,,folklore ,,( ,,scotti% ,,lo*s ,,& ,,spr+s4 ,,by ,,james ,m4 ,,mack9lay1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4,scot4 ,,glasg[3 ,,william ,,hodge ,co4 #ahic4 ,,prefatory ,,note4 ,no "w giv+ a compreh5sive acc\nt ( ,well-wor%ip 9 ,scotl& has yet appe>$4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,hope's rec5t volume1 ,holy ,wells3 ,_! ,leg5ds & ,traditions1 discusses ! subject 9 its relation to ,engl&4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages an attempt has be5 made to illu/rate ! m out/&+ facts associat$ ) ! cult nor? ( ! ,twe$4 ,v>i\s holy wells are ref]r$ to by "n2 b ! li/ makes no claim to be exhau/ive4 ,j4 ,m4 ,m4 #d ,we/b\rne ,g>d5s1 ,glasg[1 ,decemb]1 #ahic4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,wor%ip ( ,wat]1 #a ,,ii4 ,h[ ,wat] became ,holy1 #bd ,,iii4 ,sa9ts & ,spr+s1 #ci ,,iv4 ,m ,sa9ts & ,spr+s1 #ef ,v4 ,/one ,blocks & ,sa9ts' ,spr+s1 #gb ,,vi4 ,heal+ & ,holy ,wells1 #hf ,,vii4 ,wat]-,cures1 #ajh ,,viii4 ,"s ,wond]ful ,wells1 #abh ,,ix4 ,witness ( ,wat]1 #adj ,x4 ,wat]-,spirits1 #aee ,,xi4 ,m ,wat]-,spirits1 #aga ,,xii4 ,(f]+s at ,lo*s & ,spr+s1 #ahh ,,xiii4 ,wea!r & ,wells1 #bac ,,xiv4 ,trees & ,spr+s1 #bcj ,,xv4 ,*>m-,/ones 9 & out ( ,wat]1 #bda ,,xvi4 ,pilgrimages to ,wells1 #bfc ,,xvii4 ,sun-,wor%ip & ,well-,wor%ip1 #bhj ,,xviii4 ,wi%+-,wells1 #cad ,,xix4 ,mean+ ( ,m>vels1 #cbd ,among ! works consult$ are ! foll[+1 ! titles be+ giv5 9 alphabetical ord]3-- ,a ,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,john ,mac,culloch1 ,m4,d4 #ahai4 ,a ,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s4 ,by ,m4 ,m>t94 ,circa #afie4 ,a ,h&book ( ,wea!r ,folklore4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,swa9son1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! belief 9 ,wit*craft 9 ,scotl&4 ,by ,*>les ,kirkpatrick ,%>pe4 ,a ,j\rney ?r\gh ! ,we/]n ,c\nties ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,rob]t ,h]on4 #agii4 ,anci5t ,leg5ds3 ,my/ic ,*>ms & ,sup]/itions ( ,irel&4 ,by ,lady ,wilde4 ,an ,etymological ,diction>y ( ! ,scotti% ,language4 ,by ,john ,jamieson1 ,d4,d4 ,annals ( ,dunf]ml9e & ,vic9ity4 ,by ,eb5ez] ,h5d]son1 ,,ll4,d4 ,antiquities & ,sc5]y ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,rev4 ,*>les ,cord9]4 #aghj4 ,ar*ological ,sket*es 9 ,scotl&3 ,di/ricts ( ,k9tyre & ,knapdale4 ,by ,capta9 ,t4 ,p4 ,:ite4 ,a ,t\r 9 ,scotl& & ,voyage to ! ,hebrides1 ,,mdcclxxii4 ,by ,?omas ,p5nant4 ,a ,t\r 9 ,scotl&1 ,,mdcclxix4 ,by ,?omas ,p5nant4 ,britannia2 or1 ,a ,*orographical ,description ( ! ,fl\ri%+ ,k+doms ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&1 & ! ,isl&s adjac5t1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,antiquity4 ,by ,william ,camd54 ,translat$ f ! edition publi%$ by ! ,au?or 9 ,,mdcvii4 ,enl>g$ by ! late/ discov]ies by ,ri*>d ,g\gh4 ,! second edition 9 f\r volumes4 #ahjf4 ,celtic ,hea!ndom4 ,by ,pr(essor ,john ,rhys4 ,celtic ,scotl&3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,alban4 ,by ,william ,=bes ,sk5e4 ,*ur*lore ,glean+s4 ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,?iselton ,dy]4 ,daemonologie 9 ,=me ( a ,dialogve4 ,writt5 by ! ,high & ,mightie ,pr9ce ,james1 by ! ,grace ( ,god ,k+ ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,france1 & ,irel&2 ,def5d] ( ! ,fai?4 #afjc4 ,descriptive ,notices ( "s ( ! ,anci5t ,p>o*ial & ,collegiate ,*ur*es ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,muir4 ,dome/ic ,annals ( ,scotl& f ! ,re=mation to ! ,revolution4 ,by ,rob]t ,*amb]s1 ,,ll4,d4 ,ecclesiological ,notes on "s ( ! ,isl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,muir4 ,engli% ,folklore4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,f4 ,?iselton ,dy]1 ,m4,a4 ,essays 9 ! ,/udy ( ,folk ,songs4 ,by ! ,c\ntess ,evelyn ,m>t95go-,ces>esco4 ,e?nology 9 ,folklore4 ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,gomme4 ,folklore4 ,folklore ,j\rnal4 ,folklore ( ,ea/ ,york%ire4 ,by ,john ,ni*olson4 ,folklore ( ,%akespe>e4 ,by ,rev4 ,t4 ,f4 ,?iselton ,dy]1 ,m4,a4 ,oxon4 ,folklore2 or1 ,sup]/iti\s ,beliefs 9 ! ,we/ ( ,scotl& )9 ?is ,c5tury4 ,by ,james ,napi]1 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,gairlo* 9 ,nor?-we/ ,ross-%ire3 ,its ,records1 ,traditions1 ,inhabitants1 & ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,by ,john ,h4 ,dixon4 ,hi/orical & ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,dunf]ml9e4 ,by ,rev4 ,pet] ,*alm]s1 ,a4,m4 ,kal5d>s ( ,scotti% ,sa9ts4 ,by ! late ,alex&] ,p5rose ,=bes1 ,bi%op ( ,bre*94 ,lett]s f a ,g5tleman 9 ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& to 8 ,fri5d 9 ,london4 ,burt's ,lett]s4 #aged4 ,li/ ( ,m>kets & ,fairs n[ & =m]ly held 9 ,scotl&4 ,by ,sir ,james ,david ,m>wick1 ,,ll4,d4 ,memorabilia ,dome/ica2 or1 ,p>i% ,life 9 ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&4 ,by ! late ,rev4 ,donald ,sage1 ,a4,m41 ,m9i/] ( ,resolis4 ,new ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&4 ,circa #ahde4 ,notes & ,qu]ies4 ,notes on ! ,folklore ( ! ,nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,gregor4 ,notes on ! ,folklore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties ( ,engl& & ! ,bord]s4 ,by ,william ,h5d]son4 ,obs]vations on ,popul> ,antiquities1 includ+ ! :ole ( ,mr4 ,b\rne's ,antiquitates ,vulg>es4 ,by ,john ,br&1 ,a4,m4 ,old ,glasg[3 ,! ,place & ! ,p4 ,by ,&rew ,mac,george4 ,old ,scotti% ,cu/oms1 ,local & ,g5]al4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,gu?rie4 ,ordnance ,gazette] ( ,scotl&4 ,edit$ by ,francis ,h4 ,groome4 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$54 ,by ,l4 ,lloyd4 ,popul> ,antiquities ( ,great ,brita94 ,by ,john ,br&1 ,m4,a4 ,popul> ,romances ( ! ,we/ ( ,engl&4 ,by ,rob]t ,hunt1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,popul> ,tales ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,campbell4 ,pre-hi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,daniel ,wilson1 ,,ll4,d4 ,pre-hi/oric ,man4 ,by ,daniel ,wilson1 ,,ll4,d4 ,primitive ,culture4 ,by ,edw>d ,b4 ,tylor1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&4 ,old ,s]ies1 #ahea-ahgh2 ,new ,s]ies1 #ahgh-ahia4 ,rambles 9 ! ,f> ,nor?4 ,by ,r4 ,m5zies ,f]gusson4 ,sc5es & ,leg5ds ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&2 or1 ,! ,traditional ,hi/ory ( ,crom>ty4 ,by ,hugh ,mill]4 ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times4 ,by ,joseph ,&]son1 ,,ll4,d4 ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,! ,bronze & ,iron ,ages4 ,by ,joseph ,&]son1 ,,ll4,d4 ,scotl& 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,by ,pr(essor ,cosmo ,innes4 ,social ,life 9 ,scotl&4 ,by ,*>les ,rog]s1 ,,ll4,d4 ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,sir ,john ,s9clair4 ,circa #agih4 ,! ,antiqu>y4 ,! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal4 ,publi%$ "u ! direction ( ,! ,c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,ar*ological ,in/itute ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,! ,book ( ,days3 ,a ,miscellany ( ,popul> ,antiquities 9 connection ) ! ,cal5d>4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,*amb]s4 ,! ,d>k] ,sup]/itions ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,john ,graham ,dalyell4 #ahcd4 ,! ,e>ly ,scotti% ,*ur*3 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ( ,scotl& f ! ,fir/ to ! ,twelf? ,c5turies4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,?omas ,m',lau*lan4 ,! ,e-,day ,book4 ,by ,william ,hone4 ,! ,folklore ( ,plants4 ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,?iselton ,dy]4 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e ,libr>y--,mann]s & ,cu/oms4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,l4 ,gomme1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e ,libr>y--,popul> ,sup]/itions4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,l4 ,gomme1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh3 ,a ,/udy 9 ,comp>ative ,religion4 ,by ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 ,m4,a4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t4 ,by ,*>les1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,glasg[4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,kilda4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,k5ne? ,macaulay1 m9i/] ( ,ardnamur*an4 #agfi4 ,! ,leg5d>y ,lore ( ! ,holy ,wells ( ,engl&1 includ+ ,riv]s1 ,lakes1 ,f\nta9s1 & ,spr+s4 ,by ,r4 ,c4 ,hope1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,! ,orig9 ( ,civilisation4 ,by ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 ,b>t4 ,! ,pa/ 9 ! ,pres5t4 ,by ,ar?ur ,mit*ell1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,! ,popul> ,rhymes ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,rob]t ,*amb]s4 #ahbf4 ,! ,popul> ,sup]/itions & ,fe/ive ,amusem5ts ( ! ,highl&]s ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,william ,grant ,/ew>t4 ,! ,surnames & ,plac5ames ( ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,moore1 ,m4,a4 ,traditions1 ,sup]/itions1 & ,folklore 7*iefly ,lanca%ire & ! ,nor? ( ,engl&74 ,by ,*>les ,h>dwick4 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip4 ,by ,james ,f]gusson1 ,d4,c4,l41 ,f4,r4,s4 ',twixt ,b5 ,nevis & ,gl5coe3 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,leg5ds1 & ,folklore ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,/ew>t1 ,,ll4,d4 ,unique ,traditions1 *iefly ( ! ,we/ & ,s\? ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,john ,gordon ,b>b\r4 ,wayf>+ 9 ,france4 ,by ,e4 ,h4 ,b>k]4 ,wea!r-lore3 ,a ,collection ( ,prov]bs1 ,say+s1 & ,rules conc]n+ ! ,wea!r4 ,by ,r4 ,inw>ds1 ,f4,r4,a4,s4 ,wit*1 ,w>lock1 & ,magician4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,dav5port ,adams4 ,,folklore ,,( ,,scotti% ,,lo*s ,,& ,,spr+s4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,wor%ip ,,( ,,wat]4 ,ar*aic ,nature-wor%ip--,deification ( ,wat] ,metaphors--,div9ation by ,wat]--,p]si/5ce ( ,paganism--,%ony--,sup]/itions ( ,sailors & ,fi%]m5--,sea ,s]p5t--,m]-folk--,sea ,*>ms--,tak+ ,animals into ! ,sea--,rescu+ f ,dr[n+--,anci5t ,beliefs ab\t ,riv]s--,dead & ,liv+ ,=d--,clay ,image--,dunskey--,lakes--,d[ ,lo*--,/4 ,vigeans--,/4 ,tr$well's ,lo*--,wells ( ,spey & ,dra*aldy--,survival ( ,well-wor%ip--,disappe>ance ( ,spr+s--,/4 ,m>g>et's ,well--,an?ropomorphism ( ,spr+s--,celtic ,influ5ce--,cream ( ! ,well4 ,9 glanc+ at ! sup]/itions connect$ ) ,scotti% lo*s & spr+s1 we are call$ ^u to scan a *apt] ( our social hi/ory n yet clos$4 ,a some:at scanty am\nt ( in=mation is available to expla9 ! orig9 & gr[? ( su* sup]/itions1 b en\gh c be _h to connect !m ) ar*aic nature-wor%ip4 ,9 ! d>k dawn ( our annals mu* confusion exi/$ among our ance/ors conc]n+ ! out] _w1 :i* s /rongly appeal$ to _! s5ses4 ,!y _h v vague notions reg>d+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at we n[ call ! ,natural & ! ,sup]natural4 ,inde$ all nature 0 to !m sup]natural4 ,!y look$ on sun1 moon1 & />1 on m\nta9 & =e/1 on riv]1 lake1 & sea z ! abodes ( div9ities1 or ev5 z div9ities !mselves4 ,^! div9ities1 !y ?\ght1 c\ld ei!r help or hurt man1 & ought !re=e to be propitiat$4 ,h5ce sprang c]ta9 cu/oms :i* h surviv$ to our own "t4 ,m5 knock$ at ! gate ( ,nature1 b 7 n admitt$ )94 ,f ! unkn[n recesses !re came to !m only tones ( my/]y4 ,9 anci5t times wat] 0 deifi$ ev5 by su* civilis$ nations z ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & to-day x is rev]$ z a god by untutor$ savages4 ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 %[s1 by ref]5ce to ! works ( travell]s1 :at a hold ?is cult /ill has 9 regions :]e ! natives h n yet ris5 above ! poly!i/ic /age ( religi\s developm5t4 ,dr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor =cibly rem>ks1 9 8 ,primitive ,culture1 ,:at e?nography has to tea* ( t great elem5t ( ! religion ( mank9d1 ! wor%ip ( well & lake1 brook & riv]1 is simply ?is--t :at is poetry to u 0 philosophy to e>ly man2 t to 8 m9d wat] act$ n by laws ( =ce1 b by life & w2 t ! wat]-spirits ( primval my?ology are z s\ls :i* cause ! wat]'s ru% & re/1 its k9dness & its cruelty2 t1 la/ly1 man f9ds 9 ! be+s :i*1 ) su* p[]1 c "w him weal & woe1 deities ) a wid] influ5ce ov] 8 life1 deities to be fe>$ & lov$1 to be pray$ to & prais$1 & propitiat$ ) sacrificial gifts4 ,9 speak+ ( inanimate objects1 we (t5 ascribe life to !m2 b our words are metaphors1 & no?+ m4 ,at an e>li] "t su* phrases express$ real beliefs1 & 7 n simply ! outcome ( a poetic imag9ation4 ,keats1 9 "o ( 8 ,sonnets1 speaks ( ,! mov+ wat]s at _! prie/-l task ,( pure ablution r\nd ,e>?'s human %ore4 ,"h he gives u ! poetical & n ! actual int]pretation ( a natural ph5om5on4 ,we may1 if we *oose1 talk ( ! wor%ip ( wat] z a cre$ outworn1 b x is /ill ) u1 ?\gh "u v>i\s disguises4 ,"u ! =m ( rites ( div9ation practis$ z an amusem5t by "y p]sons1 su* survivals (t5 conceal _! real orig94 ,! hi/ory ( sup]/ition tea*es u ) :at p]si/5ce pagan beliefs hold _! gr\nd 9 ! mid/ ( a ,*ri/ian civilisation4 ,m>t91 :o visit$ ! ,we/]n ,isl&s at ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 f\nd h[ true ?is 0 9 _m details ( daily life4 ,a cu/om connect$ ) anci5t sea-wor%ip _h be5 popul> among ! inhabitants ( ,lewis till ab\t ?irty-ye>s be=e 8 visit1 b _h be5 suppress$ by ! ,prote/ant cl]gy on acc\nt ( its pagan "*4 ,?is 0 an annual sacrifice at ,hall[-tide to a sea god call$ ,%ony4 ,m>t9 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! c]emony3--,! inhabitants r\nd ! isl& came to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,mulvay1 hav+ ea* man 8 provision along ) him2 e family furni%$ a peck ( malt1 & ?is 0 brew$ into ale2 "o ( _! numb] 0 pick$ out to wade into ! sea up to ! middle1 &1 c>ry+ a cup ( ale 9 8 h&1 /&+ /ill 9 t po/ure1 cri$ out ) a l\d voice1 say+1 ',%ony1 ,i give y ?is cup ( ale1 hop+ t y'll be s k9d z to s5d u pl5ty ( sea-w>e = enri*+ our gr\nd ! ensu+ ye>1' & s ?rew ! cup ( ale into ! sea4 ,?is 0 p]=m$ 9 ! night-"t4 ,sailors & fi%]m5 /ill *]i% sup]/itions ( _! own4 ,maje/y is n ! only feature ( ! *angeful ocean t /rikes !m4 ,!y are ke5ly alive to its my/]y & to ! possibilities ( life )9 its dep?s4 ,/range creatures h _! home !re1 ! mighty sea s]p5t & ! less =midable m]m5 & m]maid5s4 ,among ! ,%etl& isl&s m]-folk 7 recognis$ d5iz5s ( ! sea1 & 7 kn[n by ! "n ( ,sea-tr[s4 ,^! s+ul> be+s dwelt 9 ! caves ( ocean1 & came up to disport !mselves on ! %ores ( ! isl&s4 ,a fav\rite haunt ( !irs 0 ! ,ve ,sk]ries1 ab\t sev5 miles nor?-we/ ( ,papa-,/\r4 ,!y usually rose ?r\gh ! wat] 9 ! %ape ( seals1 & :5 !y rea*$ ! bea* !y slipp$ (f _! sk9s & appe>$ l ord9>y mortals1 ! females be+ ( exce$+ beauty4 ,if ! sk9s c\ld be snat*$ away on ^! occasions1 _! own]s 7 p[]less to escape into ! sea aga94 ,sometimes ^! creatures 7 entangl$ 9 ! nets ( fi%]m5 or 7 caught by hooks4 ,if !y 7 %ot :5 9 seal =m1 a tempe/ arose z soon z _! blood 0 m+l$ ) ! wat] ( ! sea4 ,a family liv+ )9 rec5t times 0 believ$ to be desc5d$ f a human fa!r & a m]maid "m1 ! man hav+ captur$ 8 bride by /eal+ h] seal's sk94 ,aft] "s ye>s sp5t on l& ?is sea lady recov]$ h] sk91 & at once return$ to h] native elem5t4 ,! memb]s ( ! family 7 said to h h&s be>+ "s resemblance to ! =efeet ( a seal4 ,( all ! old my?ological exi/5ces ( ,scotl&1 rem>ks ,hugh ,mill]1 9 8 ,sc5es & ,leg5ds ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 !re 0 none ) :om ! p ( ,crom>ty 7 bett] acqua9t$ ?an ) ! m]maid4 ,?irty ye>s h n yet gone by s9ce %e has be5 se5 by moonlight sitt+ on a /one 9 ! sea1 a little to ! ea/ ( ! t[n2 & sc>cely a w9t] pass$1 =ty ye>s e>li]1 9 :i* %e 0 n he>d s++ among ! rocks or se5 braid+ up h] long yell[ tresses on ! %ore4 ,! magical p[] ascrib$ to ! sea is %[n 9 an ,orcadian wit* *>m us$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! *>m _h to d ) ! *urn+ ( butt]4 ,:oev] wi%$ to take advantage ( x wat*$ on ! bea* till n9e waves roll$ 94 ,at ! reflux ( ! la/ ! *>m] took ?ree h&fuls ( wat] f ! sea & c>ri$ !m home 9 a pail4 ,if ?is wat] 0 put into ! *urn !re w\ld be a pl5tiful supply ( butt]4 ,sea wat] 0 also us$ = curative purposes1 ! pati5t be+ dipp$ aft] sunset4 ,?is *>m 0 ?\ght to sav\r /rongly ( ! black art4 ,allusion has be5 made above to ! ris+ ( a /orm 9 connection ) ! w\nd+ ( a sea-tr[ 9 ,%etl&4 ,accord+ to an ,orcadian sup]/ition1 ! sea began to swell :5ev] anyone ) a piece ( iron ab\t him /ept ^u a c]ta9 rock at ! ,n\p ,head ( ,we/ray4 ,n till ! (f5d+ metal 0 ?r[n into ! wat] did ! sea become calm aga94 ,wallace1 a m9i/] at ,kirkwall t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 m5tions ?is belief 9 8 ,description ( ! ,isles ( ,orkney1 & says t he (f]$ a man a %ill+ to try ! exp]im5t1 b ! (f] 0 refus$4 ,x does n seem to h occurr$ to him to make ! exp]im5t himself4 ,among ! anci5t ,romans ! bull 0 sacr$ to ,neptune1 ! sea god1 & 0 sacrific$ 9 8 hon\r4 ,9 our own c\ntry we f9d a sugge/ion ( ! same rite1 ?\gh 9 a modifi$ =m1 9 ! cu/om prevail+ at "o "t ( lead+ animals into ! sea on c]ta9 fe/ivals4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,clonmany 9 ,irel& x 0 =m]ly cu/om>y on ,/4 ,columba's ,day1 ! n9? ( ,june1 to drive cattle to ! bea* & swim !m 9 ! sea ne> to :]e ! wat] f ! ,sa9t's well fl[$ 94 ,9 ,scotl& horses seem at "o "t to h und]gone a simil> treatm5t at ,lammas-tide4 ,dalyell1 9 8 ,d>k] ,sup]/itions ( ,scotl&1 m5tions t 9 ,july1 #afdg1 ! kirk-session ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,*ur*1 ,ed9burgh1 resolv$ on intimat+ publicly 't non goe to ,lei? on ,lambmes-day1 nor tak _! horses to be wa%$ t day 9 ! sea4' ,a belief at "o "t exi/$ t x 0 unlucky to rescue a dr[n+ man f ! grasp ( ! sea4 ,?is sup]/ition is ref]r$ to by ,sir ,walt] ,scott 9 ,! ,pirate1 9 ! sc5e :]e ,bryce ! p$l> w>ns ,mordaunt aga9/ sav+ a %ipwreck$ sailor4 ,are y mad1 said ! p$l>1 y t h liv$ sae lang 9 ,zetl&1 to risk ! sav+ ( a dr[n+ man8 ,wot ye n1 if y br+ him to life aga91 he w be sure to d y "s capital injury8 ,we discov] ! key to ?is /range sup]/ition 9 ! idea ent]ta9$ by savages t ! p]son fall+ into ! wat] becomes ! prey ( ! mon/] or demon inhabit+ t elem5t2 &1 z ,dr4 ,tylor aptly rem>ks1 to save a s9k+ man is to snat* a victim f ! v clut*es ( ! wat]-_s--a ra% defiance ( deity :i* w\ld h>dly pass unav5g$4 ,folklore ?us br+s u face to face ) beliefs :i* owe _! orig9 to ! primitive wor%ip ( ! sea4 ,x also all[s u to cat* a glimpse ( riv]s1 lakes1 & spr+s z ^! 7 reg>d$ by our di/ant ance/ors4 ,:5 we rememb] t1 accord+ to a b>b>ic notion1 ! curr5t ( a /ream fl[s d[n along "o bank & up along ! o!r1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t v crude fancies conc]n+ wat] at "o "t fl\ri%$ 9 our l&4 ,ev5 to u1 ) n9ete5?-c5tury sci5ce )9 rea*1 h[ my/]i\s a riv] seems1 z1 9 ! quiet gloam+ or 9 ! grey dawn1 x glides along b5ea? ov]hang+ trees1 & h[ full ( life x is :51 swoll5 by ra91 x ru%es =w>d 9 a resi/less flood6 ,h[ mu* m awe-inspir+ x mu/ h be5 to m5 ignorant ( ! commone/ laws ( ,nature6 ,well might its *annel be reg>d$ z ! home ( a _s eag] to waylay & de/roy ! too-v5turesome pass]-by4 ,riv]s1 h[ev]1 7 n always reckon$ ! enemies ( man1 = exp]i5ce %[$ t !y 7 helpful1 z well z hurtful1 to him4 ,! ,tib]1 = in/ance1 0 reg>d$ ) rev]5ce by ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,rome4 ,:o does n rememb] ! sc5e 9 "o ( ,macaulay's ,lays1 :]e1 aft] ! bridge has be5 hewn d[n to block ! passage ( ,l>s ,pors5a & 8 ho/1 ! valiant ,horatius exclaims-- ,o ,tib]6 fa!r ,tib]6 ,to :om ! ,romans pray2 ,a ,roman's life1 a ,roman's arms1 ,take ?\ 9 *>ge ?is day8 ,!n ) 8 h>ness on 8 back he plunges headlong into ! flood1 & rea*es ! o!r side 9 safety4 ,9 ,*ri/ian art pagan symbolism cont9u$ long to fl\ri%4 ,pro( ( ?is be>+ on ! pres5t subject is to be f\nd 9 a mosaic at ,rav5na1 ( ! six? c5tury1 repres5t+ ! baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,! wat] fl[s f an inv]t$ urn1 held by a v5]able figure typify+ ! riv] god ( ! ,jordan1 ) re$s gr[+ beside 8 head1 & snakes coil+ ar\nd x4 ,9 our own c\ntry heal+ virtue 0 attribut$ to wat] tak5 f :at 0 call$ a dead & liv+ =d1 i4e41 a =d :]e ! dead 7 c>ri$ & ! liv+ walk$ across4 ,! same belief 0 ent]ta9$ ) reg>d to ! wat] ( a s\?-runn+ /ream4 ,! pati5t _h to g to ! spot & dr9k ! wat] & wa% himself 9 x4 ,sometimes 8 %irt 0 tak5 by ano!r1 &1 aft] be+ dipp$ 9 ! s\?-runn+ /ream1 0 br\ght back & put wet ^u him4 ,a wet %irt 0 also us$ z a ,hall[e'en *>m to =etell its own]'s matrimonial future4 ,! left sleeve ( ! %irt 0 to be dipp$ 9 a riv] :]e ?ree lairds' l&s met4 ,x 0 !n to be hung up ov]night be=e ! fire4 ,if c]ta9 rules 7 att5d$ to1 ! figure ( ! future sp\se w\ld appe> & turn ! sleeve 9 ord] to dry ! o!r side4 ,9 ! ,highl&s ! wat] ( a /ream 0 us$ = purposes ( sorc]y till q lately4 ,:5 any "o wi%$ evil to ano!r he made a clay image ( ! p]son to be injur$1 & plac$ x 9 a /ream ) ! head ( ! image aga9/ ! curr5t4 ,x 0 believ$ t1 z ! clay 0 dissolv$ by ! wat]1 ! heal? ( ! p]son repres5t$ w\ld decl9e4 ,! spell1 h[ev]1 w\ld be brok5 if ! image 0 discov]$ & remov$ f ! /ream4 ,9 ! c\nties ( ,su!rl& & ,ross ! practice surviv$ till )9 ! la/ few ye>s4 ,ne> ,dunskey1 9 ! p>i% ( ,portpatrick1 ,wigt[n%ire1 is a /ream :i*1 at ! end ( la/ c5tury1 0 mu* resort$ to by ! cr$ul\s = its heal?-giv+ prop]ties4 ,visits 7 usually paid to x at ! *ange ( ! moon4 ,x 0 deem$ specially efficaci\s 9 ! case ( rickety *ildr51 ^: malady 0 !n ascrib$ to wit*craft4 ,! pati5ts 7 wa%$ 9 ! /ream1 & !n tak5 to an adjo9+ cave1 :]e !y 7 dri$4 ,9 mod]n poetry a riv] is frequ5tly allud$ to "u ! "n ( its presid+ _s4 ,?us1 9 ,comus1 ,milton introduces ,sabr9a1 a g5tle nymph1 ,t ) moi/ curb sways ! smoo? ,sev]n /ream1 & tells u t ,! %eph]ds at _! fe/ivals ,c>ol h] goodness l\d 9 ru/ic lays1 ,& ?r[ sweet g>l& wrea?s into h] /ream ,( pansies1 p9ks1 & gaudy daffodils4 ,lakes h always held an important place 9 leg5d>y lore4 ,"l ,t5nyson has made u famili> ) ! "p play$ by ! ,lady ( ! ,lake 9 ,ar?urian romance4 ,read]s ( ! ,idylls w recollect x 0 %e :o gave to ! k+ ! jewell$ sword ,excalibur1 & :o1 on ! eve ( 8 pass+1 receiv$ x aga94 ,! w\nd$ ,ar?ur ?us addresses ,sir ,b$iv]e3-- ,?\ rememb]e/ h[1 ,9 ^? old days1 "o summ] morn1 an arm ,rose up f out ! bosom ( ! lake ,clo!d 9 :ite samite1 my/ic1 wond]ful1 ,hold+ ! sword--& h[ ,i r['d across ,& took x1 & h worn x1 l a k+4 ,scotti% lo*s =m a /rik+ feature 9 ! l&scape1 & mu/ h be5 /ill m fitt$ to arre/ att5tion 9 anci5t times :5 our l& 0 m d5sely wood$ ?an x is n[4 ,dr4 ,hugh ,macmillan1 9 8 ,holidays on ,high ,l&s1 alludes to ! diff]5ces 9 ! appe>ance ( our lo*s4 ,!re are moorl& t>ns1 he says1 sull5 & motionless z lakes ( ! dead1 ly+ deep 9 sunless rifts1 :]e ! v rav5s build no ne/s1 & :]e no trace ( life or vegetation is se5--associat$ ) _m a wild tradition1 accid5ts ( /ray+ feet1 ! suicide ( love1 guilt1 despair4 ,& !re are lo*s beautiful 9 !mselves & ga!r+ ar\nd !m a _w ( beauty2 _! %ores fr+$ ) ! tassell$ l>*2 _! %all[s tesselat$ ) ! broad gre5 leaves & alaba/] *alices ( ! wat]-lily1 & _! placid dep?s mirror+ ! crimson gleam ( ! hea!r hills & ! gold5 cl\ds ov]head4 ,ne> ! top ( ,mealf\rv\nie1 9 ,inv]ness-%ire1 is a small lake at "o "t believ$ to be unfa?omable4 ,h[ ?is notion arose x is difficult to say1 = :5 s\nd+s 7 tak5 ! dep? 0 f\nd to be inconsid]able4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,p5pont1 ,dumfries%ire1 ab\t a mile to ! s\? ( ,drumlanrig1 is a small %eet ( wat] call$ ! ,d[1 or ,dhu ,lo*1 i4e41 ,black ,lo*4 ,till t[>ds ! end ( la/ c5tury ! spot 0 mu* frequ5t$ = its heal+ wat]4 ,a p]sonal visit 0 n ess5tial4 ,:5 a deputy 0 s5t he _h to br+ a portion ( ! invalid's clo?+ & ?r[ x ov] 8 left %\ld] into ! lo*4 ,he !n took up "s wat] 9 a vessel :i* he c>efully kept f t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,aft] turn+ himself r\nd sun-ways he c>ri$ ! wat] home4 ,! *>m w\ld be brok5 if he look$ back or spoke to anyone by ! way4 ,among ! p ( ! di/rict x 0 a common say+1 :5 anyone did n respond to ! greet+ ( a pass]-by1 t he _h be5 at ! ,d[ ,lo*4 ,pilgrimages to ! lo* seem to h be5 specially popul> t[>ds ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 = 9 ! ye> #afie ! ,presbyt]y ( ,p5pont consult$ ! ,synod ( ,dumfries ab\t ! sup]/iti\s practices !n curr5t4 ,! ,synod1 9 response to ! appeal1 recomm5d$ ! cl]gy ( ! di/rict to d5\nce f _! pulpits su* obs]vances z hea!ni% 9 "*4 ,!re 7 p]sons /ill alive 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury :o _h se5 ! (f]+s1 left by ! pilgrims1 float+ on ! lo* or ly+ on its m>g94 ,to ! pass]-by1 ignorant ( ! sup]/iti\s cu/om1 x might seem t a r untidy family wa%+ 0 9 progress4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,vigeans1 9 ,=f>%ire1 is well kn[n to antiqu>ies 9 connection ) its int]e/+ sculptur$ /ones4 ,an old tradition relates t ! mat]ials = ! build+ 7 c>ri$ by a wat]-kelpie1 & t ! f\ndations 7 laid on l>ge b>s ( iron4 ,und]nea? ! /ructure 0 said to be a deep lake4 ,! tradition fur!r relates t ! kelpie prophesi$ t an incumb5t ( ! *ur* w\ld commit suicide1 & t1 on ! occasion ( ! fir/ communion aft]1 ! *ur* w\ld s9k into ! lake4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! m9i/] ( ! p>i% did commit suicide1 & s /rong 0 ! sup]/ition t ! sacram5tal rite 0 n obs]v$ till #agcf4 ,9 connection ) ! ev5t sev]al hundr$ p took up a position on a neighb\r+ ris+ gr\nd to wat* :at w\ld happ54 ,^! spectators h pass$ away1 b ! *ur* rema9s4 ,/4 ,tr$well's ,lo* 9 ,papa-,we/ray1 ,orkney1 0 at "o "t v fam\s1 p>tly f its habit ( turn+ r$ :5ev] any?+ /rik+ 0 ab\t to happ5 to a memb] ( ! ,royal ,family1 & p>tly f its p[] to "w cures4 ,on a small headl& on ! ea/ ( ! lo* are /ill to be se5 ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,tr$well's ,*apel1 measur+ tw5ty-n9e feet by tw5ty-two1 ) walls fully f\r feet 9 ?ickness4 ,on ! floor-level ab\t ?irty copp] co9s 7 f\nd "s ye>s ago1 ! majority ( !m be+ ( ! reign ( ,*>les ! ,second4 ,at ! door ( ! *apel !re 0 at "o "t a l>ge heap ( /ones1 made up ( contributions f ^? :o came to pay _! v[s !re4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,m4 ,f]gusson1 9 8 ,rambles 9 ! ,f> ,nor?1 gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t ! lo*3--,9 old5 times ! diseas$ & infirm p ( ! ,nor? ,isles 7 wont to flock to ?is place & get !mselves cur$ by wa%+ 9 its wat]s4 ,_m ( !m walk$ r\nd ! %ore two or ?ree times be=e ent]+ ! lo* itself to p]fect by s do+ ! expect$ cure4 ,:5 a p]son 0 engag$ 9 ?is p]ambulation no?+ w\ld induce him to utt] a ^w1 =1 if he spoke1 ! wat]s ( ?is holy lo* w\ld lave 8 diseas$ body 9 va94 ,aft] ! necess>y ablutions 7 p]=m$ !y nev] dep>t$ )\t leav+ beh9d !m "s piece ( clo? or bread z a gift to ! presid+ g5ius ( ! place4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury popul> belief 9 ?is wat] 0 z /rong z ev]4 ,sup]/itions _h a vigor\s life la/ c5tury4 ,p5nant1 :o made 8 fir/ t\r 9 ,scotl& 9 #agfi1 m5tions t ! wells ( ,spey & ,dra*alday1 9 ,moray1 7 !n mu* visit$1 co9s & rags be+ left at !m z (f]+s4 ,n[adays holy wells are probably f> f ! ?\ghts ( p]sons liv+ amid ! /ir & bu/le ( city life1 b 9 rural di/ricts1 :]e old cu/oms l+]1 !y are n yet =gott54 ,9 ! c\ntry1 amid/ ! sights & s\nds ( nature1 m5 are prone to *]i% ! beliefs & ways ( _! =efa!rs4 ,practices born 9 days ( d>kness ?us live on into an era ( great] enlight5m5t4 ,! adoration ( wells1 rem>ks ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell 9 8 ,pa/ 9 ! ,pres5t1 may be enc\nt]$ 9 all p>ts ( ,scotl& f ,john o' ,groats to ! ,mull ( ,gall[ay1 & he adds1 ,i h se5 at lea/ a doz5 wells 9 ,scotl& :i* h n ceas$ to be wor%ipp$4 ,n[adays1 he cont9ues1 ! visitors are comp>atively few1 & ^? :o g are g5]ally 9 e>ne/4 ,!y h a s]i\s object :i* !y desire to atta94 ,t object is usually ! re/oration to heal? ( "s poor little *ild--"s 'back-gane bairn4' ,inde$ ! cure ( sick *ildr5 is a special virtue ( _m ( ^! wells4 ,anxi\s mo!rs make long j\rneys to "s well ( fame1 & e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ! #a/ ( ,may ba! ! little invalid 9 its wat]s1 !n drop an (f]+ into !m by ! h&s ( ! *ild--usually a pebble1 b sometimes a co9--& atta* a bit ( ! *ild's dress to a bu% or tree gr[+ by ! side ( ! well4 ,! rags we see fa/5$ to su* bu%es h (t5 manife/ly be5 torn f ! dresses ( "y *ildr54 ,"p ( a bib or little p9a=e tells ! sad /ory ( a sorr[+ "m & a suff]+ *ild1 & makes ! he>t grieve t no?+ bett] ?an a visit to "o ( ^! wells _h be5 f\nd to relieve ! sorr[ & remove ! suff]+4 ,mr4 ,campbell ( ,islay be>s witness to ! same fact4 ,9 8 ,tales ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s he says1 ,holy heal+ wells are common all ov] ! ,highl&s1 & p /ill leave (f]+s ( p9s & nails & bits ( rag1 ?\gh few w\ld confess x4 ,!re is a well 9 ,islay :]e ,i myself h1 aft] dr9k+1 deposit$ copp] caps among/ a ho>d ( p9s & buttons & simil> ge> plac$ 9 *9ks 9 ! rocks & trees at ! edge ( ! ',wit*es' well4' ,a /rik+ te/imony to ! p]si/5ce ( fai? 9 su* wells is borne by ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk] 9 volume v4 7new s]ies7 ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 :]e he describes an incid5t t he himself witness$ ab\t t5 ye>s ago on ! outskirts ( ,ed9burgh4 ,mr4 ,walk] writes1 ,:ile walk+ 9 ! ,que5's ,p>k ab\t sunset1 ,i casually pass$ ,/4 ,an?ony's ,well1 & _h my att5tion attract$ by ! numb] ( p ab\t x1 all simply qu5*+ _! ?ir/1 "s probably ) a dim idea t !y w\ld reap "s b5efit f ! draught4 ,/&+ a little ap>t1 h[ev]1 & evid5tly pati5tly wait+ a fav\rable mom5t to pres5t itself = _! purpose1 0 a gr\p ( f\r4 ,feel+ some:at curi\s z to _! int5tion ,i quietly kept myself 9 ! backgr\nd1 & by-&-by 0 rew>d$4 ,! cr[d dep>t$ & ! gr\p came =w>d1 consi/+ ( two old wom51 a y\ng] woman ( ab\t ?irty1 & a pale sickly-look+ girl--a *ild ?ree or f\r ye>s old4 ,produc+ cups f _! pockets1 ! old wom5 dipp$ !m 9 ! pool1 fill$ !m1 & drank ! cont5ts4 ,a full cup 0 !n pres5t$ to ! y\ng] woman & ano!r to ! *ild4 ,!n "o ( ! old wom5 produc$ a long l95 b&age1 dipp$ x 9 ! wat]1 wrung x1 dipp$ x 9 aga91 & !n w\nd x r\nd ! *ild's head1 cov]+ ! eyes1 ! y\nge/ woman1 evid5tly ! "m ( ! *ild1 c>efully obs]v+ ! op]ation & weep+ g5tly all ! "t4 ,! o!r old woman n engag$ 9 ?is "w 0 c>efully fill+ a cle> glass bottle ) ! wat]1 evid5tly = future use4 ,!n1 aft] ! pr9cipal op]ators _h look$ at ea* o!r ) an e>ne/ & half solemn sort ( look1 ! p>ty w5d$ its way c>efully d[n ! hill4 ,agricultural improvem5ts1 p>ticul>ly )9 ! pres5t c5tury1 h done mu* to aboli% ! adoration ( wells4 ,9 _m cases anci5t spr+s h ceas$ to exi/ ?r\gh dra9+ op]ations4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,urquh>t1 ,elg9%ire1 a priory 0 f\nd$ 9 #aabe4 ,t[>ds ! end ( la/ c5tury ! site 0 conv]t$ into an arable field4 ,! "n ( ,abbey ,well1 giv5 to ! spr+ :5ce ! monks drew wat]1 long kept alive ! memory ( ! priory2 b 9 rec5t times ! well itself 0 fill$ up4 ,/4 ,m>y's ,well1 at ,:itekirk1 9 ,hadd+ton%ire1 has also ceas$ to be1 its wat] hav+ be5 dra9$ (f4 ,ne> ,drumakill1 9 ,drym5 p>i%1 ,dumb>ton%ire1 !re 0 a fam\s spr+ d$icat$ to ,/4 ,vildr94 ,close to x 0 a cross two feet & a half 9 height1 ) ! figure ( ! sa9t incis$ on x4 ,ab\t ?irty ye>s ago1 h[ev]1 ! relic 0 brok5 up & us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a f>mh\se1 & n long aft]1 ! well itself 0 dra9$ into an adjo9+ /ream4 ,9 ! middle ages ! spr+ at ,re/alrig1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,m>g>et1 ! wife ( ,malcolm ,canmore1 0 a great attraction to pilgrims4 ,! hi/ory ( ! well is int]e/+4 ,!re is reason to believe t x 0 orig9ally sacr$ to ! ,holy ,rood2 & tradition connects x ) ! f\nta9 t gu%$ out at ! spot :]e a c]ta9 h>t sudd5ly vani%$ f ! sight ( ,k+ ,david ,i4 ,mr4 ,walk]1 9 ! volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& already ref]r$ to1 ?r[s out ! sugge/ion t ! well may h _h its d$ication *ang$ 9 connection ) ! translation ( ,que5 ,m>g>et's relics ab\t #abea1 on ! occasion ( h] canonization4 ,) reg>d to ! date ( ! /ructure =m+ ! cov]+ ( ! well1 ,mr4 ,walk]1 z an ar*itect1 is qualifi$ to give an op9ion1 & f an exam9ation ( ! mason m>ks on x he is incl9$ to ?9k t ! build+ 0 erect$ ab\t ! same "t z ! we/ t[] ( ,holyrood ,abbey ,*ur*1 viz41 ab\t #aagj4 ,! late ,sir ,daniel ,wilson1 9 8 ,memorials ( ,ed9burgh 9 ! ,old5 ,"t1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! /ructure1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he by mi/ake describes z octagonal in/ead ( hexagonal3--,! build+ rises int]nally to ! height ( ab\t f\r & a half feet1 ( pla9 a%l> "w1 ) a /one l$ge or seat runn+ r\nd sev5 ( ! sides1 :ile ! eigh? is occupi$ by a po9t$ ar* :i* =ms ! entrance to ! well4 ,f ! c5tre ( ! wat] :i* fills ! :ole area ( ! build+1 pure z 9 ! days ( ! pi\s que51 a decorat$ pill> rises to ! same height z ! walls1 ) grotesque gurgoils1 f :i* ! wat] has orig9ally be5 made to fl[4 ,above ?is spr+s a beautifully gro9$ ro(1 pres5t+1 ) ! ribs t rise f correspond+ corbels at ea* ( ! eight angles ( ! build+1 a s+ul>ly ri* effect :5 illum9at$ by ! reflect$ light f ! wat] bel[4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 ?is curi\s f\nta9 /ood by ! side ( ! anci5t & little frequ5t$ cross-road lead+ f ! ,abbeyhill to ! village ( ,re/alrig4 ,a f9e old eld] tree1 ) its knott$ & furr[$ bran*es1 spread a luxuriant cov]+ ov] its grass-gr[n top1 & a ru/ic little ?at*$ cottage /ood 9 front ( x1 =m+ altoge!r a mo/ attractive object ( antiqu>ian pilgrimage4 ,! spot1 h[ev]1 0 invad$ by ! ,nor? ,briti% ,railway ,company1 & a /ation 0 plant$ on ! site ( ! eld] tree & ! ru/ic cottage1 ! spr+ & its ,go?ic cov]+ be+ imb$d$ 9 ! build+s4 ,"s ye>s lat] ! wat] disappe>$1 hav+ f\nd ano!r *annel4 ,! /ructure 0 tak5 d[n /one by /one & rebuilt above ,/4 ,david's ,spr+1 on ! nor? slope ( ,salisbury ,crags1 :]e x /ill /&s4 ,9 cases l ! above1 man int]f]$ ) nature & caus$ ! disappe>ance ( v5]at$ spr+s4 ,b x 0 n always s4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,logi]ait1 9 ,p]?%ire1 !re 0 a spr+ t took ! matt] into its own h&s1 & )drew f public view4 ,?is 0 ! spr+ call$ 9 ,gaelic ,fu>an ,*ad1 i4e41 ,*ad's ,well4 ,an annual m>ket us$ to be held close by 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t1 on ! #bbnd ,augu/4 ,! spr+ 0 gratifi$ & bubbl$ away m]rily4 ,! m>ket1 h[ev]1 0 at l5g? discont9u$4 ,9 consequ5ce ,fu>an ,*ad took (f5ce1 & s5t 9 its resignation4 ,9 "o in/ance1 at lea/1 ! belief 9 ! efficacy ( a spr+ surviv$ ! v exi/5ce ( ! spr+ itself4 ,?is 0 s 9 ! case ( a heal+ well ne> ,buckie1 9 ,banff%ire1 fill$ up "s ye>s ago by ! t5ant on ^: f>m x 0 situat$4 ,s great 0 its fame t "s wom5 ^: infants 7 weakly w5t to ! spot & cle>$ out ! rubbi%4 ,wat] aga9 fill$ ! old bas91 & !re ! infants 7 ba!d4 ,:ile be+ c>ri$ home !y fell asleep1 & ! result 0 9 e way to ! satisfaction ( ! mo!rs4 ,c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( wat] specially recomm5d$ x z an object ( wor%ip 9 primval times4 ,its motion & =ce sugge/$ t x _h life1 & h5ce a s\l4 ,m5 !re=e imag9$ t by due att5tion to c]ta9 rites x w\ld prove a help to !m 9 "t ( ne$4 ,:at may be call$ ! an?ropomorphism ( f\nta9s has left traces on popul> sup]/itions4 ,! int]e/ tak5 by ,/4 ,tr$well's ,lo* 9 ! national ev5ts has be5 already allud$ to1 & o!r examples w be notic$ 9 future *apt]s4 ,"o po9t may be m5tion$ "h1 viz41 ! p[] possess$ by wells ( remov+ to ano!r place4 ,/4 ,fillan's ,spr+1 at ,comrie1 9 ,p]?%ire1 once took its rise on ! top ( ! hill ,dunfillan1 b tradition says t x quitt$ its old site = ! pres5t "o1 at ! foot ( a rock1 a qu>t] ( a mile fur!r s\?4 ,9 ! article on ,comrie 9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 ! well is describ$ z humbl$ inde$1 b n =sak54 ,a m /rik+ in/ance ( flitt+ is m5tion$ by ,m>t9 z hav+ occurr$ 9 ! ,hebrides4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ,islay1 he says1 ,a mile on ! s\?-we/ side ( ! cave ,uah ,ve>nag is ! celebrat$ well ,t\bir-9-,knah>1 :i*1 9 ! anci5t language1 is z mu* z to say1 '! well has sail$ f "o place to ano!r'2 = x is a receiv$ tradition ( ! vulg> inhabitants ( ?is isle1 & ! opposite isle ( ,colonsay1 t ?is well 0 fir/ at ,colonsay until an impud5t woman happ5$ to wa% h] h&s 9 x1 & t imm$iately aft]1 ! well1 be+ ?us abus$1 came 9 an in/ant to ,islay1 :]e x is l to cont9ue1 & is ev] s9ce e/eem$ a ca?olicon = diseases by ! natives & adjac5t isl&]s4 ,p]haps ! in/ance t puts ! greate/ /ra9 on cr$ulity is t ( ! spr+ d$icat$ to ,/4 ,f]gus on ! hill ( ,knockf]gan1 9 ,banff%ire4 ,tradition reports t ?is spr+ came 9 a miracul\s mann] f ,italy1 ?\gh h[ x travell$ to its quiet retreat 9 ,scotl& we d n "k4 ,!re mu/ h be5 "s special attraction ab\t ! well1 = a m>ket kn[n z ! ,well-,m>ket us$ to be held beside x e ye>4 ,on "o occasion a fight took place ab\t a *eese4 ,9 consequ5ce ! m>ket 0 transf]r$ to ! neighb\r+ village ( ,tom9t\l1 :]e x cont9ues to be held 9 ,augu/1 "u ! same "n4 ,9 8 ,romances ( ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 ! late ,mr4 ,rob]t ,hunt puts 9 a plea = ! pres]vation ( holy wells & o!r relics ( antiquity1 ?\gh he all[s t x is a v common notion among/ ! peasantry t a j retribution ov]takes ^? :o wilfully de/roy monum5ts1 su* z /one circles1 crosses1 wells1 & ! l1 & he m5tions ! case ( an old man :o alt]$ a holy well at ,boscaswell1 9 ,/4 ,j1 & 0 dr[n$ ! foll[+ day )9 sight ( 8 h\se4 ,mr4 ,hunt is speak+ ( ,corni% wells2 b ! same is d\btless true ( ^? nor? ( ! ,twe$4 ,spr+s t c fly ?r\gh ! air & g ?r\gh c]ta9 o!r wond]ful p]=mances c surely be tru/$ to look aft] !mselves4 ,9 hot ,ea/]n l&s1 f\nta9s 7 held 9 special rev]5ce4 ,?is 0 to be expect$1 z _! cool+ wat]s 7 !re d\bly welcome4 ,9 acc\nt+ = ! pres5ce ( ! cult 9 ! temp]ate zones ( ,europe1 we d n ne$ to trace x to ! ,ea/ z ,lady ,wilde does 9 h] ,anci5t ,leg5ds ( ,irel&4 ,x c\ld n h orig9at$1 %e says1 9 a humid c\ntry 444 :]e wells c be f\nd at e /ep1 & sky & l& are ev] heavy & saturat$ ) moi/ure4 ,x mu/ h come f an ,ea/]n p1 w&]]s 9 a dry & ?ir/y l&1 :]e ! discov]y ( a well seem$ l ! int]position ( an angel 9 man's behalf4 ,9 our own l& !re are no di/ricts :]e well-wor%ip has held its gr\nd s firmly z ^? occupi$ by peoples ( ,celtic blood1 su* z ,cornwall1 ,wales1 ,irel&1 ! ,isle ( ,man1 & ! ,scotti% ,highl&s4 ,a curi\s in/ance ( ! survival ( wat]-wor%ip among our ,scotti% peasantry 0 se5 9 ! cu/om ( go+ at a v e>ly h\r on ,new-,ye>'s morn+ to get a pailful ( wat] f a neighb\r+ spr+4 ,! maid5s ( ! f>m _h a fri5dly rivalry z to priority4 ,:oev] secur$ ! fir/ pailful 0 said to get ! fl[] ( ! well1 o!rwise kn[n z ! ream or cream ( ! well4 ,on _! way to ! spr+ ! maid5s commonly *ant$ ! c\plet-- ,! fl[] o' ! well to our h\se gaes1 ,an' ,i'll ! bonnie/ lad get4 ,?is ref]r$ to ! belief t to be fir/ at ! well 0 a good om5 ( ! maid5's matrimonial future4 ,x is a f> cry f ar*aic wat]-wor%ip to ?is ,new-,ye>'s love *>m1 b we c trav]se 9 ?\ght ! road t lies betwe54 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,h[ ,,wat] ,,became ,,holy4 ,*ange f ,paganism to ,*ri/ianity--,columba--,spirits ( ,f\nta9s--,hurtful ,wells--,/one ,circles--,sup]/itions reg>d+ !m--,/&+ ,/ones & ,spr+s--,innis ,m>ee--,maelrubha--,influ5ce ( e>ly ,sa9ts--,names ( ,wells--,/one-cov]+s--,sacr$ ,build+s & ,spr+s--,privilege ( ,sanctu>y--,"s ,examples--,fre$/oll--,preceptory ( ,torphi*5 & ,/4 ,john's ,well--,cross ( ,macduff & ,n9e-wells4 ,we come next to ask h[ wat] became holy 9 ! folklore s5se ( ! ^w4 ,=tunately we get a glimpse ( spr+s at ! v "t :5 !y pass$ f pagan to ,*ri/ian auspices4 ,! *ange made c]ta9 diff]5ces1 b did n take away _! miracul\s p[]s4 ,we get ?is glimpse 9 ! pages ( ,adamnan1 ,/4 ,columba's biograph]1 :o n>rates an incid5t 9 connection ) ! sa9t's mission>y "w among ! ,picts 9 ! latt] half ( ! six? c5tury4 ,adamnan tells u ( a c]ta9 f\nta9 fam\s among ! hea!n p1 :i* ! fooli% m51 hav+ _! s5ses bl9d$ by ! devil1 wor%ipp$ z ,god4 ,= ^?1 :o drank ( ?is f\nta91 or purposely wa%$ _! h&s or feet 9 x1 7 all[$ by ,god to be /ruck by demoniacal art1 & w5t home ei!r lepr\s or purbl9d1 or at lea/ suff]+ f weakness or o!r k9d ( infirmity4 ,by all ^! ?+s ! pagans 7 s$uc$ & paid div9e hon\r to ! f\nta94 ,columba made use ( ! popul> belief 9 ! int]e/s ( ! new fai?1 & bless$ ! f\nta9 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ 9 ord] to expel ! demons4 ,he !n took a draught ( ! wat] & wa%$ 8 h&s & feet 9 x1 to %[ t x c\ld no long] d h>m4 ,accord+ to ,adamnan ! demons des]t$ ! f\nta91 & _m cures 7 aft]w>ds wr\ght by x4 ,9 ,irel& m ?an a c5tury e>li]1 ,/4 ,patrick visit$ ! f\nta9 ( ,f9dmaige1 call$ ,slan4 ,(f]+s 7 wont to be made to x1 & x 0 wor%ipp$ z a god by ! ,magi ( ! di/rict4 ,x is difficult to det]m9e exactly f :at /&po9t our pagan ance/ors reg>d$ wells4 ,! nature-spirits inhabit+ !m1 /yl$ demons by ,adamnan1 7 malignant 9 disposition1 if we judge by ! case he m5tions2 b we mu/ n !re=e conclude t !y 7 s 9 e in/ance4 ,p]haps x is safe to inf] t mo/ ( !m 7 consid]$ fav\rable to man1 or ! rev]se1 accord+ z !y 7 or 7 n propitiat$ by him4 ,ev5 9 mod]n times1 "s spr+s h be5 reg>d$ z hurtful4 ,! well ( ,/4 ,*ad1 at ,li*field1 = in/ance1 causes ague to anyone dr9k+ its wat]4 ,ev5 its connection ) ! sa9t has n remov$ its hurtful qualities4 ,9 we/ ,highl& ,folk-,tales allusion is made to poison wells1 & su* are ev5 yet reg>d$ ) a c]ta9 am\nt ( fe>4 ,9 ! article on ! p>i% ( ,kilsy? 9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 x is /at$ t ,kittyfri/ ,well1 beside ! road lead+ ov] ! hill to ,/irl+1 0 believ$ to be noxi\s4 ,successive wayf>]s1 :5 tir$ & heat$ by _! climb up hill1 may h drunk injudici\sly ( ! cold wat]1 & ?us ! sup]/ition may h orig9at$4 ,/one circles h giv5 rise to mu* discussion4 ,!y are p]haps be/ kn[n by _! popul> "n ( ,druidical temples4 ,:atev] 7 ! o!r purposes s]v$ by !m1 !re is h>dly any d\bt t !y 7 prim>ily associat$ ) int]m5ts4 ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son has po9t$ out t a c]ta9 ar*ological succession c be trac$4 ,?us we f9d fir/1 burial cairns m9us /ones r\nd !m1 !n cairns plus /ones1 & f9ally1 /ones m9us cairns4 ,at "o "t !re 0 a widely-spread belief t m5 c\ld be trans=m$ into /&+ /ones by ! aid ( magic4 ,?is p[] 0 attribut$ to ! ,druids4 ,!re are also traditions ( sa9ts ?us settl+ _! hea!n oppon5ts4 ,:5 speak+ ( ! isl& ( ,lewis1 ,m>t9 says1 ,sev]al o!r /ones are to be se5 "h 9 remote places1 & "s ( !m /&+ on "o end4 ,"s ( ! ignorant vulg> say t !y 7 m5 by en*antm5t turn$ into /ones4 ,su* monoli?s are /ill kn[n to ! ,gaelic-speak+ inhabitants ( ,lewis z ,fir ,*reig1 i4e41 false m54 ,we le>n f ! ,new ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl& t ! two /&+ /ones at ,we/ ,skeld1 9 ,%etl&1 7 believ$ by ! isl&]s to h be5 orig9ally wiz>ds or giants4 ,close to ! roadside on ,maughold ,head1 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 /&s an anci5t runic cross4 ,a local tradition /ates t ! cross 0 once an old woman1 :o1 :5 c>ry+ a bundle ( wool1 curs$ ! w9d = h9d]+ h] on h] j\rney1 & 0 petrifi$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,) sup]/itions ?us cl++ to /&+-/ones x is n to be wond]$ t spr+s 9 _! neighb\rhood %\ld h be5 reg>d$ ) special rev]5ce4 ,9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl& allusion is made to ,tobir-,*alai*1 i4e41 ,old ,wife's ,well1 situat$ ne> a /one circle 9 ! p>i% ( ,kei?1 ,banff%ire1 & to ano!r well n f> f a second circle 9 ! same p>i%4 ,! latt] spr+ ceas$ to be visit$ ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury4 ,till !n (f]+s 7 left at x by p]sons seek+ its aid4 ,! writ] ( ! article on ! isl& ( ,b>ry1 ,inv]ness-%ire1 9 ! same "w1 says1 ,"h1 i4e41 at ,ca/le-,bay1 !re are sev]al ,druidical temples4 ,ne> "o ( ^! is a well :i* mu/ h be5 once fam\s = its m$ic9al quality1 z also = cur+ & prev5t+ ! effects ( fasc9ation4 ,x is call$ ,tobb>-nam-buadh or ! ,well ( ,virtues4 ,"u ! head+ ,beltane1 9 ,jamieson's ,scotti% ,diction>y1 ! foll[+ occurs3--,a t[n 9 ,p]?%ire1 on ! bord]s ( ! ,highl&s1 is call$ ,tillie 7or ,tullie7 ,beltane1 i4e41 ! em95ce or ris+ gr\nd ( ! fire ( ,baal4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood is a ,druidical temple ( eight upright /ones1 :]e x is suppos$ ! fire 0 k9dl$4 ,at "s di/ance f ?is1 is ano!r temple ( ! same k9d1 b small]1 & ne> x a well /ill held 9 great v5]ation4 ,on ,beltane morn+1 sup]/iti\s p g to ?is well & dr9k ( x1 !n !y make a procession r\nd x1 z ,i am in=m$1 n9e times2 aft] ?is1 !y 9 l mann] g r\nd ! temple4 ,gall/ack ,well1 at ,drumlanrig1 9 ,dumfries%ire1 is ne> a gr\p ( /&+ /ones4 ,f examples l ! above1 we may inf] t "s my/]i\s connection 0 suppos$ to exi/ betwe5 /&+ /ones & _! adjac5t wells4 ,9 ! ,tullie ,beltane in/ance inde$1 /ones & well 7 associat$ toge!r 9 ! same sup]/iti\s rite4 ,a /rik+ in/ance ( ,*ri/ianity borr[+ f paganism is to be se5 9 ! rev]5ce paid to ! well ( ,innis ,m>ee1 9 ,lo* ,m>ee1 9 ,ross-%ire4 ,?is well has be5 fam\s f an unkn[n pa/4 ,x is d$icat$ to ,/4 ,maelrubha1 aft] :om bo? lo* & isl& are nam$4 ,maelrubha belong$ to ! mona/]y ( ,bangor1 9 ,irel&4 ,9 ! ye> #fgc1 at ! age ( ?irty-"o1 he settl$ at ,applecrossan1 n[ ,applecross1 9 ,ross-%ire1 & !re f\nd$ a *ur* z ! nucleus ( a conv5tual e/abli%m5t4 ,ov] ?is mona/]y he presid$ = fifty-"o ye>s1 & di$ a natural dea? 9 #gbb4 ,a leg5d1 disreg>d+ hi/orical probabilities1 relates t he 0 sla9 by a b& ( pagan ,norse rov]s1 & t 8 body 0 left 9 ! =e/ to be dev\r$ by wild bea/s4 ,8 grave is /ill po9t$ out 9 ,applecross *ur*y>d1 ! spot be+ m>k$ by a pill> slab ) an antique cross c>v$ on x4 ,= c5turies aft] 8 dea? he 0 reg>d$ z ! patron sa9t1 n only ( ,applecross1 b ( a wide di/rict ar\nd4 ,p5nant1 :o visit$ ,innis ,m>ee 9 #aggb1 ?us describes its appe>ance3 ,! %ores are neat & gravelly2 ! :ole surface cov]$ ?ickly ) a beautiful grove ( oak1 a%1 will[1 wick51 bir*1 fir1 hazel1 & enorm\s hollies4 ,9 ! mid/ is a circul> dike ( /ones1 ) a regul> n>r[ entrance1 ! inn] "p has be5 us$ = ages z a burial-place1 & is /ill 9 use4 ,i suspect ! dyke to h be5 orig9ally ,druidical1 & t ! anci5t sup]/ition ( ,paganism _h be5 tak5 up by ! sa9t1 z ! readie/ me?od ( mak+ a conque/ ov] ! m9ds ( ! inhabitants4 ,a /ump ( a tree is %[n z an alt>1 probably ! memorial ( "o ( /one2 b ! curiosity ( ! place is ! well ( ! sa9t2 ( p[] unspeakable 9 cases ( lunacy4 ,:atev] ,p5nant meant by ,druidical1 !re is reason to believe t ! spot 0 ! sc5e ( pre-,*ri/ian rites4 ,9 ! popul> imag9ation ! outl9es ( ,maelrubha's "* seem to h become mix$ up ) ^? ( ! hea!n div9ity wor%ipp$ 9 ! di/rict4 ,two circum/ances po9t to ?is4 ,fir/ly1 z ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell rem>ks 9 ! f\r? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 ,! p ( ! place speak (t5 ( ! ,god ,m\rie in/ead ( ,/4 ,m\rie1 :i* may h result$ f 8 hav+ supplant$ ! old god4 ,secondly1 z ! same writ] %[s1 by ref]5ce to old kirk session records1 x 0 cu/om>y 9 ! p>i% to sacrifice a bull to ,/4 ,m\rie4 ,?is 0 done on ! sa9t's day1 ! #be? ( ,augu/4 ,! practice 0 /ill 9 exi/5ce 9 ! latt] half ( ! #ag? c5tury1 & 0 !n d5\nc$ z idolatr\s4 ,we ?us see t ! sacr$ness ( spr+s c be trac$ back ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity to paganism1 ?\gh !re is no d\bt t 9 "s in/ances x took its rise f association ) e>ly sa9ts4 ,9 decid+ ! "q ( orig91 h[ev]1 c>e mu/ be tak51 =1 z already indicat$1 ! rev]5ce anci5tly paid to wells l$ to _! selection by ! e>ly mission>ies4 ,! holy wells ?r\gh\t ! l& keep alive _! names4 ,an excell5t example ( a sa9t's influ5ce on a p>ticul> di/rict is met ) 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,angus1 at ,balquhidd]1 9 ,p]?%ire4 ,9 8 ,notes 9 ,balquhidd] 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 vol4 ix4 7new s]ies71 ,mr4 ,j4 ,mack9to% ,g[ rem>ks1 ,sa9t ,angus1 ! patron sa9t ( ! di/rict1 is said to h come to ! gl5 f ! ea/w>d1 & to h be5 s mu* /ruck ) its m>vell\s beauty t he bless$ x4 ,! rema9s ( ! /one on :i* he sat to re/ are /ill visible 9 ! gable ( "o ( ! f>m build+s at ,ea/] ,au*lesk9e1 & ! turn ( ! road is yet call$ ',beanna*adh ,aonghais' 7,angus's bless+74 ,at ?is spot x 0 ! cu/om 9 ! old days = p go+ we/w>d to %[ _! respect = ! sa9t by repeat+1 ',beannai* ,aonghais ann san ,aoraidh' 7,bless ,angus 9 ! oratory or *apel71 at ! same "t rev]5tly tak+ (f _! bonnets4 ,! sa9t1 go+ we/1 _h settl$ at a spot bel[ ! pres5t kirk1 & ne> to a /one circle1 ! rema9s ( :i*1 & ( ! oratory1 p]sons n[ liv+ rememb] to h se54 ,aft] allud+ to ano!r /one circle 9 a haugh bel[ ! p>i% *ur* manse1 ,mr4 ,g[ m5tions t ?is haugh is ! /ance ( ! old m>ket ( ,balquhidd]1 long a popul> "o 9 ! di/rict4 ,x 0 held on ! sa9t's day 9 ,april & nam$ ,feill-,aonghais1 aft] him4 ,9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood !re is a knoll call$ ,tom ,aonghais1 i4e41 ,angus's hillock4 ,9 ! gr\nds ( ,ed9*ip !re is a cur+ well call$ 9 ,gaelic1 ,fu>an n'druibh *asad1 i4e41 ! ,:oop+-c\gh ,well1 beside ! burn ,alt cean dhroma4 ,x is =m$ ( a wat]-worn pot hole 9 ! lime/one rock :i* =ms ! b$ ( ! burn1 & is t5 or twelve in*es 9 diamet] at ! top & six in*es deep4 ,!re mu/ be a spr+ runn+ into ! holl[ ?r\gh a fissure1 z no soon] is x empti$ ?an x imm$iately refills1 & conta9s ab\t two qu>ts ( wat]4 ,! well c easily be di/+ui%$ by ! l>ge moss-cov]$ b\ld]1 r\nd & flat1 l a cru%$ ball1 & ab\t sev5 feet 9 diamet]1 :i* ov]%ad[s x1 & a "y a% tree ( sev]al /ems gr[+ by its side4 ,?is well 0 fam\s = ! cure ( :oop+-c\gh1 & *ildr5 7 br\ght to x till )9 rec5t ye>s4 ,! wat] 0 giv5 9 a spoon made f ! horn ( a liv+ c[4 ,:5 ! pati5ts c\ld n visit ! spr+ 9 p]son1 a bottleful ( ! heal+ liquid 0 tak5 to _! homes1 & !re adm9i/]$4 ,! di/rict r\nd ! l[] wat]s ( ,lo* ,awe1 n[ compris+ ! unit$ p>i%es ( ,gl5or*y & ,ini%ail 0 held to be "u ! patronage ( ,connan4 ,!re is a well at ,dalmally d$icat$ to him4 ,accord+ to a local tradition he dwelt beside ! well & bless$ its wat]4 ,9 addition to spr+s nam$ aft] p>ticul> sa9ts1 !re are "s be>+ ! g5]al appellation ( ,sa9ts' ,wells or ,holy ,wells4 ,!re are ,holy ,rood & ,holy ,wood ,wells1 also ,holy ,tr9ity & ,*apel ,wells4 ,!re are likewise ,priors'1 ,monks'1 ,c>d9als'1 ,bi%ops'1 ,prie/s'1 ,abbots'1 & ,fri>s' ,wells4 ,v>i\s spr+s h names po9t+ to no ecclesia/ical connection :atev]4 ,to ?is class belong ^? kn[n z ,virtue ,wells1 & ^? o!rs nam$ f ! v>i\s diseases to be cur$ by !m4 ,on ! ,ru!r=d e/ate1 9 ! p>i% ( ,we/ ,l9ton1 ,peebles%ire1 !re is a m9]al spr+ call$ ,heav5-aqua ,well4 ,consid]+ ! "n1 "o might =m great expectations z to its virtues4 ,!re is mu* =ce 9 ! rem>ks ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,hill ,burton1 9 8 ,book ,hunt]4 ,he says1 ,! unnoticeable smallness ( _m ( ^! consecrat$ wells makes _! v rem9isc5ce & /ill semi-sacr$ "* all ! m rem>kable4 ,! /rang] 9 ,irel&1 or ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 he>s rum\rs ( a di/+ui%$ well1 miles on miles (f4 ,he ?9ks he w f9d an anci5t edifice ov] x1 or "s o!r conspicu\s adjunct4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,he has be5 lur$ all t di/ance1 ov] rock & bog1 to see a t9y spr+ bubbl+ out ( ! rock1 su* z he may see hundr$s ( 9 a tol]able walk any day4 ,yet1 if he se>* 9 old topographical au?orities1 he w f9d t ! little well has ev] be5 an important feature ( ! di/rict2 t c5tury aft] c5tury x has be5 un=gott52 &1 ) dilig5ce he may p]haps trace x to "s incid5t 9 ! life ( ! sa9t1 dead m ?an #abjj ye>s ago1 ^: "n x be>s4 ,!re are a few wells ) a m or less ornam5tal /one cov]+1 su* z ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,well1 9 ! ,que5's ,p>k1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,well1 at ,l9li?g[4 ,/4 ,n9ian's ,well1 at ,/irl+1 & also at ,kiln9ian1 9 ,mull2 ,/4 ,a%ig's ,well1 9 ,skye2 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,well1 at ,h\/on1 9 ,r5frew%ire2 ,holy ,rood ,well1 at ,/5ton1 9 ,hadd+ton%ire2 & ! ,well ( ,spa1 at ,ab]de51 also belong to ?is class4 ,z already indicat$1 /&+ /ones & ! wells ne> !m 7 associat$ toge!r 9 ! same ritual act4 ,a curi\s p>allelism c be trac$ betwe5 ?is practice & "o connect$ ) ,*ri/ian places ( wor%ip4 ,ne> ! ,butt ( ,lewis are ! ru9s ( a *apel anci5tly d$icat$ to ,/4 ,mulvay1 & kn[n 9 ! di/rict z ,teampull-mr4 ,! spot 0 till q lately ! sc5e ( rites connect$ ) ! cure ( insanity4 ,! pati5t 0 made to walk sev5 times r\nd ! ru9s1 & 0 !n spr9kl$ ) wat] f ,/4 ,ronan's ,well h>d by4 ,9 ,orkney x 0 believ$ t invalids w\ld recov] heal? by walk+ r\nd ! ,cross-kirk ( ,wasbi/] & ! adjo9+ lo* 9 sil5ce be=e sunrise4 ,9 "s in/ances sacr$ sites 7 walk$ r\nd )\t ref]5ce to wells1 &1 9 o!rs1 wells )\t ref]5ce to sacr$ sites4 ,b :5 ! two 7 neighb\rs !y 7 (t5 includ$ 9 ! same c]emony4 ,9 ! e>ly days :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 prea*$1 ! /ructures ( ! new fai? 7 occasionally plant$ close to gr\ps ( /&+ /ones1 & x may be assum$ t 9 "s in/ances1 at lea/1 ! latt] s]v$ to supply mat]ials = build+ ! =m]4 ,ev5 9 our own day x is n uncommon = ,highl&]s to speak ( go+ to ! cla*an1 i4e41 ! /ones1 to indicate t !y are go+ to *ur*4 ,! rev]5ce paid to ! pagan sites 0 ?us transf]r$ to ! ,*ri/ian1 & any f\nta9 9 ! vic9ity receiv$ a l>ge %>e ( su* rev]5ce4 ,9 =m] times1 bo? s\? & nor? ( ! ,twe$1 *ur*es & *ur*y>ds 7 reg>d$ ) special v5]ation z af=d+ an asylum to (f5d]s aga9/ ! law4 ,9 ,engl& ! ,"r ( ,sanctu>y 0 held 9 great respect dur+ ,anglo-,saxon times1 & aft] ! ,norman ,conque/ laws 7 pass$ regulat+ ! privileges ( su* %elt]s4 ,:5 a robb] or murd]] 0 pursu$1 he 0 free f capture if he c\ld rea* ! sacr$ prec9cts4 ,b he _h to ent] un>m$4 ,8 /ay !re 0 only tempor>y4 ,aft] go+ ?r\gh c]ta9 =malities he 0 all[$ to travel1 cross 9 h&1 to "s neighb\r+ seaport to quit 8 c\ntry = ev]4 ,9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 h[ev]1 a /atute 0 pass$ =bidd+ crim9als ?us to leave _! native l& on ! gr\nd t !y w\ld disclose /ate secrets1 & tea* ar*]y to ! enemies ( ! realm4 ,9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 ,durham & ,bev]ley conta9$ not$ sanctu>ies4 ,9 v>i\s *ur*es !re 0 a /one seat call$ ! ,fre$/oll or ,/ool ( ,peace1 on :i* ! crim9al1 :5 seat$1 0 absolutely safe4 ,su* a seat1 dat+ f ! ,norman p]iod1 is /ill to be se5 9 ! ,priory ,*ur* at ,hexham1 :]e ! sanctu>y 0 9 great reque/ by fugitives f ! debatable l& betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! only o!r ,fre$/oll /ill to be f\nd 9 ,engl& is 9 ,bev]ley ,m9/]4 ,! ,"r ( ,sanctu>y 0 =mally aboli%$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! reign ( ,james ,i41 b did n cease to be respect$ till mu* lat]4 ,su* be+ ! reg>d 9 ! middle ages = *ur*es & _! bury+-gr\nds1 x is easy to und]/& :y f\nta9s 9 _! imm$iate neighb\rhood 7 also rev]5c$4 ,sev]al sanctu>ies nor? ( ! ,twe$ 7 specially fam\s4 ,9 8 ,scotl& 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ,pr(essor ,cosmo ,innes rem>ks1 ,?