,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,e>ly ,am]ican ,mahogany ,block-,front ,cab9et-,top1 ,rhode ,isl& ,/yle ,desk1 #agej-agge ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ ,,by ,,g>dn] ,,teall ,be+ sundry delectable excursions 9 ! realm ( antiques & curios1 ,am]ican1 ,european1 & ,ori5tal ,new ,york ,! ,c5tury ,company #aibj ,copyright1 #aibj1 by ,,! ,,c5tury ,,co4 ,,to ,,my ,,si/] ,,frances ,,co!al ,,teall ,,9 ,,lov+ ,,memory ,,de> ,,read] ,y\r true collector does n apologize = 8 hobbies2 he exalts _! virtues4 ,necessity may occasionally compel him to resort to ! cam\flage ( mid-int]e/1 z :5 8 family is n 9 sympa?y ) 8 pursuits2 or1 aga91 z :5 fate has plac$ him 9 arid communion ) unsympa!tic associates1 individuals ^: p]sonalities h develop$ indep5d5tly ( _! s\ls1 leav+ !m pron\nc$ 9 ! directions !y inv>iably select2 directions1 9 consequ5ce1 inv>iably div]g5t f ^? pa?s :i* ! true collector loves to tread4 ,:ile n secretive by nature1 & by ! same nature eag] to %>e 8 joys ) 8 fell[-be+s1 ! true collector is end[$1 m (t5 ?an n1 ) a c]ta9 intuitive p]ception :i* enables him to appreciate ! futility ( hop+ to conv]t ! unequipp$ infidel to ! solaces ( 8 own fai? 9 ! delights ( ! l>es & p5ates ( ano!r g5]ation1 an intuition :i* w>ns him to protect 8 peace ( m9d by h>mlessly appe>+ to accept ) good grace ! commonplac5esses und\bt$ly enjoy$ by ! _m1 b ) no culpable r5unciation ( 8 own lively int]e/ 9 ! qua9t & curi\s mem5tos ( ! _w ( ye/]days1 a _w into :i* our own to-days slip1 "o by "o1 sil5tly1 b z surely foll[$ by our to-morr[s4 ,0 x n ,*>les ,lamb :o exclaim$3 8,antiquity6 ?\ wondr\s *>m1 :at art ?\8 t1 be+ no?+1 art ev]y?+8 ,:5 ?\ w]t1 ?\ w]t n antiquity1--!n ?\ w]t no?+1 b had/ a remot] antiquity1 z ?\ call$/ x to look back to ) bl9d v5]ation2 ?\ ?yself be+ to ?yself flat1 jejune1 mod]n6 ,:at my/]y lurks 9 ?is retrov]sion8 or :at half ,januses are we1 t _c look =w>d ) ! same idolatry ) :i* we =ev] rev]t6 ,! mighty future is z no?+1 be+ ev]y?+6 ,! pa/ is ev]y?+1 be+ no?+60 ,y\r true collector may (t5 ma9ta9 retic5ce 9 ord] t he may enjoy a normal place 9 ! community1 undi/urb$ by ! m]ely idle curi\s1 ! undeft rummag+ ( ! clumsy1 ! curt depreciation ( ! sup]cili\s1 ! gu%+ ( ! undiscrim9at+ susceptible1 or ! skepticism ( ^? :o measure ! sanity ( _! fell[s by ! canons ( _! own irrevocable & undeviat+ limitations1 ^? to :om no music b ! e*oes ( cav]ns c appeal4 ,su* are beyond ! pale ( any err& 9 mission>y _s4 ,! true collector is born1 n made4 ,yet "o _c discov] ! mirror )\t k ( ! reflection4 ,! cont5tm5t to be f\nd 9 ! acquisition & 9 ! contemplation ( ! ?+s t are de> to ! he>t ( ! antiqu>ian & ! art-lov] is a cont5tm5t t is ! gift ( ! gods1 always aw>d$ ! intellig5t1 ?\gh n always disclos$ to !m4 ,a fri5d1 !n1 w be he :o discov]s to "o a treasure l t :i* ! joy ( collect+ uncov]s4 ,:at we read & :at we see pictur$ = u is preci\s1 inde$1 if x holds up to u ! image ( t :i* we imm$iately "k to be cong5ial to our natural ta/es4 ,& s x is t ?is little book is n devis$ = savages1 b t5d]ly has be5 nurtur$ 9 sympa?y ) ! int]e/+ & ! beautiful ?+s ( ye/]day4 ,may x f9d fri5ds among ^? :o love !m z well z among ^? :o love ! ?+s ( to-day :i* h prosp]$ 9 _! h]itage f ! days ( long ago6 ,! au?or wi%es to express 8 grateful ackn[l$gm5ts to ^? :o h made possible ! prep>ation ( ?is volume--to ,messrs4 ,cond ,na/ ,company1 ,inc41 publi%]s ( 8,h\se ,g>d510 ,messrs4 ,munn ,company1 ,inc41 =m]ly publi%]s ( 8,am]ican ,homes & ,g>d5s10 ! publi%]s ( 8,! ,cosmopolitan10 ! publi%]s ( 8,! ,h\se ,beautiful10 & ! publi%]s ( 8,! ,sun10 ,new ,york1 = p]mission to include 9 ?is volume portions ( ! mat]ial contribut$ by him to ^? p]iodicals2 to ,dr4 ,george ,fr$]ick ,kunz1 ,mr4 ,ri*>dson ,wright1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,all5 ,munn1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,h4 ,van ,c\rt1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,c4 ,l\nsb]y1 ,dr4 ,frank ,w4 ,gunsaulus1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,lemmon1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,e4 ,bau]1 ,miss ,m>y ,h4 ,nor!nd1 ,mr4 ,&r ,m4 ,rueff1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,turn]1 ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,coop]1 ,mr4 ,william ,francis ,phillips1 ,miss ,elizabe? ,rob9son1 ,mr4 ,william ,c4 ,clif=d1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,buek1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,h4 ,h[ell1 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ^: photographs h be5 drawn ^u = illu/ration1 ! ,brooklyn ,museum1 ! ,art ,in/itute ( ,*icago1 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,london1 & ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 & to ^? au?ors ^: works are not$ 9 ! ,bibliography4 ,,g>dn] ,,teall ,,new ,,york ,june #d1 #aibj ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i ,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ #c ,,ii ,,collectors ,,( ,,ye/]day #i ,,iii ,,am]ican ,,tables #ah ,,iv ,,tea ,,& ,,antiquity #bf ,v ,,cup-,,plates #cf ,,vi ,,*9tz #db ,,vii ,,pewt] #ea ,,viii ,,sampl]s #fa ,,ix ,,wax ,,portraits #fh ,x ,,h&-,,wov5 ,,cov]lets #gd ,,xi ,,*airs #gg ,,xii ,,engli% ,,dr9k+-,,glasses #hd ,,xiii ,,/u>t ,,embroid]ies #id ,,xiv ,,delft #ih ,,xv ,,e>ly ,,desk ,,furniture #ajf ,,xvi ,,*elsea #aae ,,xvii ,,w$gwood #abe ,,xviii ,,sav+ ,,! ,,pieces #acj ,,xix ,,l\ng+ ,,furniture #acd ,,xx ,,%effield ,,plate #adf ,,xxi ,,/raw ,,m>quet]ie #aec ,,xxii ,,consoles #afd ,,xxiii ,s,,vres ,,porcela9 #agj ,,xxiv ,,european ,,enamels #agh ,,xxv ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,a ,,pott]3 ,,b]n>d ,,palissy #aia ,,xxvi ,,italian ,,maiolica #baj ,,xxvii ,,glass ,,( ,a ,,?\s& ,,fl[]s #bah ,,xxviii ,,antiques ,,( ,,p]sia ,,& ,,( ,,india #bbg ,,xxix ,,*9ese ,,porcela9s #bch ,,xxx ,,*9ese ,,& ,,japanese ,,lacqu] #bdf ,,xxxi ,,*9ese ,,snuff-,,bottles #bec ,,xxxii ,,cloisonn ,,enamels ,,( ,,*9a ,,& ,,japan #bfb ,,xxxiii ,,japanese ,,sword-,,gu>ds #bgj ,,xxxiv ,,m$allic ,,art #bgh ,,xxxv ,,engrav$ ,,gems #bhf ,,xxxvi ,,fraudul5t ,,art ,,objects #bii ,,bibliography #cje ,,index #cai ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,e>ly ,am]ican mahogany block-front cab9et-top ,rhode ,isl& /yle desk1 #agej-agge ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,am]ican walnut gate-leg table1 #afge-agjj #bd ,am]ican p9e & walnut *air-table1 #agjj #bd ,am]ican *]ry & maple gate-leg table1 #afge-agjj #bd ,late #ah? c5tury ,engli% tea caddy #be ,late #ah? c5tury ,engli% tea caddies #be ,ivory & two tortoise%ell #ah? c5tury tea caddies #be ,cup-plates #dj ,e>ly pr9t$ cotton #da ,*9ese pewt] j> ) bronze cov]--e>ly #ah? c5tury #fj ,a ,swiss pewt] w9e-flask1 ,zuri*1 dat$ #agff #fj ,am]ican #ah? c5tury sampl] #fa ,a dat$ ,engli% or ,wel% sampl]1 #aghg #fa ,wax-portrait ( ,f]d9& ,i ( ,sicily1 ,italian1 late #ah? c5tury #gf ,wax-portrait1 subject unkn[n1 ,italian1 e>ly #ah? c5tury #gf ,model ( an ,am]ican peg-loom be>+ ! "n ( ,w4 ,d4 ,fales ( ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl& #gg ,h&wov5 cov]let 9 b$-*amb] ( ! ,john ,h[>d ,payne ,h\se #gg ,*ipp5dale mahogany arm-*air1 #agfj-aghj #hj ,%ield back ,hepple:ite arm-*air #hj ,l\is ,,xiv arm-*air #hj ,l\is ,,xv arm-*air #hj ,?ree r>e ,williamite glasses #ha ,two ,engli% glass rumm]s engrav$ ) ,nelson subjects #ha ,a small ,jacobite ,arms rumm] #ha ,tumbl] commemorat+ coronation ( ,george ,,iv ( ,engl& #ha ,two #ah? c5tury tumbl]s #ha ,engli% #ag? c5tury /ump-"w embroid]y #if ,dut* delft %elf ornam5ts #ig ,f\r ,dut* delft tiles1 #ag? c5tury #ig ,a pair ( c&le/icks & a vase ( #ah? c5tury ,*elsea #abj ,cab9et inset ) ,w$gwood jasp] w>e m$allions #aba #af? c5tury ,v5etian glass cov]$ cup #acf ,d\ble *air-back settee1 ,*ipp5dale1 #agce-agej #acg ,settee1 ,adam /yle #acg ,s(a ( ! ,william & ,m>y p]iod #acg ,%effield plate tray & spoonhold] #aeb ,%effield plate teapot & c(fee-pot #aeb ,/raw m>quet]ie box1 ,fr5*1 #ah? c5tury #aec ,/raw m>quet]ie box1 ,engli%1 #ag? c5tury #aec ,fr5* console1 ,l\is ,,xiv p]iod #afh ,fr5* console1 ,l\is ,,xv p]iod #afh ,svres :ite bisque /atuette ( ,voltaire #afi ,svres :ite bisque bu/ ( ,frankl9 #afi ,a pair ( ,svres porcela9 cov]$ vases #afi ,oval di% by ,b]n>d ,palissy1 #aeaj-aehi #ahh ,lumires by ,b]n>d ,palissy #ahh ,limoges enamel cov]$ cup attribut$ to ,pi]re ,raymond #ahi ,*amplev enamel casket1 ,fr5*1 #ac? c5tury #ahi ,e>ly ,italian maiolica plates #baf ,copies ( ,roman millefiori glass #bag ,two anci5t ,roman millefiori glass b[ls #bag ,ew] & bas91 ,b9dri w>e1 ,india1 #ah? c5tury #bcf ,poly*rome ,p]sian tiles1 #ag? c5tury #bcf ,*9ese porcela91 ,kang ,h'si p]iod1 #affb-agbc #bcg ,*9ese lacqu] vase1 #ah? c5tury #beb ,japanese gold lacqu] toilet /&1 #ag? c5tury #beb ,*9ese snuff bottles ( ! ,*'i5 ,lung p]iod1 #agcf-agif #bec ,*9ese cloisonn ,palace ,c5s]1 ,*ia ,*+ p]iod1 #aebb-aefg #bfh ,japanese arm\r ( ! feudal p]iod %[+ swords ) _! sword-gu>ds 7tsuba7 #bfi ,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ ,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ ,bless$ is ! man :o has a hobby6 decl>$ ,"l ,br\gham2 & ( all ! hobbies x is d\btful if any are m bless$ ?an ^? ( ! collector ( antiques & curios1 old pr9ts1 co9s & m$als1 r>e books & b9d+s1 & ! l4 8,god nev] did make a m calm1 quiet1 innoc5t recreation10 good old ,isaac ,walton said ( angl+4 ,b t is true1 too1 ( collect+1 :i*1 figuratively speak+1 is 9 itself a species ( ! art ( angl+1 ( dipp+ into ! quiet pools ( unfrequ5t$ places1 !re to angle = qua9t curios & int]e/+ mem5tos ( bygone days1 consci\s t ?\gh ! bait may be small1 ! cat* may be l>ge--besides1 !re is ! fun ( fi%+6 ,9 8,le ,j>d9 d',epicure10 ,anatole ,france has writt53 8,p laugh at collectors1 :o p]haps d lay !mselves op5 to raill]y1 b t is also ! case ) all ( u :5 9 love ) any?+ at all4 ,we ought r to envy collectors1 = !y bright5 _! days ) a long & peaceable joy4 ,p]haps :at !y d a little resembles ! task ( ! *ildr5 :o spade up heaps ( s& at ! edge ( ! sea1 labor+ 9 va91 = all !y h built w soon be ov]?r[n1 & t1 no d\bt1 is true ( collections ( books & pictures also4 ,b we ne$ n blame ! collectors = x2 ! fault lies 9 ! vicissitudes ( exi/5ce & ! brevity ( life4 ,! sea c>ries (f ! heaps ( s&1 & auctione]s disp]se ! collections2 & yet !re are no bett] pleasures ?an ! build+ ( heaps ( s& at t5 ye>s old1 ( collections at sixty4 ,no?+ ( all we erect w rema91 9 ! end2 & a love = collect+ is no m va9 & useless ?an o!r passions are40 ,anatole ,france might well h add$ ,sir ,james ,yoxall's obs]vation1 t 8good = heal? ( m9d & body x is to walk & w&] 9 by-ways ( t[n & c\ntry1 se>*+ out ?+s beautiful & old & r>e ) :i* to adorn "o's home40 ,inde$1 collect+ has aspects o!r ?an ! "o ( discov]y1 ( acquisition1 ( ent]ta9m5t1 or ( furni%+ a pa/ime3 x has its utilit>ian "o z well4 ,!re is an und5iable & (t5times indef9able *>m ab\t a home 9 :i* well-*os5 antiques & curios =m "p ( ! decorative s*eme & become "p ( its furni%+ & adornm5t4 ,_m collectors h become su* ?r\gh an increas+ int]e/ 9 old furniture1 r>e *9a1 e>ly silv]1 & o!r classes ( antiques & curios1 inspir$ 9 ! beg9n+ by ! acquisition ( "s object ( ! sort1 p]sonal contact ) :i* has s]v$ z an example ( ! pleasure :i* collect+ holds 9 /ore = "o4 ,! true collector is n m]ely 8a ga!r] ( ?+s10 indiff]5t to ! guidance ( a discrim9at+ ta/e4 ,r1 :5 he f9ds an object at h&1 he consid]s x f _m po9ts ( view--its hi/orical value1 its significance 9 ! developm5t ( ! arts1 its anecdotal int]e/1 its wor? z a "w ( art1 & its workman%ip4 ,! intuitive s5se w c>ry ! amateur a long way1 b connoisseur%ip w dep5d ^u k4 ,^? p]sons :o are absolutely indiff]5t to ! :ys & :]e=es ( ?+s1 un9t]e/$ 9 any ef=t to discov] ! 8/ory0 ( an object1 bor$ by its hi/ory or unappreciative ( its beauty1 are h>dly likely to become collectors1 ?\gh accid5t & ! *ances ( =tune may ?r[ int]e/+ ?+s into _! possession4 ,nei!r are !y likely ev] to become z ,?ack]ay1 :o1 9 8,r\ndab\t ,pap]s10 said ( a c]ta9 antique & curio %op3 8,i nev] c pass )\t delay+ at ! w9d[s--inde$1 if ,i 7 go+ to be hung1 ,i w\ld beg ! c>t to /op1 & let me h "o look m at ! delightful omnium ga!rum40 ,n[1 x (t5 happ5s t we f9d a collector-9-embryo--"o :o has a desire to />t a collection1 b fancies x an und]tak+ requir+ v special qualifications--ask+3 8,h[ c\ld ,i hope to become a collector :5 ,i "k s little ab\t ! subject ,i ?9k ,i %\ld be int]e/$ 98 ,!n ,i fe> good ?+s co/ too mu*1 & t real b>ga9s h long ago vani%$ f ! m>t40 ,to su* a "o ! reply c tru?fully be made t x is by no means difficult = ! beg9n] to acquire def9ite & valuable k on any subject 9 ! collector's field t may *ance to int]e/ him4 ,! way "o le>ns to collect 7& t means ! way "o le>ns ab\t ! ?+s wor? collect+7 is by collect+4 ,contact ) ! objects !mselves is necess>y to connoisseur%ip1 j z x is "o ( its pleasures4 ,! collector le>ns m ab\t ,ori5tal porcela9s1 old ,engli% *9a1 ,dresd5 figur9es1 ,fr5* enamels1 ,russian brass1 ,italian laces1 or ,bohemian glass by hav+ a few repres5tative pieces ( !m at h& = /udy ?an he c\ld le>n1 s f> z helpful k fitt+ him to judge is conc]n$1 f volumes on ! subject4 ,:ile ?is contact ) actual objects is necess>y 9 develop+ a connoisseur%ip 7"o may h x visually 9 museums or h access to private collections2 ! %ops1 too1 w tea* "o mu*71 all ! accessible writ+s on ! subject %\ld be consult$1 z comp>ative /udy increases ! int]e/ & confirms or corrects "o's p]sonal d$uctions & op9ions4 ,supremely f9e examples ( old furniture1 *9a1 silv]w>e1 bronzes1 m9iatures1 & ! l1 h n (t5 be5 8pick$ up = a song40 ,! collector mu/ rememb] t ! pa/ime ( collect+ is n "o ( rec5t developm5t4 ,inde$1 ! anci5ts 7 collectors ( ! r>e1 curi\s1 & beautiful4 ,! ,m$ici 7 r5[n$ = ga!r+ 9 _! places objets de virtu1 & few collectors ( note ( to-day c\ld outvie ! en?usiasm ( ,horace ,walpole1 :o turn$ ,/rawb]ry ,hill into a v]itable museum4 ,all ?is goes to %[ h[ ke5ly s\ght = h be5 all art objects ( unusual importance4 ,naturally1 :5 r>e occasion br+s !m to ! m>t !y comm& high prices4 ,h[ev]1 x is n = "o to despair because he _c collect museum pieces1 to cry = ^? ?+s :i* h little to d ) ! pleasure ( collect+ beyond ! int]e/ _! contemplation af=ds4 ,t ! by-pa?s :i* ! collector may tread are lit]ally bri/l+ ) b>ga9s is true4 ,c]ta9ly ! small collector ne$ n become disc\rag$4 ,= in/ance1 ! au?or cont9ually f9ds )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ,new ,york city alone num]\s objects t any collector ( limit$ means c\ld acquire ) rejoic+ he>t4 ,"o day x is a yell[ ,w$gwood mu/>d-pot = two doll>s1 ano!r day a g5u9e ,paduan m$al = fifty c5ts2 !n a ,p]sian lacqu] mirror-frame = a doll>1 & a ,japanese sword-gu>d by ,umetada1 sign$1 = half z mu*6 ,x adds to ! int]e/ ( collect+ t :ile ! collector soon le>ns :]e to look = ?+s1 he con/antly meets ) !m also :]e !y are lea/ expect$1 & ! c\ntry holds z _m treasures hidd5 away = ! ke5 collector z does ! metropolitan /ronghold4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,collectors ,,( ,,ye/]day ,?is is an age 9 :i* ,a*illes gives way to ,d\glas ,fairbanks1 ,hel5 ( ,troy to ,m>y ,pick=d4 ,at lea/ ,hom] 9 ! orig9al is unpopul> & to confess to a lik+ = ,virgil 9 ! ,lat9 is to be fr[n$ ^u by ^? :o h p]suad$ c]ta9 ( our univ]sities to turn _! backs on ! v cultural pres5ces t h giv5 /ructure to civilization4 ,z = myself1 ,i %all cont9ue to be old-fa%ion$4 ,only ?is morn+ ,i h be5 dipp+ into good old ,pl9y's 8,lett]s40 ,n[ m ?an ev] ,i am conv9c$ t ^? :o cri$ mo/ l\dly aga9/ ! classics 7 ^? :o knew no?+ ab\t !m4 ,:]e1 ,i ask1 9 all lit]ature w !re be f\nd m ?+s ( human int]e/ ?an 9 ! writ+s ( ^? old ma/]s ( antiquity8 ,x is ,francesco ,petr>ca's *ief title to fame t he 0 an invet]ate collector ( classical writ+s1 t he devot$ himself ) an un5d+ en?usiasm to ! recov]y ( ! lit]ature ( ! ,anci5ts4 ,& yet he knew naught ( ,greek1 little en\gh ( ,lat9 f ! po9t ( view ( s*ol>ly atta9m5t 9 ! language4 ,:at he did realize1 did s5se1 0 ! value to intellectual developm5t ( ^! bygone lit]>y ,titans1 & at ,padua he w>r$ aga9/ ! m$ievalism :i* 01 aft] all1 no?+ m ?an a w>r+ aga9/ ! complac5cy ( 8 own times1 j z ! attitude ( ^? ( to-day :o fight aga9/ su* ( ! f9] ?+s ( life z are to be rea*$ only ?r\gh contact ) ! orig9al writ+s ( ,hom]1 ,euripides1 ,ari/ophanes1 ,sophocles1 ,horace1 ,virgil1 ,cic]o1 ,cs>1 ,ovid1 ,plato1 ,pl9y1 & ! re/ is1 9 effect1 smugly complac5t 9 its acceptance ( cultural ?+s z !y /&4 ,r5an call$ ,petr>* ! fir/ mod]n man2 if only we c\ld be z mod]n6 ,& :at a debt ! _w owes to 8 collect+ proclivities1 an in/9ct connect$ ) an intellig5ce6 ,( c\rse1 !re 7 hundr$s1 "o may v5ture to say ?\s&s1 ( collectors :o 7 8 contempor>ies2 = ! love ( beautiful & ( int]e/+ ?+s is seldom sep>at$ 9 ! normal p]son f ! desire to own !m1 a desire t has produc$ m hi/ory & m romance ?an "o w\ld dream (4 ,!re are ^? :o dissolve pe>ls 9 w9e1 ^? :o treasure !m 9 necklaces2 ^! two sorts are 9 ! _w4 ,to ,petr>* ea* scrap ( writ+ 0 z preci\s z a pe>l to be add$ to a necklace to adorn ! fair ?roat ( ,le>n+1 & 8 accompli%m5t1 8 devotion to ?is hobby1 m>ks him z ! v ,pr9ce ( ,collectors ( ,ye/]day4 ,i suppose !re h be5 collectors ev] s9ce ?+s 7 discov]$ to be collectable4 ,e object ( human creation seems ev5tually to fall )9 ! collect+ class1 ,fa!r ,"t say+ :54 ,c4 ,pl9i ,caecilii ,secundi ,epi/ul>um s\nds some:at =midable to ! e>s ( a foe to ! classics1 b x lately yield$ ?is morsel f ! eigh? lett] ( ,book ,,viii1 a lett] f ,pl9y to 8 good fri5d ,ruf9us3 ,y h n[ all ! t[n gossip2 no?+ b talk ab\t ,tullus4 ,we look =w>d to ! ,auction ,sale ( 8 effects4 ,he 0 s great a collector t ! v day he pur*as$ a va/ g>d51 he 0 able to adorn x completely ) antique /atues drawn f 8 /ores ( art treasures4 ,anci5t ,domitius ,tullus6 w\ld t we knew h[ y\r sale came out6 ,did y turn 9 y\r tomb t "s ,eros f ,praxiteles's own h&1 "s ,amor *isel$ by great ,phidias himself1 fet*$ b a hundr$? ( its value8 ,or did y ru% (f to ,dis & to ,pros]p9a ) ! gleeful tale ( h[ fri5d ,pl9y1 :o ?\ght to get some?+ = no?+1 0 =c$ up to a pr9ce's ransom by ,lucanus 9 ! matt] ( t little s>donyx gem1 engrav$ by ,pyrgoteles1 f9]1 ! auctione] decl>$1 ?an ! ,p]seus by ,diosk\rides8 ,h[ human x is to wi% to "k6 ,^? old ,romans 7 great collectors4 ,ev5 :5 ! creative _s _h deg5]at$ !y 7 appreciators ( ! f9e ?+s :i* ! ,greeks _h produc$4 ,petronius1 t arbit] eleganti>um ( ,n]o's c\rt1 amass$ ?\s&s ( rem>kable art treasures t ev5 ! emp]or long$ to possess4 ,incurr+ ,n]o's displeasure1 & dy+ "u ! ,emp]or's ord]s1 he disda9$ to imitate ! s]vility ( ^? :o1 "u l p5alty1 made ,n]o heir to _! possessions &1 z ,suetonius tells u1 fill$ _! wills ) encomiums ( ! tyrant & 8 favorites4 ,petronius broke to bits a preci\s goblet out ( :i* he commonly drank1 t ,n]o1 :o _h covet$ x1 might n h ! pleasure ( us+ x4 ,inc5di>y1 viol9i/ic ,n]o1 ,n]o :o on %av+ (f 8 be>d = ! fir/ "t put x 9 a gold5 box /udd$ ) preci\s gems6 ,:at w\ld n collectors ( a lock ( hair ( ?is great "o1 & ( t1 give to discov] ! be>d ( ,n]o6 ,i d>e say1 9 no "t 0 human nature m p]fectly und]/ood ?an 9 ,roman days4 ,ev5 ,augu/us ,cs> 0 wont to amuse himself by a device expla9$ by gossipy ,suetonius z foll[s3 8,he us$ to sell by lot among/ 8 gue/s articles ( v unequal value1 & pictures ) _! fronts rev]s$2 & s1 by ! unkn[n quality ( ! lot1 disappo9t or gratify ! expectation ( ! pur*as]s4 ,?is sort ( traffic w5t r\nd ! :ole company1 e "o be+ oblig$ to buy some?+1 & to run ! *ance ( loss or ga9 ) ! re/40 ,h[ _m ( u :o h frequ5t$ ! art sales 9 ,am]ican cities1 f ! old ,cl9ton ,hall auction days to ! pres5t1 w\ld h imag9$ t ,pl9y took su* ?+s z s]i\sly1 ,augu/us ,cs> su* ?+s 9 je/8 ,h[ old ! new _w is1 h[ new ! old6 ,f ! "t ( ! anci5t ,a!nian vase %ops1 & ev5 f long be=e t1 to our own day1 :5 we may br[se 9 ! realms ( antiqu>ians at home1 ! baza>s ( ! ,f> ,ea/ & ! qua9t +l5ooks ( ,europe :5 we are travel+1 collect+ has be5 a passion ) ! _m z well z a mania ( ! few4 ,b we1 ourselves1 are m prone to collect ! ?+s ( ye/]day ?an 7 ! collectors ( ye/]day to collect ! ?+s ( ! c5turies be=e _! "t4 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 f\nd "t :5 /e]+ ?r\gh ! p]il\s *annels ( endless family feuds to immortalize himself z a collector4 ,to ! ef=ts ( ,cosimo1 8 gr&fa!r1 are due ^? priceless classical & ,ori5tal manuscripts :i* =m$ ! nucleus ( ! ,laur5tian ,libr>y 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! gr&son 0 wor?y ( 8 =ebe>4 ,?r\gh ,joannes ,lasc>is he procur$ f ! mona/]y ( ,m\nt ,a?os two hundr$ manuscripts ( greate/ importance = ! ,laur5tian1 an incomp>able collection1 :i*1 toge!r ) o!r works ( art1 disappe>$ at ! sack+ ( ,flor5ce dur+ ! rule ( ,lor5zo's wret*$ly incompet5t son1 ,pi]o4 ,lor5zo1 not)/&+ 8 love = anci5t works ( art1 0 a ready patron ( ! art ( 8 "t4 ,lor5zo's daught]1 ,ca!r9e de' ,m$ici1 _h all ! ,m$ici love = art1 & %e1 too1 patroniz$ liv+ arti/s lavi%ly1 z h] husb&'s fa!r1 ,francis ,i1 _h done 9 ,france be=e h]4 ,%e x 0 :o took su* con/ructively active ?\ght = ! plann+ ( ! ,tuil]ies1 & h] int]e/ 9 books1 manuscripts1 & o!r ?+s l$ to enri*+ ! collections ( ! ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,:at a rem>kable li/ ( collectors ,france c write 9 h] ,gold5 ,book ( ,art-,lov]s--,jean ,groli]1 ,de ,?\1 ,pi]re ,jean ,m>iette1 ,c>d9al ,maz>91 ,comte de ,caylus--to "n b a few ( lit]ally ?\s&s6 ,nor mu/ we =get ,madame de ,pompad\r1 ^: libr>y & m>vel\s collection ( works ( art 7 sold aft] h] dea?4 ,!re is no "q t ,madame de ,pompad\r took a con/ructive int]e/ 9 art & lit]ature1 an int]e/ :i* l$ ,voltaire to ass]t t )\t h] patronage ! culture ( h] "t w\ld h f\nd itself 9 sorry plight "u ! rule ( a k+ ^: ?\ghts _h little or no?+ to d ) ! f9] ?+s ( life1 t k+ :o /ood at ! palace w9d[ look+ =? z ! cortge ( ! ,pompad\r pass$ by 9 a drizzl+ ra9 & rem>k$3 8,x is a wet day = ! ,m>quise60 ,*>les ,i ( ,engl& 0 a k+ ^: art-collect+ proclivities produc$ ri* spoils inde$ = ! ,cromwellians4 ,9 ! qua9tly word$ old catalogue record+ 8 possessions we f9d not$ among o!r ?+s1 8,item1 a l&scape piece ( trees1 & "s moori% wat]1 :]e9 are two ducks a swimm+1 & "s tr\p ( wat] fl[]s1 be+ done 9 a new way1 :]e( !y d make ,turkey c>pets1 :i* 0 pres5t$ to ! ,k+ by ! ,fr5* ,ambassador1 9 an all ov] gild$ frame #a ft4 #aj x #b ft41 #e wide40 ,"s ( ,k+ ,*>les's treasures 9 ! c5tury foll[+ pass$ into ! h&s ( ,horace ,walpole1 :o h\s$ !m 9 8 villa at ,/rawb]ry ,hill1 t 8,go?ic ca/le0 :i* reviv$ ! ,engli% eighte5?-c5tury ta/e = ,go?ic design4 ,au/9 ,dobson's 8,horace ,walpole0 says ( ! ma/] ( ,/rawb]ry ,hill3 ,z a virtuoso & amateur1 8 position is a mix$ "o4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly widely diff]5t f t typical art connoisseur ( 8 day1--! butt ( ,goldsmi? & ( ,reynolds1--:o travel$ ! ,gr& ,t\r to litt] a gall]y at home ) brok5-nose bu/s & ! rubbi% ( ! ,roman picture factories4 ,z ! preface to ! des ,walpolian %[$1 he really knew some?+ ab\t pa9t+2 9 fact1 0 a capable draughtsman himself2 & besides1 ?r\gh ,mann & o!rs1 _h enjoy$ exceptional opportunities = procur+ g5u9e antiques4 ,b 8 collection 0 n s ri* 9 ?is way z might h be5 anticipat$1 & 8 portraits1 8 *9a1 & 8 m9iatures 7 probably 8 be/ possessions4 ,we mu/ n judge ,walpole's virtuosity by all t accumulat$ 9 8 h\se--,wolsey's hat1 ,van ,tromp's pipe-case1 ,k+ ,william's spurs1 &1 ,i d>e say1 "s *ips ( /one f ! ,p>!non & a vial ( wat] f ! ,jordan6 ,b let x be rememb]$ t ^! ?+s 7 gifts to ,walpole1 & z su* 7 necess>ily )9 rea*1 j z ! cut-glass w$d+-pres5t pickle-di%es ( our own "t mu/ be giv5 %elt] aga9/ ! sudd5 appe>ance ( _! donors4 ,p]haps !re is m]it 9 ! discipl9e ( su* t5d]-he>t$ness4 ,well1 gone is ,ma/] ,horatio1 gone ! wits & beaux & belles ( 8 day1 b he rema9s 9 our ?\ghts z ! ,georgian ma/] ( ,*elsea *9a pseudo-%eph]ds & %eph]desses1 ! mo/ elegant ( collectors1 ! mo/ brilliant ( subjects 9 ! sov]eign realm ( preci\s bric--brac4 ,we are glad t he l5t 8 pres5ce to our ranks4 ,s1 y see1 collect+ is n m]ely a fad ( rec5t g5]ations4 ,9 t :i* has gone be=e !re is ev] a peculi> fasc9ation4 ,! field is unb\nd$1 its possibilities limitless2 ?+s :i* to u ( to-day are commonplace1 by reason ( _! ni*es 9 our e-day life1 w be treasures to po/]ity a hundr$ ye>s h5ce4 ,?us w ! love ( collect+ g on f g5]ation to g5]ation1 ) new conv]ts always ahead4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,am]ican ,,tables ,among collectors 9 ,am]ica !re is an ev]-increas+ int]e/ 9 8?+s ,am]ican40 ,"o ( ! mo/ attractive fields 9 :i* "o's hobby may br[se is t ( old furniture4 ,ne>ly e "o appreciates ! e>ly furniture ( good design & c>es to "k some?+ ( its hi/ory4 ,am]ica1 bo? 9 colonial times & 9 ! p]iod foll[+ ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 produc$ pieces ( _m sorts4 ,"s ( x 0 excell5t1 mo/ ( x 0 good1 & a little ( x 0 :olly ( an indiff]5t quality4 ,z table-mak]s ! e>ly ,am]ican craftsm5 exhibit$ mu* skill1 & su* examples ( _! "w z are to be met ) _c fail to attract ! att5tion ( ! al]t collector :o1 hav+ a h\se ( 8 own1 kn[s t by "s my/]i\s provid5ce1 no matt] h[ small t h\se may be1 !re w always seem to be room 9 x & ne$ 9 x = 8j "o m table10 if ! table is a 8f9d0 & ( int]e/ z an ,am]ican antique ( g5u9e au!nticity4 ,) tables1 z well z ) o!r pieces ( furniture1 ! e>ly ,am]ican craftsm5 :o produc$ ! f9] examples did n all[ !mselves any decid$ dep>ture f ,european models t 7 suffici5tly num]\s ) ! ,am]ican furniture-mak]s by ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury & at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5?4 ,naturally1 mu* furniture f ,engl& came into ! colonies ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( settlem5t & developm5t1 foll[$ by _m pieces ( ,fr5* design & manufacture4 ,if we turn n[ to ,engli% reflections 9 ,am]ican "w we %all f9d comp>isons ( decid$ int]e/4 ,!re is (t5 little or no?+ to di/+ui% e>ly ,am]ican pieces f _! ,engli% prototypes4 ,h[ev]1 !re 0 no 8slack+10 9 quality ( mat]ial1 workman%ip1 ( f9i% 9 ,am]ican furniture4 ,! colonial cab9et-mak]s 7 ?or\gh & consci5ti\s1 al?\gh n always 8arti/ic10 p]haps4 ,c]ta9ly ^! craftsm5 _h at _! comm& ! f9e/ woods--maple1 p9e1 walnut1 bir*1 *e/nut1 & ! %ips br\ght 9 quantities ( mahogany4 ,extant examples ( ?is e>ly craftsman%ip %[ at once ! intr9sic m]it ( /an* con/ruction & virile l9e t makes !m s mu* s\ght by collectors4 ,_! s9c]ity ( design1 :ile n always accompani$ by ! ref9em5ts ( /rik+ grace1 compels our att5tion & respect4 ,previ\s to #aggf we mu/ expect ,am]ican native furniture to run p>allel 9 /yle 7) natural lagg+ t5d5cies1 ( c\rse7 to ! ,engli% p]iods ) :i* !y 7 contempor>y4 ,9 e>lie/ colonial times1 times :5 voyages 7 few & f> betwe51 l>ge %ipm5ts ( furniture 7 n to be consid]$4 ,z ! weal? ( ! individual coloni/s increas$1 luxuries came to hold a place 9 trade :i* !y c\ld n h held at an e>li] day 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,) ! adv5t1 too1 ( colonial (ficials1 fat ( purse1 s5t ov] by ! "m c\ntry1 came articles to enhance z well z to cont9ue _! com=t4 ,"o c\ld be m cont5t$ ) an easy-*air ?an )\t1 & little by little ! rude b5* furniture ( ! ,pilgrims 0 locally develop$ 7rev]t+ to ,engli% patt]ns7 into a m attractive & acceptable sort ( furniture1 or 0 augm5t$ by importations4 ,at ! same "t ?is increas$ dem& = cab9et-mak+ invit$ ,engli% craftsm5 to seek _! =tunes 9 ! ,new ,_w1 & be=e long a v respectable home indu/ry1 bo? 9 ! ,nor? & 9 ! ,s\?1 0 mak+ its influ5ce felt4 ,=tunately ,new ,engl& ?rift 7or p]haps x 0 cons]vatism7 has pres]v$ to u _m pieces ( ?is e>ly ,am]ican furniture1 "s ( x dat+ back to ! "t ( ,k+ ,james ,,ii4 ,^! ,new ,engl& ,jacobean pieces foll[ simple l9es 9 g5]al1 ) "h & !re a piece ( ornate type4 ,9 ! reign ( ,william & ,m>y & t ( ,anne a rapidly increas+ numb] ( ,engli% craftsm5 migrat$ to ! ,am]ican ,colonies1 :]e !y help$ to p]petuate ! /yles ( ?is p]iod4 ,x is n at all uncommon to meet ) v f9e examples ( ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod :i* 7 contemporane\sly produc$ by ,am]ican craftsm52 9 fact1 "s ( ! ,new ,engl& cab9et-mak]s became s pr(ici5t t ! products ( _! %ops rival$ ! output ( ,briti% mak]s bo? 9 /aun*ness ( con/ruction & accuracy ( cont\r4 ,! well-proportion$ cabriole legs ( _m pieces ( ?is description extant--! g5]ic t]m = furniture ) a 8knee10 d]iv$ f ! ,fr5* cabriole 7goat-leap7--are z well design$ z any ( ! examples !n be+ produc$ 9 ! "m c\ntry by ! skill$ ,engli% cab9et-mak]s4 ,naturally1 ! local colonial production ( ,*ipp5dale1 ,adam1 ,hepple:ite1 & ,%]aton /yles 0 support$ by ! afflu5ce to :i* ! colonies atta9$4 ,dur+ ! tr\bles ( ! ,revolution ! importation ( mahogany by ! colonies 0 div]t$ by ,great ,brita94 ,sub/itutes1 = ! "t--& ?is began to m>k a decl9e1 ) fluctuations 9 ! mat]ials us$--_h to be f\nd1 su* z t ( ! sweetgum tree1 ,liquidamb> ,/yraciflua1 :i* 9 appe>ance & g5]al "* is v simil> to mahogany1 its di/+ui%+ features be+ a slightly light] color & gra94 ,! ,dut* influ5ce seems less to h ent]$ ! traditions ( ,am]ican furniture ?an t ( ,engl& or ( ,france4 ,a fair am\nt ( furniture 0 import$ by ! ,dut* ( ,new ,am/]dam f ,holl&1 & num]\s au!ntic pieces ( ?is ,dut* furniture h come d[n to u2 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! gate-leg table :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,manor ,h\se at ,croton-on-,hudson4 ,b local cab9et-mak]s soon came to bl5d features ( ! ,engli% /yles ) ^? ( ! ,dut* design]s & f9ally purely ,engli% /yles sup]s$$ ! o!rs4 ,/ill ano!r local division ( colonial furniture 0 t introduc$ by ^? settl]s kn[n z ! ,p5nsylvania ,dut*4 ,?is type ( 8,dut*0 mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! ,dut* ( ,new ,am/]dam4 ,com+ to ,p5nsylvania1 ^! immigrants br\ght ) !m _! gaily pa9t$ peasant furniture1 & 9 ! e>ly days ( ! colony !y produc$ mu* ( t sort = _! own use4 ,h5ce _! furniture _c be said to h be5 a product design$ = ! m>ket4 ,examples ( x did n /ray f> f ! locality ( _! production1 save 9 ^? in/ances :]e ! settl]s emigrat$ to o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,ev5 !n x appe>s to h ex]t$ little or no influ5ce outside ,p5nsylvania t]ritory4 ,/iff1 conv5tional fl[]s & fruits1 birds1 & decorative b&s *>act]ize ! decorations4 ,pieces ( ?is sort are /ill to be f\nd 9 c5tral & s\!a/]n ,p5nsylvania1 al?\gh ! majority ( su* decorat$ wood antiques extant consi/ ( bridal *e/s & small boxes4 ,9 ! ,nor? mu* ( ! e>ly furniture1 especially tables1 0 made ( maple1 p9e & bir*4 ,walnut1 ( c\rse1 0 a great favorite1 p>ticul>ly ) ! e>li] cab9et-mak]s ( ,p5nsylvania1 :]e sup]b slabs ( beautiful black walnut 7 mill$ f ! wond]ful old trees1 t s soon disappe>$ ?r\gh ?is dem&4 ,we mu/ n be surpris$ to f9d s little e>ly furniture ( ! ,s\?1 =1 despite ! weal? & culture ( ,virg9ia1 ! ,c>ol9as1 & ,m>yl& 9 colonial times1 ^! ,s\!rn coloni/s 7 equally fa%ionable1 & disc>d$ ! old = ! new be=e ! dawn ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 e>li] ?an did ! ,nor!rn]s4 ,a se>* ( ! s\!rn /ates w sc>cely yield "o piece ( ,jacobean design4 ,a hunt = orig9al ,william-&-,m>y w be equally fruitless4 ,b 9 ! /yle ( ,que5 ,anne1 _m excell5t pieces w be f\nd4 ,no /ory ( ,am]ican furniture1 no matt] h[ brief1 c be writt5 )\t m5tion+ ! "n ( ,duncan ,phyfe1 ! ,new ,york cab9et-mak] ^: arti/ic products ju/ly won him ! sobriquet ( 8,! ,am]ican ,%]aton40 ,! p]iod betwe5 #agie & #ahcj 0 m>k$ by a p]si/5t dis9t]e/ 9 all 8?+s ,engli%10 & an ard5t admiration = all 8?+s ,fr5*10 & ?is prejudice %[$ itself 9 ! furniture4 ,am]ican cab9et-mak]s adapt$ ^! ,fr5* designs accord+ to _! lights1 & ! result 0 n always unsuccessful4 ,at ! v end ( its influ5ce ! "w sank to a l[ level ( arti/ic m]it4 ,be=e t "t x _h kn[n ! apex ( arti/ic l9e 9 ! works ( ,phyfe1 & if we are to judge ,am]ican ,empire1 x 7 bett] to use ! high /&>ds set by 8 fam\s productions4 ,! tables ( ?is p]iod 7 usually made ) squ>e ends1 ! d9+-tables be+ ( ! ext5sion type hav+ drop leaves & o!r leaves :i* c\ld ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,am]ican ,walnut ,gate-,leg ,table1 #afge-agjj ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,p9e & ,walnut ,*air-,table1 cicra #agjj ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,*]ry & ,maple ,gate-,leg ,table1 #afge-agjj ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,h4 ,h[ell ,late #ah? ,c5tury ,engli% ,tea ,caddy ,late #ah? ,c5tury ,engli% ,tea ,caddies ,ivory ,tea ,caddy & two ,tortoise-%ell ( #ah? ,c5tury be ins]t$ on p$e/al tables4 ,at ?is "t c5tre-tables came into vogue4 ,^! 7 ord9>ily circul> 9 %ape & usually re/$ on ornate p$e/als ris+ f a pl9? support$ by w+$ claw feet4 ,"s ( ^! tables 7 rectangul> & "s _h d\ble tops t fold$ out or c\ld be turn$ up aga9/ ! wall4 ,! 8s(a tables0 ( ,phyfe's design 7 oblong & _h n>r[ drop leaves at bo? sides1 ! ends support$ by ! ,lyre motif4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,tea ,,& ,,antiquity ,"o aft]noon ( a day late 9 autumn we 7 hav+ tea 9 ,camb]well4 ,! home ( our ,engli% fri5ds 0 a h\se r$ol5t ) memories4 ,! ,br[n+s1 ,c>lyle1 & _m o!rs _h 9 days gone by ga!r$ b5ea? ! hospitable ro(4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? h\ses ^: ext]ior gave h9t ( an int]e/+ hi/ory4 ,n all int]e/+ h\ses d t4 ,?is "o p>ticul>ly did1 s mu* s t x l5t mu* ( its fasc9ation 7or appe>$ to l5d x7 to its neighbors4 ,p]haps we 7 9 ! mood = ?9k+ s1 = _h we n dropp$ 9 to a tea at ano!r wond]ful h\se a few /eps away b ! day be=e8 ,& :at a h\se t _h be56 ,:at a ho/6 ,i ?9k all ! treasures ( ! e>? mu/ h be5 ga!r$ !re to commemorate ! ye/]days ( beautiful ?+s1 ( int]e/+ p]sonalities4 ,!re 0 ! actual *air 9 :i* ,george ,eliot sat :5 writ+ 8,romola02 ,i _h sat 9 x dr9k+ tea6 ,a plate ( delectable biscuits 0 at my "r--on ,c>lyle's table6 ,if ,i _h be5 ill-mann]$ en\gh to dev\r all ! biscuits1 ,i am sure t plate w\ld h reveal$ itself z equally delectable ,svres2 ,i guess z mu* f its edge4 ,:at an aft]noon t _h be56 ,*>les ,lamb's bookcase6 ,! ,p]sian lacqu]$ mirror t _h belong$ to ,rossetti6 8,& did y "k10 said my companion1 8t our ho/ is ! orig9al ( ,walt] ,pat]'s #8,m>ius ! ,epicurean1' 8 be/ fri5d80 ,x 0 !n t ,i gasp$ =? some?+ ab\t a ,mahomet 9 ,mecca4 8,y mu/ rememb]10 said ! o!r indulg5tly1 8t y are 9 ,london40 ,& "h we /ood1 ?is o!r aft]noon1 on ! ?re%old ( ano!r happy adv5ture6 8,tea & antiquity seem to g amaz+ly well toge!r10 said our ho/ ( ?is second day1 8b our fri5d ,m>ius has probably %[n y t4 ,/ill1 8 hobbies are _m4 ,ours are few4 ,if we h n ridd5 9 e nook & corn] ( ! _w1 we h ridd5 furi\sly 9 "o direction--tea40 ,) curiosity piqu$ we foll[$ to ! libr>y4 8,ar?ur60 w>n$ our ho/ess1 z ! ma/] ( ! h\se paus$ be=e ! glass-encas$ %elves to ! "r ( a tape/ry-hung doorway4 8,no10 he laugh$1 8,i'm n go+ to--yet6 ,y see1 e book on ^? %elves has to d ) tea1 old tea1 new tea1 good tea1 poor tea4 ,ev]y?+ any "o has ev] kn[n & pr9t$ ab\t tea is !re4 ,y w f9d ! fir/ edition ( ,pepys's ,di>y1 9 :i* t indefatigable *ronicl] rem>ks #8,i did s5d = a cup ( tee 7a ,*9ese dr9k71 ( :i* ,i nev] _h drunk be=e4' ,!n !re is ! r>e fir/ edition ( ,philippe ,sylve/re ,duf\r's #8,mann] ( ,mak+ ,c(fee1 ,tea & ,*ocolate1' a qua9t little volume pr9t$ 9 #afhe1 & j !re0--our ho/ po9t$ ?r\gh ! glass--8is ,simon ,paulli's #8,comm5t>ius' ( #affe40 8,ar?ur10 laugh$ our ho/ess1 8rememb] ! fate ( ,c>leton & ,"l ,nor? 9 =c+ tea d[n ! ?roat ( ,am]ica1 :ile ,britannia wept60 8,i meant to g /raight ahead60 our ho/ repli$ ) affect$ meekness1 hold+ back ! tape/ry to admit u into ! v sanctum ( ?is ent]ta9+ collector's wor%ip+4 ,! l>ge room1 despite its g5]\s dim5sions1 0 cozy4 ,al?\gh fill$ almo/ to ov]fl[+ ) r>e bits ( *9a1 pr9ts1 brasses1 pewt]--9 fact1 ) a weal? ( objects t w\ld delight ! he>t ( any collector--!re 0 ord] 9 x all4 ,"o did n tumble ov] a ,turkey-r$ tea-cozy or mi/ake x = a hassock4 ,nor did "o h to compress elb[ to side to keep f precipitat+ preci\s tea-cups to ! floor und]foot4 ,9 ?is in/ance a rem>kable collection ( antiques & curios furni%$ a :ole room4 8,i _c vie ) ,m>ius 9 (f]+ y ! ?rone ( ,george ,eliot10 said our ho/1 8b "h is a v com=table arrangem5t once occupi$ by ,que5 ,anne40 8,yes10 comm5t$ our ho/ess2 8,ar?ur w5t ?readb>e to h x1 because ,alex&] ,pope happ5$ to h writt53 ,"h1 ?\1 great ,anna6 :om ?ree realms obey1 ,do/ sometimes c\nsel take1--& sometimes tea4 ,9 fact1 ,i once arriv$ j 9 "t to prev5t him f buy+ ,leigh ,hunt's spectacles j because--:at 0 x ,leigh ,hunt said ( tea1 ,ar?ur8 ,i nev] c rememb]40 8#8,oh1 heav5s6 to sip t mo/ exquisite cup ( delight 0 bliss almo/ too great = e>?2 a ?\s& ye>s ( rapture all conc5trat$ into ! space ( a m9ute1 z if ! joy ( all ! _w _h be5 skimm$ = my peculi> dr9k+1 ,i %\ld r say imbib+1 = to h swall[$ t leg5d l an ord9>y bev]age )\t ta/+ e drop w\ld h be5 a sacrilege4'0 8,no wond] y 7 ke5 = ! spectacles60 ,i cri$4 8,b ,i've nev] he>d ( ,leigh ,hunt's spectacles6 ,i don't believe he ev] wore !m4 ,y h to make all[ance = ! attitude my bett] half holds t[>d tea60 8,no1 my de>10 our ho/ess repli$ sweetly1 8y "k ,i love ^! ?+s z mu* z y d40 ,x 0 true4 ,n[1 :ile we did n talk tea ?r\gh\t all our little visit1 we did eag]ly exam9e ! old tea-furniture4 ,!re 0 ,delft1 pott]y1 & porcela9 ( all sorts1 m>vel\s tea-caddies1 a collection ( pr9ts & c>icatures ( ! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty4 8,!re 7 o!r tea-p>ties ov] !re 9 ,am]ica10 our ho/ expla9$2 8y neglect !m t]ribly6 ,!re 0 ! #8,tea-p>ty' ( ,philadelphia 9 #aggc1 ! #8,tea-p>ty' ( ,ed5ton 9 #aggd & ! same ye> ! #8,tea-p>ties' ( ,cumb]l& ,c\nty & ( ,gre5wi*1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,i h !m all 9 ! libr>y60 ,we saw ! books be=e com+ away4 ,n ! lea/ int]e/+ 0 ,*ipp5dale's 8,! ,g5tleman & ,cab9et-,mak]s' ,director10 issu$ 9 ,london 9 #agfb1 ) its designs = tea-tables & tea-*e/s1 & ! ,hepple:ite book ( #aghg4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson 0 rat$ a prodigi\s tea-dr9k] 9 8 day1 8beyond all prec$5t40 ,we did n compete ) 8 record1 nor yet ) t ( ,bi%op ,burnet1 :o ?\ght no?+ ( sixte5 cups ( a morn+1 b we did n f9d our tea ta/e /9t$1 t delightful aft]noon at ,camb]well4 ,v5us h] myrtle1 ,phbus has h] ,bays ,tea bo? excels1 :i* %e v\*safes to praise4 ,we f\nd ,wall]'s l9es com+ to m9d _m times aft]w>d1 :5 we _h come to discov] !m 9 a du/y tome ( #affb :i* we f\nd = a p5ny 9 a book-/all & add$ x to tea-ana6 ,& :at response to ! memory ( ,camb]well adv5tures 0 evok$ :51 home aga9 9 our own c\ntry1 we *anc$ ^u ,?omas's 8,massa*usetts ,spy0 & read !re9 t t\*+ f>ewell to tea6 ,f>ewell1 ! teabo>d ) its equipage ,( cups & sauc]s1 cream bucket & sug> tongs1 ,! pretty tea-*e/ also lately /or$ ,) ,hyson1 ,congo & be/ ,d\ble ,f9e4 ,we began !n ) en?usiasm to read up on tea4 ,x behoov$ u to beg9 ) ! 8tea-p>ty0 episodes our ho/ 9 ,camb]well _h h9t$ at z neglect$ by our hi/ories4 ,= "o ?+1 !re 7 ! autographs to be s\ght ( _m ( ! revolution>y p>ticipants4 ,we f\nd a book on ! subject1 long s9ce out ( pr9t1 & _m a h9t 0 conta9$ !re94 ,?is 0 8,tea ,leaves0 by ,francis ,s4 ,drake1 8,be+ a collection ( lett]s & docum5ts relat+ to ! ,%ipm5t ( ,tea to ! ,am]ican ,colonies 9 ! ye> #aggc1 by ! ,ea/ ,india ,tea ,company40 ,!re we f\nd _m portraits1 facsimile signatures1 etc4 ,x is a book wor? look+ =4 ,our copy co/ u b two doll>s4 ,on a fly-leaf "s "o--n ! poet himself1 alas6--_h copi$ ^! l9es ( ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes's 8,a ,ballad ( ! ,bo/on ,tea ,p>ty03 ,no6 nev] su* a draught 0 p\r$ ,s9ce ,hebe s]v$ ) nect> ,! bright ,olympians & _! "l ,h] ov]-k9d protector2 ,s9ce ,fa!r ,noah squeez$ ! grape ,& took to su* behav+1 ,z w\ld h %am$ our gr&sire ape1 ,be=e ! days ( %av+2 ,no1 ne'er 0 m+l$ su* a draught1 ,9 palace1 hall or arbor ,z freem5 brew$ & tyrants quaff$ ,t night 9 ,bo/on ,h>bor6 ,& h[ completely ! old rancor ( x is gone 9 ^! days :5 our he>ts beat 9 unison ) ! he>ts ( our ,briti% c\s9s6 ,h[ diff]5t are our tea-p>ties to-day1 ,am]ican & ,briti%]1 bro!r & bro!r6 ,:5 we began collect+ tea ?+s1 we did n get ev]y?+ we want$6 ,"o ( ! tantaliz+ treasures beyond our rea* 0 ! poetical effusion ( ,mr4 ,nahum ,tate1 :o liv$ f #afeb to #agae & celebrat$ ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury ) 8,panacea1 a poem ^u tea1 ) a disc\rse on its ,sov'ra9 virtues2 & directions 9 ! use ( x = heal?40 ,a gre$y ,mc5as outbid u at ! book auction :]e we ?\ght only ourselves _h discov]$ or c\ld possibly wi% to acquire x6 ,) ,dr4 ,john ,coakley ,lettson's 8,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,tea-,tree10 pr9t$ 9 ,london 9 #agii1 we 7 m =tunate4 ,likewise ,mr4 ,t4 ,%ort's 8,a ,diss]tation ^u ,tea1 ,expla9+ ,its ,nature & ,prop]ties1 ,%[+ f ,philosophical ,pr9ciples1 ! ,v>i\s ,effects ,x ,has on ,diff]5t ,con/itutions2 ,also a ,disc\rse on ,sage & ,wat]10 produc$ 9 #agcj1 0 ours = ! exp5diture ( t5 %ill+s1 a r>e piece ( =tune com+ to our door ?r\gh ! good graces ( a ,birm+ham book-sell]'s catalogue4 ,i fancy good ,que5 ,anne set ! pace to second place = sage & wat]6 ,we are /ill on ! look\t = ! 8,treatise on ! ,inh]5t ,qualities ( ! ,tea-,h]b10 by 8,a ,g5tleman ( ,cambridge10 ^: s*ol>ly effusion came f a ,london press 9 #agej4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our adv5tures at home we f\nd t tea-collectors 7 m num]\s ?an we %\ld h dream$ !m to be1 p]haps because ! subject embrac$ collect+ 9 almo/ e field--furniture1 old silv]1 *9a & pott]y1 pewt]1 brasses1 books1 pr9ts1 & :at n2 to say no?