ,bi%op1 x usually requires ab\t #ab weeks to cure ! plants ?or\ghly1 t is1 s t !re is no m juice 9 ! leaves or leaf-/ems2 x matt]s n if ! ma9 /alk is n dry1 y ne$ n expect x1 & !re w be gre5 leaves t w n cure b freeze :ile gre5 & are wor?less4 ,he calculates t to 8hang an acre ( good tobacco requires a build+ ab\t #cj by #bd feet ) #ae-;feet po/s4 ,two gir?s %\ld be fram$ into ! po/s on all sides ( ! build+2 "o #e feet above ! sill1 & ! o!r #aj feet above1 to re/ ! poles on1 also to nail ! cov]+ bo>ds to4 ,?is gives a space ( #e feet = ea* ti] ( plants4 ,h a beam run across ! c5tre ( ! build+1 ) a po/ 9 ! middle ) gir?s to correspond ) ^? on ! side1 ext5d+ l5g?wise ?r\gh ! middle ( ! build+ = ! poles or rails1 ea* #ab feet 9 l5g?1 to be laid ^u2 or if /icks are to be us$ 7z h]eaft] describ$7 lay rails or poles once 9 #d feet = ! /icks to re/ ^u4 ,place a v5tilator ^u ! c5tre ( ! ro(1 & h "o bo>d 9 e #d feet hung on h+es1 to be op5$ or clos$ at pleasure4 ,if made ) a floor & a cell> und]nea?1 to let d[n ! tobacco into :5 ready /ripp$1 x is all ! bett]4 ,we w n[ return to ! crop1 & comm5ce hang+ x4 ,a common way ( do+ x is by ty+ ) common tw9e4 ,tie ! end ( ! /r+ tightly ar\nd ! butt ( "o plant1 & by plac+ x aga9/ ! side ( ! pole ne>e/ y1 put ano!r plant on ! opposite side & c>ry ! /r+ ov] & ar\nd x1 plac+ ! plants alt]nately on ea* side ( ! pole until fill$1 !n fa/5 ! /r+1 place ! pole 9 ! "r place 7x %\ld be ne>ly "r be=e x is fill$71 & comm5ce on ! next "o 9 l mann]1 hav+ "s "o to h& ! plants z want$4 ,z to h[ ?ick to hang x dep5ds ^u ! size ( ! plants1 b 9 good-siz$ tobacco ab\t #i in*es on ea* side is close en\gh1 t w be f #cj-cb on ea* pole ( #ab feet2 place ! poles #ae-ah in*es ap>t4 ,ano!r me?od ( hang+1 mu* practis$ & approv$ by _m1 is to hang on slats or /icks saw$ out #d feet long1 #a in*es wide1 & in* ?ick4 ,*e/nut timb] is g5]ally us$ "h4 ,! common la? answ]s v well = ?is purpose4 ,an iron made some?+ l a *isel is us$ to slip on to "o end ( ! /icks1 :i* are %>p5$ a little at "o end to receive x4 ,x is made ab\t #h in*es long1 w$ge-%ap$ at ! small end1 & a socket in* by #a in* to slip on to ! /icks4 ,:5 ready = use h a place fix$ ne> :]e y unload1 to hold "o ( ^! /icks out at "r angles f a po/ & ab\t #d feet f ! gr\nd4 ,let ! plants be h&$ y f ! load & slip !m on ! /ick1 pi]c+ ! /alk ab\t #f in*es f ! butt2 put #f or #g plants ( m$ium size on ea* /ick1 ?ick] if small]2 :5 hung x w appe> z 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,z ea* /ick is fill$1 x may be c>ri$ to its place 9 ! b>n4 ,9 gett+ !m to ! top ( ! b>n1 !y may be h&$ up ) a pit*=k1 lift+ !m by ! middle ( ! /icks4 ,^! /icks %\ld be ab\t #h in*es ap>t4 ,i ?9k a great] am\nt c be put into a giv5 space by ?is me?od )\t dang] ( sweat+1 z x is m ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,! loose leaves t h be5 brok5 (f :ile h&l+1 may be cur$ by plac+ #d or #e toge!r & secur+ to a small pole1 9 ! same way z plants are hung ) tw9e40 ,hang+ is done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--8,! #8hang]' /&s 9 an erect position1 hav+ = a foo?old ! poles on ! ti] bel[ ! "o :i* he is hang+2 he has a ball ( tobacco-tw9e 7a tw9e made ( flax1 procurable at any se$-/ore7 :i* = conv5i5ce is c>ri$ 9 ! bosom ( ! loose bl\se g5]ally worn2 he /&s ) ! left side to ! pole on :i* ! tobacco is to be hung1 left arm ov] x2 ! /alk ( tobacco is h&$ to him by a boy ^: duty x is to pass x to him2 ! /alk is !n tak5 9 ! left h& & plac$ aga9/ ! side ( ! pole1 ! butt project+ an in* or two1 ar\nd :i* projection ! tw9e is w\nd f left to "r 7! tw9e hav+ previ\sly be5 fa/5$ to ! pole72 ! next /alk is plac$ on ! o!r side ( ! pole1 j f> en\gh along s t ! leaves ( ! two /alks w n t\* & #8pole-burn1' & s cont9ue1 ! /alks be+ hung alt]nately on ! sides ( ! pole1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,aft] ! h\se is fill$1 "s put fires "u ! crop to ha/5 its dry+2 b x is f\nd by exp]i5ce t ! practice is n a good "o40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,tobacco-,,h\se4 ,bi%op describes ! common size ( tobacco-h\se z ab\t #ajj feet long by #bd feet wide1 po/s #ag feet long1 & built ^u a wall #ah in*es high2 ! build+s are fram$ ) gir?s f b5t to b5t1 = bo>d+ up & d[n1 ! b5ts be+ #ab feet ap>t4 ,! ext]nal appe>ance is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #aj4 8,! bo>ds = clos+ up ! build+ %\ld be #a foot wide1 & at int]vals ( ab\t #e feet a bo>d %\ld be hung ) light /rap h+es1 to s]ve z a v5tilator to admit light & dry air1 & to exclude damp4 ,^! v5tilators or doors mu/ be clos$ on fro/y nights1 b 9 fair dry wea!r %\ld rema9 op54 ,! tobacco poles1 ! ends ( :i* re/ ^u ! b5ts1 %\ld be ab\t #ac feet long1 #b in*es ?ick by #f in*es wide1 ( "s light timb]1 su* z elm or basswood1 & :5 hung ) tobacco %\ld be #h-aj in*es ap>t4 ,a l>ge door %\ld be plac$ at ei!r end = +ress & egress4 ,! poles1 ( :i* !re %\ld be #d ti]s1 are laid f b5t to b5t1 re/+ ! ends ( ! cross beams 9 ! b5t1 ti]s #d feet #d in*es ap>t40 ,a sectional view ( ! b>n is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,:ite sugge/s t /ables1 %$s1 & b>n floors c be arrang$ 8s z to hang up an acre or two by sett+ /an*ions ) holes mortis$ 9 !m to hold re/s = y\r poles ab\t #d feet ap>t4 ,set su* ones on ei!r side ) a v /\t rail1 "o end 9 ei!r po/4 ,set ^! z (t5 z y may ne$ !m1 dep5d+ on ! l5g? ( y\r poles4 ,no poles %\ld be s long z to sag v mu* :5 fill$ ) plants4 ,b = ano!r reason ,i w\ld build a h\se expressly = hang+ & /or+ tobacco4 ,make x ( good1 lib]al dim5sions1 #cj feet wide1 by #dj or m 9 l5g?2 po/s1 #ad feet1 ) two ti]s ( gir?s = poles to re/ on2 "o ti] c hang on ! beams1 & ano!r above on ! purl9 plates1 ?us hang+ #d ti]s "u ! same ro(4 ,v5tilate by a v5tilator 9 ! ro(1 also by hang+ e o!r bo>d ( ! sid+ on h+es4 ,= su* a build+1 ,i w\ld h a tight floor to ! :ole1 & und]nea? a good wall$ cell> light$ ) suitable w9d[s1 & *imney 9 "o corn]1 ) a /ove1 to keep fire 9 9 v cold wea!r1 to "w by :5 /ripp+ ! tobacco4 ,= poles to hang on1 ,i w\ld get1 if possible1 /raight1 slim1 :ite p9e /addles ab\t #d-e in*es 9 diamet]2 %ave ! b>k (f smoo?1 & we h poles t w la/ & rema9 /raight a lifetime1 if kept h\s$4 8,hav+ provid$ all requir$1 ev5 to ! /rong cotton or hemp tw9e = ty+ up ! tobacco1 h a good man to h& x to y4 ,comm5ce by ty+ ! end ( y\r tw9e ar\nd ! butt ( a plant1 ab\t #b in*es f ! end1 9 a slip or loose knot2 place ?is plant at "o side ( ! pole ne> ! end1 y\r h& c>ry+ ! tw9e ov] ! pole2 on ! opposite side ( ! pole1 ab\t #f in*es along1 place ano!r plant1 & ) a s+le turn ( ! tw9e ar\nd x f be=e1 r\nd back1 & by draw+ x close1 ! plant is secure4 ,proce$ ?us till y h fill$ y\r pole2 !n ) a knife1 cut a not* 9 ! pole & draw y\r tw9e ?r\gh1 & x is fa/4 ,y c n[ cut x (f & comm5ce ano!r pole4 ,place ! poles f> en\gh ap>t to prev5t ! tobacco cr[d+2 ab\t #a foot w d4 ,9 ?is mann] y w h a r[ ( plants hang+ on ea* side ( ! pole ab\t #a foot ap>t4 ,! man1 9 h&+ up1 %\ld take ! plant by ! butt1 c>efully f ! pile or load1 raise x up & g5tly %ake x sideways1 to %ake (f dirt & loos5 ! leaves :5 /uck toge!r1 & also adh]+ to ! /alk2 ) ! o!r h&1 take hold ab\t midways ( ! /alk & pass to ! "o ty+ up1 enabl+ him to receive ! plant 9 su* a way z to n ne$ to %ift x 9 8 h&1 b to place x imm$iately into its position beside ! pole4 ,all leaves :i* are accid5tally or o!rwise brok5 f ! plants1 %\ld be ga!r$ up ea* day1 & hung ?ree or f\r 9 a bun*1 ! same way z ! plants1 or /r+ !m on a /r+2 ! latt] is ! be/ way--) a l>ge ne$le-?read1 a suitable cord1 & on to ?is /r+ ! leaves "o at a "t1 by runn+ ! ne$le ?r\gh ne> ! end ( ! /em4 ,^! c be hung by atta*+ ! two ends to "s suitable nail1 & hav+ x rema9 /ret*$4 ,9 ?is way !y w cure v well4 8,hav+ h\s$ ! :ole ( y\r crop1 give x all ! air y c1 by op5+ doors1 %utt]s1 c4 ,let !m rema9 op5 dur+ pleasant wea!r1 rememb]+ to close !m 9 wet1 damp wea!r1 z well z nights2 & also %ad+ ! crop s f> z may be f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 to prev5t blan*+4 ,:5 x has ne>ly cur$1 %ut x up & let x rema9 till p]fectly cur$4 ,?is may be kn[n by ! /em ( ! leaves be+ dri$ up1 s t no gre5 sap w %[ itself4 ,if y h hung 9 y\r /ables & o!r places t y wi% to use1 x w be necess>y to take x d[n & /rip x at ! fir/ fav\rable opportunity1 :i* is describ$ f>!r along4 ,! sep>ate build+ else:]e describ$ is to be pref]r$1 z x does n necessitate any imm$iate hurry 9 gett+ x d[n4 ,9 su* x c be all[$ to hang & freeze & ?aw two or ?ree times1 :i* improves ! col\r & weight1 & w give m leisure 9 /ripp+1 c4 ,wat* a fav\rable "t1 :5 x ra9s & is damp1 to op5 y\r build+s1 & let 9 ! damp air till ! tobacco is damp$1 s t x c be h&l$ )\t any dang] ( break+ ! leaves4 ,x ne$ n get too damp1 z 9 t case x is liable to injure 9 ! pile be=e y c get x /ripp$4 ,x w ga9 dampness f ! /alk40 ,! ,cuban tobacco plant]1 accord+ to ,davis1 8w\ld =ce ! dry+ 9 wet wea!r & ret>d x 9 dry wea!r1 z ei!r extreme is injuri\s2 ! wet is injuri\s1 z ! leaves1 :5 !y *ange f ! natural col\r to a pale yell[ & light br[n1 easily mildew2 :5 dry1 z be=e-nam$1 x is tak5 d[n4 ,damp wea!r is be/1 s z n to break ! leaves1 :i* are imm$iately /ripp$ f ! /alks & sort$ into z _m grades z ! m>ket may require1 f "o to f\r & ev5 m grades1 z #8bright yell[1 dull1 seconds1 & gr\nd-leaves4' ,b ,i see no necessity = b ?ree grades1 z ! ov]-ripe1 ! unripe1 & ! j ripe at cutt+1 & :5 prop]ly dri$ !y %[ _! grade pla9 en\gh to sort4 ,aft] be+ /ripp$ & sort$1 !y are to be sep>ately pil$ 7#8bulk$' "s say7 9 c\rses ( leaves--#b1 #d1 or #f ti]s ( leaves1 /ems end out1 & #c-d feet high4 ,! leaves %\ld be kept /raight 9 all ^! h&l+s4 ,! heap %\ld be made up ea* day sep>ate1 z x beg9s to make tobacco 9 #ab h\rs or s1 by f]m5t+1 :i* is v>i\sly call$ #8cur+1' #8sweat+1' #8condition+1' c4 ,soon z ! heap beg9s to get w>m x %\ld be re-pil$1 putt+ ! inn] ti] out s z to equalize ! f]m5tation2 "s re-pile sev]al times & "s none2 b ! f]m5tation %\ld be kept equal1 & if cov]$ ) old sail-clo? x c be regulat$4 ,?is f]m5t+ is all[$ to proce$ = #d-f weeks by c>eful manufactur]s2 z x is ! process t makes ! tobacco to suit ! ta/e ( tobacco-epicures x %\ld be c>efully done1 yet _m d x 9 a c>eless mann]1 & ?us h an article s poor z to n f9d _m lov]s4 ,at ! end ( ! #d-f weeks ! ,cuba gr[] w\ld h "o side ( ea* leaf slightly moi/5$ ) ! decoction ( tobacco1 :i* is made by lett+ "s leaves rot 9 clean wat]1 & !n he w\ld tie x up 9 hanks ( #be or #cj leaves1 & hang "o day = dry+1 !n take x d[n & pack x 9 tight casks z be+ be/4 ,f ^! leaves he w\ld make ! be/ ,cuba cig>s4 ,! ,virg9ian gr[] w\ld n wet 8 tobacco aft] x _h f]m5t$1 b simply tie x 9 hanks s t #e or #f w\ld weigh a p\nd1 & !n pack x 9 8 hog%eads = m>ket2 & ?is1 aft] x _h la9 f "o to six mon?s 9 ! #8condition+ bulks4'0 ,burton1 translat+ f ,mitj51 goes m fully into ! ,cuban practice4 ,he advises fir/ly t ! 8%oots & ! spr\ts %\ld be put ap>t f ! pr9cipal tobacco1 ) :i* x %\ld nev] be mix$1 nei!r 9 ! heaps nor 9 ! packages4 ,! day aft] ! tobacco has be5 cut & plac$ 9 ! cur+-h\ses1 ! poles %\ld be pu%$ toge!r1 mak+ ?us a compact mass1 ) ! object1 t by means ( ! w>m?1 :i* ?is contact produces1 ! f]m5tation %\ld comm5ce1 call$ madurad]o4 ,9 ?is /ate x %\ld rema9 #b or #c days1 accord+ to ! consi/5cy ( ! tobacco & ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,by means ( ?is fir/ f]m5tation x acquires an equal & a yell[i% col\r3 by ! second or ?ird day1 at ! late/1 ?is col\r %\ld be uni=m1 & !n )\t loss ( "t ! poles %\ld be spread ap>t1 & giv5 all ! v5tilation possible1 s t f]m5tation may n cont9ue1 & ! dry+ ( ! leaves may be facilitat$--c>e be+ tak5 t !y are n expos$ to ! dew1 ! sun1 nor to spr9kl+ ( wat]1 %\ld x ra94 ,z ! tobacco dries1 ! poles %\ld be hung on high] pegs1 s z to leave ! l[] ones unoccupi$ = ! fre% leaves br\ght f ! fields4 ,?is op]ation %\ld be p]=m$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ :il/ ! leaves are flexible & s(t2 because lat] 9 ! day !y become crisp]1 & are m apt to te>4 8,x is n judici\s to all[ ! tobacco to dry too precipitately1 by expos+ x to a v /rong curr5t ( air1 because /rong w9d greatly injures its quality2 _m leaves break1 & t silk9ess ( appe>ance is de/roy$ :i* good leaves %\ld h1 & :i* x is desirable to pres]ve4 ,dur+ heavy w9ds ! doors ( ! dry+-h\se %\ld be kept clos$2 !y %\ld also be kept clos$ if !re is mu* dampness 9 ! atmosph]e occasion$ by heavy & cont9u\s ra94 ,dampness causes mildew1 :i* %[s itself fir/ 9 ! po9ts ( ! leaves1 & is ! comm5cem5t ( ! rot4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 & to *eck ?is evil1 x is conv5i5t to spread1 or "p ! poles a little2 & if ! ra9s1 or ! excess ( humidity cont9ue1 fires %\ld be k9dl$ & smoke made 9 ! cur+-h\ses1 op5+ at ! same "t ! doors & ! w9d[s1 s z to facilitate ! circulation ( air :il/ ! smok+ is go+ on4 8,aft] ! tobacco is ?or\ghly dry1 x %\ld be plac$ on ! highe/ beams1 or pegs1 ( ! framework :i* support ! poles1 squeez+ !m compactly toge!r4 ,?is mu/ be done 9 ! morn+ :il/ ! leaves are s(t1 & all ?is %\ld be done ) a view ( protect+ x f ! effects ( *ange 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! h\se %\ld1 aft] ?is1 be kept clos$1 until x is "t to make ! heaps4 8,! object ( heap+ up ! tobacco is to produce a second f]m5tation1 s z to equalize ! col\r ( ! leaf & we> out ( x t excess ( glut5 or res9\s matt] :i* is natural to ! plant2 ?is f]m5tation makes ! leaves m silky & ductile1 & gives !m a m agreeable flav\r4 ,! place = mak+ ! heaps %\ld be prep>$ be=eh&1 9 "o or m ( ! rooms ( ! tobacco-h\se1 by mak+ a k9d ( box l9$ ) yaguas 7%eets ( palm-tree b>k7 at ! bottom & ! sides1 ! base is a bo>d+ on :i* %\ld be plac$ a suffici5t quantity ( dry planta9 leaves1 :i* s]ve z a b$ = ! heaps4 8,9 ! mon?s ( ,april or ,may1 :5 ! ra9y season comm5ces1 ! poles :i* are on ! highe/ pegs ( ! scaffold+ %\ld be tak5 d[n & plac$ some:at ap>t1 "o f ! o!r1 on ! l[] pegs4 ,! doors ( ! h\se %\ld be left op5 at night1 s t ! humidity f ! atmosph]e may ent]1 & :51 9 ! morn+1 ! tobacco is f\nd to be s(t & silky1 x is fit to be plac$ 9 heaps4 ,! pairs ( leaves %\ld !n be collect$ 9 armfuls1 ) all ! bits ( /alks plac$ 9 "o direction2 ! leaves t may be f\nd d\bl$ or crook$ %\ld be smoo!d out1 & ea* armful %\ld be plac$ 9 lay]s 9 ! heaps1 plac+ ! fir/ lay] at ! bottom ) all ! woody pieces ( ! /alk t\*+ ! yagua :i* =ms ! sides ( ! case2 o!r lay]s %\ld be plac$ ) ! /alk rev]s$1 & 9 ?is mann]1 cross+ ! leaves1 ! pile %\ld be rais$ up level4 ,:5 a pile has a suffici5t height1 ano!r1 & ano!r1 is made until ! tobacco is f9i%$ or ! case is full1 s t ea* heap may =m a compact mass ( leaves protect$ by ! pieces ( /alk all r\nd1 :i* %\ld nev] t\* ! leaves1 b only t\* ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! heaps h be5 ?us made1 !y %\ld be cov]$ ) dry planta9 leaves1 or palm sk9s1 &1 9 front1 by palm leaves4 8,tobacco %\ld n be pack$ ?us :5 x is too damp1 because a v /rong f]m5tation w\ld ensue1 :i*1 if kept up long] ?an necess>y1 w\ld pass to putrefaction4 ,! tobacco only requires to be s(t1 or flexible1 be=e pack+1 s z to produce a c]ta9 degree ( heat1 nei!r is x conv5i5t to pack tobacco :5 too dry1 = !n x w\ld n f]m5t at all1 nor w\ld any b5eficial results be produc$4 ,:5 x has be5 pack$ suffici5tly s(t1 x und]goes aft] ! second or ?ird day a degree ( heat ( #aaj to #abj ,f4 9 ! c5tre ( ! heap1 & if x does n acquire ?is degree ( heat x is because x has be5 pack$ too dry4 8,we h already said t reap+ or cutt+ tobacco %\ld be p]=m$ 9 ?ree di/9ct sections1 pres]v+ always a di/9ction1 consequ5tly ! cr[n leaves %\ld =m "o heap1 or "o set ( heaps2 ! second & ?ird pairs ano!r1 or o!rs2 ! f\r?s & ! fif?s o!rs2 & la/ly1 ! capaduras 7second %oots f ! same plants7 o!rs4 ,?is sy/em1 besides hav+ ! advantages :i* we h 9 ano!r place describ$1 greatly facilitates ! sort+ ( ! leaves1 z ! diff]5t qualities are f ! fir/ kept ap>t1 & sc>cely any o!r "w rema9s to be done ?an t ( tak+ out ! brok5 leaves4 ,tobacco %\ld be kept = at lea/ #cj days 9 heaps1 aft] :i*1 sort+ & *oos+ ! leaves may comm5ce1 beg9n+ fir/ ) ! heaps ( ! inf]ior qualities40 ,/ripp+4--,/ripp+ may be p]=m$ at any "t1 provid$ ! leaves1 aft] be+ once prop]ly dri$1 h aga9 become pliable4 ,= /ripp+1 su* a numb] ( plants z w furni% "w = sev]al days are tak5 d[n on a morn+1 :5 ! plants h absorb$ "s moi/ure1 & h become ela/ic2 !y are put 9 a heap1 & prop]ly cov]$1 to *eck evaporation4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! night air %\ld be s v dry t ! leaves _c absorb suffici5t moi/ure to become pliable1 a moi/ atmosph]e c be creat$ ei!r by /eam1 or by p\r+ wat] on ! floor1 or by keep+ vessels ) wat] 9 ! %$4 ,if ?is _c be done1 ! tobacco mu/ rema9 hang+ until !re is damp wea!r4 ,"u no condition %\ld ! tobacco be /ripp$ :5 n pliant1 t is if ! leaves are s brittle t !y w\ld break :5 b5t or roll$4 ,! be/ arrangem5t is to keep ! dry+-%$ & /ripp+-room sep>ate1 s9ce ! latt] requires to be m moi/ ?an ! =m]4 ,a cell> "u ! dry+-%$ is be/ suit$ = /ripp+4 ,x %\ld be l>ge en\gh to admit ( ! erection ( a scaffold to receive ! tobacco4 ,pursley looks ^u /ripp+ z be+ lab\r suit$ to damp wea!r4 ,he says1 8! lugs1 %ipp+1 & manufactur+1 :i* are wor/1 m$ium1 & be/ qualities1 %\ld be sep>at$ at /ripp+4 ,! #8lugs1' or wor/ quality1 are f\nd at ! bottom ( ! plant2 !y are *affy & light leaves1 & %\ld be /ripp$ f ! /alk & ti$ 9 bundles by !mselves ) all ( ! ragg$1 black1 & injur$ leaves4 ,! second quality1 or #8%ipp+ tobacco1' is a grade above ! lugs2 x is ! r$ or br[n tobacco2 ?is %\ld also be ti$ 9 sep>ate bundles4 ,! be/1 or #8manufactur+1' is ! f9e/ & brighte/ leaves1 & %\ld be put 9 bundles by itself4 ,9 /ripp+1 ! /ems ( ! leaves %\ld be brok5 (f z close z possible to ! /alk2 ?is adds to ! weight ( ! tobacco4 ,9 =m+ a bundle1 ! butts ( ! leaves %\ld be plac$ ev5ly1 & closely toge!r1 & press$ tightly 9 ! h&2 !n a leaf %\ld be fold$ to =m a wrapp] #b in*es 9 wid?2 !n wrap x tightly & smoo?ly ar\nd ! butts ( ! leaves1 w9d+ x f ! end d[n1 ab\t #b in*es1 !n op5 ! bundle 9 ! middle1 & tuck ! wrapp]-leaf ?r\gh ! op5+1 & draw x snug1 s t :5 ! op5+ is clos$ ! wrapp]-leaf w rema92 ?is =ms a bundle :i* we call a #8h& ( tobacco4' ,! h&s %\ld be /rung on /icks1 & hoi/$ up 9 ! b>n on ! ti]-poles2 #ah-bj h&s may be put on ea* /ick1 at equal di/ances ap>t40 ,libh>t expresses 8 op9ions on /ripp+ 9 ! foll[+ words4 8,at ! sett+ 9 ( a w>m1 drizzl+1 wet1 foggy spell ( wea!r1 ! %$ mu/ be op5$ on all sides to all[ ! damp atmosph]e to p]vade ! :ole int]ior2 aft] ! dry leaves h become damp en\gh to all[ h&l+ 9 any degree )\t break+1 ! /alks mu/ be tak5 (f ! la? or pull$ d[n & laid 9 heaps ab\t #ah in*es or #b feet high1 & any desir$ l5g?2 if x is n int5d$ to /rip x imm$iately1 x %\ld be convey$ to a cell> or o!r ap>tm5t1 :]e x w rema9 damp2 x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be suff]$ to rema9 long] ?an #b or #c days 9 heaps1 )\t exam9ation1 z !re is sometimes suffici5t moi/ure rema9+ 9 ! /alks or froz5 leaves to create heat & rot ! good tobacco4 ,if f\nd to be heat+1 x %\ld be *ang$ ab\t & air$ & be /ripp$ imm$iately4 ,if f\nd to be dry+ out1 fur!r evaporation may be *eck$ by cov]+ ! heaps ) damp /raw or corn-fodd]4 ,tobacco is usually /ripp$ into two qualities1 #8gr\nd-leaf1' or #8fill]s1' & #8wrapp]s'2 ! leaves t lie next ! gr\nd1 g5]ally f #b to #d1 are always m or less damag$ by s& beat5 on by ! ra9 & o!r causes1 h5ce !y only comm& ab\t half ! price ( ! good tobacco or #8wrapp]s4' ,! gr\nd-leaves are tak5 (f fir/ & ti$ up sep>ately 9 bun*es4 ,) a bun* clasp$ 9 "o h&1 take a leaf & wrap x ar\nd 7beg9n+ at ! end ( ! bun*71 conf9+ ! end "u ! fir/ turn1 cont9ue to wrap smoo?ly & neatly until ab\t #c in*es ( ! leaf rema9s1 !n op5 ! bun* 9 ! middle & draw ! rema9+ "p ( ! leaf ?r\gh4 ,?is =ms a neat & compact #8h&1' t w be> a great deal ( h&l+ )\t com+ op54 ,aft] ! gr\nd-leaves h be5 remov$1 ! good leaves are /ripp$ (f & ti$ up ! same z ! gr\nd-leaves1 ) ?is exception3 ! leaves ( ea* /alk %\ld be ti$ 9 a bun* by !mselves1 to pres]ve a uni=mity 9 col\r & size1 z tobacco is sold 9 ! m>ket accord+ to col\r & size1 !re=e if ! leaves ( a l>ge & a small plant1 or ( a d>k-col\r$ & a light "o1 be ti$ up toge!r1 x at once dim9i%es ! appe>ance & value ( ! crop40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,h& ,,( ,,tobacco4 ,d5nis describes /ripp+ z be+ 8p]=m$ by hold+ ! plant1 top d[n1 ) ! left h&1 :ile ) ! "r h& ! leaves are pull$ (f1 tak+ c>e to h ! /ems all ev5 9 ! h&1 s t ! ends are toge!r4 ,:5 #aj-ae leaves h ?us be5 grasp$ by ! "r h&1 *ange ! h&ful to ! left h&1 & ) ! "r1 select a leaf & wrap x ar\nd ! /ems at ! end1 s z to b9d !m altoge!r & cov] up ! ends1 !n split ! o!r leaves ap>t ) ! f+]1 & pull ! end ( y\r wrapp+-leaf ?r\gh1 & y h a #8h&' ( tobacco4 ,a small #8h&' ( leaves1 uni=m 9 size & col\r1 w be f\nd ! mo/ desirable %ape to tie x 91 resembl+ ,fig4 #ab4 ,! bottom leaves ( ! plant1 & all torn & defective leaves1 %\ld be ti$ up by !mselves1 & are kn[n z #8lugs4' ,^! #8h&s' %\ld be #8bulk$' aga91 ) ! wrapp$ end out1 & cov]$ ) /raw1 or any?+ t w reta9 ! #8case1' & if subject to imm$iate sale1 may be box$ up or haul$ to m>ket4 ,if box$1 x %\ld be put 9 tight boxes--if haul$1 x %\ld be kept cov]$ until unload$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid #8high case'--extreme dampness or s(tness 9 bulk+ tobacco aft] x is /ripp$--z x may be #8funk$' 9 bulk1 & ru9$2 & x %\ld n be pack$ 9 t condition :5 x is liable to rema9 long4 ,x is a crop t is nev] (f ( h&s40 ,accord+ to ,p]ry ,hull1 /ripp+1 or1 z he t]ms x1 8pick+10 %\ld n take place till ab\t ,decemb]2 8at lea/ n until ! fat /ems 7ma9 /ems ( ! leaves1 :i* are n ?or\ghly cur$ at ! butt-end7 h mo/ly or all disappe>$1 :i* !y w h done by t "t1 if ! crop rea*$ maturity be=e h>ve/+4 ,! op]ations ( pick+ & assort+ are by _m1 :o make only two classes or qualities ( ! tobacco1 c>ri$ on at ! same "t4 ,by f> ! pref]able way is1 especially if !re is a v l>ge crop to pick1 to take (f ! leaves dur+ damp or wet wea!r1 tie !m into bundles ( #ae-bj lb41 ) tw9e1 & pack x away into cell>s1 or :]ev] x c be kept )\t dry+ up4 ,x c !n be assort$ 9 any k9d ( wea!r1 ?us ga9+ consid]able "t1 z two w pick & tie up 9 ?is way z mu* dur+ "o wet spell z #f h&s w\ld1 assort+ & hank+ up1 at ! same "t4 ,ano!r reason :y ! la/ practice is pref]able is1 t1 by ! =m]1 ! assort+ c be b indiff]5tly done2 :]eas1 by ! la/1 x c be done z c>efully z desir$4 ,tobacco %\ld n be all[$ to get too wet be=e pick+2 9 fact1 %\ld n be all[$ to get wet at all1 s z to feel wet1 only j damp en\gh to make ! leaves pliable1 s z to h&le & pack )\t break+ or feel+ husky4 ,if all[$ to get wet1 be=e pick+1 x is next to impossible to get x dri$ to ! prop] /ate aga9 s uni=mly b t "s ( ! leaves w /ill be too wet1 :ile o!rs w be dry en\gh to crack & break4 ,s if ! ra9s are long en\gh to get x too wet1 :i* !y (t5 are1 by all means let x rema9 ^u ! poles until ! next wet spell40 ,sort+4--,tobacco int5d$ = smok+ %\ld be c>efully sort$ :5 /ripp$4 ,!re %\ld be f\r sorts3 #a/1 l>ge1 equally good col\r$1 untorn leaves2 #bnd1 leaves ( good size & col\r1 b torn2 #crd1 leaves ( inf]ior col\r1 & bottom leaves2 #d?1 refuse1 %rivell$-up leaves1 c41 to :i* may be add$ ! suck]s ,no4 #a leaves1 :5 ?91 ela/ic1 & ( good sorts1 are mo/ly valu$ z wrapp]s 7outside cov]s7 = cig>s1 ,no4 #b may also be us$ z wrapp]s1 b are less valu$ ?an ,no4 #a2 !y are adapt$ = fill]s & cut tobacco4 ,! diff]5t sorts are kept sep>ate4 ,! be/ plan is to let ! mo/ intellig5t man /rip ! leaves f ! /em1 & at once sep>ate !m accord+ to quality4 ,! leaves %\ld !n be made into h&s1 i4e4 #aj-bj leaves %\ld be ti$ toge!r by twi/+ a leaf r\nd ! end ( ! /alks1 ea* sort be+ att5d$ by a special man1 to avoid mix+4 ,! leaves ( ! fir/ sort be+ l>ge1 #aj-ae w be suffici5t = a h&2 m are requir$ ( ! o!r sorts4 ,:5 mak+ ! h&s ( ! two fir/ sorts1 ea* leaf is tak5 sep>ately1 smoo!n$ on a flat bo>d1 & left !re :ile ano!r is treat$ 9 ! same way1 cont9u+ ?us until a suffici5t numb] is ready to make a h&4 ,:5 ! h& is ready1 x is laid aside1 & a weight is plac$ ^u x to keep ! leaves smoo?4 ,to sell well1 accord+ to ,p]ry ,hull1 tobacco 8%\ld be assort$ into ?ree classes or grades1 ,wrapp]s1 ,seconds1 & ,fill]s4 ,! wrapp]s w include ! s\nde/1 be/-col\r$ leaves1 ! col\r 7a d>k c9namon7 %\ld be z uni=m z possible2 ?is quality %\ld include no?+ b :at is fit = wrapp]s4 ,! ,seconds1 :i* are us$ z b9d]s = cig>s1 c41 w include ! small top leaves1 ( :i*1 if ! tobacco 0 topp$ too high1 !re w be "o or two to ea* plant--! bad col\rs1 & ^? leaves some:at damag$ by worms & bad h&l+1 b n s mu* s z to be ragg$4 ,! ?ird class1 or ,fill]s1 w include ! balance ( ! crop1 bottom leaves1 ragg$ leaves1 c4 ,! tobacco %\ld be done up into hanks ( ab\t lb4 ea*1 or ab\t :at c be encompass$ by ! ?umb & f+]s1 w9d+ at ! butt ) a pliable leaf1 draw+ ! end ?r\gh ! hank to secure x40 ,! ,cuban sy/em ( sort+ is describ$ at consid]able l5g? by ,mitj51 ^: rem>ks are int]pret$ by ,burton z foll[s4 ,! op]ation consi/s 9 8sep>at+ "o f ! o!r ! diff]5t leaves1 accord+ to _! /r5g? & quality1 & divid+ ! produce ( ! crop into v>i\s classes4 ,^! are1 9 practice1 /yl$ ,libra1 #a/ quality2 ,quebrado1 #bnd quality1 brok52 ,injuriado de prim]a2 ,injuriado de segunda1 de t]c]a1 de cu>ta1 de qu9ta1 de sexta1 de setima2 ,libra de pie1 & capadura4 8,"u ?is classification x is presum$ t att5tion has be5 be/[$1 n only to ! special quality ( ! leaf1 b also to its size1 & its /ate1 :e!r :ole or brok52 b x is v seldom t exactness is f\nd 9 ?is classification1 because b v few p]sons possess ! requisite skill :i* su* a complicat$ mode ( sort+ requires4 ,moreov]1 by ! abuse ( mix+ 9 "o heap all k9ds ( leaves1 frequ5tly br\ght 9 f ! fields all mix$ toge!r1 ! prop] sort+ ( tobacco becomes a v complicat$ affair4 8,?is k9d ( classification & nom5clature is1 moreov]1 absurd1 & does n positively repres5t fix$ qualities1 "u ! d5om9ation ( :i*1 prices might be arrang$ :i* w\ld s]ve z a guide to ! m]*ant z well z ! gr[]4 ,9 a ^w1 ! names1 ) :i* ! diff]5t qualities ( tobacco are to-day di/+ui%$1 signify no?+1 & x is ridicul\s to be guid$ 9 bus9ess by !m4 ,until ?is k9d ( classification & nom5clature is *ang$1 x is impossible to quote ! m]cantile prices = ! diff]5t qualities1 because ! "n does n repres5t ! quality2 & ?is confusion t5ds greatly to ! prejudice ( ! plant]1 & ! m]*ant2 & h9d]s atta9+ ! p]fection aft] :i* we %\ld /rive4 8,we h %[n t ! practice ( mak+ a classification ( sev5 ,injuriados mu/ n be tak5 z absolute4 ,!re are bett] modes ( sort+ 9 :i* a sep>ation ( #h1 & ev5 #i ,injuriados %\ld be made1 & o!rs1 & by f> ! great] proportion1 9 :i* only #e ,injuriados %\ld be sep>at$2 s t ! quality :i*1 9 "o sort+1 w\ld appe> "u t ( fif?s--be+ ! l[e/ ( ! crop--w\ld be equal to eigh?s1 or n9?s1 if pick$ m c>efully2 & ! fif?s1 9 a sort+1 ^: l[e/ class may be sev5?s1 is ab\t equal 9 quality to t ( ?irds ( o!r pick+s1 ^: l[e/ class w\ld be fif?s1 if bo? crops _h produc$ equal k9ds ( tobacco4 8,!re is ev5 m to confirm our op9ion4 ,suppos+ two crops equal 9 all respects1 & t ea* plant] makes a sep>ation ( #g ,injuriados4 ,?is w\ld n ensure t ! intr9sic value ( ea* respective quality w\ld be equal2 = ea* ,vegu]o has 8 own p>ticul> mode ( consid]+ ! diff]5t classes1 & "s make a mu* m c>eful sort+ ?an o!rs4 ,9 ! suppos$ case x may happ51 z x frequ5tly does1 t ! ,vegu]o ,a w take f 8 crop--:i* we w suppose to be "o hundr$ packages--#b ( ! fir/1 #c ( ! second1 #e ( ! ?ird1 #h ( ! f\r?1 #ab ( ! fif?1 #cj ( ! six?1 & #dj ( ! sev5?2 :]eas ! ,vegu]o ,b w take f 81 #d ( ! fir/1 #f ( ! second1 #aj ( ! ?ird1 #af ( ! f\r?1 #cb ( ! fif?1 #ba ( ! six?1 & #aa ( ! sev5?2 & x w\ld result1 f ! comp>ison ( ^! two suppos$ pick+s1 t ea* ( ^! classes ( ! ,vega ,a w\ld correspond to ! imm$iate sup]ior "o ( ! ,vega ,b1 z w be %[n on ! foll[+ calculation3-- ,a4 #b ,bales1 #a/ at #abj #bdj #c 0 #bnd 0 #ajj #cjj #e 0 #crd 0 #hj #djj #h 0 #d? 0 #fj #dhj #ab 0 #e? 0 #dj #dhj #cj 0 #f? 0 #be #gej #dj 0 #g? 0 #bj #hjj ---- ------ #ajj #cdej ---- ------ ,b4 #d ,bales1 #a/ at #ajj #djj #f 0 #bnd 0 #hj #dhj #aj 0 #crd 0 #fj #fjj #af 0 #d? 0 #dj #fdj #cb 0 #e? 0 #be #hjj #ba 0 #f? 0 #bj #dbj #aa 0 #g? 0 #aj #aaj ------ -------- #ajj #cdej ------ -------- 8,"h x may be se5 t ! second ( ,a is wor? z mu* z ! fir/ ( ,b1 ! ?ird ( ,a z mu* z ! second ( ,b1 & s successively 9 ! o!r classes2 & z x is ( importance t names %\ld repres5t fix$ objects1 & t ea* quality %\ld repres5t a relative value1 we ?9k t ! sort+s & ! classifications des]ve a re=m1 :i* w\ld und\bt$ly br+ ) x advantages to ! plant]1 to ! m]*ant1 ! manufactur]1 & ! consum]4 8,! re=m 9 ! sort+s %\ld take its orig9 f a re=m 9 ! plantation or field1 & pr9cipally 9 ! mann] ( cutt+4 ,by obs]v+ a me?odical & well-calculat$ sy/em1 ea* "o ( ! op]ations prep>es & facilitates ! execution ( ! succe$+ "o4 ,9 its prop] place1 we h recomm5d$ t ! tobacco plant] %\ld n attempt to plant m ?an #ab1jjj plants = ea* lab\r] employ$1 s t all ! plants may receive prop] cultivation & att5tion4 ,if all ^! plants are equally well tak5 c>e (1 if ! l& has be5 prop]ly prep>$ ) manure1 & all h _h ! same advantage ( season1 x is a necess>y consequ5ce t ! fruit w be equally good4 ,if aft]w>ds ! cutt+ or cropp+ is made 9 #c sections1 pres]v+ always ! sep>ation we h recomm5d$1 we %all h1 naturally1 n a caprici\s assortm5t ( leaves1 b "o 9 ! ord] e/abli%$ by nature4 8,none w1 we ?9k1 "q ! fact t ! pairs ( leaves on "o /alk mu/ be equal 9 quality to ^? cut f an adjo9+ /alk1 t is to say1 all ! cr[n leaves mu/ be ( ! same quality1 all ! second also1 & s successively4 ,?is admitt$1 we h ! sep>ation ( qualities made1 almo/1 9 ! field1 & x only rema9s to sep>ate ! sizes1 & ! s\nd leaves f ! torn ones1 an op]ation :i* any p]son c make2 & ?us x w be unnecess>y to employ ^? workm5 :o /yle !mselves sort]s1 :o are suppos$ to h an exact k ( ! prop]ties ( ea* leaf4 ,! sort+s ought1 !re=e1 to be made by classes1 or by bales1 ea* conta9+ ! sep>ate qualities beg9n+ ) ! bale ( capaduras & mamones1 :i* may be mix$ toge!r 9 ! same bale4 ,( ?is quality1 h[ev]1 n m ?an two classes %\ld be made1 :i* may be call$ suck]s & spr\ts2 & 9 ! class call$ spr\ts1 ! s\nd & l>g] leaves ( good consi/5cy %\ld be plac$4 ,! result w\ld be a tripa ( good quality1 &1 aft] ?r[+ away all ^? t are really )\t sub/ance1 ! rema9d] w\ld =m ! second class1 & w\ld make a useful tripa1 al?