\gh all 7 equally sacr$ by ! canon1 x w\ld seem t ! sup]ior sanctity ( "s *ur*es1 f ! relics pres5t$ !re1 or ! rev]5ce ( _! patron sa9ts1 af=d$ a sur] asylum1 & ?us attract$ fugitives to _! %r9es r ?an to ! alt>s ( common p>i% *ur*es4 ,! *ur*es ( ,/[1 ,inn]lei!n1 & ,tyn+ham 7 asylums at "o "t specially fav\r$4 ,! *ur* on ,/4 ,*>maig's ,isl&1 9 ! ,s\nd ( ,jura--/yl$ also ,eilean ,mr or ! ,great ,isl&--0 =m]ly a not$ place ( refuge among ! ,inn] ,hebrides4 ,s mu* sanctity atta*$ to ! *ur* ( ,applecross t ! privileg$ gr\nd ar\nd x ext5d$ six miles 9 e direction4 ,9 connection ) 8 visit to ,arran1 ,m>t9 ?us describes :at _h once be5 a sanctu>y 9 t isl&3 ,!re is an em95ce ( ab\t a ?\s& paces 9 compass on ! sea-coa/ 9 ,druim-cruey village1 & x is f5c$ ab\t ) a /one wall2 ( old x 0 a sanctu>y1 & :atev] numb] ( m5 or cattle c\ld get )9 x 7 secur$ f ! assaults ( _! enemies1 ! place be+ privileg$ by univ]sal cons5t4 ,! enclosure 0 probably an anci5t bury+-gr\nd4 ,! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john ( ,j]usalem1 o!rwise kn[n z ! ,knights ( ,rhodes1 & also z ! ,hospitall]s1 receiv$ recognition 9 ,scotl& z an ,ord] ab\t ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,!y _h possessions 9 almo/ e c\nty1 b _! *ief seat 0 at ,torphi*51 9 ,l9li?g[%ire1 :]e ! ru9s ( _! preceptory c /ill be se54 ,?is preceptory =m$ ! he>t ( ! fam\s sanctu>y ( ,torphi*54 ,9 ! gravey>d /&s a /one1 resembl+ an ord9>y mile/one ) a ,maltese cross c>v$ on its top4 ,all ! gr\nd enclos$ 9 a circle1 hav+ a radius ( "o mile f ?is /one1 =m$ a sanctu>y = crim9als & debtors4 ,o!r f\r /ones plac$ at ! c>d9al po9ts %[$ ! limits ( ! sanctu>y on _! respective sides4 ,at "s di/ance to ! ea/ ( ! preceptory is ,/4 ,john's ,well1 to :i*1 ! writ] ( ! article 9 ! ,new ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl& says1 ! ,knights ( ,/4 ,john us$ to g 9 days ( yore = a morn+ draught2 & he adds1 :e!r its virtues 7 m$ic9al or ( a m hall[$ "* tradition c n exactly in=m u1 b /ill its wat]s are ?\ght to possess peculi> heal+ p[]s1 if n /ill r>] qualities :i* op]ate 9 v>i\s cases z a *>m4 ,p]haps no ,scotti% sanctu>y has be5 m talk$ ab\t ?an ! "o at ,holyrood ,abbey1 int5d$ orig9ally = law-break]s 9 g5]al1 b latt]ly = debtors only4 ,de ,qu9cey f\nd a tempor>y home )9 its prec9cts4 ,?r\gh rec5t legislation1 *iefly ?r\gh ! ,debtors 7,scotl&7 ,act ( #ahhj1 ! sanctu>y has be5 r5d]$ unnecess>y1 & its privileges1 ?\gh nev] =mally aboli%$1 h accord+ly pass$ away4 ,9 a pass ( ! ,o*ils1 ne> ,newburgh1 ov]look+ ,/ra!>n1 is a block ( free/one ?ree & a half feet high1 f\r & a half feet long1 & ne>ly f\r feet broad at ! base4 ,?is =m$ ! p$e/al ( ! celebrat$ cross ( ,macduff1 & is all t rema9s ( t anci5t monum5t4 ,! %aft ( ! cross 0 de/roy$ at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 =m] days ! spot 0 held to be a privilege & lib]ty ( gir?4 ,:5 anyone claim+ k9%ip to ,macduff1 ,e>l ( ,fife1 )9 ! n9? degree committ$ slaught] 9 hot blood & took refuge at ! cross1 he c\ld atone = 8 crime by ! paym5t ( n9e c[s & a colp9da* or ye>-old c[4 ,^? :o c\ld n make good _! k9%ip 7 sla9 on ! spot4 ,c]ta9 anci5t burial m\nds1 at "o "t to be se5 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 7 popul>ly believ$ to be ! graves ( ^? :o ?us met _! dea?1 & a local sup]/ition ass]t$ t _! %rieks c\ld be he>d by night4 ,a f\nta91 kn[n z ! ,n9e ,wells1 gu%es out n f> f ! site ( ! cross1 & 9 x tradition says t ! manslay] :o 0 entitl$ to claim ! privilege ( sanctu>y wa%$ 8 h&s1 !reby free+ himself f ! /a9 ( blood4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,spr+s4 ,columba's ,miracle--,8 ,wells--,de]--,dro/an's ,spr+s--,8 ,relics--,8 ,fairs--,8 ,connection ) ,cai?ness--,urquh>t--,adamnan--,8 ,wells--,tom ,eunan--,feil ,columcille--,adamnan's ,visit to ,nor?umbria--,8 ,*ur* ,d$ications--,ki]an--,8 ,cave--,campbelt[n--,book ( ! ,gospels--,ki]an's ,*ur* at ,errigall-k]oge--,8 ,wells--,bridget--,h] ,leg5d--,bridewell--,bridget's ,wells--,ab]ne?y--,torrana9--,n9ian--,8 ,influ5ce--,8 ,cave--,c&ida ,casa--,n9ian & ,m>t9--,n9ian's ,spr+s--,/4 ,m>t9's ,well--,m>t9mas--,m>t9 ( ,bullion's ,day--,bullion ,well--,k5tig]n--,f]gus--,arbores ,sancti ,k5tig]ni--,8 ,wells--,?anet ,well--,/4 ,eno*'s ,well--,cu?b]t--,8 ,wells & ,ba?--,8 ,c>e]--,palladius--,8 ,miracle--,paldy's ,well & ,paldy's ,fair--,8 ,*apel--,t]nan--,8 ,wells--,*ur* ( ,arbu?not--,br5dan--,bute--,kilbr&on ,s\nd--,well at ,b>ra--,boyndie & ,cull5--,ma*>--,8 ,ca!dral & ,well--,tob>-,mha*>--,con/ant9e--,govan- -,kil*\slan ,*ur*--,/4 ,c[/an's ,well--,s]f--,area ( 8 ,influ5ce4 ,! annals ( hagiology are full ( ! connection betwe5 sa9ts & spr+s4 ,on "o occasion a *ild 0 br\ght to ,columba = baptism1 b !re 0 no wat] at h& = ! p]=mance ( ! rite4 ,! sa9t knelt 9 pray] opposite a neighb\r+ rock1 & ris+1 bless$ ! face ( ! rock4 ,wat] imm$iately gu%$ =?1 & ) x ! *ild 0 baptis$4 ,adamnan1 :o tells ! /ory1 says t ! *ild 0 ,luguc5calad1 ^: p>5ts 7 f ,artdaib-muir*ol 7,ardnamur*an71 :]e !re is se5 ev5 to ?is day a well call$ by ! "n ( ,/4 ,columba4 ,!re are _m wells 9 ,scotl& nam$ aft] him4 ,z might be expect$1 "o ( ^! is 9 ,iona4 ,almo/ all are along ! we/ coa/ & 9 ! ,hebrides4 ,! "n ( ,kirkcolm1 9 ,wigt[n%ire1 signifies ! ,*ur* ( ,columba4 ,! p>i% conta9s a f\nta9 d$icat$ to him1 kn[n z ,corswell or ,crosswell1 f :i* ! ca/le headl& & ligh?\se ( ,corsewall h d]iv$ _! "n4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( sanctity /ill cl+s to ! f\nta94 ,macaulay1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,kilda publi%$ 9 #agfd1 describes a spr+ !re call$ by ! inhabitants ,tob]i-,cl]i*1 ! cl]ic 9 "q be+1 accord+ to him1 ,columba4 ,?is well1 he says1 is bel[ ! village1 444 & gu%es out l a torr5t f ! face ( a rock4 ,at e full tide ! sea ov]fl[s x1 b h[ soon t ebbs away1 no?+ c be fre%] or sweet] ?an ! wat]4 ,x 0 natural en\gh = ! ,/4 ,kildians to imag9e t s extraord9>y a ph5om5on mu/ h be5 ! effect ( "s sup]natural cause1 & "o ( _! tea*]s w\ld h probably assur$ !m t ,columba1 ! great sa9t ( _! isl& & a mighty work] ( miracles1 _h de/roy$ ! influ5ce :i*1 accord+ to ! e/abli%$ laws ( nature1 ! sea %\ld h _h on t wat]4 ,?is spr+ resembles "o 9 ! p>i% ( ,ta91 9 ,ross-%ire1 kn[n z ,/4 ,m>y's ,well4 ,! latt] is cov]$ sev]al h\rs ea* day by ! sea1 b :5 ! tide retires its fre%1 sweet wat] gu%es =? aga94 ,accord+ to an old tradition1 ,dro/an1 a nephew ( ,columba1 accompani$ ! latt] :5 on a j\rney f ,iona to ,de] 9 ,bu*an1 ab\t ! ye> #ehj1 & 0 ! fir/ abbot ( ! mona/]y e/abli%$ !re4 ,! "n ( ! place1 accord+ to ! ,book ( ,de]1 0 d]iv$ f ! te>s 79 ,gaelic1 d] or deur1 a te>71 %$ by ,dro/an on ! dep>ture ( 8 uncle4 ,9 reality1 ! "n comes f ! ,gaelic dair1 signify+ an oak4 ,!re are five spr+s d$icat$ to ,dro/an4 ,!y are all 9 ! ea/ c\ntry1 betwe5 ,edzell & ,new ,ab]d\r4 ,at ! latt] place 8 relics 7 pres]v$1 & miracles ( heal+ 7 wr\ght at 8 tomb4 ,! spr+ ne> ,inv]m>k ,ca/le is popul>ly kn[n z ,dr\/ie's ,well4 ,a m>ket1 call$ ,/4 ,dro/an's ,fair1 is /ill held annually at ,old ,de] 9 ,decemb]4 ,ins*1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 has also a ,/4 ,dro/an's ,fair4 ,dro/an 0 rev]5c$ 9 ,cai?ness1 :]e he 0 tutel> sa9t ( ! p>i%es ( ,halkirk & ,canisbay4 ,9 ,! ,e>ly ,scotti% ,*ur* ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,m',lau*lan m5tions t ,urquh>t 9 ,inv]ness-%ire1 0 call$ ,ur*uda91 ,mai? ,dhro/an1 i4e41 ,/4 ,dro/an's ,urquh>t4 ,adamnan1 ,columba's biograph]1 became abbot ( ,iona 9 #fgi1 & di$ !re 9 #gjd4 ,!re are wells to him at ,dull1 9 ,p]?%ire1 & at ,=gl5 9 ,banff%ire4 ,8 "n occurs 9 ,scotti% topography1 b %ort5$1 & "u v>i\s disguises4 ,9 ! =m ( ,/4 ,oyne he has a well 9 ,ra!n p>i%1 ,ab]de5%ire1 :]e !re is a m\nd--probably an anci5t =tifi$ site--also call$ ,/4 ,oyne's4 ,ab\t six miles nor?-ea/ ( ,k+ussie1 9 ,inv]ness-%ire1 is ! *ur* ( ! quoad sacra p>i% ( ,in*1 on a knoll project+ into ! lo* ( ! same "n4 ,! knoll is call$ ,tom ,eunan1 i4e41 ! hill ( ,adamnan1 to :om ! *ur* 0 d$icat$4 ,)9 ! build+ is /ill to be se5 a f9e specim5 ( ! f\r-corn]$ bronze bell us$ 9 ! e>ly ,celtic *ur*4 ,accord+ to a local tradition x 0 once c>ri$ (f1 b kept call+ out1 ,tom ,eunan6 ,tom ,eunan6 till br\ght back to its home4 ,we f9d t ,adamnan & ,columba 7 associat$ toge!r 9 ! di/rict4 ,an annual ga!r+1 at "o "t held !re 9 hon\r ( ! latt]1 0 nam$ ,feil ,columcille1 i4e41 ,columba's ,fair1 & 0 mu* resort$ to4 ,wom5 usually appe>$ on ! occasion 9 :ite dresses 9 tok5 ( baptism4 ,an old woman1 :o di$ 9 #ahhb1 at ! age ( n9ety1 0 9 ! habit ( %[+ ! :ite dress worn by h] 9 h] "y days at ! fair4 ,x f9ally s]v$ h] z a %r\d4 ,adamnan visit$ ! ,nor?umbrian c\rt :5 ,egfrid 0 k+4 ,8 err& 0 "o ( peace-mak+2 = he w5t to procure ! release ( c]ta9 ,iri% captives :o _h be5 made prison]s by ,egfrid1 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,nor?umbria he became a conv]t to ! ,roman view z aga9/ ! ,celtic 9 ! two burn+ que/ions ( t age1 viz41 ! "t = hold+ ,ea/]1 & ! nature ( ! tonsure4 ,?\gh he did n get 8 fri5ds 9 ,scotl& to see eye to eye ) him on ^! po9ts1 he seems to h be5 g5]ally popul> nor? ( ! ,twe$4 ,eight *ur*es at lea/ 7 d$icat$ to him1 ma9ly 9 ! ea/ c\ntry betwe5 ,=vie1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 & ,dalm5y1 9 ,we/ ,lo?ian4 ,"o ( ^! d$ications 0 at ,aboyne4 ,skeulan ,well !re conta9s ,adamnan's "n 9 a corrupt$ =m4 ,ki]an1 belong+ l ,columba to ! six? c5tury1 0 also l him f ,irel&4 ,he select$ a cave "s f\r miles f ,campbelt[n z 8 dwell+-place1 & !re l$ ! life ( an ascetic4 ,he di$ 9 #edc 9 8 ?irty-f\r? ye>4 ,p5nant ?us describes ! cave3--,x is 9 ! =m ( a cross1 ) ?ree f9e ,go?ic porticoes = entrances1 444 _h =m]ly a wall at ! entrance1 a second ab\t ! middle1 & a ?ird f> up1 =m+ diff]5t ap>tm5ts4 ,on ! floor is ! capital ( a cross & a r\nd bas9 cut out ( ! rock1 full ( f9e wat]1 ! bev]age ( ! sa9t 9 old times1 & ( sailors 9 ! pres5t1 :o (t5 l& to dress _! victuals b5ea? ?is %elt]4 ,?is bas9 is m m9utely describ$ by ,capta9 ,t4 ,p4 ,:ite 9 8 ,ar*ological ,sket*es 9 ,scotl&4 ,he says1 ,!re is a small bas91 ne>ly oval 9 %ape1 neatly scoop$ out ( a block1 two feet long by "o & a half wide1 :i* exactly und]lies a drip ( wat] f ! ro( ( ! cave4 ,! wat] supply is said nev] to h fail$ & always to keep ! little bas9 full4 ,tradition calls x ! sa9t's font or holy well4 ,ki]an is commemorat$ 9 ,k9lo*-,kilk]ran1 ! anci5t "n ( ! p>i% ( ,campbelt[n4 ,! ^w means lit]ally ! head ( ! lo* ( ,ki]an's cell4 ,on "o occasion ,ki]an dropp$ 8 book ( ! ,gospels into a lake4 ,sometime aft] x 0 recov]$ 9 an un9jur$ /ate ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( a c[4 ,! c[ w5t into ! wat] to cool itself1 & br\ght out ! volume atta*$ to its ho(4 ,ano!r bov9e association is connect$ ) ! build+ ( ,/4 ,ki]an's ,*ur* on a hill at ,errigall-k]oge1 9 ,c\nty ,tyrone1 ,irel&4 ,! sa9t _h an ox :i*1 dur+ ! day1 drew ! mat]ials = ! build+1 & 9 ! ev5+ 0 slaught]$ to fe$ ! workm54 ,! bones 7 ?r[n ea* ev5+ into a well at ! foot ( ! hill1 &1 morn+ by morn+1 ! accommodat+ animal appe>$ ready = ! day's "w4 ,! well is /ill held to be miracul\s4 ,!re is a spr+ d$icat$ to ,ki]an at ,drumli?ie1 9 ,gl5b]vie p>i%1 ,k9c>d9e%ire1 & ano!r at ,/onehav51 9 ! same c\nty4 ,!re is "o 9 ,troque] p>i%1 ,kirkcudbright%ire1 locally kn[n z ,/4 ,j]gon's or ,/4 ,qu]don's ,well1 ^! names be+ simply an alt]$ =m ( ,ki]an4 ,bridget or ,bride1 an ,iri% sa9t1 0 popul> 9 ,scotl&4 ,%e receiv$ baptism f ,patrick1 & di$ 9 #ebe aft] a life ( great sanctity4 ,%e 0 celebrat$ z a work] ( miracles4 ,%e made a c[ supply an enorm\s quantity ( milk to satisfy ! wants ( ?ree ?ir/y bi%ops :o came to visit h]4 ,%e also cur$ diseases4 ,on "o occasion two m5 suff]+ f leprosy came to h] to be heal$4 ,%e made ! sign ( ! cross ov] wat]1 & told !m to wa% 9 x4 ,"o ( ! two did s & 0 in/antly re/or$ to heal?2 b1 refus+ to help ! o!r1 he at once became lepr\s aga91 :ile 8 companion 0 z sudd5ly made :ole4 ,on ano!r occasion %e us$ ! sign ( ! cross to /ay a company b5t on ! capture ( a maid5 :o _h s\ght refuge 9 ! sa9t's nunn]y4 ,p]haps h] mo/ wond]ful miracle 0 ! hang+ ( h] g[n on a sunbeam1 a some:at unusual cloak-peg1 & "o t1 f ! nature ( ! case1 _h n to be s\ght 9 a d>k press4 ,h] pr9cipal mona/]y 0 at ,kild>e1 s nam$ aft] ! oak 7dair7 "u ^: %ade h] cell 0 built4 ,adjo9+ ,/4 ,bride's ,*ur*y>d 9 ,london is a spr+ d$icat$ to ! sa9t1 & popul>ly /yl$ ,bride's ,well4 ,! palace built 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood w5t by ! "n ( ,bridewell4 ,x 0 h&$ ov] by ,edw>d ,,vi4 to ! city ( ,london z a workh\se & place ( correction4 ,at a lat] date ! "n became associat$ ) o!r h\ses us$ = a simil> purpose4 ,h5ce x has aris51 rem>ks ,*amb]s 9 8 ,book ( ,days1 t ! pure & innoc5t ,bridget1 ! fir/ ( ,iri% nuns1 is n[ inextricably connect$ 9 our ord9>y national p>lance ) a class ( be+s ( ! mo/ opposite description4 ,!re are fully a doz5 wells 9 ,scotl& be>+ h] "n4 ,^! are *iefly to be f\nd 9 ! c\nties ( ,wigt[n1 ,dumfries1 ,peebles1 ,lan>k1 ,r5frew1 ,dumb>ton1 ,p]?1 ,fife1 & ,ab]de54 ,a mona/]y 0 f\nd$ 9 ,bridget's hon\r at ,ab]ne?y1 9 ,p]?%ire1 probably 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 & %e _h *ur*es on ! ma9l& & among ! ,we/]n ,isl&s4 ,a curi\s sup]/ition connect$ ) ,bridget has surviv$ to ! pres5t "t1 at lea/ 9 "o ( ^! isl&s4 ,x has to d ) a c]ta9 magical fl[] /yl$ torrana91 t mu/ be pluck$ dur+ ! influx ( ! tide1 & is ( virtue to protect c[s f ! evil eye1 & to make !m give a pl5tiful supply ( milk4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/ew>t1 9 8 ',twixt ,b5 ,nevis & ,gl5coe1 quotes ! incantation associat$ ) x =w>d$ to him by a correspond5t 9 ,ui/4 ,! foll[+ is "o ( ! /anzas3-- ,let me pluck !e1 ,torrana96 ,) all ?y bless$ness & all ?y virtue4 ,! n9e bless+s came ) ! n9e p>ts4 ,by ! virtue ( ! ,torrana94 ,! h& ( ,/4 ,bride ) me ,i am n[ to pluck !e4 ,a sa9t :o c\ld give efficacy to a spell 0 q ! sort ( p]son to be entru/$ ) ! cu/ody ( spr+s4 ,n9ian1 popul>ly call$ ,r+an1 devot$ 8 life ma9ly to mission>y "w among ! ,picts ( ,gall[ay1 al?\gh he ext5d$ 8 influ5ce z f> nor? z ! ,tay4 ,he seems to h be5 hon\r$ 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 if we may judge by a fresco1 repres5t+ him1 discov]$ ab\t ?irty ye>s ago 9 ! pre-,re=mation ,*ur* ( ,turriff1 & reg>d 0 _h = him z f> nor? z ! ,%etl& ,isles4 ,ev5 ! ,scot abroad did n =get him4 ,*alm]s1 9 8 ,cal$onia1 says t1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,c>melite ,fri>s ( ,bruges 9 ,fl&]s1 ! ,scotti% nation f\nd$ an alt> to ,/4 ,n9ian1 & end[$ a *apla9 :o (ficiat$ at x4 ,a cave by ! sea 9 ! p>i% ( ,glass]ton1 9 ,wigt[n%ire1 0 8 fav\rite retreat4 ,?is cave 0 explor$ ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 & sev]al /ones1 m>k$ ) incis$ crosses1 7 discov]$4 ,n9ian br\ght masons f ,france1 & at ,:i?orn built ,c&ida ,casa--! fir/ /one *ur* 9 ,scotl&4 ,x 0 9 c\rse ( con/ruction 9 ! ye> #cig4 ,n9ian !n he>d ( ! dea? ( ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs1 & to ! latt] ! new *ur* 0 d$icat$4 ,^! two sa9ts are f\nd side by side 9 ! matt] ( *ur* d$ications4 ,?us1 ,m>t9 0 patron ( ,ulb/]1 9 ,cai?ness3 n f> (f 0 a *ur* to ,n9ian4 ,/ra?m>t91 9 ,=f>%ire1 0 unit$ 9 #agii to ! p>i% ( ,ma9s1 ! latt] claim+ ,n9ian z its tutel> sa9t4 ,s9avey ,spr+1 9 ,ma9s p>i%1 ne> ! site ( ! anci5t ,ca/le ( ,f9try1 is believ$ to repres5t ,/4 ,n9ian's "n 9 a corrupt$ =m4 ,8 spr+s are num]\s1 & h a wide range f ! c\nties ( ,wigt[n & ,kirkcudbright to ^? ( ,=f> & ,k9c>d9e4 ,!re is a well to him ne> ,dunnott> ,ca/le1 9 ! la/-m5tion$ c\nty4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,s&a1 (f ! ,k9tyre coa/1 is a spr+ nam$ aft] him4 ,x _h a consid]able local celebrity 9 =m] times4 ,/4 ,n9ian's ,well 9 ,/irl+ is a famili> spot 9 ! di/rict4 ,!re is a well sacr$ to ,m>t9 9 ! ,ab]de5%ire p>i% ( ,cairnie4 ,m>t9mas 7,novemb] #aa?7 came long ago into our l& z a *ur* fe/ival4 ,x /ill rema9s ) u z a famili> t]m-day4 ,an incid5t 9 ,m>t9's biography has a be>+ on our subject1 ?r\gh ! connection betwe5 ! "n ( ! fe/ival commemorat+ x & c]ta9 ( our place-names4 ,9 ,scotl&1 ! f\r? ( ,july us$ to be kn[n z ,m>t9 ( ,bullion's ,day1 9 hon\r ( ! translation ( ! sa9t's body to a %r9e 9 ! ca!dral ( ,t\rs4 ,!re is "s unc]ta9ty ab\t ! orig9 ( ! t]m ,bullion1 ?\gh1 accord+ to ! likelie/ etymology1 x is d]iv$ f ! ,fr5* b\ill]1 to boil1 9 allusion to ! heat ( ! wea!r at t "t ( ! ye>4 ,!re is an old prov]b t if ! de] rise up dry & lie d[n dry on ,m>t9 ( ,bullion's ,day1 !re w be a good gose-h>ve/1 i4e41 an e>ly & pl5tiful "o4 ,an annual fair 0 appo9t$ to be held at ,selkirk & 9 ,dyce p>i%1 ,ab]de5%ire1 9 connection ) ! fe/ival4 ,!re are traces ( bo? ,m>t9 & ,bullion 9 ,scotti% topography4 ,9 ,p]?%ire !re is ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,m>t9's1 conta9+ ! e/ate ( ,/4 ,m>t9's ,abbey4 ,"s miles to ! ea/ is ,/ra?m>t9 9 ,=f>%ire1 already allud$ to1 & n f> f x 9 ! same c\nty we f9d ,bullionfield 9 ! p>i% ( ,liff & ,b5vie4 ,x is probable t ^! names are 9 "s way connect$ toge!r4 ,9 ,ecclesma*an p>i% 9 ,l9li?g[%ire1 !re is1 z f> z we "k1 no trace ( ,m>t9 9 any d$ication ( *apel or spr+2 b ,bullion is repres5t$4 ,!re is a spr+ ( ?is "n issu+ f ! trap rocks ( ! ,tor ,hill4 ,x is a m9]al well4 ,! wat] is slightly impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,9 =m] times x 0 mu* resort$ to by heal?-seek]s1 b x is n[ neglect$4 ,n9ian consecrat$ a gravey>d beside ! ,mol5d9> at ,ca?ures1 n[ ,glasg[4 ,ab\t a hundr$ ye>s lat] ,k5tig]n1 o!rwise ,mungo1 bi%op ( ! ,/ra?clyde k+dom1 br\ght to ?is cemet]y f ,c>nock ! body ( ,f]gus1 an an*orite1 on a c>t drawn by two wild bulls4 ,ov] ! spot :]e ,f]gus 0 buri$ 0 built1 at a lat] date1 ! crypt ( :at 0 to h be5 ! s\? transept ( ! ca!dral1 _h t portion ( ! /ructure ev] be5 re>$4 ,! crypt is n[ popul>ly call$ ,blackadd]'s ,aisle1 ?\gh1 z ,dr4 ,&rew ,mac,george po9ts out 9 8 ,old ,glasg[1 x ought to be call$ ,f]gus' ,isle4 ,x 0 s nam$ 9 a m9ute ( ! kirk-session 9 #afdh1 & an inscription 9 long ,go?ic lett]s on a /one 9 ! ro( ( ! aisle tells ! same tale4 ,k5tig]n took up 8 abode on ! banks ( ! ,mol5d9>1 & ga!r$ r\nd him a company ( monks1 ea* dwell+ 9 a sep>ate hut4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ! spot 0 surr\nd$ by a d5se =e/1 & 9 #aejj ! ,arbores sancti ,k5tig]ni 7 l&m>ks 9 ! di/rict4 ,k5tig]n's ,well1 n[ 9 ! l[] *ur* ( ! ca!dral1 mu/1 f ! v fact ( its inclusion )9 ! build+1 h be5 deem$ sacr$ be=e ! ca!dral 0 re>$4 ,o!r examples ( wells )9 *ur*es are on record1 ?\gh n 9 ,scotl&4 ,!re is a spr+ 9 ,/4 ,patrick's ,ca!dral1 ,dubl94 ,! ca!drals ( ,c>lisle1 ,w9*e/]1 & ,cant]bury1 & ! m9/]s ( ,york & ,bev]ley1 z well z "o ( two ,engli% p>i% *ur*es1 ei!r n[ h or once _h wells )9 _! walls4 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,f4 ,?iselton ,dy] gives sev]al examples 9 8 ,*ur* ,lore ,glean+s1 & rem>ks1 ,su* wells may h be5 ( special s]vice 9 ,bord] *ur*es1 :i*1 l ! ca!dral ( ,c>lisle1 s]v$ z places ( refuge = ! inhabitants 9 case ( sudd5 al>m or =ay4 ,besides 8 well 9 ! ca!dral1 ,k5tig]n _h ano!r d$icat$ to him at ,glasg[1 close to ,little ,/4 ,mungo's ,*ur*1 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! trees already m5tion$4 ,!re are fully a doz5 wells sacr$ to him nor? ( ! ,twe$4 ,z might be expect$1 ^! are almo/ all to be f\nd 9 ! c\nties s\? ( ! ,=? & ,clyde1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ^? to ! we/ ( t di/rict4 ,!re is "o 9 ,k9c>d9e%ire1 at ,k9neff1 locally kn[n z ,k5ty's ,well4 ,"u ! "n ( ,/4 ,mongah's ,well !re is a spr+ d$icat$ to him 9 ,york%ire at ,copgrove ,p>k f\r miles f ,bor\ghbridge4 ,a ba? close by1 suppli$ ) wat] f ?is spr+1 0 =m]ly mu* frequ5t$ by invalids ( all ages1 :o rema9$ imm]s$ = a long] or %ort] "t 9 its int5sely cold wat]4 ,o!r wells to ,k5tig]n are to be met ) 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,! p>i% ( ,cros/hwaite 9 ,cumb]l& has its *ur* d$icat$ to him4 ,! spot 0 ! ?waite or cle>+ 9 ! wood :]e he set up 8 cross4 ,?anet ,well1 9 ,grey/oke p>i% 9 ! same c\nty1 is believ$ to h d]iv$ its "n f ,tanew or ,!new1 ,k5tig]n's "m1 famili> to ! citiz5s ( ,glasg[ z ,/4 ,eno*4 ,/4 ,eno*'s ,well1 close to ,/4 ,eno*'s ,squ>e 9 t burgh1 us$ to be a fav\rite resort ( heal?-seek]s4 ,x has n[ no exi/5ce4 ,cu?b]t1 besides a well at ,/4 ,boswell's1 9 ,roxburgh%ire1 _h a ba? 9 ,/ra? ,tay1 a rock-hewn holl[ full ( wat] :]e he p]iodically pass$ sev]al h\rs 9 devotion4 ,?is fam\s ,nor?umbrian mission>y 0 born ab\t #fce1 & sp5t 8 e>ly boyhood z a %eph]d on ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,lamm]moors4 ,he liv$ = ?irte5 ye>s z a monk 9 ! mona/]y ( ,old ,melrose1 situat$ two miles ea/ f ! pres5t ,melrose on a piece ( l& almo/ surr\nd$ by ! ,twe$4 ,on ! dea? ( ,boisil1 ,cu?b]t 0 appo9t$ prior4 ,he aft]w>ds became bi%op ( ,l9disf>ne4 ,dur+ 8 /ay at ,melrose he visit$ ! l& ( ! ,nidu>ian ,picts1 9 o!r words ! ,picts ( ,gall[ay1 & left a record ( 8 j\rney 9 ! "n ( ,kirkcudbright1 i4e41 ! ,*ur* ( ,cu?b]t4 ,v>i\s o!r *ur*es 7 d$icat$ to him 9 ! s\? ( ,scotl& & 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,a well-kn[n ,ed9burgh p>i% be>s 8 "n4 ,he 0 hon\r$ z f> s\? z ,cornwall4 ,/4 ,cuby's ,well1 locally call$ ,/4 ,kilby's1 betwe5 ,duloe & ,s&place 9 t c\nty is believ$ to h be5 d$icat$ to him4 ,!re is a good deal ( unc]ta9ty ab\t ! hi/ory ( ,palladius4 ,he is believ$ to h be5 a mission>y f ,rome to ! ,iri% 9 ! fif? c5tury1 & to h suff]$ m>tyrdom = ! fai?4 ,x is record$ ( him t on "o occasion1 by remov+ "s turf 9 ! "n ( ! ,holy ,_s1 he caus$ a spr+ to gu% =? to supply wat] = baptism4 ,he is popul>ly associat$ ) ,k9c>d9e%ire1 ?\gh !re is reason to believe t he _h no p]sonal connection ) ! di/rict4 ,a spr+ 9 ,=d\n p>i% is locally kn[n z ,paldy's ,well1 & an annual m>ket goes by ! "n ( ,paldy's or ,paddy's ,fair4 ,a *apel 0 d$icat$ to him !re1 & receiv$ 8 relics1 br\ght ?i!r by 8 disciple ,t]rananus1 ^: "n is /ill pres]v$ 9 ,ban*ory-,t]nan1 & :o seems to h belong$ to ! di/rict4 ,t]nan has a well at ,ban*ory-,dev5ick1 & ano!r at ,kirkton-(-,sla9s1 9 ,bu*an4 ,! old *ur* ( ,arbu?not 0 d$icat$ to him4 ,x 0 = ?is *ur* t ! ,missal1 ,psalt]1 & ,(fice ( ! ,virg91 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,visc\nt ,arbu?not1 7 writt5 & illum9at$ t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ^! be+ ! only complete set ( ,s]vice-,books ( a ,scotti% ,*ur* t h come d[n to u f pre-,re=mation times4 ,br5dan ( ,clonf]t 9 ,irel&1 visit$ sev]al ( ! ,we/]n ,isles dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! six? c5tury1 & v>i\s *ur*es 7 aft]w>ds d$icat$ to him !re4 ,he is connect$ also ) ,bute4 ,! "n ,br&anes1 appli$ to its inhabitants1 came f him1 & he bids fair to be rememb]$ 9 ! "n ( ,kilbr&on ,s\nd1 betwe5 ,arran & ,k9tyre4 ,he 0 patron ( a well 9 ! isl& ( ,b>ra & 0 tutel> sa9t ( ,boyndie & ,cull5 9 ,banff%ire2 b we are n aw>e t any well at ei!r ( ^! places 0 call$ aft] him4 ,a curi\s leg5d is relat$ to acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ! ,see ( ,ab]de54 ,accord+ to x ,ma*> or ,mac>ius1 along ) twelve companions1 receiv$ in/ructions f ,columba to w&] ov] ,pictl&1 & to build 8 ca!dral-*ur* :]e he f\nd a riv] mak+ a b5d l a bi%op's /aff4 ,su* a b5d 0 f\nd 9 ! ,don at ,old ,ab]de54 ,/4 ,ma*>'s ,ca!dral1 built beside x1 keeps alive ! sa9t's memory4 ,9 ! neighb\r+ gr\nds ( ,seton is ,/4 ,ma*>'s ,well4 ,?\gh n[ neglect$1 x 0 hon\r$ 9 =m] times1 & its wat] 0 us$ at baptisms 9 ! ca!dral4 ,"u ! "n ( ,mocumma or ,mo*onna1 ,mac>ius appe>s z "o ( ! foll[]s ( ,columba on 8 memorable voyage f ,irel& to ,iona4 ,he is said to h visit$ ,pope ,gregory ! ,great at ,rome1 & to h be5 = a "t bi%op ( ,t\rs4 ,9 ,/ra?don1 ,ab]de5%ire1 is a well sacr$ to him call$ ,tob>-,mha*>1 pron\nc$ 9 ! di/rict ,tob>-,va*]4 ,con/ant9e1 kn[n also by 8 o!r names ( ,c[/an1 ,*\slan1 & ,cut*\1 0 a pr9ce ( ,cornwall 9 ! six? c5tury1 & 0 acqua9t$ ) ,columba & ,k5tig]n4 ,he rel9qui%$ 8 ?rone & cross$ ov] to ,irel&1 :]e he turn$ monk4 ,at a lat] date he came to ! we/ ( ,scotl&1 & f\nd$ a mona/]y at ,golv$ir1 believ$ to be ,govan1 ne> ,glasg[1 &1 accord+ to ,=dun1 became its abbot4 ,kil*\slan ,*ur*1 on ! nor? side ( ,campbelt[n ,bay1 ,k9tyre1 0 built 9 8 hon\r4 ,9 its gravey>d !re is1 or 0 till q lately1 a r\nd /one ab\t ! size ( a gr9d+ /one4 ,9 ! c5tre is a hole l>ge en\gh to let ! h& pass ?r\gh4 ,!re is a tradition t if a man & woman elop$1 & 7 able to jo9 h&s ?r\gh ?is hole be=e be+ ov]tak5 by _! k9sfolk !y 7 free f fur!r pursuit4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahib an int]e/+ f9d ( old co9s 0 made 9 ! same gravey>d4 ,^! consi/$ ( groats & half-groats1 "s ( ,engli% & "s ( ,scotti% co9age1 ! e>lie/ belong+ to ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,ii4 ( ,engl&4 ,accord+ to ,m>t91 ! well ( ,/4 ,c[/an at ,g>rabo/1 9 ,lewis1 0 believ$ nev] to boil any k9d ( meat1 ?\gh its wat] 0 kept ov] ! fire = a :ole day4 ,?is well is on a /eep slope at ! %ore4 ,n f> (f once /ood ,/4 ,c[/an's ,*apel1 b its site is n[ "u tillage4 ,s]f or ,s]vanus1 :o fl\ri%$ dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sev5? c5tury1 0 connect$ ) ! di/rict nor? ( ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 p>ticul>ly ) ,culross1 & ! isl& nam$ aft] him 9 ,lo* ,lev51 :]e he f\nd$ a mona/]y4 ,at ,dys>t1 ,s]f _h a cave1 & 9 x tradition says t he held a discussion ) ! devil4 ,! "n ( ,dys>t inde$1 comes f ?is des]tum or retreat4 ,s]f _h a cell at ,dunn+1 9 ,/ra!>n1 :]e he di$ 9 ! od\r ( sanctity4 ,he _h also "s l9k ) ! p>i% ( ,monzievaird1 :]e ! *ur* 0 d$icat$ to him1 & :]e a small lo* /ill goes by ! "n ( ,/4 ,s]f's ,wat]4 ,!re is a well sacr$ to him at ,alva4 ,/4 ,%e>'s ,well1 at ,dumb>ton1 reta9s 8 "n 9 an alt]$ =m4 ,e>ly la/ c5tury ?is spr+ 0 put to a practical purpose1 z arrangem5ts 7 !n made to lead its wat] across ! ,lev5 by pipes to supply ! burgh4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,m ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,spr+s4 ,ronan--,d[ ,well--,influ5ce on ,topography--,ronan's ,spr+s--,pol ,ronan & ,feill ,ronan--,f]gus--,8 ,well 9 ,banff%ire--,glamis--,8 ,relics--,8 ,wells at ,montrose & ,wick--,hel5--,/4 ,hel5's ,kirk--,h] ,spr+s--,h] connection ) ,brita9--,h] ,wells & ,*ur*es 9 ,engl&--,wel% ,traditions--,/4 ,abb's ,well--,ebba--,aidan--,8 ,wells--,boisil--,8 ,spr+s--,/4 ,boswell's ,fair--,ba?an--,abbey ,/4 ,ba?an's--,8 ,well !re--,boniface--,8 ,well & ,fair at ,rosem>kie--,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria--,h] ,leg5d--,h] ,wells--,v>i\s o!r ,d$ications--,lawr5ce--,8 ,wells--,/4 ,lawr5ce's ,fair--,8 ,*ur* ,d$ications--,laur5cekirk--,m>g>et--,h] connection ) ,que5sf]ry & ,=f>--,h] ,wells at ,ed9burgh--,h] ,cave & ,spr+ at ,dunf]ml9e--,wells d$icat$ to v>i\s ,*>act]s 9 ,sacr$ ,/ory4 ,9 any notice ( e>ly sa9ts ,ronan mu/ n be =gott51 especially :5 we rememb] t p]haps no spr+1 ?anks to ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 is s famili> to ! g5]al read] z ,/4 ,ronan's ,well4 ,x has be5 commonly id5tifi$ ) ! m9]al well at ,inn]lei!n1 9 ,peebles%ire = long held 9 mu* fav\r 9 cases ( eye & sk9 compla9ts1 & also = ! cure ( dyspepsia4 ,! spr+ is situat$ a %ort di/ance above ! t[n on ! skirt ( ,lee ,p54 ,! writ] ( ! article on ,inn]lei!n p>i% 9 ! ,new ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl& says t ?is spr+ 0 =m]ly call$ ! ',d[-well' f ! circum/ance t1 long be=e ! heal+ virtues ( ! wat] 7 discov]$1 pigeons f ! neighb\r+ c\ntry resort$ to x4 ,! "n1 h[ev]1 is m probably d]iv$ f ! ,gaelic dhu or dubh1 signify+ black4 ,?is is all ! m likely :5 we rememb] t ! gr\nd ar\nd 0 wet & miry be=e ! spr+ 0 put into ord]1 & ! pres5t pump-room built1 9 #ahbf4 ,we f9d m>ks ( ,ronan 9 ,scotti% topography4 ,9 ,dumb>ton%ire is ,kilm>onock1 mean+1 lit]ally1 ! ,*ur* ( my little ,ronan2 ,kilm>onog ne> ,lo* ,etive has ! same signification4 ,dr4 ,sk5e ref]s to ^! two d$ications1 & adds1 ,ronan appe>s to h c>ri$ 8 mission to ! ,isles4 ,he has left 8 trace 9 ,iona1 :]e "o ( ! h>b\rs is ,port ,ronan4 ,! *ur*1 aft]w>ds ! p>i% *ur*1 0 d$icat$ to him1 & is call$ ,teampull ,ronaig1 & its bury+-gr\nd1 ,cladh ,ronan4 ,!n we f9d him at ,rona1 9 ! ,s\nd ( ,skye1 & ano!r ,rona1 (f ! coa/ ( ,lewis2 &1 f9ally1 8 dea? is record$ 9 #gcg z ,ronan1 abbot ( ,c9ng>adh or ,k+>?1 9 ,bute4 ,ronan is patron ( v>i\s spr+s4 ,!re is "o sacr$ to him ne> ,kilm>onock1 ano!r 9 ! ,ab]de5%ire p>i% ( ,/ra?don1 & ano!r1 already ref]r$ to1 beside ,teampull ,mr1 9 ! ,butt ( ,lewis4 ,! p>i% ( ,/r[an1 n[ jo9$ to t ( ,monzievaird1 has a well to ! sa9t4 ,?is 0 to be expect$1 s9ce ! "n ( ! p>i% is m]ely an alt]$ =m ( ,/4 ,r[an or ,ronan4 ,ab\t a hundr$ y>ds above ! bridge ( ,/r[an1 !re is a deep pool 9 ! riv] ,e>n1 call$ ,pol-,ronan1 & a piece ( gr\nd h>d by 0 =m]ly ! site ( ! ye>ly ga!r+ kn[n z ,feill-,ronan or ,/4 ,ronan's ,fair4 ,! p>i% ( ,/4 ,f]gus1 9 ,bu*an1 kn[n till ! ye> #afaf z ,langley1 commemorates an ,iri% mission>y ( ! eigh? c5tury1 :o l$ a rov+ life1 if we c believe ! tradition1 t he evangelis$ ,cai?ness1 ,bu*an1 ,/ra!>n1 & ,=f>%ire1 z well z att5d$ an ,ecclesia/ical ,c\ncil at ,rome4 ,! leg5d t 8 well 9 ,kirkmi*ael p>i%1 ,banff%ire1 0 at "o "t 9 ,italy may be connect$ ) 8 visit to ,rome4 ,conc]n+ ?is spr+1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3--,f]gan ,well is situat$ on ! s\?-ea/ side ( ,knock-,f]gan1 a hill ( consid]able height on ! we/ side ( ! riv] ,avon1 opposite ! manse ( ,kirkmi*ael4 ,! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may & ,ea/] ,sunday 7 ! pr9cipal ,sundays = visit+ x1 & _m f ! surr\nd+ p>i%es1 :o 7 affect$ ) sk9 diseases or runn+ sores1 came to dr9k ( its wat]1 & to wa% 9 x4 ,! h\r ( arrival 0 twelve o'clock at night1 & ! dr9k+ ( ! wat] & ! wa%+ ( ! diseas$ "p took place be=e or at sunrise4 ,a quantity ( ! wat] 0 c>ri$ home = future use4 ,pilgrimages 7 made up to ! end ( ,septemb]1 by :i* "t ! heal+ virtues ( ! wat] _h become less4 ,su* aft]-visits seem to h begun 9 lat] times4 ,f]gus di$ at ,glamis1 & 8 relics soon began to "w cures4 ,8 head 0 c>ri$ (f to ! mona/]y ( ,scone1 & 0 s mu* e/eem$ 9 lat] times t1 by ord] ( ,james ,,iv41 a silv] case 0 made = x4 ,8 cave & well are to be se5 at ,glamis4 ,!re is a spr+ d$icat$ to him ne> ,montrose1 & !re is ano!r at ,wick4 ,v>i\s o!r sa9tly p]sonages h left traces ( _! names 9 holy wells4 ,*alm]s1 9 8 ,cal$onia1 m5tions t ! anci5t *ur* ( ,aldcamus1 9 ,cockburnspa? p>i%1 ,b]wick%ire1 0 d$icat$ to ,hel51 "m ( ,con/ant9e1 & t its ru9s 7 kn[n z ,/4 ,hel5's ,kirk4 ,a portion ( ! build+ /ill /&s4 ,to ! nor? ( x is a bury+-gr\nd2 b1 curi\sly en\gh1 z ,mr4 ,muir po9ts out 9 8 ,anci5t ,*ur*es ( ,scotl&1 ! spot does n appe> ev] to h be5 us$ = purposes ( sepulture4 ,we d n "k surely ( any spr+ to ,hel5 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 b !re is "o at ,d>nick1 ne> ,melrose4 ,ano!r is 9 ,kirkpatrick-,flem+ p>i%1 ,dumfries%ire4 ,p]haps ! be/ kn[n is ,/4 ,hel5's ,well1 beside ! highway f ,maybole to ,ayr1 ab\t two-&-a-half miles f ! =m] t[n4 ,x 0 mu* resort$ to on ,may ,day = ! cure ( sickly *ildr54 ,on ,timo?y ,pont's map1 ( date #afed1 !re is a ,hel5's ,lo* m>k$ a little to ! s\?-we/ ( ,camelon1 9 ,/irl+%ire4 ,"s writ]s h attempt$ to claim ,hel5 z a native ( ,brita91 & ,col*e/] & ,york h1 = diff]5t reasons1 be5 fix$ on z h] bir?-place4 ,! circum/ance t ,con/ant9e 0 proclaim$ ,emp]or at ! latt] t[n1 on ! dea? !re ( 8 fa!r1 ,con/antius ,*lorus1 probably gave rise to ! tradition4 ,anyh[1 ,hel5 seems to h be5 held 9 high hon\r 9 ,engl&4 ,9 an article 9 ! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal = ,decemb]1 #ahia1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,peacock m5tions t !re are at lea/ fifte5 wells nam$ aft] h] s\? ( ! ,twe$4 ,he adds1 !re are _m *ur*es d$icat$ to ! hon\r ( ,/4 ,hel5 9 ,engl&1 b !y are v irregul>ly di/ribut$4 ,none seems to occur 9 ,cumb]l&1 ,we/morel&1 or ,essex4 ,! re/ ( ! ,engli% %ires1 = :i* we h au!ntic in=mation1 give ! foll[+ results3--,devon%ire1 ?ree2 ,durham1 two2 ,k5t1 "o2 ,l9coln%ire1 tw5ty-eight2 ,nor?umb]l&1 ?ree2 ,nott+ham%ire1 fifte52 ,york%ire1 ?irty-two4 ,hel5's "n occurs 9 ,wel% leg5ds2 b1 z ,mr4 ,peacock obs]ves1 e>ly hi/ory is s mu* di/ort$ 9 !m1 t1 if we did n "k ( h] f m au!ntic s\rces1 we might well believe ,hel5 to h be5 a m]e creation ( ! f]vid ,keltic imag9ation4 ,z f> z is kn[n !re are nei!r wells nor *ur* d$ications to h] 9 ! ,pr9cipality4 ,at ,ayton1 9 ,b]wick%ire1 we f9d ,/4 ,abb's ,well1 recall+ ,abb or bba1 :o1 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 presid$ ov] a mona/]y on ! headl& /ill be>+ h] "n1 & 9 ^: hon\r ! priory at ,cold+ham 0 f\nd$ by ,edg>1 son ( ,malcolm ,canmore1 "s f\r c5turies & a half lat]4 ,h] mona/]y on ! headl& 0 f\nd$ by ,aidan1 :o 0 s5t f ,iona to ! ,nor? ( ,engl& 9 response to a reque/ f ,k+ ,oswald1 ( ,b]nicia1 = a mission>y to prea* ,*ri/ianity to 8 pagan subjects4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! ye> #fce4 ,aidan made ! isl& ( ,l9disf>ne1 (f ! coa/ ( ,nor?umb]l&1 8 head-qu>t]s4 ,x is /ill kn[n z ,holy ,isl&4 ,aidan has n be5 =gott5 9 ! matt] ( wells4 ,!re are f\r to him1 viz41 at ,m5muir & at ,fe>n1 9 ,=f>%ire2 at ,balm]9o1 9 ,fife2 & at ,cambusne?an1 9 ,lan>k%ire4 ,?is la/1 call$ ,/4 ,it5's ,well1 0 not$ = ! cure ( a/hma & sk9-disease4 ,boisil1 abbot ( ! mona/]y ( ,old ,melrose1 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury1 /ill lives 9 ! "n ( ! ,roxburgh%ire village & p>i% ( ,/4 ,boswell's4 ,!re is a spr+ 9 ! p>i% be>+ ! "n ( ,! ,well-brae ,wall4 ,boswell's own spr+ is popul>ly /yl$ ! ,h>e-well4 ,n f> f bo? is ,/4 ,boswell's ,burn1 a tribut>y ( ! ,twe$4 ,! local fair held on ,july #ah?1 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t1 us$ to be a notable "o 9 ! bord] c\nties1 & 0 frequ5t$ by l>ge numb]s ( gipsies :o set up boo?s = ! sale ( _! w>es4 ,ba?an1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! e>ly sev5? c5tury1 _h to d ) ,%etl&1 & ) ! region ab\t ! ,:ittadd]1 9 ,b]wick%ire4 ,abbey ,/4 ,ba?ans1 9 ! latt] c\nty1 is nam$ aft] him4 ,8 well is on "o ( ! haughs beside ! riv]1 n f> f ! ru9$ nunn]y4 ,its wat] is believ$ nev] to freeze4 ,boniface belong$ to ! same c5tury4 ,he is said to h prea*$ ,*ri/ianity at ,g[rie1 9 ,pictavia1 & aft]w>ds at ,rosem>kie1 9 ! ,black ,isle1 :]e he di$ at ! age ( eighty1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,a well & a fair at ,rosem>kie /ill keep alive 8 memory4 ,! fame ( ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria travell$ to ,scotl& at a comp>atively e>ly p]iod4 ,?is holy maid5 0 not$ = h] le>n+4 ,inde$ %e 0 s wise t ,max5tius ! ,emp]or call$ h] a second ,plato4 ,! ,emp]or's complim5ts1 h[ev]1 /opp$ !re1 = he ord]$ h] to be execut$ on acc\nt ( h] contempt = paganism4 ,! :eel1 h] usual attribute 9 art1 0 n ! in/rum5t ( h] m>tyrdom1 z x 0 miracul\sly de/roy$4 ,%e met h] dea? by be+ behead$1 &1 imm$iately !reaft]1 h] body 0 c>ri$ by angels to ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,^! & o!r leg5d>y incid5ts mu/ h conduc$ to make ! sa9t popul>4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,balm-well1 at ,lib]ton1 ,mid-,lo?ian1 _h a high reputation = cur+ sk9-disease4 ,m>t9 speaks ( a well to ,/4 ,ca!r9e on ! s\? coa/ ( ,eigg1 reckon$ by ! isl&]s a specific 9 all k9ds ( disease4 ,he gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( its d$ication by ,fa!r ,hugh1 a prie/1 & ( ! respect paid to ! spr+ 9 consequ5ce3--,he 7! prie/7 oblig$ all ! inhabitants to come to ?is well1 & !n employ$ !m to br+ toge!r a great heap ( /ones at ! head ( ! spr+ by way ( p5ance4 ,?is be+ done1 he said ,mass at ! well1 & !n consecrat$ x2 he gave ea* ( ! inhabitants a piece ( wax c&le1 :i* !y light$1 & all ( !m made ! ,dessil1--( go+ r\nd ! well sun-ways1 ! prie/ lead+ !m2 & f t "t x 0 acc\nt$ unlawful to boil any meat ) ! wat] ( ?is well4 ,9 ! s\?-we/ ( ,scotl&1 ,ca!r9e has1 or _h1 ?ree wells1 viz41 at ,/oneykirk1 at ,l[ ,drumore1 & at ,old ,luce1 opposite ! ,abbey4 ,9 ! nor?-ea/ !re are ?ree1 viz41 at ,fyvie1 ,ab]de5%ire2 & 9 ,alvah p>i%1 ,banff%ire2 & at ,banff itself4 ,at ,%otts1 9 ,lan>k%ire1 ! f\nta9 by ! roadside imm$iately bel[ ! p>i% *ur* is1 or at lea/ 01 locally kn[n z ,cat's or ,kate's ,well--a contraction ( ! ,sa9t's "n--rem9d+ "o ( ! ,kate ,k5n$y celebration at ,/4 ,&rews ,univ]sity1 :i* orig9at$ 9 connection ) ! gift ( a bell by ,bi%op ,k5n$y 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t4 ,! ru9s ( ,caibeal ,cair9e1 i4e41 ,ca!r9e's ,*apel1 are 9 ,s\!nd p>i%1 ,k9tyre1 & two f>ms call$ ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>9e are 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,capta9 ,:ite1 :5 explor+ ! di/rict1 s\ght = ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,well 9 ! adjo9+ gl51 b fail$ to f9d x4 ,a *apel to ! sa9t once /ood 9 ! quondam t[n ( ,k9c>d9e 9 ! ,me>ns4 ,its gravey>d alone rema9s4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,fair1 held at ,k9c>d9e till ! ye> #afab1 0 !n transf]r$ to ! neighb\r+ ,fett]cairn4 ,!re is p]haps no place-"n m famili> to visitors to ,inv]>ay ?an ,/4 ,ca!r9e's1 on ! opposite %ore ( ,lo* ,fyne4 ,x 0 9 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,aisle1 )9 ! p>i% *ur* ( ,l9li?g[1 t ,james ,,iv4 saw ! my/]i\s app>ition t w>n$ him to bew>e ( ,flodd54 ,at ,port-,er91 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 is a spr+ close to ! bea*1 & on a /one beside x 9 old lett]+1 c be read ! piece ( advice3-- ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,well1 ,keep me clean4 ,lawr5ce is repres5t$ by v>i\s spr+s1 viz41 by "o 9 ,kirkcudbright%ire1 at ,fairgir?2 by "o 9 ,elg9%ire1 at ,new ,duffus2 & by two 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 at ,k9nord2 & at ,rayne1 :]e a horse m>ket1 call$ ,lawr5ce ,fair1 is /ill held annually 9 ,augu/4 ,ne> ! ,fairgir? spr+ /& ! ivy-clad ru9s ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce's ,*apel1 at "o "t surr\nd$ by a gravey>d4 ,! p>i% ( ,slamannan1 9 ,/irl+%ire1 0 anci5tly call$ ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 its pre-,re=mation *ur* hav+ be5 d$icat$ to him4 ,an excell5t spr+1 n f> f ! p>i% *ur*1 is kn[n z ,/4 ,lawr5ce's ,well4 ,!re is reason to believe t all ^! d$ications relate to ,lawr5ce1 :o1 ab\t ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury1 suff]$ at ,rome1 by be+ broil$ ov] a sl[ fire1 & 9 ^: hon\r ! ,escurial 9 ,spa9 0 built 9 ! =m ( a gridiron--! suppos$ in/rum5t ( 8 m>tyrdom4 ,laur5cekirk1 9 ,k9c>d9e%ire1 anci5tly call$ ,conve?1 receiv$ its "n1 n f ! m>tyr1 b f ,lawr5ce1 ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 successor ( ,augu/9e1 e>ly 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,he is said to h visit$ ! ,me>ns4 ,! *ur* ( ,conve? 0 nam$ 9 8 hon\r ,laur5cekirk4 ,z f> z we "k1 h[ev]1 !re is no spr+ to him 9 ! di/rict4 ,m>g>et1 que5 & sa9t1 wife ( ,malcolm ,canmore1 0 a light amid ! d>kness ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,inde$ %e 0 a light to _m lat] c5turies4 ,! secret ( h] b5eficial influ5ce lay 9 h] p]sonal "*1 & %e und\bt$ly did mu* to recomm5d civilisation to a b>b>\s age4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ n be =gott5 t ?r\gh h] ,engli% tra9+ %e 0 unable to appreciate ei!r ! spee* or ! special religi\s in/itutions ( h] ,scotti% subjects1 & t1 accord+ly1 ! *anges introduc$ by h] 7 n all re=ms4 ,:5 sket*+ h] influ5ce on ! hi/ory ( h] "t1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,m',lau*lan1 9 8 ,e>ly ,scotti% ,*ur*1 obs]ves1 ,%e 0 some:at unwill+ly h9d]$ f ent]+ a mona/]y by h] m>riage ) ,malcolm1 & ! latt] repaid ! obligation by unb\nd$ devotion to h] & read9ess to fall 9 ) all h] s*emes4 ,%e 0 br\ght up 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*1 z t ,*ur* 0 m\ld$ by ,augu/9e & o!r emiss>ies ( ,rome1 & 0 9 consequ5ce naturally oppos$ to _m ( ! peculi>ities ( ! ,scotti% ,*ur*1 :i* 0 /ill )\t diocesan bi%ops1 & _h _m ?+s 9 its =ms ( wor%ip peculi> to itself4 ,dunf]ml9e 0 ,malcolm's fav\rite place ( resid5ce1 & _m 7 ! j\rneys made by 8 wife betwe5 x & ,ed9burgh4 ,! names ( ,nor? & ,s\? ,que5sf]ry1 :]e %e cross$ ! ,=?1 tell ( ^! royal exp$itions4 ,malcolm & ,m>g>et 7 associat$ ) ! t[n ( ,=f>4 ,local topography has /ill its ,k+'s ,muir1 & its ,que5's ,well to te/ify to ! fact2 & on ! ,in* ( ,=f> ,lo*1 :]e ,m>g>et _h a resid5ce1 an annual celebration 0 long held 9 h] hon\r4 ,%e _h a spr+ at ,ed9burgh ,ca/le1 describ$ z ! f\nta9 :i* rises ne> ! corn] ( ! ,k+'s ,g>d51 on ! road lead+ to ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,well--once at ,re/alrig1 n[ 9 ! ,que5's ,p>k--has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,at ,dunf]ml9e !re is a spr+ 9 a cave :]e1 accord+ to tradition1 %e sp5t _m an h\r 9 pi\s m$itation4 ,! cave is ab\t sev5 feet 9 height1 fully eight 9 bread?1 & v>ies 9 dep? f eight to elev54 ,?is cave1 rem>ks ! ,rev4 ,pet] ,*alm]s 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,dunf]ml9e1 is situat$ at a %ort di/ance nor? f ! ,t[] ,hill1 & f ! m\nd cross+ ! rav9e on :i* "p ( ! t[n /&s4 ,!re is at pres5t a small spr+ well at ! bottom1 ! wat] ( :i* rises at times & cov]s ! :ole l[] space2 b anci5tly1 x is to be presum$1 !re 0 none1 or at lea/ x mu/ h be5 cov]$1 & prev5t$ f ov]fl[+ ! floor1 :i* w\ld ei!r h be5 =m$ ( ! rock or h be5 pav$4 ,a consid]able am\nt ( rubbi% accumulat$ 9 ! cave1 b ?is 0 remov$ 9 #ahgg4 ,dur+ ! process ( cle>+ out ! cave1 rem>ks ,dr4 ,h5d]son 9 8 ,annals ( ,dunf]ml9e1 two /one seats or b5*es 7 discov]$ along ! base ( ! nor? & s\? sides1 b !re 7 no c>v+s or devices se5 on !m4 ,ne> ! back ( ! cave a small sunk well 0 f\nd1 b x is n[ cov]$ ov] ) a /one flag4 ,sev]al ,scripture *>act]s h wells nam$ aft] !m4 ,/4 ,mat!w has spr+s at ,kirkton1 ,dumfries%ire1 & at ,rosl91 ,midlo?ian4 ,/4 ,&rew's "n is atta*$ to wells at ,s&al1 9 ,k9tyre2 at ,nor? ,b]wick1 9 ,ea/ ,lo?ian2 at ,%ad>1 9 ,lewis2 & at ,selkirk--?is la/ hav+ be5 uncov]$ 9 #ahib1 aft] rema9+ clos$1 x is believ$1 = fully ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,a spr+ at ,/4 ,&rews1 call$ ,holy ,well1 is und]/ood to h be5 d$icat$ ei!r to ,&rew or to ,regulus4 ,/4 ,paul has spr+s at ,fyvie & at ,l9li?g[2 ,/4 ,philip is patron ( "o 9 ,y>r[ p>i%1 ,selkirk%ire2 ,/4 ,james has "o at ,g>vock1 9 ,ab]de5%ire2 ,/4 ,?omas has ?ree--at ,lo*mab51 ,dumfries%ire2 at ,crieff1 9 ,p]?%ire2 & ne> ,/irl+2 & ,/4 ,john has a consid]able numb] ( spr+s4 ,"s ( ^! are to ! ,evangeli/1 & "s to ! ,bapti/4 ,x is (t5 difficult to "k to :i* ( ! two ! patronage ( a giv5 well %\ld be ascrib$4 ,( ! f\r *apels along ! ea/ wall ( ! l[] *ur* ( ,glasg[ ,ca!dral1 ! "o next to ,/4 ,mungo's ,well 0 d$icat$ 9 pre-,re=mation times to ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,x w\ld h be5 m appropriately d$icat$ to ! ,bapti/4 ,/4 ,john's ,wells are to be f\nd at ,m(fat1 9 ,dumfries%ire2 at ,logie ,cold/one1 9 ,ab]de5%ire2 ne> ,fo*ab]s1 9 ,elg9%ire2 at ,inv]kei?+1 ,balm]9o2 & ,falkl&1 9 ,fife2 at ,k9ne?mont1 & 9 ,new ,ab]d\r1 9 ,ab]de5%ire2 at ,m>ykirk1 9 ,k9c>d9e%ire2 at ,kirkton ( ,desk=d1 at ,ordiquhill1 & also ne> ! old *ur* ( ,gamrie1 9 ,banff%ire2 at ,/ranra]1 9 ,wigt[n%ire2 at ,dunrob91 9 ,su!rl&2 & else:]e4 ,!re are m ?an a doz5 wells to ,/4 ,pet]4 ,^! are to be f\nd ma9ly 9 c\nties 9 ! s\?-we/1 & 9 ! nor?-ea/4 ,9 ! latt] di/rict !re is a well at ,m>no*1 9 ,banff%ire1 call$ ,petrie's ,well4 ,/4 ,anne1 ! reput$ "m ( ! ,virg91 presid$ ov] wells at ,ladykirk1 9 ,b]wick%ire2 ne> ! old *ur* ( ,/4 ,anne1 9 ,d[ally p>i%1 ,p]?%ire2 & at ,glass1 on ! ,dev]on4 ,! ,virg9 h]self 0 specially popul> z ! patroness ( f\nta9s4 ,!re are ov] sev5ty d$icat$ to h] "u a v>iety ( names1 su* z1 ,/4 ,m>y's ,well1 ,m>ia ,well1 c4 ,! t[n ( ,mo!rwell1 9 ,lan>k%ire1 0 s call$ aft] a fam\s well to ! ,virg94 ,tob]mory1 9 ,mull--lit]ally1 ,well ( ,m>y--0 orig9ally a f\nta94 ,a village 0 built beside x1 9 #aghh1 z a fi%+ c5tre = ! ,briti% ,fi%]ies' ,company4 ,a curi\s leg5d ab\t ! n[ ivy-clad ru9s ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y 9 ,au*9doir p>i%1 ,ab]de5%ire1 is ?us ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,a4 ,j]vise 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 vol4 viii4 7old s]ies73--,accord+ to tradition1 x 0 orig9ally propos$ to rebuild ! *ur* at a place call$ ,kirkcairns 7n[ ,gl5cairns7 to ! s\? ( ,lumsd5 village1 & b = ! w>n+ voice ( ! ,virg91 :o appe>s to h be5 a good judge bo? ( locality & soil1 ! kirk w\ld h be5 plac$ 9 an obscure /]ile di/rict4 ,besides be+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( good l&1 f9e views ( ! upp] "p ( ,/ra?bogie & ( ! surr\nd+ hills are obta9$ f ! pres5t site4444 ,/4 ,m>y's ,well is ab\t a hundr$ y>ds to ! we/4 ,if ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel did n fold 8 w+s ov] any ,scotti% wells1 he at lea/ gave "n to sev]al4 ,!re is a ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,spr+ 9 ,kirkmi*ael p>i%1 ,banff%ire1 & ano!r at ,dallas 9 ,elg9%ire4 ,9 bo? cases1 ! anci5t *ur* 0 d$icat$ to him4 ,culsalmond1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 & ,appleg>?1 9 ,dumfries%ire1 h1 & ,ed9burgh once _h1 a ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,well4 ,! be/ kn[n is probably ! "o at ,l9li?g[1 ) its qua9t inscription--,sa9t ,mi*ael is k9de to /ra+]s4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]--to ^: li/ ( ,holy ,wells 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 vol4 v4 7new s]ies71 we h be5 indebt$ = v>i\s useful h9ts--rem>ks1 ,! build+ cov]+ ?is well dates only f #agbj4444 ,x is conjectur$ t ! /atue 0 tak5 f ! ,cross-well :5 re/or$ ab\t t date & plac$ "h to repres5t ,/4 ,mi*ael1 :o is ! patron sa9t ( ,l9li?g[ ,*ur*4444 ,) ! exception ( ! /atue1 :i* is und\bt$ly ( mu* e>li] date ?an #agbj1 ! /ructure %[s ! utt] abs5ce ( ar*itectural k--especially ,go?ic--*>act]i/ic ( ! la/ c5tury 9 ,scotl&4 ,mi*ael 0 tutel> sa9t1 n only ( ! *ur*1 b also ( ! burgh ( ,l9li?g[4 ,9 ! t[n ,arms he is repres5t$ ) outspread w+s1 /&+ on a s]p5t ^: head he is pi]c+ ) a spe>4 ,he 0 also ! gu>dian ( ! burgh ( ,dumfries4 ,at ,inv]lussa1 9 ,nor? ,knapdale p>i%1 ,argyll%ire1 may be se5 ! anci5t *apel & bury+-gr\nd ( ,kilmi*ael4 ,a well 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood is d$icat$1 n to ! ar*angel1 b to "s local ecclesia/ic1 ^: "n is n[ =gott54 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is spr+1 ,capta9 ,:ite says1 ,trickl+ out f "u a rock1 is ! ,prie/'s ,well 7,tob>-ant-,sagairt71 fam\s1 l _m ano!r spr+ ( s-call$ holy wat]1 = its miracul\s heal+ virtues4 ,i believe ! c\ntry p h by no means lo/ _! fai? 9 its p[]s4 ,! ext5t ( ! ar*angel's popul>ity 9 ,scotl& is %[n by 8 impress on topography4 ,among place-names we f9d at lea/ ?ree ,kilmi*aels1 & !re are five p>i%es call$ ,kirkmi*ael1 respectively 9 ! c\nties ( ,dumfries1 ,ayr1 ,p]?1 ,ross & ,crom>ty1 & ,banff4 ,a *apel is said to h be5 d$icat$ to him at a v e>ly date on ! top ( ! ,ca/le ,rock at ,ed9burgh4 ,ano!r once /ood 9 ! demesne ( ,lovat1 :]e 0 f\nd$1 ab\t #abcb1 a ,priory = ,fr5* monks1 :o 7 s /ruck ) ! beauty ( ! spot t !y call$ x ,beau-lieu1 n[ ,beauly4 ,f> we/1 9 ! out] ,hebrides1 he _h fai?ful vot>ies4 ,on ! isl& ( ,grimisay1 close to ,nor? ,ui/1 a *apel /yl$ ,teampull ,mhi*eil 0 built 9 8 hon\r t[>ds ! close ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 ! "w ( ,amie1 o!rwise ,annie1 wife ( ,john ( ,isla1 fir/ ,"l ( ! ,isles1 & 0 us$ by h] z an oratory :5 prev5t$ by r\gh wea!r f cross+ ! ,m9* to visit h] fri5ds 9 ,lorne4 ,t ! ar*angel %\ld h _h wells nam$ aft] him is !re=e n surpris+4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,/one ,,blocks ,,& ,,sa9ts' ,,spr+s4 ,/one ,b$s & ,*airs--,cave ,life--,dw>fie ,/one--,/one ,boats--,bal!re--,8 ,corpse--,8 ,well & ,cradle--,m>nan--,8 ,influ5ce on ,topography--,8 ,head--,/4 ,m>nan's ,*air & ,well--,mu*ri*a--,ca?air ,donan--,/4 ,donan's ,well--,patrick--,8 ,wells--,/4 ,patrick's ,vat--,qu>ry at ,portpatrick--,columbanus--,m>k ( 8 ,h&--,k5tig]n's ,*air & ,b$--,8 connection ) ,ab]de5%ire--,! ,lady's ,b$--,!new--,columba's ,b$ & ,pill[--,holy ,isl&--,traces ( ,molio--,/4 ,blane's ,*apel--,kilmun--,inan--,/4 ,innian's ,well--,t5ant's ,day--,/4 ,inan's ,*air & ,spr+s--,kev9--,pr9t ( ,virg9's ,knee--,traces ( ,columba at ,keil--,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,/ane--,/4 ,madron's ,b$--,mean-an-,tol--,morw5na--,/4 ,fillan's ,*air--,/4 ,fillan's ,spr+--,wat] = ,sore ,eyes--,! ,two ,fillans--,_! ,d$ications--,que5 ,m>g>et's ,seat--,/4 ,bonnet's ,spr+--,! ,fairies' ,cradle--,! ,pot o' ,pitt5y\l--,*ur* ( ,inv]g[rie--,grey/ane--,cadg]'s ,bridge--,wallace's ,seat & ,well4 ,b$s & ,*airs ( /one are connect$ ) v>i\s e>ly sa9ts1 & z su* relics are (t5 associat$ ) holy wells1 "s notice ( ^! may n be )\t int]e/4 ,we h already se5 t cave life 0 r popul> among ^! e>ly mission>ies4 ,any?+ ( a rocky nature 0 !re=e q 9 l9e ) _! ascetic ways4 ,hoy1 "o ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 fam\s = its wild sc5]y1 & specially = ! pill> ( rock popul>ly /yl$ ,! ,old ,man1 conta9s a curi\s monum5t ( antiquity 9 ! %ape ( a l>ge block ( s&/one call$ ,! ,dw>fie ,/one1 holl[$ out long ago by "s unkn[n h&4 ,! *amb]1 ?us excavat$1 conta9s two b$s hewn out ( ! /one1 "o ( !m hav+ a pill[ ( ! same h>d mat]ial4 ,on ! floor ( ! *amb] is a he>? :]e a fire _h evid5tly burn$1 & 9 ! ro( is a hole = ! escape ( ! smoke4 ,leg5d reports t a giant & 8 wife abode )92 b ! holl[ space 0 m probably ! retreat ( "s h]mit--p]haps1 ( m ?an "o1 see+ !re are two c\*es2 ?\gh1 possibly1 "o ( ! suppos$ c\*es may h be5 a table & ! o!r a b$4 ,p]haps ! an*orite _h 8 spr+ :i!r he w&]$ daily to slake 8 ?ir/2 b1 z f> z we "k1 !re is no tradition reg>d+ any holy well 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,m>t91 9 connection ) 8 visit to ,orkney1 ref]s to a /one 9 ! *apel ( ,ladykirk1 9 ,s\? ,ronald%ay1 call$ ,/4 ,magnus's ,boat4 ,! /one 0 f\r feet 9 l5g?1 & tap]$ away at bo? ends2 b its special feature 0 ! pr9t ( two human feet on ! upp] surface4 ,a local tradition affirm$ t :5 ,/4 ,magnus want$ on "o occasion to cross ! ,p5tl& ,fir? to ,cai?ness he us$ ?is /one z 8 boat1 & t he aft]w>ds c>ri$ x to ,ladykirk4 ,accord+ to ano!r tradition1 ! /one s]v$ 9 pre-,re=mation times = ! puni%m5t ( del9qu5ts1 :o 7 oblig$ to /& b>efoot$ ^u x by way ( p5ance4 ,!re is a ,/4 ,magnus's ,well1 n 9 ,s\? ,ronald%ay1 h[ev]1 b at ,birsay1 9 ! ma9l& ( ,orkney4 ,:5 ,conval cross$ f ,irel& to ,scotl&1 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 he1 too1 made a block ( /one d duty z a boat4 ,x f\nd a re/+-place beside ! riv] ,c>t1 ne> ,r5frew1 & 0 kn[n z ,currus ,sancti ,convalli4 ,by its means miracul\s cures 7 wr\ght on man & bea/4 ,a rock at ! m\? ( ,aldham ,bay1 9 ,hadd+ton%ire1 is kn[n z ,/4 ,baudron's ,boat1 & tradition says t he cross$ on x f ! ,bass1 :]e he _h a cell4 ,?is sa9t--call$ also ,bal!re & ,baldr$--f\nd$ ! mona/]y ( ,tyn+ham1 & di$ e>ly 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,he mu/ h be5 popul> 9 ! di/rict1 =1 if we c believe an old leg5d1 ! p>i%ion]s ( ! *ur*es ( ,aldham1 ,tyn+ham1 & ,pre/onkirk tri$ to get possession ( 8 relics4 ,to satisfy _! dem&s 8 body 0 miracul\sly multipli$ by ?ree1 & ea* *ur* 0 ?us provid$ ) "o4 ,ne> ,tantallon ,ca/le is ,/4 ,baldr$'s ,well1 & a fissure 9 ! cliff at ,:itb]ry1 n f> f ! m\? ( ! ,tyne1 is kn[n z ,/4 ,baldr$'s ,b$ or ,cradle4 ,m>nan or ,m>no*1 besides giv+ "n to ! t[n ( ,kilm>nock1 9 ,ayr%ire1 & to ! ,isl& ( ,in*m>no*1 (f ,bute1 is rememb]$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,banff%ire p>i% ( ,m>no*1 :]e he lab\r$ z a mission>y 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,8 head 0 kept z a rev]$ relic 9 ! *ur* ( ,ab]*ird]1 & solemn oa?s 7 sworn by x4 ,use 0 also made ( x = !rapeutic purposes4 ,x 0 p]iodically wa%$1 & ! wat] 0 giv5 to ! sick = ! re/oration ( _! heal?4 ,?is 0 n an isolat$ case4 ,b$e tells u1 t aft] ,cu?b]t's dea?1 "s ( ! wat] 9 :i* 8 body 0 wa%$1 0 giv5 to an epileptic boy along ) "s consecrat$ e>?1 & br\ght ab\t a cure4 ,a /one1 call$ ,/4 ,m>nan's ,*air1 is1 or 0 till lately1 to be se5 at ,ab]*ird]2 & a spr+1 ne> ! p>i% manse1 be>s ! sa9t's "n4 ,ab\t a mile & a half f ! *ur* ( ,aboyne1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 is ,/4 ,mu*ri*a's ,well1 & beside x is a /one m>k$ ) a cross4 ,at "o "t1 ?is /one 0 remov$4 ,accord+ to a local tradition1 x 0 br\ght back by ,mu*ri*a1 ! gu>dian ( ! well1 :o seem$ unwill+ to lose sight ( ! lo/ prop]ty4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,kildonan1 ,su!rl&1 two or ?ree blocks ( /one1 plac$ 9 ! =m ( a seat1 w5t by ! "n ( ,ca?air ,donan1 i4e41 ,donan's ,*air4 ,9 8 cille or *ur*1 ,donan taught ! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity2 &1 seat$ 9 8 ca?air1 he adm9i/]$ ju/ice to ! p ( ! di/rict4 ,!re is a ,/4 ,donan's ,well 9 ,eigg1 ! isl& :]e ! sa9t & 8 companion cl]ics 7 murd]$ by ! natives e>ly 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,patrick1 ! well-kn[n mission>y ( ,irel&1 0 rev]5c$ also 9 ,scotl&4 ,!re is a well d$icat$ to him 9 ! p>i% ( ,mu?ill1 ,p]?