+ ( collectors ( ,ori5tal tea ?+s1 z1 = in/ance1 ! lady :o has sev5 hundr$ & ?irty-two int]e/+ ,japanese tea-pots1 ! equally int]e/+ lady :o has a collection consi/+ ( z f9e z possible a tea-cup ( e sort ( porcela9 & w>e ( :i* tea-cups h be5 fabricat$ s9ce ! memorable days foll[+ ! pres5tation ( two p\nds ( tea to ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii by ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,ano!r collector has gott5 toge!r a great numb] ( f9e ,japanese color-pr9ts1 ! subjects ( :i* h to d ) ! tea c]emony1 & yet ano!r g5tleman 8goes 90 = ! ,*a-no-yu 7tea c]emony7 pott]y ( ,japan4 ,probably ! mo/ int]e/+ collection ( tea-caddies 9 ,am]ica is t own$ by ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,h4 ,h[ell ( ,new ,york4 ,tea-caddies (f] to ! collector an ent]ta9+ hobby1 = al?\gh !y are by no means common1 !y are /ill to be 8discov]$0 9 _m ( ^? nooks t long s9ce h1 p]haps1 giv5 up o!r collectable ?+s4 ,i rememb] once dwell+ ) en?usiasm on ! pleasures ( collect+ tea ?+s4 8,i h a little hobby along t l9e myself10 rem>k$ "o ( ! gr\p1 8teaspoons40 8,don't y h to be c>eful80 0 ! "q ! man next to him c\ld n refra9 f putt+4 ,b p]haps our fri5ds are n always z sympa!tic ) ! collector's pursuits or z c\rte\sly att5tive1 & !re is always a "t to /op be=e "o becomes a bore6 ,,*apt] ,v ,,cup-,,plates ,x is surpris+ h[ r>e ! cup-plates ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury h become1 consid]+ _! univ]sal use dur+ t p]iod :5 !y 7 reg>d$ z necess>y & fa%ionable accessories to ! tea-set4 ,9 ! days ( our great-gr&mo!rs ! etiquette ( tea-dr9k+ 0 m>k$ly diff]5t f t :i* ma9ta9s 9 our own day4 ,!n ! tea-cup occupi$ mu* ! position t ! tea-b[l /ill holds ) ! ,*9ese1 & ! sauc] t ( ! t9y ,*9ese cup4 ,9 o!r words--we blu% to confess x6--our tea-dr9k+ ance/ors us$ ! sauc]s ( _! tea-cups to cool _! tea 91 & :ile ! sauc]s 7 s utiliz$1 t9y plates 7l ! plates ( a doll's tea-set7 7 employ$ z hold]s = ! cups1 ?us to protect ! poli%$ top ( ! tea-table or1 p]haps1 ! trays ( sat9wood f be+ /a9$ by ! moi/ cup rims4 ,j :y1 :5 s _m ( ^! little cup-plates 7 9 use1 s few h surviv$ seems a my/]y4 ,:ile tea-cups1 cream-pit*]s & sug>-b[ls ab\nd1 cup-plates /ill rema9 elusive4 ,?is is because ^! t9y objects1 be+ truly plates 9 m9iature1 71 :5 !y fell into disuse 7& be=e collectors ( old *9a & old e>!nw>e began to take an int]e/ 9 !m71 giv5 to *ildr5 to play )1 ?us meet+ ! g5]al de/ruction to :i* ne>ly all dolls' di%es ( all p]iods succumb4 ,?is seems ! plausible !ory = acc\nt+ = ! sc>city ( ! cup-plate4 ,nev]!less1 despite its r>ity1 ! collector ne$ n be disc\rag$4 ,9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry :]e settlem5t has be5 e>ly ! collector ( old *9a /ill /&s a good *ance ( pick+ up cup-plates ( all sorts4 ,ev5 ! glass ones are yet to be f\nd4 ,true x is t any exceptionally f9e cup-plates (f]$ 9 ! antique %ops g5]ally br+ high prices4 ,= in/ance1 a f\r-in* cup-plate br\ght tw5ty-?ree doll>s at auction a ye> ago1 & ano!r fet*$ ?irty-six doll>s at private sale4 ,c]ta9 o!r cup-plates :i* h come to ! au?or's att5tion h be5 held = prices runn+ f f\rte5 to =ty-five doll>s apiece4 ,al?\gh ! collector ( mod]ate means may n expect to indulge 9 _m pur*ases1 he is apt to run across f9e pieces at b>ga9 prices t w s5d 8 spirits to ! level ( true elation4 ,fir/ ( all1 h[ev]1 he mu/ /udy ! subject & le>n to "k a cup-plate :5 he sees "o1 = ! successful collector is nev] a hunt] ( ,sn>ks6 ,only two hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago ! ,ea/ ,india ,company consid]$ ! gift ( a c\ple ( p\nds ( tea a pr9cely "o to make ! ,k+ ( ,engl&6 ,pepys gives u an inkl+ z to h[ uncommon a ?+ tea-dr9k+ 0 9 8 "t4 ,h[ev]1 ! use ( cup-plates is a mu* lat] "o ?an ,pepys's day2 !y 7 n ! fa%ion until tea-dr9k+ _h become an almo/ univ]sal cu/om4 ,! illu/rations w give ! read] an idea ( ! v>iety to be f\nd 9 cup-plates4 ,:ile ! pieces put to ?is use are ne>ly ( a size1 _! diamet]s v>y by a fraction ( an in* to an in* or m4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n cup-plate s]ies is ,hall's 8,hamp%ire ,sc5]y10 ) bord]s ( primroses1 hepatica1 & o!r fl[]s resembl+ _m ( ! ,clews bord]s4 ,_! color is ri* blue4 ,john ,hall ,sons 7 ,/af=d%ire pott]s 7#ahaj-ahbj71 ^: m>ks on w>es ,*aff]s places 9 ! 8unc]ta90 li/4 ,!n !re is a 8,quadrup$s ,s]ies40 ,! m>k on ?is resembles an ext5d$ bell1 on :i* appe>s ! "n 8,i4 ,,hall0 9 capital lett]s1 ) ! ^w 8,,quadrup$s0 9 crude capital lett]s bel[1 on a curta9-l ext5sion ) inv]t$ flut+s4 ,b f> m beautiful ?an ei!r ( ^! sets1 & m int]e/+ to ! ,am]ican collector1 are ^? ( a s]ies 9 ri* blue1 "o ( :i* %[s ! ,p>k ,squ>e ,!atre1 ,bo/on1 & be>s ! *>act]i/ic oak-leaf & acorn bord] ( ,r4 ,/ev5son & ,williams4 ,all ! designs ( ,ralph ,/ev5son are eag]ly s\ght by collectors ( old *9a4 ,! ,/ev5son works 7 9 ,cobridge1 ,/af=d%ire1 b all record ( bo? pott] & pott]y seems to h disappe>$4 ,ano!r cup-plate s]ies conta9s a view ( ! fir/ ,unit$ ,/ates ,m9t1 ,philadelphia1 & has ! *>act]i/ic bord]--( scrolls1 eagles1 & fl[]s--( ,joseph ,/ubbs4 ,?is pott] made comp>atively few pieces = ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,f #agij to #ahcj he 0 own] ( ! ,dale ,hall ,works at ,burslem4 ,8 cup-plates are among ! mo/ desir$ objects ( ! sort4 ,_m cup-plates bore mottoes & v]ses su* z ^? ( ! ,liv]pool type1 a ,romance ,s]ies1 = in/ance1 conta9+ "o kn[n z 8,return+ ,hopes10 ) ! ard5t v]se appe>+ !reon z foll[s3 ,:5 seam5 to _! homes return1 ,& meet _! wives or swee!>ts de>1 ,ea* lov+ lass ) rapture burns1 ,to f9d h] long-lo/ lov] ne>4 ,^! ,liv]pool cup-plates1 by reason ( _! pictorial nature1 h always be5 popul> ) collectors1 h5ce ! sc>city ( !m 9 antique & curio %ops4 ,private collectors1 too1 seem loa? to "p ) specim5s ( su* pr9t$ w>es4 ,! glass cup-plates 9 native ,am]ican manufacture are 9 no s5se comp>able e/hetically ) ! cup-plates ( porcela9 & pott]y ( =eign fabrique4 ,/ill !y are int]e/+ hi/orically4 ,! majority ( ! glass cup-plates 7 cry/all9e glass1 ?\gh "s 7 color$--blue1 gre51 yell[1 br[n1 amb]1 rose1 purple1 etc4 ,!re 7 _m glass factories 9 ,am]ica 9 colonial days z well z 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & ,am]ican h\seholds 7 well suppli$ by !m ) cup-plates1 al?\gh 9 design ^! 71 m (t5 ?an n1 ( comp>atively little beauty4 ,among ! patt]n$ cup-plate w>es ! collector w f9d1 _m v>ieties ( ! hundr$s ( v>ieties ( ! 8,will[0 patt]n may ) reasonable c]ta9ty be trac$ to _! v>i\s pott]s2 b ?is is a special /udy 9 itself1 & "o entail+ ! ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,m>y ,h4 ,nor!nd & ,mr4 ,william ,a4 ,coop] ,cup-,plates ,l&scape1 ,wild ,rose ,bord] ,l&scape1 ,falls ( ,kill>ney ,press$ ,glass ,cup-,place ,portrait ( ,h5ry ,clay ,floral ,patt]n ,hy5a ,design ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,all5 ,munn ,e>ly ,pr9t$ ,cottons ,allegory ( ,frankl91 & ,apo!osis ( ,wa%+ton surm\nt+ ( _m difficulties4 ,! amateur ne$ n conc]n himself ) ! matt] completely 9 ord] to enjoy ! few examples t may *ance to discov] !mselves to him4 ,! lovely d>k-blue ,dav5port w>e1 ) designs 9 ! ,*9ese /yle1 are wor? look+ =4 ,w>e su* z ?is is famili> to e collector & is com+ to be appreciat$ m g5]ally ?an =m]ly4 ,f ev5 a small collection ( cup-plates mu* pleasure may be d]iv$1 & ! collector ne$ n feel t x is hopeless to />t gett+ toge!r examples ( wor?4 ,if ?+s are be+ pick$ up "h & !re on ! "o h&1 x is true t1 on ! o!r1 examples ( cup-plates fully wor? :ile are com+ to ! m>ket z well z leav+ x4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,*9tz ,*9tz has be5 call$ ! tapiss]ie d',aubusson ( ! cottage home4 ,its place 9 ! affections ( ! collector ( antiques & curios has long be5 secure4 ,= fully fifty ye>s & m lov]s ( h\sehold anci5try h ga!r$ to _! appreciation bits ( old pr9t$ fabrics4 ,orig9ally ! ^w 8*9tz0 0 appli$ to ! pr9t$ cotton fabric f ,india1 ea* piece be+ call$ 9 e>ly days a *9t1 a "n :i* 0 d]iv$ f ! ,h9du c9t1 ,b5gal cit1 & ,sanscrit *itra1 mean+ spott$ or v>iegat$4 ,aft]w>d x came to be appli$ to ! glaz$ pr9t$ calicoes ( ,european & ,am]ican manufacture1 gaily patt]n$ ) fl[]s & birds & figures 9 div]se colors on a :ite gr\nd4 ,its cal5d]$ du/-%$d+ surface made ! mat]ial a great favorite ) c>eful h\sewives4 ,cretonne1 ! ,fr5* sub/itute = *9tz1 a heavi] mat]ial1 0 n introduc$ until some:]e ar\nd ! ye> #ahfj4 ,! old-"t *9tzes are n s easily pick$ up n[adays4 ,h[ev]1 !re are /ill excell5t *ances ( occasional 8f9ds10 ev5 9 antique-comb$ ,am]ica1 :]e1 happily1 collect+ has come to be "o ( our *ief pa/imes4 ,i "k "o collector :o has be5 s =tunate z to obta9 _m qua9t specim5s ( old pr9t$ fabrics at small co/1 f an uphol/]] 9 8 own t[n4 ,f "t to "t *airs & s(as 7 br\ght to ! uphol/]] to be re-cov]$4 ,(t5 ^! _h sev]al lay]s ( mat]ial "u ! out] "o1 & bel[ ^? ( lat] days he w\ld f9d1 n[ & !n1 cov]+s ( old pr9t$ cotton fabrics4 ,among ^! 7 a lovely spray-patt]n *9tz ( ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod & a h&-pr9t ( pa/oral design by "o ,r4 ,jones1 manufactur] ( ,old ,=d1 ,london1 :o produc$ patt]n$ *9tzes ab\t ! ye> #agfj4 ,_m ( ! new pr9t$ cotton fabrics h borr[$ _! patt]ns f ^! int]e/+ textile ance/ors1 ?\gh n[adays1 9 ! case ( mono*rome & duo*rome pr9ts1 ! color effects are some:at ri*] ?an ^? t obta9$ 9 ! pr9t$ fabrics ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ) _! cold *ocolate br[ns1 bottle-gre5s1 & ox-blood r$s4 ,= ! collector !re w naturally be an inimitable *>m ab\t ! orig9al pieces1 n to m5tion _! hi/oric int]e/1 :ile old multicolor$ *9tzes _c be surpass$ 9 lovel9ess4 ,*9tz atta9$ a beauty & a di/9ction ( its own :5 x attract$ ! fancy ( ! fa%ionables ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,to ma9ta9 its favor1 x did n re/ cont5t ) be+ imitative b develop$ its own res\rces ) a consequ5t ri*ness t m>ks its place among decorative fabrics ( ! e>ly days4 ,a sixte5?-c5tury ,portuguese writ]1 by "n ,odo>do ,b>bosa1 gives u an int]e/+ e>ly ref]5ce to pr9t$ fabrics3 8,great quantities ( cotton clo?s1 admirably pa9t$1 are held 9 highe/ e/imation40 ,b ev5 "s two hundr$ ye>s be=e 8 "t ! n>rators ( ! romance ( comm]ce 7 celebrat+ ! *9tzes ( ! ,corom&el ,india coa/4 ,d\btless ^! pr9t$ fabrics ( ! e>li] c5turies atta9$ an intricacy & beauty t 7 long d5i$ ! ,european pr9t$ textiles :i* !y inspir$4 ,e>ly examples ( ! latt] are 9 no way comp>able1 arti/ically or te*nically1 ) contempor>y ,india pr9ts4 ,ev5 to-day x w\ld be difficult to improve e/hetically on ! beautiful pr9t$ /uffs t come to u f ! c\ntries ( ! ,ori5t4 ,we d n "k ) c]ta9ty ! circum/ances att5d+ ! introduction into ,europe ( ! manufacture ( pr9t$ fabrics4 ,long be=e ,engli% weav]s _h und]tak5 ! indu/ry1 ! pr9t+ ( fabrics fl\ri%$ on ! ,cont95t4 ,! sixte5? c5tury ref]5ces to pr9t$ cottons 9 ,engl& are s few & s vague t we are virtually )\t k ( ! e>lie/ manufactories ( ^! fabrics4 ,we d "k1 h[ev]1 t v]itable legions ( skill$ craftsm5 9 ! textile arts settl$ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is to !m1 probably1 t ! art owes its introduction !re4 ,! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum exhibits a qua9t old trade c>d--itself ! impression ( a wood-block su* z ! clo?-pr9t]s us$--:i* be>s ! repres5tation ( a cotton-pr9t] at "w4 ,9 ! co/ume ( 8 "t--! reign ( ,james ,,ii--he /&s be=e a long1 broad ,jacobean table1 l5g?wise ( :i* lies a piece ( clo?1 "o ?ird %[+ ! patt]n :i* ! pr9t] has impress$ on x4 ,beh9d ! left end ( ! table is set a ,jacobean /ool on :i* re/s a circul> bas9 conta9+ ! color1 :i* a boy is wait+ to apply to ! wood-block = pr9t+4 ,! ma/] pr9t] is 9 ! act ( impress+ a section ( ! patt]n on ! :ite clo? by means ( ! wood-block1 :i* he is hamm]+ ) a wood5 mallet4 ,! text 79 script ( ! p]iod7 reads1 8,jacob ,/amps liv+ at ye sighn ( ! ,callicoes ,l9e+s ,silkes ,/uffs ,new or ,ould at ,reasonable ,rates40 ,?is old mode ( block-pr9t+ obta9$ = fully two hundr$ ye>s until ! inv5tive g5ius ( ! n9ete5? c5tury jo9$ h&s ) comm]ce1 to ! craft's almo/ complete disc\ragem5t4 ,h[ev]1 a revival ( int]e/ 9 ! old arts 0 inspir$ by su* en?usia/s z ,william ,morris4 ,! h&-pr9t$ fabrics h be5 re/or$ to favor1 & to-day !y aga9 play an important "p 9 ! decoration ( ! mod]n home4 ,ri*mond1 ,b[1 & ,old ,=d1 ,london1 became ! e>lie/ c5t]s = pr9t$ *9tzes 9 ,engl&4 ,! few extant specim5s ( sev5te5?-c5tury *9tz %[ u t ! e>ly pr9t$ cottons 7 crude en\gh4 ,at fir/ m ?an "o color 0 n attempt$4 ,! next /ep appe>s to h be5 to add to ! mono*rome effect by apply+ wa%es ( dye1 ei!r freeh& or /5cil application1 to ! outl9e patt]n4 ,?is 0 done by bru%+ ! color on z requir$1 a process sl[1 labori\s1 & fraught ) unc]ta9ties4 ,an exam9ation ( ^! e>ly pieces1 treasures ?\gh !y are f an antiqu>ian po9t ( view1 reveals a smudgy appe>ance result+ f ! ?ickness ( ! dye-inks ) :i* ! patt]ns 7 pr9t$4 ,! e>ly mat]ials 7 v co>se canvas-l clo?s4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! clo? = receiv+ ! pr9t$ patt]ns 0 mu* improv$1 & x 0 n long be=e f9ely wov5 textures supplant$ ! crud] ones4 ,?is greatly facilitat$ ! developm5t ( textile color-pr9ts1 & ! ,que5 ,anne *9tzes 7 9 consequ5ce inf9itely sup]ior to ^? ( ! ,*>les ,,ii1 ,james ,,ii1 or ,william & ,m>y reigns4 ,s popul> did ^! improv$ patt]n$ fabrics become t ! *9tz indu/ry n only rival$ t ( ! silk-weav]s b = a "t ?reat5$ to drive ! latt] out ( bus9ess4 ,inde$1 s bitt] became ! feel+ on ! subject1 betwe5 ! two crafts1 t riots result$ & an appeal 0 made to ,p>liam5t1 by ! silk-manufactur]s ( ,spitalfields1 = protection4 ,hi/ory records t ! silk-work]s 7 s enrag$ because ,we/m9/] did n imm$iately =bid ! we>+ ( *9tz t ! delegation :i* _h c>ri$ ! petition to ,london1 gave v5t to its wra? by te>+ (f all *9tz g[ns ^: we>]s 7 enc\nt]$ on ! homew>d j\rney4 ,f9ally1 9 #agcf1 ,p>liam5t pass$ an act prohibit+ pr9t$ cottons & l95s1 an act :i* 0 soon repeal$ & foll[$ by an increas$ vogue 9 *9tz4 ,9 ,france z well x 0 at "o "t consid]$ exp$i5t to =bid ! manufacture ( pr9t$ textiles2 ! re/riction ext5d$ until #agei4 ,au?orities seem to be agre$ 9 consid]+ ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury z ! gold5 age ( old-"t pr9t$ *9tzes4 ,collectors eag]ly seek specim5s ( ?is p]iod1 ?\gh !y are all too r>e to enc\rage hope 9 ?is direction except = occasional f9ds4 ,x 0 dur+ ! ye>s ar\nd #agfj t multicolor$ patt]ns 7 s beautifully & satisfactorily wr\ght ) sup]impos$ woodblock impressions4 ,*ipp5dale furniture ( ! "t naturally l$ to ! popul>ity ( ,*9ese motifs 9 design1 & lovely inde$ ^! 74 ,! int]tw9+ fl[] sprays t m>k$ ! pr9t$ fabrics ( ,que5 ,anne's day n[ gave way to motifs 9 sep>at$ positions4 ,! famille v]te1 famille rose1 & famille noire porcela9s ( ,*9a furni%$ _m a motif = ! *9tz design]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,*ipp5dale p]iod buff gr\nds 7 introduc$1 :]eas 9 ! e>li] *9tzes ! gr\nds _h be5 :ite or unt9t$4 ,! ?ird qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury witness$ an innovation 9 ! manufacture ( pr9t$ fabrics4 ,v>i\s me*anical devices 7 p]fect$ & l$ to an enorm\s increase 9 *9tz manufacture4 ,cotton-pr9t+ 0 tak5 up 9 ! nor!rn c\nties & soon ! trade c5t] %ift$ !nce f ,london1 its old cradle-t[n4 ,engrav$ copp]plates & roll]-pr9t+ came into use4 ,/ill1 z has already be5 said1 h&-pr9t+ 0 de/9$ to survive4 ,! collector ( ^! v>i\s pr9t$ cottons w f9d ! hi/orical gr\p especially int]e/+4 ,take = in/ance1 ! 8,apo!osis ( ,wa%+ton0 or ! 8,allegory ( ,wa%+ton & ,frankl90 subjects4 ,9 bo?1 ! figures ( ,wa%+ton 7 tak5 f ! fam\s ,trumbull portrait4 ,9 ! 8,apo!osis0 *9tz ! m$allions conta9+ portraits ( ?irte5 fam\s p]sonages ( e>ly ,am]ican hi/ory are aft] engrav+s by ,du ,simitire4 8,william ,p5n's ,treaty ) ! ,indians0 =ms ! subject ( ano!r patt]n$ *9tz ( especial int]e/ to ,am]ican collectors4 ,!n !re are ! lat] political subjects :i* ! n9ete5? c5tury's e>ly hi/ory inspir$4 ,! pr9t$ k]*iefs also came )9 ! prov9ce ( ! collector ( pr9t$ cottons4 ,_m ( ^! k]*iefs are especially well adapt$ = fram+4 ,su* z ! 8,"l ,?omas & ,fair ,eleanor0 k]*ief & ! "o be>+ ! title ( 8,! ,tok5 or ,sailor's ,pl$ge ( ,love40 ,"s ( ^! old k]*iefs & also _m examples ( pr9t$ *9tzes ( hi/oric int]e/ h f\nd _! way into ,am]ican public collections4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pewt] ,!re are _m p]sons--"s ( !m collectors ( o!r antiques & curios--:o ask :at ! fasc9ation ( old pewt] c be1 frankly decl>+ t to !m x has no attraction4 ,p]haps to "s ! m5tion ( pewt] sugge/s batt]$ up1 d+y1 lead5-hu$ objects ( metal1 m suitable = bullets ?an suit$ to buffets4 ,aga91 !re are ^? :o1 unacqua9t$ ) pewt] lore1 d n guess ! weal? ( hi/orical int]e/ t inve/s ! subject4 ,relics ( any age t are s damag$ z no long] to comm& respectful att5tion h no real excuse = p]petuation unless "s highly important hi/oric association atta*es to !m1 = surely m]e age or antiquity is n a raison d'tre ) ! s5sible4 ,pewt] 9 a /ate ( dilapidation is no exception to ! rule gov]n+ ! =m+ ( any collection ( quality1 & no matt] :at its antec$5ts1 x %\ld pres5t good =m to be wor?y a place 9 ! wor?-:ile collection1 if x is to be reg>d$ ) o!r ?an ! s5tim5t be/[$ ^u a *ipp+ f ! ,great ,pyramid or a bottle ( du/ f ,pompeii4 ,b truly f9e pewt] has attributes to ju/ify its collect+4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 its decorative quality comm5ds x to notice4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 "o mu/ rememb] t an e/hetic ta/e w recognize ?is1 :]e "o to :i* ! arti/ic does n appeal w ov]look x4 ,secondly1 ! /ory ( old pewt]1 z record$ by ,wel* ,mass & o!r au?orities on ! subject1 au?orities to :om ! collector-/ud5t is b\nd to be indebt$ = mu* in=mation1 is "o t l5ds ent]ta9m5t to ! pursuit ( ! hobby4 ,a few ye>s ago a rage = old pewt] swept ov] ,engl& & ,am]ica1 foll[+ a notable exhibition--! fir/ ( its sort--held at ,clif=d's ,inn1 ,london4 ,?is 0 9 #aijd4 ,to be tru?ful "o mu/ record ! 8slump0 t foll[$ a few ye>s lat]4 ,b ! true collector :o _h tak5 up ) pewt] rema9$ loyal & en?usia/ic1 & ) ! appe>ance ( a numb] ( exhau/ive & au?oritative works on ! hi/ory ( pewt] 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,great ,brita91 !re has be5 a revival ( int]e/ 9 ! subject :i* is b\nd to be p]man5t4 ,engli% pewt] 0 mu* simpl] ?an ! pewt] made 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,?is latt] (t5 atta9$ to an ornat5ess f :i*1 =tunately1 ! pewt] ( ,engl& ( ! be/ p]iod is free4 ,! manufacture ( pewt] 9 ,engl& 0 gov]n$ by ! /rict rules ( ! ,pewt]]s' ,company1 :i*1 z e>ly z #aejc1 made x compulsory = ! pewt]]s ( ,engl& to m>k _! w>es1 j z ! ,fr5* pewt]]s ( ,limoges _h be5 compell$ to d a c5tury e>li]4 ,"s ( ! e>ly ,engli% pewt] 0 m>k$ ) ! h]aldic ,tudor rose ) cr[n above1 al?\gh ! rose-&-cr[n is to be f\nd on ,scotti% & on "s ,flemi% pieces also4 ,z = ! individual m>ks ( ! pewt]]s1 ^! m>ks 7 call$ t\*es4 ,ea* pewt]] 0 compell$ to h 8 sep>ate t\*1 :i* 0 record$ at ! ,pewt]]s' ,company halls by impressions /ruck on %eets ( lead4 ,ne>ly all ! plates ( t\*es 9 ,london s =m$ prior to #afff 7 de/roy$ 9 ! ,great ,fire1 :i* also consum$ ne>ly all ! records1 al?\gh "s ( ! audit books ( ! company1 dat+ f #adae1 7 sav$4 ,h[ev]1 on ! lead plates t h surviv$ we f9d "s elev5 hundr$ pewt]]s' t\*es impress$4 ,! e>li] t\*es 7 some:at small] ?an ^? ( lat] date2 "s ( !m1 9 fact 7 t9y4 ,! m>k ,x on old ,engli% pewt] 0 p]mitt$ on metal ( extra quality1 z "o may le>n f "o ( ! company's rules ( #afig1 :i* gives notice t 8none may /rike ! lett] ,x except ^u extraord9>y w>e1 commonly call$ h>d metal w>e40 ,! v>i\s in/ances ( misde$s on ! "p ( pewt]]s :o tri$ to evade ! regulations kept ! company busy = sev]al c5turies4 ,! v la/ regulation ( ! ,pewt]]s' ,company conc]n+ t\*es directs t 8all w>es capable ( a l>ge t\* %all be t\*$ ) a l>ge t\* ) ! ,*ri/ian "n & surname ei!r ( ! mak] or ( ! v5dor1 at full l5g? 9 pla9 ,roman lett]s2 & ! w>es %all be t\*$ ) ! small t\*40 ,a p5alty ( "o p5ny p] p\nd 0 exact$ f ^? pewt]]s :o neglect$ to obs]ve ?is rule4 ,:ile all ! facts conc]n+ ! m>k+ ( old pewt] %\ld be dilig5tly /udi$ by ! collector1 z he ga!rs !m f ?is s\rce & f t1 & w prove ( great help1 be ( int]e/1 & l5d ze/ to collect+1 "o mu/ n =get t mu* imitation old pewt] has be5 fabricat$ ) int5t to defraud4 ,h[ev]1 su* 8fakes0 7_m ( !m are v attractive67 usually unblu%+ly be> ^u !m ! e>-m>ks ( _! spuri\s nature1 & ! collector soon comes to h comm& ( ! k necess>y to detect su* reproductions4 ,! mat]ial ( old pewt] is v>i\sly comp\nd$4 ,old f9e pewt] consi/$ ( #aab p\nds ( t9 to #bf p\nds ( copp]1 or--9 place ( ! coop]--( brass4 ,aga91 a f9e1 h>d resonant metal 0 made ( #ajj p>ts ( t9 to #ag ( antimony4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! f9e pewt] 0 common pewt]--or 8trifle0 pewt]1 z x 0 call$4 ,?is 0 made ( #hc p>ts ( t9 to #ag p>ts ( antimony1 or1 ) slight v>iations1 ( #hb p>ts ( t9 to #ah p>ts ( antimony4 ,^! v>i\s alloys are susceptible ( a high poli% & ( reta9+ x well 9 ord9>y circum/ances "s "t4 ,?is pewt]1 too1 has a good measure ( h>dness & possesses durability4 ,britannia metal mu/ n be confus$1 z (t5 x is1 ) ! real pewt]4 ,x 0 a late eighte5?-c5tury inv5tion ( t91 antimony1 copp]1 & z9c1 :i* l5t itself to fa%ion+ on ! la! 7a process call$ 8sp9n+071 hav+ 9 ?is respect a decid$ advantage ov] ! less easily work$ pewt]4 ,naturally x did n take long = ! new ,britannia metal to sup]s$e pewt] :5 x 0 discov]$ t ,britannia metal c\ld be electroplat$4 ,h[ev]1 ! g5]al use to :i* pott]y & porcela91 t9w>e & enamel atta9$ _h come to h mu*1 too1 to d ) bani%+ pewt] f g5]al use1 ?\gh x rema9$ long] 9 favor 9 ,scotl& ?an 9 ,engl&4 8,a :ole g>ni% ( peutre10 su* z a lady ( #adhg bequea!d to "o ( h] heirs1 no long] came to be deem$ fa%ionable4 ,! ma/] pewt]]s suff]$ &1 z "t w5t on1 f\nd !mselves =c$ out ( _! trade4 ,) ! wan+ ( ! popul>ity ( pewt]1 va/ quantities ( x 7 melt$ up = sold] & = o!r purposes1 :i* acc\nts = ! sc>city ( really f9e old pieces4 ,inde$1 su* articles z pewt] spoons are exceptionally r>e2 n1 z "s suppose1 because !y 7 s small1 b because !y 7 especially s]viceable to ! travel+ t9k]s1 :o c\ld conv]t !m into sold]4 ,! ,engli% pewt] spoon 0 seldom a small affair1 if x ev] desc5d$ 9 scale to ! size ( a dess]t spoon4 ,9 pass+ x is well to call ! collector's att5tion to ! fact t pewt] spoons are imitat$ & (t5 plac$ be=e buy]s z antiques4 ,"o ne$s especially to famili>ize himself ) ! %apes ( ! b[ls & ( ! h&les ( ! ,engli% ones1 & ) o!r m9uti1 9 ord] to det]m9e intellig5tly ! au!nticity ( a piece ( pewt] ( ?is sort4 ,o!r objects are mu* m common1 & t5 g5u9e ,engli% pewt] spoons w\ld =m a goodly collection1 consid]+ _! exceptional r>ity4 ,! ,london pewt]]s gu>d$ _! trade secrets jeal\sly4 ,!y p]mitt$ no outsid]s to loit] & wat* !m at "w4 ,z ! v>i\s molds = pewt] objects 7 made at great exp5se1 x 0 ! cu/om = ! guilds ( ! ,pewt]]s' ,company to own ^! & to let !m out4 ,?is acc\nts = ! v>i\s /&>d %apes ( articles1 made by q diff]5t pewt]]s4 ,li/s ( su* molds1 dat+ z f> back z #adbe1 h surviv$ ! vicissitudes ( "t & ?r[ mu* int]e/+ light on ! subject4 ,let ! pewt]-collector rememb] t pewt] objects appe> to h come into vogue z a sub/itute = silv]1 & t pieces ( old pewt] usually foll[ 9 =m ! %apes ( ! contempor>y silv] objects ( l use4 ,inde$1 a /udy ( old ,engli% silv] w prove ( great help to ! pewt]-collector 9 solv+ problems ( *ronology4 ,"o may n attempt to collect a :ole g>ni% ( pewt] ( a s+le p]iod--a complete g>ni% consi/+ ( twelve platt]s1 twelve di%es1 & twelve sauc]s--b x is q possible1 )\t an appall+ outlay4 ,on ! o!r h&1 unless x is a 8f9d10 "o may h to pay =ty or fifty doll>s = a f9e & au!ntic e>ly ,engli% pewt] spoon4 ,:atev] "o collects 9 ! way ( old pewt] ( any p]iod & ( any c\ntry1 x %\ld be display$ by itself & n mix$ ) silv]1 glass1 & o!r objects4 ,z to :at deal]s sometimes call 8silv] pewt]10 let n ! unw>y collector suppose t x is m ?an pewt] ( a f9e quality 7if ! object proves to be t674 ,silv] _c ent] into ! composition ( true pewt]1 z x takes #iej ,c4 to melt x1 :ile ! t91 melt+ at #bcj ,c41 w\ld volatilize too greatly to comb9e ) ! preci\s metal be=e ! silv] ev5 rea*$ ! melt+-po9t4 ,p]haps because ! f9e/ pewt] takes a silv]-l poli% x 0 orig9ally call$ 8silv] pewt]10 )\t int5t to mislead4 ,ano!r po9t wor? rememb]+ is t1 al?\gh all sorts ( objects h be5 fa%ion$ ( pewt]--ev5 a copy ( ! ,portl& ,vase has be5 fa%ion$ 9 ?is metal--! collector w f9d v few old ,engli% pewt] tea-pots4 ,fully eighty-five p] c5t4 ( ! tea-pots pass+ z pewt] are1 ,i %\ld say1 ei!r ,britannia or ,a%b]ry metal4 ,v e>ly ecclesia/ical pieces ( ,engli% make are r>e1 too4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,we/m9/] =bade ! fa%ion+ ( *ur* vessels ( pewt]1 z x 0 ?\ght n suffici5tly preci\s to be d$icat$ to su* use4 ,b 9 poor] communities exceptions mu/ h be5 made1 z we "k ( its use 9 *ur*es 9 #aaid4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,nmes 7#abeb7 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,albi 7#abed7 9 ,france _h lat] to take up a l matt]1 !n p]mitt+ pewt] 9 ! manufacture ( objects = *ur* use "u c]ta9 re/rictions4 ,n only 9 e>ly times 7by ! ye> #abij ,edw>d ,i _h accumulat$ ?ree hundr$ pieces ( pewt] ( f9e quality7 b z late at #ahbj1 :5 ,george ,,iv _h pewt] plac$ ^u ! table at ! coronation fea/1 pewt] has enjoy$ ! protection ( royalty1 :i* fact adds n a little to its hi/oric int]e/4 ,b let ! collector bew>e ( c]ta9 pewt] plates ) arms1 portraits1 etc41 /amp$ 9 high relief1 :i* are n[ & !n to be met )1 m>k$ ) a cr[n$ rose & ,n4 ,d4 9 ! upp] "p ( ! cr[n1 z well z a pellet 9 ! c5t] ( ea* petal 7except 9 ! c5t] ( ! upp] "o1 :]e !re is a six-po9t$ mullet74 ,& let him bew>e ( ! m>k$ pieces di/+ui%$ by a ,/4 ,george or by a ,/4 ,mi*ael & a dragon 9 a bead$ circle & ! lett]s ,a4 ,i4 ,c41 z ^! are n old pieces b appe> to h be5 fabricat$ z 8ornam5tal0 antiques4 ,( c\rse !re are _m o!r tricks resort$ to by ! unscrupul\s1 b ! real collector1 g5]ally speak+1 happily possesses t in/9ct :i* enables him to le>n 8 lessons quickly & inexp5sively2 & !re are pl5ty ( reputable antique %ops :]e9 g5u9e ?+s are to be f\nd4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! writ] has f\nd t ev5 :]e c]ta9 deal]s h (f]$ spuri\s objects z g5u9e1 !y h done s ?r\gh ignorance r ?an ?r\gh cupidity4 ,a deal] w usually be only too glad to h a collector :o kn[s po9t to him mi/akes 9 attribution4 ,mo/ ( ! small %ops are run by m5 :o h little "t = /udy1 & :o are f> m likely to be impos$ ^u !mselves ?an to attempt to impose ^u _! cu/om]s4 ,aft] all1 ! deal] c\ld n live )\t cu/om]s1 & ! only safe way to hold any cu/om] is to treat him hone/ly4 ,e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury ! la! began to be develop$1 s any specim5s ( pewt] disclos+ la! m>ks w\ld sugge/ a date subsequ5t to t p]iod4 ,! pewt] =m$ by ! 8sp9n+0 process is ! mo/ mod]n ( all4 ,! pewt] collector %\ld be c>eful h[ he poli%es 8 pewt]1 z ?is w>e %\ld nev] be subject$ to rubb+ ) brick-du/ & l vigor\s usage4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,*9ese ,pewt] ,j> ) ,bronze ,cov]4 ,e>ly #ah? ,c5tury ,a ,swiss ,pewt] ,w9e-,flask1 ,zuri*1 ,dat$ #agff ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican #ah? ,c5tury ,sampl] ,illu/ration3 ,a ,dat$ ,engli% or ,wel% ,sampl]1 #aghg ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,sampl]s ,be=e ! age ( ma*9e-made ?+s1 & ( attire mu* m conv5tional ?an 9 _m ( ! e>li] p]iods1 !re 01 ( c\rse1 great ne$ ( skill$ ne$lewom51 n only pr(essionally b at home z well1 = x 0 9 ! home t mo/ ( ! 8f9]y0 ( our =efa!rs orig9at$4 ,/ubbes's 8,anatomy ( ,abuses10 :i* appe>$ 9 #aehc1 tells ( ! raim5t ( ! m5 ( ! au?or's "t :o 7 8deck$ out 9 ! f9]ies ev5 to _! %irts1 :i* are wr\ght ) ne$lework ( silks10 etc4 ,! good ,/ubbes also compla9s t x 0 difficult to tell :o 7 g5tlefolk1 because all m5 ( t "t affect$ silks1 velvets1 8taffeties10 & ! l1 reg>dless ( /ation4 ,?us we may see h[ important x 0 t ! little misses ( ! days ( long ago %\ld be taught /it*]y at ! e>ly age ( n9e or t5 ye>s4 ,sampl]s are among ! mo/ intimate ( collectable old ?+s4 444,bookless & pictureless ,save ! inevitable sampl] hung ,ov] ! fireplace4 ,h[ pati5tly ! little f+]s toil$ ov] ^! records ( _! wond]ful 7ev5 if en=c$7 application6 ,truly1 sampl]s are ! ne$le-craft prim]s ( ye/]day4 ,we h only to recall an old ,engli% play1 8,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le10 probably ! v fir/ ( ! e>li] ,engli% folk com$ies1 to und]/& ! great importance atta*$ to ! ne$le4 ,?is play1 writt5 ab\t #aefj 7& attribut$ to ,john ,/ill1 ,bi%op ( ,wells1 & =m]ly ,ma/] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 :]e x 0 fir/ produc$7 %[s h[1 dur+ ! p]iod ( its conception1 a /eel ne$le 0 treasur$ z few family treasures ( to-day1 & s :5 ,gamm] ,gurton lo/ h]s--! only "o %e possess$--! mis=tune took on ! importance ( g5u9e calamity4 ,z collectors ( sampl]s & writ]s on ! subject ( sampl]s h be5 baffl$ 9 try+ to discov] :y no sampl]s dat$ or positively kn[n to h be5 work$ be=e ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury are extant1 ?is clue to ! probable reason :i* we f9d 9 8,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le0 is ( int]e/2 ! fact is t z ne$les 7 s uncommon & su* treasur$ possessions !y 7 n to be entru/$ to t9y f+]s4 ,lat]1 :5 inv5tion turn$ its att5tion to ne$le-mak+1 ne$les became common en\gh4 ,i imag9e _m a little girl ( ! eighte5? c5tury wi%$ t ne$les _h nev] be5 8born06 ,v f9e sampl]s conta9+ bo? names & dates prior to #ahjj are n to be f\nd at e turn4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ! sampl]-collector ne$ anticipate no disc\rag+ difficulty 9 gett+ toge!r examples = a fairly repres5tative collection4 ,x is only 9 comp>atively rec5t ye>s t we h discov]$ ! value ( old sampl]s z excell5t decorative accessories on ! walls ( a room 9 :i* old pieces ( furniture are plac$4 ,sampl]s may be m\nt$ & fram$ = hang+ on a wall z a picture might be1 & ,i "k ( few objects 9 ! l9e ( antiques t seem s appropriate = use 9 ?is mann] = adorn+ ! walls ( a b$*amb]4 ,:ile x is n always an easy matt] to assign undat$ sampl]s to _! exact p]iods1 approximate dates may )\t great tr\ble be det]m9$4 ,naturally1 ! e>lie/ examples 7 m utilit>ian ?an ornam5tal 9 conception1 m l a m]e example ( /it*]y ( v>i\s sorts--a leaf f ! scrap-book ( ne$lework1 z x 74 ,lat]1 patt]n & design & pictorial composition 7 evolv$4 ,likewise1 ! e>li] sampl]s seem to h be5 long] & n>r[] 9 proportion ?an lat] ones4 ,?reads ( gold & silv] are to be f\nd 9 ne$le-"w ( ! ,elizabe?an & ! ,jacobean p]iod1 :]e we %\ld n look = !m 9 ! ,georgian4 ,aga91 !re are *>act]i/ics ( patt]n t cle>ly d5ote ! embroid]]'s "t4 ,! design ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet embroid]$ on a sampl] also =ms a clue1 inasmu* z x %>es 9 common ) contempor>y dat$1 pr9t$1 & engrav$ lett]+ ! m di/9ctive p]iod *>act]i/ics ( ! latt]4 ,! e>lie/ date ( an alphabet sampl] is1 ,i believe1 #afdc2 ( a sampl] ) a motto1 #afea2 ( a sampl] hav+ a bord]1 #agbf2 ( a repres5tation ( a h\se1 #agfc2 ( num]als1 #afee2 ( a v]se1 #afif2 #agbh has be5 sugge/$ z ! approximate date ( ! introduction ( mu/>d-color$ canvases on :i* ! sampl]s 7 work$4 8,sad sew]s made bad sampl]s10 said ,"l de ,tabley 9 8,! ,soldi] ( ,=tune10 b ! wond] is t ! little f+]s ( ye/]day %\ld h acquir$ skill n only 9 "o sort ( embroid]y b 9 ! v>i$ /it*es (t5 se5 9 a s+le sampl] rem>kable = its p]fect & exquisite h&iwork4 ,"o is almo/ agha/1 = in/ance1 at ! task sugge/$ by ,john ,taylor's 8,! ,ne$les ,excell5cy10 :]e "o reads3 ,t5t-worke1 ,rais$-worke1 ,laid-worke1 ,fro/-worke1 ,net-worke1 ,mo/ curi\s purles or r>e ,italian ,cut-worke1 ,f9e ,f]ne-/it*1 ,f9ny-/it*1 ,hew-/it* & ,*9a-/it*1 ,brave ,br$-/it*1 ,fi%]-/it*1 ,iri%-/it* & ,que5-/it*1 ,! ,spani%-/it*1 ,rosem>y-/it* & ,morose-/it*1 ,! ,sm>t+ ,:ip-/it*1 ,back-/it* & ! ,cross-/it*4 ,all ^! are good & ^! we mu/ all[1 ,& ^! are ev]y:]e 9 practice n[4 ,) ! inf9itude ( /it*es x is n necess>y "h to be conc]n$1 al?\gh ! en?usia/ 9 sampl]-collect+ w f9d ! /udy ( /it*es helpful j z ! exp]t w f9d x highly necess>y4 ,z !re is mu* confusion 9 ! nom5clature1 !re w be _m /umbl+-blocks1 b ! pursuit w be wor? :ile4 ,! e>lie/ sev5te5?-c5tury sampl]s ( lace-l appe>ance 7 work$ 9 cut-&-drawn embroid]y1 ) v>i\s additional lace /it*es4 ,!n !re 0 ! eyelet-/it*1 damask-/it*1 ! back/it* 7^! ?ree 7 us$ = alphabets71 d>n+-/it*es1 t5t-/it*es1 & tape/ry-/it* 7unusual7 & s on4 ,! f\ndation ( e>ly sampl]s 0 ! h&-wov5 l951 ei!r unblea*$ or blea*$4 ,sometimes ?is 0 almo/ z co>se z canvas & aga9 ( closely wov5 texture4 ,l95 ?read or silk 7some:at loosely twi/$7 0 employ$ = ! /it*]y4 ,! h>% yell[ l95 ( e>ly eighte5?-c5tury sampl]s came into vogue t[>d ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! c5tury1 b 0 soon disc>d$4 ,un=tunately1 tann]y clo? 0 mu* 9 vogue at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,?is unattractive mat]ial seem$ especially devis$ to satiate ! appetites ( mo?s6 ,mo/ ( ! tann]y-clo? sampl]s are work$ 9 silk4 ,! musl9-l tiffany clo? 0 occasionally us$ be=e #ahjj = small & f9e sampl]s4 ,lat] ! co>se l95s came into fa%ion4 ,! crudely dy$ ?reads m>k$ ! decl9e ( ! sampl] f ab\t #ahjj4 ,!n cotton canvas & ,b]l9 wool complet$ ! fall ( ?is "o ( ! g5tle/ arts4 ,! e>ly ,am]ican sampl]s _h1 ( c\rse1 _! ance/ry & inspiration 9 ,engli% sampl]s1 ) :i* ,i ?9k !y vie 9 int]e/ & attractiv5ess4 ,surely !re c\ld be no m delightful wall decoration = a colonial h\se ?an "o ( ! e>ly ,am]ican sampl]s6 ,^! are less commonly f\nd ?an ,engli% sampl]s & ,am]ican collectors naturally give !m pref]5ce4 ,t ! little misses ( old5 times manag$ at s t5d] an age to produce su* h&iwork seems almo/ amaz+4 ,little girls ( five & six ye>s a*iev$ m>vels 9 sampl] /it*]y z extant examples abundantly proves4 ,poetry & sampl]s seem to h be5 good fri5ds4 ,9 ! second sc5e ( ! ?ird act ( 8,midsumm] ,night's ,dream10 & 9 ! f\r? sc5e ( ! second act ( 8,titus ,&ronicus10 ,%aksp]e alludes to sampl]s4 ,s does ,milton 9 8,comus10 & ,sir ,philip ,sidney 9 8,arcadia40 ,if ^? ble/ b>ds c\ld b scan ! v]se ( "s ( ! sampl]-mak]s6 ,"h is "o :i*1 9 its way1 is a gem typical ( task & tal5t3 ,s>ah ,bonney is ,my ,"n1 ,engl& is ,my ,nation2 ,see ,h[ ,good ,my ,p>5ts is to ,give ,me ,education ,!re is rhym+ = y6 ,& may we n imag9e t b5ea? ^? s5tim5ts lurk$ a f9e humor8 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,wax ,,portraits ,/range x seems t s _m fragile objects h come d[n to u f antiquity :ile cities ( /one1 /atues ( m>ble1 & monum5ts ( bronze too (t5 h appe>$ lo/ =ev]4 ,on behold+ a p]fect glass vase ^: hi/ory dates back to ,phnician times1 b :i* has surviv$ c5turies ( vicissitudes1 "o _c b reflect ^u ! extraord9>y =tune ( ?+s app>5tly s p]i%able4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ,london1 ! museum ( ! ,art ,dep>tm5t ( ,c>negie ,in/itute1 ,pittsburgh1 & else:]e "o may f9d little wax models t h come d[n ?r\gh hundr$s ( ye>s1 & "o wond]s t ,"t has l5t s k9d a h& to ?+s :i* 7 con/ruct$ ( mat]ials t we h reg>d$ z be+ s p]i%able4 ,wax portraiture is "o ( ! arts ( ! pa/ s little kn[n to _m collectors t examples ( x are n (t5 met ) 9 ,am]ican collections4 ,anci5t writ]s h giv5 u a h9t ( ! antiquity ( wax portraiture1 n only 9 r\nd sculpture1 b 9 relief4 ,moreov]1 we "k t ! ,greek arti/s 9 ,egypt 7 adepts 9 pa9t+ portraits by means ( p[d]$ colors appli$ ) ru% bru%es to slabs ( c$>-wood cov]$ ) wax1 into :i* coat+ ! color c\ld easily be work$ :5 ! sun's rays 7 p]mitt$ to s(t5 ! wax4 ,_m ( ^! anci5t wax panels are extant1 & !y appe> v mu* l pa9t+s 9 oil colors ^u wood4 ,we "k t ,lysi/ratus1 :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 execut$ small bu/s 9 color$ wax1 & ?is is ! e>lie/ use ( ! m$ium 9 color m5tion$ by hi/ory4 ,works ( ?is sort 7 =]unn]s ( ! lat] color$ wax portraits ( ! sev5te5? & ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ) ! old cu/om1 :i* ,pl9y m5tions1 ( hav+ ance/ral portraits 9 ! h\seholds ( ! ,romans z connect+ l9ks 9 ! progress ( ! art4 ,moreov]1 ! ,romans 7 wont to c>ry 9 fun]al procession wax5 portraits ( ! dep>t$1 z a curi\s cu/om cl++ to civilization z late z ! sev5? c5tury 9 ,engl&4 ,inde$1 a visitor to ,we/m9/] ,abbey may see ! old wax =m ( ,que5 ,elizabe? gorge\sly attir$1 :i* 0 c>ri$ 9 ! cortge at h] burial6 ,m *e]ful1 on ! o!r h&1 are ! rem>kable wax portraits 9 relief--"s :ite or mono*rome & o!rs color$--:i* 7 model$ 78pa9t$0 w\ld p]haps be a bett] ^w7 by ! e>ly arti/s ( ! c9quec5to--,leone ,leoni1 ,antonio ,abondio 9 ,italy1 lat] by ,guillaume ,dupr & ,anto9e ,b5oit 9 ,france1 & !n by ,isaac ,gosset1 ,eley1 ,george ,m\nt/eph51 ,joa*im ,smi?1 ,s4 ,p]cy1 & ,pet] ,ru[ & o!rs 9 ,engl&4 ,h[ ! anci5ts prep>$ _! mat]ials = work+ 9 wax is n record$1 b probably !y anticipat$ all ( ! processes employ$ by ! m$ieval arti/ 9 su* portraiture1 p[d]+ ! color1 mix+ 9 oil1 & add+ x to pure wax 9 ! /ate ( fusion4 ,to ,pa/or9o ( ,si5a has be5 accr$it$ ! honor ( hav+ inv5t$ ! p>ticul> wax pa/e us$ by himself & 8 successors 9 repres5t+ ! hair & ! sk94 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! art ( wax portraiture 0 practis$ 9 ,nuremb]g & rea*$ a high /ate ( developm5t "u ,casp] ,h>dy1 preb5d>y ( ! ,cologne ca!dral4 ,among ! mo/ int]e/+ wax portraits by ,fr5* arti/s are ^? f ! h& ( ,franois ,cl\et1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :i* are among ! treasures ( ! ,cluny ,museum1 ,p>is4 ,"u ,l\is ,,xiv wax portraiture atta9$ s important a place 9 ,france t we f9d ,anto9e ,b5oit giv5 ! royal appo9tm5t ( 8,unique sculpteur en cire colore40 ,no mat]ial is m responsive to ! arti/'s t\* ?an wax1 immortaliz+ z x does 8 individual h&l+ 9 a mann] peculi>ly its own4 ,p]haps no ,engli% portraiti/ has giv5 evid5ce ( great] ability ?an did ,s4 ,p]cy1 ^: wax portraits1 z well z ^? by ,pet] ,ru[1 are priz$ by collectors4 ,arti/s 9 wax portraiture 7 n unkn[n 9 ,am]ica dur+ colonial times4 ,among ! names ( e>ly wax-portrait arti/s 9 ,am]ica t ( ,pati5ce ,wright /&s =? prom95tly4 ,%e 0 born 9 #agbe1 ! daught] ( ,mr4 ,l[ell1 a ,quak] ( ,bord5t[n1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,:5 tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age %e m>ri$ ,joseph ,wright1 & "s ye>s lat] 0 left a wid[ ) ?ree *ildr54 ,9 #aggb %e w5t to ,engl&4 ,already %e _h become not$ = h] excell5t "w 9 portraiture4 ,a bu/ ( ,?omas ,p5n 0 "o ( h] e>lie/ works ( ! ,london p]iod & ! wax-portrait ( ,wa%+ton f h] h&1 model$ aft] an orig9al f life by h] son1 ,joseph ,wright1 is n[ 9 ! possession ( ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,h4 ,h>te ( ,philadelphia4 ,?is is ! "w :i* %e m5tions 9 a lett] to ,wa%+ton pres]v$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress3 ,y may h my mo/ grateful ?anks = y\r k9d att5tion to my son 9 tak+ him into y\r ,family to enc\rage 8 g5ii & giv+ him ! pleas+ opp\rtunity ( tak+ a ,lik5ess t has ,i s9c]ely hope gave 8 c\ntry & y\r fri5ds1 ,sir1 satisfaction4 ,i am impati5t to h a copy ( :at he has done t ,i may h ! hon\r ( mak+ a model f x 9 wax "w1 z x has be5 = "s "t ! wi% & desire ( my he>t to model a lik5ess ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton4 ,to ?is ,wa%+ton repli$3 ,if ! bu/ :i* y\r son has modell$ ( me %\ld rea* y\r h&s & af=d y\r g5ii any employm5t t c amuse ,mrs4 ,wright x mu/ be an hon\r done me4 ,wax portraiture almo/ di$ out 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 b x is ( int]e/ to note its rec5t revival by ,e!l ,frances ,mundy & o!r skilful arti/s4 ,good old ,giorgio ,vas>i1 ! gossipy *ronicl] ( ! ,old ,ma/]s to :om we owe ne>ly all ( our k ( ! lives ( ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s1 wrote an int]e/+ treatise on ! te*nique ( art f :i* ! foll[+ is quot$1 z be+ ( fur!r int]e/ to ! collector ( wax portraits3 ,9 ord] to %[ h[ wax is model$ let u fir/ speak ( ! work+ ( wax & n ( clay4 ,to r5d] x s(t] a little animal fat & turp5t9e & black pit* are put into ! wax1 & ( ^! +r$i5ts x is ! fat t makes x m supple1 ! turp5t9e adds t5acity1 & ! pit* gives x ! black color & consi/5cy1 s t aft] x has be5 work$ & left to /& x w become h>d4 ,?is 0 ! wax probably us$ = ! backgr\nds4 ,vas>i cont9ues3 ,& he :o w\ld wi% to make wax ( ano!r color may easily d s by putt+ into x r$ e>? or v]milion or r$ lead2 he w ?us make x yell[i% r$ or "s %ade2 if he add v]digris1 gre51 & s on ) ! o!r colors4 ,b well x is to obs]ve t ! colors %\ld be p[d]$ & sift$1 & 9 ?is condition mix$ ) ! wax aft]w>d & made z s(t z possible4 ,! wax is also made :ite = small ?