\gh inf]ior to ! =m]4 8,:5 ^! are made1 ! next bales %\ld be made ( tobacco *os5 f ! inf]ior class ( leaves1 ( :i* #c classes ought to be made1 & call$ sano1 quebrado1 & dese*o de t]c]a4 ,9 ! fir/ class ( ^!1 :i* we w call ?ird quality1 %\ld be plac$ all ! s\nd leaves :i* h any consi/5cy2 & ?is w\ld =m a weak capa1 equal to t :i* is n[ call$ cle> fif?s1 qu9ta limpia1 & ?is might be call$ sano de t]c]a4 ,! second class %\ld conta9 ! torn or brok5 leaves ( good consi/5cy1 b n s mu* brok5 or injur$ z to m]it only ! "n ( %av+s1 z ! leaves :i* are v mu* torn1 or small pieces ( leaves1 are call$4 ,?is class w\ld be call$ quebrado de t]c]a1 & might be us$ = inf]ior tripa4 ,! la/ class ( ?is quality1 aft] ?r[+ away all ! useless leaves1 w\ld be call$ dese*o4 8,aft] ?is1 & 9 ! same ord] z ! prec$+1 ?ree classes %\ld be made f ! sort+s = ! heaps ( bad seconds & ?irds1 & call$ sano1 quebrado1 & tripa ( ! second class4 ,! fir/ ( ^! %\ld conta9 all ! s\nd leaves1 & %\ld be call$ sano de segunda1 second-class s\nd4 ,! second %\ld be compos$ ( ! damag$ leaves1 b good = mak+ capa1 & %\ld be call$ second-class brok52 & ! ?ird1 :i* w be ! mo/ brok51 %\ld be call$ second-class tripa4 8,f9ally1 ! pick+1 or sort+ = ! pile ( pairs ( cr[n leaves %\ld be made2 & ( ?is quality !re %\ld also be ?ree classes1 :i* w be d5om9at$ #8sano1' #8quebrado1' & #8tripa de corona1' obs]v+ always ! same ord] z 0 done = ! piles or heaps ( seconds & ?irds4 8,sort+ c>ri$ on 9 ?is ord] is s simplifi$ t we d n d\bt x might be done 9 "o-?ird ! "t tak5 "u ! pres5t sy/em2 & ! lab\r ( ! resort]s w\ld be disp5s$ )1 :i* mo/ ( ! vegu]os h n[ to employ & pay1 z _m ( !m d n consid] !mselves suffici5tly exp]t 9 ! matt] to classify _! own tobacco4 ,?is classification & nom5clature repres5t exact qualities to :i* a relative value c be fix$1 & may s]ve z a base = m]cantile transactions4 8,! manufactur] w n h to cont5d ) bales ( mix$ tobacco conta9+ all ! diff]5t classes :i* ! vega may h produc$2 & he w f9d ?is division v conv5i5t to det]m9e ! "t :5 ea* class may be us$ )\t hav+ any loss f f9d+ 9 !m leaves t are n season$1 :il/ o!rs ( ! same bale1 & p]haps ( ! same manojo1 may h become det]iorat$ f hav+ rema9$ too long 9 f]m5tation4 ,! manufactur] w1 )\t any great tr\ble1 be able to make ! assortm5t = /rong & weak tripa accord+ to ! quality ( capa :i* is go+ to be us$1 a mo/ ess5tial po9t 9 cig> mak+1 & ?us he w be able to make cig>s ) all p]fection4 ,all ^! advantages w result f adopt+ ! re=m 9 ! mann] ( sort+ :i* we propose4 ,&1 9 spite ( its simplicity1 x is mu* m positive & ext5sive1 z x w be compos$ ( f\r qualities subdivid$ into elev5 classes4 ,! consum]1 too1 w h ! advantage ( be+ able to procure cig>s manufactur$ completely ( ! quality :i* he pref]s1 & ! cont5ts ( ea* box1 or ea* set ( boxes1 w be all equal bo? 9 flav\r & col\r1 :i*1 "u ! pres5t sy/em1 x is difficult to f9d4 ,! classes w be /yl$3-- #a/ class ,s\nd cr[n4 ,fir/ quality #bnd 0 ,brok5 0 #crd 0 ,/uff+ 0 #a/ class ,s\nd seconds4 ,second quality #bnd 0 ,brok5 0 #crd 0 ,/uff+ 0 #a/ class ,s\nd ?irds4 ,?ird quality #bnd 0 ,brok5 0 #crd 0 ,/uff+ 0 ,f\r? quality1 #a/ & #bnd ,suck]s & spr\ts4 8,x is sc>cely necess>y to add t1 accord+ to ! prec$+ sy/em ( sort+1 only #c divisions1 cases1 or rooms1 ) yaguas1 w be requir$ = deposit+ ! respective qualities :i* ! workm5 may be assort+1 until suffici5t quantity has be5 collect$ 9 ea* to comm5ce ! season+ or pa9t+1 betumeo1 enmannillado1 or engavillado1 manojo1 & ent]ciadura4 8,9 all k9ds ( sort+s1 ! fragm5ts ( brok5 leaves1 too small to use = cig>s1 %\ld be collect$1 spong$1 & ) !m packages made ( picadura4 ,?is %\ld be pres]v$1 & ! foll[+ ye> x w be useful = mak+ betun4 ,wa% ! tobacco1 or r sponge x1 ) a solution made f ^! pieces ( good leaves1 & n ) a solution made f /alks & tra% ( new tobacco1 z "s d4 ,! wa% 7betun7 has ! same effect on tobacco t yea/ has on bread4 ,x is ! ag5t employ$ to produce a /rong & quick f]m5tation1 f :i* results t /rong & agreeable aroma t may be obs]v$ 9 old tobacco :i* has be5 well betumeado 7spong$ ) tobacco infusion74 ,?is infusion1 made ) fre% tobacco1 is n bad if made c>efully1 b we consid] t made ) old tobacco is ! be/1 because x in/antly imp>ts an agreeable od\r to ! leaves on :i* x is us$2 &1 in/ead ( ! infusion :i* is g5]ally us$1 x w\ld be clean] & bett]1 if a /rong decoction 0 made f picadura--! small pieces ( leaves ( good tobacco--& us$ aft] x _h become cold1 or on ! day aft] ! boil+ is made4 8,if ! wa% is made by infusion1 at lea/ two jugs %\ld be us$ to make x 91 & x %\ld be only us$ on ! ?ird or f\r? day1 r5ew+ x z (t5 z x appe>s to pass into a /ate ( putrid f]m5tation1 9 :i* /ate x is ( no use1 & on :i* acc\nt two deposits are necess>y1 s t "o at lea/ may always be 9 a fit /ate to use1 :il/ ! o!r is acquir+ ! necess>y /r5g? & a transp>5t gold5 col\r1 9 :i* /ate x is fit = use4 8,ea* tobacco leaf %\ld be dy$ sep>ately1 & n1 z "s d1 aft] x has be5 made up into gavillas--small bundles ti$ at "o end ( ! leaf4 ,x is v important t all ! leaves %\ld equally receive ! b5efit1 & ?is is impossible :5 sev]al are ti$ toge!r4 ,! good sy/em ( dye+ is us$ by all practical vegu]os2 to save lab\r "s d x o!rwise1 to ! great injury ( ! aroma & quality1 & no small risk ( ! tobacco becom+ spott$1 & full ( holes2 = tobacco inv>iably comm5ces to %[ ^! spots & small holes ne> ! heads ( ! gavilla1 :]e ! dye has n be5 able to p5etrate ow+ to ! mann] 9 :i* ! leaves are ti$4 ,ea* leaf ought1 !re=e1 to be dy$ sep>ately1 z ! mo/ intellig5t p d4 ,! leaves %\ld be plac$ sep>ately 9 r[s on a b5*1 hav+ all ! heads 9 "o l9e2 !n ! dye %\ld be appli$ by means ( a sponge1 :i* %\ld be soak$ 9 ! dye or infusion1 & squeez$1 s t a dampness only w be communicat$ to ! leaf4 8,9 pass+ ! sponge ov] ! leaf1 x %\ld be drawn f ! head or ?ick "p ne> ! /alk1 d[n ! l>ge ve9 to ! po9t1 s t ! ?ick ve9 d[n ! c5tre ( ! leaf may receive ! heavie/ "p ( ! infusion1 f :i* ! dye pu%es along ! transv]sal ve9s1 & all p>ts d]ive b5efit f x4 8,aft] dye+ ! fir/ lay] on ! b5*1 ano!r "o is plac$ above ?is1 keep+ always ! leaves 9 ! same direction2 & ?is op]ation is repeat$1 & ea* lay] is spong$1 until ! pile f :i* !y are tak5 is exhau/$4 ,z ?is new pile ( dy$ leaves gradually increases 9 height1 x %\ld be g5tly press$ d[n ) ! h&1 &1 :5 f9i%$1 %\ld be cov]$ ov] ) gre5 planta9 leaves4 ,?is op]ation %\ld be done 9 ! morn+1 & by nightfall ! tobacco w h acquir$ ! necess>y s(tness1 & soak$ up ! infusion1 s t ! leaves1 al?\gh v flexible1 w h no signs ( excess 9 moi/ure4 ,if !y h1 !y %\ld be spread to dry some:at1 because1 :5 ! bundles ( leaves are be+ ti$ up1 !y %\ld n be excessively wet1 z ! result w\ld probably be s /rong a f]m5tation t x w\ld deg5]ate into a putrid "o4 ,! leaves %\ld h a s(t silk9ess1 b %\ld h no positive signs ( wat] on !m aft] !y h be5 dy$4 8,:5 ! tobacco is 9 a good /ate ( s(tness1 ! next op]ation is ! #8cabeceo4' ,?is op]ation consi/s 9 unit+ ! leaves by ! heads--putt+ !m p]fectly ev51 & jo9+ toge!r a uni=m numb] ( ea* class4 ,! leaves %\ld be collect$ 9 ! palm ( ! left h&1 draw+ g5tly ! "r h& ov] all ! l5g? ( ea* leaf f ! head to ! po9t1 & ty+ !m at ! heads ) a piece ( yagua or v9e1 or1 z mo/ p d1 by b9d+ "o ( ! leaves r\nd ! head ( ! bundle4 ,?is op]ation is g5]ally made 9 ! ev5+1 & ! foll[+ morn+ !y %\ld be plac$ 9 ! bales1 z x injures ! tobacco to all[ x to dry 9 manojos be=e putt+ x into bales1 =1 if too dry1 f]m5tation is ret>d$1 or is incomplete 9 ! bales4 8,we h describ$ ! mann] ( wa%+ or dye+1 9 mak+ ! gavillas1 & ty+ !m 9 bundles z ! mo/ practical vegu]os d4 ,9 ?is "p we %\ld n1 we ?9k1 advise any innovation1 except t ( us+ old season$ tobacco in/ead ( fre% = mak+ ! infusion1 & sub/itut+ a decoction made by boil+1 in/ead ( an infusion 9 cold wat]4 ,b we /rongly advise a re=m 9 ! sort+ & ! classification2 & a fix$ numb] ( ea* class ( leaves %\ld be put 9 ea* gavilla1 z a basis f :i* to />t all calculations = m]cantile transactions4 ,we believe1 !re=e1 x w\ld be conv5i5t to fix1 aft] ! foll[+ ord]1 ! numb] ( leaves :i* ea* head #8gavilla' %\ld conta93- ,s\nd #be leaves to ea* gavilla ,fir/ quality ,brok5 or torn #cj 0 0 ,= /uff+ #dj 0 0 ,s\nd #cj 0 0 ,second quality ,brok5 or torn #ce 0 0 ,/uff+ #dc 0 0 ,s\nd #dj 0 0 ,?ird quality ,brok5 or torn #de 0 0 ,dese*o ,^! ?ree classes may be add$ )\t ,f\r? quality ,suck]s c\nt+ ! ,spr\ts numb] ( leaves1 b mak+ ! heads 7gavillas7 ( a regul> uni=m size2 & ! manojos & bales ( ab\t ! same size z ^? ( #8s\nd' & #8brok5' ( ! ?ird quality1 ! latt] weigh+ #ajj-abe lb4 8,by foll[+ /rictly ?is me?od1 & by e/abli%+ ^! quantities & qualities1 z a basis = all contracts1 any defects f\nd might easily be obviat$2 & v exact calculations might be made ( ! numb] ( cig>s ea* bale w\ld yield1 aft] hav+ exam9$ its special condition2 & its real value might be e/imat$ ei!r by bales or bundles1 or by weight40 ,bulk+4--,bulk+ means plac+ ! tobacco-leaves 9 heaps = ! purpose ( heat+1 9 ord] to develop col\r & flav\r2 ?is is c>ri$ out 9 v>i\s ways1 ne>ly all involv+ great lab\r & risk1 z 9 mo/ in/ances tobacco loses m or less 9 value dur+ ! process call$ 8cur+40 ,! m c>e is tak5 9 rais+ ! crop1 ! less att5tion ! tobacco requires 9 ! %$4 ,) a good k9d ( tobacco1 gr[n on light1 friable soil1 treat$ z describ$1 little c>e w be ne$$1 aft] ! leaves are dri$ & /ripp$4 ,by ! dry+ process1 ! leaves w h und]gone a sl[ f]m5tation1 :i* makes x unnecess>y to wat* or guide a regul> f]m5tation aft]w>ds1 h5ce bulk+ & f]m5t+1 z g5]ally und]/ood1 are n requir$4 ,aft] be+ made into h&s1 ! tobacco is put into heaps 7bulk$7 be=e x aga9 dries4 ,e ev5+1 ! tobacco t has be5 /ripp$ dur+ ! day is bulk$2 b if ! wea!r be v dry1 x mu/ be bulk$ z soon z a c]ta9 numb] ( h&s is ready4 ,! heaps %\ld be made #d-h feet squ>e & #d-h feet high2 all ! /alks are outside1 & ! :ole is cov]$ by mats1 c41 to *eck evaporation4 ,! dri] ! tobacco1 ! l>g] mu/ ! heaps be made1 to enc\rage a slight f]m5tation4 ,! ext5t ( ! f]m5tation c be easily controll$4 ,if ! col\r ( ! leaves is n uni=m1 or if x is desir$ to give !m a br[n] col\r1 ! heaps mu/ be made l>ge1 & a some:at moi/ atmosph]e is requir$ 9 ! /or+-room4 ,?is w cause f]m5tation to set 9 aft] a %ort "t1 & ! heat to rise aft] "s days1 s mu* s t rebulk+ is requir$1 :i* is done by putt+ ! top leaves ( ! old heap at ! bottom ( ! new "o4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! heap mu/ be frequ5tly exam9$ dur+ ! few fir/ weeks1 to prev5t ov]heat+4 ,x is advisable to rebulk ! tobacco also1 ev5 :5 n mu* heat$1 aft] ! fir/ f\rte5 days1 & aga9 a mon? lat]1 to asc]ta9 ! exact /ate 9 :i* x is4 ,sometimes ! tobacco becomes m\ldy2 ?is occurs especially ) tobacco :i* has be5 manur$ ) *lorides1 :i* cause x to become m hygroscopic ?an :5 manur$ o!rwise4 ,if ?is occurs1 ! m\ld mu/ be bru%$ (f1 &1 if necess>y1 ! tobacco be dri$4 ,! tobacco may n[ rema9 heap$ 9 ! /ore-room until !re is a *ance = sale4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! be/ "t = sell+ v>ies v mu*4 ,"s tobacco is fit = smok+ a few weeks aft] dry+1 :]eas o!rs may burn v badly at t "t1 yet become a good burn+ article aft] be+ /or$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,aft] assort+1 ,p]ry ,hull advises t ! tobacco 8be cord$ up a:ile1 9 a dry place1 t ! butts may be ?or\ghly cur$ be=e pack+ 9 ! cases4 ,! pile is made ) ! butts out1 & tips int]lapp+ 9 ! middle1 at e o!r c\rse1 at ! ends turn+ ! butts t[>d ! end4 ,get ^u ! pile ^u ! knees1 take hold ( ! butt ( a hank ) "o h&1 draw+ ! leaves at ! tip toge!r ) ! o!r1 & plac+ x ^u ! pile 9 t position1 imm$iately putt+ ! knee ^u x4 ,aft] ! pile is f9i%$1 x %\ld be cov]$ ov] ) bo>ds1 to keep x f dry+ up1 & a few days be=e pack+ into ! cases1 %\ld be well weight$ d[n1 :i* w save a great deal ( press+ at t "t4 ,su* a pile %\ld be made only ab\t #b-c feet high1 & !n closely wat*$ to prev5t a premature sweat1 :i* (t51 if ! wea!r be mild1 w take place 9 su* a pile1 :i* w n be suffici5t to r5d] ! tobacco fit = work+1 b :i*1 if n int]cept$ at ! comm5cem5t1 w be suffici5t to prev5t a prop] sweat aft]w>ds4 ,*eck1 !re=e1 ! fir/ symptoms ( heat 9 su* a pile1 by op5+ ! pile1 & repack+ x1 %ak+ out ! hanks & giv+ !m "t to cool (f40 ,b[ie gives a caution t ! tobacco 8%\ld n be too moi/ or #8high1' z x is t]m$1 :5 put 9 /alk bulk1 or x w get w>m1 ! leaves /ick to ! /alk1 get a bad smell1 & *ange col\r2 besides1 if left too long1 x w rot4 ,to bulk tobacco requires judgm5t & neatness4 ,two logs %\ld be laid p>allel to ea* o!r1 ab\t #cj in*es ap>t1 & ! space betwe5 !m fill$ ) /icks = ! purpose ( keep+ ! tobacco f ! dampness ( ! gr\nd4 ,! bundles are !n tak5 "o at a "t1 spread out & smoo!d d[n1 :i* is mo/ conv5i5tly done by putt+ x aga9/ ! brea/ & /rok+ ! leaves d[nw>d smoo? & /raight ) ! "r h&4 ,x is !n pass$1 two bundles at a "t1 to ! man bulk+4 ,he takes !m & lays !m d[n & presses !m ) 8 h&s2 !y are laid1 two at a "t1 9 a /raight l9e--! broad "p ( ! bundles slightly project+ ov] ! next two--& two r[s ( bundles are put 9 a bulk1 bo? r[s c>ri$ on toge!r1 ! heads be+ on ! outside1 & ! tails j lapp+ "o ov] ! o!r 9 regul> succession4 ,! bulk1 :5 c>ri$ up to a conv5i5t height1 %\ld h a few /icks laid across to keep x 9 place4 ,x mu/ (t5 be exam9$1 & if gett+ w>m x ought to be imm$iately *ang$ & laid d[n 9 ano!r bulk ( less height1 & n press$ z x is laid d[n2 ?is is call$ #8w9d-r[+'2 be+ loose & op51 x admits ! air betwe5 ! r[s ( bundles1 h5ce ! t]m4 ,! next process 9 ?is tr\blesome1 b beautiful crop1 is to #8condition' x = #8pack+4' ,! #8bright1' #8yell[1' & #8second' tobacco w condition1 b mo/ g5]ally 9 su* bulks z ,i h j describ$1 b x is be/ to hang up ! #8dull' z soon almo/ z /ripp$4 ,if ! bright or second d n dry ?or\ghly 9 ! bulks1 t %\ld also be hung up 9 ! h\se to become well dri$4 ,to prop]ly hang up tobacco to condition1 small-siz$ /icks %\ld be procur$1 & ea* "o nicely smoo!d ) ! draw+-knife1 & kept = t purpose4 ,aft] x has once be5 p]fectly dry1 ei!r hang+ up or 9 bulks--s dry t ! heads are easily knock$ (f1 & ! %\ld]s ( ! bundles crack ^u pressure l pipe-/ems--x %\ld be tak5 d[n1 or if 9 bulks1 remov$1 ! fir/ s(t1 moi/ spell ( wea!r1 z soon z x is s(t & yield+ en\gh1 z x w become too dry to h&le )\t crumbl+ or break+1 & x mu/ be put 9 #d or #f r[ bulks ( any conv5i5t l5g? & height1 ! high] ! bett]1 laid d[n close1 s t z little ( ! leaves or %\ld]s z possible be expos$ on ! outside ( ! bulk4 ,:5 complet$ put /icks & logs ( wood1 c41 on ! top s z to weigh x d[n4 ,"h x w keep sweet & 9 nice ord] = pack+ at any "t1 no matt] :at ! wea!r be1 if x 0 condition$ prop]ly1 x w n *ange a p>ticle :ile 9 ! condition-bulk40 ,pack+4--,tobacco 9 ,am]ica is commonly pack$ 9 b>rels1 ! lay]s be+ at "r angles to ea* o!r alt]nately1 & ! butt-ends be+ always t[>ds ! outside4 ,! usual size is ab\t #d feet #f in*es deep1 #c feet #f in*es 9 diamet] at "o end1 & #c feet #d in*es at ! o!r1 to enable ! cont5ts to be uncov]$ = exam9ation )\t di/urb+ ! mass4 ,! pack+ is effect$ "u consid]able hydraulic pressure4 ,else:]e all k9ds ( packages are employ$1 & _! weights are v v>i\s4 ,9 ,bi%op's op9ion ! be/ size = boxes is ! foll[+3--8#c feet #f in*es long1 #b feet #d in*es wide1 #b feet #f in*es 9 dep?1 manufactur$ f plan$ p9e bo>ds1 #a in* 9 ?ickness1 ) /&>ds #b in*es squ>e1 inside at ea* corn] to nail to4 ,hav+ ?us y\r boxes prep>$1 & ! tobacco 9 good condition1 ! fir/ s(t1 mild day t comes proce$ to pack+2 ! bundles or #8h&s' ( tobacco mu/ be tak5 f ! bulk & laid 9 c\rses 9 ! box1 lay+ ! butts ( ! #8h&s' to ! outside ( ! box1 all[+ ! ends to lap ov] ea* o!r1 & endeav\r+ to keep ! c5tre ( ! box a little high] ?an ! edges--^! c\rses to be pack$ z solid z possible by ! h&4 ,if any ( ! bundles are #8s(t' or h an ill smell1 !y mu/ be expos$ to ! fire or sun until sweet & dry be=e be+ pack$4 ,:5 ! box is ne>ly full1 a false cov] 7j l>ge en\gh to slip inside ! box7 mu/ be plac$ on ! tobacco1 & press$ z heavily z possible ) ! lev] or screw p[]2 remove ! pressure & re-fill1 pressure f9ally be+ appli$ to ! real cov]1 :i* may !n be tack$ d[n4 ,a box ( ! size ,i h m5tion$1 :5 fill$1 %\ld conta9 ab\t #djj lb4 ( tobacco1 & ?us pack$1 w keep = ye>s40 ,ano!r plant] consid]s t p>cels ( 8less ?an #aejj lb4 may be c>ri$ to m>ket almo/ 9 any way2 b m ?an t %\ld be #8priz$' 9 hog%eads4 ,sev]al f>m]s might comb9e _! crops = priz+4 ,z to ! size1 =m1 & mat]ials ( ! hog%eads4 ,9 ,virg9ia1 ! size ( ! hog%eads is prescrib$ by law4 ,!y mu/ be made ( season$ p9e or popl>4 ,!y mu/ be #d feet #f in*es long2 #c feet #f in*es 9 diamet]1 at "o end1 & #c feet #d in*es at ! o!r4 ,?is diff]5ce ( diamet] is to all[ ! tobacco to be inspect$4 ,?is may be some?+ new to p]sons ( ! ,nor?1 !re=e ,i w expla9 ! mode ( inspect+ tobacco 9 ! hog%ead4 ,an inspector is appo9t$ by law to inspect or exam9e ! tobacco priz$ 9 hog%eads4 ,8 fir/ /ep is1 to place ! hog%ead big end upw>d4 ,he !n removes ! l9+1 & takes out ! head4 ,he next inv]ts ! position ( ! hog%ead1 t is1 puts ! little end up1 & raises x entirely f ! tobacco4 ,! mass ( priz$ tobacco /&s be=e him )\t a cov]+4 ,! outside may be all "r1 b 8 sworn duty is to exam9e x ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 z well z r\nd & r\nd4 ,= ?is purpose he drives an iron b> to ! middle1 ne> ! top ( ! mass1 prises up & takes out a h&ful ( bundles4 ,he repeats t op]ation on two o!r po9ts ( ! mass4 ,he !n inspects or exam9es ! p>cels extract$1 & rates ! :ole hog%ead accord+ to _! quality4 ,! hog%ead is replac$ & made secure4 ,! hog%eads & ! samples tak5 f !m be> correspond+ m>ks1 & ! =m] is sold by ! latt]4 ,! /aves ( ! hog%ead mu/ n be wid] ?an #e1 nor n>r[] ?an #c in*es1 in* ?ick1 & dress$ on ! inside4 ,! head+ mu/ be season$ p9e or popl>1 & #a in* ?ick1 ) #h hoops4 ,su* a hog%ead w well answ] 9 o!r ,/ates z well z 9 ,virg9ia4 8,weigh out1 say #cjj lb4 ,x takes two h&s to d ?is "w1 "o inside ! hog%ead & ! o!r out4 ,"o is call$ ! #8pack]1' ! o!r ! #8wait]4' ,! pack] s arranges ! bundles1 9 plac+ !m1 z to make #d c\rses 9 "o lay]4 ,repeat ! lay]s until ! #cjj lb4 are pack$4 ,! weight 7lev]-p[]7 is !n appli$4 ,aft] #f h\rs1 put 9 #bjj lb4 m & apply ! weight2 #f h\rs1 & s on1 until #acjj-aejj lb4 h be5 put 94 ,! s(t] ! tobacco1 ! m ( x c be put 9 a hog%ead4 ,if ! tobacco is ( ! fir/ quality1 #aejj lb4 is en\gh4 ,b if l[] qualities1 #ahjj lb4 c be put 94 ,! f9] ! quality ! less weight x c be> )\t injury2 & vice v]s4 ,hav+ priz$ ! crop1 x is ready = m>ket40 ,accord+ to ,pursley1 a hog%ead 8#d feet 9 l5g?1 & #c feet 9 diamet]1 is ! m$ium size2 #ajjj lb4 is consid]$ a full hog%ead2 b "o ( ! above dim5sions c hold #aejj lb4 by h>d press+2 b ?is black5s ! tobacco1 & injures ! sale ( x4 ,pack+ 9 ! hog%ead is done by fir/ lay+ a c\rse or lay] ( bundles /raight across ! bottom1 keep+ ! butts ev5 & close toge!r2 !n fill up on ea* side ( ! c5tre c\rse1 plac+ ! butts aga9/ ! /aves2 !n ! butts ( ! h&s t lie aga9/ ! hog%ead %\ld be cov]$ up ) #b or #c o!rs1 press$ closely d[n4 ,! next c5tre c\rse %\ld be laid across ! fir/1 & done 9 ! same mann] z be=e1 & s on1 cross+ ea* c\rse 9 succession1 until ! hog%ead is two-?irds full2 :5 ! press %\ld be appli$ till ! tobacco is press$ d[n to )9 #a foot ( ! bottom ( ! hog%ead4 ,! press %\ld rema9 on an h\r or m1 9 ord] t ! tobacco may settle toge!r2 !n ! press %\ld be rais$1 & ! pack+ resum$ z be=e1 till ! tobacco is )9 #a foot ( ! top2 !n ! press %\ld aga9 be appli$ till ! tobacco is press$ half-way d[n ! hog%ead2 ! same proportion %\ld be obs]v$ until ! hog%ead is full4 ,!n put ! head 91 & x is ready = m>ket40 ,p]ry ,hull w\ld h pack+-cases 8made ( *eap p9e lumb]1 #c feet #h in*es long by #b feet #f in*es wide & high1 outside measurem5t2 !y %\ld be made tight & /rong2 !re %\ld be corn]-pieces nail$ 9 #a in* squ>e1 nail+ to !m well f bo? ways4 ,! tobacco is pack$ 91 ) ! butts t[>ds ea* end2 tak+ hold ( ! butt ) "o h&1 ! tip ) ! o!r1 & giv+ ! hank a slight twi/1 lay x 9 ! case 9 t position4 ,a lev] or screw c be us$ to d ! press+1 :i*ev] is ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,f #cfj lb4 to #chj is ! prop] weight = pack+2 ?\gh if ! tobacco is v dry1 #djj lb4 w probably n sweat too h>d2 & if q wet 7:i* x nev] %\ld be71 #cej may4 8,aft] be+ pack$1 ! tobacco %\ld nev] be kept 9 a damp cell>2 a good tight b>n or o!r outbuild+1 :]e ! cases c /& on a floor1 is ! be/ place4 ,! crop usually passes f ! h&s ( gr[]s1 into ^? ( speculators & deal]s1 be=e ! sweat+ season4 ,! fir/ symptoms ( sweat+ appe> ab\t z soon z settl$ w>m wea!r comes1 usually ! =e "p ( ,may2 x !n comm5ces to gr[ w>m1 & #8wet' to appe>ance1 :i* increases = ab\t #c weeks1 :5 x rea*es its culm9at+ po9t & comm5ces to cool (f4 ,"o unaccu/om$ to ! crop1 ^u exam9+ x at ?is p]iod1 w\ld be sure to ?9k x 0 rott+1 b if n too damp :5 pack$1 !re is no dang]4 ,sometimes1 if a case is kn[n to be too wet1 ! lids c be />t$1 to give a little v5t to ! /eam & gases :i* are g5]at$1 & ?is is ab\t all t c be done = x2 & x is f> saf] to see t ! prop] condition is secur$ be=e pack+1 ?an to d ev5 ?is4 ,! weight w comm5ce to decrease ab\t z soon z ! heat comm5ces1 & x has be5 asc]ta9$ by weigh+ at ! v>i\s /ages1 t m ?an half ( ! %r9kage is accompli%$ by ! "t t ! sweat has rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t4 ,ab\t #aj p] c5t4 is all[$ = ! %r9kage ( a crop1 9 j ! "r /ate :5 pack$2 if wett]1 x w %r9k z high z #ab-ac p] c5t41 & if v dry1 x may %r9k less ?an #aj p] c5t4 ,! diff]5t grades usually br+ ab\t ! foll[+ prices3 ,wrapp]s1 #ad c5ts p] lb42 ,seconds1 #g-h c5ts2 ,fill]s1 #c-d c5ts4 ,! proportion ( ! diff]5t grades 9 a good crop %\ld be1 ,wrapp]s1 ?ree-fif?s1 & ,seconds & ,fill]s1 ea* "o-fif?40 ,judson ,pop5oe ?9ks boxes 8%\ld be made #cj in*es squ>e by #db in*es 9 l5g? outside2 saw ! end-bo>ds #bh in*es long1 nail !m to two #a-;in* squ>e slats s t ! head w be #bh in*es squ>e2 :5 two heads are made1 nail ! sides ( ! box to ! heads s z to come ev5 ) ! outside ( ! head1 ! sides be+ #bh in*es wide2 !n nail ! bottom on firmly2 ! top c be nail$ slightly until aft] ! tobacco is pack$1 :5 x c be nail$ firm4 ,set y\r box by ! side ( ! bulk1 & let "o h& get 9 ! box & ano!r pass ! tobacco to him1 "o h& at a "t1 tak+ c>e n to %ake x out1 b put 9 ! box z x comes f bulk1 ) ! butt ( ! h& next ! end ( ! box4 ,place close & press ) ! knee firmly2 lay alt]nate c\rses at ea* end1 & if ! tobacco is n long en\gh to lap suffici5tly to fill ! c5tre1 put a few h&s crosswise 9 ! c5tre4 ,:5 ! box is full1 place x "u a lev]2 h a foll[]1 :i* is a cov] made ( in* bo>ds1 nail$ to two pieces ( scantl+ & made to fit inside ( ! box2 lay ?is on ! tobacco1 & build ) blocks ( scantl+ on x ( a suffici5t height = ! lev] to be cle> ( ! box :5 press$4 ,press d[n firmly ) a /rong lev]1 &1 :ile knee+ 9 ano!r box full1 let ! lev] rema91 s t ! tobacco gets set 9 ! box4 ,:5 ready1 take ! lev] (f & fill up z be=e1 ab\t #f in*es high] ?an ! box2 press x bel[ ! top ( ! box1 take (f y\r lev] & nail on ! top z quickly z possible4 ,"s use tobacco-presses = pack+1 :i* are p]haps m conv5i5t2 !y are ( v>i\s patt]ns1 b a lev] saves ! exp5se ( a press & is 9 ! rea* ( all4 ,if tobacco is sold at ! %$1 x %\ld be sold be=e pack+1 be+ easi] exam9$ 9 bulk ?an box40 ,mitj5 is ( op9ion t1 8except 9 cases :]e ! extraord9>y size ( ! leaves w n p]mit x1 all ! bales %\ld be made up ( #hj #8manojos'2 b 9 ! =m] case #fj ( ! fir/ classes ( ! fir/ quality w be suffici5t4 ,! fix$ numb] ( #hj manojos is conv5i5t = mak+ calculations4 ,we h already said t ! day foll[+ t on :i* ! manojos 7 ti$ up1 !y %\ld be pack$ 9 bales1 s z n to all[ !m "t to dry too mu*4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 ! dye+ & ty+ up ( ! manojos %\ld n be comm5c$ until !re is a suffici5t quantity ( assort$ leaves to make a bale or bales2 %\ld !re be a surplus ( manojos aft] ! bales are made up1 !y %\ld be kept protect$ f ! air1 until ano!r set ( bales is ab\t to be made up4 8,we d n ?9k x is necess>y to fur!r expla9 ! mann] ( plac+ ! yaguas1 9 ord] to make ! bales1 b x is exp$i5t to /ate t #h lay]s ( manojos %\ld n be put 9 "o bale1 because x makes a bad %ape1 & ! ti]ces or bales appe> mu* small] ?an !y really are4 ,! bales %\ld be made ( #b lay]s1 hav+ ! heads ( ! manojos plac$ t[>ds ! outside4 ,:5 ! fir/ lay] ( "o ( ! heads ( ! bale is plac$1 ! heads ( ! o!r lay] %\ld be s arrang$ t !y w be ab\t half-way ov] ! po9ts ( ! o!rs2 & if ! tobacco is v small1 to ea* r[ ( manojos may be laid crossways1 two manojos ) _! heads t\*+ ! yaguas1 s t ! tobacco plac$ 9 ! bale may =m a compact ev5 mass1 imp]vi\s to ! air4 ,! same %\ld be done 9 ! o!r r[s1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! bale is made some:at ?ick] 9 ! middle1 & nev] h a holl[ !re1--a sure sign ( loose pack+1--& into :i* ! air f9ds its way1 prev5t+ f]m5tation1 prop] cur+1 z well z aroma--! tobacco becom+ dry too soon4 ,aft] ! bales are ti$ up1 !y %\ld be plac$ 9 ! sun or w9d until ! humidity ( ! yagua is dry4 ,!y %\ld !n be plac$ on bo>ds 9 ! /oreh\se1 putt+ !m two & two1 "o on ! o!r2 & aft] eight days !y %\ld be mov$1 plac+ !m bel[ ^? :i* _h be5 above1 s t !y may f]m5t & be equally press$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,= press+ tobacco into ! hog%ead1 ,hudson sugge/s t 8a hole be mortis$ 9 a tree1 9 :i* ! end ( ! lev] c be ins]t$1 pass+ ov] ! hog%ead1 & work+ by a tree or po/1 9 :i* %\ld be p9s at int]vals ( #h-aj in*es1 by :i* a small lev] may be us$ to =ce ! fir/ lev] d[n on ! tobacco2 #ej-ajj lb4 may be plac$ 9 ! hog%ead & firmly press$ a few h\rs1 & z mu* add$ aga91 & s on4 ,fig4 #ac w s]ve to repres5t ! mann] 9 :i* ! h&s 7or ties7 may be plac$ 9 ! hog%ead--fill+ ! middle fir/1 !n ! out] edges--plac+ ! tops t[>d ! c5tre1 & obs]v+ to keep ! c5tre & edges full40 ,improv+4--,x is sometimes ! cu/om to subject ! tobacco-leaves to "s sort ( improvem5t4 ,!re is no d\bt t1 by prop] application ( +r$i5ts1 ! value ( tobacco may be mu* enhanc$4 ,! mo/ co/ly tobacco (t5 comm&s a high price1 n s mu* on acc\nt ( its inh]5t flav\r1 z f t giv5 to x artificially4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 ! be/ c\rse to be adopt$ is to leave ! improvem5t ( ! leaves to ! manufactur]4 ,_m +r$i5ts are employ$ to improve smok+-tobacco4 ,!y t5d3--#a1 to make ! tobacco m ela/ic & flexible2 #b1 to remove ! co>se flav\r2 #c1 to add a p>ticul> flav\r2 #d1 to improve ! burn+ quality2 #e1 to improve ! col\r4 ,to make ! tobacco m flexible & pliant1 ! leaves are mac]at$ 91 or spr9kl$ )1 a solution ( sug>4 ,9 hot c\ntries1 ?is process is (t5 necess>y1 to give tobacco su* an ela/icity z to fit x = h&l+1 especially :5 int5d$ = wrapp]s4 ,to remove ! co>se flav\r1 x is (t5 mac]at$ 9 wat]1 or 9 v dilute hydro*loric acid4 ,9 ,holl&1 #d-h oz4 ( hydro*loric acid1 dilut$ ) #be-cj measures ( wat]1 is appli$ to #ajj lb4 ( tobacco4 ,! co>s] ! flav\r ( ! tobacco1 ! /rong] is ! solution us$4 ,! "t ( mac]ation v>ies betwe5 & #a h\r4 ,sometimes tobacco is /eep$ 9 a mixture ( sug> solution & dilut$ hydro*loric acid4 ,to extract ! fatty matt]1 x is mac]at$ 9 alcohol or _s ( w9e4 ,to give a f9e flav\r1 num]\s sub/ances are employ$1 "s ( :i* are kept secret4 ,! foll[+ +r$i5ts are mo/ly 9 use3--,wat]1 cognac1 vanilla1 sug>1 rose-wood1 cassia1 clove1 b5zo91 citron oil1 rose-wood oil1 amb]1 ?yme1 lav5d]1 rais9s1 sassafras-wood1 saltpetre1 orange1 & _m o!rs4 ,! burn+ quality is improv$ by mac]at+ 9 or spr9kl+ ) solutions ( c>bonate ( pota%1 acetate ( pota%1 acetate ( lime1 or saltpetre1 c4 ,badly-burn+ cig>s ins]t$ = a mom5t 9 su* solutions are mu* improv$4 ,tobacco treat$ ) acetate ( lime yields a v :ite a%4 ,! col\r is sometimes improv$ by fumigat+ ! leaves ) sulphur1 & by ! application ( o*re & saffron4 ,al?\gh x may be said t f9e tobaccos g5]ally d n require any impregnation ) =eign matt] = ! sake ( flav\r1 yet ! manufactur] frequ5tly endeav\rs to give ! leaf a p>ticul> aroma4 ,an inf]ior tobacco1 h[ev]1 :i* (t5 w\ld n f9d a m>ket1 is sometimes s mu* improv$ by artificial means1 z to compete successfully ) ! g5u9e f9e article4 ,x is said t 9 ,g]many indig5\s tobacco is (t5 s mu* 8improv$0 t ! cig>s made f x1 aft] be+ cov]$ ) a f9e tobacco leaf1 are sold z g5u9e ,havanas4 ,a special prep>ation ( tobacco = snuff is seldom attempt$ by ! cultivator4 ,) ref]5ce to ! prep>ation ( tobacco = export1 ! sort+ ( ! leaf is ( ! utmo/ importance2 only fir/ & second sorts %\ld be export$4 ,x w\ld be well to remove ! midribs1 :]eby ! co/ ( transport & cu/oms duty w\ld be greatly r$uc$4 ,! value ( a cig> dep5ds1 n only on ! intr9sic value ( ! leaf1 b to a great ext5t on ! mode ( manufacture4 ,?us1 ! raw mat]ial may be ( good quality1 b if ! mak] does n classify ! leaves prop]ly1 or if he rolls 8 cig>s too h>d1 :i* mu/ v>y accord+ to ! qualities ( ! leaves1 ! cig> w burn badly4 ,! be/-burn+ leaves mu/ always be us$ = wrapp]s4 ,if ?is %\ld be neglect$1 ! inside ( ! cig> burns fa/] ?an ! cov]+1 ! air has no access to ! burn+ p>ts1 & ! empyreumatical sub/ances are volatiliz$ )\t be+ decompos$4 ,su* cig>s !re=e make mu* smoke1 & smell badly4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,production ,,& ,,comm]ce4 ,details conc]n+ ! diff]5t modes ( cultivat+ & cur+1 & ( ! ext5t ( ! production & comm]ce 9 tobacco 9 ! v>i\s c\ntries1 w be/ be giv5 9 ! alphabetical ord] ( ! c\ntries4 ,afghani/an4--,! tobacco gr[n at ,k&ah> is celebrat$ 9 all ! neighb\r+ /ates = its mild & agreeable flav\r1 & is l>gely export$ to ,h9du/an & ,bokh>a4 ,?ree k9ds are gr[n1 viz43--,k&ah>i1 ,balkhi1 & ,mansurabadi4 ,( ^!1 ! la/ nam$ is ! mo/ e/eem$1 & fet*es ! highe/ price1 viz4 #f lb4 = #bs4-#ds4 ,! ,k&ah>i sells = a little less ?an half ?is price1 & ! ,balkhi = a little m4 ,! ,mansurabadi is n mu* export$1 be+ mo/ly consum$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! cultivation is conduct$ ) great c>e1 & ! same plants yield two crops ( leaves 9 ! ye>4 ,( ^!1 ! fir/1 :i* is call$ s>gul1 is ! be/1 ! leaves hav+ a mild & sweet flav\r2 x is mo/ly consum$ by ! weal?y classes1 or export$4 ,! second crop is call$ mundhai3 ! leaves h a t\gh & fibr\s texture1 & a /rong acrid ta/e2 x is usually smok$ by ! poor p1 & is also made into snuff4 ,! plants are rais$ f se$ 9 small b$s1 prep>$ = ! purpose by c>eful manur+ ) wood-a%es & /able-refuse mix$ toge!r4 ,f ^! nurs]ies1 ! "y plants are transplant$ into ! fields1 previ\sly prep>$ = _! reception1 ! e>? be+ laid out 9 regul> ridges & furr[s4 ,! plants are fix$ into ! sides ( ^! little ridges1 & wat]$ by means ( ! int]v5+ furr[s4 ,(t5 ! "y plants1 pack$ 9 moi/ clay1 & b\nd up 9 /raw1 are convey$ to di/ant p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 b ! produce ( ^!1 x is said1 does n equal t ( ! plants re>$ at ,k&ah>4 ,ab\t six weeks aft] transplant+1 t is1 ab\t ,may-,june1 ! fir/ crop is reap$1 ! :ole plant be+ cut away ab\t #f in*es f ! gr\nd1 & only "s #e or #f ( ! l[e/ leaves be+ left4 ,ea* plant1 z cut1 is laid on ! ridge1 & "h ea* side is alt]nately expos$ = a night & a day to ! effects ( ! dew & sun1 by :i* _! gre5 col\r becomes br[n4 ,aft] ?is1 !y are collect$ 9 l>ge heaps 9 a corn] ( ! field1 & cov]$ ov] ) mats1 or a lay] ( /raw1 c41 & all[$ to rema9 s = #h-aj days1 dur+ :i* ! /ems %rivel1 & give up _! moi/ure to ! leaves4 ,at ! end ( ?is "t1 ! heaps are convey$ away into ! villages1 :]e ! /alks are sep>at$ f ! leaves1 ! latt] are !n dri$ 9 ! %ade & tightly pack$ 9 bundles ab\t #ad in*es squ>e1 & 9 ?is %ape are sold by ! gr[]4 ,aft] ! fir/ crop is ga!r$1 ! gr\nd is turn$ ) a spade1 well manur$1 & freely irrigat$4 ,9 due c\rse1 ! old /ems %oot up & produce fre% leaves1 & 9 six weeks or two mon?s1 ! second crop is cut4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh seldom1 a ?ird crop is realiz$1 b ! quality ( ?is tobacco is v inf]ior1 & x is only fit = mak+ snuff4 ,africa4--,! tobacco-plant ext5ds ?r\gh\t ,c5tral & ,ea/ ,africa1 :]ev] ! equ9octial ra9s fall4 ,x is cultivat$ to "s ext5t 9 ! ,bondei ( ,usamb>a1 b seems to be ! special product ( ! ,h&ei di/rict1 :5ce consid]able quantities are s5t to ,pangani = export4 ,usamb>a also exports to ,zanzib> /iff1 ?91 r\nd cakes1 :i* h be5 p\nd$ 9 wood5 mort>s1 & neatly pack$ 9 pla9ta9-leaves4 ,x is d>k & well-flav\r$4 ,! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 9 #ahfe1 _h #icc morg5 7( #baaf acres7 "u tobacco1 yield+ #a1fcb1gdf lb42 9 #ahge1 #abdc morg5 af=d$ #c1jfj1bda lb4 ,tobacco is gr[n consid]ably 9 ,oudt%orn & o!r di/ricts ( ! ,cape ,colony1 & on ! w>m] f>ms 9 ! ,transvaal1 b to ! greate/ ext5t on ! coa/4 ,! supply is already suffici5t = local dem&s1 & tobacco promises to become a /aple ( ,s\? ,african agricultural indu/ry4 ,a rec5t writ] on ?is portion ( ! ,briti% colonies says1 8tobacco1 ?