%ire1 & close to x once /ood a *apel1 believ$ to h borne 8 "n4 ,f ! article on ,mu?ill p>i%1 9 ! ,new ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 we le>n t 9 =m] times ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict held ! sa9t's memory 9 su* v5]ation t1 on 8 day1 nei!r ! clap ( ! mill 0 he>d nor ! pl\gh se5 to move 9 ! furr[4 ,!re is a well d$icat$ to him 9 ,dalziel p>i%1 ,lan>k%ire4 ,ab\t sixty y>ds f ,/4 ,patrick's temple1 9 ! isl& ( ,tyree1 is a rock1 ) a holl[ on ! top1 two feet across & f\r feet deep1 kn[n to ! isl&]s z ,/4 ,patrick's ,vat4 ,at any rate x 0 s nam$ at ! end ( la/ c5tury4 ,9 a qu>ry at ,portpatrick1 ,wigt[n%ire1 us$ 9 connection ) ! h>b\r works1 once fl[$ a spr+ d$icat$ to ! sa9t4 ,on ! rock bel[ 7 =m]ly to be se5 c]ta9 m>ks1 said1 by tradition1 to be ! impression made by 8 knees & left h&4 ,columban or ,columbanus1 belong$1 l ,columba1 to ! six? c5tury4 ,irel& 0 also 8 native l&4 ,:5 he left x he travell$1 n nor? l ,columba1 b s\?1 & s\ght ! sunny l&s ( ,france & ,italy4 ,9 ! latt] c\ntry he f\nd$ ! mona/]y ( ,bobbio among ! ,ap5n9es4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,antiqu>y = #ahia rem>ks1 9 connection ) a rec5t visit to ?is mona/]y1 ,i 0 tak5 to see a rock on ! summit ( a m\nta9 call$ ,la ,spanna1 ne> ! cave to :i* ! sa9t is said to h retir$ = pray] & m$itation4 ,! impression ( ! sa9t's left h& is /ill %[n ^u ! face ( ?is rock4 ,! heal+ p[] ( ! patron's h& is believ$ by ! peasantry ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry to l+] /ill 9 ! holl[ m>k+1 & _m suff]]s1 climb+ to ?is spot1 h f\nd relief f lay+ _! h& )9 its palm4 ,9 addition to 8 well beside ! ,mol5d9>1 at ,glasg[1 ,k5tig]n _h a *air & b$1 bo? ( /one4 ,conc]n+ ! latt]1 ,bi%op ,=bes1 9 8 ,kal5d>s ( ,scotti% ,sa9ts1 says1 ,k5tig]n's c\* 0 r a sepul*re ?an a b$1 & 0 ( rock1 ) a /one = a pill[1 l ,jacob4 ,he rose 9 ! night & sang psalms & hymns till ! second cock-cr[+4 ,!n he ru%$ into ! cold /ream1 & ) eyes fix$ on heav5 he recit$ ! :ole psalt]4 ,!n1 com+ out ( ! wat] he dri$ 8 limbs on a /one on ! m\nta9 call$ ,gala?1 & w5t =? = 8 day's "w4 ,k5tig]n's "w took him beyond ! limits ( ,/ra?clyde4 ,he seems to h visit$ ! upl&s ( ,ab]de5%ire4 ,! *ur* ( ,gl5gairn1 a p>i% n[ incorporat$ ) ,tulli* & ,gl5muick1 0 probably f\nd$ by him4 ,at any rate1 x 0 d$icat$ to him4 ,a tradition ( 8 untir+ zeal surviv$ 9 ,ab]de5%ire d[n to ! beg9n+ ( la/ c5tury4 ,accord+ to a prov]b !n curr5t1 sy/ematic b5efic5ce 0 said to be l ,/4 ,mungo's "w1 :i* 0 nev] done4 ,! ,isle ( ,may1 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 has1 on "o ( its rocky sides1 a small cave call$ ,! ,lady's ,b$1 conta9+ a pool 9 its floor4 ,z ,mr4 ,muir po9ts out 9 8 ,ecclesiological ,notes1 x is traditionally associat$ ) ,!new1 ,k5tig]n's "m1 :o1 accord+ to ! leg5d1 aft] be+ ca/ into ! sea at ,ab]lady1 0 miracul\sly float$ to ! ,may1 & !nce1 9 ! same mann]1 to ,culross1 :]e %e 0 /r&$ & gave bir? to ! sa9t4 ,columba1 :5 9 ,iona1 _h a /one slab z a b$1 & a block ( /one z a pill[4 ,adamnan m5tions t1 aft] ! sa9t's dea?1 ?is pill[ /one 0 plac$ z a monum5t ov] 8 grave4 ,gu>d+ ,lamla% ,bay1 :]e ,haco ga!r$ 8 %att]$ fleet aft] ! battle ( ,l>gs1 9 #abfc1 is ,holy ,isl&1 kn[n to ! ,norsem5 z ,melansay4 ,9 ?is isl& is a cave1 at "o "t inhabit$ by ! h]mit ,molio1 & bel[ x1 ne> ! bea*1 is 8 ,holy ,well1 = c5turies reckon$ efficaci\s 9 ! cure ( disease4 ,a l>ge block ( s&/one1 flat on ! top1 ) a s]ies ( recesses l seats cut r\nd its m>g91 con/itutes ! sa9t's *air & table comb9$4 ,molio 0 educat$ 9 ,bute by 8 uncle ,blane1 to :om ! n[ ru9$ ,/4 ,blane's ,*apel 0 d$icat$4 ,he aft]w>ds w5t to ,irel&1 & 0 plac$ "u ,munna1 :o is /ill rememb]$ 9 ! "n ( ,kilmun1 on ,holy ,lo*1 9 ! ,fir? ( ,clyde4 ,inan1 probably ! same z ,f9an1 gave "n to ,in*9nan1 9 ,r5frew%ire1 ?\gh ! anci5t *ur* ( ! p>i% 0 d$icat$1 n to him1 b to ,conval4 ,! *ur* at ,lam+ton1 9 ,lan>k%ire1 0 d$icat$ to ,inan4 ,/4 ,innian's ,well is 9 ! p>i%4 ,he is ! patron sa9t ( ,bei?1 9 ,ayr%ire4 ,! annual fair held !re 9 ,augu/ is popul>ly call$ ,t5ant's ,day--,t5ant be+ a corruption ( ,/4 ,inan4 ,/4 ,inan's ,well & ,/4 ,inan's ,*air keep 8 memory fre% 9 ! di/rict4 ,"s p>ticul>s ab\t !m are giv5 by ,mr4 ,rob]t ,love 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 vol4 xi43--,?is *air is 9 ! rocky hill-face at ! we/ end ( ! ,cuff hills1 & f its elevat$ position a wide tract ( c\ntry f s\? to nor? is ov]look$4 ,at ! base ( ! hill1 & di/ant f ! *air "s hundr$ y>ds1 is a well call$ ,/4 ,inan's ,well1 a d\ble spr+1 :i* issues f ! rock at two po9ts close by ea* o!r1 & :i* is almo/ unapproa*able 9 respect ( its abundance & purity4 ,?is *air is =m$ 9 "p1 possibly by nature1 out ( ! rock ( ! hill4 ,its back & two sides are clos$ 91 :ile1 9 front1 to ! we/1 x is op54 ,! seat prop] is above ! gr\nd 9 front ab\t two feet two in*es1 is two feet f\r in*es 9 bread?1 & "o foot f\r in*es 9 dep? backw>ds4 ,visitors to ! sev5 *ur*es at ,gl5dal\gh1 9 c\nty ,wickl[1 ,irel&1 are usually %[n ,/4 ,kev9's ,seat on a block ( rock4 ,z a pro( ( its g5u95ess ! m>k made by ! sa9t's leg & ! impression ( 8 f+]s are duly po9t$ out by ! local guide4 ,9 ,kirkmaid5 p>i%1 ,wigt[n%ire1 ! pr9t ( ! ,virg9's knee 0 at "o "t %[n on a /one :]e %e knelt 9 pray]4 ,!re 0 a *apel d$icat$ to h] 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,9 ,s\!nd p>i%1 ,k9tyre1 are ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,columba's ,*apel1 /&+ 9 ! anci5t bury+-gr\nd ( ,keil4 ,9 8 ,ecclesiological ,notes ,mr4 ,muir obs]ves1 ,"u an ov]hang+ rock1 close by on ! roadside1 is ,/4 ,columba's ,well1 & on ! top ( a hillock1 ov]look+ ! we/ end ( ! burial gr\nd !re is a flat rock be>+ on its top ! impress ( two feet1 made1 x seems1 by ^? ( ! sa9t :il/ he /ood m>k+ out & hall[+ ! spot on :i* 8 *apel %\ld re/4 ,9 ,bromfield p>i%1 ,cumb]l&1 is a piece ( granite rock call$ ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,/ane1 & ne> x is a copi\s spr+ ( rem>kably pure wat]4 ,br&1 9 8 ,popul> ,antiquities1 says t ?is spr+1 probably f its hav+ be5 anci5tly d$icat$ to ! same ,/4 ,cu?b]t1 is call$ ,helly ,well1 i4e41 ,haly or ,holy ,well4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,hope1 9 8 ,holy ,wells1 ref]s to a block ( /one ne> ,/4 ,madron's ,spr+1 9 ,cornwall1 locally kn[n z ,/4 ,madron's ,b$4 ,we are told t on x impot5t folk recl9$ :5 !y came to try ! cold wat] cure4 ,9 ! same p>i% is a pre-hi/oric relic 9 ! =m ( a granite block ) a hole 9 ! c5tre ( x4 ,x is kn[n 9 ,corni% z ,mean-an-,tol1 i4e41 ! ,/one ( ! ,hole4 ,its "n 9 ,engli% is ,! ,creep+ ,/one4 ,sickly *ildr5 7 at "o "t pass$ ?r\gh ! hole a c]ta9 numb] ( times1 9 ! belief t a cure w\ld foll[4 ,?is sup]/iti\s cu/om recalls :at 0 at "o "t done beside ,/4 ,paul's ,well1 9 ! p>i% ( ,fyvie1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,close to ! well 7 ! ru9s ( an old *ur*4 ,"o ( its /ones 0 support$ on o!r two ) a space bel[4 ,x w5t by ! "n ( ,! ,%>g> ,/one--%>g> signify+ a weakly *ild4 ,! /one1 9 ?is in/ance1 got its "n f ! cu/om 9 ! di/rict ( mo!rs pass+ _! ail+ *ildr5 ?r\gh ! space bel[ ! /one1 9 ! belief t :atev] h9d]$ _! gr[? w\ld !reby be remov$4 ,mr4 ,hope rec\nts a tradition conc]n+ ,morw5/[e1 9 ,devon1 & its patron sa9t1 ,morw5na1 to ! effect t :5 ! p>i%ion]s wi%$ to build a *ur*1 ,morw5na br\ght a l>ge /one f ! foot ( ! cliff to =m ! font4 ,feel+ fatigu$ by ! climb %e laid d[n ! /one to re/ h]self1 & f ! spot a spr+ gu%$ =?4 ,on ! top ( gre5 ,dunfillan1 9 ! p>i% ( ,comrie1 is a rocky seat kn[n 9 ! di/rict z ,fillan's ,*air4 ,"h1 accord+ to tradition1 ! sa9t sat & gave 8 bless+ to ! c\ntry ar\nd4 ,t[>ds ! end ( la/ c5tury1 & d\btless ev5 lat]1 ?is *air 0 associat$ ) a sup]/iti\s rem$y = rheumatism 9 ! back4 ,! p]son to be cur$ sat 9 ! *air1 & !n1 ly+ on 8 back1 0 dragg$ d[n ! hill by ! legs4 ,! influ5ce ( ! sa9t l+]+ ab\t ! spot 0 believ$ to insure recov]y4 ,/4 ,fillan's ,spr+1 at ! hill-foot1 has already be5 ref]r$ to1 9 connection ) its my/]i\s *ange ( site4 ,x 0 mu* frequ5t$ at "o "t by old & "y1 especially on #a/ ,may & #a/ ,augu/4 ,! heal? seek]s walk$ or 7 c>ri$ ?rice r\nd ! spr+ f ea/ to we/1 foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! sun4 ,! next "p ( ! ritual consi/$ 9 ! use ( ! wat] = dr9k+ & wa%+1 9 ?r[+ a :ite /one on ! sa9t's cairn1 ne> ! spr+1 & 9 leav+ a rag z an (f]+ be=e dep>t+4 ,9 #agia n few] ?an sev5ty p]sons visit$ ! spot at ! dates m5tion$4 ,! writ] ( ! article on ,comrie 9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl& supplies ^! p>ticul>s1 & adds1 ,at ! foot ( ! hill !re is a bas9 made by ! sa9t on ! top ( a l>ge /one1 :i* seldom wants wat]1 ev5 9 ! greate/ dr\ght1 & all :o are di/ress$ ) sore eyes mu/ wa% !m ?ree times ) ?is wat]4 ,fillan1 to :om ,comrie p>i% is ?us s mu* indebt$1 fl\ri%$ ab\t ! six? c5tury1 & mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! o!r mission>y ( ! same "n1 :o dwelt m ?an a c5tury lat]1 9 ! /ra?s ( ! ,fillan & ! ,do*>t1 betwe5 ,tyndrum & ,kill94 ,conc]n+ ! =m]1 ,dr4 ,sk5e writes 9 8 ,celtic ,scotl&3 ,fillan1 call$ ,anlob> or '! lep]1' ^: day is #bj? ,june1 is said 9 ! ,iri% cal5d> to h be5 ( ,ra? ,er5n 9 ,alban1 or ! =t ( ! ,e>n 9 ,scotl&1 & ,/4 ,fillans1 at ! ea/ end ( ,lo* ,e>n1 takes its "n f him2 :ile ! *ur* ( ,ab]d\r1 on ! nor!rn %ore ( ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 is also d$icat$ to him4 ,! o!r ,fillan _h 8 ,*apel & ,holy ,pool halfway betwe5 ,tyndrum & ,crianl>i*4 ,he is also connect$ ) ,fife4 ,at ,pitt5weem1 9 t c\nty1 8 cave is to be se51 & 9 x is 8 holy well1 suppli$ ) wat] f crevices 9 ! rock4 ,at ! mill ( ,kill91 9 ,p]?%ire1 once /ood a block ( /one1 kn[n z ,/4 ,fillan's ,*air4 ,close to ! spot fl[s ! ,do*>t1 & "s p]son or p]sons1 ^: muscles 7 /rong] ?an _! antiqu>ian in/9cts1 s\ght n unsuccessfully to ?r[ ! relic into ! riv]4 ,! ,r5frew%ire p>i% ( ,killallan1 unit$ 9 #agfj to t ( ,h\/on1 got its "n f ,fillan4 ,its anci5t *ur*1 n[ ru9$1 0 d$icat$ to him4 ,ne> ! ru9s1 are a /one ) a holl[ 9 x & a spr+1 call$ respectively ,/4 ,fillan's ,seat & ,/4 ,fillan's ,well4 ,ab\t two miles & a half to ! s\?-ea/ ( ,dunf]ml9e1 is a block ( /one1 believ$ to be ! la/ remnant ( a gr\p ( pre-hi/oric ,/&+ ,/ones4 ,accord+ to tradition1 x 0 us$ by ,que5 ,m>g>et1 z a seat :]e %e re/$1 :5 on h] way to & f ! f]ry ov] ! ,=?4 ,a f>m 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood is call$ ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,/one ,f>m1 aft] ! block 9 "q4 ,9 8 ,annals ( ,dunf]ml9e ,dr4 ,h5d]son says1 ,9 #ahef ?is /one 0 remov$ to an adjac5t site1 by ord] ( ! road surveyor1 9 ord] to wid5 ! road :i* requir$ no wid5+1 z no additional traffic 0 likely to ensue1 b ! rev]se2 x is !re=e mu* to be regrett$ t ! old l&m>k 0 remov$4 ,x is 9 contemplation to h ! old /one replac$ on its old site 7z ne>ly z possible7 & made to re/1 ) secure fix+s1 on a massive base or pl9? /one4 ,n f> f ! t[n ( ,crom>ty is ,/4 ,b5net's ,spr+1 beside ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,b5net's ,*apel4 ,close to ! spot once /ood a /one tr\gh1 t]m$ ,! ,fairies' ,cradle4 ,hugh ,mill]1 9 8 ,sc5es & ,leg5ds ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 says t ?is tr\gh 0 fam\s = virtues d]iv$ f ! sa9t1 l ^? ( ! well4 ,=1 if a *ild 0 c>ri$ away by ! fairies & "s mis*iev\s imp left 9 its place1 ! p>5ts _h only to lay ! *angel+ 9 ?is tr\gh1 &1 by "s invisible process1 _! *ild w\ld be imm$iately re/or$ to !m4 ,! ,fairies' ,cradle came to a sudd5 end ab\t ! ye> #agde4 ,x 0 !n brok5 to pieces by ! p>i% m9i/]1 ) ! assi/ance ( two ( 8 eld]s1 t x might no long] s]ve ! purposes ( sup]/ition4 ,! foll[+1 f ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor's ,folklore ( ! ,nor?-,ea/ ( ,scotl&1 has c]ta9ly no?+ to d ) a sa9t1 b 9 o!r respects1 has a be>+ on ! subject 9 h&3--,! ,pot o' ,pitt5y\l is a small b romantic rock-pool 9 a little /ream call$ ! ',burn o' ! ,rigg9s1' :i* fl[s pa/ ! village ( ,newmills ( ,kei?4 ,on ! edge ( ! pool are "s holl[s worn away by ! wat] & ! small /ones & s& c>ri$ d[n by ! /ream4 ,^! holl[s to a lively imag9ation h ! %ape ( a seat1 & ! /ory is1 t ! devil1 at "s f>-back "t1 sat d[n on ! edge ( ! pool & left 8 m>k4 ,probably at an equally di/ant date1 ! devil made 8 pres5ce felt1 fur!r s\?1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t way4 ,he _h great objections to a *ur* built at ,inv]g[rie1 9 ,p]?%ire1 &1 9 ord] to knock x d[n1 hurl$ a huge b\ld] across ! ,tay f ! opposite coa/ ( ,fife4 ,we are n aw>e t ! /one /ruck ! *ur*4 ,at any rate x c be se5 9 ! gr\nds ( ,grey/ane1 a prop]ty to :i*1 accord+ to local tradition1 x gave "n4 ,sir ,william ,wallace1 ?\gh nev] canoniz$1 _h c]ta9ly m ( ! sa9t ab\t him ?an ! la/-m5tion$ p]sonage4 ,we f9d v>i\s traditions conc]n+ him 9 ! ,upp] ,w>d ( ,lan>k%ire4 ,8 connection ) ,lan>k is well kn[n4 ,at ,bigg>1 he is said1 by ,bl9d ,h>ry1 to h defeat$ ! ,engli%1 :o greatly outnumb]$ 8 =ces4 ,?is battle took place on ,bigg> ,moss4 ,a few days be=e ! fight1 he ent]$ ! enemy's camp1 disguis$ z a cadg] or p$l>1 to discov] ! /r5g? ( ! ,engli% army4 ,be+ pursu$1 he turn$ on 8 assailants :ile cross+ a bridge ov] ,bigg> ,wat]1 a little to ! we/ ( ! t[n4 ,a foot-bridge !re /ill goes by ! "n ( ,! ,cadg]'s ,bridge4 ,a rock ) a holl[ 9 x1 ly+ to ! nor? ( ,vizzyb]ry1 is locally /yl$ ,wallace's ,seat1 & a spr+ ne> ! spot is /ill kn[n z ,wallace's ,well4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,heal+ ,,& ,,holy ,,wells4 ,heal+ & ,holy--,mod]n ,heal?-resorts--,k+'s ,ease--,poorh\se ( ,ayr--,muswell--,/4 ,m>t9's ,*apel--,alum ,wells--,petrify+ ,spr+s--,pet]head--,moss ( ,mel%a*--,well ( ,spa--,*apel ,wells at ,kirkmaid5--,m$an--,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,balm ,well--,! ,sci5nes--,/4 ,b]n>d's ,well--,non-m9]al ,wells--,e>ly ,sa9ts--,wat] = ,discipl9e--,= ,baptism--,burghead--,l\gh ,%anan--,tob>-an-easbuig--,poetry & ,sup]/ition--,heljabrn--,tr9ity ,hospital & ,well--,/4 ,mungo's ,well--,fu>an n',gru>a*--,spr+ 9 ,a?ole--,fiddl]'s ,well--,wat] z a ,prophylactic4 ,heal+ & holy h an etymological k9%ip4 ,! "o is commonly associat$ ) matt]s relat+ to ! body1 & ! o!r ) ^? relat+ to ! s\l4 ,if ! body is heal$1 x is said to be :ole & its own] hale2 & if ! s\l is heal$1 x is said to be holy4 ,all ^! words h "o idea 9 common1 & h5ce we ne$ n wond] t heal+ wells 71 z a rule1 reckon$ holy wells1 & vice v]sa4 ,:5 speak+ ( ! virtues ( su* wells1 ,mrs4 ,/one1 9 h] ,god's ,acre1 puts ! po9t exactly1 if some:at qua9tly1 :5 %e says1 ,be=e *emi/ry 0 born1 :5 m$ical sci5ce 0 little kn[n1 ^! m$ical virtues1 s pla9ly & indisputably o/5sible1 7 attribut$ to ! b5efic5ce ( ! sa9t or angel to :om ! spr+ _h be5 d$icat$4 ,_m /ill g to ,m(fat1 ,bridge-(-,allan1 & ,/ra?peff] to dr9k ! wat]s1 b probably1 none ( ^? heal?-seek]s n[ rely on magic = a cure4 ,x 0 q o!rwise 9 =m] times4 ,cures wr\ght at ,l\rdes are /ill believ$1 by _m1 to be due to ! bless+ ( ! wat] by ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,n f> f ! highway betwe5 ,ayr & ,pre/wick once /ood a laz>-h\se call$ ,k+'s ,ease or ,k+'s ,case1 kn[n 9 ! sixte5? c5tury z ,kilcaiss4 ,its ru9s 7 to be se5 till well on 9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,accord+ to tradition1 ! hospital 0 f\nd$ = lep]s by ,k+ ,rob]t ,bruce1 :o 0 himself afflict$ ) a disease believ$ to be leprosy4 ,?is 0 done z a ?ank-(f]+1 = b5efit receiv$ f ! wat] ( a neighb\r+ well4 ,! spr+ 0 d\btless sacr$ to "s sa9t1 probably to ,n9ian1 to :om ! hospital 0 d$icat$1 & we c safely inf] t ! patron got ! cr$it ( ! cure4 ,to ma9ta9 ! lep]s ! k+ gift$ v>i\s l&s to ! hospital1 among o!rs1 ^? ( ,rob]tlone1 9 ,dundonald p>i%1 & ( ,%eles & ,spital-,%eles1 9 ,kyle ,/ew>t4 ,! "r ( pres5tation to ! hospital 0 ve/$ 9 ! family ( ,wallace ( ,craigie4 ,at a lat] date ! l&s belong+ to ! *>ity pass$ into o!r h&s4 ,9 ! ?ird volume ( 8 ,cal$onia1 publi%$ 9 #ahbd1 ,*alm]s rem>ks1 ,! only rev5ue t rema9$ to x 0 ! feu-duties payable f ! l&s grant$ 9 fee-firm1 & ^!1 am\nt+ to #fd bolls ( meal & #h m>ks ,scots ( money1 ) #af ?reaves ( /raw = ?at*+ ! hospital1 are /ill paid4 ,= m ?an two c5turies pa/ ! dim9i%$ rev5ue has be5 %>$ among eight objects ( *>ity 9 equal %>es ( #h bolls ( meal & #a m>k ,scots to ea*4 ,! leprosy hav+ long disappe>$1 ! p]sons :o are n[ admitt$ to ! b5efit ( ?is *>ity are su* z lab\r "u diseases :i* are consid]$ z incurable1 or su* z are 9 indig5t circum/ances4 ,9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,i41 ! p]sons enjoy+ ! b5efit ( ! *>ity liv$ 9 huts or cottages 9 ! vic9ity ( ! *apel4 ,9 #aghg ! "r ( pres5tation 0 b\ght f ! ,wallaces by ! burgh ( ,ayr1 & ! poorh\se !re is ?us ! l9eal desc5dant ( ,k+ ,rob]t's hospital4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,c4 ,hope1 9 8 ,holy ,wells1 alludes to ! int]e/+ fact t ,bruce _h a free pass f ! ,engli% k+ to visit ,muswell1 ne> ,london1 close to ! site ( ! ,alex&ra ,palace4 ,?is well1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,laz>us1 at "o "t belong$ to ! hospital ord] ( ,/4 ,john's1 ,cl]k5well1 & 0 resort$ to 9 cases ( leprosy4 ,bruce's f\ndation at ,ayr recalls ano!r at ,/ony ,middleton1 9 ,d]by%ire4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 0 a *apel1 & n a hospital4 ,tradition says t a crusad]1 belong+ to ! di/rict1 0 cur$ ( leprosy by means ( ! m9]al wat] !re1 & t 9 gratitude he built a *apel & d$icat$ x to 8 patron sa9t1 ,m>t94 ,9 glanc+ at ! hi/ory ( holy wells1 x is n difficult to und]/& :y c]ta9 spr+s 7 end[$ ) my/]i\s prop]ties4 ,:5 !re 7 no *emi/s to analyse m9]al spr+s1 anyone ta/+ ! wat] w\ld naturally en\gh ?9k t !re 0 some?+ /range ab\t x1 a notion t w\ld n vani% ) ! fir/ draught4 ,! wond]1 too1 w\ld gr[ if ! wat] 0 f\nd to put fre% vig\r into we>i$ frames4 ,alum wells1 l ! "o 9 ,c>nwa? p>i%1 ,lan>k%ire1 w\ld1 ?r\gh _! a/r+5t qualities1 arre/ att5tion4 ,a well at ,halkirk1 ,cai?ness1 mu/ h be5 a cause ( wond]1 if we judge by ! description giv5 ( x 9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 :]e we read1 t on its surface lies always a ?9 beautiful k9d ( sub/ance1 t v>ies l ! plumage ( ! peacock display$ 9 all its glory to ! rays ( ! sun4 ,! petrify+ p[] ( c]ta9 spr+s w\ld also t5d to br+ !m into notice4 ,!re is a fam\s well ( ?is k9d ne> ,t>ras ,wat]1 9 ,canonbie p>i%1 ,dumfries%ire4 ,9 ,kirkmaid5 p>i%1 ,wigt[n%ire1 is a dropp+ cave1 kn[n z ,pet]'s ,paps4 ,9 =m] times x 0 resort$ to by p]sons suff]+ f :oop+-c\gh4 ,! treatm5t consi/$ 9 /&+ ) upturn$ face bel[ ! drop1 & all[+ x to fall into ! op5 m\?4 ,= m ?an two c5turies & a half1 ! m9]al wat]s ( ,pet]head h be5 fam\s = bo? int]nal & ext]nal use1 ?\gh _! fame is n n[ s great z =m]ly4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !y 7 spok5 ( z "o ( ! six wond]s ( ,bu*an4 ,! pr9cipal well is situat$ to ! s\? ( ! t[n1 & is popul>ly call$ ! ,w9e ,well4 ,its wat] is /rongly impregnat$ ) c>bonic acid1 muriate ( iron1 muriate ( lime1 & muriate ( soda4 ,! *alybeate spr+ 9 ! ,moss ( ,mel%a*1 9 ,k5ne?mont p>i%1 _h at "o "t a consid]able local reputation = ! cure ( man & bea/4 ,clo!s ( ! =m] & h>ness ( ! latt] 7 left beside ! well4 ,visits 7 paid to x 9 ! mon? ( ,may4 ,ano!r ,ab]de5%ire heal?-resort =m]ly attract$ _m visitors1 viz41 ,pannani*1 ne> ,ballat]1 ) its f\r *alybeate spr+s4 ,^! are said to h be5 accid5tally discov]$1 ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury1 b 7 !n probably only r$iscov]$4 ,!y 7 at fir/ f\nd b5eficial 9 ! case ( scr(ula1 & 7 aft]w>ds deem$ infallible 9 all diseases4 ,9 8 ,antiquities & ,sc5]y ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 ,cord9]1 "u date #aggf1 writes3 ,9 com+ d[n ^! hilly regions1 /opp$ ! fir/ night at ',panana*-lodge3' an ext5sive build+ opposite to ! /range rocks & pass ( ,bollit]4 ,!re1 a m9]al well & ba?s1 ^: virtues h be5 (t5 exp]i5c$1 are become mu* frequ5t$ by ! infirm4 ,! lodge1 conta9+ a numb] ( b$-*amb]s1 & a spaci\s public room1 is fitt$ up = ! accommodation ( ^? :o come to take ! b5efit ( ! wat]s4 ,goat :ey is also !re obta9$ 9 ! greate/ p]fection4 ,almo/ a c5tury lat]1 ano!r visitor to ! spot1 viz41 ,que5 ,victoria1 ?us writes1 9 h] ,m ,leaves f ! ,j\rnal ( a ,life 9 ! ,highl&s3 ,i _h driv5 ) ,beatrice to ,pannani* wells1 :]e ,i _h be5 _m ye>s ago4 ,un=tunately1 almo/ all ! trees :i* cov]$ ! hills h be5 cut d[n4 ,we got out & ta/$ ! wat]1 :i* is /rongly impregnat$ ) iron1 & look$ at ! ba? & at ! humble1 b v clean1 accommodation 9 ! curi\s little old inn1 :i* us$ to be v mu* frequ5t$4 ,! ,well ( ,spa1 at ,ab]de51 0 m fam\s 9 =m] times ?an x is n[4 ,!re are two spr+s1 bo? ( !m *alybeate4 ,! am\nt ( iron 9 ! wat]1 h[ev]1 dim9i%$ v consid]ably m ?an fifty ye>s ago--a *ange due to c]ta9 digg+ op]ations 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! pres5t /ructure connect$ ) ! well 0 r5ovat$ 9 #ahea4 ,x 0 built 9 #afgj to replace an e>li] "o1 repair$ by ,george ,jamieson1 ! arti/1 b soon aft]w>ds completely demoli%$ by ! ov]fl[+ ( ! adjo9+ ,d5burn4 ,! pres5t build+1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,a4 ,j]vise1 9 ! f\r? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 be>s repres5tations ( ! ,scotti% ,?i/le1 ! ,rose ( ,engl&1 & ! ,fleur-de-lis ( ,france1 surm\nt+ ?is inscription3-- ',z heav5 gives me ,s give ,i !e4' ,bel[ ^! words is a c>v+ ( ! ris+ sun1 & ! foll[+ alt]$ quotation f ,horace3-- ',hoc fonte d]ivata ,salus ,9 patriam populumque fluat4' ,x appe>s1 cont9ues ,mr4 ,j]vise1 t ! virtues ( ?is ,spa 7 e>ly kn[n & appreciat$1 = 9 #afae record says t !re 0 'a long wyde /one :i* convey$ ! wat]s f ! spr+1 ) ! portraicture ( six ,apo/les hew5 ^u ei!r side !re(4' ,x is describ$ z hav+ !n be5 'v]ie old & worne4' ,an unusual k9d ( holy well1 viz41 "o1 9 :i* salt wat] takes ! place ( fre%1 is to be f\nd 9 ! case ( ! ,*apel ,wells 9 ,kirkmaid5 p>i%1 ,wigt[n%ire1 half way betwe5 ! bays ( ,portankill & ,ea/ ,t>bet4 ,ab\t ?irty y>ds to ! nor?-we/ are ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,m$an's ,*apel1 p>tly artificial & p>tly natural1 a cave =m+ ! inn] portion4 ,9 days gone by1 ! spot 0 mu* frequ5t$ on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may 7,o4,s471 call$ ,co' ,sunday1 aft] ?is cave or cove4 ,dr4 ,rob]t ,trott]1 :o exam9$ ! *apel & ! wells 9 #ahgj1 gives ! results ( ! obs]vations 9 ! eigh? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& 7new s]ies74 ,he says1 ,^! wells--?ree natural cavities 9 a mass ( porphyritic trap--are )9 ! tide m>k1 & are fill$ by ! sea at high wat] ( ord9>y tides4 ,! l>ge/ is circul>1 five feet 9 diamet] at ! top1 & f\r feet at "o side1 %elv+ d[n to five feet at ! o!r1 & is wid] inside ?an at ! top1 some?+ l a kailpot 9 fact1 & x is s close to ! edge ( ! rock t at "o place its side is n two in*es ?ick4 ,! o!r wells almo/ t\* x1 & are ab\t "o foot six in*es wide & deep respectively4 ,sickly *ildr5 7 br\ght to be ba!d1 ! "t select$ be+ j be=e sunrise4 ,dr4 ,trott] m5tions t *ildr5 are /ill br\ght occasionally1 sometimes f long di/ances4 ,! c]emony describ$ to him by an eyewitness 0 z foll[s3--,! *ild 0 /ripp$ nak$1 & tak5 by ! spaul--t is1 by "o ( ! legs--& plung$ head=emo/ into ! big well till completely subm]g$2 x 0 !n pull$ out1 & ! "p held on by 0 dipp$ 9 ! middle well1 & !n ! :ole body 0 f9i%$ by wa%+ ! eyes 9 ! smalle/ "o1 altoge!r v l ! ,a*illes & ,/yx bus9ess1 only mu* m ?or\gh4 ,an (f]+ 0 !n left 9 ! old *apel1 on a project+ /one inside ! cave beh9d ! we/ door1 & ! cure 0 complete4 ,mu* unc]ta9ty atta*es to ,m$an or ,m$ana1 ! tutel> sa9t ( ! spot4 ,"o leg5d makes h] a contempor>y ( ,n9ian4 ,accord+ to ano!r1 %e liv$ ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,dr4 ,sk5e ?9ks %e is probably ! same z ,mon5na1 o!rwise ,edana1 :o is said to h f\nd$ *ur*es 9 ,gall[ay1 & at ,ed9burgh1 ,/irl+ & ,long=gan4 ,kirkmaid5 p>i%1 at "o "t call$ ,kirkmaid5 9 ,ryndis1 is believ$ to be nam$ aft] h]1 l ! o!r p>i% kn[n z ,kirkmaid5 9 ,f>nes1 n[ unit$ to ! p>i% ( ,glass]ton4 ,an incid5t 9 h] hi/ory has a be>+ on ! pres5t subject4 ,accord+ to ! ,ab]de5 ,brevi>y1 %e fl$ f h] home 9 ,irel& to escape f ! importunities ( a c]ta9 noble knight :o s\ght to m>ry h]4 ,accompani$ by two h&maid5s1 %e cross$ to ,gall[ay & took up h] abode 9 ! ,rh9ns4 ,! knight foll[$ h]4 ,:5 ,m$ana saw him %e plac$ h]self along ) h] maid5s on a rock 9 ! sea4 ,by a miracle1 ?is rock became a boat1 & %e 0 convey$ ov] ! wat] to ,f>nes4 ,aga9 ! knight appe>$4 ,?is "t ,m$ana s\ght refuge among ! bran*es ( a tree1 &1 f ?is coign ( vantage1 ask$ h] lov] :at x 0 t made him pursue h] s p]si/5tly4 ,y\r face & eyes1 repli$ ! knight4 ,!reupon ,m$ana pluck$ out h] eyes & ?rew !m d[n at ! feet ( h] lov]1 :o 0 s fill$ ) grief & p5it5ce t he imm$iately dep>t$4 ,on ! spot :]e h] eyes fell a spr+ ( wat] gu%$ =?1 & 9 x ,m$ana wa%$ h] face1 d\btless !reby re/or+ h] sight4 ,!re is mu* to fav\r ! view tak5 by ,dr4 ,trott]3 t possibly ! well 0 ! orig9al in/itution2 ! cave a %elt] or dwell+ = ! g5ius :o discov]$ ! miracul\s virtues ( ! wat]1 & 8 successors2 & ! *apel a lat] edition = ! b5efit ( ! cl]gy1 :o supplant$ ! old religion by graft+ ,*ri/ianity ^u x1 ,/4 ,m$ana be+ a /ill lat] in/itution4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,balm ,well1 at ,lib]ton1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 is /ill consid]$ b5eficial 9 ! treatm5t ( cutane\s affections4 ,! spr+ is situat$ on a small e/ate1 call$ aft] x1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e's4 ,pet] ,swave1 :o visit$ ,scotl& 9 #aece1 on a political mission1 m5tions t ne> ,ed9burgh !re 0 a spot 9 a mona/]y :]e oil fl[$ out ( ! gr\nd4 ,?is 0 8 way ( describ+ ! ,balm ,well4 ,bitum5\s p>ticles1 produc$ by decomposition ( coal 9 seams b5ea?1 int]mitt5tly appe> on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,?is curi\s ph5om5on mu/ h attract$ att5tion at a v e>ly p]iod1 & "o c easily und]/& :y ! well 0 9 consequ5ce reg>d$ ) sup]/iti\s rev]5ce4 ,:5 speak+ ( ?is well1 ,brome1 :o visit$ ,scotl& ab\t #agjj1 obs]ves1 ,x is ( a m>vell\s nature1 = z ! coal :]e( x proce$s is v apt quickly to k9dle into a flame1 s is ! oil ( a sudd5 op]ation to heal all scabs & tum\rs t tr\ble ! outw>d sk92 & ! head & h&s are spe$ily heal$ by virtue ( ?is oil1 :i* reta9s a v sweet smell4 ,accord+ to ,boece1 ! f\nta9 sprang f a drop ( oil1 br\ght to ,que5 ,m>g>et ( ,scotl&1 f ! tomb ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e on ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,! same writ] m5tions t ,que5 ,m>g>et built a *apel to ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! spr+4 ,9 #aejd an (f]+ 0 made by ,james ,,iv4 9 ?is *apel1 describ$ z ,sanct ,ka?r9e's ( ! oly1 i4e41 oily well4 ,! lat] hi/ory ( ! spr+ is ?us ref]r$ to by ,sir ,daniel ,wilson1 9 8 ,memorials ( ,ed9burgh 9 ! ,old5 ,"t3 ,:5 ,james ,,vi4 return$ to ,scotl&1 9 #afag1 he visit$ ! well1 & comm&$ x to be enclos$ ) an ornam5tal build+ ) a flight ( /eps to af=d ready access to ! heal+ wat]s2 b ?is 0 demoli%$ by ! soldi]s ( ,cromwell1 & ! well n[ rema9s enclos$ ) pla9 /one-"w1 z x 0 p>tially repair$ at ! ,re/oration4 ,ab\t ?ree miles to ! nor? ( ! well1 once /ood ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5na--a religi\s f\ndation :i* gave "n to ! "p ( ,ed9burgh /ill call$ ,! ,sci5nes4 ,:at ,sir ,daniel ,wilson describes z an unpicturesque fragm5t ( ! ru9s s]v$ to ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & p]haps1 ev5 lat]1 z a %eep-fold = ! flocks pa/ur+ 9 ! adjo9+ mead[4 ,"l ,cockburn1 9 8 ,memorials ( ,8 ,"t1 m5tions t 9 8 boyhood1 ab\t #aghe1 a l>ge portion ( ! build+ surviv$4 ,be=e ! ,re=mation ! nuns ( ?is conv5t walk$ annually 9 solemn procession to ! ,balm ,well4 ,! sa9ts to :om ! conv5t & ! spr+ 7 respectively d$icat$ 71 ( c\rse1 n id5tical1 ?\gh be>+ ! same "n4 ,! co9cid5ce ( "n1 h[ev]1 evid5tly l$ to ^! ye>ly visits4 ,z x may be tak5 = grant$ t ! two ,ca!r9es 7 on fri5dly t]ms1 ! pilgrimages d\btless prov$ a b5efit to all :o took "p 9 !m4 ,at any rate1 x is safe to assume t ! heal? ( ! pilgrims w\ld be ! bett]1 & n ! worse1 = _! walk 9 ! fre% c\ntry air4 ,9 ! valley bel[ ! ,dean ,bridge1 ,ed9burgh1 close to ! ,wat] ( ,lei?1 is ! sulphur spr+ kn[n z ,/4 ,b]n>d's ,well--traditionally connect$ ) ,b]n>d ! ,abbot ( ,clairvaux4 ,9 8 ,j\rney ?r\gh ,scotl&1 ab\t #agic1 ,h]on rem>ks3 ,! citiz5s ( ,ed9burgh repair$ eag]ly to di/ant wat]+-places1 )\t inquir+ :e!r !y might f9d m$ic9al wat] at home4 ,b )9 ^! few ye>s1 ,"l ,g>d5/one became proprietor ( ,/4 ,b]n>d's ,well4 ,8 lord%ip's philan?ropy & public _s sugge/$ to him ! possibility ( r5d]+ its wat]s m useful to ! public4 ,he has1 at a v consid]able exp5se1 built a h&some ,grecian edifice ov] ! spr+1 9 :i* ! wat]s are di/ribut$ by a prop] p]son1 & at a v trifl+ price4 ,8 lord%ip's endeav\rs h accompli%$ 8 purpose4 ,! citiz5s ( ,ed9burgh are n[ p]suad$ t ^! wat]s are salut>y 9 v>i\s cases2 & h1 p>ticul>ly1 a s+ul> t5d5cy to give a good breakfa/+ appetite2 9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 old & "y1 males & females1 h1 = ^! two or ?ree la/ summ]s1 cr[d$ to pay _! morn+ respects to ,hygeia 9 ! *apel :i* ,"l ,g>d5/one has erect$ to h]4 ,! la/ allusion is to a /atue ( ,hygeia plac$ )9 ! build+ on its erection1 9 #aghi4 ,! goddess ( heal?1 h[ev]1 ev5tually %[$ signs ( decrepitude2 &1 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 ! orig9al /atue 0 replac$ by "o 9 m>ble ?r\gh ! lib]ality ( ! late ,mr4 ,william ,nelson1 :o also re/or$ ! pump-room & made ! surr\nd+s m attractive4 ,com+ next to consid] ! case ( spr+s n possess+ m$ic9al qualities1 9 o!r words1 su* z h no ta/e save t ( cle> & sp>kl+ wat]1 we f9d "h1 too1 _m a trace ( sup]/ition4 ,spr+s ( ?is k9d 7 probably holy wells fir/1 & !n heal+ wells4 ,we h already se5 t1 9 a l>ge numb] ( in/ances1 f\nta9s became sacr$ ?r\gh _! connection ) e>ly sa9ts4 ,x usually happ5$ t ! ,*ri/ian mission>y took up 8 abode ne> "s f\nta91 or riv]1 :5ce he c\ld get a supply ( wat] = 8 daily ne$s4 ,9 lat] times ! well or /ream 0 end[$ ) miracul\s prop]ties4 ,wat] 0 also us$ = purposes ( bodily discipl9e4 ,x 0 a practice among "s ( ! e>ly sa9ts to /& imm]s$ 9 x :ile engag$ 9 devotion4 ,! cold] ! wat]1 ! bett] 0 x = ! purpose4 ,special significance1 too1 0 giv5 to wat] ?r\gh its connection ) baptism1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! rite 0 adm9i/]$ to p]sons :o _h only rec5tly em]g$ f hea!nism4 ,at ,burghead1 9 ,elg9%ire1 is an int]e/+ rock-cut bas9 suppli$ ) wat] f a spr+4 ,burghead is kn[n to h be5 ! site ( an e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & ,dr4 ,james ,macdonald believes t ! bas9 9 "q 0 anci5tly us$ z a bapti/]y4 ,all trace ( x1 & well-nigh all memory ( x1 _h vani%$ till ! ye> #ahji4 ,ext5sive alt]ations 7 !n 9 progress at ! h>b\r1 & a sc>city ( wat] 0 felt by ! workm54 ,a hazy tradition ab\t ! exi/5ce ( a well1 :]e ! gr\nd s\nd$ holl[ :5 /ruck1 0 reviv$4 ,digg+ op]ations 7 begun1 &1 at a dep? ( betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty feet bel[ ! surface1 ! bas9 0 discov]$4 ,we quote ! foll[+ details f ,dr4 ,macdonald's article on ! subject 9 ! ,antiqu>y = ,april1 #ahib3--;,desc5d+ into a holl[ by a flight ( tw5ty well-worn /eps1 mo/ ( !m also hewn out ( ! solid rock1 we come ^u ! res]voir4 ,! dim5sions ( ! bas9 or pisc9a are z foll[--greate/ bread? ( ! f\r sides1 t5 feet eight in*es1 elev5 feet1 t5 feet t5 in*es1 & t5 feet sev5 in*es respectively2 dep?1 f\r feet f\r in*es4 ,"o "p ( ! smoo? bottom _h be5 dug up at ! "t ( ! excavations1 ei!r because x _h project$ above ! re/1 z if = "s "o to /& ^u1 or because x 0 ?\ght t by do+ s ! capacity ( ! well & p]haps ! supply ( ! wat] w\ld be increas$4 ,betwe5 ! bas9 & ! p]p5dicul> sides ( ! res]voir a small l$ge ( s&/one has be5 left ab\t two feet six in*es 9 bread?4 ,^! sides measure sixte5 feet ?ree in*es1 sixte5 feet sev5 in*es1 sixte5 feet n9e in*es1 & sev5te5 feet respectively2 & ! height f ! l$ge upw>ds is elev5 feet n9e in*es4 ,! angles1 bo? ( ! bas9 & its rock walls1 are well r\nd$4 ,9 "o corn] ! s&/one has be5 left 9 ! =m ( a semi-circul> p$e/al1 measur+ two feet n9e in*es by "o foot t5 in*es1 & "o foot two in*es 9 height2 :il/ 9 t diagonally opposite !re is a circul> hole1 five in*es 9 diamet] & "o foot f\r in*es 9 dep?4 ,f ! l$ge1 z y ent]1 two /eps ( irregul> %ape & rude workman%ip lead d[n into ! bas94 ,! sides ( ! res]voir are fissur$ & r5t by displacem5t ( ! /rata2 & portions ( ! rock1 t h giv5 way f "t to "t1 h be5 replac$ by mod]n masonry4 ,! ar*$ ro( is also mod]n4 ,an ,iri% leg5d acc\nts = ! orig9 ( ,l\gh-%anan1 9 ,c\nty ,cl>e1 by connect+ x ) ! baptism ( ,s5anus1 f :om x d]iv$ its "n4 ,! sa9t1 :ile /ill an infant1 0 miracul\sly gift$ ) spee* & told 8 "m to pluck ?ree ru%es 9 a valley ne> h] home4 ,:5 ?is 0 done1 a lake appe>$1 & 9 x ,s5anus 0 baptis$ accord+ to a =m ( words prescrib$ by himself4 ,9 ! eigh? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& 7new s]ies71 ,sir ,daniel ,wilson gives an acc\nt ( ! anci5t bury+-gr\nd ( ,kilbride1 "s ?ree miles f ,oban4 ,i _h visit$ ! v5]able cemet]y repeat$ly1 he tells u1 & _h c>efully inve/igat$ its monum5ts1 )\t he$+ ! sacr$ f\nta9 :i* wells up among ! brack5 & grass1 ab\t a doz5 y>ds f ! gate ( ! *ur*y>d1 & fl[s 9 a /ream d[n ! valley4 ,yet1 on inquiry1 ,i le>n$ t x 0 famili>ly kn[n z ,tob]-an-easbuig1 i4e41 ,! ,bi%op's ,well or ,! ,holy ,well4 ,"h1 z we may presume1 ! primitive mission>y & s]vant ( ,/4 ,bridget1 by :om ,*ri/ianity 0 introduc$ into ! wild di/rict ( ,lorne1 baptis$ 8 fir/ conv]ts2 & "h1 ?r\gh _m succe$+ g5]ations1 ! neophytes 7 sign$ ) ! sign ( ! cross1 & taught ! my/ic significance ( ! holy rite4 ,! ?\ghts sugge/$ by ! sight ( a cry/al spr+ are allud$ to by ,mr4 ,hunt 9 8 ,romances ( ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 :]e he says1 ,! tranquil beauty ( ! ris+ wat]s1 :isp]+ ! s(te/ music1 l ! heal?ful brea?+ ( a sleep+ infant1 s5ds a feel+ ( happ9ess ?r\gh ! s\l ( ! ?\ghtful obs]v]1 & ! inn] man is purifi$ by its influ5ce1 z ! out] man is cleans$ by ablution4 ,?is is ! poetic view2 b ! sup]/iti\s view is n f> to seek4 ,9 ! ,home ( a ,naturali/1 ,mrs4 ,saxby ?us rec\nts a ,%etl& sup]/ition ( a gruesome k9d3--,!re is a f9e spr+ well ne> ,watlie1 call$ ,heljabrn1 & ! leg5d ( x is ?is3 ,a w&]+ packman 7( ! ,claud ,halcro class7 0 murd]$ & flung into ,heljabrn4 ,its wat] _h always be5 kn[n to possess heal+ p[]1 &1 aft] becom+ season$ by ! un=tunate p$l>'s rema9s1 ! virtue 9 ! wat] became ev5 m efficaci\s4 ,p came f f> & ne> to procure ! preci\s fluid4 ,all :o took x away _h to ?r[ ?ree /ones or a piece ( ':ite money' into ! well1 & ! wat] nev] fail$ to cure disease4 ,on ,s\tra ,hill1 ! mo/ we/]ly ridge ( ! ,lamm]moors1 once /ood ! hospital built by ,malcolm ,,iv41 ab\t #aafd1 = ! reception ( wayf>]s4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,e ve/ige ( ! build+ 0 remov$ betwe5 =ty & fifty ye>s ago except a small aisle1 appropriat$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury by ! ,pr+les ( ,beatman's ,acre z a burial vault4 ,a %ort di/ance bel[ ! site ( ! hospital is a spr+ ( pure wat]1 locally kn[n z ,tr9ity ,well4 ,9 =m] times x 0 mu* visit$ = its heal+ virtues4 ,a simil> reputation 0 = long enjoy$ by ,/4 ,mungo's ,well1 on ! we/ side ( ,/4 ,mungo's ,hill1 9 ! p>i% ( ,huntly1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,9 ,=t+all p>i%1 ,p]?%ire1 on ! hillside ne> ! ,old ,ca/le ( ,g>?1 is a limpid spr+ call$ by ! natives ,fu>an n' ,gru>a*1 & also ,fu>an n' ,druibh ,*asad1 signify+ ! ,well ( ! ,measles & ! ,well ( ! ,:oop+-,c\gh respectively4 ,mr4 ,james ,mack9to% ,g[ describes ! locality 9 an article 9 ! eigh? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& 7new s]ies74 ,he says1 ,x 0 fam\s 9 ! di/rict = ! cure ( ^! infantile diseases1 & ne>ly all ,i spoke to on ! subject _h !mselves be5 tak5 to ! well1 or _h tak5 _! own *ildr5 to dr9k ! wat]2 & :5 an epidemic ( ! maladies occurr$ my in=mant rem>k$ on ! curi\s & amus+ spectacle ! sc5e pres5t$ on a summ] morn+1 :5 gr\ps ( *ildr51 ) _! mo!rs1 w5t up ! hill 9 procession4 ,! la/ epidemic ( :oop+-c\gh occurr$ 9 #ahhb1 :5 all ! *ildr5 ( ! neighb\rhood 7 tak5 to ! well4 ,"s =ty y>ds high] up ! slope ?an ! well1 is an e>?-fa/ b\ld] ( mica s*i/1 hav+ on "o ( its sides two natural cavities4 ,! l>g] ( ^! holds ab\t a qu>t & is usually fill$ ) ra9 wat]4 ,x 0 ! cu/om1 ,mr4 ,g[ tells u1 to c>ry ! wat] f ! well 7p]haps ! well 0 at "o "t at ! foot ( ! /one7 & place x 9 ! cavity1 & !n give ! pati5ts z mu* z !y c\ld take1 ! wat] be+ adm9i/]$ ) a spoon made f ! horn ( a liv+ c[1 call$ a beodh>e or liv+ horn2 ?is1 x appe>s1 be+ ess5tial to effect a cure4 ,on ! f>m ( ,bal&oni*1 9 ,a?ole1 is a spr+ fam\s1 till a comp>atively rec5t p]iod1 = ! cure ( v>i\s maladies4 ,a /ory is told 9 ! di/rict ( a woman1 unable to walk ?r\gh rheumatism1 hav+ be5 br\ght 9 a :eel-b>r[ f h] home f\r miles away4 ,%e ba!d h] limbs 9 ! spr+1 & return$ home on foot4 ,hugh ,mill]1 9 8 ,sc5es & ,leg5ds ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 rec\nts a tradition conc]n+ a c]ta9 spr+ ne> ! t[n ( ,crom>ty kn[n z ,fiddl]'s ,well1 f ! "n ( ! "y man :o discov]$ its virtues4 ,! wat] gu%es out f ! side ( a bank cov]$ ) moss & daisies4 ,! tradition1 consid]ably abbreviat$1 is z foll[s3--,william ,fiddl] & a companion 7 seiz$ ) consumption at ! same "t4 ,! latt] di$ n long aft]w>ds1 & ,fiddl]1 ?\gh wa/$ to a %ad[1 0 able to foll[ 8 fri5d's body to ! grave4 ,t night1 9 a dream1 he he>d ! voice ( 8 dead companion1 :o told him to meet him at a c]ta9 spot 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! t[n4 ,?i!r he w5t1 /ill 9 8 dream1 & seat$ himself on a bank to await 8 com+4 ,!n1 rememb]+ t 8 fri5d 0 dead1 he bur/ into te>s4 ,at ?is mom5t a l>ge field-bee came humm+ f ! we/ & began to fly r\nd 8 head4444 ,x humm$ ceaselessly r\nd & r\nd him1 until at l5g? its murmur+s seem$ to be fa%ion$ into words1 articulat$ 9 ! voice ( 8 deceas$ companion--',dig1 ,willie1 & dr9k6' x said1 ',dig1 ,willie1 & dr9k6' ,he accord+ly set himself to dig1 & no soon] _h he torn a sod out ( ! bank ?an a spr+ ( cle> wat] gu%$ f ! holl[4 ,next day he took ! bee's advice4 ,he f\nd a spr+1 drank ! wat]1 & rega9$ 8 heal?4 ,hugh ,mill] adds1 its virtues are /ill celebrat$1 = ?\gh ! wat] be only simple wat] x mu/ be drunk 9 ! morn+1 & z x gu%es f ! bank2 &1 ) pure air1 ex]cise1 & e>ly ris+ = its auxili>ies1 x cont9ues to "w cures4 ,we ne$ n multiply examples ( non-m9]al heal+ wells4 ,:atev] b5efit may be d]iv$ f !m _c be ascrib$ to any specially m$ic9al quality 9 _! wat]s4 ,! secret ( _! popul>ity is to be s\ght = 9 ! annals ( m$ical folklore1 & n 9 ^? ( sci5tific m$ic9e4 ,c]ta9 spr+s got ! cr$it ( w>d+ (f disease4 ,on ! isl& ( ,gigha1 ne> ! we/ coa/ ( ,k9tyre1 is a f>m call$ ,arda*ad or ,high ,field4 ,tradition says t a plague once visit$ ! isl&1 b t ! p1 belong+ to ! f>m1 escap$ its ravages4 ,?is immunity 0 ascrib$ to ! good (fices ( a well1 9 an adjo9+ field4 ,! high situation ( ! f>m & ! pres5ce ( good wat] w\ld t5d to prolong heal?1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( magic4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor1 9 8 ,folklore ( ! ,nor?-,ea/ ( ,scotl&1 alludes to ,/4 ,olaus' ,well 9 ,crud5 p>i%1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,its virtues are record$ 9 ! c\plet-- ,/4 ,olav's ,well1 l[ by ! sea ,:]e peat nor plague %all nev] be4 ,on ! top ( ! ,t\* ,hills1 9 ,/irl+%ire1 rises ,/4 ,corbet's ,spr+4 ,! belief =m]ly prevail$ t :oev] drank its wat] be=e sunrise on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may w\ld h life prolong$ = ano!r ye>4 ,z a consequ5ce1 cr[ds flock$ to ! spot e>ly on ! day 9 "q4 ,9 #ahdj "s old p 7 /ill liv+ :o1 9 _! y\ng] days1 _h tak5 "p 9 ^! annual pilgrimages4 ,9 m$ival times1 ! belief prevail$ t no "o baptis$ ) ! wat] ( ,tr9ity ,gask ,well1 ,p]?%ire1 w\ld be attack$ by ! plague4 ,:5 wat] = baptism 0 drawn f "s holy well 9 ! neighb\rhood1 its use1 9 mo/ in/ances1 0 d\btless due to a belief 9 its prophylactic p[]4 ,z already m5tion$1 baptisms 9 ,/4 ,ma*>'s ,ca!dral1 ,old ,ab]de51 7 at "o "t adm9i/]$ 9 wat] tak5 f ! sa9t's spr+4 ,be=e ! ,re=mation ! wat] us$ at ! *apel ( ,air?1 9 ,/irl+%ire1 is believ$ to h be5 procur$ f a well1 d$icat$ to ! ,virg91 ne> ,abbeyton ,bridge4 ,we d n "k ( any spr+ 9 ,scotl& ) a reputation = ! prev5tion ( hydrophobia4 ,/4 ,maelrubha's ,well1 on ,innis ,m>ee1 is said to h lo/ its efficacy = a "t ?r\gh contact ) a mad dog4 ,:at happ5$1 :5 a mad bull 0 plung$ into ! ,holy ,pool at ,/ra?fillan1 w be allud$ to lat]4 ,9 ! village ( ,les ,sa9tes ,m>ies1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 is an int]e/+ twelf?-c5tury *ur* ) a well 9 ! crypt4 ,! wat]1 :5 drunk1 is said to prev5t any evil consequ5ces f ! bite ( a mad dog4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,b>k] gives an acc\nt ( ?is well 9 8 ,wayf>+ 9 ,france4 ,he says1 ,! cur told me t ab\t ?irty p1 :o _h be5 bitt5 by dogs said to be rabid1 came annually to dr9k ! wat]2 &1 he add$1 'n "o ( !m has ev] gone mad4' ,m4 ,pa/eur _h become a =midable rival ( ! well4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,wat]-,,cures4 ,try+ diff]5t ,spr+s--,cur+ all ,diseases--,fivep5nies ,well --,wat] & ,dulse--,special ,diseases--,too?a*e--,sore ,eyes-- ,bl9dness--,heada*es & ,n]v\s ,disord]s--,deafness-- ,:oop+-c\gh--,g\t--,sores--,ague--,/]ili ty--,epilepsy-- ,sacrifice ( a ,cock--,/4 ,tegla's ,well--,insanity--,sev]e ,treatm5t --,innis-,m>ee--,/ru?ill--,teampull-,mr- -,hol y ,pool--,fillan's ,hi/ory & ,relics--,p]si/5ce ( ,sup]/ition4 ,"s p apply to diff]5t doctors 9 succession1 9 ! hope t new pr(essional advice may br+ ! covet$ boon ( heal?4 ,= ! same reason visits 7 paid to diff]5t consecrat$ wells4 ,on ! pr9ciple t f> f[ls h fair fea!rs1 a m or less remote spr+ 0 resort$ to1 9 ! hope t di/ance might l5d special en*antm5t to its wat]4 ,c]ta9 spr+s _h ! reputation ( heal+ e ailm5t4 ,a spr+ ( ?is k9d is :at ,m>t9 calls a ca?olicon = all diseases4 ,he s /yles v>i\s spr+s 9 ! ,we/]n ,isles1 & "o 9 ! ,l>g] ,cumbrae 9 ! ,fir? ( ,clyde4 ,fivep5nies ,well1 9 ,eigg1 _h "s curi\s prop]ties4 ,! natives told me1 he says1 t x nev] fails to cure any p]son ( _! fir/ disease1 only by dr9k+ a quantity ( x = ! space ( two or ?ree days2 & t if a /rang] lie at ?is well 9 ! night-"t1 x w procure a de=mity 9 "s "p ( 8 body1 b has no su* effect on a native2 & ?is1 !y say1 ha? be5 frequ5tly exp]im5t$4 ,a not$ f\nta9 9 ! ,orkney gr\p 0 ! well ( ,kild+uie 9 ! ,isl& ( ,/ronsay4 ,x is situat$ n f> f ! bea*4 ,to rea* x "o has to walk ov] a long /ret* ( s&4 ,its fame at "o "t spread ov] ! ,sc&9avian _w1 & ev5 ,d5m>k s5t c&idates = its help4 ,besides dr9k+ ! wat]1 heal?-seek]s frequ5tly ate "s ( ! dulse to be f\nd on ! %ore4 ,a local say+ ?us te/ifi$ to ! advantages ( ! comb9$ treatm5t3 ,! well ( ,kild+uie & ! dulse ( ,guiyidn c cure all maladies except black dea?4 ,9 ! ,isl& ( ,skye is a spr+ call$ ,tob> ,tellibreck4 ,! natives1 at "o "t1 held t its wat]1 along ) a diet ( dulse1 w\ld s]ve = a consid]able "t in/ead ( ord9>y food4 ,o!r spr+s 7 resort$ to = p>ticul> compla9ts4 ,too?a*e is di/ress+ly common1 & commonly di/ress+2 b1 /range to say1 v few wells are specially id5tifi$ ) ! ailm5t4 ,inde$1 we "k ( only ?ree too?a*e wells 9 ,scotl&4 ,"o is 9 ,/ra?spey1 & is kn[n z ,fu>an ,fi\ntag1 signify+ ! cool refre%+ spr+4 ,! second is 9 ! p>i% ( ,k5more1 at ! foot ( ,lo* ,tay4 ,! ?ird is 9 ,gl5truim1 9 ,inv]ness-%ire4 ,ano!r well at ,k5more 0 resort$ to = ! cure ( sore eyes4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,glass1 close to ! riv] ,dev]on1 is an anci5t *ur* d$icat$ to ,/4 ,walla*4 ,"s ?irty y>ds bel[ its bury+-gr\nd is a well1 n[ dry1 except 9 v ra9y wea!r4 ,its wat] _h ! p[] ( heal+ sore eyes4 ,! wat] ( ,/4 ,john's ,well1 at ,balmanno1 9 ! p>i% ( ,m>ykirk1 ,k9c>d9e%ire1 0 a sov]eign rem$y = ! same compla9t4 ,beside ! road close to ! f>mh\se ( ,we/] ,au*lesk9e1 at ,balquhidd]1 9 ,p]?%ire1 once /ood a l>ge b\ld] conta9+ a natural cavity4 ,! wat] 9 ?is holl[ 0 also not$ = ! cure ( sore eyes--! b\ld] be+ call$ 9 consequ5ce ,cla*-nan-,sul1 i4e41 ! /one ( ! eyes4 ,9 #ahgh1 by ord] ( ! road tru/ees1 ! b\ld] 0 bla/$1 on ! gr\nd t x 0 a s\rce ( dang] to vehicles 9 ! d>k1 & its fragm5ts 7 us$ z road metal4 ,! ,d[ ,well1 at ,inn]lei!n1 0 =m]ly mu* visit$ = ! re/oration ( weak sight4 ,a well 9 ,cornwall1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ludvan1 miracul\sly quick5$ ! s5se ( sight4 ,9 ,irel&1 a spr+ at ,g\g\ ,b>ra1 betwe5 ,gl5g>iff & ,cork1 is believ$ by ! peasantry to cure bl9dness4 ,9 #ahdi1 ,miss ,bessie ,gilb]t1 a daught] ( ! late ,bi%op ,gilb]t ( ,*i*e/]1 :o _h lo/ h] sight :5 a *ild1 visit$ ! spr+ along ) "s ( h] relatives4 ,curiosity1 h[ev]1 0 h] only motive4 ,h] biograph] relates t ! guide bes\ght ,bessie 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ & pa!tic mann] to try ! wat]1 say+ t he 0 sure x w\ld re/ore h] sight1 & entreat+ h] bro!rs & si/]s to urge h] to make use ( x4 ,heada*es & n]v\s disord]s 7 cur$ by wat] f ,tob>-nim-buadh or ! ,well ( ,virtues 9 ,/4 ,kilda4 ,deafness 0 also cur$ by x4 ,at ! entrance to ,munlo*y ,bay1 9 ! ,black ,isle ( ,crom>ty1 is a cave kn[n 9 ! neighb\rhood z ,craig-a-,*[1 i4e41 ! ,rock ( ,e*o4 ,tradition says t 9 ?is cave a giant once liv$4 ,if n ! retreat ( a giant1 x 01 at any rate1 ( smuggl]s4 ,:at specially conc]ns u is t x conta9s a dripp+ well1 =m]ly mu* 9 reque/4 ,its wat] is p>ticul>ly cold4 ,l ! ,/4 ,kilda spr+1 x 0 believ$ to remove deafness4 ,( ,:oop+-c\gh ,wells1 a not$ "o 0 at ,/raid1 9 ,mu?ill p>i%1 ,p]?%ire4 ,invalids came to x f consid]able di/ances4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury a family travell$ f ,ed9burgh to seek its aid4 ,! wat] 0 drunk imm$iately aft] sunset or be=e sunrise1 & a horn f a live ox _h to convey x to ! pati5t's lips4 ,?is 0 n an uncommon practice4 ,p]haps x may h be5 due to "s vague notion1 t life f ! animal1 :5ce ! horn came1 w\ld be h&$ on1 via ! spoon & ! wat]1 to ! invalid4 ,! ,/raid horn 0 kept by a woman 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 :o act$ z a sort ( prie/ess ( ! well4 ,a well at ! ,burn ( ,oxhill1 9 ! p>i% ( ,ra?v51 ,banff%ire1 _h a local celebrity = ! cure ( ! same compla9t4 ,suff]]s f g\t tri$ ! efficacy ( a spr+ 9 ,eck=d p>i%1 ,roxburgh%ire1 /yl$ ,holy ,well or ,prie/'s ,well4 ,a spr+ 9 ! *ur*y>d ( ,logiep]t p>i%1 ,=f>%ire1 remov$ sores1 & ano!r 9 ,m>t9's ,d51 9 ! same p>i%1 0 reckon$ anti-scorbutic4 ,ano!r not$ ,=f>%ire spr+ 0 9 ,kirkd5 p>i%1 ) ! reputation ( cur+ swell+s ( ! feet & legs4 ,lo*9breck ,lo*1 9 ,balmaghie p>i%1 ,kirkcudbright%ire1 0 visit$ f "t immemorial = ! cure ( ague4 ,inde$1 !re 0 h>dly a bodily ailm5t t c\ld n be reliev$ by ! wat] ( "s consecrat$ spr+4 ,spr+s 7 sometimes believ$ to cure female b>r5ness4 ,wives1 anxi\s to become mo!rs1 =m]ly visit$ su* wells z ^? ( ,/4 ,fillan at ,comrie1 & ( ,/4 ,m>y at ,:itekirk1 & 9 ! ,isle ( ,may4 ,9 ?is connection1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]1 9 8 article 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 volume v4 7new s]ies71 obs]ves1 ,_m ( ! wells d$icat$ to ',our ,lady1' i4e41 ,/4 ,m>y 7,virg9 ,m>y7 & to ,/4 ,brigid1 ! ,m>y ( ,irel&1 7 fam\s = ! cure ( female /]ility1 :i*1 9 ! days :5 a man's p[] & influ5ce 9 ! l& dep5d$ on ! numb] ( 8 clan or tribe1 0 look$ ^u z a tok5 ( ! div9e displeasure1 & 0 view$ by ! un=tunate sp\ses ) anxi\s appreh5sion1 dread1 d\bt1 jeal\sy1 & pa94 ,pray] & supplication 7 obvi\sly ! me?ods pursu$ by ! dev\t = obta9+ ! covet$ gift ( f]tility1 look$ ^u1 by females especially1 z ! mo/ valuable ( heav5ly disp5sations2 & mak+ pilgrimages to wells "u ! patronage ( ! ,"m ( our ,"l w\ld naturally be "o ( ! mo/ common exp$i5ts4 ,epilepsy1 ) its convulsions & cries1 seldom fails to arre/ att5tion & call =? sympa?y4 ,9 times less enlight5$ ?an our own1 ! disease 0 reg>d$ ) awe z ( sup]natural orig92 & rem$ies1 always curi\s & sometimes revolt+1 7 tri$ 9 ord] to br+ relief4 ,we may assume t ! wat] ( consecrat$ spr+s 0 us$ = ?is purpose2 b1 z f> z we "k1 no ,scotti% f\nta9 0 sy/ematically visit$ by epileptic pati5ts4 ,aft] enum]at+ a v>iety ( folk-cures = ! disease 9 "q1 ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell1 9 an article on ,highl& ,sup]/itions be>+ on ,lunacy 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 volume iv41 rem>ks1 ,= ! cure ( ! same disease1 !re is /ill practis$ 9 ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& a =mal sacrifice--n an oblique b a lit]al & d[nright sacrifice--to a nameless b secretly ackn[l$g$ p[]1 ^: propitiation is desir$4 ,on ! spot :]e ! epileptic fir/ falls a black cock is buri$ alive1 along ) a lock ( ! pati5t's hair & "s p>+s ( 8 nails4 ,i h se5 at lea/ ?ree epileptic idiots = :om ?is is said to h be5 done4 ,! same writ] adds1 ,dr4 ,g----1 ( ,n----1 in=ms me t "s "t ago he 0 call$ on to visit a poor man belong+ to ! fi%+ population :o _h sudd5ly di$1 & :o _h be5 subject to epileptic seizures4 ,8 fri5ds told ! doctor t at lea/ !y _h ! com=t ( kn[+ t ev]y?+ _h be5 done = him :i* c\ld h be5 done4 ,on ask+ :at rem$ies !y _h tri$1 he 0 told t1 among o!r ?+s1 a cock _h be5 buri$ alive bel[ 8 b$1 & ! spot 0 po9t$ out4 ,?is sacrifice ( a cock 9 ,scotl& is ( special significance1 = x =m$ a di/9ctive feature ( ! ritual once 9 vogue 9 ,wales at ! village ( ,ll&egla1 ,d5bigh%ire4 ,/4 ,tegla's ,well !re1 0 believ$ to possess peculi> virtue 9 cur+ epilepsy4 ,p5nant gives a m9ute acc\nt ( ! c]emony z practis$ 9 8 days4 ,! foll[+ is a summ>y3--,ab\t two hundr$ y>ds f ! *ur* rises a small spr+4 ,! pati5t wa%es 8 limbs 9 ! well1 makes an (f]+ into x ( f\rp5ce1 walks r\nd x ?ree times1 & ?rice repeats ! ',"l's ,pray]4' ,^! c]emonies are nev] begun till aft] sunset4 ,if ! afflict$ be ( ! male sex1 he makes an (f]+ ( a cock2 if ( ! fair sex1 a h54 ,! f[l is c>ri$ 9 a basket1 fir/ r\nd ! well1 aft] t into ! *ur*y>d1 :5 ! same orisons & ! same circumambulations are p]=m$ r\nd ! *ur*4 ,! vot>y !n ent]s ! *ur*1 gets "u ! communion table1 lies d[n ) ! ,bible "u 8 or h] head1 is cov]$ ) ! c>pet or clo?1 & re/s !re till break ( day1 dep>t+ aft] (f]+ sixp5ce1 & leav+ ! f[l 9 ! *ur*4 ,if ! bird dies1 ! cure is suppos$ to h be5 effect$1 & ! disease transf]r$ to ! devot$ victim4 ,z reg>ds ! cock or h51 ! c]emony 9 ?is case 0 q z mu* a sacrifice z 9 ! ,scotti% example4 ,/4 ,tegla m]ely took ! place ( ! pagan div9ity :o _h be5 fir/ 9 ! field1 & to :om (f]+s _h be5 made4 ,9 =m] times1 sacrific+ a liv+ animal 0 also resort$ to occasionally to cure disease 9 cattle4 ,an ox 0 buri$ alive 9 a pit1 & ! pit hav+ be5 fill$ ) e>?1 ! o!r memb]s ( ! h]d 7 made to walk ov] ! spot4 ,9 #afbi1 ,isabel ,"y1 sp\se to ,george ,smi?1 portion] ( ,ea/ ,b>nes1 ,hadd+ton%ire1 0 tri$ = wit*craft4 ,f h] indictm5t we le>n t %e 0 accus$1 int] alia1 ( hav+ buri$ a quick ox1 ) a cat & a quantity ( salt1 9 a pit z a sacrifice to ! devil1 ! tru? be+ t a live ox _h be5 s treat$ by h] husb& z a *>m to cure 8 cattle1 :i* 7 diseas$4 ,a rem>kable circum/ance be>+ on ?is po9t is allud$ to by ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,moore 9 8 ,surnames & ,place-names ( ! ,isle ( ,man1 "u ! head+ ( ,cabbal-yn-,oural-,lo%t1 i4e41 ,*apel ( ! ,burnt ,sacrifice4 ,?is "n1 he tells u1 records a circum/ance :i* took place 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 b :i*1 x is to be hop$1 0 nev] cu/om>y 9 ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,a f>m]1 :o _h lo/ a numb] ( 8 %eep & cattle by murra91 burnt a calf z a propitiatory (f]+ to ! ,deity on ?is spot1 :]e a *apel 0 aft]w>ds built4 ,su* facts po9t to ! same notion z t already indicat$ 9 connection ) ,/4 ,tegla's ,well1 viz41 t disease is due to "s malignant be+1 ^: fav\r is to be s\ght by ! (f]+ up ( a liv+ creature4 ,9 no dep>tm5t ( m$ical sci5ce h me?ods ( treatm5t *ang$ m )9 rec5t ye>s ?an 9 t ( insanity4 ,enlight5$ views on ! subject n[ prevail among ! educat$ classes ( society2 & ! old notion t a maniac c be re/or$ to m5tal heal? by treat+ him l a crim9al1 or by adm9i/]+ a few %ocks to 8 already excit$ n]ves1 is =tunately a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,at lea/ x no long] holds sway 9 our lunatic asylums4 ,9 ! m9ds ( ! ignorant & cr$ul\s1 h[ev]1 ! old leav5 /ill works4 ,lady ,wilde1 9 h] ,anci5t ,cures1 ,*>ms1 & ,usages ( ,irel&1 alludes to a me?od ( treatm5t 9 fa%ion till lately among ! peasantry !re4 ,:5 anyone %[$ signs ( insanity 'a wit*-doctor' 0 call$ 94 ,?is pot5t individual spr9kl$ holy wat] ab\t ! room & ov] ! pati5t2 & aft] utt]+ c]ta9 incantations--und]/ood by ! by-/&]s to be ',lat9 pray]s'--proce$$ to beat him ) a /\t cudgel4 ,9 ! end ! rav+s ( ! lunatic ceas$1 or z x 0 put1 ! devil 0 driv5 out ( him4 ,9 ,cornwall1 at ,/4 ,nun's ,well1 ! expulsive p[] ( a new t]ror us$ to be tri$4 ,accord+ to ,c>ew1 ! modus op]&i 0 z foll[s3--,! wat] runn+ f ,/4 ,nun's ,well fell into a squ>e & enclos$ wall$ plat1 :i* might be fill$ at :at dep? !y li/$4 ,^u ?is wall 0 ! frantic p]son put to /&1 8 back t[>ds ! pool1 & f !nce1 ) a sudd5 bl[ 9 ! brea/1 tumbl$ headlong into ! pond2 :]e a /rong fell[1 provid$ = ! nonce1 took him & toss$ him up & d[n1 along/ & a?w>t ! wat]1 till ! pati5t1 by =ego+ 8 /r5g?1 _h some:at =got 8 fury4 ,!n 0 he convey$ to ! *ur*1 & c]ta9 masses said ov] him1 ^u :i* h&l+1 if 8 "r wits return$1 ,/4 ,nun _h ! ?anks2 b if !re appe>$ small am5dm5t1 he 0 b[s5$ aga9 & aga91 :ile !re rema9$ 9 him any hope ( life or recov]y4 ,nor? ( ! ,twe$ ! treatm5t 0 h>dly less soo?+4 ,:5 a lunatic 0 be+ r[$ ov] to ,innis ,m>ee to dr9k ! wat] ( ,/4 ,maelrubha's ,well !re1 he 0 j]k$ out ( ! boat by ! fri5ds :o accompani$ him4 ,a rope _h previ\sly be5 ti$ r\nd 8 wai/1 & by ?is he 0 pull$ back into ! boat2 b be=e he c\ld ga!r toge!r 8 all-too-scatt]$ wits1 he 0 9 ! wat] aga94 ,z a rule ?is 0 done1 n once or twice1 b repeat$ly1 & 9 ! case ( bo? sexes4 ,su* 0 ! me?od up to a comp>atively rec5t date4 ,p5nant ?us describes :at 0 done 9 #aggb3--,! pati5t is br\ght into ! sacr$ isl&2 is made to kneel be=e ! alt>1 viz41 ! /ump ( a tree--:]e 8 att5dants leave an (f]+ 9 money2 he is !n br\ght to ! well & sips "s ( ! holy wat]2 a second (f]+ is made2 t done1 he is ?rice dipp$ 9 ! lake2 & ! same op]ation is repeat$ e day = "s weeks4 ,?is t[+ aft] a boat to cure insanity 0 n an isolat$ in/ance4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 ! wife ( a man liv+ at ,/romness 9 ,orkney1 w5t mad ?r\gh ! incantations ( ano!r female believ$ to be a wit*4 ,! man be?\ght him ( ! cure 9 "q1 &1 out ( love = 8 afflict$ wife1 dragg$ h] sev]al times up & d[n ! h>b\r beh9d 8 boat4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,m4 ,f]gusson1 :o m5tions ?is case 9 8 ,rambles 9 ! ,f> ,nor?1 says t ! woman bobb$ ab\t beh9d ! boat l a cork1 & rema9$ z mad z ev]4 ,! well at ,/ru?ill1 9 ,mu?ill p>i%1 ,p]?%ire1 once _h a consid]able reputation = ! cure ( insanity4 ,x 0 cu/om>y to tie pati5ts at night to a /one ne> ! spr+1 & recov]y w\ld foll[ if !y 7 f\nd loose 9 ! morn+4 ,an adjo9+ *apel 0 ord]$ to be demoli%$ 9 #afej by ! ,presbyt]y ( ,au*t]>d]1 on ! gr\nd ( its be+ ! sc5e ( c]ta9 sup]/iti\s rites1 b ! spr+ cont9u$ to be visit$ till a mu* lat] date4 ,at ,teampull-mr 9 ,lewis1 9 addition to walk+ r\nd ! ru9s1 & be+ spr9kl$ ) wat] f ,/4 ,ronan's ,well1 ! insane p]son 0 b\nd & left all night 9 ! *apel on ! site ( ! alt>4 ,if he slept1 he w\ld recov]2 b if he rema9$ awake1 !re 0 no hope ( a cure4 ,9 ! ,/ru?ill & ,teampull-mr in/ances1 z well z t ( ,/ra?fillan m5tion$ bel[1 ! b9d+ ( ! pati5t 0 an ess5tial "p ( ! treatm5t2 & 9 two at lea/ ( ! cases ! loos5+ ( ! bonds 0 reckon$ an om5 ( good4 ,! my/]i\s loos5+ ( bonds us$ to be an article ( common belief4 ,dalyell1 9 8 ,d>k] ,sup]/itions ( ,scotl&1 rem>ks1 ,animals 7 sometimes lib]at$ sup]naturally4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,enhall[1 a horse ti$ up at sunset w\ld w&] ab\t ?r\gh ! night2 & :ile ! kirk session took cognisance ( a suspect$ wit* :o _h ex]cis$ h] faculties on a c[1 ! animal1 ?