+s--m$als1 portraits1 m9ute sc5es1 & o!r objects 9 bas-relief4 ,all ?is is accompli%$ by mix+ :ite lead t has already be5 p[d]$ ) ! :ite wax z already expla9$4 ,i mu/ n neglect to m5tion t mod]n arti/s h discov]$ ! me?od ( work+ all sorts ( colors into ! wax s t 9 tak+ portraits f life 9 half-relief !y make ! fle% t9ts1 ! hair1 ! clo!s & all s lifelike t ^! pres5tm5ts appe> to lack only ! p[] to speak4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,h&-,,wov5 ,,cov]lets ,! collector :o has be5 =tunate en\gh to make a pilgrimage ?r\gh ! villages ( ,new ,engl&1 visit+ ! antique %ops 9 se>* ( adornm5ts to ! %r9es ( _! hobbies1 w recall ! occasional h&-wov5 cov]let t *anc$ to be display$ z ! backgr\nd to ! ensemble ( odds & ends4 ,b "o f9ds few] & few] ( ^! old-"t examples ( h&icraft4 ,!re h be5 eag] b quiet collectors indu/ri\sly seek+ !m out4 ,nev]!less ! collector has always a *ance ( com+ ^u an e>ly wov5 cov]let1 p>ticul>ly 9 ^? remote qu>t]s :]e local auctions 7occasion$ by mom5t\s ev5ts & n m]ely =egone conclusions7 /ill disclose ! hidd5 treasures ( ye/]day & br+ !m )9 rea* ( ! mod]ate purse4 ,f colonial times ! art ( weav+ cov]let by h& 0 practis$ :]ev] wool & indu/ry sugge/$4 ,! ov]seas traditions 7 fai?fully c>ri$ out by ! h\sewives ( ,new ,engl&1 & !n s\?w>d4 ,!re came to be modifications 9 ! old weav+ patt]ns z ! +5uity ( ^? skill$ 9 ?is h&icraft develop$4 ,inde$1 an enorm\s v>iety ( patt]ns 0 evolv$4 ,proportionately few ( ! v old h&-wov5 cov]lets h surviv$--preci\s !y are to ! collector ( h\sehold antiques6--b ev5 ^! %[ rem>kable patt]n v>iations4 ,( c\rse1 ! "t came :5 ma*9e-weav+ supplant$ h&-"w1 & be=e long cov]lets h&-wov5 7 ( ! disc>d$ arts1 s f> z ! ,new ,engl& /ates 7 conc]n$4 ,a few ye>s ago1 h[ev]1 ! indu/ry ( mak+ h&-wov5 cov]lets 0 reviv$1 = ! art _h 9 a measure1 =tunately1 cont9u$ 9 ! ,s\!rn m\nta9s ( ! c\ntry4 ,_m ( ! old-"t cov]lets 7 c>efully copi$ & hundr$s ( new patt]ns also 7 devis$4 ,^! lat] h&-wov5 cov]lets are1 _m ( !m1 ( great beauty & intr9sically wor? hav+1 ev5 :5 "o c also acquire ! e>li] specim5s1 = ! mod]n h&-wov5 cov]let is m (t5 ?an n indicative ( ! same arti/ic _s ) :i* ! colonial h\sewife end[$ h] "w4 ,blue-&-:ite is ! usual comb9ation 9 ! old cov]lets1 ?\gh _m ( !m introduc$ o!r colors1 br[n be+ ! mo/ commonly us$ aft] blue4 ,?is blue 0 home-dy$--) indigo--& "t has l5t to _m ( ! old cov]lets a color+ comp>able to t ( ! blues ( ,*9ese porcela9s4 ,) ! aptitude = det]m9+ ! details ( ! fabrics1 ( :i* e woman seems intuitively to be possess$1 ! woman collector w 9 all probability be able to di/+ui% a truly old cov]let f "o ( mod]n fabrication4 ,9 a few in/ances "s unscrupul\s antique-deal] may claim antiqu5ess = an obvi\sly mod]n cov]let1 b ! discrim9at+ collector w be comp>atively safe4 ,! collector w f9d old cov]lets int]e/+ z hang+s1 l\nge-cov]s1 & portires1 z well z :5 put to _! orig9al uses4 ,=tunate inde$ is "o :o *ances to acquire a sign$ & dat$ example4 ,su* a discov]y leads ! happy collector to haunt g5ealogical libr>ies until he has une>!d ! my/]y ( its own]'s place 9 hi/ory2 = 9 ! good old days ! weav] 0 probably ! own] z well4 ,illu/ration3 ,wax-,portrait ( ,f]d9& ,i4 ( ,sicily1 ,italian1 ,late #ah? ,c5tury ,wax-,portrait1 ,subject unkn[n1 ,italian1 ,e>ly #ah? ,c5tury ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,model ( an ,am]ican ,peg-loom4 ,be>+ ! ,"n ( ,w4 ,d4 ,fales ( ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl& ,illu/ration3 ,copyright by ,g4 ,h4 ,buek ,h&wov5 ,cov]let 9 ,b$-,*amb] ( ! ,john ,h[>d ,payne ,h\se1 ,ea/hampton1 ,long ,isl&1 ,new ,york ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,*airs ,! old-fa%ion$ idea t a collector mu/ arrange 8 treasures gr\p$ 9 "o spot no long] obta9s4 ,i recall ask+ "o :o _h return$ f a visit to a v int]e/+ h\se if ! ho/ & ho/ess 7 collectors ( antiques1 curios1 or r>e objets d'art4 8,oh1 no10 0 ! reply1 8,i don't ?9k s4 ,!y %[$ me _m beautiful ?+s1 b ,i didn't see any?+ t look$ l a collection40 ,lat] ,i le>n$ t ?is home conta9$ "o ( ! mo/ notable collections ( e>ly furniture 9 ,am]ica6 ,all ^! pieces1 ( c\rse1 _h be5 consid]$ z articles ent]+ into ! adornm5t ( ?is home & n m]ely z objects ga!r$ clutt]-wise into ! semblance ( an old curiosity %op4 ,ev5 our museums are n[ (t5 exhibit+ _! furniture collections arrang$ 9 su* a mann] z to c>ry out a complete idea ( ! orig9al int5tion ( ! v>i\s pieces1 display+ !m 9 recon/ruct$ rooms or 9 ! c\nt]p>t ( a portion ( a room4 ,probably no piece ( furniture holds great] int]e/ = ! specializ$ or ev5 ! g5]al collector ?an ! *air4 ,its ance/ry is v5]able1 b its remote antiquity ne$ n be dwelt ^u at l5g? "h4 ,x is true t 9 a magnific5t ,l\is ,quatorze draw+-room1 p]fectly appo9t$ & hi/orically correct1 ! introduction ( a cottage *air ( ! ,w9dsor type w\ld be z displeas+ an ana*ronism z putt+ a wild ?ru% to neighbor ) all ! p>rots ( an avairy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! draw+-room ( ! av]age typical home 9 good ta/e ! _w ov] might conta9 a ,*ipp5dale *air1 a ,c>olean settee1 a ,%]aton c>d-table1 a ,l\is ,,xiii /ool1 & an ,italian ,r5aissance table1 & yet be agreeably pleas+ & pleasantly invit+ if skill1 good ta/e1 & common s5se _h ent]$ into ! "* ( arrangem5ts4 ,! collector :o wi%es to devote "s att5tion to old furniture w\ld d well to beg9 ) old *airs4 ,all ! old *airs 7! good ones & ! f9e ones7 h n be5 8collect$ up0 9 ! s5se t !y are p]man5tly retir$ f bus9ess4 ,:5 once !y get into ! museums1 ( c\rse1 !y /ay !re1 b ev5 museums are n omnivor\s4 ,! acquir+ ( supremely r>e or unique objects is by no means ! only pleasure to be d]iv$ f collect+4 ,9 fact1 x is "o ( its lea/ ?rill+ =ms1 be+ measur$ m by doll>s & c5ts & ! comm]ce ( ?+s ?an x is by ! m]e joy ( acquisition4 ,"s "o has e/imat$ t e collection :i* does n g into a museum *anges h&s e tw5ty ye>s on an av]age4 ,x is a fact t collect+ 9 ,am]ica to-day is inf9itely m easy ( accompli%m5t ?an x 0 a c5tury ago4 ,9 ,new ,york1 = in/ance1 ! auction sales ( a s+le rec5t season pres5t$ to ! collector m opportunities ?an c\ld h come 8 way 9 six seasons ye>s ago4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t all good 8*ances0 h pass$2 !y are1 z a matt] ( fact1 j ab\t beg9n+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,we are told t collectors h ransack$ f>mh\ses & old h\ses 9 ! ,ea/ = int]e/+ pieces ( antique furniture4 ,t is true1 b ! process means only a *ange ( location & n an elim9ation ( possibilities4 ,! collector ( old *airs c easily become famili> ) ! v>i\s =ms ( peculi>ities ( design :i* m>k ! diff]5t /yles & p]iods1 z may be se5 by ev5 a pass+ glance at ! accompany+ illu/rations4 ,inde$1 ! e>-m>ks t di/+ui% c]ta9 pieces ( furniture ( ! hi/oric p]iods & di/9ct /yles f o!rs are1 happily1 s num]\s t ! art ( id5tification becomes comp>atively an easy "o4 ,beg9n]s w1 to be sure1 (t5 come across mod]n reproductions ( g5u9e old *airs4 ,n all ( ^!--9 fact1 comp>atively few ( !m--7 made ) int5t to defraud4 ,occasionally "s unscrupul\s or ignorant p]son w (f] a mod]n piece z g5u9e1 b y\r true collector ne$ h>dly be deceiv$1 except 9 r>e in/ances1 by attempt$ impositions4 ,! =m ( ! ma/] furniture design]s ( ye/]day has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,!re is no?+ 9 mod]n design m beautiful or s beautiful z _m ( ! old *airs ( ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton1 & ,hepple:ite1 & likewise ( ! e>ly ,engli% & ! ,fr5* p]iods4 ,realiz+ ?is1 ! furniture-mak]s ( to-day at home & abroad h s\ght to reproduce ! be/ ( ^! antique pieces = ! s]vice & ! b5efit ( ! mod]n home-mak]1 obvi\sly z undisguis$ reproductions4 ,! collector :o /udies old *airs w glean _m a helpful h9t f ^! mod]n reproductions4 ,! f9e ones fai?fully c>ri$ out are really wor? collect+ 9 !mselves1 z accessory to a collection ( o!r pieces :i* ! collector has be5 =tunate 9 obta9+ 9 ! orig9als4 ,if y ,illu/ration3 ,*ipp5dale ,mahogany ,arm-,*air #agfj-aghj ,illu/ration3 ,%ield-,back ,hepple:ite ,arm-,*air ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,l\is ,,xiv ,arm-,*air ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,,xv ,arm-,*air ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,brooklyn ,museum ( ,art ,?ree ,r>e ,williamite ,glasses4 ,two ,engli% ,glass ,rumm]s ,engrav$ ) ,nelson ,subjects1 & a small] ,jacobite ,arms ,rumm]4 ,c5tre ,tumbl] ,commemorates ,coronation ( ,george ,,iv ( ,engl&4 ,two #ah? ,c5tury ,tumbl]s *ance to come across an old *air f9e 9 ! l9es ( its design1 d n give x up z hopeless %\ld y notice t x is disfigur$ ) pa9t1 d[dy1 brok5-d[n uphol/]y1 & ! l4 ,a good re/or] ( old furniture w be able to "w wond]s ) a piece ( ! sort4 ,i rememb] discov]+ an old *air s hidd5 "u ! disguise ( pa9t1 putty1 & c>-plu% z to h disc\rag$ any b a discrim9at+ en?usiasm4 ,:5 ?is *air 0 turn$ ov] to a re/or] he deliv]$ x f its bondage ( humiliation & x came =? an excell5t & treasur$ g5u9e example ( ! f9e/ ,hepple:ite /yle4 ,! 8/uff+0 _h completely hidd5 a spl5did o/ri*-plume back4 ,to collect any?+ s5sibly requires an int]e/ 9 ! available data conc]n+ x4 ,"o might z well collect buttons manufactur$ 9 #aibj z to pay no att5tion to ! /udy ( ?+s ga!r$ toge!r 9 pleasurable pursuit4 ,s1 too1 x is ) *airs4 ,a *air-collector looks beyond ! m]e utilit>ian fact t ea* *air c be sat ^u ) com=t1 or c't be4 ,fir/ ( all he mu/ acqua9t himself ) ! v>i\s p]iods3 ,italian ,r5aissance1 ,fr5* ,r5aissance1 ,flemi%1 ,spani%1 ,elizabe?an1 ,c>olean1 & ,jacobean 7,tudor to ,/u>t71 ,william & ,m>y1 ,que5 ,anne1 ! ,e>ly ,georgian1 ! ,fr5* p]iods ( ! ,h5ris1 ! ,l\is1 ! ,empire1 ! /yles ( ,*ipp5dale1 ,adam1 ,hepple:ite1 & ,%]aton1 & ! e>ly ,am]ican =ms4 ,! collector w f9d _m excell5t works 9 ,engli% by em95t au?orities on furniture1 all ( :i* devote prop] space to ! subject ( ! *airs ( ! p>ticul> p]iod ( :i* !y are treat+4 ,!re ! *air en?usia/ w le>n t walnut came to be widely us$ 9 ,engli% *airs aft] #afej2 t ,hepple:ite sugge/$ hairclo? = *air cov]+s2 t ! ,c>olean cr[n is a di/+ui%+ feature ( ! ,re/oration p]iod2 t ,que5 ,anne *airs are m>k$ by simplicity1 _! beauty dep5d+ ma9ly on _! f9e l9es1 graceful curves1 delicate v5e]+1 & re/ra9t :]e inlay is us$2 t mahogany came into use betwe5 #agbj & #agbe1 & n into g5]al use be=e #agcj2 t ,*ipp5dale's be/ pieces 7 made betwe5 #agcj & #agfj2 t 9 all real ,*ipp5dale ball-&-claw t]m9ations ! claw is c>v$ to sugge/ vividly a gripp+ /r5g?1 & n z m]ely re/+ passively on ! ball z 9 ! imitations & 9 ne>ly all mod]n reproductions4 ,^! are b a few ( ! _m int]e/+ facts e old-furniture collector %\ld "k1 po9ts t enable "o to collect *airs intellig5tly & ) joy 9 ! pursuit ( a delectable hobby t is also a v practical "o4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,engli% ,,dr9k+-,,glasses ,!re are few g5]al collectors :o h n1 at "s "t1 come "u ! en*antm5t ( old glass4 ,x is rem>kable t objects s fragile 9 fabric %\ld h surviv$ ! vicissitudes ( c5turies1 z h specim5s n only ( ,european glass b ( ! anci5t glass ( ,syrian1 ,phnician1 ,greek1 & ,roman manufacture z well4 ,glass-mak+ 9 ,engl& _h an e>ly orig91 d]iv$1 x w\ld seem probable1 f ! ,roman invad]s4 ,we "k x to h fl\ri%$ to "s ext5t at ,*$d+fold 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 cont9u+ !re = sev]al hundr$ ye>s1 z we glean f a ref]5ce 9 ,?omas ,*>nock's 8,brevi>y ( ,philosophy10 publi%$ 9 #aeeg1 :]e9 is writt53 8,y may s5d to ,*$d+fold to ! glassmak] & desire him to bl[ !e a glass aft] ?y devise40 ,an entry 9 ,evelyn's ,di>y = ,febru>y #aj1 #afhe1 ref]s to 88 ,maje/y's heal? be+ drunk 9 a fl9t glass ( a y>d long1 by ! ,%]iff1 ,comm&]1 ,(fic]s & ,*iefe g5tlem540 ,?is rem9ds u t fl9t glass 0 discov]$ & came into vogue prior to #afhj2 or 9 t ye> its fame _h caus$ x to be s highly reg>d$ else:]e 9 ,europe t manufactories to compete ) ,engli% ones 7 e/abli%$ at ,lige 9 t ye>4 ,! e>ly fl9t glass ( ,engl& diff]$ some:at f ! lat] product4 ,probably ! fl9t glass z we "k x n[ 0 n introduc$ be=e #agcj1 or p]fect$ until ov] a c5tury lat]4 ,( all ! ,engli% glass none is m beautiful or attractive ?an ! dr9k+-glasses ( ?is p]iod4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is true ( ! engrav$ & inscrib$ dr9k+-glasses :i* collectors n[ eag]ly seek4 ,r>e1 inde$1 ^! glasses h become1 & =tunate is ! collector :o comes across a 8f9d0 ( ! sort4 ,engli% glass ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ?\gh less ornam5tal ?an ,v5etian1 0 nev]!less m utilit>ian4 ,9 respect to ! _s glasses & rumm]s1 :i* succe$$ ale-tank>ds ( metal & ( pott]y1 ?is is p>ticul>ly true4 ,no 8glasse ( ,v5ice0 c\ld h )/ood ! table impact :i* ! ,engli% eighte5?-c5tury _s glasses 7 design$ to survive1 a virtue :i* gave !m ! "n ( 8fir+-glasses10 z ! sett+ d[n ( !m by a company surr\nd+ ! jovial bo>d produc$ a noise l a m9iature cannonade4 ,"s ( ^! 8fir+-glasses0 9 ! ,leckie ,collection1 n[ =m+ "p ( ! p]man5t collection ( ! ,brooklyn ,art ,museum1 are engrav$ ) grape-v9e designs1 & arms1 & are inscrib$4 ,( c\rse su* engrav$ & inscrib$ glasses are ( great] int]e/ & r>ity ?an ^? :i* are )\t decoration or inscription4 ,! me?od ( classification ( ,engli% dr9k+-glasses takes into consid]ation ! types ( ! feet1 ! types ( ! b[ls1 & ! types ( ! /ems4 ,!re is ! pla9-foot$ glass1 ! glass ) ! fold$ foot 7s call$ because ! out] circle ( ! foot is fold$ back b5ea? x to /r5g!n x71 ! dom$ foot 7%ap$ z its "n sugge/s71 & ! dom$-&-fold$ foot glass 7a comb9ation ( dome & fold74 ,! fold$ foot is a type :i* indicates e>ly orig91 j z ^? glasses :i* h ! foot broad] ?an ! b[l indicate _! orig9 to h be5 prior to ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,z to types ( b[ls1 !re are ! drawn b[l 7b[l & /em drawn f a s+le piece ( glass1 z 9 ! glasses ( ! sev5te5? c5tury72 ! bell-%ap$ b[l1 ! wai/-=m$ bell b[l1 ! wai/$ b[l1 ! ovoid b[l1 ! /raight-sid$ b[l1 ! /raight-sid$ rectangul> b[l1 ! ogee b[l1 ! lipp$ ogee b[l & ! d\ble ogee =m4 ,! wai/-=m$ bell-%ap$ 7wai/$-bell7 b[l is r>ely met )--! e>ly eighte5? c5tury m>ks its decl9e--& ! wai/$ b[l is uncommon also4 ,! bell-%ap$ b[ls seem longe/ to h ma9ta9$ favor4 ,! ,bri/ol ,glass ,works orig9at$ ! ogee b[l %apes1 :i* date f ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,z to ! types ( /ems1 ! e>lie/ 9 design is ! balu/] /em1 9 use z e>ly z #afhj1 & popul> till #agcj2 ! pla9 /em1 mo/ frequ5tly met ) 9 glasses f #agjj to #agej2 ! air-twi/ /em1 9 vogue f #agbe to #agge1 & p]haps lat]2 ! opaque :ite twi/ /em1 dat+ f #agde till ! end ( ! c5tury2 ! air & opaque :ite twi/ /em1 ! color twi/ /em1 & ! cut /em1 dat+ f ab\t ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,air-bubbles imprison$ 9 ! /ems ( glasses h giv5 to ?is type ( glass ! "n ( 8te>-glass40 ,almo/ )\t exception ! 8te>s0 h _! po9ts d[nw>d1 al?\gh glasses %[+ ! rev]se ( ?is h 9 r>e in/ances be5 met )4 ,! air-twi/ /ems are an evolution ( ! te>s4 ,! glass conta9+ air-bubbles came to be heat$ & drawn out & +5i\sly manipulat$ 9 su* a way z to produce ! effect ( twi/$ filam5ts :i* =m$ su* patt]ns )9 ! glass z "o n[ & !n *ances to f9d4 ,be=e manipulation ! bubbles 7 produc$ artificially by prick+ into ! glass1 s(t5$ by heat & cov]$ ov]1 9 turn1 ) a film ( molt5 glass4 ,! opaque :ite twi/ /em1 & also ! color twi/ /em1 7 obta9$ aft] ! ,v5etian fa%ion ( mak+ ,millefiori glass1 describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxvii 7page #bba71 z d]iv$ f ! ,roman glass ( antiquity4 ,r>e specim5s ( /ems are f\nd ) delicate t9ts ( blue & r$ among ! filam5ts4 ,all ^! twi/ & te> /ems are n[adays reproduc$ & are occasionally fraudul5tly (f]$ ! unw>y z g5u9e4 ,b su* glass nei!r r+s true nor is "r 9 color1 ?\gh ! copyi/s are com+ to display _! skill 9 ! matt] ( t9t likewise1 ev5 ?\gh balk$ by specific gravity4 ,a numb] ( ! cut-/em glasses 7 coa*+-glasses--t is1 glasses )\t feet1 :i* /ood inv]t$ on ! tray :5 br\ght to ! coa* travel] at a relay inn4 ,aft] 8 ha/y dr9k ! travel] w\ld replace ! glass inv]t$1 h5ce !re 0 no ne$ = a foot2 & !re 0 less likelihood ( a tray ( su* glasses1 hurri$ly c>ri$1 com+ to grief ?r\gh c>elessness4 ,) ! adv5t ( railroads & ! decl9e ( coa*+ su* glasses 7 retir$ f s]vice4 ,_m ( ^! old-"t coa*+-glasses 7 engrav$ & inscrib$1 b few ( !m h surviv$ & a specim5 w\ld1 inde$1 be a pice de rsi/ance 9 any collection ( glass4 ,we see f ^! notes t !re is less guesswork connect$ ) ! /udy & collect+ ( old glass ?an "o un9itiat$ 9 ! rudim5ts ( its lore might suppose4 ,no?+ is )\t a reason2 ! ?+ is to f9d ! raison d'tre--t is a true collector's pleasure4 ,( all ! engrav$ or ! inscrib$ ,engli% glass none is m int]e/+ 9 its hi/orical connection ?an ! ,jacobite dr9k+-glasses4 ,_! /ory1 briefly1 is ?is3 ,aft] ! flight ( ,james ,,ii left ,william ( ,orange firmly 9 possession ( ! gov]nm5t1 an act ( ,p>liam5t1 9 #agja1 =mally exclud$ ! h\se ( ,/u>t f ! ?rone & settl$ ! succession 7aft] ,william & 8 si/]-9-law ,anne %\ld h di$7 ^u ! h\se ( ,hanov]4 ,pr9ce ,*>les ,james ,edw>d1 ,*evali] ( ,/4 ,george 7! son ( ,james ,,ii71 0 recogniz$ by ,l\is ,,xiv ( ,france z rightful ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,?is l$ ,william to prep>e to make w> on ,france1 :5 dea? ov]took him1 & ,anne became ,que5 ( ,engl&4 ,que5 ,anne1 ?anks to ,m>lbor\gh1 successfully c>ri$ out ,william's policies1 & e attempt ( ! ,/u>ts to rega9 ! ?rone 0 fru/rat$4 ,anne di$ 9 #agad1 b z e>ly z #agaj ! ,cycle1 a fam\s & facti\s ,jacobite club1 0 =m$4 ,o!r ,jacobite clubs foll[$ ?r\gh\t ,engl& & ,scotl&4 ,! ,jacobites 71 ( c\rse1 ^? :o s\ght to re/ore ! h\se ( ,/u>t to ! ?rone1 a dang]\s treason f ! ,cr[n's po9t ( view1 & ^? ,jacobites :o _h any desire to keep _! heads on _! %\ld]s _h to proce$ ) c>e & secrecy4 ,nev]!less1 ev5 aft] ! rebellion ( #agae & ! fam\s 8disappo9tm5t0 ( #agde ! ,jacobites1 :5 toa/+ ! k+1 w\ld hold _! dr9k+-glasses above a b[l ( wat] to signify t !y drank to 8! k+ ov] ! wat]10 ! ,old ,pret5d] or1 aft] 8 dea?1 to ! ,"y ,pret5d]4 ,! bold] ,jacobites _h _! dr9k+-glasses engrav$ ) ,/u>t emblems3 a h]aldic rose & two buds 71 = in/ance1 emblematic ( ,james ,,ii1 8 son1 & 8 gr&son1 :ile ! />1 oak-leaves1 & acorns1 etc41 7 obvi\s 9 allusion4 ,! v bolde/ ,jacobites _h glasses inscrib$ ) mottoes--,fiat be+ ! mo/ g5]al "o1 z ?is 8,let x be done10 0 ! motto ( ! ,cycle ,club1 ance/or ( ,jacobite activity4 ,! m timid ,jacobites cont5t$ !mselves ) symbols or inscriptions engrav$ ^u ! "u side ( ! foot ( ! glass4 ,"o comes across specim5s ( ! ,fiat ,jacobite dr9k+-glass ) ! two oak-leaves engrav$ on ! foot4 ,o!rs are engrav$ ) ! h]aldic rose ^u ! b[l & a /> ^u ! foot4 ,a l>ge glass--its own] mu/ h be5 ! v bolde/ ,jacobite ( all6--is inscrib$ ,aud5tior ,ibo & also be>s ! portrait ( ! ,"y ,pret5d]1 ^: dea? 9 #aghh did n1 /rangely en\gh1 put an end to ,jacobite activities4 ,inde$1 ! 8,/u>t fasc9ation0 is "o ( hi/ory's great my/]ies4 ,on ! foot ( ,jacobite glasses "o sometimes f9ds engrav$ ! fea!rs ( ! cre/ ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales2 ! rose & two buds ( ! ,/u>ts on ! b[l4 ,/ill o!r glasses are n h]aldic1 b h ! h]aldic ,/u>t rose engrav$ ^u ! foot4 ,x is truly rem>kable t any ( ^! ,jacobite glasses %\ld h surviv$1 = _m ( !m mu/1 9 _! p]il\s "t1 h _h to meet ) de/ruction to escape s]v+ z telltales :5 sudd5 & unexpect$ raids ^u ,jacobite /rongholds 7 made by ! (fic]s ( ! ,cr[n4 ,"s ( ^! engrav$ & inscrib$ ,jacobite glasses 7 probably decorat$ ^u ! ,cont95t1 b mo/ ( !m are ( ,engli% workman%ip 9 engrav+ z well z 9 manufacture4 ,probably _m ( ! ,jacobite glasses 7 made at ! glass-works ( ,newca/le-on-,tyne1 proximity to ! bord] ( ,scotl& mak+ su* a location conv5i5t on occasion4 ,i ?9k b few %\ld be attribut$ to ! ,bri/ol glass-work]s4 ,probably ! l>ge/ numb] ( ,jacobite glasses 7 made %ortly be=e ! 8,=ty-five40 ,z ! ,jacobites _h specially engrav$ & inscrib$ glasses1 s1 too1 did ! p>tisans ( ,k+ ,william4 ,williamite glasses 7 to be f\nd 9 ,irel& z well1 :]e a numb] ( !m--"s are extant--7 engrav$ ) anti-,jacobite toa/s4 ,b :5 x 0 n likely t ! ,iri% c\ld =get ,james ,,ii4 ,au?orities are n agre$ z to :i* 7 fir/ put =?1 ,williamite or ,jacobite glasses1 b ,i am incl9$ to ?9k prec$5ce 9 *ronological ord] %\ld be giv5 to ! engrav$ & inscrib$ ,williamite ones4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 few] ,williamite glasses ?an ,jacobite glasses1 j z lat] !re 7 few] ,hanov]ian glasses1 z ! ,williamites & ! ,hanov]ians 7 9 ! asc5dant1 & public loyalty consid]$ itself beyond ! necessity ( symboliz+ its fealty 9 o!r ?an ! simple toa/4 ,"o may also include m5tion "h ( ! ,hanov]ian engrav$ & inscrib$ glasses1 "o ( :i*1 = in/ance1 0 made to commemorate ! coronation ( ,george ,,iv4 ,f9ally we come to rumm]s engrav$ ) ,nelson subjects1 commemorat+ ,engl&'s naval h]o4 ,^!1 ( c\rse1 are e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 z ,nelson liv$ till #ahje4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,/u>t ,,embroid]ies ,! ,/u>t p]iod ( embroid]ies is "o ( great int]e/ to ! collector4 ,a few ye>s ago comp>atively little att5tion 0 paid to examples ( ,engli% embroid]$ "w ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,specim5s ( ! sort are n[ eag]ly s\ght =1 n only by private collectors b by public museums z well4 ,true x is t ! ,engli% embroid]ies ( ! sev5te5? c5tury are n comp>able 9 arti/ic quality ) ^? ( e>li] p]iods1 al?\gh ! te*nical skill display$ !re91 p>ticul>ly 9 ! class kn[n z /ump-"w1 has n be5 surpass$ 9 ,engli% ne$le-"w ( any p]iod s9ce t ( ! v e>ly ecclesia/ical embroid]ies4 ,c]ta9 ( its *>act]i/ic patt]ns surviv$ ! ,elizabe?an reign1 only to deg5]ate1 dur+ ,k+ ,james's "t1 into :at "o mu/ confess to be "s ( ! mo/ un9t]e/+ "w 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ,engli% embroid]y4 ,"s quilt$ "w1 inspir$ by ,ori5tal design1 & c]ta9 crewels = hang+s1 7 exceptions4 ,?is ,ori5tal influ5ce 0 due to ! rapidly develop+ int]c\rse1 ?r\gh comm]ce1 ( ,engl& ) ,india & ,*9a1 :i* m>k$ ! reign ( ,james ,i & t ( ! two ,*>leses2 a proclamation ( ,*>les ,i1 9 #afca1 = in/ance1 p]mitt$ ! importation f ! ,ea/ ,indies ( 8quilts ( ,*9a embroid]$ ) gold40 ,obelisks & pyramids 7 favorite devices ) ! embroid]]s ( ,james ,i1 j z !y 7 ) woodc>v]s & silv]smi?s ( ! day1 a fact int]e/+ to note1 z ^! devices (t5 aid ! collector 9 fix+ ! p]iod ( an object he may be /udy+4 ,t[>d ! end ( ?is reign x became fa%ionable to repres5t religi\s subjects 9 ne$lework4 ,! manufacture ( tape/ry 9 ,engl& fl\ri%$ side by side ) embroid]y ?r\gh\t ! reign ( ,james ,i & ^? ( ,*>les ,i & ,*>les ,,ii1 & x 0 f tape/ry subjects t ! ne$lework pictures ( ! ,/u>t p]iod d]iv$ _! inspiration4 ,s ?or\ghly e/abli%$ _h _! vogue become1 t al?\gh ! fabrication ( tape/ry rapidly decl9$ t[>d ! end ( ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii1 embroid]$ pictures /ill held _! own4 ,! petit po9t or t5t-/it* 0 effectively employ$ 9 ! tape/ry embroid]ies ( ?is p]iod4 ,9 its e>lie/ =m ?is /it* 0 work$ ov] a s+le ?read & produc$ a mass$ effect ( v f9e l9es4 ,! tape/ry embroid]ies ( ! ,/u>t p]iod (t5 mirror$ ) extraord9>y fidelity ! fa%ions 9 ! dress ( ! "t4 ,among objects 9 ,/u>t embroid]y ,i h se5 a little jewel-cab9et c>ri$ out ma9ly 9 silk flosses & "s wool work$ on irregul>ly wov5 tawny-:ite canvas1 ! mat]ial g5]ally 9 use = petit po9t "w1 ?\gh ! /it* employ$ 9 c>ry+ out ! pictorial subjects :i* adorn$ ! sections ( ?is cab9et is kn[n z long-/it*4 ,almo/ z preci\s z "s ( ! jewels :i* once may h be5 treasur$ 9 ?is cab9et are ! embroid]$ sa*ets1 jewel-boxes1 ne$le-case1 p9cu%ion1 & two bits ( beadwork :i* 7 tuck$ away 9 its recesses4 ,next to ! long-/it* "w ( ! cab9et itself1 ! /ump-"w sa*et 0 p]haps ! mo/ important ( ^! pieces4 ,/ump-"w consi/$ ( fea!r/it*+ 7?\gh all o!r /it*es 7 also employ$7 "u :i* a padd+ 0 plac$ to =m rais$ surfaces1 tak+ ?is sugge/ion p]haps f ! anci5t opus anglicanum4 ,^! elevations or 8/umps10 z !y 7 call$1 7 ( clo?1 ( hair1 ( wool1 & sometimes ( wood1 pap]1 & p>*m5t4 ,9 fact1 _! mat]ials 7 v>i\s4 ,^! /umps 7 glu$ ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,engli% #ag? ,c5tury ,/ump-"w ,embroid]y4 ,subject3 8,judgm5t ( ,p>is40 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,dut* ,delft ,%elf ,ornam5ts1 ,! ,c[ by ,jacobus ,hold]1 dat$ #agfe ,f\r ,dut* ,delft ,tiles1 #ag? ,c5tury or ba/$ on a gr\nd ( 7g5]ally7 :ite sat91 & ! /it*+ 0 !n execut$ to cov] ! /ump+4 ,qua9t 9 conceit1 ?\gh (t5 crude en\gh 9 design1 are ! /it*$ emblems 9 mu* ( ?is /ump-"w4 ,! twice-repeat$ cat]pill> 0 an emblem ( ! ,/u>t dyna/y (t5 employ$1 nor are o!r emblems )\t int5d$ significance4 ,! eyes ( ! birds1 animals1 & insects are (t5 m>k$ by se$-pe>ls1 a practice ( ev5 e>li] date 9 ,engl&1 z "o f9ds f ! inv5tory ( ,/4 ,james ,h\se1 #aedi1 :]e9 is m5tion$ a picture 8( ne$lework1 p>tly g>ni%$ ) se$ pe>l40 ,silv] ?reads are also effectively introduc$ 9 ,/u>t embroid]ies & edg+s ( silv] lace surr\nd _m ( ! objects su* z ! p9cu%ion4 ,_m ,/u>t embroid]y patt]ns 7 copi$ f ! designs ( ! ri*ly brocad$ silks ( ! p]iod4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,delft ,:5 ,horace ,walpole's c]amic treasures at ,/rawb]ry ,hill came by inh]itance to ,"l ,waldegrave !y 7 s5t to ! auction room4 ,x took tw5ty-sev5 days ( long sessions = ! auctione]s to dispose ( !m1 not)/&+ ! fact t !re 7 eag] bidd]s = e lot 9 8 ext5sive collection4 ,( ,walpole x 0 said3 ,*9a 's ! passion ( 8 s\l4 ,a cup1 a plate1 a di%1 a b[l1 ,c k9dle wi%es 9 8 brea/1 ,inflame ) joy or break 8 re/4 ,& h[ _m o!rs !re are ( u :o succumb to ?is same passion6 ,pott]y & porcela9 h1 ,i ?9k1 m devotes 9 ! temples ( antiques & curios ?an almo/ any o!r ( ! h\sehold gods4 ,clay feet we "k !m to h1 b we display _! %r9es6 ,dut* delft is "o ( ! sorts ( pott]y t is especially de> to ! ga!r] ( ?+s c]amic4 ,its popul>ity has br\ght x to be uncommon1 b if x is true t tw5ty ye>s is1 z /ati/icians say x is1 ! av]age "t = a collection to re/ be=e x comes ^u ! m>ket aga91 we may take com=t 9 ! fact t opportunities = pick+ up old delft are n vani%+4 ,we h only to lie 9 wait = !m1 to be c\rage\s 9 competition & al]t 9 int]e/4 ,no fai5ce has crept m w9n+ly into lit]ature ?an ?is to :i* ! qua9t1 quiet little city t lies betwe5 ,! ,hague & ,rott]dam has l5t its "n4 ,"h ,william ! ,sil5t dwelt & "h he met 8 tragic dea?4 ,"h 9 ! little *ur* is ! tomb ( ,admiral van ,tromp4 ,"h1 too1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange came to live4 ,kn[les says3 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,pr9ce & ! =eign missions1 ) _! ext5sive ret9ue ( s]vants1 came increas$ weal? on ! top ( ,delft's own comm]cial & indu/rial prosp]ity4 ,x did m2 x br\ght ! cultivation ( arti/ic feel+ & luxury1 & a numb] ( di/+ui%$ m5 ( =eign culture & ta/es--ri*1 sumptu\s1 money-sp5d+1 array$ 9 co/ly brocades1 mov+ 9 elegant c>riages2 notables & magi/rates f neighb\r+ prov9ces & t[ns--all ) a tra9 ( (ficialdom p]ta9+ to _! rank1 ) ! /rict prec$5ce & etiquette1 & ! c]emonies ( ! times4 ,! requirem5ts ( ! well-to-d h\seholds ( ,delft gave enc\ragem5t to ! pott]'s art4 ,! ,dut* 7 well acqua9t$ ) ! enamel$ & glaz$ pott]y ( ,italy & ( ,spa94 ,su* maiolica w>e und\bt$ly inspir$ exp]im5t4 ,) ! importation ( ! ,*9ese blue-&-:ite porcela9--probably all t came to ,europe at t e>ly p]iod pass$ fir/ to ,holl&--! di/9ctive fai5ce we "k z old ,dut* delft came into mak+1 b x assum$ di/9ctive qualities imm$iately1 diff]5tiat+ x f ei!r ! porcela9 ( ,*9a or ! :ite-gr\nd w>es ( ,italy & ,spa94 ,"s "o once said to me3 8,i wi% ,i c\ld beg9 to collect real old delft1 b ,i am afraid x is s difficult to pass judgm5t on pieces t )\t an exp]t to turn to con/antly ,i %\ld f9d my cab9et full ( spuri\s w>e4 ,mr4 ,antiqueman tells me x is v difficult to tell a piece ( g5u9e old delft1 unless "o has _h ! ye>s ( exp]i5ce he has _h ) x40 ,happ5+ to h a slight acqua9tance ) ?is ,mr4 ,antiqueman1 ,i did n f9d x difficult to und]/& :y he *ose to ?r[ su* my/]y ar\nd ! subject4 ,p]sonally ,i ?9k too _m antique m5 lose m ?an !y ga9 by s zeal\sly gu>d+ ^? trade secrets t are no secrets at all4 ,once to "k old ,dut* delft is nev] to =get x4 ,! kn[+ ( x is n a difficult matt]1 once x is expla9$ & "o has contact ) a g5u9e piece z an object-lesson4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 old ,dut* delft is a pott]y1 n a porcela94 ,pott]y is always opaque1 :ile porcela9 is always transluc5t4 ,break a pott]y object & x w be se5 t x 0 =m$ ( a bak$ clay base glaz$ or enamel$ ov] ) a sub/ance t has giv5 x a coat+ :i* does n seem to be incorporat$ 9 sub/ance ) ! base4 ,break a porcela9 object & y w discov] t all ! way ?r\gh x appe>s ( a transluc5t sub/ance4 ,old ,dut* delft ( ! e>lie/ sort 0 compos$ ( a s(t1 friable1 r$di% clay base4 ,dut* delft ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies _h a body base ( yell[i% or pale-br[n color4 ,^! bases in/ead ( be+ glaz$ 7 coat$ ) an enamel-l slip4 ,t9 ent]$ into ! composition ( ?is coat+ & ?is t9-enamel gave x a surface :i* ,i %\ld describe z d5sely opaque1 ) a metallic feel b )\t ! metallic lu/re1 = in/ance1 ( ! maiolica w>es ( ,italy & ( ,spa94 ,! surface ( old delft is absolutely diff]5t f ! glaz$ surface ( porcela91 ( mod]n pott]y4 ,! mod]n delft ( to-day is n to be confus$ ) ! old ,dut* delft4 ,! ,dut* w>e made to-day :i* passes ) ! old "n is a glaz$ w>e & n1 l ! old1 an enamel$ w>e4 ,9 mod]n s-call$ delft "o c see ?r\gh ! glaze4 ,z ,i h said1 old ,dut* delft pres5ts a completely opaque surface4 ,j "h ,i %\ld say t 9 "s ( ! lat] sorts ( old ,dut* delft a glaze 0 add$ to ! enamel$ surface1 b z ! enamel$ coat+ is !re1 "o w readily recognize x b5ea? ! glaze4 ,z ! clay base ( old ,dut* delft 0 s s(t & friable1 ! surface ( a piece 0 entirely coat$ ) ! t9-enamel4 ,:ile x 0 n metallic 9 ! s5se ( hav+ a metallic lu/re l ! maiolica ( ,d]uta or ( ,gubbio1 light gl9t$ across ! surface ( a piece ( old delft reveals a t9ny %e54 ,! surface w prove smoo? to ! t\*1 b x w n feel glassy z does t ( a glaz$ w>e4 ,s friable is old delft t x is prone to crip at ! edges1 !re reveal+ ! br[n body base ( ! "u clay4 ,a drop ( /rong acid dropp$ on ! body clay ?us expos$ w eff]vesce1 s9ce !re is c>bonate ( lime 9 ! und]/ructure ( old delft4 ,?is body clay is s s(t t x is easily cut ) a knife4 ,?is _c be said ( ! ,engli% ,lambe? delft1 :i* ,engli% w>e1 ?\gh inspir$ by ! old ,dut* delft & contempor>y ) mu* ( x1 0 ( a mu* h>d] body base1 d5s] & m glossy ?an ! ,dut* clay4 ,! enamel lay mu* m closely & ev5ly to ! body base 9 old ,dut* delft ?an x did 9 ! ,engli% delft4 ,dut* delft r>ely craz$ 9 ! kiln2 ,engli% delft (t5 did s & 9 consequ5ce its enamel$ surface came to be glaz$ to prev5t ?is4 ,!n "o (t5 f9ds ! colors ( ! decoration ( old ,dut* delft to h run--nei!r "u nor ov] ! enamel surface b into ! enamel4 ,?is is because ! colors 7 put ^u ! ,dut* delft :ile ! enamel 0 /ill wet & fix$ 9 x dur+ ! liquefaction & fix+ ( ! surface coat+ 9 ! fir+ ( ! piece 9 ! kiln4 ,9 su* pieces ( ,engli% delft z %[ ! colors ( _! decoration to h run1 x w be se5 di/9ctly t ^! colors h run ^u ! enamel ( ! surface & n into or ) x4 ,f9ally ! color ( ! clay body ( ! ,lambe? delft ( ,engl& is buff4 ,:ile nature has giv5 u a s5se ( blue skies1 sci5ti/s w tell y t %e has be5 ov]ly sp>+ ) blue 9 fl[]s & 9 bird life4 ,! ,*9ese _h long plac$ ?is color z ! fir/ ( ! five nom9at$ 9 _! popul> traditions4 ,to blue !y gave a symbolism ri* & v>i$4 ,!y associat$ x ) ! ,ea/1 = in/ance1 & aga9 ) wood4 ,x is natural t x %\ld h be5 a favorite color = ! ,*9ese c]amici/4 ,! palace *9a ( "s ( ! e>ly ,*9ese emp]ors res]v$ ! privilege ( blue decoration1 a blue1 z an old ,*9ese writ] tells u1 z 8se5 ?r\gh a rift 9 ! cl\ds aft] ra940 ,x 0 n until ! sixte5? c5tury t ! ,*9ese obta9$ cobalt4 ,?is bright & vivid blue made spe$y headway z aga9/ ! gray] blues t until !n _h alone be5 produc$ by ! ,*9ese c]amic arti/4 ,cobalt 0 introduc$ into ,*9a by ei!r ! ,jesuits or ! ,mohamm$ans2 ! ,*9ese !mselves nam$ ! color 8,moslem ,blue40 ,! blue-&-:ite porcela9 ( ,*9a appe>s to h made a direct appeal to ! ,dut* pott]s4 ,blue 0 ! e>lie/ color us$ by !m 9 _! delft decoration4 ,purple foll[$1 & aft] t ! gre51 yell[1 br[n1 & r$ ( ! poly*rome delft pieces t we "k4 ,we d "k h[ popul> ! ,dut* blue-&-:ite became4 ,e ye> quantities ( x f\nd _! way to ,engl&4 ,mu* ( x 0 sold !re at ! ,dut* ,fair held annually 9 ,y>m\?4 ,k+ ,*>les ,,ii soon came to fe> ! effect on local pott]ies ( ! ext5d$ importation ( ,dut* delft into ,engl& & 9 consequ5ce issu$ a proclamation aga9/ ?is comm]ce1 decl>+ ! sale ( ,dut* delft 9 ,engl& to be 8to ! great disc\ragem5t ( s useful a manufacture s late f\nd out0 at home1 presumably by ! pott]s ( ,lambe?1 :o naturally w\ld n be sl[ 9 attempt+ to imitate ! ,dut* w>e s fl\ri%+ly 9 vogue4 ,probably ,dut* pott]s _h come ov] to "w 9 ! ,engli% ateli]s4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum are int]e/+ examples ( ,engli% delft1 a p>ticul>ly f9e set ( plates hav+ a l9e ( poetry on ea*1 s t :5 ! six are arrang$ 9 prop] ord] !y =m a little five-l9e v]se4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,e>ly ,,desk ,,furniture ,! appeal ( old furniture :i* has ! m]it ( =m1 design1 & workman%ip ( high ord] is "o t is n ! reflection ( a pass+ fad or fancy2 x has come to be "o ( atta*m5t & g5u9e s9c]ity4 ,if x took ! great] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury to tea* u ! futility ( fix+ our affections on exagg]at$ novelties1 su* z ^? :i* dimm$ ! reign ( ,que5 ,victoria & boom$ ! ,bun?ornes ( ! 'eighties1 ! tw5tie? c5tury f9ds u discrim9at+ly *a/5$4 ,we are tak+ out ( our h\ses1 ^? ( u :o c1 ! pieces ( furniture t ought n to h be5 made1 putt+ into _! places old-"t ?+s ( beauty1 or1 :5 x is n possible = u to acquire v]itable antique pieces1 ! high-grade reproductions ( old furniture t n[ grace ! m>ket & %[ no abatem5t 9 popul> e/eem4 ,9 classify+ ! hobbies ( sev]al ?\s& collectors :o /at$ _! pref]5ces1 ,i f\nd t a great] numb] 7 int]e/$ 9 old furniture ?an 9 any "o o!r subject4 ,?is fact is n /range1 :5 "o comes to consid] ! utilit>ian phase4 ,g5]ally1 ! collector ( old furniture />ts 9 ) ! *ance possession ( two or ?ree antique bits :i*1 by inspir+ int]e/ & appreciation1 lead him to wi% to br+ ! o!r h\se furni%+s into h>mony ) ! lovel9ess ( ! old pieces4 ,few collectors ( antique furniture1 ( c\rse1 are )\t homes ( _! own1 or ! mod]n sub/itute--! long-lease ap>tm5t4 ,! skill ( ! mod]n re/or] ( old furniture accompli%es wond]s ) ! batt]$ d]elicts ( ! h\ses ( ye/]day by mak+ ! old pieces to %9e =? 9 _! glory anew2 all ( :i* l5ds enc\ragem5t to ! collector & new ze/ to 8 traditional delight 9 ! 8hunt40 ,^u fir/ ?\ght1 a collection ( desks might seem l a ma/odonian assemblage4 ,s x w\ld be if ! collector plac$ !m all 9 a r[ or all 9 a s+le room6 ,b ! h\se ( to-day c accommodate--inde$1 f9ds necess>y--m ?an a s+le desk 9 its furni%+s4 ,& s ! collector ( old furniture has ano!r impetus 9 8 se>*1 a utilit>ian "o4 ,"u ! t]m 8desk0 we may include ! v>i\s escritoires1 bureau-bookcases & ! secrtaires4 ,all ( ^!1 9 common ) our cab9ets1 tall-boys1 & s on1 _h _! orig9 9 ! *e/ or c(f] ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,to ! bottom ( ! *e/ came to be add$ a draw]4 ,next1 side doors in/ead ( a top lid came into fa%ion1 & 9 ?is mann] foll[$ ! _m /eps t l$ to ! developm5t ( ! piece ( furniture we designate1 = conv5i5ce1 ! desk4 ,x is n possible to tell j :5 ! e>lie/ desks 7 made4 ,! desk is a composite affair1 comb9+ a cab9et1 a bureau1 draw]s1 & a writ+-table4 ,9 ,ghirl&aio's pa9t+ 8,sa9t ,j]ome 9 ,8 ,/udy0--a "w ( ab\t #adhj1 f\nd 9 ! collection ( ! ,ognissanti 9 ,flor5ce--we see depict$ a portable desk ( ! 8s*oolma/]0 type2 & ano!r pa9t+ ( ! same p]iod & 9 ! same collection1 ! 8,/4 ,augu/9e0 by ,s&ro ,botticelli1 depicts a desk ) draw]s4 ,9 o!r pa9t+s by ! old ma/]s1 & 9 v e>ly engrav+s1 we see del9eat$ ! v>i\s pieces ( furniture 9 contempor>y use design$ = writ+ purposes1 z well z o!rs = ! acc\nt-keep]4 ,all sugge/ to u ! probable units :i* comb9$ to produce ! escritoire & ! secrtaire ( lat] c5turies1 & l5d int]e/ to ! collector's en?usiasm = se>*+ out pieces ( ! sort4 ,:5 liv+ 0 s mu* less complex 9 ! matt] ( dome/ic do+s ?an x is 9 our own "t1 !re 0 f> less ne$ ( su* objects z desks4 ,:ole families1 ev5 ( ! prosp]\s classes1 c\ld get along )\t !m v well4 ,y\r ,mona ,lisa ( ! ,r5aissance c\ld h c>ri$ h] h\sehold acc\nts 9 h] head1 & probably did1 :ile ! h\sewife ( ! ,nor!rn c\ntries _h little use = a place to keep quires or reams ( correspond5ce pap]4 ,nor _h !y1 9 all probability1 ent]$ into ! sph]e ( fem99e pr[ess 9 home-bank+ matt]s t made necess>y a writ+-bureau sacr$ to p]sonal comm&4 ,! f9e/ examples ( ! craft ( ! old ma/] cab9et-mak]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury & ! eighte5? 7 orig9ally produc$ = weal?y patrons :o paid well = ! ma/]'s skill4 ,:ile su* pieces mu/ naturally be beyond ! rea* ( ! collector ( mod]ate means--except 9 r>e in/ances :]e complete ignorance ( _! value is comb9$ ) a desire to "p ) !m--!y are /ill always int]e/+ to note1 & _m ( !m h be5 reproduc$ ) wond]ful skill by "s ( ! lead+ ma/]s ( ! craft ( furniture-mak+ to-day4 ,( c\rse1 no reputable deal] w attempt to pass (f a mod]n copy ( any?+ z an orig9al4 ,at ! same "t1 "o may take great pleasure 9 acquir+ a truly f9e copy ( a ,que5 ,anne secrtaire or a ,hepple:ite bureau1 if x is kn[+ly pur*as$ z a copy1 :]eas if deception is practis$1 ! result mu/ be a disappo9tm5t & disc\ragem5t to ! own]1 h[ev] f9e ! piece4 ,un=tunately1 all deal]s are n reliable & occasionally fraud is p]petrat$ 9 connection ) antique furniture4 ,ev5 ! metal trimm+s--knobs1 h&les1 etc4--are giv5 ! appe>ance ( antiquity by all sorts ( devices at ! comm& ( skilful craftsm5 :o produce worm-holes ) buck-%ot1 antiquity ) acids1 & a worn appe>ance ) friction4 ,! g5]al furniture-collector is n likely to come across any?+ 9 ! way ( a f9d 9 a desk ( ! ,r5aissance1 sev5te5?-c5tury1 or ev5 e>ly eighte5?-c5tury ,italian p]iods2 nor is he be likely to meet ) ! f9] pieces ( o!r e>ly cont95tal furniture1 z ne>ly all ( ^!1 if n 9 public or great private collections already1 w\ld be ju/ly held at a v high price by deal]s into ^: /ock su* pieces might come4 ,h[ev]1 !re are frequ5t public sales ( old =eign h\sehold furni%+s1 & great b>ga9s may1 inde$1 be met ) at ^!4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! collector mu/ cultivate al]tness1 decision1 & intuition = opportunities to buy--& once 9 a :ile to sell1 too6 ,to ! ,european ! "n bureau1 f its ,fr5* d]ivation1 is und]/ood to be associat$ ) writ+4 ,9 ,am]ica we connect ! t]m ) a piece ( furniture design$ to hold articles ( clo?+ 9 its v>i\s draw]s4 ,x 0 some:]e ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury t ! draw] 0 add$ to ! l[] "p ( ! *e/4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury fur!r draw] capacity 0 develop$1 & by ! beg9n+ ( ! next we f9d ! complete *e/ ( draw]s 9 use4 ,9 view ( ?is we %all n expect to f9d ,jacobean desks1 ?\gh we may f9d cab9ets = writ+-mat]ials & docum5ts & ev5 occasional desk-l pieces4 ,9 ! ,william & ,m>y p]iod 7#afhh-agjb7 cab9ets1 secrtaires1 & bureaus came rapidly into use4 ,simplicity & an unobtrusive elegance m>k$ ! designs ( ?is p]iod4 ,! desks display$ di/9ct *>act]i/ics :i* diff]5tiate sev]al gr\ps4 ,9 ! fir/ division may be plac$ ! cab9et ) bracket 7/raight7 feet or bun feet2 a :ole front flap1 :i* :5 let d[n display$ ! draw]s & ! pigeonholes2 a top ei!r s+le-hood$ or /raight ) ovolo frieze4 ,9 ! second division we h ! bureau-desk ) its slant-top desk-plane4 ,"h we f9d ! tall] desk /yles1 sometimes ) d\ble-hood$ tops1 ) or )\t vase-%ap$ f9ials4 ,! ?ird division includes ! n>r[ slant-top desks on cup-turn$ legs1 flat /ret*]s1 & bun feet4 ,! knee-hole desks 7desks ) ! c5t] portion arrang$ to p]mit ! knees ( ! writ] to g bel[ ! desk-plane7 con/itute ! f\r? division1 :ile a fif? sort ( desk _h gate-legs brac$ by s]p5t9e flat /ret*]s4 ,! two c5t] legs 7!re 7 six 9 all71 pull$ out z a support = ! desk-flap :5 its plane 0 let d[n4 ,9 ! ,william & ,m>y p]iod & 9 ! ,que5 ,anne p]iod succe$+1 ! middle classes _h come to a /ate ( education undream$ ( 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?4 ,lett]-writ+1 pamphlet-writ+1 & di>y entries occupi$ _m h\rs ( ! day & _m c&le-lit ones z well4 ,?is scriptorial activity call$ = m accessories ?an _h be5 ne$$ e>li]4 ,^! newly devis$ bureau-desks comb9$ solidity & dignity4 ,!y 7 di/9ctly ar*itectural 9 design1 ) _! mold+s1 cornices1 & brok5 p$im5ts4 ,bomb fronts came 9 ) ! ,dut* influ5ce4 ,walnut 0 ! favorite wood employ$1 ei!r solid or z a v5e] = ! wood bases4 ,! furniture-mak]s ( ! "t ( ,george ,i 7 beg9n+ to f9d a dem&1 & to supply x1 = writ+-tables ) ti]s ( draw]s at ea* side ( ! knee-hole4 ,f ab\t #agbj mahogany ent]$ into furniture-mak+ ext5sively4 ,its use by ! ,am]ican furniture-mak]s 9 ! colonies 0 co9cid5t )1 & possibly ant$at$1 lacqu]1 :i* _h be5 ! rage & z a fa%ionable fad cont9u$ to hold ! popul> favor4 ,( c\rse1 no writ+-furniture is m eag]ly s\ght ?an t ( ,*ipp5dale4 ,!re 7 ! writ+-tables ) bomb fronts1 ! bureaus1 /&+ on legs t support$ l[ bases1 ! bureau-bookcase /yle ( desk 7bureau-desk71 ! slant-top secrtaires1 etc4 ,9 ,am]ican desks ( ! p]iod we f9d ! block-front to h be5 v popul>4 ,! writ+-furniture ( ! bro!rs ,adam exhibit$ ! orig9ality & excell5ce common to _! o!r articles4 ,!y introduc$ ! m g5]al use ( sat9wood & o!rs ( ! light]-color$ woods1 & a cont\r ( l9e 9 design t /ruck a new note4 ,pa9t$ ornam5t1 too1 0 us$ by !m m ext5sively ?an ev] be=e x _h be5 us$ 9 ,engli% furniture4 ,) ! furniture ( ,hepple:ite we f9d ! ?ree section bookcase desk 9 vogue1 & ! pull-ov] top 7tamb\r7 :i* 0 ance/or to ! mod]n roll-top4 ,! ,hepple:ite desks are 9 great v>iety & ( mu* beauty & practical utility z well4 ,%]aton includ$ 9 8 desks all ! =ms br\ght into fa%ion by ,hepple:ite or modifi$ by him4 ,all ^! v>i\s p]iods 7 reflect$ 9 ,am]ican desks1 "s ( !m ) local modifications & v>iations4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,*elsea ,old ,*elsea--) :at associations is ! "n end[$6 ,hi!r came ! wits--,smollett1 ,/eele1 ,swift1 ,horace ,walpole1 & o!rs ( ! monde4 ,^? 