\gh cultivat$ z an article ( comm]ce = export1 has n met ) mu* success1 z ! passion = ! we$ has become deeply root$ 9 ! natives ( ! coa/ & int]ior1 s t x is cultivat$ by !m 9 _m p>ts ( ! prov9ce = _! own consumption1 & =ms a regul> article ( sale & b>t] among/ !mselves40 ,! tobacco leaf is dri$ v c>elessly by ! natives1 & is made up 9 a peculi> way1 z foll[s3--,x is fir/ plait$1 & :5 ! plait has rea*$ a l5g? ( #c-d feet1 x is w\nd up 9 ! =m ( a spiral4 ,gradually dry+ 9 ?is %ape1 x pres]ves its =m )\t any b9d+1 & x is unw\nd & cut (f 9 %ort pieces :5 requir$ = use or sale4 ,?is mode ( prep>ation is inv>iable among ! ,makua & ,yao1 betwe5 ! ,ro\ma & ,zambesi4 ,consul ,o',neill says t 87 ! natives in/ruct$ 9 "s simple me?od ( dry+ & press+ ! leaf1 ! valuable product w\ld be probably br\ght d[n by !m 9 consid]able quantities1 af=d+1 z x w\ld d1 a l>g] m>g9 = pr(it ?an does ! culture ( oil se$s1 & x might become a regul> article ( colonial manufacture & export40 ,tobacco-gr[+ is a v important indu/ry 9 ,alg]ia4 ,! culture & manufacture are q free1 b ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t buys all ! be/ produce1 = manufacture & sale by ! ,/ate factory 9 ,p>is4 ,! cultivation cont9ues to increase1 & is highly remun]ative :]e ! l& is capable ( irrigation4 ,9 #ahgf-g1 ! #ahhi ,europeans engag$ 9 x cultivat$ #bdga hect>es 7( #b acres71 & produc$ #b1ghb1ejj kilo4 7( #bb lb472 ! #hjba natives cultivat$ #daed hect>es1 :i* yield$ #a1hhi1abd kilo4 ,! ye> #ahgg-h 0 less fav\rable1 & ! area decreas$ by #dbe hect>es4 ,/ill worse results 7 expect$ 9 #ahgh-i1 ow+ to sc>city ( wat]4 ,! k9d mo/ gr[n is call$ *ebli4 ,! produce p] hect>e ( f9e & *ebli is e/imat$ at #f-h qu9tals2 ! o!r k9ds give #aj-ab4 ,! exports 9 #ahgg & #ahgh respectively 7 z foll[s3--,manufactur$1 #aba1jij kilo41 & #abd1aag kilo42 unmanufactur$1 #c1dde1dda kilo4 & #a1eji1bff kilo4 ,9 #ahgi1 #ajhg ,europeans plant$ #cahj hect>es1 & ga!r$ #a1bbf1aha kilo42 #aa1jgi natives plant$ #fehd hect>es1 & produc$ #a1chd1hjb kilo42 ! exports 7 #b1dha1bah kilo4 unmanufactur$1 & #adf1cde kilo4 manufactur$4 ,! figures = #ahhc 73--#abdj ,european plant]s cultivat$ #bbgh hect>es & produc$ #b1bej1fga kilo41 :il/ #hgce native plant]s cultivat$ #fdaf hect>es & produc$ #b1igg1jfg kilo41 ! total product be+ #e1bbg1gch kilo4 ,?is does n diff] to any great ext5t f ! result ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,tobacco is capable ( be+ produc$ 9 mu* great] quantity1 says ! ,briti% ,consul1 b ! m>ket is limit$4 ,! coloni/s !mselves & ! ,gov]nm5t appe> to be ! only pur*as]s4 ,au/ralia4--,9 ! ye> end+ #ca/ ,m>*1 #ahgi1 ,new ,s\? ,wales _h #hce acres "u tobacco1 & ! crop am\nt$ to #gicb cwt4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ,victoria cultivat$ #aicf acres1 :i* yield$ #ae1ffb cwt41 valu$ at #dc1hecl4 ,que5sl& grew #cf acres ( tobacco 9 #ahgi4 ,au/ro-,hung>y4--,! manufacture & sale ( tobacco is a ,gov]nm5t monopoly 9 ! ,au/ro-,hung>ian empire1 & ! rev5ue ?us d]iv$ is ! mo/ lucrative item ( ! indirect income ( ! ,/ate4 ,! only tobacco-gr[+ prov9ces ( ,au/ria are ,galicia & ,buk[9a1 produc+ ab\t #d million kilo4 f #bijj hect>es2 & ,s\? ,tyrol1 :]e #bij hect>es yield almo/ #d million kilo4 ( gre5 tobacco4 ,! respective approximate values ( ! two products are #ah flor9 7( #as4 #aa;d47 & #d flor9 p] #ajj kilo4 ,! *ief supplies are furni%$ by ,hung>y1 :i* 0 once s not$ = its tobacco1 b ! indu/ry is n[ completely crippl$ by ! fiscal regulations4 ,! area 79 acres7 "u cultivation fluctuates rem>kably2 9 #ahfj1 x 0 #fgi2 9 #ahfe1 #fh1ada2 9 #ahfi1 #hdc2 9 #ahge1 #bf1hag2 9 #ahgi1 #gcaf4 ,! total areas 79 acres7 "u cultivation 9 ! :ole empire 9 #ahgf1 #ahgg1 & #ahgh respectively 71 #add1dic1 #adh1abf1 #adc1ddg2 ! yields 9 kilo41 #df1jcc1afc1 #dd1afd1jch1 #dj1igh1edj2 & ! yield 79 kilo47 p] jo* 7( #adc acre71 #dde1 #dbf1 #djh4 ,fiume1 9 #ahgg1 export$ by sea #bhfb cwt4 ( manufactur$ tobacco2 & by l&1 #ca1bjj cwt4 ( leaf1 & #ec1gab cwt4 ( manufactur$4 ,9 #ahgi1 x %ipp$ #iijj kilo4 ( leaf tobacco direct to ,engl&4 ,9 #ahhc1 ! tobacco h>ve/ 0 #bf1efj metrical c5tn]s 7ab\t equival5t to cwts471 be+ #aeie 9 advance ( #ahhb4 ,! total exports ( raw tobacco 7 #ee1hdb metrical c5tn]s 9 #ahhc1 & #gd1dge 9 #ahhd4 ,! port ( ,fiume %ipp$ #fac tons ( tobacco leaf 9 #ahhc1 ( :i* #ahi1cjj kilo4 value #ge1gbj flor9s1 w5t to ,gibralt>4 ,9 #ahhd1 ! %ipm5ts f ,fiume 7 #afgc tons4 ,borneo4--,tobacco is gr[n 9 small quantities by ! ,dyaks & p ( ,bruni2 b !y are unskilful 9 its manufacture1 ?\gh ! flav\r ( ! product ( ,bruni is mu* e/eem$ by ,europeans4 ,"u skilful managem5t1 & by introduc+ a bett] k9d if necess>y1 x might become z pr(itable to ?is isl& z x n[ is to ! neighb\r+ ones ( ! ,philipp9es1 ,java1 c4 ,! ,dyaks might be m readily induc$ to cultivate ?is plant1 ! nature ( :i* !y "k1 ?an plants :i* are /range to !m4 ,m rec5tly x is ann\nc$ t plantations h be5 comm5c$ 9 ,briti% ,nor? ,borneo1 & samples ( ! leaf s5t to ,europe h be5 fav\rably report$ on4 ,! exports f ,s>awak 9 #ahhd 7 valu$ at #bjbj doll>s to =eign ports1 & #cd1beg doll>s 9 coa/+ vessels1 mak+ a total ( #cf1bgg doll>s4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ,briti% ,nor? ,borneo %ipp$ #baac doll>s' wor?2 & ,s&akan1 #aecg doll>s' wor?4 ,b\rbon4--,ef=ts are be+ made to successfully introduce tobacco into ! rotation ( crops on ! sug> e/ates1 ) ! object ( supply+ ! article to ! ,fr5* rgie or ,gov]nm5t monopoly1 :i* buys annually upw>ds ( #dj million francs' wor? ( tobacco 9 ! isl&s ( ,cuba1 ,java1 & o!r colonies4 ,! results hi!rto obta9$ are n unsatisfactory1 & ?is article may %ortly acquire importance among ,b\rbon products4 ,! exports 9 #ahhd 7 #aj1ahe kilo41 value #fa1aaj fr4 ,brazil4--,9 ,brazil1 tobacco is *iefly cultivat$ 9 ! prov9ces ( ,bahia1 ,m9as1 ,sao ,paulo1 & ,p>a4 ,! t[n ( ,purificaao1 9 ,bahia1 is ! c5tre ( an important di/rict4 ,! cultivation is increas+1 & great] c>e is be+ tak5 9 ! prep>ation4 ,! common up-c\ntry me?od is to pick ! leaves f ! /alks1 dry !m "u ! hut-ro(s1 remove ! midribs1 & spread !m 9 sup]pos$ lay]s1 am\nt+ to #b-h lb41 = roll+ toge!r & b9d+ ) b>k /rips4 ,^! rolls are b\nd v tightly ) cord1 & left = sev]al days1 :5 ! cord is replac$ by /rips ( jacitra1 ! split /em ( a climb+ palm 7,desmoncus sp4 div471 & h a /ick-l =m #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,!y are sold 9 masas ( #d-f feet 9 l5g?1 b ! tobacco is n consid]$ good till x has f]m5t$ = #e-f mon?s1 :5 x is h>d & black1 & %av$ (f z requir$ = pipes1 cig>ettes1 & cig>s1 ! la/ made ) wrapp]s ( tau>i b>k 7,c\rat>i guian5sis74 ,! ,tapajos tobacco is consid]$ ! f9e/ 9 ! ,amazon valley4 ,! export ( tobacco f ,bahia 9 #ahgg-h 0 #ag1bgb1fgh kilo41 & 9 #ahgh-i1 #ah1adi1bja kilo41 almo/ ! :ole be+ to ,g]many4 ,santos1 9 #ahgh-i1 %ipp$ #cha1caj kilo4 ,bahia s5ds away imm5se numb]s ( cig>s coa/wise4 ,maceio export$ #dccfl4 wor? 9 #ahgf1 b none 9 #ahgi4 ,"s int]e/+ p>ticul>s are giv5 9 ! la/ report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul-,g5]al at ,rio de ,janeiro1 z to ! cultivation & manufacture ( tobacco 9 ,brazil4 ,x appe>s t ! cultivation began ab\t ! ye> #afjj1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,bahia1 & f !nce ext5d$ to all ! o!r di/ricts along ! coa/4 ,among ! localities e>lie/ kn[n = _! tobacco production 0 ! lake di/rict ( ,p]nambuco1 n[ ! prov9ce ( ,alagoas1 :]e an excell5t quality 0 produc$1 :i* comm&$ v high prices4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ c5tury ! cultivation increas$ s rapidly 9 ,alagoas & ,bahia1 t at ! comm5cem5t ( ! succe$+ c5tury1 ! av]age annual export _h rea*$ #bheg tons f ! latt]1 & #bhe tons f ! =m] prov9ce4 ,! e>lie/ export /ati/ics available = ! :ole empire1 are = ! ye> #ahci-dj1 9 :i* ! export am\nt$ to #bie1iff arrobas1 ! arroba be+ equival5t to ab\t #cb lb42 & ! value exce$$ #fe1jjjl4 ,= ! next ?irte5 ye>s1 ! exports av]ag$ #h1jjj1jjj lb4 annually1 ) a value /eadily increas+4 ,dur+ ea* ( ! ye>s #ahec-ee1 ! am\nt export$ 0 #bb1jjj1jjj lb41 ( ! total value ea* ye> ( #bjj1jjjl4 ,9 #ahgi-hj1 ! export 0 #ej1jjj1jjj lb41 ( ! value #fei1jjjl42 9 #ahhj-ha1 #dd1jjj1jjj lb41 ( ! value ( #fej1jjjl41 & 9 #ahha-hb1 #eb1jjj1jjj lb41 ( ! value ( #fhj1jjjl4 ,?\gh ! pr9cipal tobacco-produc+ prov9ce ( ! empire is ,bahia1 tobacco ( good quality is gr[n 9 e "p ( ,brazil1 f ! ,amazon to ! ,rio ,gr&e fronti]4 ,"s localities 9 ! prov9ce ( ,amazonas h long be5 kn[n = ! excell5t quality ( _! tobacco1 :ile 9 ! ,rio m>ket "o ( ! br&s mo/ e/eem$ comes f ! prov9ce ( ,goyaz4 ,! local consumption ( tobacco is v great1 & pr9cipally 9 smok+4 ,bahia tobacco us$ to be l>gely export$ 9 rolls1 weigh+ #h arrobas1 or #bef lb4 ea*2 ( late ye>s1 h[ev]1 l>ge quantities ( ! leaves 9 bales are export$ to ,hamburg4 ,cig> factories are e/abli%$ 9 all l>ge cities ?r\gh\t ! tobacco-gr[+ regions1 :i* give employm5t to a l>ge numb] ( m51 wom51 & *ildr54 ,! me?ods employ$ 9 ! cultivation & prep>ation ( ! plant are v mu* ! same z !y 7 ne>ly #bjj ye>s ago4 ,! lab\r employ$ is t ( slaves1 to :om are assign$ special descriptions ( "w4 ,9 =m] times cur+ tobacco 9 rolls requir$ mu* con/ant lab\r1 ! ropes compos+ ea* roll be+ unw\nd1 twi/$1 & re-w\nd dur+ a p]iod v>y+ f #aj to #ae days4 ,! ,brazilian tobacco is g5]ally *>act]iz$ by its /r5g? & d>k col\r1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,bahia4 ,9 t prov9ce ! practice is to manure heavily1 :i* occasions a v rank gr[? & /rong flav\r4 ,9 ,m9as ,g]aes ! tobacco is some:at mild]1 & "s advance has lately be5 made 9 a few localities t[>ds improv$ processes ( cur+4 ,?is se$ may be g]m9at$ 9 any season ( ! ye>1 b ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/ are g5]ally pref]r$ = plant+1 because g]m9ation & transplant+ are br\ght into or ne> ! ra9y season4 ,tobacco plants plant$ 9 ?is season are consid]$ ! be/ gr[]s1 & produce ! l>ge/ leaves4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :i* are g]m9at$ 9 ! dry season1 & su/a9$ by irrigation1 gr[ ) great] vig\r1 & possess a f9] aroma4 ,! l& select$ = ! plants is cle>$1 & ! surface work$ ) ! hoe1 aft] :i* x is m>k$ (f into p>allel r[s ab\t #c feet ap>t1 accord+ to locality & ! size ( ! mature plants4 ,9 transplant+1 ! "y plants are set f #b to #c feet ap>t1 & are manur$ heavily 9 ! pits op5$ = !m4 ,great c>e is necess>y = a "t to protect ! %oots f ! sun1 & to irrigate pl5tifully :5 ! transplant+ occurs 9 a dry season4 ,! "w ( cultivation & keep+ d[n ! we$s is p]=m$ entirely ) ! hoe1 & only two or ?ree times dur+ ! season4 ,9 ga!r+ 9 ! crops1 plant]s wait until ! plants are fully matur$1 ?is be+ det]m9$ by d\bl+ & break+ "o ( ! top leaves4 ,9 ,bahia & o!r ,brazilian prov9ces ! l[] leaf is (t5 pick$ by itself1 & 9 a few days ! next1 & s on z long z ! plant w develop ! l[] leaves into :at is class$ fir/ quality4 ,^! leaves are hung up two & two1 "u cov] & across poles1 #bd h\rs aft] pick+ & sweat+4 ,:5 x is int5d$ to twi/ ! leaves into ropes1 !y are left hang+ ab\t #b days1 :5 !y are tak5 d[n1 c>efully fre$ f ! heavy p>ts ( ! midrib1 d\bl$ 9 halves1 & laid away = ! rope twi/]4 ,?is op]ation requires consid]able dext]ity1 & is g5]ally entru/$ to ! be/ slave on ! plantation4 ,! op]ation requires a rude w9dlass1 :i* is sl[ly turn$ 9 w9d+ ! rope1 :i* is twi/$ by h&4 ,a boy is usually employ$ entirely to h& leaves to ! twi/]4 ,^! ropes are unw\nd & re-w\nd once or twice a day1 = a p]iod ( #aj-ae days1 accord+ to ! wea!r1 & are twi/$ a little h>d] ea* "t4 ,9 cur+1 ! tobacco gr[s d>k] & d>k]1 until x becomes jet black4 ,! juices exud+ f ! rolls are c>efully caught & pres]v$ until ! la/ w9d+1 :51 mix$ ) l>d1 syrup1 & v>i\s aromatic h]bs1 !y are us$ to pass ! rope ?r\gh1 previ\s to ! f9al w9d+4 ,! la/ /ep is to cut ! cur$ ropes 9 c]ta9 l5g?s1 & to re-w9d !m ^u light wood5 /icks1 ab\t #b feet 9 l5g?1 ! w9d+ be+ v compact & regul>4 ,! rolls are !n cov]$ ) lea!r or /rong canvas1 :5 !y are ready = m>ket4 ,=m]ly1 ^! rolls 7 made to weigh #h arrobas1 or #bef lb41 ?\gh rolls ( #c arrobas 7 made = ! home m>kets4 ,at ! pres5t day ! weights v>y accord+ to ! locality4 ,! l>ge exportation ( tobacco 9 leaf has consid]ably *ang$ ! "* ( tobacco-gr[+ 9 ,bahia1 ! process ( cur+ & pack+ ! leaf be+ simpl] ?an ! old process ( manufactur+ rolos4 ,tobacco-gr[+ is heavily protect$ & tax$ 9 ,brazil1 ne>ly all ! prov9ces impos+ sep>ate protective taxes1 9 addition to ^? impos$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,besides ^!1 ! municipalities are p]mitt$ to levy taxes on ! article4 ,! pres5t export tax on tobacco1 9 ,brazil1 am\nts to z mu* z #ah p] c5t4 ,! local m>ket quotations are ?us giv53-- s4 d4 s4 d4 ,pat5tes #fhjh-hagj real 7#ab #b-ad #g7 p] #aj kilo4 7 #bb lb47 ,santo ,am>o1 assort$ #c #g- #e #h 0 0 ,alagr9has #bgia-eajf 7#e #j- #h #b7 0 0 ,so ,felix #cgde-ddbe 7#f #h- #g #aj7 0 0 ,! ,bahia export 9 #ahhc-d 0 #ae1fdd1jaj kilo41 value #djj1bdfl4 ,can>y ,isl&s4--,) ! decl9+ importance ( co*9eal1 tobacco-gr[+ is ga9+ gr\nd1 & ! quality ( ! article has be5 mu* improv$1 :ile factories = dry+ & prep>+ ! leaf h be5 e/abli%$ 9 v>i\s localities4 ,! exports = ! ye> #ahhc-d 73--#bg lb41 value #hl41 to ,france2 #bbfh cwt41 value #ihjil41 to ,spa92 #agec lb41 value #cgel41 to ,g]many2 & #ici lb41 value #ahil41 to ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,africa4 ,*9a4--,! *ief tobacco-gr[+ prov9ces ( ,*9a are ,*ihli1 ,hopih1 ,hoonan1 ,sze*u51 & ,%+k+4 ,! use ( tobacco is wide-spread & common1 & consid]able local trade is c>ri$ on 9 x4 ,! exports f ,amoy 7 #begc piculs 7( #acc lb471 value #ac1efal41 9 #ahgg2 & #ciid piculs1 value #ag1icfl41 9 #ahgh4 ,w5*[ export$ #bg piculs ( leaf 9 #ahgh1 & #cba 9 #ahgi4 ,! exports & re-exports f ,hank[ 9 #ahgh 7 #fe1jgj piculs ( leaf1 & #df1bda ( prep>$4 ,9 #ahgi1 ,hank[ export$ & re-export$ #fc1ahj piculs prep>$1 value #caa1gedl41 & #eh1jid ( leaf1 value #aah1ecdl4 ,!re is an imm5se supply f ! prov9ces1 & ! leaf is f9e 9 col\r1 texture1 & fragrance1 b ?\gh s5t to ,am]ica & ,engl& = cig>-mak+1 ! trade has n be5 remun]ative4 ,x is n[ us$ 9 cig>ettes & v>i\s cut mixtures z 8,turki%10 b :5 bett] kn[n1 w be smok$ on its own m]its4 ,canton export$ #agcj piculs 9 #ahgg1 #agdb 9 #ahgh1 & #bcig 9 #ahgi4 ,! exports ( leaf f ,n+po 7 #djg piculs 9 #ahgd1 #ega 9 #ahge1 #baa 9 #ahgf1 #ecj 9 #ahgg1 #cgh 9 #ahgh1 & #afe 9 #ahgi4 ,kiung*[ export$ #ddi piculs ( leaf 9 #ahgh2 & #he piculs1 value #acfl41 9 #ahgi4 ,kiukiang export$ #bh1abj piculs ( leaf1 value #ce1fghl41 9 #ahgh2 & #ad1fei ( leaf1 & #hjb ( /alk1 9 #ahgi4 ,*9kiang import$ #ac1cbh piculs ( leaf1 & #aiad ( prep>$1 9 #ahgi4 ,macao receives tobacco f ! ,hok%an di/rict1 & prep>es x = exportation to ,java1 ! ,/raits1 & ,cali=nia1 ! annual export be+ ab\t #aj1jjj piculs4 ,! ,new*wang imports ( prep>$ native tobacco 7 #hjeb piculs 9 #ahgg1 #hced 9 #ahgh1 & #ffcj 9 #ahgi4 ,%anghai1 9 #ahgi1 import$ #eh1dfj piculs ( native leaf1 #gi1jha ( prep>$1 & #aahg ( /alk2 & export$ & re-export$ #ca1eda ( leaf1 & #bi1fgb ( prep>$4 ,taiwan import$ #cjag piculs ( prep>$ native 9 #ahgi4 ,ti5ts9 export$ #ajdg piculs native tobacco 9 #ahgh1 & #fic 9 #ahgi4 ,tobacco is gr[n 9 ! hilly di/ricts ne> ,wuhu2 ! leaves are ga!r$ 9 ,octob]1 & sun-dri$ on wick]-"w frames4 ,! exports 9 #ahgi 7 #eig piculs ( leaf1 & #gdb ( prep>$4 ,co*9-,*9a4--,! culture ( tobacco is ext5d+ 9 ,co*9-,*9a1 & x is ev5 said t a consid]able quantity is export$ to ,*9a1 b x improves little 9 quality4 ,! area report$ to be "u tobacco cultivation 9 #ahgh 7includ+ c(fee7 0 #bcfa acres4 ,co/a ,rica4--,! free cultivation ( tobacco 0 /opp$ 9 ,janu>y #ahhd1 & its free sale only p]mitt$ till ,decemb] #ca1 #ahhe4 ,ecuador4--,! tobacco crop ( ,ecuador = #ahgi 0 n s l>ge z usual1 ow+ to an unfav\rable season4 ,esm]aldas1 ! mo/ nor!rly port1 & :5ce ne>ly all ! tobacco %ipm5ts are made1 despat*$ ab\t #cjjj qu9tals 9 #ahgi4 ,guayaquil export$ #aej qu9tals 9 #ahgg1 none 9 #ahgh1 & #aj 9 #ahgi4 ,9 #ahhc1 ! exports f ,guayaquil 7 #acgd qu9tals1 value #edifl42 9 #ahhd1 only #if qu9tals1 #aibl4 ,fiji4--,! ,fiji ,isl&s are well adapt$ to tobacco culture4 ,! natives produce a good deal1 :i* ne>ly approa*es ! ,am]ican leaf4 ,) c>eful cur+1 x w\ld f9d a m>ket 9 ,engl&4 ,! native product is roll$1 :i* prev5ts its be+ made into cig>s4 ,samples ( leaf-tobacco 9 h&s1 rais$ f =eign se$s1 exhibit$ v unequal qualities1 & a t5d5cy to rev]t to ,am]ican =ms1 ! ,havana return+ to ! ,virg9ian type4 ,cut up = smok+1 !y 7 defici5t 9 flav\r1 b 7 consid]$ satisfactory z a fir/ exp]im5t4 ,france4--,! area occupi$ by tobacco 9 ,france 9 #ahgc 0 #ad1heh hect>es 7( #b acres71 yield+ at ! rate ( #ab qu9tals 7( #bbj lb474 ,! am\nt ( l& au?oriz$1 to gr[ tobacco 9 ,pas de ,calais 9 #ahgi 0 #bajj acres1 & ! quantity furni%$ to ! ,gov]nm5t 0 #c1fei1fcf lb41 ! prices 7p] kilo47 paid by ! ,gov]nm5t be+ #a fr4 #de;c4 = #a/s1 #a fr4 #ab;c4 = #bnds1 #hh;c4 = #crds1 & #aj-ff;c4 = o!r inf]ior qualities4 ,! numb] ( plants gr[n p] acre is ab\t #ag1jjj4 ,! dep>tm5t ,nord af=ds r m ?an ,pas de ,calais4 ,by ! ,imp]ial decrees ( ,decemb] #bi?1 #ahaj1 & ,janu>y #ab?1 #ahaa1 x 0 orda9$ t ! pur*ase ( tobacco 9 leaf & ! fabrication & sale1 :e!r :olesale or retail1 ( manufactures ( tobacco1 %\ld be exclusively conf9$ to ! ,adm9i/ration ( ,indirect ,taxes 7,rgie des ,droits ,unis7 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( ,france4 ,at pres5t ! ,rgie has 9 op]ation #af l>ge manufactories1 #bg 8magas9s de culture10 & #d 8magas9s de transit40 ,x employs ov] #ai1jjj workpeople1 ( :om ab\t #hj p] c5t4 are wom5 & girls4 ,! usual daily e>n+s are1 = m51 f #bs4 #g;d4 to #cs4 #aa;d41 & = wom51 f #as4 #b;d4 to #bs4 #d;d4 ,= fai?ful or exempl>y s]vices1 ! workpeople receive annually rew>ds1 v>y+ 9 am\nts f #aes4 to #bjl4 ,mr4 ,scidmore1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul> ,ag5t 9 ,p>is1 gives ! foll[+ description ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! op]ations ( ! ,rgie are c>ri$ on4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ea* ye> ! ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance designates ! numb] ( hect>es ^u :i*1 & ! dep>tm5ts )9 :i*1 ! cultivation ( tobacco may be und]tak5 dur+ ! foll[+ season4 ,! la/ m9i/]ial decree ^u ?is subject conf9es ! privilege to ! dep>tm5ts ( ! ,alpes ,m>itimes1 ,b\*es du ,rhne1 ,dordogne1 ,gironde1 ,ille-et-,vila9e1 ,l&es1 ,lot-et-,g>onne1 ,meur!-et-,moselle1 ,nord1 ,pas de ,calais1 ,puy de ,dme1 ,hautes-,pyrnes1 ,haute-,sane1 ,savoie1 ,haute ,savoie1 & ,v>4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,octob] or ,novemb]1 an ag5t ( ! ,rgie proce$s to ! communes among :i* ! prefects h apportion$ ! allotm5ts1 & receives ! decl>ation ( e proprietor desir+ to pr(it by ! au?orization4 ,a ,commission1 compos$ ( ! prefect1 ( ! director ( indirect taxes1 a sup]ior ag5t ( cultivation1 a memb] ( ! c\ncil g5]al1 & ( a memb] ( ! c\ncil ( ! arrondissem5t1 n be+ plant]s1 !n exam9e ! decl>ations1 & admit1 r$uce1 or reject !m4 ,aft] a plant] is accord$ p]mission to cultivate1 he is subject$ to close (ficial sup]vision1 & to num]\s /r+5t regulations conc]n+ details z to ! prohibition to s[ any o!r se$ ?an t furni%$ to him by ! adm9i/ration1 ! mode ( plant+1 c42 &1 9 addition to ! surveillance z to ^! matt]s1 two (ficial inv5tories are tak5 ( ! gr[+ crop--! fir/ to asc]ta9 ! ext5t ( l& "u cultivation & ! numb] ( plants1 ! second to det]m9e ! numb] ( leaves = :i* ! plant] w be held acc\ntable4 ,:5 ! tobacco has be5 ga!r$ 9 a mann] describ$ by regulations ( m9ute detail1 ! plant] takes x to ! magaz9e ( ! ,rgie1 :]e x is subject$ to ! inspection ( a commission ( five dis9t]e/$ exp]ts1 :o sep>ate ! leaves into ?ree portions1 accord+ to quality2 ! plant] is !n paid = ea* portion 9 accordance ) ! t>iff ( prices promulgat$ by ! ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance4 ,=eign tobacco is obta9$ ?r\gh contract ) private p>ties1 aft] publi%$ proposals by ! ,m9i/] ( ,f9ance ?r\gh ! ,fr5* ,consul> ,corps abroad1 & ?r\gh a special gov]nm5t ag5cy e/abli%$ at ,havana4 ,at pres5t a little ov] "o-?ird ( ! tobacco pur*as$ by ! ,rgie is ( ,fr5* gr[?2 ov] "o-half consi/s ( =eign leaf1 mo/ly obta9$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! rema9d] is made up by importations ( cig>s f ,havana & ,manilla1 & by cig>ettes & miscellane\s productions ( v>i\s c\ntries1 & by cu/om-h\se seizures4 ,! magaz9es di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry are ( two sorts1 8magas9s de transit0 = =eign tobacco1 & 8magas9s de culture0 = indig5\s tobacco4 ,9 ! 8magas9s de transit0 ! =eign leaves h n to submit to any o!r manipulation ?an ! sampl+ ( packages1 aft] :i* !y are =w>d$ to ! factories 9 su* quantities z may be dem&$4 ,) ! indig5\s tobacco ! c\rse is diff]5t2 ?is :5 receiv$ f ! h&s ( ! ,fr5* gr[] is usually v imp]fectly dri$1 & has to be subject$ to a cur+ process4 ,aft] ! bundles are ?or\ghly ?ra%$1 !y are put 9 heaps accord+ to maturity1 & f]m5t$ 9 a temp]ature z high z #cj to #dj ,c5tigrade4 ,?is maturation la/s f six to n9e mon?s1 dep5d+ ^u ! locality1 & ! condition ( ! leaves z receiv$1 & is int]rupt$ f "t to "t by ! op]ation ( %ak+ & turn+ 9 ord] to prev5t too great f]m5tation4 ,:5 ?is f]m5tation is conclud$1 ^? leaves conta9+ less ?an tw5ty p] c5t4 ( wat] are ready to be pack$4 ,at ?is po9t c]ta9 ( ! leaves und]go a /emm+ process2 !y are !n pack$ by hydraulic pressure 9 bales & hog%eads weigh+ f #djj to #ejj kilo4 ea*1 & 9 ?is /ate !y rema9 /or$ 9 ! magaz9e = "s mon?s to acquire fur!r rip5ess4 ,x is usually #ae-ah mon?s aft] !y are ga!r$ t ! leaves are consid]$ to be 9 a fit condition to be s5t to ! manufactory4 ,^u arrival at ! manufactory1 ! packages are sort$ & empti$2 ! leaves are spread out 9 l>ge b9s or receive a prep>atory wett+ ) wat] conta9+ #aj p] c5t4 ( sea salt1 9 ord] to produce flexibility & prev5t p[d]+4 ,?is process occupies #bd h\rs4 ,!n foll[s ! sort+ accord+ to quality1 & ! di/ribution to ! v>i\s workrooms = composition4 ,:5 int5d$ = ! manufacture ( snuff1 ! leaves are put into ma*9es & *opp$ into /rips ( ! wid? ( a f+]2 !y are !n moi/5$ ) pure wat] or tobacco juice ( v>i\s /r5g?s1 ! necess>y quantity & quality ( :i* is det]m9$ by *emical analysis4 ,^! /rips are !n pil$ up 9 masses conta9+ f #ce1jjj to #dj1jjj kilogrammes1 9 rooms :]e a high & ev5 temp]ature is ma9ta9$ by /eam-pipes & v5tilators4 ,"h !y rema9 to f]m5t dur+ a mon? or six weeks1 :5 !y are dri$1 gr\nd into p[d]1 & sift$4 ,?is p[d] !n receives a wett+1 is pack$ 9 /\t wood5 b9s1 9 quantities rang+ f #be1jjj to #cj1jjj kilo41 & s rema9 to f]m5t = sev]al mon?s4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! f9al f]m5tation1 ! p[d] is te/$ & mov$ f "o b9 to ano!r f "t to "t1 9 ord] to ensure a successful issue ( ! process4 ,:5 ! samples tak5 f ! b9s indicate maturity1 ! snuff is pack$ 9 b>rels & casks1 & is ready = ! m>ket4 ,= ! manufacture ( smok+-tobacco1 ! leaves1 aft] ! /emm+ process1 receive _! fir/ moi/5+1 :i* la/s #bd h\rs4 ,!y are !n neatly arrang$1 ) _! edges p>allel1 & are tak5 to ! *opp+ ma*9es2 ! ma*9es 9 use at ! ,rgie are capable ( *opp+ #bbj lb4 p] h\r1 ! knives be+ r5ew$ twice dur+ t "t4 ,! tobacco1 on leav+ ! *opp]s1 conta9s ab\t #be p] c5t4 ( humidity1 & is imm$iately convey$ into "o end ( a revolv+ dry+ cyl9d]1 heat$ to a uni=m temp]ature ( #bjc ,fahr5heit1 f ! opposite end ( :i* x issues1 at ! expiration ( fifte5 m9utes1 9 a dri$ /ate & fre$ f album54 ,x is !n put ?r\gh a second cyl9d]1 simil> 9 con/ruction to ! la/1 b :i* subjects ! tobacco to a /rong draught ( cold air to elim9ate all du/ & heat4 ,! tobacco is !n pack$ 9 well-air$ b9s1 :]e x rema9s f f\r to six weeks1 aft] :i* x is c>efully ov]haul$ by h& to remove ! pieces ( /ems & =eign matt] t may h escap$ notice 9 ! previ\s op]ations4 ,x is !n put up 9 packages1 v>y+ 9 weight f #dj grammes upw>ds4 ,^! packages are surr\nd$ ) a pap] b&1 ^u :i* are pr9t$ ! ,gov]nm5t tax /amp1 ! date ( manufacture1 ! weight1 ! price1 & ! lett] 8,h10 foll[$ by figures4 ,! la/ m>k signifies ! am\nt ( humidity conta9$ 9 ! tobacco at ! "t x 0 put into ! packets4 ,consul ,scidmore says t 9 no in/ance s9ce its inauguration has !re be5 a ye> )\t enorm\s pr(its to ! tobacco monopoly 9 ,france1 & 9 a table app5d$ to 8 report1 x appe>s t f ! date ( its f\ndation 7#ahaa7 to ! end ( #ahgh1 ! net total ga9 to ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t am\nt$ to #bhg1gjc1hhal4 ,! foll[+ table f a rec5t report %[s t ! consumption ( tobacco 9 ,france has be5 /eadily increas+3-- ,ye>4 ,population4 ,am\nt ,am\nt p] consum$4 ,head4 ,kilogrammes4 ,grammes4 #ahae #bi1bej1jjj #h1iha1djc #cjg #ahbf #ca1fgc1hec #aa1eie1jhd #cff #ahca #cb1gca1bef #aa1jga1jhh #cch #ahda #cd1jah1gae #af1dfa1icd #dhd #ahea #ce1edf1iai #ai1gah1jhi #eee #ahfd #cg1acc1dbd #bh1jai1hjc #gee #ahff #cg1hjg1bjc #cj1fbg1ffc #haj #ahgb #ce1hdd1dad #bg1jca1jjj #ged #ahgf #cf1fdc1jhg #ca1ahh1hdf #hea ,! am\nt consum$ 9 ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts v>ies v mu*4 ,snuff-tak+ is mo/ practis$ 9 ,oise1 ,se9e ,infrieure1 ,eure1 & ,eure-et-,loir1 at ! maximum rate ( #cge grm4 p] head2 & lea/ 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ,d\bs1 ,pyrnes ,ori5tales1 ,nord1 ,haut ,rh91 & ,haute ,savoie1 :]e ! av]age is b #ajj grm4 ,9 smok+1 h[ev]1 !re is r a rev]se ord] ( ?+s1 ! ,nord1 ,haut-,rh91 & ,pas de ,calais consum+ at ! rate ( #b kilo4 p] head1 :ile ! m9imum is f\nd 9 ,haute ,savoie1 ,cantal1 ,corrze1 ,creuse1 ,aveyron1 ,dordogne1 ,lot1 & ,lozre4 ,t5 dep>tm5ts only consume tobacco above ! av]age1 :ile #gj are actually bel[ x4 ,if all ,france smok$ ! same quantity z d ! p ( ,nord1 ,haut-,rh91 & ,pas de ,calais1 ! consumption = ! :ole c\ntry w\ld be #gc1bhf1agd kilo4 in/ead ( #ca1jjj1jjj2 & vice v]s x w\ld be only #f1bfe1ifh kilo4 if calculat$ accord+ to ! av]age ( ,lozre1 :i* is only at ! rate ( #aga grm4 p] head4 ,! dep>tm5t ( ! ,nord1 9 #ahhd1 _h #ddi hect>es 7( #bdg acres7 "u tobacco1 ! yield ( :i* 0 #a1afh1bjf kilo4 ,g]many4--,! total area ( l& engag$ 9 gr[+ tobacco 9 ,g]many 9 #ahgh 0 ab\t #dd1ebj acres2 ne>ly two-?irds ( ?is total 0 di/ribut$ among ,rh5i% ,bav>ia1 ,bad51 ,s4 ,hesse1 & ,alsace-,lorra9e4 ,! total consumption ( tobacco 9 ! ,g]man empire 9 t ye> 0 #b1aif1jjj cwt4 ,! home production 0 #eif1ggf cwt41 ! rema9d] be+ import$4 ,! aggregate area ( l& cultivat$ ) tobacco 9 ! ,/ates ( ! ,g]man ,cu/oms ,union did n v>y consid]ably dur+ t5 ye>s1 be+ #ba1eji hect>es 9 #ahfc1 & #bj1iah 9 #ahgb1 to :i* mu/ be add$ ! newly annex$ prov9ces ( ,alsace & ,lorra9e1 :i* br+ up ! total to #bd1gde hect>es4 ,x appe>s t1 ) p>ticul> reg>d to ! ye> #ahgb1 ! cultivation 0 c>ri$ on 9 #djfg diff]5t localities1 by #id1iaf taxable gr[]s1 & by #hc1fge small] gr[]s1 ^: production1 ow+ to its limit$ ext5t1 0 exempt f taxation4 ,by f> ! l>g] numb] 7 small gr[]s1 ! area cultivat$ by ea* n exce$+ an av]age ( #aj ares4 ,9 ,prussia ! aggregate ( l& cultivat$ dur+ ! ye> #ahga am\nt$ to #eibe hect>es1 or #bf p] c5t4 ( ! entire t]ritory ( ! k+dom2 ! aggregate yield ( ! h>ve/ 9 ! same ye> 0 #aih1hij c5tn]s4 ,x appe>s t ! ext5t ( tobacco-gr[+ l& has1 dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s1 be5 gradually dim9i%+ 9 ,prussia1 & t accord+ly ! expectations ent]ta9$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( t p]iod ( a great future developm5t ( ?is bran* ( agriculture h n be5 realiz$4 ,! reasons = ! gradual decl9e are consid]$ to be1 on ! "o h&1 ! gr[+ competition ( ! ,s\? ,g]man gr[]s1 & ! increase 9 ! importations ( ,am]ican tobacco2 on ! o!r h&1 ! fact t ! cultivation ( beetroot = sug>1 & ( potatoes = di/ill+ purposes1 has prov$ to be a m pr(itable bus9ess ?an tobacco production4 ,x has1 moreov]1 be5 f\nd by _m ye>s' exp]i5ce1 t :il/ ! quality ( ! tobacco cultivat$ 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,prussia is n su* z to enable ! gr[]s to compete successfully ) ! import]s ( =eign1 p>ticul>ly ,nor? ,am]ican sorts1 ! lab\r att5d+ its cultivation & its prep>ation = ! m>ket1 z well z ! unc]ta9ty ( only an av]age crop1 are out ( proportion1 z a rule1 to ! av]age pr(its aris+ !refrom4 ,! cultivation ( ! plant has consequ5tly gradually 8become re/rict$ *iefly to ^? di/ricts ( ! c\ntry :]e ei!r ! soil is peculi>ly adapt$ = ! purpose1 or :]e x is c>ri$ on = ! private use ( ! produc]4 ,9 ,bav>ia1 z is well kn[n1 tobacco is cultivat$ v ext5sively1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,palat9ate & 9 ,franconia1 viz4 ! di/ricts ar\nd ,nuremb]g & ,erlang54 ,! area ( l& 9 #ahga 0 #dgba hect>es1 :i* produc$ #add1aec c5tn]s4 ,9 ,saxony b little tobacco is gr[n1 ! total area plant$ !re) 9 #ahga n hav+ exce$$ #f hect>es1 ^u :i* #acj c5tn]s 7 produc$4 ,al?\gh 9 p>ts ( ,wirtemb]g ! soil & climate are said to be v fav\rable to ! gr[? ( ! plant1 ! area ( l& cultivat$ is1 ^u ! :ole1 a v limit$ "o1 & did n exce$ #agh hect>es4 ,! yield ( ! h>ve/ is giv5 at #eega c5tn]s4 ,9 ! ye> #aheh ! ext5t ( production 9 ,wirtemb]g is /at$ to h be5 f\r times z great z x is at pres5t4 ,! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,bad5 has at all times be5 ! *ief tobacco-gr[+ "p ( ,g]many1 & z f> back z ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury special laws = regulat+ ! cultivation1 prep>ation1 & w>eh\s+ ( ?is article 7 9 =ce4 ,! great importance accord+ly atta*+ to ?is bran* ( agriculture & indu/ry = s l>ge a proportion ( ! inhabitants ( ,bad51 r5d]s x b natural t any project ( increas+ ! tobacco tax %\ld meet ) v /rong opposition among/ mo/ classes ( ! ,gr& ,du*y4 ,! mo/ prom95t tobacco-gr[+ di/ricts ( ,bad5 are ^? ( ,c>lsruhe1 ,mannheim1 ,heidelb]g1 ,bad5burg1 ,s*witz+51 & ,lahr2 ! quality ( ! plant gr[n 9 ^! p>ts be+ a v inf]ior "o4 ,! produce ( ! di/ricts m5tion$ is !re=e appli$ *iefly to ! manufacture ( 8cig>-wrapp]s10 & is export$ 9 consid]able quantities to ,brem51 ,hamburg1 ,switz]l&1 ,holl&1 & ev5 to ,am]ica1 = ! use ( ! cig>-mak]s4 ,! prices ( ! be/ k9ds ( ,bad5 tobacco are consequ5tly also1 on an av]age1 mu* high] ?an ^? realiz$ by o!r ,g]man gr[]s4 ,! area 9 ,hesse 0 #igi hect>es1 ! *ief di/rict be+ ar\nd ! t[n ( ,d>m/adt2 ! production 0 #ca1caa c5tn]s4 ,! mo/ prom95t among/ ! ,?ur+ian ,/ates z reg>ds tobacco production1 is ! ,du*y ( ,saxe-,m5n+52 ! l& cultivat$ 9 #ahga 9 all ( !m put toge!r 0 #bjb hect>es1 ! yield ( ! h>ve/ 9 t ye> hav+ be5 #dhjf c5tn]s4 ,9 ! two ,g]man /ates ( ,meckl5burg1 #fajf c5tn]s 7 rais$ f #afe hect>es ( l&4 ,! mo/ important di/rict is t ( ,neu-,br&5burg1 9 ,meckl5burgh-,/relitz4 ,only a small ext5t ( l&1 viz4 #fi hect>es1 is us$ = tobacco 9 ! ,du*y ( ,brunswick1 ! same be+ situat$ ne> ! t[n ( ,helm/adt2 ! am\nt rais$ 0 #bcia c5tn]s4 ,9 ! rec5tly acquir$ prov9ces ( ,alsace-,lorra9e1 tobacco cultivation has be5 ext5sively c>ri$ on = _m ye>s1 m especially 9 ! c\ntry ar\nd ,/rasburg1 ,mlhaus51 ,s*irmeck1 & ,mn/]1 & to a small] ext5t ne> ,metz & ,?ionville4 ,! aggregate area ( l& cultivat$ 9 #ahga 9 bo? prov9ces is giv5 at #caei hect>es1 ^u :i* #aae1eah c5tn]s ( tobacco 7 rais$4 ,accord+ to ! /ati/ics & in=mation furni%$ by ,consul ,w>d1 ! quantity ( tobacco produc$ 9 ,g]many 9 ! ye> #ahga am\nt$ to #gac1hde c5tn]s1 ! :ole be+ e/imat$ 9 value at #fj1bhd1baj dols41 or ab\t #i1jdb1facl4 /]l+4 ,a ,consul> report ( ,m>* #ca1 #ahhe1 rem>ks t "o ( ! mo/ prom95t bran*es ( agriculture 9 ,bad5 is t ( tobacco1 ( :i* ab\t #cjj1jjj to #cej1jjj cwt4 annually are gr[n1 :]e( l>ge quantities are export$4 ,ow+ to ! comp>atively high tax on production ( #bb m>ks p] #ej kilo41 ! gr[] has be5 =c$ to seek a m rational sy/em ( cultivation1 & a m c>eful treatm5t ( ! plant & ! cur+ ( ! leaf4 ,gov]nm5t pays p>ticul> att5tion to ?is culture4 ,a ,commission has be5 appo9t$ = ! purpose ( /udy+ & inve/igat+ ! treatm5t ( tobacco 9 ,holl&1 & ! results are to be adopt$ & propagat$1 s f> z ! climate admits4 ,x is v d\btful :e!r ! lab\rs ( ! ,commission w greatly influ5ce ! f>m]s1 :o are ( a v cons]vative disposition2 moreov]1 !re is a great] ob/acle to /ruggle aga9/1 namely1 _! desire to increase ! quantity ( ! production1 & ) x _! income1 )\t reg>d to ! "q ( det]ioration ( ! quality ( tobacco2 ! peasantry1 l o!r classes1 p>ticipates 9 ! desire to bett] its mat]ial condition4 ,! surface ( l& occupi$ by tobacco plantations repres5t$ 9 #ahhc = ! :ole ( ! empire ! consid]able figure ( #bb1jfh hect>es2 ?is ye> a r$uction is to be not$1 z (ficial reports br+ ! total to #ba1ajh hect>es only4 ,! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,bad5 p>ticipat$ 9 ! above figures ) #gghh hect>es = #ahhc1 & #gfdg hect>es = #ahhd4 ,not)/&+ ?is diff]5ce1 ! result ( ! crop w n ess5tially be small] 7z reg>ds ! weight ( ! total71 ! new produce prov+ heavi] 9 weight & 9 sub/ance4 ,:ile 9 #ahhc ! hect>e produc$ ab\t #aijj kilo41 x is suppos$ t = #ahhd x w yield f #ahjj to #bjjj kilo4 ,^! figures t5d to prove t ! #ahhd tobacco is ri*] 9 quality1 & consequ5tly m durable1 & less capable ( treatm5t ?an t ( ! prec$+ ye>s2 al?