\gh firmly secur$1 0 f\nd to be free1 & 9 _! vic9ity :5 ! inve/igation clos$4 ,! ,holy ,pool ( ,/4 ,fillan 0 fam\s = ! cure ( v>i\s diseases1 b specially ( insanity4 ,x is ref]r$ to 9 ,m>mion z ,/4 ,fillan's bless$ well ,^: spr+s c fr5zi$ dreams dispel ,& ! craz'd bra9 re/ore4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 a well1 b a pool1 9 ! riv] ,fillan1 ab\t two miles l[] d[n ?an ,tyndrum4 ,to correctly e/imate ! rev]5ce paid to ?is sacr$ pool1 we mu/ glance at ! influ5ce1 ex]t$ by ,fillan on ! di/rict dur+ 8 life-"t1 & aft]w>ds by means ( 8 relics4 ,! sa9t fl\ri%$ 9 ! e>ly eigh? c5tury4 ,he 0 born 9 ,irel&4 ,8 fa!r 0 ,f]oda*1 & 8 "m 0 ,k5tig]na1 daught] ( a pr9ce ( ,le9/]4 ,%e aft]w>ds came to ,scotl& & l$ ! life ( a recluse1 on ,in* ,caillea*1 an isl& 9 ,lo* ,lomond4 ,accord+ to ! ,ab]de5 ,brevi>y1 ,fillan 0 born ) a /one 9 8 m\?1 & 0 at once ?r[n into a lake :]e he 0 m9i/]$ to by angels = a ye>4 ,he 0 !n tak5 out & baptis$ by ,bi%op ,yb>us1 & at a lat] date receiv$ ! mona/ic habit f ,muna1 o!rwise call$ ,mundus4 ,devot+ himself to solit>y m$itation he built a cell close to ,muna's mona/]y4 ,on "o occasion1 a s]vant w5t to call him to supp]1 & look+ ?r\gh a *9k 9 ! wall1 saw ! sa9t busy writ+1 8 uplift$ left h& ?r[+ light ov] ! book 9 lieu ( a c&le4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! incid5t1 few w d5y its picturesqu5ess4 ,9 compet5t h&s x might be made ! subject ( a /rik+ picture4 ,fillan aft]w>ds w5t to ,lo*al%1 :]e he d$icat$ a *ur* to 8 uncle ,congan1 ! f\nd] ( ! mona/]y ( ,turriff1 9 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,we next f9d ,fillan 9 ! pr9cipal sc5e ( 8 mission>y "w1 viz41 9 ,gl5do*>t1 9 t portion ( ! gl5 anci5tly call$ ,sira*t1 & n[ ,/ra?fillan4 ,?is area =m$ a sep>ate p>i% till #afag1 b 0 !n unit$ to ! p>i% ( ,kill94 ,fillan arriv$ ) sev5 s]v+ cl]ics1 & tradition says t he built 8 *ur* at a spot miracul\sly po9t$ out to him4 ,! neighb\rhood 01 & is full ( int]e/4 ,gl5do*>t1 writes ,mr4 ,*>les ,/ew>t 9 ,an ,gaidheal1 is n celebrat$ = t]rific m\nta9 sc5]y l ,gl5coe or ! ,cool9s1 b has a gr&eur ( a diff]5t "*4 ,l(ty m\nta9s1 clo!d1 "h 9 hea!r1 !re 9 gre52 cl\dy %ad[s frequ5tly flitt+ across _! sides1 & s]ri$ ridges ( multipli$ l9es & =ms ( v>i$ beauty1 & along _! sides /rangely %ap$ /ones & b\ld]s ( rocks deposit$ by ! anci5t glaci]s4 ,along ! /ra? !re are /ret*es ( wat]1 its c\rse brok5 occasionally by lo*s2 sometimes w5d+ its way sl[ly & solemnly ?r\gh gre5 mead[s1 & anon ru%+ along z at ! celebrat$ bridge ( ,do*>t1 at ,kill91 ) fire & fury4 ,! same writ] m5tions t ?ree spots1 :]e ,fillan 0 wont to tea* ! natives ( ! ,/ra?1 are /ill po9t$ out1 viz41 at ! upp] end ( ,gl5do*>t1 :]e ! priory 0 aft]w>ds built1 halfway d[n ! gl5 at ,dun-rib91 & at ! l[] end at ,cnoc-a-bheanna*d1 i4e41 ,hill ( ! ,bless+1 ne> ,kill94 ,fillan in/ruct$ ! p 9 agriculture1 & built mills = gr9d+ corn4 ,out ( complim5t to him1 ! mill at ,kill9 0 idle on 8 fe/ival1 7,jan4 #i?71 z late z ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,inde$ !re 0 a sup]/ition 9 ! di/rict t x w\ld n be lucky to h x work+ on t day4 ,fillan also in/itut$ fairs = ! sale & b>t] ( local produce4 ,8 fair is /ill held at ,kill9 9 ,janu>y4 ,! miracul\s elem5t 9 8 hi/ory did n end ) 8 life4 ,he seems to h di$ some:]e ab\t ,lo*e>n1 & 8 body 0 br\ght back to ,gl5do*>t1 by way ( ,gl5 ,ogle4 ,:5 ! be>]s rea*$ ! po9t :]e ,gl5do*>t op5s upw>ds & d[nw>ds1 a dispute arose z to ! de/9ation ( _! burd54 ,"s wi%$ ! sa9t's body to be buri$ at ,kill9 & o!rs at ,/ra?fillan4 ,behold a m>vel6 ,:5 !y c\ld n agree1 !y f\nd t in/ead ( "o c(f9 !re 7 two1 & s ea* p>ty 0 satisfi$4 ,rob]t ,bruce's fight ) ! foll[]s ( ,macd\gall ( ,lorne took place ne> ,/4 ,fillan's ,*ur*1 at a spot1 aft]w>ds nam$ ,dalrigh or ! ,k+'s ,field4 ,on t occasion1 an e>ne/ pray] 0 address$ to ! sa9t ( ! di/rict1 & ?r\gh 8 int]cession victory came to ,bruce4 ,s at lea/ runs ! leg5d4 ,aft] 8 success at ,bannockburn1 ! ,k+ 9 gratitude f\nd$ ,/4 ,fillan's ,priory1 9 ,/ra?fillan1 & end[$ x ) ! neighb\r+ l&s ( ,au*t]tyre1 & ) ! %eep-graz+ ( ,be9-mhanna* or ! ,monk's ,m\nta91 9 ,gl5lyon4 ,inde$1 if tradition speaks tru?1 ,bruce _h a d\ble reason to be grateful to ,fillan1 = ! victory at ,bannockburn1 0 attribut$ to ! pres5ce 9 ! ,scotti% camp1 ( a relic ( ! sa9t1 said to be an arm-bone set 9 silv]4 ,! relic1 h[ev]1 z ,dr4 ,john ,/u>t %[s1 9 ! twelf? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 0 probably 8 ,coig-g]a* or pa/oral /aff1 popul>ly1 b errone\sly call$ 8 ,quigri*4 ,x is said to h be5 kept at ,au*lyne1 9 a *apel call$ ,caipal-na-,f>ai*d1 & :5 ! *apel 0 burnt to h be5 rescu$ by a p]son1 ei!r !n1 or aft]w>ds1 call$ ,doire or ,dew>1 ^: desc5dants became its cu/odi]s4 ,! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! relic is curi\s4 ,9 #aghb x 0 at ,kill9 9 ! keep+ ( ,malice ,doire4 ,9 #ahah x 0 tak5 to ,canada1 :]e x rema9$ = "s sixty ye>s4 ,?r\gh ! patriotic zeal ( ,sir ,daniel ,wilson x 0 !n s5t back to ,scotl&1 & n[ =ms "o ( ! treasures 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,antiquities1 at ,ed9burgh4 ,! sanctity ( ,fillan ?us di/ill$ l a f]tilis+ dew ov] ! di/rict ( ,gl5do*>t4 ,we ne$ n1 !re=e1 be surpris$ t1 9 days d>k] ?an our own1 a ?riv+ crop ( sup]/itions 0 ! result4 ,x is c]ta9ly a /rik+ te/imony to ! endur+ influ5ce ( ! sa9t1 t ! pool1 believ$ to h be5 bless$ by him1 reta9$ its fame till )9 ! memory ( p]sons /ill liv+4 ,possibly ! pool 0 rev]5c$ ev5 be=e 8 "t4 ,t[>ds ! end ( la/ c5tury1 z _m z two hundr$ p]sons 7 br\ght annually to ! spot4 ,! "t select$ 0 usually ! fir/ day ( ! qu>t]1 7,o4,s471 & ! imm]sion took place aft] sunset4 ,! pati5ts1 ) a rope ti$ r\nd _! wai/1 7 ?r[n f ! bank into ! riv]4 ,?is 0 usually done ?rice4 ,accord+ to previ\s in/ructions1 !y pick$ up n9e /ones f ! bottom ( ! /ream4 ,aft] _! dip !y walk$ ?ree times r\nd ?ree cairns 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & at ea* turn add$ a /one to ! cairn4 ,an ,engli% antiqu>y1 :o visit$ ! spot 9 #agih1 writes1 ,if x is = any bodily pa91 fractur$ limb or sore1 t !y are ba?+1 !y ?r[ ^u "o ( ^! cairns t "p ( _! clo?+ :i* cov]$ ! "p affect$2 also1 if !y h at home any bea/ t is diseas$1 !y h only to br+ "s ( ! meal :i* x fe$s ^u & make x into pa/e ) ^! wat]s1 & aft]w>ds give x to him to eat1 :i* w prove an infallible cure2 b !y mu/ likewise ?r[ ^u ! cairn ! rope or halt] ) :i* he 0 l$4 ,consequ5tly ! cairns are cov]$ ) old halt]s1 gloves1 %oes1 bonnets1 nightcaps1 rags ( all sorts1 kilts1 petticoats1 g>t]s1 & smocks4 ,sometimes !y g z f> z to ?r[ away _! halfp5ce4 ,aft] ! c]emony at ! cairns ! pati5t 0 l$ to ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,fillan's ,*apel1 ab\t half a mile away1 & !re ti$ to a /one ) a holl[ 9 x1 l>ge en\gh to receive ! body1 ! un=tunate p]son be+ fa/5$ d[n to a wood5 framework4 ,! pati5t 0 !n cov]$ ) hay1 & left 9 ?is condition all night4 ,z at ,/ru?ill1 if ! bonds 7 f\nd loose 9 ! morn+1 he or %e w\ld recov]2 b if n1 ! case 0 c\nt$ hopeless1 or at lea/ d\btful4 ,z ! writ] ( ! article on ! p>i%1 9 ! ,new ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 %rewdly obs]ves1 ,! prospect ( ! c]emony1 especially 9 a cold w9t] ev5+1 might be a good te/ = p]sons pret5d+ insanity4 ,at ! "t :5 he wrote1 viz41 9 #ahdc1 ! natives ( ! p>i% _h ceas$ to believe 9 ! efficacy ( ! holy pool1 b x 0 /ill visit$ by invalids f a di/ance4 ,x 0 usual1 aft] ! fa/5+ process already describ$1 to place ,/4 ,fillan's bell on ! head ( ! pati5t by way ( help+ on ! cure4 ,?is bell is quadrangul> 9 %ape4 ,its size & appe>ance are ?us describ$ by ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son 9 8 ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times3 ,x is an elegant ca/+ ( bronze1 /&s twelve in*es high & measures n9e by six in*es wide at ! m\?4 ,! ends are flat1 ! sides bulg+1 ! top r\nd$4 ,9 ! middle ( ! top is ! loop-l h&le1 t]m9at+ :]e x jo9s ! bell 9 two dragonesque heads ) op5 m\?s4 ,! bell weighs eight p\nds f\rte5 ounces4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! relic seems to h be5 held 9 special hon\r1 = x grac$ ! coronation ( ,james ,,iv4 9 #adhh4 ,aft] ! ,re=mation1 x 0 lock$ up = "s "t1 to prev5t its use = ! sup]/iti\s purpose allud$ to above4 ,b1 z a rule1 x lay on a tomb/one 9 ! ,priory gravey>d1 protect$ only by ! rev]5ce paid to x 9 ! di/rict4 ,!re 0 a belief t1 if c>ri$ (f1 x w\ld return ( its own accord1 r++ all ! way4 ,9 #agih ?is belief 0 put to a sev]e te/1 = 9 t ye> ! ,engli% antiqu>y1 already quot$1 remov$ ! relic4 ,9 ord]1 he says1 to asc]ta9 ! tru? or falsehood ( ! ridicul\s /ory ( ,/4 ,fillan's bell1 ,i c>ri$ x (f ) me1 & mean to convey x1 if possible1 to ,engl&4 ,an old woman1 :o obs]v$ :at ,i 0 ab\t1 ask$ me :at ,i want$ ) ! bell1 & ,i told h] t ,i _h an un=tunate relation at home out ( 8 m9d1 & t ,i want$ to h him cur$4 ',oh1 b1' says %e1 'y mu/ br+ him "h to be cur$1 or x w be ( no use4' ,^u :i* ,i told h] he 0 too ill to be mov$1 & (f ,i gallop$ ) ! bell back to ,tyndrum ,inn4 ,! bell 0 tak5 to ,engl&4 ,ab\t sev5ty ye>s lat]1 its :]eab\ts 0 discov]$1 & x 0 s5t back to ,scotl&4 ,l ! crozi] ( ! same sa9t1 x is n[ 9 ! ,antiqu>ian ,museum at ,ed9burgh4 ,if we may believe a local tradition1 ! ,holy ,pool lo/ its miracul\s virtue 9 ! foll[+ mann]1 ?\gh1 aft] :at ! ,engli% antiqu>y m5tion$ ab\t its wat] be+ mix$ ) meal1 & giv5 to diseas$ cattle1 we see no reason :y x %\ld h be5 s p>ticul>4 ,a f>m] :o _h a mad bull ?\ght t1 if ! sacr$ wat] c\ld heal human ills1 x w\ld be efficaci\s also 9 ! case ( ! l[] animals4 ,s he plung$ 8 infuriat$ bea/ into ! /ream4 ,:at 0 ! effect on ! bull we d n "k3 b s9ce !n ! virtue has dep>t$ f ! wat]4 ,except = a pleasure dip on a hot summ]'s day1 no "o ne$ n[ apply at ! ,holy ,pool4 ,! unbrok5 reputation ( su* heal? resorts1 = c5turies1 is c]ta9ly rem>kable4 ,/ra?fillan kept up its fame = ov] a ?\s& ye>s4 ,at ,gheel1 9 ,belgium1 = fully twelve hundr$ ye>s1 successive g5]ations ( lunatics s\ght relief at ,/4 ,dympna's ,well4 ,we mu/ n be too h>d on ! ages be=e our own2 =1 ?\gh 9 "s respects d>k1 9 o!r respects !y _h a good deal ( light4 ,nev]!less1 sev]e ?+s might be said ab\t !m4 ,f a pres5t-day po9t ( view1 x might be argu$ t ^?1 :o took _! insane fri5ds to get cur$ 9 ! mann] describ$1 requir$1 l ! pati5ts !mselves1 a little re>rangem5t ( _! wits4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,"s ,,wond]ful ,,wells4 ,wells ,wond]ful z to ,orig9--,tre ,fontane--,spr+s :]e ,sa9ts 7 ,behead$--,/4 ,alban's ,spr+--,cov5ant]'s ,spr+--,/4 ,vynn+'s ,spr+--,scotti% & ,engli% ,hagiology--,spr+s f ,graves--,cu?b]t--,milburga--,my/]i\s ,lakes--,hell-,hole at ,tun/all--,k+ ,h5ry's ,well-- ,br++ ,sea to ,morpe?--,plym\? ,wat]-supply--,fitz's ,well--,good ,appetite--,dogs' ,well--,s+ul> ,spr+s 9 ,lewis & ,b>ray--,well 9 ! ,wall--,t\bir-ni-,le*k9--,p[] ( ,wells ov] ,l[] ,animals--,black ,m]e--,well at ,gillsl&--,int]mitt5t ,spr+s--,p[bate ,well--,/4 ,ludvan's ,well--,/4 ,keyne's ,well4 ,! epi!t wond]ful may fitly be appli$ to :atev] spr+s are end[$ by popul> cr$ulity ) my/]i\s prop]ties4 ,^? already consid]$ h be5 ma9ly associat$ ) ! removal or prev5tion ( disease4 ,x is n[ propos$ to glance at c]ta9 o!r *>act]i/ics4 ,"s spr+s are wond]ful z to _! orig94 ,:o does n "k ! leg5d connect$ ) ,tre ,fontane1 9 ! vic9ity ( ,rome1 :]e wat] bubbl$ up at ! ?ree places t\*$ by ,/4 ,paul's sev]$ head8 ,we d n recollect any ,scotti% in/ance ( a well com+ into be+ 9 ?is way2 b 9 ,engl& we h ,/4 ,osy?'s ,well 9 ,essex1 :]e t sa9t 0 behead$ by ! ,danes1 & 9 ,wales1 ,/4 ,w9ifr$'s ,well 9 ,fl9t%ire4 ,conc]n+ ! latt]1 ,*amb]s1 9 8 ,book ( ,days1 ?us writes3--,w9ifr$ 0 a noble ,briti% maid5 ( ! sev5? c5tury2 a c]ta9 ,pr9ce ,cradocus fell 9 love ) h]1 &1 f9d+ 8 r\gh advances repuls$1 cut (f ! lady's head4 ,imm$iately aft] do+ ?is1 ! pr9ce 0 /ruck dead1 & ! e>?1 op5+1 swall[$ up 8 body4 ,mean:ile1 ,w9ifr$'s head roll$ d[n ! hill2 :]e x /opp$1 a spr+ gu%$ =?--! blood f ! head col\r+ ! pebbles ov] :i* x fl[$1 & r5d]+ fragrant ! moss gr[+ ar\nd4 ,sw$5 has its ,/4 ,eric's ,spr+ at ,upsala1 m>k+ ! place :]e ,eric1 ! k+1 0 behead$ ab\t ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,/4 ,oswald's ,well at ,w9wick1 9 ,lanca%ire1 is said to indicate ! spot :]e t fam\s ,nor?umbrian k+ receiv$ 8 dea?-w\nd :5 fight+ aga9/ ,p5da1 ! pagan rul] ( ,m]cia4 ,on a hill 9 ,h]t=d%ire1 a f\nta9 arose to qu5* ! ?ir/ ( ,alban1 ,engl&'s proto-m>tyr1 :o suff]$ !re ab\t #cjj ,a4,d4 ,accord+ to a ,k9c>d9e%ire tradition1 a spr+ 9 ,dunnott> ,ca/le miracul\sly appe>$ = beho( ( ! ,cov5ant]s1 :o 7 conf9$ !re 9 #afhe4 ,9 ,holywood p>i%1 ,dumfries%ire1 7s call$ f its oak =e/1 sacr$ ev5 9 pre-,*ri/ian times71 a f\nta9 sprang up at ! int]cession ( ,vynn+1 ! patron ( a well at ,kilw9n+1 9 ,ayr%ire4 ,9 ,scotti% hagiology1 f\nta9s usually gu% =? to supply wat] = baptism4 ,9 ,engli% leg5ds !y spr+ up z a tribute to spots :]e ! corpses ( sa9tly p]sons h re/$4 ,?us1 wat] issu$ f ! graves ( ,e!lb]t at ,m>d51 9 ,h]e=d%ire1 & ( ,)burga at ,ea/ ,d]eham1 9 ,norfolk1 & also f t ( ,frideswide at ,ox=d4 ,/4 ,frideswide's ,fair at ! la/-m5tion$ place 0 a not$ holiday 9 ! middle ages4 ,x la/$ a week1 &1 dur+ its cont9uance1 ! keys ( ! city 7 9 ! keep+ ( ! prior1 hav+ be5 h&$ ov] by ! mayor1 :o ceas$ = ! "t to be responsible = ! peace ( ! burgh4 ,at ,trondhjem1 9 ,norway1 a spr+ arose to m>k ! spot :]e ,k+ ,olaf 0 buri$1 ab\t ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,cu?b]t 0 greatly hon\r$ by ! gu%+ =? ( spr+s1 bo? dur+ 8 lifetime & aft] 8 dea?4 ,:ile at ,l9disf>ne1 he 0 seiz$ ) a desire = /ill great] retirem5t1 & accord+ly )drew to ,f>ne ,isl&1 "o ( ! ,f]n gr\p1 two miles di/ant f ,bambor\gh1 & six f ,l9disf>ne4 ,?is isl& 0 !n haunt$ by evil spirits2 b ^! he drove away1 z ,gu?lac did f ! m>%es ( ,cr[l&1 9 ,l9coln%ire4 ,cu?b]t set ab\t build+ a cell 9 ,f>ne ,isl&1 &1 ) ! help ( angels1 ! "w 0 satisfactorily complet$4 ,un=tunately1 !re 0 no fre% wat] to be _h2 b ! want 0 soon suppli$4 ,9 response to ! sa9t's pray]s1 a spr+ arose 9 ! floor ( 8 cell4 ,b$e says1 ,?is wat]1 by a mo/ rem>kable quality1 nev] ov]fl[$ its fir/ limits1 s z to flood ! floor1 nor yet ev] fail$1 h[ev] mu* ( x might be tak5 out2 s t x nev] exce$$ or fell %ort ( ! daily wants ( him :o us$ x = 8 su/5ance4 ,! miracle did n end "h4 ,:5 ,ei/an ( ,norway 0 ravag+ ! coa/ ( ,nor?umb]l& 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 he l&$ on ,f>ne ,isl& & de/roy$ ! prop]ty ( ! h]mits1 ^: retreat x !n 04 ,! spr+1 unwill+ to give help to ! robb] b&s1 dri$ up4 ,?ir/1 accord+ly1 compell$ !m to quit ! isl&4 ,no soon] _h !y left ?an ! spr+ reappe>$ & gladd5$ ! spot once m4 ,aft] ,cu?b]t's dea?1 8 body 0 c>ri$ f place to place = safety4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t1 ,ar*bi%op ,eyre rem>ks1 ,!re is a leg5d>y tradition1 t :5 ! be>]s ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t's body j\rney$ nor?w>ds f ,york%ire & came to ,butt]by1 ne> ,croxdale1 !y set d[n ! c(f9 on ! "r bank be=e cross+ ! riv]1 & imm$iately a sal9e spr+ bur/ out ^u ! spot4 ,aft] =d+ ! riv] !y aga9 re/$ ! c(f91 & a spr+ ( *alybeate wat] rose up :]e !y _h laid d[n ! body4 ,a ?ird "t ! we>y travell]s1 /ruggl+ up ! rugg$ pass1 7 compell$ to lay _! preci\s burd5 on ! gr\nd1 & a sweet /ream ( wat] gu%$ out ( ! rock to refre% !m4 ,prior to ?is1 ,cu?b]t's relics _h re/$ a :ile at ,melrose4 ,tradition says t1 on resum+ _! w&]+s1 !y float$ d[n ! ,twe$ 9 a /one c(f9 z f> z ,tillm\?1 on ! ,engli% ,bord]4 ,! fragm5ts ( a s>cophagus1 said to be ! c(f9 9 "q1 are /ill to be se5 !re beside ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t's ,*apel4 ,?is incid5t is ?us ref]r$ to 9 ,m>mion3-- ,sev5 ye>s ,sa9t ,cu?b]t's corpse !y bore4 ,!y re/$ !m 9 fair ,melrose3 ,b ?\gh1 alive1 he lov$ x well1 ,n !re 8 reliques might repose2 ,=1 wondr\s tale to tell6 ,9 8 /one c(f9 =? he rides 7,a pond]\s b>k = riv] tides71 ,yet light z gossam] x glides1 ,d[nw>d to ,tillm\? cell4 ,a ,%rop%ire leg5d n>rates t1 on "o occasion1 ,milburga1 :o is /ill rememb]$ 9 ! "n ( ,/oke ,/4 ,milbor\gh1 0 rid+ 9 all ha/e to escape f c]ta9 enemies4 ,%e fell at l5g? exhau/$ f h] horse2 b1 at h] comm&1 ! animal /ruck a /one ) 8 ho(1 & wat] gu%$ out = h] refre%m5t4 ,9 a neighb\r+ field "s m5 7 s[+ gra91 & ! sa9t prophesi$ t 9 ! ev5+ !y w\ld ga!r ! ripe corn4 ,%e in/ruct$ !m to tell h] enemies1 on _! arrival1 t %e _h pass$ :5 ! crop 0 be+ s[n4 ,! miracle duly happ5$1 & ,milburga's foes 7 disconc]t$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,%rop%ire & ,york%ire h /range traditions ab\t ! sudd5 appe>ance ( lakes1 sometimes ov]:elm+ human dwell+s4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! tops ( h\ses are said to be visible ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,additional picturesqu5ess is occasionally giv51 by ! introduction into ! /ory ( vani%$ bells1 s5d+ =? f ! dep?s _! s(t cad5ces4 ,at ,tun/all1 9 ,norfolk1 a boggy piece ( gr\nd1 locally kn[n z ,hell-,hole1 is m>k$ by frequ5tly ris+ bubbles4 ,! devil once c>ri$ (f ! bells ( ! *ur*1 &1 :5 pursu$1 plung$ into ! m>%4 ,! bubbles are due to ! bells s9k+ l[] & l[] into ! abyss4 ,su* beliefs ab\t lakes =m an int]e/+ supplem5t to ,scotti% sup]/itions4 ,:5 ,h5ry ,,vi4 0 9 hid+ 9 ,bolton ,hall1 9 ,york%ire1 he wi%$ to h a ba? 9 ! hot summ] wea!r4 ,8 ho/1 anxi\s to supply :at 0 lack+ to ! com=t ( ! royal fugitive1 us$ a hazel twig 9 8 g>d51 9 ! hope ( discov]+ wat]4 ,! indications be+ fav\rable1 a well 0 dug1 & ! k+ 0 enabl$ to cool himself to 8 he>t's cont5t4 ,! spr+ /ill be>s ! k+'s "n4 ,mi*ael ,scott1 :o 0 born 9 ,fife 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & 0 reg>d$ by 8 contempor>ies z a dabbl] 9 ! black art1 _h a pupil 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& :o und]took a m>vell\s feat1 viz41 to br+ ! sea up ! ,wansbeck riv] to ,morpe?4 ,c]ta9 incantations 7 gone ?r\gh1 & ! magician />t$ f ! coa/1 foll[$ by ! tide4 ,all w5t well till )9 ab\t five miles f ! t[n1 :5 he became al>m$ by ! ro>+ ( ! wat]1 & look$ back4 ,s ! spell 0 brok51 & ,morpe? rema9$ inl&4 ,?is recalls ! /ory acc\nt+ = ! introduction ( a good wat]-supply into ,plym\?4 ,:5 !re 0 a sc>city 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,sir ,francis ,drake1 ! naval h]o1 rode up to ,d>tmoor1 & utt]$ "s magical words ov] a spr+ !re4 ,he imm$iately turn$ 8 horse & gallop$ back to ! t[n1 foll[$ by a copi\s /ream4 ,c]ta9 wells c\ld put 9 a good claim to ! title ( wond]ful on ! gr\nd ( ! effects !y 7 able to produce4 ,if a spr+ c\ld act z a sign-po/ to guide ! wayf>]1 :o _h /ray$ f 8 pa?1 x might surely be class$ among m>vels6 ,?is is :at a c]ta9 well on ,d>tmoor1 9 ,devon%ire1 c\ld d1 at lea/ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,a man ( ! "n ( ,fitz & 8 wife1 :5 cross+ ! moor 9 ! ye> #aefh1 lo/ _! way4 ,!y light$ on ! well 9 "q1 drank its wat]1 & f\nd ! lo/ track )\t ! lea/ difficulty4 ,9 gratitude1 ,fitz aft]w>ds rais$ a memorial ( /one ov] ! well = ! b5efit ( all pixy-l$ travell]s4 ,9 ,g]many1 be=e a meal1 ! c]emony ( wi%+ "o's fri5d a good appetite is /ill kept up4 ,su* a salutation mu/ h be5 unnecess>y 9 ! ,isl& ( ,h>ris1 at lea/ 9 ,m>t9's "t1 = he tells u ( a spr+1 !n lately discov]$1 t c\ld produce an appetite :5ev] want$4 ,! natives1 he says1 f9d by exp]i5ce t x is v effectual = re/or+ lo/ appetite2 all t dr9k ( x become v soon hungry ?\gh !y h eat pl5tifully b an h\r be=e4 ,a small quantity ( its wat] might ) advantage be add$ to ! cont5ts ( ! lov+ cup at ! ,"l ,mayor's banquets1 & on o!r fe/ive occasions bo? 91 & out ( ! ,metropolis4 ,m>t9 speaks ( ano!r m>vel 9 ,h>ris4 ,a l>ge cave 9 ! face ( a hill ha?1 he says1 two wells 9 x1 "o ( :i* is exclud$ f dogs1 = !y say t if a dog d b ta/e ( ! wat]1 ! well pres5tly drye? up2 & = ?is reason1 all su* z h occasion to lodge !re take c>e to tie _! dogs t !y may n h access to ! wat]4 ,! o!r well is call$ ! ,dogs' ,well1 & is only drunk by !m4 ,! /ud5t ( folklore _c fail to f9d ,m>t9 a cong5ial companion1 z he records a v>iety ( qua9t ,hebridean cu/oms t might h be5 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce by a m matt]-(-fact writ]4 ,:5 9 ! ,isl& ( ,lewis1 he 0 told ( a f\nta9 at ,lo* ,c>l[ay t nev] :it5$ l951 ?\gh ! exp]im5t _h be5 (t5 tri$4 ,9 connection ) 8 visit to ,b>ray1 he says1 ,! natives told me !re is a well 9 ! village ,tang/ill1 ! wat] ( :i*1 be+ boil$1 gr[s ?ick l puddle4 ,!re is ano!r well1 n f> f ,tang/ill1 :i*1 ! inhabitants say1 9 a f]tile ye>1 ?r[s up _m gra9s ( b>ley 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,& !y say t ! well ( ,kilb> ?r[s up embryos ( cockles1 b ,i c\ld n disc]n any 9 ! rivulet1 ! air be+ at t "t foggy4 ,?is rem9ds "o ( ! ,well 9 ! ,wall 9 ,*eckly p>i%1 ,/af=d%ire1 said to ?r[ out small bones l ^? ( *ick5s & sp>r[s all ! ye> r\nd except 9 ! mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/4 ,t\bir-ni-,le*k91 9 ,jura1 ris+ on a hill ne> ,t>b]t1 0 a not$ f\nta94 ,m>t9 m5tions t its wat] 0 c\nt$ light] by "o half ?an any o!r wat] 9 ! isl&1 & t a great quantity ( x might be drunk at "o "t )\t caus+ inconv5i5ce4 ,he fur!r says1 ,! riv] ,nissa receives all ! wat] t issues f ?is well1 & ?is is ! reason !y give :y salmons "h are 9 goodness & ta/e f> above ^? ( any o!r riv] :atev]4 ,! p[] ( "s wells ov] ! l[] animals 0 rem>kable4 ,a spr+ at ,h>pham1 9 ! ,ea/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,john ( ,bev]ley1 0 believ$ to subdue ! fi]ce/ animal4 ,a rag+ bull1 :5 br\ght to x1 became z g5tle z a lamb4 ,a spr+ ( ?is k9d w\ld inde$ be a great boon 9 ! c\ntry to timid1 t[n-br$ t\ri/s :5 cross+ fields :]e !re are cattle4 ,to ! m>g9 ( su* a spr+ !y c\ld retreat & !re feel safe4 ,black ,m]e1 at ,morridge1 ne> ,leek1 9 ,/af=d%ire1 0 cr$it$ ) ! p[] ( fright5+ away animals4 ,cattle w\ld n dr9k its wat]1 & birds w\ld n fly ov] x4 ,a m]maid 0 believ$ to dwell 9 its dep?s4 ,a rem9isc5ce ( ?is belief is to be f\nd 9 ! "n ( ,! ,m]maid1 a wayside inn 9 ! neighb\rhood frequ5t$ by sportsm54 ,"s wells keep a %>p look-out on ! use made ( _! wat]4 ,a c]ta9 spr+ at ,gilsl&1 9 ,cumb]l&1 wi%$ to disp5se its fav\rs freely1 i4e41 )\t mak+ ! public pay = !m4 ,! proprietor ( ! gr\nd1 h[ev]1 resolv$ to turn1 :at he c\nt$1 an hone/ p5ny1 & built a h\se ov] ! spr+ = ! sale ( ! wat]4 ,! f\nta91 mu* aggriev$ at ?is1 =?) dri$ up4 ,! h\se1 n be+ requir$1 0 tak5 d[n1 & ! b5evol5t wat] once m made its appe>ance4 ,int]mitt5t spr+s h be5 obs]v$ f an e>ly date1 & /range notions h be5 =m$ ab\t !m4 ,!y are usually associat$ 9 _! ebb+ & fl[+ ) "s p>ticul> riv]4 ,9 "s in/ances su* a connection c be only imag9>y1 notably 9 ! case ( ! ,keldgate ,spr+s at ,cott+ham1 9 ,york%ire1 ?\ght to be influ5c$ by ! riv] ,d]w5t tw5ty miles away4 ,an ebb+ & fl[+ well at ! foot ( ,giggleswick ,sc>1 ne> ,settle1 9 ! same c\nty1 0 repres5t$ by ,mi*ael ,drayton "u ! poetic guise ( a nymph fly+ f ! pursuit ( an unwelcome lov]4 ,g\gh1 9 8 edition ( ,camd5's ,britannia1 ( date #ahjf1 has ! foll[+ ab\t a spr+ ne> ,paisley3--,bi%op ,gibson says t 9 ! l&s ( ,newy>ds1 ne> ,paisley1 is a spr+ :i* ebbs & fl[s ) ! tide ?\gh f> above any gr\nd to :i* ! tide comes4 ,mr4 ,craw=d1 9 8 ',hi/ory ( ! ,%ire ( ,r5frew1' applies ?is to a spr+ 9 ! l&s ( ,woodside1 :i* is ?ree miles f ! ,clyde1 & half-a-mile f ,paisley bridge1 & ! gr\nd mu* high] ?an ! riv]4 ,! "n ( ,dozm>e ,lake1 9 ,cornwall1 signifies 9 ,corni% a drop ( ! sea1 ! lake hav+ be5 s call$ f a belief t x 0 tidal4 ,! absurdity ( ! belief is prov$ by ! fact t ! %eet ( wat] is eight hundr$ & n9ety feet above ! sea4 ,! lake is said to be unfa?omable1 & has = a haunt+ _s a giant :o is doom$ to empty x by means ( a limpet %ell4 ,a s+ul> sup]/ition is1 or 0 till q lately1 *]i%$ 9 ,peebles%ire1 t ,p[bate ,well1 close to ,eddle/one1 completely fills ) its wat] ! high hill on ^: top x is situat$4 ,*amb]s1 9 8 ,popul> ,rhymes ( ,scotl&1 gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t ! spr+3--,! m\?1 call$ ,p[bate ,e'e1 is cov]$ ov] by a grate to prev5t ! %eep f fall+ into x2 & x is suppos$ t1 if a will[ w& is ?r[n 91 x w be f\nd "s "t aft]1 peel$ at ! wat]-laugh1 a small lake at ! base ( ! hill suppos$ to communicate ) ,p[bate4 ,( c\rse ! hill is expect$ to break "s day l a bottle & d a great deal ( mis*ief4 ,a prophecy1 said to be by ,?omas ! ,rhym]1 & be>+ evid5t m>ks ( 8 /yle1 is cit$ to support ! supposition3 ',p[bate1 an ye break1 ,tak' ! ,moorfoot 9 y]e gate2 ,moorfoot & ,mauldslie1 ,huntlycote1 a' ?ree1 ,five kirks & an ,abbacie6' ,9 explanation ( ?is prophecy ,*amb]s rem>ks3 ,moorfoot1 ,mauldslie1 & ,huntlycote are f>m-t[ns 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! hill4 ,! kirks are und]/ood to h be5 ^? ( ,temple1 ,c>r+ton1 ,bor?wick1 ,cockp51 & ,dalkei?2 & ! abbacy 0 t ( ,newbottle1 ! de/ruction ( :i*1 h[ev]1 has be5 anticipat$ by ano!r enemy4 ,! ,scotti% imag9ation1 9 attribut+ wond]ful prop]ties to spr+s1 has n gone ! l5g? ( ascrib+ to any ! p[] possess$ by ,/4 ,ludvan's ,well 9 ,cornwall4 ,?is f\nta9 has be5 already ref]r$ to z ! giv] ( increas$ sight4 ,b x _h ! /ill m m>vell\s p[] ( prev5t+ any "o baptis$ ) its wat] f be+ hang$ by a hemp5 rope4 ,nor h we he>d ( any spr+ nor? ( ! ,twe$ t c\ld be a mat* = ano!r ,corni% well1 viz41 t ( ,/4 ,keyne1 famili> to read]s ( ,s\!y4 ,:oev]1 aft] m>riage1 fir/ drank ( its wat] w\ld be ! rul] ( ! h\se4 ,on "o occasion a bridegroom hurri$ to make sure ( ?is "r1 b 0 *agr9$ to f9d t he _h be5 anticipat$3 8 bride _h tak5 a bottleful ( ! wat] ) h] to *ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,witness ,,( ,,wat]4 ,recov]y f ,illness--,hydromancy--,mirror--,juno's ,pool--,pr$iction & ,cure--,me?ods ( ,augury--,port5ts ( ,dea?--,wat] l ,blood--,spr+s & ,national ,annals--,h]itable ,jurisdictions--,wat] & ,wit*craft--,devil's ,m>k--,wat] ,ordeal--,abbey ( ,scone--,elg9 ,ord]pot--,wit*'s ,/one--,repeal ( ,p5al ,/atutes--,wit*craft 9 ! ,nor?--,insanity--,wild ,murdo*4 ,am ,i likely to recov]8 is a "q on _m a pati5t's lips4 ,ask y\r doctor2 & if ! case looks s]i\s1 ,h a consultation is ! answ] n[adays4 ,=m]ly1 ! answ] 0 ,g to a consecrat$ well1 or ,get "s "o else to g 9 y\r /ead1 & y w get a reply4 ,!re is no reason to believe t e sacr$ spr+ 0 cr$it$ ) ?is p[]2 b _m und\bt$ly 74 ,hydromancy has be5 a fav\rite mode ( div9ation4 ,! consci\s wat] c\ld pr$ict ! future1 & que/ions connect$ ) heal? 7 laid be=e x = its decision4 ,! ,greeks dipp$ a mirror into a well1 & =etold heal? or sickness f ! appe>ance ( ! wat]y l9es on its surface4 ,a pool 9 ,laconia1 sacr$ to ,juno1 reveal$ approa*+ good or evil =tune respectively1 by ! s9k+ or float+ ( :eat5 cakes ?r[n into x1 & auguries 7 also drawn f ! movem5ts ( /ones :5 dropt into x4 ,spr+s1 !re=e1 des]v$ ! respect %[n to !m by ! confid+ public4 ,inde$ !y n only told ( recov]y2 !y suppli$ ! m$ic9e requir$ to ensure x1 & 7 ?us doctors & druggi/s comb9$4 ,sometimes ! om5 0 unpropiti\s4 ,9 _m cases ! prophecy w\ld "w out its own fulfilm5t4 ,!re 0 a well 9 ! ,isl& ( ,lewis t caus$ ei!r in/ant dea? or recov]y to ! pati5t :o te/$ its virtues3 b a spe$y fulfilm5t l ?is 0 exceptional4 ,/4 ,&rew's ,well at ,%ad>1 9 ,lewis1 0 mu* e/eem$ = its p[] ( augury4 ,a tub1 conta9+ "s ( its wat]1 0 tak5 to ! h\se ( ! pati5t1 & a small wood5 di% 0 plac$ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,if ?is di% turn$ sunways1 x %[$ t ! pati5t w\ld recov]2 b if 9 an opposite direction1 t he w\ld die4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is in/ance1 ,mr4 ,gomme1 9 8 ,e?nology 9 ,folklore1 obs]ves1 ,i am incl9$ to connect ?is ) ! vessel or cauldron s frequ5tly occurr+ 9 ,celtic tradition1 & :i* ,mr4 ,nutt has m>k$ z 'a "p ( ! ge> ( ! olde/ ,celtic div9ities' p]haps ( div9ities old] ?an ! ,celts4 ,on "o occasion two p>i%ion]s ( ,fodd]ty1 9 ,ross-%ire1 consult$ ,tob>-na-domhnui* 9 t p>i% 9 behalf ( a sick fri5d4 ,:5 !y plac$ _! pit*] on ! surface ( ! wat]1 ! vessel mov$ r\nd f s\? to we/1 z 9 ! la/ in/ance1 & !y ha/5$ back to _! fri5d ) ! good news4 ,?is 0 9 ! ye> #ahcb4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 a woman br\ght h] sick *ild to be ba!d 9 ! well1 b 0 surpris$ & n a little t]rifi$ to see a /range creature1 ) gl>+ eyes1 leap into x z %e approa*$4 ,love = h] *ild made h] brave4 ,ov]com+ h] fe>1 %e dislodg$ ! creature1 & ba!d ! little invalid4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 %e mu/ h reg>d$ ! appe>ance ( ! creature z a bad om51 = ! *ild did n recov]4 ,! usual way ( consult+ ! spr+ 9 "q 0 to draw wat] f x be=e sunrise1 & to convey ! wat] to ! invalid's h\se4 ,! pati5t 0 !n imm]s$ 9 x1 & if x rema9$ cle> ! circum/ance po9t$ to recov]y2 b if x assum$ a br[ni% col\r1 ! illness w\ld end 9 dea?4 ,9 =m] times a %irt 0 ?r[n into ,/4 ,oswald's ,well1 9 ,york%ire1 by way ( augury4 ,! float+ ( ! %irt =etold return+ heal?4 ,! s9k+ =etold dea?4 ,:5 a portion ( an invalid's clo?+ 0 flung into ! ,d[ ,lo*1 9 ,dumfries%ire1 ! same rule held good4 ,z may be notic$1 ! augury 9 ^! two cases 0 ! rev]se ( t 9 ! case ( ,juno's pool above allud$ to4 ,!re 7 o!r ways 9 :i* wells act$ ! prophet4 ,if a c]ta9 worm 9 a spr+ on ! top ( a p>ticul> hill 9 ,/ra?don 0 f\nd alive1 ! pati5t w\ld recov]4 ,a well at ,ardnacloi* 9 ,app9 conta9$ a dead worm1 if ! pati5t's illness w\ld prove fatal2 b a liv+ "o1 if o!rwise4 ,! ,virg9's ,well1 ne> ! anci5t *ur* ( ,kilmorie on ! %ores ( ,lo* ,ryan 9 ,wigt[n%ire1 _h an +5i\s way ( pr$ict+ ! future4 ,if ! pati5t1 on ^: acc\nt ! wat] 0 s\ght1 w\ld recov]1 ! f\nta9 fl[$ freely2 b if ! malady w\ld end 9 dea?1 ! wat] refus$ to gu% =?4 ,montluck ,well1 9 ! gr\nds ( ,logan 9 ! same c\nty1 got ! cr$it ( act+ on a simil> pr9ciple4 ,:5 speak+ ( ?is spr+1 ,symson says1 x is 9 ! mid/ ( a little bog to :i* sev]al p]sons h rec\rse to fet* wat] = su* z are sick1 ass]t+ 7:e!r x be tru? or falsehood ,i %all n det]m9e7 t if ! sick p]son %all recov]1 ! wat] %all s bubble & m\nt up :5 ! mess5g] dips 9 8 vessel1 t he w h>dly get out dry %od by reason ( ! ov]fl[+ ( ! well2 b if ! sick p]son be n to recov]1 !re %all n be any su* ov]fl[+ 9 ! lea/4 ,we f9d a belief 9 ! s\?-we/ ( ,engl& correspond+ to ?is 9 ! s\?-we/ ( ,scotl&4 ,gulval ,well1 9 ,fosses ,moor !re1 0 resort$ to by p]sons anxi\s to "k ! fate ( abs5t fri5ds4 ,if ! p]son inquir$ ab\t 0 dead1 ! wat] rema9$ p]fectly /ill2 if sick1 x bubbl$1 ?\gh 9 a muddy fa%ion2 b if well1 x s5t out a sp>kl+ gu%4 ,mr4 ,hunt m5tions ! case ( a woman1 :o1 ) h] babe 9 h] arm1 consult$ ! spr+ ab\t h] abs5t husb&1 "u ! guidance ( an ag$ female :o act$ z ! gu>dian ( ! well4 ,obey+ ! old woman's directions1 %e knelt on ! mat ( bright gre5 grass :i* grew ar\nd1 &1 lean+ ov] ! well s z to see h] face 9 ! wat]1 %e repeat$ aft] h] in/ructor3 ',wat]1 wat]1 tell me truly1 ,is ! man ,i love truly ,on ! e>?1 or "u ! sod1 ,sick or well1--9 ! "n ( ,god8' ,"s m9utes pass$ 9 p]fect sil5ce1 & anxiety 0 rapidly turn+ *eeks & lips pale1 :5 ! col\r rapidly return$4 ,!re 0 a gu% ( cle> wat] f bel[1 bubble rapidly foll[$ bubble sp>kl+ brightly 9 ! morn+ sun%9e4 ,full ( joy1 ! "y "m rose f h] knees1 kiss$ h] *ild1 & exclaim$1 ',i am happy n[6' ,at ,b>5ton 9 ,brittany is a spr+ /ill believ$ 9 by ! peasantry4 ,a p9 is dropt into ! well1 & if good =tune is 9 /ore1 ! wat] s5ds up bubbles2 b if n1 x rema9s q /ill4 ,! quantity ( wat] 9 ,/4 ,maelrubha's ,well on ,innis-,m>ee v>i$ f "t to "t4 ,:5 a pati5t 0 br\ght = treatm5t & !re 0 a scanty supply1 ! om5 0 consid]$ unfav\rable2 b :5 ! wat] 0 abundant1 ! sa9t 0 deem$ propiti\s1 & ! hope ( recov]y 0 consequ5tly great4 ,! fly at ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,well 9 ,banff%ire 0 look$ ^u z a prophet4 ,9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl& we read1 t1 if ! sob] matron wi%$ to "k ! issue ( h] husb&'s ailm5t1 or ! love-sick nymph t ( h] langui%+ swa91 !y visit$ ! ,well ( ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,e movem5t ( ! sympa!tic fly 0 reg>d$ 9 sil5t awe2 & z he appe>$ *e]ful or deject$1 ! anxi\s vot>ies drew _! presages4 ,at ,little ,conan 9 ,cornwall is a spr+1 sacr$ to ,our ,lady ( ,nants4 ,x 0 at "o "t resort$ to on ,palm ,sunday by p]sons anxi\s to "k :e!r !y w\ld outlive ! ye>4 ,a cross1 made ( palm1 0 ?r[n into ! wat]4 ,if x float$1 ! ?r[] w\ld survive ! twelvemon?2 b if x sank1 he w\ld die )9 t "t4 ,maid5s us$ to visit ,madron ,well 9 ! same c\nty on ,may morn+ to =eca/ _! matrimonial fate4 ,!y took two pieces ( /raw1 ab\t an in* 9 l5g?1 & plac+ !m crosswise fa/5$ !m toge!r ) a p94 ,! cross 0 !n ?r[n into ! spr+4 ,! ris+ bubbles 7 c>efully c\nt$1 = !y correspond$ 9 numb] ) ! ye>s t w\ld elapse be=e ! arrival ( ! w$d+-day4 ,port5ts ( dea? 7 sometimes furni%$ by lo*s & spr+s4 ,at ,h>pham 9 ,york%ire !re is a tradition t a drumm] lad 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury 0 accid5tally dr[n$ 9 a c]ta9 spr+ by a ,/4 ,qu9t9--,"l ( ! ,manor4 ,ev] aft]w>ds ! s\nd ( a drum 0 he>d 9 ! well on ! ev5+ be=e ! dea? ( "o ( ! ,/4 ,qu9t9 family4 ,camd51 9 8 ,britannia1 tells ( a %eet ( wat] 9 ,*e%ire call$ ,blackm]e ,lake1 ly+ 9 ! di/rict :]e ! ,br]eton family _h l&s1 & records ! local belief t1 j be=e any heir ( t h\se di$1 trunks ( trees 7 se5 float+ on its surface4 ,wat] occasionally gave w>n+ by turn+ r$ l blood4 ,a c]ta9 f\nta91 ne> ! ,elbe1 9 ,g]many1 0 at "o "t believ$ to d ?is1 9 view ( an approa*+ w>4 ,/4 ,tr$well's ,lo*1 9 ,papa-,we/ray1 ,orkney1 has already be5 ref]r$ to1 9 connection ) its habit ( turn+ r$1 :5ev] any?+ rem>kable 0 ab\t to happ5 to a memb] ( ! ,royal ,family4 ,:5 ! ,e>l ( ,d]w5twat] 0 behead$1 9 #agaf1 ! news spread t ! /ream fl[+ pa/ 8 e/ate ( ,dil/on ,hall 9 ,nor?umb]l& ran ) blood4 ,! same 0 said ( ! riv] at ,bo!l1 9 ! p>i% ( ,top5h[1 9 ,cumb]l&1 on ! occasion ( ! execution ( ,*>les ,i41 9 #afdi4 ,!re 0 at "o "t a well 9 ,cant]bury ,ca!dral4 ,aft] ! assass9ation ( ,?omas ,becket ! sweep+s ( 8 blood & bra9s f ! floor 7 ?r[n into x1 & m ?an once aft]w>ds ! wat] turn$ r$ & effect$ v>i\s miracul\s cures4 ,lady ,wilde1 9 h] ,anci5t ,leg5ds ( ,irel&1 n>rates h[ "o ( ! holy wells ( ,er9 lo/ its efficacy = cur+ purposes ?r\gh hav+ be5 t\*$ by a murd]]4 ,! prie/ ( ! di/rict took "s ( its wat] & brea!d on x ?rice 9 ! "n ( ! ,tr9ity1 :51 lo6 a my/]i\s *ange came ov] x1 & x appe>$ r$ l blood6 ,! murd]] 0 captur$ & h&$ ov] to ju/ice1 & ! well once m began to "w cures4 ,"s spr+s seem$ anxi\s to be beh9d ! sc5es 7?\gh be=e ! ev5t7 9 connection ) v>i\s incid5ts 9 ,briti% annals4 ,a spr+ at ,w>l+ham1 9 ,surrey1 rises be=e any great ev5t 9 our c\ntry's hi/ory4 ,at any rate x did s be=e ?ree great ev5ts 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 viz41 ! ,re/oration1 ! ,plague1 & ! ,revolution4 ,! fam\s ,drumm+ ,well at ,oundle1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 0 also specially active 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,by mak+ a s\nd l ! beat+ ( a drum1 x ann\nc$ ! approa* ( a ,scotti% army1 & gave w>n+ ( ! dea? ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,9 ! same c5tury a pool 9 ,nor? ,tawton p>i%1 ,devon%ire1 ev5 ?\gh dry 9 summ]1 became full ( wat] at ! drie/ season be=e ! dea? ( a pr9ce1 & rema9$ s till ! ev5t happ5$4 ,two c5turies e>li] a c]ta9 well at ,langley ,p>k1 9 ,k5t1 _h a s+ul> way ( =etell+ ! future4 ,9 view ( a battle x became dry1 ?\gh ra9 fell heavily4 ,if !re 0 to be no fight+1 x appe>$ full ( wat]1 ev5 dur+ ! greate/ dr\ght4 ,a spr+ at ,kilb>ry1 9 ! isl& ( ,b>ra1 ,out] ,hebrides1 s]v$ ! same purpose1 b its mode ( augury 0 diff]5t4 ,9 ?is case1 z ,dalyell records 9 8 ,d>k] ,sup]/itions1 drops ( blood appe>$ 9 prospect ( w>2 b little bits ( peat1 if peace 0 to rema9 unbrok54 ,walcott m5tions1 9 8 ,scoti-,mona/icon1 t !re 0 at ,kilw9n+1 9 ,ayr%ire1 a sacr$ f\nta9 :i* fl[$ 9 #aahd1 & at o!r times1 be=e a w> or tr\ble1 ) blood in/ead ( wat] = eight successive days & nights4 ,:5 ,m>vel-sike ,spr+1 ne> ,brampton ,bridge1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 ov]fl[$ its cu/om>y limits1 p us$ to int]pret its conduct z signify+ approa*+ de>?1 ! dea? ( "s great p]son1 or "s national di/urbance4 ,9 ^! days1 :5 s ke5 an int]e/ is tak5 9 ! proce$+s ( ,p>liam5t1 x is a pity t !re is no spr+ 9 our l& capable ( ann\nc+ ! probable date ( a dissolution4 ,su* a spr+ w\ld relieve ! public m9d f mu* unc]ta9ty1 & w\ld b5efit ! trade & comm]ce ( ! c\ntry4 ,h]itable jurisdictions 7 aboli%$ 9 ,scotl& soon aft] ! ,/u>t ris+ ( #agde4 ,?is privilege1 enjoy$ till !n by _m l&[n]s nor? ( ! ,twe$1 0 popul>ly kn[n z ! "r ( pit & gall[s1 ! pit be+ = ! dr[n+ ( wom5 & ! gall[s = ! hang+ ( m54 ,9 #afgi1 a c]ta9 woman1 ,janet ,grant by "n1 0 convict$ ( !ft 9 ! b>onial c\rt ( ,sir ,rob]t ,gordon ( ,gordon/one1 held at ,dra9ie1 9 ,elg9%ire1 & 0 s5t5c$ to be dr[n$ 9 ,spynie ,lo*4 ,9 ?is & o!r simil> cases wat] 0 us$ z a means ( execution4 ,9 ! case ( wit*craft x 0 call$ 9 z a witness 9 ! trial4 ,! crim9al proce$+s = ! detection & puni%m5t ( s-call$ wit*es =m a pa9fully d>k *apt] 9 ,scotti% hi/ory4 ,z ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,dav5port ,adams po9t$ly puts x1 9 8 ,wit*1 ,w>lock1 & ,magician1 ,! common p = a "t might h be5 divid$ into two classes1 'wit*es & wit*f9d]s4' ,! same writ] obs]ves1 ,among ! p ( ,scotl&1 a m s]i\s-m9d$ & imag9ative race ?an ! ,engli%1 ! sup]/ition ( wit*craft 0 deeply root$ at an e>ly p]iod4 ,its developm5t 0 enc\rag$ n only by ! idiosyncracies ( ! national "*1 b also by ! nature ( ! c\ntry & ! climate 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,! l(ty m\nta9s1 ) _! mi/y summits & %ad[y rav9es1 _! deep obscure gl5s1 7 ! fitt+ homes ( ! wilde/ fancies1 ! e]ie/ leg5ds1 & ! /orm--cra%+ ?r\gh ! =e/s1 & ! surf beat+ on ! rocky %ore1 sugge/$ to ! e> ( ! peasant or fi%]man ! voices ( unse5 creatures--( ! dread spirits ( ! wat]s & ! air4 ,a fav\rite me?od ( discov]+ :e!r an accus$ p]son 0 guilty or n1 0 t te*nically kn[n z prick+4 ,x 0 confid5tly believ$ t e wit* _h ! devil's m>k some:]e on h] p]son4 ,! exi/5ce ( ?is m>k c\ld be det]m9$3 = if a p9 0 ?ru/ into ! fle% ) ! result t nei!r blood came1 nor pa9 0 felt1 ! spot s punctur$ 0 ! m>k 9 "q4 ,?is %[$1 )\t d\bt1 t ! accus$ 0 guilty ( ! he9\s crime laid to h] *>ge4 ,*>les ,kirkpatrick ,%>pe1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,wit*craft 9 ,scotl&1 gives in/ances ( ! f9d+ ( ! devil's m>k4 ,he m5tions ! case ( ,janet ,b>k]1 a s]vant 9 ,ed9burgh1 :o ackn[l$g$ t %e possess$ ?is p>ticul> m>k betwe5 h] %\ld]s4 ,a p9 0 /uck into ! spot & rema9$ !re = an h\r )\t h] be+ aw>e ( its pres5ce4 ,su*1 at lea/1 0 ! way ( /at+ ! case 9 #afdc4 ,) ?is simple te/ at comm& x is n easy to und]/& :y wat] %\ld h be5 requir$ to give evid5ce4 ,b s x 04 ,among v>i\s nations ! wat]-ordeal has be5 9 fa%ion4 ,x 0 specially popul> 9 ,scotl& a c\ple ( c5turies ago4 ,"p ( ! bay at ,/4 ,&rews is /ill /yl$ ! ,wit*es' ,lake1 recall+ by its "n ! crude notions & cruel practices ( our ance/ors4 ,a pool 9 ! ,c>ron1 ne> ,dunnott> ,*ur* 9 ,k9c>d9e%ire1 at "o "t s]v$ a simil> purpose4 ,z we h se51 ! s9k+ or ! float+ ( an object ?r[n into wat] 9 cases ( sickness told ( dea? or recov]y4 ,9 l mann] innoc5ce or guilt c\ld be det]m9$ 9 ! case ( p]sons accus$ ( sorc]y4 ,if ! p]son sank1 %e 0 innoc5t2 b guilty1 if %e float$4 ,k+ ,james ,,vi4--a great au?ority on ! subject--expla9s :y ?is 0 s4 ,9 8 ,daemonologie1 he says1 ,z 9 a secret mur!r1 if ! dead c>case be at any "t !reaft] h&l$ by ! mur!r]1 x w gu% out ( blood1 z if ! blood 7 rag+ to ! ,heav5 = rev5ge ( ! mur!r] 7,god hav+ appo9t$ t secret sup]natural sign = trial ( t secret unnatural crime71 s t x appe>s t ,god ha? appo9t$ 7= a sup]natural sign ( ! mon/r\s impiety ( wit*es7 t ! wat] %all refuse to receive !m 9 h] bosom t h %ak5 (f !m ! sacr$ wat] ( baptism & wilfully refus$ ! b5efit !re(4 ,! ,abbey ( ,scone1 9 ,p]?%ire1 f\nd$ by ,alex&] ,i41 9 #aaad1 receiv$ f him a *>t] confirm+ ! "r ( us+ ! wat]-ordeal = ! detection ( wit*craft4 ,! place ( trial 0 a small isl& 9 ! ,tay1 half-way betwe5 ! abbey & ! bridge ( ,p]?4 ,accord+ to ! practices1 common at su* trials1 ! accus$ 0 ?r[n into ! wat]1 wrapp$ up 9 a %eet1 & hav+ ! ?umbs & ! great toes fa/5$ toge!r4 ,! *ances ( life 7 c]ta9ly n great "u ! circum/ances1 =1 if ! poor creature float$1 %e _h soon to ex*ange wat] = fire4 ,! /ake 0 h] goal4 ,if %e sank1 ! likelihood 0 t %e w\ld be dr[n$4 ,bundl$ up 9 ! mann] describ$1 %e 0 sc>cely 9 a position to rescue h]self2 & ! by/&]s 7 9 no hum\r to give a help+ h&4 ,close to ! t[n ( ,elg9 0 once a wit*-pool1 kn[n z ! ,ord] ,pot1 s call$ f its hav+ be5 ! place ( ordeal4 ,?r\gh "t x 0 fill$ up1 ma9ly ) rubbi% f ! ru9s ( ! ca!dral1 9 fulfilm5t1 x 0 believ$1 ( ! prophecy ( ,?omas ! ,rhym] t ,! ,ord] ,pot & ,lossie grey ,%all sweep ! ,*anonry kirk away4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury a woman :o 0 accus$ ( hav+ br\ght disease on a c]ta9 man ?r\gh h] sorc]ies 0 ?r[n into ! pool4 ,%e sank1 & ! cr[d1 :o _h collect$ to witness ! trial1 exclaim$1 ,to ,satan's k+dom %e ha? gone4 ,! incid5t is ( int]e/ s9ce ! view ( h] case1 !n tak51 0 contr>y to ! "o usually held1 z expla9$ above4 ,p]haps ! p /&+ by ?\ght t ! devil 0 s eag] to get 8 own1 t he w\ld n lose ! *ance ( secur+ 8 victim at once4 ,elg9%ire has ano!r memorial ( ! black art 9 ! =m ( ,! ,wit*'s ,/one at ,=res4 ,x consi/s ( a b\ld] ab\t a y>d 9 diamet] & probably m>ks ! spot :]e unhappy females convict$ ( wit*craft 7 execut$4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agij "s "o wi%$ to turn ! /one to good acc\nt = build+ purposes & broke x into ?ree pieces4 ,! break]1 h[ev]1 0 compell$ to put x toge!r aga91 & ! iron !n us$ to clasp x is /ill 9 position4 ,leg5d acc\nts = ! breakage 9 a less prosaic way4 ,:5 ! b\ld] 0 be+ c>ri$ by a wit* ?r\gh ! air 9 h] apron1 ! apron-/r+ broke1 &1 z a result1 ! /one 0 brok5 too4 ,! spot 0 =m]ly reckon$ ill-om5$4 ,x w\ld be too mu* to say t belief 9 ! black art has vani%$ f ! ,highl&s2 ?\gh1 =tunately = ! good s5se ( our age1 z well z = ^? :o live 9 x1 wit* pools are n n[ 9 requisition4 ,p5nant be>s witness to ! fact t belief 9 wit*craft ceas$ 9 ,p]?%ire soon aft] ! repeal1 9 #agcf1 ( ! p5al /atutes aga9/ wit*es4 ,9 m nor!rn di/ricts x cont9u$ a vital "p ( ! popul> cre$ till mu* lat]4 ,! ,rev4 ,donald ,sage m5tions1 9 8 ,memorabilia ,dome/ica1 t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,fras]1 m9i/] ( ,kille>nan 9 ,ross-%ire1 ab\t #agej1 0 mu* tr\bl$ ) somnol5cy ev5 9 ! pulpit4 ,he 0 9 consequ5ce ?\ght to be bewit*$--a notion t he himself %>$4 ,two wom5 7 fix$ on1 z ! cause ( 8 unnatural slumb]s4 ,x 0 believ$ t !y _h made a clay image repres5t+ ! m9i/] & _h /uck p9s into x4 ,c]ta9 pa9s felt by him 7 ascrib$ to ?is cause4 ,_h x n be5 = ! ,act ( #agcf1 x w\ld d\btless h f>$ ill ) ! suppos$ wit*es4 ,wit*es1 h[ev]1 7 n alone 9 _! p[] ( float+4 ,accord+ to a popul> belief 9 ! nor?-we/ ,highl&s1 insane p _c s9k 9 wat]4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 volume iv41 ref]s to ! case ( a c]ta9 madman--,wild ,murdo* by "n--conc]n+ :om /range /ories 7 told4 ,he 0 born on ! small isl& ( ,meli/a1 ne> ! coa/ ( ,lewis1 us$ only = occasional habitation 9 connection ) ! pa/ur+ ( cattle4 ,anyone born 9 ! isl& is believ$ to become insane4 ,! sup]/ition ab\t n s9k+ 0 c]ta9ly put to a sev]e te/ 9 ,wild ,murdo*'s case4 ,x is said1 rem>ks ,sir ,ar?ur1 t 8 fri5ds us$ to tie a rope r\nd 8 body1 make x fa/ to ! /]n ( ! boat1 & !n pull out to sea1 tak+ ! wret*$ man 9 t[4 ,! /ory goes t he 0 s buoyant t he c\ld n s9k2 't !y tri$ to press him d[n into ! wat]2' t he c\ld swim ) a /one fa/5$ to him2 t :5 c>ri$ to ! rocky holms ( ,meli/a or ,gre9an1 r\nd :i* ! op5 ,atlantic surges1 & left !re alone1 he took to ! wat] & swam a%ore4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,wat]-,,spirits4 ,influ5ce ( ,sc5]y--,sci5ce & ,sup]/ition--,lo*-nan-,spoiradan --,lo*an-nan-,deaan--,lo*an-,wan & its ,sacrifice--,j5ny ,gre5tee? --,poetry & ,sup]/ition--,twe$ & ,till--,dee & ,don-- ,folk-practices = ,f9d+ a ,dr[n$ ,body--,deeside ,tradition-- ,salt us$ by ,twe$ ,fi%]s = ,good ,luck--,gu>dian-,_s ( ,conan--,peg ,p[l]--,wat]-kelpies--,nikr--,halliwell ,boggle--,rob9 ,r\nd ,cap--,r\nd ,hole1 ne> ,flambor\gh--,ab]de5%ire ,kelpy ,leg5ds--,"s ,su!rl& ,kelpies--,/ory ab\t an ,islay ,kelpy-- ,m]maids 9 ! ,nor?4 ,"o ( ! great *>ms ( ,highl& l&scape is ! gleam ( /ill wat] t s (t5 gives ! elem5t ( repose 9 a sc5e ( brok5 cliff & tumbl$ crag1 ( noisy cascade & driv+ cl\d4 ,no casual t\ri/ c fail to notice :at a wond]ful v>iety ( lakes he meets ) 9 ! c\rse ( any trav]se he may take across ! c\ntry4 ,among ! high] m\nta9s !re is ! little t>n ne/l+ 9 a d>k sunless corry1 & half-encircl$ ) grim sn[-rift$ crags4 ,9 ! gl51 !re is ! occasional broad5+ ( ! riv] into a lake t n>r[s aga9 to let ! /ream ru% d[n a rocky rav9e4 ,9 ! wid] /ra? !re is ! broad /ill expanse ( wat]1 ) its fr+e ( wood & its tree-cov]$ islets4 ,9 ! gneiss region ( ! ,nor?-,we/1 !re is ! little lo*an ly+ 9 its bas9 ( b>e rock & surr\nd$ ) scores ( o!rs all equally treeless & desolate4 ,s writes ,pr(essor ,sir ,a4 ,geikie 9 8 ,sc5]y ( ,scotl&4 ,8 po9t ( view is t ( a sci5tific obs]v]1 ke5ly alive to all ! v>i$ ph5om5a ( nature4 ,b amid ! sc5es describ$ liv$ m5 & wom5 :o look$ at ! out] _w ?r\gh ! refract+ m$ium ( sup]/ition4 ,!y saw ! l&scape1 b !y saw also :at _! own imag9ation suppli$4 ,9 ,/ra?spey1 is a %eet ( wat] be>+ ! ,gaelic "n ( ,lo*-nan-,spoiradan or ! ,lake ( ,spirits4 ,:at %ape ^! spirits assum$ we d n "k1 b !re 0 no mi/ake ab\t ! =m ( ! _s :o gu>d$ ,lo*an-nan-,deaan1 close to ! old milit>y road betwe5 ,corg>ff & ,tom9t\l4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is _s may be ga!r$ f ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor's rem>ks 9 an article on ,gu>dian ,spirits ( ,wells & ,lo*s 9 ,folklore = ,m>*1 #ahib4 ,aft] describ+ ! lo*1 he says1 ,x 0 believ$ to be bottomless1 & to be ! abode ( a wat]-_s t delight$ 9 human sacrifice4 ,not)/&+ ?is blood-?ir/y _s1 ! m5 ( ,/ra?don & ,corg>ff resolv$ to try to draw ! wat] f ! lo*1 9 hope ( f9d+ ! rema9s ( ^? t _h p]i%$ 9 x4 ,on a fix$ day a numb] ( !m met ) spades & picks to cut a way = ! outfl[ ( ! wat] ?r\gh ! road4 ,:5 all 7 ready to beg9 "w1 a t]rific yell came f ! lo*1 & !re arose f its wat]s a dim9utive creature 9 %ape ( a man ) a r$ cap on 8 head4 ,! m5 fl$ 9 t]ror1 leav+ _! picks & spades beh9d !m4 ,! _s seiz$ !m & ?rew !m into ! lo*4 ,!n1 ) a ge/ure ( defiance at ! flee+ m51 & a ro> t %ook ! hills1 he plung$ into ! lo* & disappe>$ amid/ ! wat] t boil$ & heav$ z r$ z blood4 ,ne> ! b\nd>y1 betwe5 ! %ires ( ,ab]de5 & ,banff1 is a small %eet ( wat] call$ ,lo*an-wan1 i4e41 ,lamb's ,lo*4 ,! di/rict ar\nd is n[ a de] =e/1 b at "o "t x 0 us$ = graz+ %eep4 ,! t5ants ar\nd _h ! privilege ( pa/ur+ a c]ta9 numb] ( %eep4 ,dr4 ,gregor says1 ,ea* "o t s5t %eep to ?is common _h to (f] 9 sacrifice1 to ! _s ( ! lo*1 ! fir/ lamb ( 8 flock dropp$ on ! common4 ,! omission ( ?is sacrifice br\ght disa/]2 = unless ! sacrifice 0 made1 half ( 8 flock w\ld be dr[n$ be=e ! end ( ! graz+ season4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,lo*an-nan-,deaan1 an attempt 0 made to break ! spell by dra9+ ! lo*1 b ?is attempt1 ?\gh less tragic 9 its result1 0 equally unavail+4 ,on ?ree successive days a *annel 0 made = ! outfl[ ( ! wat]1 b ea* night ! "w 0 undone4 ,a wat* 0 set1 & at midnight ( ! ?ird day hundr$s ( small black creatures 7 se5 to rise f ! lake1 ea* ) a spade 9 8 h&4 ,!y set ab\t fill+ up ! tr5* & f9i%$ _! "w 9 a few m9utes4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,h>dwick1 9 ,traditions1 ,sup]/itions1 & ,folklore1 publi%$ 9 #ahgb1 tells ( a folk-belief1 preval5t 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,i rememb] well1 he says1 :5 v "y1 be+ caution$ aga9/ approa*+ to ! side ( /agnant pools ( wat] p>tially cov]$ ) vegetation4 ,at ! "t1 ,i firmly believ$ t if ,i disobey$ ?is in/ruction a c]ta9 wat] 'bogg>t1' nam$ ,j5ny ,gre5tee?1 w\ld drag me b5ea? h] v]dant scre5 & subject me to o!r tortures besides dea? by dr[n+4 ,poetry & sup]/ition reg>d ext]nal nature f ! same /&po9t1 9 z mu* z bo? ?9k ( x z animate4 ,b !re is a diff]5ce4 ,! "o end[s nature ) human qualities1 & kn[s t x does s ?r\gh ! imag9ation2 ! o!r does ! same1 & believes t !re is no imag9ation 9 ! matt]4 ,! "w ( ! =m] is well express$ by ,dr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor1 :5 he obs]ves1 ,9 all t wat] does1 ! poet's fancy c disc]n its p]sonality ( life4 ,x gives fi% to ! fi%] & crops to ! husb&man1 x swells 9 fury & lays wa/e ! l&1 x grips ! ba!r ) *ill & cramp & holds ) inexorable grasp its dr[n+ victim4 ,t riv]s 7 mon/]s hung]+1 or p]haps1 "o %\ld say1 ?ir/+1 = human victims is a fact borne witness to by poetry z well z by sup]/ition4 ,an example ( ?is occurs 9 ! foll[+ popul> rhyme connect$ ) ! ,scotti% ,bord]3-- ,twe$ said to ,till1 ',:at g>s ye r9 sae /ill'8 ,till said to ,twe$1 ',?\gh ye r9 wi' spe$1 ,an' ,i r9 slaw1 ,yet :>e ye droon ae man1 ,i droon twa4' ,"s ,ab]de5%ire l9es h ! same !me3-- ,blood?ir/y ,dee ,ea* ye> ne$s ?ree2 ,b bonny ,don1 ,%e ne$s none4 ,accord+ to folklore1 !re is no d\bt t riv]s are uncanny4 ,b5ea? _! rippl+ surface dwells a be+ :o keeps a look\t = ! unw>y travell] & seeks to draw him into ! d>k dep?s4 ,a belief 9 su* a be+ is n always explicitly av[$4 ,b !re are c]ta9 folk-practices und\bt$ly imply+ x4 ,:5 anyone is dr[n$ 9 a riv]1 ! natural way to f9d ! body is to drag ! /ream 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! accid5t4 ,b sup]/ition has rec\rse to ano!r me?od4 ,a loaf ( bread1 ) or )\t quicksilv] 9 x1 is plac$ on ! surface ( ! wat] & all[$ to drift ) ! curr5t4 ,! place :]e ! loaf becomes /ation>y m>ks ! spot :]e ! body lies conceal$4 ,accord+ to ano!r me?od1 a boat is r[$ up & d[n ! /ream1 & a drum is beat all ! "t4 ,:5 ! boat passes ov] ! re/+ place ( ! body ! drum w cease to s\nd4 ,?is 0 done 9 ,d]by%ire no long] ago ?an #ahhb1 9 ord] to f9d ! corpse ( a "y woman :o _h fall5 into ! ,d]w5t4 ,9 su* practices !re is a virtual recognition ( a wat]-_s :o c1 by c]ta9 rites1 be compell$ to give up 8 prey1 or at any rate to disclose ! :]eab\ts ( ! victim4 ,a ,deeside tradition supplies a good illu/ration ( ?is4 ,a man call$ ,f>quh>son-na-,cat1 i4e41 ,f>quh>son ( ! ,w&1 s nam$ f 8 trade ( basketmak+1 _h on "o occasion to cross ! riv] j above ! fam\s l9n4 ,x 0 night4 ,he lo/ 8 foot+1 0 swept d[n into ! l9n1 & !re dr[n$4 ,se>* 0 made = 8 body1 b 9 va94 ,8 wife1 tak+ h] husb&'s plaid1 knelt d[n on ! riv]'s br9k1 & pray$ to ! wat]-_s to give h] back h] dead4 ,%e !n ?rew ! plaid into ! /ream4 ,next morn+ h] husb&'s corpse1 ) ! plaid wrapp$ r\nd x1 0 f\nd ly+ on ! edge ( ! pool4 ,till q lately1 fi%+ on ! ,twe$ 0 believ$ to be influ5c$ by ! fairies ( ! riv]4 ,salt 0 ?r[n into ! wat]1 & spr9kl$ on ! nets to insure a pl5tiful cat* ( fi%4 ,?is 0 really ! (f]+ ( a sacrifice to ! riv]-spirits4 ,frequ5tly ! gu>dian ( ! flood appe>$ 9 di/9ctly human %ape4 ,an excell5t example ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ,hugh ,mill]'s ,my ,s*ools & ,s*oolma/]s1 :]e a picturesque description is giv5 ( ! _s haunt+ ! ,conan4 ,hugh ,mill] 0 an exp]t swimm]1 & delight$ to ba! 9 ! pools ( t ,ross-%ire /ream4 ,its gobl9 or wat]-wrai?1 he tells u1 us$ to appe> z a tall woman dress$ 9 gre51 b di/+ui%$ *iefly by h] )]$1 meagre c\nt5ance1 ev] di/ort$ by a malignant sc[l4 ,i knew all ! v>i\s =ds1 always dang]\s ones1 :]e ( old %e us$ to />t1 x 0 said1 out ( ! riv] be=e ! t]rifi$ travell] to po9t at him z 9 d]ision ) h] sk9ny f+]1 or to beckon him invit+ly on2 & ,i 0 %[n ! v tree to :i* a poor ,highl&] _h clung :51 9 cross+ ! riv] by night1 he 0 seiz$ by ! gobl91 & f :i*1 despite ( 8 utmo/ ex]tions1 ?\gh assi/$ by a "y lad1 8 companion1 he 0 dragg$ into ! middle ( ! curr5t1 :]e he p]i%$4 ,& :5 9 swimm+ at sunset ov] "s d>k pool1 :]e ! eye fail$ to m>k1 or ! foot to s\nd1 ! di/ant bottom1 ! twig ( "s sunk5 bu% or tree has /ruck aga9/ me z ,i pass$1 ,i h felt1 ) sudd5 />t1 z if t\*$ by ! cold1 bloodless f+]s ( ! gobl94 ,at ,pi]se ,bridge1 9 ,durham1 ! wat]-_s ( ! ,tees w5t by ! "n ( ,peg ,p[l]1 & !re 7 /ories 9 ! di/rict1 ( naughty *ildr5 hav+ be5 dragg$ by h] into ! riv]4 ,9 ! ,highl&s & ,l[l&s alike1 ! _s inhabit+ riv]s & lakes 0 commonly kn[n z ! wat]-kelpy4 ,a s\? c\ntry ballad says3-- ,! side 0 /eep1 ! bottom deep ,frae bank to bank ! wat] p\r+2 ,& ! bonnie lass did quake = fe>1 ,%e he>d ! wat]-kelpie ro>+4 ,:o does n rememb] ,burns's l9es 9 8 ,address to ! ,deil8-- ,:5 ?