7 ! days :5 ,*elsea 0 /ill a village ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 boa/+ ( ,ranelagh & its gaieties on ! "o h&1 & ,cremorne ,g>d5s on ! o!r4 ,"h 0 ! manor ,h5ry ,,viii _h giv5 to ,ca!r9e ,p>r :5 ,*elsea 0 completely rural2 9 ,walpole's "t x 0 j beg9n+ to be truly suburban1 :ile n[ x is s integral a "p ( ,london t x might long ago h _h its id5tity swall[$ up b = ! p]petuation ( its lit]>y1 arti/ic1 & hi/orical atmosph]e by ,c>lyle & 8 circle & by ,:i/l] & 84 ,! fifte5 ye>s f #agej to #agfe compris$ ! p]iod ( old ,*elsea's social heyday1 ?\gh ! aft]ma? 0 n )\t its di/9ctly brilliant ?\gh some:at irascible fla%es4 ,^! 7 ye>s dem&+ f9e ?+s = ! fa%ionables4 ,horace ,walpole & o!rs _h /irr$ up ! passion = *9aw>e & ! ,engli% porcela9 & pott]y-manufactur]s 7 kept busy n only to supply ! dem& b to meet ! exact+ quality ( t dem&1 :i* call$ = p]fection 9 fabrique4 ,) ?is 9 m9d x is n at all /range t "s ent]pris+ pott] ) a provid5t eye to bus9ess %\ld h decid$ on e/abli%+ a porcela9 factory at ,*elsea4 ,j :5 ?is v5ture 0 e/abli%$1 hi/ory has neglect$ to disclose1 b x mu/ h be5 some:]e ar\nd #agdj4 ,we d "k t ! ,*elsea porcela9-works 7 already celebrat$ = _! w>es 9 #agde4 ,"s /ud5ts ( c]amics believe a v e>ly date %\ld be assign$ to ,*elsea productions4 ,x is ev5 possible t porcela9 0 be+ made 9 ! village z e>ly z #afhb1 ! ye> 9 :i* 0 begun ! old hospital = invalid soldi]s1 design$ by ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr54 ,( c\rse z ,ori5tal porcela9 _h be5 introduc$ into ,engl& "s fifty ye>s be=e t--9 #afca1 to be exact--x is likely en\gh t works = ! purpose ( imitat+ x 7 e/abli%$ 9 ,*elsea4 ,horace ,walpole made note ( v e>ly 8specim5s ( ,*elsea blue-&-:ite40 ,p]haps ^! 7 ! sort ( crude porcela9 :i* ,dr4 ,m>t9 ,li/] ref]r$ to 9 an acc\nt ( 8 visit to ,france1 9 #afie1 :]e9 he m5tions ! sup]iority ( ! 8,pott]ie ( ,/4 ,cl\0 ov] ! 8gomroon w>e0 ( ,engl&1 al?\gh he obs]ves t ! ,engli% 7 8bett] ma/]s ( ! art ( pa9t+ ?an ! ,*9eses10 a /atem5t t might h appli$ to ,*elsea porcela9s ( ! gomroon1 or imitation ,ori5tal g5re1 productions p]haps ant$at+ ! native ,engli% developm5t 9 decoration4 ,! ,fr5* manufactur]s ( #agde _h become conc]n$ ov] ! /rides tak5 by ! ,engli% pott]s & !y petition$1 accord+ly1 = ! privilege ( e/abli%+ a s(t-porcela9 factory at ,v9c5nes1 compla9+ ( ! competition ( ,engli% w>es ( ,*elsea4 ,su* e>ly porcela9s z are extant & ascrib$ to a p]iod coeval ) t ( ! porcela9 ( ,/4 ,cl\d exhibit clums9ess & lack ( f9i%4 ,already ! village ( ,*elsea _h become well kn[n 9 ! indu/rial _w ?r\gh its glass manufactory e/abli%$ !re by ,v5etian glass-work]s "u ! patronage ( ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham1 9 #afgf4 ,x may be t ! ,*elsea pott]y 0 evolv$ z an outcome ( ?is exp]im5t1 an exp]im5t s successful t ,el]s jo9$ x 9 #agbj4 ,! e>ly bits ( ,*elsea 71 almo/ entirely1 copies ( ,ori5tal w>es & ma9ly decorat$ ) ,*9ese designs4 ,que5 ,anne does n appe> to h bo!r$ h] head p>ticul>ly ab\t ! ,*elsea porcela94 ,! ,hanov]ian ,georges paid m att5tion to x4 ,9 _! m9ds porcela9 0 too intimately connect$ ) ! table to escape royal patronage4 ,george ,,ii especially enc\rag$ ! manufactory at ,*elsea4 ,fr$]ick ,,ii _h e>ly borr[$ & tak5 f ,france ! art ( porcela9-mak+ & _h initiat$ 8 sev]al hundr$ pr9ces 9 ! my/]ies ( its allurem5ts4 ,naturally ! ,hanov]ians 7 int]e/$ & ,george ,,ii _h ev]y?+1 f models to workm51 br\ght ov] 9 ! hope ( rival+ ! w>es ( ,svres & ( ,dresd54 ,! ,duke ( ,cumb]l& took an especial int]e/ 9 ! ,*elsea factory & made x an annual all[ance4 ,soon ! fame ( ,*elsea porcela9 _h become s great t ! dem& 0 f> 9 excess ( ! supply & ! prices so>$ accord+ly4 ,9 #agfe contempor>y ref]5ce in=ms u t ! *9a ( ,*elsea 0 9 su* repute 8z to be sold by auction1 & z a set 0 pur*as$ z soon z bak$1 deal]s 7 surr\nd+ ! doors = t purpose4 ,watk9s 9 8 8,life ( ,que5 ,*>lotte0 writes3 ,!re are sev]al rooms 9 ,buck+ham ,palace full ( curiosities & valuable moveables1 b n rang$ 9 prop] ord]4 ,among o!r ?+s1 ,i beheld ) admiration a complete s]vice ( ,*elsea *9a1 ri* & beautiful 9 fancy beyond expression4 ,i really nev] saw any ,dresd5 ne> s f9e4 ,h] ,maje/y made a pres5t ( ?is *oice collection to ! duke1 h] bro!r1 a pres5t wor?y ( s great a pr9ce4 ,inde$1 ,horace ,walpole1 9 writ+ to ,sir ,horace ,mann 9 #agfc1 _h said3 ,i saw ye/]day a magnific5t s]vice ( ,*elsea *9a1 :i* ! ,k+ & ,que5 are s5d+ to ! ,duke ( ,meckl5burg4 ,!re are di%es & plates )\t numb]1 an ep]gne1 c&le/ick1 saltcell>s1 sauceboats1 tea & c(fee equipage4 ,9 %ort1 x is complete1 & co/ #a1bjj4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l& & t ( ! director ( ! works1 ,ni*olas ,sprimont1 ! porcela9 ( ,*elsea decl9$4 ,grosley's 8,t\r to ,london10 z we h x 9 ,nug5t's translation1 not$ ?is4 ,apropos ( e>!nw>e he wrote3 ,! manufactur]s ( ?is sort lately set on foot 9 ! neighborhood ( ,london h n be5 able to /& _! gr\nd4 ,t at ,*elsea1 ! mo/ important ( all1 0 j fall5 :5 ,i arriv$ at t capital4 ,! la/ proprietors _h plead$ 9 va9 = fur!r /ate protection1 b x 0 n =?com+4 ,x clos$ its doors1 :ile ! models1 mat]ials1 etc41 7 c>t$ (f to ,d]by1 foll[$ by ! =lorn workm5 :o witness$ ! dissolution4 ,9 ,smi?'s 8,life ( ,nollek5s0 we f9d ! foll[+ ref]5ce to ! porcela9 ( ,*elsea3 ,! factory /ood j bel[ ! bridge ^u ! sight ( ,"l ,d>t]y's h\se4 8,my fa!r work$ = !m at "o "t10 said ,nollek5s4 8,yes10 repli$ ,betew1 8& ,sir ,james ,?ornhill design$ = !m4 ,mr4 ,walpole has at ,/rawb]ry ,hill half-a-doz5 *9a plates by ,sir ,james :i* he b\ght at ,mr4 ,hog>?'s sale4 ,paul ,f]g pa9t$ = !m4 ,! cunn+ rogues produc$ v :ite & delicate w>e1 b !n !y _h _! clay f ,*9a1 :i* :5 ! ,*9ese f\nd out1 !y w\ld n let ! capta9s h any m = balla/1 & ! consequ5ce 0 t ! :ole conc]n fail$40 ,nev]!less1 al?\gh decorat$ by ,sir ,james ,?ornhill1 ^! plates 7 probably ( ,dut* fabrique1 & n ,*elsea4 ,we le>n f ,faulkn]'s 8,hi/ory ( ,*elsea0 t ,dr4 ,johnson 8conceiv$ ! notion t he 0 capable ( improv+ ! manufacture ( *9a4 ,he ev5 appli$ to ! directors ( ! ,*elsea ,*9a ,works1 & 0 all[$ to bake 8 compositions 9 _! ov5s 9 ,lawr5ce ,/reet1 ,*elsea4 ,he 0 accord+ly accu/om$ to g d[n ) 8 h\se-keep]1 ab\t twice a week1 & /ay$ ! :ole day1 %e c>ry+ a basket ( provisions ) h]40 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,a ,pair ( ,c&le/icks & a ,vase1 ,*elsea1 #ah? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,cab9et ,inset ) ,w$gwood ,jasp] ,w>e ,m$allions ,"o c\ld h>dly imag9e ! good doctor's adv5tur+ )\t ! provisions6 ,b alas6 ! doctor's mixtures all yield$ to ! int5sity ( ! heat1 :ile ! clays prep>$ by ! company came =? irritat+ly :ole4 ,faulkn] says3 ,! ,doctor retir$ 9 disgu/1 b n 9 despair1 = he aft]w>ds gave a diss]tation on ?is v subject 9 8 works2 b ! ov]se] 7:o 0 /ill liv+ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahad7 assur$ ,mr4 ,/eph5s t he 7! ov]se]7 0 /ill ignorant ( ! nature ( ! op]ation4 ,he seem$ to ?9k t ! ,doctor imag9$ "o s+le sub/ance 0 suffici5t1 :ile he1 on ! o!r h&1 ass]t$ t he always us$ sixte52 & he mu/ h _h "s practice1 z he _h ne>ly lo/ 8 eyesight by fir+ bat*es ( ,*9e1 ,*elsea1 & ,d]by1 to :i* ! manufacture 0 aft]w>d c>ri$4 ,! collector ( old ,*elsea w f9d x r>e inde$4 ,b z ) s _m ?+s wor? :ile1 an occasional f9d w cause ?rills ( a quality sc>cely to be comp>$ ) ! ord9>y excitem5t ( com+ ^u a bit ( common] w>e4 ,z ! ,*elsea porcela9 0 ( v s(t pa/e1 ! pieces d n )/& refir+1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* x is n r$ecorat$ or pat*$ up z (t5 is ! case ) _m w>es4 ,! color *>m ( old ,*elsea is v def9ite4 ,:]e1 = in/ance1 9 any o!r porcela9s1 w "o f9d j its own peculi> cl>et color8 ,! e>lie/ =ms 7 ,ori5tal1 und\bt$ly1 b ! e>ly =ms ( ,*elsea )9 ! p]iod ( its hi/ory :i* is cle> to u 7 ,fr5*4 ,"u ! ,georges1 ,dresd5 ex]t$ its influ5ce 9 =m1 color1 & decoration4 ,i h se5 pieces ( ,*elsea t appe>$ comp>able ) ,royal ,svres1 ^: influ5ce 0 s di/9ctly 9 evid5ce f #agej to #agfe4 ,especially f9e are ! pieces :i* be> ! l&scape decorations pa9t$ by ,beaumont4 ,! ,*elsea figure pieces began to appe> ab\t #agej1 at lea/ ! e>lie/ m5tion ( !m extant is dat$ ab\t t "t4 ,:ile !y 7 influ5c$ by ! ,dresd5 & by ,fr5* figur9es1 !y develop$ qualities ( _! own & _! great] naturalness & fre$om f affectation at once l5ds !m an unmi/akable di/9ction4 ,n only 7 g5tle %eph]ds1 demure %eph]desses1 & swa9s & swee!>ts model$ 9 old ,*elsea porcela91 b portrait bu/s z well came into fa%ion4 ,field-,m>%al ,conway1 ,walpole's fri5d1 & o!rs intimate ) ! ma/] ( ,/rawb]ry ,hill 8sat0 to ,*elsea4 ,! ,george ,,ii portrait bu/ is "o ( ! be/ ( ! s]ies4 ,! e>ly figure pieces 7 usually ungild$4 ,on ^? t 7 gild$ ! gilt 0 sp>+ly us$4 ,) ! adv5t ( #agfj gorge\s color+ & a lavi% use ( gild+ came into play4 ,sc5t-bottles1 cane-h&les1 knife-& =k-h&les1 breloques1 bonbonnires1 & pat*-boxes are a few ( ! _m ?+s to :i* ,*elsea porcela9 l5t itself4 ,z to ! texture ( ! w>e1 x has already be5 said t all g5u9e ,*elsea is ( v s(t pa/e1 requir+ all decoration to be done at "o "t1 z x c\ld n )/& a second fir+4 ,9 body x is unev51 ! pa/e hav+ ! effect ( poor mix+1 z "o w see by hold+ a piece ( ,*elsea to ! light1 :5 ! spots c be detect$4 ,! glaze ( ! e>lie/ pieces is ?ick & 0 appli$ unev5ly4 ,ne>ly all bits ( ,*elsea porcela9 display /ilt m>ks4 ,a crudely drawn triangle m>ks ! ,*elsea w>e ( ! #agde-agea p]iod4 ,f #agdi to #agec inclusive we f9d ! emboss$ an*or1 a rais$ an*or ^u an emboss$ oval4 ,!n foll[$1 ?r\gh #agei1 ! an*or m>k 9 r$ or gold pa9t$ on ! glaze4 ,sometimes ,*elsea pieces 7 m>k$ ) two an*ors4 ,:5 ! ,d]by ,works acquir$ ! ,*elsea manufactory & cont9u$ ! ,*elsea porcela9 = a :ile1 ! m>k us$ 0 a comb9ation capital lett] ,d & an an*or4 ,f #aggc to #aghd ! m>k 0 a cr[n ov] an an*or1 or a cr[n ov] a ,d1 & a comb9ation ,d & an*or4 ,9 ! e>ly pieces1 :i* 7 copies ( ,ori5tal ones1 v>i\s pseudo-ori5tal m>ks 7 us$ at ,*elsea1 b ne>ly all introduce an an*or-l m>k4 ,?is an*or 0 probably sugge/$ by "s e>ly ,v5etian workman 9 ,*elsea's fir/ porcela9 manufactory4 ,f9e ,*elsea is r>e en\gh to lead "o to consid] a few good pieces1 ev5 f\r or five1 a 8collection40 ,b :e!r or n "o is a collector1 e lov] ( beautiful porcela9 %\ld "k some?+ ( ,*elsea's int]e/+ /ory4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,w$gwood ,! m5tion ( ! "n ,w$gwood naturally sugge/s to ! g5]al read] ^? blue-&-:ite pieces :i* made fam\s ,engl&'s greate/ pott]--,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,we picture to ourselves ! beautiful vases1 fl[]-hold]s1 j>d9ires1 tea-pots1 cups & sauc]s1 cream-ew]s1 & ! l1 & are n aw>e1 p]haps1 t _m o!r ornam5tal uses 7 s]v$ by jasp] w>e 7z ,w$gwood call$ ?is c]amic product71 n only 9 ! blue-&-:ite1 b 9 yell[-&-:ite1 gre5-&-:ite1 lilac-&-:ite1 p9k-&-:ite1 & also 9 "s sev5 solid body colors4 ,among ^! ! small cameos 9 jasp]1 design$ ma9ly = sett+s ( jewelry1 & ! cameo m$allions & cameo plaquettes are ( p>ticul> int]e/ to ! collector ( ,engli% e>!nw>e4 ,:ile ! cameos 7 ma9ly ( ! blue-&-:ite jasp]1 !re 7 also ^? 9 o!r colors & :ite4 ,! same is true ( ! l>g] cameo m$allions & cameo plaquettes1 ?\gh ! color pieces1 o!r ?an ! blue-&-:ite1 are ( great r>ity4 ,! cameo m$allions _h great vogue = ornam5tal decorative purposes4 ,jewel-boxes1 writ+-cases1 furniture1 etc41 7 decorat$ ) !m4 ,an example ( ! sort is a draw]-&-*e/ cab9et 9 ! collections ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 ,new ,york4 ,9 ?is in/ance bo? small cameos & l>g] cameo m$allions 7 employ$ 9 ! decoration4 ,! cameo m$allions & ! cameo plaquettes 7 also 9 great dem& = ar*itectural embelli%m5ts1 = sett+ 9 mantels1 ov]-mantels1 door-cas+s1 door furniture1 etc4 ,! small cameos rang$ 9 size f "o f\r? to two & a half in*es 9 diamet]4 ,josiah ,w$gwood's g5ius produc$ _m useful & ornam5tal w>es1 among !m cream w>e 7#agfa7 call$ ,que5's w>e f #agfe2 :ite /onew>e 7#agei72 black basalt w>e 7#agff72 f9e :ite w>e 7#aggc-agge72 jasp] w>e 7#agge-agie72 rosso-antico w>e 7#aggf72 pe>l-lu/re w>e 7#aggf-aggi71 & cane-color$ jasp] w>e 7#aghg74 ,9 p]fection & f95ess ! v>i\s color$ jasp] w>es l$ !m all1 & ! jasp] cameos 7 h>dly surpass$ by o!r pieces 9 ?is clay4 ,z ! old firm f\nd$ by ,josiah ,w$gwood has cont9u$ 9 bus9ess un9t]rupt$ly f ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! rec5tly reviv$ mod]n ,w$gwood cameos :i* h appe>$ 9 "s ( ! mo/ attractive rec5t jewelry awak5 ev5 a great] int]e/ on ! "p ( ! collector 9 ! /udy ( ! old pieces4 ,beautiful z are ! cameos ( mod]n ,w$gwood jasp]1 ^? ( ,josiah's own p]iod 7#agge-agie7 c readily be di/+ui%$1 n only because ( ! some:at less s(t-to-!-feel surface b also because all =eign w>es import$ s9ce #ahia are requir$ by ! t>iff law to be pla9ly m>k$ ) ! designation ( ! c\ntry ( _! manufacture4 ,josiah ,w$gwood probably 0 inspir$ to exp]im5t ) 8 cameos & cameo m$allions & plaquettes ?r\gh hav+ come 9 contact ) ,james ,tassie1 celebrat$ = 8 copies ( engrav$ gems 9 sulphur & 9 vitre\s compositions1 "s ( :i* ,josiah _h pur*as$ 9 #agfi4 ,8 f]tile bra9 set to "w on ! problem ( creat+ cameo productions f 8 own c]amic mat]ials4 ,aft] surm\nt+ untold ob/acles ,w$gwood f9ally a*iev$ complete success 9 8 und]tak+4 ,imm$iately !re 0 a great dem& = ! cameos1 by ! manufactur+ jewel]s ( ,birm+ham & ,%effield 7:o employ$ su* arti/s to m\nt !m z ,b\lton & ,watt71 & else:]e4 ,! m\nt+s 7 ( gold1 ( silv]1 & ( cut /eel4 ,^! la/ m\nt+s 7 ! mo/ 9 dem&4 ,?is jewelry also became mu* s\ght abroad & ! dem& 9 ,am]ica 0 great4 ,! "n cameo 0 fir/ appli$ by ,w$gwood 9 #aggb4 ,ne>ly f\r hundr$ & fifty objects 7 catalogu$ by #aggg4 ,_! be/ p]iod 0 f #aghj to #agie1 #aghg be+ ! ye> :5 ,w$gwood _h completely ma/]$ ! art ( ! jasp] cameos & cameo m$allions4 ,!re 7 !n "o ?\s& & ?irty-two subjects li/$--subjects drawn f ,egyptian my?ology1 ,roman & ,greek my?ology2 sacrifices2 anci5t philosoph]s1 poets1 & orators2 sov]eigns ( ,mac$onia1 ! fabul\s age ( ,greece2 ! ,trojan ,w>2 ,roman hi/ory2 masks1 ,*ima]as2 illu/ri\s mod]ns1 & s on4 ,ev5 orig9ally ! small cameos 7 n *eap 9 price4 ,9 :olesale lots ( t5 "s five %ill+s apiece 0 ask$ = !m by ,w$gwood4 ,un=tunately1 all ! cameo subjects are n n[ to be id5tifi$ completely1 ev5 :]e giv5 9 ! old catalogue1 z no descriptions 7 plac$ on ! subjects sold to ! g5]al public to id5tify !m ) ! catalogue entries4 ,cameos & cameo m$allions & plaquettes 7 made bo? 9 solid jasp] & 9 dip jasp]4 ,! =m] c]amic pa/e 0 color$ cle> ?r\gh1 :ile ! latt] 0 surface-color$ only4 ,w$gwood employ$ "s ( ! mo/ fam\s design]s ( 8 day1 among !m ,john ,flaxman1 ,william ,hackwood1 ,r\billac1 ,james ,tassie1 ,john ,bacon1 ,?omas ,/o?>d1 ,webb]1 ,pacetti1 ,george ,/ubbs1 ,william ,greatback1 ,dava]e1 ,angel9i1 & ,dalmazzoni2 & su* gift$ amateurs z ,lady ,templeton & ,lady ,diana ,beaucl]k drew = him4 ,! small cameos 7 fir$ b once2 ! l>ge cameo m$allions & ! plaquettes 7 giv5 a second fir+4 ,f9e old ,w$gwood is z s(t z sat9 to ! t\*1 & mo/ ( x 0 left ) a dull matt surface1 al?\gh jasp] is capable ( receiv+ a high poli% on ! lapid>y's :eel4 ,:ile "s few pieces ( ,w$gwood 7 n m>k$1 ne>ly all ( x 04 ,! collector %\ld be told t _m imitat$ pieces h borne ! "n spell$ ) an e aft] ! g1 ?us3 ,w$gewood4 ,no g5u9e ,w$gwood1 old or mod]n1 be>s o!r spell+ ( ! "n ?an 8,w$gwood40 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,sav+ ,,! ,,pieces ,old porcela9 & e>!nw>e1 & ev5 old glass1 may be skilfully m5d$ s z almo/ to pass z :ole2 & lo/ p>ts may be 8re/or$0 to a condition t w leave an object n to be a reproa* to "o's collection4 ,( c\rse1 ! collection %\ld entru/ su* m5d+ & re/or+ to ! h& ( an exp]t1 at lea/ :]e brok5 or damag$ pieces are ( p>ticul> r>ity4 ,probably ! fam\s ,portl& ,vase1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is ! mo/ rem>kable example ( m5d+ & re/or+ we "k (4 ,?is celebrat$ vase1 x w be rememb]$1 0 discov]$ 9 a s>cophagus 9 an anci5t tomb n f> f ! ,frascati ,road1 ne> ,rome1 ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,f its fir/ own]s1 aft] its discov]y1 x 0 kn[n z ! ,b>b]9i ,vase until x pass$ f ! h&s ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton 7:o _h pur*as$ x = a ?\s& p\nds7 into ! possession ( ! ,du*ess ( ,portl&4 ,!nce=? x 0 kn[n z ! 8,portl& ,vase40 ,?is vase1 :i* 0 ( a deep1 blue-black glass1 decorat$ ) semi-transluc5t cameo figures ( :ite1 cut 9 relief ^u a d>k gr\nd 9 a truly m>vel\s mann]1 0 "o day da%$ to pieces 9 #ahde by a crank nam$ ,lloyd1 a visitor to ! museum4 ,=tunately ! hundr$s ( fragm5ts 7 imm$iately ga!r$ up & plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! (ficial re/or]1 a ,mr4 ,d\bl$ay1 :o accompli%$ ! rem>kable feat1 aid$ by an engrav+ ( ! vase by ,cipriani & ,b>tolozzi 9 #aghf1 & especially by a rem>kable copy ( ! vase :i* ,josiah ,w$gwood _h made4 ,fifty su* copies 7 orig9ally made = subscrib]s at fifty gu9eas ea*1 & all 7 dispos$ (4 ,^! fir/ copies are among ! r>e/ & lovelie/ examples ( ,w$gwood's w>es4 ,z ! orig9al molds surviv$1 rec5t copies h be5 made1 ) black & also ) d>k-blue gr\nds4 ,:ile ,w$gwood's copies 7 rem>kable c]amic a*ievem5ts1 !y may seem to lack ! intr9sic beauty ( ! orig9al mat]ial1 b !y are pleas+ & f9e 9 !mselves4 ,at ! sale1 9 #aghf1 ( ! antiques & curios collect$ by ! ,du*ess ( ,portl&1 h] son1 !n duke1 0 pres5t 9 ! auction room z a bidd]4 ,w$gwood 0 bidd+ on ! ,portl& ,vase & ! price w5t so>+ up4 ,f9ally ! duke discov]$ t ,w$gwood's sole reason = desir+ ! vase 0 to reproduce x4 ,on condition t he 0 to h "o ( ! copies1 free ( *>ge1 ! duke (f]$ to l5d ,w$gwood ! treasure if ,w$gwood w\ld )draw f ! competition & all[ ! duke to bid x 94 ,! matt] 0 amicably arrang$1 & ! vase 0 h&$ to ,w$gwood = ! purpose /ipulat$4 ,he himself wrote3 ,i _c suffici5tly express my obligation to 8 ,grace1 ! ,duke ( ,portl&1 = 8 entru/+ ?is ine/imable jewel to my c>e1 & cont9u+ x s long--m ?an twelve mon?s--9 my h&s1 )\t :i* x w\ld h be5 impossible to d any tol]ate ju/ice to ?is r>e "w ( art4 ,i h n[ "s reason to flatt] myself ) ! hope ( produc+ 9 a %ort "t a copy :i* w n be unwor?y ! public notice4 ,w$gwood is said to h look$ ^u 8 copy ( ! ,portl& ,vase z 8 ma/]piece4 ,^? :o h be5 =tunate en\gh to see ! orig9al vase 9 ! ,briti% ,museum--:]e1 re/or$1 x is n[ safely gu>d$ 9 ! ,gem ,room--w appreciate h[ mu* c be accompli%$ 9 ! h&s ( a skilful m5d] & re/or]1 & w realize1 too1 ! value ( 8sav+ ! pieces0 :5 accid5t appe>s to h de/roy$ a r>e specim5 ( pott]y1 porcela91 or glass4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,l\ng+ ,,furniture ,%\ld any "o ) a ta/e = antique furniture also f9d int]e/ 9 old-fa%ion$ v]se1 he might "s day come across ,c[p]'s lay :i* elegantly h9ts at ! evolution ( l\ng+-furniture1 culm9at+ 9 ! developm5t ( ! delectable s(a4 ,i suppose few read old ,c[p] n[adays4 ,i myself confess to no prop5sity 9 ?is direction beyond a lik+ = ! ballad ( 8,john ,gilp940 ,poor1 g5tle1 melan*oly ,c[p]1 :o tam$ h>es = div]sion & gave to ,engli% poetry ( ! late eighte5? c5tury a ca/ m e>ne/ & m simple ?an _h come to be its wont be=e 8 p5 express$ 8 gift6 ,b ,c[p]1 mild & quiet ?\gh he 01 _h yet a ke5 s5se ( humor4 ,?is crept into c]ta9 l9es t ! lov] ( antique furniture may enjoy hav+ br\ght to 8 notice3 ,+5i\s fancy1 nev] bett] pleas$ ,?an :5 employ$ to accommodate ! fair1 ,he>d ! sweet moan ) pity & devis$ ,! s(t ,,settee1 "o elb[ at ea* end ,& 9 ! mid/ an elb[1 x receiv$ ,unit$1 yet divid$1 twa9 at once4 ,s sit two k+s ( ,br5t=d on "o ?rone2 ,& s two citiz5s :o take ! air4 ,close pack$ & smil+ 9 a *aise & "o1 ,b relaxation ( ! languid frame1 ,by s(t recumb5cy ( out/ret*$ limbs1 ,0 bliss res]v$ = happi] days2 s sl[ ,! gr[? ( :at is excell5t1 s h>d ,to atta9 p]fection 9 ?is ne!r _w ,?us1 fir/ necessity inv5t$ /ools1 ,conv5i5ce next sugge/$ elb[ *airs1 ,& luxury ! accompli%$ ,,s(a la/4 ,! c\* has an anci5t & classical ance/ry4 ,! ,egyptians1 ! ,greeks1 & ! ,romans utiliz$ x ext5sively4 ,! settee evolv$ f ! d\ble *air--love-seat1 x 0 (t5 call$--:ile ! 8accompli%$0 s(a comb9$1 or 0 suppos$ to comb9e1 all ! advantages & virtues ( c\* & settee1 n omitt+ ! attractiv5ess ( ! love-seat6 ,an und]/&+ ( ^! relation%ip adds n a little to ! int]e/ ( collect+4 ,! collector w n conc]n himself ) ! c\*es ( ! anci5ts1 b w come )9 ! e>ly ,engli% =ms ( ?is article ( furniture4 ,! "n 8day-b$0 0 e>li] us$ = ,engli% c\* furniture ( ! ,jacobean p]iod 7#afjc-afhh74 ,! sev5te5?-c5tury day-b$ all[$ a p]son to recl9e com=tably at full l5g?4 ,x 0 ei!r lac$ or can$ = cu%ion+4 ,at "o end ! head-piece slop$ back4 ,at fir/ ?is head-piece appe>s to h be5 /ation>y1 b no d\bt com=t soon sugge/$ ! lat] movable head-piece--a device m popul> ) ! ,engli% ?an ) ! cont95tal mak]s ( day-b$s or c\*es1 z f> z ,i h be5 able to discov]4 ,9 height ! be/ day-b$s 7 slightly l[] ?an *air seats4 ,! ,jacobean pieces h ! *>act]i/ic c>v$ or turn$ legs4 ,und\bt$ly _m ( ^! c\*es f\nd _! way to ! colonies dur+ ! e>ly p]iod ( ,am]ican hi/ory4 ,capta9 ,william ,t+e 7#afec7 _h inv5tori$ su* a c\*1 & a cane-bottom$ "o belong$ to ! ,bulkelys & is n[ 9 ! ,antiqu>ian ,society1 ,concord1 ,massa*usetts4 ,john ,cotton 7#afeb7 0 ano!r e>ly colonial c\*-own]1 & "o might call att5tion to _m o!rs :o made m5tion ( su* h\sehold objects 9 _! c>efully drawn inv5tories n[ pres]v$ to u by ! v>i\s antiqu>ian societies ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! c\*es ( ! ,william & ,m>y p]iod 7#afhh-agjb7 con=m$ to ! simpl] =ms t succe$$ ! ,jacobean c>v$ furniture4 ,n only ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art #af? ,c5tury ,v5etian ,glass ,cov]$ ,cup1 ,skillfully ,re/or$ by an ,exp]t ,m5d] ,illu/ration3 ,d\ble ,*air-,back ,settee1 ,*ipp5dale1 #agce-agej ,illu/ration3 ,settee1 ,adam ,/yle ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,s(a ( ! ,william & ,m>y ,p]iod 7 ! r>] woods employ$ 9 _! manufacture1 b z ! c\* _h come to be look$ ^u z a necessity 9 ! cottage z well z 9 ! mansion1 ! m ord9>y woods 7 utiliz$ also4 ,_m ( ^! c\*es 7 export$ to ! ,am]ican colonies1 :i*1 9 _! turn copi$ _! =ms & o!rwise adopt$ !m4 ,uphol/]$ c\*es n[ began to come m commonly into use ?an ! e>li] c\*es1 :i* 7 design$ to be fitt$ ) cu%ion$ seats4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ,que5 ,anne 7#agjb-agad7 ! h\ses ( ! ri* 71 z a rule1 beset by ultra-decorative fa%ions & 9 !m luxury 0 express$ 9 mu* ( ! furniture z well z 9 o!r furni%+s4 ,h[ev]1 su* delightful specim5s ( ! walnut furniture ( ! p]iod exi/--simple1 elegant1 & truly beautiful 9 l9e--t we may re/ assur$ t good ta/e 0 enjoy$ 9 ! homes ( ! middle classes4 ,c\*es ( ?is p]iod w !re=e be f\nd to reflect ! extremes4 ,! cabriole leg1 ! lead+ *>act]i/ic ( ,que5 ,anne furniture1 soon made its appe>ance 9 ! c\* support4 ,uphol/]y became m popul> ?an ev]1 z enorm\s quantities ( silks & velvets 7 be+ produc$ dur+ ,anne's reign4 ,*9tzes1 & pr9t$ cottons1 too1 7 9 dem& = c\* cov]s4 ,lacqu]$ c\*es & m>quet]ie c\*es 7 also 9 vogue dur+ ?is reign1 b few ( ^! appe> to h surviv$1 & su* z h are treasur$ accord+ly4 ,ab\t #agbj--two ye>s aft] ,anne's dea?--mahogany came into g5]al use 9 furniture-mak+4 ,cab9et-mak]s lo/ no "t 9 employ+ ?is wood 9 ! mak+ ( c\*es4 ,sev5 ye>s aft] ?is1 ,?omas ,*ipp5dale & 8 fa!r 7 e/abli%$ 9 ,london4 ,9 #agdi ,*ipp5dale op5$ 8 conduit ,/reet %op 9 ! ,longacre section4 ,"h he work$ until 8 removal to ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane4 ,a ye> aft]1 9 #aged1 he br\ght out 8 fam\s book1 8,! ,g5tleman & ,cab9et-,mak]s' ,director40 ,! c\*es 7 be+ supplant$ to great ext5t by ! s(a dur+ ! "t ( ! ,georges1 9 :i* ,*ipp5dale liv$1 b su* c\*es z rema9 %[ ! v>i\s ,*ipp5dale l9es4 ,! bro!rs ,adam 7#afgb-agib71 foll[+ _! ta/e = ,italian ?+s1 & design+ = light] woods & =ms1 gave m att5tion to ! c\*1 p]haps1 ?an ,*ipp5dale _h done4 ,unlike ! ,*ipp5dale c\*es1 ! ,adam c\*es 7 )\t ! end supports4 ,george ,hepple:ite1 :o di$ 9 #aghf1 gave to ,engli% furniture a well-def9$ /yle4 ,! fir/ edition ( 8,! ,cab9et ,mak] & ,uphol/]]'s ,guide0 0 publi%$ by 8 wid[1 ,alice ,hepple:ite1 9 #aghh4 ,hepple:ite1 z _h ! bro!rs ,adam1 came /rongly "u ! influ5ce ( ! classic4 ,hepple:ite c\*es employ an end su* z t :i* uphol/]$ s(as _h sugge/$4 ,!y also receiv$ inspiration f ! ,fr5* furniture ( ! "t4 ,9 8 book ,hepple:ite gives on ,plate ,,xxxii1 8,two designs ( c\*es or :at ! ,fr5* call ,p* ,mortel40 ,x has n be5 my good =tune to come across a ,%]aton c\* 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 ?\gh ,i presume su* 7 made by ,?omas ,%]aton 7#agej-ahjf74 ,8 8,cab9et-mak] & ,uphol/]]'s ,draw+ ,book0 fir/ appe>$ 9 #agia2 b x conc]n$ itself m ) settees ?an ) dwell+ p>ticul>ly on true c\* designs4 ,! c\*es ( ! ,fr5* p]iods--,l\is ,,xiv 7#afdc-agae71 ,l\is ,,xv 7#agae-aggd71 ,l\is ,,xvi 7#aggd-agic71 & ! ,empire 7#agib-ahcj7--;all foll[ ! well-kn[n l9es ( ^! ,l\is ,quatorze1 ,l\is ,qu9ze1 ,l\is ,seize1 & ,empire /yles1 & x w n be necess>y "h to g into detail conc]n+ !m4 ,! ,engli% & ,am]ican cab9et-mak]s ( ! ye>s #agib to #ahcj adapt$ ,fr5* ,empire /yles & z a result produc$ furniture :i* we may designate z ,engli% ,empire or ,am]ican ,empire1 z ! case may be4 ,! settee ( ! ,jacobean p]iod 0 a developm5t ( ! d\ble *air or love-seat4 ,x foll[$ ! g5]al /yles ( ! p]iod 9 legs & /ret*]s4 ,! back usually 0 uphol/]$4 ,x 0 n 9 g5]al use until walnut _h come to sup]s$e oak4 ,= ?is reason ! ,jacobean settees are = great] "p ( walnut4 ,! ,william & ,m>y p]iod settees f\nd ! d\ble *air back 9 favor1 & com=table inde$ 7 ^! settees1 _m ( !m be+ provid$ ) squab cu%ions 9 addition to _! uphol/]$ seats1 backs1 & ends4 ,! ,william & ,m>y settees 7 some:at %ort] ?an ! g5]\sly long settees ( ! ,jacobean p]iod4 ,que5 ,anne settees 7 design$ ) /raight backs1 ^! backs do+ away ) ! d\ble-hoop backs ( ! settees ( ! reign t prec$$ ,anne's4 ,^! backs 7 consid]ably l[]1 &1 z ) ! c\*es1 ! cabriole leg =m$ a di/9ctive *>act]i/ic4 ,9 ! ,que5 ,anne settees ( a lat] "t ! d\ble back )\t uphol/]y came 9 aga94 ,! seats ( ^! settees 7 dep5d$ ^u = occasional use at ! back4 ,*ipp5dale's settees foll[$ ! l9es ( 8 designs = *airs4 ,8 w9d[-seats did likewise4 ,colonel ,w5twor?'s 8,*9ese ,settee0 ( ! ,*ipp5dale /yle is n[ 9 ! ,ladd ,h\se at ,portsm\?1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,v elegant inde$ 7 ! settees & ! w9d[-seats ( ! bro!rs ,adam4 ,bo? co9cid$ 9 l9es ) ,adam *airs4 ,! w9d[-seats1 ?\gh s (t5 foll[+ ,*ipp5dale =ms1 7 a ref9em5t ( ^! latt]4 ,!y 7 support$ by f\r or by six legs1 usually1 ?\gh sev]al w9d[-seats ( ,adam /yle h eight legs4 ,^! settees be> ! *>act]i/ic flut+ on ! front rail4 ,! ,hepple:ite settees are1 = ! mo/ "p1 d\ble backs or triple backs & foll[ 9 design ! *air /yles ( ?is type4 ,a ,hepple:ite settee ( #aghj uphol/]$ 9 silk brocade has ! vase detail 9 ! arm-po/ & ! legs are turn$ & re$$4 ,o!r ,hepple:ite settees 7 cane-seat$ & cu%ion$1 & ) ^! squab cu%ions 7 us$4 ,%]aton himself tells u t cane-"w z appli$ to furniture aga9 came into favor ) cab9et-mak]s ab\t ! ye> #aggc4 ,a v f9e ,%]aton two-back settee pa9t$ ) m$allions by ,angelica ,kauffmann is extant to te/ ! skill ( ! eighte5?-c5tury furniture-mak] 9 ! re9troduction ( ! use ( cane = seat+1 & = ! backs4 ,"s ( ! ,%]aton settees 7 uphol/]$ & "s 7 design$ = cu%ion cov]+s4 ,! settees ( ! v>i\s ,fr5* p]iods foll[$ ! g5]al *air-furniture l9es 9 _! /yles1 z did ! settees ( ! ,engli% & ! ,am]ican ,empire /yles4 8,+5i\s fancy0 n[ br+s u aga9 to ! 8accompli%$ s(a40 ,! settees & love-seats ( ! ,jacobeans1 & ! c\*es t _h long prec$$ ev5 !m1 unit$ 9 ! a*ievem5t t ,c[p] immortalizes & :i* no e>ly ,victorian noveli/ c\ld h disp5s$ ) 9 creat+ 8 8atmosph]e40 ,! s(as ( ,william & ,m>y & ( ,que5 ,anne 7 exp&$ & uphol/]$ settees 9 effect4 ,*ipp5dale devot$ mu* att5tion to ! s(a & came to use roll$-ov] arms 9 ! l>g] "o4 ,sev]al ( ^! are illu/rat$ 9 8 8,g5tleman & ,cab9et-,mak]s' ,director10 already ref]r$ to4 ,plate ,,xxx %[s two su* s(as1 & t on ,plate ,,xxxi is describ$ by him z foll[s3 ,a ,design ( a ,s(a = a gr& ,ap>tm5t1 & w require a great ,c>e 9 ! ,execution1 to make ! sev]al ,p>ts come 9 su* a ,mann]1 t all ! ,ornam5ts jo9 )\t ! lea/ ,fault2 & if ! ,embossm5ts all along are rightly manag$1 & gilt ) burni%$ ,gold1 ! :ole w h a noble ,appe>ance4 ,! ,c>v+ at ! ,toe is ! ,emblem ( ,wat*fulness1 ,assiduity1 & ,re/4 ,! ,pill[s & ,cu%ions mu/ n be omitt$1 ?\gh !y are n 9 ! ,design4 ,! ,dim5sions are n9e ,feet long )\t ! ,scrolls2 ! broade/ ,"p ( ! ,seat1 f ,front to ,back1 two ,feet1 six ,in*es2 ! ,height ( ! ,back f ! ,seat1 ?ree ,feet1 six ,in*es2 & ! ,height ( ! ,seat "o ,foot1 two ,in*es1 )\t ,ca/]s4 ,i w\ld advise workm5 to make a ,model ( x at l>ge1 be=e he beg9s to execute x4 ,! ,adam s(as closely fall 9 ) ! g5]al features ( ! ,adam /yle1 & ! same may be said ( ! s(as ( ,hepple:ite & ,%]aton4 ,hepple:ite 9 8 book tells u t ! dim5sions ( s(as 8%\ld v>y accord+ to ! size ( ! room1 b ! proportion 9 g5]al use is1 l5g? betwe5 #f & #g feet2 dep? ab\t #cj in*es2 heigh? ( ! seat frame #ad in*es2 total 9 ! back1 #c feet #a in*4 ,! woodwork %\ld be ei!r ,mahogany or japann$ to suit ! *airs 9 ! room1 & ! cov]+ mu/ mat* t ( ! *airs40 ,f\r designs ( s(as appe> 9 ,hepple:ite's book4 ,plate #bg !re9 %[s a confidante4 ,( ?is he says3 ,?is piece ( furniture is ( ,fr5* orig91 & is 9 pretty g5]al reque/ = l>ge & spaci\s suites ( ap>tm5ts4 ,an elegant draw+-room ) mod]n furniture is sc>ce complete )\t a confidante2 ! ext5t ( :i* may be ab\t #i feet1 subject to ! same regulations z s(as4 ,?is piece ( furniture is sometimes s con/ruct$ t ! ends take away & leave a regul> s(a2 ! ends may be us$ z ,b>ji] *airs4 ,( ! ,du*esse s(a ,hepple:ite says3 ,?is piece ( furniture is also d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*4 ,two ,b>ji] *airs ( prop] con/ruction1 ) a /ool 9 ! middle1 =m ! ,du*esse1 :i* is allott$ to l>ge & spaci\s ante-rooms2 ! cov]+ may be v>i\s z also ! framework1 & made f six to eight feet long4 ,! /uff+ may be ( ! r\nd mann] z %[n 9 ! draw+1 or l[-/uff$ ) a loose squab or bord]$ cu%ion fitt$ to ea* "p2 ) a duplicate l95 cov] to cov] ! :ole1 or ea* "p sep>ately4 ,confidantes1 s(as & *airs may be /uff$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,9 ! rooms ( ! ,antiqu>ian ,society1 ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 is a s(a :i* once belong$ to ,samuel ,b>ron & :i* %[s mix$ ,hepple:ite & ,%]aton *>act]i/ics4 ,9 ,gir>d ,college1 ,philadelphia1 "o may see a ,%]aton s(a t once belong$ to ,/eph5 ,gir>d1 ! f\nd]4 ,%]aton himself describes "o ( 8 own s(as z foll[s3 ,a s(a done 9 :ite & gold1 or japann$4 ,f\r loose cu%ions are plac$ at ! back4 ,!y s]ve at times = bol/]s1 be+ plac$ aga9/ ! arms to loll aga9/4 ,! seat is /uff$ up 9 front ab\t ?ree in*es high above ! rail1 d5ot$ by ! figure ( a sprig runn+ l5g?wise2 all above t is a squab1 :i* may be tak5 (f occasionally4 ,%]aton also tells ( ! ,turkey s(a 8introduc$ into ! mo/ fa%ionable homes z a novelty1 an inv5tion ( ! ,turki% mode ( sitt+4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 made v l[1 sc>cely exce$+ a foot to ! upp] side ( ! cu%ion4 ,! frame may be made ( bea*1 & mu/ be webb$ & /ra9$ ) canvas to support ! cu%ions40 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to g on dwell+ ^u a subject s ri* 9 lore1 b ,i fe>1 s little /udi$4 ,! au?or has g5]\sly refra9$ f ! h>r[+ m5tion ( hairclo?1 z he imag9es !re is little he c\ld add to a subject t all read]s are probably too famili> ) already4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,%effield ,,plate ,e "o is famili> ) ! "n 8,%effield ,plate10 & _m h a vague idea z to :at1 sup]ficially1 m>ks its di/9ction2 !re are few]1 h[ev]1 :o "k its /ory4 ,x is int]e/+4 ,a few ye>s prior to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury--#agdb is ! g5]ally accept$ date--!re liv$ 9 a little h\se on ,sycamore ,hill 9 ! ,engli% t[n ( ,%effield an +5i\s me*anic1 ,?omas ,bolsov] by "n4 ,8 knife1 :i* _h a h&le made p>tly ( silv] & p>tly ( copp]1 _h be5 brok51 & "o day 9 a leisure mom5t ,bolsov] took x to 8 attic room to repair x at ! little "w-b5* he _h fix$ up !re4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is op]ation an unusual accid5t br\ght ab\t ! fus+ ( ! copp] & silv] p>ts ( ! knife-h&le4 ,to ,bolsov]'s surprise he f\nd ! metals _h coh]$1 =m+ a copp] basis ) a surface ( silv]4 ,to a /upid me*anic ?is w\ld h giv5 rise to no reflection1 or only to futile & pass+ curiosity4 ,to ,bolsov] x at once br\ght ! reflection t a process develop$ by exp]im5t f ! results ( ?is accid5t w\ld be ( def9ite utility4 ,9 view ( ! fact t ! value ( silv] at t "t 0 ?ree times :at x is to-day1 ! discov]y ( a sub/itute = ! solid preci\s metal 0 ( great comm]cial importance4 ,bolsov] 0 a cutl] by trade & /eel-work+ 0 ,%effield's *ief indu/ry4 ,s little silv]-work+ _h be5 attempt$ 9 ! t[n t !re 0 n ev5 an assay (fice !re2 9 fact1 "o 0 n e/abli%$ until "s ?irty ye>s subsequ5t to ,bolsov]'s discov]y & inv5tions4 ,al?\gh ,bolsov] 0 only a /ruggl+ workman1 he _h ! good =tune ( int]e/+ a ,mr4 ,pegge ( ,beau*ief1 :o furni%$ him ) ! capital to set up a manufactory ( articles produc$ by ! new process4 ,buttons1 buckles1 snuff-boxes1 & knife-h&les 7 turn$ out f ! new %ops on ,bak]'s ,hill4 ,?is bus9ess ,bolsov] conduct$ 9 conjunction ) "o1 ,joseph ,wilson4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ,bolsov] 0 probably s conc]n$ ) 8 "w & ! manufacture ( ! small articles m5tion$ t x nev] occurr$ to him t 8 process 0 capable ( great] developm5ts4 ,*ang+ conditions op5 new *annels t are to be anticipat$ only by imag9ative m9ds4 ,bolsov]'s m9d 01 ,i ?9k1 less imag9ative ?an ( a g5]ally intellig5t & practical turn4 ,x 0 suffici5t = him1 9 all probability1 t he _h /umbl$ on mat]ial :i* w\ld replace silv] 9 ! manufacture ( ! small articles t appeal$ to 8 comm]cial in/9ct4 ,! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 a p]iod 9 :i* only ! v well-to-d c\ld af=d articles ( silv] = h\sehold use4 ,! middle class /ill cont5t$ itself ) pewt]4 ,x app>5tly rema9$ = ,joseph ,hancock1 a brazi] :o _h be5 9 ,bolsov]'s employ1 to realize ! possibilities ( ,bolsov]'s copp] roll$-plate process 7z x 0 !n & = a long "t aft]w>d call$71 z a suitable mat]ial = silv]w>e4 ,hancock produc$ tea-pots1 c(fee-pots1 c&le/icks1 tank>ds1 wait]s1 & s on4 ,x may seem /range t nei!r ,bolsov] nor ,hancock foll[$ ! new indu/ry = long4 ,z a/ute bus9ess m51 !y might be expect$ to h anticipat$ ! vogue t ! copp] roll$ plate 0 lat] to enjoy4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i ?9k "o %\ld take into consid]ation ! fact t ! well-to-d ( ! day s\ght no silv] sub/itutes1 & t on ! tables ( ! middle class su* ?+s z ep]gnes1 bread-baskets1 & cake-baskets 7 h>dly to be f\nd be=e #agej1 :ile c(fee-pots & milk-jugs 7 r>e ev5 9 silv]1 & tea-kettles & tea-urns ev5 m s4 ,z ^! v>i\s articles came into m ext5d$ use 9 silv] =m1 !y sugge/$ to ! imm$iate foll[]s ( ,bolsov] & ,hancock ! great] comm]cial field t w\ld op5 to _! manufacture 9 copp] roll$ plate4 ,/ill ! old ,tudor ,lead] firm1 f\nd$ by ,dr4 ,%]burn 9 #ageh & exi/+ till #ahad1 a firm adv]tis+ 8! be/ wr\ght silv] plate10 devot$ mo/ ( its att5tion to ! mak+ ( buttons & snuff-boxes4 ,au?orities g5]ally assign to ab\t #agfj ! e>lie/ table pieces1 except ^? 7& !y 7 v few7 :i* ,hancock produc$4 ,aft] ?is "t ! copp] roll$ plate1 ! manufacture ( :i* ,bolsov] & ,hancock f\nd less remun]ative ?an ! metal roll+ bus9ess !y ent]$1 develop$ rapidly4 ,by #aggd !re 7 "s sixte5 firms engag$ 9 ! holl[-w>e mak+ 9 ,%effield alone1 & ,b\lton _h e/abli%$ a factory = copp] roll$ plate 9 ,birm+ham4 ,we may assume t ,%effield plate1 z ! w>e came to be call$ !n1 became widely popul>1 = ,a%wor?1 ,ellis1 ,wilson1 & ,hawksly op5$ bran*es away f ,%effield--9 ,p>is & 9 ,dubl94 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 _m improvem5ts 9 ,%effield plate1 su* z ! me?od ( prep>+ = & apply+ ! ornam5tal silv] edges :i* 0 "u ! pat5ts ( ,mr4 ,rob]ts ( ,rob]ts ,cadman 9 #ahbd4 ,to ano!r discov]y we may cr$it ! decl9e ( ! f9e copp] roll$ plate aft] #ahdj4 ,x seems t a m$ical /ud5t1 ,wright by "n1 /udy+ ) ,dr4 ,%e>man ( ,ro!rham1 ne> ,%effield1 discov]$ a process ( deposit+ silv] on copp] by electro-decomposition4 ,he sold 8 discov]y to ,messrs4 ,elk+ton 9 ,birm+ham1 :o took out pat5ts1 ,m>* #be1 #ahdj4 ,^? :o h n /udi$ ! matt] usually re/ "u ! impression t ,%effield plate1 z collectors "k x1 is an electroplat$ w>e4 ,on ! contr>y1 al?\gh _m ( ! beautiful orig9al ,%effield-plate =ms h be5 imitat$ 9 electroplat$ articles1 x is n ! latt] t hold a collector's int]e/4 ,moreov]1 ! true ,%effield plate s treasur$ to-day has ! silv] roll$ on copp] & n on nickel or :ite metal4 ,i suppose tons ( ma*9e-made copp] articles1 electroplat$1 pass to-day ) ! unkn[+ z true ,%effield plate4 ,su* ( ^! z imitate ! f9e old =ms t h be5 unsurpass$ are c]ta9ly pref]able to o!r mod]n w>es t lack ! beauty ( =m & ! traditions ( design4 ,h[ev]1 ! electroplat$ w>es %\ld be decl>$ su*1 & %\ld n be fabricat$ to deceive4 ,ano!r po9t is t ! co/ ( mak+ copp] roll$ plate is twice ! co/ ( mak+ electroplate4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 bett] = ! home furni%] to pay twice z mu* = a few excell5t ?+s ?an to h twice z _m inf]ior ones at ! same price4 ,mod]n ,%effield plate--t is to say1 ! roll$ plate ( to-day--is ne>ly all wor? hav+4 ,! old ,%effield patt]n-books & _m ( ! dies = ! =ms surviv$ ! caprici\s =tune t = s _m ye>s l$ ! old] art to give way to ! comm]cial aspect ( electroplate4 ,n[1 electroplat+ does n we> well unless x is done on nickel2 a h>d copp] basis1 moreov]1 enhances ! beauty ( ! silv] coat+1 & br+s out a quality :i* nickel & :ite metal d n4 ,z x 0 n until #aghd t ,p>liam5t repeal$ ! act t prohibit$ m>k+ plat$ w>e1 no ,%effield plate t is g5u9e is f\nd ) a m>k ant$at+ #aghd4 ,f #aghd1 to1 say1 #ahhj1 ,%effield plate may be> m>k & mak]'s "n beside x4 ,! firm ( ,w4 ,gre5 ,co4 0 ! fir/ to h its m>k & "n regi/]$ = ,%effield plate2 ?is 0 ,septemb] #h1 #aghd4 ,h[ev]1 ! collector f9ds pieces be>+ names & m>ks toge!r v r>e4 ,m>ks are g5]ally s inconspicu\sly plac$ z (t5 to be miss$ ev5 :5 !y d occur4 ,c>eful exam9ation is necess>y to discov] !m4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! g5u9e ,%effield-plate metal consi/$ ( silv] & copp] %eets insep>ably jo9$ & press$ out to ! requir$ ?9ness by be+ run cold ?r\gh roll]s4 ,! metal 0 !n cut & %ap$ by h&-hamm]+ into ! =ms desir$4 ,electroplat$ w>e consi/s ( a bas] metal =m already %ap$ be=e be+ coat$ ) silv] 9 galvanic solution4 ,! possessor ( any pieces ( g5u9e ,%effield plate w subject !m to ru9 if he is1 at any "t1 s ill-advis$ z to h !m replat$4 ,su* a r5ovation w utt]ly de/roy ! beauty t intr9sically resides ) ev5 worn pieces ( ,%effield plate t %[ copp] traces4 ,illu/ration3 ,%effield ,plate ,tray & ,spoonhold] ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,%effield ,plate ,teapots & ,c(fee ,pot ,illu/ration3 ,/raw ,m>quet]ie ,box1 ,fr5*1 #ah? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,/raw ,m>quet]ie ,box1 ,engli%1 #ag? ,c5tury ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,/raw ,,m>quet]ie ,on travel+ to ! ,adriatic coa/ "s ye>s ago1 ,i /opp$ = sev]al days 9 a little ,italian t[n n f> f ,ancona4 ,i suppose few visitors h ev] alight$ !re2 at lea/ t is ! impression ,i got f ! pr(use welcome accord$ me at ! primitive alb]go :]e ,i put up4 ,j :y ev5 ! sl[-creep+ tra9s ( ! ,m>*e ev] bo!r$ to /op "h at all ,i h yet to det]m9e4 ,) myself ,i seem to h e/abli%$ a prec$5t4 ,no err& o!r ?an t ( ! _s took me !re4 ,x all happ5$ because1 :5 j\rney+ ea/w>d1 ,i _h ask$ a fell[-travel] :at !re 0 ( int]e/ 9 ?is t[n1 &1 !n1 :y ! tra9 made s %ort a /op4 8,no "o ev] gets out "h10 he expla9$2 8!re is no?+ to see40 ,f t mom5t my curiosity 0 ar\s$1 = exp]i5ce has taught me t ! mo/ int]e/+ places are ^? :i* mo/ p f9d un9t]e/+4 ,"o ( ! ?+s ,i f\nd 9 ?is little t[n w1 p]haps1 de> read]1 int]e/ y1 & s ,i w make m5tion ( x z introduction to my subject4 ,! room to :i* ,i 0 assign$ by my ho/ ( ! inn 01 ,i h reason to believe1 ! *ambre de luxe ( ! c\ntry-side4 ,! high beam$ ceil+ 0 pa9t$ mu* aft] ! mann] ( ! great ceil+ ( ! ,flor5t9e *ur* ( ,san ,m9iato al ,monte1 al?\gh ,i saw no?+ ( x all by ! flick]+ c&le :i* light$ my arrival at ?is m$ieval ho/elry4 ,9 ! morn+ a bur/ ( gold5 sunlight awak5$ me1 & 9 ?r\gh ! w9d[s 0 waft$ ! fragrance ( ! grape fl[]s 9 blossom outside4 ,my sleepy eyes foll[$ ! walls ar\nd4 ,& !n op5$ wide on behold+ a qua9tly fram$ canvas ( beautiful fre%ness1 ! picture ( a gr\p ( sa9ts4 ,jump+ out ( b$ & go+ ov] to inspect ! pa9t+1 ,i obs]v$ on an old m>quet]ie secrtaire :i* /ood j bel[ x an array ( curi\s1 gold5-hu$ objects4 ,on clos] exam9ation ,i f\nd "s to be boxes1 "s jewel-caskets1 o!rs y>n-conta9]s1 :ile ne$le-cases1 frames1 book-cov]s & ! l complet$ ?is odd assemblage ( curi\s antiques4 ,!n ,i discov]$ t !y 7 all examples ( /raw m>quet]ie1 b f9]1 ( !m1 ?an any pieces ( ! sort t ev] be=e _h happ5$ to come to my att5tion4 ,i suppose be+ a collector makes "o a discov]]4 ,at any rate1 a discov]y x 01 & ,i ask$ myself h[ on e>? ^! ?+s happ5$ to be "h4 ,t morn+ my ho/ expla9$4 8,all ^!10 said he1 8,i h be5 collect+ z a hobby = ye>s--?