\gh ! quality is some:at inf]ior to t ( #ahhb & #ahhc x may fairly be consid]$ z good4 ,! subjo9$ rem>ks deal ) ! tobacco trade ( ,brem54 ,! numb] ( casks ( ,k5tucky tobacco sold 9 #ahhd fell consid]ably bel[ t dispos$ ( 9 #ahhc4 ,?is is expla9able by ! circum/ance t lugs & cutt+s 7 altoge!r want+4 ,! prices ( leaf on ! :ole rema9$ /eady1 except 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 :5 !y soon rega9$ _! firmness ?r\gh no m supplies f ,am]ica be+ expect$1 ow+ to ! cont9u$ dem& = /rong tobacco 9 t c\ntry4 ,bus9ess 9 ,virg9ia tobacco also suff]$ f ! want ( inf]ior qualities4 ,prices1 consid]$ high f ! beg9n+1 %[$ ev5 a ris+ t5d5cy at ! end ( ! season4 ,transactions 9 ,m>yl& & scrubs exce$$ ! av]age ( ! la/ five ye>s4 ,ohio & ,bay suff]$1 z hi!rto1 f ! protection af=d$ to home gr[?s4 ,op]ations 9 /ems 71 consid]+ ! depression 9 trade1 n unsatisfactory4 ,a good bus9ess 0 done 9 almo/ all descriptions ( tobacco 9 s]ons1 *e/s1 bales1 & baskets1 & sales surpass$ ^? ( previ\s ye>s4 ,! subjo9$ table pres5ts a comp>ison ( ! transactions 9 ! v>i\s sorts ( tobacco dur+ ! la/ two ye>s3-- ,description ( ,description ( ,imports4 ,sales4 ,tobacco4 ,pack+4 #ahhc4 #ahhd4 #ahhc4 #ahhd4 ,k5tucky ,casks #bj1hbh #ab1jhd #bj1jab #ab1ead ,virg9ia 0 #c1icg #e1bej #d1hdh #e1aif ,m>yl& 0 #d1ibi #e1fae #d1egi #e1haa ,scrubs 0 #chc #a1cfc #chc #a1jbg ,ohio 0 #eha #a1aee #eff #a1agd ,bay 0 #aja #acf #bcd #acd ,/ems 0 #e1jac #g1ccb #h1afc #e1djc ,havana ,s]ons #af1abg #ae1jbg #ac1aba #aa1ifg ,cuba & ,y>a 0 #bb1dfg #bb1bei #bi1big #ag1chc ,/4 ,dom+o 0 #hc1hcf #ei1ffe #eh1aba #dd1jfe ,se$-leaf ,*e/s #ag1jgj #ah1gbc #gg1jjj #ah1bjc ,porto ,rico ,bales #a1acc #cjj #a1acg #b1baj ,esm]alda 0 #gje #edi #ggf #eii ,columbia ,s]ons & bales #aa1hfb #ba1jda #ad1jcb #bb1fei ,v>nias ,leaves & rolls #ibb #b1jfe #c1agd #b1jfe ,brazil1 9 leaves ,bales #aca1ihbahe1jfaaci1cigahi1bdf ,p>aguay 0 #b1fgb #b1fja #b1hgi #b1hai ,rio ,gr&e 0 #d1ega 44 #aj1aii #a1cdj ,manilla 0 #ej #gg #ba #ajf ,mexican 0 44 #aj 44 #aj ,turki% & ,greek 0 #f1aee #f1hbe #h1bce #h1aje ,o!r v>ieties 0 #a1dif #b1jag #a1dda #c1ceg ,good qualities ( ,havana fet*$ adequate prices4 ,! dem& = ,cuba1 ,y>a1 ,c>m51 & ,dom+o 0 brisk2 ,brazilian & ,felix f\nd ready buy]s1 ow+ to ! la/ good crop1 ! prices ris+ t[>ds ! close ( ! ye>4 ,! /ock ( ,porto ,rico 0 realiz$ at a l[ figure4 ,9 se$-leaf ,p5nsylvania plants 7 *iefly import$1 &1 be+ ( a good quality1 7 = ! mo/ "p promptly dispos$ (4 ,mu* incl9ation 0 %[n = ,turki% tobacco1 & ! same rem>k applies to bus9ess 9 ,p>aguay1 ( :i* ! supplies might h be5 great]4 ,*9ese tobacco1 v brisk at fir/ on acc\nt ( its f9e quality1 lat] on fell (f aga9 consid]ably4 ,! value ( ! tobacco consum$ 9 ,g]many 9 #ahgh is calculat$ to h be5 #cec million m>ks1 or #ag1fej1jjjl4 /]l+1 ! total return to ! rev5ue be+ #bf1chc1iff m>ks1 or #a1cai1aihl4 ,! quantity consum$ 9 t empire 9 ! ye> is /at$ at #b1aif1jjj cwt41 or r m ?an #ajj1jjj tons4 ,( ?is quantity #ehb1fjj cwt41 or upw>ds ( #bi1jjj tons1 7 consum$ 9 ! =m ( cig>s4 ,reckon+ a hundr$ cig>s to a p\nd 9 weight1 ! numb] ( cig>s consum$ 9 ,g]many 9 #ahgh w\ld be upw>ds ( sev5 ?\s& millions1 :i* w\ld give two cig>s a day all ! ye> r\nd to t5 million smok]s4 ,b besides cig>s ! ,g]mans smok$ 9 ! ye> #a1cbg1bjj cwt41 or upw>ds ( #fj1jjj tons ( tobacco m or less manufactur$4 ,9 ! =m ( snuff !y took #afj1fjj cwt41 or #hjjj tons1 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 :ile 9 ! way ( *ew+-tobacco !y limit$ !mselves to ! mod]ate quantity ( #ad1bjj cwt41 or ab\t #gjj tons4 ,r m ?an "o-?ird ( ! total weight ( tobacco consum$ 0 gr[n )9 ! limits ( ,g]many1 ! quantity s produc$ 9 #ahgh be+ #eif1ggf cwt41 :ile ! imports am\nt$ to #a1gfh1hee cwt4 ( tobacco leaves1 #dhbg cwt4 ( roll tobacco1 #ad1agj cwt4 ( cig>s1 #hcba cwt4 ( /ems = snuffs1 #eac cwt4 ( snuff1 & #aja cwt4 ( *ew+-tobacco4 ,! total area ( l& engag$ 9 gr[+ ! plant 9 #ahgh 0 #ah1jaf hect>es1 or ab\t #dd1ebj acres4 ,two-?irds ( t quantity 0 gr[n 9 ,rh5i% ,bav>ia1 ,bad51 ,s\? ,hesse1 & ,alsace-,lorra9e1 9 :i* di/ricts #aa1fbc hect>es 7 employ$ 9 ! cultivation ( ! plant4 ,great ,brita94--,! proposal to re-e/abli% tobacco culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom has call$ = ! foll[+ s5sible article 9 ! ,plant]s' ,gazette4 8,! "q ( gr[+ tobacco 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom is n s simple z patriotic ,iri%m5 & en?usia/s ( acclimatization might ?9k4 ,tobacco has be5 class$1 l tea & c(fee1 z among ^? necess>ies ( life :i* c\ld n be gr[n ) any advantage 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & might !re=e be freely tax$ = rev5ue purposes4 ,x is1 inde$1 true t a passable h]b may be gr[n & call$ tobacco1 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 b ! fact has be5 g5]ally recogniz$ t competition ) m tropical c\ntries is practically fruitless1 & !re=e to be ab&on$4 ,x is easily to be und]/ood t s aromatic a crop1 monopoliz+ s _m ( ! be/ & r>e/ qualities ( ! soil1 w\ld require high manur+2 & t1 j z is ! case ( any o!r crop--su* z hops1 or ev5 :eat--"o c\ld get no?+ ( ! special excell5ce ( ! h]b requir$ b :at "o has previ\sly put into ! soil4 ,b1 to be pr(itable1 ! plant requires good heat z well z good soil4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is ! :ole economical "q1 & ^u t ! matt] ma9ly h+es4 ,! claim to gr[ real tobacco 9 ,engl& or ,irel& is bas$ ^u ! allegation t ! h]b c be gr[n at a pr(it4 ,! be/ evid5ce furni%$ to ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,monday ev5+ on ?is po9t 0 t ( ,"l ,h>ris1 :o affirm$ boldly t ,irel& & p>ts ( ,engl& 7 prep>$ to ent] into a fair competition ) ! recogniz$ productive colonies4 ,! ,gov]nm5t1 & ) !m1 ,"l ,iddesleigh1 are 9 fav\r ( an exp]im5t l>gely grant+ all t is ask$1 & c>efully obs]v+ ! result4 ,!n1 :5 ! ,briti% tobacco comes ^u ! ord9>y m>ket1 let x be tax$ z any o!r simil> product w\ld be4 ,! ,gov]nm5t c\ld n view ) any?+ b dismay ! prospect ( a fall 9 rev5ue2 & !re is no "q1 !re=e1 t ! home-gr[n tobacco mu/ pay duty to ! full4 ,! crux ( ! "q is h[ su* duty c be en=c$ )\t an army ( rev5ue (fic]s1 ^: practical duties w\ld be> no reasonable proportion to _! probable co/4 ,our own impression is t tobacco c nev] be gr[n 9 ^! isl&s on any l>ge scale to compete ) ! gr[]s )9 ! tropics1 & t ! exp5se ( collect+ rev5ue w\ld be out ( all proportion to ! am\nt collect$4 ,at ! same "t1 x ill becomes u z a ,free-trad+ nation to %ut out any class ( our own c\ntrym51 by duties di/9ctly prohibitive1 f foll[+ a bran* ( agriculture :i* !y ?9k !y c\ld make pr(itable4 ,x is aga9/ our pr9ciple to (f] a b\nty on ! =c$ cultivation ( exotics1 su* z tobacco und\bt$ly is :5 gr[n 9 ^! isl&s1 b x w\ld be /ill worse to ma9ta91 on m]ely p$antic gr\nds1 a prohibitive import on a crop :i* _m m5 ?9k ! small] t5ants c\ld produce to ! great advantage ( _! hold+s4 ,we are by no means sangu9e ( _! success2 b t is no reason :y !y %\ld n try40 ,greece4--,! production ( tobacco 9 ,greece is ab\t #d million okes 7( #b lb47 annually4 ,patras1 9 #ahgh1 export$ #cjj tons to ,holl&1 ,au/ria1 & ,turkey1 at a value ( #be-cjl4 a ton4 ,! values ( ! exports f ,syra1 9 #ahgi1 7 #cejcl4 to ,great ,brita91 #bcbel4 to ,turkey1 #hhl4 to ! ,danubian ,pr9cipalities1 #bcfl4 to ,france1 #eedl4 to ,au/ria1 #dcfl4 to ,egypt1 #afjel4 to ,russia2 & 9 #ahgh1 #aebhl4 to ,turkey1 #ahgel4 to ,great ,brita91 #icl4 to ! ,danubian ,pr9cipalities1 #ddal4 to ,au/ria1 #ccdl4 to ,france1 #bffl4 to ,russia1 #cil4 to ,egypt4 ,9 #ahhd1 ,nauplia export$ #ac1jjjl4 wor? ( tobacco2 & ,calamata1 #bdjjl4 wor?4 ,! value at ,patras 0 #des4 p] cwt4 ,syra import$ #dcil4 wor? ( tobacco & #cjel4 wor? ( tumbeki f ,turkey2 b export$ #aj1deil4 wor? ( tobacco to ,turkey1 #figl4 wor? to ,great ,brita91 #ag1gbcl4 wor? to ,egypt1 #bjjl4 wor? to ,russia1 #abjl4 wor? to ,r\mania1 #bifcl4 wor? to ,italy1 #aagfl4 wor? to ,france1 & #bjjl4 wor? to ,au/ria4 ,holl&4--,!re 7 #daag acres "u tobacco 9 ,holl& 9 #ahgh1 :i* produc$ #c1acb1hge kilo4 ,! imports ( tobacco into ,holl& 9 #ahgh 7 z foll[s3--,m>yl&1 #ebdi1 ,k5tucky1 #ejj1 & ,virg9ian1 #ajg hog%eads2 ,java1 #hg1iih1 se$-leaf1 #ajj1 ,sumatra1 #cc1fga packages4 ,9 #ahgf & #ahgg1 !re 7 #eijj & #ciic packages respectively f ,rio ,gr&e4 ,! exports ( leaf f ,holl& 9 #ahgi 7 #c1ijj1jjj kilo4 ,,comp>ative ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,imports ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,tobacco ,,dur+ ,,! ,,five ,,ye>s #ahgi-hc4 ,virg9ia ,m>yl&4 & ,java4 ,se$-leaf4 ,brazil4 ,sumatra4 ,k5tucky4 ,hhds4 ,hhds4 ,packages4 ,packages4,packages4,packages4 ,9 #ahgi #g1bcd #he #ajb1gia #aib #a1edh #dd1dgg #ahhj #d1gge #adg #cd1jcg #a1jjg #cci #eb1aea #ahha #b1ihi #aea #ha1bbe #ded #a1jih #ei1dfh #ahhb #c1dje #bf #ajc1chd #ije ,nil4 #gc1ddd #ahhc #d1bdj #igf #cj1ige #b1ejj #fge #aj1aaa ,india4--,an imm5se area is occupi$ 9 produc+ tobacco 9 ,india4 ,9 ,madras1 ,d9digul is ! great tobacco di/rict1 & *]oots are manufactur$ at ,tri*9opoli4 ,! isl&s 9 ! delta ( ! ,godav>i also yield lunka tobacco1 ! climate be+ suitable1 & ! plants be+ rais$ on r poor1 light soil1 highly manur$ & well wat]$4 ,manilla se$s h be5 tri$ on ! l[] ,palnai ,hills1 b ! ,wynaad has prov$ to be ! be/ locality4 ,9 ,bombay1 ! ,kaira & ,kh&e% tobaccos are sup]ior2 altoge!r ov] #dj1jjj acres 7 "u ! crop 9 ?is presid5cy 9 #ahga-b1 & ! exports 7 #c million lb4 ,%iraz & ,manilla se$s yield good plants 9 ,gujrat & ,kh&e%4 ,! total areas "u tobacco 9 #ahga-b 7 ?us return$3--,b5gal1 ab\t #cjj1jjj acres2 ,punjab1 ov] #ij1jjj2 ,oudh1 #fi1ejj2 ,rungpore1 #fj4jjj 7af=d+ ! s-call$ 8,burma *]oots072 ,c5tral ,prov9ces1 #ee1jjj2 ,tirhoot1 #dj1jjj2 ,coo* ,beh>1 #bd1jjj2 ,mysore1 #bj1jjj2 ,d9agepore1 #bj1jjj2 ,purneah1 #bj1jjj2 ,beh>1 #ah1ejj2 ,burma1 #ac1jjj2 ,monghyr1 #i-aj1jjj2 ,nuddea1 #i-aj1jjj4 ,! be/ tobacco di/ricts are said to be ,s&[ay & ! isl& ( ,*$uba1 9 ,arracan2 ,rungpore1 9 ,b5gal2 & ,bhilsa1 9 ! ,c5tral ,prov9ces4 ,! results ( _m analyses ( ,s\? ,indian tobaccos %[ t _! a% seldom conta9s m ?an #e-f p] c5t4 ( c>bonate ( pota%1 :ile ,am]ican range f #bj-dj p] c5t41 indicat+ ! pov]ty ( ! ,indian soils 9 ?is important +r$i5t4 ,x might1 h[ev]1 be suppli$ at mod]ate co/ 9 ! %ape ( saltpetre1 :i* is actually export$ l>gely f ! tobacco-gr[+ di/ricts4 ,! bulk ( ! ,indian tobacco export$ consi/s ( leaf1 ! k9ds *iefly %ipp$ be+ ! 8,bispah0 & 8,poolah0 v>ieties ( ! ,rungpore k9d2 ! quantities ( cig>s & o!r manufactur$ tobacco export$ are v small4 ,! exports 9 lb4 = ! f\r ye>s #ahge-gi 73-- #ahge-gf4 #ahgf-gg4 #ahgg-gh4 #ahgh-gi4 ,unmanufactur$ #bb1hfa1gaa #aj1ejh1gbj #aj1eid1fjd #ac1bgi1aeh ,manufactur$3 ,cig>s #aeb1ahi #aij1acf #ahi1gdb #aif1gei ,o!r sorts #bcb1gbj #bje1jcc #cag1hhg #bdg1gdc ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,total #bc1bdf1fbj #aj1ijc1hhi #aa1ajb1bcc #ac1gbc1ffj ,on ! o!r h&1 a consid]able quantity ( manufactur$ tobacco1 av]ag+ ov] #a million lb4 ye>ly1 is import$1 %[+ t ,india is /ill m]ely a produc] ( raw mat]ial1 & is dep5d5t ^u o!r c\ntries = ! manufactur$ article 9 a condition fit = consumption4 ,ev5 z reg>ds ! raw mat]ial1 ,india might d a great deal m ?an at pres5t1 = !re w\ld be a l>ge & con/ant dem& on ! cont95t ( ,europe = ,indian leaf1 if x c\ld be obta9$ ( some:at bett] quality4 ,! ,fr5* & ,italian tobacco dep>tm5ts are prep>$ to take ,indian tobacco 9 l>ge quantities1 if x c be suppli$ ( a quality suit$ to _! purposes2 & !re w\ld also be an ext5sive dem& f ,au/ria & ,g]many4 ,al?\gh ! %ipm5ts consi/ ma9ly ( leaf tobacco1 & t n ( good quality1 tobacco manufacture is n[ mak+ a promis+ beg9n+4 ,9 ! ent]prise be+ c>ri$ on at ,ghazipore1 9 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces1 & at ,poosah1 9 ,b5gal1 bo? ! cultivation & manufacture are "u ! sup]vision ( skill$ ,am]ican gr[]s & cur]s4 ,"s ( ?is tobacco s5t to ! ,adm9i/ration des ,tabacs 9 ,p>is has be5 v fav\rably report$ on4 ,! factory at ,ghazipore is n[ turn+ out ab\t #ejj lb4 a day ( all classes1 ! great] "p be+ black cav5di% & honeydew1 = ! army4 ,! ma*9]y is capable ( turn+ out #cejj lb4 a day1 z soon z suffici5t h&s h be5 tra9$4 ,hi!rto no ,indian tobacco has realiz$ any valuation approa*+ t ( ,am]ican4 ,! av]age price ( ! ,am]ican 8%ipp+ tobacco0 is #e-f;d4 a lb41 high] classes ( bright leaf f ,virg9ia realize z mu* z #g-ac;d4 a lb41 :ile ! price ( ,indian tobacco has g5]ally be5 #a-b;d4 a lb4 ,b ! #ae1jjj lb4 ( ,poosah leaf f ! #ahgg crop rea*$ ,engl& :5 ,am]ican %ipp+ leaf 0 at #d-e;d4 a lb41 or #be p] c5t4 bel[ ! normal rate4 ,! consignm5t 01 moreov]1 pack$ 9 r damp ord]1 & conta9$ a quantity ( moi/ure :i* caus$ x to be assess$ "u ! highe/ rate ( ! new t>iff1 :i* imposes #cs4 #aj;d4 duty :5 ! moi/ure is ov] #aj p] c5t41 aga9/ #cs4 #f;d4 "u #aj p] c5t4 ,?is made a diff]5ce 9 ! value1 e/imat$ at #a;d4 a lb4 ,! price obta9$ 0 #c;d41 :i* w\ld h be5 #d;d4 _h ! tobacco be5 dri]1 & ! sale has be5 foll[$ by ord]s ( l>ge %ipm5ts4 ,! high prices1 too1 realiz$ = ! be/ samples ( ! #ahgf & #ahgg crops1 indicate t ,indian leaf c be turn$ out equal to ! be/ %ipp+ tobacco f ,am]ica4 ,a ti]ce ( /rips f ! #ahgf-gg crop f ,ghazipore sold = #g;d4 a lb41 & ! great] "p ( ! re/ = #e;d4 or m1 :ile a portion ( ! ,poosah leaf ( #ahgg-gh 0 valu$ at #e;d4 :5 ! m>ket 0 #be p] c5t4 bel[ normal rates4 ,^! facts seem to gu>antee future success1 s9ce ! quantity ( ! high] classes c be l>gely increas$1 & a great] portion ( ! crop be br\ght to ! same high] level4 ,! *ief po9t to be asc]ta9$ 0 :e!r a suffici5tly high level c\ld be atta9$ at all4 ,x has be5 atta9$4 ,! cur$ leaf ( #ahgh is v mu* sup]ior to any hi!rto turn$ out1 especially t f ,ghazipore4 ,a new m>ket is n unlikely to op5 9 ,france4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t h already ask$ = a consignm5t = trial ( #ajjj-aejj lb4 ,! reason :y ! manufacture ( smok+-tobacco = ,indian consumption has occupi$ s l>ge a %>e 9 ! op]ations is1 t ! ,indian m>ket1 ?\gh small1 pays f> m h&some pr(its ?an ! ,engli% m>ket4 ,! price paid = reasonably good ,am]ican manufactur$ tobacco 9 ,india ranges f "o to ?ree rupees a lb4 ,ghazipore & ,poosah tobacco is sold at half t price1 at a mu* high] pr(it ?an c be obta9$ by s5d+ cur$ leaf to ,engl&4 ,:ile ,indian cur$ leaf c f9d a sale 9 ! ,engli% m>ket at prices :i* w enable x to compete !re ) ,am]ican cur$ leaf1 ,indian manufactur$ leaf is prov$ to compete successfully ) ,am]ican manufactur$ leaf 9 ,india itself1 ) a fair prospect ( success 9 a simil> competition 9 ! colonies4 ,x may be /at$ 9 g5]al t]ms t #d;d4 a lb4 = cur$ leaf 9 ,engl&1 & #f-aj annas = manufactur$ leaf 9 ,india1 w secure suffici5t or ev5 h&some pr(its4 ,! op5+ = pr(its w p]haps be bett] und]/ood if x is expla9$ t #a;d4 a lb4 repres5ts an asset ( ab\t #el4 an acre4 ,! "o great advantage :i* ,india has ov] ,am]ica is *eap lab\r4 ,x is n[ prov$ t ! leaf is1 = all practical purposes1 z good z ! ,am]ican leaf1 & !re is h>dly any d\bt t ,am]ica _c af=d to s5d home leaf at ! price at :i* ,india c sell4 ,! exports ( tobacco f ,briti% ,india dur+ ! ye>s #ahgd-e to #ahgh-i h be5 z foll[s3-- #ahge4 #ahgf4 #ahgg4 #ahgh4 #ahgi4 ,unmanufac- lb4#cc1daa1ejdbb1hfa1gaaaj1ejh1gbjaj1eid 1fjdac1bgi1aeh tur$ ,manufactur$ lb4 #dbe1jdj #chd1iji #cie1afi #ejg1fbi #ddd1ejb ,no4 #b1iii1idj 44 44 44 44 ,! foll[+ lett] f ! manag] ( ! ,poosah tobacco f>ms1 ,tirhoot1 describes ! sy/em ( gr[+ & cur+ n[ adopt$ 9 ,india4 8,prep>ation ( ,soil4--,tobacco l& %\ld be well-dra9$ upl& :i* has la9 fall[ "s "t or t has _h "s light crop 9 x2 ?is l& %\ld be well manur$ ) well-rott$ manure4 ,we pl\gh our l&s twice mon?ly4 ,j be=e ! "t = transplant+ ! soil is pl\gh$ up & well pulv]iz$ by a h5g] or beam ( wood drawn by bullocks ov] ! upturn$ soil s z to b5d x & to break up any lumps ( e>?4 ,! soil %\ld be suffici5tly dry = ?is purpose s z n to cake & h>d54 8,se$-b$s4--,^! %\ld be made up 9 a suitable situation1 t is1 protect$ f ! aft]noon sun1 hav+ "s build+ or grove ( trees on ! we/ side4 ,! se$-b$s %\ld be rais$ "s six in*es (f ! gr\nd & h tr5*es dug all r\nd s z to c>ry (f any sup]flu\s moi/ure1 ! b$s %\ld be well work$ ) a kodalie & good1 rott$ manure well work$ 94 ,aft] pulv]iz+ ! soil & levell+ x1 pick (f any /ones or o!r rubbi% & x w be ready = s[+ ! se$4 ,! size ( ! b$ %\ld be ab\t #d feet by #ae feet2 ?is is m conv5i5t ?an squ>e b$s1 z x enables ! plants to be att5d$ to )\t risk ( de/roy+ !m by trampl+ on !m4 8,s[+ ! ,se$4--,! se$ is s[n broadca/ ) ! h&1 mix$ ) "s s& or a%es s z to s[ ev5ly2 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to s[ too ?ickly4 ,ab\t "o *ittak ( se$ ought to be f\nd suffici5t = "o ( ^! b$s :i* w\ld furni% en\gh plants = "o beegah ( l&4 ,aft] hav+ s[n & if !re is a hot sun1 x w\ld be advisable to cov] ! b$s ) light mats4 ,?is se$ %\ld g]m9ate 9 sev5 or t5 days at lea/4 ,am]ican se$ does2 ,sumatra takes mu* long]4 ,! plants may require wat]+1 :i* %\ld be done ) a wat]+-c ) a rose1 :5 ! plants are well up & l>ge4 ,only wat] se$-b$s 9 ! ev5+4 ,z soon z ! se$l+s h leaves ( ! size ( a p5ny1 !y are capable ( be>+ transplant+4 ,be=e tak+ up ! se$l+ to transplant1 wat] ! b$s well an h\r be=eh&2 ?is is done to loos5 ! e>? ab\t ! roots s t ! plants may be tak5 up )\t injury4 ,to take up ! se$l+s !y %\ld be seiz$ by ! "u side ( ! two l>ge/ leaves by ! f+] & ?umb1 hav+ "o leaf on ea* side1 n by ! /em1 !n pull up g5tly1 tak+ c>e n to break ! leaves4 ,!y may !n be plac$ 9 an op5 basket4 ,:5 ! basket is full x %\ld be cov]$ ) a clo? if ! sun is hot1 & ! se$l+s slightly spr9kl$ ) wat] & !n c>ri$ (f to transplant4 ,! se$l+s are plant$ out 9 r[s #c feet by #b feet ap>t1 = :i* purpose a knott$ cord is us$1 ! knots be+ #c feet ap>t4 ,?is cord is drawn by two m5--"o at ea* end4 ,across ! field or portion ( ! field at a di/ance ( #b feet f ! out] edge1 ! cord is drawn out & !n trampl$ ^u by coolies4 ,! knots leave an impression 9 ! soil :]e ! se$l+s h to be plant$4 ,! cord is !n rais$ & put d[n aga9 at ano!r di/ance ( #b feet f ! fir/1 & s on till suffici5t l& has be5 m>k$ (f4 ,?is "w c be done dur+ ! day1 & ! transplant+ 9 ! ev5+4 8,transplant+4--,transplant+ %\ld be done 9 ! ev5+ if !re is any sun2 9 cl\dy wea!r x c be done all ! day long4 ,ra9y wea!r is mo/ suitable z x disp5ses ) wat]+ & ! plants settle bett]4 ,a boy takes a basket ( se$l+s & walks up ! r[1 dropp+ a plant "h & !re :]e ! m>ks h be5 made2 he is foll[$ by a man :o makes a hole ) a kurpie1 into :i* he places a se$l+1 & !n presses ! soil ar\nd ! roots firmly ) 8 f+]s1 & !n goes on ) ! re/4 ,z transplant+ c h>dly be done "h )\t wat]+1 a boy c>ry+ a c )\t a rose foll[s ! man :o is transplant+1 & wat]s ea* plant he comes across2 b1 z ,i m5tion$ above1 if ! transplant+ c\ld be done 9 ra9y wea!r1 ! wat]+ w\ld be unnecess>y4 ,:5 gr[+ ! "y plants require "s att5tion4 ,aft] ! plants h be5 plant$ a week or s1 wea!r p]mitt+1 x is advisable to loos5 & op5 ! soil ar\nd !m ) a kurpie1 & also to eradicate we$s :i* may appe>4 ,lat] on a kodalie may be us$ to "w ! e>? betwe5 ! r[s4 ,z soon z ! plants h made gr[? & beg9 to ?r[ out fl[] or se$-heads1 :i* w take place 9 ab\t eight weeks or s1 !y %\ld be topp$1 viz4 ! fl[] heads %\ld be brok5 (f be=e !y fl[] 9 ?is way4 ,! /em on :i* ! head 0 f\nd %\ld be seiz$ ab\t two to ?ree feet f ! gr\nd & snapp$ clean (f by ! h& or f+]s4 ,?is topp+ w cause ! plant to ?r[ out heavy leaves4 ,! high] up ! /em is brok5 (f1 s w ! leaves ( ! plant become ?9n] & small]4 ,we g5]ally leave ab\t t5 to twelve leaves to ea* plant4 ,aft] topp+1 num]\s suck]s & (f%oots w spr+ up2 ^! %\ld be promptly brok5 (f z soon z !y appe>1 z !y take a lot ( n\ri%m5t f ! plant4 ,! plant rip5s 9 ab\t ?ree mon?s4 ,we cut "h 9 ,janu>y1 & none b ripe plants %\ld be cut4 8,h[ to ,cut ,ripe ,plants4--,a tobacco plant is kn[n to be ripe if ! leaf cracks :5 tak5 betwe5 f+] & ?umb & press$1 & also :5 ! leaves pres5t a swoll5 appe>ance & h a heavy look4 ,! /em :5 cut is full ( sap1 v ?9 r9d on edge1 ! leaves are c>v$ ov] & look mottl$1 ! ribs ( ! plant get brittle1 & are easily brok5 (f2 :5 fully ripe1 ! plant is cut at "o /roke close to ! gr\nd4 ,! be/ in/rum5t to cut ! plant ) is a kurpie4 ,:5 cut1 ! plant is all[$ to hang ov] on its side & wilt or droop 9 ! sun4 ,?is wilt+ takes f "o to two h\rs accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! sun4 ,:5 suffici5tly wilt$ 7:i* is kn[n :5 ! plants look droop+ & ! ribs c be b5t slightly )\t break+7 ! plants are plac$ 9 a c>t & tak5 to ! cur+-h\se4 ,plants %\ld n be cut 9 ra9y or cl\dy wea!r1 z x is obvi\s ! sun w\ld n be hot en\gh to wilt 7 ! wea!r cl\dy1 & ! ra9 wa%es (f ! gum & !reby decreases ! weight ( ! plant4 ,plants %\ld n be cut aft] ! ra9 unless ! gum has return$ to ! leaves1 :i* is kn[n by _! /icky1 gummy feel+40 ,! results ( _m analyses ( ! tobacco ( ,s\? ,india %[ t ! a%es ( ^! tobaccos seldom conta9 m ?an #e or #f p] c5t4 ( pota% c>bonate1 :ile ! a%es ( ,am]ican tobacco conta9 f #bj to #dj p] c5t41 prov+ ! pov]ty ( ,indian tobacco soils 9 ?is important plant-food--a plant-food1 h[ev]1 easily obta9able 9 ! %ape ( saltpetre1 & at a mod]ate co/4 ,b1 ?\gh saltpetre is l>gely export$ f ! tobacco-gr[+ di/ricts1 x is nev] employ$ z a manure = tobacco4 ,italy4--,tobacco is cultivat$ 9 ,italy 9 ! prov9ces ( ,ancona1 ,b5ev5to1 ,t]ra di ,lavoro1 ,pr9cipato ,cit]iore1 ,t]ra d',otranto1 ,umbria1 ,vic5za1 & ,s>d9ia4 ,! area & produce 9 ! foll[+ ye>s 73--9 #ahgj1 #iedd acres1 #fg1aib cwt42 #ahgb1 #ab1bef acres1 #hb1cdi cwt42 #ahgd1 #hbjb acres1 #ij1cjj cwt4 ,! exports f ,naples 9 #ahgi 7 #bjjf kilo41 value #djal4 ,! ,briti% ,consul at ,cagli>i reports t ! cultivation ( tobacco is only c>ri$ on 9 ! di/rict ( ,sass>i1 & 9 ! pla9s ( ,sass>i1 ,portotorres1 ,nurra1 ,sorso1 & ,s5nori4 ,no positive data on ?is bran* ( indu/ry c be _h1 x hav+ be5 exclusively c>ri$ on till #ahhc by a private company1 call$ ! ,rega ,co9t]essata4 ,)\t fe> ( be+ wrong1 x may be calculat$ t ! tobacco cultivators rea* ! numb] ( #ajj1 :o employ dur+ ! p]iod ( five mon?s f #fjj to #gjj lab\r]s2 ! plantation v>ies f #d1jjj1jjj to #e1jjj1jjj plants1 produc+ a h>ve/ f #bjjj to #bejj qu9tals ( tobacco leaves1 at a value ( ab\t #abe1jjj lire4 ,japan4--,japanese tobacco is well kn[n 9 ! ,london m>ket1 b x is (t5 9 a s(t condition1 & !n sc>cely saleable4 ,m c>e is ne$$ 9 dry+ x be=e pack+4 ,java4--,tobacco1 t]m$ by ! natives tombku1 or sta1 is an article ( v g5]al cultivation 9 ,java1 b is only ext5sively rais$ = exportation 9 ! c5tral di/ricts ( ,k$u & ,banyumas4 ,z x requires a soil ( ! ri*e/ m\ld1 b at ! same "t n subject to inundations1 ^! di/ricts hold out peculi> advantages to ! tobacco-plant]1 n to be f\nd on ! l[ l&s4 ,= int]nal consumption1 small quantities are rais$ 9 conv5i5t spots ev]y:]e4 ,9 ,k$u1 tobacco =ms1 aft] rice1 by f> ! mo/ important article ( cultivation1 &1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fitness ( ! soil1 ! plant gr[s to ! height ( #h-aj feet1 on l&s n previ\sly dress$ or manur$1 ) a luxuriance seldom witness$ 9 ,india4 ,cultivat$ "h alt]nately ) rice1 only "o crop ( ei!r is obta9$ )9 ! ye>2 b aft] ! h>ve/ ( ! rice1 or ! ga!r+ ( ! tobacco leaves1 ! l& is all[$ to rema9 fall[1 till ! season aga9 arrives = prep>+ x to receive ! o!r4 ,! "y plant is n rais$ )9 ! di/rict1 b procur$ f ! high l&s 9 ! vic9ity1 pr9cipally f ! di/rict ( ,kalibb]1 on ! slope ( ! m\nta9 ,ding or ,prhu1 :]e x is rais$ & sold by ! hundr$ to ! cultivators ( ! adjo9+ di/ricts4 ,! transplantation takes place 9 ,june1 & ! plant is at its full gr[? 9 ,octob]4 ,! exports 9 ! ye> #ahgg-h 7 #bab1ejj piculs to ,holl&1 & #bac to ,s+apore2 9 #ahgh-i1 !y 7 #bdh1eff piculs to ,holl&1 & #hgb to ,s+apore4 ,! value ( ! export to ,holl& 9 #ahgi 0 /at$ at #a1bej1jjjl4 ,! exports 9 #ahhd 7 #adj1cea piculs to ,holl&1 & #bdij to ,great ,brita94 ,new ,zeal&4--,?is colony has n yet figur$ z a tobacco gr[]1 b ! duty on locally produc$ tobacco is only #as4 a lb41 & ?is is expect$ to /imulate ! home indu/ry4 ,nic>agua4--,x appe>s t ! total exports ( tobacco 7 #ac1ghg lb41 value #dhcj doll>s1 9 #ahhc1 b only #cjj lb41 value #bdj doll>s1 9 #ahhd4 ,at pres5t x is a ,gov]nm5t monopoly4 ,p>aguay4--,consul ,bak]1 ( ,bu5os ,ayres1 /ates t "o ( ! mo/ valuable crops ( ,p>aguay is tobacco2 9 #ahbi1 its production am\nt$ to only #b1fge1jjj lb41 :ile 9 #ahfj1 ! crop am\nt$ to #ae1jjj1jjj lb42 b ! w> ) ! allies almo/ ru9$ ?is s\rce ( weal?4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 some:at recov]$ its importance1 ! exports alone la/ ye> am\nt+ to #h1ige1jjj lb4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! crop is annually work$ up into cig>s1 a bran* ( indu/ry :i* is almo/ entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! wom54 ,! tobacco plant$ 9 ,p>aguay orig9ally came f ,havana1 ) ! exception ( a p>ticul> k9d :i* is call$ 9 ,p>aguay1 blue tobacco1 peti-hoby1 ! orig9 ( :i* is unkn[n4 ,! fav\rite leaf is a yell[ tobacco1 peti-p>a1 gr[n *iefly 9 ,villa ,rica1 :i* possesses ab\t #f p] c5t4 ( nicot9e4 ,p]sia4--,! :ole ( ! ea/]n coa/ ( ! ,black ,sea1 i4 e4 ,m+relia1 ,lazi/an1 ,abkhasia1 & ,circassia1 is admirably suit$ = tobacco cultivation4 ,! c\ntry betwe5 ,poti & ,skhm ,kal conta9s admirable sites = tobacco plantations1 lab\r = :i* c be got f ,trebizond4 ,a great dem& = tobacco ( good quality exi/s 9 ! c\ntry1 & a practical plant] %\ld d well4 ,a quantity ( co>se1 badly-cur$ tobacco1 ( no comm]cial value1 is produc$ 9 ,im]itia & ,georgia4 ,great success has att5d$ ! culture 9 ,ghilan4 ,! fir/ se$ introduc$ 0 f ,sams\n2 s9ce !n ,y5ija se$ has be5 tri$1 & "s p>cels atta9$ ! /&>d ( ! be/ ,turki% tobacco4 ,x c be produc$ at ab\t #bjs4 a pood 7( #cf lb471 giv+ a pr(it ( #bbs4 a cwt4 ,hi!rto ! cultivation has be5 conf9$ to ! pla9s1 :]e bo? soil & atmosph]e are damp1 b x might be wor? try+ ! hill-skirts4 ,ab\t #bjjj cwt4 7 produc$ 9 #ahgh4 ,! exports ( tobacco1 ! produce ( ,ghilan1 f ,re%t to ,russia1 7 valu$ at #dfael4 9 #ahgh1 & #faedl4 9 #ahgi4 ,! values 79 rupees7 ( ! exports 9 #ahgi 7 #ac1jjj f ,bu%ire1 #gc1ejj f ,l+ah1 & #ce1jjj f ,bahre94 ,at ! "t :5 ,i wrote ! article on tobacco 9 ,spons' ,encyclopdia1 ! true s\rce & hi/ory ( an article call$ 8tumbeki0 0 /ill 9 d\bt4 ,f rese>*es made at ! in/igation ( my fri5d ,e4 ,morell ,holmes1 ,f4,l4,s41 ! ,curator ( ! ,ph>maceutical ,society's ,museum1 x is n[ cle> t x is a ,p]sian tobacco1 & z su* calls = m5tion "h4 ,! foll[+ p>agraph reproduces :at ,i said on ! subject 9 ,spons' ,encyclopdia4 8,tumbeki4--,?is ^w1 "u a multitude ( =ms1 is ! common "n 9 sev]al ,ea/]n languages 7,b5gali1 ,h9du/ani1 ,telugu1 ,sunda1 ,javanese1 ,malayan1 ,p]sian1 ,guz]ati1 ,deccan7 = ord9>y tobacco4 ,b 9 ,asia ,m9or1 x is appli$ to a n>cotic leaf :i* is spok5 ( z di/9ct f tobacco1 & is sep>ately classifi$ 9 ! ,consul> ,returns4 ,botanical au?orities are at v>iance z to ! plant :i* af=ds x1 "s attribut+ x to a ,lobelia1 :ile o!rs consid] x a k9d ( tobacco4 ,! latt] appe>s to be ! m correct supposition4 ,! fl[] resembles ! tobacco 9 be+ trumpet-%ap$2 ! leaf is broad]1 l>g]1 & r\nd] ?an t ( ! tobacco rais$ 9 ,turkey1 & is also wr9kl$ l ! inn] leaf ( ! cabbage4 ,! plant is rais$ f se$ 9 nurs]ies1 & :5 x has #d or #e leaves1 is plant$ out 9 ,april 9 ! prep>$ field1 & wat]$ sp>+ly4 ,x is #8set' 9 a day or two1 & is !n ho$ occasionally to free x f we$s4 ,aft] infloresc5ce1 & :5 ! plant is suffici5tly #8cook$1' x is cut d[n1 or pull$ up bodily1 & re-set 9 ! gr\nd till ! leaves are wilt$4 ,^! leaves are dri$1 &1 aft] exposure to ! dew1 are press$ heavily1 :5 !y und]go a k9d ( f]m5tation :i* develops ! aroma4 ,x is exce$+ly n>cotic3 s mu* s1 t x is usually /eep$ 9 wat] be=e use1 & plac$ 9 ! pipe 7a n>ghil or wat]-pipe7 :ile /ill wet4 ,! exports ( ?is article 7! produce ( ,p]sia7 f ! port ( ,trebizonde are consid]able3--,9 #ahgg1 !y 7 #ac1cdb bales 7( #a cwt471 value #ajf1gcfl41 to ,turkey2 9 #ahgh1 #aa1ega bales1 #ib1efhl41 to ,turkey2 9 #ahgi1 #ifei bales1 #gg1bgbl41 to ,turkey1 & #hff bales1 #fibhl41 to ,greece4 ,aleppo1 9 #ahgh1 s5t #d tons1 value #cbjl41 to ,turkey1 & #aa tons1 #hhjl41 to ,egypt4 ,! exports ( ! article1 ! produce ( ! int]ior ( ,p]sia1 f ,re%t to ,russia1 7 valu$ at #ejjjl4 9 #ahgg1 & #chdfl4 9 #ahgh40 ,x w be int]e/+ to comp>e ?is ) ,holmes' pap] read be=e ! ,ph>maceutical ,society on ,febru>y #aj1 #ahhf3-- 8,tumbeki is ! "n "u :i* an article ( regul> comm]ce betwe5 ,p]sia & ,turkey is m5tion$ 9 ! consul> reports1 especially 9 t = ,trebizonde4 8,two or ?ree ye>s ago an inquiry 0 made at ?is in/itution conc]n+ ! nature & botanical s\rce ( umbeki1 & ! only in=mation ,i 0 !n able to give 0 t 9 ! #8,treasury ( ,botany' tumbeky is /at$ to be ! n>cotic leaf ( a species ( lobelia4 8,f its frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! ,blue ,books 9 ! same li/ ) tobacco1 & f ! l>ge quantities m5tion$ z an export f ,trebizonde1 my correspond5t sugge/$ t x 0 probably some?+ us$ = smok+ l tobacco4 ,9 ! hope t tumbeki might prove to be "s drug possess+ important n>cotic or possible m$ic9al prop]ties1 ,i wrote to ,mr4 ,a4 ,biliotti1 ,consul at ,trebizonde1 = in=mation4 ,9 reply1 he =w>d$ samples ( tumbeki ( diff]5t gr[?s & qualities4 ,?is prov$ on exam9ation to be unque/ionably "s k9d ( tobacco1 & be+ puzzl$ to "k :y x figur$ 9 ! ,blue ,books z a di/9ct article1 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,?omas ,*ri/y1 ,f4,l4,s41 to make inquiries = me 9 ,p]sia4 ,he receiv$ ! foll[+ note ?r\gh ,mr4 ,zanni1 ! well-kn[n *emi/ at ,con/ant9ople1 f :om ,i receiv$ ! foll[+ in=mation3-- 8#8,!re are ?ree qualities ( ! teymbeki1 all d]iv$ f ! ,nicotiana p]sica4 8#8#a4 ,%iraz teymbeki1 valu$ at tw5ty gold pia/res p] oke4,a 8#8#b4 ,ke*an teymbeki1 valu$ at t5 gold pia/res4 8#8#c4 ,teh]an teymbeki1 equal 9 value to ,no4 #b4 8#8,! ,%iraz is ! be/ quality1 ! leaves are f\r decimetres long & half a decimetre wide4 ,! leaves ( ! two o!r qualities are n s l>ge4 ,! quantity ( alkaloid 9 ! leaves ( teymbeki is m ?an 9 ! leaves ( ,nicotiana ,tabacum2 x is mu* us$ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 b m s 9 ,egypt1 ,syria1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,p]sia4 ,teymbeki is smok$ 9 a special app>atus kn[n z ! n>ghileh4,b ,! app>atus is f\nd 9 e c(fee-h\se & ev5 9 a great numb] ( private h\ses4 ,x resembles some:at ! wa% bottle us$ 9 laboratories = wa%+ filt]s ) di/ill$ wat]1 b is (t5 made ( metal4 ,! teymbeki is plac$ 9 a small res]voir on ! top ( ! flask & burns 9 contact ) a piece ( inc&esc5t *>coal4 ,! vap\r is drawn ?r\gh ! tube1 :i* passes to ! bottom ( ! wat] & collects above x1 :5ce x is inhal$ ?r\gh ! long] tube4,c ,x is 9 fact a wat]-pipe4' 8,hav+ asc]ta9$ !n t tumbeki 0 a species ( tobacco1 ,i s\ght = fur!r confirmation ( ! /atem5t t x is ! produce ( ,n4 p]sica1 & wrote on ! subject to ,pr(essor ,hauskne*t1 :o is well kn[n z "o ( ! be/ au?orities on ! botany ( ,p]sia4 ,he k9dly repli$ z foll[s3-- 8#8,tumbeki is ! produce ( ,nicotiana ru/ica1 & is almo/ exclusively us$ = ! wat]-pipes call$ kalian or n>ghileh4 ,! plant is cultivat$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,p]sia1 especially 9 ,ispahan & ,%iraz1 :5ce ! be/ k9d comes4' 8,b ! /atem5t ( ,m4 ,zanni t tumbeki conta9s m alkaloid ?an tobacco1 & t ( ,pr(essor ,hauskne*t t tumbeki is ! produce ( ,n4 ru/ica1 seem$ to conflict ) ! /atem5ts 9 books t ,n4 ru/ica is less active ?an ,n4 ,tabacum4 8,9 ! #8,comm]cial ,report1' ,no4 #be1 #ahhc1 p4 #ajef1 "u #8,smyrna1' ,consul ,d5nis confirms ,m4 ,zanni's /atem5t conc]n+ tumbeki4 ,he says3--#8,x is mu* /rong] ?an ord9>y tobacco1 & _c be smok$ 9 ! usual way1 !re=e x is exclusively us$ = ! n>ghili4' ,he also adds t a l>ge quantity is consum$ 9 ! di/rict ( ,smyrna1 b mu* is also re-export$ to ,egypt & o!r p>ts ( ,turkey4 ,x is import$ f ,p]sia1 bo? ?r\gh ,trebizonde & ,bu%ire on ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 8,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,fras]1 9 8 "w on ,p]sia 7#ahbf71 rem>ks1 #8,! tobacco smok$ 9 ! kalian is call$ tumbaku 9 di/9ction to tootoon1 or t smok$ 9 pipes or cig>ettes4 ,x is sold 9 ! leaf1 :i* is pack$ dry 9 lay]s1 & is pres]v$ 9 bags sewn up 9 raw hide4 ,x improves by age1 b is q unsmokable ! fir/ ye>4 ,! be/ comes f ,j>\m1 s\? ( ,%iraz4' 8,9 an int]e/+ article 9 #8,h>p]'s ,magaz9e' 7,janu>y #ahhf1 p4 #bbd7 on ! #8,dome/ic & ,c\rt ,cu/oms ( ,p]sia1' ! writ] rem>ks conc]n+ tumbeki3--#8,! kalin or wat] pipe diff]s f ! ,turki% n>ghileh by hav+ a %ort /raight /em4 ,9 x is smok$ ! tobacco call$ tumbakee--a species gr[n only 9 ,p]sia4 ,t ( ,%iraz is v delicate 9 flav\r & is ! be/4 ,! tumbakee mu/ be fir/ soak$ 9 wat] & squeez$ l a sponge or x w cause v]tigo4 ,a live coal1 made f ! root ( ! v9e1 is plac$ on ! tobacco1 & ! smoke is drawn ?r\gh ! wat] ) a g5tle inhal+1 deposit+ ! oil 9 its passage ?r\gh ! wat]4' 8,9 ,de ,c&olle's #8,prodromus1' vol4 xii41 pt4 #a1 p4 #efg1 x is /at$ "u ,nicotiana p]sica1 t x yields ! celebrat$ tobacco ( ,%iraz4 ,?is species closely resembles ,n4 ,tabacum 9 ! =m ( its leaves1 :i* are1 h[ev]1 r acute ?an acum9ate2 b ! fl[]s are diff]5t bo? 9 %ape & col\r4 ,9 ,n4 ,tabacum ! /em leaves are sessile1 & ! corolla is funnel-%ap$ or inflat$ bel[ ! limb1 & is ( a p9ki%-r$ col\r2 9 ,n4 p]sica1 ! tube ( ! corolla is club-%ap$ & ! limb m spread+2 ! col\r is :ite inside & gre5i% outside4 ,:5 9 blossom1 !re=e1 ! two plants are easily di/+ui%$4 ,n4 ru/ica1 on ! o!r h&1 has /alk$ cordate leaves & a %ort yell[i% corolla1 ) ! tube & limb bo? %ort4 8,! leaves ( tumbeki :i* ,i h receiv$ f ,trebizonde & ,con/ant9ople bo? correspond ) ,n4 p]sica 9 "*1 b n ) ,n4 ru/ica1 s9ce !y h no trace ( a petiole4 ,s f> z x is possible to asc]ta9 !re=e1 9 ! abs5ce ( fl[]s1 ! weight ( evid5ce is 9 fav\r ( tumbeki be+ ! produce ( ,n4 p]sica4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! correctness ( ! /atem5t t tumbeki is /rong] ?an tobacco1 ,i h&$ "s specim5 to ,messrs4 ,e4 ,j4 ,ea/es & ,w4 ,h4 ,ince = *emical exam9ation1 :i* !y k9dly und]took at my reque/40 ----- ,footnote ,a3 ,! oke equals t5 kilogrames2 a pia/re1 #b;d4 ,footnote ,b3 ,s call$ f its resemblance 9 %ape to a n>ghil or coconut4 ,footnote ,c3 ,a full & int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! =ms & uses ( ! v>ieties ( ! kalian & n>ghileh is giv5 9 ! #8,l& ( ! ,lion & ! ,sun1' p4 #bi4 ----- ,foll[+ is ! report ( ^! g5tlem5 on ! *emi/ry ( ! subject3-- 8,f\r samples ( tumbeki 7 br\ght "u our notice by ,mr4 ,holmes1 ,curator ( ! ,museum ( ! ,ph>maceutical ,society1 be+ ( int]e/ on acc\nt ( _! report$ great] /r5g? 9 nicot9e z comp>$ ) tobacco4 ,! foll[+ are ! results ( our inve/igations4 ,we may /ate t s f> z we h be5 able to asc]ta9 no previ\s rese>*es h be5 und]tak5 on ! subject4 8,prelim9>y ,exam9ation4--,! pres5ce ( an alkaloid 0 demon/rat$ on ! addition ( ! usual reag5ts to ! acid infusion4 8,isolation ( ,alkaloid = ,physical ,exam9ation4--,! p[d]$ tumbeki 0 plac$ 9 a retort ) milk ( lime & /eam pass$ ?r\gh x till ! di/illate 0 no long] alkal9e4 ,alkaloid 9 abundance 0 f\nd 9 ! di/illate1 :i* _h a di/9ct od\r ( nicot9e4 ,! di/illate 0 !n extract$ ) e!r1 & ! e!r sl[ly driv5 (f4 ,! residue obta9$ 0 a light /raw col\r$ oily liquid ( p[]ful od\r1 giv+ (f irritat+ fumes :5 heat$4 8,e/imation ( ,nicot9e4--,9 ! e/imation ( nicot9e mu* difficulty 0 exp]i5c$1 ow+ to imp]fect k ( ! alkaloid1 & to ! imp]fect me?ods recomm5d$ 9 v>i\s pap]s on ! subject4 ,! only me?od we f\nd reliable 0 by us+ a /&>d solution ( ,may]'s reag5t1 obta9$ by mix+ #acedf grams ( m]curic *loride 9 solution ) #dih grams ( potassic iodide1 9 solution1 & add+ wat] to make #a litre4,d ,"o c4c4 ( ?is solution repres5ts #jjcide grams ( nicot9e1 ! precipitate hav+ ! =mula ,c,h,n,i4,hg,i4 8,! me?od we adopt$ ( work+ ) ?is solution 0 z foll[s3--,"o or m grams ( dri$ & p[d]$ tumbeki 7 treat$ ) dilut$ sulphuric acid 7#be p] c5t47 = sev]al h\rs on a wat]-ba?1 filt]$1 & ! leaves wa%$ ) hot #a p] c5t4 acid till ! filtrate 0 col\rless4 8,! filtrate 0 !n ei!r evaporat$ to a l[ bulk & extract$ ) alcohol1 to get rid ( album9\s matt]s :i* int]f]$ ) ! reaction1 or neutraliz$ ) sodic hydrate & ! alkaloid extract$ ) *lor(orm1 ! *lor(ormic solution be+ %ak5 ) dilut$ sulphuric acid z 9 ! ord9>y me?ods ( alkaloid extraction4 8,! objection to ! fir/ me?od is t ! alcohol has to be driv5 (f be=e ! ,may]'s reag5t c be add$1 :i* is tr\blesome & l5g!ns ! process4 8,! solution ( ! alkaloid 9 excess ( sulphuric acid hav+ be5 obta9$1 ,may]'s reag5t 0 c>efully add$ till no m precipitation 0 obs]v$1 ! end ( ! reaction be+ asc]ta9$ :5 on filt]+ "s ( ! nicot9e solution into a wat*-glass & add+ a drop ( ! reag5t1 no precipitate 0 =m$4 ,) c>eful manipulation concordant results 7 obta9$4 8,o!r me?ods tri$ 7 z foll[s3 8,volumetric me?od4--,t5 or m grams ( p[d]$ tumbeki 7 di/ill$ ) a solution ( sodic or potassic hydrate1 ! di/illate be+ pass$ into a kn[n volume ( dec9ormal /&>d solution ( sulphuric acid1 & ! am\nt ( acid neutraliz$ by ! nicot9e 0 det]m9$ by a /&>d dec9ormal solution ( soda & ! nicot9e calculat$4 8,by ?is me?od ! results obta9$ 7 inv>iably too high ow+ to an appreciable quantity ( ammonium salts conta9$ 9 ! leaves4 ,dr4 ,kissl+,e has also notic$ ! high p]c5tages obta9$ by ?is me?od ( e/imat+ nicot9e4 8,kosutny treats ! leaves ) milk ( lime till all ! ammonia is driv5 (f1 & !n extracts ) wat]2 %akes ! aque\s solution ) petroleum e!r & proce$s z be=e4 8,?is me?od 0 n f\nd to give good results1 = ?