[es dissolve ! snawy hoord1 ,an' float ! j+l9' icy-boord1 ,!n wat]-kelpies haunt ! foord ,by y\r direction2 ,an' 'night$ travell]s are allur'd ,to _! de/ruction4 ,an' aft y\r moss-trav]s9' spunkies ,decoy ! wight t late & drunk is3 ,! bleez9'1 cur/1 mis*iev\s monkeys ,delude 8 eyes4 ,till 9 "s miry sl\gh he sunk is1 ,ne'er mair to rise4 ,! kelpy correspond$ 9 attributes ) ! ,icel&ic ,nikr2 :5ce has come our t]m ,old ,nick1 popul>ly appli$ to ! devil4 ,a well-kn[n picture by ,sir ,noel ,paton has famili>is$ ! /ory ( ,nick>1 ! s\lless1 :o is !re repres5t$ z a creature ) frog-l feet1 b ) a c]ta9 human look ab\t him1 cr\*+ among s$ge by ! side ( wat]1 & play+ 8 ghitt]n--an in/rum5t resembl+ a guit>4 ,he appe>s1 h[ev]1 m melan*oly & less mis*iev\s ?an ! o!r memb]s ( 8 frat]nity4 ,a kelpy t idl$ away 8 "t ) music & made no attempt to dr[n anybody1 0 q an exceptional be+4 ,9 ,sw$51 :]e ,nikr 0 reg>d$ ) awe1 f]ry-m5 at specially dang]\s p>ts ( riv]s w>n$ ^? :o 7 cross+ 9 _! boat n ev5 to m5tion 8 "n1 le/ "s mi%ap %\ld foll[4 ,9 8 ,saxons 9 ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,kemble ?us ref]s to o!r manife/ations ( ! same creature3--,! beautiful ,nix or ,nixie :o allures ! "y fi%] or hunt] to seek h] embraces 9 ! wave :i* br+s 8 dea?2 ! ,neck :o seizes ^u & dr[ns ! maid5s :o sport ^u 8 banks2 ! riv]-_s :o /ill ye>ly1 9 "s p>ts ( ,g]many1 dem&s tribute ( human life1 are all =ms ( ! anci5t ,nicor4 ,! same writ] cont9ues3--,m pleas+ is ! ,sw$i% ,/romk>l1 :o1 f ! jewell$ b$ ( 8 riv]1 wat*es ) delight ! *ildr5 gambol 9 ! adjo9+ mead[s1 & s++ sweetly to !m 9 ! ev5+1 deta*es f 8 ho>y hair ! sweet blossoms ( ! wat]-lily1 :i* he wafts ov] ! surface to _! h&s4 ,9 8 ,folklore ( ,ea/ ,york%ire1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,ni*olson alludes to a haunt$ pool betwe5 ,be:olme & ,atwick1 at ! foot ( ! hill on :i* ,atwick ,*ur* /&s4 ,?is pool is %ad$ by will[s1 & is believ$ to be haunt$ by a _s kn[n 9 ! di/rict z ! ,halliwell ,boggle4 ,9 connection ) ,rob9 ,r\nd ,cap ,well1 9 ! same di/rict1 ,mr4 ,ni*olson tells a /ory--f\nd also 9 ! s\? ( ,scotl&--( a c]ta9 h\se-_s or br[nie1 :o prov$ s tr\blesome to ! f>m] :om he s]v$ t 8 ma/] resolv$ to remove to o!r qu>t]s4 ,! furniture 0 accord+ly put 9 c>ts & a />t 0 made = ! new home4 ,on ! way1 a fri5d acco/$ ! f>m] & ask$ if he 0 flitt+4 ,be=e he c\ld reply1 a voice came f ! *urn--,ay1 we're flitt+6 &1 behold1 !re sat ,rob9 ,r\nd ,cap4 ,! f>m]1 see+ t he c\ld n ?us rid himself ( ! _s1 return$ to 8 old home2 b1 aft]w>ds1 he succe$$ 9 *>m+ ! br[nie into a well1 :]e he /ill rema9s4 ,! same writ] relates a sup]/ition ab\t a c]ta9 r\nd hole ne> ,flambor\gh :]e a girl once committ$ suicide4 ,x is believ$1 he says1 t anyone bold en\gh to run n9e times r\nd ?is place w see ,j5ny's _s come out1 dress$ 9 :ite2 b no "o has yet be5 bold en\gh to v5ture m ?an eight times1 = !n ,j5ny's _s call$ out3-- ',ah'll tee on my bonnet ,an' put on me %oe1 ,an' if ?oo's nut (f ,ah'll seean cat* ?oo6' ,a f>m]1 "s ye>s ago1 gallop$ r\nd x on horseback1 & ,j5ny did come out1 to ! great t]ror ( ! f>m]1 :o put spurs to 8 horse & gallop$ (f z fa/ z he c\ld1 ! _s aft] him4 ,j on ent]+ ! village1 ! _s1 = "s reason unkn[n1 decl9$ to proce$ fur!r1 b bit a piece clean out ( ! horse's flank1 & ! old m>e _h a :ite pat* !re to h] dy+ day4 ,9 ! ,folklore ,j\rnal = #ahhi1 ,dr4 ,gregor relates "s kelpy leg5ds collect$ by him 9 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,on "o occasion a man _h to cross ! ,don by ! bridge ( ,luib1 ,corg>ff1 to get to 8 wife :o 0 !n v ill4 ,:5 he rea*$ ! riv]1 he f\nd t ! bridge--a wood5 "o--_h be5 swept away by a flood4 ,he despair$ ( rea*+ ! o!r bank1 :5 a tall man sudd5ly appe>$ & (f]$ to c>ry him across4 ,! man 0 at fir/ d\btful1 b ere long accept$ ! pr(f]$ help4 ,:5 !y rea*$ ! middle ( ! riv]1 ! kelpy1 :o _h hi!rto %[n himself s oblig+1 s\ght to plunge 8 burd5 b5ea? ! wat]4 ,a /ruggle ensu$4 ,! man f9ally f\nd a foo?old1 &1 dis5gag+ himself f ! kelpy1 scrambl$ 9 all ha/e up ! bank4 ,8 w\ld-be de/roy]1 disappo9t$ ( 8 victim1 hurl$ a b\ld] aft] him4 ,?is b\ld] came to be kn[n z ! ,kelpy's ,/ane4 ,pass]s-by ?rew a /one beside x till ev5tually a heap 0 =m$1 locally /yl$ ! ,kelpy's ,cairn4 ,a ,braem> kelpy /ole a sackful ( meal f a mill to give x to a woman = :om he _h tak5 a fancy4 ,z ! ?ief 0 disappe>+1 ! mill] caught sight ( him & ?rew a fairy-:orl at 8 retreat+ figure4 ,! :orl broke 8 leg1 & ! kelpy fell into ! mill-race & 0 dr[n$4 ,su* 0 ! fate ( ! la/ kelpy se5 9 ,braem>4 ,su!rl&1 too1 ab\nd$ 9 wat]-spirits4 ,!y us$ to cross ! m\? ( ! ,dorno* ,fir? 9 cockle-%ells1 b1 gett+ tir$ ( ?is mode ( transit1 !y resolv$ to build a bridge4 ,x 0 a magnific5t /ructure1 ! pi]s be+ head$ ) pure gold4 ,a c\ntryman1 happ5+ to pass1 saw ! bridge1 & invok$ a bless+ on ! workm5 & _! "w4 ,imm$iately1 ! workm5 vani%$1 & _! "w sank b5ea? ! waves4 ,:]e x spann$ ! ,fir? !re is n[ a s&b> dang]\s to m>9]s4 ,miss ,demp/]1 :o rec\nts ?is leg5d 9 ! ,folklore ,j\rnal = #ahhh1 supplies fur!r in=mation ab\t ! sup]/ition ( ! di/rict4 ,a ban%ee1 adorn$ ) gold ornam5ts & we>+ a silk dress1 0 se5 hurry+ d[n a hill ne> ! riv] ,%91 & f9ally plung+ into "o ( its deep pools4 ,^! ban%ees 7 commonly web-foot$1 & seem$ addict$ to f9]y1 if we may judge f ! in/ance j giv51 & f ano!r m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,campbell 9 8 ,tales ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s4 ,he !re speaks ( "o :o frequ5t$ a /ream ab\t f\r miles f ,skibo ,ca/le 9 ,dorno* p>i%4 ,! mill]'s wife saw h]4 ,%e 0 sitt+ on a /one1 quiet1 & beautifully dress$ 9 a gre5 silk dress1 ! sleeves ( :i* 7 curi\sly puff$ f ! wri/s to ! %\ld]4 ,h] long hair 0 yell[ l ripe corn1 b on ne>] view %e _h no nose4 ,miss ,demp/] n>rates ! foll[+ incid5t connect$ ) ! wat]-_s haunt+ ano!r ,su!rl& riv]3--,"o1 ,william ,munro1 & ! gr&fa!r ( ! p]son f :om we h ?is /ory1 7 "o night lead+ half-a-doz5 pack-horses across a =d 9 ! ,oikel1 on _! way to a mill4 ,:5 !y ne>$ ! riv] bank a horrid scream f ! wat] /ruck _! e>s4 ',x is ! ,vaicgh1' cri$ ! lad1 :o 0 lead+ ! fir/ horse1 &1 pick+ up "s /ones1 he s5t a %[] ( !m into ! deep pool at 8 feet4 ,%e mu/ h be5 repeat$ly hit1 z %e emitt$ a s]ies ( ! mo/ pi]c+ %rieks4 ',i am afraid1' said ,monro1 't y h n done t "r1 & t %e w play u an ugly trick at ! =d4' ',nev] m9d1 we w take m /ones1' he answ]$1 arm+ himself ) a few4 ,b ! kelpy _h _h en\gh ( /ones = "o night4 ,(f ! ,rh9ns ( ,islay is a small isl& =m]ly us$ = graz+ cattle4 ,a /rong tide sweeps pa/ ! isl&1 mak+ ! cross+ ( ! ,s\nd dang]\s4 ,a /ory1 relat$ by ,mr4 ,campbell1 tells t on a c]ta9 boi/]\s night a woman 0 left 9 *>ge ( a l>ge h]d ( cattle on ! isl&4 ,%e 0 sitt+ 9 h] cab91 :5 all at once %e he>d /range noises outside1 &1 look+ up1 saw a pair ( l>ge eyes gaz+ 9 at h] ?r\gh ! w9d[4 ,! door op5$1 & a /range creature /rode 94 ,he 0 tall & hairy1 ) a livid cov]+ on 8 face in/ead ( sk94 ,he advanc$ t[>ds ! woman & ask$ h] "n4 ,%e repli$ 9 ,gaelic1 ,mise mi ,fh9--,me myself4 ,he !n seiz$ h]4 ,9 h] t]ror %e ?rew a ladleful ( boil+ wat] on ! intrud]4 ,yell+ ) pa9 he b\nd$ out ( ! hut4 ,^! une>?ly voices ask$ :at 0 ! matt]1 & :o _h hurt him8 ,mise mi ,fh9--,me myself1 repli$ ! creature4 ,! answ] 0 receiv$ ) a %\t ( laught] f 8 my/]i\s companions4 ,! woman ru%$ out ( ! hut1 & dislodg+ "o ( ! c[s lay d[n on ! spot1 at ! same "t mak+ a magical circle r\nd h] on ! gr\nd4 ,all night %e he>d t]rible s\nds m+l+ ) ! ro>+ ( ! w9d4 ,9 ! morn+ ! sup]natural manife/ations disappe>$1 & %e felt h]self safe4 ,x _h n f>$1 h[ev]1 s well ) ! c[1 =1 :5 f\nd1 x 0 dead4 ,9 ,*apt] ,i4 ref]5ce 0 made to m]m5 & m]maids1 & little requires to be add$ 9 ! pres5t connection4 ,9 ! s\? ( ,scotl& ! v names ( ^! sea-spirits h a f>-(f s\nd ab\t !m4 ,no "o beside ! ,fir?s ( ,=? & ,clyde expects n[adays to cat* sight ( su* /range =ms sitt+ on rocks1 or play+ among ! break]s2 b among our ,nor!rn ,isles x is o!rwise4 ,e n[ & aga9 7at long int]vals1 p]haps7 ! my/]i\s m]maid makes h] appe>ance1 & gives new life to an old sup]/ition4 ,ab\t ?ree ye>s s9ce1 "o 0 se5 at ,de]ness 9 ,orkney4 ,%e reappe>$ la/ ye>1 & 0 !n notic$ by "s lob/]m5 :o 7 work+ _! creels4 ,%e _h a small black head1 :ite body1 & long arms4 ,some:at lat]1 a creature1 believ$ to be ?is m]maid1 0 %ot n f> f ! %ore1 b ! body 0 n captur$4 ,9 ,june ( ! pres5t ye> ano!r m]maid 0 se5 by ! ,de]ness p4 ,at ,birsay1 rec5tly1 a f>m]'s wife 0 d[n at ! sea-%ore1 & obs]v$ a /range creature among ! rocks4 ,%e w5t back = h] husb&1 & ! two return$ q 9 "t to get a good view ( ! int]e/+ /rang]4 ,! woman spoke ( ! m]maid z a good-look+ p]son2 :ile h] husb& describ$ h] z hav+ a cov]+ ( br[n hair4 ,curiosity seems to h be5 upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( ! c\ple1 = !y tri$ to capture ! creature4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( folklore1 if n ( sci5ce1 %e manag$ to escape1 & 0 quickly lo/ to sight b5ea? ! waves4 ,p]haps1 z ! gurgl+ wat]s clos$ ov] h]1 %e may h utt]$ an au revoir1 or :atev] corresponds to t phrase 9 ! language ( ! sea4 ,! foll[+ /ory ab\t a m]maid1 told by ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,dixon 9 8 ,gairlo*1 publi%$ 9 #ahhf1 is fully cr$it$ 9 ! di/rict :]e ! incid5t occurr$3--,rod]ick ,mack5zie1 ! eld]ly & mu* respect$ boat-build] at ,port ,h5d]son1 :5 a "y man1 w5t "o day to a rocky "p ( ! %ore !re4 ,:il/ ga!r+ bait he sudd5ly spi$ a m]maid asleep among ! rocks4 ,rorie 'w5t =' t m]maid1 & succe$$ 9 seiz+ h] by ! hair4 ,! poor creature 9 great emb>rassm5t cri$ out t if ,rorie w\ld let g %e w\ld grant him :atev] boon he might ask4 ,he reque/$ a pl$ge t no "o %\ld ev] be dr[n$ f any boat he might build4 ,on 8 releas+ h] ! m]maid promis$ t ?is %\ld be s4 ,! promise has be5 kept ?r\gh\t ,rorie's long bus9ess c>e]--8 boats /ill defy ! /ormy w9ds & waves4 ,mr4 ,dixon adds1 ,i am ! happy possessor ( an admirable example ( ,rorie's craft4 ,! mo/ +5i\s fram] ( trade adv]tisem5ts might well take a h9t f ?is v]aci\s anecdote4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,m ,,wat]-,,spirits4 ,wat]-horses & ,wat]-bulls--,highl& ,sup]/ition--,spiritual ,wat]-demon & ,mat]ial ,wat]-mon/]--,wat]-bulls ( ,lo* ,llundavr & ,lo* ,a*tria*tan--,wat]-horses ( ,lo* ,treig--,kelpy ( ,lo* ,ness--,wat]-horse ,bridles--,pontage ,pool--,kelpy's ,footpr9t--,mac,culloch & ,sir ,walt] ,scott--,rec5t ,example ( ,belief 9 ,wat]-mon/]--,t>roo-,u%tey 9 ! ,isle ( ,man--,o!r ,wat]-spirits--,dragon--,black-dog--,fly --,fi%--,de mons--,orig9 ( ,well-wor%ip4 ,s f> we h be5 deal+ ) wat]-spirits m or less human 9 =m4 ,ano!r class consi/s ( ^? ) ! %ape & attributes ( horses & bulls4 ,! memb]s ( ?is class are connect$ specially ) ,highl& di/ricts4 ,lonely lo*s 7 _! fav\rite haunts4 ,9 treeless regions1 a belief 9 su* creatures w\ld naturally arise4 ,any ord9>y animal 9 su* an environm5t w\ld appe> ( a l>g] size ?an usual1 & ! eye ( ! behold] w\ld transmit ! error to 8 imag9ation1 !reby /ill fur!r magnify+ ! creature's bulk4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! notion might arise ev5 :5 !re 0 no animal on ! sc5e4 ,a piece ( rock1 or "s o!r physical feature ( ! l&scape w\ld be en\gh to excite sup]/iti\s fancies4 ,mr4 ,campbell rem>ks1 ,9 ,su!rl& & else:]e1 _m believe t !y h se5 ^! fanci$ animals4 ,i h be5 told ( ,engli% sportsm5 :o w5t 9 pursuit ( !m1 s circum/antial 7 ! acc\nts ( ^? :o believ$ !y _h se5 !m4 ,! witnesses are s num]\s1 & _! te/imony agrees s well1 t !re mu/ be "s old deeply-root$ ,celtic belief :i* clo!s e object ) ! dread$ =m ( ! ,ea* ,uisge1 i4e41 ,wat]-horse4 ,:5 waves appe>$ on a lake1 & !re seem$ no w9d to acc\nt = !m1 sup]/iti\s p readily grasp$ at ! idea t ! ph5om5on 0 due to ! action ( "s my/]i\s wat]-_s4 ,z ,dr4 ,tylor po9ts out1 !re seems to h be5 a confusion betwe5 ! 'spiritual wat]-demon' & ! 'mat]ial wat]-mon/]4' ,any creature f\nd 9 or ne> ! wat] w\ld naturally be reckon$ its gu>dian _s4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/ew>t gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t wat]-horses & wat]-bulls 9 8 ',twixt ,b5 ,nevis & ,gl5coe4 ,!y are ?\ght ( z1 ^u ! :ole1 ( ! same %ape & =m z ! m k9dly quadrup$s aft] :om !y h be5 nam$1 b l>g]1 fi]c]1 & ) an am\nt ( 'devilm5t' & cunn+ ab\t !m1 ( :i* ! latt]1 =tunately1 manife/ no trace4 ,!y are always fat & sleek1 & s full ( /r5g? & _s & life t ! neigh+ ( ! "o & ! bell[+ ( ! o!r frequ5tly awake ! m\nta9 e*oes to _! inmo/ recesses = miles & miles ar\nd4444 ,calves & foals are ! result ( occasional int]c\rse betwe5 ^! animals & _! m civilis$ dome/ic cong5]s1 su* calves be>+ unmi/akable pro(s ( _! mix$ desc5t 9 ! unusual size & p5dul\sness ( _! e>s & ! wide aquatic spread ( _! jet black ho(s2 ! foals1 9 _! clean limbs1 l>ge fla%+ eyes1 r$ di/5d$ no/rils1 & fi]y _s4 ,! initiat$ /ill pret5d to po9t out cattle ) m or less ( ?is que/ionable blood 9 !m1 9 almo/ e drove ( pure ,highl& c[s & heif]s y l to br+ "u _! notice4 ,! lo*s ( ,llundavr & ,a*tria*tan1 9 ,gl5coe1 7 at "o "t fam\s = _! wat]-bulls2 & ,lo* ,treig = its wat]-horses1 believ$ to be ! fi]ce/ specim5s ( t bre$ 9 ! _w4 ,if anyone sugge/$ to a ,lo*ab] or ,ranno* ,highl&] t ! clev]e/ horse-tam] c\ld clap a saddle on "o ( ! demon-/e$s ( ,lo* ,treig1 z he issues 9 ! grey dawn1 snort+1 f 8 cry/al-pav$ sub-lacu/ral /alls1 he w\ld answ]1 ) a look ( m+l$ horror & awe1 ',impossible6' ,! wat]-horse w\ld te> him into a ?\s& pieces ) 8 tee? & trample & p\nd him into pulp ) 8 jet-black1 iron-h>d1 ?\gh un%od ho(s6 ,a not$ demon-/e$ once inhabit$ ,lo* ,ness1 & 0 a cause ( t]ror to ! inhabitants ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,l o!r kelpies1 he 0 9 ! habit ( br[s+ along ! roadside1 all bridl$ & saddl$1 z if wait+ = "s "o to m\nt him4 ,:5 any unw>y travell] did s1 ! kelpy took to 8 heels1 & pres5tly plung$ into deep wat] ) 8 victim on 8 back4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,/ew>t1 9 8 ,highl& ,sup]/itions & ,amusem5ts1 tells a /ory to %[ t ! kelpy 9 "q did n always h ?+s 8 own way4 ,a ,highl&] ( ! "n ( ,mac,grigor resolv$ to ?r[ himself 9 ! way ( ! wat]-horse 9 ! hope ( gett+ ! bett] ( him4 ,! meet+ took place 9 ! solit>y pass ( ,slo*d-,mui*d1 betwe5 ,/ra?spey & ,inv]ness4 ,! kelpy look$ z innoc5t z usual1 & 0 consid]ably />tl$ :5 ,mac,grigor1 sword 9 h&1 /ruck him a bl[ on ! nose4 ,! weapon cut ?r\gh ! bridle1 & ! bit1 fall+ to ! gr\nd1 0 in/antly pick$ up by ,mac,grigor4 ,?is 0 ! turn+ po9t ( ! enc\nt]4 ,! kelpy 0 p[]less )\t 8 bit1 & reque/$ to h x re/or$4 ,?\gh a horse1 ! kelpy _h ! p[] ( human spee*1 & conv]s$1 d\btless 9 excell5t ,gaelic1 ) 8 victor1 us+ v>i\s argum5ts to br+ ab\t ! re/oration ( 8 lo/ prop]ty4 ,f9d+ t ^! 7 unavail+1 he prophesi$ t ,mac,grigor w\ld nev] ent] 8 h\se ) ! bit 9 8 possession1 & :5 !y arriv$ at ! door he plant$ himself 9 front ( x to block ! entrance4 ,! ,highl&]1 h[ev]1 outwitt$ ! kelpy1 =1 go+ r\nd to ! back ( 8 h\se1 he call$ 8 wife & flung ! bit to h] ?r\gh a w9d[4 ,return+ to ! kelpy1 he told him :]e ! bit 01 & assur$ him t he w\ld nev] get x back aga94 ,z !re 0 a r[an cross above ! door ! demon-/e$ c\ld n ent] ! h\se1 & pres5tly dep>t$ utt]+ c]ta9 exclamations n int5d$ = b5$ictions4 ,^? :o d\bt ! tru?fulness ( ! n>rative may h _! d\bts less5$ :5 !y le>n t ?is 0 n ! only case ( a wat]-horse's bit becom+ ! prop]ty ( a human be+4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/ew>t n>rates an anecdote be>+ on ?is4 ,a drov]1 ^: home 0 9 ,ne!r ,lo*ab]1 0 return+ f a m>ket at ,pitlo*ry by way ( ! ,moor ( ,ranno*4 ,night came on2 b1 z ! moon 0 bright1 he cont9u$ 8 j\rney )\t difficulty4 ,on rea*+ ,lo*anna ,cuile1 he sat d[n to refre% himself ) bread1 *eese1 & milk4 ,:ile p>tak+ ( ?is temp]ate repa/ he caught sight ( some?+ glitt]+ on ! gr\nd1 &1 pick+ x up1 he f\nd x to be a horse's bridle4 ,next morn+ he 0 a/oni%$ to f9d t ! bit & buckles 7 ( pure silv] & ! re9s ( s(t & beautifully speckl$ lea!r4 ,he 0 /ill m surpris$ to f9d t ! bit :5 t\*$ 0 unbe>ably hot4 ,a wise woman f a neighb\r+ gl5 0 call$ 9 to solve ! my/]y4 ,%e at once recognis$ ! article to be a wat]-horse's bridle1 & acc\nt$ = ! high temp]ature ( ! bit on ! gr\nd t ! silv] /ill reta9$ ! heat t x possess$ :5 9 a molt5 /ate bel[ gr\nd4 ,! re9s1 %e said1 7 made ( ! sk9 ( a c]ta9 poison\s s]p5t t inhabit$ pools frequ5t$ by wat]-horses4 ,accord+ to h] directions1 ! bridle 0 hung on a cromag or crook ( r[an wood4 ,its pres5ce br\ght a bless+ to ! h\se1 & ! drov] prosp]$ 9 all 8 und]tak+s4 ,:5 he di$1 hav+ no *ildr5 ( 8 own1 he bequea!d ! magical bridle to 8 gr&nephew1 :o prosp]$ 9 8 turn4 ,a pool 9 ! ,nor? ,esk1 9 ,=f>%ire1 call$ ! ,ponage or ,pontage ,pool1 0 at "o "t ! home ( a wat]-horse4 ,?is creature 0 captur$ by means ( a magical bridle1 & kept 9 captivity = "s "t4 ,:ile a prison] he 0 employ$ to c>ry /ones to ,morphie1 :]e a ca/le 0 !n be+ built4 ,"o day ! bridle 0 incauti\sly remov$1 & ! creature vani%$1 b n be=e he exclaim$-- ,sair back an' sair banes1 ,c>ry9' ! ,laird o' ,morphie's /anes2 ,! ,laird o' ,morphie canna ?rive ,z lang's ! kelpy is alive4 ,8 attempt$ v]se-mak+ seems to h gratifi$ ! kelpy1 = :5 he aft]w>ds %[$ himself 9 ! pool he 0 frequ5tly he>d repeat+ ! rhyme4 ,! fate ( ! ca/le 0 disa/r\s4 ,at a lat] date x 0 entirely demoli%$1 & its site n[ alone rema9s4 ,"s six miles f ! ,kirkton ( ,gl5elg1 9 ,inv]ness-%ire1 is ! small %eet ( wat] kn[n 9 ! di/rict z ,john ,mac,innes' ,lo*4 ,x 0 s call$ f a cr(t] ( t "n :o 0 dr[n$ !re4 ,! circum/ances are ?us n>rat$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,cald] ,ross 9 ,scotti% ,notes & ,qu]ies = ,febru>y1 #ahic3 ,john ,mac,innes f\nd ! lab\r ( 8 f>m sadly burd5some4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 sigh+ an unkn[n be+ appe>$ to him & promis$ a horse to him "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,^! conditions ,john und]took to fulfil4 ,"o day1 accord+ly1 he f\nd a f9e horse graz+ 9 "o ( 8 fields4 ,he happ5$ to be pl\gh+ at ! "t1 & at once he yok$ ! animal to ! pl\gh along ) ano!r horse4 ,! /rang] work$ spl5didly1 & he det]m9$ to keep x1 ?\gh he well knew t x 0 f> f canny4 ,e night :5 he /abl$ x he spread "s e>? f a mole's hill ov] x z a *>m2 accord+ to ano!r v]sion he m]ely bless$ ! animal4 ,"o night he =got 8 usual precautions3 p]haps he 0 beg9n+ to feel safe4 ,! horse notic$ ! omission1 & seiz+ poor ,john 9 8 tee?1 gallop$ (f ) him4 ,! two disappe>$ 9 ! lo*4 ,wat]-horses 7 n always malignant 9 disposition4 ,on "o occasion an ,ab]de5%ire f>m] w5t ) 8 own horse to a mill to fet* home "s sacks ( meal4 ,he left ! horse at ! door ( ! mill & w5t 9 to br+ out ! sacks4 ,! bea/1 f9d+ itself free1 />t$ = home4 ,:5 ! f>m] reappe>$ & f\nd ! creature gone he 0 mu* disconc]t$1 & utt]$ ! wi% t he might get any k9d ( horse to c>ry 8 sacks ev5 ?\gh x 7 a wat]-kelpy4 ,to 8 surprise1 a wat]-horse imm$iately appe>$6 ,x quietly all[$ itself to be load$ ) ! meal1 & accompani$ ! f>m] to 8 home4 ,on rea*+ ! h\se he ti$ ! horse to an old h>r[ till he %\ld get ! sacks tak5 into ! h\se4 ,:5 he return$ to /able ! animal t _h done him ! good turn1 horse & h>r[ 7 away1 & he he>d ! bea/ plung+ n f> (f 9 a deep pool 9 ! ,don4 ,if anyone refuses to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( wat]-horses1 let him g to ! p>i% ( ,fe>n1 9 ,=f>%ire1 & !re1 ne> ! ru9$ ca/le ( ,vayne1 he w see on a s&/one rock ! pr9t ( a kelpy's foot4 ,noran ,wat] fl[s bel[ ! ca/le1 & ! my/]i\s creature _h d\btless its home 9 "o ( its pools4 ,9 ,%etl&1 su* kelpies 7 kn[n z ,nuggles1 & %[$ !mselves "u ! =m ( ,%etl& ponies4 ,mac,culloch1 ! au?or ( ,a ,description ( ! ,we/]n ,isl&s ( ,scotl&1 f\nd ! belief 9 ! wat]-bull a liv+ fai? among ! p1 notably among ! dwell]s beside ,lo* ,ranno* & ,lo* ,awe4 ,he tells ( a f>m] :o employ$ 8 sons to se>* a c]ta9 /ream = "o ( ^! creatures1 :ile ! f>m] himself c>ri$ a gun load$ ) sixp5ces to be dis*>g$ :5 ! mon/] appe>$1 silv] alone hav+ any effect on su* bea/s4 ,! same writ]1 :5 speak+ ( ! gr&eur ( ! sc5]y ab\t ,lo* ,coruisk1 rem>ks3--,x is n surpris+ t ,coruisk %\ld be consid]$ by ! natives z ! haunt ( ! wat]-gobl9 or ( spirits /ill m dreadful4 ,a seaman1 & a bold "o1 :om1 on "o occasion1 ,i _h left 9 *>ge ( ! boat1 became s mu* t]rifi$ at f9d+ himself alone t he ran (f to jo9 8 comrades1 leav+ x moor$ to ! rock1 ?\gh 9 dang] ( be+ de/roy$ by ! surge4 ,i aft]w>ds ov]he>d mu* discussion on ! c\rage ( ! ,s\?ron 9 mak+ ! circuit ( ! valley unatt5d$4 ,n return+ till x 0 ne>ly d>k1 x 0 conclud$ t he _h fall5 into ! fangs ( ! kelpy4 ,mac,culloch's ,description consi/s ( a s]ies ( lett]s to ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,sir ,walt] himself has an int]e/+ ref]5ce to ! same sup]/ition 9 8 ,j\rnal1 "u date ,novemb] #bcrd1 #ahbg4 ,aft] enum]at+ ! company at a c]ta9 d9n] p>ty at :i* he _h be5 pres5t1 he cont9ues3 ,clanronald told u1 z an in/ance ( ,highl& cr$ulity1 t a set ( 8 k9sm5--,borradale & o!rs--believ+ t ! fabul\s 'wat]-c[' inhabit$ a small lake ne> 8 h\se1 resolv$ to drag ! mon/] into day4 ,) ?is view !y biv\ack$ by ! side ( ! lake 9 :i* !y plac$1 by way ( night-bait1 two small an*ors su* z belong to boats1 ea* bait$ ) ! c>case ( a dog sla9 = ! purpose4 ,!y expect$ ! 'wat]-c[' w\ld gorge on ?is bait1 & 7 prep>$ to drag h] a%ore ! next morn+1 :51 to _! confusion ( face1 ! baits 7 f\nd unt\*$4 ,x is some?+ too late 9 ! day = sett+ baits = wat]-c[s4 ,if su* conduct seem$ wond]ful 9 #ahbg1 :at w\ld ! au?or ( ,wav]ley h ?\ght _h he kn[n t m ?an half-a-c5tury lat]1 p 9 ! ,highl&s reta9$ a ?or\gh-go+ belief 9 su* mon/]s8 ,no long] ago ?an #ahhd rum\rs 7 curr5t 9 ,ross-%ire t a wat]-c[ 0 se5 9 or ne> a lo* on ! ,gre5/one ,po9t1 9 ,gairlo* p>i%4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,dixon1 9 8 ,gairlo*1 /ates t ab\t #ahdj a wat]-c[ 0 believ$ to inhabit ,lo*-na-,bei/e1 9 ! same p>i%1 & t a s]i\s attempt 0 !n made to de/roy ! creature4 ,! proprietor tri$ to dra9 ! lo*1 :i*1 except at "o po9t1 is little m ?an a fa?om 9 dep?2 b :5 8 ef=ts fail$ he ?rew a quantity ( quicklime into ! wat] to poison ! mon/]4 ,x is reasonable to hold t ! tr\t 7 ! only suff]]s4 ,! creature 9 "q 0 describ$ by two m5 :o saw x z 9 appe>ance l a good siz$ boat ) ! keel turn$ up4 ,belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( wat]-c[s prevail$ 9 ! s\? z well z 9 ! nor? ( ,scotl&4 ,9 ! ,y>r[ di/rict !re 0 "o inhabit+ ,/4 ,m>y's ,lo*4 ,conc]n+ ?is wat]-c[1 ,hogg1 ! ,ettrick ,%eph]d1 writes3 ,a f>m] 9 ,b[]hope once got a bre$ ( h]1 :i* he kept = _m ye>s until !y multipli$ exce$+ly2 & he nev] _h any cattle ?rove s well1 until once1 on "s outrage or disrespect on ! f>m]'s "p t[>ds !m1 ! old dam came out ( ! lake "o pleasant ,m>* ev5+ & gave su* a ro> t all ! surr\nd+ hills %ook aga91 ^u :i* h] prog5y1 n9ete5 9 numb]1 foll[$ h] all quietly into ! lo*1 & 7 nev] m se54 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man ! wat]-bull 01 & p]haps /ill is believ$ 9 by ! peasantry4 ,x is call$ 9 ,manx1 t>roo-u%tey4 ,!re is mu* =ce 9 ,mr4 ,campbell's conclusion t ! old ,celts rev]5c$ a de/roy+ wat]-god1 to :om ! horse 0 sacr$1 or :o assum$ ! =m ( a horse4 ,a simil> notion may h orig9at$ ! belief 9 ! wat]-bull4 ,o!r creatures1 besides ^? already m5tion$1 act$ 9 ! capacity ( wat] spirits4 ,9 ,/ra?m>t91 9 ,=f>%ire1 is a spr+ /yl$ ! ,n9e ,maid5s' ,well4 ,^! maid5s 7 ! daught]s ( a c]ta9 ,donewalde or ,donald 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 & l$1 along ) _! fa!r1 a sa9tly life 9 ! gl5 ( ,ogilvy 9 ! same c\nty4 ,_! spr+ at ,/ra?m>t9 mu/ h be5 well look$ aft]1 = x _h z its gu>dian1 no less =midable a creature ?an a dragon4 ,we d n "k :e!r !re 0 any ,/4 ,george 9 ! vic9ity to dispute possession ) ! mon/]4 ,9 ,kildonan p>i%1 ,su!rl&1 a /agnant pool ( wat]1 "s t5 y>ds long by ?ree broad1 0 reg>d$ by ! inhabitants ) sup]/iti\s dread4 ,accord+ to tradition1 a pot ( gold lay hidd5 bel[2 b no "o c\ld rea* ! treasure z x 0 gu>d$ by a l>ge black dog ) two heads4 ,! ,rev4 ,donald ,sage1 :5 notic+ ?is sup]/ition 9 8 ,memorabilia ,dome/ica1 rem>ks1 ,x is said t a t5ant once _h attempt$ to dra9 ! lo* & _h succe$$1 s t ! wat] 0 all c>ri$ (f4 ,! only remun]ation ! un=tunate agriculturi/ receiv$ 0 to be ar\s$ f 8 midnight slumb]s by a visit f ! black dog1 :i* set up su* a hide\s h[l z made ! hills rev]b]ate & ! poor man almo/ die ) fright4 ,fur!rmore1 ) ?is diabolical music1 he 0 regul>ly s]5ad$ at ! midnight h\r till he _h fill$ up ! dra91 & ! lo* _h resum$ its =m] dim5sions4 ,we d n "k :e!r any lat] attempt 0 made to aboli% ! /agnant pool2 b at any rate a dread ( ! black dog kept x f be+ aga9 dra9$ till well on 9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,su!rl&1 h[ev]1 _c claim a monopoly 9 ! matt] ( a gu>dian _s 9 ! %ape ( a dog4 ,conc]n+ ,h\nd's ,pool 9 ,dean ,combe p>i%1 ,devon1 ! tradition is t x is haunt$ by a h\nd doom$ to keep gu>d till ! pool c be empti$ by a nut%ell ) a hole 9 x4 ,read]s ( ,pev]il ( ! ,peak c h>dly fail to rememb] ! ,moddey ,dhoo--! black demon-dog--t roam$ ?r\gh ,peel ,ca/le1 9 ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,well 9 ,kirkmi*ael p>i%1 ,banff%ire1 _h = its gu>dian _s a mu* small] animal ?an any ( ! above4 ,x %[$ itself 9 ! =m ( a fly t kept skimm+ ov] ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,?is fly 0 believ$ to be immortal4 ,t[>ds ! end ( la/ c5tury ! spr+ lo/ its reputation = its cures1 & ! gu>dian _s %>$ 9 its neglect4 ,! writ] ( ! article on ! p>i%1 9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 m5tions hav+ met an old man :o greatly deplor$ ! deg5]acy ( ! times4 ,a gl[+ picture is giv5 ( ?is old man's desires4 ,if ! infirmities ( ye>s & ! di/ance ( 8 resid5ce did n prev5t him1 he w\ld /ill pay 8 devotional visits to ! well ( ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,he w\ld cle> ! b$ ( its ooze1 op5+ a passage = ! /reamlet1 plant ! bord]s ) fragrant fl[]s1 & once m1 z 9 ! days ( y\?1 enjoy ! pleasure ( see+ ! gu>dian fly skim 9 sportive circles ov] ! bubbl+ waves1 & ) its little proboscis imbibe ! panacean dews4 ,consecrat$ fi% h be5 rev]5c$1 f ( old1 9 ,ea/ & ,we/ alike4 ,9 ,syria1 at ! pres5t day1 su* fi% are pres]v$ 9 f\nta9s2 & anci5tly c]ta9 pools 9 ! /ream1 fl[+ pa/ ,ascalon1 7 ! abodes ( fi% sacr$ to ,d]keto1 ! ,pho5ician ,v5us1 :o _h a temple !re4 ,9 our own l& ! same cult prevail$4 ,a curi\s ,corni% leg5d tells h[ ,/4 ,neot _h 8 well /ock$ ) fi% by an angel4 ,^! fi% 7 always two 9 numb]4 ,day by day1 ! sa9t _h "o = d9n]1 & its place 0 miracul\sly suppli$ to keep up ! prop] numb]4 ,"o day he fell sick1 & 8 s]vant1 contr>y to all ascetic prec$5t1 cook$ bo? & set !m be=e 8 ma/]4 ,! sa9t 0 horrifi$1 & _h bo? ! fi%--cook$ ?\gh !y 7--put back into ! spr+4 ,he s\ght =giv5ess = ! ra% act1 & lo6 ! fi% became alive once m2 & z a fur!r sign t ! sacrilege 0 condon$1 ,/4 ,neot1 on eat+ 8 usual daily portion1 0 at once re/or$ to heal?4 ,9 ,scotl& !re 7 v>i\s spr+s conta9+ consecrat$ fi%4 ,lo* ,siant1 9 ! ,isle ( ,skye1 describ$ by ,mac,culloch z ! haunt ( ! g5tl] spirits ( air & wat]1 ab\nd$ 9 tr\t2 b1 z ,m>t9 in=ms u1 nei!r ! natives nor /rang]s ev] d>$ to kill any ( !m on acc\nt ( ! e/eem 9 :i* ! wat] 0 held4 ,?is sup]/ition seems to h be5 specially *]i%$ 9 ! isl&1 = ,m>t9 fur!r says1 ,i saw a little well 9 ,kilbride1 9 ! s\? ( ,skie1 ) "o ,tr\t only 9 x2 ! natives are v t5d] ( x1 & ?\gh !y (t5 *ance to cat* x 9 _! wood5 pales1 !y are v c>eful to pres]ve x f be+ de/roy$2 x has be5 !re = _m ye>s4 ,9 a well ne> ! *ur* ( ,kilmore1 9 ,lorne1 7 two fi%es held 9 mu* respect 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & call$ by ! p ( ! di/rict1 ,easg ,seant1 i4e41 holie fi%es4 ,f ,dalyell's ,d>k] ,sup]/itions ( ,scotl& we le>n t1 l ^? belong+ to ,/4 ,neot1 !y 7 always two 9 numb]3 !y nev] v>i$ 9 size3 9 col\r !y 7 black1 & accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! mo/ ag$ p]sons _! hue nev] alt]$4 ,9 ,tob] ,ki]an1 ne> ,kells1 ,c\nty ,mea?1 ,irel&1 7 two miracul\s tr\t :i* nev] *ang$ _! appe>ance4 ,a ,/ra?don leg5d1 n>rat$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor1 ?us acc\nts = ! appe>ance ( fi% 9 ,tob> ,va*>1 i4e41 ,/4 ,ma*>'s ,well1 at ,corg>ff1 a spr+ =m]ly held 9 high hon\r on acc\nt ( its cures3--,once !re 0 a fam9e 9 ! di/rict1 & n a few 7 dy+ ( hung]4 ,! prie/'s h\se /ood n f> f ! well4 ,"o day1 dur+ ! fam9e1 8 h\sekeep] came to him & told him t _! /ock ( food 0 exhau/$1 & t !re 0 no m to be got 9 ! di/rict4 ,! prie/ left ! h\se1 w5t to ! well1 & cri$ to ,/4 ,ma*> = help4 ,on 8 return he told ! s]vant to g to ! well ! next morn+ at sunrise1 walk ?ree times r\nd x1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/1 )\t look+ into x1 & draw f x a draught ( wat] = him4 ,%e c>ri$ out ! reque/4 ,on /oop+ d[n to draw ! wat]1 %e saw ?ree f9e salmon swimm+ 9 ! well4 ,!y 7 caught1 & s]v$ ! two z food1 till supply came to ! fam9e-/rick5 di/rict f o!r qu>t]s4 ,accord+ to a ,h]e=d%ire tradition1 a fi% ) a gold5 *a9 r\nd x 0 caught 9 ! riv] ,dore1 & 0 aft]w>ds kept 9 ! spr+ :5ce ! riv] fl[s4 ,at ,pet]*ur*1 9 t c\nty1 is a sculptur$ /one be>+ a rude repres5tation ( ! fi% 9 "q4 ,sometimes ! gu>dian _s ( a lo* or well 0 ?\ght ( 9 ! vague/ possible way4 ,9 t case ! g5ius loci _h nei!r "n nor %ape ( any k9d1 ! leav+ ( an (f]+ be+ ! only recognition ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,occasionally ! presid+ _s 0 pictur$ 9 ! popul> imag9ation 9 ! guise ( a demon1 commonly ) a hazy p]sonality4 ,call[ ,pit1 9 ,norfolk1 0 believ$ to conta9 a treasure-*e/ gu>d$ by su* a be+4 ,on "o occasion an attempt to raise ! *e/ 0 made1 & 0 on ! v]ge ( be+ successful1 :5 "o ( ! treasure-hunt]s defi$ ! devil to get 8 own aga94 ,sudd5ly ! *e/ 0 snat*$ d[n into ! pit1 & ! r+1 atta*$ to ! lid1 alone rema9$ to tell its tale4 ,?is r+ 0 aft]w>ds fix$ to ! door ( ,s\?wood ,*ur*4 ,at ,wav]tree1 9 ,lanca%ire1 once /ood a mona/]y & beside x 0 a well4 ,:5 pilgrims arriv$1 ! occupants ( ! mona/]y receiv$ _! alms4 ,if no?+ 0 giv51 a demon1 *a9$ to ! bottom ( ! well1 0 said to laugh4 ,?is notion 0 ei!r orig9at$ or p]petuat$ by a fifte5? c5tury ,lat9 inscription to ?is effect1 ,qui non dat quad habet4 ,daemon infra ridet4 ,:5 wells 7 d$icat$ to ,*ri/ian sa9ts1 ! latt] 7 usually consid]$ ! gu>dians ( ! sacr$ wat]4 ,?is 0 natural en\gh4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ,/4 ,mi*ael 0 suppos$ to wat* ov] a spr+1 :y %\ld n 8 aid h be5 s\ght 9 connection ) any wi%$-= cure8 ,x is int]e/+1 h[ev]1 to note t ?is 0 n s 9 e in/ance4 ,9 _m cases ! fav\rite1 because fav\rable "t = visit+ a sacr$ spr+1 0 n ! fe/ival ( ! sa9t to :om x 0 d$icat$1 b1 z we %all see h]eaft]1 a day q di/9ct f su* fe/ival4 ,petitions1 too1 7 frequ5tly address$ n to ! sa9t ( ! well1 b to "s be+ ) a "* possess+ few] ,*ri/ian attributes4 ,all ?is po9ts to ! fact t ! orig9 ( well-wor%ip is to be s\ght1 n 9 ! leg5ds ( m$ival ,*ri/ianity1 b 9 ! crude fancies ( an e>li] paganism4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,(f]+s ,,at ,,lo*s ,,& ,,spr+s4 ,votive ,(f]+s--,gifts usually ( ,small ,value--,t\bir-nim-buadh --,rumbl+ ,well--,hea?--,rags--,/4 ,walla*'s ,ba?--,p9s at ,/4 ,walla*'s ,well--,luck9ess ( ,?+s ,crook$--,p9s ,ris+ 9 ,wells --,tob>-na-,glas-a-,coille--,lix ,well--,pebbles--,co9s--,/4 ,j]gon's ,well--,silv] ,wells--,brass ,well--,well at ,avo* ,ca/le--,introduction ( ,lo* ,katr9e ,wat] into ,glasg[--,"s ,glasg[ ,spr+s--,/4 ,!new's ,well--,/4 ,w9ifr$'s ,well--,dr4 ,patrick ,&]son--,(f]+s 9 ,france--,gifts 9 ,consecrat$ ,build+s--,philosophy ( ,votive ,(f]+s--,infection 9 ,folklore--,safety ( ,(f]+s--,transf]5ce ( ,disease--,results ( ,!ft ( ,(f]+s--,p5nies 9 ,holy ,lo*-- ,money 9 ,cla*-nan-,sul--,well-,dress+--,n ,f\nd 9 ,scotl&-- ,fe/ival at ,tiss+ton--,roman & ,engli% ,font9alia--,royal ,oak-,day at ,endon4 ,(f]+s at lo*s & spr+s h be5 incid5tally m5tion$ m ?an once1 b ! subject is "o des]v+ sep>ate treatm5t4 ,wells 7 n m]ely s mu* wat]1 ) /ones & turf r\nd !m1 & lo*s1 %eets ( wat]1 encompass$ by moorl& or =e/4 ,!y 71 z we h se51 ! haunts ( spirits1 propiti\s if rememb]$1 b res5tful if neglect$4 ,h5ce no "o ?\ght x prop] to come to !m empty-h&$4 ,! pr9ciple 01 no gift1 no cure4 ,classical lit]ature conta9s allusions to su* votive (f]+s4 ,numa sacrific$ a %eep to a f\nta91 & ,horace promis$ to (f] to 8 sweet ,b&usian spr+ a kid n )\t fl[]s4 ,ne> ,t\l\se1 9 ,france1 0 a sacr$ lake1 into ^: wat] ! neighb\r+ tribes anci5tly ?rew (f]+s ( gold & silv]4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! gifts 71 z a rule1 ( small intr9sic value4 ,:5 speak+ ( ,t\bir-nim-buadh1 9 ,/4 ,kilda1 ,macaulay says3--,ne> ! f\nta9 /ood an alt> on :i* ! di/ress$ vot>ies laid d[n _! oblations4 ,be=e !y c\ld t\* ! sacr$ wat] ) any prospect ( success1 x 0 _! con/ant practice to address ! g5ius ( ! place ) supplication & pray]4 ,no "o approa*$ him ) empty h&s4 ,b ! devotees 7 abundantly frugal4 ,! (f]+s1 pres5t$ by !m1 7 ! poore/ ackn[l$gm5ts t c\ld be made to a sup]ior be+1 f :om !y _h ei!r hopes or fe>s4 ,%ells & pebbles1 rags ( l951 or /uffs worn out1 p9s1 ne$les1 or ru/y nails1 7 g5]ally all ! tribute t 0 paid2 & sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely en\gh1 copp] co9s ( ! smalle/ value4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is well is ?us describ$ by ! au?or ( ,ecclesiological ,notes3--,a l[ squ>e-%ap$ massy /one build+ ) a /one ro(1 cov]s ! spr+1 :i*1 aft] =m+ a pool 9 ! floor ( ! cell1 runs d[n ! russet slope l a ?read ( silv] to jo9 ! /ream 9 ! valley4 ,! (f]+s1 made by ! ,/4 ,kildians1 7 inde$ mu* ! same z ^? commonly made 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,we get a glimpse ( :at 0 done 9 ! s\? ( ,scotl& f ,symson1 :o1 9 8 qua9t ,description ( ,gall[ay1 rem>ks3--,9 ?is p>i% ( ,bootle1 ab\t a mile f ! kirk1 t[>ds ! nor?1 is a well call$ ! ,rumbl+ ,well1 frequ5t$ by a multitude ( sick p = all sorts ( diseases ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may2 ly+ !re ! ,saturday night1 & !n dr9k+ ( x e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,!re is also ano!r well1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile di/ant f ! =m]1 t[>ds ! ea/4 ,?is well is made use ( by ! c\ntry p :5 _! cattle are tr\bl$ ) a disease call$ by !m ! ,conno*4 ,?is wat] !y c>ry 9 vessels to _m p>ts & wa% _! bea/s ) x1 & give x !m to dr9k4 ,x is1 too1 rememb]$ t at bo? ! wells !y leave beh9d !m some?+ by way ( a ?ank-(f]+4 ,at ! fir/1 !y leave ei!r money or clo!s2 at ! second1 !y leave ! b&s & %ackles :]e) bea/s are usually b\nd4 ,! objects1 commonly left on ! cairns beside ! ,holy ,pool 9 ,/ra?fillan1 h already be5 enum]at$4 ,9 addition1 bun*es ( hea?1 ti$ ) wor/$1 7 occasionally left4 ,! ,*eese ,well1 on ,m9*moor1 9 ,peebles%ire1 0 s call$ f ! pieces ( *eese ?r[n into x by pass]s-by z (f]+s to ! fairies4 ,ar\nd a c]ta9 spr+ ne> ,newca/le1 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ! bu%es 7 s cov]$ ) %r$s ( clo?+ t ! spr+ w5t by ! "n ( ! ,rag ,well4 ,at ,/4 ,oswald's ,well1 ne> ! foot ( ,roseb]ry ,topp+1 9 ,york%ire1 ! pieces ( clo? 7 s num]\s t1 z a spectator once rem>k$1 !y might h made a fair ream 9 a pap]-mill4 ,a contributor to ,notes & ,qu]ies1 9 #ahgf1 obs]ves3--,! cu/om ( hang+ %r$s ( rags on trees z votive (f]+s /ill obta9s 9 ,irel&4 ,i rememb] z a *ild to h be5 surreptiti\sly tak5 by an ,iri% nurse to ,/4 ,john's ,well1 ,aghada1 ,c\nty ,cork1 on ! vigil ( ! sa9t's day1 to be cur$ ( :oop+-c\gh by dr9k+ ?ree times ( ! wat] ( ! holy well4 ,i %all nev] =get ! /range spectacle ( m5 & wom51 creep+ on _! knees 9 volunt>y devotion1 or 9 ob$i5ce to enjo9$ p5ance1 s _m times r\nd ! well1 :i* 0 protect$ by a grey /one hood1 & _h a few :ite ?orn trees gr[+ ne> x1 on ! sp9es ( :i* flutt]$ innum]able %r$s ( frieze & v>y-col\r$ rags1 ! votive (f]+s ( devotees & pati5ts4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 also1 ! cu/om ( hang+ up rags 0 at "o "t mu* 9 vogue4 ,9 ,malew p>i% !re is ,*ibb]-,und91 signify+ ! ,f\ndation ,well1 s call$ f ! f\ndations ( a n[ almo/ oblit]at$ *apel h>d by4 ,! ritual practis$ at ! well is ?us describ$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,moore 9 8 ,surnames & ,place-names ( ! ,isle ( ,man3--,! pati5ts :o came to x1 took a m\?ful ( wat]1 reta9+ x 9 _! m\?s till !y _h twice walk$ r\nd ! well4 ,!y !n took a piece ( clo? f a g>m5t :i* !y _h worn1 wett$ x f ! wat] f ! well1 & hung x on ! haw?orn tree :i* grew !re4 ,:5 ! clo? _h rott$ away ! cure 0 suppos$ to be effect$4 ,evid5ce f ,wales to ! same effect is furni%$ by ,pr(essor ,rhys 9 ,folklore = ,septemb]1 #ahib4 ,he !re gives ! foll[+ in=mation1 lately s5t to him by a fri5d1 ab\t a ,glamorgan%ire holy well situat$ betwe5 ,coy*ur* & ,br$gl$3--,x is ! cu/om1 he writes1 = p suff]+ f any malady to dip a rag 9 ! wat]1 & ba! ! affect$ "p4 ,! rag is !n plac$ on a tree close to ! well4 ,:5 ,i pass$ x1 ab\t ?ree ye>s ago1 !re 7 hundr$s ( ^! %r$s cov]+ ! tree1 & "s _h evid5tly be5 plac$ !re v rec5tly4 ,pr(essor ,rhys also ref]s to o!r ,glamorgan%ire spr+s :]e rags are to be se5 hang+ on trees4 ,scotti% examples ( ! same sup]/ition are num]\s4 ,at ,montblairie1 9 ,banff%ire1 pieces ( l95 & wooll5 /uffs 7 hung on ! b\ghs beside a consecrat$ well1 & f>?+s & bodles 7 ?r[n into ! spr+ itself4 ,! bu%es ar\nd a well at ,h\/on1 9 ,r5frew%ire1 7 at "o "t ! recipi5ts ( _m a rag4 ,hugh ,mill]1 :o took s ke5 an int]e/ 9 all su* relics ( sup]/ition1 has n fail$ to notice ! cu/om z practis$ ne> 8 native t[n ( ,crom>ty4 ,9 8 ,sc5es & ,leg5ds ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 he says3--,x is n yet tw5ty ye>s s9ce a ?orn bu%1 :i* =m$ a little canopy ov] ! spr+ ( ,/4 ,b5net1 us$ to be cov]$ anew e season ) little pieces ( rag1 left on x z (f]+s to ! sa9t by sick p :o came to dr9k ( ! wat]4 ,/4 ,walla*'s ,ba?1 9 ,/ra?dev]on1 0 a popul> heal?-resort till ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,non-?riv+ *ildr5 7 br\ght to x annually 9 l>ge numb]s4 ,no long] ago ?an #ahgd an invalid f ! seaside s\ght its aid4 ,! ba?--a cavity 9 ! rock fully a y>d 9 dep?--is close to ! riv]1 & is suppli$ ) wat] f a scanty spr+1 sev]al y>ds high] up ! slope4 ,! supply trickles ov] ! edge ( ! ba? into ! riv]1 "s f\r feet bel[4 ,a bib or o!r "p ( ! *ild's clo?+ 0 hung on a neighb\r+ tree or ?r[n into ! ba?4 ,sometimes :5 ! ,dev]on 0 9 flood1 x subm]g$ ! ba?1 & swept ^! (f]+s d[n to ! sea4 ,z previ\sly m5tion$1 ,/4 ,walla*'s ,well1 h>d by1 0 mu* resort$ to = ! cure ( sore eyes4 ,p9s 7 ! usual (f]+s4 ,!y 7 left 9 a hole 9 a /one beside ! well4 ,may 0 ! fav\rite season = visit+ ! spr+1 & by ! end ( ! mon? ! hole 0 (t5 full ( p9s4 ,?is 0 ! case d[n to a comp>atively rec5t date4 ,(f]+s1 su* z p9s1 7 (t5 ?r[n into ! well itself in/ead ( be+ left beside its m>g94 ,ne> ,wool]1 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 on ! s\!rn slopes ( ! ,*eviots1 is a spr+ locally /yl$ ! ,p9 ,well4 ,a fairy 0 believ$ to make x h] home1 & maid5s1 z !y pass$1 dropp$ 9 a crook$ p9 to ga9 h] good graces4 ,crook$ p9s 7 r popul>1 any?+ s b5t--e4g41 a crook$ sixp5ce--be+ deem$ lucky4 ,9 ! case ( m ?an "o ,engli% spr+ ! notion prevail$ t1 :5 a p9 0 ?r[n 91 ! vot>y w\ld see ! p9s already !re rise to meet ! newcom]4 ,b fai? 0 ess5tial4 ,o!rwise ! my/]i\s vision w\ld be )held4 ,we d n "k t a correspond+ belief prevail$ nor? ( ! ,twe$4 ,betwe5 ! gl5s ( ,corg>ff & ,gl5gairn 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 is ! spr+ kn[n z ,tob>-na-,glas-a-,coille or ,! ,well 9 ! ,grey ,wood4 ,a p9 or o!r piece ( metal _h to be dropp$ into x by anyone tak+ a draught ( its wat]4 ,:oev] neglect$ ?is duty1 & at any "t aft]w>ds aga9 drew wat] f ! spr+1 0 doom$ to die ( ?ir/4 ,"s ( ^! votive p9s 7 f\nd at ! bottom ( ! well1 no long] ago ?an ! autumn ( #ahia4 ,probably v few travell]s by ! ,call&] & ,oban railway are aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( an int]e/+1 b n[ neglect$ holy well1 only a few y>ds di/ant f ! l9e4 ,x is situat$ at ! entrance ( rugg$ ,gl5 ,ogle1 & f ! spot a f9e view c be _h ( ,b5 ,law]s1 ,b5 ,m1 & ,b5 ,loy4 ,! well is on ,we/] ,lix f>m1 & is locally kn[n z ! ,lix ,well4 ,! spr+ rises 9 "o ( ! _m hillocks 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! top ( ! hillock _h be5 levell$4 ,r\nd ! spr+ is built a wall ( /one & turf1 ab\t two feet 9 height1 & %ap$ l a horse-%oe1 ! op5+ be+ to ! ea/4 ,! di/ance across ! enclos$ space is ab\t f\rte5 feet4 ,9 ! c5tre is ! well1 9 ! =m ( a p>allelogram1 two feet by "o & a half1 ) a long dra9 lead+ f x ?r\gh ! op5+ ( ! horse-%oe4 ,?is dra9 0 at "o "t cov]$ ) flag/ones4 ,f\r %apely l9tels ( micace\s s*i/ enclose ! well4 ,! spot us$ to be frequ5t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 ! wall already ref]r$ to =m+ a conv5i5t re/+-place = visitors4 ,qu>tz pebbles 7 ! fav\rite (f]+s on ^! occasions4 ,imm$iately beh9d ! well1 q a small cairn ( !m c /ill be se54 ,pebbles 7 among ! *eape/ possible (f]+s1 ! only co/ be+ ! tr\ble ( pick+ !m up4 ,co9s 7 r m exp5sive2 b1 z !y 7 commonly ( small value1 ! outlay 0 trifl+ ev5 9 _! case4 ,! m f]v5t ! zeal ( ! vot>y1 ! great] w\ld d\btless be ! l5g? he or %e w\ld g 9 ! matt] ( exp5se4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,culsalmond1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 a gold co9 ( ,james ,i4 ( ,scotl& 0 f\nd associat$ ) an anci5t heal+-well4 ,su* lib]ality1 h[ev]1 0 r>e4 ,aft] describ+ ,/4 ,maelrubha's ,well on ,innis ,m>ee 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 volume iv41 ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell obs]ves1 ,ne> x /&s an oak tree1 :i* is /udd$ ) nails4 ,to ea* ( ^! 0 orig9ally atta*$ a piece ( ! clo?+ ( "s pati5t :o _h visit$ ! spot4 ,!re are hundr$s ( nails1 & "o has /ill fa/5$ to x a fad$ ribbon4 ,two bone buttons & two buckles we also f\nd nail$ to ! tree4 ,c\ntless p5nies & halfp5nies are driv5 edge-ways into ! wood--ov] _m ! b>k is clos+1 ov] _m x has already clos$4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s1 ano!r visitor f ! s\? exam9$ "o ( ! co9s /uck into ! tree4 ,x 0 o/5sibly silv]1 b prov$ on exam9ation to be c\nt]feit4 ,! pilgrim1 :o left x z an (f]+1 evid5tly ?\ght t ! sa9t c\ld be easily impos$ ^u4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! p9s1 ! co9s1 giv5 z (f]+s 71 z a rule1 ?r[n into ! spr+ itself4 ,z an example1 we may cite ! case ( ,/4 ,j]gon's or ,/4 ,qu]don's ,well 9 ,troque] p>i%1 ,kirkcudbright%ire4 ,9 an article 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,dumfries & ,gall[ay ,natural ,hi/ory ,society = #ahgj1 ,mr4 ,patrick ,dudgeon rem>ks1 ,tak+ advantage ( ! v dry summ] ( la/ ye> :5 ! spr+ 0 unusually l[1 ,i _h ! well ?or\ghly clean$ out & put 9 ord]1 x hav+ be5 almo/ oblit]at$ by cattle be+ all[$ to use x z a wat]+-place4 ,sev]al hundr$s ( co9s 7 f\nd at ! bottom--almo/ all be+ ( ! smalle/ description ( copp] co91 dat+ f ! "t ( ,elizabe? to t ( ,george ,,iii4444 ,none 7 ( any p>ticul> int]e/ or value2 ! greate/ numb] are ,scotti%1 & belong to ! "t ( ,james ,,vi41 ,*>les ,i41 & ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! circum/ance t no co9s 7 f\nd ( an old] date ?an ! reign ( ,elizabe? is n at all conclusive t (f]+s ( a simil> nature _h n be5 made at mu* e>li] p]iods4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! olde/ co9s are ! ?9ne/1 & t1 al?\gh _m are z ?9 z a %eet ( writ+ pap]1 ! leg5d on !m is p]fectly di/9ct & legible2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 w\ld n h be5 ! case _h ! ?9n+ process be5 ow+ to we> & te>4 ,:5 fir/ tak5 out1 !y 7 p]fectly bright--z new copp]--& _h all ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 subject$ to ! action ( an acid4 ,some?+ 9 ! wat] has act$ v sl[ly z a solv5t on ! metal1 &1 act+ q equally ov] ! :ole surface1 has r$uc$ ! co9s to _! pres5t /ate3 x is1 !re=e1 reasonable to conclude t1 ow+ to ! solv5t prop]ties ( ! wat]1 any co9s ?r[n into ! well ant]ior to ! date ( ^? f\nd may h be5 completely dissolv$4 ,mr4 ,dudgeon m5tions hav+ be5 told by old p 9 ! neighb\rhood1 t !y rememb]$ ! "t1 :5 rags & ribbons 7 hung on ! bu%es ar\nd ! well4 ,x is a rem>kable circum/ance t ev5 s9ce ! clean+ out ( ! spr+ above ref]r$ to1 co9s h be5 ?r[n into x4 ,a rec5t exam9ation ( ! spot br\ght ^! to light1 & %[$ ! p]si/5ce ( ?is curi\s phase ( well-wor%ip4 ,:at w\ld be /yl$ a collection 9 silv] 9 mod]n ecclesia/ical language 0 sometimes reg>d$ ) special fav\r4 ,! "n ( ! ,silv] ,wells 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry c ?us be acc\nt$ =4 ,!re is a ,sill] ,well 9 ,wal/on p>i%1 ,lan>k%ire4 ,arbroa?1 9 ,=f>%ire2 ,alvah1 9 ,banff%ire2 & ,fras]burgh1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 h ea* _! ,silv] ,well4 ,at ,turriff1 9 ! la/-m5tion$ c\nty1 !re is a f>m on ! e/ate ( ,gask call$ ,silv] ,wells aft] a local spr+4 ,at ,trelevean1 9 ,cornwall1 is a spr+ kn[n z ! ,brass ,well4 ,its "n1 h[ev]1 is d]iv$ n f ! nature ( ! (f]+s left !re1 b f ! col\r ( ! scum on its surface4 ,close to ! ru9s ( ,avo* ,ca/le1 9 ! ,black ,isle1 is a well holl[$ out ( ! conglom]ate rock4 ,tradition says1 t ! treasures ( ! ca/le 7 ?r[n into x ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is 0 done1 n by way ( (f]+ a gift to ! presid+ _s ( ! wat]1 b to prev5t ! valuables f fall+ into ! h&s ( ,cromwell's troops4 ,a diamond r+ 0 dropp$1 n v long ago1 into ,/4 ,molio's ,well1 on ,holy ,isl&1 ne> ,lamla%4 ,x fell into ! wat] by accid5t1 &1 aft] rema9+ 9 x = "s "t1 0 f\nd & re/or$ to its own]4 ,! pres5t ample wat]-supply ( ,glasg[ f ,lo* ,katr9e 0 introduc$ 9 #ahei4 ,= ab\t fifty ye>s be=e t date1 ! city look$ ma9ly to ! ,clyde = ! supply ( its daily ne$s4 ,/ill e>li]1 x dep5d$ entirely on its wells4 ,9 #agcf ^! are believ$ to h numb]$ ab\t ?irty 9 all4 ,among ! be/ kn[n 7 ! ,deanside or ,mead[ ,well1 ,bogle's ,well1 ,b>rasyett ,well ne> ! foot ( ,saltm>ket1 ! ,prie/'s or ,m9i/]'s ,well & ,lady ,well beside ! ,mol5d9>1 ! ,arns ,well 9 ! ,gre5--s-call$ f ! ald]s on its br9k1 & ,/4 ,!new's ,well1 ne> :at is n[ ,/4 ,eno*'s ,squ>e4 ,n f> f ! well 0 a *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,!new1 ) a gravey>d r\nd x4 ,"s rema9s ( ! *apel 7 to be se5 9 #agcf1 :5 ,m',ure wrote 8 hi/ory ( ! city4 ,dr4 ,&rew ,mac,george1 9 8 ,old ,glasg[1 :5 describ+ ,/4 ,!new's ,well1 rem>ks1 ,x 0 %ad$ by an old tree :i* droop$ ov] ! well1 & :i* rema9$ till ! end ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,on ?is tree1 ! devotees1 :o frequ5t$ ! well1 7 accu/om$ to nail1 z ?ank-(f]+s1 small bits ( t9-iron--probably manufactur$ = t purpose by a craftsman 9 ! neighb\rhood--repres5t+ ! p>ts ( ! body suppos$ to h be5 cur$ by ! virtues ( ! sacr$ spr+1 su* z eyes1 h&s1 feet1 e>s1 & o!rs4 ,dr4 ,mac,george fur!r m5tions t ! well 0 clean$ out ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,on t occasion !re 7 pick$ out f among ! debris at ! bottom sev]al ( ^! old votive (f]+s :i* _h dropp$ into x f ! tree1 ! /ump ( :i* 0 at t "t /ill /&+4 ,horace tells ( a %ipwreck$ sailor1 hang+ up 8 g>m5ts1 z a ?ank-(f]+ 9 ! temple ( ! div9ity :o deliv]$ him f ! angry sea4 ,9 l mann]1 ,p5nant describes :at he saw at ,/4 ,w9ifr$'s ,well1 9 ,nor? ,wales4 ,all infirmities1 he says1 incid5t to ! human body1 met ) relief2 ! votive crut*es1 ! b>r[s & o!r pro(s ( cures1 to ?is mom5t rema9 z evid5ce p5d5t ov] ! well4 ,9 8 ,spr+ ( ,k+horn ,craig1 publi%$ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #afah1 ,dr4 ,patrick ,&]son has "s curi\s rem>ks on ! subject ( votive (f]+s4 ,he speaks ( wells z be+ all tape/ri$ ab\t ) old rags1 z c]ta9e signes & sacram5ts :]e) !y arle ! well ) ane arls-p5nie ( _! heal?4 ,he cont9ues1 ,s suttle is t false knave mak+ !m believe t x is only ! virtue ( ! wat]1 & no ?+ else4 ,su* p _c say ) ,david1 ',! ,"l is my help]1' b ! ,devill4 ,:at c /ill be se5 on ! o!r side ( ! ,engli% ,*annel is ?us describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,n4 ,b>ham1 9 an article on ,ragg$ ,relics1 9 ,! ,antiqu>y = ,janu>y1 #ahic3--;,at ,wi]re ,effroy1 9 ,france1 :]e ! wat] ( ,/4 ,godele9e's ,well is e/eem$ efficaci\s = ague1 rheumatism1 g\t1 & all affections ( ! limbs1 a het]og5e\s collection ( crut*es1 b&ages1 coils ( rags1 & o!r reject$ adjuncts ( m$ical treatm5t1 is to be se5 hang+ ^u ! surr\nd+ %rubs4 ,!y are int5d$ z ?ank-(f]+s & te/imonies ( re/oration4 ,o!r spr+s1 fam\s = cur+ oph?almia1 ab\nd 9 ! same di/rict1 & "h too1 b&ages1 %ades1 gu>ds1 & rags innum]able are exhibit$4 ,! leav+ ( (f]+s at wells f9ds a p>allel 9 ! practice1 at "o "t common1 ( deposit+ gifts 9 consecrat$ build+s4 ,! *apel ( ,/4 ,te>s1 9 ! p>i% ( ,wick1 ,cai?ness1 us$ to be visit$ on ,*ild]mas 7,decemb] #bh?7 by devotees1 :o left 9 x pieces ( bread & *eese z (f]+s to ! s\ls ( ! ,holy ,innoc5ts sla9 by ,h]od4 ,?is 0 done till ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,till ev5 a lat] date x 0 cu/om>y = ! inhabitants ( ,mirel&orn to g to ! ,kirk ( ,moss1 9 ! same p>i%1 on ,*ri/mas be=e sunrise4 ,!y took bread & *eese z (f]+s1 & plac$ !m along ) a silv] co9 on a c]ta9 /one4 ,! ,kirk ( ,moss 0 d$icat$ to ,du?ac1 patron sa9t ( ,ta92 & ! gifts 7 d\btless de/9$ = him4 ,on ,eilean ,mr is a *apel said to h be5 built by ,*>maig1 ! tutel> sa9t ( ! isl&4 ,9 a recess 9 ?is build+ is a /one c(f91 anci5tly us$ = ! int]m5t ( prie/s4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t occurs 9 ! ,old ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&3--,! c(f91 also1 = ages back1 has s]v$ ! sa9t z a treasury2 & ?is1 p]haps1 might be ! purpose = :i* x 0 orig9ally int5d$4 ,till ( late1 n a /rang] set foot on ! isl& :o did n conciliate 8 fav\r by dropp+ a small co9 into a *9k betwe5 its cov] & side4 ,:5 we exam9e ! motives prompt+ to ! practice "u review1 we c discov] ! work+ ( a pr9ciple1 vaguely grasp$ p]haps1 b suffici5tly und]/ood to s]ve z a guide to action4 ,?is crude philosophy 0 two-fold4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! gift left at a lo* or spr+ 0 :at has be5 faceti\sly /yl$ a reta9+ fee4 ,x secur$ ! goodwill ( ! g5ius loci1 & !reby gu>ante$ to a c]ta9 ext5t ! fulfilm5t ( ! suppliant's desire4 ,?is desire1 z we h se51 0 commonly ! removal ( a def9ite disease4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! disease to be remov$ 0 9 "s my/]i\s way id5tifi$ ) ! (f]+4 ,! latt] 0 ! symbol1 or r ! embodim5t ( ! =m]1 &1 accord+ly1 to leave ! gift 0 to leave ! ailm5t--! pati5t be+ ?us fre$ f bo?4 ,! coroll>y to ?is 01 t :oev] remov$ ! (f]+ took away also ! disease repres5t$ by x4 ,accord+ to a well-e/abli%$ law ( m$ical sci5ce1 infection is transf]r$ f "o p]son to ano!r by clo?+1 or inde$ by :atev] comes into contact ) ! morbid p>ticles f ! pati5t's body4 ,b infection 9 folklore is some?+ diff]5t f ?is4 ,disease ( any k9d1 :e!r usually reckon$ infecti\s or n1 pass$ via ! (f]+ to ! p]son lift+ x4 ,h5ce su* gifts _h a *>m$ exi/5ce1 & 7 z safe z if "u ! sweep ( ! ,anci5t ,monum5ts ,protection ,act4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor ?us expresses ! feel+ on ?is po9t1 z x prevail$ till lately 9 ! nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl&3--,no "o w\ld h be5 foolh>dy en\gh to h ev5 t\*$ :at _h be5 left1 f> less to h c>ri$ x (f4 ,a *ild1 or "o :o did n "k1 0 mo/ c>efully in/ruct$ :y su* ?+s 7 left 9 & ar\nd ! well1 & /rict *>ge 0 laid n to t\* or c>ry any ( !m (f4 ,:oev] c>ri$ (f "o ( su* relics contract$ ! disease ( ! "o :o left x4 ,! notion t disease c be transf]r$ lies at ! root ( v>i\s folk-cures4 ,dalyell1 9 8 ,d>k] ,sup]/itions1 rem>ks1 ,x is said t1 9 ! ,highl&s1 a cat is wa%$ 9 ! wat] :i* has s]v$ = ! ablution ( an invalid1 z if ! disease absorb$ f "o liv+ creature c\ld be receiv$ by ano!r1 in/ead ( be+ let free4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,highl&s1 a common cure = an ail+ c[ 0 to make ! animal swall[ a live tr\t1 s t ! disease might pass f ! "o creature to ! o!r4 ,?is 0 done n long ago1 at a f>m ne> ,golspie1 9 ,su!rl&4 ,9 ,norfolk1 z a rem$y = :oop+-c\gh1 a spid] 0 caught1 ti$ up 9 a piece ( musl91 & p9n$ ov] ! mantelpiece4 ,! c\gh disappe>$ :5 ! spid] di$4 ,9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ague 0 cur$ 9 ! foll[+ way3--,a liv+ snail 0 worn 9 a bag r\nd ! neck = n9e days4 ,! snail 0 !n ?r[n ^u ! fire :5 x 0 believ$ to %ake z if ) ague1 & ! pati5t recov]$4 ,_m m illu/rations ( ?is pr9ciple might be giv51 b ! above are suffici5t to %[ h[ x 0 appli$4 ,symson records an in/ance 9 ,gall[ay ( swift v5geance foll[+ ! !ft ( c]ta9 votive (f]+s4 ,he says1 ,h]eab\t1 i4e41 ne> ,l>g1 9 ,m9nigaff p>i%1 is a well call$ ! ,g\t ,well ( ,l>g1 ( :i* !y tell ?is /ory--h[ t a pip] /ole away ! (f]+ left at ?is well1 b :5 he 0 dr9k+ ( ale1 :i* he int5d$ to pay ) ! money he _h tak5 away1 ! g\t1 z !y say1 seiz$ on him1 ( :i* he c\ld n be cur$1 b at t well1 hav+ fir/ re/or$ to x ! money he _h =m]ly tak5 away4 ,accid5t1 r ?an disease1 sometimes result$ f su* sacrilegi\s acts4 ,! (f]+s 7 ! prop]ty ( ! gu>dian _s :o 0 quick to res5t _! removal & to puni% ! do] ( ! de$4 ,9 ! di/rict ( ,ardnamur*an is a cave1 associat$ ) ,columba1 :o !re baptis$ "s freeboot]s4 ,! wat] us$ = ! purpose lay 9 a holl[ ( ! rock1 &1 9 aft] times1 votive gifts 7 left beside x4 ,on "o occasion1 a "y man /ole "s ( ^!1 b he did n rema9 long unpuni%$1 = be=e rea*+ home he fell & broke 8 leg4 ,tob>-fu>-,mrie1 i4e41 ,! big cold ,well1 situat$ at ! foot ( a /eep hill 9 ! p>i% ( ,corg>ff1 ,ab]de5%ire1 consi/s ( ?ree spr+s ab\t a y>d di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,ea* spr+ =m]ly cur$ a sep>ate disease--"o1 bl9dness2 ! o!r1 deafness2 & ! ?ird1 lam5ess4 ,! gu>dian _s ( ! spr+s liv$ "u a l>ge /one call$ ! kettle /one1 because bel[ x 0 a kettle :]e %e /or$ h] votive (f]+s4 ,%e 0 some:at exact+ 9 h] dem&s1 = no cure c\ld be expect$ unless gold 0 pres5t$4 ,^! p>ticul>s 7 obta9$ 9 ! di/rict by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor1 :o records !m 9 ,folklore = ,m>*1 #ahib1 & adds1 ,if "o tri$ to rob ! _s1 dea? by "s t]rible accid5t soon foll[$4 ,my in=mant1 m ?an fifty ye>s ago1 :5 a lad1 resolv$ to remove ! kettle /one f its position1 & s become possessor ( ! _s's gold4 ,he accord+ly set out ) a few companions all provid$ ) picks & spades1 to displace ! /one4 ,aft] a good deal ( h>d lab\r ! /one 0 mov$ f its site1 b no kettle full ( gold 0 f\nd4 ,an old woman met ! lads on _! way to _! homes1 & :5 %e le>nt :at !y _h be5 do+1 %e assur$ !m !y w\ld all die )9 a few weeks1 & t a t]rible dea? w\ld befall ! r+-lead]4 ,t ! gu>dians ( spr+s look well aft] _! possessions 9 ! new _w1 z well z 9 ! old1 is prov$ by ! foll[+ quotation f ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's ,orig9 ( ,civilisation3--,9 ,nor? ,mexico1 he says1 ,lieut5ant ,:ipple f\nd a sacr$ spr+ :i*1 f "t immemorial '_h be5 held sacr$ to ! ra9-god4' ,no animal may dr9k ( its wat]s4 ,x mu/ be annually cleans$ ) anci5t vases1 :i*1 hav+ be5 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation by ! caciques1 are !n plac$ ^u ! walls1 nev] to be remov$4 ,! frog1 ! tortoise1 & ! rattlesnake repres5t$ ^u !m1 are sacr$ to ,montezuma1 ! patron ( ! place1 :o w\ld consume by lightn+ any sacrilegi\s h& t %\ld d>e to take ! relics away4 ,) ! gr[? ( enlight5m5t m5's m9ds rose above su* delusions4 ,_h x n be5 s1 ! ,holy ,wells 9 our l& w\ld /ill h pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( rag fairs1 or s]v$ z museums = old co9s4 ,holy ,lo*1 9 ,dunnet1 ,cai?ness1 us$ to be mu* resort$ to z a place ( heal+4 ,! invalids walk$ or 7 c>ri$ r\nd ! lake & ?rew a p5ny into ! wat]4 ,"s ( ^! p5nies h be5 pick$ up f "t to "t by p]sons :o h outgr[n ! old sup]/ition4 ,! holl[ 9 ! ,cla*-nan-,sul at ,balquhidd]1 already ref]r$ to1 conta9$ small co9s plac$ !re by ^? :o s\ght a cure = _! sore eyes4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,mack9to% ,g[ 0 told by "s "o 9 ! di/rict1 t p1 :5 go+ to *ur*1 hav+ =gott5 _! small *ange1 us$ 9 pass+ to put _! h&s 9 ! well & f9d a co94 ,mr4 ,g['s in=mant m5tion$ t he _h done s himself4 ,9 ! c]emony kn[n z well-dress+ or well-fl[]+1 ! (f]+s took ! =m ( blossoms & gre5 b\ghs4 ,= diff]5t reasons ,scotl& has n be5 abrea/ ( ,engl& 9 floral matt]s4 ,only 9 ! latt] c\ntry did ! practice take root1 & ev5 !re only )9 a some:at limit$ area4 ,we mu/ seek = its home 9 ,d]by%ire & ! adjac5t c\nties4 ,at "s places x has di$ out1 :ile at o!rs x /ill survives1 & =ms ! excuse = a pleasant holiday4 ,at ,bon*ur*1 ,isle ( ,wight1 inde$1 ,/4 ,boniface's ,well 0 decorat$ ) wrea?s ( fl[]s on ! sa9t's day2 b ?is 0 an exceptional in/ance s f> s\?4 ,)9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s well-fl[]+ has1 at "o or two places1 be5 ei!r in/itut$1 z at ,belp]1 9 ,d]by%ire1 9 #ahch1 or reviv$1 z at ,/4 ,alkmund's ,well 9 ,d]by1 9 #ahgj4 ,! cl]gy & *oir ( ,/4 ,alkmund's ,*ur* celebrate ! day by meet+ at ! *ur* & walk+ 9 procession to ! well4 ,writ+ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,aubrey says1 ,9 ,*e%ire1 :5 !y w5t 9 p]ambulation1 !y did bless ! spr+s1 i4e41 !y did read ! ,gospel at !m1 & did believe ! wat] 0 ! bett]4 ,at ,droitwi*1 9 ,worce/]%ire1 a salt spr+1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ri*>d1 us$ to be annually adorn$ ) fl[]s4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e ( #agid rem>ks1 ,9 ! village ( ,tiss+ton1 9 ! c\nty ( ,d]by1 a place rem>kable = f9e spr+s ( wat]1 x has be5 a cu/om1 "t immemorial1 on e ,holy ,?ursday1 to decorate ! wells ) b\ghs ( trees1 g>l&s ( tulips1 & o!r fl[]s1 plac$ 9 v>i\s fanci$ devices1 &1 aft] pray]s = ! day at ! *ur*1 = ! p>son & s+]s to pray & s+ psalms at ! wells4 ,9 ,hone's ,e ,day ,book1 "u date #ahbf1 are ! foll[+ rem>ks by a correspond5t3--,tiss+ton 'well-dress+' is a fe/ivity :i* n only claims a high antiquity1 b is "o ( ! few c\ntry ftes :i* are kept up ) any?