+s made by prison]s ( w>1 int]e/+ & wor? pres]v+4 ,! inlaid /raw objects are b "p ( :at ,i h--ivories1 c>v$ cocoanuts2 jewelry1 pap] models1 embroid]ies1 & s on1 all made by prison]s ( w>1 mo/ly 9 ,italy1 ,i presume1 z ,i h pick$ !m up "h 9 my own c\ntry 9 travel+ ar\nd4 ,i w\ld n "p ) !m = ! _w60 ,?is decl>ation da%$ my hopes to ! gr\nd1 b "o c =give mu* 9 a l&lord :o collects ?+s m spiritual ?an r5t1 & a l&lord 9 ,italy :o 8travels ar\nd0 also comm&s "o's respect = 8 ability to be s indep5d5t4 ,t is :y ,i li/5$ in/ead ( b>ga9+1 & 9 t morn+ ,i le>n$ _m int]e/+ facts ab\t my ho/'s unusual collection4 ,p]haps !re 7 few k9dr$ collect+ s\ls 9 ! neighborhood :o deign$ to li/5 z sympa!tically z ,i did or :o made no effect to conceal an en?usiasm :i* ^! ?+s awak5$ )9 me4 ,at any rate1 ! amiable innkeep] :o w\ld n "p ) 8 treasures = ! _w prov$ f9ally will+ to sell a few ( !m = consid]ably less ?an a hemisph]e1 :i* gave me a *ance to weave tales ( my own 9 ! ye>s t 7 to foll[4 ,dr4 ,john ,eliot ,hodgk91 ,f4,s4,a41 a r5[n$ ,engli% antiqu>ian1 _h a collection ( "s eighty pieces ( /raw m>quet]ie1 a collection exce$$ 9 ext5t at t "t by two ,fr5* collection only4 ,probably n ov] a hundr$ pieces ( /raw m>quet]ie are to be f\nd 9 all ! ,briti% museums comb9$4 ,dr4 ,hodgk9's int]e/+ volumes "u ! title ( 8,r>iora0 are1 un=tunately1 out ( pr9t4 ,9 "o ( ^! he reproduc$ "s ( ! specim5s ( /raw m>quet]ie 9 8 own ext5sive collection1 & ! read] :o wi%es fur!r to int]e/ himself 9 ! subject is ref]r$ to ! pages ( ^? erudite tomes1 :i* he may be =tunate en\gh to f9d on ! %elves ( "s ( ! m important art libr>ies 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ,europe ! e>li] c5turies br\ght into exi/5ce _m small arts ( :i* we h well nigh =gott5 ! v exi/5ce4 ,x 0 ?us ^! /raw m>quet]ie objects ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! sev5te5? & ! eighte5?1 objects ^: =m ( decoration is s r>e z to be almo/ unkn[n to deal]s 9 antiques & curios4 ,inde$1 ,i h fail$ to f9d a s+le specim5 ( e>ly /raw m>quet]ie 9 any %op 9 ,am]ica1 or to discov] any deal] :o really knew any?+ ab\t x4 ,?is decoration1 compos$ ( filam5ts ( color$ :eat5 or oat5 /raw appli$ to small cab9ets1 pictorial panels1 mirror frames1 caskets1 bookb9d+s1 tuis1 bonbonnires1 plaques1 etc41 boa/s ( an e>ly orig94 ,possibly x 0 kn[n 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 b ,i h n f\nd any examples t c ) reasonable precision be attribut$ to a p]iod e>li] ?an ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances ! /raw filam5ts compos+ ! mosaics or m>quet]ie cov]+ ( ! objects 0 highly color$ orig9ally1 b "t has s(t5$ & ton$ !m d[n4 ,! f9e/ specim5s ( ?is "w resemble *isel$ gold1 & ne>ly all examples ( /raw m>quet]ie %[ a play ( light on ! gra9 ( ! fabric t produces ! mo/ exquisite effects imag9able1 :i* "o mu/ see really to appreciate4 ,v crude mod]n ,japanese trays1 boxes1 etc41 are te*nically ak9 to ?is old m>quet]ie1 b are n wor?y to be class$ ) x or plac$ ne> ^! r>e old ,european specim5s4 ,inde$1 ! ,ori5tal arti/-craftsm5 h nev] appe>$ to grasp a full realization ( ! res\rces ( /raw z a mat]ial = produc+ ! exquisite effects to :i* ! e>li] ,european work]s atta9$1 except 9 a few in/ances4 ,?is seems /range1 consid]+ ! +5uity ( ,ori5tal craftsman4 ,! ,european arti/-craftsman appe>s to h develop$ ! art indep5d5tly ( ,ori5tal sugge/ion1 or at lea/ indep5d5tly ( ,ori5tal influ5ce4 ,9 all probability /raw m>quet]ie />t$ 9 a humble way ) ! peasantry4 ,! mat]ials = work+ x out lay at h& )\t co/1 inf9ite pati5ce be+ all t 0 requir$1 ) skill & inh]5t ta/e & a s5se ( design1 :i* peasant art inv>iably exhibits4 ,probably ! e>ly ,italians 7 ! fir/ mak]s ( objects 9 /raw m>quet]ie & ! ,fr5* 7 probably ! next ones to take x up1 borr[+ ! art f ! ,italians4 ,z no /raw-"w ( ?is sort is be+ made 9 ,europe to-day1 "o c b v5ture to guess at ! details ( ! process4 ,su* old volumes z ,b>r['s 8,diction>ium ,polygraphicum10 & ! 8,h&maid ( ! ,arts10 9 :i* "o might reasonably look = "s h9t on ! subject1 are /rangely neglectful ( ! matt]1 :i* leads to ! conclusion t ?\gh /raw m>quet]ie 0 at "o "t "o ( ! fl\ri%+ small arts on ! ,cont95t1 x 0 less g5]ally kn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,9 fact1 ne>ly all ! ,engli% "w ( ! sort dates f ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is an +5i\sly con/ruct$ "w-box ( p9e1 decorat$ on ! outside & ! inside ) color$ /raw-"w arrang$ 9 panels conta9+ *eck]s1 diagonal l9es1 & o!r devices4 ,! front is fitt$ ) a revolv+ %utt]1 beh9d :i* is a panel ornam5t$ 9 ! c5t] ) build+s & fitt$ bel[ ) a small draw]4 ,bel[ ! %utt] is a l>g] draw]1 divid$ into f\r lidd$ comp>tm5ts1 two ( ! lids be+ ( glass2 "u ?is draw] is ano!r small draw]4 ,at ! top ( ! box is a lid fitt$ inside ) a mirror & cov]+ two comp>tm5ts ) h+$ lids4 ,! ^w 8,,hope0 appe>s on bo? ! front & ! back ( ! box4 ,!re are f\r turn$ bone h&les & a loz5ge-%ap$ lock-plate ( ! same mat]ial4 ,9 ! au?or's collection is a cab9et ( /raw m>quet]ie1 measur+ #h in*es 9 height1 #i in*es 9 bread?1 & #d in*es 9 dep?4 ,!re is "o wide1 deep draw] at ! bottom1 above :i* six n>r[]1 %all[] draw]s are plac$ 9 two sections ( ?ree ea*4 ,f ! %ape ( ! h&les1 ! proportion ( ! cab9et1 ! quality ( ! black lacqu] inside f9i% ( ! draw]s1 & ! design ( ! panel across ! bottom1 "o is l$ to conclude t ?is is an uncommon example ( ,japanese workman%ip4 ,a numb] ( small boxes ) figure subjects1 all c>efully & wond]fully work$ out 9 filam5ts ( color$ /raw1 are extant to atte/ to ! durability ( /raw m>quet]ie1 :i* is n ne>ly s fragile z its "n sugge/s x to be4 ,"s ( ^! 7 execut$ by ,fr5* prison]s ( w> z ,norman ,cross 9 #ahaj4 ,f times immemorial1 ,i suppose1 w> prison]s :o h n be5 enslav$ by _! captors b h be5 treat$ )\t b>b>ity h s\ght to enlight5 _! t$ium by v>i\s sorts ( h&icraft1 ex]t+ to ! utmo/ _! +5uity 9 ! matt] ( tools & mat]ials4 ,to-day ! subject is "o ( imm$iate int]e/ to u4 ,already h art objects made by prison]s ( w> int]n$ 9 ,holl& & 9 ,switz]l& rea*$ u4 ,9 "t !y w come to be z treasur$ z ! antiques made by ! prison]s ( w> ( ! ,napoleonic p]iod & ( e>li] times4 ,to catalogue ! v>iety ( su* ?+s w\ld require page aft] page4 ,naturally1 ne>ly all su* objects are 8h&y0 9 size & "o does n look = p>ticul>ly l>ge specim5s ( w> prison]s' art "w4 ,"o beg9s to realize1 aft] visit+ ! convalesc5ts' w>d ( a milit>y hospital1 :at a bless+ to ! soldi] "s k ( an art h&icraft may be4 ,i h se5 sev]al m>vel\s ?+s :ittl$ out ( wood by prison]s ( w>--bone c>v+s1 beadwork1 jewelry--t indicate ! gods5d ! "w mu/ be to ! soldi] prison] deta9$ 9 ! enemy's camp4 ,b ( all ^! objects ,i "k ( none t are m beautiful ?an ^? ( /raw m>quet]ie4 ,i d n "k :]e ! art orig9at$4 ,mr4 ,hodgk9 confess$ to a l hiatus 9 8 k ( ! subject4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h no d\bt t arti/ic /raw inlay+ 0 practis$ 9 ! ,ori5t at a v e>ly date4 ,!nce x may h be5 br\ght into ,europe4 ,i feel sure t x 0 kn[n & practis$ dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy1 & ,i consid] ! old ,italian examples ( ?is craft to be ! e>lie/ ,european ones4 ,?is e>ly ,italian /raw m>quet]ie is di/+ui%$ by its gold5 hues1 sugge/+ ! ri*ness ( ,v5etian pa9t+s4 ,! objects to be cov]$ by ! arti/ 9 /raw 7 ( v>i\s mat]ials1 su* z wood1 pap]1 papi]-ma*1 clo?1 & occasionally glass1 metal1 or bone4 ,! design1 patt]n1 or picture 0 work$ out by pa/+ filam5ts & little sections ( /raw 7/a9$ to v>i\s colors7 on ! surfaces ( ! objects to be cov]$1 :i* 7 !n v>ni%$4 ,! m9ut5ess ( "s ( ?is /raw-"w is extraord9>y4 ,x w\ld seem to h necessitat$ ! use ( a glass ( high magnify+ p[] z well z to h requir$ almo/ sup]-human pati5ce & +5uity to put x toge!r4 ,moreov]1 ^! e>ly pieces 9 /raw m>quet]ie 7 s fai?fully fabricat$ t !y h come d[n to u 9 excell5t condition4 ,i imag9e ! ,fr5* le>n$ ! art ( /raw m>quet]ie f _! ,italian c\s9s4 ,i feel sure t ! ,spani% craftsm5 did4 ,at any rate1 ,fr5* prison]s ( w> h %[n !mselves wond]fully pr(ici5t 9 ?is art 9 ! pa/4 ,! ,fr5* prison]s ( ! ,napoleonic ,w>s :o 7 qu>t]$ 9 ,engl& 7 prolific 9 _! output ( ?is sort4 ,num]\s tea-caddies h ,i se5 f _! h&s1 "h & !re pres]v$ 9 ! cottages ( ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t ,pet]bor\gh4 ,at ne>-by ,norman ,cross 0 "o ( ! *ief camps ( ! ,napoleonic prison]s ( w>4 ,we are told t a regul> m>ket = ! art w>es made by ,fr5* prison]s at ,norman ,cross 0 held daily 9 ! camp4 ,p]? 0 ano!r prison]-(-w> conc5tration c5t] & contempor>y writ]s tell u t ! objects made by ! ,fr5* prison]s !re 7 ( a f9] design & quality ?an l ?+s produc$ by ! ,engli% t[nsm51 9 consequ5ce ( :i* !re 0 brisk m>ket rivalry4 ,at ,d>tmoor1 ,/apleton1 ,liv]pool1 & ,gre5l& ,valleyfield ! ,fr5* w> prison]s exhibit$ _! skill4 ,at ! ,liv]pool prison !y con/ruct$ little /raw m>quet]ie cases to conta9 m9iature %ips & l articles4 ,:at /ories ! objects ( /raw m>quet]ie made by prison]s ( w> c\ld tell c\ld !y b speak6 ,:at sil5t te/imonies ( grit1 pati5ce1 & =titude6 ,b p]haps we may be glad t we d n "k all !y might tell1 = to-day has sorr[ en\gh & we %\ld be grateful t "t has be5 k9d en\gh to leave u j ! beauty & n ! life details ( ^! objects f ! h&s ( ^? :o suff]$ 9 ! ye/]days ( o!r w>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,consoles ,at fir/ ?\ght x w\ld appe> bo? ambiti\s & some:at futile--?is hobby ( collect+ consoles4 ,b t dep5ds on h[ y consid] collect+ 9 g5]al2 on :e!r y realize t y may make a collection ( purely practical objects or ( curios ) unc]ta9 decorative value4 ,= bo? ( ^! are priz$ by ! collector4 ,?us1 "o might n be incl9$ to consid] h\se furni%+s z collections at all4 ,b :5 "s ord] ent]s into _! selection & arrangem5t1 !y virtually become collections1 j z1 on ! o!r h&1 an aggregation ( m$als1 a cab9et ( jade1 or a *e/ ( ,georgian silv] c be made to play a decorative rle 9 ! h\se :5 well plac$4 ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be absurd to expect a cottage to provide ! prop] sett+ = ,l\is ,,xiv consoles1 b j h[ lovely "s ( ! ,adam console tables appe> 9 ! home ( mod]ate aspects c well be und]/ood4 ,! use ( ! t]m console 9 ?is connection has be5 a matt] ( "s dispute4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t x 0 borr[$1 because ( ! bracket supports--z di/+ui%$ f tables ) f\r legs--f ! ,fr5* ar*itectural t]m console1 a bracket support4 ,s9ce ! idea came f ! ,fr5*1 we mu/ expect to f9d "s ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ beautiful consoles 9 ,fr5* p]iod furniture4 ,"s ( ! mo/ notable ones are to be f\nd 9 ! great museums ( ,am]ica4 ,=tunate x is t ^! are available = public /udy2 = _m mod]n furniture-mak]s h be5 able to reproduce ) fidelity ! designs ( ^! wond]ful consoles4 ,collectors1 ( c\rse1 d n prim>ily seek reproductions1 b _m ( ! =emo/ among !m realize t :]e orig9als are n obta9able1 unusually f9e reproductions are to be welcom$4 ,! desirability lies n only 9 age b 9 intr9sic beauty4 ,i = "o believe t mu* pleasure c be _h f ! possession ( f9e reproductions ( c]ta9 ?+s1 consoles among !m4 ,g5u9e antiques are ! ?+s we naturally /rive = fir/ ( all1 & consoles pres5t a field t is1 z yet1 by no means prohibitive1 ev5 = ! mod]ately fill$ purse4 ,to be sure1 ! r>e ,fr5* consoles ( ! e>ly ,l\is p]iods are n to be _h at e turn 7! w> has r5d]$ !m /ill r>]71 b !re are ,engli% consoles & console tables & o!rs by e>ly ,am]ican furniture-mak]s t are surely wor? hunt+ out4 ,_! appropriat5ess to ! s*eme ( ! small h\se comm5ds _! pres]vation & insures a revival ( int]e/ 9 _! mod]n use4 ,virtually all ( ! eighte5?-c5tury furniture-mak]s con/ruct$ console tables4 ,gild$ furniture 9 all its gorge\sness f\nd favor 9 ,engl& %ortly be=e #agbj1 & ! consoles & console tables 7 unusually well adapt$ to f9i% & decoration ( ! sort t sugge/$ ! magnific5ce ( ,l\is ,,xiv &1 lat] on1 ! elegance & ri*ness ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,dur+ ! ,empire p]iod "s 7 elaborately decorat$ 9 :ite & gold4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,napoleonic era1 ! console & ! console table /ill held sway4 ,inde$1 ,i d n ?9k !y h ev] lo/ favor1 & ! la/ few ye>s h se5 a rem>kable increase ( int]e/ 9 bo? furniture =ms on ! "p ( decorators & collectors ( f9e old furniture4 ,moreov]1 ! console has n only int]e/$ b influ5c$ _m ( our pres5t-day ar*itects4 ,! console & ! console table are by no means conf9$ to ! furniture-mak]s ( ,france1 ,great ,brita91 & ,am]ica4 ,we f9d bo? =ms 9 e>ly eighte5?-c5tury ,italian furniture1 & 9 ,spa91 ,au/ria1 ,g]many1 & ,russia "o also comes across types ( consoles t1 dep5d5t z !y ne>ly always are on ,fr5* models1 /ill exhibit occasional v>iations 9 design t l9k !m to ! art traditions ( ! l& ( _! manufacture4 ,=mal ap>tm5ts & ! small] reception rooms ( ! eighte5?-c5tury h\ses ( m or less pret5sion came to feel ! ne$ ( :at "o furniture-lov] aptly call$ 8a table t 0 n a table40 ,9 fact1 ,%]aton insi/$ t 8portables10 z he call$ consoles1 7 indisp5sable 9 ! draw+-room4 ,m>ble %elves ! wid? ( small--& sometimes1 inde$1 ( v l>ge--tables 7 support$ by brackets along ! wall1 br++ ! %elf to ! height ( a table top4 ,9 e>li] examples ! bold florid & exagg]at$ types 9 s(t wood1 c>v$ & gild$1 (t5 c>ri$ decoration to extremes4 ,! consoles f\nd place b5ea? great mirrors &1 occasionally1 b5ea? l>ge pa9t+s1 tape/ries1 & ! l4 ,9 e>ly consoles !re 0 great v>iety 9 _! support+ brackets1 ! motifs ( ornam5t be+ tak5 f fl[]s1 foliage1 p>ts ( ! human =m1 animal & bird =ms1 rococo vag>ies1 & s on4 ,dur+ ! ,empire ! eagle came to be popul>ly employ$ z a console support by ! ,fr5* furniture-design]s ( ! "t4 ,9 ! collection ( ! ,duke ( ,beau=t are a numb] ( ! f9e/ examples ( ! eagle consoles4 ,!re are also "s f9e examples 9 ! /ate d9+-room ( ! ,:ite ,h\se4 ,be=e long ! e>lie/ =ms ( console supports gave way to m ext5sive supports & f9ally ^! rea*$ ! floor1 z 9 ^? consoles :i* h ! cabriole =m ( support4 ,sidebo>ds 7 unkn[n dur+ ! fir/ "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b :5 ! console table 0 introduc$ into ,engl&1 x rapidly develop$ f ! ,fr5* idea ( ! luxuri\s console = ornam5t's sake into ! g5]\s console table = utility's sake1 :i* we soon f9d 9 ! ,engli% d9+-rooms4 ,x did n take long = ?is to sugge/ ! sidebo>d4 ,ref]5ce has already be5 made to ! int]e/ 9 consoles on ! "p ( ! ar*itects ( to-day4 ,?is br+s to m9d ! f9e console tables ( ! bro!rs ,adam--pieces :i* ! collector w d well to acquire :5ev] ! opportunity pres5ts itself--= ,rob]t ,adam 0 an ar*itect :o design$ furniture b 0 n himself a cab9et-mak]1 ?\gh 8 influ5ce on ! classical ta/e 9 ! furniture ( ! late eighte5? c5tury 0 ,illu/ration3 ,fr5* ,console1 ,l\is ,,xiv ,p]iod ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,fr5* ,console1 ,l\is ,,xv ,p]iod ,illu/ration3 ,svres ,:ite ,bisque ,/atuette ( ,voltaire ,illu/ration3 ,svres ,:ite ,bisque ,bu/ ( ,frankl9 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,a ,pair ( ,svres ,porcela9 ,cov]$ ,vases decid$4 ,rob]t ,adam made exhau/ive rese>*es 9 ,france & ,italy & rea*$ z f> z ,spalato 9 ,dalmatia1 :i!r 8 int]e/ 9 classic design took him4 ,9 f9d+ a place = ! console 9 ! mod]n h\se1 x is well to rememb] its orig9al use4 ,"u a long mirror 9 ! draw+-room 0 :]e x 0 g5]ally plac$1 ! tables be+ us$ 9 pairs to effect a /udi$ balance4 ,x c be advantage\sly plac$ 9 ! hallway1 :]e its dignity w add to ! "* ( ! entrance & at ! same "t take up b little room4 ,9 d9+-rooms consoles are arrang$ to s]ve z sidebo>ds4 ,! type ( console w naturally det]m9e ! type ( mirror or decoration suitable to hang above x1 all ( :i* ! furniture-collector %\ld be> 9 m9d4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,s,,vres ,,porcela9 ,!re is no cont95tal porcela9 bett] kn[n by "n to e "o ?an ! ,fr5* porcela9 ( ,svres4 ,nev]!less1 few] *ance collectors & lov]s ( old *9a appe> to "k z mu* ab\t x z !y d ab\t old ,worce/]1 ,d]by1 ,*elsea1 or ,dresd54 ,ov] fifty m>ks = ,svres1 ne>ly two hundr$ & fifty m>ks ( pa9t]s1 decorators1 & gild]s ( ! ,svres manufactory1 z well z ov] ?irty-five ( ! m>ks ( "s ( ! model]s are kn[n4 ,! pr9cipal m>ks ( fabrication f #agec to ! pres5t numb] "s ?irty-five4 ,f ?is x w be se5 t ,svres =ms a gr\p 9 ! hi/ory ( c]amic art t requires "s /udy to ma/] its m9uti & ! indicia t w enable ! collector to pass intellig5t judgm5t on pieces t come to 8 notice4 ,:ile x is true t ! collect+ ( ,svres c h>dly be a 8poor man's hobby10 x also is true t kn[+ some?+ ab\t ev5 a s+le piece 9 "o's g5]al collection ( old *9a1 or ( less specializ$ antiques & curios1 ju/ifies giv+ att5tion to ! ramifications ( ! p>ticul> phase ( ! subject t may1 = ! mom5t1 m def9itely apply to ! piece 9 h&4 ,?us if "o possesses a bit ( mod]n ,svres ( f9e quality1 ! int]e/ ( t possession _c b be int5sifi$ by a k ( e>li] examples ( ! fabrique to :i* x is alli$4 ,fatal improvem5ts h (t5 m>k$ ! progress ( ! arts4 ,x 0 s ) t ( ! ,royal ,porcela9 ( ,svres4 ,! e>ly pieces 7 ( s(t pa/e1 b 9 #ahjd ! director1 ,monsieur ,brogni>t1 0 s pleas$ ) ! introduction ( ! h>d pa/e in/ead t he utt]ly bani%$ ! s(t pa/e1 go+ s f> z to de/roy ! secret =mula = its mak+1 & bury+ alive1 z "o might say1 all ! s(t-pa/e mat]ial !n on h& 9 ! ,p>c de ,v]sailles6 ,poor1 delud$ mortal6 ,probably he di$ unaw>e ( hav+ murd]$ ! ,svres porcela9 ( ! f9e/ type6 ,?us "o beg9s to und]/& :y ! examples ( ! pte t5dre ( ! ye> #agec ?r\gh to ! *ange = ! h>d pte are s r>e & s highly priz$4 ,by old ,svres we compreh5d ! pieces made f #agec to #ahjd4 ,?is is ! true vieux ,svres4 ,f #agec to #aggg inclusive ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 s+ly1 f ,a to ,z1 7,w omitt$71 indicate ! ye>s ( manufacture4 ,! ye> lett]s 7 plac$ betwe5 ! two script ,l's 7"o rev]s$74 ,! lett]s ,a1 ,b1 & ,c indicate ! pieces made at ,v9c5nes 7! orig9al site ( ! manufactory7 9 #agec1 #aged1 & #agee respectively1 :ile ! ye> ( ! removal ( ! manufactory to ,svres1 ne> ,/4 ,cl\d1 #agef1 is indicat$ by ! lett] ,d betwe5 ! d\ble ,l's4 ,! ,l's1 ( c\rse1 /ood = ! royal ciph] ( ,l\is ,,xv1 ! fir/ ye>1 & !n ( ,l\is ,,xvi ( ,france f #aged to ,septemb]1 #agib1 :5 ! ,fr5* ,republic 0 proclaim$ & ,r4,f4 9 monogram or 9 capital lett]s took its place4 ,9 ! /udy ( any porcela9 pieces ! amateur %\ld acqua9t himself ) ! diff]5ce betwe5 s(t & h>d porcela9 ( any sort4 ,! eighte5?-c5tury porcela9 has a s(t1 velvety 8feel10 ! glaze n be+ s glassy z t ( h>d porcela94 ,a p5-knife c cause abrasion on s(t-pa/e porcela91 :ile h>d pa/e w ne>ly always repel ev5 ! pressure ( a /eel po9t drawn ov] x4 ,) s(t pa/e "o c see ?r\gh ! glaze1 z x 72 ) h>d pa/e "o _c4 ,! enamel ( ! s(t pa/e ( ,svres pres5ts a delicate1 milky glaze1 exquisitely di/9ctive4 ,! colors1 too1 %[ =? ) velvety fre%ness4 ,bleu du roi--k+'s blue--is ! "n giv5 ! cobalt blue ( ! decoration2 turquoise designates ! sky-blue :i* dates f #ageb1 :5 ,helbot fir/ comp\nd$ x2 rose ,pompad\r & rose ,dub>ry are ! names giv5 ! r$s dur+ ! dom9ation ( ^? c\rt favorites2 violet p5se1 ! "n = ! pansy color2 jaune clair1 ! "n = ! pale yell[ 7jonquille 0 z (t5 us$72 v]t pomme & v]t jaune designat$ ! apple-gre51 :ile v]t anglais & v]t pr 0 appli$ to ! color we t]m grass-gre54 ,!re is also a velvety 8feel0 ab\t ! un5amel$ portions ( porcela91 ow+ to its f9e texture1 :i* di/+ui%es x f h>d porcela94 ,look$ at obliquely aga9/ ! light s t a portion ( ! :ite surface & a portion ( ! pa9t$ surface equally receive a beam1 !re appe> no diff]5ces 9 surfaces4 ,) a s(t porcela9 ! enamel seems s to incorporate ) ! s(t pa/e z to pres5t a surface ( id5tical sub/ance4 ,h>d porcela9 w exhibit a di/9ct diff]5ce 9 ! lu/re ( ! :ite surface & 9 ! color$ glaz$ surface4 ,! color surface w inv>iably appe> less brilliant4 ,9 ,svres porcela9 ( ! fir/ p]iod ! :ite gr\nd pr$om9ates4 ,! fl[]s & wrea!s1 etc41 are delicately scatt]$ ov] b d n cr[d ! :ite field4 ,9 lat] pieces ! decorations came by degree to be ! m ass]tive4 ,likewise1 m gild+ 0 employ$4 ,aft] #aggj portraits came into ! decoration1 & ! designs ( ! ,l\is ,qu9ze & ^? ( ! ,l\is ,quatorze p]iods 7 sup]s$$ by designs :i* foll[$ m along ,egyptian & ,etruscan l9es4 ,) ! s(t porcela9 ( ,svres v l>ge pieces c\ld n be produc$1 b ( ! lat] h>d-pa/e porcela9 huge vases 7 (t5 fabricat$1 m>vels inde$ ( c]amic skill1 ?\gh seldom z arti/ic & p]fect 9 te*nical qualities4 ,! bisque /atuettes ( e>ly ,svres eag]ly s\ght by museums & collectors are "o ( ! int]e/+ phases ( ?is manufacture1 ?\gh ^! objects sc>cely c be said to approa* ^? ( ,saxony4 ,_! manufacture at ,svres 0 almo/ giv5 up aft] #aggg4 ,we h1 h[ev]1 f our own day1 ! mu*-treasur$ /atuettes model$ = ,svres by mod]n sculptors1 among :om 0 ! late ,augu/e ,rod94 ,f #aggh to #agib1 inclusive1 ! ye> m>k 0 indicat$ by ! d\ble lett]s ,,aa to ,,oo1 )9 ! int]lac$ ,l's4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,fir/ ,republic 7#agib-ahjd7 ! m>k 01 fir/1 ! int]lac$ ,f4,r4 7= ,rpublique ,franaise71 !n ! lett]s ,r4,f4 ) ! ^w 8,svres0 bel[ 78,svres0 be+ writt5 ) or )\t ! acc5t m>k71 or j ! ^w 8,svres10 & f9ally 9 ! ,consul> p]iod ( ?is epo* 8,m,nle0 ov] ! ^w 8,svres0 7f #ahjc-ahjd74 ,! ye>s ,,ix 7#ahja71 ,x 7#ahjb71 & ,,xi 7#ahjc7 7 designat$ by 8,t#i10 8,x10 & 8,,ii0 9 addition4 ,! m>k ( ! fir/ imp]ial epo* 7#ahjd-ahad7 0 8,m4 ,imple0 ov] 8de ,svres10 two ornam5tal /rokes bel[ )\t acc5t m>k1 & !n1 lat]1 ! imp]ial eagle cr[n$ ) ! leg5d1 8,manufacture ,imp]iale4 ,sevres10 )\t acc5t m>k 7#ahaj74 ,! ye>s ,,xii 7#ahjd71 ,,xiii 7#ahje7 & ,,xiv 7#ahjf7 7 m>k$ by di/+ui%+ symbols 7#ahjd by two horizontal da%es1 a dot above & "o bel[2 #ahje by two %ort l9es aslant1 a horizontal da% to ! left & "o to ! "r2 ! ye> #ahjf by a m>k resembl+ ! prong ( a trid5t1 po9t upw>d74 ,! ,svres m>ks ( ! second royal epo* consi/$ ( ! re/or$ int]lac$ ,l's ( ,l\is ,,xviii & ! fleur-de-lys betwe5 7#ahad-ahbc72 ( ! int]lac$ ,c's ( ,*>les ,x1 ) ! ,x betwe51 or ! fleur-de-lys or )\t 7#ahbd-ahbi72 ( j ! fleur-de-lys 7,augu/ #cj? to ,decemb]1 #ahcj7 & o!r m>ks 9 circles 7#ahca-ahcd7 & ! ciph] ,l4,p4 ( ,l\is ,philippe 7#ahcd-ahdh74 ,) ! adv5t ( ! second republican epo*1 #ahdh-ahea1 ! 8,r4,f40 0 re/or$1 only to be displac$ by ! imp]ial eagle 7#aheb7 ) ! lett] ,s to left & 8#eb0 to ! "r ( ! eagle1 & ! cr[n$ ,n ( #ahed ( ! second imp]ial epo* 7#aheb-ahgb71 ) ! lett] ,s to left & ! ye> num]al to "r ( ! ,n4 ,! ,?ird ,republic br\ght back ! 8,r4,f40 aga91 foll[$ by o!r m>ks1 ! "o introduc$ 9 #ahhh %[+ a pott] at "w1 ! :ole )9 a d\ble circle be>+ ! leg5d ,nationale ,svres ,manufacture4 ,f #ahag date m>ks 7 designat$ by ! la/ two num]als ( ! ye> numb] only1 z ! date #ahjg1 #ahjh1 #ahji1 & #ahaj _h be5 designat$ by #g1 #h1 #i1 & #aj4 ,! ye>s #ahaa to #ahag1 inclusive1 _h be5 designat$ by ! small lett]s o4z1 d4z1 t4z1 q4z1 q4n1 s4z1 & d4s1 /&+1 respectively1 = ! ,fr5* onze1 d\ze1 treize1 quatorze1 quize1 seize1 & dix-sept4 ,! output ( ! ,svres works 9 rec5t ye>s has be5 v small1 t in/itution hav+ become a place = ! education & tra9+ ( ,fr5* pott]s :o w c>ry on ! ,svres traditions 9 o!r l9es ( _! "w4 ,su* examples z are be+ made to-day take ! =m ( pres5tation sets ( w>e especially design$ & made z a gift to a pot5tate1 a diplomat1 or z a tok5 ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t's reg>d on su* occasions z ! m>riage ( a pr9cess or a presid5t's daught]4 ,v>i\s quantities ( x h be5 br\ght to ?is c\ntry at ! "t ( expositions1 & mu* ( t has pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,am]ican collectors4 ,x is /ill possible to pick up "h & !re good pieces t are g5u9e & ?or\ghly wor? :ile4 ,not)/&+ ! advanc$ collector's great] eag]ness to collect ,svres ( ! pte-t5dre p]iod1 lat] ,svres is an allur+1 int]e/+1 ent]ta9+1 & possible field = ! collector to ent] )\t disc\ragem5t1 & ! pieces ( ?is lat] fabrique well des]ve a place 9 ! cab9et or z a decorative feature 9 ! home ( good ta/e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,european ,,enamels ,:ile x is true t few collectors ( ! pres5t day c aspire to any goodly numb] ( really f9e examples ( ,european enamels1 ! subject is nev]!less "o ( great int]e/1 & ! au?or believes !re are _m :o w f9d pleasure 9 a /udy ( ! enamels ( ,european fabrication1 p>ticul>ly ^? objects famili>ly kn[n z ,limoges enamels b m prop]ly to be call$ pa9t$ enamels to di/+ui% !m f ! cloisonn & ! *amplev enamels4 ,x may be well to indicate "h ! *>act]i/ics ( ! sev]al gr\ps4 ,cloisonn3 ,z e>ly z ! "t ( ! anci5ts x 0 f\nd t to prev5t ! runn+ toge!r ( molt5 glass enamels1 little b\nd>ies ( metal wire c\ld be devis$ = sold]+ on to ! metal base to m>k ! divisions ( ! patt]n1 or m]ely to b\nd areas1 ?us =m+ a numb] ( dim9utive %all[ 8pans10 into :i* ! melt$ flux exp&$1 & :5 cool$ & poli%$ reveal$ a surface level ) ! height ( ! wire cloisons1 giv+ !m ! appe>ance ( be+ metal wires t _h be5 imb$d$ 9 ! glass4 ,gold1 be+ neutral to e kn[n color1 is ! h>moniz] p>am\nt1 & ?us :5 gold cloisons 7 us$1 ! v>i\s colors 7 knit toge!r into e/hetically pleas+ surfaces4 ,! little metal ?reads runn+ ?r\gh mod]n ,japanese enamels are su* cloisons4 ,cloisonn enamel is ! e>lie/ sort ( true enamel kn[n to u4 ,x 0 ! favorite ,byzant9e process1 & also t ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ! ,*9ese1 & lat] ( ! ,japanese & ! ,russians4 ,relief ,cloisonn4 ,?is t]m is us$ to designate ^? pieces :]e9 ! enamel ei!r is bel[ or above ! tops ( ! cloisons1 or :]e only c]ta9 cloisons enclose enamel1 or a comb9ation ( ! ?ree sorts1 giv+ to ! surface ( an object complet$ 9 ?is mann] an int]e/+ unev5 gr\nd ( smoo? b unpoli%$ enamel4 ,! cloisons ( mu* ( ?is "w1 especially ! ,hung>ian & ! ,russian1 are ( filigree wire1 or twi/$ wire1 in/ead ( flat wire su* z 0 us$ = ?is purpose by ,byzant9e craftsm54 ,*amplev4 ,?is is ! "n giv5 to ! process ( g\g+ out ( a field 7*amp7 ( metal a numb] ( holl[s 7lves7 or 8dit*es0 = ! patt]n1 9 :i* cut-out depressions ! vitre\s color is fus$ & becomes enamel4 ,x is ak9 to ! anci5t ,egyptian me?od ( scoop+ out surfaces 9 gold1 soap/one1 wool1 & o!r mat]ials1 ins]t+ !re9 bits ( color$ glass4 ,_h ! ,egyptians practis$ true enamel+1 d\btless _! process w\ld h begun ) *amplev1 = !y did n anticipate ! ,greek goldsmi?s1 :o work$ patt]ns on gold 9 cloisons long be=e !y _h any idea ( apply+ vitre\s color !reto4 ,inde$1 ! e>ly ,greeks & ! ,etruscans 7 wond]fully skilful at sold]+ gold4 ,?is *amplev process might be t]m$ ,go?ic1 succe$+ 9 introduction ?\gh n sup]s$+ ! ,byzant9e cloisonn4 ,h[ev]1 c5turies be=e ,byzant9e or ,go?ic works appe>$1 ! ,celts produc$ *amplev enamels4 ,rep\ss4 ,?is t]m is appli$ to ! base ( ^? objects :]e9 ! ornam5t is beat5 out1 9 silh\ette z x 71 9 ! metal & ! details m>k$ by cloisons let 94 ,mu* ( ?is "w is easily mi/ak5 = *amplev1 b :]e ! patt]n is scoop$ out 9 *amplev1 x is beat5 out 9 rep\ss4 ,"o :o has visit$ ! treasury ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice w recall t ! plaquettes f a ,gospel cov] to be f\nd !re 7 execut$ 9 rep\ss--! patt]n simply hamm]$ 9 ! silv]1 :i* aft]w>d 0 fill$ ) transluc5t enamel4 ,9 ,ori5tal rep\ss "w ! metal divisions betwe5 ! fields ( enamel are beat5 up1 ! rev]se ( ! process j describ$4 ,9 mod]n ,*9ese enamel-"w ! rep\ss process has sup]s$$ *amplev = effects ( ! sort4 ,basse ,taille4 ,?is is ! process ( engrav+ ! gr\nd1 :i* is to receive transluc5t enamel1 s t ! l9es made by ! grav] w %[ up ?r\gh ! transluc5t vitrifi$ coat+ & produce a great] play ( light1 or def9e patt]ns1 ! ve9+ ( leaves1 ! m>k+ ( petals1 ! l9es ( drap]ies1 etc4 ,! ,fr5* enamel]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury habitually employ$ ! process1 & ,indian enamel]s prec$$ !m by at lea/ a c5tury1 :ile its inv5tion is ascrib$ to an ,italian1 ,john ( ,pisa1 9 #abhf4 ,?is *as+ or engrav+ ^u gold or silv] = ! purpose ( %[+ graduation 9 ! vitre\s color to be appli$ is ak9 to *amplev4 ,plique ,j\r4 ,enamels ( ?is sort consi/ ( c]ta9 scre5-l objects 9 filigree ) _! unback$ cloison divisions fill$ up ) transluc5t enamel4 ,plique ,j\r enamel may be comp>$ to /a9$-glass w9d[s1 ! pr9ciple be+ ! same1 only c>ri$ out on a m9iature scale4 ,an excell5t example ( ?is is a fifte5?-c5tury cup 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 :ile ! ,cr[n ( ,/4 ,/eph51 dat+ f #ajgb ,a4,d41 w\ld appe> to be ! e>lie/ kn[n "w ( ! sort t has surviv$4 ,! ,russians ( ! n9ete5? c5tury s p]fect$ ! process t plique j\r enamel is (t5 call$ ,russian enamel4 ,d\btless ! =m+ ( cups1 caskets1 & o!r preci\s objects ( gems 9 unback$ mosaic sugge/$ ! /yle1 & ! jewel$ cup ( ,*osroes to be se5 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is1 may well be consid]$ a =]unn] ( x4 ,encru/$ ,enamel4 ,?is may be def9$ z enamel us$ to enri* rais$ & model$ gold-"w :]e ?is vitre\s color is nei!r entr5*$1 z 9 cloisonn or 9 *amplev1 nor pa9t$1 l ,limoges "w1 on a flat field4 ,! craftsm5 ( ! ,r5aissance1 bo? 9 ,italy & 9 ,france1 produc$ exquisite jewels ( encru/$ enamel1 imitat$ by ! ,flor5t9e jewel]s ( to-day :o display _! w>es along ! %ops ( ! ,ponte ,vec*io4 ,pa9t$ enamels 9 ?is gr\p may be sub-divid$ z foll[s3 7,a7 ,^? works :i* h vitre\s colors add$ "h & !re to subdue1 to correct1 or to outl9e & decorate enamel surfaces1 su* z ! pale yell[s add$ to s(t5 gl>+ :ites1 r$ to re/ore a color unsuccessful 9 ! fir+1 outl9es ( plants & o!r =ms & inscriptions4 ,us$ 9 comb9ation ) bo? cloisonn & *amplev1 & lat] to add fur!r decorations to basse taille surfaces4 7,b7 ,^? works pa9t$ ) successive fir+s ( transluc5t or transp>5t color$ enamels ov] a prim>y enamel gr\nd t fir/ has be5 fus$ to its metal field ( gold1 silv]1 or copp]4 ,limoges enamels ( ?is sort1 :e!r 9 color or 9 grisaille 7gray71 z also are ! mu*-neglect$ enamels kn[n z ,v5etian enamels4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s mu* = ! g5]al broad divisions ( enamels1 ?\gh x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t !re 0 (t5 employ$ 9 ! work+ out ( a s+le object m ?an a s+le process4 ,z color plays s important a "p 9 ! evolution ( ! hi/ory ( enamels1 ! foll[+ table may prove useful to ! collector z det]m9+ ! m important colors ( ! enamel]'s palette at diff]5t p]iods 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art3 ,,colors ,,& ,,p]iods ,greek ,"w4 ,! colors us$ by ! ,greeks 7 opaque :ite1 blue1 & gre54 ,b>b>ic ,"w4 ,briti%1 ,gallic1 ,celtic1 & ,roman-,prov9cial enamel]s us$ sc>let1 cobalt blue1 d>k gre51 yell[s ?r\gh light %ades to orange & to o*re2 :ite1 black1 & possibly turquoise4 ,e>ly ,byzant9e ,"w employ$ opaque sc>let1 coral1 :ite1 black1 & transluc5t sapphire blue1 em]ald1 gre51 ruby r$1 & manganese violet4 ,lat] ,byzant9e ,"w4 ,add$ to ! above colors1 t[>d ! elev5? c5tury1 cobalt blue & turquoise1 pale yell[1 & a fle% t9t4 ,e>ly ,limoges ,"w reli$ ^u blue1 gre51 r$1 ) purple & iron gray1 & ! light] half-tones kn[n be=e ! twelf? c5tury4 ,lat] ,limoges ,"w4 ,its full palette is compos$ ( deep blue to lapis blue & light blue2 sc>let1 a r$ approa*+ *ocolate1 gre51 gre5i% yell[1 :ite1 & a semi-transluc5t manganese purple4 ,9 ?irte5?-c5tury "w blue is ! dom9at+ color4 ,! twelf?-c5tury transluc5t colors give way to ! consi/5t use ( opaque ones 9 ! ye>s foll[+4 ,g]manic ,"w4 ,?is conta9s less cobalt blue1 b employes ! colors ( ! ,limoges work]s1 introduc+1 h[ev]1 a great deal ( turquoise & mu* m gre5 & pale yell[ ?an ! ,fr5* enamel]s us$4 ,! ,g]man enamel]s 7 fond ( black1 also4 ,ne>ly e writ] ^u enamels quotes ! conv5i5t comm5dation ( ! ,greek sophi/1 ,philo/ratus1 :o w5t to ,rome 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,sev]us1 ab\t #bjj ,a4,d41 to tea* rhetoric4 ,9 ! description ( a bo> hunt 9 8 8,icones10 :]e9 he describes ! trapp+s ( ! horses ( ! b>b>ians 7,gauls or ,britons71 ,philo/ratus writes3 8,= ! b>b>ians ( ! region ( ! ocean isl&]s8 are skill$1 z x is said1 9 fus+ colors ^u heat$ brass copp]8 :i* become z h>d z /one & r5d] ! ornam5t ?us produc$ durable40 ,! ,romans 9 ,italy knew no?+ ( su* ?+s4 ,lab>te & o!r au?orities w\ld h x t ?is passage ref]s to ,gallo-,roman "w1 ?\gh su* is r>ely to be met )2 :ile o!rs claim = x ref]5ce to ! "w ( ,briti% craftsm51 p]haps "u design-influ5ce ( ! ,romans4 ,probably enamel+ 0 kn[n to ! ,celts & to ! ,britons indep5d5t ( ,roman occupation4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,scoto-,celtic & ! ,britanno-,celtic t5d5cy 9 design has little 9 common ) t ( ! anci5t civiliz$ _w ( ,greece1 ( ,rome1 or ( ,egypt4 ,x is j possible ! +5i\s ,celts inv5t$ *amplev4 ,) ! rise ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,a4,d41 ) its capital at ,byzantium1 came 9 t /yle ( art kn[n to u z ! ,byzant9e1 j z ! ,nor? ,italians produc$ ! ,lomb>dic /yle & we/]n ,europe ! ,go?ic4 ,byzant9e enamel 0 rigid & conv5tional 9 design b highly decorative & symbolical4 ,at fir/ ! direct influ5ce ( ,greek & ,roman art affect$ _! pictorial repres5tations1 z we see ,*ri/us 9 e>li] "w depict$ z a clean-%av51 beautiful "y man1 an ideal t soon gave way to ! sad repres5tation ( ! ,man ( ,sorr[s4 ,f ! t5? c5tury on1 ,byzant9e ecclesia/ical art 0 b>r5 ( inv5tion4 ,) ! wan+ ( ! empire 9 #ajeg1 ! art ( ! ,byzant9e enamel]s decl9$1 & t ( ! ,italians & ! we/]n ,europeans blossom$ =? untrammel$ by /iff conv5tion4 ,lomb>dic ar*itecture & ,go?ic c>v+ _h help$ to pave ! way = ! broad] art ( ! ,middle ,ages1 :i* no long] conf9$ itself to cloisonn b began to put =? *amplev enamels ( great beauty likewise4 ,inde$1 9 ,go?ic times we/]n craftsm5 r>ely made use ( cloisonn except = p]sonal ornam5ts & jewelry4 ,! fam\s 8,l9dau] ,evangeli>10 "o ( ! *ief treasures collect$ by ! late ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan1 exhibits ^u its cov]s sup]b examples ( e>ly enamel+4 ,) ! revival ( classical le>n+ :i* br\ght ab\t ! ,r5aissance1 & ! subsequ5t developm5t ( secul> ?\ght1 art ceas$ to be :at x _h be5 ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages--m]ely ! h&maid ( ! *ur*4 ,no long] did ! enamel]s1 ,byzant9e1 ,go?ic1 or ,lomb>dic1 "w solely to adorn religi\s works2 & ecclesia/ical design broad5$ into secul> application1 a return ( classical usages to a h]itage ( beauty & unre/ra9t f :i*1 = "s c5turies1 art _h be5 kept by ecclesia/icism4 ,by ! twelf? c5tury ! art 0 well e/abli%$ to ,cologne1 ,trves1 ,huy1 ,mae/ri*t1 & ,v]dun1 !nce travel+ p]haps to ,p>is4 ,limoges & ! ,rh5i% prov9ces ( ,france became prolific 9 *amplev enamels by ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,x is to #aahi ,a4,d4 t ! e>lie/ kn[n enamels ( ,limoges are ascrib$4 ,!re an enorm\s quantity ( "w1 good1 bad1 & indiff]5t1 0 turn$ out dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury1 an art turn+ to a trade !reaft]1 & decl9+ to neglect 9 ! f\rte5?1 & !n go+ out ( fa%ion altoge!r4 ,h[ev]1 t[>d ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! public 9 g5]al _h brok5 ?r\gh ,byzant9e1 ,go?ic1 & ,lomb>dic e/hetic dom9ation & brea!d ! cle>] air ( ! ,r5aissance1 becom+ imbu$ ) a desire = g5tl]1 m beautiful ?+s2 & ! old t[n ( ,limoges1 ev] awake to ! comm]ce ( dem&1 aga9 />t$ up h] enamel+ ov5s & w5t at ! art ) r5ew$ vigor1 reta9+ a supremacy t has h&$ d[n to u priceless treasures ( ! sort1 exquisite & satisfy+4 ,?is f9e /yle may be said to date f #aecj to #aehj 7be+ prec$$ by ! e>ly /yle #adge-aecj71 foll[$ by a m9ute /yle1 #aehj-afcj prec$+ ! decad5ce t dat$ f #afcj to ! close ( ! manufactory 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,limoges enamels imm$iately br+ to m9d ! names ( su* great arti/s 9 enamels z ! ,pnicauds1 ,c\rtoys1 ,lim\s91 ,raymond1 ,m>t9 ,didi] & ,jean ,c\rt1 dit ,vigi]1 & 9 ! decl9e ,jean ,laud94 ,! pa9t$ enamels ( ! e>ly /yle are execut$ ) mu* :ite pa9t+ ov] purpli%-br[n gr\nds1 ! figures be>+ /rong resemblance to ! ,flemi% type4 ,! color+ 9 ^! examples is v beautiful4 ,! pa9t$ enamels ( ! f9e /yle exhibit ! great advance a*iev$ by draftsm5 "u ,italian influ5ce4 ,! glazes are f9] & ! f9i%+ process a m c>eful "o4 ,at ?is p]iod pa9t+ 9 grisaille became popul>4 ,by ?is t]m is meant mono*rome pa9t+ 9 enamel ! light be+ work$ up ov] a d>k ,illu/ration3 ,oval ,di% by ,b]n>d ,palissy1 #aeaj-aehi ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,lumires by ,b]n>d ,palissy1 #aedj-aeij ,illu/ration3 ,limoges ,enamel ,cov]$ ,cup ,attribut$ to ,pi]re ,raymond ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art4 ,*amplev ,enamel ,casket1 ,fr5*1 #ac? ,c5tury gr\nd1 /age by /age1 9 :ite1 leav+ ! *i>oscuro to be det]m9$ by ! effect ( ! gr\nd %[+ ?r\gh4 ,%ad+ 0 (t5 fur!r emphasiz$ by black l9es or hat*+s4 ,! result+ gray tone gives ! /yle its "n4 ,lat]1 relief f ! monotony ( gray 0 f\nd by ! addition ( "o or two t9ts1 su* z fle% t9t1 z may be se5 9 ! "w ( ,jean ,pnicaud1 ,pi]re ,raymond1 & ,lon>d ,lim\s94 ,p]haps ,pi]re ,raymond di/+ui%es himself z exhibit+ ! f9e/ color s5se1 ?\gh he may n h possess$ ,lon>d ,lim\s9's qualities ( bold & direct h&l+4 ,?is latt] arti/1 :o work$ f #aecb to #aegd & adv]tis$ himself 9 a little panel introduc$ into "o ( 8 works z 8,enamell] & ,pa9t] to ! ,*amb] ( ! ,k+10 0 a consummate portraiti/1 & execut$ "s spl5did portraits 9 enamel4 ,any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ,italian fai5ce w be /ruck by ! relation%ips 9 effect betwe5 maiolica w>e & ,limoges enamels4 ,aft] ,jean ,lim\s91 desc5dant ( ! great ,lon>d1 & 8 s*ool1 enamel+ z a truly f9e art began to die out at ,limoges1 9 #afaj4 ,col91 ,m>t91 ,poncet1 ,laud91 & ! ,noalh]s c>ri$ on ! "w1 b ,jean ,lim\s9 /ood %\ld]s above !m all4 ,t\t9 introduc$ enamel-pa9t+ on gold 9 #agcb & ! products became da9tily & insipidly delicate1 q 9 ! ta/e ( ,l\is ,,xiv & 8 successors1 until at la/ enamel+ became little bett] ?an a rival+ imitation ( *9a-pa9t+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,a ,,pott]3 ,,b]n>d ,,palissy ,f> bett] x is t "o man or a small numb] ( m5 %\ld make _! pr(it f "s art by liv+ hone/ly1 ?an t a l>ge numb] ( m5 %\ld /ruggle1 "o aga9/ ! o!r1 s t !y _c ga9 a livelihood save by pr(an+ ! arts1 leav+ ?+s half done4 ,s said ,ma/] ,b]n>d ,palissy1 born "s f\r hundr$ ye>s ago--9 #aeaj1 to be exact--ne> ,*teau ,biron 9 ,prigord1 ,france4 ,:]e 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! arts w a m int]e/+ figure be f\nd8 ,8 0 n ! swa%buckl+ c>e] ( a ,cell9i2 nev]!less ! s]i\s-m9d$ w\ld n ex*ange him = ! volatile ,italian :o seem$ ev] & anon to be swall[+ diamond du/ or cross+ a c>d9al = copy4 ,palissy's 0 romance ( a diff]5t sort1 b romance ( a f9e type4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ :y we ( to-day h almo/ =gott5 ab\t ,ma/] ,b]n>d1 ,ma/] ,b]n>d :om ! read]s ( our gr&mo!rs' g5]ation immortaliz$4 ,i suppose ! cultivat$ virtue ( novelty :i* 9 ?is re/less era dem&s incessant *ang+ ( s*ool-books f t]m to t]m fail$ to br+ old ,palissy along ) x4 ,9 e>li] days x 0 "p & p>cel ( "o's polite education to "k some?+ ( ,ma/] ,b]n>d1 at lea/ to "k t !re _h once liv$ su* a p]son4 ,9 ^? less curriculum$ ye/]days ! /ory ( ,palissy ! ,pott] 0 always a welcome "o4 ,p]haps we ourselves h m]ely ov]look$ ! matt]1 & s ,i make "h ?is v5ture1 believ+ "t has int5d$ no slight to ,ma/] ,b]n>d's memory4 ,h[ well ,i recall a c]ta9 l[] %elf 9 a libr>y :i* regal$ a ra9y autumn day 9 my t5d] ye>s6 ,!re 7 treasures "h conv5i5t to ! h& ( "o ag$ n9e1 treasures fitt+ ! advancem5t ( le>n+ labori\sly atta9$ "u ! unfl9*+ p]si/5ce ( an all-too-fai?ful gov]ness4 ,9 ?is sanctu>y ,i *anc$ 9 *ildhood to come ^u a t9y octavo b\nd 9 blue1 /amp$ ) gilt morn+-glories1 morn+-glories su* z ,i h always associat$1 = "s unexpla9$ reason1 ) ! long-late ,pr9ce ,alb]t & ! equally long-late ,lucy ,l>com6 ,)9 ! cov]s ( ?is little book 0 a highly embelli%$ frontispiece1 h&-/5cil$ 9 colors ( saffron1 sc>let1 & azure1 ) an ov]:elm+ly deep da% ( bottle-gre54 ,i imag9e ?is volume em]g$ f ! press at a "t :5 anil9e dyes self-proclaim$ _! adv5t to ! m$iocrity ( ! day4 ,beyond t ,i d n v5ture a date4 ,?is giddy frontispiece seem$1 ev5 9 my *ildi% eyes1 pr(anely gay = ! subject x pres5t$4 ,"h 0 depict$ ! figure ( a be>d$ man 9 =eign dress1 visage =lorn1 p]son unkempt4 ,! arti/ pictur$ him 9 ! act ( de/roy+ a quantity ( furniture ( a sort t might h giv5 di/9ction to an e>ly ,victorian p>lor4 ,j :at seem$ s t]rify+ ab\t ! situation ,i d n "k1 unless x 0 t1 z ,i di/9ctly recall1 ,i myself _h occasionally be5 reg>d$ z some:at de/ructive 9 ! furniture l9e--z :51 q un9t5tionally1 ,i scrat*$ my great-aunt's mahogany s(a 9 mak+ a desp]ate attempt n to slide (f its hair-cov]$ plateau at a mom5t :5 ! peculi>ly poignant texture ( ?is rev]$ fabric _h caus$ me unwitt+ly to squirm ab\t 9 manv]+ = a less irritat+ bit ( ! area4 ,f t "t on a c]ta9 ,miss ,sol&]1 occupy+ ! important po/ ( gov]ness1 c\ld n adju/ h] p]spective to consid]+ me o!r ?an a m5ace to mahogany 9 ! front ( ! h\se or black walnut 9 ! re>4 ,?us y c well imag9e h[ h]oically !re loom$ =? f t frontispiece ! figure ( "o :o 0 delib]ately break+ up *airs1 tables1 /ools1 f\r-po/]s1 & :at n--& a gr[n man at t6 ,b ! ?rill+ness ( ! situation 0 fur!r enhanc$ by ! fact t n only 0 he break+ up ! furniture b he 0 fe$+ x to ! flames6 ,!re 0 no d\bt ( x3 a copi\s employm5t ( c>m9e & saffron made t po9t cle>4 ,t any "o %\ld h d>$ to be s delib]ately de/ructive at once awak5$ my curiosity1 & ,i am n sure x did n awak5 my admiration z well4 ,i hope n1 = z we gr[ old] we l to ?9k t our ,gold5 ,days 7 p>agon 9 _! virtues4 ,x 0 n long be=e ,i discov]$ 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! picture ! figure ( a woman 9 a ,breton cap--inexcusable ana*ronism1 ?