\gh ! ammonium salts d n int]f]e ) ! reaction1 yet ! petroleum e!r does n extract ! :ole ( ! alkaloid1 & ?us a l[ p]c5tage is obta9$4 8,extraction by ,ammoniacal ,e!r4--,?is consi/s 9 extract+ ! p[d]$ leaves 9 an upright extractor1 by an e!real solution ( ammonia1 & ei!r driv+ (f ! e!r & weigh+ ! residue z nicot9e2 or volumetrically e/imat+ ! residue by dec9ormal solution ( sulphuric acid1 or precipitat+ ! alkaloid by plat9um p]*loride4 ,9 ei!r case1 :i*ev] way ! residue is e/imat$1 ! results are too high1 ow+ to ! difficulty ( entirely gett+ rid ( ! ammonia4 8,! foll[+ are ! p]c5tages ( nicot9e 9 ! tumbeki3-- #8,ispahan4'--,i4 ,by ,may]'s ,reag5t4 ,a4 7midrib7 #haef p] c5t4 ,b4 7leaf7 #eejh 0 0 ,c4 7leaf & midrib7 #eehi 0 0 ,d4 7leaf7 #echfe 0 0 ------------ #edide p] c5t4 av]age4 ,,ii4 ,by ,volumetric ,me?od4 ,by work+ on #aj grams #gb p] c5t4 ,by work+ on #ej grams #gbbh 0 0 #8,hidjaz4'--,i4 ,by ,may]'s ,reag5t4 ,a4 7leaf & midrib7 #bjbe p] c5t4 ,b4 7leaf & midrib7 #bbfh 0 0 ,c4 7leaf & midrib7 #bjbh 0 0 ,d4 7leaf & midrib7 #ahfc 0 0 ---------- #bjdf p] c5t4 av]age4 ,,ii4 ,by ,volumetric ,process4 ,a4 #bcg p] c5t4 ,,iii4 ,by ,e!real ,solution ( ,ammonia4 #cf p] c5t4 #8,ke*an4'--,by ,may]'s ,solution4 ,a4 7leaf & midrib7 #bhce p] c5t4 ,b4 7leaf & midrib7 #cjcge 0 0 ,c4 7leaf & midrib7 #bheebe 0 0 ------------ #bijibe p] c5t4 av]age4 #8,%iraz4'--,by ,may]'s ,solution4 ,a4 7leaf & midrib7 #ehgbe p] c5t4 ,b4 7leaf & midrib7 #egige 0 0 ------------ #ehce p] c5t4 av]age4 ----- ,footnote ,d3 ,drag5dorff1 #8,*emis*e ,w]?be/immung />kwirk5d] ,drogu51' #fc1 p4 #eb et seq4 ,footnote ,e3 ,! #8,analy/1' ,janu>y #ahhf1 p4 #af2 #8,*em4 ,zeit41' ix41 #ahhf4 ----- 8,e/imation ( ,sac*>oid ,matt]2 calculat$ z cane sug>4--,! f]m5tation process 0 ! "o adopt$1 n t we consid] x by any means a good "o1 b because x 0 ! only "o practicable4 ,fehl+'s solution 0 inadmissible1 ow+ to ! precipitation ( col\r+ & o!r matt]s1 & ! pol>iscope gave no indication4 ,! objections to ! f]m5tation process are due to ! small am\nt ( alcohol produc$ 9 ! relatively l>ge bulk ( liquid4 ,?is r5d]s ! solution liable to acetification1 & ! ultimate di/illate obta9$ is v weak 9 _s1 mak+ x extremely difficult to obta9 ! correct specific gravity2 ! specific gravities obta9$ 7 always betwe5 #iih & unity4 8,we work$ z foll[s3--#bjj gra9s ( dri$ tumbeki 7 exhau/$ by repeat$ infusion 9 boil+ wat]4 ,! filt]$ liquid :5 cool 0 mix$ ) #ajj gra9s ( ,g]man yea/ & all[$ to /& ?ree days 9 a w>m place to f]m5t4 8,ab\t "o-?ird 0 !n di/ill$1 ! di/illate be+ r$i/ill$ & ?ree successive fractions ( #ejj fluid gra9s collect$1 ! alcohol 9 ea* be+ e/imat$2 ! ?ird portion conta9$ little if any _s4 8,x be+ /at$ t basic acetate ( lead removes sac*>oid matt] f ! k9dr$ plant tobacco2 we tri$ its action on ! infusion ( tumbeki4 8,at ! onset x 0 f\nd impossible to ?or\ghly wa% ! bulky precipitate caus$ by ! lead2 s1 to ensure a def9ite result1 suffici5t basic acetate ( lead 0 add$ to ! infusion ( #bjj gra9s ( tumbeki & ! :ole made up to #cj fluid ounces ) di/ill$ wat] & well mix$4 ,an aliquot "p 7#bj fluid ounces7 0 !n filt]$ (f1 excess ( lead remov$ by sulphurett$ hydrog51 ! sulphide filt]$ out1 ! solution boil$ to drive (f ! sulphurett$ hydrog5 & ! infusion1 :5 cool1 0 f]m5t$ 9 ! usual way4 ,b acetic acid 0 necess>ily pres5t f ! decomposition ( ! lead salt by ! sulphurett$ hydrog51 & ?is on di/ill+ w\ld t5d to raise ! specific gravity4 ,to rem$y ?is1 slak$ lime1 or pref]ably potassic hydrate1 0 add$ be=e r$i/ill+1 b consid]+ t f "o to ?ree p] c5t4 ( ammoniacal salt is conta9$ 9 ! orig9al tumbeki1 x is probable t "s might /ill rema9 & by ! action ( ! fix$ alkali furni% a trace ( free ammonia :i* w\ld l[] ! specific gravity1 & ?us app>5tly raise ! p]c5tage ( alcohol4 ,z f> z we c judge basic acetate ( lead does n seem to remove f]m5table matt] f infusion ( tumbeki4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,pb ,pb treatm5t4 treatm5t4 ,ispahan #bfd #bfg -- #bce ,hidjaz #cjj #bh #bg -- ,ke*an #eeh #ecc -- -- ,%iraz #cdh #chh #cbc #ca 8,a%4--,! foll[+ bases & acids 7 uni=mly f\nd 9 ! a%es3--,sodium1 potassium1 li?ium1 magnesium1 calcium1 iron1 alum9ium1 silica1 *lor9e1 phosphoric acid1 sulphuric acid1 c>bonic acid4 ,,g5]al ,,table ,,( ,,results4 ,ispahan4 ,hidjaz4 ,ke*an4 ,%iraz4 ,nicot9e #edide #bjdf #biji #ehce ,sac*>oid matt] #bfd #bhe #eeh #ccee ,sac*>oid matt] aft] ,pb treatm5t #bea #bhj #ecc #cdi ,soluble 9 wat] #dbj #dbc #cii #eef ,insoluble 9 wat] #ehj #egg #fja #ddd ,a% #bbj #bhe #bhe #bfae 8,! =ego+ "w has be5 c>ri$ out 9 ! laboratories ( ! ,ph>maceutical ,society40 ,philipp9es4--,! soil & climate ( ! ,philipp9es are em95tly suit$ to tobacco culture2 b ! unju/ ,spani% monopoly cripples ! indu/ry1 & x is decl9+4 ,next to ! ,cuban 7,vuelta abajo7 & a few prime ,turki% sorts1 ,manilla tobacco is admitt$ to be ! be/4 ,mo/ ( ! ,philipp9es produce x4 ,accord+ to ! quality ( ! produce1 ! prov9ces rank z foll[s3--7#a7 ,cayagan & ,ysabel1 7#b7 ,ygorrotes1 7#c7 ,isl& ( ,m9dano1 7#d7 ,bisayas1 7#e7 ,new ,ecija4 ,on ! av]age1 ov] #djj million cig>s1 & a quantity ( tobacco suffici5t to br+ up ! total weight to #ef1jjj cwt41 are annually export$4 ,! advantage ( ! plantations 9 ,cayagan lies 9 ! annual deposit ( alluvial matt]s by ! ov]fl[+ ( ! l>ge /reams4 ,! cultivation 9 ,bisayas promises to become ext9ct1 :]eas if ! natives 7 free to sell 9 ! be/ m>ket1 ! indu/ry w\ld increase imm5sely4 ,! yield ( ! ,cebu di/rict 9 #ahgh 0 #hghj qu9tals1 ! :ole ( :i* w5t to ! cig> factories ( ,cadiz & ,alicante4 ,! exports f ,manilla 73--9 #ahgg #ag1ebf1gjj lb4 tobacco1 value #ebe1hjal42 #hg1jjg1jjj cig>s1 value #bdc1fail42 #ahgh1 #ae1fcj1djj lb4 tobacco1 value #dfh1iahl42 #acf1hce1jjj cig>s1 value #chc1acfl42 #ahgi1 #iiga qu9tals 7( #aja lb47 tobacco leaf to ,great ,brita91 & #gd1dij qu9tals to ,spa92 cig>s1 #aj1ega1jjj to ,great ,brita91 #f1eeg1jjj to ,au/ralia1 #dd1ehf1jjj to ! ,/raits ,settlem5ts & ,india1 #be1hfa1jjj to ,*9a & ,japan1 #fic1jjj to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ajj1jjj to ,cali=nia1 #a1eba1jjj to ,spa9 & ! ,cont95t2 ! total values am\nt$ to #dhj1bfcl4 ,! exports ( tobacco f ,yloilo 7 #be1ded piculs 7( #acc lb47 9 #ahgh1 & #bj1fjj qu9tals 7( #aja lb47 9 #ahgi1 all to ,spa94 ,r\mania4--,tobacco 0 ext5sively cultivat$ at "o "t1 ) success1 ne> ,mac9 & 9 o!r p>ts2 b ! monopoly has greatly affect$ ! condition ( ! indu/ry4 ,russia4--,z reg>ds ! production ( tobacco1 ,russia ranks second among cont95tal c\ntries1 b ! consumption is less p] head ?an 9 o!r l&s4 ,consul ,/anton says t smok+ began 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & ! habit /eadily increas$1 not)/&+ ! fact t x 0 puni%$ by ! kn\t1 slitt+ ( ! no/rils1 & bani%m5t to ,sib]ia4 ,x is mo/ ext5sively cultivat$ 9 ,t%]nig(f1 ,poltava1 ,bess>abia1 & ,sam>a4 ,9 ,pol&1 ! production is n l>ge1 & is ma9ly conf9$ to ! vic9ity ( ,w>saw4 ,x is *iefly cultivat$ by ! peasants & is (t5 _! only occupation4 ,9 #ahhc1 ,riga export$ #gj1gbb p\ds ( leaf tobacco1 valu$ at #aid1dhf rubles4 ,seva/opol %ipp$ #ei p\ds1 value #aajj rubles4 ,tobacco is n[ cultivat$ l>gely 9 all p>ts ( ! ,crimea1 & is likely to become an export ( consid]able importance4 ,9 ,taganr( plantations are on ! increase1 & ! culture promises well4 ,san ,salvador4--,! exports ( tobacco 9 #ahhd 7 #af1aac doll>s' wor? ( leaf1 #ehih doll>s' wor? ( manufactur$1 & #hbf doll>s' wor? ( o!r sorts4 ,s]via4--,x is e/imat$ t !re are #djjj acres "u tobacco culture 9 ,s]via4 ,spa94--,! port ( ,cadiz is a great c5tre ( ! tobacco indu/ry4 ,! imports "h 9 #ahgh 73--#abc kilo4 f ,g]many1 #cjd1ech kilo4 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & #f1ggf1ijj kilo4 f ,spani% colonies2 ! exports 7 #ae1fjj kilo4 to ,g]many1 & #bac1hdf kilo4 to ,france4 ,corunna export$ #eh1bhj kilo41 value #hg1dbj pesetas1 9 #ahhd4 ,cadiz export$ #ead1hag kilo41 value #b1egd1jhe pesetas1 9 ! same ye>4 ,sumatra4--,?is great isl& is assum+ a fir/-rate importance 9 ! tobacco indu/ry4 ,! ye> #ahhc 0 an exceptionally fav\rable "o1 z ! h>ve/ 9 ,sumatra 0 v good1 :ile prices = ,java tobacco 7 high] ?an ( late ye>s1 9 consequ5ce ( ! %ort h>ve/ ( #ahhb4 ,l>ge quantities ( ,sumatra tobacco f\nd buy]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 consequ5ce ( ! protectioni/ measure introduc$ 9 t c\ntry 9 fav\r ( ! home tobacco produc]s4 ,! duty 0 rais$ f #ce c4 to #ge c4 p] lb4 on & aft] ! #a/ ,july1 #ahhc1 & great ef=ts 7 made to import z mu* z possible at ! l[] duty be=e t date4 ,! pr9cipal own]s ( ! plantations are ,dut*m51 & ! lab\r employ$ is ,*9ese coolies1 br\ght to ! isl& pr9cipally f ! ,malaya p59sula4 ,! crop1 accord+ to "o ( ^! successful plant]s1 is sc>cely ev] re>$ two ye>s 9 succession on ! same l&s4 ,! jungle is fir/ cle>$1 & !n ! se$ plant$4 ,aft] ! fir/ crop ( tobacco is ga!r$1 x is ! next season us$ = rice1 or some?+ else1 & tobacco is n plant$ aga9 until ! six? or sev5? ye> aft] ! jungle is cle>$4 ,by adopt+ ?is me?od1 a bett] result is obta9$4 ,! dry+-h\se is ?us describ$ by a rec5t visitor to ! isl&3-- 8,! int]ior is v mu* l a rick-y>d1 ) tobacco /alks in/ead ( hay-ricks1 among :i* a p]fect army ( half-clad ,*9ese coolies1 #djj /rong1 are h>d at "w sort+1 rang+ & /[+4 ,s ov]p[]+ly /rong is ! sc5t ( ! half-dri$ tobacco leaves t a smok] w\ld h no?+ to d b to take 9 an empty pipe ) him & enjoy a good h>d smoke gratis1 m]ely by inhal+ ! air ?r\gh x4 ,b ! ,*9am51 :e!r habituat$ to x by long use1 or =tifi$ aga9/ x by ! sup]ior p[] ( opium1 brea! ?is p]fum$ atmosph]e z easily z if x 7 ! pure/ air ( ! sea4 #8,t is h[ we measure ! heat1 y see1' says our ho/1 call+ our att5tion to ! holl[ bamboos ?ru/ ?r\gh ! he>t ( ea* /ack1 ) a /ick inside x1 :i*1 :5 pull$ out1 is almo/ too hot to t\*4 #8,x mu/ nev] be above or bel[ a c]ta9 po9t1 y "k4 ,in/ead ( /ripp+ (f ! leaves at once1 we hang up ! :ole plant to dry1 & d n /rip x till x is q dri$4 ,! ,sumatra tobacco1 h[ev]1 w n d = cig>s4 ,x is only us$ = :at we call ! #8deckblatt' 7cov] leaf71 :i* cov]s ! outside ( ! cig>4'0 ,consul ,k5n$y reports t 8! ma9 cause ( ! prosp]ity 9 ,deli is ! tobacco1 ! fir/ crop ( :i* 0 %ipp$ 9 #ahfi4 8,! crop = #ahhd w turn out ab\t #abb1jjj bales1 valu$ at #b1jhj1jjjl4 8,! accompany+ table %[s ! export dur+ ! la/ #aa ye>s3-- ,ye>4 ,bales4 ,value4 #ahgc #i1bch #bjh1ccc #ahgd #ab1haa #bej1jjj #ahge #ae1adg #bia1fff #ahgf #bh1idg #ebj1hcc #ahgg #cf1afg #eda1fff #ahgh #dh1aee #gej1jjj #ahgi #eg1edd #hge1jjj #ahhj #fd1ife #icg1ejj #ahha #hb1cef #a1ahg1ejj #ahhb #ajb1jcb #a1gej1jjj #ahhc #ib1jjj #a1ehc1ccc ,e/imat$4 ,,note4--,"o bale equals #agf ,engli% lb4 8,prices = ,deli tobacco h rul$ on ! :ole fairly high1 ! special quality ( ! leaf ly+ 9 ! fact ( its be+ light & ela/ic 9 texture1 ) ?9 fibres1 s t x is admirably adapt$ to s]ve z cov]-leaf1 & z su* is a good sub/itute = ,havana tobacco4 ,z a smok+-tobacco x lacks flav\r4 ,!re is a pretty g5]al concurr5ce ( op9ion t ! se$ ( ! ,deli tobacco 0 indig5\s1 & obta9$ f ,batak tribes 9 ! int]ior2 & al?\gh _m exp]im5ts h be5 made ) se$s f ,java1 ,manilla1 & o!r places1 ! plant]s h inv>iably come back to ! orig9al se$1 f9d+ t ! new k9ds develop a co>s5ess ( leaf attribut$ to ! extraord9>y ri*ness ( ! virg9 soil1 a soil p>tly alluvial & p>tly volcanic1 b cov]$ ?r\gh\t ) d5se =e/s4 8,! tobacco e/ates consi/ ( grants ( l& tak5 out by individuals or companies1 & are z a rule ( su* an ext5t t e ye> a new di/rict c be cle>$ & us$ = ! com+ crop1 & ?is /ate ( ?+s w cont9ue = _m ye>s to come2 inde$1 hi!rto only a small portion ( ! gr\nd cultivat$ 7n "o-fif?7 has borne two crops1 al?\gh x is expect$ t1 unless fre% gr\nd is tak5 up by ! plant]s1 a "t w arrive :5 use mu/ be made ( old fall[ l&s1 & !n guano w be requir$4 8,! plant]s consi/ ( ?ree or f\r l>ge companies1 pr9cipally ,dut*--su* z ! ,deli ,company1 ! ,am/]dam ,deli1 & ! ,batavia ,deli--z well z ( individual plant]s ( _m nationalities1 ,g]many & ,switz]l& be+ /rongly repres5t$1 :ile !re are also a good spr9kl+ ( ,engli%m51 ! pr9cipal ,engli% firm be+ ! ,langkat ,plantations ,company1 ) its headqu>t]s 9 ,london4 8,! grants ( l& are tak5 direct f ! *iefs be=e m5tion$1 & are only valid aft] confirmation at ,b5gkalis4 ,! t]m is = #ge ye>s1 & = su* a grant a sum ( money1 by way ( premium1 am\nt+ to f #a dol4 to #b dol4 p] b\w 7equal to an acre & two-?irds71 is paid 9 ca%1 :ile an annual r5t ( #dj c4 a b\w1 payable at ! expiration ( ! fif? ye>1 is also res]v$4 ,su* at lea/ are ! t]ms ( ! la/ recognis$ agreem5ts4 ,! :ole ( ! conv5i5tly-situat$ l& 9 ! ?ree di/ricts be=e-m5tion$ has n[ be5 tak5 up1 & x is only 9 ! outly+ regions t fre% gr\nd c be obta9$2 b z 9 su* outly+ regions settl$ gov]nm5t is n s well e/abli%$1 ! ,dut* au?orities are n[ v *>y 9 confirm+ grants 9 places :]e ! tobacco-gr[+ community w\ld be less "u control4 8,x is e/imat$ t at lea/ #b1jjj1jjjl4 /]l+ is n[ inve/$ 9 ! tobacco indu/ry 9 ! ,deli di/ricts4 8,! tobacco :5 ready = %ipm5t is all s5t to ,clambia on ! ,l angle at riv]1 to ! ,deli riv]1 or ! ,sirdang riv] 7z ! case may be71 & is despat*$ !nce vi ,p5ang or ,s+apore to ,am/]dam1 :i* is ! tobacco m>t = ! cont95t ( ,europe4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates h also b\ght ! ,deli tobacco 9 ! ,am/]dam m>ket 9 late ye>s4 ,v little ( ! tobacco goes to ,engl&4 ,! leaf rema9s s moi/ t ! ,engli% import duty w\ld press x heavily 9 comp>ison ) o!r tobaccos1 & ?is circum/ance op]ates z a *eck on ! import ( tobacco f ,sumatra into ,engl& z comp>$ ) tobacco f ,java4 ,! pr9cipal pur*as]s are ,g]man manufactur]s & ,dut* middlem54 ,! latt] retail ! tobacco ov] ! cont95t1 & supply ! sev]al ,rgies1 among/ o!rs ! ,au/rian1 ,italian1 & ,fr5*4 ,! ,am]icans conf9e _! pur*ases to d>k-leav$1 heavy tobacco1 requir+ #ajj leaves or less to ! lb4 8,x is wor? rem>k+ t ! :ole ( ! c>ry+ trade 9 connection ) ! ,deli tobaccos is 9 ! h&s ( ,messrs4 ,holt's l9e1 ! rate ( freight f ,deli to ,am/]dam be+ ab\t #cl4 #bs4 #f;d4 p] ton4 ,! %ipp+ season may be said to la/ f ,janu>y to ,june4 8,! tobacco crop ( #ahhd is e/imat$ to yield ab\t #bj1jjj bales 9 excess ( t ( #ahhc1 b ! crop 9 #ahhc 0 a %ort "o ow+ to unfav\rable wea!r4 ,! #ahhd crop is ! be/ "o ev] obta9$1 bo? z reg>ds quantity & quality4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! ,deli tobacco 9 ! ,am/]dam m>ket fet*es #as4 #d;d4 p] lb4 ,engli%1 & ! pr(its realiz$ may be judg$ f ! divid5ds giv5 by ! mo/ fl\ri%+ companies2 ! %>es ( ! ,deli ,company be+ n[ quot$ at #ejj p] c5t4 premium4 ,( c\rse !re are exceptions :]e unsuitable soils h be5 met )1 & losses h be5 su/a9$ ( no inconsid]able am\nt4 ,^! losses h occurr$ pr9cipally on ,sirdang l&s1 :]e ! tobacco gr[n is reput$ n equal to t produc$ 9 ! o!r two di/ricts4 ,?is comp>ative defect is disclos$ 9 ! burn+1 ! ,sirdang tobacco yield+ a br[n in/ead ( a :ite a%1 & be+ probably !re=e lack+ 9 pota%4 8,! =e/s :5 cle>$ = ! tobacco plantations af=d spl5did timb]1 & ?is is utiliz$ = con/ruct+ dry+-%$s & coolies' qu>t]s1 b a good deal ( ! wood :i* might be export$ = build+ or fuel is wa/$ = want ( conveyance & burnt on ! gr\nd4 ,z a comp5sation !re c be no d\bt t ?is burnt timb]1 or r ! a%es ( x1 supply an excell5t manure4 8,! lab\r employ$ may be di/ribut$ "u ?ree classes4 ,!re are1 fir/ly1 ,malays & ,batak tribesm51 :o fell heavy timb]1 d g5]al cle>ance1 & build %$s2 !n come ! ,kl+s f ! ,madras di/ricts1 :o occupy !mselves ) dra9age & road-mak+2 & la/ly1 we h ! ,*9ese = plant+1 sort+1 & prep>ation ( ! we$4 ,! plant+ is conduct$ on a co-op]ative sy/em4 ,coolies h _! fields allott$ to !m1 & plant at _! own risk "u sup]vision4 ,_! paym5t dep5ds on ! yield4 ,reckon+ f ! e/imat$ out-turn ( la/ ye>'s crop1 & t "o coolie w raise sev5 piculs ( tobacco 9 ! season1 we arrive at ! figure #bc1jjj z repres5t+ ! total numb] ( ,*9ese engag$ at ,deli 9 tobacco cultivation1 to :i* numb] #gjjj extra h&s mu/ be add$1 employ$ 9 pursuits incid5tal to ! indu/ry4 #cjjj additional ,*9ese coolies are report$ to h be5 engag$ = ! com+ ye>4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ,kl+ community may be tak5 at ab\t #cjjj4 ,! ,*9am5 g into _! cle>+s & beg9 "w dur+ ,janu>y & ,febru>y3 ^? n actually 9 s]vice on ! tobacco e/ates e>n+ money z %opkeep]s1 p$l>s1 or g>d5]s1 _m ( ! latt] be+ old h&s :o1 "u advances1 h tak5 to plant+ pat*es ( tobacco on _! own acc\nt1 = :i* !y f9d a ready sale 9 ,p5ang4 ,! ,kl+s are also to be met ) z driv]s ( c>ts & c>riages4 8,an indu/ri\s coolie w\ld1 on an av]age1 net 9 ! c\rse ( a ye> #ajj to #aej ,dut* flor9s1 & on ?is sum he pays to ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t #b p] c5t4 by way ( income tax4 ,! coolie1 h[ev]1 arrives 9 ! c\ntry ) a debt ( f #ajj fl4 to #aej fl41 & ?us z a rule is n cle> & able to leave ) a balance 9 h& till ! end ( ! second ye>4 ,! coolie is engag$ = a ye>1 b he g5]ally re-engages1 & takes 8 dep>ture 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird ye>4 8,! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t regulations ) reg>d to ! ma9t5ance ( a m$ical man by e e/ate & to ! erection ( hospitals = sick coolies are /r+5t2 &1 on ! :ole1 ! coolie-l9es1 consid]+ _! tempor>y nature1 are adequate1 s t ! lot ( ! coolie 9 ,deli may be reg>d$ z a fav\rable "o1 ev5 :5 comp>$ ) places :]e he is "u ,briti% control4 8,! import+ ( ,briti% ,indians1 z is well kn[n1 is n tol]at$1 ?\gh _m h f\nd _! way into ! c\ntry "u ! /imulus ( high wages1 ! latt] runn+ f #g dol4 to #aj dol4 a mon?1 accord+ to capacity40 ,! foll[+ report by ,consul ,eck/e9 on ! export ( ,sumatran tobacco to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ,dut* deal+s 9 ! same 9 #ahhb w be ( int]e/4 ,consul ,eck/e9 says 8x is n q ?ree ye>s s9ce a few deal]s 9 tobacco & manufactur]s ( cig>s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h fir/ _! att5tion attract$ to ,sumatra tobacco1 ) a view ( introduc+ & us+ x = cig>-wrapp]s4 8,f ?is port %ipm5ts ( ! article began to be made dur+ ! latt] half ( ! ye> #ahhj1 &1 consid]+ t ?is trade has only s rec5tly tak5 its rise1 & t by ?is "t x has already assum$ r important proportions1 ,i felt call$ ^u to prep>e ! pres5t report1 giv+ "s in=mation conc]n+ ! same4 8,9 ord] to %[1 z ne>ly correct z possible1 ! c\rse ?is trade has tak5 f its comm5cem5t to ! pres5t "t1 ,i made up ! foll[+ /atem5t1 :i* exhibits ! quantity & value ( su* tobacco %ipp$ f ,am/]dam to ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ea* qu>t] s9ce su* %ipm5ts fir/ began to be made1 viz43-- ,qu>t]s end+-- ,quantities4 ,value4 ,bales4 ,septemb] #cj1 #ahhj #caa #cg1fid ,decemb] #ca1 #ahhj #ded #eb1aac ---------------- ---------------- ,total #gfe #hi1hjg ---------------- ---------------- ,m>* #ca1 #ahha ,none4 ,none4 ,june #cj1 #ahha #eeh #ef1ieh ,septemb] #cj1 #ahha #a1afb #abh1dgd ,decemb] #ca1 #ahha #a1jei #aad1geh ---------------- ---------------- ,total #b1ggi #cjj1aij ---------------- ---------------- ,m>* #ca1 #ahhb #dif #eb1bjc ,june #cj1 #ahhb #a1dfd #adj1ahd ,septemb] #cj1 #ahhb #b1bde #bed1cgb ,decemb] #ca1 #ahhb #b1ghe #ccc1bed ---------------- ---------------- ,total #f1iij #ghj1jac 8,f ?is /atem5t x w be obs]v$ t ! export ( ! article to ! ,unit$ ,/ates is con/antly & v l>gely increas+2 & :5 x is fur!r tak5 into acc\nt t c]ta9 quantities ( x 7 invoic$ & %ipp$ f ,rott]dam & ,brem5 z well1 x may safely be /at$ t ab\t #ijjj bales ( ,sumatra tobacco ent]$ our m>kets 9 #ahhb4 8,:at has creat$1 increas$1 & :at su/a9s ?is trade appe>s to be3 8#a/4 ,t c]ta9 qualities ( ,sumatra tobacco 9 c]ta9 d>k col\rs h be5 f\nd to be peculi>ly & advantage\sly adaptable = cig>-wrapp]s1 & are ga9+ m & m 9 fav\r ) manufactur]s ( cig>s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 8#bnd4 ,! ev]-increas+ crops ( ! article1 ?us also increas+ ! supply ( ! p>ticul> sorts especially suitable = ! ,am]ican m>ket4 8,! rec5t animation 9 ?is trade has und\bt$ly fur!rmore be5 /imulat$ by ! removal ( ! #aj p] c5t4 discrim9at+ duty1 =m]ly payable !reon1 be+ a product ( ! ,ea/ ,indies1 export$ f ! we/ ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 8,?is w be cle>ly evid5t :5 ,i /ate t _m %ipm5ts1 aggregat+ l>ge quantities ( ?is tobacco1 pur*as$ or ord]$ = mon?s la/ pa/1 7 purposely delay$ until late 9 ,decemb]1 s z n to arrive until aft] ! law aboli%+ ! discrim9at+ duty _h gone into effect4 8,?is unlook$-= introduction & n[ s consid]able export ( ?is /aple into ! ,unit$ ,/ates has begun to be view$ ) great disfav\r by cultivators or gr[]s ( #8se$-leaf' tobacco 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,!y appreh5d1 z ,i am in=m$1 t ! imports ( ,sumatra tobacco into our c\ntry w increase /ill fur!r 9 ! ne> future1 & seem to consid] ?is w\ld prove greatly detrim5tal to _! int]e/s4 8,i am h>dly 9 position or prep>$ to express an op9ion z to h[ well gr\nd$ or ju/ifi$ _! fe>s really are1 &1 moreov]1 am incl9$ to believe t ! int]e/$ p>ties are ! bett] judges ( ?is matt]1 b s f> z ,i c possibly make myself s]viceable by giv+ in=mation :i* may assi/ !m 9 rea*+ correct conclusions on ! subject ,i deem x my duty to d1 & d *e]fully4 8,su* in=mation may possibly also be ( "s value to ,congress 9 its pres5t consid]ation ( our t>iff :5 ! article ( #8leaf-tobacco' is rea*$4 8,?us ,i w\ld report t up to ! pres5t ! production ( ! article has increas$ f ye> to ye> )\t any int]mission f ! beg9n+ ( its cultivation 9 ,sumatra 9 #ahfe1 :5 x am\nt$ to only #ahi bales4 8,9 ?is connection ,i w\ld respectfully ref] & call att5tion to my report on #8,! tobacco trade ( ! ,ne!rl&s 9 #ahha1' dat$ ,m>* #g1 #ahhb1 & pr9t$ 9 ! volume ( mon?ly consul> comm]cial reports ,no4 #ah1 ( ,april la/1 z x conta9s a /atem5t %[+ ! crops ( ,sumatra tobacco ea* ye> f #ahfe to #ahhj1 inclusive1 & ! av]age prices realiz$ f its sale4 8,! crop ( #ahha is repres5t$ to h foot$ up #hb1cef bales1 valu$ 7approximately7 at #e1gia1hhj dol41 be+ an increase ov] ! crop ( ! previ\s ye> 7#ahhj7 ( #ag1dcc bales z to quantity1 & ( #a1bfj1jjj dol4 z to ! approximate value !re(4 8,f ! =ego+ x w be se5 t ab\t "o-n9? ( ! :ole crop ( #ahha has be5 export$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,! entire crop1 except+ ab\t #agjj bales rema9+ 9 ! h&s ( ! orig9al import]s or consignees "h1 on ,decemb] #ca1 #ahhb1 0 dispos$ ( at an advance ( ab\t #a c5t1 ,unit$ ,/ates curr5cy1 9 ! av]age price z comp>$ ) t realiz$ 9 #ahha = ! crop ( #ahhj2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! total crop ( #ahhj br\ght on ! av]age ab\t #de c5ts1 :]eas ! crop ( #ahha av]ag$ ab\t #df c5ts1 ,unit$ ,/ates curr5cy1 p] half-kilogram4 8,?is ref]s to ! prices orig9ally obta9$ at ! v>i\s sales ?r\gh\t ! ye> by ! import]s or consignees1 fir/ h&s4 8,z reg>ds ! prices = ! p>ticul> sorts :i* dur+ ! ye> f\nd _! way to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & :i* are usually pur*as$ f q a numb] ( firms 9 ! :olesale tobacco trade ?r\gh ! m$iation ( brok]s1 !y diff]$ all ! way f ab\t #de c5ts to #ie c5ts1 ,unit$ ,/ates curr5cy1 = ! half-kilogram4 8,?9k+ x might prove int]e/+1 if n important1 to p>ties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any way conc]n$ 9 ?is matt]1 to be in=m$ z to ! ext5t & quality ( ! crop ( #ahhb1 ,i made inquiries relat+ to x1 & asc]ta9$ z foll[s1 viz43--#8,t :il/ x is impossible to /ate1 at ?is e>ly day1 ) accuracy ! yield ( ! crop1 x is g5]ally consid]$ & expect$ to h be5 aga9 9 excess ov] ! previ\s "o1 & t x am\nts to ab\t #ij1jjj bales4' 8,its quality is repres5t$ by ! plant]s to be v good1 z f> z !y are able to judge2 b ?is c1 ( c\rse1 only be det]m9$ lat] on1 aft] ! tobacco has gone ?r\gh ! process ( f]m5tation4 8,! fir/ p>cels ( ?is new crop w arrive "h ab\t ! mon? ( ,m>* next1 & w be (f]$ = sale ab\t a mon? or six mon?s !reaft]4 8,9 conclud+ ?is report1 ,i w\ld rem>k t ! ye> #ahhb has be5 a mo/ fav\rable "o = tobacco plant]s 9 ,sumatra & = ^? int]e/$ 9 tobacco plantations !re1 & s h ^? connect$ ) ! trade "h realiz$ h&somely by ! ye>'s op]ations4 8,i am1 !re=e1 induc$ to /ate t s long z ! pres5t g5]al dem& = ! article cont9ues !re w be nei!r lack ( capital nor lab\r1 s long z ei!r c contribute to an increase 9 its production1 & x w\ld seem to be m a "q z to ! ext5t ( acreage 9 ,sumatra adapt$ = its cultivation1 z only once 9 f\r or five ye>s a crop c be rais$ on ! same soil )\t dang] ( produc+ a v inf]ior quality ( tobacco40 ,turkey4--,! ,turki% empire has long be5 kn[n z produc+ "s ( ! f9e/ tobaccos 9 ! _w4 ,9 ! sanjac ( ,drama1 :i* =ms ! vice-consul> di/rict ( ,cavalla1 tobacco is ! /aple article ( production & indu/ry1 & "s #ge1jjj acres 7 devot$ to its culture 9 #ahgc4 ,! :ole crop ( #ahga 0 reckon$ at #aa1bjj1jjj lb41 ! exports hav+ be5 #g1fjj1jjj lb41 value #cg1hbel4 ,! tobacco ( ?is di/rict1 ?\gh d]iv$ entirely f "o species1 is divid$ into two classes1 kn[n z ,drama & ,y5idji4 ,! =m] leaf is l>g]1 /\t]1 & m pot5t1 & g5]ally ( deep r$di%-br[n col\r2 ! latt] is small]1 slight]1 less n>cotic1 ) a peculi>ly delicate aroma1 & ! be/ is ( a ri* yell[ col\r1 :5ce its "n 8gold5-leaf40 ,! ,drama k9d is pr9cipally gr[n 9 ! we/]n portion ( ! di/rict1 & is ! class suppli$ to ,european m>kets4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! two k9ds seem to be due solely to ! soil4 ,! plantations 9 ! ,drama di/rict prop] occupy bo? pla9 & hill-side4 ,! produce ( ! =m] is mu* ! m consid]able1 & sup]ior4 ,! be/ leaves1 di/+ui%$ by a /rong] & m sub/antial texture1 & a d>k-r$ hue1 g to ,con/ant9ople2 ! inf]ior & light]-col\r$ f9d a sale 9 ,russia4 ,! m\nta9 product is mu* inf]ior 9 quality & is s5t *iefly to ,europe4 ,:5 ! leaves are petiolate1 or furni%$ ) /ems1 !y are made up 9 manoks 78h&s07 ( #aj-ae1 & t]m$ ba%i-baghli 78head-ti$072 :5 ! leaves are sessile1 or devoid ( /ems1 !y are simply press$ toge!r 9 small numb]s1 & call$ bassma4 ,! :ole produce ( ?is locality v>ies f #b1ajj1jjj to #b1dej1jjj lb4 ye>ly4 ,! gr[? obta9$ 9 ! ,vale ( ,pravi/a is kn[n z ,demirli4 ,x is inf]ior1 unsub/antial1 & d>k-col\r$1 & usually made up z ba%i-baghli4 ,! annual production is ab\t #b million lb42 ! exports to ,engl& 7 #a1fjj1jjj lb4 9 #ahga4 ,cavalla af=ds ye>ly ab\t #cjj1jjj lb4 ( inf]ior quality1 *iefly z ba%i-baghli1 & mo/ly consum$ locally4 ,! %ipp+ port = all ^! places is ,cavalla4 ,! di/rict ( ,s>i%aban produces on ! av]age ab\t #b1jjj1jjj lb4 annually1 b ! crop ( #ahga rea*$ #b1hjj1jjj lb4 ,ab\t is z ba%i-baghli4 ,t gr[n on ! pla9 & hills is t]m$ ghynbek1 & =ms ! bulk2 t f ! slopes1 ab\t #ejj1jjj lb4 a ye>1 is ! be/1 & is kn[n z ghubek4 ,all is pack$ up 9 small bogh*as 7p>cels71 ( #cj-ej lb41 :i* are di/+ui%$ z byaz1 f ! :ite cotton wrapp]s us$ = ! be/ sort1 & k5avir1 f ! canvas cov]+s ( ! inf]ior k9ds4 ,! be/ goes to ,con/ant9ople1 second>y to ,smyrna & o!r home m>kets1 & ! wor/ to ,europe4 ,! di/rict ( ,y5idji1 ne> ! ,gulf ( ,lagos1 af=ds "s #c1ejj1jjj lb4 p] annum1 *iefly z bassma1 & be>+ a v g5]al resemblance to ! produce ( ,s>i%aban4 ,! be/ goes to ,con/ant9ople & ,russia4 ,ghiumirg9a 7,ghumurdj9a1 or ,komulds9a7 gr[s ab\t #cjj1jjj lb4 ye>ly ( d>k-col\r$ bassma1 ( ! ,drama class1 :i* is us$ locally2 & ,sultan-,y]i gives #djj1jjj lb4 ( /ill d>k] ba%i-baghli4 ,! produce ( ^! di/ricts is %ipp$ at ,lagos 7,k>agat*7 or ,cavalla4 ,! mo/ delicate & valu$ ( all ! tobaccos rais$ 9 ?is portion ( ,european ,turkey is ! celebrat$ 8gold5 leaf0 f ! caza ( ,y5idji1 on ! ,y>d> 7,ne/us7 riv]4 ,aft] x1 9 decl9+ ord]1 come ! products ( ,drama1 ,p]soccian1 ,s>i%aban1 ,cavalla1 & ,pravi/a4 ,( ! :ole ,drama & ,y5idji produce1 x is e/imat$ t ,au/ro-,hung>y takes #dj p] c5t4 ,italy buys annually ab\t #aej1jjj-bjj1jjj kilo4 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,switz]l& receive v little4 ,russia is a l>ge cu/om]4 ,be=e ! w>1 consid]able quantities 7 s5t to ! c\ntries on ! ,l[] ,danube4 ,engl& imports e ye> "s #aj1jjj bales1 or #djj1jjj okes 7( #bhc lb47 ( ,pravi/a tobacco4 ,! refusa1 or wa/e leaves1 c41 is s5t ev]y:]e = mak+ into cig>ettes1 mo/ l>gely p]haps to ,egypt4 ,a k9d ( tobacco kn[n z ayias\l\k is gr[n 9 consid]able quantities 9 ! opium di/ricts1 almo/ exclusively = export to ,europe1 ! natives hav+ a /rong prejudice aga9/ x4 ,! necessity = manur+ is well und]/ood by ! ,turks4 ,!y dress ! se$-b$s ) goat- & %eep-dung1 & manure ! fields dur+ w9t] ) horse- & cattle-dung4 ,9 ! spr+1 %eep & goats are fold$ on ! l&4 ,! soil ( tobacco l&s w be f\nd q impregnat$ )1 ammonia & nitrate ( pota%1 bo? absorb$ by ! plant2 ! =m] is ?