+ l ! anci5t _s4 ,x is "o :i* is he>tily lov$ & e>ne/ly anticipat$2 "o :i* draws ! he>ts ( ^? :o 7 br\ght up !re1 b :om =tune has ca/ into di/ant places1 homew>ds ) an irresi/ible *>m4 ,i h n _h ! pleasure ( witness+ x1 b ,i h _h t ( see+ ! joy :i* sp>kl$ 9 ! eyes ( ! ,tiss+tonians z !y talk$ ( its approa* & ( _! project$ att5dance4 ,! fe/ival is /ill held 9 hon\r at ,tiss+ton1 & elaborate prep>ations cont9ue to be made = its celebration4 ,fl[]s are arrang$ 9 patt]ns to =m mottoes & texts ( ,scripture1 & also devices1 su* z crosses1 cr[ns1 & triangles1 :ile gre5 b\ghs are add$ to complete ! picture4 ,a correspond5t ( ,notes & ,qu]ies ?us describes ! decorations on ,asc5sion ,day 9 #ahhg3 ,! "n ( 'well-dress+' sc>cely gives a prop] idea ( ^! beautiful /ructures4 ,!y are r f\nta9s or cascades1 ! wat] desc5d+ f above1 & n ris+ z 9 a well4 ,_! height v>ies f t5 to twelve feet1 & ! orig9al /one frontage is on ?is day hidd5 by a wood5 erection 9 ! =m ( an ar* or "s o!r elegant design4 ,ov] ^! planks a lay] ( pla/] ( ,p>is is spread1 & :il/ x is wet1 fl[]s )\t leaves are /uck 9 x1 =m+ a mo/ beautiful mosaic patt]n4 ,on "o ! l>ge yell[ field ranunculus 0 arrang$ 9 lett]s1 & s a v]se ( ,scripture or ( a hymn 0 recall$ to ! spectator's m9d4 ,on ano!r a :ite dove 0 sculptur$ 9 ! pla/] & set 9 a gr\nd-"w ( ! humble violet4 ,! daisy1 :i* our poet ,*auc] w\ld gaze ^u = h\rs toge!r1 =m$ a diap]-"w ( r$ & :ite2 ! pale yell[ primrose 0 set (f by ! ri* r$ ( ! 'ribes4' ,nor 7 ! coral b]ries ( ! holly1 m\nta9 a%1 & yew =gott52 !y are c>efully ga!r$ & /or$ 9 ! w9t] to be ready = ! ,may ,day fte4 ,x is sc>cely possible to describe ! vivid col\r+ & beautiful effect ( ^! fav\rites ( nature arrang$ 9 wrea?s & g>l&s & devices ( e hue4 ,& !n ! pure sp>kl+ wat]1 :i* p\rs d[n f ! mid/ ( !m on to ! ru/ic moss-gr[n /ones b5ea?1 completes ! en*antm5t1 & makes ?is fea/ ( ! 'well-fl[]+' "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( all ! old cu/oms t are left 9 ,m]rie ,engl&4 ,well-fl[]+ also prevails at ,buxton1 & is a s\rce ( int]e/ to ! _m visitors to t airy heal? resort4 ,su* floral devices d n n[ rank z votive gifts4 ,!y are m]ely decorations4 ,! cu/om may h orig9at$ 9 ! ,roman ,font9alia4 ,at any rate x _h at "o "t a correspond+ object4 ,! ,font9alia =m$ an annual fl[]-fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! nymphs inhabit+ spr+s4 ,joy\s b&s visit$ ! f\nta9s1 cr[n$ !m ) b\ghs1 & ?rew nosegays into _! sp>kl+ wat]4 ,! p>allelism betwe5 ! ,roman & ! ,engli% ,font9alia is too well m>k$ to be ov]look$4 ,9 ,d]by%ire & ,/af=d%ire ! c]emony ( well-dress+ is usually obs]v$ on ,asc5sion ,day4 ,9 m ?an "o in/ance ! fe/ival has attract$ to itself v>i\s old ,engli% sports commonly associat$ ) ,may ,day4 ,among ^! may be m5tion$ ,may-pole & ,morris-danc+ & cr[n+ ! ,may-que54 ,at ,endon1 9 ,/af=d%ire1 ! fe/ival is celebrat$ on ,royal ,oak ,day 7,may #bi?71 or on ! foll[+ day if ! #bi? is a ,sunday4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt--some:at abbreviat$--is f ! ,/af=d%ire ,ev5+ ,po/ ( #ca/ ,may1 #ahib1 & gives "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s ab\t ! fe/ival3 ,! seclud$ village ( ,endon ye/]day celebrat$ ! well-dress+ fea/4 ,?is in/itution1 de> to ! he>t ( e loyal inhabitant1 holds =emo/ rank 9 ! local cal5ds1 = x is n a holiday ( ord9>y frivol\s significance1 b a ?anksgiv+ fe/ival4 ,! proce$s1 :i* g5]ally am\nt to "s hundr$s ( p\nds1 are divid$ betwe5 ! poor ( ! p>i% & ! p>o*ial s*ools4 ,!re are two wells at ,endon4 ,"o is v old & almo/ dry1 & has long s9ce fall5 into disuse4 ,! o!r alone supplies ! village ) wat]4 ,f a v e>ly h\r 9 ! morn+ ! :ole village 0 a/ir1 & ^? p :o 7 gift$ ) ta/e & a delicate t\* busi$ !mselves 9 b$eck+ ! wells = ! com+ c]emony4 ,z ! day advanc$1 cr[ds ( visitors p\r$ 9 f all p>ts ( ! pott]ies2 & t[>ds ev5+ ! village gre5 probably held no few] ?an two ?\s& p4 ,! proce$+s1 :i* 7 "u ! p]sonal guidance ( ! vic>1 comm5c$ a little be=e two o'clock4 ,a procession ( ab\t a hundr$ & tw5ty ,sunday-s*ool *ildr5 0 =m$ at ! new well1 ) ! ,br[n$ge village brass b& at its head4 ,! *ildr5 c>ri$ little flags1 :i* !y vigor\sly wav$ 9 excess ( glee4 ,! b& /ruck up bravely1 & ! procession m>*$ 9 good ord] up ! hill to ! old p>i% *ur*1 :]e a solemn s]vice 0 conduct$4 ,! villag]s att5d$ 9 ov]:elm+ numb]s1 & completely ?rong$ ! build+4 ,!re 0 a fully surplic$ *oir1 ^: s++1 c\pl$ ) ! music ( ! organ1 greatly add$ to ! impressiv5ess ( ! s]vice4 ,hymns & psalms1 select$ by ! vic> z applicable to a ?anksgiv+ s]vice = wat]1 7 sung by ! congregation 9 spirit$ /yle4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! s]vice ! procession 0 re=m$1 ! b& lead+ ! way back to ! new well4 ,^u arrival1 ! cl]gy & *oir1 :o _h reta9$ _! surplices1 walk$ sl[ly r\nd ! well1 s++ ',rock ( ,ages' & ',a liv+ /ream z cry/al cle>4' ,bo? wells 7 v beautifully decorat$2 b ! new well 0 a ma/]piece ( elaborat$ art4 ,a l>ge wood5 framework _h be5 erect$ 9 front ( ! well1 & ^u ?is a smoo? surface ( s(t clay _h be5 laid4 ,! clay 0 ?ickly /udd$ ) _m ?\s&s ( fl[] heads 9 great v>iety ( k9d & hue1 & 9 pictorial z well z geometrical arrangem5t4 ,!re 7 two v pretty figures ( peacocks 9 daisies1 bluebells1 & dahlias1 & a respl5d5t motto1 ',o1 ye wells6 bless ye ! ,"l6' 7f ! ,b5$icite7 g>ni%$ ! summit4 ,! old well 0 almo/ des]t$1 al?\gh its decorations 7 well wor?y ( inspection4 ,its motto1 ',give me ?is wat]' 7f ! f\r? *apt] ( ,/4 ,john7 0 v f9ely trac$1 & its c5tre figures--two :ite doves & a cr[n--7 suffici5tly /rik+4 ,may-pole dances1 includ+ ! cr[n+ ( ! ,may-que51 occupi$ ! great] "p ( ! aft]noon4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! b& play$ = danc+1 & !re 0 a repetition ( ! ,may-pole dances4 ,aft] dusk !re 0 a display ( fireworks4 ,?\gh1 z already /at$1 well-dress+ 0 unkn[n nor? ( ! ,twe$1 any acc\nt ( votive (f]+s w\ld be incomplete )\t a ref]5ce to ! picturesque c]emony4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,wea!r ,,& ,,wells4 ,importance ( ,wea!r--,its ,place 9 ,folklore--,rais+ ! ,w9d--,wit*es & ,w9d-*>ms--,blue-/one 9 ,fladda--,well 9 ,gigha--,tob]nacoragh--,r\t+-well--,wat] ,cross--,/one 9 ,briti% ,columbia--,o!r ,ra9-*>ms--,survivals 9 ,folk-cu/oms--,sympa!tic ,magic--,dulyn--,b>5ton--,tob> ,faolan--,/4 ,fumac's ,image at ,botriphnie--,molly ,grime4 ,9 all ages mu* att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! wea!r1 ) special ref]5ce to its be>+s on human well-be+4 ,z ,mr4 ,r4 ,inw>ds truly obs]ves1 9 8 ,wea!r-lore1 ,f ! e>lie/ times hunt]s1 %eph]ds1 sailors1 & till]s ( ! e>? h f %e] necessity be5 l$ to /udy ! tea*+s ( ! w9ds1 ! waves1 ! cl\ds1 & a hundr$ o!r objects f :i* ! signs ( com+ *anges 9 ! /ate ( ! air might be =etold4 ,! wea!r-wise among/ ^! primitive p w\ld be naturally ! mo/ prosp]\s1 & o!rs w\ld soon acquire ! covet$ =esight by a clos] obs]vance ( ! same objects f :i* _! successful rivals guess$ ! prop] "t to provide aga9/ a /orm1 or reckon$ on ! prospects ( ! com+ crops4 ,h5ce1 naturally en\gh1 ! wea!r has an important place 9 folklore4 ,v>i\s progno/ications conc]n+ x h be5 drawn f sun & moon1 f animals & fl[]s2 :ile c]ta9 meteorological ph5om5a h1 9 _! turn1 be5 reg>d$ z prophetic ( mundane ev5ts4 ,?us1 9 ! a/rological treatise entitl$ ,! ,k ( ,?+s ,unkn[n1 we read t ,?und] 9 ,janu>y signifie? ! same ye> great w9ds1 pl5tiful ( corn & cattle p]adv5ture2 9 ,febru>y1 _m ri* m5 %all die 9 great sickness2 9 ,m>*1 great w9ds1 pl5ty ( corn1 & debate among/ p2 9 ,april1 be fruitful & m]ry ) ! dea? ( wick$ m52 & s on ?r\gh ! o!r mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,"o c easily und]/& :y ?und] %\ld be c\nt$ peculi>ly om9\s4 ,! effects produc$ on ! m9d by its my/]i\s noise1 & on ! n]ves by ! electricity 9 ! air1 are apt to lead sup]/iti\s p to expect /range ev5ts4 ,p>ticul> notice 0 tak5 ( ! wea!r on c]ta9 ecclesia/ical fe/ivals1 & om5s 7 drawn f its condition4 ,?us1 f ,! ,husb&man's ,practice1 we le>n t ,! wise & cunn+ ma/]s 9 a/rology h f\nd t man may see & m>k ! wea!r ( ! holy ,*ri/mas night1 h[ ! :ole ye> aft] %all be 9 8 mak+ & do+1 & !y %all speak on ?is wise4 ,:5 on ! ,*ri/mas night & ev5+ x is v fair & cle> wea!r1 & is )\t w9d & )\t ra91 !n x is a tok5 t ?is ye> w be pl5ty ( w9e & fruit4 ,b if ! contr>iwise1 f\l wea!r & w9dy1 s %all x be v scant ( w9e & fruit4 ,b if ! w9d arise at ! ris+ ( ! sun1 !n x betok5e? great de>? among bea/s & cattle ?is ye>4 ,b if ! w9d arise at ! go+ d[n ( ! same1 !n x signifie? dea? to come among k+s & o!r great lords4 ,we d n suppose t anyone n[adays att5ds to su* ,yule-tide auguries1 b !re are n want+ ^? :o h a l+]+ belief 9 ! p[] ( ,c&lemas & ,/4 ,s)9's ,day to =etell ! sort ( wea!r to be expect$ 9 ! imm$iate future4 ,wit*es 7 believ$ to be able to raise ! w9d at _! pleasure4 ,9 a confession made at ,aulde>n 9 ,nairn%ire1 9 ! ye> #affb1 c]ta9 wom51 accus$ ( sorc]y1 said1 ,:5 we raise ! w9d we take a rag ( clo? & wet x 9 wat]1 & we take a beetle & knock ! rag on a /one1 & we say ?rice ov]-- ',i knock ?is rag ^u ?is /ane1 ,to raise ! w9d 9 ! devil's "n4 ,x %all n lie until ,i please aga96' ,:5 ! w9d 0 to be allay$ ! rag 0 dri$4 ,ab\t #afgj an attempt 0 made to dra9 "s two ?\s& acres ( l& belong+ to ! e/ate ( ,dun 9 ,=f>%ire4 ,! ,dronn]'s1 i4e41 ,dra9]'s ,dyke--rema9s ( :i* are /ill to be se5 beh9d ! ,montrose ,infirm>y--0 built 9 connection ) ! s*eme4 ,b ! "w 0 de/roy$ by a t]rible /orm1 caus$1 x 0 believ$1 by a c]ta9 ,meggie ,c[ie--! la/ to be burn$ = wit*craft 9 ! di/rict4 ,ab\t eighty ye>s be=e1 a notable wit*-trial 9 ! "t ( ,james ,,vi4 _h to d ) ! rais+ ( a /orm4 ,a c]ta9 woman1 ,agnes ,sampson1 resid+ 9 ,hadd+ton%ire1 confess$ t %e belong$ to a company ( two hundr$ wit*es1 & t !y 7 all 9 ! habit ( sail+ along ! coa/ 9 sieves to meet ! devil at ! kirk ( ,nor? ,b]wick4 ,aft] "o ( ^! int]views ! woman took a cat & *ri/5$ x1 &1 aft] fix+ to x p>ts ( a dead man's body1 ?rew ! creature into ! sea 9 pres5ce ( ! o!r wit*es4 ,! k+1 :o 0 !n return+ f ,d5m>k ) 8 bride1 0 delay$ by contr>y w9ds1 & su* a tempe/ arose 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=? t a vessel1 conta9+ valuable gifts = ! que5 on h] arrival1 sank betwe5 ,burntisl& & ,lei?4 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,f4 ,?iselton ,dy] makes ! sugge/ion 9 8 ,folklore ( ,%akespe>e1 t x 0 probably to ^! contr>y w9ds t ! au?or ( ,macbe? alludes :5 he makes ! wit* say-- ,?\gh 8 b>k _c be lo/1 ,yet x %all be tempe/-to/4 ,ev5 d[n to ! end ( la/ c5tury1 & probably lat]1 "s well-educat$ p believ$ t ! devil _h ! p[] ( rais+ ! w9d4 ,! phrase1 ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air1 appli$ to him 9 ,scripture1 0 int]pret$ 9 a lit]al way4 ,! ,di>y ( ! ,rev4 ,john ,mill1 m9i/] 9 ,%etl& f #agdj till #ahjc1 be>s witness to su* a belief4 ,9 8 introduction to ! "w1 ! editor1 ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,g\die1 tells u3 ,he 7,mill7 0 (t5 he>d talk+ al\d ) 8 7to o!rs7 unse5 foe2 b ^? :o he>d him decl>$ t he spoke 9 an unkn[n tongue1 presumably ,hebrew4 ,aft] "o ( ^! enc\nt]s ! wor?y man 0 he>d mutt]+1 ',well1 let him d 8 wor/2 ! w9d aye 9 my face w n hurt me4' ,?is 0 9 response to a ?reat ( ! devil1 t :]ev] he 7,mill7 w5t1 he 7,satan7 %\ld be a-bl[+ 'w9d 9 8 tee?1' 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ,mill 0 unable ev] aft] to get passage out ( ,%etl&4 ,on ! #e? ( ,novemb]1 #afje1 a t]rible /orm swept ov] ! nor? ( ,scotl& & de/roy$ "p ( ! ca!dral at ,dorno*4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! day 9 "q 0 select$ by ,guy ,fawkes = bl[+ up ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,9 8 ,ca!dral ( ,cai?ness1 at ,dorno*1 ,mr4 ,hugh ,f4 ,campbell tells u3 ,:5 ! news ( ! gunp[d] plot rea*$ ! nor?1 ! co-incid5ce ( "t at once impress$ ! imag9ation ( a sup]/iti\s age4 ,! /orm 0 inve/$ ) an elem5t ( ! m>vell\s4 ,mr4 ,campbell !n quotes ! foll[+ curi\s passage f ,sir ,rob]t ,gordon1 specially ref]r+ to ,satan's connection ) ! tempe/3--,! same v]ie night t ?is execrable plott %\ld h be5 put 9 execution all ! inn] /one pill>s ( ! nor? syd ( ! body ( ! ca!dral *ur* at ,dornogh--lack+ ! ro(f be=e--7 bl[5 f ! v]ie roots & f\ndation quyt & cle9 ov] ! out] walls ( ! *ur*3 su* z ha? se9 ! same4 ,^! great w9ds did ev5 !n progno/icate & =%ew "s great treason to be at h&2 & z ! divell 0 busie !n to tr\ble ! ayre1 s wes he bussie by ^! hiss fyrebr&s to tr\ble ! e/ate ( ,great ,britane4 ,! notion t /orms1 especially :5 accompani$ by ?und] & lightn+1 7 ! "w ( evil spirits1 came out prom95tly dur+ ! middle ages 9 connection ) bells4 ,! r++ ( bells 0 believ$ to drive away ! demons1 & s allay ! tempe/4 ,a s+ul> sup]/ition conc]n+ ! causation ( /orms 0 br\ght to light 9 ,hung>y dur+ ! autumn ( #ahib 9 connection ) ! fe> ( *ol]a4 ,at ,kidzaes a pati5t di$ ( :at 0 ?\ght to be t disease1 & a po/ mortem exam9ation 0 ord]$ by ! local au?orities4 ,/r5u\s opposition1 h[ev]1 0 (f]$ by ! villag]s on ! gr\nd t ! act w\ld cause su* a hail-/orm z w\ld de/roy _! crops4 ,feel+ ran s high t a riot 0 imm95t1 & ! project _h to be ab&on$4 ,eric1 ! ,sw$i% k+1 c\ld control ! w9ds ?r\gh 8 en*antm5ts4 ,by turn+ 8 cap he 0 able to br+ a breeze f :atev] qu>t] he wi%$4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,l4 ,gomme1 9 8 ,e?nology 9 ,folklore1 rem>ks1 ,at ,kempo* ,po9t1 9 ! ,fir? ( ,clyde1 is a column> rock call$ ! ,kempo* ,/ane1 f :5ce a sa9t 0 wont to disp5se fav\rable w9ds to ^? :o paid = !m1 & unfav\rable to ^? :o did n put confid5ce 9 8 p[]s--a tradition :i* seems to h be5 c>ri$ on by ! ,inn]kip wit*es :o 7 tri$ 9 #affb1 & "s portions ( :i* /ill l+] among ! sailors ( ,gre5ock4 ,! /one 9 "q consi/s ( a block ( grey mica s*i/ six feet 9 height & two 9 diamet]4 ,x is locally kn[n z ,granny ,kempo*4 ,9 =m] times sailors & fi%]m5 s\ght to ensure good =tune on ! sea by walk+ sev5 times r\nd ! /one4 ,:ile mak+ _! r\nds !y c>ri$ 9 _! h& a basket ( s&1 & at ! same "t utt]$ an e]ie *ant4 ,newly-m>ri$ c\ples us$ also to walk r\nd ! /one by way ( luck4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury a c]ta9 woman1 ,bessie ,mill] by "n1 liv$ 9 ,/romness1 9 ,orkney1 & ek$ out h] livelihood by sell+ w9ds to m>9]s4 ,h] usual *>ge 0 sixp5ce4 ,= ?is sum1 z ,sir ,w4 ,scott tells u1 %e boil$ h] kettle1 & gave ! b>que advantage ( h] pray]s1 = %e disclaim$ all unlawful arts4 ,! w9d1 ?us petition$ =1 0 sure to arrive1 ?\gh sometimes ! m>9]s _h to wait "s "t = x4 ,h] h\se 0 on ! br[ ( ! /eep hill above ! t[n1 & = exposure might h be5 ! abode ( ,eolus himself4 ,at ! "t ( ,sir ,walt]'s visit to ,/romness1 ,bessie ,mill] 0 ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s old1 & appe>$ )]$ & dri$ up l a mummy4 ,we make h] acqua9tance 9 ! ,pirate1 "u ! "n ( ,norna ( ! ,fitful ,head4 ,9 8 ,rambles 9 ! ,f> ,nor?1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,m4 ,f]gusson tells ( ano!r w9d-compell+ p]sonage1 nam$ ,mammie ,scott1 :o also belong$ to ,/romness1 & practis$ h] arts !re1 till )9 a comp>atively rec5t date4 ,_m wond]ful tales are told ( h] p[] & influ5ce ov] ! wea!r4 ,h] fame 0 widely spread z t ( ,bessie4 ,a capta9 call$ ^u ,mammie "o day to solicit a fair w9d4 ,he 0 b\nd = ,/orn[ay1 & receiv$ f ! reput$ wit* a sc>let ?read ^u :i* 7 ?ree knots4 ,8 in/ructions 71 t if suffici5t w9d did n arrive1 "o ( ! knots 0 to be unti$2 if t prov$ insuffici5t1 ano!r knot 0 to be unti$2 b he 0 on no acc\nt to unloose ! ?ird knot1 else disa/] w\ld ov]take 8 vessel4 ,! m>9] set out ^u 8 voyage1 &1 ! w9d be+ light1 unti$ ! fir/ knot4 ,?is br\ght a /rong] breeze1 b /ill n suffici5t to satisfy him4 ,! second knot 0 let d[n1 & away ! vessel sp$ across ! wat]s1 r\nd ,cape ,wra?4 ,9 a %ort "t ! entrance to ,/orn[ay h>b\r 0 rea*$1 :5 x came into ! capta9's head to untie ! ?ird knot 9 ord] to see :at might occur4 ,he 0 too ne> ! end ( 8 voyage to suff] any damage n[2 & s he felt embold5$ to make ! exp]im5t4 ,no soon] 0 ! la/ knot set free ?an a p]fect hurricane set 9 f a contr>y direction1 :i* drove ! vessel "r back to ,hoy ,s\nd1 f :i* %e _h set out1 :]e he _h ample "t to rep5t ( 8 folly4 ,)9 ! la/ half-c5tury !re liv$ 9 ,/onehav5 an old woman1 :o 0 reg>d$ ) consid]able awe by ! sea-f>+ population4 ,be=e a voyage x 0 usual to propitiate h] by ! gift ( a bag ( coals4 ,on "o occasion1 two bro!rs1 own]s ( a coa/+ smack1 aft] sett+ sail1 _h to return to port ?r\gh /ress ( wea!r1 ! /orm be+ due1 x 0 believ$1 to ! fact t "o ( ! bro!rs _h omitt$ to secure ! woman's good (fices 9 ! usual way4 ,! bro!r :o 0 capta9 ( ! smack seems to h be5 a firm believ] 9 w9d-*>ms1 = x is relat$ ( him t dur+ a m ?an usually high w9d he 0 9 ! habit ( ?r[+ up 8 cap into ! air ) ! exclamation1 ,%e maun hae some?+4 ,%e1 9 ?is case1 0 ! w9d1 & n ! wit*3 & ! cap 0 meant z a gift to propitiate ! /orm4 ,dr4 ,*>les ,rog]s1 9 8 ,social ,life 9 ,scotl&1 tells u t ! seam5 ( ,%etl&1 9 tempe/u\s wea!r1 ?r[ a piece ( money into ! w9d[ ( a ru9\s *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ronald 9 ! belief t ! sa9t w allay ! vehem5ce ( ! /orm4 ,accord+ to ! same writ]1 ,%etl& boatm5 /ill pur*ase fav\rable w9ds f eld]ly wom51 :o pret5d to rule or to modify ! /orms4 ,!re are n[ 9 ,l]wick1 ,dr4 ,rog]s cont9ues1 sev]al old wom5 :o 9 ?is fa%ion e>n a subsi/5ce4 ,_m ( ! survivors ( ! great /orm ( ! #bj? ( ,july1 #ahha--s fatal on nor!rn coa/s--ass]t t _! pres]vation 0 due to w>n+s :i* !y receiv$ ?r\gh a sup]natural ag5cy4 ,human skulls h _! folklore4 ,! lift+ ( !m f _! usual re/+-places has1 9 popul> belief1 be5 connect$ ) c]ta9 my/]i\s occurr5ces4 ,accord+ to a /ory told by ,mr4 ,wirt ,sikes1 9 8 ,briti% ,gobl9s1 a man :o remov$ a skull f a *ur* to prove to 8 companions t he 0 free f sup]/ition 0 ov]tak5 by a t]rible :irlw9d1 ! result1 x 0 ?\ght1 ( 8 ra% act4 ,9 "s ,highl& di/ricts x us$ to be reckon$ unlucky to all[ a corpse to rema9 unburi$4 ,if f any cause1 human bones came to ! surface1 c>e 0 tak5 to lay !m bel[ gr\nd aga91 z o!rwise disa/r\s /orms w\ld ensue4 ,we h a good example ( ! association ( w9d-*>ms ) wat] 9 ! case ( a c]ta9 magical /one ref]r$ to by ,m>t9 z exi/+ 9 8 day 9 ! isl& ( ,fladda1 ne> ,skye4 ,!re 0 a *apel to ,/4 ,columba on ! isl&1 & on ! alt> lay ! /one 9 "q4 ,! /one 0 r\nd1 ( a blue col\r1 & 0 always moi/4 ,x is an ord9>y cu/om1 ,m>t9 relates1 :5 any ( ! fi%]m5 are deta9$ 9 ! isle by contr>y w9ds1 to wa% ! blue /one ) wat] all r\nd1 expect+ !reby to procure a fav\rable w9d1 :i*1 ! cr$ul\s t5ant1 liv+ 9 ! isle1 says nev] fails1 especially if a /rang] wa% ! /one4 ,! p[] ( ! ,fladda /one 0 equall$ by a c]ta9 well 9 ,gigha1 ?\gh 9 ! latt] in/ance a dwell] 9 ! isl&1 r ?an a /rang]1 _h p[] ov] x4 ,:5 a =eign boat 0 w9d-b\nd on ! isl&1 ! ma/] ( ! craft 0 9 ! habit ( giv+ "s money to "o ( ! natives1 to procure a fav\rable breeze4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,a few feet above ! well 0 a heap ( /ones1 =m+ a cov] to ! spr+4 ,^! 7 c>efully remov$1 & ! well 0 cle>$ out ) a wood5 di% or clam-%ell4 ,! wat] 0 !n ?r[n sev]al times t[>ds ! po9t1 f :i* ! ne$$ w9d %\ld bl[4 ,c]ta9 words ( incantation 7 us$1 ea* "t ! wat] 0 ?r[n4 ,aft] ! c]emony1 ! /ones 7 replac$1 z ! di/rict w\ld o!rwise h be5 swept by a hurricane4 ,p5nant m5tions1 9 connection ) 8 visit to ,gigha1 t ! sup]/ition _h !n di$ out4 ,9 ?is he 0 9 error1 = ! well cont9u$ to be occasionally consult$ to a lat] date4 ,ev5 )9 rec5t ye>s1 ! memory ( ! practice l+]$ 9 ! isl&2 b !re seem$ "s d\bt1 z to ! exact nature ( ! requir$ ritual4 ,capta9 ,t4 ,p4 ,:ite 0 told by a %eph]d1 belong+ to ! isl&1 t1 if a /one 0 tak5 out ( ! well1 a /orm w\ld arise & prev5t any p]son cross+ ov]1 nor w\ld x abate till ! /one 0 tak5 back to ! well4 ,f ! evid5ce ( an ,iri% example1 we f9d t spr+s c\ld allay a /orm1 z well z produce a fav\rable breeze4 ,! isl& ( ,innismurray1 (f ! coa/ ( ,sligo1 has a sacr$ well call$ ,tob]nacoragh4 ,:5 a tempe/ 0 rag+1 ! natives believ$ t by dra9+ ! wat] ( ?is well into ! sea1 ! wra? ( ! elem5ts c\ld be calm$4 ,mr4 ,gomme1 9 8 ,e?nology 9 ,folklore1 :5 comm5t+ on ! in/ance1 rem>ks1 ,9 ?is case ! connection betwe5 well-wor%ip & ! wor%ip ( a ra9-god is c]ta91 = x may be surmis$ t if ! empty+ ( ! well allay$ a /orm1 "s complem5t>y action 0 practis$ at "o "t or o!r 9 ord] to produce ra91 & 9 di/ricts m subject to a want ( ra9 ?an ?is ,atlantic isl&1 t c]emony w\ld be acc5tuat$ at ! exp5se ( ! /orm-allay+ c]emony at ,innismurray4 ,! ,r\t+ ,well1 at ,monkt[n1 9 ,inv]esk p>i%1 ,mid-,lo?ian1 0 believ$ to give notice ( an approa*+ /orm by utt]+ s\nds resembl+ ! moan+ ( ! w9d4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! noises came f c]ta9 disus$ coal-work+s 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & 7 due to ! high w9d bl[+ ?r\gh !m4 ,! s\nds ?us accompani$ & did n prec$e ! /orm4 ,to procure ra91 rec\rse 0 _h to v>i\s sup]/iti\s practices4 ,m>t9 tells ( a /one1 five feet high1 9 ! =m ( a cross1 opposite ,/4 ,m>y's ,*ur*1 9 ,nor? ,ui/4 ,! natives1 he says1 call x ! ',wat] ,cross1' = ! anci5t inhabitants _h a cu/om ( erect+ ?is sort ( cross to procure ra91 & :5 !y _h got en\gh1 !y laid x flat on ! gr\nd1 b ?is cu/om is n[ disus$4 ,among ! m\nta9s ( ,briti% ,columbia1 is a c]ta9 /one held 9 mu* hon\r by ! ,indians1 = !y believe t x w produce ra9 :5 /ruck4 ,ra9-mak+ is an important occupation among uncivilis$ races1 & /range rites are sometimes practis$ to br+ ab\t ! desir$ result4 ,by "s savages1 human hair is burn$ = ?is end4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 9 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 has "s int]e/+ rem>ks on ra9-production4 ,aft] enum]at+ c]ta9 ra9-*>ms among hea!n nations1 he rem>ks1 ,ano!r way ( con/ra9+ ! ra9-god is to di/urb him 9 8 haunts4 ,?is seems ! reason :y ra9 is suppos$ to be ! consequ5ce ( tr\bl+ a sacr$ spr+4 ,! ,d>ds believ$ t if a c[sk9 or any?+ impure is plac$ 9 c]ta9 spr+s /orms w foll[4 ,g]vasius m5tions a spr+1 into :i*1 if a /one or a /ick 7 ?r[n1 ra9 w\ld at once issue f x & dr5* ! ?r[]4 ,!re 0 a f\nta9 9 ,mun/] su* t if x 7 t\*$ or ev5 look$ at by a human be+ x w\ld at once flood ! :ole prov9ce ) ra94 ,curi\s survivals ( anci5t ra9-*>ms are to be f\nd 9 mod]n folk-cu/oms4 ,?us1 9 connection ) ! rejoic+s ( ! h>ve/-home 9 ,engl&1 :5 ! la/ load ( gra9 0 be+ c>ri$ on ! gaily decorat$ hock-c>t to ! f>m-y>d1 x 0 cu/om>y to ?r[ wat] on ^? tak+ "p 9 ! c]emony4 ,?is app>5tly mean+less frolic 0 9 reality a ra9-*>m4 ,a ,corni% cu/om1 at "o "t popul> at ,pad/[ on ! fir/ ( ,may1 c be expla9$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,a hobby-horse 0 tak5 to ! ,traitor's ,pool1 a qu>t] ( a mile f ! t[n4 ,! head 0 dipp$ 9 ! pool1 & wat] 0 spr9kl$ on ! by/&]s4 ,su* *>ms dep5d = _! efficacy on :at is call$ sympa!tic magic4 ,mimic ra9 is produc$ on ! e>?1 9 ! hope t ! same liquid w be con/ra9$ to desc5d f ! heav5s1 to br+ fre% f]tility to ! fields4 ,pr(essor ,rhys1 9 8 ,celtic ,hea!ndom1 traces ! connection betwe5 mod]n ra9-*>ms & ! rites ( anci5t paganism4 ,he !re quotes ! foll[+ p>ticul>s reg>d+ ,dulyn1 9 ,nor? ,wales1 f a description ( ! place publi%$ 9 #ahje3--,!re lies 9 ,sn[don ,m\nta9 a lake call$ ,dulyn1 9 a dismal d+le surr\nd$ by high & dang]\s rocks2 ! lake is exce$+ly black1 & its fi% are loa?some1 hav+ l>ge heads & small bodies4 ,no wild swan or duck or any k9d ( bird has ev] be5 se5 to light on x1 z is _! wont on e o!r ,sn[donian lake4 ,9 ?is same lake !re is a r[ ( /epp+ /ones ext5d+ into x2 & if any "o /eps on ! /ones & ?r[s wat] s z to wet ! fur!/ /one ( ! s]ies1 :i* is call$ ! ,r$ ,alt>1 x is b a *ance t y d n get ra9 be=e night1 ev5 :5 x is hot wea!r4 ,! spot 01 probably 9 pre-,*ri/ian times1 ! sc5e ( sacrifices to "s local deity4 ,judg+ f ! dismal "* ( ! neighb\rhood1 we may safely inf] t fe> ent]$ l>gely into ! wor%ip paid !re to ! g5ius loci4 ,! ,f\nta9 ( ,b>5ton1 9 ,brittany1 0 specially celebrat$ 9 connection ) ra9-mak+4 ,dur+ ! e>ly middle ages1 ! peasantry ( ! neighb\rhood resort$ to x 9 days ( dr\ght4 ,accord+ to a "t-hon\r$ cu/om1 !y took "s wat] f ! f\nta9 & ?rew x on a slab h>d by2 ra9 0 ! result4 ,pr(essor ,rhys rem9ds u t ?is f\nta9 /ill reta9s its pluvial importance2 =1 9 seasons ( dr\ght1 ! inhabitants ( ! surr\nd+ p>i%es1 we are told g to x 9 procession1 head$ by _! five great bann]s & _! prie/s r++ bells & *ant+ psalms4 ,on arriv+1 ! rector ( ! canton dips ! foot ( ! cross 9 ! wat]1 & x is sure to ra9 )9 a week's "t4 ,! ,b>5ton in/ance is specially int]e/+1 = "p ( ! c]emony recalls :at happ5$ 9 connection ) a c]ta9 ,scotti% spr+1 viz41 ,tob> ,faolan at ,/ruan1 9 ,a?ole4 ,?is spr+1 z ! "n implies1 0 d$icat$ to ,fillan4 ,9 8 ,holiday ,notes 9 ,a?ole1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 volume xii4 7new s]ies71 ,mr4 ,j4 ,mack9to% ,g[ says1 ,x is ne>ly "o hundr$ y>ds we/ f ! *ur*1 at ! foot ( ! bank1 & close to ! riv] ,g>ry4 ,x is ov]gr[n ) grass & we$s1 b ! wat] is z cle> & cool z x may h be5 9 ! days ( ! sa9t4 ,!re is no tradition ( its hav+ be5 a cur+ or heal+ well1 except t 9 pre-,re=mation days1 :5 a dr\ght prevail$ & ra9 0 mu* want$1 an image ( ! sa9t1 :i* 0 kept 9 ! *ur*1 us$ to be tak5 9 procession to ! well1 &1 9 ord] t ra9 might come1 ! feet ( ! image 7 plac$ 9 ! wat]2 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 0 g5]ally suppos$ to h ! desir$ effect4 ,at ,botriphnie1 9 ,banff%ire1 six miles f ,kei?1 ! wood5 image ( ,/4 ,fumac us$ to be solemnly wa%$ 9 8 well on ! ?ird ( ,may4 ,we may conclude t ! c]emony 0 int5d$ z a ra9-*>m4 ,x mu/ h be5 successful1 on at lea/ "o occasion1 = ! riv] ,isla became flood$ ?r\gh ! abundance ( ra94 ,inde$1 ! flood+ 0 s great t ! sa9t's image 0 swept away by ! ru%+ wat]4 ,! image 0 f9ally /r&$ at ,banff1 :]e x 0 burn$ z a relic ( sup]/ition by ord] ( ! p>i% m9i/] ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,9 ,gl5?am ,*ur*1 ,l9coln%ire1 is a tomb1 ) a figure locally call$ ,molly ,grime4 ,f ,old ,engli% ,cu/oms & ,*>ities1 we le>n t1 till #ahcb1 ! figure 0 wa%$ e ,good ,friday ) wat] f ,newell ,well by sev5 old maids ( ,gl5?am1 :o ea* receiv$ a %ill+1 9 consequ5ce ( an old beque/ connect$ ) "s prop]ty 9 t di/rict4 ,p]haps its te/ator 0 n free f a belief 9 ! efficacy ( ra9-*>ms4 ,o!rwise1 ! c]emony seems mean+less4 ,if ! keep+ clean ( ! figure 0 ! only object1 ! sev5 old maids %\ld n h limit$ _! duties to an annual pilgrimage f ! well to ! *ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,trees ,,& ,,spr+s4 ,tree-wor%ip--,ygdrasil--,p]sonality ( ,plants--,tree-ance/ors-- ,wassail+--,relics ( ,tree-wor%ip--,connla's ,well--,cutt+ d[n ,trees ,unlucky--,spr+ at ,monzie--,m>riage ,well--,pe>-,tree ,well --,"s ,miracul\s ,trees--,ext]nal ,s\l--,its ,connection ) ,trees1 c4--,arms ( ,glasg[4 ,trees 7 at "o "t wor%ipp$ z well z f\nta9s4 ,ygdrasil1 ! _w-tree ( ,sc&9avian my?ology1 _h ?ree roots1 & und]nea? ea*1 0 a f\nta9 ( wond]ful virtues4 ,?is repres5ts ! connection betwe5 tree & well 9 ! doma9 ( my?ology4 ,b ! same sup]/ition 0 connect$ ) ord9>y trees & wells4 ,glanc+ back ov] ! hi/ory ( civilisation1 we rea* a p]iod1 :5 vegetation 0 end[$ ) p]sonality4 ,z plants manife/$ ! ph5om5a ( life & dea? l man & ! l[] animals1 !y _h a simil> k9d ( exi/5ce attribut$ to !m4 ,among "s savages to-day1 ! fragrance ( a fl[] is ?\ght to be its s\l4 ,z !re 0 ?us no h>d & fa/ l9e betwe5 man & ! vegetable k+dom1 ! "o c\ld be d]iv$ f ! o!r2 9 o!r words1 m5 c\ld h trees z _! ance/ors4 ,curi\s survivals ( su* a belief lie bo? reveal$ & conceal$ 9 ! language ( to-day4 ,?\gh we are f> sep>at$ f su* a phase ( ar*aic religion1 we speak ( ! bran*es ( a family4 ,at "o "t su* an expression repres5t$ a lit]al fact1 & n a m]e metaphor4 ,9 l mann]1 we call a son1 :o resembles 8 fa!r1 a *ip ( ! old block4 ,b h[ few :5 us+ ! phrase are alive to its real =ce6 ,mr4 ,ke>y1 9 8 ,outl9es ( ,primitive ,belief1 obs]ves1 ,ev5 :5 ! lit]al notion ( ! desc5t f a tree _h be5 lo/ sight (1 ! close connection betwe5 ! prosp]ity ( ! tribe & ! life ( its feti% 0 (t5 /rictly held4 ,! village tree ( ! ,g]man races 0 orig9ally a tribal tree ) ^: exi/5ce ! life ( ! village 0 involv$4 ,! picturesque c]emony kn[n z ! ,wassail+ ( ,apple-trees1 kept up till lately 9 ,devon & ,cornwall1 c>ries our ?\ghts back to ! "t :5 tree-wor%ip 0 a ?riv+ cult 9 our l&4 ,x 0 celebrat$ on ! ev5+ be=e ,epiphany 7,janu>y #f?74 ,! f>m]1 accompani$ by 8 lab\r]s1 c>ri$ a pail ( cid] ) roa/$ apples 9 x into ! or*>d4 ,! pail 0 plac$ on ! gr\nd1 & ea* "o ( ! company took f x a cupful ( ! liquid4 ,!y !n /ood be=e ! trees & repeat$ ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,heal? to !e1 good apple tree1 ,well to be> pocket-fulls1 hat-fulls1 ,peck-fulls1 bu%el bag-fulls4 ,"p ( ! cont5ts ( ! cup 0 !n drunk1 & ! rema9d] 0 ?r[n at ! tree amid %\ts f ! by-/&]s4 ,relics ( ! same cult c be trac$ 9 ! sup]/iti\s reg>d = su* trees z ! r[an1 ! eld]1 c41 & 9 ! decoration ( ! ,may-pole & ! ,*ri/mas ,tree4 ,accord+ to an anci5t ,iri% leg5d1 a c]ta9 spr+ 9 ,er91 call$ ,connla's ,well1 _h gr[+ ov] x n9e my/ical hazel trees4 ,ye> by ye> ^! trees produc$ _! fl[]s & fruit simultane\sly4 ,! nuts 7 ( a brilliant crimson col\r & conta9$ 9 "s my/]i\s way ! k ( all t 0 be/ 9 poetry & art4 ,pr(essor ,o',curry1 9 8 ,lectures on ! ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,iri%1 ref]s to ?is leg5d1 & says1 ,no soon] 7 ! beautiful nuts produc$ on ! trees ?an !y always dropp$ into ! well1 rais+ by _! fall a succession ( %9+ r$ bubbles4 ,n[1 dur+ ?is "t ! wat] 0 always full ( salmon1 & no soon] did ! bubbles appe> ?an ^! salmon d>t$ to ! surface & ate ! nuts1 aft] :i* !y made _! way to ! riv]4 ,! eat+ ( ! nuts produc$ brilliant crimson spots on ! bellies ( ^! salmon1 & to cat* & eat ^! salmon became an object ( m ?an m]e ga/ronomic int]e/ among ^? :o 7 anxi\s to become di/+ui%$ 9 ! arts & 9 lit]ature )\t be+ at ! pa9s & delay ( long /udy1 = ! fi% 0 suppos$ to h become fill$ ) ! k :i* 0 conta9$ 9 ! nuts1 :i*1 x 0 believ$1 w\ld be transf]r$ 9 full to ^? :o _h ! good =tune to cat* & eat !m4 ,9 _m cases x 0 c\nt$ unlucky to cut d[n trees1 s9ce ! spirits1 inhabit+ !m1 w\ld res5t ! injury4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! p>i%ion]s ( ,clynnog1 9 ,ca]n>von%ire1 refra9$ f de/roy+ ! trees gr[+ 9 ! gr\nds ( ,/4 ,beyno4 ,ev5 ?\gh he 0 _! patron sa9t1 he 0 q ready to h>m anybody :o took lib]ties ) 8 grove4 ,lo* ,siant ,well1 9 ,skye1 0 not$ = its p[] to cure heada*es1 /it*es1 & o!r ailm5ts1 & 0 mu* frequ5t$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,m>t9 says1 ,!re is a small coppice ne> to ! well1 & !re is none ( ! natives d>e v5ture to cut ! lea/ bran* ( x = fe> ( "s signal judgm5t to foll[ ^u x4 ,m>t9 also tells u t ! same rev]5ce 0 = long paid to ! peat on ! isl& ( ,l+ay4 ,?is isl&1 he says1 is s+ul> 9 respect ( all ! l&s ( ,ui/1 & ! o!r isl&s t surr\nd x1 = !y are all compos$ ( s&1 & ?is1 on ! contr>y1 is altoge!r moss cov]$ ) hea?1 af=d+ five peats 9 dep?1 & is v s]viceable & useful1 furni%+ ! isl& ,bor]a1 c41 ) pl5ty ( good fuel4 ,?is isl& 0 held z consecrat$ = sev]al ages1 insomu* t ! natives w\ld n !n presume to cut any fuel 9 x4 ,:5 trees beside wells _h rags hung on !m z (f]+s1 !y w\ld naturally be rev]5c$1 z ! liv+ alt>s = ! reception ( ! gifts4 ,b ev5 :5 n us$ = ?is purpose1 !y 7 sometimes ?\ght to h a my/]i\s connection ) ! spr+s !y ov]%ad[$4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,monzie1 ,p]?%ire1 is a m9]al well held 9 mu* e/eem till ab\t ! ye> #aggj4 ,at t "t two trees1 till !n ! gu>dians ( ! spr+1 fell1 & ) _! fall its virtue dep>t$4 ,on ! "r bank ( ! ,clyde1 ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile f ,c>myle village1 is ! once sylvan di/rict ( ,k5muir4 ,!re1 at ! foot ( a bank1 is a spr+ locally kn[n z ,! ,m>riage ,well1 ! "n be+ d]iv$1 x is said1 f two curi\sly unit$ trees beside its m>g94 ,^! trees 7 rec5tly cut d[n4 ,9 =m] times1 x 0 cu/om>y = m>riage p>ties1 ! day aft] _! w$d+1 to visit ! spr+1 & !re pl$ge ! bride & bridegroom 9 draughts ( its sp>kl+ wat]4 ,on ! banks ( ! ,kelv91 close to ! ,glasg[ ,botanic ,g>d5s1 once fl[$ a spr+ /yl$ ! ,pe>-,tree1 ,pea-,tree1 or ,?ree-,tree ,well1 ! la/ "n be+ probably ! orig9al "o4 ,9 =m] times x 0 a recognis$ try/+-place = lov]s4 ,a tragic /ory is told 9 connection ) x by ,mr4 ,james ,napi] 9 8 ,notes & ,rem9isc5ces ( ,p>tick4 ,a maid51 nam$ ,ca!r9e ,cl>k1 arrang$ to meet h] lov] !re by night1 nor did %e ev] dream ,b t he 0 :at he did ev] seem4 ,%e nev] return$ to h] home4 ,a few days aft]1 rem>ks ,mr4 ,napi]1 h] body 0 f\nd buri$ ne> a l>ge tree :i* /ood )9 a few y>ds ( ! ,pea-,tree ,well4 ,?is tree 0 aft]w>ds kn[n z ',ca!r9e ,cl>k's ,tree1' & rema9$ = _m ye>s an object ( int]e/ to ! visitors to ?is f>-fam$ well1 & _m a sympa?is+ lov] c>v$ 8 "n 9 rude lett]s on its b>k4 ,b ! tree 0 also an object ( t]ror to ^? :o _h to pass x 9 d>k & lonely nights1 & _m tales 7 told ( p :o _h se5 a "y female =m dress$ 9 :ite1 & /a9$ ) blood1 /&+ at ! tree foot4 ,! tree 0 remov$ _m ye>s ago4 ,! spr+ too is gone1 ! rec5t ext5sion ( ! ,cal$onian ,railway to ,m>yhill hav+ =c$ x to quit ! field4 ,ne> ! moat ( ,li/]l+1 9 c\nty ,kilk5ny1 ,irel&1 is a holy well d$icat$ to ,/4 ,mull51 :o is said to h liv$ = a :ile 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,a f9e haw?orn1 ov]%ad[+ x1 grew--if we c believe a local leg5d--f ! /aff ( ! sa9t1 :i* he !re /uck into ! gr\nd4 ,?is rem9ds "o ( ! fam\s ,gla/onbury ,?orn1 produc$ f ! /aff ( ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 :o fix$ x 9 ! gr\nd "o ,*ri/mas ,day4 ,! /aff took root at once1 put =? bran*es1 & next day 0 cov]$ ) milk-:ite blossoms4 ,/4 ,s]vanus's /aff1 too1 _h a miracul\s end+4 ,he ?rew x across ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 & :5 x fell on ! ,fife coa/1 x took root & became an apple-tree4 ,a gr\p ( ?orn-bu%es1 ne> ,aghaboe1 9 ,que5's ,c\nty1 ,irel&1 0 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,canice4 ,! spr+1 ov]%ad[$ by !m1 0 mu* resort$ to = ! purposes ( devotion4 ,at ,re>ymore1 9 ! same c\nty1 "s haw?orns1 gr[+ beside ,/4 ,f9yan's spr+1 71 & d\btless /ill are1 religi\sly pres]v$ by ! natives4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man is ,*ibb] ,unj91 signify+ ,! ,well ( ! ,a%4 ,beside x grew an a% tree1 =m]ly decorat$ ) votive (f]+s4 ,:at has be5 call$ ! ext]nal s\l has an important place 9 folklore1 & =ms ! !me ( _m folk-tales4 ,primitive man does n ?9k ( ! s\l z spiritual1 b z mat]ial--z some?+ t c be se5 & felt4 ,x c take diff]5t %apes4 ,x c leave ! body dur+ sleep1 & w&] ab\t 9 ! guise ( an animal1 su* z a m\se4 ,consid]able space is devot$ to ?is problem 9 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]'s ,gold5 ,b\gh4 ,mr4 ,fraz] !re rem>ks1 ,!re may be circum/ances 9 :i*1 if ! life or s\l rema9s 9 ! man1 x /&s a great] *ance ( su/a9+ injury ?an if x 7 /[$ away 9 "s safe & secret place4 ,accord+ly1 9 su* circum/ances1 primitive man takes 8 s\l out ( 8 body & deposits x = security 9 "s safe place1 int5d+ to replace x 9 8 body :5 ! dang] is pa/2 or1 if he %\ld discov] "s place ( absolute security1 he may be cont5t to leave 8 s\l !re p]man5tly4 ,! advantage ( ?is is1 t s long z ! s\l rema9s unh>m$ 9 ! place :]e he has deposit$ x1 ! man himself is immortal2 no?+ c kill 8 body1 s9ce 8 life is n 9 x4 ,sometimes ! s\l is believ$ to be /[$ away 9 a tree1 injury to ! latt] involv+ disa/] to ! =m]4 ,! cu/om ( plant+ trees1 & call+ !m aft] c]ta9 p]sons may n[adays h no?+ to d ) ?is notion2 b1 und\bt$ly1 a real connection 0 at "o "t believ$ to exi/ betwe5 ! p>tn]s 9 ! transaction4 ,a c]ta9 oak1 ) mi/letoe gr[+ on x1 0 my/]i\sly associat$ ) ! family ( ,hay4 ,! sup]/ition is expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,:ile ! mi/letoe bats on ,errol's oak ,& t oak /&s fa/1 ,! ,hays %all fl\ri%1 & _! good grey hawk ,%all n fl9* be=e ! bla/4 ,b :5 ! root ( ! oak decays ,& ! mi/letoe dw9es on its )]$ brea/1 ,! grass %all gr[ on ! ,e>l's he>?/one1 ,& ! corbies craw 9 ! falcon's ne/4 ,at ,f9l>ig ,ca/le1 ne> ,kill91 9 ,p]?%ire1 are sev]al trees1 believ$ to be l9k$ ) ! lives ( c]ta9 individuals1 connect$ by family ties ) ! ru9$ =tress4 ,aubrey gives an example ( ?is sup]/ition1 z x exi/$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,he says1 ,i _c omit tak+ notice ( ! great mis=tune 9 ! family ( ! ,e>l ( ,w9*elsea1 :o1 at ,ea/well1 9 ,k5t1 fell$ d[n a mo/ curi\s grove ( oaks ne> 8 own noble seat1 & gave ! fir/ bl[ ) 8 own h&s4 ,%ortly aft]1 ! c\ntess di$ 9 h] b$ sudd5ly1 & 8 elde/ son1 ! ,"l ,maid/one1 0 kill$ at sea by a cannon bullet4 ,9 ! gr\nds ( ,dalh\sie ,ca/le1 ab\t two miles f ,dalkei?1 on ! edge ( a f9e spr+ is ! fam\s ,edgewell ,oak4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 9 8 ,j\rnal1 "u date ,may #ac?1 #ahbi1 writes1 ,w5t ) ! girls to d9e at ,dalh\sie ,ca/le1 :]e we 7 v k9dly receiv$4 ,i saw ! ,edgewell ,tree1 too fatal1 says ,allan ,ramsay1 to ! family f :i* he 0 himself desc5d$4 ,accord+ to a belief 9 ! di/rict1 a bran* fell f ?is tree1 be=e ! dea? ( a memb] ( ! family4 ,! orig9al oak fell e>ly 9 la/ c5tury1 b a new "o sprang f ! old root4 ,an editorial note to ! above entry 9 ! ,j\rnal gives ! foll[+ in=mation3--,! tree is /ill fl\ri%+ 7#ahhi71 & ! belief 9 its sympa?y ) ! family is n yet ext9ct1 z an old =e/]1 on see+ a bran* fall f x on a quiet /ill day 9 ,july1 #ahgd1 exclaim$1 ',! laird's de$1 noo6' &1 accord+ly1 news came soon aft] t ,fox ,maule1 elev5? ,e>l ( ,dalh\sie1 _h di$4 ,! ext]nal s\l 0 sometimes associat$ ) objects o!r ?an liv+ trees4 ,dr4 ,*>les ,rog]s tells u t a pe>1 suppos$ to h be5 en*ant$ by ,hugh ,gif=d1 ,"l ( ,ye/]1 a notable magician 9 ! reign ( ,alex&] ,,iii41 is pres]v$ 9 ! family ( ,br[n ( ,col/on1 z heirs ( ,gif=d's e/ate4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! family is believ$ to be l9k$ ) ! pres]vation ( ! pe>4 ,ev5 an inanimate object w\ld s]ve ! purpose4 ,! glass dr9k+-cup1 kn[n z ! ,luck ( ,ed5hall1 is connect$ ) ! =tunes ( ! ,musgrave family1 & great c>e is tak5 to pres]ve x f injury4 ,tradition says t a company ( fairies 7 mak+ m]ry beside a spr+ ne> ! mansion-h\se1 b t1 be+ fright5$ by "s intrud]1 !y vani%$1 leav+ ! cup 9 "q1 :ile "o ( !m exclaim$3-- ,if ?is cup %\ld break or fall1 ,f>ewell ! luck ( ,ed5hall4 ,"s liv+ object1 h[ev]1 ei!r vegetable or animal1 0 ! usual repository ( ! ext]nal s\l4 ,a famili> folk-tale tells ( a giant ^: he>t 0 9 a swan1 & :o c\ld n be kill$ :ile ! swan liv$4 ,hunt+ 0 a fav\rite occupation among ! inhabitants ( ! ,we/]n ,isles2 b on ! m\nta9 ,f9*ra1 9 ,rum1 no de] 0 kill$ by any memb] ( ! ,la*lan family1 z x 0 believ$ t ! life ( t family 0 9 "s way l9k$ ) ! life ( ^! animals4 ,a curi\s sup]/ition is m5tion$ by ,camd5 9 8 ,britannia4 ,9 a pond ne> ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,maurice1 9 ,burgundy1 7 put z _m fi% z !re 7 monks4 ,:5 any monk 0 tak5 ill1 "o ( ! fi% 0 se5 to float half-dead on ! surface ( ! pond4 ,if ! fi% di$ ! monk di$ too1 ! dea? ( ! =m] giv+ w>n+ ( ! fate ( ! latt]4 ,9 ?is case ! ext]nal s\l 0 ?\ght ( z /[$ away 9 a fi%4 ,z is well kn[n1 ! ,arms ( ! ,city ( ,glasg[ are a bell1 a tree1 a fi% ) a r+ 9 its m\?1 & a bird4 ,! popul> explanation ( ^! emblems connects !m ) c]ta9 miracles1 wr\ght by ,k5tig]n1 ! patron sa9t ( ! burgh4 ,may we n hold t an explanation ( _! symbolism is to be s\ght 9 a pr9ciple1 t =m$ an article 9 ! beliefs ( m51 long be=e ,k5tig]n 0 born1 z well z dur+ 8 "t & s9ce8 ,! bell1 x is true1 _h1 d\btless1 an ecclesia/ical association2 b ! o!r ?ree symbols po9t1 p]haps1 to "s sup]/iti\s notion l ! above4 ,9 v>i\s folk-tales1 z well z 9 ,*ri/ian art1 ! s\l is sometimes typifi$ by a bird4 ,z we h j se51 x has be5 associat$ ) trees & fi%4 ,we are entitl$ !re=e to ask :e!r ! ?ree symbols may n express "o & ! same idea "u diff]5t =ms4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 op5 to anyone to say t !re 7 fi% 9 ! riv]1 on ^: banks ,k5tig]n took up 8 abode1 & q a =e/ ) birds s++ 9 x ar\nd 8 cell1 & t no fur!r explanation ( ! symbolism ne$ be s\ght4 ,all ^!1 x is true1 exi/$ )9 ! sa9t's environm5t1 b may !y n h be5 reg>d$ z types ( ! s\l "u ! guise ( objects famili> to all1 & aft]w>ds gr\p$ toge!r 9 ! burgh ,arms8 ,on ?is hypo!sis1 ! symbols h surviv$ ! belief t gave !m bir?1 & s]ve to connect ! practical life ( to-day1 ) ! vague visions & crude conjectures ( ! pa/4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,*>m-,,/ones ,,9 ,,& ,,out ,,( ,,wat]4 ,/one-wor%ip--,my/]i\s ,prop]ties ( ,/ones--,symbolism ( ,gems --,gno/ics--,abraxas ,gems--,gems 9 ,s>cophagi--,life-/ones--,use ( ,amulets 9 ,scotl&--,yell[ ,/one 9 ,mull--,baul ,muluy--,black ,/ones ( ,iona--,/one z ,m$ic9e--,declan's ,/one--,cur+-/ones /ill us$ = ,cattle--,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots--,amulet at ,abbots=d --,highl& ,retic5ce--,ab]feldy ,cur+-/one--,lapis ,c]anius & ,lapis ,hecticus--,b]n]a--,/4 ,ronan's ,alt>--,blue ,/one 9 ,fladda --,baul ,muluy aga9--,columba's ,:ite ,/one--,lo* ,mana>--,well ne> ,lo* ,torridon--,/ones besides ,spr+s--,heal+-/ones at ,kill9-- ,_! connection ) ,fillan--,morni%--,alt>s & ,crosses--,iona-- ,cla*-a-bra?--,cross at ,kilb]ry--,lun> ,/one 9 ,h>ris-- ,p]=at$ ,/ones--,ivory--,b>beck's ,bone--,add]-beads--,spr9kl+ ,cattle--,elf-bolts--,cla*-na-,brata*--, cla* ,de>g--,lee ,p5ny-- ,lock]bie ,p5ny--,black ,p5ny4 ,we h already se5 t 9 e>ly times wat] 0 an object ( wor%ip4 ,/ones also 7 rev]5c$ z ! embodim5ts ( nature-deities4 ,9 ,we/]n ,europe dur+ ! middle ages1 rem>ks ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 we meet ) sev]al d5unciations ( /one-wor%ip1 prov+ its deep hold on ! p4 ,?us ! wor%ip ( /ones 0 condemn$ by ,!odoric1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & is among ! acts ( hea!nism =bidd5 by ,k+ ,edg> 9 ! t5?1 & by ,cnut 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,ev5 z late z ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! ,presbyt]y ( ,d+wall s\ght to suppress1 among o!r practices ( hea!n orig91 t ( r5d]+ rev]5ce to /ones1 ! /ones 9 "q hav+ be5 consult$ z to future ev5ts4 ,x is n surpris+ !re=e t /ones _h c]ta9 my/]i\s prop]ties ascrib$ to !m4 ,9 all ages preci\s /ones h be5 des]v$ly admir$ = _! beauty1 b1 9 addition1 !y h frequ5tly be5 e/eem$ = _! occult qualities4 ,9 my y\?1 ,mr4 ,james ,napi] tells u1 9 8 ,folklore 9 ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1 !re 0 a belief 9 ! virtue ( preci\s /ones1 :i* add$ a value to !m beyond _! real value z ornam5ts4444 ,ea* /one _h its own symbolic mean+ & its own peculi> influ5ce = imp>t+ good & protect+ f evil & f sickness its =tunate possessor4 ,by ! anci5t ,jews1 ! topaz & ! ame?y/ 7 believ$ to gu>d _! we>]s respectively aga9/ poison & drunk5ness2 :ile ! diamond 0 priz$ z a protection aga9/ ,satanic influ5ce4 ,conc]n+ ! la/-m5tion$ gem1 ,sir ,john ,m&eville1 writ+ ab\t #acef1 says1 ,x makes a man /rong] & firm] aga9/ 8 enemies1 heals him t is lunatic1 & ^? :om ! fi5d pursues & torm5ts4 ,by c]ta9 sects ( ! ,gno/ics1 preci\s /ones 7 mu* ?\ght ( z talismans4 ,among ! sect f\nd$ by ,basilides ( ,egypt1 ! fam\s ,abraxas gems 7 us$ z tok5s by ! initiat$4 ,! ,gno/ics also plac$ gems inscrib$ ) my/ic mottoes 9 s>cophagi1 to rem9d ! dead ( c]ta9 pray]s t 7 ?\ght likely to aid !m 9 ! o!r _w4 ,9 ,sc&9avia1 w>riors 7 9 ! habit ( c>ry+ ab\t ) !m amulets call$ life-/ones or victory-/ones4 ,^! /r5g!n$ ! h& ( ! we>] 9 fight4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 ! use ( amulets 0 n uncommon4 ,a flat oval-%ap$ pebble1 measur+ two & a half in*es 9 greate/ diamet]1 0 pres5t$ 9 #ahfd to ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&4 ,x _h be5 worn z a *>m by a ,=f>%ire f>m]1 :o di$ 9 #ahed at ! age ( eighty-f\r4 ,:5 9 use1 x _h be5 kept 9 a small bag & susp5d$ by a r$ /r+ r\nd ! we>]'s neck4 ,ev5 :5 /ones 7 n us$ z amulets1 !y 7 sometimes held 9 sup]/iti\s reg>d4 ,:5 9 ,mull1 ,m>t9 0 told ( a yell[ /one1 ly+ at ! bottom ( a c]ta9 spr+ 9 ! isl&1 its peculi>ity be+ t x did n get hot1 ?\gh kept ov] ! fire = a :ole day4 ,! same writ] alludes to a c]ta9 /one 9 ,arran1 call$ ,baul ,muluy1 i4e41 ,mol+us1 8 ,/one ,globe4 ,x 0 gre5 9 col\r1 & 0 ab\t ! size ( a goose's egg4 ,! /one 0 us$ by ! isl&]s1 :5 great oa?s _h to be sworn4 ,x 0 also employ$ to disp]se an enemy4 ,:5 ?r[n among ! front ranks1 ! oppos+ army w\ld retreat 9 confusion4 ,9 ?is way ! ,macdonalds 7 said to h ga9$ _m a victory4 ,:5 n 9 use1 ! ,baul ,muluy 0 c>efully kept wrapp$ up 9 clo?4 ,among oa?-/ones1 ! black /ones ( ,iona 7 specially fam\s4 ,^! 7 situat$ to ! we/ ( ,/4 ,m>t9's ,cross1 & 7 call$ black1 n f _! col\r--= !y 7 grey--b f ! effects ( p]jury 9 ! ev5t ( a false oa? be+ sworn by !m4 ,macdonald1 ,"l ( ! ,isles1 knelt on !m1 &1 ) uplift$ h&s1 swore t he w\ld nev] recall ! rights grant$ by him to 8 vassals4 ,su* a hold _h ^! oa?-/ones tak5 on ! popul> imag9ation1 t :5 anyone express$ himself c]ta9 ab\t a p>ticul> ?+1 he gave weight to 8 affirmation1 by say+ t he 0 prep>$ to swe> ^u ! black /ones4 ,bi%op ,pocoke m5tions t ! inhabitants ( ,iona 7 9 ! habit ( break+ (f pieces f a c]ta9 /one ly+ 9 ! *ur*1 to be us$ z m$ic9e = man or bea/ 9 mo/ disord]s1 & especially ! flux4 ,*>m-/ones 7 sometimes associat$ ) e>ly sa9ts4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t ,/4 ,declan's ,/one are giv5 by ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell 9 ! t5? volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&3--,we are told 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,declan t a small /one 0 s5t to him f ,heav5 :ile he 0 say+ ,mass 9 a *ur* 9 ,italy4 ,x came ?r\gh ! w9d[ & re/$ on ! alt>4 ,x 0 call$ ,duivh9 ,deagla9 or ,duivh-mhion ,deagla91 i4e41 ',declan's ,black ,relic4' ,x p]=m$ _m miracles dur+ 8 life1 be+ fam\s = cur+ sore eyes1 heada*es1 c42 & is said to h be5 f\nd 9 8 grave sometime1 ,i ?9k1 dur+ la/ c5tury4 ,its size is two & a-f\r? by "o & ?ree-f\r? in*es1 & on "o side !re is a ,lat9 cross1 incis$ & loop$ at ! top4 ,at ! bottom ( ! /em ( ?is cross !re is ano!r small ,lat9 cross4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! /one !re is a circle1 "o & a-f\r? in* 9 diamet]1 & six holes or pits4 ,cur+ /ones are /ill us$ occasionally 9 connection ) ! diseases ( cattle1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,highl& di/ricts2 b !y h ceas$ to d duty 9 ! treatm5t ( human ailm5ts4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots seems to h be5 a firm believ] 9 _! efficacy4 ,9 a lett] to h] bro!r-9-law1 ,h5ry ! ,?ird ( ,france1 writt5 on ! eve ( h] execution1 ! ,que5 says1 ,%e v5tures to s5d him two r>e /ones1 valuable = ! heal?1 :i* %e hopes w be good1 ) a happy & long life1 ask+ him to receive !m z ! gift ( 8 v affectionate si/]-9 law1 :o is at ! po9t ( dea?1 & 9 tok5 ( true love t[>ds him4 ,9 a case ( curiosities at ,abbots=d1 !re is an amulet t belong$ to ,sir ,walt] ,scott's "m4 ,x some:at resembles crocodile sk9 9 col\r1 & has a sett+ ( silv]4 ,! amulet 0 believ$ to prev5t *ildr5 f be+ bewit*$4 ,x is n[adays difficult to asc]ta9 ! :]eab\ts ( cur+-/ones 9 ! ,highl&s1 ow+ to ! retic5ce ( ^? :o /ill h fai? 9 _! virtues4 ,till lately !re 0 "o 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,ab]feldy t _h be5 9 use1 x is believ$1 = ab\t ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 %ape1 ! *>m some:at resembl$ a human he>t1 & consi/$ ( a wat]-worn pebble fully ?ree in*es 9 greate/ l5g?4 ,:5 requir$ = ! cure ( cattle1 x 0 rubb$ ov] ! affect$ "p or 0 dipp$ 9 wat]1 ! wat] be+ !n giv5 to ! animal to dr9k4 ,rec5tly ! family :o own$ x became ext9ct1 & ! *>m pass$ into o!r h&s4 ,m>t9 gives "s curi\s in=mation ) reg>d to ! employm5t ( *>m-/ones1 among ! inhabitants ( ! ,we/]n ,isles4 ,aft] describ+ a c]ta9 k9d ( /one1 call$ lapis c]anius1 f\nd 9 ! isl& ( ,skye1 he rem>ks1 ,^! /ones are by ! natives call$ ',cramp-/ones1' because 7z !y say7 !y cure ! cramp 9 c[s by wa%+ ! "p affect$ ) wat] 9 :i* ?is /one _h be5 /eep$ = "s h\rs4 ,he m5tions also1 t 9 ! same isl&1 ! /one call$ lapis hecticus 0 deem$ efficaci\s 9 cur+ consumption & o!r diseases4 ,x 0 made r$-hot1 & !n cool$ 9 milk or wat]1 ! liquid be+ drunk by ! pati5t4 ,on ,b]n]a1 ! isl&]s frequ5tly rub _! brea/s ) a p>ticul> /one1 by way ( prev5tion1 & say x is a good pres]vative = heal?4 ,m>t9 adds1 ,?is is all ! m$ic9e !y use3 ,provid5ce is v fav\rable to !m 9 grant+ !m a good /ate ( heal?1 s9ce !y h no physician among !m4 ,9 connection ) 8 visit to ! isl& ( ,rona1 ! same writ] obs]ves1 ,!re is a *apel "h d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ronan1 f5c$ ) a /one wall r\nd2 & !y take c>e to keep x neat & clean1 & sweep x e day4 ,!re is an alt> 9 x1 on :i* !re lies a big plank ( wood1 ab\t t5 feet 9 l5g?2 e foot has a hole 9 x1 & 9 e hole a /one1 to :i* ! natives ascribe sev]al virtues3 "o ( !m is s+ul>1 z !y say1 = promot+ spe$y deliv]y to a woman 9 travail4 ,! blue /one 9 ,fladda1 already ref]r$ to 9 connection ) w9d-*>ms1 did duty z an oa?-/one1 & likewise z a cur+-/one1 its special function be+ to remove /it*es 9 ! side4 ,! ,baul ,muluy 9 ,arran1 allud$ to above1 also cur$ /it*es 9 ! side4 ,:5 ! pati5t w\ld n recov]1 ! /one )drew f ! b$ ( its own accord4 ,a c]ta9 :ite /one1 tak5 by ,columba f ! riv] ,ness1 ne> :at is n[ ! t[n ( ,inv]ness1 _h ! s+ul> p[] ( becom+ invisible1 :5 ! illness ( ! p]son requir+ x w\ld prove fatal4 ,! selection ( ?is /one 0 made 9 connection ) ! sa9t's visit to ! c\rt ( ,brude1 k+ ( ! ,picts1 ab\t ! ye> #efc4 ,adamnan1 :o tells ! /ory1 ?us describes an int]view betwe5 ,columba & ,bro*an 7! k+'s *ief ,druid or ,magus71 conc]n+ ! lib]ation ( a female slave belong+ to ! latt]3 ,! v5]able man1 f motives ( humanity1 bes\ght ,bro*an ! ,druid to lib]ate a c]ta9 ,iri% female captive1 a reque/ :i* ,bro*an h>%ly & ob/9ately refus$ to grant4 ,! sa9t !n spoke to him z foll[s3--',"k1 ,o ,bro*an1 "k1 t if y refuse to set ?is captive free1 z ,i advise y1 y %all die be=e ,i return f ?is prov9ce4' ,hav+ said ?is 9 pres5ce ( ,brude ! k+1 he dep>t$ f ! royal palace1 & proce$$ to ! riv] ,nesa1 f :i* he took a :ite pebble1 &1 %[+ x to 8 companions1 said to !m3--',behold ?is :ite pebble1 by :i* ,god w effect ! cure ( _m diseases4' ,hav+ ?us spok51 he add$1 ',bro*an is puni%$ griev\sly at ?is mom5t1 = an angel s5t f heav51 /rik+ him sev]ely1 has brok5 9 pieces ! glass cup :i* he held 9 8 h&s1 & f :i* he 0 9 ! act ( dr9k+1 & he himself is left half-dead4' ,mess5g]s 7 s5t by ! k+ to ann\nce ! illness ( ,bro*an1 & to ask ,columba to cure him4 ,adamnan cont9ues3--,hav+ he>d ^! words ( ! mess5g]s1 ,sa9t ,columba s5t two ( 8 companions to ! k+ ) ! pebble :i* he _h bless$1 & said to !m3--',if ,bro*an %all fir/ promise to free 8 captive1 imm]se ?is little /one 9 wat]1 & let him dr9k f x2 b if he refuse to lib]ate h]1 he w t in/ant die4' ,! two p]sons s5t by ! sa9t proce$$ to ! palace1 & ann\nc$ ! words ( ! holy man to ! k+ & to ,bro*an1 an ann\ncem5t :i* fill$ !m ) su* fe> t he imm$iately lib]at$ ! captive & deliv]$ h] to ! sa9t's mess5g]s4 ,! /one 0 !n imm]s$ 9 wat]1 &1 9 a wond]ful mann] & contr>y to ! laws ( nature1 x float$ on ! wat] l a nut or an apple1 nor c\ld x be subm]g$4 ,bro*an drank f ! /one z x float$ on ! wat]1 & in/antly recov]$ 8 p]fect heal? & s\ndness ( body4 ,! wond]ful pebble 0 kept by ,k+ ,brude among 8 treasures4 ,on ! day ( ! k+'s dea?1 x rema9$ true to itself1 =1 :5 its aid 0 s\ght1 x c\ld n[h]e be f\nd4 ,accord+ to a tradition curr5t 9 ,su!rl&1 ,lo* ,mana> 9 ,/ra?nav] 0 connect$ ) ano!r :ite pebble1 end[$ ) miracul\s prop]ties4 ,! tradition1 z n>rat$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor 9 ! ,folklore ,j\rnal = #ahhh1 is z foll[s3--,once ^u a "t1 9 ,/ra?nav]1 !re liv$ a woman :o 0 bo? poor & old4 ,%e 0 able to d _m wond]ful ?+s by ! p[] ( a :ite /one :i* %e possess$1 & :i* _h come to h] by inh]itance4 ,"o ( ! ,gordons ( ,/ra?nav] hav+ a ?+ to d1 wi%$ to h bo? h] :ite /one & ! p[] ( x4 ,:5 he saw t %e w\ld n l5d x1 or give x up1 he det]m9$ to seize h]1 & to dr[n h] 9 a lo*4 ,! man & ! woman /ruggl$ !re = a long "t1 till he took up a heavy /one ) :i* to kill h]4 ,%e plung$ into ! lake1 ?r[+ h] magic /one be=e h] & cry+1 ',may x d good to all creat$ ?+s save a ,gordon ( ,/ra?nav]6' ,he /on$ h] to dea? 9 ! wat]1 %e cry+1 ',mana>6 ,mana>6' 7,%ame6 ,%ame674 ,& ! lo* is call$ ! ,lo* ( ,%ame to ?is day4 ,! lo* _h a m ?an local fame1 = invalids resort$ to x f ,orkney 9 ! nor? & ,inv]ness 9 ! s\?3 its wat] 0 deem$ specially efficaci\s on ! fir/ ,monday ( ,febru>y1 ,may1 ,augu/1 & ,novemb]1 7,o4 ,s474 ,! second & ?ird ( ^! dates 7 ! mo/ popul>4 ,! pati5t 0 kept b\nd & half-/>v$ = ab\t a day previ\s1 & imm$iately aft] sunset on ! appo9t$ day1 he 0 tak5 into ! middle ( ! lo* & !re dipp$4 ,8 wet clo!s 7 !n ex*ang$ = dry ones1 & 8 fri5ds took him home 9 ! full expectation ( a cure4 ,belief 9 ! lo*'s p[]s 0 ackn[l$g$ till rec5tly1 & is probably /ill secretly *]i%$ 9 ! di/rict4 ,9 a gravey>d beside ,lo* ,torridon1 9 ,ross-%ire1 is a spr+1 =m]ly believ$ to "w cures4 ,f "t immemorial ?ree /ones h be5 :irl+ 9 ! well1 & x 0 usual to c>ry "o ( ^! 9 a bucket ( wat] to ! invalid :o simply t\*$ ! /one4 ,:5 put back into ! well1 ! /one began to move r\nd & r\nd z be=e4 ,on "o occasion a woman s\ght to cure h] sick goat 9 ! usual way1 b ! pebble evid5tly did n c>e to m9i/] to any creature l[] ?an man1 = :5 replac$ 9 ! well1 x lay motionless at ! bottom ev] aft]w>ds4 ,a c]ta9 ,ka!r9e ,craigie1 :o 0 burn$ z a wit* 9 ,orkney 9 #afdc1 us$ pebbles 9 connection ) ! magical cures wr\ght by h]4 ,h] me?od1 z describ$ by ,dr4 ,rog]s 9 8 ,social ,life 9 ,scotl&1 0 z foll[s3--,into wat] :]e) %e wa%$ ! pati5t %e plac$ ?ree small /ones2 ^!1 be+ remov$ f ! vessel1 7 plac$ on ?ree corn]s ( ! pati5t's h\se f morn+ till night1 :5 !y 7 deposit$ at ! pr9cipal entrance4 ,next morn+ ! /ones 7 ca/ into wat] ) :i* ! sick p]son 0 ano9t$4 ,! process 0 repeat$ e day till a cure 0 effect$4 ,at "s wells1 :at ! wat] lack$ 9 ! matt] ( efficacy 0 suppli$ by c]ta9 /ones ly+ by _! m>g9s4 ,^! /ones1 9 virtue ( a real or fanci$ resemblance to p>ts ( ! human body--su* z ! eye or arm--7 appli$ to ! memb]s correspond+ to !m 9 %ape1 9 ! expectation t ?is w\ld conduce to a cure4 ,at ,kill91 9 ,p]?