\gh ,i did n "k x !n4 ,:o 0 %e8 ,! furniture-break]'s gov]ness1 p]haps2 no1 t c\ld n be1 = he 0 old] ?an %e4 ,f ! corn] ( my eye ,i took a swift visual d>t at ,miss ,sol&]4 ,! lady 9 ! picture appe>$ timid & weep+4 ,no1 x w\ld n be a gov]ness4 ,j !n a voice int]rupt$3 8,:at are y look+ at1 *ild80 8,i d n "k10 ,i repli$4 8,y d n "k60 exclaim$ ,miss ,sol&] 9 expect$ disapproval4 8,pray1 :y d y n "k80 ,%e mov$ ne>1 to be s]viceable4 ,n[1 ,miss ,sol&] nev] c>$ = pictures1 at lea/ only = pa9t$ ones ( =get-me-nots & butt]cups 9 wat]-color & %eep by ,mauve 9 oil1 s ,i hurri$ on to spell out ! title-page4 ,i gave x up4 8,p-a-l-i-s-sy1--,palissy4 ,ma/] ,b]n>d ,palissy ! ,pott]10 coa*$ ,miss ,sol&]4 8,:at is a pott]80 ,i ask$4 ,& !n x began4 ,9 ^! aft] ye>s ,i h always be5 glad t ,miss ,sol&]'s embroid]y *5ille gave out at ! fir/ "q1 & t a g5tle ra9 kept u indoors4 ,und\bt$ly1 too1 ?is little book _h be5 kn[n to h] *ildhood1 = %e ext5d$ x a m approv+ greet+ ?an x 0 h] wont to v\*safe _m ( my o!r e>ly lit]>y discov]ies4 ,at any rate1 ,i h =giv5 h] mu*1 = t aft]noon %e read me ! /ory ( ,ma/] ,b]n>d f beg9n+ to end4 ,h[ x all came back to me ye/]day :5 my fri5d ,cleon1 at ^: h\se ,i 0 d9+1 took me into 8 libr>y & %[$ me1 n a book ab\t ! old pott] b an actual bit ( 8 craft1 a sauce-boat 9 ! enamel$ fai5ce :i* ,palissy /ruggl$ ?r\gh s _m ye>s ( vicissitude to produce4 ,t5d]ly ,i took x 9 my h&s & gaz$ intimately ^u its lovely s(t blues1 grays1 br[ns1 wond]ful gre5s1 & ! s(t & well-fus$ m>bl$ colors on ! back ( ! piece1 all ( :i*1 toge!r ) ! %>p model+ ( ! relief & 8neatness0 ( its workman%ip gave unmi/akable evid5ce ( its au!nticity4 ,x _h n ! crude gre5s1 ! gl>+ yell[s or ! bright purples t betray imitations ( ,palissy's w>e4 ,i h se5 ! f9e collections ( ,ma/] ,b]n>d's h&iwork 9 ! ,l\vre1 ! ,htel ,cluny1 ! ,svres ,museum1 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum & ! ,wallace ,collection 9 ,london1 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art 9 ,new ,york1 & ! o!r collections ( note1 public & private1 at home & abroad1 b ! little saucire :i* my fri5d ,cleon p]mitt$ me to gaze ^u--nay1 de> read]1 to hold 9 my h&s6--!re 0 n a f9] bit any:]e4 ,ma/] ,b]n>d mu/ h giv5 a *uckle ( cont5tm5t :5 he drew x f ! kiln6 ,"o might1 ) a pr9cely purse1 collect a few examples ( ,palissy w>e 9 ! c\rse ( a lifetime ke5ly devot$ to collect+6 ,b s r>e is ,palissy w>e t ev5 9 ,cleon's h\se ,i _h n expect$ to see su* a treasure4 ,/rangely en\gh1 x _h be5 discov]$1 n j b\ght2 discov]$ 9 ,london1 &1 unromantically en\gh1 ?\gh exult+ly1 9 a %op ^: keep] ought to h kn[n :at x 01 :o ought to h kn[n en\gh n to let x g = ! m]e pittance (--b t is ,cleon's secret6 ,my own flair = collect+ has (t5 f$ my pride1 b x is temp]$ ) a happy cont5tm5t f an int]e/ 9 ! ?+s ,i _c h1 may nev] hope to h6 ,i _c1 p]haps1 describe to y ! delight ,i exp]i5c$ 9 com+ ^u t saucire at ,cleon's or ! joy ,i felt 9 be+ p]mitt$ to take my "t 9 gloat+ ov] x unhurri$ by a museum curator1 ^: (ficial anxiety mu/ ( necessity ev] play false to 8 k9dly attempt to conceal x4 ,:5 ,i came home ,i look$ ov] all my photographs ( ,palissy w>e1 & took d[n f its %elf 9 my libr>y a volume 9 ,fr5* ( ! ,works ( ,ma/] ,b]n>d1 a volume ( ! date ( #afcf1 foll[$ by "o ( #aggg & "o ( #ahhd4 ,ma/] ,b]n>d 0 n only a notable pott]1 b1 z bo? ,lam>t9e & ,anatole ,france obs]v$1 he holds a high position among ,fr5* writ]s 9 ! field ( natural philosophy1 agriculture1 & religion4 ,ma/] ,b]n>d's e>ly life is wrapp$ 9 my/]y4 ,we "k no?+ ( 8 p>5tage or ( 8 e>ly education4 ,probably1 z ,h5ry ,morley obs]v$1 8,z a *ild he roll$ ^u ! moss & rip5$ ) ! *e/nuts40 ,9 lat] life ,palissy himself decl>$ t he _h _h 8no o!r books ?an heav5 & e>?1 :i* 7 op5 to all40 ,yet he le>n$ read+1 writ+1 & some?+ ( figur+1 besides some?+ ( design & also ( geometry1 aft] ! simple me?ods ( 8 "t4 ,x is d\btful if any ( ! le>n+ ( 8 day 0 communicat$ to him 9 8 y\?1 & x seems m probable t he drew inspiration = 8 philosophy f ! trees & ! e>?1 & t nature h]self taught him ^? _m lessons he appli$ s p]fectly to future problems :i* confront$ him4 ,b we "k t at an e>ly age he became appr5tic$ to ! art ( pa9t+ & work+ at glass4 ,inasmu* z ?is art 0 consid]$ v honorable 9 ^? days & practis$ by memb]s ( ! less] nobility1 x is possible t ,palissy may h sprung f t class :o did n lose _! dignity ( /ation by foll[+ ?is vocation4 ,b "u ,francis ,i !re came a c]ta9 disassociation 9 ! crafts4 ,! ar*itect sep>at$ f ! build]1 ! sculptor f ! /one-work]1 & ! glass-pa9t] f ! glass-work]4 ,x 0 !n ! art fell into decay some:at1 & l _m ano!r disappo9t$ work]1 ,palissy turn$ aside to seek "s o!r field = 8 abilities1 z n[ he 0 sc>cely able to eke out a liv+ by ! old means4 ,= a "t he comm&$ bett] =tune4 ,9 a docum5t by him pres]v$ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale we read3 8,!y ?\ght me a bett] pa9t] ?an ,i 01 :i* caus$ me to be (t5 summon$ to draw plans = use 9 c\rts ( law4 ,!n :5 ,i _h su* commissions ,i 0 v well paid40 ,h[ev]1 8 sup]b improvid5ce--= "o may almo/ call x su*--delay$ any?+ l 8 e/abli%m5t 9 life1 = we f9d him at ! age ( tw5ty-"o ye>s j\rney+ ?r\gh ,france z a sort ( free-lance2 at ! v "t1 inde$1 :5 ,p>acelsus ! philosoph] at ?irty-sev5 0 w&]+1 q z ragg$1 ?r\gh ,g]many4 ,f9ally he return$ to 8 own c\ntry & settl$ 9 ,sa9tes1 ab\t #aedb1 promptly m>ri$1 & 9 ! c\rse ( "t became fa!r to a goodly family1 :i* he support$ by 8 "w ( survey+ ! salt m>%es ( ,sa9tonge :5 8 skill z a work] 9 glass & 9 design+ 0 n 9 dem&4 ,i imag9e t ,ma/] ,palissy1 ,madame & ! little ,palissys got on v com=tably = a "t4 ,_h n ! ,c\ncil ( ,k+ ,francis decid$ to impose a salt tax on ! ,sa9tonge1 & _h n ,ma/] ,b]n>d be5 commission$ to make ! surveys ( ! salt m>%es 9 ! neighborhood ( ,sa9tes8 ,probably he sp5t mu* ( 8 "t 9 8trac+ l9es ( geometry10 ( :i* ?+s he wrote1 8,x is well kn[n t1 ?anks be to ,god1 ,i am n altoge!r ignorant40 ,he _h also add$ portrait-pa9t+ to 8 accompli%m5ts4 ,a m provid5t man ?an he might h prosp]$ & 8 "n h be5 =gott54 ,:ile ! impecuni\s are n always to be rat$ wise1 x is c]ta9 t ,palissy's pov]ty drove him to ! a*ievem5t ( 8 fame z a pott] 9 8 desp]ate /ruggle to be free f its bonds4 ,"o day z ,palissy sat disconsolate outside 8 door1 no "w 9 h&1 no?+ ahead & ! l>d] gr[+ empty ?r\gh 8 own extravagances & likewise ^? ( 8 wife1 he rememb]$ to h se51 sometime ab\t ! ye> #aeda1 dur+ 8 w&]+s at ,avignon or at ,nmes1 a cup :i*1 z he describ$ x aft]w>d1 80 turn$ & enamell$ ) s mu* beauty t f t "t ,i ent]$ into controv]sy ) my own ?\ghts1 recall+ to m9d sev]al sugge/ions "s p _h made to me 9 fun :5 ,i 0 pa9t+ portraits4 ,!n10 cont9u$ he1 8see+ t ^! 7 fall+ out ( reque/ 9 ! c\ntry :]e ,i dwelt1 & t glass pa9t+ also 0 little patroniz$1 ,i began to ?9k t if ,i %\ld discov] h[ to make enamels ,i c\ld make e>!n vessels & o!r ?+s v prettily1 because ,god _h gift$ me ) "s k ( draw+40 ,n[1 ,luca della ,robbia _h be5 dead "s tw5ty-eight ye>s1 b n only 0 8 "w well kn[n ?r\gh\t ,tuscany & o!r ,italian /ates b specim5s ( x & ( o!r ,italian fai5ce _h be5 br\ght into ,france by ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 :o di$ :5 ,palissy 0 9 8 eigh? ye>1 & lat] by ,b5v5uto ,cell9i1 :o 0 b n9e ye>s ,palissy's s5ior4 ,h[ev]1 ,palissy _h n visit$ ,p>is be=e ?is & probably he knew no?+ ( ! ,della ,robbias1 ( ,leon>do1 or ( ,cell9i1 & less ( ! ,italian fai5ce4 ,x 0 en\gh = him t he _h se5 a wond]ful cup1 made he knew n h[1 b produc$ by a process :i*1 x is q possible1 he imag9$ to be a lo/ "o1 a process :i* n[ 8 +5i\s imag9ation 0 seek+ to recov]4 ,_h fate or =tune tak5 him to ,reims in/ead ( to ,avignon1 he w\ld nev] h ?\ght ( compet+ ) ! "w introduc$ by ! ,flor5t9es4 ,b 9 ^? days ( diff]5t int]c\rse he _h se5 only ! "o cup1 & t he imag9$ to be unique2 consequ5tly1 z we h se51 he resolv$ to set ab\t becom+ a pott] himself4 ,h[ ! imag9ation wrea?s ar\nd t my/]i\s cup :i* inspir$ ,ma/] ,b]n>d6 ,:at 0 x1 maiolica ( ,italy or ( ,spa91 or an enamel$ cup ( s\!rn ,france8 ,nei!r ( ^!1 ,i ?9k4 ,i _c imag9e x c\ld h be5 any?+ %ort ( "s su* treasure z a porcela9 cup fet*$ f ,*9a by "s ,m>co ,polo6 ,at any rate1 ,ma/] ,b]n>d set ab\t ! bus9ess dilig5tly & p]si/5tly4 ,once he _h made up 8 m9d to a ?+ !re 0 no *ang+ him1 s long z ! ?+ he _h set 8 m9d to appe>$ to him bett]1 m wise1 or m righte\s ?an t :i* w\ld take its place4 ,he became z p]si/5t a pott] z he _h be5 7& z he 067 p]si/5t a ,prote/ant4 ,luckily x 0 = him t ! ,con/able de ,montmor5cy1 :o 0 s5t by ! k+ to quell an upris+ 9 ,sa9tes1 0 lat] to come across ,ma/] ,b]n>d & to take up ) 8 +5i\s compositions4 ,eight long1 t$i\s1 he>tbreak+ ye>s succe$$ ?is resolution1 dur+ ! c\rse ( :i* 8 p[]s ( endurance & spl5did physical /r5g? 7 put to a sev]e te/ 9 8 attempts to f9d a suitable enamel = ! objects he made out ( ! e>? ( ! neighborhood1 a sort ( pipe-clay4 ,mon? aft] mon? & ye> aft] ye> came sorr[ful failures :5 he 0 seem+ly j on ! po9t ( success4 ,)\t c>+ t he knew no?+ conc]n+ argillace\s e>?s1 he set himself to se>* out enamels1 l a man :o gropes 9 ! d>kness4 ,:atev] else he may h be51 we c re/ assur$ t he 0 ?or\gh & practical 9 8 craft4 ,t s long a "t elaps$ be=e ! results he hop$ to atta9 7 rea*$ seems a pro( to confute ! !ory (t5 advanc$ t he _h le>n$ ! secret ( 8 enamel f ! ,hirs*vogels 9 ,nuremb]g4 ,if !y disclos$ any "p ( _! craft to him :5 he 0 rov+ ?r\gh ,g]many1 !y zeal\sly gu>d$ t ( mak+ :ite enamel1 s9ce = ?is he s\ght s long & ardu\sly--inde$1 ?r\gh fifte5 ye>s ( pati5t toil & disc\ragem5t4 ,abaquesne1 at ,r\51 _h anticipat$ him1 x is true1 b x is j because x *anc$ to be 8 lot to h to seek out ^! ?+s = himself t 8 works 7 end[$ ) m>k$ orig9ality4 ,all ?is "t 8 family suff]$ 9 pov]ty4 ,we c sympa?ize ) 8 wife1 c]ta9ly4 ,t ,palissy 0 q out ( 8 "r m9d %e _h no d\bt4 ,0 he n sacrific+ ev]y?+ =--:at seem$ 9 ! face ( 8 failures--no?+8 ,x is h>d en\gh to believe 9 g5ius 9 our own day1 :5 miracles are no long] surprises4 ,:at1 !n1 mu/ h be5 ! ali5at+ d\bts ( ,ma/] ,b]n>d's :ole family z !y saw him1 day aft] day1 absorb$ ) 8 clays1 8 enamels1 & 8 ov5s1 :ile !y /ood by1 hungry & neglect$6 ,! colossal selfi%ness ( ! m5 :o w9 aga9/ all odds is =gott5 aft]w>d & =giv51 & "o is incl9$ to ?9k ,palissy's pla9t ab\t ! lack ( enc\ragem5t ( 8 fri5ds & family m ( a scre5 to 8 tr\bl$ consci5ce ?an any?+ else4 ,:5 a man gives up ! employm5t :i* supports 8 wife & *ildr5 = ! sake ( ob/9ately attempt+ to discov] ! secret ( mak+ ornam5tal di%es l "o he has se5 ye>s be=e1 is !re any wond] he is ?\ght to be mad8 ,ev5 9 ^! days a family w\ld ask t a commission 9 lunacy be appo9t$ to look into 8 sanity4 ,& li/5 to 8 own te/imony3 8,ano!r mis=tune befell me1 caus+ me great annoyance1 :i* 0 t1 runn+ %ort ( wood1 ,i 0 oblig$ to burn ! pal+s :i* ma9ta9$ ! b\nd>ies ( my g>d51 ! :i* aft] be+ burn$ ,i _h to burn ! tables & ! floor+ ( my h\se 9 ord] to cause ! melt+ ( ! second composition4 ,i 0 9 su* agony z ,i _c express0--n a ^w ab\t ! agony ( wife & *ildr56--8= ,i 0 utt]ly exhau/$ & )]$ up by my "w & ! heat ( ! furnace2 dur+ m ?an a mon? my %irt _h nev] be5 dry ^u me2 ev5 ^? :o ought to h help$ me ran cry+ ?r\gh ! t[n t ,i 0 burn+ ! planks ( ! floors1 s t ,i 0 made to lose my cr$it & 0 ?\ght to be mad4 ,o!rs said t ,i 0 try+ to co9 false money1 & ,i w5t ab\t cr\*+ to ! e>?1 l "o a%am$40 ,i ?9k t :at ,madame ,palissy did n say places h] 9 ! hi]>*y ( our m>vel+ e/eem6 ,h[beit ,i write ( a h]o & n ( h]o9es4 ,"h1 surely seem$ to be a second ,columbus toss$ on ! /ormy seas ( d]ision4 ,b f9ally1 9 #aedi1 ! success ( ! secret =mula = :i* he _h be5 /riv+ 0 atta9$ z ! fires ( 8 exp]im5tal ov5 cool$4 ,x _h be5 8 agoniz$ hope--! la/ /raw held out by ,provid5ce4 ,h[ diff]5tly !y all reg>d$ him n[6 ,wife & *ildr5 =gave him1 fri5ds return$ to him1 tradesm5 7 eag] to give him cr$it1 = ,b]n>d ,palissy _h br\ght r5[n to _! t[n1 & !y hail$ him z a great man :]e b ! day be=e !y w\ld h driv5 him to a madh\se4 ,quickly ! fame ( 8 a*ievem5ts spread f> & ne>1 & almo/ imm$iately he f\nd a munific5t patron 9 ,anne de ,montmor5cy1 ! great con/able1 :ile to ! k+ & ! que5 "m he became 8work] 9 e>? & inv5tor ( figul9es0 by royal pat5t4 ,is x any wond] he felt ju/ifi$ = all 8 sacrifices8 ,he c\ld n[ give 8 wife a pr\d] place ?an any %e _h ev] dream$ (1 & 8 *ildr5 w\ld be educat$ beyond all _! companions4 ,surely x 0 wor? ^! fifte5 ye>s ( sorr[ & suff]+1 he argu$4 ,ah1 little blue book ) ! gilt morn+-glories1 ! anil9e frontispiece6 ,c\rage\s1 unfl9*+ ,ma/] ,b]n>d2 brave1 suff]+ madame6 ,:5 "o rememb]s all ^! ?+s e bit ( ,palissy w>e becomes end[$ ) a d\ble int]e/4 ,x is di/+ui%$ 9 ! e>li] examples by its close adh]5ce to natural =ms1 n1 p]haps1 to be consid]$ exactly beautiful accord+ to ! canons ( art 9 our day1 nev]!less admirable 9 _m ( its qualities2 & its fidelity to nature is s rem>kable (t5 t "o =gives x its lack ( e/hetic attributes4 ,"o ( ! extant examples is a l>ge plate execut$ 9 enamel fai5ce4 ,x is cov]$ ) fi%es1 reptiles1 cru/acea1 & mollusks 9 ! mid/ ( ! model$ repres5tation ( wat]1 toge!r ) h]bs & m>9e plants4 ,x is rem>kable = ! m9ute execution ( its details & also = ! ri*ness ( ! enamel giv+ life to ^! wond]ful /udies f nature4 ,inde$1 ^! ru/ic pieces1 s admirable 9 _! orig9al way1 exhibit ,palissy's t5d5cy to imitate nature ) exquisite realism & a naturali/'s love = accuracy ( detail4 ,he himself 0 s pleas$ ) 8 success t he tells u live liz>ds (t5 came to admire 8 fabrications1 & t a dog :i* he made 7! same is n[ 9 ! ,dresd5 ,museum71 caus$ _m real dogs 8to gr[l on com+ ne> x1 ?9k+ x to be alive40 ,palissy's "w 0 eag]ly s\ght by all ! great nobles1 & ! illu/ri\s con/able gave into 8 h&s ! task ( decorat+ ! ,*teau d'c\51 !reaft] "o ( ! m>vels ( its "t4 ,alas6 !re rema9s no?+ ( ?is "w1 nor ( ! fam\s grotto 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,tuil]ies1 ) ! decoration ( :i* ,ca!r9e de' ,m$ici _h intru/$ him4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! ye> #aefe1 aft] ,palissy _h tak5 8 family f ,la ,ro*elle 7:]e he _h be5 = sev]al ye>s aft] leav+ ,sa9tes71 to ,p>is to live4 ,x 0 dur+ ! p]iod t ,ma/] ,b]n>d disc\rs$ to ! le>n$ on topics 9 natural philosophy & 0 respectfully li/5$ to at a cr[n a head1 a l>ge lecture entrance fee = ^? days4 ,palissy's sons1 ,nicolas & ,ma?ur91 7 work+ ) him 9 ,p>is1 z entries 9 ! royal acc\nts = ! ye> #aegj %[4 ,only a few decades ago workm5 excavat+ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,tuil]ies une>!d ! rema9s ( ,palissy's old work%op1 & lat] discov]$ "s ( 8 ov5s4 ,b ,ma/] ,b]n>d 0 to fall ^u evil days4 ,he 0 a ,hugu5ot1 & a =m] coreligioni/ d5\nc$ him1 :i* l$ to 8 arre/ 9 #aehh4 ,8 prop]ty _h previ\sly be5 de/roy$4 ,ow+ to royal protection he surviv$ ! t]rible ,massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,eve4 ,b ! mann] 9 :i* a man %\ld say 8 pray]s 0 ( m importance to ,h5ry ,,iii ?an ! mak+ ( 8figul9es ( e>?10 s ,ma/] ,b]n>d travel$ f ! ,tuil]ies to ! ,ba/ille4 ,8 fri5d ! ,duc de ,may5ce obta9$ respite = him ?r\gh clev] artifice2 f9ally ! k+ agre$ to grant him a p>don if he w\ld recant ! h]esy ( 8 ,hugu5ot fai?4 ,palissy indignantly scorn$ ^! ignoble t]ms4 ,%ortly aft] ,h5ry ,,iv succe$$ ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,probably k+s _h ceas$ to be int]e/$ 9 gray-hair$ pott]s & _! exp5ses4 ,at any rate1 ,ma/] ,b]n>d 0 condemn$ to dea?4 ,be=e ! fragile clay t ,god _h model$ into ! cup ( 8 life _h a *ance to be da%$ to e>? by hide\s bigotry1 8 s\l 0 lib]at$ f 8 worn-out body1 & ! headsman's block 0 *eat$ ( ! grace ( be+ ,ma/] ,b]n>d's la/ pill[ on e>?4 ,may heav5 re/ 8 s\l6 ,i %all nev] =get1 little blue book1 h[ ,miss ,sol&] %$ a te> ov] ^? la/ pages1 h[ my own eyes 7 n dry4 ,someh[ ,i ?9k ev]y?+ mu/ h its /ory1 & :5 ,i am 9 ,cleon's h\se or 9 my own1 look+ at ?is ?+ or at t ) ! love a collector holds = ! ?+s ( ye/]day1 ,i am n cont5t ) ! ?+ alone1 b my ?\ghts seek out ! memory ( its /ory4 ,at lea/ x 0 s ) t inimitable saucire ( ,ma/] ,b]n>d ( bless$ memory6 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,italian ,,maiolica ,:e!r "o is a g5]al collector or a collector ( pott]y & porcela9 9 p>ticul>1 ,italian maiolica w be f\nd to be "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( 8l9es10 hi/orically z well z intr9sically4 ,pott]y1 bo? s(t & h>d1 is di/9ct f porcela91 al?\gh ! t]m 8old *9a0 is commonly us$ to embrace ! :ole field ( c]amics--un=tunately1 ,i ?9k1 z x is ( importance to ! collector to be precise 9 ! matt] ( def9itions4 ,pott]y1 z di/+ui%$ f porcela91 is =m$ ( pott]'s clay ) :i* an argillace\s & calc>e\s m>l & s& h be5 mix$4 ,! w>es usually designat$ z e>!nw>e are s(t pott]y4 ,x may be scrat*$ ) a knife or file1 & x is1 g5]ally speak+1 fusible at porcela9 furnace heat4 ,s(t pott]y may be divid$ into f\r sorts3 unglaz$1 lu/r\s1 glaz$1 & enamel$4 ,! great] "p ( ,egyptian1 ,greek ,etruscan1 ,roman m$ieval & mod]n pott]y is unglaz$1 lu/r\s1 or glaz$1 :ile ! c5turies-lat] maiolica ( ,italy is ( ! f\r? sort2 t is1 an enamel$ or /annif]\s glaz$ w>e1 ! art ( mak+ :i* 0 orig9ally le>n$1 we may suppose1 f ei!r ,moori% pott]s ( ,majorca 7"o ( ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s7 or p]haps f c]ta9 ,p]sian s\rces4 ,italian maiolica 0 orig9ally call$ maiorica1 a "n :i* lat] gave way to maiolica1 z ! ,tuscans m (t5 wrote x t way1 ev5 :5 ref]r+ to ! ,isl& ( ,majorca1 z "o may guess f ! rime ( ,dante1 :]e is to be f\nd ref]5ce to 8,tra l'isola di ,cipri ,maiolica40 ,! co>s] w>e ( half-maiolica--mezza-maiolica--is n to be confus$ ) ! true maiolica1 :i* is a t9-enamel$ pott]y1 lu/r$1 al?\gh ! t]m maiolica is g5]ally us$ to designate ! w>e ( bo? sorts4 ,! ,italians ascribe to ,luca della ,robbia ! discov]y ( ! t9-glaze sometime prior to #adch4 ,we h no dat$ piece ( ,flor5t9e or ,tuscan maiolica ant$at+ #adgg1 & ( ?is ye> b "o dat$ example4 ,! next e>lie/ dates--#aejg & #aeji--;appe> on maiolica ( ! ,cafaggiolo fabrique4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 z ,*aff]s tells u1 ,italian maiolica 0 call$ ,raphael ,w>e1 z x 0 believ$1 = a "t1 t ,raphael himself _h tak5 a h& at decorat+ "s ( x--an idea :i* q naturally orig9at$1 z a great _m designs f compositions by ,raphael & o!r great ma/]s appe>$ on maiolica w>e4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 7 copi$ f draw+s & engrav+s4 ,! be/ p]iod ( ?is pott]y 0 subsequ5t to ,raphael's dea?1 :i* took place 9 #aebj4 ,a ,cafaggiolo plate 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum possibly depicts ,raphael & ,la ,=n>9a wat*+ a maiolica-decorator at "w1 sugge/+1 ,i ?9k1 t _h ,raphael himself tak5 a h& at maiolica-pa9t+ t fact w\ld h l$ ! arti/ ( ! plate to %[ ,raphael at su* occupation in/ead ( portray+ him m]ely z an onlook]4 ,aga91 ,raffaello dal ,colle1 :o design$ maiolica = ! wife ( ,guidobaldo ,i1 ,duke ( ,urb9o1 may h be5 confus$ by e>ly /ud5ts ) ,raffaello ,sanzio1 ! great ,raphael4 ,( ! developm5t ( maiolica 9 ,italy1 ,=tnum says3 8,9 ! twelf?1 ?irte5?1 & f\rte5? c5turies native w>es 7 produc$ 9 v>i\s places1 "s ( :i* /ill exi/ 9 ! t[]s & faades ( *ur*es1 & 9 ! faade ( a palace at ,bologna4 ,^! are lead-glaz$1 rudely pa9t$ or ) s+le colors1 & 9 "s in/ances #8sgraffiato1' prov+ t ! use ( a :ite #8slip' or #8engobe' 0 kn[n 9 ,italy at t p]iod1 z affirm$ by ,pass]i1 :o fur!r ass]ts t 9 #acjj ! art assum$ a m decorative "* "u ! lords ( ,pes>o1 ! ,malate/as4 ,an ev51 opaque :ite surface hav+ be5 obta9$1 ! developm5t ( its arti/ic decoration /eadily advanc$4 ,! colors us$ 7 yell[1 gre51 blue1 & black1 to :i* we may add a dull br[ni% r$1 notic$ 9 "s ( ! ,pisan #8bac9i4' ,pass]i /ates t ! reflection ( ! sun's rays f ! concave surfaces ( ^! #8bac9i' at ,pes>o 0 mo/ brilliant1 & h5ce x has be5 wrongly inf]r$ t !y 7 enri*$ ) metallic lu/re40 ,= _m ye>s aft] ! discov]y or at lea/ ! application ( t9-glaze to pott]y 9 ,italy1 l>ge works 7 popul>4 ,b be=e ! end ( ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury ?is practice _h lo/ its vogue4 ,!re 01 on ! o!r h&1 an increas$ dem& = ! tiles1 plates1 etc41 ( ! maiolica1 an enc\ragem5t t l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( num]\s maiolica pott]ies ?r\gh\t nor!rn & c5tral ,italy1 ,romagna & ,tuscany lead+1 & ,urb9o & ,pes>o ris+ to importance 9 ! manufacture ( ?is enamel$ w>e4 ,bo? ,pes>o &1 lat]1 ,gubbio1 _h atta9$ fame = ! pe>ly1 ! gold51 & ! ruby lu/re glaze giv5 _! w>es1 t ( ,gubbio prov+ ! f9e/ 9 ?is respect4 ,d]uta has also laid claim to ! introduction ( ! beautiful madrep]la lu/re4 ,a few ye>s ago ! au?or visit$ ?is t9y1 out-(-!-way village to inspect ! botega ( ! mod]n maiolica-mak]s1 & well recalls ! +5i\s argum5ts advanc$ by ! gift$ director 9 support ( ,d]uta's claim1 :i* left "o conv9c$ until ,pes>o savants 9 turn s\ght to appropriate ! glory = _! own t[n4 ,=tnum says 8! ,pi$montese & ,lomb>d cities d n appe> to h enc\rag$ ! pott]'s art to an equal ext5t 9 ! fifte5? & ! sixte5? c5tury1 & t nei!r c we le>n ( any excell5ce atta9$ 9 ,v5ice till ! e/abli%m5t ( ,d]uta & ,pes>o arti/s 9 t city 9 ! middle ( ! latt] p]iod40 ,=tnum says3 8,p]haps comm]ce did = ! ,que5 ( ! ,adriatic by ! importation ( ,rhodian1 ,damascus1 & o!r ea/]n w>es :at native indu/ry suppli$ to ! pomp & luxury ( ! hill cities ( ,umbria2 = x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! f9] sorts ( enamel$ or glaz$ pott]y1 decorat$ by arti/ic h&s1 7 atta9able only by ! ri*] class ( pur*as]s1 m mode/ w>es or wood5 tr5*]s & ance/ral copp] vessels cont5t+ ! middle class40 ,! art ( maiolica fl\ri%$ likewise 9 ,f]r>a1 ,rim9i1 & ,rav5na4 ,! ,umbrian pott]s probably did n adopt ! use ( :ite /annif]\s glaze be=e ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,f$]igo1 :o succe$$ to ! ,du*y ( ,urb9o 9 #addd1 0 a patron ( ! arts & a great collector4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 9 #adhb1 8 son ,guidobaldo cont9u$ ,f$]igo's patronage ( ! c]amic art4 ,! introduction ( ! maiolica enamel did n1 happily1 lead to ! ab&onm5t ( ! metallic colors & prismatic glazes ( ! e>li] pott]s4 ,au?orities are agre$ t ! ret5tion ( ^! metallic colors & prismatic glazes /imulat$ maiolica manufacture 9 o!r localities4 ,! botega :i* ,mae/ro ,giorgio e/abli%$ 9 ,gubbio at ?is p]iod 0 probably ! great c5t] = ! gold5 & ruby metallic lu/re maiolica4 ,9 8 h&book1 8,maiolica10 ,=tnum says3 8,"s te*nicality 9 ! process ( ! manufacture1 "s local advantage1 or "s secret 9 ! composition1 almo/ a monopoly ( its use 0 e/abli%$ at ,gubbio1 = we h ! evid5ce ( well-kn[n examples t f ! end ( ! fir/ to ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! fifte5? c5tury _m pieces pa9t$ by ! arti/s ( ,pes>o1 ,urb9o1 & ,ca/el ,durante 7 tak5 !re = ! lu/re embelli%m5t40 ,9 ,urb9o ! manufacture ( maiolica rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t 9 #aedj1 9 :i* ye> ,orazio ,fontana1 ,urb9o's greate/ maiolica arti/1 ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! duke4 ,f #aehj ,urb9o maiolica decl9$4 ,!re are exceptionally f9e examples ( e>ly ,italian maiolica 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art & 9 o!r public & private collections 9 ,am]ica4 ,^! ! collector may /udy to advantage4 ,:ile ! pieces ( supreme importance1 l ! canvases ( ! old ma/]s1 are n to be _h = a song1 /ill1 8f9ds0 are possible1 & ev5 lat] pieces ( maiolica are beautiful & fully wor? :ile4 ,su* pieces1 too1 ) ! int]e/+ hi/ory ( ! e>li] objects t inspir$ !m1 %\ld appeal to ! collector4 ,p]haps if ,italian maiolica 7 m /udi$ & und]/ood 9 ?is c\ntry x w\ld be m popul> ) collectors1 b j because s few ( !m are v]s$ 9 its evolution ! advantage accrues to ! collector :o is wide awake en\gh to look ab\t him 9 "t4 ,9 pass+ x ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,e>ly ,italian ,maiolica ,plates ,pes>o1 #aebj-aece ,d]uta1 #af? ,c5tury ,urb9o1 #af? ,c5tury ,gubbio1 #af? ,c5tury ,ca/el ,durante1 #af? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,copies ( ,roman ,millefiori ,glass ,made 9 ,murano1 #ai? ,c5tury ,two ,anci5t ,roman ,millefiore ,glass ,b[ls %\ld be not$ t !re is mu*--"o may well say quantities--( mod]n maiolica to be f\nd 9 ! %ops4 ,mu* ( ?is is v beautiful1 b ! collector w soon h no tr\ble 9 di/+ui%+ x f ! old1 ev5 :5 ! mod]n happ5s to reproduce ! =ms & designs ( ! e>ly pieces4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,glass ,,( ,a ,,?\s& ,,fl[]s ,"t has crumbl$ _m a granite monum5t erect$ to ! memory ( mon>*s ( e>ly ,egyptian dyna/ies1 b a t9y sc5t-bottle ( yell[ glass1 ) ! "n ,am5ophis work$ ^u x 9 blue1 has come d[n to u f ! ,gold5 ,age ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,k+ ,am5ophis little guess$ t 8 fragile gift at life's p>t+ f 8 ,que5 ,?i w\ld survive ! vicissitudes ( ! unguess$ ages t h treat$ ! p$e/al ( 8 ,colossus at ,!bes ) su* scant c\rtesy4 ,yet "h we may hold x 9 ! palm ( a h&1 a lovely tr9ket ^: fragility has defi$ ! boa/ ( bronze or ! /r5g? ( /one6 ,z ,pl9y says1 x is no easy matt] to give novelty to old subjects1 au?ority to new1 to imp>t lu/re to ru/y ?+s1 light to ! obscure & my/]i\s4 ,yet he :o writes ( antiques & curios may f9d ! subject ( old glass s wide a field 9 :i* to br[se t its re/ra9ts seem few inde$ & its int]e/ ( broad appeal4 ,! millefiori glass ( ye/]day & to-day (f]s to ! collector a fasc9at+ /udy4 ,x is ! 8,glass ( a ,?\s& ,fl[]s10 a pretty "n ! ,italians gave x c5turies ago--mille1 a ?\s&1 & fiori1 fl[]s4 ,don't y rememb] :5 y 7 little1 v little1 ! r\nd1 heavy glass pap]-weights into :i* y c\ld look l a cry/al-gaz] & f9d my/]i\sly emb$d$ fl[]-l =ms ( color$ glass8 ,h[ y puzzl$ gr&fa!r's head1 too1 :5 y ask$ him que/ions ab\t x4 ,^! old millefiori pap]-weights--long out ( fa%ion1 alas6--7 b\ght on fai? z curiosities1 & only ! sophi/icat$ age t decre$ su* m>vels unfitt+ ! dignity ( maturity relegat$ !m to hid+-places n[ = ! mo/ "p =gott54 ,! wond]ful /riat$ m>bles1 ! attractive 8glassies0 ( our own ,gold5 ,age1 ma9ta9$ ) u ! tradition ( atta*m5t2 & n[ we h once m begun to display ! pap]-weights ( ! ,?\s& ,fl[]s1 & antiqu>ians are do+ su* brisk bus9ess 9 !m t manufactur]s are almo/ enc\rag$ to place on ! m>ket aga9 ^! int]e/+ objects ( millefiori glass4 ,s9ce ! "t :5 ! obs]v+ ,h]odotus wrote t ! sacr$ crocodiles ( ,memphis wore e>-r+s ( melt$ /one1 ! collect+ ( glass has enc\rag$ its f9] developm5t4 ,! anci5t glass-work]s 7 pr\d en\gh to sign f9e pieces1 ?\gh ^! are excessively r>e4 ,!re 01 = in/ance1 8,africanus1 citiz5 ( ,c>?age1 arti/ 9 glass40 ,n]o 0 an ard5t collector ( f9e pieces ( glass1 collect+ !m 9 8 own peculi> mann]1 z we may inf] f su* anecdotes z t :i* has already be5 relat$ ( ,petronius hav+ brok5 a preci\s b[l 7probably ( murrh9e7 to atoms j be=e 8 dea?1 to prev5t ! possibility ( its fall+ into ! grasp ( ! ,emp]or4 ,s greatly 0 x priz$ at ! "t t its value _h be5 plac$ at a sum n[ equival5t to #bej1jjj6 ,! v high prices paid to-day by museums = bits ( antique glass are v likely to be f> less ?an ! same objects br\ght 9 ,roman times2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 ref]s only to glass ( high arti/ic quality1 su* z w\ld h comm&$ ! att5tion ( connoisseurs contempor>y ) its product4 8,:o10 says ,dr4 ,johnson 9 8,! ,rambl]10 8:5 he saw ! fir/ s& or a%es by a casual int5s5ess ( heat melt$ into metallic =m1 rugg$ ) excresc5ces & cr[d$ ) impurities1 w\ld h imag9$ t 9 ! %apeless lump lay conceal$ s _m conv5i5ces ( life z w\ld 9 "t con/itute a great "p ( ! happ9ess ( ! _w8 ,?us 0 ! fir/ artific] ( glass occupi$1 ?\gh )\t 8 own k or expectation4 ,he 0 facilitat+ & prolong+ enjoym5t ( light1 enl>g+ ! av5ues ( sci5ce & conf]r+ ! highe/ & mo/ la/+ pleasure2 he 0 enabl+ ! /ud5t to contemplate nature & ! beauty to behold h]self40 ,we ne$ n g into ! e>ly hi/ory ( glass "h1 m ?an to say ! anci5ts 7 highly skill$ 9 ! mak+ ( mosaic & millefiori glass1 _! products inspir+ ! millefiori glass ( ! ,v5etians & _! foll[]s 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,"o _c d bett] ?an to quote "h ,m4 ,a4 ,wallace-,dunlop's 8,glass 9 ! ,old ,_w10 a mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive "w1 un=tunately long out ( pr9t4 ,9 ?is volume ! au?or says3 ,no me?od ( glass work+ has probably excit$ m att5tion ?an ! wond]fully m9ute mosaics f\nd scatt]$ ov] ! _w bo? 9 beads & amulets4 ,old writ]s h exhau/$ _! +5uity 9 conjectur+ ! secret ( _! manufacture4 ,_m ( !m are f> too m9ute = human eyes to h execut$1 b l _m o!r m>vels ! explanation is simple :5 once discov]$4 ,!y 7 made 7& are n[ successfully imitat$ 9 ,murano7 by arrang+ long sl5d] glass rods ( v>i\s colors s z to =m a patt]n1 a picture1 or ! lett]s ( a "n1 & !n fus+ !m toge!r & :ile /ill w>m ! rod or cane s =m$ c\ld be drawn out to almo/ any l5g?1 ! patt]n becom+ p]haps microscopically small1 b always reta9+ its di/9ctiv5ess4 ,a tube ( glass treat$ 9 ! same mann] nev] loses a m9ute hole 9 ! middle4 ,?9 slices cut (f su* a rod w\ld pres5t on ea* side 7face7 ! exact picture 7j z ! patt]n appe>s :5 slic+ a cucumb]7 or patt]n orig9ally arrang$4 ,:5 ?is idea _h be5 once sugge/$1 ?\s&s ( patt]ns c\ld h be5 inv5t$1 & slices f ^! rods plac$ 9 liquid blue or o!r color$ glass1 & ca/ 9 a m\ld & gr\nd into %ape1 gave rise to ! endless comb9ations ( ,greek or ,roman work]s--,! ,millefiori glass ( ! ,v5etian republic 0 simply a revival ( ?is old indu/ry4444 ,"u ! ,ptolemies ! ,egyptians acquir$ a r>e p]fection 9 mosaic6 ,we h1 s f> z ,i "k1 no ,roman mosaic or millefiori glass ant$at+ ! reign ( ,augu/us4 ,x is 9 ! ,augu/an age t we fir/ le>n ! "n ( a mosaic glass arti/1 ,proculus ( ,p]9?us1 to :om ! ,alex&rian m]*ants erect$ a /atue4 ,! build+ ( ,/4 ,m>k's 9 ,v5ice1 begun 9 #aaei1 gave impetus to ,italian glass manufacture4 ,) ! fall ( ,con/ant9ople ne>ly a half-c5tury lat]1 _m ,greeks1 skill$ arti/s 9 glass1 und\bt$ly made _! way to ,v5ice & took ?i!r ! secrets ( _! trade4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! e>ly glass-work]s ( ,v5ice & ( ,murano1 :]e lat] ! glass indu/ry c5t]$1 gave curi\s & int]e/$ /udy to ! old mosaics ( ! anci5ts & 9 due c\rse r$iscov]$ ! art ( millefiori & p]fect$ x 9 a mann] t w\ld h caus$ ! ,romans to op5 _! eyes 9 a/oni%m5t4 ,we mu/ n =get t ) ! anci5ts a cry/all9e glass 0 ( great r>ity1 ?\gh color$ glass 0 common en\gh4 ,?us ! cry/all9e products ( ! ,v5etians 7 an a*ievem5t res]v$ = lat] c5turies1 & ?is :ite glass1 9 comb9ation ) ! color$ glasses 0 s skilfully employ$ by ! workm5 & arti/s ( ! ,murano glass factories t no?+ has surpass$ ! ,v5etian products 9 millefiori = %e] +5uity & beauty4 ,(t51 ( c\rse1 millefiori "w 0 c>ri$ to ! extreme ( becom+ less a ?+ ( beauty ?an a t\r de =ce4 ,h[ev]1 ! collector w f9d int]e/ 9 all pieces ( ! sort1 & _! range 0 enorm\s4 ,! glass ( ,v5ice 0 fam\s = its extraord9>y lightness & ?is add$ to its vogue4 ,! ,*apla9 ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 ,rn ,franois1 amus+ly w>n$ ! _w t ,murano 0 fill+ ,europe ) its fantasies ( glass2 b r>e en\gh are ! e>ly specim5s ( ,v5etian manufacture1 m preci\s n[ ?an _! weight 9 gold4 ,aft] all1 !re mu/ always rema9 ! ze/ ( ! *ase 9 ! _s ( ! true collector1 )\t :i* wond]ful f9ds w\ld nev] h be5 made1 ?\gh we ne$ n to g to ! ext5t ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,fiesque1 a lady ( ,l\is ,,xiv's c\rt4 ,?is lady di$ at ,fonta9ebleau 9 great pov]ty at an advanc$ age4 ,hi/orians ( ! gossip ( ! day h laid h] indig5t circum/ances at ! door ( ! rascally man ( bus9ess1 b ,i fancy h] passion = mirrors _h some?+ to d ) x4 ,:5 almo/ 9 ne$ ( bread %e a/oni%$ h] fri5ds by pur*as+ an enorm\sly exp5sive mirror4 8,i _h a piece ( l&10 %e said 9 ext5uation1 8:i* br\ght me 9 no?+ b corn4 ,i sold x1 & ! money procur$ ?is mirror4 ,h ,i n manag$ wond]fully to possess ?is beautiful glass in/ead ( dull corn80 ,d\btless ! c\ntess did manage wond]fully2 cont5tm5t is a great ?+6 ,sev5 hundr$ ye>s ( glass-mak+ 9 ,v5ice produc$ an exp]i5ce t 0 useful to ! re/ ( ,europe & f9ally to ,am]ica4 ,mu* millefiore glass has be5 manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,p5nsylvania ,museum 9 ,philadelphia is especially ri* 9 examples ( x4 ,!re are also _m private collectors ( millefiore glass 9 ?is c\ntry1 "s collect+ specim5s 9 g5]al1 o!rs conf9+ !mselves to examples ( ,am]ican manufacture1 :ile o!rs specialize 9 millefiore pap]-weights already ref]r$ to4 ,! late ,dr4 ,edw9 ,atlee ,b>b]1 a not$ au?ority on ,am]ican glass1 gave 9 ! ,p5nsylvania ,museum ,bullet9 ! foll[+ in=mation conc]n+ ! process ( its mak+3 ,! glass rods us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( mod]n millefiori glass are usually made 9 metal m\lds ( comp>atively l>ge size4 ,! int]ior may be circul> or scallop$4 ,into "o ( ^! m\lds ropes ( color$ glass are arrang$ 9 ! patt]n desir$1 to :i*1 :5 tak5 out1 two workm5 atta* iron rods1 "o at ea* end ( ! mass1 & draw x out until x is ( ! requisite sl5d]ness4 ,! design reta9s its exact proportions ?r\gh ! entire l5g? & is z p]fect 9 a rod ( an eigh? ( an in* diamet] z 9 ! orig9al ?ick cyl9d]4 ,if an animal is to be repres5t$ ! m\ld is cut into ! exact %ape & :5 ! glass is releas$ & drawn out ea* detail ( legs1 tail1 e>s & o!r p>ts is uni=mly reproduc$ 9 solid color s t ev5 9 ! t9ie/ repres5tation ( ! figure e "p appe>s to be p]fectly =m$4 ,sometimes a cane w be compos$ ( _m ?reads ( v>i\s colors & designs1 ea* ( :i* has be5 =m$ 9 ?is mann]1 arrang$ ar\nd a c5tral rod & weld$ toge!r4 ,:5 ! rods are f9i%$ !y are brok5 into small pieces1 or cut into uni=m l5g?s or into ?9 slices1 accord+ to ! sort ( pap]-weights or o!r objects to be made4 ,into an iron r+ ! size ( a pap]weight a cu%ion ( molt5 glass is dropp$ & :ile s(t1 ! sections ( rods are laid on ! surface or /uck 9 x side by side 9 a regul> patt]n1 ! tops ( ! rods be+ press$ into a r\nd$ or convex =m4 ,ov] all m ( ! melt$ glass is p\r$ & ! surface r\nd$ into hemisph]ical %ape by means ( concave spatula ( moi/5$ wood4 ,! la/ process consi/s 9 poli%+ ! surface ( ! curv$ top & ! flat base aft] ! ball has be5 aga9 heat$4 ,dr4 ,b>b] 0 au?ority = ! /atem5t t ! millefiore pap]-weights f\nd _! way into ,am]ica f ,/4 ,l\is 9 ,alsace-,lorra9e 7fir/ to produce pap]-weights ( ! sort1 circa #ahdj7 & f ,bacc>at 9 ,france4 ,to ! manufactories ( ! latt] t[n we look = ! f9e/ ( ! ,european millefiore pap]-weights4 ,at fir/ ! filigree rods1 cut or uncut1 7 import$2 b soon ,am]ican glass-work]s turn$ _! att5tion to ! complete production1 & we may m>k ! p]iod ( #ahfj to #ahge z t ( ! heyday ( ,am]ican-made millefiori glass4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t all ! ,am]ican millefiori glass has be5 pick$ up or pick$ ov]2 !re is mu* ( x rema9+ to rew>d vigilant se>* & ! collector w f9d x well wor? go+ aft]4 ,out-(-!-way villages 9 ! ,ea/ & ,s\? /ill secrete _m su* pieces1 & s does ! h\sehold] ( ! ,middle ,we/2 :ile "o f9ds ,pacific-w>d examples ( ! old ,glass ( a ,?\s& ,fl[]s t _h s great a popul>ity be=e ! ,c5t5nial turn$ ! c\ntry to fre% +5uities4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,antiques ,,( ,,p]sia ,,& ,,( ,,india ,once ^u a "t an old g5tleman mov$ into ! h\se across ! /reet4 ,:5ce he came no "o knew1 no "o ev] came to "k4 ,8 "n 0 ,kyttyle--,major ,kyttyle4 ,z midsumm] m>k$ 8 adv5t1 he probably felt prop]ly attir$ :5 he appe>$ on ! lawn t fir/ day1 to survey 8 new doma91 9 a basket-%ap$ hat ( /raw & a suit ( ,ea/-,india-look+ /uff4 ,major ,kyttyle's face 0 seam$ & bronz$4 ,i imag9e 8 hair w\ld h be5 z :ite z ! sn[s ( ,dhawalaghiri _h x n be5 z ext9ct z ! ,hippuritid1 reveal+ a %9+ p9k dome z reflect+ z ! pool ( ,anuradhapura at sunset1 visible z n[ & !n he w\ld lift 8 hat to mop 8 br[4 ,major ,kyttyle's in/allation 0 foll[$ by ! arrival ( c\ntless =eign-look+ trunks & boxes & ! neighborhood naturally wond]$ :at on e>? ! major _h 9 !m4 ,mrs4 ,m9* 0 ( ! op9ion t a lone man c\ld h no use = su* a lot ( truck4 ,mrs4 ,bittles v5tur$ ! op9ion t ,major ,kyttyle might n be s 8lone0 aft] all2 he might h a family & x might arrive lat]4 8,families0 usually did4 ,mrs4 ,m9* only sniff$4 8,i c tell a ba*elor any:]e10 %e decl>$ ) conviction4 ,& %e c\ld4 ,h[ev]1 al?\gh no family came ^u ! sc5e1 a :ole m5ag]ie arriv$ "o by "o1 f di/ant p>ts1 to keep ! major company & to sc&alize ! t[n4 ,!re 0 a pet monkey1 a poll p>rot1 a ,p]sian cat1 & a globe ( diaphan\s-tail$ goldfi% ! l ( :i* _h nev] be5 dream$ ( !reab\ts & :i* q put to r\t ! two gild$ m9n[s own$ by ! ,pickhams1 :i* till !n _h be5 ! only exotics 9 ! di/rict & _h l5t a c]ta9 di/9ction to ! ,pickhams to :i*1 socially1 _! bre$+ did n entitle !m4 ,z "t w5t on ,major ,kyttyle br\ght to him a few cong5ial spirits & yet ! little gr\p really f\nd out no?+ ab\t ! major's pa/ beyond ! fact t he _h liv$ 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ = ye>s4 ,:y he _h come to ,am]ica no "o knew4 ,:y he _h settl$ 9 our unev5tful valley no "o c\ld guess4 ,9 fact1 delib]ately to *oose ! spot 0 ?\ght to be an indication ( m5tal weakness4 ,b if !re is any?+ t ! major 0 n1 t ?+ is m5tally weak4 ,no "o else c\ld h _h ! w p[] & +5uity to evade z successfully z did ?is g5tleman ( my/]y1 ! life-hi/ory disclosures s\ght by ! ,m9*es & o!rs :o came to 8"k0 ! major4 ,not)/&+ ,mrs4 ,m9*'s e>li] disapproval ( ! numb] ( trunks & boxes :i* ! 8lone man0 appe>$ to h accumulat$1 %e came 9 "t to revise h] op9ion :5 x 0 discov]$ t1 ?\gh dec5t1 ! major's w>drobe _h n compris$ 8 luggage1 :]eas wond]ful objects ( ,ori5tal art at once made x cle> t ! trunks & boxes _h be5 put to a v excell5t & approv$ good use :5 _! unpack+ f\nd ! major's h\se adorn$ ) treasures 9 ! way ( pott]y1 brasses1 rugs1 damasc5$ arms1 ,p]sian m9iatures1 ,indian enamels1 gem-encru/$ jades1 & :at n4 ,frankly1 ,major ,kyttyle might h be5 z mis]able ) 8 treasures z 0 ,midas ) 8 en*antm5t _h x n be5 t "s ( 8 neighbors 7 p]sons ( culture & !mselves n only appreciative ( art b v]s$ 9 "s ( its bran*es4 ,o!rwise ! major w\ld h _h to dep5d on :i/1 :i*1 by ! way1 he play$ poorly & to :i* he 0 devot$4 ,z = ! m5ag]ie1 x s]v$ to br+ out ! fact t ! major ador$ *ildr54 ,8 y>d 0 always full ( !m aft] s*ool let out4 ,at fir/ ^? fond mo!rs :o c\ld n be p]suad$ t ! major's sev]al ,ea/-,indian s]vants 7 n "o & ! same ) ! tribe ( ! son ( ,hag>1 7 mu* di/ress$1 b :5 ^! did n /eal =? l pi$ pip]s1 !y conclud$ t p]haps !y w]5't gypsies aft] all4 ,good old ,major ,kyttyle1 h[ grateful ,i am t1 my/]i\s ?\gh y 71 y p]mitt$ me to br[se = h\rs among ! curi\s & beautiful ?+s ( ! ,ori5t t appeal$ to my *ild-fancy6 ,& ! m>vel\s tales y w\ld tell u ( _! hi/ory6 ,h[ pati5t y 7 ) our eag] qu]ies6 ,y %\ld h be5 atta*$ to "s great museum1 to int]pret its ho>d+s to ! s\l ( ! p4 ,x 0 9 y\r h\se1 9 ! h\se ( ! /rang] :o _h come among u1 t ,i =m$ "s k ( ! arts ( ,india & ( ,p]sia1 a k t made "s ( ! beautiful ?+s :i* _h f\nd _! way f ! ,f> ,ea/ into my own home great] joys to behold ?an ev] be=e4 ,i suppose ,i might h tak5 d[n "o ( ! heavy volumes ( t va/ encyclop$ia :i* s =midably ?w>t$ y\?'s ent]prise ?\gh adv]tis$ to fo/] x1 & h read !re9 mu* ( :at 0 told me 9 less p$antic & less academic /yle by ! major4 ,if ,i h seem$ to l+] beyond ! limits ( a preface x is n t ,i />t$ out to write a eulogy ( ,major ,kyttyle1 b r t 9 :at ,i am say+ ,i hope !re c be f\nd "s h9t ( ! true/ sort ( collect+1 ! noble/ sort ( a collector--"o :o uses 8 collection z a prea*] uses 8 text1 happily disc\rs+ to att5tive e>s & n %utt+ himself up ) 8 treasures1 l a m$ieval monk ( old ) book 9 cell4 ,! good major w5t to 8 re/ long s9ce4 ,we _h suppos$ him out ( ! l& ( ,india1 n only because we glean$ f 8 /ories t he _h sp5t long ye>s 9 s]vice !re1 b also because ( 8 atta*m5t = ! arts ( ,india1 :i* he seem$ to hold above ^? ( ,p]sia4 ,b :5 8 grave 0 m>k$1 ! granite %aft provid$ 9 8 w z a la/ luxury bore simply ?is leg5d1 8,kyttyle ( ,khorassan40 ,mrs4 ,m9* 0 jubilant4 8,:at did ,i tell y8 ,a ,p]sian6 ,"o nev] kn[s :at ) ^! my/]i\s p40 ,x is only )9 ! la/ half-doz5 ye>s t ! arts ( ,india & ( ,p]sia h attract$ mu* att5tion ) ,am]icans 9 g5]al4 ,happily1 we are out ( t /age :]e ev]y?+ ,asiatic is class$ z ei!r 8,turki%0 or 8,*9ese40 ,! field "h = collection is a broad "o & naturally embraces a myriad ( objects4 ,private collections & public collections ( ! arts ( ,p]sia & ( ,india1 includ+ ^? ( ,ceylon1 are gr[+ apace4 ,good ?+s & f9e ?+s are appe>+ 9 public sales & are /ill to be pick$ up 9 antique-%ops by ! discrim9at+ "o :o has tak5 ! tr\ble to /udy ! subject4 ,=tunately1 ! collector n[ has at h& su* excell5t books = ref]5ce z ! v>i\s works by ,an&a ,coom>aswamy1 ,v9c5t ,smi?1 ,m>t91 ,birdwood1 ,havell1 ,h5dley1 & o!rs4 ,( ,p]sian objets d'art an anoym\s writ] 9 ! article on ,p]sia 9 8,! ,ev]yman ,encyclopdia0 has said3 ,! arts & crafts ( ,p]sia h suff]$ t]ribly f ! /ate ( misrule4 ,always arti/ic by nature1 _m beautiful arts 7 !irs1 ! secret ( :i* has be5 =gott5 ?r\gh ! ye>s ( civil w> & tr\ble4 ,among !m ! exquisite lu/re-w>e1 *>m+ 9 design & color+1 is n[ difficult to obta94 ,! enamel "w = :i* !y 7 once fam\s is a lo/ art2 =m]ly tiles ( ?is "w1 exquisite 9 color & beautiful 9 patt]n1 7 freely produc$1 & _m wond]ful specim5s h be5 sav$ f anci5t ru9s1 & _m are /ill ! glory ( mosques & %r9es2 ! pr$om9at+ color 0 a v beautiful turquoise blue 9 v>i\s %ades1 & a r$-gold5 lu/re :i* gave ! "w a peculi> iridesc5ce4 ,jugs & bas9s 9 ?is enamel "w h be5 sav$1 exce$+ly beautiful 9 =m & patt]n4 ,silv] "w & brass "w 0 an anci5t indu/ry2 v little is done n[4 ,c>v$ wood1 inlaid ) ivory & "m-(-pe>l1 is /ill made to "s ext5t1 also seal-cutt+4 ,! ,p]sian art :i* fl\ri%$ 9 anci5t times influ5c$ ,greek1 ,roman & ,byzant9e art1 & 0 ! fa!r ( ,s>ac5ic art & ar*itecture1 :i* has travell$ f> s9ce its bir?4 ,p]sia has ev] be5 fam$ = its textiles--n only embroid]ies & pr9t$ cottons b m>vel\s rugs :i* /& supreme 9 beauty4 ,! old rugs ( ,p]sia 7 ance/ors ( ! c>pet ( o!r l&s4 ,9 ?is connection x is wor? not+ t ! ,p]sians nev] made !mselves ridicul\s by ! application ( inappropriate design4 ,y w n f9d an old ,p]sian rug patt]n$ ) =mal b\quets ti$ ) blue ribbons1 sugge/+ a gift be+ trodd5 und]foot4 ,a ,p]sian floral patt]n$ c>pet w sugge/ fl[]s & v]due 9 _! wild /ate z ! /roll] might *ance to f9d !m4 ,al?