\ght to influ5ce ! aroma1 & ! latt] may be se5 9 cry/als on ! surface ( ! dri$ leaf4 ,9 ord] to keep ! leaves small & delicate1 ! plant+ is p]=m$ v close1 ! usual di/ances be+ #e in*es ap>t1 & #i in*es betwe5 ! r[s4 ,! di/rict ( ,latakia1 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,syria1 has long be5 celebrat$ = its tobacco1 :i* is ! *ief product ( ! m\nta9\s "p4 ,!re are sev]al k9ds3--7#a7 ,abu ,riha or ,dgebeli1 f\nd 9 its be/ /ate among ! m\nta9s ( ! ,ness]ies 7,ans>ies71 :i* possesses a peculi> & mu*-admir$ aroma1 d]iv$ f its be+ expos$1 f ,novemb] to ,april1 to ! smoke ( fires ( oz] 7,qu]cus ,ilex1 or ,q4 ,c]ris72 7#b7 ,dgid>1 includ+ a numb] ( k9ds1 ( m$ium /r5g?1 & 9 great fav\r locally on acc\nt ( its l[ price2 7#c7 ,s*eik-el-,b5t1 almo/ equal to ,abu-,riha1 & (t5 sub/itut$ = x4 ,! pla9 ( ,k\ra is rem>kable = its tobaccos1 :i* are r /rong1 b mu* admir$4 ,! villages ( ,lebail & ,s]ai produce bett] tobacco ?an ,k\ra4 ,! di/rict ( ,gebail 7,gebel7 9 ,kesrasan 7,ca/ravan7 af=ds ! be/ & de>e/ tobacco 9 ,syria2 x is v brittle1 & its a% is q :ite4 ,! c\ntry s\? ( ,lebanon yields v ord9>y qualities1 kn[n z ,salili1 ,tanon1 & ,takib1 or g5]ically z ,b]raoni2 ^! are mix$ ) /rong] k9ds = use4 ,! be/ ( ! ,abu-,riha is yield$ by ! plant call$ ,k>n-el-,gazel2 ! second quality is t]m$ ,bonati4 ,! exports ( tobacco f ,alex&retta 9 #ahgi 73--,to ,egypt1 #ia tons1 value #fchjl42 ,turkey1 #bd tons1 #aibjl42 ,engl&1 #ea tons1 #beejl42 ,france1 #a ton1 #hjl4 ,! exports f ,aleppo 9 #ahgh 7 #cj tons1 value #abjjl41 to ,great ,brita94 ,! yield ( ! crop 9 ,!ssaly 0 #a1aaf1jjj okes 7( #bhc lb47 9 #ahgg1 #baj1jjj 9 #ahgh1 & #hij1jjj 9 #ahgi4 ,! crop ( ,prevesa 9 #ahgh 0 #djjj okes1 value #bael4 ,! exports f ,d$eagat* 7 ab\t #bfj bales1 value #ajjjl41 9 #ahgh2 & #fjj bales1 value #bdjjl41 9 #ahgi4 ,consid]able quantities are gr[n ar\nd ,s9ope4 ,tobacco is "o ( ! pr9cipal products ( ! di/rict ( ,sams\n1 & is ( good quality4 ,! av]age yield is #g1jjj1jjj lb4 ye>ly4 ,x is gr[n ne> ! sea-%ore1 & n ea/w>d ( ,yomurah1 at ,mat*ka & ,trebizonde1 & especially at ,ak*-,abad4 ,b ! aggregate crop 9 ^! localities is h>dly ( ! quantity produc$ at ,sams\n1 & ! quality is f> inf]ior4 ,! ,sams\n product is usually pur*as$ l>gely on acc\nt ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4 ,! exports f ,sams\n 9 #ahgh 73--,to ,turkey1 #b1fhj1jjj kilo41 value #afj1hjjl42 ,france1 #ehc1ejj kilo41 #bh1jjhl42 ,russia1 #ege1jjj kilo41 #eg1ejjl42 ,g]many1 #djj1jjj kilo41 #gbjjl42 ,au/ria1 #cbg1bbj kilo41 #ca1bffl42 ,great ,brita91 #hg1efg kilo41 #aegfl42 total1 #d1fec1bhg kilo41 #bhf1cejl4 ,! exports ( ,turkey-produc$ tobacco f ,trebizonde 9 #ahgi 73--,to ,turkey1 #ad1hfd cwt41 value #dd1eibl42 ,russia1 #hff cwt41 #beihl42 ,great ,brita91 #dij cwt41 #adgjl42 ,au/ria & ,g]many1 #bjd cwt41 #fabl42 total1 #af1dbd cwt41 #di1bgbl4 ,9 #ahhd1 ,damascus import$ #acac sacks ( tumbeki1 value #afgdl41 f ,bagdad4 ,9 ! same ye> ,erz]\m import$ #ijjj okes1 value #ajijl41 f ,p]sia4 ,! leaf gr[n by ! ,h]ki ,kurds & o!r cultivators 9 & ar\nd ! di/rict ( ,%emd9a is highly priz$ 9 ,p]sia4 ,9 #ahhd1 ! fir/ ye> ( _! op]ations1 ! employs ( ! tobacco ,rgie only succe$$ 9 regi/]+ a yield ( #be1jjj okes1 b ?is am\nt repres5ts less ?an a fif? ( ! e/imat$ produce ( ! vilayet4 ,x is believ$1 h[ev]1 t #hjjj-aj1jjjl4 ,turki% wor? ( ,%emd9a tobacco annually crosses ! fronti] into ,p]sia4 ,trebizonde exports 9 #ahhd 7 #bj1afg cwt41 value #ef1hdil4 ,inf]ior qualities are s5t to ,europe1 good ones rema9 9 ,turkey1 & ! be/ g to ,egypt4 ,! %ipm5ts f ,sams\n 9 #ahhd 7 z foll[s3-- ,price4 cwt4 4 s4 d4 ,to ,turkey #bi1bajd #j #j #aaf1hdj ,au/ria #h1edje #j #j #db1gjj ,france #e1gefa #d #b #aa1eab ,egypt #d1agfd #j #j #af1gjd ,g]many #c1egia #h #f #e1jif ,russia #a1gcjf #j #j #aj1chj ,great ,brita9 #hcba #d #b #a1jjb ,holl& #gaba #ab #j #a1adj ,greece #dafc #j #j #a1bdh -------------- -------------- #ed1iea #bjf1fbb ,unit$ ,/ates4--,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica occupy ! =emo/ rank among tobacco-gr[+ c\ntries4 ,! areas & productions h be5 z foll[s3--#ahge1 #eei1jdi acres1 #cgi1cdg1jjj lb42 #ahgf1 #edj1deg acres1 #cha1jjb1jjj lb42 #ahgg1 #gbj1cdd acres1 #dhi1jjj1jjj lb42 #ahgh1 #edb1hej acres1 #cib1edf1gjj lb4 ,! crop ( #ahge 79 millions ( lb47 0 ?us contribut$3--,k5tucky1 #acj2 ,virg9ia1 #eg2 ,miss\ri1 #dj2 ,t5nessee1 #ce2 ,m>yl&1 #bb2 ,p5nsylvania1 #af2 ,n4 ,c>ol9a1 #ad2 ,ohio1 #ac2 ,indiana1 #ab2 ,connecticut1 #aj2 ,massa*usetts1 #h2 ,ill9ois1 #h4 ,! av]age yields 79 lb4 p] acre7 ( ! v>i\s di/ricts 9 #ahge 73--,connecticut1 #afjj2 ,p5nsylvania1 #afjj2 ,new ,hamp%ire1 #afjj2 ,massa*usetts1 #acej2 ,miss\ri1 #hej2 ,arkansas1 #hbb2 ,new ,york1 #hjj2 ,florida1 #gej2 ,ohio1 #gjj2 ,w4 ,virg9ia1 #fhj2 ,m>yl&1 #fge2 ,t5nessee1 #fge2 ,kansas1 #fgj2 ,texas1 #fej2 ,k5tucky1 #fcj2 ,virg9ia1 #fcj2 ,ill9ois1 #eej2 ,georgia1 #eej2 ,n4 ,c>ol9a1 #ejj2 ,indiana1 #ejj2 ,wiscons91 #ejj2 ,alabama1 #dfe2 ,mississippi1 #cag4 ,! exports f ,new ,york 9 #ahgh 73--#cg1dhd hog%eads1 #befa bales1 & #b1bah1bjj lb4 manufactur$1 to ,great ,brita92 #ae1egj hh41 #bjg bales1 & #ad1hjj lb4 manufactur$1 to ,france2 #ce1gjj hh41 #gh1cca bales1 & #adg1djj lb4 manufactur$1 to ,n4 ,europe 2 #bc1aej hh41 #fjeh bales1 & #abj1jjj lb4 manufactur$1 to o!r ,europe2 #dfbh hh41 #ad1cfj bales1 & #d1ghj1bjj lb4 manufactur$1 to ,s4 ,am]ica1 ,e4 & ,w4 ,indies1 c4 ,baltimore export$ #ff1jci hh4 9 #ahgh4 ,! %ipm5ts f ,new ,orleans 9 #ahgg-h 73--#abbf hh4 to ,great ,brita91 #gdc to ,france1 #deeb to ,n4 ,europe1 #cbbb to ,s4 ,europe1 ,mexico1 c41 & #dejj coa/wise4 ,philadelphia1 9 #ahgi1 export$ #i1efd1aga lb4 ( leaf tobacco1 #eb1jjj cig>s1 & #eae lb4 ( snuff4 ,! total ,am]ican export ( unmanufactur$ leaf 9 #ahgi 0 #cbb1bhj1jjj lb4 ,! c5sus bullet9 on ?is bran* ( indu/ry1 rec5tly issu$1 is ( a v int]e/+ nature4 ,! tobacco product 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is divid$ into classes1 types & grades1 ! basis ( a class be+ its adaptation to any specific purpose2 ( a type1 to c]ta9 qualities or prop]ties 9 ! leaf1 su* z col\r1 /r5g?1 ela/icity1 body or flav\r4 ,x also applies to ! me?od ( cur+1 su* z sun1 air or flue cur+4 ,grades repres5t ! diff]5t qualities ( a type1 & v>y mu* 9 ! sev]al types4 ,! classification ( ,am]ican tobacco is ?reefold1 viz4 dome/ic cig> tobacco & 8smok]s10 *ew+-tobacco1 export tobacco4 ,! dome/ic tobacco trade comprises ! v>i\s k9ds ( se$-leaf ( ,connecticut1 ,new ,engl&1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,wiscons91 ,ill9ois1 ,new ,york1 ,florida & ,ohio1 z well z ! sorts kn[n z ,:ite ,burley 8lugs10 f9e-fibr$ wrapp]s1 ,indiana kite foot1 & ,am]ican-gr[n ,havana4 ,9 ! *ew+ class are includ$ ! f9e-cut & ! plug fill]s1 pr9cipally ( ! ,:ite ,burley type f ,k5tucky1 :ile "u ! head ( export tobacco are ! ,virg9ian bird's-eye cutt+ leaf1 & ! sp9n+ fill]s or %ag4 ,x is curi\s to notice h[ ea* m>ket = export tobacco diff]s 9 its requirem5ts4 ,! 8clos$0 m>kets1 or ^? 9 :i* ! tobacco trade is a monopoly ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 are ,france1 ,italy1 ,au/ria & ,spa94 ,! ,fr5* 8,rgie0 is suppli$ by wrapp]s1 b9d]s & fill]s f ,k5tucky1 ,m>yl& & ,ohio2 ! ,italian ,rgie f ,k5tucky & ,virg9ia2 ! ,au/rian ,rgie by 8/rips0 f ! same ,/ates1 & ! ,spani% ,rgie by common 8lugs40 ,! op5 m>kets are ,g]many1 to :i* are s5t ! tobaccos kn[n z ,g]man sauc] & sp9n]s2 ,ohio & ,m>yl&1 spangl$ cig>-wrapp]s & 8smok]s0 fat lugs2 ,switz]l&1 :i* is suppli$ ) ,virg9ian or ,we/]n wrapp]s & fill]s2 ,holl&1 ) ,dut* sauc] 7a mottl$ ,virg9ia1 ,k5tucky or ,t5nessee leaf72 ,belgium1 ) ,belgian cutt] 7a light1 yell[i%-br[n leaf1 well fir$72 ,norway & ,sw$51 ) heavy types1 ma9ly us$ = sp9n+ & 8sauc+40 ,k5tucky1 :i* /&s fir/ ( all ! ,/ates = production1 ! annual produce be+ #aga1abj1ghd lb41 ga9s h] *ief pr(its f ! :ite burley & yell[ wrapp]2 ,ill9ois1 f ! production ( ! se$-leaf2 ,miss\ri1 f sweet fill]s & :ite burley2 ,virg9ia1 f yell[ wrapp]s1 bright 8smok]s10 sun1 air & flue-cur$ fill]s4 ,decid$ly ! mo/ prosp]\s tobacco ,/ates are ^? t gr[ types suitable = dome/ic consumption1 :ile ^? t gr[ x ma9ly = exportation /& l[ 9 ! scale1 ! m>g9 ( pr(it "u ?is head be+ r$uc$ v l[4 ,accord+ to ! rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,gideon ,moore1 ! l>ge/ am\nt ( nicot9e is conta9$ 9 ! ,virg9ian heavily manur$ lots 7#eha p] c5t471 :ile ! ,virg9ian heavy ,engli% %ipp+ has #dgb1 ! ,new ,york dome/ic ,havana b #bec1 ! ,connecticut se$-leaf #aad1 :ile ! smalle/ am\nt ( all is f\nd 9 ! little ,dut* tobacco ( ! ,miami valley1 #jfc4 ,pr(its 9 ! culture ( tobacco h be5 9 direct proportion--fir/ to its suitabl5ess to dome/ic consumption2 &1 secondly1 to ! am\nt ( f]tilization practis$ by ! gr[]s 9 its cultivation4 ,?is is true 9 e case1 except ! yell[ tobacco di/ricts ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,virg9ia1 :]e pov]ty 9 ! soil is a condition ( success 9 ! production ( quality4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,t4 ,ro?rock is ( ! op9ion t ! e>ly natives ( ,cali=nia smok$ ! leaves ( ,nicotiana clevel&ii--a species only q rec5tly describ$ by ,pr(essor ,asa ,gray4 ,x is a small plant ) small fl[]s1 & x 0 f\nd by ,pr(essor ,ro?rock only 9 association ) ! %ell heaps :i* occur s abundantly on ! coa/s ( ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,cali=nia4 ,he /ates t p]haps ( all ! rema9s ( ext9ct races s ri*ly furni%$ by t region1 none 7 s common z ! pipes1 usually made ( /one resembl+ s]p5t9e4 ,! tobacco ( ,n4 clevel&ii ,pr(essor ,ro?rock f\nd by exp]i5ce to be excessively /rong4 ,a rec5t report ( ! ,commission] ( ,agriculture conta9s a few pages ( s\nd advice to ,am]ican plant]s on ! managem5t ( ?is crop1 :i* is wor?y ( reproduction "h4 8,! pr9cipal po9ts to be att5d$ to if ! be/ results are to be atta9$ may be /at$ 9 a few p>agraphs--p>agraphs :i*1 :ile ref]r+ ma9ly to %ipp+1 manufactur+1 & smok+ tobacco z con/itut+ n9e-t5?s ( ! tobacco gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 embody pr9ciples & prescribe modes ( managem5t ne>ly id5tical ) ^? to be consid]$ 9 ! treatm5t ( o!r tobaccos4 8,i4 ,select good l& = ! crop2 pl\gh & subsoil x 9 autumn to get ! multipli$ b5efits ( w9t]'s freezes4 ,?is _c be too /rongly urg$4 8,,ii4 ,h e>ly & vigor\s plants & pl5ty ( !m4 ,x 7 bett] to h #ajj1jjj too _m ?an #aj1jjj too few4 ,!y are ! corn]-/one ( ! build+4 ,to make sure ( !m give p]sonal att5tion to ! selection & prep>ation ( ! plant-b$ & to ! c>e ( ! "y plants 9 ! means necess>y to ha/5 _! gr[?1 & to protect !m f ! dread$ fly4 8,,iii4 ,collect manure 9 season & out ( season1 & f e available s\rce--f ! f5ce corn]s1 ! dit*-banks1 ! ur9al1 ! a%-pile4 ,di/ribute x ) a lib]al h&2 no?+ %ort ( pr9cely lib]ality w answ]4 ,pl\gh x "u 7bo? ! home-made & ! comm]cial7 9 ,febru>y1 t x may become ?or\ghly incorporat$ 9 ! soil & be ready to answ] to ! fir/ & e call ( ! gr[+ plant4 ,(t5 7we believe g5]ally7 ! great] "p ( manure appli$ to tobacco--& ?is is true ( ! #8b\ght' f]tiliz] z well z ( t made on ! f>m--is lo/ to t crop f be+ appli$ too late4 ,don't wait to apply y\r de>ly-pur*as$ guano 9 ! hill or ! drill f fe> t1 if appli$ soon]1 x w vani% into ?9 air be=e ! plant ne$s x4 ,?is is an explod$ fallacy4 ,exp]i5ce1 our be/ tea*]1 has demon/rat$ beyond cavil t /able & comm]cial manure are mo/ efficaci\s :5 us$ 9 conjunction4 ,9 no o!r way c !y be s intimately int]mix$ z by pl\gh+ !m "u--! "o broadca/$ on ! o!r--at an e>ly p]iod ( ! prep>ation ( ! tobacco lot4 ,?is second pl\gh+ %\ld n be s deep z ! fir/2 an av]age ( ?ree to f\r in*es is ab\t ! "r dep?4 8,,iv4 ,e>ly 9 ,may 79 ! ma9 tobacco belt to :i* ?is article *iefly ref]s1 t is to say1 betwe5 ! ?irty-fif? & =tie? p>allels ( nor? latitude71 re-pl\gh ! l& to ab\t ! dep? ( ! ,febru>y pl\gh+1 & drag & cross-drag1 &1 if ne$ be1 drag x aga91 until ! soil is br\ght to ! f9e/ possible til?4 ,?us y augm5t _m fold ! probabilities ( a #8/&' on ! fir/ plant+1 & less5 mat]ially ! subsequ5t lab\r ( cultivation4 ,plant on #8li/s' 7n>r[ b$s made by ?r[+ f\r furr[s toge!r ) ! m\ld-bo>d pl\gh7 r ?an 9 hills1 if = no o!r reason ?an t hav+ n[1 if nev] be=e1 to pay wages 9 "s %ape to lab\r1 :5ev] & :]ev] possible horse-p[] %\ld be sub/itut$ = man-p[]--! pl\gh = ! hoe4 8,v4 ,plant z e>ly z possible aft] a cont9uance ( pleasant spr+ wea!r is assur$4 ,seek to h a =w>d crop1 z ! b5efits claim$ = a late "o f ! fall dews d n comp5sate = ! _m advantages result+ f e>ly maturity4 ,make x an inflexible rule to plant no tobacco aft] ! #aj? ( ,july--we mean1 ( c\rse1 9 ! tobacco belt we h nam$4 ,:]e "o good crop is made f lat] plant+ n9ety-n9e prove utt] failures4 ,f> bett] rub out & />t afre% ! next ye>4 ,take pa9s 9 transplant+1 t little or no replant+ may be necess>y4 ,! cut-worm be+ a prime cause ( mo/ ( ! tr\ble 9 secur+ a /&1 hunt x assidu\sly & p>ticul>ly 9 ! e>ly morn+ :5 x c mo/ readily be f\nd4 8,,vi4 ,keep ! grass & we$s d[n1 & ! soil loose & mell[ by frequ5t /irr+1 avoid+ z mu* z possible cutt+ & te>+ ! roots ( ! plant 9 all /ages ( its gr[?1 & m especially aft] topp+4 ,:5 at all practicable--&1 ) ! great improvem5t 9 cultivators1 sweeps1 & o!r f>m implem5ts1 x is (t5] practicable ?an g5]ally suppos$--sub/itute = h&-"w 9 cultivation t ( ! horse4 ,! diff]5ce 9 co/ w tell 9 ! balance-%eet at ! close ( ! op]ation4 8,,vii4 ,att5d closely to #8worm+1' = on x h+es 9 no little degree ! quality & quantity ( tobacco y w h = sale4 ,a worm-eat5 crop br+s no money4 ,s important is ?is op]ation t x may prop]ly claim m ?an a pass+ notice4 ,n only is x ! mo/ t$i\s1 ! mo/ unremitt+1 & ! mo/ exp5sive op]ation connect$ ) ! production ( tobacco1 b ! necessity = x det]m9es m ?an all o!r causes ! limit ( ! crop :i* 9 g5]al x has be5 f\nd possible = a s+le h& to manage4 ,!re=e br+ to y\r aid e possible adjunct 9 dim9i%+ ! numb] ( worms4 ,use poison = kill+ ! mo? 9 ! mann] s frequ5tly describ$ 9 treatises on tobacco1 to wit1 by inject+ a solution ( cobalt or o!r deadly drug into ! fl[] ( ! ,jame/[n or #8jimson' we$ 7,datura /ramonium71 if necess>y plant+ se$s ( ! we$ = ! purpose4 ,employ at night ! flames ( lamps1 ( tor*es1 or ( huge bonfires1 9 :i* ! mo? may f9d a quick & c]ta9 dea?4 8,9 worm+1 sp>e ^? worms f\nd cov]$ ) a :ite film or net-l sub/ance1 ?is be+ ! cocoon produc+ ! i*neumon-fly1 an enemy to ! worm likely to prove a valuable ally to ! plant] 9 8 w> ( ext]m9ation4 8,turn y\r flock ( turkeys into ! tobacco-field1 t !y1 too1 may prey ^u ! pe/1 & !mselves gr[ fat 9 s do+4 8,if ^! rem$ies %\ld fail1 spr9kle dilut$ spirits ( turp5t9e ov] ! plant ?r\gh ! rose ( a wat]+-pot1 a h]culean task truly 9 a l>ge crop1 b m]e *ild's play to ! h&-pick+ process1 = ! "o spr9kl+ suffices to keep (f ! worms = all "t1 :]eas ! h&-pick+ is a cont9ual r\nd ( exp5sive lab\r f ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ worm until ! la/ plant has be5 c>ri$ to ! b>n4 ,we h no idea t su* spr9kl+ w at all affect ! od\r or flav\r ( ! tobacco :5 cur$4 8,if1 z /at$ by a writ] 9 a ,cali=nia pap]1 ! well-kn[n #8yell[-jacket' be useful 9 de/roy+ tobacco-worms1 by all means w9 x z an ally4 ,z prov+ its usefulness1 ! writ] ass]ts t "o ( 8 neighb\rs1 a ,mr4 ,culp1 d>+ fifte5 ye>s gr[+ tobacco1 has nev] exp5d$ a doll> = lab\r to de/roy ! worm1 tru/+ all to ?is little workman1 :o1 he says1 c>efully se>*es ! plants = ! worms1 & nev] all[s "o to escape its vigilance4 8,we _c speak f our own exp]i5ce z to _m ( ^! sugge/$ means = ov]com+ ! horn-worm1 b we h no hesitation 9 say+ to ! f>m]1 try any1 try all ( !m r ?an h y\r crop eat5 to %r$s1 & ! lab\r ( m ?an half ! ye> br\ght to naught 9 a few days1 x may be1 by a s+le #8glut' ( worms4 8,,viii4 #8,prime high & top l[4' ,:ile op5 to objection 9 p>ticul> cases1 ev5 ) ! "* ( tobacco *iefly "u consid]ation1 & altoge!r inadmissible1 x may be1 9 ! managem5t ( o!r v>ieties ( tobacco1 ?is is a safe rule1 we ?9k1 to foll[ 9 g5]al practice4 8,we fav\r #8prim+' by all means2 = :5 no prim+ is done ! l[] leaves 7made wor?less by con/ant :ipp+ on ! gr\nd7 s]ve only z a h>b\r = worms1 :i* are ! m difficult to f9d because ( ! increas$ burd5 ( /oop+4 ,moreov]1 if ! bottom leaves be sav$ on ! cut /alk1 z mo/ likely !y w be1 !re is always ! temptation to put !m on ! m>ket2 & aga9/ a sacrilege l ?is we are firmly set1 let o!rs say & ?9k :at !y may4 8,yet ano!r advantage to be ga9$ by ! removal ( ^! bottom leaves1 :i* is :at ! plant] t]ms #8prim+1' is ! increas$ circulation ( air & di/ribution ( light !reby af=d$1 bo? ess5tial factors1 ! m]e/ tyro kn[s1 to ! full developm5t ( plant life4 8#8,topp+' 7! p9*+ (f ) ! f+]-nail ! bud at ! top ( ! plant7 is an op]ation requir+ consid]able skill & judgm5t4 ,let x be p]=m$ only by h&s hav+ ^! pr]equisites4 8,t z _m plants z possible may rip5 at ! same "t 7a desid]atum n to be und]valu$ 9 aim+1 z all %\ld1 at a uni=m crop7 wait until a l>ge numb] ( plants beg9 to button be=e comm5c+ to top4 ,go+ ab\t ?r\gh ! crop1 topp+ a plant "h & !re because x may *ance to h button$ be=e its fell[s1 is a damag+ process n to be tol]at$4 8,no inflexible rule c be giv5 = ! numb] ( leaves t %\ld be left on a plant4 ,all dep5ds ^u ! v>iety ( tobacco1 ! /r5g? ( ! soil1 ! promise ( ! p>ticul> plant1 ! probable seasons & "t left = rip5+1 c4 8,"o ( ! mo/ successful gr[]s ( heavy d>k tobacco we h ev] kn[n1 once /at$ to u 8 conviction1 aft] ye>s ( obs]vation & practice1 t "o ye> ) ano!r1 tak+ ! seasons z !y come1 eight leaves w\ld give a bett] result ?an any o!r numb]4 ,our own exp]i5ce has t5d$ to confirm ?is judgm5t4 8,,ix4 ,see to x t ! suck]s are promptly remov$4 ,x is "w quickly done1 & ) worm+ may con/itute a s+le op]ation4 8,x4 ,we come n[ to consid] ! la/ op]ation 9 ! field1 #8cutt+' ! crop4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 topp+1 a man ( judgm5t1 exp]i5ce1 & fidelity is ne$$4 ,an inexp]i5c$ h&1 "o )\t judgm5t1 & p>ticul>ly "o :o is indiff]5t to ! int]e/s ( 8 employ]1 w sla% away1 "r & left1 n kn[+ or n c>+ :e!r ! tobacco he cuts be ripe or gre51 do+ m damage 9 a few h\rs ?an 8 :ole ye>'s wages w\ld comp5sate =1 ev5 c\ld !y be g>ni%$4 8,!re=e1 be on h& to see = y\rself1 & d n delegate ! duty to any less int]e/$ p>ty1 t a crop manag$ well1 x may be1 s f>1 f ! initial plant-b$1 %\ld n be spoil$ 9 ! clos+ "w by an incompet5t or unfai?ful cutt]4 8,be !re1 too1 to see1 9 ?is supreme h\r1 t injury f sunburn is w>d$ (f by ! timely removal1 to ! %ade1 ( ! plants t h be5 cut1 or by a prop] cov]+1 :]e !y lie1 aga9/ ! scor*+ rays ( ! sun4 ,! neglect ( ?is precaution has play$ havoc ) _m a crop :5 br\ght "u ! auctione]'s hamm]4 8,,xi4 ,we %\ld h no space to describe ! diff]5t me?ods ( #8cur+' tobacco1 z1 = in/ance1 #8sun-cur+1' #8air-cur+1' #8flue-cur+1' #8op5-fire-cur+1' c41 ev5 ?\gh ! :ole subject _h n be5 gone ov] aga9 & aga9 9 previ\s reports ( ?is ,dep>tm5t4 ,we c only say ( ?is op]ation1 z ( all o!rs connect$ ) ! production ( tobacco1 t mu* dep5ds on its prop] do+1 & t1 z mu* z possible1 x %\ld h ! p]sonal sup]9t5d5ce ( ! own]4 8,b ! crop may h be5 br\ght along successfully ev5 to ! completion ( ?is op]ation & #8lack "o ?+ yet1' if x be n n[ prop]ly manipulat$4 8,!re=e1 g y\rself1 bro!r plant]1 into y\r b>ns1 see ) y\r own eyes1 & n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( o!rs2 h&le ) y\r own h&s1 & "k ( a surety t ! tobacco hang+ on ! ti]-poles is 9 prop] ord] = #8/rik+' & #8bulk+1' & act accord+ly4 8,:51 lat] on1 x is be+ #8/ripp$1' #8sort$1' & ti$ into bundles1 or #8h&s1' z !y are (t5 call$1 be !re aga91 propria p]sona1 to see t x is prop]ly class$1 bo? z to col\r & to l5g?1 ! #8lugs' go+ ) lugs1 ! #8%ort' ) %ort1 ! #8long' ) long1 c4 ,in/ruct ^? sort+ t :5 9 d\bt z to :]e a p>ticul> leaf %\ld be put1 to put x at lea/ "o grade l[] ?an !y _h ?\ght ( do+4 ,?us any error w be on ! safe side4 8,prize 9 hog%eads to weigh :at is usually call$ = 9 ! m>ket 9 :i* y sell1 &1 above all1 #8let ! tobacco 9 ea* hog%ead be z ne> alike z possible1 uni=m ?r\gh\t1 s t ! #8sample1' f :atev] po9t x may be tak51 c be reli$ on z repres5t+ ! :ole hog%ead1' & t !re be left no %ad[ ( suspicion t #8ne/+' has be5 attempt$1 or any di%one/ practice ev5 s mu* z w9k$ at4 8,we sum up ! :ole matt] by repeat+3 8#a4 ,t ov]production1 ! production at all1 ( l[ grade tobacco is ! *ief cause ( ! pres5t extremely l[ price ( ! entire commodity4 8#b4 ,t ! plant]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h ! rem$y 9 _! own h&s2 t rem$y be+ ! r$uction ( area1 ?is r$uction to result1 f ! employm5t ( ! means "h sugge/$1 9 increas$ crops2 &1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 ^! increas$ crops to br+ greatly enhanc$ values4 8,! :ole _w wants good tobacco1 & w pay well = x4 ,sc>cely a p on e>? seeks poor tobacco or w buy x at any price4 8,9 a ^w1 !n1 "o acre mu/ be made to yield :at x has hi!rto tak5 two or ?ree acres to produce2 & ?is d\ble or treble quantity mu/ be made 7z1 inde$1 "u good managem5t x c\ld n fail to be7 immeasurably sup]ior 9 quality to t n[ gr[n on ! great] numb] ( acres4 ,ei!r ?is or ! ab&onm5t ( ! crop altoge!r--"o or ! o!r40 ,! exports f ,baltimore 7 #df1bci hog%eads 9 #ahhb1 #dc1fbj 9 #ahhc1 #dc1aib 9 #ahhd4 ,! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 9 #ahhc1 _h #eddj acres "u tobacco1 produc+ #i1jfh1ghi lb41 value #a1agh1idc doll>s2 & ,connecticut1 #hade acres1 #i1egf1hbd lb41 #a1bib1hga doll>s4 ,! production ( ,m9nesota 0 #fe1jhi lb4 9 #ahgi1 #dh1dcg lb4 9 #ahhj1 #gi1fca lb4 9 #ahha1 #fb1hei lb4 9 #ahhb1 #ad1gdd lb4 9 #ahhc4 ,v5ezuela4--,! exports f ,ciudad ,boliv> 71 9 #ahhd1 #acah kilo41 value #ajcg boliv>es1 to ! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies2 #ifah kilo41 #ffia boliv>es1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 #bge1cbi kilo41 #aib1ahh boliv>es1 to ,g]many4 ,! exports ( tobacco f ?is port 9 decades h be53--#g1fej1fef lb4 9 #ahej-ei2 #b1acd1gaa 9 #ahfj-fi2 #c1agj1hab 9 #ahgj-gi4 ,we/ ,indies4--,! ,spani% possessions 9 ! ,we/ ,indies are well kn[n = _! tobacco4 ,! be/ is produc$ on ! vuelta abajo1 or l[-ly+ di/ricts ( ,cuba1 ne> ,havana1 :i* are ye>ly flood$ dur+ ! autumn1 j be=e ! tobacco is transplant$4 ,to ?is fact1 & ! peculi> suitability ( ! seasons1 ! excell5ce ( ?is p>ticul> product is attribut$4 ,! exports f ,havana 9 #ahgh 73--#ic1fjc bales tobacco1 #ge1bab1bfh cig>s1 #bjc1eha bundles cig>ettes1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 #fafi bales tobacco1 #ff1gie1ccj cig>s1 #e1jcd1ggd bundles cig>ettes1 to ,engl&2 #cb1ehb bales tobacco1 #i1eda1dih cig>s1 #acc1jjh bundles cig>ettes1 to ,spa92 #ehb bales tobacco1 #c1hfa1gjj cig>s1 #hbjf bundles cig>ettes1 to ,n4 ,europe2 #efga bales tobacco1 #ah1cbg1jbe cig>s1 #gig1eac bundles cig>ettes1 to ,france2 #da bales tobacco1 #ijj1hej cig>s1 #e1gji1ddb bundles cig>ettes1 to o!r c\ntries4 ,! totals = #ahgh 7 #g1jgh1ijd kilo4 ( tobacco1 #ahb1cef ?\s& cig>s1 & #ab1haf1ijc packets ( cig>ettes2 9 #ahgi1 #f1cga1jad kilo4 ( tobacco1 #ade1hhe ?\s& cig>s1 & #ad1jih1fic packets ( cig>ettes4 ,! tobacco exports 9 #ahgi f ,/4 ,jago de ,cuba 7 #ifec bales to ,brem51 #djae to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7*iefly = ,brem571 & #ahji coa/wise1 total #ae1dgg1 aga9/ #aj1bdi 9 #ahgh4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,pu]to ,rico1 ! tobacco-plant ?rives well1 & ! quality1 especially 9 ! ,rio de la ,plata di/rict1 is v good4 ,9 #ahgh1 ! isl& export$ #h qu9tals 7( #aja lb47 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #cb1aji to ,spa91 #daih to ,g]many1 & #ah1abc to o!r c\ntries4 ,! ,briti% ,we/ ,indies h only rec5tly appreciat$ ! importance ( tobacco cultivation4 ,_m portions ( ,jamaica seem z well fitt$ = x z ! vuelta abajo ( ,cuba1 & already ,jamaica tobacco 9 ! ,hamburg m>ket ranks next to ! be/ ,havana1 & is consid]$ sup]ior to su* ,cuban gr[?s z ,/4 ,jago1 ,manzanillo1 ,y>a1 c4 ,tobacco cultivation may n[ be said to h a place 9 ! indu/ries ( ,jamaica1 a fact ma9ly due to ,cuban refugees4 ,! mo/ ext5sive plantations 9 ! isl& are ,potosi 9 ,/4 ,?omas ,p>i%1 & ,morgan's ,valley 9 ,cl>5don4 ,mu* ( ! produce goes to ! ,g]man m>ket1 ! rema9d] be+ made into cig>s = local consumption1 & said to be q equal to "s ( ! be/ ,cuban br&s4 ,"s exp]im5ts made ) ,bhilsa tobacco h giv5 great satisfaction1 on acc\nt ( ! robu/ habit & imm5se yield ( ! plant4 ,x is especially adapt$ = v wet di/ricts1 & its cultivation w be widely ext5d$1 if ju/ifi$ by its m>ket value4 ,tobacco is1 & = v _m ye>s has be51 gr[n by ! peasantry 9 small pat*es2 f ?is1 !y manufacture a smoke-dri$ leaf1 :i*1 twi/$ toge!r 9 rope =m1 sells readily 9 ! home m>ket4 ,! acreage occupi$ by ! crop 0 #big 9 #ahgd-e1 #ddb 9 #ahge-f1 #cca 9 #ahgf-g1 & #chj 9 #ahgg-h4 ,! slopes ( valleys 9 _m p>ts ( ,dom9ica1 too1 are em95tly suit$ to ?is crop1 p>ticul>ly ! di/rict betwe5 ,roseau & ,gr& ,bay4 ,! exp]im5t ( tobacco culture 9 ,new ,provid5ce on a l>ge scale has n prov$ satisfactory1 ow+ to ! difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 cur+ & prep>+ ! leaf2 ! cig>s made are fit only = local consumption4 ,! exports f ,san ,dom+o 9 #ahhd 7 #aj1eac1idj lb41 value #ffi1ejj doll>s4 ,accord+ to a rec5t ,consul> ,report1 x w\ld seem t 8,cuban tobacco has lo/ its pre/ige ?r\gh =c+ & artificial manures1 & has to su/a9 %>p competition f abroad :]e x =m]ly comm&$ ! m>ket2 & probably "s ye>s mu/ elapse be=e ! soil c recov] f ! excessive & indiscrim9ate use ( artificial f]tiliz]s4 8,a few ye>s ago ! leaf h>ve/$ 9 ! ,vuelta ,abajo 0 n suffici5t to meet ! l>ge dem&1 & 9 ord] to increase ! yield1 gr[]s made use ( guanos ( all sorts1 & ) su* bad results t !y f9d x n[ difficult to place on reasonable t]ms m ?an half1 & sometimes less1 ( _! crops1 at v l[ prices2 9 few localities only ! soil has n be5 spoilt by spuri\s manures1 & ! leaf gr[n !re comm&s v high prices & is w>mly compet$ = by local manufactur]s & buy]s = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,not)/&+ ! la/ crop has be5 ( a bett] quality ?an h]et(ore1 gr[]s 7 compell$ to ab&on ! tobacco cultivation = a c]ta9 "t1 & devote ! gr\nd to o!r purposes4 8,x appe>s t ?is *ange ( cultivation is absorb+ ! f]tiliz]s1 & re/or+ to ! soil its =m] good qualities1 &1 if "o c judge f ! spl5did appe>ance ( ! leaf & ! ready sale x n[ meets )1 x w\ld seem t ! ,vuelta ,abajo fields are rega9+ _! =m] r5[n4 8,?is has be5 a h>d b heal?y lesson ! ,vegu]os are n likely to =get4 ,! soil _c & %\ld n be tax$ beyond a reasonable & natural yield2 any attempt to ! contr>y w\ld only be a repetition ( ! fable ( ! gold5 eggs1 z ! tobacco gr[]s 9 ! ,vuelta ,abajo h _h occasion to le>n to _! co/4 8,t[>ds ! end ( ! ye> buy]s1 influ5c$ by ! p5d+ negotiations ( ! ,spani%-,am]ican ,treaty1 ent]$ ! m>ket & op]at$ ext5sively 9 ! expectation ( a great r$uction ( duties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 pay+ prices above ! e/abli%$ "o1 & :i*1 a few weeks lat]1 !y 7 utt]ly unable to obta94 8,cuban gr[]s compla9 mu* ( heavy pur*ases made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = acc\nt ( ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t = ,p59sul> consumption2 !y say t h[ev] l[ ! class ( ! ,cuban leaf may be1 x mu/ necess>ily be sup]ior to t ( ! ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky tobacco1 & t !y might easily cultivate "h ! quality requir$1 & place x 9 ! m>kets at z l[ a price z any o!r c\ntry4 8,gr[]s are unanim\s 9 d5\nc+ ! action ( "s local m]*ants & cig> manufactur]s 9 =w>d+ at ! op5+ ( ! la/ season samples ( leaf tobacco & cig>s 9 condition t by no means gave a true idea ( ! quality ( ! crop1 & :i* necess>ily gave a result contr>y to ! int]e/s ( all p>ties engag$ 9 ! trade2 & !y e>ne/ly prote/ aga9/ a repetition ( ?is injudici\s ha/e4 8,! total tobacco production is e/imat$ at betwe5 #djj1jjj & #ejj1jjj qu9tals 7"o qu9tal ab\t #ajj lb471 *iefly f ! foll[+ di/ricts3-- ,t]cios4 ,vuelta ,abajo & semi ,vuelta ,abajo #aej1jjj to #bjj1jjj ,p>lida #cj1jjj #ej1jjj ,rem$ios #fj1jjj #he1jjj ,cuba & ,java #be1jjj #ce1jjj ,gib>a #bj1jjj #cj1jjj ,total #bhe1jjj #djj1jjj 7,"o t]cio ab\t #abd lb47 8,z is well kn[n1 t gr[n 9 ! ,vuelta ,abajo or di/rict we/ ( ,havana is ! be/ k9d1 & has giv5 ,cuba its well-e>n$ reputation4 ,ab\t #fg1jjj acres are cultivat$ "u ! d5om9ation4 8,i h no reliable /ati/ics to %[ h[ mu* ( ! raw produce is manufactur$ 9 ! isl&1 probably n m ?an "o-f\r?4 ,v l>ge quantities ( ! leaf are export$ 9 bales & roll$ abroad4 8,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t1 giv5 ! total production & correspond+ result 9 ! manufactur$ =m1 b a small portion ( ! cig>s sold 9 ,europe & else:]e z ,havana cig>s h ! slighte/ claim to a connection ) ,cuba4 8,! *ief & only important manufactories ( ^! cig>s are 9 ,havana1 & mu* c>e & money is exp5d$ 9 produc+ a h&some-look+ article4 ,z mu* z #dj doll>s gold are paid to skill$ lab\r]s p] #ajjj = mak+ up fir/-class goods4 ,ab\t #ag1jjj op]atives are employ$ 9 ?is manufacture 9 ,havana alone4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ e/abli%m5ts "h is t supply+ ! ,h5ry ,clay br&s1 :i* is /at$ to turn out f #hj1jjj to #abj1jjj cig>s daily2 & !re are _m o!rs ( consid]able importance ) a well-e>n$ & old-e/abli%$ reputation = f9e goods4 8,! quality ( tobacco1 l o!r agricultural produce1 dep5ds on seasons1 soil1 & _m natural causes1 :i* may baffle ! mo/ c>eful cultivator4 8,!re are good & bad ye>s2 abundant & scanty crops 9 succession4 8,except 9 ! case ( ! few ri* own]s ( plantations 9 ! be/ di/ricts1 br&s & names are no gu>antees = a p]man5tly good article4 ,ev5 ^! fav\r$ few are expos$ to bad seasons1 if 9 a m9or degree ?an less =tunate hold]s4 8,!re has be5 no really f9e-flav\r$ aromatic leaf h>ve/$ s9ce #ahha4 ,mu* ( t s9ce g>n]$ has be5 simply bad4 8,great hopes are ent]ta9$ ( ! com+ #ahhe crop1 & pres5t indications are 9 fav\r ( ?is assumption4 8,! mann] 9 :i* ! :olesale trade is c>ri$ on 9 ,havana is incompreh5sible to an ord9>y outsid]1 to :om x w\ld appe> t ! manufactur]s pref] a prospective loss abroad to a pres5t & c]ta9 ga9 "h4 ,!y w only execute ord]s1 l>ge or small1 = ca% ov] ! c\nt]1 giv+ no1 or 9 "s cases ! smalle/1 disc\nt4 ,no manufactur$ goods are kept 9 /ock1 b are made to ord] aft] sample1 &1 unless exam9$ 9 w>eh\se be=e deliv]y1 & t means little1 mu/ be paid 9 full on deliv]y1 & ! consequ5ce b too frequ5tly is t1 on arrival at _! de/9ation1 !y d n correspond ) ! sample1 & ! delud$ buy] f9ds t he has made a bad b>ga91 & 7if an ,engli%man7 discov]s t he c\ld h b\ght ! same article *eap] 9 ! ,engli% m>ket ) ! additional advantage ( exam9+ & te/+ ! goods be=e pur*ase4 8,i leave ! solution ( ?is enigma to ! initiat$3 x probably is t ! mak]s consign v l>gely1 & ,london import]s are too exp]i5c$ & too w>y to pay ! full invoice price until well acqua9t$ ) ! w>es1 or !y get l>ge disc\nts refus$ to ! ca% pur*as] 9 ,havana4 8,compla9ts are he>d ( ! depress$ /ate ( ! ,cuban tobacco trade & ( ! l>ge unsold /ocks on h&4 ,i d n ?9k ! trad]s des]ve sympa?y1 nor h !y done any?