%ire1 !re are sev]al /ones d$icat$ to ,fillan1 at "o "t mu* us$ 9 ! way describ$4 ,^! are1 h[ev]1 n beside a spr+1 b 9 ! mill ref]r$ to 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,!y lie 9 a ni*e 9 ! inn] wall1 & h be5 !re f an unkn[n pa/4 ,:5ev] a new mill 0 built to replace ! old "o1 a ni*e 0 made 9 ! wall = _! reception4 ,!y are "s sev5 or eight 9 numb]4 ,! l>ge/ ( !m weighs eight lbs4 t5 oz4 ,special int]e/ atta*es to at lea/ two ( !m1 on acc\nt ( c]ta9 m>k+s on "o side1 consi/+ ( %all[ r\nd$ holl[s some:at resembl+ ! cup-m>ks :i* h prov$ su* a puzzle to ar*ologi/s4 ,!re is reason to believe t ! /ones 9 "q 7 at "o "t us$ 9 connection ) mill+ op]ations1 ! holl[s be+ m]ely ! sockets :]e ! sp9dle ( ! upp] mill/one revolv$4 ,on ! sa9t's day 7! n9? ( ,janu>y71 x 0 cu/om>y till n v long ago1 = ! villag]s to assemble at ! mill1 & place a lay] ( /raw bel[ ! /ones4 ,?is cu/om has a p>ticul> int]e/1 = we f9d a c\nt]p>t to x 9 ,sc&9avia1 bo? in/ances be+ cle>ly survivals ( /one-wor%ip4 ,9 c]ta9 m\nta9 di/ricts ( ,norway1 ,dr4 ,tylor tells u 9 8 ,primitive ,culture1 up to ! end ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! peasants us$ to pres]ve r\nd /ones1 wa%$ !m e ,?ursday ev5+ 7:i* seems to %[ t !y repres5t$ ,?or71 sme>$ !m ) butt] be=e ! fire1 laid !m on ! seat ( hon\r on fre% /raw1 & at c]ta9 times ( ! ye> /eep$ !m 9 ale1 t !y might br+ luck & com=t to ! h\se4 ,! ritual "h is m elaborate ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,kill9 /ones2 b ! in/ances are p>allel z reg>ds ! use ( /raw4 ,fully a c\ple ( miles f ,kill91 bel[ ,morni%1 close to ,lo* ,tay1 is ! lonely nettle-cov]$ gravey>d ( ,cladh ,davi1 & on a tomb/one 9 its enclosure lie two r\ndi% /ones1 believ$ to belong to ! same s]ies z ^? 9 ! mill1 & m>k$ ) simil> holl[s4 ,^! /ones 7 ?\ght to cure pectoral inflammation1 ! holl[s be+ fill$ ) wat]1 & appli$ to ! brea/s4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hugh ,mac,millan1 aft] describ+ ! /ones 9 ! volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& = #ahhc-hd1 m5tions t n long s9ce1 a woman1 :o 0 ?us afflict$1 came a consid]able di/ance1 f ! head ( ,gl5 ,lo*ay1 to make use ( ?is rem$y4 ,*>m-/ones 7 sometimes kept on ! alt>s ( anci5t *ur*es1 z 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,ronan's ,*apel1 & ! *ur* 9 ,iona already ref]r$ to4 ,at o!r times !y 7 associat$ ) crosses4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell tells ( an ,iri% cur+-/one 9 %ape l a dumb-bell1 pres]v$ 9 ,killaghtee p>i%1 ,c\nty ,donegal4 ,!re is1 he says1 a fragm5t ( a /one cross on ! top ( a small cairn4 ,9 a cleft or holl[ ( ?is cross is kept a fam\s heal+ /one1 9 ^: virtues !re is /ill a belief4 ,x is frequ5tly remov$ to h\ses 9 :i* sickness exi/s1 b x is inv>iably br\ght back1 & ^? liv+ ne> ! cross c always tell :]e x is to be f\nd1 if x has be5 s remov$4 ,p5nant1 9 connection ) 8 visit to ,iona1 speaks ( c]ta9 /ones ly+ 9 ! p$e/al ( a cross to ! nor?-we/ ( ,/4 ,oran's ,*apel4 ,numb]s :o visit ?is isl&1 he rem>ks1 ?9k x incumb5t on !m to turn ea* ( ^! ?rice r\nd1 accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! sun4 ,!y are call$ ,cla*-a-bra?--= x is ?\ght t ! bra?1 or 'end ( ! _w1' w n arrive till ! /one on :i* !y /& is worn ?r\gh4 ,p5nant ?\ght t ^! /ones 7 ! successors ( ?ree noble globes ( :ite m>ble1 :i*1 accord+ to ,sa*ev]el1 at "o "t lay 9 ?ree /one bas9s1 & 7 turn$ r\nd 9 ! mann] describ$1 b 7 aft]w>ds ?r[n into ! sea by ! ord] ( ! ecclesia/ical au?orities4 ,mac,culloch says t1 9 8 day1 ! sup]/ition connect$ ) ! ,cla*-a-bra? _h di$ out 9 ,iona4 ,we d n ?9k t ?is 0 likely4 ,anyh[ he m5tions t ! boys ( ! village /ill supply a /one = e visitor to turn r\nd on its b$2 & ?us1 9 ! we>+ ( ?is typical globe1 to contribute 8 %>e to ! f9al dissolution ( all ?+s4 ,mac,culloch alludes to ! same sup]/ition z !n exi/+ on "o ( ! ,g>velo* ,isles4 ,sometimes holl[s 7 made on ! p$e/als ( crosses1 n = ! reception ( /one-balls1 b to supply occupation to p]sons und]go+ p5ance4 ,a sculptur$ cross at ,kilb]ry1 9 ,argyll%ire1 has a cavity ( ?is k9d 9 its p$e/al4 ,9 connection ) 8 visit to ,kilb]ry1 ,capta9 ,:ite 0 told t "o ( ! prescrib$ acts ( p5ance 9 connection ) _m ( ! anci5t ,iri% crosses requir$ ! individual "u discipl9e1 :ile kneel+ be=e ! cross1 to scoop out a cavity 9 ! p$e/al1 pe/le-&-mort> fa%ion2 & t su* cavities1 :]e n[ to be se51 %[ 9 ?is way1 v>y+ /ages ( ! process4 ,"o ( ! wond]s ( ,h>ris1 :5 ,m>t9 visit$ ! isl&1 0 a lun> /one ly+ 9 a hole 9 a rock4 ,l ! tides1 x felt ! moon's influ5ce1 = x advanc$ & retir$ accord+ to ! increase or decrease ( t lum9>y4 ,p]=at$ /ones 7 =m]ly mu* e/eem$ z amulets4 ,if a /one1 ) a hole 9 x1 0 ti$ to ! key ( a /able-door1 x w\ld prev5t ! wit*es f /eal+ ! horses4 ,pre-hi/oric relics ( ?is k9d 7 mu* us$ to w>d (f malign influ5ces f cattle1 or to cure diseases caus$ by ! fairies4 ,ure1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,ru!rgl5 & ,kilbride1 ref]s to a r+ ( black s*i/us f\nd 9 a cairn 9 ! p>i% ( ,in*9nan4 ,x 0 believ$ to "w wond]ful cures4 ,ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 a flat r$di% /one1 hav+ not*es & ) two holes bor$ ?r\gh x1 0 pres5t$ to ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&4 ,x came f ,islay1 & _h be5 us$ !re z a *>m4 ,x belong$ to ! ,/one ,age1 & _h1 d\btless1 s]v$ its fir/ possessor z a p]sonal ornam5t4 ,ivory _h magical prop]ties attribut$ to x4 ,! fam\s ,b>beck's ,bone--once ! prop]ty ( ! ,campbells ( ,b>beck1 9 ,craigni% p>i%1 ,argyll%ire1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,antiquities--is a piece ( ivory sev5 in*es long1 f\r broad1 & half an in* ?ick4 ,at "o "t x _h a great reputation 9 ! ,we/ ,highl&s = ! cure ( insanity4 ,x 0 c\nt$ s valuable t1 :5 x 0 l5t1 a deposit ( "o hundr$ p\nds /]l+ _h to be made4 ,! antiqu>ian objects1 popul>ly call$ add]-beads1 s]p5t /ones1 or druidical beads1 7 frequ5tly us$ = ! cure ( cattle4 ,! beads 7 dipp$ 9 wat]1 & ! liquid 0 !n giv5 to ! animals to dr9k4 ,^! relics ( a long-=gott5 pa/ h be5 f\nd f "t to "t 9 anci5t places ( sepulture1 & z !y usually occur s+ly1 x has be5 conjectur$ t !y 7 plac$ !re z amulets4 ,_m ( !m1 rem>ks ,sir ,daniel ,wilson 9 8 ,pre-hi/oric ,annals1 are exce$+ly beautiful1 & are *>act]is$ by consid]able +5uity 9 ! v>iations ( /yle4 ,among ^? 9 ! ,scotti% ,museum !re is "o ( r$ glass spott$ ) :ite2 ano!r ( d>k br[n glass /reak$ ) yell[2 o!rs ( pale gre5 & blue glass1 pla9 & ribb$2 & two ( curi\sly figur$ patt]ns1 wr\ght ) v>i\s col\rs int]wov5 on _! surface4 ,a f9e specim5 ( ?is species ( amulet 0 discov]$ 9 a grave m\nd at ,edd]t\n1 9 ,ross-%ire1 dur+ ! progress ( ! railway op]ations 9 #ahfd4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,joass1 :o int]e/$ himself 9 ! antiqu>ian discov]ies !n made1 ?us describes ! f9d3--,! glass1 ( :i* ?is bead 0 compos$1 0 ( a d>k blue col\r1 & b p>tially transp>5t4 ,x 0 ornam5t$ by ?ree volutes1 :i* suffic$ to surr\nd x4 ,^! 7 trac$ 9 a yell[ pigm5t 7or enamel7 z h>d z ! glass & seem+ to s9k slightly bel[ ! surface into ! body ( ! bead1 z c\ld be se5 :]e ?is 0 flatt5$1 z if by gr9d+ at ! opposite ends ( its orifice4 ,^! add]-beads seem to h be5 common 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,edw>d ,llwyd1 :o visit$ ,scotl& 9 #afii1 saw fifty diff]5t =ms ( !m betwe5 ,wales & ! ,scotti% ,highl&s4 ,cry/al balls1 he tells u1 7 frequ5tly put into a tub ( wat] on ,may ,day1 ! cont5ts ( ! tub be+ spr9kl$ ov] cattle to keep !m f be+ bewit*$4 ,fl9t arr[-heads--! weapons ( e>ly times--became ! amulets ( a lat] age4 ,9 folklore !y are kn[n z elf-bolts4 ,popul> cr$ulity imag9$ t !y 7 us$ by ! fairies = ! de/ruction ( cattle4 ,:5 an animal 0 attack$ by "s sudd5 & my/]i\s disease1 x 0 believ$ to be elf-%ot ev5 ?\gh no w\nd c\ld be se5 on its body4 ,to cure ! c[1 ! usual me?od 0 to make x dr9k "s wat] 9 :i* an elf-bolt _h be5 dipp$1 on ! pr9ciple ( tak+ a hair ( ! dog t bit y4 ,elf-arr[s 7 at "o "t ?\ght to be s]viceable to man also4 ,! cu/om 0 n unkn[n ( sew+ "o ( !m 9 "s "p ( ! dress z a *>m aga9/ ! influ5ce ( ! evil eye4 ,occasionally "o /ill sees !m do+ duty z broo*es1 & 9 t =m1 if n n[ priz$ z amulets1 !y are e/eem$ z ornam5ts4 ,sir ,j4 ,y4 ,simpson1 9 8 ,ar*ological ,essays1 gives "s int]e/+ p>ticul>s ab\t two anci5t *>m-/ones1 ! prop]ty ( two ,highl& families = _m g5]ations4 ,( ^!1 ! ,cla*-na-,brata*1 or ,/one ( ! ,/&>d1 belongs to ! head ( ! ,clan ,donna*ie4 ,x is describ$ z a transp>5t1 globul> mass ( rock cry/al ( ! size ( a small apple4 ,its surface has be5 artificially poli%$4 ,! /one 0 pick$ up by ! !n *ief ( ! clan %ortly be=e ! battle ( ,bannockburn4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 a clod ( e>? adh]+ to ! /&>d :5 drawn out ( ! gr\nd1 & on acc\nt ( its brilliancy ! *ief =etold a victory4 ,9 lat] times x 0 us$ to pr$ict ! =tunes ( ! clan4 ,we are told t be=e ! battle ( ,%]iffmuir1 9 #agae1 :i* prov$ s disa/r\s to ! cause ( ! ,/u>ts1 z well z to t ( ,clan ,donna*ie1 ! ,cla*-na-,brata* 0 f\nd to h a flaw1 n se5 till !n4 ,:5 want$ to imp>t curative virtue to wat]1 ! ,cla*-na-,brata* 0 dipp$ 9 x ?rice by ! h& ( ! *ief4 ,! o!r *>m-/one allud$ to is ! ,cla* ,de>g1 or ,/one ( ,ardvoirli*4 ,x resembles ! ,cla*-na-,brata* 9 appe>ance1 ?\gh x is some:at small] 9 size4 ,x diff]s f x1 moreov]1 9 be+ surr\nd$ by f\r silv] b&s ( ea/]n workman%ip4 ,! *>m has belong$ to ! family ( ,ardvoirli* f an unkn[n pa/1 b !re is no tradition z to its e>ly hi/ory4 ,z a heal+ ag5t x has _h m ?an a local fame4 ,:5 its help 0 s\ght c]ta9 rules _h to be att5d$ to4 ,! p]son com+ to ,ardvoirli* 0 requir$ to draw ! wat] himself1 & br+ x into ! h\se 9 ! vessel 9 :i* ! *>m 0 to be dipp$4 ,a bottle ( ?is wat] 0 !n c>ri$ to ! invalid's home4 ,if ! be>] call$ at any h\se by ! way1 x 0 requisite t ! bottle %\ld be left outside1 o!rwise ! wat] w\ld lose its p[]4 ,9 ! mansion-h\se ( ,lee1 "s ?ree miles nor? ( ,lan>k1 is kept ! ,lee ,p5ny1 an amulet ( ev5 great] fame ?an ! ,cla*-na-,brata* or ! ,cla* ,de>g4 ,?is *>m--! prototype ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,talisman--is a semi-transp>5t gem ( a d>k r$ col\r4 ,x is set 9 a silv] co91 believ$ to be a groat ( ,edw>d ! ,f\r?4 ,9 %ape x rudely resembles a he>t4 ,?is circum/ance d\btless /r5g!n$ ! orig9al belief 9 its magical p[]s1 if1 inde$1 x did n give rise to x4 ,! tradition is1 t ,sir ,simon ,lockh>t1 an ance/or ( ! pres5t own] ( ! e/ate1 left ,scotl& along ) ,sir ,james ,d\glas1 9 ! ye> #accj1 to convey ! he>t ( ,rob]t ,bruce to ! ,holy ,l&4 ,d\glas 0 kill$ 9 ,spa9 9 a battle ) ! ,moors1 & ,sir ,simon return$ to ,scotl&1 br++ ! he>t ) him4 ,he _h v>i\s adv5tures 9 connection ) ?is mission4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! capture ( a ,s>ac5 pr9ce1 :o1 h[ev]1 obta9$ 8 fre$om = a l>ge sum4 ,:ile ! money 0 be+ c\nt$ out ! amulet 9 "q accid5tally fell into ! heap ( co91 & 0 claim$ z "p ( ! ransom4 ,previ\s to its appe>ance 9 ,scotl& x _h be5 mu* e/eem$ z a cure = hemorrhage & fev]4 ,aft] x 0 br\ght to our %ores its fame increas$ r ?an wan$4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,*>les ! ,fir/ x 0 tak5 to ,newca/le-on-,tyne to /ay a pe/il5ce rag+ !re1 a bond = six ?\s& p\nds be+ giv5 z a gu>antee ( its safe return4 ,! amulet did its "w s well1 t to ensure its ret5tion 9 ! t[n ! bond w\ld h be5 will+ly =feit$4 ,x 0 reckon$ ( use 9 ! treatm5t ( almo/ any ailm5t1 b specially 9 cases ( hydrophobia4 ,a cure effect$ by x at ! beg9n+ ( la/ c5tury is on record4 ,lady ,baird ( ,saughton ,hall1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 %[$ :at 7 believ$ to be symptoms ( rabies f ! bite ( a dog4 ,at h] reque/ ! ,lee ,p5ny 0 s5t to ,saughton ,hall4 ,%e drank & ba!d 9 wat] 9 :i* x _h be5 dipp$1 & re/oration 0 ! result4 ,! amulet 0 also us$ = ! cure ( cattle1 & :5 e o!r rem$y fail$ rec\rse 0 _h to ! wond]-work+ gem4 ,:5 x 0 employ$ = !rapeutic purposes1 ! foll[+ 0 ! modus op]&i3--,x 0 drawn once r\nd ! vessel conta9+ ! wat] to be r5d]$ m$ic9al1 & 0 !n plung$ ?rice into ! liquid2 b no words ( incantation 7 us$4 ,= ?is reason ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 :5 seek+ to aboli% c]ta9 practices ( hea!n orig91 sanction$ ! cont9u$ use ( ! ,lee ,p5ny z a *>m4 ,a compla9t 0 made aga9/ ! ,laird ( ,lee an5t ! sup]/iti\s us+ ( ane /ane set 9 silv] = ! cur+ ( diseas$ cattell4 ,! compla9t came be=e ! ,assembly :i* met 9 ,glasg[2 b ! case 0 dismiss$ on ! gr\nd t ! rite 0 p]=m$ wt\t us+ onie words su* z *>m]s & sorc]]s use 9 _! unlawfull practices2 & consid]+ t 9 nature !re are mony ?+s se5 to "w /range effects1 q4r4 ( no human wit c give a reason4 ,nev]!less ! ,laird ( ,lee 0 admoni%$ 9 ! use+ ( ! said /ane to tak he$ t x be us$ h]eaft] w4t4 ! lea/ sc&al t possiblie may be4 ,belief 9 ! efficacy ( ! amulet cont9u$ to hold its gr\nd 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lee till t[>ds ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,9 #ahci phials ( wat] :i* _h felt its magical t\* 7 to be se5 hang+ up 9 byres to protect ! cattle f evil influ5ces4 ,"s fifte5 ye>s e>li] a ,york%ire f>m] c>ri$ away wat] f ,lee to cure "s ( 8 cattle :i* _h be5 bitt5 by a mad dog4 ,atta*$ to ! amulet is a small silv] *a9 :i* facilitat$ its use :5 its s]vices 7 requir$4 ,! *>m is kept 9 a gold box1 pres5t$ by ! ,empress ,m>ia ,!resa4 ,ano!r s\?-c\ntry amulet1 n1 h[ev]1 s fam\s z ! ,lee ,p5ny1 is ! piece ( silv]1 kn[n z ! ,lock]bie ,p5ny4 ,x 01 & /ill is1 we suppose1 us$ to cure madness 9 cattle4 ,9 8 ,folklore ( ! ,nor!rn ,c\nties1 ,mr4 ,h5d]son gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t ! *>m3--,x is put 9 a cleft /ick & a well is /irr$ r\nd ) x1 aft] :i* ! wat] is bottl$ (f & giv5 to any animal s affect$4 ,a few ye>s ago1 9 a ,nor?umbrian f>m1 a dog bit an ass1 & ! ass bit a c[2 ! p5ny 0 s5t =1 & a deposit ( fifty p\nds /]l+ actually left till x 0 re/or$4 ,! dog 0 %ot1 ! cuddy di$1 b ! c[ 0 sav$ ?r\gh ! miracul\s virtue ( ! *>m4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! f>m] :o borr[$ ! ,p5ny1 sev]al bottles ( wat] 7 f\nd /[$ away 9 a cupbo>d labell$ ,lock]bie ,wat]4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son also m5tions ano!r ,bord] amulet1 kn[n z ! ,black ,p5ny1 = long ! prop]ty ( a family at ,hume-by]s4 ,x is l>g] ?an an ord9>y p5ny1 & is believ$ to be a ,roman co9 or m$al4 ,:5 br\ght into use x %\ld be dipp$ 9 a well1 ! wat] ( :i* runs t[>ds ! s\?4 ,mr4 ,h5d]son adds3--,popul> belief /ill upholds ! virtue ( ?is rem$y2 b1 alas6 x is lo/ to ! _w4 ,a fri5d ( m9e in=ms me t half a g5]ation back ! ,hume-by]s ,p5ny 0 borr[$ by "s p]sons resid+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,morpe? & nev] return$4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,pilgrimages ,,to ,,wells4 ,mod]n & ,anci5t ,pilgrimages--,b5efits f ,pilgrimages-- ,cu?b]t's ,%r9e at ,durham--,cross ( ,crail--,pilgrims' ,well & ,/4 ,m>?a's ,hospital at ,ab]d\r--,n9ian's ,%r9e at ,:i?orn & ! ,holy ,wells ( ,wigt[n%ire--,k5tig]n's ,%r9e & ,spr+ at ,glasg[--,*apel & ,well ( ,grace--,:itekirk--,isle ( ,may--,witness ( ,ar*ology--,m>mion--,e>ly ,attempts 9 ,engl& to regulate ,pilgrimages to ,wells--,attempts 9 ,scotl& aft] ,re=mation--,enactm5ts by ,*ur* & ,/ate--,in/ances ( ,visits to ,wells--,*ang$ ,po9t ( ,view--,craigie ,well--,d[ny ,well--,sug> & ,wat] ,sunday 9 ,cumb]l&--,sacr$ ,dramas at ,wells-- ,fe/ivities--,/4 ,m>g>et's ,well at ,w]eham--,:at happ5$ 9 ,irel&--,patrons--,%ell-m\nd--,sell+ ,wat]--,fairs at ,spr+s --,"s ,examples--,secrecy ( ,visits to ,wells4 ,n[adays p put ,murray or ,black1 or "s simil> volume1 into _! portmanteau1 & set (f by rail on :at !y call a pilgrimage4 ,9 ?is case ! t]m is a synonym = sight-see+1 usually accompli%$ "u fairly com=table conditions4 ,9 anci5t times pilgrimages 71 z a rule1 s]i\s matt]s ) a s]i\s aim4 ,%akespe>e says1 9 ,two ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona3-- ,a true devot$ pilgrim is n we>y ,to measure k+doms ) 8 feeble /eps4 ,! object ( su* j\rneys 0 to b5efit ei!r s\l or body1 or bo?4 ,! do+ ( p5ance1 or ! fulfill+ ( a v[1 s5t devotees to c]ta9 sacr$ spots1 sometimes 9 di/ant l&s1 sometimes )9 our own f\r seas4 ,cu?b]t's %r9e at ,durham1 :]e ! sa9t's body 0 f9ally deposit$ 9 #ajgj1 aft] its ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s' w&]+s1 0 a not$ resort ( pilgrims 9 ! middle ages1 & _m cures 7 wr\ght at x4 ,ar*bi%op ,eyre1 on ! au?ority ( ,reg9ald ( ,durham1 tells ( a c]ta9 man ( noble bir?1 belong+ to ! s\? ( ,engl&1 :o c\ld n f9d relief = 8 leprosy4 ,he 0 told to light ?ree c&les1 & to d$icate !m respectively to ,/4 ,edmund1 ,/4 ,e!ldri?1 & ,/4 ,cu?b]t1 & to visit ! %r9e ( ! sa9t ^: c&le fir/ burn$ out4 ,! c&les 7 light$1 & ! om5 indicat$ ! la/-m5tion$ sa9t4 ,accord+ly1 he travell$ to ! nor? c\ntry1 &1 aft] v>i\s religi\s ex]cises1 drew ne> ! %r9e ( ,cu?b]t1 & 0 cur$4 ,! %r9e 9 "q 0 kn[n ev5 z f> (f z ,norway4 ,on "o occasion1 at lea/1 viz41 9 #aagb1 its miracul\s aid 0 s\ght by an invalid f t c\ntry4 ,a "y man ( ,b]g51 :o 0 bl9d1 deaf1 & dumb1 _h s\ght relief at ,sc&9avian %r9es = six ye>s1 b 9 va94 ,! bi%op sugge/$ t he %\ld try ! virtue ( an ,engli% %r9e1 & recomm5d$ t lots %\ld be ca/1 to det]m9e :e!r x 0 to be t ( ,/4 ,edmund1 ,/4 ,?omas1 or ,/4 ,cu?b]t4 ,! lot fell to ,/4 ,cu?b]t4 ,! "y man pass$ ?r\gh ,scotl& to ,durham1 & return$ home cur$4 ,! miracle1 d\btless1 /ill fur!r increas$ ! sanctity ( ! sa9t's tomb4 ,! ,cross ( ,crail1 9 ,fife1 _h ! p[] ( work+ wond]ful cures2 & _m 7 ! pilgrims :o flock$ to x4 ,ab]d\r1 9 ! same c\nty1 _h m ?an a local fame4 ,! "n ( ,! ,pilgrims' ,well !re tells its own tale4 ,?is well is n[ fill$ up1 b = c5turies x attract$ cr[ds ( pilgrims4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! spot 0 s popul> t ab\t #adge1 at ! sugge/ion ( ,sir ,john ,scott1 vic> ( ,ab]d\r1 ! ,e>l ( ,morton grant$ a piece ( l& = ! erection ( an hospital to accommodate ! pilgrims4 ,?is hospital 0 nam$ aft] ,/4 ,m>?a4 ,x is n c]ta9 to :om ! ,pilgrims' ,well 0 d$icat$2 b ,fillan 0 probably its patron1 z ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,ross conjectures1 9 an article on ! subject 9 ! ?ird volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&4 ,! *ur* ( ,ab]d\r 0 d$icat$ to ! sa9t 9 "q2 & ! well 0 ne> ! old *ur*y>d4 ,n9ian's %r9e at ,:i?orn 0 ! sc5e ( v>i\s miracles dur+ ! middle ages4 ,9 #adbe ,james ! ,fir/ grant$ a safe-conduct to all /rang]s1 com+ to ,scotl& to visit x2 & ,james ! ,f\r? made a pilgrimage to x once a ye>1 & sometimes (t5]4 ,x is likely1 rem>ks ! ,rev4 ,daniel ,conway 9 an article on consecrat$ spr+s 9 ! s\?-we/ ( ,scotl&1 t ! spots 9 ,wigt[n%ire1 :]e ,holy ,wells 71 m>k$ ! r\te pursu$ by pilgrims b5t on do+ homage to ! relics ( ,/4 ,n9ian at ,:i?orn4 ,:i?orn 0 n ! only %r9e visit$ by ,james ! ,f\r?4 ,he w5t repeat$ly on pilgrimage to ,/4 ,&rews1 ,dunf]ml9e1 & ,ta91 & left (f]+s at ! %r9es ( _! respective sa9ts4 ,:5 on pilgrimage ! k+ 0 usually accompani$ by a l>ge ret9ue1 includ+ a company ( m9/rels4 ,he lik$ to h 8 dogs & hawks ) him too1 to h a little hunt+ by ! way4 ,/4 ,k5tig]n's ,well1 9 ! s-call$ crypt ( ,glasg[ ,ca!dral1 has already be5 m5tion$4 ,9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood is ! spot believ$ to m>k ! la/ re/+ place ( ! sa9t4 ,till ! ,re=mation 8 %r9e attract$ cr[ds ( pilgrims4 ,on special occasions 8 relics 7 display$1 includ+ 8 bones1 8 hair %irt1 & 8 sc\rge1 & a r$ liquor t fl[$ f 8 tomb4 ,^!1 along ) o!r relics belong+ to ! ca!dral1 7 tak5 to ,france by ,ar*bi%op ,beaton 9 #aefj4 ,9 ! anci5t p>i% ( ,dundurcus1 ,elg9%ire1 n f> f ! riv] ,spey1 once /ood ! ,*apel ( ,grace1 & close to x 0 a well ( ! same "n4 ,! place 0 a fav\rite resort ( pilgrims4 ,lady ,aboyne w5t to x once a ye>1 a di/ance ( ov] ?irty miles1 & walk$ ! la/ two miles ( ! way on h] b>e feet4 ,9 #afch an attempt 0 made to put a /op to ! pilgrimages1 by de/roy+ :at !n rema9$ ( ! *apel4 ,! attempt1 h[ev]1 seems to h be5 fruitless1 = 9 #agge1 ,%aw1 ! hi/orian ( ,moray1 m5tions t to x multitudes f ! we/]n isles d /ill resort1 & no?+ %ort ( viol5ce c re/ra9 _! sup]/ition4 ,9 #adce1 :5 neas ,silvius 7aft]w>ds ,pope ,pius ! ,second7 0 sail+ f ! l[ c\ntries to ,scotl& on a political mission1 he 0 twice ov]tak5 by a /orm1 & 0 9 su* dang] t he v[$ to make a pilgrimage1 %\ld he escape dr[n+4 ,at l5g? he rea*$ ! ,hadd+ton%ire coa/ 9 safety1 &1 to fulfil 8 v[1 set (f b>efoot1 ov] ice-cov]$ gr\nd1 to ,:itekirk1 t5 miles away1 :]e !re 7 a *apel & well1 d$icat$ to ! ,virg94 ,! j\rney left its m>k on ! pilgrim1 = we are told t he _h a*es 9 8 jo9ts ev] aft]w>ds4 ,/4 ,adrian's ,*apel1 9 ! ,isle ( ,may1 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 _h a great reputation be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,! isl& has /ill its ,pilgrims' ,hav51 & its ,pilgrims' ,well close by4 ,ar*ology be>s witness to ! popul>ity ( pilgrimages 9 =m] times4 ,betwe5 ,moxley ,nunn]y1 9 ,york%ire1 & ,/4 ,john's ,well1 ab\t a mile away1 are ! rema9s ( a causeway1 laid d[n = ! conv5i5ce ( devotees4 ,at ,/5ton1 9 ,hadd+ton%ire1 ne> ! road lead+ to ,dunb>1 is ! well ( ! ,holy ,rood1 cov]$ by a small circul> build+ ) a conical ro(4 ,! well is n[ fill$ up4 ,its =m] importance is indicat$ by ! fact t ! pa?way betwe5 x & ! old *ur*1 "s two hundr$ y>ds (f1 _h a /one pavem5t1 imply+ consid]able traffic to & f ! spr+4 ,9 ! quiet ,banff%ire p>i% ( ,inv]av51 is a spr+1 at ,*apelton ( ,kilmai*lie1 ne> ! site ( an anci5t *apel4 ,! spr+ is n[ almo/ =gott51 b its cas+ ( /one %[s t1 at "o "t1 x 0 an object ( int]e/ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! au?or ( ,m>mion1 :5 describ+ ! arrival1 at ,l9disf>ne1 ( ! b>k conta9+ ,/4 ,hilda's holy maids f ,:itby1 has ! foll[+ picturesque l9es3-- ,! tide did n[ its flood-m>k ga91 ,& girdl$ 9 ! sa9t's doma93 ,=1 ) ! fl[ & ebb1 its /yle ,v>ies f cont95t to isle2 ,dry-%od1 o'er s&s1 twice e day1 ,! pilgrims to ! %r9e f9d way2 ,twice1 e day1 ! waves efface ,( /aves & s&all$ feet ! trace4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! same poem1 9 connection ) ! ,lady ,cl>e's que/ ( wat] = ! dy+ ,m>mion1 we f9d ! foll[+ ref]5ce3-- ,:]e %all %e turn8--behold h] m>k ,a little f\nta9 cell1 ,:]e wat]1 cle> z diamond-sp>k1 ,9 a /one bas9 fell6 ,above1 "s half-worn lett]s say1 ',dr9k 4 we>y 4 pilgrim 4 dr9k 4 & 4 pray 4 ,= 4 ! 4 k9d 4 s\l 4 ( 4 ,sybil 4 ,grey 4 ,:o 4 built 4 ?is 4 cross 4 & 4 well4' ,9 ,engl&1 dur+ ! middle ages1 !re 7 v>i\s attempts to regulate ! cu/om ( mak+ pilgrimages to wells4 ,a canon ( ,k+ ,edg>1 ( date #ifc1 prohibit$ ! sup]/iti\s resort+ to f\nta9s1 & 9 #aajb1 "o ( ! canons ( ,/4 ,anselm p]mitt$ only su* wells to be visit$ z 7 approv$ ( by ! bi%op4 ,9 ,scotl&1 vigor\s ef=ts 7 made1 aft] ! ,re=mation1 to aboli% ! practice4 ,bo? ,*ur* & ,/ate comb9$ to br+ ab\t ?is result4 ,9 an ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 ( date #aeha1 allusion is made to ! p]v]s incl9ation ( mannis +yne to sup]/iti\n ?r\gh :i* ! dregges ( idolatrie yit remanis 9 div]s pairtis ( ! realme be use+ ( pilgrimage to sum *appellis1 wellis1 croces1 & sic o!r monum5tis ( idolatrie1 z also be obs]v+ ( ! fe/ual dayis ( ! santes sumtyme namit _! patronis 9 sett+ =? ( ba9 fyres1 s++ ( c>oles )9 & ab\t kirkes at c]tane seasones ( ! yeir4 ,9 #afbi ! practice 0 /]nly =bidd5 by an edict f ! ,privy ,c\ncil4 ,9 connection ) ?is edict1 ,dalyell rem>ks1 ,x seems n to h be5 en\gh t congregations 7 int]dict$ f ! pulpit prec$+ ! wont$ p]iod ( resort1 or t individuals1 humbl$ on _! knees1 9 public ackn[l$gm5t ( _! (f5ce1 7 rebuk$ or f9$ = disob$i5ce4 ,n[1 x 0 decl>$ t1 = ! purpose ( re/ra9+ ! sup]/iti\s resort1 '9 pilgrimages to *appellis & wellis1 :i* is s frequ5t & common 9 ?is k+dome1 to ! great (f5ce ( ,god1 sc&all ( ! kirk1 & disgrace ( 8 ,maje/eis gov]nm5t2 t commission]s cause dilig5t se>* at all su* pairts & places :]e ?is idolatr\s sup]/iti\n is us$1 & to take & appreh5d all su*e p]sons ( :atsomev] rank & qualitie :om !y sall depreh5d go+ 9 pilgrimage to *appellis & wellis1 or :ome !y sall "k ?ameselffes to be guiltie ( t cryme1 & to commit ?ame to waird1 until measures %\ld be adopt$ = _! trial & puni%m5t4' ,prior to ! date ( ! above edict ! ,privy ,c\ncil _h n be5 idle1 cr[ds ( p 7 9 ! habit ( mak+ a pilgrimage on ,may ,day to ,*ri/'s ,well1 9 ,m5tei?1 :]e !y p]=m$ c]ta9 sup]/iti\s rites4 ,accord+ly1 9 #afbd1 a ,commission 0 issu$ to a numb] ( g5tlem5 belong+ to ! di/rict in/ruct+ !m to /ation !mselves beside ! well1 to appreh5d ! pilgrims & to remove !m to ! ,ca/le ( ,d\ne4 ,ev5 su* measures did n cause ! practice to cease4 ,9 #afbh sev]al p]sons 7 accus$ be=e ! kirk-session ( ,falkirk ( go+ 9 pilgrimage to ! well 9 "q1 & be+ f\nd guilty1 7 ord]$ to appe> 9 *ur* ?ree appo9t$ ,sundays1 clad 9 ! g>b ( p5it5ts4 ,! same ye> ! foll[+ w>n+ 0 issu$ by ! a=esaid kirk-session3--,x is /atute & orda9$ t if any p]son or p]sons be f\nd sup]/iti\sly & idolatr\sly1 aft] ?is1 to h pass$ 9 pilgrimage to ,*ri/'s ,well1 on ! ,sundays ( ,may to seek _! heal?1 !y %all rep5t 9 sacco & l95 ?ree sev]al ,sabba?s1 & pay tw5ty lib4 7,scots7 toties quoties = ilk fault2 & if !y _c pay x ! baillies %all be recomm5d$ to put !m 9 w>d1 & to be f$ on bread & wat] = aught days4 ,scotti% ecclesia/ical records1 inde$1 be> ample te/imony to ! zeal display$ by ! ,*ur* 9 putt+ a /op to su* visits4 ,9 8 ,dome/ic ,annals ( ,scotl&1 ,*amb]s gives ! foll[+ picture ( :at 0 done by ! kirk-session ( ,p]?4 ,! example %[s ! l9es usually foll[$ 9 connection ) su* prosecutions3--,at ,hunt+t[] !re 0 a well1 ! wat] ( :i* 0 believ$ to h sanative qualities :5 us$ "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,9 ,may1 #afah1 two wom5 ( humble rank 7 be=e ! kirk-session ( ,p]?1 ':o1 be+ ask$ if !y 7 at ! well 9 ! bank ( ,hunt+t[] ! la/ ,sabba?1 if !y drank !re(1 & :at !y left at x1 answ]$1 t !y drank !re(1 & t ea* ( !m left a pr9 7p97 !reat1 :i* 0 f\nd to be a po9t ( idolatrie 9 putt+ ! well 9 ,god's room4' ,!y 7 ea* f9$ six %ill+s1 & compell$ to make public av[al ( _! rep5tance4 ,9 ! p>i% ( ,nigg1 ,k9c>d9e%ire1 is ,/4 ,fittack's or ,/4 ,fiacre's ,well1 situat$ close to ! sea4 ,x is )9 easy rea* ( ,ab]de5 across ! ,dee4 ,_m a visit 0 paid to x by ! inhabitants ( t burgh1 f motives ( sup]/ition4 ,! ,ab]de5 kirk-session1 h[ev]1 did its duty 9 ! matt]1 & repeat$ly =bade su* visits4 ,9 #afcj1 ,m>grat ,davidson1 sp\s to ,&ro ,adam1 0 adjudget 9 ane unlaw ( fyve p\ndis to be pay$ to ! collector = direct+ hir n[riss ) hir bairne to ,sanct ,fiackres ,well1 & we%+ ! bairne ?>9 = recovirie ( hir heal?2 & ! said ,m>grat & hir n[riss 7 orda9it to ackn[l$ge ?air (f5ce be=e ! ,session = ?air fault1 & = leave+ ane (f]+ 9 ! well4 ,! sa9t1 to :om ! well 0 d$icat$1 is believ$ to h migrat$ f ,scotl& to ,france e>ly 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & to h be5 held 9 mu* e/eem !re4 ,f ,butl]'s ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts we get ! curi\s in=mation t ! "n fiacre 0 fir/ giv5 to hackney coa*es1 because hir$ c>riages 7 fir/ made use ( = ! conv5i5ce ( pilgrims :o w5t f ,p>is to visit ! %r9e ( ?is sa9t4 ,a well at ,air?1 9 ,/irl+%ire1 0 = long a c5tre ( attraction4 ,:at 0 done !re may be le>n$ f "s entries 9 ! local kirk-session records quot$ 9 ,hone's ,e-,day ,book3--,feb4 #c1 #ageg4 ,session conv5it4 ,compe>$ ,bessie ,?omson1 :o declairit s*oe w5t to ! well at ,air?1 & t s*oe left money ?airat & aft] ! c 0 fillat ) wat]1 !y keepit x f t\*+ ! gr\nd till !y cam hom4 ,febru>y #bd?4--,compeir$ ,rob]t ,fuird1 :o decl>$ he w5t to ! well ( ,air? & spoke no?+ als he w5t1 & t ,m>grat ,walk] w5t ) him1 & s*oe said ye belief ab\t ! well1 & left money & ane napk9 at ! well1 & all 0 done at h] injunction4 ,m>* #ba4--;,compeir$ ,rob]t ,ffuird :o declairit yat ,m>grat ,walk] w5t to ye well ( ,air? to fet* wat] to ,rob]t ,c[ie1 & :5 s*oe com ?air s*oe laid d[n money 9 ,god's "n1 & ane napk9 9 ,rob]t ,c[ie's "n4 ,! session ord]$ ! del9qu5ts to be admoni%$4 ,ye>s w5t on1 & modes ( ?\ght gradually *ang$4 ,*ur* & ,/ate alike began to respect ! lib]ty ( ! subject4 ,?\gh visits cont9u$ to be paid to holy wells1 !y ceas$ to be reckon$ z (f5ces4 ,p might /ill resort to ! spots1 s famili> to _! ance/ors1 & s mu* rev]$ by !m2 b !y no long] f\nd !mselves %ut up 9 prison1 or made to d p5ance be=e ! :ole congregation4 ,old cu/oms cont9u$ to hold sway1 ?\gh less /ress 0 laid on ! sup]/itions1 ly+ beh9d !m4 ,?us x came to pass1 t pilgrimages to holy wells became m & m an excuse = mir?ful meet+s among fri5ds4 ,?is 0 specially true ( ,craigie ,well1 9 ! p>i% ( ,avo*1 9 ! ,black ,isle ( ,crom>ty4 ,! "t = visit+ ! spr+ 0 e>ly 9 ! morn+ ( ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,may4 ,! well 0 situat$ ne> ,munlo*y ,bay1 a few y>ds above high-wat]-m>k1 & gets its "n f ! crags ar\nd4 ,a correspond5t ( ,*amb]s's ,book ( ,days ?us describes :at he saw & he>d3--,i arriv$ ab\t an h\r be=e sunrise1 b long be=e1 cr[ds ( lads & lasses f all qu>t]s 7 fa/ p\r+ 94 ,"s1 inde$1 7 !re at daybreak :o _h j\rney$ m ?an sev5 miles4 ,be=e ! sun made 8 appe>ance1 ! :ole sc5e look$ m l a fair ?an any?+ else4 ,acqua9tances %ook h&s 9 true ,highl& /yle1 bro!r met bro!r1 & si/] met si/]1 :ile laught] & all k9ds ( c\ntry news & gossip 7 s freely indulg$ 91 t a p]son c\ld h>dly he> :at he himself said4 ,amid all ! /ir & bu/le ! spr+ itself 0 n neglect$1 = ev]yone took c>e to h a dr9k4 ,"s us$ di%es1 :ile o!rs1 on h&s & knees1 suck$ up ! wat] ) ! m\?4 ,^! latt] 7 n[ & aga9 duck$ ov] head & e>s by _! acqua9tances1 :o mu* enjoy$ ! frolic4 ,no "o w5t away )\t leav+ a ?read1 or pat* ( clo? on a l>ge bri> bu% ne> ! spr+4 ,besides ,/4 ,fittack's ,well1 !re is ano!r 9 ,nigg p>i% call$ ,d[ny ,well4 ,x us$ to be resort$ to 9 ,may1 by p]sons :o drank ! wat]1 & !n cross$ by a n>r[ neck ( l&1 call$ ,! ,brig ( a'e ,hair1 to ,d[ny ,hill--a gre5 headl& 9 ! sea--:]e !y amus$ !mselves by c>v+ _! names 9 ! turf4 ,br&1 9 8 ,popul> ,antiquities1 gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t a cu/om t /ill prevail$ 9 ,cumb]l&1 :5 he wrote ab\t =ty ye>s ago3--,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,nor? ( ,engl& x has be5 a cu/om f "t immemorial = ! lads & lasses ( ! neighb\r+ villages to collect toge!r at spr+s or riv]s1 on "s ,sunday 9 ,may1 to dr9k sug> & wat]1 :]e ! lasses gave ! treat3 ?is is call$ ,sug> & ,wat] ,sunday4 ,!y aft]w>ds adj\rn to ! public-h\se1 & ! lads return ! complim5t 9 cakes1 ale1 pun*1 c4 ,a va/ conc\rse ( bo? sexes assemble = ! above purpose at ! ,giant's ,cave1 ne> ,ed5 ,hall 9 ,cumb]l&1 on ! ?ird ,sunday 9 ,may4 ,we d n "k :e!r sacr$ dramas 7 ev] p]=m$ beside ,scotti% spr+s2 b ,/[ in=ms u t ! p>i% cl]ks ( ,london made an annual pilgrimage to ,cl>k's ,well1 ne> ! ,metropolis1 to play "s l>ge hi/ory ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,he also m5tions t a ,miracle ,play1 la/+ eight days1 0 p]=m$ at ,sk9n]'s ,well 9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ! ,f\r?4 ,s\? ( ! ,twe$1 spr+s 7 (t5 ! sc5es ( fe/ivity4 ,?us1 to take only "o example1 we f9d t pilgrims to ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,well1 at ,w]eham 9 ,norfolk1 7 9 ! habit1 9 pre-,re=mation days1 ( regal+ !mselves ) cakes & ale1 & indulg+ 9 music & danc+4 ,:at occurr$ 9 ,irel& d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury may be ga!r$ f a passage 9 ,mason's ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,irel& repr9t$ 9 ! ,folklore ,j\rnal = #ahhh4 ,aft] ref]r+ to religi\s assemblies at ,holy ,wells ! writ] rem>ks3--,at ^! places are always erect$ boo?s or t5ts z 9 ,fairs = sell+ :isky1 be]1 & ale1 at :i* pip]s & fiddl]s d n fail to att5d1 & ! rema9d] ( ! day & night 7aft] _! religi\s p]=mances are ov] & ! prie/ )drawn7 is sp5t 9 s++1 danc+1 & dr9k+ to excess4444 ,su* places are frequ5tly *os5 = sc5es ( pit*$ battles1 f\ght ) cudgels by p>ties n only ( p>i%es b ( c\nties1 set 9 =mal array aga9/ ea* o!r to rev5ge "s real or suppos$ injury4 ,9 ,roman ,ca?olic di/ricts ( ,irel&1 :at are call$ patrons1 i4e41 ga!r+s 9 hon\r ( ! patron sa9ts ( ! place1 are /ill popul>4 ,f an article on ,connem>a ,folklore1 by ,g4 ,h4 ,k9ahan1 9 ! ,folklore ,j\rnal = #ahhd1 we le>n t a consecrat$ spr+ at ,ca%la ,bay has1 beside x1 a l>ge conical m\nd ( sea-%ells4 ,^! are ! rema9s ( ! %ell-fi% =m+ ! food ( ! pilgrims dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! patron1 & cook$ by !m on ! top ( ! m\nd4 ,la/ c5tury1 9 ,irel&1 ! cu/om ( c>ry+ ! wat] ( fam\s wells to di/ant p>ts1 & !re sell+ x1 0 n unkn[n4 ,a correspond5t ( ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e m5tions t ab\t #agej ?is 0 done 9 connection ) a miracul\s spr+ ne> ,sligo2 & t1 "s ye>s e>li]1 ! wat] ( ,l\gh ,f9n 0 sold 9 ! di/rict1 :]e he liv$1 at sixp5ce1 eightp5ce1 & t5p5ce p] qu>t1 accord+ to ! diff]5t success ( sale ! c>ri]s _h on ! road4 ,a ?at*$ cottage /ood close to ! site ( ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,well at ,re/alrig1 & 0 inhabit$ by a man :o c>ri$ ! wat] ( ! spr+ to ,lei? = sale4 ,mr4 ,william ,&rews1 9 8 ,old ,"t ,puni%m5ts1 tells ( boo?s hav+ be5 set up beside a ,l9coln%ire gibbet 9 #ahad1 to supply provisions = ! cr[ds :o came to see a murd]] hang+ 9 *a9s !re4 ,less gruesome 7 ! fairs at "o "t held 9 ! neighb\rhood ( spr+s1 ?\gh ev5 !y _h c]ta9 unpleasant concomitants1 :i* l$ 9 ! end to _! discont9uance4 ,9 ! unit$ p>i% ( ,dunkeld & ,d[ally is ,sancta ,crux ,well1 at ,crue%ill4 ,till t[>ds ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury1 x 0 su* a popul> resort1 t t5ts 7 set up & refre%m5ts sold to ! pilgrims4 ,alcohol 0 s freely p>tak5 ( t drunk5 brawls (t5 ensu$1 & "r-m9d$ p felt t ! ga!r+ w\ld be m hon\r$ 9 ! brea* ?an 9 ! obs]vance4 ,/4 ,fillan's ,fair1 at ,/ruan1 took place on ! fir/ ,friday aft] ,new ,ye>'s ,day 7,o4,s474 ,x 0 held on a spot close to ! *ur*1 & n f> f ,/4 ,fillan's ,well4 ,x is n[ discont9u$1 b its /ance is /ill kn[n z ,cr(t-an-tagg>t1 i4e41 ,! ,prie/'s ,cr(t4 ,! ,well ,m>ket1 n[ held at ,tom9t\l1 9 ,kirkmi*ael p>i%1 ,banff%ire1 b =m]ly beside ,f]gan ,well1 has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,writ+ 9 ,april1 #ahib1 a correspond5t1 :o has resid$ 9 ! p>i% = ne>ly half-a-c5tury1 m5tions ! foll[+ p>ticul>s conc]n+ ! spr+3--,! heal+ virtue ( its wat] is /ill believ$ 91 especially on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may1 :5 p>ties /ill ga!r & wat* ! arrival ( ,sunday morn+ ) special c>e1 _m ( !m rema9+ !re ! :ole night & "p ( ! ,sabba?4 ,:oev] fir/ wa%es 9 ! wat] or dr9ks ( x is cur$ ( any disease or sore ) :i* !y may be tr\bl$4 ,our correspond5t adds3--,! annual m>ket ( ! di/rict 0 held at ,f]gan ,well1 & ! f\ndations ( ! t5ts or boo?s :]e goods 7 sold are /ill visible3 & v probably !re 0 a k9d ( m\nta9 dew p>tak5 ( /rong] ?an ! wat] t n[ fl[s f ,f]gan ,well4 ,we %all h some?+ m to say ab\t fairs 9 ! next *apt]4 ,?\gh mod]n enlight5m5t has n entirely aboli%$ ! practice ( resort+ to consecrat$ spr+s1 x has1 z a rule1 produc$ a desire = secrecy on ! "p ( ! pilgrims4 ,:5 sup]/iti\s motives are abs5t1 & spr+s are visit$ m]ely f curiosity or love ( frolic1 !re is no s5se ( %ame1 & h5ce no ne$ = concealm5t4 ,b :5 ! pilgrims reg>d ! practice z a magical rite1 !y usually pref] to keep ! re/ ( ! _w 9 ! d>k z to _! do+s4 ,sir ,ar?ur ,mit*ell truly rem>ks 9 8 ,pa/ 9 ! ,pres5t--,x is well en\gh und]/ood t ! bus9ess is n a ,*ri/ian "o1 & t ! engag+ 9 x is n a ?+ :i* x w\ld be easy to ju/ify4 ,!re is a consci\sness t x has n be5 gone ab\t z an empty1 mean+less c]emony1 b t x has involv$ an ackn[l$gm5t ( a sup]natural p[] controll+ human affairs & influ5c$ by c]ta9 rites & (f]+s--a p[] diff]5t f t :i* is ackn[l$g$ by ,*ri/ians4 ,h5ce x happ5s t !re is a difficulty 9 gett+ p to confess to ^! visits1 &1 ( c\rse1 a great] difficulty /ill 9 gett+ !m to speak1 freely & frankly1 ab\t ! feel+s & beliefs :i* l$ to !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,sun-,,wor%ip ,,& ,,well-,,wor%ip4 ,fairs--,_! ,connection ) ,holy ,days--,nature-fe/ivals--,modes ( ,m>k+ ,"t--,ecclesia/ical ,ye> & ,natural ,ye>--,*ri/mas --,fire-fe/ivals--,hall[ ,e'en & ,mid-summ] ,fires--,beltane--,its ,connection ) ,sun-wor%ip--,sun-*>ms--,c>ry+ ,fire--,clavie at ,burghead--,fi]y-circle--,traces ( ,sun-wor%ip 9 ,folk-cu/oms-- ,9 ,ar*itecture--,turn+ ,sunways--,widd]%9s--,:5 ,wells 7 ,visit$--,may--,influ5ce ( ,pagan ,rites--,folklore ( ,may ,day-- ,sundays 9 ,may--,sunday ,wells--,sunday1 :y ,*os5--,lammas--,fe/ival ( ,/4 ,pet] ad ,v9cula--,gule ( ,augu/--,sun & ,well-wor%ip-- ,"t ( ,day = ,us+ ,wells--,fonts ( ! ,cross--,walk+ ,sunways r\nd ,wells--,do+ ! ,rev]se--,wit*'s ,well--,s\?-runn+ ,wat]4 ,9 8 ,scotti% ,m>kets & ,fairs ,sir ,j4 ,d4 ,m>wick obs]ves3--,simple home ne$s1 su* z pla9 food & clo?+1 articles ( husb&ry1 & o!r indisp5sable appliances ( life gave rise to m>kets held at frequ5t fix$ times1 at suitable c5tres4 ,b z society grew & artificial ne$s sprung up1 ^! c\ld only be met by trade2 & trade on any?+ beyond a v limit$ scale 0 only !n practicable at fairs4 ,:]ev] l>ge numb]s ( p]sons 7 drawn toge!r1 at fix$ times1 = purposes ( bus9ess or religion or pleasure1 an inducem5t 0 (f]$ to ! m]*ant or p$l>1 z well z to ! craftsman1 to att5d1 & to provide by ! div]sity & quality ( 8 w>es = ! requirem5ts ( ! p]sons !re congregat$4 ,9 ! la/ *apt] allusion 0 made to su* ga!r+s 9 connection ) spr+s4 ,we %all n[ look at ! dates :5 !y 7 held1 9 ord] to trace _! connection ) nature-fe/ivals4 ,fairs1 z di/+ui%$ f m>kets1 7 ( comp>atively r>e occurr5ce at any giv5 place4 ,9 ! majority ( in/ances1 !y c be trac$ back to "s ga!r+ held 9 connection ) :at 7 orig9ally holy days1 & aft]w>ds holidays4 ,su* holy days commemorat$ a local sa9t1 ! fame ( ^: sanctity 0 conf9$ to m or less n>r[ limits1 or "o :om ,*ri/5dom at l>ge delight$ to hon\r2 or1 aga91 a lead+ ev5t 9 sacr$ or leg5d>y hi/ory deem$ wor?y ( a place 9 ! ecclesia/ical ye>4 ,a few dates :5 fairs are1 or 7 held at v>i\s ,scotti% c5tres may be select$ f ,sir ,j4 ,m>wick's li/4 ,at ,ab]corn !y 7 held on ,mi*aelmas & ,/4 ,s]f's ,day2 at ,ab]de51 on ,:itsunday1 ,holy ,tr9ity1 ,mi*aelmas1 & ,/4 ,ni*olas's ,day2 at ,*>le/[n ( ,aboyne1 on ,c&lemas1 ,mi*aelmas1 & ,hall[mas2 at ,annan1 on ,asc5sion-day & ,mi*aelmas2 at ,ayr1 on ,mid-summ] & ,mi*aelmas2 at ,bigg>1 on ,c&lemas & ,mid-summ]2 at ,clackmannan1 on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,day2 at ,cromdale1 on ,/4 ,luke's ,day1 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 ,mi*aelmas1 & ,/4 ,george's ,day2 at ,culross1 on ,/4 ,s]f's ,day1 ,m>t9mas1 & ,/4 ,mat!w's ,day2 at ,dalmell+ton1 on ,fa/]n's ,e'en & ,hall[ ,e'en2 at ,dalm5y1 on ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/'s ,day & ,/4 ,luke's ,day2 at ,d\ne1 on ,m>t9mas1 ,yule1 ,c&lemas1 ,:itsunday1 ,lammas1 & ,mi*aelmas2 at ,dumb>ton1 on ,patrickmas1 ,mid-summ]1 & ,lammas2 at ,fras]burgh1 on ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/'s ,day & ,mi*aelmas2 at ,fyvie1 on ,fa/]n's ,eve1 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 & ,/4 ,magdal5e's ,day2 at ,hamilton1 on ,/4 ,lawr5ce's ,day & ,m>t9mas2 at ,inv]>ay1 on ,mi*aelmas & ,/4 ,br&ane's ,day2 at ,/ranra]1 on ,/4 ,b>nabas' ,day & ,lammas4 ,among ! fairs at ,au*9blae 7 ,pas* ,m>ket 9 ,april1 & "o call$ ,may ,day to be held on ! #bbnd ( t mon?4 ,?is s]ies might be indef9itely enl>g$2 b z x /&s x %[s t ! lead+ nature-fe/ivals1 su* z ,yule1 ,ea/]1 ,:itsuntide1 ,mid-summ]1 ,mi*aelmas1 & ,hall[mas h a prom95t place among ! dates select$4 ,an exam9ation ( ,sir ,j4 ,m>wick's li/ fur!r %[s t ! dates ( fairs 7 (t5 fix$1 n ) ref]5ce to any p>ticul> holy day1 b to "s day ( a p>ticul> mon?1 su* z ! second ,tuesday1 or ! ?ird ,?ursday4 ,_m ( ^! occur 9 ,may4 ,9 anci5t docum5ts--9 ,acts ( ,p>liam5ts1 = in/ance--dates 7 commonly fix$ by a ref]5ce to holy days4 ,9 ,presbyt]ian ,scotl& su* a me?od ( m>k+ "t is n n[ 9 fa%ion1 ?\gh "s relics ( ! practice survive4 ,we are /ill famili> ) ,:itsunday & ,m>t9mas z t]m-days1 b h[ few n[ ev] ?9k ( !m z ecclesia/ical fe/ivals6 ,! mean+ ( cu/oms associat$ ) ! v>i\s holy days has come to be duly recognis$ by ! /ud5t ( ecclesia/ical antiquities4 ,:ile ! ,*ri/ian ye> 0 be+ evolv$ 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 c]ta9 fe/ivals 7 introduc$1 z "o might say1 arbitr>ily1 i4e41 )\t be+ l9k$ to any pre-,*ri/ian usages4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ,*ur* celebrations1 !y h n ! same significance z ^? o!rs t receiv$1 z _! h]itage1 c]ta9 rights 9 vogue be=e ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 o!r words1 ! lead+ pagan fe/ivals _h a new mean+ put into !m1 &1 :5 adopt$ by ! ,*ur*1 7 exalt$ to a position ( hon\r4 ,9 virtue ( ?is1 ! ecclesia/ical ye> 0 correlat$ to ! natural ye>1 ) its v>y+ seasons & its ar*aic fe/ivals4 ,!re is no d\bt t 9 e>ly times ! ,*ur* s\ght to w9 nations f paganism by admitt+ z _m ( ! old cu/oms z 7 deem$ h>mless4 ,we h se5 h[ ?is 0 effect$ 9 ! case ( f\nta9s1 z %[n by ,columba's exorcism ( ! demons inhabit+ spr+s4 ,! same pr9ciple prevail$ all r\nd4 ,! old ,saturnalia ( ! ,romans1 = in/ance1 became ! rejoic+s ( ,*ri/mas4 ,to ! di/9ctively ,*ri/ian aspects ( ! fe/ival we d n1 ( c\rse1 allude1 b to ! cu/oms /ill 9 vogue at ! ,yule season2 & ^! are no?+ m ?an a revis$ edition ( ! old pagan rites4 ,among o!r ,aryan peoples ! w9t] sol/ice 0 also commemorat$ by simil> m]ry-mak+s4 ,*ur* fe/ivals1 su* z ,c&lemas1 ,ea/]1 ,/4 ,john's ,day1 ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 ,mi*aelmas1 ,hall[mas1 ,*ri/mas1 c41 absorb$ _m di/9ctive features ( ! old pagan fire-fe/ivals1 held 9 connection ) ! *anges ( ! seasons4 ,! k9dl+ ( fires out ( doors1 on special occasions1 is famili> to all ( u4 ,!y may be call$ mod]n folk-cu/oms2 b _! orig9 is anci5t en\gh to give !m special significance4 ,ev5 to ! pres5t "t1 tw9kl+ spots ( light may be se5 along ! %ores ( ,lo* ,tay on ,hall[ ,e'en1 ?\gh ! mid-summ] fires d n n[ blaze on our ,scotti% hills1 z !y cont9ue to d 9 ,sc&9avia & else:]e4 ,among ! ,bav>ian ,highl&s ^! mid-summ] fires are popul>ly kn[n z ,sonn5w5dfeu]1 i4e41 sol/ice-fires4 ,t !y are s call$ & n ,/4 ,john's fires 7?\gh light$ 9 connection ) 8 fe/ival7 is significant4 ,9 ,brittany a belief prevail$ t if a girl danc$ n9e times r\nd "o ( ! ,/4 ,john's fires be=e midnight %e w\ld be m>ri$ )9 ! ye>4 ,! mo/ important fire-fe/ival 9 ,scotl& 0 t ( ,beltane at ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,x 0 celebrat$ g5]ally ?r\gh\t our l&4 ,to ! s\? ( ! ,=? sev]al sites are kn[n to h be5 specially associat$ ) ,beltane fires4 ,9 ,lan>k%ire two su* sites 71 ! hills ( ,t9to & ,de*mont4 ,t9to1 inde$1 means ! hill ( fire4 ,x 0 us$ = beacon-fires z well z = ^? connect$ ) nature-fe/ivals1 & 0 well adapt$ = ! purpose1 be+ #bcce feet above ! sea1 & #afee feet above ! ,clyde at its base4 ,?\gh n ne>ly s high1 ,de*mont hill comm&s a spl5did view ov] ! neighb\r+ c\ntry4 ,e>ly 9 ! pres5t c5tury a quantity ( *>coal 0 discov]$ ne> its summit hidd5 b5ea? a /ratum ( f9e loam4 ,! c\ntry p ar\nd express$ no surprise at ! discov]y1 z !y 7 famili> ) ! tradition t ! spot _h be5 us$ = ! k9dl+ ( ,beltane fires4 ,9 ,peebles%ire1 too1 ! ,beltane fe/ival long held its gr\nd4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury ! t[n ( ,peebles 0 ! sc5e ( joy\s ,may ,day ga!r+s4 ,f f> & ne>1 holiday-mak]s1 dress$ 9 _! be/1 came toge!r to jo9 9 ! ,beltane amusem5ts4 ,:o has n he>d ( ! poem1 ,peblis to ! ,play1 attribut$ to ,k+ ,james ! ,fir/8 ,! play consi/$ ( a r\nd ( rural fe/ivities--ar*]y & horse-rac+ be+ ! *ief recreations4 ,p5nant gives a m9ute acc\nt ( ,beltane rites z practis$ ab\t #aggb4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,may ! h]dsm5 ( e village hold _! ,bel-te91 a rural sacrifice4 ,!y cut a squ>e tr5* on ! gr\nd1 leav+ ! turf 9 ! middle2 on t !y make a fire ( wood1 on :i* !y dress a l>ge caudle ( eggs1 butt]1 oat-meal1 & milk1 & br+1 besides ! +r$i5ts ( ! caudle1 pl5ty ( be] & :isky2 = ea* ( ! company mu/ contribute some?+4 ,! rites beg9 ) spill+ "s ( ! caudle on ! gr\nd by way ( libation2 on t1 e "o takes a cake ( oatmeal1 ^u :i* are rais$ n9e squ>e knobs1 ea* d$icat$ to "s p>ticul> be+1 ! suppos$ pres]v] ( _! flocks & h]ds1 or to "s p>ticul> animal1 ! real de/roy] ( !m2 ea* p]son !n turns 8 face to ! fire1 breaks (f a knob1 & fl++ x ov] 8 %\ld]s1 says1 ',?is ,i give to !e1 pres]ve ?\ my horses2 ?is to !e1 pres]ve ?\ my %eep'2 & s on4 ,aft] t !y use ! same c]emony to ! noxi\s animals1 ',?is ,i give to !e1 ,o fox6 sp>e ?\ my lambs2 ?is to !e1 ,o hood$ cr[6 ?is to !e1 ,o eagle6' ,:5 ! c]emony is ov] !y d9e on ! caudle2 & aft] ! fea/ is f9i%$1 :at is left is hid by two p]sons deput$ = t purpose2 b on ! next ,sunday !y reassemble & f9i% ! reliques ( ! fir/ ent]ta9m5t4 ,an exam9ation ( ! dates :5 fire-fe/ivals 7 held %[s t !y _h a di/9ct connection ) ! sun's annual cycle4 ,:5 sev]al lead+ ,*ur* fe/ivals fell to be obs]v$ ab\t ! same "t ( ! ye>1 !y _h (t5 "s features 9 common4 ,?us ! pagan mid-summ] fe/ival _h z its l9eal successor1 n only ,/4 ,john's ,day 7#bd? ,june71 b ,/4 ,vitus's ,day & ,/4 ,pet]'s ,day1 respectively ! fifte5? & ! tw5ty-n9? ( ! same mon?4 ,! k9dl+ ( fires 0 a feature ( all ?ree4 ,m$ival fire-fe/ivals 7 ?us ! glean+s ( rites d]iv$ f ar*aic sun-wor%ip4 ,! "q arises1 :at connection 0 !re betwe5 ! cu/om & ! cult8 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 9 8 ,gold5 ,b\gh1 has collect$ a v>iety ( facts :i* g to %[ t ! light+ ( ^! fires 0 prim>ily int5d$ to ensure ! %9+ ( ! sun 9 ! heav5s4 ,mr4 ,fraz] ?us sums up ! evid5ce3 ,! be/ g5]al explanation ( ^! ,european fire-fe/ivals seems to be ! "o giv5 by ,mannh>dt1 namely1 t !y are sun-*>ms or magical c]emonies int5d$ to ensure a prop] supply ( sun%9e = m51 animals1 & plants4 ,savages resort to *>ms = mak+ sun%9e1 & we ne$ n wond] t primitive man 9 ,europe has done ! same4 ,inde$1 consid]+ ! cold & cl\dy climate ( ,europe dur+ a consid]able "p ( ! ye>1 x is natural t sun-*>ms %\ld h play$ a mu* m prom95t "p among ! sup]/iti\s practices ( ,european peoples ?an among ^? ( savages :o live ne>] ! equator4 ,?is view ( ! fe/ivals 9 "q is support$ by v>i\s consid]ations drawn p>tly f ! rites !mselves1 p>tly f ! influ5ce :i* !y are believ$ to ex]t ^u ! wea!r & on vegetation4 ,aft] allud+ to c]ta9 sun-*>ms1 ,mr4 ,fraz] cont9ues1 ,9 ^! ! magic =ce is suppos$ to take effect ?r\gh mimicry or sympa?y2 by imitat+ ! desir$ result y actually produce x2 by c\nt]feit+ ! sun's progress ?r\gh ! heav5s y really help ! lum9>y to pursue 8 cele/ial j\rney ) punctuality & despat*4444 ,! influ5ce :i* ^! bonfires are suppos$ to ex]t on ! wea!r & on vegetation goes to %[ t !y are sun-*>ms1 s9ce ! effects ascrib$ to !m are id5tical ) ^? ( sun%9e4 ,?us1 9 ,sw$51 ! w>m? or cold ( ! com+ season is inf]r$ f ! direction 9 :i* ! flames ( ! bonfire are bl[n2 if !y bl[ to ! s\? x w be w>m1 if to ! nor?1 cold4 ,no d\bt at pres5t ! direction ( ! flames is reg>d$ m]ely z an augury ( ! wea!r1 n z a mode ( influ5c+ x4 ,b we may be pretty sure t ?is is "o ( ! cases 9 :i* magic has dw9dl$ into div9ation4 ,h5ce a good supply ( light & heat is n only =etold1 b gu>ante$4 ,! view t ^! fires 7 reckon$ mock-suns is confirm$ by ! cu/om1 at "o "t common1 ( c>ry+ light$ br&s r\nd ! fields to ensure _! f]tility4 ,blaz+ tor*es 7 ?us c>ri$ 9 ,p5nant's "t 9 ! middle ( ,june4 ,m>t9 ref]s to ! c>ry+ ( fire 9 ! ,hebrides4 ,!re 0 an anti5t cu/om 9 ! ,isl& ( ,lewis to make a fi]y circle ab\t ! h\ses1 corn1 cattle1 c41 belong+ to ea* p>ticul> family4 ,an in/ance ( ?is r\nd 0 p]=m$ 9 ! village ,%adir1 9 ,lewis1 ab\t sixte5 ye>s ago 7i4e41 circa #afhj71 b x prov$ fatal to ! practis]1 call$ ,mac,callum2 =1 aft] he _h c>efully p]=m$ ?is r\nd1 t v night foll[+ he & 8 family 7 sadly surpris$1 & all 8 h\ses1 corn1 cattle1 c41 7 consum$ ) fire4 ,?is sup]/iti\s cu/om is q aboli%$ n[1 = !re has n be5 above ?is "o in/ance ( x 9 =ty ye>s pa/4 ,till a lat] date 9 ,lewis1 fire cont9u$ to be c>ri$ r\nd *ildr5 be=e !y 7 baptis$1 & r\nd mo!rs be=e !y 7 *ur*$1 to prev5t evil spirits f do+ h>m4 ,burghead1 9 ,elg9%ire1 is /ill ! sc5e ( an annual fire-fe/ival1 celebrat$ on ! la/ day ( ! ye> 7,o4,s474 ,x is locally kn[n z ! burn+ ( ! clavie4 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! day 9 "q1 c>eful prep>ations are made = ! c]emony4 ,a t> b>rel is sawn across1 & ( x ! clavie is made4 ,a pole ( firwood is /uck ?r\gh ! b>rel1 & held 9 its place by a l>ge nail driv5 9 by a /one1 no hamm] be+ us$4 ,! clavie is !n fill$ ) t> & pieces ( wood4 ,aft] d>k ^! combu/ibles are k9dl$1 accord+ to anci5t practice1 by a burn+ peat f a neighb\r+ cottage4 ,! clavie is !n lift$ by "o ( ! m5 & c>ri$ ?r\gh ! village amid ! applause ( ! inhabitants4 ,not)/&+ ! risk f ! burn+ t>1 ! possession ( ! clavie1 :ile on its pilgrimage1 is eag]ly covet$4 ,9 =m] times1 a /umble on ! "p ( ! be>] 0 c\nt$ unlucky = himself p]sonally1 & = ! village z a :ole4 ,aft] be+ borne ab\t = "s "t1 ! /ill blaz+ clavie is plac$ on an adjac5t m\nd call$ ! ,doorie1 :]e a /one column 0 built "s ye>s ago = its accommodation4 ,a hole 9 ! top ( ! column receives ! pole4 ,!re ! clavie is all[$ to burn = ab\t half-an-h\r1 :5 x is ?r[n d[n ! slope ( ! m\nd4 ,! burn+ fragm5ts are eag]ly snat*$ up & c>ri$ away by ! spectators4 ,^! fragm5ts 7 =m]ly kept z *>ms to ensure good =tune to _! possessors4 ,9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies ! ,*ur* disc\nt5anc$ ! burn+ ( ! clavie z idolatr\s & s9ful1 & c]ta9 p5alties 7 ?reat5$ aga9/ all :o took "p 9 x4 ,! antiquity ( ! cu/om may be inf]r$ f ! fact1 t two hundr$ ye>s ago x 0 call$ old4 ,at t "t lights 7 c>ri$ r\nd ! boats 9 ! h>b\r1 & c]ta9 o!r c]emonies 7 p]=m$1 all po9t+ to a pagan orig94 ,=m]ly ! cu/om 0 9 vogue1 n only at ,burghead1 b at mo/ ( ! fi%+ villages along ! ,moray%ire coa/4 ,! object 9 e case 0 ! same1 viz41 ! bless+ ( ! boats to ensure a good fi%+ season4 ,a s+ul> survival ( sun-wor%ip is to be f\nd 9 ! use ( a fi]y circle z a curative ag5t4 ,9 ! volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& = #ahhi-ij1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/ew>t ( ,ne!r ,lo*ab] rec\nts a rec5t in/ance ( its use 9 ! ,highl&s4 ,a dw9+ *ild1 a ye> & a half old1 0 pron\nc$ by a wise woman ( ! di/rict to be suff]+ f ! effects ( an evil eye4 ,! rite1 call$ 9 ,gaelic1 ,beanna*d-na-,cuairte1 i4e41 ,bless+ ( ! ,circle1 0 accord+ly resort$ to4 ,a /raw rope 0 w\nd r\nd ! great] "p ( an iron hoop1 &1 oil be+ appli$1 ! :ole 0 set on fire4 ,! hoop 0 !n held v]tically1 & ?r\gh ! blaz+ circle ! *ild 0 pass$ & repass$ eighte5 times to correspond to ! mon?s ( its life4 ,! blaz+ hoop 0 !n ext+ui%$ 9 a neighb\r+ burn4 ,! result 0 9 e way to ! satisfaction ( ! *ild's relatives4 ,9 ! same article ,dr4 ,/ew>t gives an acc\nt1 s5t to him by a fri5d1 ( a simil> sup]/ition common 9 ,wigt[n%ire till ab\t half-a-c5tury ago4 ,9 ?is case1 ! heal+ influ5ce came ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! iron tire ( a new c>t :eel4 ,aft] fire _h be5 appli$ to x to make x fit ! :eel1 ! tire 0 pass$ ov] ! head ( ! pati5t1 :o 0 ?us plac$ 9 ! middle ( a gl[+ circle4 ,s mu* = ! traces ( sun-wor%ip 9 rites connect$ ) fire4 ,!re are traces ( x also 9 c]ta9 folk-cu/oms1 at "o "t common1 & n yet ext9ct4 ,highl&]s 7 =m]ly 9 ! habit ( tak+ (f _! bonnets to ! ris+ sun4 ,ak9 to ?is is ! feel+ und]ly+ ! ,v5etian exp$ition to ! ,lido1 annually repeat$ 9 ,july1 :5 ?\s&s cross to t isl& at dawn1 & utt] a l\d %\t :5 ! sun rises above ! horizon4 ,9 cases :]e sun-wor%ip is a national cult we naturally expect x to h a m>k$ influ5ce on ! sacr$ cu/oms & ar*itecture ( its vot>ies4 ,"o example w suffice4 ,9 8 ,pre-hi/oric ,man1 ,sir ,daniel ,wilson ?us describes ! great annual fe/ival ( ! ,p]uvians1 held at ! summ] sol/ice3--,= ?ree days previ\s1 a g5]al fa/ prevail$2 ! fire on ! great alt> ( ! sun w5t out1 & 9 all ! dwell+s ( ! l& no he>? 0 k9dl$4 ,z ! dawn ( ! f\r? day approa*$1 ! ,inca1 surr\nd$ by 8 nobles1 :o came f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry to jo9 9 ! solemn celebration1 assembl$ 9 ! great squ>e ( ! capital to greet ! ris+ sun4 ,! temple ( ! national deity pres5t$ its ea/]n portal to ! e>lie/ rays1 emblazon$ ) 8 gold5 image1 ?ickly set ) preci\s /ones1 & z ! fir/ beams ( ! morn+ 7 reflect$ back f ?is magnific5t emblem ( ! god ( day1 songs ( triumph m+l$ ) ! jubilant %\t ( 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,!n1 aft] v>i\s rites ( adoration1 prep>ations 7 made = rek9dl+ ! sacr$ fire4 ,! rays ( ! sun1 collect$ into a focus by a concave mirror ( poli%$ metal1 7 made to inflame a heap ( dri$ cotton2 & a llama 0 sacrific$ z a burnt (f]+ to ! sun4 ,ev5 aft] sun-wor%ip has ceas$ to be a national cult1 we f9d x cont9u+ to regulate ! position ( build+s1 devot$ to a totally diff]5t wor%ip4 ,9 ?is way :at is commonly /yl$ ! ori5tation ( ,*ri/ian *ur*es c be acc\nt$ =4 ,inde$1 s mu* _h ! sun to d ) *ur*es1 t :5 "o 0 built 9 hon\r ( a p>ticul> sa9t1 x 0 made to face ! po9t ( ! horizon1 :]e ! sun rose on ! fe/ival ( ! sa9t 9 "q4 ,9 our own l& mu* /ress us$ to be laid on ! necessity ( turn+ accord+ to ! c\rse ( ! sun1 i4e41 f left to "r4 ,to d s t5d$ to br+ prosp]ity to :atev] 0 be+ und]tak5 at ! "t4 ,m>t9 (t5 ref]s to su* a turn "u ! title ( ,dessil1 a ^w ( ,gaelic orig91 9 connection ) :i*1 x is int]e/+ to note t 9 ,gaelic ,deas signifies bo? s\? & to ! "r4 ,m>t9 m5tions c]ta9 /ones1 r\nd :i* ! inhabitants ( ! ,we/]n ,isles made :at he calls a religi\s turn4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,eigg1 he tells u3--,!re is a heap ( /ones call$ ,m>t9 ,dessil1 i4e41 a place consecrat$ to ! sa9t ( t "n1 ab\t :i* ! natives oblige !mselves to make a t\r r\nd sunways4 ,x 0 also cu/om>y :5 anyone wi%$ well to ano!r to walk r\nd him ?rice sunways4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ,m>t9's own exp]i5ces 9 ! matt] ( ! ,dessil3--,"s are v c>eful1 :5 !y set out to sea1 t ! boat be fir/ r[$ ab\t sunways2 & if ?is be neglect$ !y are afraid _! voyage may prove un=tunate4 ,i _h ?is c]emony paid me 7:5 9 ! isl& ( ,ila7 by a poor woman aft] ,i _h giv5 h] an alms4 ,i desir$ h] to let alone t complim5t1 = ,i did n c>e = x2 b %e insi/$ to make ^! ?ree ord9>y turns1 & pray'd t ,god & ,mac,charmaig1 ! patron sa9t ( t isl&1 might bless & prosp] me 9 all my designs & affairs4 ,i attempt$ twice to g f ,ila to ,collonsay1 & at bo? times !y r['d ab\t ! boat sunways1 ?o' ,i =bid !m to d x2 & by a contr>y w9d ! boat & ^? 