\gh ! impress ( ! art ( ! ,*9ese c]amici/ & ( ! %awl-weav]s ( ,ca%m]e ex]t$ "s influ5ce ^u ! ,p]sians1 /ill ! art ( ,p]sia f e>lie/ times has reta9$ a national di/9ction4 ,ne>ly all are objects f ! e>li] p]iods n[ to be met ) date f ! reign ( ! %ah ,abbas ! ,great 7#aehf-afbh7 :5 ! native art manufactur]s rea*$ _! greate/ degree ( excell5ce4 ,!nce onw>d came ! decl9e4 ,we h only to consid] ! fact t arti/ic ornam5tation 0 appli$ to innum]able objects 9 daily s]vice to realize h[ widely diffus$ 0 ! ta/e = art among ! ,p]sians4 ,!y h truly be5 always an art-lov+ p4 ,"s "o has aptly rem>k$ t e home 9 ,india is a nurs]y ( art1 & ,i ?9k ?is mu/ once h be5 true ( ! home 9 ,p]sia4 ,apropos ( ,p]sian ornam5t x may be rem>k$ t ! native arti/s h always delight$ 9 v>i$ & symmetrical patt]ns ( great intricacy4 ,ext]nal beauty1 too1 seems to h be5 s\ght1 r ?an intr9sic ?or\gh excell5ce ( fabrique1 except+1 ( c\rse1 ! products ( ! ,p]sian looms & ! works ( ! ma/]s 9 metal4 ,z to ,p]sian pott]y1 x has always be5 m or less ( a puzzle to antiqu>ians4 ,! anci5t pieces 9 a p]fect /ate ( pres]vation are exce$+ly few & r>e1 & all h be5 recov]$ f ru9$ areas4 ,!re yet rema9 va/ areas to be excavat$ by ent]pris+ antiqu>ian exp$itions & lat] ef=ts are sure to be productive4 ,! anci5t lu/re fai5ce dates back _m c5turies4 ,its g5re 0 c>ri$ d[n z late z #aehf4 ,! f9e/ ,p]sian w>e resembles ,*9ese porcela9 some:at1 hav+ a :ite gr\nd ) azure-blue decoration 9 bold1 free designs4 ,! pa/e is h>d & ! color is n bl5d$ ) ! glaze4 ,lat] specim5s ( ?is g5re h less good design1 bl5d+ color1 & a glaze %[+ great] vitrification4 ,a second sort ( ,p]sian fai5ce is ?ick]1 %[s a dep>ture f ,*9ese influ5ce some:at1 has a s(t] & m por\s pa/e1 is bright] 9 ! blue1 has a less ev5 glaze1 & a less well-drawn design4 ,r$ ent]s1 z also relief & gaufrures4 ,a ?ird sort ( w>e is d5s] & h>d]1 ( blacki% color on a :ite gr\nd1 ) ?ick glaze1 & "s pieces h be5 v>ni%$ ) s+le color4 ,su* pieces 9 ?is g5re z exhibit figures 9 ! decoration %[ ^! )\t faces1 :i* w\ld sugge/ t ?is class ( pott]y 0 ! product ( ,p]sian pott]s ( ! ,mussulman ,sunnis sect1 a sect m rigidly oppos$ to pres5t+ ! human face 9 art ?an t ( ! ,%iahs4 ,a f\r? sort ( w>e is :ite & transluc5t1 ( /ill h>d] pa/e1 & be>+ no m>ks or mak]s4 ,i h se5 ?is w>e only 9 small pieces4 ,x is r>e & is usually /yl$ porcela9e blan*e de ,p]se4 ,a fif? sort ( fai5ce is also translucid1 v ?91 & ornam5t$ ) lacy designs4 ,! ru9s ( ,rhages h yield$ examples ( ! six? sort ( fai5ce1 a common pott]y ( r$di% clay v>ni%$ ) s+le color1 & all some:at 9 imitation ( ! celadon porcela9 ( ,*9a4 ,! gre5 & bronze v>ni% is (t5 v beautiful4 ,"s ( ^! pieces h designs 9 relief & gaufrure4 ,! fai5ce tiles ( ,p]sia are among its mo/ int]e/+ & beautiful c]amic rema9s4 ,mo/ ( ^! tiles date f su* ,seljuk or ,mogul rul]s z ,malik-,%ah 7#ajgb71 ,hulagu ,khan 7#abef71 & ,ghazan ,khan 7#abie74 ,india has nev] produc$ any?+ l a porcela94 ,ev5 pott]y ( ! glaz$ sort r>ely appe>$ previ\s to ! ,mussulman tile products1 :i* tile products 7 ! =]unn]s ( ! mod]n glaz$ w>es fabricat$ 9 ,multan1 ,jeypore1 & ,bombay4 ,h[ev]1 unglaz$ pott]y has be5 common ?r\gh\t ,india = c\ntless c5turies4 ,9 speak+ ( ,h9du & ,buddhi/ art ,an&a ,com>aswamy writes 78,! ,arts & ,crafts ( ,india & ,ceylon073 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,ew] & ,bas9 ,b9dri ,w>e1 ,india1 #ah? ,c5tury ,poly*rome ,p]sian ,tiles1 #ag? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,*9ese ,porcela9 ( ,! ,kang ,h'si ,p]iod1 #affb-agbc ,j>1 ,famille ,rose ,j>1 ,blue ,haw?orn ,vase1 ,famille ,noire ,vase1 ,celadon ,i d n =get t 9 almo/ e art & craft1 z also 9 music1 !re exi/s 9 ,h9du/an a complete & fri5dly fusion ( ! two cultures4 ,! non-sect>ian "* ( ! /yles ( ,indian art has inde$ always be5 conspicu\s2 s t x is (t5 only by special details t "o c di/+ui% ,ja9 f ,buddhi/ /upas1 ,buddhi/ f ,h9du sculpture1 or ! ,h9du f ! ,mussulman m9or crafts4 ,! "o great di/9ction ( ,mughal f ,h9du art is n s mu* racial z social2 ! =m] is an art ( c\rts & connoisseurs1 ow+ mu* to individual patronage2 ! latt] belongs z mu* to ! folk z to ! k+s4 ,! allur+ arts ( ! ,ea/ are well wor? "o's /udy1 well des]v+ ( "o's en?usiasm4 ,p]haps ! illu/rations ( "s ( ! antiques ( ,p]sia & ( ,india "h reproduc$ f photographs ( "s ( ! f9e examples to be f\nd w awak5 an int]e/ 9 ! subject 9 "s :o *ance ^u !m4 ,i only hope ! _w holds m ,major ,kyttyles ( rev]$ memory1 & t y1 too1 may h ! good =tune to be br\ght into communion ) su* treasures z made ! major's home vie ) our conceptions ( ! palace ( ,aladd91 treasures :i* 9 "t br\ght ev5 ! ,pickhams to =give ! major 8 diaphan\s-tail$ goldfi%1 to feel no long] ! /+ ( ! insignificance ( _! poor little gild$ m9n[s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,*9ese ,,porcela9s ,n to "k some?+ ( ,*9ese porcela9s1 _! hi/ory & _! p]iods1 is to be d5i$ a pleasurable int]e/4 ,! old porcela9s ( ,*9a are ! ance/ors ( all *9a-w>es ( ! _w1 & nev] h ! f9e/ antique fabriques ( ! ,cele/ial ,k+dom be5 surpass$ or ev5 equal$ 9 beauty & texture4 ,! pott]'s craft1 z we all "k1 _h its orig9 9 ! dim ages ( ! pa/4 ,ev5 ! discov]y ( true porcela9 mu/ be dat$ s f> back t we h no au!ntic record ( ! era ( its orig94 ,! lit]ature ( ,*9a ascribes ! inv5tion ( true porcela9 to "s tw5ty-five hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 b we _c be c]ta9 t ! art ( porcela9-mak+ 0 kn[n & practis$ until1 p]haps1 aft] ! sev5? c5tury4 ,:ile ,*9ese lit]ature ( ! e>ly p]iods ab\nds 9 ref]5ces to porcela91 we h n a s+le au!ntic dat$ piece ( ! v e>ly dyna/ies4 ,x seems plausible to advance ! !ory t true porcela9 0 an inv5tion or discov]y ( ! ,han dyna/y 7#bjf ,b4,c474 ,! ,japanese writ] ,okakura-,kakuzo has sugge/$ t to ! al*emi/s ( ! ,han dyna/y came accid5tally ! discov]y ( ! wond]ful porcela9 glaze4 ,! lit]ature by ,*9ese au?ors ( ! ,t'ang dyna/y is ri* 9 ref]5ces to porcela94 ,! poet ,tu 7#hjc-heb71 = in/ance1 says3 ,! porcela9 ( ! ,ta-yi kilns is light yet /rong1 ,x r+s ) a l[ jade note & is fam$ ?r\gh\t ! city4 ,! f9e :ite b[ls surpass ho> fro/ & sn[4 ,! :ite b[ls ( ,hs+-*\ 9 ,*ihli & ! blue b[ls ( ,yu5-*\ 9 ,*e-kiang 7 highly e/eem$ & celebrat$ 9 song & /ory4 ,_! resonance ( tone 0 su* t musicians 7 said to h utiliz$ !m4 ,! ,arabs & ,*9ese 7 conduct+ a fl\ri%+ trade dur+ ! eigh? & n9? c5turies4 ,to ,soleyman1 "o ( ! e>ly ,arabian trad]s :o wrote an acc\nt ( 8 j\rney+s1 we owe ! fir/ m5tion ( ,*9a 9 ! lit]ature ( ! _w outside ! empire4 8,9 ,*9a10 said he1 8!y h a v f9e clay :i* !y manufacture vases f1 z transp>5t z glass2 wat] is se5 ?r\gh !m40 ,bu%ell 78,*9ese ,art10 vol4 ,,ii7 tells u t 9 ! "t ( ! ,emp]or ,%i ,tsung 7#ied-iei7 ( ! brief ,po/]ior ,*\ dyna/y e/abli%$ at ,k'ai-fng-fu prior to ! ,sung dyna/y1 an imp]ial rescript ord]$ porcela9 8z blue z ! sky1 z cle> z a mirror1 z ?9 z pap] & z resonant z a musical /one ( jade40 ,all ! porcela9s ( ! times we h ref]r$ to seem long s9ce to h disappe>$ & ! only k ( !m :i* we h to-day is ?r\gh ! lit]ature ( _! contempor>y writ]s4 ,! ,sung dyna/y 7#ifj-abhj71 ! ,yuan dyna/y 7#abhj-acfg71 & ! ,m+ dyna/y 7#acfh-afdc7 op5 up to u sur] k z specim5s ( ! "t are available to /ud5ts4 ,! porcela9s ( ! ,sung & ,yuan dyna/ies may be class$ toge!r4 ,! c]amic production 7yao7 made 9 ! prov9ce ( ,honan 9 ! t[n n[ call$ ,ju-*\-fu--a ,sung dyna/y porcela9 !re=e designat$ z ,ju-,yao--/&s fam\s = ! qualities ( its blues1 :i* ,*9ese poets assure u rival ! blue blossoms ( ! ,vitex incisa1 ! ,*9ese 8,sky ,blue ,fl[]40 ,! imp]ial w>e ( ! ,sung dyna/y 0 ! ,kuan ,yao 7two ,*9ese words signify+ 8(ficial c]amic kiln074 ,!n !re 0 ! ,yo ,yao porcela91 ! e>ly crackl$ w>e2 & ! ,t+ ,yao1 a porcela9 hav+ a delicate resonant body4 ,?is seems to be ! mo/ commonly met ) among ! w>es ( ! ,sung p]iod4 ,! ,lung-*'an ,yao ( ! ,sung w>es is ! fam$ ,celadon w>e made 9 ! prov9ce ( ,*e-kiang4 ,! ,celadon w>e ( ?is dyna/y is di/+ui%$ by its onion-spr\t gre5 color4 ,! ,celadon w>es ( lat] p]iods turn m ei!r to greyi% gre5s or to sea-gre5 hues4 ,! ,*n yao fai5ce 0 ! product ( ,*n-*\1 n[ ,y-*\1 a t[n ( ! prov9ce ( ,honan4 ,m>vel\s inde$ 7 its glazes ( unsurpass$ brilliancy & beauty ( color4 ,! transmutation flambs 7 especially notable4 ,9 ! reign ( ,yung ,*5g 7#agbc7 ! emp]or s5t a li/ ( ,*n-*\ pieces to be reproduc$ by ! imp]ial pott]ies 9 ,*ung-te-*51 f :i* 7record ( ?is be+ extant7 we are able to glean "s k ( ! great v>iety ( glaze colors ( ! e>li] p]iod4 ,9 ?is li/ appe>$ crimson-rose1 japonica-p9k1 sky-blue1 plum-color1 d>k purple1 millet-yell[1 flambs1 etc4 ,e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury all ^! glazes & colors 7 reproduc$ ) m>vel\s skill1 b ! new :ite body 0 probably inf9itely sup]ior to ! e>ly body4 ,! ,*i5 ,yao ,w>e ( ! ,sung dyna/y 0 produc$ 9 ,fu-ki5 prov9ce1 :]e lu/r\s black-enamel$ tea c]emonial cups 7 manufactur$4 ,^! 7 dappl$ ) specks ( :ite resembl+ ! effect ( h>e's fur & p>tridge brea/s4 ,! ,japanese treasure ^! pieces1 to :i* !y h giv5 ! "n 8,h>e-fur ,cups10 above almo/ any o!r v>ieties ( ,*9ese porcela94 ,we n[ come to ! ,m+ dyna/y1 & 9 ! reign ( ,wan-li 7#aegc-afai7 ! art ( mak+ & decorat+ porcela9 _h s advanc$ t native contempor>ies 7 fond ( decl>+ !re 0 no?+ t c\ld n be made ( ! porcela94 ,! cobalt blues came into favor 9 ?is p]iod1 & x is also ! "t ( ! fam$ 8,mohamm$an blue40 ,european & ,am]ican collectors h giv5 a great deal ( att5tion to ! blue-&-:ite porcela9s t came 9 ) ! close ( ! ,m+ dyna/y4 ,x 0 betwe5 #affb & #agbb1 h[ev]1 t ! v fl[] ( ! blue-&-:ite porcela9 0 produc$4 ,?is m>ks ! reign ( ,k'ang ,hsi4 ,! ,k'ang ,hsi p]iod 7#affb-agbb7 0 ! culm9at+ "o ( ,*9ese c]amic art4 ,( ?is porcela91 ,bu%ell says3 ,! brilliant r5aissance ( ! art :i* di/+ui%es ! reign ( ,k'ang ,hsi is %[n 9 e class2 9 ! s+le-color$ glazes1 la qualit matresse de la cramique2 9 ! pa9t$ decorations ( ! gr& feu1 ( ! jewel-l enamels ( ! muffle-kiln1 & ( _! manifold comb9ations2 9 ! pulsat+ vig\r ( e %ade ( blue 9 ! inimitable 8blue & :ite40 ,he also tells u porcela9s ( ! famille v]te class p]vade ! p]iod :ile ^? ( ! famille rose class may be said to h u%]$ 9 its close4 ,! gre5s t give ! porcela9s ( ! famille v]te & ! famille rose classes _! names are inde$ gem-l 9 _! beauty4 ,preci\s1 too1 to ! collector are ! ,blue-& ,:ite or ! ,black ,haw?orn ,j>s ( ! p]iod4 ,haw?orn is a misnom]1 = ! prunus blossom & n ! ,haw?orn blossom furni%es ! motif ( ! decoration4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! ,prunus blossoms 9 ! :ite on ! blue gr\nd cross$ by :ite zigzag l9es repres5ts to ! ,ori5tal fancy ! fl[]s fall+ on ice break+ up 9 ! spr+time4 ,! ma/] quality ( f9e porcela9 is its glaze & ! glazes ( old ,*9ese porcela9s h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,! reigns ( ,yung ,*ng & 8 celebrat$ son1 ,*'i5 ,lung1 :o l5d "n to ! p]iod f #agbc to #agif1 su/a9$ ! p]fection ( ,*9ese porcela94 ,! decad5ce ( ! art beg9s ) ! mod]n p]iod1 f #agif to ! pres5t4 ,! m>ks on ,*9ese porcela9s are v>i\s 9 "* & come "u "o or m ( ! foll[+ divisions3 m>ks ( date1 hall-m>ks1 m>ks ( d$ication & good wi%es1 m>ks 9 praise ( ! piece ( porcela9 inscrib$1 symbols1 & o!r pictorial m>ks & pott]s' m>ks4 ,x is n necess>y "h to g into ! intricacies ( ^!1 b !y furni% a fasc9at+ /udy4 ,?is1 too1 is true ( ! designs t are to be f\nd on ! decorat$ pieces ( ,*9ese porcela94 ,! casual obs]v] w pick up a piece & admire or dismiss x on ! judgm5t ( ! g5]al impression x makes ^u 8 arti/ic s5sibilities4 ,n s ) ! connoisseur1 :o takes into consid]ation color1 texture1 glaze1 &1 q z mu* z ^! 7s f> z intellectual int]e/ is conc]n$71 ! /ory ! design tells4 ,! porcela9s ( ,*9a1 l ! sword-gu>ds ( ,japan1 (f] ! native arti/s a va/ weal? ( my?ological & folklore subjects4 ,!n symbolism & occasion are closely cem5t$ 9 ,ori5tal ?\ght1 & if ! collector ( old ,*9ese porcela9s f9ds _! decoration puzzl+ at times 9 its significance1 h[ absorb+ are its unravel+s6 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,que5 ,elizabe? ! ,we/]n _w has recogniz$ ! beauty & ! decorative value ( ! porcela9s ( ,*9a1 & at no "t h !y sunk 9 reg>d4 ,r>ities are no long] likely to be f\nd hidd5 away1 or acquir$ = a posy4 ,at ! same "t1 ! possession ( a s+le object & "s k ( ! evolution 9 c]amics t l$ to x are int]e/+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,*9ese ,,& ,,japanese ,,lacqu] ,few pieces ( ! lacqu] ( ,*9a & ( ,japan rea*$ ! h&s ( collectors be=e ! beg9n+ ( =eign trade by ,*9a & ! op5+ ( ,japan 9 ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury4 ,j h[ few may be guess$ f ! fact t ! ,ori5tals :o all[$ ov] sixte5 ?\s& pieces ( porcela9 to be export$ to ,europe 9 "o ( ! ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury p]mitt$ b twelve pieces ( lacqu] to leave _! %ores4 ,& h[ eag]ly ^! bits 7 s\ght by ! collectors ( ! "t6 ,m>ie ,anto9ette 0 "o ( !m1 & ! ,m>quise de ,pompad\r ano!r4 ,! collection ( ! =m] ( "s hundr$ pieces is pres]v$ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,l\vre4 ,madame de ,pompad\r 01 9 all probability1 a collector ( great] discrim9ation4 ,%e possess$ r>e arti/ic s5se1 & ! hundr$ & t5 ?\s& livres ! m>quise exp5d$ on h] collection tempt$ ev5 ! %ut doors ( ,asia6 ,lacqu] und\bt$ly orig9at$ 9 ,*9a4 ,j :51 we may n "k1 b x is ( anci5t ance/ry4 ,9 fact1 lacqu] z a mat]ial has be5 us$ = c5turies by ! ,*9ese 9 indu/rial art4 ,we c imag9e t lacqu] 0 at fir/ employ$ z a pres]vative = ! woodwork on :i* x 0 us$ z a coat+1 develop+ z "t w5t on into a m$ium = arti/ic "w ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,lacqu] is n an artificial mixture su* z our copal & o!r v>ni%es b is pr9cipally ! natural product ( ! ,rhus v]nicif]a1 ! ,*9ese lac tree1 ,*'i %u4 ,!re=e x is virtually 8ready-made0 :5 extract$4 ,! tree ab\nds 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,*9a & is assidu\sly cultivat$ = its valuable sap4 ,usually wood1 mo/ frequ5tly c$> or magnolia1 ?or\ghly dri$ & season$1 =ms ! basis ( lacqu]$ objects4 ,! =m is ?9ly b securely con/ruct$ & prim$4 ,! surface is c>efully gr\nd d[n & coat$ ?ickly ) a prep>$ v>ni%4 ,?is surface1 :5 dry1 is 9 turn made smoo? by abrasion4 ,next ?is base is v skilfully cov]$ ) a lay] ( specially prep>$ silk1 pap]1 or a clo? wov5 ( hemp fib]s1 all dep5d+ ^u ! size & project$ quality ( ! article4 ,successive coats ( ! prep>$ v>ni% are !n appli$1 ea* be+ all[$ ?or\ghly to dry4 ,f9ally ! lac is appli$1 lay] aft] lay]1 spread on at fir/1 & !n add$ to by means ( f9e bru%es ( human hair4 ,^? p>ts ( lacqu]-"w :i* /& =? 9 relief are fir/ built up ) a lacqu] 8putty0 ( special prep>ation4 ,!re are nev] less ?an ?ree or m ?an eighte5 lay]s ( lacqu] employ$1 ?or\gh dry+ requisite to ea* sep>ate lay]4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t sev]al hundr$ h\rs may be tak5 up ) ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd+ be=e ! actual lacqu]+ is begun6 ,) a pa/e ( :ite lead ! arti/ outl9es 8 design4 ,next he fills 9 ! detail ) gold & colors1 ov] :i* a coat ( transp>5t lacqu] is appli$4 ,9 ! reign ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,m+ dyna/y 9 ,*9a1 ,hung ,wu1 !re 0 publi%$ ! 8,ko ku yao lun0 7,a4,d4 #achg71 a le>n$ antiqu>ian1 art1 & lit]>y "w writt5 by ,tsao ,*'ao1 & compris$ 9 ?irte5 books4 ,f ?is we le>n ( ! foll[+ sorts ( lacqu] !n held 9 e/eem3 anci5t rh9oc]os horn reproductions1 c>v$ r$ lacqu]1 pa9t$ r$ lacqu]1 lacqu] ) gold reliefs1 pi]c$ lacqu]1 & lacqu] ) "m-(-pe>l incru/ations4 ,tsao ,*'ao's erudition enables u1 ,i ?9k1 to trace ,*9ese lacqu]-"w back to ! ,sung dyna/y ) reasonable c]ta9ty4 ,ano!r ,*9ese writ]1 ,*ang ,y+-w51 wrote a little book1 ! 8,*'+ pi ts'ang0 or 8,collections ( ,arti/ic ,r>ities10 :i* describes objects %[n 9 an art exhibition held 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kiang-su 9 ! spr+ ( #aegj4 ,aft] ref]5ces to lacqu]s ( ! ,yuan & ! ,sung dyna/ies he says 9 effect3 ,9 ?is our ,m+ ,dyna/y c>v$ lacqu] ( ! reign ( ,yung ,lo 9 ! ,kuo ,yuan ,*'ang factory1 & t made 9 ! reign ( ,hsan ,t 0 surpass+ 9 its color ( c9nab> hue & also 9 its craftsman%ip z well z 9 *>act]s ( ! calligraphic inscriptions incis$ und]nea? ! pieces4 ,!re 0 a notable revival ( int]e/ 9 lacqu]-"w 9 ! ye>s t foll[$ ! upset condition ( ,*9a dur+ ! close ( ! ,m+ p]iod1 :5 lacqu]-"w 0 ( necessity neglect$4 ,dur+ ! lifetime ( ,emp]or ,*'i5 ,lung 7#agcf-agif71 ,pre d',inc>ville1 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy & a ,jesuit savant ( note1 wrote a 8,memoire sur le ,v]nis de la ,*9e10 publi%$ ) illu/rations 9 #agfj4 ,we f9d him say+3 8,si en ,*9e les ,pr9ces et les gr&s ont de belles pices de v]nis1 ce sont des pices faites p\r l',emp]eur1 qui en donne1 ou ne reoit pas t\tes celles qu'on lui prs5te40 ,?is1 9 itself1 /imulat$ ,european int]e/ 9 collect+ lacqu] at ! "t4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ,canton & ,fu*[ h be5 c5t]s = ! manufacture ( pa9t$ lacqu]1 call$ hua *'i1 & ,pek+ & ,su*[ = c>v$ lacqu]1 or tiao *'i4 ,h[ev]1 ! collector mu/ n look = any pieces ( f9e/ quality 9 ! tiao *'i s9ce ! reign ( ,*'i5 ,lung1 :o l5t c>v$ lacqu]-"w 8 w>me/ approbation4 ,we are told ( a c]ta9 celebrat$ ,arabian travel]1 ,ibn ,batuta by "n1 :o 0 9 ,canton ab\t ! ye> #acde & made note ( ! excell5ce ( ! lacqu]-"w he f\nd !re at t "t4 ,t ( ,fu*[ is describ$ 9 ! words ( ,monsieur ,palologue z 8mo/ s$uctive to ! eye f ! purity ( its sub/ance1 ! p]fect ev5ness ( its v>ni%$ coat1 ! lu/r\s or deep int5sity ( its %ades & ! p[] ( its reliefs1 ! brea? ( ! composition & ! h>moni\s tones ( ! gold gr\nds & pa9t$ bru%work40 ,( late ye>s ! collect+ ( ! lacqu]s ( ,japan has engag$ _m ( ! mo/ en?usia/ic & discrim9at+ connoisseurs1 & !re are _m public z well z private collections ( lacqu] objects 9 ,am]ica4 ,probably ! favorite objects 9 ,japanese lacqu] are ^? int]e/+ & beautiful little inr or comp>tm5t box1 indisp5sable to e ,japanese g5tleman's attire 9 e>li] days1 & to :i* 0 atta*$ by a silk5 cord ! netsuke1 or button1 by means ( :i* x 0 susp5d$ f ! obi1 or sa%4 ,^! lacqu]$ inr h n be5 surpass$ = _! beauty & are ( lit]>y int]e/4 ,( ! v>ieties ( ,japanese lacqu] "o may make m5tion ( ! na%iji1 g5]ally kn[n to ,we/]n collectors z 8avantur9e10 s nam$ by ,europeans f its resemblance to avantur9e ,v5etian glass4 ,:5 kirikan 7torn gold leaf7 is employ$ ! lacqu] is call$ ,giobuna%iji4 ,! togida%i lacqu] is t 9 :i* ! patt]n is produc$ by gr9d+ & poli%+1 reveal+ ! gold gr\nd4 ,hiramaki-ye is ! ,japanese t]m us$ = all ^? lacqu]s :i* h design n rais$ above ! surface m ?an ! ?ickness ( ! l9es t trace x4 ,!n !re is to be f\nd a comb9ation ( ! flat-gold lacqu] ) ! relief-gold lacqu]4 ,! r$ ,japanese lacqu] is kn[n by ! native "n ( tsui%u1 & ! black lacqu] is call$ tsuikoku2 ^? 9 :i* ! design is c>v$ out ( ! lacqu]-=m$ or sup]impos$ lay]s :i* are expos$ by ! incisions ( ! grav] are call$ guri4 ,! *9k9bori lacqu]1 9 imitation ( ! ,*9ese lacqu]1 is a sort ( patt]n$ lacqu]1 ! design ( :i* is produc$ ) a rat-too? grav] & ! incision fill$ up ) gold4 ,honnami ,kyetsu 7#aeef-afcg7 is "o ( ! e>lie/ ,japanese lacqu]]s ( importance ^: "w has come d[n to u4 ,koma ,kiuhaka1 :o di$ 9 #agae1 0 ano!r lacqu]] ( great di/9ction1 ! f\nd]1 9 fact1 ( a 8s*ool40 ,bunsai1 ,kr91 ,ya/uda1 & ,yasun>i 7 brilliant foll[]s4 ,kr9 7#affa-agaf7 0 ! mo/ fam\s lacqu]] ,japan has ev] produc$4 ,x 0 he :o fir/ ext5sively us$ "m-(-pe>l & pewt] ornam5t 9 ,japanese lacqu] 9 comb9ation ) ! decoration4 ,collectors w f9d few signatures on pieces ( lacqu]2 ! "w itself mu/ be ! guide4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,*9ese ,r$ ,c9nab> ,lacqu] ,vase1 #ah? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,japanese ,gold ,lacqu] ,toilet ,/&1 #ag? ,c5tury ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,*9ese ,snuff-,bottles ( ! ,*'i5 ,lung ,p]iod1 #agcf-agif ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,*9ese ,,snuff-,,bottles ,fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago !re liv$ a ,*9ese pa9t]1 ,wu ,tao-tzu1 fam\s 9 ,cele/ial lore1 ( :om x 0 said t x seem$ z if a god possess$ him & wield$ ! bru% 9 8 h&4 ,?is greate/ ( all ,*9ese ma/]s 0 held 9 high e/eem by ! emp]or4 ,"o day1 wi%+ to possess a l&scape ( "o ( 8 favorite bits ( sc5]y1 ! emp]or direct$ ,wu ,tao-tzu to g =? & pa9t x4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,wu ,tao-tzu return$1 b empty-h&$4 8,:y60 exclaim$ ! emp]or2 8:]e is ! l&scape8 ,y h no?+60 8,o augu/ ,s]5ity1 ,son ( ,heav560 repli$ ,wu ,tao-tzu1 8,i h x all1 all ! l&scape1 "h 9 my he>t40 ,p]haps he made "s discreet concession to ! mat]ial side ( ! adv5ture1 = /raightway he proce$$ to cov] a wall ( "o ( ! ap>tm5ts 9 ! palace ) a m>vel\s sc5e1 su* z ! "o he _h sp5t ! day 9 contemplat+4 ,! next morn+ x 0 f9i%$4 ,delight$1 ! emp]or came to view x4 8,ah10 said he1 8wond]ful1 wond]ful6 ,x is ! riv]1 ! bamboo1 & !re ^? maje/ic rocks60 ,at ! ^w1 ,wu ,tao-tzu clapp$ 8 h&s1 & lo6 !re 9 ! rocks ( ! picture a cav]n appe>$4 ,wu ,tao-tzu /epp$ into x1 ! entrance clos$1 & ,wu ,tao-tzu disappe>$ f e>?4 ,surely no leg5d bett] illu/rates ! ,*9ese po9t ( view1 t a pa9t+ is ! home ( ! pa9t]'s s\l4 ,t is ! /ory :i* 0 told to me "o day :51 happ5+ into a ,*9ese %op :]e "s antiques & curios 7 (f]$ = sale1 ,i *anc$ to pick up a t9y bottle4 ,x 0 n ov] two & a half in*es high4 ,its weight proclaim$ x cry/al4 ,a m9iature sc5e & inscription 7 skilfully & beautifully pa9t$ inside4 8,?is10 said ! intellig5t ,*9ese att5dant1 9 answ] to my "q1 8is little bit pa9t+4 ,/ory "o man arti/ man v mu* great4 ,him "n ,wu ,tao-tzu40 ,!n he told me ! /ory1 a gold5 nail on :i* to hang a bottle6 ,surely en\gh1 !re 0 depict$ ,wu ,tao-tzu ent]+ ! cav]n4 ,! inscription v\*$ = ! incid5t4 8,b :at a t9y bottle6 ,:at 0 x us$ =80 8,mu* little bottle ,*9a old "t f9e l ?is4 ,m o!r bottle k9ds use snuff =1 m$ic9e =4 ,look yes y please40 ,! ,cele/ial %[$ me h[ ! ivory 8spoon10 runn+ ! dep? ( ! bottle & fa/5$ 9 ! coral /opp]1 0 manipulat$ to fet* =? portions ( any?+ a vial ( ?is sort might conta94 ,9 snuff-tak+ ! 8spoon0 0 empti$ on ! ?umb nail & ! 8sniff0 deftly tak54 ,t 0 my introduction to ! fact t snuff-tak+ 9 ! ,ori5t _h fo/]$ a fa%ion t produc$ objects ( virtue fully z int]e/+ & beautiful z1 & c]ta9ly m curi\s ?an ! snuff-boxes affect$ by ! ,europeans ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies4 ,aft] ?is is x any wond] t ! collector's in/9ct %\ld h l$ me to be en?usia/ic ab\t ,*9ese snuff-bottles z a field = br[s+8 ,& soon ,i f\nd t ! fasc9ation ( ^! little objects ( art _h ex]t$ no small influ5ce on o!r collectors4 ,f9e snuff-bottles 7 n to be f\nd at e turn+4 ,nev]!less !y 7 n s r>e z "o might imag9e1 al?\gh1 z ) any o!r class ( art objects1 supreme examples 7 difficult to obta9 at any price4 ,if ,*9a has a population ( f\r hundr$ million s\ls x mu/ n be assum$ t h] craftsm5 h produc$ any?+ l f\r hundr$ million snuff-bottles4 ,true x is t m51 wom51 & *ildr5 ( ,*9a smoke1 b !y d n all take snuff4 ,ne>ly all ( ^! bottles t we see 9 collections are1 p]haps1 snuff-bottles1 ?\gh _m ( !m 7 us$ = m$ic9es1 z ! ,*9ese 7 great m$ic9e-consum]s4 ,!y us$ m$ic9es :5 well--:i* 0 mo/ ( ! "t--9 dim9utive doses1 p]haps z *>ms1 & :5 ill 9 quantities t w\ld amaze & fright5 u4 ,hecate & h] wit*es nev] prep>$ caldron m t]rific ?an ! ,*9ese physician ( ye/]day devis$ = 8 c]ta9ly suff]+ pati5t4 ,! fam\s mat]ia m$ica ( h]bal :i* ,li ,%i-*9 sp5t ?irty ye>s 9 prep>+1 a "w publi%$ 9 #aeij1 conta9$ ov] eighte5 hundr$ prescriptions de> to ! he>t1 ?\gh ,i fe> disa/r\s to ! well-be+ ( ! ,*9ese invalid pro-tem4 ,gallon conta9]s w\ld n h suffic$ = "s ( ^! prescriptions1 :ile o!rs--! lea/ virul5t1 & !re=e to be toy$ )--7 h>bor$ 9 ! t9y bottles t snuff 01 lat]1 to usurp4 ,m9iature ,*9ese bottles f\nd 9 ,egypt & 9 ,asia ,m9or--bottles ( porcela9 be>+ inscriptions 9 ,*9ese f ! ,*9ese poets--%[ t 9 ! t5? c5tury communication already exi/$ betwe5 ! extreme b\nd>ies ( ,asia4 ,arabs trad$ at ,canton & ,hang*[ to ! end ( ! ,sung dyna/y1 #abgi4 ,^! little bottles 7 probably us$ by ! ,arabs = kohl1 ! black sub/ance ) :i* !y pa9t$ _! eyela%es4 ,sixty ye>s be=e ,li ,%i-*9's h]bal--8,pun tsao0 0 its title--tobacco 0 introduc$ into ,*9a1 & be=e long tobacco z snuff became popul> & fa%ionable4 ,among ! ornam5tal articles ( ,*9ese adornm5t1 says an au?ority on ea/]n co/ume1 9 none d !y g to s mu* exp5se & /yle z 9 ! snuff-bottle1 :i* is (t5 c>v$ f /one1 amb]1 agate1 & o!r r>e m9]als ) mo/ exquisite ta/e4 ,jade1 ( c\rse1 0 mo/ preci\s ( all & (t5 imitat$ 9 glass1 z 7 topaz1 ame?y/1 t\rmal9e1 amb]1 & o!r /ones & sub/ances4 ,collectors 9 ,europe & ,am]ica are beg9n+ to realize :at int]e/+ ?+s 9 ! way ( snuff-bottles ! ,*9ese glass-work] produc$4 ,all ,occid5tal me?ods ( glass-work+ h long be5 kn[n to ! ,*9ese4 ,!y h prov$ !mselves skilful ) bl[n1 press$1 & mold$ glass4 ,h[ev]1 _! fame z glass-work]s re/s *iefly ) _! cutt+1 deep *isel+1 & und]cutt+ objects ( glass4 ,9 ?is respect !y h n be5 surpass$4 ,_! "w 9 ?is field 0 und\bt$ly inspir$ by _! wide & v>i$ exp]i5ce ) glyptic "w1 a field 9 :i* _! accompli%m5ts 9 fa%ion+ jade & o!r h>d /ones s]v$ !m a good turn4 ,z glass pres5t$ a some:at less resi/+ mass ?an t ( nephrite1 jadeite1 or rock cry/al1 ! ,*9ese lapid>y f\nd 9 x ready response to 8 craftsman%ip4 ,! c>v$ glass objects ( ! ,*9ese usually are small4 ,!y g5]ally sugge/ by skilful color+ & t9t+ ! h>d /ones !y imitate4 ,! ,*9ese snuff-bottles are especially rem>kable 9 ?is respect1 z !y are also 9 ! m>vel\s f]tility ( inv5tion be/[$ on _! decoration1 ?\gh 9 =m !y are ne>ly ( "o g5]al type & d n v>y greatly 9 size4 ,f ! pla9 cry/all9e glass bottles decorat$ ) l&scape or figure subjects 7by deftly pa9t+ ! int]ior walls ( ! bottle s t ! sc5e %[s ?r\gh7 to ! mu*-bejewel$ bottles1 all ^! gems ( ,*9ese fabrication are triumphs ( ! art1 pati5ce1 & +5uity ( ! ,ori5tal h& & m9d4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! ,*9ese h nev] made claim to ! discov]y ( glass4 ,! hi/orical "w1 8,wei ,luo10 bas$ on ?ird-c5tury records1 *ronicles t t5 colors ( opaque glass 7 import$ by ! ,*9ese f ,rome betwe5 ! ye>s #bba & #bfd4 ,! ,*9ese !mselves did n le>n ! art ( glass-mak+ until ! fif? c5tury4 ,! f9e porcela9 snuff-bottles ( ! ,cele/ials are inde$ ?+s to be treasur$4 ,we f9d !m 9 endless colors & designs4 ,"s are pla91 "s ) "u-glaze decoration1 "s cas$ ) pi]c$ porcela9 cas+1 o!rs ) mold$ decoration1 & /ill o!rs ) pa9t$ decoration4 ,occasionally "o f9ds a porcela9 bottle ^: glaze int5tionally simulates glass4 ,! ,*9ese are skilful lapid>ies4 ,_! "w 9 %ap+ jade & o!r h>d /ones has n be5 surpass$4 ,! ,cele/ial craftsman likewise %[s great +5uity 9 tak+ advantage ( any irregul>ity 9 =m or color ( ! /one he is work+4 ,! v>i\s qu>tzes are work$ by ! ,*9ese on ! same treadle b5* :i* !y use 9 fa%ion+ jade1 & !y "w qu>tz /ones along ! same g5]al l9es4 ,a /udy ( ,*9ese snuff-bottles w indicate ! unlimit$ range 9 ! decoration1 =m1 etc41 ( ^! objects4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 t !y are all ne>ly ( a size dictat$ by g5]al conv5i5ce 9 c>ry+ 9 pockets & p\*es4 ,! /opp]s ( ^! ,*9ese snuff-bottles are sc>cely less beautiful 9 _m in/ances ?an ! bottles !mselves4 ,z a g5]al rule ! /opp]s are ( mat]ial m preci\s ?an t us$ = ! bottle4 ,pe>ls & preci\s /ones are less (t5 employ$1 & ,i h nev] se5 a ,*9ese snuff-bottle /opp] inset ) diamonds4 ,! diamond is a /one ! ,*9ese h nev] appe>$ to reg>d highly except = its utilit>ian possibilities4 ,coral is a favorite = ! snuff-bottle /opp]s4 ,ivory is n uncommon = /opp]s1 b f9e ivory snuff-bottles are v r>e1 z likewise are f9e cloisonn enamel bottles4 ,!re is no ga9say+ t ,*9ese snuff-bottles _c fail to attract ! collector by reason ( _! e/hetic int]e/4 ,at ! same "t1 few objects op5 up a m int]e/+ intellectual treat ?an is af=d$ by a /udy ( ^! t9y bottles 9 respect to ! subject ( _! decoration4 ,colors1 too1 are to be /udi$4 ,five colors ent] popul> ,*9ese tradition3 black1 :ite--! ,*9ese reg>d ^! z colors--blue1 yell[1 & r$1 to ea* ( :i* is atta*$ def9ite symbolism4 ,colors are1 = in/ance1 associat$ ) ! po9ts ( ! compass--black ) nor?1 r$ ) s\?1 blue ) ea/1 & :ite ) we/4 ,yell[ is ! color associat$ ) ! e>?1 & s on4 ,surely ! treasur$ snuff-bottles ( ! ,cele/ials (f] ! collector mu* t is intellectually delectable2 & z really int]e/+ specim5s are n beyond ! mod]ate purse1 _! enjoym5t does n necessitate ! sacrifices t might det] ! collector s9ce ^! little objects ( art are n z hopelessly out ( rea* z 7 ! grapes to ,tantalus6 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,cloisonn ,,enamels ,,( ,,*9a ,,& ,,japan ,! art ( ! enamel] ?r\gh\t ! ages has ev] prov$ to be a subject ( int]e/ to connoisseurs & collectors4 ,:ile le>n$ monographs 9 _m languages h be5 writt5 on ! fasc9at+ subject ( ,european enamels1 less appe>s to h be5 writt5 conc]n+ ^? ( ,asia & p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,*9a & ,japan4 ,! real collector1 z di/+ui%$ f ! m]e ga!r] or ho>d] ( art objects1 f9ds a great "p ( 8 pleasure 9 acqua9t+ himself ) ! processes ( manufacture z well z ) ! hi/ory ( ! ?+s he collects4 ,x is ?is acqua9tance%ip ) ! m9uti ( a subject t enables "o to collect ) judgm5t4 ,! basis ( all enamels is ! application ( fusible silicate or glass1 color$ ) metallic oxides1 all ^u a metal gr\nd4 ,! v>ieties ( enamels h already be5 describ$ at l5g? 9 ! *apt] on ,european enamels1 b x w be conv5i5t to summ>ize ! processes "h z !y apply to ,ori5tal z well z to ,occid5tal enamels4 ,9 cloisonn enamel-"w a metal base--( gold1 silv]1 copp]1 or "s o!r metal--has its design trac$ ^u x by means ( ?9 metal wires or /rips sold]$ to ! base & =m+ a numb] ( divisions4 ,^!1 :5 fill$ ) ! color$ silicate 7subject$ to amalgamation by heat1 & aft]w>d poli%$7 produce a beautiful patt]n$ surface1 ! design ( :i* appe>s trac$ 9 metal filam5ts4 ,! ,byzant9e & ! ,greek enamel]s execut$ _! cloisonn enamels 9 gold1 z likewise did ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ! ,russians1 ! ,*9ese1 & ! ,japanese 9 _! f9e/ "w4 ,9 ! plique j\r enamels we f9d :at is really a v>iety ( cloisonn r ?an a class1 z ! plique j\r is cloisonn unback$ by a metal gr\nd b mu* l a lead$ /a9$-glass w9d[ 9 m9iature4 ,t is1 if "o holds a piece ( plique j\r "w to ! light he w f9d x all[s ! light to pass ?r\gh1 :5ce its "n4 ,*amplev enamel resembles cloisonn1 b its patt]n1 in/ead ( be+ trac$ by cloisons sold]$ on a metal base1 is scoop$ out by a sort ( deep engrav+ ^u ! metal base1 ^! depressions be+ fill$ up ) enamel1 :i* is fir$ & !n poli%$4 ,! ,celts1 ! ,p]sians1 & ! enamel]s ( ,india work$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,resp\ss enamel is1 "o may say1 a v>iety ( *amplev1 or at lea/ s closely ak9 to x t x is seldom consid]$ z compos+ a class by itself1 ?\gh ,i ?9k x %\ld be4 ,9 su* enamel-"w ! design is wr\ght ^u ! metal base1 n ) cloisons z 9 cloisonn1 nor by scoop+ out by a grav]1 z 9 true *amplev4 ,in/ead1 ! design is work$ ^u ! metal by hamm]+ out--resp\ss--! depressions to be fill$ ) ! enamel4 ,?is is !n fir$ & poli%$1 z all enamel ( any class has to be4 ,"s ( ! enamels ( ,india are su* f9e examples ( "w ( ?is sort t !y h pass$ z true *amplev4 ,f9ally1 we come to ! pa9t$ enamels1 su* z ^? ( ,limoges4 ,9 ! e>lie/ examples ( ! pa9t$ class "o f9ds ! design appli$ directly to ! metal base1 gra9 by gra9 & lay] by lay]1 9 su* a mann] t ! v>i\s fus+s & glaz+s produce ! results "o f9ds 9 ! m>vel\s old ,limoges enamels2 :ile 9 lat] "w ! enamel is fus$ ^u ! metal base1 ! designs be+ pa9t$ 79 "s in/ances pr9t$7 on ! enamel4 ,?is brief survey ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! diff]5t classes ( old enamels w ! bett] enable ! collector to conf9e 8 att5tion = ! mom5t to ! subject ( cloisonn enamels1 & 9 p>ticul> to ^? ( ,*9a & ,japan4 ,( late ye>s ! cloisonn enamels ( ^! c\ntries h be5 ext5sively export$1 m especially to ,am]ica4 ,_m ( ^! mod]n examples are v beautiful1 "s ( !m v tra%y1 & none ( !m comp>able 9 beauty ) e>ly ,*9ese "w1 ?\gh1 f a te*nical po9t ( view & an individuality ( _! own1 ,i fancy "s ( ! mod]n specim5s w\ld h made ! sev5te5?-c5tury enamel-work]s ( ,*9a rub _! eyes 9 wond]m5t4 ,?is great & difficult art is surely "o ( ! glories ( ,*9ese craftsman%ip4 ,"o might n ?9k t ! outlook = collect+ ^! old enamels 9 ,am]ica v enc\rag+4 ,nev]!less x is a l9e ( collect+ t has n be5 ov]done1 & g5u9e old objects are to be f\nd1 "h & !re1 by ^? :o "k !m :5 !y see !m4 ,z color is ! v s\l ( enamel1 ! ri*1 s(t colors ( ! e>ly ,*9ese "w help to di/+ui% x4 ,?is is especially true ( ! v>i$ & beautiful blues employ$ by ! ,*9ese enamel]s4 ,occasionally ! ,*9ese employ$ bo? cloisonn & *amplev 9 ! same piece z c]ta9 pieces ( ! ,*'i5 ,lung p]iod 7#agcf-agif7 %[4 ,9 g5u9e old pieces x (t5 happ5s t corrosion has made its appe>ance ar\nd ! cloisons4 ,:ile ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,*9ese cloisonn is lo/ to u1 we "k x to h be5 9 favor 9 ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury1 z a vase 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum atte/s4 ,n only = its blues is ,*9ese cloisonn not$1 b x possesses *>act]i/ic r$s1 lilacs1 violets1 p9ks1 gre5s1 & orange z well4 ,! ,*9ese enamel]'s palette 0 m$ieval 9 its selection4 ,! blues ( turquoise & ( lapis lazuli 7 great favorites likewise4 ,a sang-de-buf & a seal+-wax r$1 opaque 9 quality1 7 fur!r employ$4 ,9 fact1 ! ,*9ese enamel]s employ$ ! colors ( ! e>ly ,european cloisonn work]s4 ,_! :ites1 h[ev]1 7 always inf]ior & 9 e>ly "w exhibit air-hole pit m>ks4 ,! collector w und]/& f ?is h[ necess>y x is = him to give c>eful att5tion to ! subject ( color 9 det]m9+ ! e>ly enamels4 ,! metals employ$ by ! cloisonn-work]s %\ld also be /udi$4 ,:]e gold 0 us$ x _h to be f9e gold1 z alloys w\ld n )/& ! heat ( ! enamel]'s furnace4 ,enamel does n hold s well to silv] z to gold or copp]4 ,!n !re is ! di/9ctive poli% ( ! e>li] enamels4 ,^! 7 poli%$ by h&1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* _! surfaces did n pres5t ! mirror-l poli% :i* mod]n contempor>y cloisonn enamels exhibit4 ,! surfaces ( ! old pieces is m l t ( an egg-%ell4 ,aga91 few ( ! antique cloisonn enamels %[ any transp>5cy1 a fact probably due to ! oxide ( t9 9 ! sold]4 ,9 rec5t "w ! cloisons h1 9 _m in/ances1 be5 fa/5$ to ! metal bases by means ( a pa/e in/ead ( by ! sold]+ me?od--surely a %ifty mode1 & "o m>k+ ! decl9e ( ! true excell5ce ( ! anci5t art4 ,rudy>d ,kipl+'s 8,f ,sea to ,sea0 gives u a c>eful acc\nt ( ! art ( enamel+ z he saw x practis$ by ! m9ak>i or enamel]s ( ,kyto4 ,?is acc\nt is wor? look+ up4 ,:ile ! "w describ$ by ,kipl+ 0 t ( ! mod]n ,japanese craftsm5 ( "s ?irty ye>s ago1 ! process 0 ! same z practis$ 9 e>li] times n only 9 ,japan b likewise 9 ,*9a1 & ev]y:]e t cloisonn enamel has be5 made4 ,! process 9 use to-day foll[s ! same tradition4 ,! ,koreans probably acquir$ ! art ( cloisonn f ! ,*9ese1 & ! ,japanese f ! ,koreans 7p]haps n be=e ! fifte5? c5tury74 ,capta9 ,br9kley says3 8,"o ?+ is c]ta91 t until ! n9ete5? c5tury enamels 7 employ$ by ,japanese decorators = accessory purposes only on wood & porcela9 z well z on metal4 ,no su* ?+s z vases1 plaques or b[ls hav+ _! surface cov]$ ) enamel 9 ei!r /yle40 ,?is at once enables ! collector to und]/& at h[ late a p]iod1 comp>atively1 cloisonn enamel became popul> 9 ,japan4 ,x is believ$ t e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury a ,japanese craftsman1 ,kaji ,tsuneke*i1 produc$ ! fir/ vessel cov]$ completely ) cloisonn 9 ,japan4 ,?is 0 at ,nagoya4 ,x won him great fame & _m pupils4 ,! e>li] pieces ( ,japanese cloisonn foll[$ 9 patt]n1 to a great ext5t1 ! ,*9ese enamels1 & ?\gh !y are some:at less f9e 9 color1 !y (t5 excel 9 te*nique4 ,until #ahij ! cloisons ( ,japanese "w 7 sold]$ to ! metal4 ,s9ce t date a vegetable gum has (t5 be5 employ$ = ! purpose4 ,9 "s mod]n "w !re appe>s to be no evid5ce ( cloisons :atsoev]1 b "s ( ^! pieces h hidd5 cloisons4 ,! ,japanese cloisonn objects are usually enamel$ on ! back or on ! inside ) blue enamel ,tky1 ,yokohama1 & ,kyto are ! ma9 s\rces ( ! mod]n product4 ,?irty ye>s ago ,l\is ,gonse1 a ,fr5* au?ority1 wrote t ! ,japanese _h done little 9 cloisonn1 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,brooklyn ,museum ( ,art ,*9ese ,cloissonn ,palace ,c5s]1 ,*ia ,*+ ,p]iod1 #aeeb-aefg ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art ,japanese ,arm\r ( ! ,feudal ,p]iod1 %[+ ,swords ) _! ,sword-,gu>ds 7,tsuba7 b s9ce t "t its production has increas$ enorm\sly4 ,:ile mu* ( ?is mod]n "w is inf]ior 9 quality1 t :i* is truly f9e is well wor? ! collector's att5tion4 ,) ! rapidly *ang+ conditions1 bo? 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 su* objects w greatly enhance 9 value 9 a few ye>s h5ce & come to be prop]ly e/eem$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,japanese ,,sword-,,gu>ds ,small objects beautiful to contemplate1 exquisite 9 workman%ip1 intr9sically valuable1 & at ! same "t ri* 9 hi/orical associations h attract$ m5 ( all ages4 ,little wond] x is t ! collector ( ! objects = art ( ! ,japanese craftsm5 f9ds 9 !m an ev] refre%+ delight4 ,! tsuba1 or sword-gu>ds ( ,japan1 are fam$ = _! workman%ip1 beauty ( design1 & hi/oric int]e/1 :ile _! r>ity is n su* z to disc\rage ! collector4 ,a few ye>s ago1 inde$1 ^! rem>kable examples ( ! skill ( ! old-"t ,japanese metal-work]s c\ld h be5 pick$ up 9 ! ,japanese %ops 9 ,am]ica & ,europe = a song4 ,?\gh ! price has advanc$ precipit\sly1 f9e specim5s ( sword-gu>ds may /ill be _h at f> f prohibitive prices1 :5 "o consid]s t almo/ e tsuba c be c\nt$ a supreme example ( ! metal-work]'s art4 ,!re are no two g5u9e ,japanese sword-gu>ds precisely alike4 ,ea* is di/9ctly an orig9al & unique object into ^: fa%ion+ has gone ! be/ ef=t ( ^? tirelessly pati5t & consci5ti\s craftsm5 ( ! ,fl[]y ,k+dom4 ,feudal ,japan has disappe>$1 & ) x ! ne$ ( ! old armor]s' art4 ,fifty-eight ye>s ago a not$ ,japanese (ficial s\ght 9 va9 ?r\gh\t ,y$o--n[ ,tky--= a c\ntryman :o might prove to be conv]sant ) ! ,engli% language1 a fact t gives "o an intimation ( ! rapidity ) :i* ! old ord] ( ?+s has be5 ?r[n (f & ! new tak5 on4 ,x 0 j =ty ye>s ago t an imp]ial edict aboli%$ ! we>+ ( swords4 ,! edict 0 obey$ )\t a s+le kn[n in/ance ( resi/ance1 & ! %ops ( ,kyto1 ,tky1 & ,ozaka deal+ 9 art objects soon bri/l$ ) anci5t swords & sword 8furniture0 f ^? samurai :o a few mon?s be=e held _! swords z sacr$ z _! p]sons4 ,x is cle> t1 z a result ( ?is edict1 a va/ numb] ( swords 7 br\ght into ! m>ket4 ,naturally en\gh1 z collectors _h n !n discov]$ ! tsuba1 c\ntless sword-gu>ds 7 ?r[n into ! melt+-pot4 ,lat]1 :5 ,european1 ,am]ican1 & ,japanese connoisseurs came to rescue ! tsuba f oblivion1 ! native craftsm51 /ill possessors ( a rec5t h]itage ( skill1 fell to mak+ sword-gu>ds = ! m>ket4 ,yet ev5 ^! late n9ete5?-&1 "o mu/ suspect1 tw5tie?-c5tury tsuba are (t5 beautiful1 +5i\s1 & int]e/+ en\gh to be desirable acquisitions on _! own acc\nt4 ,9 a l& :]e ! reg>d = ! honor ( ! sword _h evolv$ an etiquette & almo/ a religion x is n /range t ! art-lov+ nation :i* conceiv$ ?is reg>d %\ld h appli$ its f9e/ ability to ! decoration ( ! sword accessories1 until f9ally ^! became v]itable treasure-troves record+ ! hi/ory & traditions ( ! c\ntry z well z its symbolism & ev5 its physical aspect4 ,! 8furniture0 ( a ,japanese sword consi/s prim>ily ( ! tsuba1 or gu>d1--a circul> or oval 7sometimes squ>e & occasionally irregul>7 piece ( metal1 ) a triangul> ap]ture to receive ! sword-blade4 ,on ea* side is a small] op5+ to receive ! top ( ea* ( ! two small] implem5ts t accompany _m ( ! ,japanese swords--! kozuka or h&le ( ! %ort dagg]1 or kokatana1 & ! kogai1 a skew]-%ap$ in/rum5t4 ,aft] ! tsuba or sword-gu>d come ! small] ornam5ts plac$ "o on ea* side ( ! hilt to enable ! wield] ( ! sword to h a firm] grasp ( x4 ,^! small metal ornam5ts are call$ m5uki4 ,we f9d !m1 too1 on ! scabb>ds ( swords1 especially on ! dagg]s or wakiza%i4 ,( great beauty & int]e/ are ! ka%ira1 metal caps fitt+ ! heads ( ! sword-h&les1 secur$ 9 place by means ( cords lat]ally plac$4 ,! fu*i are oval r+s ?r\gh :i* ! blade passes2 !y encircle ! bases ( ! h&les :]e ! blade is secur$4 ,! kurikata are cleats = secur+ ! cords 7sageo7 :i* held back ! w>rior's sleeve :il/ he 0 fight+4 ,& f9ally !re is ! kojiri1 ! metal endpiece ( ! scabb>d4 ,!re is n "o ( ! ornam5tal decorations ( a ,japanese sword t w\ld n h awak5$ ! admiration & envy ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i4 ,& to ?9k t aft] ! edict ( #ahgg !re 71 lit]ally1 millions ( !m relegat$ to ! rubbi% heaps ( ! ,japanese junkm56 ,too few ( ! m5uki escap$ be+ melt$ up4 ,!irs is a fasc9ation difficult to resi/2 b ! tsuba m directly engages our att5tion = ! pres5t1 & ! small] ornam5ts h be5 ref]r$ to "h only 9 ord] t ! read] may h "s sugge/ion ( _! relation%ip to ! tsuba4 ,! e>lie/ "n ( a sword-gu>d mak] to be met ) is t ( ,mitsutsune 7#acij71 ,kaneiye ( ,fu%imi1 ,umetada1 ,%igeyo%i 7a r5[n$ swordsmi?71 ,gt ,yj 7di$ #aejd71 ,mio*9 ,nobuiye 7#aejg-aeee71 ,irank5 ,yamaki*i 7#aegj7 & ,hoan 7 all r5[n$ = _! tsuba at a lat] p]iod4 ,nobuiye's "w 0 di/+ui%$ = ! ?9 s(t iron ) a ?ick pat9a1 r$di% 9 hue4 ,8 tsuba be> traces ( ! hamm]1 z d ! tsuba ( 8 foll[]s = a consid]able p]iod4 ,to ,gt ,yj 7#adbf-aejd7 & o!r memb]s ( ! ,gt family ,japanese connoisseurs give pref]5ce4 ,a ,japanese exp]t at once recognizes 9 ! ,gt tsuba ! iybori or /yle ( ! family ^: g5ius produc$ !m4 ,! "w on ^? sword-gu>ds ^: surface is pun*$ into a texture ( small dots until x resembles fi% roe is call$ nanakoji1 & = tsuba s f9i%$ ! ,gt family 7 )\t rivals4 ,mosl sugge/s t "o ( ! requisites 9 ! ,japanese connoisseur's education is to recognize ! iybori 7p]sonal /yle7 ( ! fir/ ?irte5 g5]ations ( ! ,gt6 ,pi]c+1 *as+1 &1 9 a few in/ances1 inlay+ & damasc5+ came into ! practice ( ! metal-work]s ) ! adv5t ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,umetada ,%igeyo%i1 :o has be5 call$ ! 