+ to e>n ! confid5ce ( =eign cu/om]s4 ,my exp]i5ce leads me to advise int5d+ pur*as]s to put 7,i d n advise regul> trad]s7 !mselves 9 ! h&s ( reliable ,london deal]s & avoid all direct pur*ases4 8,intellig5t smok]s ) s5sitive palates w f9d no *eap tobacco "h fit to smoke2 #ejs4 p] #ajj & upw>ds is :at mu/ be paid at pres5t = really f9e-flav\r$ aromatic cig>s2 beyond #hjs4 or #hes4 prices become fancy ones1 & are paid = ! sm>t cases & envelopes4 ,ev5 at ! rates ,i quote x is n easy to f9d :at is want$4 ,!re is abundance ( d>k p[]ful tobacco ( f9e quality at mu* l[] rates1 b n light tobacco ) flav\r or aroma or )\t /r5g?1 su* z ! educat$ 7,i allude to ta/e7 ,engli%man seeks4 ,i believe t only ab\t #aj p] c5t4 ( ! tobacco h>ve/$ 9 ord9>y ye>s is ( ! light col\r ,i ref] to1 h5ce ! difficulty 9 supply+ ! dem&1 & ! artifices resort$ to to supply ! defici5cy4 8,cuba's annual tobacco crop may be e/imat$ z betwe5 #cjj1jjj & #djj1jjj t]cios ( #abe lb4 ea*4 ,ab\t #cj1jjj p]sons are employ$ 9 its cultivation1 & its value :5 h>ve/$ may be fix$ 7accord+ to ye>'s quality7 at betwe5 #h1jjj1jjj & #ab1jjj1jjj dol4 ( #ds4 8,i _c e/imate ! numb] ( p]sons engag$ 9 work+ plantation 7,vegu]os7 & o!r cig>s = home consumption1 nor ! quantity ?us consum$2 b ! high] class ( op]atives employ$ 9 cig>-mak+ = export numb] ab\t #bj1jjj1 & turn out at pres5t probably #bjj1jjj1jjj cig>s annually4 8,! export trade has fall5 (f consid]ably ( late ye>s4 ,9 ! five ye>s1 #ahgj to #ahgd1 ab\t #cej1jjj1jjj cig>s 7 annually %ipp$ to =eign ports1 :]eas 9 ! p]iod betwe5 #ahgi & #ahhd ! annual av]age export 0 only #bjj1jjj1jjj4 8,probably l>g] quantities h be5 export$ 9 ea* p]iod ow+ to "u valuations to escape export duty2 b relative bulk proportions betwe5 ! two export p]iods w h>dly be affect$ by ?is40 ,! exports f ,havana 9 #ahhd 7 #aa1gfg1bjj lb4 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #fac1jjj to ,spa91 #beb1fjj to ,france1 #cg1ejj to ,mexico & ,s\? ,am]ica1 #gj1jjj to ,belgium1 & #ejj to ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,prep>ation ,,& ,,use4 ,?is *apt] embraces ! manufacture ( cut1 cake & roll tobacco1 cig>s1 cig>ettes1 & snuff4 ,x is impossible to indicate ! precise =m 9 :i* ea* k9d ( tobacco-leaf is manufactur$ = use2 inde$1 no well-def9$ l9e m>ks ! qualifications ( ea* sort1 & ! great art ( ! manufactur] is to comb9e ! v>i\s gr[?s 9 a mann] to produce an article suit$ to ! ta/es ( 8 cu/om]s1 at a price suit$ to _! pockets4 ,b1 9 a g5]al way1 x may be said t ,havana & ,manilla are probably exclusively consum$ 9 ! =m ( cig>s2 ,virg9ia is a fav\rite = cav5di%1 negrohead1 & black twi/1 & is l>gely conv]t$ into returns1 %ag1 & snuff2 ,k5tucky1 ,miss\ri1 & ,ohio are us$ = cav5di%1 br[n twi/1 bird's-eye1 returns1 & %ag2 ,dut* & ,g]man make ! commone/ cig>s1 k'na/]1 moi/ snuffs1 & smok+-mixtures2 ,java & ,japan are select$ = light cig>s1 mixtures1 & light moi/ %ag2 ,latakia1 ,turkey1 ,p>aguay1 ,brazil1 ,*9a1 & ! rema9d]1 are us$ up 9 cig>ettes1 mixtures1 imitations1 & sub/itutes4 ,damp+4--,! tobacco-leaves are receiv$ by ! manufactur] 9 all k9ds ( packages1 f a hog%ead to a s]on 7raw hide71 & ( all weights f #a to #ab cwt4 ,! fir/ process !y und]go is 8damp+10 :i* is necess>y to ov]come _! brittl5ess1 & admit ( _! manipulation )\t break+4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! bun*es 78h&s07 are sep>at$1 & ! leaves are scatt]$ loosely ^u a portion ( ! floor ( ! factory1 recess$ to reta9 ! moi/ure4 ,a quantity ( wat]1 :i* has be5 accurately proportion$ to ! absorb+ qualities ( ! leaf us$1 & to ! weight pres5t1 is appli$ ?r\gh a f9e-ros$ wat]+-pot1 & ! mass is left usually = ab\t #bd h\rs1 t damp$ on "o morn+ be+ ready = work+ on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,9 ,engl&1 wat] alone is admissible 7by legislative enactm5t7 = damp+1 except 9 special cases to be not$ subsequ5tly2 b abroad1 _m 8sauces0 are 9 vogue1 _! *ief +r$i5ts be+ salt1 sal ammoniac1 & sug>4 ,/ripp+ & ,sort+4--,quantities ( leaf-tobacco are %ipp$ 9 a condition depriv$ ( _! /em & midrib1 & are !n kn[n z 8/ripts40 ,^? :i* are n receiv$ 9 ?is /ate1 aft] hav+ be5 damp$1 are pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( workm51 :o fold ea* leaf edge to edge1 & rip out ! midrib by a deft twirl ( ! f+]s1 classify+ ! two halves ( ea* leaf1 & rang+ ! sorts 9 sep>ate piles z smoo? z possible4 ,! value ( ! leaf greatly dep5ds ^u ! dext]ity ) :i* ! /ripp+ is done1 z ! slighte/ te> det]iorates x4 ,/ripts require sort+ only4 ,! l>ge/ & /ronge/ leaves are select$ = cutt+ & sp9n+2 ! be/-%ap$ are res]v$ = ! wrapp]s ( cig>s2 brok5 & defective pieces =m fill]s = cig>s2 & ! ribs are gr\nd to make snuff4 ,= ! manufacture ( 8bird's-eye0 smok+-tobacco1 ! leaves are us$ )\t be+ previ\sly /ripp$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,cutt+4--,cutt+ is ! process by :i* ! damp$ leaves1 :e!r /ripp$ or n1 are mo/ ext5sively prep>$ = smok+ 9 pipes & cig>ettes4 ,! tobacco-cutt] :i* is 9 g5]al use 9 ?is c\ntry is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ad 7side elevation71 #ae 7sectional elevation71 #af 7front elevation71 & #ag 7plan74 ,! ma9 frames a are unit$ by /ret*]-bolts b2 d is a wood5-surface fe$+-roll]1 on :i* ! tobacco is press$ & cut2 c are ! upp] compress+- & fe$+-roll]s1 m\nt$ 9 e1 c>riage-plates ext5d$ backw>ds1 =m+ ! sides ( ! fe$+-tr\gh1 & h+$ to ! axle m2 f are lev]s2 g1 l9ks by :i* ! weight w presses d[n ! upp] roll]s2 h1 a crank1 & i1 a connect+-l9k = work+2 j1 ! cross-head to :i* ! knife k is fix$2 l1 side-lev]s or radius-b>s = guid+ ! knife1 h+$ on ! ecc5tric ends ( ! axle2 m1 an axle held 9 be>+s at ! back ( ! ma*9e2 on its middle "p1 :i* is conc5tric ) its own be>+s1 are h+$ ! top roll c>riage-plates e1 :il/ on its project+ ends1 :i* are slightly ecc5tric1 ! knife-lev]s l are h+$2 n is a worm-:eel segm5t2 o1 a worm2 p1 a h&-:eel = turn+ ! ecc5tric sp9dle m ?r\gh a "p ( a revolution 9 its be>+s1 = adju/+ ! contact ( ! knife ) ! nose-plate q2 r1 a worm2 s1 a worm-:eel2 t1 a worm-p9ion = giv+ simultane\s movem5t to all ! roll]s2 u1 a sp9dle1 8univ]sal jo9t$0 at bo? ends1 = driv+ ! upp] roll]s 9 positions v>y+ ) ! ?ickness ( ! fe$2 v1 a saw-too!d rat*et-:eel1 mov$ int]mitt5tly by a cat* x1 l9k y1 & /ud-p9 z1 v be+ *angeable1 & ! ecc5tricity ( z v>iable1 = ! purpose ( regulat+ ! f95ess ( ! cutt+4 ,bo? ends ( ! knife move at ! same spe$1 & its surface is made to cle> ! "w by describ+ a slight curve4 ,! knife is adju/$ accurately to ! nose-plate1 :ile ! ma*9e is 9 motion1 by v>y+ ! direction ( ecc5tricity ( ! axis ( ! knife-lev]s to t ( ! roll]-lev]s4 ,! f95ess ( ! cutt+ is regulat$ by v>y+ ! ecc5tricity ( a movable /ud-p9 9 a plate on ! crank-%aft :i* gives motion1 ?r\gh a tra9 ( spe$-r$uc+ ge>1 to ! sev]al roll]s4 ,! knives are easily remov$ & replac$1 & require %>p5+ aft] e #d-f h\rs' work+4 ,two m5 att5d ! ma*9e1 "o to keep ! fe$-roll]s suppli$1 ! o!r to wat* t ! knife is do+ its "w1 & to remove ! tobacco z fa/ z x is cut4 ,dry+4--,! cut tobacco1 z remov$ f ! ma*9e1 is plac$ loosely 9 a lay] sev]al in*es deep 9 a l>ge tr\gh1 provid$ ) a canvas false bottom2 /eam is introduc$ betwe5 ! true & false bottoms1 & f9ds its way up ?r\gh ! tobacco1 :i* is ?us r5d]$ m easily workable4 ,x is next transf]r$ to a simil> tr\gh hav+ no false bottom1 b a /eam-jacket$ floor in/ead2 "h ! tobacco is dry-heat$1 & at ! same "t light5$ up by h&4 ,f9ally1 x is tak5 to a ?ird tr\gh1 :]e cold air is =c$ ?r\gh ! canvas false bottom1 by means ( a bl[] or fan4 ,?is la/ op]ation dries ! tobacco ready = use 9 ! c\rse ( "s h\rs2 b x has ! disadvantage ( disp]s+ "p ( ! aroma1 & is !re=e g5]ally resort$ to only :5 "t presses4 ,9 o!r cases1 ! dry+ is conduct$ on canvas trays4 ,h[ev] p]=m$1 ! dry+ op]ation ne$s ! greate/ att5tion1 to prev5t ! moi/ure be+ extract$ to su* a degree z to de/roy ! pr(it :i* its pres5ce conf]s ^u ! manufactur]4 ,) dry+1 ! prep>ation ( cut tobacco = smok+ 9 pipes is complet$4 ,cake or ,plug4--,! manufacture ( 8cake0 or 8plug0 is little c>ri$ on 9 ?is c\ntry1 z ! ,excise laws exclude ! use ( sweet5+ matt]s1 except :5 c>ri$ on 9 bond4 ,! process is suffici5tly simple4 ,virg9ian leaf1 ) or )\t ! addition ( flav\r+s1 is sweat$ = a day or two1 to deep5 ! col\r1 work$ into a s(t mass1 & next plac$ 9 m\lds1 & subject$ to suffici5t pressure to ensure ! cohesion ( ! mass4 ,ea* cake is !n sep>ately wrapp$ 9 p]fect leaf1 & passes ?r\gh a s]ies ( m\lds1 ea* small] ?an ! la/1 & "u increas+ pressure 9 /eam-jacket$ cupbo>d-presses1 ( :i* !re are _m =ms4 ,! comb9$ effect ( ! heat & pressure is to ?or\ghly impregnate ! :ole mass ) ! natural juices ( ! leaf & ! flav\r+ 7if any has be5 us$71 & to produce a ri* d>k col\r4 ,a ma*9e = turn+ out plug-tobacco 9 ribbons1 made by ! ,mc,gowan ,pump ,co41 ,new ,york1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah4 ,! tobacco is fir/ weigh$ out 9 ! prop] quantities1 & spread 9 a box plac$ 9 spaces 9 a heavy iron table a4 ,:5 ! latt] is fill$1 x is pass$ to & fro "u ! heavy iron :eels b1 :i* are loose on ! %aft1 & :i* c be adju/$ to ex]t any desir$ pressure4 ,twice pass+ ?r\gh suffices4 ,! ribbon is made 9 l5g?s ( #aj feet1 & ei!r #e in*es or #b in*es wide1 z desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,roll or ,twi/4--,roll- or twi/-tobacco is made by sp9n+ ! leaf into a rope1 & !n subject+ x to hot pressure4 ,until rec5tly1 ! sp9n+ 0 p]=m$ by h&1 mu* aft] ! mann] ( ord9>y rope-mak+ by h&4 ,b ?is sl[ process is n[ sup]s$$ by a ma*9e made by ,rob9son & ,&rew1 ( ,/ockport2 x is spok5 ( 9 v fav\rable t]ms by ,engli% manufactur]s1 & receiv$ a diploma ( m]it at ! ,philadelphia ,exhibition4 ,! ma*9e consi/s ( a comb9ation ( #c roll]s1 ^: surfaces are made ( segm5ts1 to :i* lat]al to-&-fro motions are giv5 by cams atta*$ to ! /&s on :i* ! axles ( ! roll]s rotate4 ,! tobacco occupies ! c5tral space betwe5 ! #c roll]s1 & x is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! ma*9e by ! lat]al to-&-fro motions giv5 to ! segm5ts4 ,! fill]s & wrapp]s are laid on a table jo9$ to ! ma*9e4 ,! fill] is plac$ 9 ! cov]1 & !y pass toge!r betwe5 ! roll]s1 ^: action twi/s & compresses ! tobacco into a roll2 ?is is c>ri$ =w>d & w\nd on a bobb91 revolv+ 9 an op5 frame1 & provid$ ) a guide = equaliz+ ! di/ribution ( ! tobacco4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,! ma*9e is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ai 7elevation71 #bj 7plan71 & #ba 7end view74 ,! tobacco is laid on ! table a1 provid$ ) a rib n1 on :i* ! slid+ re/ b is free to move to & fro2 c d are ! two l[] segm5tal roll]s1 ! axles ( :i* revolve 9 /ation>y be>+s2 e is ! top roll]1 ! axle ( :i* revolves 9 slid+ be>+s1 fitt+ 9 ! sw+-frame f1 & ea* act$ ^u by a spr+ o1 press+ on a p9 communicat+ ) ! be>+1 & putt+ an ela/ic pressure on ! tobacco4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,ea* segm5t-roll] consi/s ( an axle ) f\r segm5ts1 be/ %[n 9 ,figs4 #bb & #bc4 ,! out] %ell ( ! segm5ts is made ( h>d wood1 fitt+ an inn] %ell ( malleable ca/-iron1 ! projections on :i* suit grooves on ! ca/-iron axle4 ,! segm5ts ( ! roll]s c d are mov$ lat]ally to & fro by ! w$ge-%ap$ cams p q r s1 fix$ to ! be>+s ( ! roll]-axles2 & ! segm5ts ( ! roll] e are mov$ 9 ! same mann] by cams t u1 fix$ to ! sw+-frame f4 ,! tobacco occupies ! c5tral space betwe5 ! #c roll]s1 & ! cams p r t move ! segm5ts 9 ! direction ( ! arr[ :]e !y t\* ! tobacco1 :ile ! cams q s u move !m back4 ,aft] ! tobacco has pass$ beyond ! segm5t-roll]s1 x goes ?r\gh ! holl[ trunnion ( ! op5 frame g1 9 :i* ! bobb9 h revolves2 ! o!r trunnion ( ! frame g is provid$ ) fa/ & loose pulleys1 by :i* ! :ole ma*9e is driv54 ,to ?is trunnion1 are also fix$ an ord9>y friction-break pulley1 & a groov$ pulley1 ar\nd :i* latt] passes a b& = driv+ ! pulley on ! axle ( ! bobb9 h4 ,to ! o!r end ( ! axle ( ! bobb91 is fix$ a p9ion1 :i*1 by means ( a too!d *a91 gives motion to ano!r p9ion fix$ to ! d\ble screw i2 ?is d\ble screw gives a trav]s+ to-&-fro motion to ! guide j1 = di/ribut+ ! tobacco ev5ly on ! bobb91 by means ( a swivel -head$ /ud1 connect$ ) ! guide1 & tak+ into ! ?read ( ! d\ble screw4 ,! guide is provid$ ) two horizontal groov$ roll]s1 betwe5 :i* ! tobacco passes1 & ) two o!r roll]s to guide ! tobacco on to ! bobb94 ,rot>y motion is communicat$ to ! segm5t-roll]s c d e z foll[s3--,to ! holl[ trunnion ( ! op5 frame g1 is affix$ a p9ion1 :i* drives ! :eel k1 on ! same %aft z ! *ange-p9ion t drives ! :eel ge>+ into ! p9ions on ! axles ( ! roll]s c & d1 & "o ( :i* p9ions ge>s into ! int]m$iate p9ion l1 :i* drives ! p9ions on ! axle ( ! roll] e4 ,! driv+-/rap is held ^u ! fa/ pulley by a drop-cat* act+ on a weight$ lev]1 "o arm ( :i* is connect$ by a l9k to ! l[] end ( a /rap =k-lev]4 ,:5 x is requisite to /op ! ma*9e1 ! att5dant kicks ! po9t ( a cat* (f ! end ( ! lev]1 :i* is !n rais$ by ! weight1 & s moves ! driv+-/rap f ! fa/ to ! loose pulley1 ! /oppage be+ virtually in/antane\s4 ,! mode ( work+ is z foll[s3--,! sp9n] & assi/ants /& at opposite sides ( ! table2 ! fill]s & wrapp]s be+ plac$ on ! table1 "o assi/ant spreads out ! wrapp] & pu%es ! end t[>ds ! fill]1 :i* ! sp9n] supplies & holds aga9/ ! slid+-re/ b2 ! rot>y motion ( ! segm5t-roll]s c d e twi/s ! tobacco1 & causes ! wrapp] to be w\nd ov] ! fill]1 & ! re/ b1 be+ movable1 enables ! sp9n] to regulate its position accord+ to ! quantity & quality ( ! fill] & wrapp]4 ,! lat]al motion ( ! segm5t-roll]s passes ! roll t[>ds ! bobb91 on :i* x is w\nd1 z describ$4 ,! comb9$ rot>y & trav]s+ motions ( ! roll]s consolidate ! tobacco1 & put ! desir$ face ^u ! twi/4 ,! roll] e is support$ 9 a sw+-frame1 :i* is lift$ (f ! tobacco :5 />t+ ! ma*9e4 ,:5 ! ma*9e is at "w1 ! sw+-frame is held d[n by ! /ud m 7,fig4 #ai74 ,! figures repres5t a ma*9e suitable = manufactur+ ,lim]ick roll2 = pigtail & o!r small descriptions1 x is necess>y to r$uce ! diamet] ( "o or m ( ! segm5t-roll]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,a m rec5t improvem5t 9 ?is ma*9e1 by ,j4 ,e4 ,a4 ,&rew1 is %[n 9 ,figs4 #bd 7side view71 #be 7transv]se section71 & #bf 7plan74 ,! table a1 rib n1 & slid+-re/ b1 & two l[] segm5t-roll]s c d1 are con/ruct$ z usual2 b ! axles ( ! segm5t-roll]s revolve 9 be>+s g h1 bolt$ to ! flanges ( swivel-frames i k1 h+$ ^u ! fulcrum-%aft x2 ! object ( ?us support+ ! bottom roll]s c d is to be able to v>y ! di/ance betwe5 !m accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! twi/ ( tobacco t is be+ roll$4 ,:5 ! di/ance betwe5 ! roll]s is fix$1 ! be>+s are secur$ by bolts pass+ ?r\gh segm5tal slots4 ,! solid top roll] e revolves 9 c5tres 9 slid+ be>+s fitt+ 9 ! sw+-frame f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,z ! bobb9 is fill$1 x is remov$1 & replac$ by an empty "o4 ,! rope is !n unw\nd1 & =m$ into rolls1 by ! aid ( a sp9dle ) flanges at ! sides1 work$ by a treadle1 "u a cu%ion$ weight :i* squeezes ! coils closely toge!r z !y are w\nd4 ,! complet$ rolls are subject$ to great pressure 9 /eam-jacket$ presses1 9 ! same way1 & ) ! same object1 z ! cakes or plugs4 ,cig>s4--,cig>s are compos$ ( two p>ts1 a core =m$ ( pieces ( leaf plac$ longitud9ally1 kn[n z 8fill]s10 & a cov]+ =m$ ( p]fect leaf1 call$ ! 8wrapp]40 ,probably all ! be/ cig>s are made by h&1 ! only tools requir$ be+ a %ort-blad$ %>p knife1 a receptacle conta9+ an emulsion ( gum1 & a squ>e wood5 disc or 8cutt+-bo>d40 ,a portion ( p]fect leaf is fir/ %ap$ to =m ! wrapp] ( ! cig>2 !n a bun* ( fill]s is m\ld$ 9 ! h&1 & roll$ up tightly 9 ! wrapp]1 ! tap] end be+ secur$ by gumm+4 ,exp]t workm5 make ! cig>s rem>kably uni=m 9 weight & %ape4 ,:5 made1 !y are sort$ accord+ to col\r1 deftly trimm$ at ! ?ick end1 & plac$ 9 _! boxes 9 cupbo>ds heat$ by gas-/oves to f9ally dry or season be=e be+ /or$ = sale4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ma*9]y is introduc$ :]ev] possible4 ,m\lds = %ap+ ! cig>s are made ( h>d wood1 sometimes p>tially l9$ ) t91 & ( e possible size & =m4 ,a ma*9e is made by ,dubrul & ,co41 ( ,c9c9nati1 = work+ #c sets ( m\lds at once1 #b be+ kept fill$ up "u pressure :ile ! #crd is be+ fill$1 or ! bun*es are be+ roll$ up4 ,a h&y little ma*9e = roll+ ! fill]s = cig>s is t kn[n z ,h5neman's1 made by ,dubrul & ,co4 ,! dem& = scrap-made cig>s1 or ^? manufactur$ ) %ort fill]s1 has caus$ ! introduction ( ma*9es = cutt+ & sift+ scrap4 ,"o made by ,dubrul & ,co4 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bg4 ,x consi/s ess5tially ( a cyl9d] =m$ ( hook-%ap$1 d\ble-edg$ /eel blades1 revolv+ aga9/ #c s]ies ( fix$ b adju/able /eel blades1 ?us p]mitt+ ! size to be regulat$ at w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,cig>ettes4--,cig>ettes consi/ ( pap] tubes fill$ ) cut tobacco1 ) or )\t an ext]nal wrapp] ( leaf tobacco4 ,pref]5ce is usually giv5 to ^? made by h&1 b ma*9es h be5 introduc$ ) "s success = mak+ ! common] k9ds4 ,a ,fr5* ma*9e = mak+ cig>ettes is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,its "w consi/s 9 mak+ ! pap] tubes1 & fill+ !m ) tobacco4 ,! pap]1 previ\sly prep>$1 9 a b& ab\t #c in*es wide1 is unroll$ f ! coil a by means ( ! c>riage b1 & cut (f 9 pieces ab\t #a in* long = pres5tation to ! m&rel c1 tempor>ily introduc$ into "o ( ! tubes ( ! m\ld-c>ri] d4 ,! m&rel has a clamp :i* grasps ! pap] & rolls x1 &1 at ! mom5t :5 ! latt] escapes f ! c>riage1 its free end is br\ght ^u a rubb] pad cov]$ ) gum1 hidd5 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! pap] tube is left 9 ! m\ld1 ! m&rel be+ extract$ by means ( ! cam e2 ! m\ld-c>ri] is !n turn$ sub#i_/sub revolution by ! cam f1 a new tube comes into l9e1 & ! op]ation is repeat$4 ,:5 #f pap] tubes are complet$1 ! fir/ "o is pu%$ by a small pi/on1 actuat$ by ! cam g1 ^u ! end ( ! fill+-tube2 & imm$iately ! rod h1 actuat$ by ! cam e1 drives into ?is tube a portion ( tobacco already prep>$ 9 ! compressor i4 ,9 prep>+ ! tobacco1 a workman1 occupy+ ! seat m1 is necess>y to dispose ! mat]ial 9 regul> lay]s on a c>ri]1 by :i* x is transport$ into ! compressor4 ,:5 ! cig>ette-envelope is fill$1 ! m\ld-c>ri] aga9 makes "p ( a revolution1 & ! f9i%$ cig>ette is pu%$ out ( ! m\ld by ! rod k1 also actuat$ by ! cam e2 a device f9ally lodges ! cig>ettes 9 ! box l4 ,"o workman is said to be able to turn out #ifjj cig>ettes 9 #aj h\rs by ! aid ( ! ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,snuff4--,snuff is entitl$ to ! la/ place 9 ! s]ies ( tobacco manufactures1 z x is l>gely made up ( ! scraps1 cutt+s1 & rejections ( ! prec$+ processes4 ,! mat]ials are *opp$ v f9e1 plac$ 9 heaps 9 w>m damp cell>s1 8doctor$0 ) v>i\s flav\r+s1 left to f]m5t = sev]al weeks1 & !n gr\nd to p[d] 9 edge-runn] mills1 "s k9ds ev5 und]go+ a slight roa/+4 ,:5 gr\nd1 ! mass is pass$ ?r\gh 8mulls10 wood-l9$1 bottomless b[ls1 let into a b5*1 :]e ! snuff is s(t5$ & r5d]$ less p[d]y by means ( po9t$ p9s1 resembl+ dome/ic roll+-p9s1 :i* sl[ly travel ar\nd ! sides ( ! b[ls4 ,snuff repres5ts a highly pr(itable article manufactur$ f mat]ials t are o!rwise useless1 & dep5d+ = its flav\r *iefly ^u ! p]fumes & flav\r+s us$4 ,h5ce ^! la/ are kept pr(\ndly secret by ! manufactur]4 ,f refuse tobacco :i* is unfit = any o!r purpose1 is made a decoction = wa%+ %eep & de/roy+ v]m92 (t5 ! wa/e is gr\nd v f9e1 & us$ by g>d5]s1 presumably to keep noxi\s insects away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4 ,miscellane\s ,appliances4--,! cu/om>y +5uity ( ! ,am]icans has inv5t$ a pr(usion ( admirable lab\r-sav+ ma*9es = almo/ all ! op]ations ( ! tobacco manufactur]4 ,a few ( ^! only c be notic$ 9 ! pres5t article4 ,fig4 #bi %[s a portable resweat+-app>atus1 int5d$ = d>k5+ ! col\r ( tobacco to suit ! deal]'s m>ket4 ,x measures #d feet long1 #c feet wide1 & #e feet high1 be+ j l>ge en\gh = "o case 7#djj lb47 ( tobacco1 includ+ ! case2 x consi/s ( a wat]-tank a1 a pipe b = conduct+ ! wat] into ! metallic pan c1 at ! bottom ( ! app>atus1 :i* is heat$ by gas-jets d4 ,! tobacco is introduc$ by ! door e1 :i* is fitt$ ) a !rmomet]4 ,! ro( is slop$ s z to det]m9e ! fl[ ( ! wat] ( cond5sation4 ,! /eam+ occupies #c-e days1 & ne$s occasional wat*+4 ,! app>atus is made by ,c4 ,s4 ,philips & ,co41 #ahh ,pe>l ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4 ,fig4 #cj illu/rates a complicat$ ma*9e1 introduc$ by ,c4 ,c4 ,clawson & ,co41 ( ,raleigh1 ,n4 ,c>ol9a1 = putt+ up l>ge quantities ( tobacco 9 p>cels ( #b oz4 upw>ds4 ,x consi/s ( a c5tral table provid$ ) automatic scales = weigh+ out ! portion2 f\r equidi/ant guides :i* det]m9e ! =m ( ! package2 a plung] = pack+1 & a foll[] = rais+ ! package2 a side-table c>ry+ tongs = hold+ ! empty bags2 & ano!r to receive ! packages1 & hold !m dur+ ty+4 ,! hopp] be+ suppli$ ) tobacco1 & ! ma*9e put 9 motion1 ea* =m takes a bag f ! tong-table1 & ! article hav+ be5 weigh$1 is c>ri$ to ! =m by a %ute1 :5 x drops into ! bag1 is pack$ by ! plung]1 & transf]r$ to ! ty+-table4 ,) #b girls or boys1 x is said to weigh1 pack1 & tie #cj bags a m9ute4 ,! ,new ,york ,tobacco ,ma*9e ,co4 make two =ms ( ma*9es = granulat+ tobacco1 *iefly = mak+ 8,killick9ick0 & cig>ettes1 _! work+ capacity rang+ f #bjj to #bjjj lb4 a day4 ,! cutt+-roll]s are cov]$ ) cross-mill+s at "r angles to ea* o!r1 ^? runn+ l5g?wise be+ deep2 ! fix$ cutt]s are adju/able1 s t ! cutt+ may be ei!r co>se or f9e4 ,:5 work+1 ! action is l t ( a pair ( %e>s1 except t ! cross-mill+s r$uce ! /rips to a granul> /ate4 ,bo? /ems & leaves may be work$ up4 ,! great advantage claim$ = ^! ma*9es is t1 ?\gh ! tobacco %\ld be dry1 ! p]c5tage ( du/ escap+ is r$uc$ to a nom9al figure4 ,a cutt+-ma*9e made by ! same ,co4 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ca4 ,x is adapt$ to cut leaf1 /em1 scrap1 plug1 or any =m ( tobacco1 to any requir$ degree ( f95ess1 turn+ out #cjj-djj lb4 a day4 ,! action is almo/ precisely t ( a *aff-cutt]4 ,! ,co4's sift+-ma*9e consi/s ( an adju/able cyl9drical wire sieve1 ) a rattan-broom screw-roll] revolv+ inside4 ,! /ems are /ripp$ & work$ out at "o end1 :ile ! rema9d] is brok5 up1 & pass$ ?r\gh ! sieve1 fall+ ^u a p]=at$ tray1 ?r\gh :i* pass ! f9e/ p>ticles = snuff-mak+4 ,a ma*9e l>gely us$ 9 ,am]ica is ! /em-roll]1 = cru%+ & flatt5+ ! /ems s t !y may be us$ l leaves = mak+ cig>s4 ,great b5efit is anticipat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! adaptation ( ,ry]son's 8attrition mill0 to snuff-gr9d+1 ow+ to ! fact t ! pulv]ization is accompli%$ )\t ! p>ticles be+ heat$ 9 ! lea/ degree4 ,( cig>ette-mak+ ma*9es1 !re are _m k9ds2 ! be/ are ^? :i* deal ) ! tobacco 9 a comp>atively dry /ate1 ?us prev5t+ %r9kage aft] pack+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,indebt$ness is ackn[l$g$ to ,hy4 ,ar*] & ,co41 ,bor\gh1 ,s4,e41 & ,t4 ,brank/on & ,co41 ,c>t] ,lane1 ,doctors' ,commons1 = opportunities ( inspect+ _! ?or\ghly repres5tative works1 & = mu* in=mation readily giv5 conc]n+ ! manufacture 9 ?is c\ntry2 to ,w4 ,jollyman1 ( ,w4 ,d4 & ,h4 ,o4 ,wills' ,london h\se1 = hav+ revis$ ^! %eets be=e go+ to press2 & to ,hy4 ,a4 ,=re/1 #fa ,broadway1 ag5t ( ! ,new ,york ,tobacco ,ma*9e ,co41 = valuable mat]ial relat+ to ,am]ican ma*9es & processes4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,nature ,,& ,,prop]ties4 ,! active pr9ciple ( tobacco is a volatile1 highly poison\s alkaloid1 call$ ,nicot9e 7,c,h,n74 ,al?\gh gre5 tobacco-plants conta9 g5]ally m nicot9e ?an ! leaves aft] !y h be5 prep>$ = ! m>ket1 yet ! od\r is only p]ceptible aft] ! f]m5tation ( ! leaves has set 94 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t "y leaves #b in*es long conta9$ #bh p] c5t41 & leaves #aj in*es broad & #af in*es long1 z mu* z #ef p] c5t4 ( _! weight ( nicot9e4 ,! am\nt increases z ! plants become ripe1 & decreases on _! becom+ ov]ripe4 ,?\gh ! n>cotic effects ( tobacco exp]i5c$ by ! smok] mu/ p>tly be attribut$ to nicot9e1 x _c be said t !y are solely due to x4 ,x is well kn[n t ! products ( combu/ion ( q h>mless sub/ances are (t5 /upefy+4 ,good ,syrian tobacco conta9s no nicot9e1 yet smok]s consid] cig>s made f ?is tobacco to be /rong4 ,x is evid5t t ! /r5g? ( a cig>1 z judg$ by ! smok]1 dep5ds greatly on ! circum/ance :e!r ! tobacco burns well or n4 ,if x burns well1 a great] am\nt ( nicot9e is consum$ & decompos$1 & less ( ! n>cotic products ( combu/ion are creat$1 ?an :5 x burns badly4 ,cig>s ( ! latt] description1 conta9+ little nicot9e1 are m n>cotic 9 _! effects :5 smok$ ?an well-burn+ cig>s conta9+ mu* nicot9e4 ,! am\nt ( nicot9e 9 tobacco v>ies v mu*1 accord+ to ! sort ( plant1 ! climate1 ! nature ( ! soil 9 :i* ! plant grew1 ! treatm5t receiv$ dur+ its gr[?1 & ! c\rse adopt$ to prep>e ! leaf = ! m>ket4 ,dr4 ,nessl] f\nd t good ,syrian tobacco conta9$ no nicot9e1 ,havana tobaccos betwe5 #jf & #bj p] c5t41 & ,g]man tobaccos betwe5 #jg & #cc p] c5t4 ,s*ls+ f\nd 9 ,fr5* tobacco ne>ly #hj p] c5t4 ( nicot9e4 ,f9e tobaccos conta9 g5]ally little or no nicot9e4 ,br\ghton f\nd t ! am\nt ( nicot9e 9 ,indian tobaccos v>ies v mu*4 ,! conditions fav\rable to ! developm5t ( nicot9e 9 ! plants are3--,soil 9 a bad physical /ate1 /rong nitrog5\s manure1 a dry atmosph]e1 & probably a l[ temp]ature dur+ ! gr[?4 ,accord+ to ,nessl]1 gre5 & newly-cut tobacco-plants conta9 no ammonia2 x is develop$ dur+ ! dry+ & f]m5tation ( ! leaves1 especially :5 !y assume a br[n col\r4 ,tobacco-leaves1 :i* h und]gone a /rong f]m5tation1 conta9 m ammonia ?an ^? slightly f]m5t$4 ,f9e tobaccos conta9 g5]ally less ammonia ?an co>s] ones4 ,9 v>i\s smok+-tobaccos1 ,nessl] f\nd3--,havana1 #jb p] c5t4 ( ammonia2 ,cuba1 #jc2 ,syrian1 #jf2 ,g]man1 #ji p] c5t4 ,s*ls+ f\nd ,havana tobacco to conta9 #jh p] c5t4 ,nitric acid1 consi/+ ( nitrog5 & oxyg51 is =m$ 9 animal & plant sub/ances :5 decompos$ "u ! influ5ce ( atmosph]ic air & a suffici5tly high temp]ature2 :]eas ammonia1 consi/+ ( nitrog5 & hydrog51 is =m$ :5 ^? sub/ances decompose 9 ! abs5ce1 or ne>ly s1 ( atmosph]ic air4 ,organic sub/ances decompos+ "u ! latt] condition emit an objectionable pung5t od\r1 :i* mu/ p>tly be attribut$ to ! =mation ( ammonia4 ,tobacco1 soon aft] h>ve/+1 comm5ces1 accord+ to ! conditions "u :i* x is plac$1 "o ( ^! decompositions4 ,! ext5t ( ! decomposition ! tobacco has gone ?r\gh may be p>tly judg$ f ! col\r ! leaves h atta9$4 ,if leaves be dri$ s rapidly z to rema9 gre51 ! decomposition is probably conf9$ to ! =mation ( c>bonic acid4 ,a yell[ col\r indicates ! =mation ( nitric acid2 & a d>k-br[n or black col\r1 t ( ammonia4 ,! conditions "u :i* nitric acid & ammonia are =m$ be+ kn[n1 x is possible to control _! developm5t4 ,:5 ! tobacco is hung f> ap>t1 s t ! air has free access1 ! =mation ( nitric acid w take place2 b if ! air be exclud$ m or less1 by hang+ ! tobacco v close1 or press+ x 9 heaps or pits1 ! =mation ( ammonia is eng5d]$4 ,nitric acid g5]ally promotes ! combu/ion ( plant sub/ances1 by supply+ a portion ( ! ne$$ oxyg51 & has und\bt$ly a simil> effect 9 tobacco2 its occurr5ce 9 ! tobacco is !re=e a desid]atum ) ! cultivator & manufactur]1 & to supply any defici5cy1 ! manufactur] (t5 resorts to impregnat+ 8 tobacco ) a solution ( saltpetre4 ,f ?is1 h[ev]1 x mu/ n be conclud$ t e tobacco conta9+ a l>ge am\nt ( nitric acid w necess>ily burn well4 ,s*ls+ & ,nessl] h %[n t ! well-burn+ ( a tobacco does n always correspond ) a great am\nt ( nitric acid1 ?us indicat+ t o!r sub/ances or o!r conditions also affect ! combu/ibility4 ,! effect ( ! nitric acid w mo/ probably v>y ) ! base ) :i* x is 9 comb9ation4 ,! nitrog5 9 ! =ms ( nicot9e1 ammonia1 & nitric acid1 con/itutes only a small portion ( ! total am\nt pres5t 9 tobacco2 by f> ! great] portion 7-7 exi/s 9 ! =m ( album9oids4 ,nessl] f\nd t ! nitrog5 "u ?is =m v>ies f #b to #d p] c5t41 :i* is equal to #ac-bf p] c5t4 ( album9oids4 ,sub/ances ri* 9 album9oids g5]ally burn badly1 & emit a pung5t noxi\s od\r4 ,on ! condition ( ^! album9oids1 & on ! pres5ce ( o!r sub/ances1 z nitric acid1 alkalies1 c41 9 ! tobacco1 mo/ly dep5d ! burn+ qualities ( ! leaf1 & ! flav\r ( a cig>4 ,! ,ea/]n habit 9 smok+1 f ,malaysia1 ,japan & ,*9a1 ?r\gh ,india1 ,p]sia & ,turkey1 ev5 to ,hung>y1 is to inhale ! smoke into ! lungs1 & natives ( ^! c\ntries ma9ta9 t a tobacco %\ld be ( full flav\r )\t burn+ ! ?roat or cat*+ ! brea?4 ,we/]n nations d n admit ! smoke fur!r ?an ! m\?1 & !re=e require a /rong1 rank flav\r4 ,:il/ dry+ & f]m5t+1 ! tobacco und]goes great *anges4 ,"s sub/ances are decompos$1 o!rs are newly =m$4 ,! highly complicat$ comp\nds1 ! album9oids1 und]go fir/ decomposition1 & 9 do+ s give rise to m simple comb9ations4 ,nitric acid1 ammonia1 & o!r sub/ances less kn[n are *iefly1 if n entirely1 d]iv$ f ! products ( ! decomposition ( album9oids4 ,! sub/ances t cause ! objectionable pung5t smell 9 tobacco are =m$ f ! brok5-up con/itu5ts ( ^! high comb9ations4 ,! conditions "u :i* ^! bad-smell+ comb9ations orig9ate are n prop]ly kn[n2 b x is probable t !y are develop$ )1 & "u ! same conditions t cause ! =mation (1 ammonia1 z ! disagreeable pung5t flav\r is f\nd g5]ally 9 tobacco t has und]gone f]m5tation to a great ext5t4 ,x is believ$ t ! conditions t fav\r ! developm5t ( nicot9e are also conducive to ! =mation ( album9\s sub/ances 9 ! leaf1 viz4 fre% nitrog5\s manure1 bad physical /ate ( ! soil1 c4 ,accord+ to ,nessl]1 ! quality ( tobacco dep5ds to a great degree on ! am\nt ( cellulose x conta9s4 ,he f\nd t a good tobacco inv>iably conta9$ m ?an a bad "o1 ,havana yield+ z mu* z #df p] c5t4 ,! fact t tobacco burns bett] aft] be+ /or$ = a "t may be p>tly due to an increase ( cellulose 9 x4 ,e tobacco conta9s m or less fat1 gum1 e!real oil1 c4 ,x is n prop]ly kn[n 9 :at way fatty matt]s affect ! quality ( tobacco4 ,_m o!r organic matt]s exi/ 9 tobacco 9 comb9ation ) sub/ances f :i* x is mo/ difficult to sep>ate !m2 !y h n z yet be5 quantitatively asc]ta9$1 & are !re=e little kn[n4 ,mo/ ( !m are only develop$ dur+ ! dry+ & f]m5t+ ( ! leaf2 _! pres5ce1 h[ev]1 consid]ably affects ! quality ( ! tobacco4 ,! am\nt ( a% con/itu5ts 9 ! tobacco is consid]able1 v>y+ betwe5 #af & #bh p] c5t4 ,!re _c be said to exi/ a def9ite relation betwe5 ! total am\nt ( a% 9 ! tobacco & its quality1 z tobaccos yield+ mu* a% are sometimes ( good1 & at o!r times ( bad1 quality2 a good tobacco may yield mu* or little a%4 ,! relative proportion 9 :i* ! a% con/itu5ts exi/ is1 h[ev]1 ( ! greate/ importance4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t ! pres5ce ( "s special m9]al elem5ts modify to a great ext5t ! quality ( ! tobacco4 ,( all a% con/itu5ts1 pota% 7,k,o71 m correctly speak+ potassium c>bonate 7,k,,co71 affects ! quality ( tobacco 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,s*ls+ has po9t$ out t ! good burn+ qualities ( a tobacco dep5d on ! pres5ce 9 x ( pota% 9 comb9ation ) a vegetable acid2 t a soil defici5t 9 pota% is unfit to produce tobacco ( good quality4 ,num]\s analyses h t5d$ n only to corroborate ! ass]tion made by ,s*ls+1 b to demon/rate also1 t x is n ! total am\nt ( pota%1 b ! pota% f\nd z a c>bonate1 :i* exi/$ 9 ! plant 9 comb9ation ) a vegetable acid1 t is ! con/itu5t *iefly affect+ ! combu/ibility ( a tobacco4 ,! complete analyses ( ,nessl] h %[n t1 al?\gh a tobacco may conta9 a great am\nt ( pota%1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t ! tobacco burns well4 ,he f\nd t "s ,g]man tobaccos conta9$ m pota% ?an ,havana1 al?\gh ! latt] burn$ mu* bett] ?an ! =m]2 & t a great am\nt ( pota% did n always indicate a great am\nt ( c>bonate ( pota%4 ,al?\gh tobaccos yield+ a great am\nt ( c>bonate ( pota% 9 _! a% g5]ally burn well1 !re may be conditions :i* neutralize ! good effect ( ?is comb9ation1 z a l>ge proportion ( album9oids4 ,x may !re=e be said t ! combu/ibility ( a tobacco is improv$ 9 proportion z its a% yields m c>bonate ( pota%1 o!r conditions be+ equal4 ,among ! m9or salts1 ! *lorides des]ve mo/ att5tion4 ,x has be5 f\nd t !y g5]ally ret>d ! burn+ ( tobacco1 &1 t z !y increase1 c>bonate ( pota% decreases4 ,lime is inv>iably f\nd m or less 9 ! a%1 b x has n be5 asc]ta9$ to :at ext5t its pres5ce affects ! quality ( ! tobacco2 good tobacco may conta9 mu* or little1 s t its pres5ce is probably n ( great importance4 ,! same may be said ( soda1 magnesia1 & phosphoric acid4 ,accord+ to ,nessl]1 _! proportions may v>y ?us3--,pota%1 #aie-e p] c5t42 lime1 #fe-ib2 soda1 #j-afc2 magnesia1 #jab-jii2 phosphoric acid1 #jeg-aci4 ,9 connection ) ! *emi/ry ( tobacco1 & ! rational manur+ ( ! crop1 ! "n ( ,pr(4 ,s4 ,w4 ,johnson1 ,*emi/ to ! ,connecticut ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 mu/ be plac$ 9 ! =emo/ rank4 ,indebt$ness is ackn[l$g$ to ,pr(4 ,johnson = a copy ( 8 valuable report1 quot$ 9 ! ,bibliography at ! end ( ?is "w4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahhd1 a pap] 0 read by ,dr4 ,john ,cl>k1 on ! composition ( tobacco1 be=e ! ,society ( ,*emical ,indu/ry1 :i* is suffici5tly int]e/+ to be quot$ at l5g?4 ,dr4 ,cl>k rem>ks t ! 8tobacco plant is v ext5sively cultivat$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 & aft] x has rea*$ its maturity x is cut & dri$ on poles4 ,:5 ! plant is 9 prop] condition1 ! leaves are /ripp$ f ! /alk1 sort$ & cur$1 by :i* means !y are conv]t$ into ! tobacco ( comm]ce4 ,! good leaves are call$ #8wrapp]s1' & ! infirm or defective ones1 :i* are sep>at$ f ! o!rs1 are call$ #8m$iums & fill]s4' ,! t]m #8/rips' is appli$ to tobacco leaves1 f :i* #bj to #be p] c5t4 ( ! /em or midrib has be5 remov$ to suit ! requirem5ts ( manufactur]s 9 ?is c\ntry m especially4 ,tobacco is l>gely import$ into ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 p>tly 9 ! manufactur$ /ate1 b pr9cipally 9 ! unmanufactur$ or leaf =m4 8,?r\gh ! k9dness ( a well-kn[n firm ( tobacco manufactur]s1 ,i h be5 furni%$ ) au!ntic samples ( ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( leaf tobacco1 import$ into ?is c\ntry1 & ! accompany+ table gives ! proportions ( m9]al matt] or a%1 alkal9e salts1 & s&1 :i* ^! conta94 ,= ! sake ( comp>ison ! results are all /at$ 9 ! dry tobacco1 & 9 ord] to ensure great] accuracy1 ! analysis 01 9 ea* case1 made ) sev]al leaves1 :i* 7 sep>at$ into lam9 & /em1 & ! :ole ( ea* inc9]at$4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! composition ( ! lam9 & ! /em is v m>k$1 especially z reg>ds alkal9e salts1 & is ( importance m especially to ! snuff manufactur]4 ,,composition ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,k9ds ,,( ,,leaf ,,tobacco4 ,:ole ,leaf4 ,lam94 ,/em4 ,dri$ at #bab ,f41,dri$ at #bab ,f41,dri$ at #bab ,f41 p] c5t4 p] c5t4 p] c5t4 ,a%4 ,alk4,s&4 ,a%4 ,alk4,s&4 ,a%4 ,alk4,s&4 ,salt4 ,salt4 ,salt4 ,u4 ,s4 ,k5tucky #aiaa #fhd #begahic #edc #cjfbafiacea #fh d4 #ahej #ffh #ahbaeej #bgg #bcibfjgaffh #ch d4 #beii #ifi #ceabdhh #fgj #dagbicfbjja #aaj d4 ,/rips #aegc #dca #bfaaeeg #djg #bgaafie #fce #acg ,u4 ,s4 ,miss\ri #bjif #ejg #dfcbjdf #bfb #ebgbbfaabgb #aij d4 #bbja #fcb #ceabacf #dif #chhbcfbabcg #aec d4 #ahhh #dha #bfaagah #bhh #cbabbagajfh #ib d4 #ahcf #dfj #cddagje #bej #djgbbciaaaj #adi ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,c>ol9a #adej #eii #fcabih #cib #gdahfdaagb #bc ,p>aguay #cjhj #haeabcbcajg #fcgaddacjcgadgh #dia ,brazil--,c>m5 #bjed #gha #dbbjdb #gbd #dfbjhf #icg #ca ,holl& #bahcaacg #acbjaf #hii #eebeaeagbj #ab ,turkey--,cavallo #acgi #eje #cjfbahf #hbh #gbaedd #ggc #bd d4 ,latakia #aiej #gai #eebahf #hbh #gbaedd #ggc #bd d4 ,sams\n #ahci #fih #diagei #ecb #ddbagbacdb #fj ,japan #aefg #fhf #ejadfj #eei #edaihdaaee #ce ,*9a #aheh #bdj #fcjagid #aff #fidbjeg #ebg #cfa ,havana #bjii #hai #ajbbjia #gea #ajdbajbajcc #ib ,manilla #bahj #fed #adbabe #edi #acbbej #iji #ad ,g]man #bbbg #cgf #agibbab #bgh #ahgbcac #dfc #aci ,sumatra #ahfa #gbj #acahga #fei #jiahad #iaa #bh ,av]age ,av]age ,av]age ( ( ( ,:ole ,leaf1 ,lam91 ,/em1 p] c5t4 p] c5t4 p] c5t4 ,a% or ,inorganic #bjcb #aiba #baib ,alk4 ,salts #fdg #dih #aada ,s& #bdh #bhf #aae 8,! unmanufactur$ tobacco :i* is import$ into ?is c\ntry1 is conv]t$ into roll or spun tobacco1 cut tobacco & cig>s1 & ! refuse is us$ = mak+ snuff4 ,roll tobacco is ! /aple manufacture 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&1 & cut tobacco ! /aple article 9 ,engl&4 8,9 ! manufacture ( roll tobacco1 ! leaves are moi/5$ ) wat]1 spun into v>i\s sizes ( twi/1 made up into rolls1 & press$4 ,! liquid or juice :i* exudes "u pressure is us$ z a %eep dip4 ,cut tobacco is made by moi/5+ ! leaves1 cutt+ !m into ! desir$ size1 & dry+ on plates4 ,sometimes x is made into cakes 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & aft]w>ds cut4 8,:5 we comp>e ! composition ( roll & cut tobaccos ) t ( ! leaf f :i* !y are made1 we f9d t ! diff]5ce lies almo/ entirely 9 ! am\nt ( moi/ure1 & z manufactur]s are n all[$ to add any?