9 x 7 =c$ back4 ,i took boat aga9 a ?ird "t f ,jura to ,collonsay1 & at ! same "t =bid !m to r[ ab\t _! boat1 :i* !y obey'd1 & !n we l&$ safely at ,collonsay )\t any ill adv5ture1 :i* "s ( ! crew did n believe possible = want ( ! r\nd4 ,?is sup]/ition l+]$ long aft] ,m>t9's "t1 & probably /ill directs ! c\rse ( _m a fi%+-boat :5 be+ put to sea4 ,9 connection ) ev5ts ( mom5t--su* z baptisms1 bridals1 & burials--! necessity = turn+ sunways 0 felt to be specially b9d+2 b ev5 9 matt]s ( no p>ticul> importance ! rule 0 held to apply4 ,if movem5t sunways 0 lucky1 movem5t 9 a contr>y direction 0 ! rev]se4 ,su* a movem5t 01 & /ill is1 kn[n z ,widd]%9s or ,)]%9s1 ! ,%etl& =m be+ ,)]wise4 ,to g ,widd]%9s 0 to g aga9/ ! sun1 & 0 h5ce reg>d$ z a violation ( ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,9 8 ,d>k] ,sup]/itions ,dalyell rem>ks3--,! mov+ widd]s*ynnes1 z if )draw+ f ! deifi$ orb ( day1 inf]r$ a guilty retreat1 & 0 associat$ ) ! prem$itat$ evil ( sorc]y4 ,we h ?us glanc$ at ! relations ( spr+s to fairs1 ( fairs to ,*ur* fe/ivals1 ( ,*ur* fe/ivals to nature fe/ivals1 & ( ^! to sun-wor%ip4 ,we %all n[ ga!r toge!r ! ?reads ( ! argum5t1 & indicate "s ( ! *ief po9ts ( connection betwe5 well-wor%ip & sun-wor%ip4 ,to d ?is1 we mu/ inquire :5 spr+s 7 ma9ly visit$4 ,:5 a well 0 "u ! patronage ( a sa9t1 ! fe/ival day ( t sa9t 0 9 "s cases ! day select$4 ,x w\ld be natural to reg>d ?is z ! rule4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 pilgrimages 7 commonly made on days o!r ?an ! fe/ival ( ! patron sa9t4 ,z may be rememb]$1 ! ,holy ,pool 9 ,/ra?fillan 0 ma9ly resort$ to on ! fir/ day ( ! qu>t] 7,o4,s472 & ,/4 ,fillan's ,spr+ at ,comrie on #a/ ,may & #a/ ,augu/4 ,z may be also rememb]$1 ! wat]s ( ,lo* ,mana>1 9 ,su!rl&1 7 ?\ght to possess special virtue on ! fir/ ,monday ( ,febru>y1 ,may1 ,augu/1 & ,novemb] 7,o4,s471 ! second & ?ird ( ^! dates be+ specially popul>4 ,:at ! practice 0 at ,mo*rum ,lo*1 9 ,wigt[n%ire1 is cle> f ,symson's acc\nt 9 8 ,description ( ,gall[ay4 ,?is lo*1 he says1 is v fam\s 9 _m writ]s1 :o report t x nev] freeze? 9 ! greate/ fro/s4444 ,:e!r x _h any virtue ( old ,i "k n1 b sure ,i am x ha? x n n[4 ,h[ev]1 ,i d5y n b ! wat] !re( may be m$ic9al1 hav+ receiv$ sev]al cr$ible in=mations t sev]al p]sons1 bo? old & "y1 h be5 cur$ ( cont9u$ diseases by wa%+ !re94 ,yet /ill ,i _c approve ( _! wa%+ ?ree times !re91 :i* !y say !y mu/ d1 nei!r ! frequ5t+ !re ( ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,febru>y1 ,may1 ,augu/1 & ,novemb]1 al?\gh _m fooli% p affirm t1 n only ! wat] ( ?is lo*1 b also _m o!r spr+s & wells1 h m virtue on ^? days ?an any o!r4 ,close to ! ,welltrees mead[ 9 ,sanquh> p>i%1 once fl[$ a spr+ d$icat$ to ,/4 ,bridget4 ,9 8 hi/ory ( ! p>i%1 ,mr4 ,james ,br[n tells u t1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! old p1 x 0 cu/om>y = ! maid5s ( ,sanquh> to resort on ,may ,day to ,/4 ,bride's ,well1 :]e ea* pres5t$ n9e smoo? :ite /ones z an (f]+ to ! sa9t4 ,till ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 a well at ,sigget1 9 ,ab]de5%ire1 0 regul>ly visit$ on ,pas* ,sunday1 & ! usual (f]+s 7 left by ! pilgrims4 ,!re is1 or 0 a belief at ,*apel-en-le-,fri?1 9 ,d]by%ire1 t on ,ea/] ,eve a m]maid appe>s 9 a c]ta9 pool2 & at ,ro/h]ne1 9 ,*e%ire1 t ano!r m]maid comes out ( ! lake !re on ,ea/] ,day & r+s a bell4 ,mr4 ,moore m5tions t 9 ! ,isle ( ,man ,asc5sion ,day & ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,augu/ 7 ! pr9cipal days = visit+ consecrat$ spr+s4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 "p ( ! ,may ,day rites at ,tullie-,beltane1 9 ,p]?%ire1 consi/$ 9 dr9k+ wat] f a spr+1 & 9 walk+ n9e times r\nd x4 ,/4 ,an?ony's ,well1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 is n yet =gott5 on ,may ,day by p :o l to keep up old cu/oms4 ,!re is no d\bt t ( all ! mon?s ( ! ye> ,may 0 ! "o1 :5 ,scotti% spr+s 7 mo/ visit$4 ,! same rule held else:]e4 ,9 8 ,romances ( ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,hunt has ! foll[+3--,! practice ( ba?+ rickety *ildr5 on ! fir/ ?ree ,w$nesdays 9 ,may is /ill f> f uncommon 9 ! outly+ di/ricts ( ,cornwall4 ,! p>5ts w walk _m miles = ! purpose ( dipp+ ! little suff]]s 9 "s well f :i* ! heal+ virtue has n entirely dep>t$4 ,among ^! holy wells1 ,cub]t is f> fam$4 ,to ?is well ! peasantry /ill resort1 firm 9 ! fai? t !re1 at ?is special season1 "s my/]i\s virtue is communicat$ to its wat]s4 ,on ^! occasions1 only a few ye>s s9ce1 ! cr[d assembl$ 0 s l>ge t x assum$ ! "* ( a fair4 ,a spr+ at ,gla/onbury1 9 ,som]set1 on acc\nt ( a miracul\s cure1 believ$ to h be5 wr\ght by its wat]1 became specially popul> ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury4 ,9 #agea1 z _m z t5 ?\s& p]sons are said to h visit$ x dur+ ! mon? ( ,may4 ,! popul>ity ( ,may did n dep5d on ! bett] wea!r foll[+ ! bleakness ( w9t] & spr+4 ,at lea/1 if x did s1 x 0 only 9 a subord9ate degree4 ,to f9d ! ma9 reason1 we h to look to ! cont9u$ influ5ce ( anci5t pagan rites4 ,z we h se51 ,may 9 ,scotl& 0 u%]$ 9 by ! ,beltane ,fe/ival4 ,we h also se5 t its manife/ly hea!n cu/oms surviv$ till a late p]iod 9 ! mid/ ( a ,*ri/ian civilisation4 ,on ! hypo!sis ( a pagan orig9 alone1 c c]ta9 ,may ,day cu/oms & beliefs be satisfactorily expla9$4 ,"s ,beltane rites /ill survive 9 ! ,highl&s1 ?\gh fires are no long] k9dl$4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,k+ussie1 ,inv]ness-%ire1 bannocks & h>d-boil$ eggs cont9ue to be roll$ d[n ! hills on ! fir/ ( ,may 7,o4,s474 ,till q lately1 ^! bannocks 7 us$ = purposes ( div9ation4 ,!y 7 m>k$ on "o side ) a cross--! sign ( life2 & on ! o!r ) a circle--! sign ( dea?4 ,ea* bannock 0 roll$ d[n ?rice1 & its own]'s fate 0 decid$ by ! sign t 0 on ! upp] surface (t5e/ :5 ! bannock re/$ at ! foot ( ! hill4 ,! "t 0 c\nt$ specially suit$ = love-*>ms4 ,on ,may ,day1 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 a gold r+ 0 dropp$ into a syllabub compos$ ( v>i\s +r$i5ts4 ,:oev] got hold ( ! r+ ) a ladle w\ld be ! fir/ among ! company to be m>ri$4 ,! prophetic p[]s ( ,may ,day are /ill believ$ 91 9 "s p>ts ( ! nor? ( ,irel&4 ,if a maid5 places a c]ta9 plant bel[ h] pill[ ov]night1 %e w h a vision ( h] com+ husb&4 ,on ,may ,day1 ! sup]natural _w 0 reveal$1 & wit*es & o!r uncanny creatures 7 abroad4 ,9 connection ) 8 visit to ,scotl&1 ,p5nant says3--,9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry is a rural sacrifice1 diff]5t f t be=e m5tion$4 ,a cross is cut on "s /icks1 :i* is dipp$ 9 pottage1 & ! ,?ursday be=e ,ea/] "o ( ea* plac$ ov] ! %eep-cot1 ! /able1 or ! c[-h\se4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,may !y are c>ri$ to ! hill1 :]e ! rites are celebrat$1 all deck$ ) wild fl[]s1 & aft] ! fea/ is ov]1 replac$ ov] ! spots !y 7 tak5 f4 ,! cross 9 ?is case1 01 d\btless1 made f ! wood ( ! r[an or m\nta9 a%4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 x 0 cu/om>y1 at "o "t1 to ga!r primroses on ,may ,eve1 & /rew !m be=e ! door ( e h\se to keep away wit*es4 ,aubrey tells u3--',tis commonly said 9 ,g]many t ! wit*es d meet 9 ! night be=e ! fir/ day ( ,may ^u an high m\nta9 call$ ! ,blocksb]g1 :]e !y1 toge!r ) ! devils1 d dance & fea/1 & ! common p d1 ! night be=e ! said day1 fet* a c]ta9 ?orn & /ick x at _! h\se door1 believ+ ! wit*es c !n d !m no h>m4 ,9 our own c\ntry1 too1 haw?orn bran*es 7 =m]ly us$ on ,may ,day z a *>m aga9/ wit*es4 ,! haw?orn _h likewise ano!r my/ic prop]ty attribut$ to x4 ,! dew on its bran*es on ! fir/ ( ,may _h ! p[] ( giv+ beauty to ! maid5 :o wa%$ h] face ) x4 ,may-dew f ! grass 0 equally efficaci\s1 except :5 ga!r$ f )9 a fairy r+1 z ! fairies w\ld 9 t case c\nt]act ! influ5ce ( ! *>m4 ,a curative p[] 0 also ascrib$ to ,may-dew4 ,till q lately !re 0 a belief 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& t a weakly *ild w\ld be made /rong by be+ drawn ov] dewy grass on ! morn+ 9 "q4 ,to effect a complete cure1 ! treatm5t _h to be repeat$ on ! two foll[+ morn+s4 ,dew f ! grave ( ! la/ p]son buri$ 9 ! p>i% *ur*y>d 0 c\nt$ specially rem$ial if appli$ to ! affect$ "p be=e sunrise on ,may-morn+4 ,! ,may-sun also got ! cr$it ( work+ cures4 ,9 8 ,ne!r ,lo*ab] ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/ew>t tells u t x 0 an article ( belief 9 ! hygi5e code ( ! old highl&]s t ! invalid suff]+ "u any =m ( int]nal ailm5t1 ^u :om ! sun ( ,may once fairly %$ its light1 0 pretty sure ( a r5ew$ lease ( life until at lea/ ! next autumnal equ9ox4 ,! old ,engli% cu/om1 kn[n z go+ a-,may+1 :5 old & "y flock$ into ! woods e>ly on ,may-morn+ to ga!r fl[]s & gre5 b\ghs1 0 h&$ on f a "t :5 ! wor%ip ( trees 0 an article ( religi\s fai?4 ,ano!r old cu/om 9 ,engl&1 viz41 ! bl[+ ( horns at an e>ly h\r on ! fir/ ( ,may1 _h probably its orig9 9 pre-,*ri/ian times4 ,x /ill survives 9 ,ox=d%ire & ,cornwall4 ,f ,hone's ,e-,day ,book we le>n t till ! ?ird decade ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & d\btless lat]1 ! poor] classes 9 ,ed9burgh p\r$ =? at daybreak f /reet & lane to assemble on ,ar?ur's ,seat to see ! sun rise on ,may-morn+4 ,bagpipes & o!r musical in/rum5ts enliv5$ ! sc5e1 nor 7 refre%m5ts =gott54 ,ab\t six o'clock a cr[d ( citiz5s ( ! weal?i] class made _! appe>ance1 :ile ! majority ( ! fir/-com]s return$ to ! t[n4 ,at n9e o'clock ! hill 0 practically des]t$4 ,two c5turies e>li] an attempt 0 made by ! kirk-session ( ,p]? to put a /op to an annual ga!r+ on ,may ,day at a cave 9 ! face ( ,k9n\l hill adjo9+ ! t[n4 ,?is cave 0 call$ ! ,dragon ,hole1 & 0 ! sc5e ( anci5t rites ( a sup]/iti\s nature4 ,o!r illu/rations might be select$ f ! ,folklore ( ,may ,day1 b ^? giv5 above %[ t ! season 0 held 9 mu* sup]/iti\s reg>d4 ,accord+ly1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t well-wor%ip took its place among ! rites ( ,may ,day1 & ( ,may ,mon? also1 s9ce ! :ole ( ,may 0 deem$ a *>m$ "t4 ,! ,sundays ( ,may--p>ticul>ly ! fir/--7 v frequ5tly *os5 = visits to consecrat$ spr+s4 ,! ,*apel ,wells 9 ,kirkmaid5 p>i% h already be5 ref]r$ to 9 connection ) ,co' ,sunday4 ,! ,:ite ,lo* ( ,m]ton1 & ,/4 ,an?ony's ,spr+ at ,maybole1 & o!rs t might be nam$ 7 pr9cipally resort$ to on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may4 ,inde$1 wells occasionally got _! "n f ! fact ( _! be+ visit$ on ,sundays4 ,?us ,tobordmony1 ne> ,cu%5dall1 9 ,c\nty ,antrim1 signifies 9 ,iri% ! ,sunday ,well4 ,!re is a f>m 9 ,a?ole call$ ,pit-alt-doni* or ,bal&oni*4 ,! "n is d]iv$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,mack9to% ,g[ f ! ,gaelic ,pit-alt-didon-i*1 & is int]pret$ by him z mean+ ! hamlet ( ! ,sunday burn4 ,!re is a spr+ on ! f>m1 =m]ly mu* frequ5t$ on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,may 7,o4,s474 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man is a spr+ call$ ,*ibb] ,lan%1 consi/+ ( ?ree pools4 ,9 =m] times x _h a consid]able reputation = ! cure ( sore eyes2 b x 0 ?\ght to ex]t its p[] on ,sundays alone4 ,pilgrims frequ5tly sp5t ,saturday night beside spr+s 9 ord] to beg9 ! requir$ ritual on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,! "q :y ,sunday 0 specially select$ is "o ( int]e/4 ,its *oice may h be5 due 9 "p to ! fact1 m5tion$ by ,dalyell1 t1 9 rud] society1 ! precise c\rse ( "t requires "s specific m>k1 & 9 "p1 to ! notion und]ly+ ! popul> say+1 ! bett] ! day1 ! bett] ! de$4 ,b !re 0 und\bt$ly ano!r factor 9 ! selection ( ! day4 ,we h se5 t ! *ief ,*ur* fe/ivals borr[$ c]ta9 rites f o!r fe/ivals e>li] 9 ! field4 ,9 l mann]1 ,sunday 0 ! heir ( usages q unconnect$ ) x 9 orig92 or1 to *ange ! metaphor1 x 0 a magnet attract+ to itself v>i\s /ray p>ticles ( paganism t rema9$ aft] ! break up ( ! old ,nature-wor%ip4 ,/ud5ts ( ,engli% hi/ory 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury _c fail to rememb]1 h[ /r5u\sly ! ,puritans s\ght to put d[n ,sunday amusem5ts1 & h[ ev5 ! edicts ( ,james ! ,fir/ & ,*>les ! ,fir/ p]mitt$ only c]ta9 games to be play$ on ,sunday1 c]ta9 o!rs be+ decl>$ inconsi/5t ) ! aim ( t ,*ri/ian fe/ival4 ,b\rne1 9 8 ,popul> ,antiquities1 publi%$ 9 #agbe1 rem>ks3--,9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ?is nation ! mo/ ( c\ntry villages are wont to obs]ve "s ,sunday 9 a m p>ticul> mann] ?an ! o!r common ,sundays ( ! ye>1 viz41 ! ,sunday aft] ! ,day ( ,d$ication1 i4e41 ! ,sunday aft] ! ,day ( ! ,sa9t to :om _! *ur* 0 d$icat$4 ,!n ! inhabitants deck !mselves 9 _! gaudie/ clo!s1 & h op5 doors & spl5did ent]ta9m5ts = ! reception & treat+ ( _! relations & fri5ds :o visit !m on t occasion f ea* neighb\r+ t[n4 ,! morn+ is sp5t = ! mo/ "p at *ur*1 ! rema9+ "p ( ! day 9 eat+ & dr9k+1 & s is also a day or two aft]w>ds1 toge!r ) all sorts ( rural pa/imes & ex]cises1 su* z danc+ on ! gre51 wre/l+1 cudgell+1 c4 ,agreeable to ?is1 we are told t =m]ly1 on ! ,sunday aft] ! ,enco5ia1 or ,fea/ ( ! ,d$ication ( ! ,*ur*1 x 0 usual = a great numb] ( ! inhabitants ( ! village1 bo? gr[n & "y1 to meet toge!r at break ( day1 & to cry1 ',holy ,wakes1 ,holy ,wakes1' & aft] ,mat5s g to fea/+ & sport+1 :i* !y cont9u$ = two or ?ree days4 ,quot+ f ! ,presbyt]ie ,buik ( ,ab]de91 #ai? ,june1 #afjg1 9 ,m4,s4 ,dalyell obs]ves3--,9 ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 "y m5 conduct$ !mselves 'pro phanelie on ! ,sabboa!s 9 dr9k+1 play+ at futteball1 danc+1 & pass+ fra p>o*e to p>o*e--& sum passes to ,/4 ,phitallis ,well to ! (f5ce ( ,god & ewill ( mony4' ,9 connection ) ?is1 a rem>k f ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hessey's ,bampton ,lecture on ,sunday may be quot$4 ,:5 comp>+ x ) ! ,holy days in/itut$ 9 m$ival times1 he says1 ! =m] p]haps 0 ev5 worse obs]v$ ?an ! o!r days1 = 9 spite ( ! ,*ur*1 m5 _h a vague impression t x 0 "o ( specially all[$ int]mission ( ord9>y employm5ts4 ,?is !y int]pret$ to mean ( m special p]mission ( dissipation ?an ! o!r days not$ 9 ! kal5d>4 ,aft] describ+ ! isl& ( ,valay1 ne> ,nor? ,ui/1 :]e !re 7 ,*apels to ,/4 ,ulton & ,/4 ,m>y1 ,m>t9 says1 ,bel[ ! ,*apel !re is a flat ?9 /one call'd ,br[nie's ,/one ^u :i* ! anti5t inhabitants (f]'d a c['s milk e ,sunday4 ,t ?is (f]+ ( milk1 ?\gh made on ,sundays1 0 a pagan & n a ,*ri/ian rite1 c h>dly be disput$4 ,at "s places1 e4g41 at ,glasg[1 ,crail1 & ,seton1 ,sunday 0 at "o "t ! weekly m>ket day1 b by an ,act ( ,james ! ,six?1 9 #aegi1 ! hold+ ( m>kets on ,sunday 0 prohibit$ ?r\gh\t ! realm4 ,! ,sundays 9 ,may 7 c]ta9ly ! mo/ popul> = visits to spr+s1 b ^! occurr+ ab\t ! "t ( ! o!r lead+ nature-fe/ivals 7 also 9 fa%ion4 ,sun-wor%ip1 z we h se51 0 ! back-gr\nd ( all su* fe/ivals4 ,we ne$ n wond]1 !re=e1 t consecrat$ spr+s 7 frequ5t$ on a day ^: v "n sugge/$ a rem9isc5ce ( a sol> pagan cult4 ,we h discuss$ ,beltane1 let u n[ look at "o o!r lead+ nature-fe/ival1 viz41 ,lammas1 on ! fir/ day ( ,augu/1 to discov] :at light x ?r[s on our subject4 ,! ,*ur* d$icat$ ! op5+ day ( ,augu/ to ,/4 ,pet] ad ,v9cula4 ,a curi\s m$ival leg5d arose to connect ?is d$ication ) ano!r "n = ! fe/ival1 viz41 ! ,gule ( ,augu/4 ,at ! he>t ( ?is leg5d 0 ! ,lat9 ^w ,gula1 signify+ ! ?roat4 ,! daught] ( ,quir9us1 a ,roman tribune1 _h "s disease ( ! ?roat :i* 0 miracul\sly cur$ ?r\gh kiss+ ,/4 ,pet]'s *a9s1 & s ! day ( ! *a9s 0 designat$ ! ,gule ( ,augu/4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! ^w is d]iv$ f ! ,cymric ,gwyl1 a fea/ or holiday1 & we h confirmation ( ! etymology 9 ! circum/ance1 t 9 ,celtic l&s ! "t 0 devot$ to games1 & o!r recreations4 ,9 ,irel& a celebrat$ fair1 call$ ,lugnasadh1 0 held at ,tailt9 7n[ ,telt[n71 9 ,mea?1 = sev]al days be=e & aft] ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 & !re 0 ano!r at ,crua*an1 n[ ,ra? ,croghan1 9 ,roscommon4 ,a ?ird 0 held at ,c>man1 n[ ,wex=d4 ,its celebration 0 deem$ s important t1 z ,pr(essor ,rhys tells u1 9 8 ,celtic ,hea!ndom1 among ! bless+s promis$ to ! m5 ( ,le9/] f hold+ x 71 pl5ty ( corn1 fruit1 & milk1 abundance ( fi% 9 _! lakes & riv]s1 dome/ic prosp]ity1 & immunity f ! yoke ( any o!r prov9ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! evils to foll[ f ! neglect ( ?is in/itution 7 to be failure & e>ly greyness on !m & _! k+s4 ,9 leg5d>y acc\nts ( ,c>man1 ! place has c]ta9 fun]eal associations4 ,if we g into ! /ory ( ! fair ( ,c>man1 ,pr(essor ,rhys obs]ves1 we are left 9 no d\bt z to ! "* ( ! my?ic be+s ^: p[] _h be5 br\ght to an end at ! "t d$icat$ to t fair2 !y may be said to h repres5t$ ! blight+ *ills & fogs t ass]t _! baneful influ5ce on ! f>m]'s crops4 ,to ov]come ^! & o!r hurtful =ces ( ! same k9d1 ! prolong$ pres5ce ( ! sun-god 0 ess5tial1 9 ord] to br+ ! corn to maturity4 ,t ! ,gule ( ,augu/ 0 a ,nature-fe/ival may be fur!r inf]r$ f ! fact t among _m ,anglo-,saxon peoples x 0 call$ ,hlf-msse1 i4e41 ,loaf-mass1 ev5tually %ort5$ into ,lammas4 ,our ,engli% ance/ors (f]$ on t day bread made f ! e>ly gra91 z ! fir/-fruits ( ! h>ve/4 ,9 ,scotl&1 ! ,lammas rites 7 h&$ d[n f an unkn[n pa/ & surviv$ till ! middle ( la/ c5tury4 ,!y 7 closely connect$ ) c\ntry life1 & 7 tak5 "p 91 ma9ly by ^? :o _h to d ) ! t5d+ ( cattle4 ,! h]ds ( ,mid-,lo?ian held ,lammas 9 special fav\r4 ,= "s weeks prior to t date !y busi$ !mselves 9 build+ :at 7 call$ ,lammas t[]s1 compos$ ( /ones & sods4 ,^! t[]s 7 ab\t sev5 or eight feet high1 sometimes m4 ,on ! day ( ! fe/ival !y 7 surm\nt$ by a flag =m$ ( a table-napk9 deck$ ) ribbons4 ,dur+ ! build+ ( ! t[]s attempts 7 sometimes made by rival p>ties to ?r[ !m d[n1 & accord+ly !y _h to be kept con/antly wat*$4 ,on ,l5ie hill & ,cl]mi/on hill two su* t[]s us$ to be built1 ab\t two miles ap>t1 b )9 sight ( ea* o!r4 ,^! 7 ! respective try/+-places ( h]ds belong+ to diff]5t portions ( ,cramond & ,cor/orph9e p>i%es4 ,on ,lammas morn+ ! h]ds met at _! respective t[]s1 &1 aft] a breakfa/ ( bread & *eese1 m>*$ to meet ea* o!r1 bl[+ horns1 & hav+ a pip] at _! head4 ,col\rs 7 c>ri$ al(t by ea* p>ty1 & ! dem& to l[] !m 0 ! signal = a conte/1 :i* sometimes end$ 9 r a curi\s mann]4 ,games = small prizes clos$ ! day's proce$+s4 ,at "o "t tempor>y /ructures =m$ ( sods & /icks1 & kn[n z ,lammas h\ses1 7 built 9 ,s\? ,wales 9 connection ) ! fe/ival4 ,inside ^! a fire 0 k9dl$ = ! roa/+ ( apples4 ,anyone1 by pay+ a p5ny1 c\ld ent] & h an apple4 ,pr(essor ,rhys speaks ( o!r ,lammas rites 9 ! ,pr9cipality4 ,gwyl ,aw/1 he obs]ves1 is n[ a day = fairs 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ,wales1 & x is rememb]$1 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,c>digan%ire1 z "o on :i* ! %eph]ds us$1 till comp>atively lately1 to h a sort ( pic-nic on ! hills4 ,"o f>m]'s wife w\ld l5d a big kettle = mak+ 9 x a pl5tiful supply ( good s\p or bro?1 :ile1 accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 ev]ybody pres5t _h to put 8 %>e ( fuel on ! fire ) 8 own h&s4 ,b1 9 ,brecknock%ire1 ! fir/ ( ,augu/ seems to h giv5 way sometime be=e ,ca?olicism _h lo/ its sway 9 ,wales1 to ! fir/ holiday or fea/ 9 ,augu/2 t is to say1 ! fir/ ,sunday 9 t mon?4 ,= !n cr[ds ( p1 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 make _! way up ! m\nta9s call$ ! ,beacons1 bo? f ! side ( ,ca]m>!n%ire & ,glamorgan2 _! de/9ation us$ to be ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,little ,van ,lake1 out ( ^: wat]s !y expect$1 9 ! c\rse ( ! day1 to see ! ,lady ( ! ,lake make h] mom5t>y appe>ance4 ,pr(essor ,rhys be>s fur!r witness to ! connection ( ,lammas rites ) our pres5t subject :5 he says1 ,a simil> %ift+ f ! fir/ ( ,augu/ to ! fir/ ,sunday 9 t mon?1 has1 ,i imag9e1 tak5 place 9 ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,=1 ?\gh ! sol/ice us$ to be1 9 consequ5ce probably ( ,sc&9avian influ5ce1 ! day ( in/itutional significance 9 ! ,manx summ]1 inquiries ,i h made 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! isl&1 g to %[ t middle-ag$ p1 n[ liv+1 rememb] t1 :5 !y 7 *ildr51 _! p>5ts us$ to asc5d ! m\nta9s v e>ly on ! fir/ ,sunday 9 ,augu/ 7,o4,s471 & t 9 "s di/ricts at lea/ !y 7 wont to br+ home bottles full ( wat] f wells not$ = _! heal+ virtues4 ,ano!r pro( t ! c]emonies ( ,lammas-tide _h "s l9k ) ^? ( ar*aic ,wat]-wor%ip is to be f\nd 9 ! circum/ance m5tion$ by ,dalyell1 t1 9 ,irel& ! inhabitants held x an inviolable cu/om to drive _! cattle into "s pool or riv] on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,augu/ z ess5tial to ! life ( ! animals dur+ ! ye>4 ,?is 0 regul>ly done till t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x may be rememb]$ t 9 ,scotl&1 dur+ ! same c5tury1 horses 7 wa%$ 9 ! sea at ,lammas1 d\btless ) ! same end 9 view4 ,we %all n[ glance at "s traces ( ,sun-wor%ip 9 ! rites ( ,well-wor%ip4 ,9 c\ntries :]e ! wor%ip ( ! sun _h an ackn[l$g$ place 9 ! popul> religion1 ! temples to t lum9>y 7 f\nd associat$ ) f\nta9s4 ,9 8 ,holy ,l& & ! ,bible1 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,cunn+ham ,geikie rem>ks1 ,! old "n ( ,be?%emi%1 :i* means ! h\se ( ! sun1 is n[ *ang$ to ,a9 ,!nis--! f\nta9 ( ! sun--liv+ wat] be+ f\nd 9 ! valley bel[4 ,bo? po9t to ! ,phili/9e ,sun-wor%ip1 & bo? names are fitt+1 = e sun-h\se or temple ne$$1 l all o!r anci5t sanctu>ies1 a f\nta9 ne> x to supply wat] = ablutions & libations4 ,:5 evid5ce ( ?is k9d fails u1 we h ano!r k9d )9 rea*1 viz41 t d]iv$ f ! employm5t ( fire to symbolise ! sun on ! pr9ciple already expla9$4 ,at ,/4 ,b$e's ,well1 ne> ,j>r[1 9 ,durham1 x us$ to be cu/om>y to k9dle a bonfire on ,mid-summ] ,eve4 ,9 connection ) ! same fe/ival a bonfire 0 light$ at ,toddel-,well1 ne> ,kirkhampton 9 ,cumb]l&1 & ! lads & lasses1 :o 7 pres5t1 7 9 ! habit ( leap+ ?r\gh ! flames4 ,9 a cave at ,wemyss1 9 ,fife1 is a well1 to :i* "y p at "o "t c>ri$ blaz+ tor*es on ! fir/ ,monday ( ,janu>y 7,o4,s474 ,! "t ( day :5 consecrat$ spr+s 7 made use ( has a be>+ on ! po9t "u review4 ,! wat] 0 ?\ght to h a peculi> efficacy ei!r j aft] sunset or j be=e sunrise4 ,! mom5t :5 ! sun 0 fir/ se5 above ! horizon 0 also reckon$ p>ticul>ly fav\rable4 ,to ! same class ( sup]/itions belongs ! ,sc&9avian belief1 ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,lloyd 9 8 ,peasant ,life 9 ,sw$51 t ! wat] ( c]ta9 sacr$ spr+s1 kn[n z ,fonts ( ! ,cross1 0 turn$ into w9e at sunrise4 ,! survival ( rites ( ar*aic ,sun-wor%ip 9 ! practice ( mak+ a turn sun-ways has be5 already ref]r$ to4 ,9 conclusion1 we %all glance at ! be>+s ( ! practice on ! "q ( ,well-wor%ip4 ,to make a visit to a spr+ effectual1 :5 a cure 0 want$1 ! invalid _h to pace r\nd x f left to "r1 9 recognition ( ! fact t ! sun mov$ 9 ! same direction4 ,! sun1 be+ ! s\rce ( vitality1 :y %\ld n an imitation ( its daily motion t5d to produce ! same result8 ,:5 speak+ ( ,lo* ,siant ,well1 9 ,skye1 ,m>t9 says3--,sev]al ( ! common p oblige !mselves by a v[ to come to ?is well1 & make ! ord9>y t\r ab\t x call'd ,dessil4 ,!y move ?rice r\nd ! well1 proce$+ sunways f ea/ to we/1 & s on4 ,?is is done aft] dr9k+ ( ! wat]4 ,sometimes x 0 done else:]e be=e dr9k+ ( ! wat]4 ,! importance ( ?is motion comes cle>ly into view 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,&rew's ,well1 at ,%ad>1 9 ,lewis1 ref]r$ to 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,:5 ! wood5 di%1 float+ on ! surface ( ! wat]1 turn$ r\nd sun-ways1 ! om5 0 a sign t ! pati5t conc]n$ w\ld recov]1 b a turn+ 9 ! opposite direction =ebod$ ill4 ,9 ref]5ce to ,*apel ,uny ,well1 9 ,cornwall1 ,mr4 ,hunt says3--,on ! fir/ ?ree ,w$nesdays 9 ,may1 *ildr5 suff]+ f mes5t]ic diseases are dipp$ ?ree times 9 ?is well1 aga9/ ! sun1 & dragg$ ?ree times ar\nd ! well on ! grass 9 ! same direction4 ,mr4 ,lloyd tells u t1 9 ,sw$51 a rem$y = :oop+-c\gh is to dr9k wat]1 t drops f a mill-:eel1 :i* revolves ansols1 t is1 9 a contr>y direction to ! c\rse ( ! sun4 ,^! two examples1 h[ev]1 are exceptions to ! rule4 ,!y may1 p]haps1 be expla9$ on ! pr9ciple t :at is 9 itself evil1 because contr>y to nature1 br+s good :5 conv]t$ into a *>m4 ,to walk r\nd a well widd]%9s 0 to commit an act ( sorc]y4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,b>b\r1 9 8 ,unique ,traditions ( ! ,we/ & ,s\? ( ,scotl&1 rec\nts ! trial & fate ( a lonely old woman1 :o liv$ 9 ! ,kirkcudbright%ire p>i% ( ,irongray1 e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,%e 0 accus$ ( wit*craft1 &1 :5 convict$ ( ! crime1 met h] dea? by be+ roll$ d[n hill inside a blaz+ t> b>rel4 ,v>i\s 7 ! *>ges br\ght aga9/ h]1 "o ( !m be+ t1 at c]ta9 h\rs %e walk$ r\nd ! spr+ ne> h] cottage wudd]%9s4 ,mr4 ,b>b\r adds1 ,! well1 f :i* %e drew ! wat] = h] dome/ic use1 & :]e ! "y ru/ic belles wa%$ _! faces1 /ill reta9s ! "n ( ! ,wit*'s ,well4 ,fai? 9 ! b5efit ( turn+ sun-ways & fai? 9 ! efficacy ( s\?-runn+ wat] belong to ! same class ( sup]/itions4 ,bo? h a direct ref]5ce to ! sun's c\rse4 ,! wat] ( a /ream fl[+ to meet ! sun1 :5 its mid-day beams are ca/+ _! sweet influ5ces ^u ! e>?1 mu/ absorb & reta9 a p[] to bless & heal4 ,s1 at lea/1 m5 ?\ght1 nor 7 !y sl[ to take advantage ( ! virtue t m+l$ ) ! wat]4 ,bodily ailm5ts 7 cur$ by wa%+ 9 x1 & x 0 us$ z "o ( ! _m rem$ies to remove ! evil effects ( wit*craft4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 ! o!r rites previ\sly allud$ to1 we see ! influ5ce ( a cult t did n pass away1 :5 ! sun ceas$ to be wor%ipp$ z a div9ity4 ,9 o!r words1 ,well-wor%ip _c be adequately und]/ood if we leave out ( acc\nt ar*aic ,sun-wor%ip1 & its mod]n survivals4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,wi%+-,,wells4 ,fulfilm5t ( ,wi%es by ,div9ation--,love ,*>ms--,hall[ ,e'en ,rites1 c4--,wi%+ ,tree--,wi%+ ,holes--,/4 ,govan's ,*apel & ,well--,wals+ham ,wells--,wi%+ ,/one 9 ,/4 ,john's ,well--,heal+ ,wells & ,wi%+ ,wells--,/4 ,david's ,well--,bride's ,well--,m>riage--,special ,times = ,wi%+--,/4 ,w>na & ,wrecks--,wi%+ ,well at ,we/ ,kilbride--,/4 ,an?ony's ,spr+4 ,to br+ ab\t ! accompli%m5t ( a *]i%$ desire by means ( c]ta9 rites has be5 a fav\rite mode ( div9ation4 ,by ?is me?od x 0 ?\ght t de/9y c\ld be co]c$1 & ! wi% made ! fa!r ( its own fulfilm5t4 ,! means 7 v>i\s2 b1 und]ly+ !m all1 0 ! notion t ! do+ ( some?+1 9 ! pres5t1 gu>ante$ ! happ5+ ( some?+ 9 ! future4 ,a m]e wi% 0 n suffici5t4 ,a p>ticul> spot1 hall[$ by old associations1 _h to be visit$1 & a "t-hon\r$ c]emony obs]v$4 ,b ! ritual might be ( ! simple/4 ,x 0 p]*ance to "s ru/ic gate t ! village maid5 /ole 9 ! ga!r+ gloam+1 & !re1 ) beat+ he>t1 brea!d ! wi% t 0 to br+ a new happ9ess into h] life4 ,love *>ms1 inde$1 =m an important gr\p ( wi%+ sup]/itions4 ,to ?is class belong ,hall[ ,e'en rites1 su* z eat+ an apple be=e a mirror1 & s[+ hemp se$4 ,^! rites gave ! maid5 a vision ( h] de/9$ husb&4 ,9 ! "o case1 %e saw 8 face 9 ! glass1 & 9 ! o!r1 %e saw him 9 ! attitude ( pull+ hemp4 ,! dumb-cake div9ation1 on ! ,eves ( ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,john1 also belongs to ! same class ( *>ms4 ,n m ?an ?ree mu/ take "p 9 ! my/ical c]emony4 ,conc]n+ ! cake1 an ,engli% rule says3-- ,two make x1 ,two bake x1 ,two break x1 & ! ?ird mu/ put x "u ea* ( _! pill[s1 b n a ^w mu/ be spok5 all ! "t4 ,fa/+ on ,/4 ,agnes's ,eve 0 requisite on ! "p ( any maid51 :o s\ght on t fe/ival to h a vision ( h] bridegroom to be4 ,accord+ to an old ,gall[ay cu/om1 a maid5 pull$ a h&ful ( grass :5 %e fir/ saw ! new moon4 ,:ile %e pull$ %e repeat$ ! rhyme-- ,new moon1 new moon1 tell me if y c1 ,gif ,i h a hair l ! hair o' my gudeman4 ,! grass 0 !n tak5 into ! h\se1 & c>efully exam9$4 ,if a hair 0 f\nd among/ ! grass1 x w\ld correspond 9 col\r ) ! hair ( ! com+ husb&4 ,9 connection ) all su* *>ms1 x is c]ta9ly true :at an old song says t love ha? eyes4 ,h] ,maje/y ! ,que5 visit$ ,innis ,m>ee 9 ,septemb]1 #ahgg4 ,:5 describ+ h] visit1 ,mr4 ,dixon1 9 8 ,gairlo*1 says3--,%e fix$ h] (f]+ 9 ! wi%+ tree1 a pleasantry :i* mo/ visitors to ! isl& repeat1 x be+ common report t a wi% sil5tly =m$1 :5 any metal article is atta*$ to ! tree1 w c]ta9ly be realis$4 ,x is said t if anyone removes any (f]+ t has be5 fix$ on ! tree1 "s mis=tune1 probably ! tak+ fire ( ! h\se ( ! desecrator1 is sure to foll[4 ,on a hill ne> ,abbotsbury1 9 ,dorset1 /&s ,/4 ,ca!r9e's ,*apel4 ,9 its s\? doorway are wi%+ holes4 ,! knee is plac$ 9 "o ( ! holes1 & ! h&s 9 ! two above2 & 9 ?is po/ure ! visitor p]=ms ! wi%+ c]emony4 ,half-way d[n ! cliff ne> ,/ackpole ,head1 9 ,pembroke%ire1 is an anci5t /ructure ( rude masonry /yl$ ,/4 ,govan's ,*apel1 at "o "t ! retreat ( "s recluse4 ,pr(essor ,cosmo ,innes1 9 ! ?ird volume ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1 gives an acc\nt ( a visit to ! spot1 & adds3--,! curi\s "p ( ,/4 ,govan's abode is 8 b$1 or r 8 c(f91 = x is a v]tical int]/ice betwe5 two imm5se slabs ( rock1 into :i* a body ( common size c be =c$ ) "s difficulty1 ! prison] rema9+ upright4 ,! rock is poli%$ by ! numb] ( visitors fitt+ !mselves into ! sa9t's b$ ( p5ance1 & ! natives make y feel 9 ! inn] surface ! ind5tures caus$ by ! ribs ( ! sa9t6 ,! poli%+ is ma9ly due to ! fact t ! space has = long be5 us$ = wi%+ purposes4 ,^? :o desire to te/ ! efficacy ( ! spell mu/ turn !mselves r\nd )9 ! holl[ & ?9k ( no?+ else dur+ ! process1 except :at !y are wi%+ =--a r difficult te/ "u ! circum/ances6 ,close to ! *apel is ,/4 ,govan's ,well1 "u a cov]+ ( /one-"w4 ,! spr+ _h =m]ly a great reputation z a heal? resort4 ,beside ! rema9s ( ! once spl5did mona/ic build+s at ,wals+ham1 9 ,norfolk1 are wi%+ wells consi/+ ( two small circul> bas9s ( /one4 ,9 pre-,re=mation times !y 7 mu* resort$ to = ! cure ( disease4 ,be+ close to ,/4 ,m>y's ,*apel1 !y 7 appropriately d$icat$ to ! ,virg91 to :om ! gift ( heal+ 0 ascrib$4 ,s9ce !n !y h be5 popul> z wi%+ wells4 ,! necess>y ritual is ?us describ$ by ,br& 9 8 ,popul> ,antiquities3--,! vot>y1 ) a due qualification ( fai? & pi\s awe1 mu/ apply ! "r knee1 b>e1 to a /one plac$ = t purpose betwe5 ! wells4 ,he mu/ !n plunge to ! wri/ ea* h&1 b>e also1 into ! wat] ( ! wells :i* are ne> en\gh to admit ( ?is imm]sion4 ,a wi% mu/ !n be =m$1 b n utt]$ ) ! lips1 ei!r at ! "t or aft]w>ds1 ev5 9 confid5tial communication to ! de>e/ fri5d4 ,! h&s are !n to be )drawn1 & z mu* ( ! wat] z c be conta9$ 9 ! holl[ ( ea* is to be swall[$4 ,=m]ly ! object ( desire 0 mo/ probably express$ 9 a pray] to ! ,virg94 ,x is n[ only a sil5t wi%1 :i* w c]ta9ly be accompli%$ )9 twelve mon?s1 if ! efficacy ( ! solemn rite be n fru/rat$ by ! incr$ulity or "s o!r fault ( ! vot>y4 ,p5nant tells ( a ci/]n connect$ ) ,/4 ,john's ,well1 ne> ,moxley ,nunn]y1 at "o "t mu* us$ = ba?+4 ,ne> ^!1 & bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 0 a piece ( rock call$ ! ,wi%+ ,/one4 ,anyone :o kiss$ ?is /one ) firm belief 9 ! efficacy ( ! *>m w\ld h 8 desire grant$4 ,9 ?is case ! p[] ( secur+ ! fulfilm5t ( wi%es w5t h& 9 h& ) ! p[] ( cur+ diseases4 ,g5]ally speak+1 h[ev]1 z 9 ! case ( ,wals+ham j m5tion$1 ! =m] p[] sup]s$es ! latt]4 ,9 o!r words1 heal+ wells are trans=m$ into wi%+ wells4 ,:5 su* is ! case1 !y are1 z f> z folklore is conc]n$1 9 ! la/ /age ( _! hi/ory4 ,9 ! wood1 clo?+ ! /eep hill ( ,weem1 9 ,p]?%ire1 is ,/4 ,david's ,well1 said to be nam$ aft] a =m] laird :o turn$ h]mit4 ,! spr+ has a consid]able local fame1 & _m h be5 ! wi%es sil5tly brea!d ov] its wat]4 ,"p ( an anci5t /one cross lies at its m>g91 & on x ! visitor kneels :ile fram+ 8 or h] wi%4 ,visitors to wi%+ wells commonly drop into ! wat] a co91 p91 or pebble1 ?us keep+ up1 usually )\t be+ aw>e ( ! fact1 ! cu/om ( (f]+ a gift to ! g5ius loci4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,gregor ?us describes :at 0 dropp$ into ! ,bride's ,well1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,corg>ff1 ,ab]de5%ire3--,?is well 0 at "o "t ! fav\rite resort ( all brides = miles ar\nd4 ,on ! ev5+ be=e ! m>riage1 ! bride1 accompani$ by h] maid5s1 w5t 'atwe5 ! sun an' ! sky' to x4 ,! maid5s ba!d h] feet & ! upp] "p ( h] body ) wat] drawn f x4 ,?is ba?+ ensur$ a family4 ,! bride put into ! well a few crumbs ( bread & *eese1 to keep h] *ildr5 f ev] be+ 9 want4 ,desires ( any k9d may be *]i%$ at wi%+-wells1 b !re is no d\bt t matt]s matrimonial usually give direction to ! ?\ghts4 ,accord+ to a ,york%ire belief1 :oev] drops five :ite pebbles into ! ,ouse1 ne> ! c\nty t[n1 :5 ! m9/] clock /rikes "o on ,may morn+1 w see on ! surface ( ! wat] :atev] he or %e wi%es4 ,ne> ,dale ,abbey1 9 ,d]by%ire1 is a c]ta9 holy well4 ,to get full advantage ( its help1 "o has to g betwe5 ! h\rs ( twelve & ?ree on ,good ,friday1 dr9k ! wat] ?rice1 & wi%4 ,!re is no d\bt ab\t ! mean+ ( ! foll[+ l9es f ! ,b>d ( ,dimbovitza1 a collection ( ,r\manian ,folk-,songs3-- ,!re1 :]e on ,sundays ,i g alone1 ,to ! old1 old well ) ! milk-:ite /one1 ,:]e by ! f5ce1 9 a nook =got1 ,rises a ,spr+ 9 ! daisi$ grass1 ,t makes :oso dr9ks ( x love--alas6 ,my he>t's be/ belovd1 he dr9ks x n4 ,9 ,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,pirate "o ( ! *>act]s expresses ! wi% t provid5ce w\ld soon s5d a wreck to gladd5 ! he>ts ( ! ,%etl&]s4 ,at ! o!r extremity ( ,brita91 viz41 9 ! ,scilly ,isles1 ! same hope 0 at "o "t *]i%$4 ,/4 ,w>na1 :o _h to d ) wrecks1 0 ! patron sa9t ( ,/4 ,agnes1 "o ( ! isl&s ( ! gr\p4 ,%e _h h] holy well1 & !re ! natives anci5tly dropp$ 9 a crook$ p9 & invok$ ! sa9t to s5d !m a ri* wreck4 ,x w\ld be useless to attempt to give a li/ ( ,scotti% wi%+-wells2 b ! foll[+ may be m5tion$4 ,!re is "o 9 ,we/ ,kilbride p>i%1 ,ayr%ire1 close to a cave at ,hunt]/on4 ,!re is ano!r at ,ardmore1 9 ,dumb>ton%ire4 ,at ,rait1 9 ,p]?%ire1 is ,/4 ,pet]'s ,wi%+-well4 ,9 ! unit$ p>i%es ( ,kilcalmonell & ,kilb]ry1 9 ,argyll%ire1 is ! anci5t ecclesia/ical site ( ,kilanai%4 ,ne> ! burial-gr\nd1 ,capta9 ,:ite tells u1 is its holy well1 :]e x is prop] to wi% ! usual ?ree wi%es1 :i*1 on my la/ visit to ! place1 our p>ty1 includ+ "o lady1 dev\tly did4 ,! same writ] gives ! foll[+ p>ticul>s ab\t ano!r ,argyll%ire spr+3--,ne> ! ,abbey ( ,saddell1 ,k9tyre1 is a f9e spr+ ( ! class kn[n ?r\gh\t ,scotl& z ,wi%+-wells1 :i* has always borne ! "n ( ,holy-well4 ,x _h ! usual virtues & wi%+ p[]s ascrib$ to x4 ,a pretty little pill> ) cross cut ^u x :i* has be5 mi/ak5 = "o ( anci5t date is scoop$ out into a small bas9 to cat* ! drip ( ! wat]4 ,x 0 erect$ by a ,bi%op ,br[n1 :5 resid+ at ,saddell1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 to replace ano!r "o t _h =m]ly /ood !re4 ,beside x1 fl[s a /ream call$ ,alt-nam-,mana* 7! ,monk's ,burn71 & ?is1 ) ! spr+1 no d\bt =m$ ! wat] supply ( ! mona/]y4 ,/4 ,an?ony's ,well1 beside ,/4 ,an?ony's ru9$ ,*apel1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 is probably ! be/ kn[n ( ,scotti% wi%+-wells4 ,its sanative virtues h already be5 allud$ to1 b x is n[adays m not$ = its p[] ( secur+ ! fulfilm5t ( wi%es ?an ! recov]y ( heal?4 ,a pleasant picture ( ! romantic spot is giv5 by ,sir ,daniel ,wilson 9 8 ,memorials ( ,ed9burgh 9 ! ,old5 ,"t3--,! anci5t ,h]mitage & ,*apel ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 und]nea? ! ov]hang+ crags ( ,ar?ur's ,seat1 are believ$ to h =m$ a dep5d5cy ( ! preceptory at ,lei?1 & to h be5 plac$ !re1 to cat* ! seaman's eye z he ent]$ ! ,fir?1 or dep>t$ on "s long & p]il\s voyage2 :5 8 v[s & (f]+s w\ld be mo/ freely made to ! patron sa9t1 & ! h]mit :o m9i/]$ at 8 alt>4 ,no record1 h[ev]1 n[ rema9s to add to ! tradition ( its d$ication to ,/4 ,an?ony2 b ! silv] /ream1 celebrat$ 9 ! pla9tive old song1 ',o waly1 waly up yon bank1' /ill wells cle>ly =? at ! foot ( ! rock1 fill+ ! little bas9 ( ,/4 ,an?ony's ,well1 & rippl+ pleasantly ?r\gh ! long grass into ! l[] valley4 ,! song 9 "q gives expression to ! grief ( ,lady ,b>b>a ,ersk9e1 wife ( ,james1 ,m>quis ( ,d\glas1 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii41 9 connection ) h] des]tion by h] husb&-- #a4 ,o waly1 waly up ! bank ,& waly1 waly d[n ! brae1 ,& waly1 waly yon burnside1 ,:]e ,i & my love wont to gae6 ,i lean'd my back unto an aik1 ,i ?\*t x 0 a tru/y tree2 ,b fir/ x b['d1 & syne x brak3 ,sae my true love did li*tly me4 #b4 ,o waly1 waly1 b love be bonnie ,a little "t :ile x is new2 ,b :5 x's auld1 x waxes cauld1 ,& fades away l morn+ dew4 ,o :]e=e %\ld ,i busk my heid1 ,or :]e=e %\ld ,i kame my hair8 ,= my true love has me =sook1 ,& says he'll nev] love me mair4 #c4 ,n[ ,ar?ur's ,seat %all be my b$1 ,! %eets %all ne'er be press$ by me4 ,/4 ,anton's ,well %all be my dr9k ,s9ce my true love has =sak5 me4 ,m>t9mas w9d1 :5 wilt ?\ blaw1 ,& %ake ! gre5 leaves aff ! tree8 ,o g5tle dea?6 :5 wilt ?\ come8 ,= ( my life ,i am we>ie6 #d4 ',tis n ! fro/ t freezes fell ,nor blaw+ snaw's inclem5cie2 ',tis n sic cauld t makes me cry1 ,b my love's he>t's gr[n cauld to me4 ,:5 we came 9 by ,glasg[ t\n ,we 7 a comely si*t to see2 ,my love 0 clad 9 ! black velvet1 ,& ,i mysel 9 cramasie4 #e4 ,b _h ,i wi/1 be=e ,i kiss$1 ,t love _h be5 sae ill to w91 ,i'd lock'd my he>t 9 a case ( gold1 ,& p9n'd x wi' a sill] p94 ,o6 oh6 if my "y babe 7 born1 ,& set ^u ! nurse's knee4 ,& ,i mysel 7 dead & gane1 ,& ! gre5 grass gr[+ ov] me6 ,=tunately1 ! associations ( ,/4 ,an?ony's ,well h n all be5 s sad z ! above4 ,_m a hopeful mom5t has be5 pass$ beside its m>g94 ,a little girl f ,ab]de5%ire1 :5 on a visit to fri5ds 9 ,ed9burgh1 made trial ( ! sacr$ spr+4 ,%e 0 caution$ n to tell anyone :at h] wi% 01 else ! *>m w\ld h no effect4 ,on h] return home1 h[ev]1 h] eag]ness to "k :e!r ! wi% _h1 9 ! meantime1 be5 fulfill$1 q ov]came h] ability to keep ! secret4 ,h] fir/ words 71 ,has ! pony come8 ,/4 ,an?ony mu/ h be5 9 good hum\r ) ! *ild1 = he provid$ ! pony1 ?us evid5tly condon+ ! brea* ( sil5ce 9 def]5ce to h] y\?4 ,surely !re mu/ be some?+ 9 wi%+-wells1 aft] all1 besides wat]4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,mean+ ,,( ,,m>vels4 ,my/]y ( a ,spr+--,m>vel & ,magic--,mis9t]pretation ( ,natural ,ph5om5a--,heal+ ,p[] ( ,spr+s--,pet]head--,poetry & ,sup]/ition--,mac,culloch--,mi/ake ab\t a ,tree--,/range ,appe>ances ( ,nature--,spr+ at ,k9tail--,disappe>ance ( ,spr+ ne> ,p]?--,sa9ts & ,/orms--,/4 ,milburga--,wat] l ,blood--,orig9 ( ,belief 9 ,gu>dian ,spirits--,:y ,gifts 7 ,(f]$--,wea!r ,*>ms--,co9cid5ces--,prophecy ( ,wat]--,philosophy ( ,wi%+ ,wells--,wor%ip ( ,trees & ,spr+s--,*>m-,/ones--,cont9u$ ,rev]5ce = ,holy ,wells--,conclusion4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,b>rie is a true int]pret] ( ! y\?ful m9d :5 he says1 9 ! ,little ,m9i/]1 ,*ildr5 l to pe] into wells to see :at ! _w is l at ! o!r side4 ,gr[n-up p are also alive to ! my/]y ( a spr+4 ,look into its dep?1 obs]ves ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,b>k] 9 8 ,wayf>+ 9 ,france1 until ! eye1 gett+ reconcil$ to ! d>kness1 cat*es ! gleam ( ! /ill wat] f> bel[ ! f]ns t hang f ! gap+ places 9 ! mossy wall1 & y w f9d y\rself spellb\nd by ! great en*antress1 ,nature1 :ile und]/&+ no?+ ( ! my/]i\s influ5ce4 ,9 days ( less enlight5m5t ! weight ( all ?is un9telligible _w 0 ev5 m felt ?an n[1 & ! m9ds ( m5 7 ev] on ! outlook = ! m>vell\s4 ,:at is to u a s\rce ( n unpleas+ my/]y 0 !n a cause ( dread4 ,we m>vel & make poetry4 ,our f>-(f ance/ors trembl$ & s\ght refuge 9 magical rites4 ,we /ill speak ( ! *>ms ( nature1 b ! phrase has to u an alt]$ mean+4 ,:5 we rememb] h[ little sci5ce !re 0 at "o "t1 we ne$ n be surpris$ t ! ph5om5a ( ! out] _w 7 mis9t]pret$1 & h5ce gave rise to fallacies4 ,?is 0 m>k$ly s 9 ! case ( spr+s4 ,:ile qu5*+ ?ir/--a natural function to p]=m--!y became end[$ ) virtues ( an exceptional "*1 & 7 e/eem$ z ! giv]s ( heal?4 ,ev5 amid ! d>kness ( ^? di/ant days we c detect a glimm]+ ( light1 = su* ideas 7 n :olly false4 ,errone\s ideas seldom are4 ,spr+s h inde$ a heal?-giv+ p[]4 ,:e!r or n we accept ! full-bl[n doctr9es ( mod]n hydropa?y1 we mu/ all[ t cold wat] is an excell5t tonic4 ,z an acute writ] has rem>k$1 ,cold braces ! n]ves & muscles1 &1 by /r5g!n+ ! gl&s1 promotes secretion & circulation1 ! two gr& m9i/]s ( heal?4 ,allusion has be5 made to ! m9]al wat]s ( ,pet]head4 ,! secret ( _! p[] is well describ$ by ,cord9] 9 8 ,antiquities & ,sc5]y ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl&1 :]e he says3--,a m9]al well 9 ! summ] mon?s gives great gaiety to ! place2 its salut>y virtues h be5 long1 ,i believe1 ju/ly celebrat$4 ,! salt-wat] ba?s adjo9+ are mu* frequ5t$ 9 n]v\s disord]s3 _! effect 9 /r5g!n+ ! con/itution is (t5 surpris+4 ,ow+ to ! op5 p59sulat$ situation1 ! air ( ?is place is e/eem$ peculi>ly pure & heal?ful2 ev5 ! fogs ris+ f ! sea are ?\ght to be m$ic9al2 ! t[n is !re=e mu* enliv5$ by ! conc\rse ( company :o frequ5t x on ^! acc\nts4 ,)\t d]ogat+ any?+ f ! m]its ( ! ba?s & m9]al1 "o may reasonably conclude t ! cu/om ( walk+ sev]al h\rs be=e breakfa/1 & meet+ ! morn+ breezes f ! sea along ^! cool & refre%+ %ores1 ! probability ( meet+ ) *oice ( companions z an inducem5t to ^! e>ly rambles1 ! p]petual *e]fulness indulg$ by society entirely dis5gag$ f bus9ess & c>e1 & _! v>i\s inv5tions to *ase away languor1 probably contribute no less to ! heal? ( ! company ?an ! peculi> virtues ( ! heal+ spr+4 ,tru? c commonly be f\nd und]ly+ sup]/ition4 ,! p[]1 possess$ by c]ta9 aspects ( ext]nal nature to soo! ! tr\bles ( ! m9d1 is "o ( ! commonplaces ( mod]n poetry4 ,?is ?\ght1 :5 r5d]$ into folklore1 becomes ! idea t c]ta9 spots are places ( safety f sup]natural visitants4 ,su* 0 ! belief connect$ ) ,our ,lady's ,well1 at ,?re%field1 ne> ,l9ton1 9 ,crav51 ,york%ire4 ,:oev] took refuge !re 0 free f ! p[] ( magical spells4 ,:5 sail+ among ! sea-lo*s ( ,lewis1 ,mac,culloch _h an exp]i5ce :i* he ?us describes 9 8 ,we/]n ,isl&s3--,on "o occasion ! wat] 0 l a mirror1 b black z jet1 f its dep? & f ! %ad[ ( ! high cliffs :i* ov]hung x4 ,! tide1 fl[+ ) ! rapidity ( a torr5t1 glid$ pa/ )\t a ripple to indicate its movem5t1 :ile ! sail al(t 0 fill$ by a breeze t did n rea* ! surface4 ,!re 0 a dea?-l sil5ce :ile ! boat %ot along "u ! d>k rocks l an arr[2 to a poetical imag9ation x might h appe>$ "u a sup]natural influ5ce3 l ! b>k ( ,dante1 angel-borne4 ,if su* 7 ! reflections ( an educat$ man l ,mac,culloch1 :at mu/ h be5 ! ?\ghts ( our ignorant =efa!rs :5 confront$ by ! ev]-recurr+ m>vels ( ! out] _w6 ,nature is /ill mis9t]pret$ by cr$ul\s p ?r\gh a lack ( k ( h] laws4 ,a good example ( ?is1 be>+1 n1 h[ev]1 on wat]1 b on tree-wor%ip1 is giv5 by ,dr4 ,j4 ,f]gusson1 9 8 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip4 ,a god 0 said to h appe>$ 9 a c]ta9 date-palm 9 a village a few miles f ,tessore1 & ! tree 0 promptly adorn$ by ! ,brahm9s ) g>l&s & (f]+s4 ,dr4 ,f]gusson obs]ves3--,on my inquir+ h[ ! god manife/$ 8 pres5ce1 ,i 0 in=m$ t1 soon aft] ! sun rose 9 ! morn+1 ! tree rais$ its head to welcome him1 & b[$ x d[n aga9 :5 he dep>t$4 ,z ?is 0 a miracle easily te/$1 ,i return$ at noon & f\nd x 0 s4 ,aft] a little /udy & inve/igation1 ! my/]y did n seem difficult ( explanation4 ,! tree _h orig9ally gr[n across ! pr9cipal pa?way ?r\gh ! village1 b at la/ hung s l[ t1 9 ord] to enable p to pass "u x1 x _h be5 turn$ aside & fa/5$ p>allel to ! road4 ,9 ! op]ation ! bundle ( fibres :i* compos$ ! root _h become twi/$ l ! /r&s ( a rope4 ,:5 ! morn+ sun /ruck on ! upp] surface ( !m1 !y contract$ 9 dry+1 & h5ce a t5d5cy to untwi/1 :i* rais$ ! head ( ! tree4 ,) ! ev5+ dews !y relax$1 & ! head ( ! tree decl9$4 ,9 ! *apt] on ,"s ,wond]ful ,wells1 we glanc$ at ! my/]i\s orig9 ( c]ta9 spr+s4 ,9 anci5t times1 no less ?an 9 ! pres5t1 /range sights mu/ h be5 witness$4 ,we h n a monopoly ( ?und]/orms1 e>?quakes1 l&slips1 or deluges ( ra94 ,! same ph5om5a prevail$ 9 e>ly times4 ,! diff]5ce is1 t we h sci5ce to keep !m 9 _! prop] place4 ,dur+ ! heavy ra9s ( ,janu>y #ahib1 a spr+ ne> ! h\se ( ,rura*1 at ,k9tail1 9 ,ross-%ire1 sudd5ly bur/ its b\nds & became a rag+ torr5t4 ,usually ! surplus wat] f ! spr+ fl[$ away 9 ! =m ( a trickl+ /ream1 b on ! occasion 9 "q x ru%$ on ) su* =ce & volume t x scoop$ out a *annel tw5ty feet deep & =ty feet broad4 ,! ev5t n unnaturally caus$ a good deal ( wond] 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,_h x happ5$ sev]al c5turies e>li]1 "s malignant wat]-_s w\ld d\btless h be5 reckon$ ! active ag5t4 ,dur+ ! op]ations connect$ ) ! =mation ( ! railway tunnel ?r\gh ,moncrieff ,hill1 close to ,p]?1 ! wat] ( a c]ta9 spr+ 9 ! neighb\rhood sudd5ly fail$4 ,x happ5$ t a cl]gyman1 ^: manse /ood n f> f ! spr+1 s5t1 :5 9 ! extremity ( illness1 = a draught ( its wat]4 ,x 0 8 la/ draught4 ,he di$ imm$iately aft]2 & at ! same "t1 ! spr+ dri$ up4 ,! co9cid5ce did n pass )\t rem>k 9 ! di/rict1 b :e!r or n x gave rise to a sup]/ition we d n "k4 ,9 ! d>k ages x c]ta9ly w\ld h done s4 ,9 ! annals ( hagiology1 ! e>ly sa9ts 7 associat$ 9 a special way ) wat]4 ,!y _h1 = in/ance1 ! p[] ( allay+ /orms4 ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ! patron sa9t ( sailors1 ex]cis$ ?is p[] m ?an once4 ,adamnan records ! same miracle 9 connection ) ,columba1 abbot ( ,iona2 & ,ca9neck1 abbot ( ,aghaboe4 ,accord+ to a ,%rop%ire leg5d1 ,milburga1 :5 foll[$ by a c]ta9 pr9ce1 0 sav$ f h] unwelcome pursu] by ! riv] ,corve ris+ 9 flood aft] %e _h cross$4 ,! sup]/ition t wat]1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 assum$ ! hue ( blood1 z 9 ! case ( ,/4 ,tr$well's ,lo* 9 ,orkney1 c41 claims special att5tion4 ,we call ?is belief a sup]/ition1 inasmu* z a special miracle 0 ?\ght to be involv$ 9 ! matt]2 b we n[adays "k1 t su* appe>ances %[ !mselves )\t any miracle at all1 except ! con/ant miracle )\t :i* !re w\ld be no natural law4 ,mod]n bact]iology has prov$ ! exi/5ce ( a c]ta9 microscopic plant1 te*nically /yl$ ,hmatococcus ,pluvialis & popul>ly kn[n 9 ,g]many z ,blutalge4 ,9 ,notes & ,qu]ies = #ab? ,m>*1 #ahib1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,f4 ,nuttall ( ,baltimore1 obs]ves3--,9 ,c5tral ,europe x has be5 f\nd 9 pools =m$ by ! ra9 9 rocky holl[s & /one tr\ghs1 c4 ,hmatococcus (t5 becomes intimately mix$ ) ! poll5 ( conif]s & m9ute p>ticles ( plants :i* are kn[n to be c>ri$ hundr$s ( miles by occasional curr5ts ( air4 ,! ra9 drops 9 ! heav5s cond5se ab\t su* m9ute p>ticles1 & 9 fall+1 c>ry !m d[n to ! e>?'s surface1 :]e1 "u prop] conditions1 ^! little plants multiply ) enorm\s rapidity4 ,dr4 ,nuttall adds1 ,besides ! ,hmatococcus ,pluvialis1 we h a ,bact]ium :i* has (t5 deceiv$ p into ! belief t !y 7 deal+ ) bona-fide blood4 ,?is ,bact]ium is easily cultivat$ 9 ! laboratory4 ,x is "o ( ! s-call$ *romog5ic or col\r-produc+ ,bact]ia1 & be>s ! "n ,bacillus ,prodigiosus1 on acc\nt ( its exce$+ly rapid gr[?4 ,?is v m9ute plant has und\bt$ly be5 ! cause ( t]ror among sup]/iti\s p4 ,! organism w only produce its col\r 9 ! pres5ce ( oxyg51 &1 z a consequ5ce1 r$ spots appe> only on ! surface ( ! moi/ nutri5t m$ium on :i* x may fall4 ,und\bt$ly "s su* explanation w\ld acc\nt = c]ta9 r$ spots1 allud$ to by ,mr4 ,hunt1 :i* appe>$ f "t to "t on ! /ones 9 ! *ur*y>d ( ! ,corni% p>i% ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,accord+ to ! belief ( ! di/rict1 ! spots 7 m>ks ( blood1 & _! appe>ance =etold ! occurr5ce ( "s unt[>d ev5t 9 ,engli% hi/ory4 ,we h spok5 ( ! gu>dian spirits ( lo*s & spr+s4 ,t su* spirits %\ld h be5 ?\ght to exi/ is n surpris+4 ,s9ce wat] is "o ( ! necess>ies ( life = man & bea/1 animals _h to frequ5t pools & riv]s4 ,:at m natural ?an t1 9 days ( ignorance1 ^! animals %\ld h be5 reg>d$ z 9 "s my/]i\s way connect$ ) ! spots !y frequ5t$4 ,9 ! same way1 fi% d>t+ ab\t 9 ! wat] w\ld be consid]$ its indwell+ spirits4 ,x may n seem to u at all ne$ful1 t lo*s & spr+s %\ld h gu>dian spirits at all4 ,b man1 9 a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t1 ?9ks ( nature1 organic & inorganic alike1 z hav+ a life ak9 to 8 own1 ) p[]s sup]ior to 8 own4 ,f a belief 9 gu>dian spirits1 to a belief 9 ! necessity ( (f]+ gifts to !m is an easy transition4 ,a pres5t is sometimes an expression ( good-w1 sometimes ( a desire to obta9 b5efits to ! giv]4 ,(f]+s at lo*s & spr+s 7 und\bt$ly ( ! latt] class1 & 7 int5d$ ei!r to av]t evil or to procure good4 ,9 anci5t times 9 ,india1 :5 a dragon presid$ ov] a spr+1 ! p ( ! di/rict 7 9 ! habit ( invok+ 8 aid1 :5 !y want$ ra9 or f9e wea!r4 ,c]ta9 c]emonies 7 necess>y to procure ! boon4 ,! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! s]p5ts ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/ 9 all ages1 rem>ks ,dr4 ,f]gusson1 seems to h be5 _! p[] ov] ! w9d & ! ra91 :i* !y ex]t = ei!r good or evil z _! disposition prompts4 ,z we h se51 c]ta9 wells 9 our own l& c\ld control ! wea!r4 ,?is 0 s1 ev5 :5 ! gu>dian _s ( ! spr+ assum$ no def9ite %ape4 ,! rites requir$ to obta9 ! desir$ object 7 no?+ less ?an an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! _s's exi/5ce4 ,! orig9 ( ! connection betwe5 wea!r & wells c only be guess$ at4 ,x appe>s t ! spla%+ ( a spr+ :5 an object 0 ?r[n into x1 or ! spr9kl+ ( ! wat] ov] ! neighb\r+ gr\nd1 0 ?\ght to cause ra91 ?r\gh :at may be call$ a dramatic repres5tation ( a %[]4 ,:y ?is %\ld h be5 s1 _c be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,probably accid5tal acts ( ! k9d describ$ 7 foll[$1 9 "s in/ances1 by a fall ( ra91 & ! belief may h sprung up t betwe5 ! two !re exi/$ ! relation ( cause & effect4 ,!re 0 ?us a confusion betwe5 :at logicians call ! po/ hoc & ! propt] hoc4 ,! same explanation may p]haps acc\nt = ! belief t a fav\rable breeze c\ld be obta9$1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,gigha ,well1 by ! p]=mance ( c]ta9 def9ite rites4 ,few circum/ances 9 life h m p[] to arre/ att5tion ?an co9cid5ces4 ,two ev5ts occur ab\t ! same "t1 & we exclaim1 ,:at a s+ul> co9cid5ce6 t is1 if we are n ( a sup]/iti\s temp]am5t4 ,if we are1 we talk my/]i\sly ab\t om5s & su* l direful topics4 ,to "s m9ds1 an om5 has a peculi> fasc9ation4 ,x lifts !m above ! level ( _! ord9>y daily life4 ,! po/man r+s ! bell1 & lett]s are h&$ 94 ,a message boy is se5 at ! door1 & a p>cel is deliv]$4 ,^!1 & _m m su*1 are incid5ts ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,!y are reckon$ commonplace4 ,we "k all ab\t !m4 ,b let any?+ unusual happ51 any?+ t /irs ! s5se ( awe )9 u1 we1 at lea/ "s ( u1 in/antly conclude t !re is magic 9 ! matt]4 ,an unprepossess+ old woman takes a look at a *ild :5 pass+4 ,! *ild ceases to ?rive4 ,!re are :isp]s ab\t ! evil eye4 ,yes1 !re is no d\bt ab\t x4 ,! *ild mu/ h be5 bewit*$4 ,is x n probable t ! prophetic p[] ascrib$ to wells may be acc\nt$ = on ?is pr9ciple8 ,c]ta9 appe>ances 7 obs]v$1 & c]ta9 ev5ts foll[$4 ,wat] gu%$ freely f a spr+1 :5 drawn = ! use ( an invalid4 ,! invalid recov]$4 ,( c\rse he did1 = ! om5 0 fav\rable4 ,z 9 private1 s 9 public matt]s4 ,pools ( wat] 7 obs]v$ to h some?+ peculi> ab\t !m4 ,"s crisis 9 ! hi/ory ( our nation soon succe$$4 ,:at s5sible p]son c\ld fail to disc]n a connection betwe5 ! two sets ( circum/ances8 ,s m51 ev5 "s wise ones1 h argu$4 ,wi%+-wells1 f _! v nature1 h a special claim on popul> cr$ulity4 ,:5 a desire is eag]ly *]i%$1 we leave no /one unturn$ to br+ ab\t its fulfilm5t4 ,!re is some?+1 be x :at x may1 t we eag]ly covet4 ,h[ are we to get x8 ,9 ! /ir & pressure ( our day's "w1 we d n see any av5ue lead+ to ! fulfilm5t ( our wi%4 ,9 ! quiet morn+ or ev5+1 :5 ! birds are s++ ov]head1 we g alone to "s woodl& well1 & !re1 by ! m>g91 ga!r our ?\ghts toge!r4 ,"o p>ticul> ?\ght lies close to our he>t1 & on x we fix our att5tion4 ,9 ! /ill mom5ts1 :ile we li/5 to ! bubbl+ spr+1 our m9d lights on a clew1 & our ?\ghts foll[ x into ! future4 ,we brace ourselves up = foll[+ x 9 reality4 ,we see h[ our design may be accompli%$4 ,we take ! road t has be5 reveal$ to our inw>d eye1 & f9ally rea* ! goal ( our desire4 ,h[ does ?is come ab\t8 ,we may h /oop$ ov] ! spr+1 & ) c]ta9 accompany+ rites1 h brea!d our wi%4 ,we return to our daily "w ) ! desire /ill ly+ close to our he>t4 ,days1 or weeks1 or mon?s pass1 & at la/1 behold1 :at we 7 s anxi\s =1 is ours6 ,! *>m has be5 successful4 ,( c\rse x has4 ,b :at ( ! impulse t[>ds def9ite action t came to u1 :5 we 7 free f ! t\* ( our ord9>y tr\bles1 & quiet-voic$ ,nature 0 our tea*] & our own s\l our prophet8 ,at any rate1 we w5t to ! wi%+ well1 & ! boon we s\ght we c n[ call our own4 ,! "q rema9s1 are all desires grant$1 ei!r ?r\gh visits to wi%+-wells or 9 any o!r way8 ,! exp]i5ces ( life give a def9ite answ] 9 ! negative4 ,h[ !n are believ]s 9 ! p[] ( wi%+-wells to acc\nt = su* failures8 ,! rites 7 duly att5d$ to1 yet !re 0 no result4 ,:y 0 ! *>m n effectual8 ,any s9c]e answ] to ! "q ought to be an ackn[l$gm5t ( ignorance4 ,9 ?us attempt+ to expla9 ! philosophy ( wi%+-wells1 we d n imply t ! subjective elem5t is ! secret ( success 9 e case4 ,we are m]ely po9t+ out t x may be s 9 "s cases4 ,9 o!r cases1 accord+ to ! pr9ciple m5tion$ above1 an explanation w be suppli$ by ! !ory ( co9cid5ces4 ,:5 trees & spr+s 7 alike reckon$ div9ities1 x 0 natural en\gh to conclude1 t any tree1 ov]%ad[+ a spr+1 0 someh[ my/]i\sly connect$ ) x4 ,belief 9 su* my/]i\s relations cont9u$1 z we h se51 ev5 aft] tree-wor%ip ceas$ z a popul> cult4 ,c]ta9 sup]/itions1 /ill 9 vogue 9 ! we/1 are und\bt$ly relics ( tree-wor%ip4 ,9 ,india & "s o!r ,ea/]n l&s1 ! cult /ill n\ri%es vigor\sly4 ,a writ] 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e = ,novemb]1 #ahgb1 rem>ks3--,! contra/ betwe5 ! ackn[l$g$ hatr$ ( trees z a rule by ! ,bygas 7an important tribe 9 ,c5tral ,india71 & _! deep v5]ation = c]ta9 o!rs 9 p>ticul>1 is v curi\s4 ,i h se5 ! hillsides swept cle> ( =e/s = miles1 ) b "h & !re a solit>y tree left /&+4 ,^! rema9 n[ ! objects ( ! deepe/ v5]ation2 s f> f be+ injur$1 !y are c>efully pres]v$1 & receive (f]+s ( food1 clo!s1 & fl[]s1 f ! pass+ ,bygas1 :o firmly believe t tree to be ! home ( a _s4 ,we ne$ n l+] ov] ! consid]ation ( *>m-/ones 9 _! connection ) wells4 ,9 "s in/ances1 l t ( ! ,lee ,p5ny1 !y gave efficacy to wat] z a heal+ ag5t2 b 9 o!rs1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,lo* ,torridon ,spr+1 wat] gave efficacy to !m4 ,inde$1 !y act$ & react$ on ea* o!r 9 su* a way t1 9 "s in/ances1 x is difficult to det]m9e :e!r ! talisman br\ght heal+ virtue to ! wat]1 or vice v]sa4 ,to f9d ! solution ( ! problem1 we %\ld h to c>ry our ?\ghts back to ! remote days :5 /ones & wells _h a life ( _! own1 & 7 ?us qualifi$ to act indep5d5tly4 ,"o c und]/& :y holy wells reta9$ _! popul>ity4 ,ev5 ?\gh !y did n always effect a cure1 p cont9u$ to believe 9 !m & to seek _! aid4 ,consecrat$ spr+s might ?r[ cold wat] 7metaphorically7 on _m a *]i%$ hope2 b1 = all t1 !y rema9$1 z ( old1 objects ( rev]5ce4 ,! secret ( _! p[] lay 9 _! appeal to ! imag9ation4 ,und]/&+ might say1 x is absurd to expect t my ailm5t c be remov$ 9 ?is way2 b imag9ation prote/$ t !re are m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>? ?an are dream$ ( 9 my philosophy4 ,! rites to be gone ?r\gh--! *oice ( ! fitt+ season1 ! keep+ ( sil5ce1 ! leav+ ( a gift--all conduc$ to ?r[ a halo ( romance ar\nd ! practice4 ,!re 0 ?us an appeal to ! unkn[n & my/]i\s1 t gave to well-wor%ip a /range *>m4 ,x /irr$ up any lat5t poetry 9 a man's nature1 & l9k$ him to some?+ beyond himself4 ,spr+s h a d\ble *>m4 ,!y are int]e/+ = _! own sake1 & = ! sake ( ! folklore t has ga!r$ r\nd !m4 ,!y are l roses1 beautiful 9 !mselves1 t add to _! own p]fection ! exquisite lovel9ess ( a mossy dell4 ,9 conclusion1 take away :at is di/9ctively m$ival 9 well-wor%ip1 & paganism is left4 ,we f9d ?is paganism ent]+ l a w$ge into ! sub/ance ( a ,*ri/ian civilisation4 ,x may h *ang$ its col\r1 b x is paganism not)/&+4 ,well-wor%ip has a def9ite value z a survival4 ,x s]ves to unite our own age ( sci5ce ) "o 9 ! f> pa/1 :5 laws ( nature1 z we und]/& !m1 7 unkn[n4 ,z a cult x has =sak5 ! busy haunts ( m51 b l+]s /ill 9 quiet places1 especially among ! m\nta9s4 ,sup]/itions die h>d4 ,! epitaph ( ?is "o has /ill to be writt54 ,^? :o are wait+ = its la/ brea? ne$ n be surpris$ if !y h to wait yet a :ile4