+ b wat] & a little oil to tobacco1 y w n err v mu* 9 assum+ t z a rule ! *eape/ qualities ( roll & cut tobaccos conta9 mo/ wat]4 ,?us 9 #ae samples ( ! *eape/ roll tobacco ,i f\nd an av]age ( #daff p] c5t4 ( wat]4 8,! l[e/ qualities ( cut tobacco1 su* z are l>gely manufactur$ & consum$ 9 ,engl&1 conta9 z mu* wat] z ! *eape/ roll tobacco1 :]eas ! f9] qualities ( cut tobacco conta9 z a rule f #ad to #bb p] c5t4 ,cig>s1 ev5 ! *eape/1 are comp>atively dry1 & conta91 z a rule1 only f #aj to #ab p] c5t4 ( wat]4 8,! diff]5ce 9 *eap cig>s is due *iefly to ! weight ( ! mat]ial1 b also to ! quality ( ! tobacco & ! lab\r1 ma*9]y be+ us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! l[] qualities1 :]eas ! high] qualities are ne>ly all h& made4 8,! l>ge quantity ( wat] conta9$ 9 ! *eape/ tobacco1 & :i* frequ5tly am\nts to ab\t #ej p] c5t41 is n1 9 my op9ion1 introduc$ to please ! palate ( ! work+ man1 b simply on acc\nt ( ! ke5 competition betwe5 rival manufactur]s1 & ! l[ price at :i* tobacco is sold2 & 9 ! int]e/ bo? ( ! work+ classes & ( tobacco manufactur]s !mselves1 ,i ?9k x is v desirable t "s limit %\ld be plac$ to ! am\nt ( wat] :i* may be sold z tobacco4 8,snuff4--,i /at$ t ! refuse tobacco 0 employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( snuff4 ,?is refuse consi/s ( /ems1 tobacco smalls1 & sweep+s4 ,^! are moi/5$ ) wat]1 subject$ to a process ( f]m5tation1 :i* la/s f ab\t six weeks to two mon?s1 !n gr\nd1 mix$ ) alkal9e salts to pres]ve ! snuff1 & flav\r$ :5 desir$4 ,no?+ is all[$ to be add$ to snuff except ! c>bonates1 *lorides1 & sulphates ( pota% & soda1 & c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,x is also provid$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t t any snuff f\nd to conta91 aft] be+ dri$ at #bab ,f41 m ?an #bf p] c5t4 ( su* salts1 includ+ ^? naturally 9 ! tobacco1 w be liable to =feiture & a p5alty ( #ejl4 ,f my table ( analyses y w obs]ve t n only does ! proportion ( alkal9e salts v>y 9 diff]5t tobaccos1 b ! /em conta9s a mu* l>g] proportion ?an ! leaf4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is necess>y t ! snuff manufactur] %\ld "k ! quantity ( alkal9e salts 9 8 snuff mat]ial1 9 ord] to obta9 an article ( uni=m composition4 ,"s manufactur]s g by rule ( ?umb1 & 9 attempt+ to "w close to ! legal limit1 !y run a s]i\s risk ( un9t5tionally incurr+ ! p5alty4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?ree samples ( snuff1 9 #ahhc1 7 condemn$ by ! ,som]set ,h\se au?orities because !y conta9$ an excessive proportion ( alkal9e salts1 & ! manufactur]s 7 prosecut$4 ,! m intellig5t ( ! snuff manufactur]s1 h[ev]1 analyse _! snuff mat]ial1 & are ?us able to keep )9 ! legal limit4 8,! pr9cipal alkal9e salts :i* are add$ to snuff are *loride ( sodium or common salt1 c>bonate ( pota%1 & c>bonate ( ammonia1 all ( :i* are all[$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 & !re=e no exception c be tak5 to _! addition1 s long z ! total quantity does n exce$ #bf p] c5t4 9 ! dry snuff4 ,9 addition to alkal9e salts1 snuffs usually conta9 f #be to #de p] c5t4 ( wat]1 ) ! exception ( a k9d ( snuff call$ #8,high ,toa/ or ,iri% ,blackgu>d1' :i* is v dry & conta9s f #e to #h p] c5t4 ,sometimes !y also conta9 a consid]able quantity ( s&4 ,9 ! sev]al hundr$ samples ( snuff :i* ,i h _h occasion to exam9e = diff]5t manufactur]s ! av]age quantity ( s& 0 ab\t #e p] c5t4 9 ! dry snuff1 & sometimes fell z l[ z a half p] c5t41 b 9 _m samples ! quantity exce$$ #aj p] c5t41 & 9 "o case ,i f\nd z mu* z #cjid p] c5t4 ( s& 9 ! dry snuff4 ,! great] "p ( ?is s& is probably d]iv$ f ! sweep+s ( tobacco1 on :i* duty has be5 paid1 & ,i h no d\bt ! snuff manufactur] consid]s himself ju/ifi$ 9 sell+ x z snuff4 ,b x appe>s to me to be v desirable 9 ! int]e/ ( snuff]s1 t "s limit %\ld be plac$ on ! quantity ( s& :i* may be sold z snuff3 m especially z ! p>ticles ( s& are frequ5tly v %>p1 & h a t5d5cy to produce inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane ( ! nose1 & x is to ?is1 probably1 t we owe ! popul> notion t snuff is sometimes mix$ ) gr\nd glass to give x additional piquancy4 8,:5 f any cause snuff is spoil$1 ! manufactur] may export x1 & obta9 a drawback ( #cs4 #g;d4 p] lb4 on ! real tobacco :i* x conta9s4 8,! ,gov]nm5t /&>d = tobacco is z foll[s3 ,p] c5t4 ,organic matt] #gjeb ,inorganic #aedh ,wat] #adjj ------------ #ajjjj 8,?is is equal to #ah p] c5t4 ( a% or inorganic matt] 9 ! dry tobacco4 ,?is /&>d is 9 my op9ion too high1 z ! av]age p]c5tage ( inorganic or a% 9 ! dry leaf tobaccos :i* ,i h exam9$ is #bjcb1 & ! /em f :i* snuff is l>gely made conta9s /ill m4 ,! result is t ! tobacco manufactur] n only loses ! value ( ! tobacco ov] & above ! duty1 b also a "p ( ! duty :i* he has paid4 ,?is matt] conc]ns ! tobacco manufactur] alone1 b ,i w\ld po9t out t ! au?orities 9 ,som]set ,h\se 9 fix+ su* a high /&>d = tobacco are b5efit+ ! public at ! exp5se ( ! manufactur]1 :]eas 9 ! case ( milk ! l[ /&>d :i* !y employ is a loss to ! public & ga9 to ! di%one/ deal]40 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,adult]ations ,,& ,,sub/itutes4 ,x is said t 9 ,?ur+ia1 ov] #ajjj tons ye>ly ( dri$ beetroot-leaves are pass$ (f z tobacco4 ,^! leaves1 & ^? ( *icory & cabbage1 are simil>ly employ$ 9 ,magdeburg & ! ,palat9ate4 ,_m ( ! ,vevey cig>s ( ,s4 ,g]many are entirely compos$ ( cabbage- & beetroot-leaves :i* h be5 /eep$ 9 tobacco-wat] = a long "t4 ,o!r leaves1 su* z rhub>b1 dock1 burdock1 & coltsfoot are also us$4 ,^! are all pr9cipally = cig>s4 ,= smok+-tobacco1 *amomile fl[]s1 exhau/$ 9 wat]1 !n dy$ & sweet5$ ) logwood & liquorice1 & dri$1 h be5 mix$ ) tobacco 9 su* proportions z #gj-hj p] c5t4 ,9 ,am]ica1 a specially-prep>$ br[n pap]1 saturat$ ) ! juice express$ f tobacco-/ems & o!r refuse1 is mo/ ext5sively us$1 n only = ! 8wrapp]s0 ( cig>s1 b also = 8fill+40 ,v>i\s gr\nd woods1 />*es1 meals1 & pigm5ts are introduc$ into snuff4 ,a ,new ,york pap] m5tions t a great quantity ( br[n /raw pap] lately rea*$ ,havana1 :i* 0 to be employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,havana cig>s4 ,/raw pap] impregnat$ ) ! juice ( tobacco /alks is w\nd up ) ! leaf 9 su* a way t x is (t5 impossible to detect ! adult]ation4 ,dr4 ,jacobson1 writ+ 9 ! ,indu/rie ,bltt]1 rem>ks t !re is no difficulty 9 escap+ detection1 if ! pap] be specially prep>$ = ! purpose out ( suitable raw mat]ials4 ,x has long be5 kn[n t cig> pap] soak$ 9 a solution ( soluble glass gives =? no smell ( pap] on be+ burnt4 ,pat5t ,no4 #baj1ech1 issu$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice1 ,decemb] #c1 #ahgh1 /ates ! +r$i5ts ( a 8sub/itute0 to be--spik5>d1 r$ clov]1 hyssop1 hops1 slipp]y-elm b>k1 t>r$ rope1 p5nyroyal1 mulle9 leaves1 k9nik9ic1 wild *]ry b>k1 & g9s5g4 ,?is is an +5i\s comb9ation int5d$ to approa* 9 effect1 appe>ance1 & aroma1 tobacco2 & 9 s f> x might be said to be a success3 z mulle9 leaves are reput$ to be feebly n>cotic1 hops are kn[n to possess anodyne prop]ties1 clov] & hyssop are pectoral 9 effect1 & slipp]y-elm febrifuge4 ,g9s5g is aromatic & pung5t1 & has a great reputation among ! ,*9ese z a /imulant & re/orative4 ,! t>r$ rope1 we presume1 is int5d$ to add to ! pyrogno/ic value ( ! mixture4 ,! great po9t 9 select+ mat]ial = ! fabrication ( a mixture ( ?is description is to get leaves conta9+ a fair p]c5tage ( nitrate ( potass1 z does tobacco2 on ?is dep5ds its pyrogno/ic value1 & t1 next to aroma1 is ev]y?+4 8,tobacco1 l ^? :o smoke x1 is cr$it$ ) _m s9s ( :i* x is guiltless4 ,! #8loss ( heal?' s (t5 laid at its door is probably due 9 _m in/ances n to tobacco itself1 b to "s villa9\s comp\nd be>+ its "n4 ,a /ory told by ! pr9cipal ( ! laboratory ( ! ,inl& ,rev5ue ,dep>tm5t 9 8 report = ! pa/ ye> %[s h[ easily ?is may happ54 ,! sup]visor at ,birm+ham1 obs]v+ t an article 0 be+ sold at a v *eap rate 9 packets1 "u ! "n ( #8smok+ mixture1' s5t a sample to ! ,inl& ,rev5ue laboratory = exam9ation1 & x be+ f\nd to conta9 a l>ge proportion ( vegetable matt] resembl+ ! brok5-up heads ( camomile fl[]s1 fur!r inquiry l$ to ! discov]y ( ! manufactory4 ,! process ( manufacture consi/$ 9 exhau/+ ! bitt] pr9ciple ( camomile fl[]-heads ) wat]1 & !n dye+ & sweet5+ !m ) a solution ( logwood & liquorice1 :i* br\ght !m1 :5 dri$1 some:at to ! col\r ( tobacco4 ,! heads1 :5 brok5 up1 7 !n mix$ ) f #bj to #cj p] c5t4 ( cut tobacco1 accord+ to ! price at :i* ! mixture 0 to be sold4 ,! mixture 0 suppli$ to retail]s 9 packets labell$ #8,! ,new ,smok+ ,mixture1 ,analys$ & ,approv$1' & z ag5cies _h already be5 e/abli%$ 9 sev]al t[ns1 an ext5sive trade w\ld no d\bt soon h aris5 _h ! manufactory n be5 suppress$ at an e>ly /age ( its exi/5ce40 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul at ,smyrna puts ! foll[+ /atem5t 9 8 report ( ,janu>y #ae1 #ahhc4 ,s9ce ! e/abli%m5t ( ! tobacco monopoly 9 ,turkey1 snuff may be said to be "o ( ! sev]al articles t und]go ! mo/ unscrupul\s adult]ation4 ,ow+ to ! high am\nt ( duties impos$ on tobacco by ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t1 & ! l>ge pr(its lic5s$ manufactur]s expect to make on ! same1 ! poor] classes _c af=d to use ! products ( d\btful purity com+ f ! factories1 & s are altoge!r at ! m]cy ( ! cl&e/9e manufactur] & retail]1 :o1 9 ord] to make ! mo/ he c ( 8 vile indu/ry1 adult]ates 8 snuff to su* an ext5t t x c be safely said t 8 products conta9 on an av]age f #fj to #gj p] c5t4 ( inf]ior ,p]sian tobacco 7tumbeki71 fragm5ts ( c\ntry tobacco leaf1 & tobacco ( cig>ettes pick$ up 9 ! /reets by begg>s1 ! #cj to #dj p] c5t4 consi/+ ( walnut sawdu/1 t]ra umbra1 f9e sift$ s&1 & scum ( lead 7lead oxide71 cov]$ ) inf]ior black writ+-ink4 ,! snuff is manufactur$ 9 ,smyrna1 z foll[s3 ,! consci5ti\s manufactur] uses ,p]sian hookah tobacco 7tumbeki7 & ! fragm5ts ( c\ntry tobacco-leaf col\r$ ) black ink4 ,^! tobaccos1 gr\nd z f9e z possible & mix$ ) grape molasses1 are put 9 a cov]$ b>rel to f]m5t4 ,two or ?ree days lat] ! snuff is tak5 out & spread 9 ! sun to dry p>tly1 & !n rubb$ ) ! h&s & pass$ ?r\gh iron wire sieves to be granulat$4 ,! product is aft]w>ds sc5t$ ) p[d]$ orris root1 tonka beans1 & g]anium oil2 ! sup]ior qualities are sc5t$ ) ess5ces ( roses & jessam9e & put up 9 packages4 ,! adult]at$ article is manufactur$ 9 ! same mann] ) ! addition ( ! above-nam$ sub/ances4 ,! only p]sons us+ g5u9e snuff 9 ?is city are ! ,ca?olic prie/s1 :o import x directly f ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa9 & ,holl&1 & enjoy ! privilege ( pay+ no cu/om-h\se duties4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,imports1 ,,duties1 ,,values1 ,,& ,,consumption4 ,a comp>ison ( ! taxation ( ! *ief nations ( ! _w = ! consumption ( tobacco has be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,/ati/ics ( ,g]many4 ,( ! c\ntries :]e ! sale is a ,gov]nm5t monopoly1 ,france la/ ye> /ood fir/1 ! gross duty1 ) pr(its1 am\nt+ to #gs4 #a;d4 p] head ( ! population annually1 ! net rev5ue f ! article be+ #es4 #h;d4 p] head4 ,9 ,au/ria ! gross 0 #es4 #e;d41 ! net1 #cs4 #e;d42 9 ,hung>y1 ! gross #cs4 #c;d41 ! net #as4 #g;d42 9 ,italy1 ! gross #cs4 #aa;d41 & ! net #bs4 #h;d4 ,9 ,great ,brita91 ! duty & lic5ses br\ght 9 #ds4 #aj;d4 p] head ( ! population = ! ye>1 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #ds4 #d;d4 ,9 ,g]many1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! duty 0 v light1 ! av]age 0 no m ?an #g;d4 p] head ( ! population4 ,! duties on unmanufactur$ tobacco are #cs4 #f;d4 a lb4 :5 x conta9s #aj p] c5t4 or m ( moi/ure2 #cs4 #aj;d4 a lb4 :5 x conta9s less ?an #aj p] c5t4 ( moi/ure4 ,snuff conta9+ no m ?an #ac p] c5t4 ( moi/ure1 #ds4 #aj;d4 a lb42 #ac p] c5t4 & upw>ds1 #ds4 #a;d4 a lb4 ,cig>s pay #es4 #f;d4 a lb4 ,cav5di% ( =eign manufacture pays #ds4 #aj;d4 a lb42 t manufactur$ 9 bond1 #ds4 #d;d4 ,o!r sorts1 includ+ cig>ettes1 pay #ds4 #d;d4 a lb4 ,! approximate relative values 9 ! ,london m>ket are z foll[s3--,m>yl&1 f9e yell[1 f9e1 & good col\r$1 #g-i;d4 a lb42 colory1 #e-g;d42 light-br[n & leafy1 #e-7g7;d42 ord9>y & br[n1 #d-d;d4 ,virg9ia3 ,f9e ,iri% & ,scot* sp9n]s1 #g-aj;d42 good & middl+1 ord9>y light & dry1 #f-aj;d42 f9e black sweet sc5t1 & middl+ d41 7#f7-7g7;d42 "p blacks1 #e-f;d42 ord9>y & heat$1 #c-e;d42 mix$ p>cels1 ord9>y & good1 middl+ & f9e1 7#e7-7f7;d42 /ripp$ leaf1 #d;d4-#as4 ,k5tucky3 f9e long light leaf1 #g-aa;d42 good to middl+ d41 7#e7-7g7;d42 f9e & middl+ blacks1 #f-h;d42 ord9>y & mix$1 #b-e;d42 /ripp$ leaf1 f9e1 light leafy1 middl+ & ord9>y1 7#d7-aa;d4 ,negrohead1 #aa;d4-#as4 #f;d4 ,cav5di%1 #d;d4-#as4 ,am]s=t & ,g]man1 #b;d4-#as4 #f;d4 ,/4 ,dom+o1 #e-7g7;d4 ,havana1 ,cuba1 & ,y>a1 #as4 #b;d4-#fs4 ,turki% & ,greek1 7#b7-i;d4 ,e4 ,india1 ,japan1 & ,*9a1 #b-i;d4 ,java1 #e;d4-#bs4 ,colombia 7,new ,granada71 #e;d4-#bs4 #f;d4 ,manilla1 #h;d4-#ds4 ,manilla *]oots1 #ds4-#gs4 #f;d4 ,havana cig>s1 #e-djs4 ,imports1 ,duties1 & ,values4--,our imports ( tobacco 9 #ahgi 7 z foll[s3-- 7a7 ,unmanufactur$3 ,f ,unit$ ,/ates1 #be1gdc1hhj lb41 value #fhb1becl42 ,holl&1 #f1bae1icj lb41 #bff1ajil42 ,*9a1 #a1ddd1aib lb41 #cf1bfel42 ,turkey1 #a1bad1cai lb41 #cb1fbgl42 ,japan1 #hje1ibh lb41 #bd1jjcl42 ,france1 #fea1cej lb41 #ad1ehel42 ,belgium1 #eae1jji lb41 #ae1ejal42 ,arg5t9e ,republic1 #dgj1cji lb41 #aj1hgjl42 ,g]many1 #dbf1aci lb41 #be1fjbl42 ,/raits ,settlem5ts1 #bfg1beh lb41 #bi1gahl42 ,briti% ,india1 #bdf1cje lb41 #cfjel42 ,new ,granada1 #bda1fch lb41 #ifbal42 ,canada1 #aba1ibj lb41 #cdgcl42 o!r c\ntries1 #dig1jdc lb41 #ad1befl42 total1 #ch1hfa1bbj lb41 #a1afe1dhhl4 7b7 ,snuff3 ,f all c\ntries1 #ggai lb41 value #ibl4 7c7 ,cig>s3 ,f ,spani% ,w4 ,indies1 #die1eah lb41 value #did1igdl42 ,g]many1 #aej1dfj lb41 #df1cahl42 ,holl&1 #aaf1bah lb41 #ca1cdhl42 ,philipp9es1 #hj1aii lb41 #ba1gchl42 ,france1 #gc1cdh lb41 #bd1jgal42 ,/raits ,settlem5ts1 #ea1aia lb41 #ac1hbbl42 ,*9a1 #dh1gfb lb41 #aa1bdjl42 ,belgium1 #df1ecf lb41 #ad1baal42 ,briti% ,india1 #cc1bjh lb41 #aj1hihl42 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ad1fbe lb41 #edfal42 o!r c\ntries1 #dc1igh lb41 #ai1ahdl42 total1 #a1aed1jdc lb41 #fic1bfel4 7d7 ,cav5di% or ,negrohead3 ,f ,unit$ ,/ates1 #b1bdg1eeg lb41 value #hd1dbbl42 o!r c\ntries1 #de1jeb lb41 #aifdl42 total1 #b1bib1fji lb41 #hf1chfl4 7e7 ,cav5di%1 manufactur$ 9 bond3 #cc1jfi lb41 #gabfl4 7f7 ,o!r sorts1 includ+ cig>ettes3 ,f ,unit$ ,/ates1 #eb1bjf lb41 value #giiil42 ,holl&1 #be1bgc lb41 #acgbl42 ,*annel ,isl&s1 #ae1dgj lb41 #abgil42 ,g]many1 #ad1dgd lb41 #ddgbl42 ,france1 #idig lb41 #bcfhl42 ,belgium1 #gici lb41 #bjhfl42 o!r c\ntries1 #ab1cbh lb41 #chdel42 total1 #acg1ahg lb41 #bc1dbal4 ,foll[+ are /ati/ics ( ! imports ( tobacco = ! ye> #ahhd1 be+ ! late/ available4 ,,unmanufactur$ ,,tobacco4 ,quantity4 ,value4 ---------------------------------------- lb4 ,f ,g]many #a1dfd1cej #eg1dce 0 ,holl& #e1gbh1gdd #bdf1gie 0 ,belgium #bii1hfc #aj1iid 0 ,france #gcc1bjg #bc1ige 0 ,spa9 #a1bfe1cdg #bd1cgj 0 ,malta #ha1jbf #a1afj 0 ,turkey #a1aad1adc #df1ede 0 ,alg]ia #he1ehj #c1jha 0 ,briti% ,ea/ ,indies #iah1jff #aa1jhb 0 ,philipp9e ,isl&s #de1ihi #c1ghe ---------------------------------------- ,c>ri$ =w>d #aa1gcf1cae #dbi1bbb 0 ,*9a & ,hong ,kong #a1hac1bba #fc1eff 0 ,japan #a1hgf1ghg #df1jha 0 ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica #aej1jef #e1ahh 0 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #cg1ahf1ihj #a1ahc1ajb 0 ,spani% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s #cfa1jie #ag1igb 0 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,colombia #abb1egj #c1ehi 0 ,ecuador #gf1fdb #b1jhe 0 ,arg5t9e ,republic #aca1jac #b1igj 0 ,o!r ,c\ntries #ge1gbh #b1dgf ---------------------------------------- ,,total #ec1ecj1djg #a1gef1bea ,,cig>s4 ,quantity4 ,value4 ---------------------------------------- lb4 ,f ,d5m>k #b1cdi #a1bdc 0 ,g]many #aea1fej #df1eab 0 ,holl& #gh1dga #bb1bca 0 ,belgium #aji1chh #cb1ghi 0 ,*annel ,isl&s #b1eja #a1fde 0 ,france #di1cac #bd1jfa 0 ,gibralt> #a1dcg #ihb 0 ,malta #a1jjh #cij 0 ,greece #a1gej #fjj 0 ,briti% ,possessions 9 ,s\? ,africa #a1fae #fhg 0 ,briti% ,ea/ ,indies #ahh1ced #de1bah 0 ,philipp9e ,isl&s #bja1feb #ef1bjh 0 ,*9a & ,hong ,kong #be1fei #f1bdb 0 ,au/ralasia #c1gdj #hhc 0 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #aff1gdj #ih1eaj 0 ,briti% ,we/ ,indies & ,guiana #b1cac #a1aih 0 ,spani% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s #dfg1cae #dec1faj 0 ,dani% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s #b1ddh #a1eai 0 ,mexico #ei1gbg #cg1bdi 0 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,colombia #a1jjd #fhf 0 ,brazil #d1eai #b1jhi 0 ,o!r ,c\ntries #d1abg #b1jjh ---------------------------------------- -- ,,total #a1ebg1jhj #hcf1efj ,,cav5di% ,,or ,,negrohead4 ,quantity4 ,value4 ---------------------------------------- lb4 ,f ,*annel ,isl&s #gh1efi #e1aef 0 ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica #fd1iaj #c1bdd 0 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #a1bdc1gbj #ei1ghj 0 ,briti% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s #af1ccb #b1gfd 0 ,o!r ,c\ntries #cb1cae #a1fdf ---------------------------------------- ,,total #a1dce1hdf #gb1eij ,,snuff4 ,quantity4 ,value4 ---------------------------------------- lb4 ,f ,brazil #d1jii #hcj 0 ,o!r ,c\ntries #if #bd ---------------------------------------- ,,total #d1aie #hed ,,o!r ,,manufactur$ ,,tobacco4 ,quantity4 ,value4 ---------------------------------------- lb4 ,f ,g]many #i1iic #b1ibj 0 ,holl& #bj1feg #a1agc 0 ,belgium #g1gdj #a1faf 0 ,france #ag1ihe #b1hah 0 ,malta #e1ifh #a1eib 0 ,turkey #e1ddd #a1fgd 0 ,egypt #ca1ffb #ac1cjf 0 ,alg]ia #f1daj #a1ehj 0 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica #gf1dgb #bj1jci 0 ,spani% ,we/ ,india ,isl&s #f1bei #hfe 0 ,o!r ,c\ntries #i1fbe #a1ifh ---------------------------------------- ,,total #aih1bae #di1eea ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,bibliography4 ,j4 ,ne&]4 ,tabacologia4 ,lugduni-,batavorum3 #afbb4 ,b4 ,/ella4 ,il ,tabacco4 ,rome3 #affi4 ,s4 ,paulli4 ,treatise on ,tobacco1 c4 ,london3 #agdf4 ,p4 ,w9!r4 ,tobaks-plantn+4 ,kjoeb5havn3 #aggc4 ,j4 ,c>v]4 ,culture ( ! ,tobacco-plant4 ,london3 #aggi4 ,vill5euve4 ,culture1 ,fabrication et ,v5te du ,tabac4 ,p>is3 #agia4 ,w4 ,ta?am4 ,culture & ,comm]ce ( ,tobacco4 ,london3 #ahjj4 ,j5s ,fr4 ,beck]4 ,kort anviisn+ til tabaks-platn+4 ,viborg3 #ahji4 ,j4 ,e4 ,normann4 ,tobaksplant5s dyrkn+ i ,norge4 ,*ri/iania3 #ahaa4 ,m4 de ,tru*et4 ,culture du ,tabac en ,france4 ,p>is3 #ahaf4 ,m4 ,r4 ,flor4 ,om ,tobakavl4 ,*ri/iania3 #ahag4 ,h]mb/dt4 ,grndli*e ,anweisung zur ,cultur d] ,tabakpflanz54 ,b]l93 #ahbb4 ,t4 ,brodigan4 ,art ( ,gr[+ & ,cur+ ,tobacco 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,london3 #ahcj4 ,j4 ,j5n+s4 ,practical ,treatise on ,tobacco4 ,london3 #ahcj4 ,h4 ,j4 ,mell]4 ,nicotiana4 ,london3 #ahcb4 ,k4 ,c4 ,antz4 ,taba*i hi/oria4 ,b]ol9i3 #ahcf4 ,l4 ,a4 ,dem]say4 ,du ,tabac du ,p>aguay4 ,p>is3 #ahea4 ,babo und ,h(ack]4 ,d] ,tabak und se9 ,anbau4 ,k>lsruhe3 #aheb4 ,v4 ,p4 ,g4 ,demoor4 ,culture du ,tabac4 ,luxemb\rg3 #ahec4 ,f4 ,ti$emann4 ,ges*i*te des ,tabaks4 ,frankfurt3 #ahed4 ,c4 ,f]mond4 ,monographie du ,tabac4 ,p>is3 #aheg4 ,a4 ,/e9metz4 ,tobacco4 ,london3 #aheg4 ,h4 ,b4 ,prescott4 ,tobacco & its ,adult]ations4 ,london3 #aheh4 ,f4 ,w4 ,fairholt4 ,tobacco2 its ,hi/ory4 ,london3 #ahei1 #ahgf4 ,m4 ,c4 ,cooke4 ,! ,sev5 ,si/]s ( ,sleep4 ,london3 #ahfj4 ,h4 ,raibaud ,l',ange4 ,du ,tabac en ,prov5ce4 ,p>is3 #ahfj4 ,nessl]4 ,d] ,tabak4 ,mannheim3 #ahfj4 ,j4 ,l4 ,p4 ,fvre4 ,le ,tabac4 ,p>is3 #ahfc4 ,c4 ,e4 ,guys4 ,culture ( ,latakia ,tobacco4 ,te*nologi/1 ,london3 #ahfc4 ,mal+4 ,tobacco ,trade & ,cultivation ( ! ,di/rict ( ,cavalla4 ,te*nologi/1 ,london3 #ahfc4 ,r4 de ,co94 ,hi/ory & ,cultivation ( ,cotton & ,tobacco4 ,london3 #ahfd4 ,holzs*uh]4 ,d] ,tabakbau4 ,go?a3 #ahfd4 ,g4 ,a4 ,h5rieck4 ,du ,tabac4 ,p>is3 #ahff4 ,a4 ,imb]t-,c\rbeyre4 ,leons sur le ,tabac4 ,cl]mont-,f]r&3 #ahff4 ,s4 ,w4 ,johnson4 ,tobacco2 ,report ( ,*emi/ to ! ,connecticut ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4 #ahgc4 ,a4 de ,bec4 ,culture du ,tabac en ,france4 ,aix3 #ahge4 ,f4 ,a4 ,all>t4 ,culture du ,tabac4 ,abbeville3 #ahgf4 ,b4 ,t4 ,creighton4 ,culture ( ,tobacco 9 ,ohio4 ,ph>maceutical ,j\rnal1 ,london3 #ahgf4 ,d4 ,dcob]t4 ,culture du ,tabac4 ,lille3 #ahgf4 ,h(ack] und ,babo4 ,d] ,tabakbau4 ,b]l93 #ahgf4 ,a4 ,n\vel4 ,le ,tabac4 ,brive3 #ahgf4 ,notes sur la ,culture des ,tabacs4 ,p>is3 #ahgf4 ,r4 ,e4 ,burton4 ,cultivation ( ,tobacco4 ,sug> ,cane1 ,man*e/]3 #ahgg4 ,g4 ,cantoni4 ,l',indu/ria del ,tabacco4 ,annali di ,agricoltura1 ,rome3 #ahgi4 ,k4 ,s*iffmay]4 ,tobacco & its ,culture2 ,report ( ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t1 ,madras ,presid5cy4 ,madras3 #ahgi4 ,f4 ,alfonso4 ,tabac*i della ,sicilia4 ,pal]mo3 #ahhj4 ,f4 ,&]egg4 ,tabakbau 9 d] ,s*weiz4 ,*ur3 #ahhj4 ,o4 ,comes4 ,tabacco 9 ,italia4 ,l'agricolt4 m]idionale1 ,portici3 #ahha4 ,k4 ,w4 van ,gorkom4 ,de ,oo/-,indis*e ,cultures4 ,am/]dam3 #ahha4 ,j4 ,h4 ,zimm]mann4 ,tabaksbaub*le94 ,a>au3 #ahha4 ,j4 ,cl>k4 ,composition ( ,tobacco4 ,j\rnal ,soc4 ,*em4 ,indu/ry1 ,man*e/]3 #ahhd4 ,a s]ies ( ,prize ,essays on ,tobacco ,culture 9 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 publi%$ 9 pamphlet =m by ! ,orange ,judd ,co41 & conta9+ mu* valuable in=mation4 ,,index4 ,adult]ations ( tobacco1 #bfg-gj ,afghani/an1 tobacco 91 #acg ,african tobacco1 #ach ,aft]-cultivation1 #ed-fj ,album9oids 9 tobacco1 #bef ,am]ican tobacco1 #baj-bb ,am]s=t tobacco1 #f ,ammonia 9 tobacco1 #bee ,analyses ( tobacco1 #bfa ---- ---- ---- plants1 #bb ,area ( nurs]y1 #ei ---- to plant1 #ec ,artificial heat = dry+ tobacco1 #hi1 #ia ,a% ( tobacco1 #beh ,au/ralian tobacco1 #ada ,au/ro-,hung>ian tobacco1 #ada ,b>rels = tobacco1 #abe1 #abg ,be/ k9d ( tobacco to gr[1 #cc ,betun1 #aag ,bibliography ( tobacco1 #bgf ,big ,fr$]ic tobacco1 #cd1 #cg ---- ,or9oco tobacco1 #ce1 #cg ,black soil = tobacco gr[+1 #aj ,blue prior tobacco1 #cg ---- /alk tobacco1 #ce ---- vitriol = kill+ cat]pill>s1 #eh ,books on tobacco1 #bgf ,bornean tobacco1 #adb ,b\rbon tobacco1 #adc ,boxes = tobacco1 #abf ,brazilian tobacco1 #adc-g ,briti% tobacco1 #afd-f ,brittle /em tobacco1 #ce ,build+ dry+-%$s1 #hf1 #ij1 #ie ,bulk+ tobacco1 #aba-e ,bull tongue tobacco1 #ce ,cake tobacco1 #bcf ,calabrian tobacco1 #c ,cali=nian tobacco1 #c ,can>y ,isl& tobacco1 #adh ,cases = tobacco1 #abi ,cat]pill>s1 de/roy+1 #ee-fj ,cellulose 9 tobacco1 #beg ,c5tral ,asian tobacco1 #c ,*emical +r$i5ts ( tobacco soils1 #i ,*emi/ry ( tobacco1 #bei-ff ,*9ese tobacco1 #adh ,*lor9e comp\nds to be avoid$ 9 tobacco manures1 #be ,*oos+ sort ( tobacco1 #ca-g ,cig>ettes1 #bdf-h ,cig>s1 #bdd ,classify+ tobacco1 #aji-ba ,clay z a tobacco soil1 #i1 #aj ,climate = tobacco gr[+1 #g ,co*9 ,*9a tobacco1 #adi ,comm]ce 9 tobacco 9 ,afghani/an1 #acg ---- ,africa1 #ach ---- ,au/ralia1 #ada ---- ,au/ro-,hung>y1 #ada ---- ,borneo1 #adb ---- ,b\rbon1 #adc ---- ,brazil1 #adc-g ---- ,can>y ,isl&s1 #adh ---- ,*9a1 #adh ---- ,co*9 ,*9a1 #adi ---- ,co/a ,rica1 #adi ---- ,ecuador1 #adi ---- ,fiji1 #aej ---- ,france1 #aej-f ---- ,g]many1 #aef-fd ---- ,great ,brita91 #afd-f ---- ,greece1 #aff ---- ,holl&1 #aff ---- ,india1 #afg-gf ---- ,italy1 #agf ---- ,japan1 #agf ---- ,java1 #agf ---- ,new ,zeal&1 #agg ---- ,nic>agua1 #agg ---- ,p>aguay1 #agh ---- ,p]sia1 #agh-ia ---- ,philipp9es1 #aia ---- ,r\mania1 #aib ---- ,russia1 #aib ---- ,san ,salvador1 #aib ---- ,s]via1 #aib ---- ,spa91 #aib ---- ,sumatra1 #aic-bje ---- ,turkey1 #bje-aj ---- ,unit$ ,/ates1 #baj-bb ---- ,v5ezuela1 #bbb ---- ,we/ ,indies1 #bbc-cj ,conditions ( dry+-h\se1 #gh ,connecticut se$-leaf1 #cd ,consumption ( tobacco1 #bga ,corn z a %elt] = tobacco1 #fe ,co/a ,rica tobacco1 #adi ,crops adapt$ = rotation ) tobacco1 #ca ,cuban dry+ practices1 #aja ---- h>ve/+ practices1 #hc-f ---- manur+ practices1 #ae ---- plant+ practices1 #ea-d ---- tobacco1 #b1 #c1 #cd1 #cg ,cultivation ( tobacco1 #g-ff ,cur+ practices 9 ,cuba1 #hc-f ---- tobacco1 #fg-acf ,cutt+ ma*9e1 #bea ---- tobacco = smok+1 #bcc-e ---- ---- plants1 #fh ,damp+ tobacco1 #bca ,de/roy+ insects1 #ee-fj ,di/ance 9 plant+1 #ej ,doctor+ tobacco1 #acc-f ,dry+-h\se1 #ge ---- -%$s1 build+1 #hf1 #ij1 #ie ---- ----1 sizes (1 #ij ---- tobacco1 #hf-ajd ---- ---- = smok+1 #bce ,dung = tobacco soils1 #ad ,dut* tobacco1 #aff ,duties on tobacco1 #bga ,dye+ ! leaves1 #aai ,ecuador tobacco1 #adi ,elem5ts ne$$ by tobacco1 #aa-bi ,european tobacco plant1 #d ,exam9+ tobacco :ile dry+1 #hh ,f]m5t+ tobacco1 #aba-e ,f]tiliz]s1 pr9ciples (1 #ah-bb ,field1 prep>+1 #dh-ej ,fiji tobacco1 #aej ,fill+ vacancies1 #ec ,flav\r+ tobacco1 #acc-f ,fl[]s ( tobacco plants1 #c-f ,foliage ( tobacco plants1 #c-f ,f[ls1 protect+ se$-b$s f1 #df ,fr5* tobacco1 #aej-f ,fro/ at h>ve/ "t1 #gi ----1 protect+ se$-b$s f1 #dc1 #dg ,g]man tobacco1 #aef-fd ,grades ( tobacco1 #aji-ba ,graham tobacco1 #ce ,granulat+ ma*9e1 #bea ,greek tobacco1 #aff ,gre5-soil+ = tobacco1 #ad ,guano = tobacco soil1 #af ,gypsum = tobacco soil1 #bf ,h&s ( tobacco1 #ajg ,hang+ leaves 9 %$s1 #hh1 #ic1 #ie ---- split leaves1 #ha ---- tobacco1 #gb ,h>ve/+ = small plant]s1 #gf ---- tobacco1 #fg-hf ,hoe+ plants1 #ed ,hog%eads = tobacco1 #abf1 #abh ,hot-b$ = se$l+s1 #dd ,hung>ian tobacco1 #c ,imports ( tobacco1 #bga-e ,improv+ tobacco1 #acc-f ,indian tobacco1 #afg-gf ,italian tobacco1 #agf ,japanese tobacco1 #agf ,javanese tobacco1 #agf ,judg+ condition ( leaf1 #gd ,ka9it = tobacco soil1 #bd ,k5tucky leaf1 #cf ,latakia tobacco1 #b1 #c ,levant tobacco1 #c ,lime = tobacco soil1 #bh ,lit]ature on tobacco1 #bgf ,little ,fr$]ic tobacco1 #cd1 #cg ---- ,or9oco tobacco1 #ce1 #cg ,load+ cut tobacco leaves1 #gj ,loam z a tobacco soil1 #aj ,magnesia = tobacco soil1 #bh ,manilla tobacco1 #c ,manur+1 pr9ciples (1 #ah-bb ---- se$l+s1 #da ---- tobacco1 #aa-bi ,m>yl& tobacco1 #a ---- ---- z a crop1 #cc ,mat = keep+ fro/ (f1 #dg ,mexican tobacco1 #c ,mo? ( tobacco worm1 #ef ,nature ( tobacco1 #bec-ff ,new ,zeal& tobacco1 #agg ,nic>aguan tobacco1 #agg ,nicot9e1 #bec ,nitrates = tobacco soils1 #ac ,nitric acid 9 tobacco1 #bee ,nurs]ies1 #ch-dh ----1 %elt] =1 #ch ----1 situation =1 #ch ----1 soil =1 #ch ,nurs]y1 area (1 #ci ,organic matt] 9 tobacco soils1 #h ,pack+ tobacco1 #abe-cc ,p>aguay tobacco1 #agh ,pegg+ tobacco1 #ga ,p5nsylvania se$-leaf1 #cg ,p]sian tobacco1 #c1 #agh-ia ,philipp9e tobacco1 #aia ,pick+ tobacco1 #ajd-i ,plant+ out1 #ej-d ,plug tobacco1 #bcf ,pole-burn1 #gh ,pota% = tobacco gr[+1 #aa1 #bg ,prep>ation ( tobacco1 #bca-eb ,prep>+ field1 #dh-ej ---- se$-b$s1 #ch1 #da1 #dc1 #dd ,press+ tobacco 9 casks1 #abh1 #aca1 #acc ,prim+1 #fb1 #fe ,pr9ciples ( manur+1 #ah-bb ,production ( tobacco 9 ,afghani/an1 #acg ---- ,africa1 #ach ---- ,au/ralia1 #ada ---- ,au/ro-,hung>y1 #ada ---- ,borneo1 #adb ---- ,b\rbon1 #adc ---- ,brazil1 #adc-g ---- ,can>y ,isl&s1 #adh ---- ,*9a1 #adh ---- ,co*9 ,*9a1 #adi ---- ,co/a ,rica1 #adi ---- ,ecuador1 #adi ---- ,fiji1 #aej ---- ,france1 #aej-f ---- ,g]many1 #aef-fd ---- ,great ,brita91 #afd-f ---- ,greece1 #aff ---- ,holl&1 #aff ---- ,india1 #afg-gf ---- ,italy1 #agf ---- ,japan1 #agf ---- ,java1 #agf ---- ,new ,zeal&1 #agg ---- ,nic>agua1 #agg ---- ,p>aguay1 #agh ---- ,p]sia1 #agh-ia ---- ,philipp9es1 #aia ---- ,r\mania1 #aib ---- ,russia1 #aib ---- ,san ,salvador1 #aib ---- ,s]via1 #aib ---- ,spa91 #aib ---- ,sumatra1 #aic-bje ---- ,turkey1 #bje-aj ---- ,unit$ ,/ates1 #baj-bb ---- ,v5ezuela1 #bbb ---- ,we/ ,indies1 #bbc-cj 4sp #a ,prop]ties ( tobacco1 #bec-ff ,qualities ( tobacco1 #aji-ba ,quantity ( manure = tobacco1 #ab ,quicklime = tobacco soil1 #bd ,qu9cunx plant+1 #eb ,rate ( gr[? ( tobacco1 #bd ,remov+ sup]flu\s leaves1 #fb1 #fe ,resweat+ app>atus1 #bdi ,ridg+ l&1 #di ,rip5ess1 influ5ce on tobacco1 #fa ---- ( tobacco1 judg+1 #gj ,rip5+1 #fa ,riv] bottoms = tobacco gr[+1 #aj ,roll tobacco1 #bcf-dd ,rotation = tobacco soils1 #bi-ca ,r\manian tobacco1 #aib ,russian tobacco1 #aib ,saltpetre z tobacco manure1 #ac ,salts add$ to snuff1 #bfd ---- 9 tobacco1 #bei ,s&y bottoms = tobacco gr[+1 #i ,san ,salvador tobacco1 #aib ,sav+ se$1 #cg ,scaffold+ = tobacco1 #ge ,se$1 #cg ---- -b$s1 #ch-dh ---- ----1 area (1 #ci ---- ----1 prep>+1 #ch1 #da1 #dc1 #dd ---- ----1 protect+ f f[ls1 #df ---- ----1 ---- ---- fro/1 #dc1 #dg ---- ----1 %ade frames =1 #dh ---- ----1 %elt] =1 #ch ---- ----1 situation =1 #ch ---- ----1 soil =1 #ch ---- ----1 "t = s[+1 #da ,se$l+s1 hot-b$ =1 #dd ----1 plant+ out1 #ej-d ----1 ?9n+ out1 #dj1 #dh ----1 top-dress+1 #da ---- 1 wat]+1 #dj ---- 1 we$+1 #dj1 #df ,se$ requir$ = an acre1 #ci ----1 s[+1 #ci1 #de ,s]vian tobacco1 #aib ,sett+ out plants1 #ej-d ,%ade frames = se$-b$s1 #dh ,%$s = hold+ tobacco z ga!r$1 #fh ,%elt] = nurs]ies1 #ch ,%elt]+ tobacco f w9d1 #aj ---- ---- l&s ) corn1 #fe ,%iraz tobacco1 #c ,signs ( rip5+1 #gb ,situation = nurs]ies1 #ch ---- ---- plantations1 #aj ,sizes ( tobacco b>ns1 #ij ,snuff1 #bdh1 #bfc ---- tobacco1 #fa ,soil = nurs]ies1 #ch ---- ---- plantations1 #h-aj ,sort+ tobacco1 #aji-ba ---- ---- = use1 #bcb ,sort ( tobacco to gr[1 #ca-g ,sorts ( tobacco gr[n 9 ,am]ica1 #cc-g ,s[+ se$1 #ci1 #de ,spani% tobacco1 #cg1 #aib ,spe>+ tobacco1 #gb ,species ( tobacco1 #a-c ,splitt+ tobacco1 #gb ,spong+ ! leaves1 #aai ,/ack+ ga!r$ tobacco leaves1 #fg ,/raw mat = keep+ fro/ (f1 #dg ,/ripp+ tobacco1 #ajd-i ---- ---- = use1 #bcb ,sub/itutes = tobacco1 #bfg-gj ,suck]+ plants1 #fj-f ,sumatran tobacco1 #aic-bje ,sun-cur+ %$1 #hc ---- -dry+ cut tobacco leaves1 #fh ,sweat+ tobacco1 #aba-e ,tau>i wrapp]s1 #adc ,tempor>y hang+ = tobacco1 #fh ,teymbeki1 #agi-ia ,?9n+ out se$l+s1 #dj1 #dh ,"t = h>ve/+ tobacco1 #fi ---- ---- topp+1 #fj1 #fa1 #fc ---- ( day = cutt+ tobacco1 #gg ---- requir$ = cur+1 #ib ,tobacco horse1 #gb ---- plant1 #a-f ,top-dress+ se$l+s1 #da ,topp+ plants1 #fj-f ,tumbeki1 #agh-ia ,turkeys z grub-eat]s1 #ee ,turki% tobacco1 #b1 #c1 #bje-aj ,twi/ tobacco1 #bcf-dd ,ty+ tobacco = hang+1 #ig ,unit$ ,/ates tobacco1 #baj-bb ,use ( tobacco1 #bca-eb ,values ( tobaccos1 #bga ,v>ieties ( tobacco1 #a-c ,v5ezuelan tobacco1 #bbb ,v5tilat+ dry+-%$s1 #hh ,virg9ian tobacco1 #b1 #cd-g ,wa%+ tobacco :5 sort+1 #aag ,wat]+ plants :5 sett+ out1 #ea ---- se$l+s1 #dj ,wat] 9 tobacco1 #bfb ,we$+ se$l+s1 #dj1 #df ,weigh+ & pack+ ma*9e1 #bej ,we/ ,indian tobacco1 #bbc-cj ,w9dr[+ tobacco1 #abd ,w9d %elt] = tobacco1 #aj ,wood-a%es z tobacco manure1 #ad ,worms1 de/roy+1 #ee-fj ,yell[ prior tobacco1 #cg ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,william ,,cl[es ,,& ,,sons1 ,,limit$1 ,,/am=d ,,/reet ,,& ,,*>+ ,,cross4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,useful ,,books ,,= ,,! 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