8ma/] ( ma/]s10 began ! free use ( ! grav] 9 ornam5tation4 ,to him ma9ly are due ! decorative *anges t m>k$ ! tsuba :i* 7 made dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury br\ght a /ret* ( two hundr$ & fifty peaceful ye>s aft] ! turbul5ce t _h %ak5 ,japan until !n4 ,naturally1 9 ! ye>s ( w> ! sword ( ! ,japanese fight] call$ = gu>ds practical & t\gh 9 texture1 some?+ t w\ld deflect ! p[]ful bl[ ( an oppon5t4 ,9 ! ye>s ( peace ! tsuba 7 ma9ly adapt$ to c\rt use & = ! adornm5t ( ! p]son4 ,! tsuba-mak]s ( saka produc$ m>vels ( damasc5+ 9 gold & silv] on iron4 ,! second ,kaneiye encru/$ 8 sword-gu>ds ) copp] ornam5t1 & ,hirata ,dn9 introduc$ ! use ( transluc5t enamels4 ,! pi]c$ "w ( ,k9ai ( ,e*iz5 is supreme 9 its elegance ( =m4 ,! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury gave rise to ?ree s*ools ( tsuba decoration--! ,n>a ,s*ool1 revolt+ aga9/ ! academic /yle ( ! ,gt1 z did ! ,yokoya ,s*ool1 & ! ,omori ,s*ool4 ,9 ! "w ( ! ma/]s ( all ?ree ( ^! s*ools1 ! ,gt influ5ce may /ill be trac$1 ev5 ?\gh ^! metal-work]s tri$ to get away f x4 ,! ,s*ool ( ,i%iguro1 ,y$o1 ( ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury came to be fam\s = its flat incis$ "w1 introduc+ color$ surfaces4 ,kano ,natsuo may be m5tion$ z ! la/ tsuba-mak] ( di/9ction4 ,! tsuba ( ! p]iod betwe5 #ahdj & #ahgj 7 v elaborately decorat$1 & obvi\sly c\ld nev] h be5 us$ = _! pr(ess$ purpose4 ,h[ev]1 ! collector w wi% to acquire specim5s ( !m1 if only z examples ( ! m>vel\s h&icraft ( ! ,japanese metal-work]s4 ,ne>ly all ( ! imitations ( g5u9e old tsuba c be detect$ by hold+ ! gu>d on "o's f+]tip & /rik+ x %>ply ) ano!r piece ( metal4 ,! g5u9e tsuba w emit a bell-l s\nd1 ! ca/ imitation a dull "o4 ,a p]fect pat9a is always to be s\ght = 9 a tsuba4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important /yles ( ornam5t+ metal is ,zogan1 a process :i* includes damasc5+ & is sub-divid$ into3 ,honzogan "w1 9 :i* an und]cutt+ reta9s ! hamm]$-9 inlay 7if flu% ) ! surface1 ?is is call$ ,hirazogan1 & if x is 9 relief1 ,takazogan71 & ,nunomezogan "w1 :i* d]ives its "n f a surface incis$ to repres5t l95 me%4 ,! second /yle ( ornam5tal work+ is includ$ "u ! names ,kebori & ,katakiri4 ,) kebori "w ! l9es are f9ely cut1 & ! ^w designat+ ?is class ( "w signifies 8hair l9es engrav$40 ,katakiri "w produces engrav$ l9es v>y+ 9 dep? to produce ! effect ( pa9t+4 ,! ,japanese hold ?is /yle 9 high favor4 ,! ?ird /yle ( ornam5tal metal-"w is ,nikubori2 "w 9 ?is /yle is c>v$ 9 relief1 l[ relief be+ di/+ui%$ by ! "n1 ,unsunikubori1 & high relief1 ,takabori4 ,! f9al /yle is ,u*ida%i4 ,?is metal-"w is rep\ss1 & is (t5 to be f\nd 9 comb9ation ) nikobori4 ,! subject ( ,japanese metal-"w mu/ ev] prove "o ( fasc9ation to ! /ud5t or collector1 & ev5 a v small collection ( tsuba w s]ve to cov] ! g5]al field ( repres5tative /yles4 ,l s _m o!r articles ( collection appeal1 !y comb9e ! two int]e/s ( =m] utility & pres5t beauty4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,m$allic ,,art ,:at a m>vel\s field = enjoym5t is op5$ to ! collector by m$allic art6 ,to ! un9itiat$ any co9 or m$al a hundr$ ye>s old w seem in/antly to sugge/ an almo/ prohibitive value4 ,no?+ c\ld be m ( a mi/ake4 ,z a matt] ( fact int]e/+ co9s & m$als are )9 ! rea* ( almo/ any "o = a rem>kably small outlay4 ,( c\rse trem5d\s prices are giv5 = trem5d\s r>ities1 b co9-& m$al-collectors 9 ,am]ica seem m int]e/$ 9 e>ly co9$ ,unit$ ,/ates c5ts :i* exhibit ?is slight v>iation or t1 ?an 9 collect+ = purely ! beauty & ! hi/oric *>m m$allic art exhibits4 ,p]haps ,i %\ld n qu>rel ) su*1 = ?is /ate ( affairs has1 9 times pa/1 p]mitt$ my acquir+ = p5nies lovely m$als & m>vel\sly beautiful co9s1 :ile !y 7 pay+ out1 9 ! same sales1 small =tunes = ugly brok5-d[n copp]s ^: sole virtue 79 my sight7 lay 9 _! conta9+ half _! face-value ( pure copp]6 ,b we ne$ n l+] ov] ^!4 ,let u take ?\ght ( ! real ma/]pieces ( ! times t 7 & ! times t are4 ,we mu/ include ! rem>kable productions ( our contempor>y m$ali/s1 inh]itors ( ! skill & be/ traditions ( pa/ ma/]s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 m$allic art1 m ?an any o!r1 p]haps1 ne>ly always displays prom95t national *>act]i/ics2 s x is comp>atively easy to di/+ui% betwe5 ! m$als ( v>i\s c\ntries4 ,! debt hi/ory owes to co9s & m$als1 = ! clues to ! pa/ !y h giv5 x1 is enorm\s4 ,cities & sites h be5 id5tifi$ by _! means1 dates ( dyna/ies made c]ta9 by _! evid5ce1 & =gott5 de$s ( h]oes recall$ ?r\gh _! records4 ,a few ye>s ago a ,sicilian peasant is said to h discov]$ ! only specim5 extant ( a r>e co9 ( antiquity t adds c]ta9ty to our k ( ! site ( ,abacnum1 ^: ru9s lie outside ! walls ( ,tripi4 ,z ,vas>i obs]v$1 ! art ( ! m$ali/ is 8a "w mo/ difficult by arti/s z x holds ! mean betwe5 pa9t+ & sculpture40 ,t x does1 truly1 z any collection ( e>ly m$als & ! be/ m$als ( to-day conclusively proves4 ,at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! mak+ ( dies z x 0 !n practis$ p]mitt$ only designs = v l[ relief to be /ruck & ( small circumf]5ce--su* a size z we see 9 ! co9s ( t "t4 ,co9s l ! ,unit$ ,/ates d\ble eagle design$ by ,sa9t-,gaud5s c\ld n !n h be5 attempt$4 ,/amp+ f ! die 0 a process yet 9 its infancy & 0 n !n able to meet ! requirem5ts ( /rik+ ! l>g] m$al =ms2 h5ce ^! 7 inv>iably ca/4 ,fir/ a model 9 wax 0 made & emb$d$ 9 "s f9e mold+-sub/ance1 su* z e>? or *>coal4 ,hav+ fitt$ itself p]fectly into e crevice ( ! wax model1 ?is mold ( e>? 0 /iff5$ by a lye solution2 ! wax 0 melt$ out1 & molt5 metal 0 p\r$ f a crucible into ! mold :i* 0 left beh9d4 ,:e!r or n replicas 7 made f ! same mold is a "q t rema9s unsolv$4 ,probably n1 b in/ead !y may h be5 made f ! new molds ( new wax models =m$ 9 pla/] molds f pla/] ca/s ( ! orig9als4 ,:5 remov$ f its mold ! m$al 0 work$ ov] ) a f9e gritty sub/ance1 & (t5 ) f9i%+ in/rum5ts4 ,moreov]1 ! edges _h to be fil$ smoo?1 z ! ca/+ always left !m r\gh4 ,9 _m cases x is app>5t t engrav+ 0 resort$ to 9 ord] t outl9es might be emphasiz$1 especially 9 indicat+ hair4 ,9 v e>ly days m$als af=d$ a conv5i5t k9d ( portrait = transmission to di/ant fri5ds2 l>ge numb]s ( m$als1 too1 7 buri$ "u ! f\ndations ( build+s erect$ by a pr9ce or a /ate1 z 9 our own "t co9s are plac$ "u ! corn]-/one ( a public edifice4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! cell> walls ( ! ,palazzo ,v5ezia 9 ,rome1 built by ,pope ,paul ,,ii1 tw5ty m$als ( t pope 7 f\nd4 ,"s bore on ! rev]se a repres5tation ( ! palace1 o!rs ! arms ( ! pope ) ! leg5d3 8,has des ,condidit40 ,!y 7 enclos$ 9 an e>!nw>e case t _h to be brok5 9 ord] to release ! cont5ts4 ,x is safe to assume t ne>ly all e>ly m$als be>+ repres5tations ( build+s 7 ca/ = l commemorative purposes4 ,x rema9$ = ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury to witness ! inauguration ( ! art ( /rik+ m$als f engrav$ dies4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is an example ( a m$al ( ,pope ,julius ,,ii by ,francesco ,francia ! pa9t]1 :o besides be+ a pa9t] & a m$ali/ 0 also a goldsmi? & likewise design$ ! font ( italic type = ,aldus ,manutius ! pr9t]4 ,?is m$al ( ,pope ,julius 0 probably /ruck ab\t ! ye> #aejf4 ,x & ! m$als ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i 9 ! ,museo ,nazionali 9 ,flor5ce 7:i* latt] m$als are p]haps ! f9e/ examples ( /ruck m$als ( ! p]iod1 ?\gh by no means ! mo/ arti/ic7 occasionally turn up 9 public sales4 ,!y1 ( c\rse1 comm& top-not* prices1 al?\gh a truly f9e gold co9 f ,cell9i's dies1 a co9 ( und\bt$ au!nticity1 0 pur*as$ 9 ,london by ! au?or = two p\nds1 & f a deal] ( int]national reputation4 ,:5 ,francia & ,cell9i 7 engrav+ _! dies ! new me?od 0 /ill conf9$ to m$als ( small] circumf]5ce1 = all ! l>g] ones z yet cont9u$ to be ca/1 ev5 d[n to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 & ( c\rse ca/+ is a me?od 9 v g5]al use to-day4 ,! mod]n process ( r$uc+ models by means ( a clev] me*anical in/rum5t enables ! m$ali/ to "w out ! relief )\t size re/rictions1 f :i* ! r$uc$ size desir$ = ! m$al is f9ally obta9$ ) absolute fidelity4 ,9 fact1 mod]n m$als are (t5 produc$ 9 v>i\s sizes by an +5i\s me*anical process1 )\t any loss 9 effect f ! same orig9al4 ,roty's m$al = ! ,fr5* ,alp9e ,club is su* an example4 ,"o may see t ! *ange f ca/+ to /rik+ m$als greatly affect$ ! art ( ! m$ali/4 ,! prep>ation ( ! model = ca/+ requir$ a te*nique almo/ id5tical ) t ( ! sculptor prep>+ = a bronze /atue1 ! sculptor 9 m>ble ( c\rse hav+ to take into acc\nt fur!r matt]s incid5t to ! sub/ance he 0 f9ally to "w 94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! die-engrav]'s art requir$ a totally diff]5t te*nique1 a skill ak9 to ! requirem5ts ( gem-engrav+ & also to ! craft ( a goldsmi?4 ,:5 ca/ m$als became r$uc$ to ! size ( /ruck m$als1 ! r$uction requir$ f9] workman%ip 9 ! orig9al model+ & 9 ! f9i%+4 ,?is aga9 br\ght ! m$ali/ ne>] ! goldsmi?4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d ,francia1 ,cell9i1 ,val]io ,belli1 ,cesati1 ,annibale ,fontana1 ,leone ,leoni1 & o!rs at once goldsmi?s or gem-engrav]s & m$ali/s4 ,x is int]e/+ to visit "s museum collection & comp>e a ca/ m$al by ,pisano ) a /ruck m$al by ,cell9i1 or ) "o by ,b]n>di1 9 ord] to note _! diff]5ces4 ,v (t5 ! extreme f95ess 9 f9i% ( e>ly ,italian m$als makes !m appe> at fir/ sight /ruck :5 9 reality !y h be5 ca/4 ,?is is especially noticeable 9 ! m$als ( ,pa/or9o ( ,si5a1 :o v ne>ly br\ght m$allic portraiture to its p]fection4 ,8 mann] is full ( delicacy & beauty1 b x j misses ! m>k 9 requisite vigor4 ,!re are v>i\s m$als intimately connect$ ) ,am]ican hi/ory1 ?\gh _m ( !m h be5 execut$ by ali5 arti/s4 ,h[ev]1 ) ! example set by ,augu/us ,sa9t-,gaud5s1 ,fr$]ick ,mac ,monnies1 ,victor ,d4 ,br5n]1 ,paul ,man%ip1 ,james ,e>le ,fras]1 ,john ,flanagan1 & o!rs1 x is to be hop$ t m ( our arti/s w turn to ?is field & t m enc\ragem5t1 public & private1 w be giv5 9 x4 ,we might well emulate ! att5tion t has be5 giv5 to ! subject 9 ,france4 ,f9e m$als & co9s %\ld be t5d]ly treat$4 ,e scrat* m>s _! beauty4 ,ea* %\ld be kept protect$ f abrasion4 ,x is v&alism to subject a m$al or co9 to an unskill$ sc\r+ or scrap+4 ,! e>ly ,italians 7 greatly int]e/$ 9 m$allic art & appreciat$ beautiful m$als z p]haps no o!r p has ev] done4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 ^? s\lless p]sons :o f9d 9 a m$al or an uncurr5t co9 only a sugge/ion ( some?+ t might once h be5 sp5t b :i* _c be n[1 & :o1 ) a %rug1 refuse to %>e ! en?usia/'s pleasure4 ,! collector mu/ n hope to w9 su* to ! int]e/ ) :i* m$allic art is inve/$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv ,,engrav$ ,,gems ,9 ,beau ,brummel's "t n to "k all ab\t gem-engrav+1 ! intaglio & ! cameo1 0 ?\ght to be devoid ( "o ( ! mo/ important cultural attributes ( e eighte5?-c5tury g5tleman4 ,^? 7 ! picturesque days ( po/-rid]s & seal+-wax1 days t sc>cely anticipat$ ! lett]-writ+ necessities ( our own "t1 :5 we c sc>cely /op to put on ! /amp & "o lick ( ! flap has tak5 ! place ( ! p]fum$ elegance ( ye/]day's waf]1 leisurely impress$ ) "s exquisite seal4 ,x 0 only natural !n t ! seal %\ld be a factor 9 ! div]sions ( polite society :ile possess+ a utility n yet ext]m9at$ by dem&s on man's "t4 ,n only did e g5tleman h a seal r+1 b (t5 he _h sev]al1 & sometimes _m = diff]5t occasions4 ,frequ5tly ^! seals or sigilii1 z ! ,lat9s call$ !m1 7 engrav$ ) devices directly ^u metal4 ,h[ev]1 ! f> m popul> me?od 0 t :i* is "o ( our *ief h]itages f antiquity--engrav+ on gems or on semi-preci\s /ones by means ( ! intaglio process4 ,intaglio1 d]iv$ f ! ,italian intagli]e 7to cut into71 means incis$ engrav+1 z oppos$ to ! cameo process1 or engrav+ 9 relief4 ,cameo-engrav+ is a lat] art1 z g5]ally practis$1 & _c comp>e ) t ( intaglio-engrav+1 ) :i* x has no?+ 9 common b its subject & ! mat]ial on :i* x is cut4 ,an intaglio is ! product ( a rev]se & mu* m difficult process ?an t by :i* ! cameo is evolv$4 ,an impression f a well-cut intaglio leaves a v f9e design 9 relief1 & x is m>vel\s to behold ! results obta9$ by ! inf9ite pa9s ( gem-engrav]s4 ,9 our own day ! ma/]s ( ! art c be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( "o h&1 s greatly has ! dem& = "w ( ! sort dim9i%$4 ,inde$1 !re is almo/ no call = x 9 ,am]ica4 ,probably ?is is due to ! fact t s few p really ei!r und]/& ! importance ( ! subject1 ! hi/ory ( glyptic art1 or realize ! beauty ( ! f9e works ( ! sort4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t al?\gh engrav$ gems1 unlike ,greek pa9t$ vases1 are *iefly valuable z h&maids to hi/ory 9 pres]v+ to u contempor>y portraits ( _! times1 !y /ill make kn[n to u1 z ,coll+non says1 a :ole phase ( ,greek ?\ght t 0 develop$ 9 ! ,mac$onian epo*4 ,! ,greeks nev] greatly favor$ ! ,egyptian sc>ab beetle-=m = engrav$ gems & lat] introduc$ ! oval1 :i* is kn[n z ! sc>aboid =m1 especially popul> f #fjj ,b4,c4 to #ejj ,b4,c41 9 ! ,ar*aic ,p]iod4 ,) primitive engrav$ gems & sc>abs 7#bejj ,b4,c4 to #ijj ,b4,c47 z well z ) lat] ones1 ! ar*ologi/ has to move cauti\sly1 s9ce imitations 7 manufactur$ at a v e>ly "t4 ,! rese>*es 9 ,crete by ,ar?ur ,evans br\ght to light great numb]s ( engrav$ seals & /ones t are unque/ionably ( remote antiquity1 &1 by ! =m ( _! engrav$ *>act]s1 indicate ! exi/5ce ( a sy/em ( writ+ ( a f> e>li] date ?an _h be5 assign$ to calligraphy on ,greek soil4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ examples ( ?is class 7 f\nd 9 ! ,palace ( ,m9os at ,cnossos1 & 7 us$ = seal+ docum5ts 9 ! ,cretan script1 :ile o!rs 7 us$ 9 seal+ /orage vessels4 ,t !re is no?+ new "u ! sun seems aga9 to h be5 demon/rat$ 9 ! discov]y at ,myc5 ( a massive engrav$ signet portray+ ?ree ladies 9 mod]n-look+ divid$ skirts1 a subject q z up-to-date z ! befl\nc$ corset$1 frill$1 & bonnet$ ladies t ! ,cretan frescos disclos$ a few ye>s ago1 to ! bewild]m5t ( ! ,p>isian dressmak]s4 ,h[ev]1 ! intaglii :i* typically m>k ! e>ly ,myc5an p]iod are ! ,isl& ,/ones 7#ijj ,b4,c4 to #fjj ,b4,c471 a "n giv5 to a l5ticul> /one ( /eatite1 rock cry/al1 c>nelian1 or *alc$ony1 su* /ones be+ *iefly f\nd 9 ! ,greek isl&s & 9 ! ,m$it]ranean region1 :]e ,myc5an rema9s are to be f\nd4 ,! decorative devices employ$ 7 ne>ly always animals1 su* z ! lion1 de]1 bull1 goat1 s+ly or quasi-h]aldically arrang$ 9 pairs1 fac+ 9 or fac+ out4 ,_! arti/ic m]it 0 (t5 ( a high ord]1 ?\gh ?is excell5ce 0 some:at ov]-balanc$ by ! figures be+ arrang$ to occupy ! entire area ( a gem's surface4 ,z ,dr4 ,walt]s ( ! ,briti% ,museum obs]v$1 8?is horror vacui1 or dread ( leav+ a vacant space1 0 *>act]i/ic ( ,greek arti/s at all p]iods40 ,! ,transitional ,p]iod prop]1 f #ejj ,b4,c4 to #dej ,b4,c41 produc$ v f9e gems ) g5re subjects4 ,^! 7 probably influ5c$ some:at by ! fre$om acquir$ by ! ,greek vase-pa9t]s1 ^: art rea*$ its p]fection 9 t era4 ,f !nce onw>d no subject seems to h daunt$ ! gem-engrav] :o reproduc$ ! mo/ intricate details & r$uc$ to m9iature m>vel\sly well ! beauties ( ^? gr\ps ( colossal /atu>y t p>ticul>ly inspir$ him1 subjects f pa9t+s or 8 own devices1 or figures1 heads & portraits ( 8 contempor>ies1 m51 wom5 & *ildr5--portraits :i* mu/ h be5 possess$ ( ! virtue ( lik5esses to an extraord9>y degree1 else !y w\ld n = c5turies h cont9u$ 9 su* favor4 ,z ,r5ton says1 8we are =cefully rem9d$ ( ! extreme durability ( engrav$ gems :5 we reflect t "s at ! pres5t "t conta9$ 9 our museums & collections h be5 buri$ 9 tombs or 9 ! e>?2 o!rs h be5 ?r[n ^u ! %ore1 wa%$ by ! sea or expos$ to fire1 pillage1 & o!r dang]s1 b /ill appe>+ ) ! engrav+ 9 "s in/ances z cle>1 %>p1 & def9$ z x 0 ! day !y left ! arti/'s h&s40 ,x is ?is c>eful & peculi> f9i% to ! "w t di/+ui%es ! truly antique gems f ! spuri\s4 ,we h little reliable data conc]n+ ! arti/s 9 glyptic art f ! primitive p]iod repres5t$ by ! ,samian ,!odorus1 :o made ! fam\s r+ = ,polycrates1 to ! p]iod ( ! art's p]fection1 #dej ,b4,c4 to ar\nd #djj ,b4,c4 ,to ! latt] p]iod belongs1 by "r ( 8 excell5ce1 ,pyrgoteles1 :o engrav$ ! seals ( ,alex&]4 ,! lea/ d\btful names1 p]haps1 are ^? ( ,aga?op\s1 ,apollonides1 ,aspasios1 ,a?nin1 ,bo?os1 ,dexam5os1 ,diosk\rids1 ,epityn*anos1 ,hrakleides1 ,hrophilos1 ,hyllos1 ,mykon1 ,nik&rus1 ,onsus1 ,pamphilos1 ,prt>*os1 ,soln1 & ,teukrus1 t$i\s to catalogue p]haps1 /ill a small numb] out ( proportion to ! va/ quantity ( intaglii t h be5 recov]$ f ! pa/4 ,we are sure ( ,diosk\rides "u ,augu/us1 b ev5 9 antiquity names 7 =g$ ^u gems at a lat] date or by an ali5 h&1 su* =g]ies be+ especially common f ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance on4 ,inde$1 x became q z mu* ! fa%ion to mutilate antique gems by add+ bogus signatures z x did lat] to imitate ! glyptic art ( ! anci5ts & attempt to pawn (f =g]ies & fabrications on ! en?usia/ic b indiscrim9at+4 ,( ?is ! read] w f9d fur!r m5tion 9 ! *apt] on ,fraudul5t ,art1 :i* foll[s4 ,9 anci5t times intaglii 7 also imitat$ 9 glass & mu* affect$ by ! poor] classes1 s e>ly _h ! idea ( *eap imitation jewelry tak5 root4 ,h[ev]1 su* "w 0 obvi\sly false1 :ile !re h be5 "s v clev] imitations engrav$ on v f9e gems4 ,! fam\s ,poniat[ski ,collection 0 ! greate/ ( ! gigantic frauds ( ! sort p]petrat$4 ,9 ! happi] days ( ! ,fir/ ,empire ! patronage ( ! ,empress ,joseph9e _h br\ght appreciation ( ! glyptic art to a p9nacle1 :5ce x fell f m]e disc\ragem5t by ! exposition ( ! ,poniat[ski ,collection fraud 9 a ,london m>ket4 ,^! gems might be/ be describ$ z regul> pictures 9 /one & portraits ( all ! celebrat$ m5 ( antiquity1 ea* bl&ly 8au!nticat$0 ) 8 prop] "n & ! arti/'s signature6 ,no wond] collectors & amateurs turn$1 fright5$1 to scan _! own collections4 ,if su* traffic 0 fo/]$ by deal]s ( _! "t1 :at rec\rse _h !y outside c>eful & ardu\s s*ol>%ip8 ,/ill1 m9ute rudim5t>y k ( gem-engrav+ & its *ronological phases %\ld at once h set !m at ease4 ,! amateur ( to-day kn[s t a sign$ gem is an exception to ! rule & re/s secure 9 ! k4 ,al?\gh ! v>i\s p]iods ( ,greek glyptic art h be5 indicat$1 x may be helpful to repeat !m "h 9 tabulat$ =m1 foll[+ ma9ly ,walt]'s s*eme ( classification4 ,i ,prehi/oric ,p]iod--#bejj to #ijj ,b4,c4 ,primitive seal /ones1 import$ cyl9d]s4 ,,ii ,e>ly ,p]iod--#ijj to #fjj ,b4,c4 ,isl& gems4 ,myc5an era4 ,,iii ,ar*aic ,p]iod--#fjj to #ejj ,b4,c4 ,sc>aboids sup]s$e sc>abs4 ,,iv ,transitional ,p]iod--#ejj to #dej ,b4,c4 ,f9ely engrav$ gems & preval5ce ( g5re subjects4 ,v ,culm9at+ ,p]iod--#dej to #djj ,b4,c4 ,p]fection 9 engrav$ gems4 ,greek gems ( ! late/ p]iod are r>e 9 comp>ison ) ^? ( p]iods prec$+ & foll[+4 ,t ,greek influ5ce rea*$ ,etruria has be5 %[n by full evid5ce 9 _m ways1 & we h l>ge numb]s ( engrav$ gems f ,etruscan tombs ( ! fif? & f\r? c5turies1 ^! intaglii hav+ = _! subjects mo/ commonly incid5ts f leg5ds ( ! ,greek h]oes4 ,x is well to note t deities are r>ely portray$ on ,etruscan gems1 ^: =m 0 usually t ( ! sc>ab4 ,! f\r? c5tury f9ds _! workman%ip greatly det]iorat+4 ,! ,romans 7 v fond ( engrav$ gems & practis$ ! glyptic art f e>ly times4 ,:5 ,con/ant9e ! ,great remov$ ! seat ( ! ,roman ,empire to ,con/ant9ople 9 #cbi ,a4,d4 ?is art1 l ! o!r arts1 foll[$ him ?i!r1 ( c\rse2 b = ov] a ?\s& ye>s succe$+ ! intaglii produc$ seldom atta9$ great excell5ce & ! ta/e = engrav$ gems foll[$ o!r e/hetic t5d5cies into ! obscure retirem5t ( ! d>k ages4 ,9 fact1 ! glyptic art almo/ became ext9ct1 b ) ! expulsion ( ! ,greeks f ,con/ant9ople by ,mahomet 9 #adec ,a4,d4 x f\nd itself aga9 on ,italian soil1 !reaft] to gr[ /rong & fl\ri% f ! root x _h tak54 ,j z ! ecclesia/ics conv]t$ ,greek pa9t$ vases to alt> use & sculptur$ s>cophagi into conta9]s ( holy wat]1 !y n[ turn$ _! att5tion to engrav$ gems & rescu$ ^! baubles f ! reproa* ( be+ m]e vanities by clo?+ _! subjects ) ,*ri/ian leg5ds4 ,probably to ?is fact we owe ! pres]vation ( "s ( our f9e/ examples4 ,x 0 a difficult task to re*ri/5 ! gems & end[ !m ) a sacr$ "* q out ( keep+ ) _! conception4 ,h[ev]1 ! e>ly *ur* 0 +5i\s & gave to ,jupit] ) 8 eagle ! significance ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 :ile ,melpom5e did v well = ,salome ) ,john ! ,bapti/'s head4 ,h[ev]1 gem-engrav]s arose to help tru? out ) v]itable subjects1 & ! *ur* became a p[]ful patron ( ! art ( gem-engrav+4 ,prelates & pr9ces ha/5$ to h _! fancies c>ri$ out 9 intaglii1 until ! c9quec5to produc$ a ho/ ( clev] engrav]s capable ( cat]+ to any ta/e or to any fad or fancy4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! =ms ( intaglii 7 greatly enl>g$4 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici & 8 successors 7 munific5t patrons ( ! gem-engrav]1 & n only =m$ spl5did collections ( intaglii b enc\rag$ engrav]s 9 ,flor5ce1 & by ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury a graceful classic /yle _h be5 reviv$4 ,giovanni1 surnam$ ,della ,corniole1 0 "o ( ! mo/ excell5t arti/s ( ! "t1 & 9 8 ev]la/+ly ent]ta9+ 8,memoirs0 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i speaks ( ,mi*eletto1 :o 0 8v clev] at engrav+ c>nelians1 an old man & ( great celebrity40 ,?is 0 ! engrav] :om ,vas>i calls by ! affectionate dim9utive 8,mi*el9o10 b ,cell9i himself lat] calls him 8,mi*ele40 ,! gem-engrav]s ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7 prolific1 & _! "w appeal$ imm5sely to ! ,fr5* ta/e4 ,francis ,i 0 a lib]al patron ( ! glyptic art & _h at 8 c\rt ! r5[n$ gem-engrav]1 ,matteo del ,nass>o ( ,v]ona4 ,probably ! fir/ ,fr5* gem-engrav] ( note 0 ,juli5 de ,font5ay1 sometimes kn[n z ,coldore1 :o execut$ an intaglio portrait ( ,h5ry ,,iv1 & 0 lat] invit$ to ,engl& by ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,subsequ5tly a ta/e = ! art develop$ 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh ! culm9ation ( enc\ragem5t 0 n rea*$ until ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 collect+ engrav$ gems became a mania ) _m & good examples br\ght huge prices4 ,up to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! influ5ce ( classic designs obta9$4 ,k+ ,george ,,iii 0 a lib]al patron ( gem-engrav]s1 & to ! =esight ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire & ,m>lbor\gh ! _w owes ! pres]vation ( "s ( ! f9e/ examples extant ( intaglii ( any "t4 ,! works ( su* classici/s z ,m>*ant1 :o /udi$ 9 ,rome _m ye>s1 & ( 8 successor1 ,bur*1 a ,royal ,academician1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( ye>s f #agej to #ahae or !reab\ts1 are well wor? :ile1 & w\ld reveal an excell5ce ( execution unsurpass$4 ,!n foll[$ su* m5 z ,weigall1 ,bragg1 ,grew1 & 9 our own day ! ,r5tons1 :o engrav$ intaglii = memb]s ( ! royal family4 ,s9ce ! h]aldic /yle has foll[$ ! classic1 int]e/ 9 ! art ( intaglio-engrav+ has wan$ trem5d\sly & c be br\ght back only by ! revival ( t classic _s :i*1 aft] all1 und]lies ev]y?+ t is be/ ! _w ov]1 9 art or 9 lit]ature4 ,! sub/ances employ$ by ! gem-engrav]s are ame?y/1 hyac9?1 agate1 c>nelian1 *alc$ony1 cry/al1 & o!r preci\s gems4 ,9 our own day almo/ e /one is employ$4 ,! lapid>y mu/ n be confus$ ) ! gem-engrav]4 ,! fir/ prep>es ! /one to receive ! "w ( ! second1 j z ! wood-sawy] prep>es ! mat]ial = ! c>p5t]1 or ! man at ! qu>ry ! block = ! sculptor4 ,pl9y describ$ at "s l5g? ! process ( gem-engrav+ 9 8 day4 ,z to ! anci5t mode ( engrav+ gems1 9 :i* ! drill :eel & diamond po9t 7 us$1 ! use ( ! :eel is especially noticeable 9 ! l5ticul> ,isl& gems2 x 0 a small bronze disk set on a %aft ( metal work$ l ! drill ) a b[ & tube ( em]y p[d]2 its purpose 0 = cutt+ l9es to connect ! po9ts made by ! drill1 or else = broad1 sunk5 surfaces4 ,! diamond po9t1 on ! o!r h&1 0 us$ l a p5cil1 ) ! h& alone2 x resembles ! mod]n glass-cutt+ diamond & 0 employ$ = giv+ an arti/ic f9i% to ! design1 :i* c\ld ( c\rse be be/ done ) ! free h&4 ,! use ( ?is tool requir$ great te*nical skill1 ! results ( :i* may cle>ly be se5 on "s gems ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,9 pass+ x is int]e/+ to note ! devices to :i* mak]s ( fraudul5t 8antique0 intaglii h be5 kn[n to resort4 ,z an in/ance1 t mi/y dullness ( ! /one :i* only age is suppos$ to give is produc$ 9 ,italy by =c+ ! small] engrav$ gems d[n ! unwill+ gullets ( def5celess turkeys1 :]eupon ! action ( ! ga/ric juice & ! gritty sub/ances 9 ! gizz>d outdo ! devices ( ,"t himself1 z ! fun]al ( ! unhappy bird reveals to ! dissect+ & di%one/ fabricator4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi ,,fraudul5t ,,art ,,objects ,! detection ( fraudul5t antiques & curios & o!r bogus works ( art has become a sci5ce4 ,phdrus1 :o liv$ & wrote 9 ! "t ( ,tib]ius ,cs>1 tells 9 8 fiftie? fable ( h[ 8 contempor>ies c>v$ ! "n ( ,praxiteles on _! m>bles & ! "n ( ,myron on ev]y?+ !y wr\ght 9 silv]1 9 ord] t _! productions might pass z ma/]pieces ( ^? supreme ,hell5ic arti/s4 ,?\gh ! ,romans 7 an art-lov+ p1 !y op5ly conniv$ at art-fraud1 b = e/hetic reasons1 z we le>n f ,pl9y4 ,he tells u t 9 8 "t ! co9s ( ,rome 7 s clumsily model$ & s basely ca/ t sev]al arti/s made new molds1 treat+ ! designs ( ! m9t m c>efully1 & produc$ spuri\s co9s :i* 7 eag]ly s\ght 9 place ( ! in>ti/ic legal t5d]4 ,mi*elangelo1 piqu$ at ! extravagant att5tion paid ! antiques 7to ! exclusion ( int]e/ 9 8 e>ly /ruggles = recognition71 conceiv$ ! clev] idea ( do+ an ,eros 9 m>ble aft] 8 own design1 bury+ ! "w 9 mud = "s mon?s1 & !n digg+ x up 9 ! pres5ce ( c]ta9 noble collectors4 ,^! g5tlem5 w5t mad ov] its beauty1 proclaim+ x to be ! greate/ relic antiquity _h left !m4 ,mi*elangelo f9ally disclos$ to !m 8 own initials1 :i* he _h c>v$ 9 a hidd5 fold ( ! w+s1 & 0 highly amus$ at ! discomfiture ( 8 companions4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 came to _! s5ses & _h ! good grace to recognize ! t[]+ g5ius :o /ood laugh+ be=e !m4 ,inde$1 "o ( !m became 8 =emo/ patron4 ,?is 0 a h>mless trick conceiv$ = salut>y purposes1 & n at all to be class$ ) ! exploits ( ,gambello1 ,bassiano1 or ,giovanni del ,cav9o1 ^: =g]ies ( ,roman m$als 7 p>ticul>ly skilful1 ?\gh n pro( aga9/ mod]n sci5tific me?ods ( uncov]+ frauds4 ,no wond] "o ( ! anci5t writ]s decl>$ t1 8! v n]ves & s9ews ( k consi/ ( believ+ no?+ ra%ly40 ,?is 0 especially true 9 ! days ( ! ,r5aissance1 :5 a /udy ( ! antique came s quickly into fa%ion1 & 9 ! tra9 ( x su* ef=ts to collect anci5t objects ( art t "s ( ! unscrupul\s b skilful arti/s & artisans ( ! "t c\ld sc>cely resi/ ! temptations (f]$ by ! ease ) :i* clev] art-=g]ies 7 palm$ (f ^u ! gullible1 :o paid enorm\s prices = !m4 ,we "k h[ ,&re9i ( old-"t ,flor5ce =g$ ,greek signatures to anci5t unsign$ intaglii & h[ ,flavio ,sirletti l5t 8 skill to x ) ! aid ( ,pl9y's record ( anci5t sculptors4 ,! collection ( ,pr9ce ,poniat[ski1 nephew ( ! la/ ,k+ ( ,pol&1 conta9$ "s ?ree ?\s& fraudul5t engrav$ gems6 ,z all ( ^! gems 7 v beautiful 9 !mselves1 & z ne>ly all ( _! subjects 7 orig9al ) _! engrav]s1 x is un=tunate t su* excell5t & exquisitely done "w c\ld n h /ood =? on its own m]its to ca/ fame & n %ame on ! cunn+ h&s t produc$ !m4 ,"s c\nt]feit+ is too labori\s = pr(it1 b x is m>vel\s to see "s ( ! ?+s t emanat$ 9 ! e>ly days f ! %ameless fake-factories ( ,pietro ,fondi & o!rs at ,v5ice & 9 ,corfu4 ,! ,si5ese1 too1 7 skilful copyi/s ( ! v>i\s trec5to1 quattroc5to1 & c9quec5to objects ( art4 ,t]ra-cotta figur9es & ,greek & ,etruscan vases h ev] be5 subjects = ! h& ( ! =g] & fabricator ( antiques4 ,pott]y & porcela9 h always seem$ to tempt art-=g]s & imitators4 ,! way ( ! collector ( ,*9ese & o!r ,ori5tal porcela9s & pott]y has be5 made especially difficult 9 consequ5ce4 ,ev5 ,b]n>d ,palissy is believ$ by "s to h imitat$ ! w>es ( ,briot1 & 9 turn imitations ( ^! imitations 7 once acquir$ by a museum4 ,9 our own day ,palissy's own w>e has be5 imitat$ by ,lesnes1 ,b>bizet1 & ,m4 ,pall4 ,p]haps ! ,london ,j>man 0 ! pr9ce ( fak]s4 ,he obta9$ undecorat$ ,svres pieces f ,france & _h a ,quak] pott] f ,/af=d%ire1 "o ,r&all by "n1 add all sorts ( delightful sc5es4 ,!y 7 pur*as$ by ! royal family1 :o took ! pieces on good fai? z be+ ,svres decorations4 ,european enamels & e>ly ivories h n escap$ att5tion at ! =g]'s h&4 ,:5 ,sir ,a4 ,w4 ,franks 0 innoc5tly attempt+ to arrange ! pur*ase ( ! ,dipty*ion ,leodi5se = eight hundr$ p\nds 9 ,engl&1 he discov]$ t ?is object 0 no?+ m ?an a clev] comb9ation ( copies ( two o!r panels ( unque/ion$ au!nticity4 ,& s ?+s g m]rily on1 ev5 9 ?is day & g5]ation4 ,b y\r true collector is "o :o /udies ! objects he collects & he is n likely to be easily deceiv$4 ,photography has /ret*$ =w>d a help+ h& & by means ( enl>g$ photographic pr9ts ( a subject 9 dispute1 ! m9ute comp>isons betwe5 au!nticat$ & m]ely attribut$ works ( a p]iod may be /udi$4 ,x 0 ,juv5al :o co9$ ! "n 8r>a avis02 & ! impati5t collector :o w\ld acquire a 8r>e bird0 ( art z x flies t[>d him f ! horizon ( opportunity mu/ be sure he kn[s some?+ ( its 8orni?ology0 be=e he ru%es recklessly =?1 p]*ance to put ! salt ( good money on "s wor?less tail4 ,!re is told ! /ory ( a c]ta9 ,bav>ian collector :o began to d\bt ! au!nticity ( a little /atuette 9 8 possession4 ,f9ally he s5t = a not$ au?ority on ! subject1 :o tri$ to reassure him4 ,z ! collector did n seem conv9c$1 ! exp]t1 z a la/ resort1 made m5tion ( a c]ta9 te/ t might1 ?\gh ) dang] to ! object1 be appli$4 ,! collector insi/$ on ! attempt1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! /atuette 0 hopelessly defac$1 ?\gh ! accid5t confirm$ ! exp]t's op9ion4 8,ah10 moan$ ! own]1 8:y did ,i let y t\* x60 8,+rate60 repli$ ! o!r ) grim humor4 8,h y n n[ ! satisfaction ( kn[+ y\r fe>s to be gr\ndless1 & my own k to be tru/wor?y8 ,look at ! pieces--)\t d\bt ! /atuette 0 g5u9e60 ,,bibliography ,i4 ,,! ,,pleasures ,,( ,,collect+ ,! ,connoisseur4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,s4 ,rob9son4 ,new ,york4 #ahig4 ,! ,a ,b ,c ,ab\t ,collect+4 ,by ,sir ,james ,yoxall1 ,m4 ,p4 ,philadelphia4 n4 d4 ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,collect+4 ,by ,grace ,m4 ,vallois4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,antiques & ,curios 9 ! ,home4 ,by ,grace ,m4 ,vallois4 ,new ,york4 n4 d4 ,by-,pa?s 9 ,collect+4 ,by ,virg9ia ,h4 ,robie4 ,new ,york4 #aiab4 ,! ,lure ( ! ,antique4 ,by ,walt] ,a4 ,dy]4 ,new ,york4 #aiaf4 ,,ii4 ,,collectors ,,( ,,ye/]day ,! ,lives ( ,! ,twelve ,caes>s4 ,by ,c4 ,suetonius ,tranquillus4 ,bohn ,edition4 ,london4 #aiji4 ,horace ,walpole4 ,by ,au/9 ,dobson4 ,new ,york4 #ahic4 ,! ,lives ( ! ,pa9t]s1 ,sculptors & ,ar*itects4 ,by ,giorgio ,vas>i4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,h9ds4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,! ,connoisseur4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,s4 ,rob9son4 ,new ,york4 #ahig4 ,anecdotes ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,engl&4 ,by ,horace ,walpole4 ,london4 #ahdi4 ,,iii4 ,,am]ican ,,tables ,e>ly ,am]ican ,craftsm54 ,by ,walt] ,a4 ,dy]4 ,new ,york4 #aiae4 ,old ,furniture ,book4 ,by ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,new ,york4 #aijc4 ,! ,practical ,book ( ,p]iod ,furniture4 ,by ,h>old ,donaldson ,eb]le9 & ,abbot ,mc,clure4 ,philadelphia4 ,,iv4 ,,tea ,,& ,,antiquity ,! ,book ( ,tea4 ,by ,okakura-,kakuzo4 ,new ,york4 #aiai4 ,! ,g5tleman & ,cab9et-,mak]s' ,director4 ,by ,?omas ,*ipp5dale4 ,london4 #agfb4 ,tea ,leaves4 ,by ,francis ,s4 ,drake4 ,bo/on4 #ahhd4 ,v4 ,,cup-,,plates ,old ,*9a ,book4 ,by ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,new ,york4 #aijc4 ,*ats on ,old ,e>!nw>e4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,new ,york4 #aiji4 ,! ,e>!nw>e ,collector4 ,by ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead4 ,new ,york4 #aibj4 ,/af=d%ire ,pots & ,pott]s4 ,by ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead & ,fr$]ick ,alfr$4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,! ,art ( ! ,old ,engli% ,pott]4 ,by ,l4 ,m4 ,solon4 ,london4 #ahhc4 ,,vi4 ,,*9tz ,*ats on ,cottage & ,f>mh\se ,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,new ,york4 n4 d4 ,,vii4 ,,pewt] ,pewt] & ! ,amateur ,collector4 ,by ,edw>ds ,j4 ,gale4 ,new ,york4 #aiji4 ,*ats on ,pewt]4 ,by ,h4 ,j4 ,l4 ,j4 ,mass1 ,m4 ,a4 ,,viii4 ,,sampl]s ,engli% ,embroid]ies4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,k5drick4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,sampl]s & ,tape/ry ,embroid]ies4 ,by ,m>cus ,b4 ,hui%4 ,london4 #aijj4 ,! ,lace ,book4 ,by ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,new ,york4 #aijd4 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,secul> ,embroid]y4 ,by ,m4 ,j\rda94 ,london4 #aiaj4 ,,ix4 ,,wax ,,portraits ,wax ,portraits & ,silh\ettes4 ,by ,e!l ,/anwood ,bolton4 ,bo/on4 #aiad4 ,x4 ,,h&-,,wov5 ,,cov]lets ,quilts4 ,by ,m>ie ,d4 ,web/]4 ,g>d5 ,city4 #aiae4 ,,xi4 ,,*airs ,*ats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,london4 #aije4 ,! ,furniture ( our ,=efa!rs4 ,by ,e/h] ,s+leton4 ,new ,york4 #aijj4 ,! ,practical ,book ( ,p]iod ,furniture4 ,by ,h>old ,donalds5 ,eb]le9 & ,abbot ,mc,clure4 ,philadelphia4 ,decorative ,/yles & ,p]iods4 ,by ,hel5 ,*ur*ill ,c&ee4 ,new ,york4 #aijf4 ,*ats on ,cottage & ,f>mh\se ,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,new ,york4 n4 d4 ,antique ,furniture4 ,by ,fr$ ,w4 ,burgess4 ,new ,york4 #aiae4 ,,xii4 ,,engli% ,,dr9k+-,,glasses ,! ,glass ,collector4 ,by ,maciv] ,p]cival4 ,e>ly ,engli% ,glass4 ,by ,daisy ,wilm]4 #aiaj4 ,glass4 ,by ,edw>d ,dillon4 ,london4 #aijg4 ,collect+ ,old ,glass4 ,by ,sir ,james ,yoxall4 ,london4 #aiaf4 ,old ,engli% ,glasses4 ,by ,alb]t ,h>t%orne1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,london4 #ahig4 ,engli% ,table ,glass4 ,by ,p]cy ,bate4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,,xiii4 ,,/u>t ,,embroid]ies ,engli% ,embroid]ies4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,k5drick4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,secul> ,embroid]ies4 ,m4 ,j\rda94 ,london4 #aiaj4 ,,xiv4 ,,delft ,! ,e>!nw>e ,collector4 ,by ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead4 ,new ,york4 #aibj4 ,a ,b ,c ( ,collect+ ,old ,cont95tal ,pott]y4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,black]4 ,philadelphia4 n4 d4 ,dut* ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,w4 ,pitcairn ,kn[les4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,delftw>e3 ,dut* & ,engli%4 ,by ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,new ,york4 #aijh4 ,,xv4 ,,e>ly ,,desk ,,furniture ,old ,furniture ,book4 ,by ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,new ,york4 #aijc4 ,*ats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,london4 #aije4 ,antique ,furniture4 ,by ,fr$4 ,w4 ,burgess4 ,new ,york4 #aiae4 ,,xvi4 ,,*elsea ,*elsea & ,*elsea-,d]by ,*9a4 ,by ,egan ,mew4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,b[1 ,*elsea1 & ,d]by ,porcela94 ,by ,william ,bemrose1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,london1 #ahih4 ,porcela93 a ,sket* ( its ,nature1 ,art & ,manufacture4 ,by ,william ,burton1 ,f4 ,c4 ,s4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,engli% ,porcela9 ,made ,dur+ ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,by ,sir ,ar?ur ,h]b]t ,*ur*4 ,london4 #aijd4 ,*ats on ,engli% ,*9a4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,new ,york4 n4 d4 ,! ,*9a ,collector4 ,by ,h4 ,william ,lew]1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,new ,york4 n4 d4 ,,xvii4 ,,w$gwood ,*ats on ,old ,e>!nw>e4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,new ,york4 #aiji4 ,! ,e>!nw>e ,collector4 ,by ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead4 ,new ,york4 #aibj4 ,! ,c]amic ,gall]y4 ,by ,william ,*aff]s4 ,london4 #aijg4 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ,ma/] ,pott]4 ,by ,a4 ,h4 ,*ur*1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,london4 #ahid4 ,! ,w$gwoods4 ,by ,llewellyn ,jewitt1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,london4 #ahfe4 ,! ,life ( ,josiah ,w$gwood4 ,by ,eliza ,metey>d4 ,london4 #ahfe4 ,a ,catalogue ( ,plaques1 ,m$allions1 ,vases1 ,figures1 etc41 9 ,col\r$ ,jasp] & ,basalte1 produc$ by ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,by ,ar?ur ,s&]son4 ,london4 #aija4 ,! ,art ( ! ,old ,engli% ,pott]4 ,by ,l4 ,m4 ,solon4 ,london4 #ahhc4 ,/af=d%ire ,pott]y & ,its ,hi/ory4 ,by ,josiah ,c4 ,w$gwood4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,,xviii4 ,,sav+ ,,! ,,pieces ,glues & ,cem5ts4 ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,s4 ,cassal4 ,! ,b>b]9i ,vase4 ,tiffany ,co4 ,new ,york4 #aijd4 ,,xix4 ,,l\ng+ ,,furniture ,old ,furniture ,book4 ,by ,n4 ,hudson ,moore4 ,new ,york4 #aijc4 ,*ats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,london4 #aije4 ,! ,practical ,book ( ,p]iod ,furniture4 ,by ,h>old ,donaldson ,eb]le9 & ,abbot ,mc,clure4 ,philadelphia4 ,decorative ,/yles & ,p]iods4 ,by ,hel5 ,*ur*ill ,c&ee4 ,new ,york4 #aijf4 ,! ,furniture ( ,our ,=efa!rs4 ,by ,e/h] ,s+leton4 ,new ,york4 #aijj4 ,antique ,furniture4 ,by ,fr$ ,w4 ,burgess4 ,new ,york4 #aiae4 ,,xx4 ,,%effield ,,plate ,%effield ,plate4 ,by ,b]tie ,wyllie4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,%effield ,plate4 ,by ,h4 ,n4 ,vei?4 ,london4 #aijh4 ,old ,%effield ,plate4 ,by ,julia ,w4 ,torrey4 ,bo/on4 #aiah4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,old ,%effield ,plate4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,bradbury4 ,london4 #aiab4 ,,xxi4 ,,/raw ,,m>quet]ie ,r>iora4 ,by ,john ,eliot ,hodgk91 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,london4 #aijj4 ,*ats on ,milit>y ,curios4 ,by ,/anley ,c4 ,johnson1 ,m4 ,a41 ,d4 ,sc41 ,f4 ,r4 ,e4 ,s4 ,new ,york4 n4 d4 ,,xxii4 ,,consoles ,decorative ,/yles & ,p]iods4 ,by ,hel5 ,*ur*ill ,c&ee4 ,new ,york4 #aijf4 ,*ats on ,old ,furniture4 ,by ,ar?ur ,hayd54 ,london4 #aije4 ,a ,hi/ory ( ,furniture4 ,by ,alb]t ,jacquem>t4 ,translat$ by ,mrs4 ,bury ,pallis]4 ,london4 ,,xxiii4 ,s,,vres ,,porcela9 ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,fr$]ick ,lit*field4 ,london4 #ahhj4 ,porcela91 ,ori5tal1 ,cont95tal & ,briti%4 ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,hobson1 ,b4 ,a4 ,new ,york4 #aijf4 ,! ,new ,*aff]s4 ,by ,william ,*aff]s4 ,london4 #aiab4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,c]amic ,art4 ,by ,alb]t ,jacquem>t4 ,translat$ by ,mrs4 ,bury ,pallis]4 ,london4 #ahgc4 ,royal ,svres4 ,by ,egan ,mew4 ,london4 n4 d4 ,fr5* ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,h5ri ,frantz4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,,xxiv4 ,,european ,,enamels ,enamels4 ,by ,mrs4 ,nelson ,dawson4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,jewell]y4 ,by ,cyril ,dav5port4 ,london4 #aije4 ,art ( ,enamell+ on ,metals4 ,by ,h4 ,cunynghame4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,art ( ,enamell+ on ,metals4 ,by ,a4 ,fi%]4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,*ats on ,old ,jewell]y & ,tr9kets4 ,by ,mac,iver ,p]cival4 ,h&book ( ! ,b5jam9 ,altman ,collection4 ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art4 ,new ,york4 #aiae4 ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,a ,,pott]3 ,,b]n>d ,,palissy ,a ,hi/ory ( ,old ,fr5* ,faence4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,solon4 ,london4 #aijc4 uvres ,compltes4 ,by ,b]n>d ,palissy4 ,p>is4 #ahhj4 ,b]n>d ,palissy4 ,by ,philippe ,burty4 ,p>is4 #ahhf4 ,palissy ! ,pott]4 ,by ,h5ry ,morley4 ,london4 #aheb4 ,monographie l'uvre de ,b]n>d ,palissy4 ,by ,,mm4 ,c4 ,delange & ,c4 ,borneau4 ,p>is4 ,fr5* ,pott]y & ,porcela94 ,by ,h5ri ,frantz4 ,london4 #aijf4 ,,xxvi4 ,,italian ,,maiolica ,a ,hi/ory & ,description ( ,italian ,maiolica4 ,by ,m4 ,l4 ,solon4 ,london4 #aijg4 ,maiolica4 ,by ,c4 ,drury ,e4 ,=tnum1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,london4 #ahib4 ,maiolica4 ,by ,c4 ,drury ,e4 ,=tnum1 ,f4 ,s4 ,a4 ,ox=d4 #ahif4 ,a ,b ,c ( ,collect+ ,old ,cont95tal 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& ,crafts ( ,old ,japan4 ,by ,/ew>t ,dick4 ,*icago4 #aije4 ,f ,sea to ,sea4 ,by ,rudy>d ,kipl+4 ,london4 #ahii4 ,le ,japon ,illu/r4 ,by ,flici5 ,*allaye4 ,p>is4 n4 d4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,japanese ,,sword-,,gu>ds ,! ,arts ( ,japan4 ,by ,edw>d ,dillon4 ,*icago4 #aiaa4 ,japan & ,its ,art4 ,by ,m>cus ,b4 ,hui%1 ,,ll4,b4 ,london4 #aiab4 ,japanese ,art ,motives4 ,by ,maude ,rex ,all54 ,*icago4 #aiag4 ,japanese ,sword-,m\nts4 ,by ,h5ri ,l4 ,joly4 ,london4 #aiaj4 ,japanese ,sword-,gu>ds4 ,by ,kakuya ,okabe4 ,bo/on4 #aijh4 ,japanese ,sword-,fitt+s4 ,by ,h5ri ,l4 ,joly4 ,london4 #aiab4 ,japanese ,m>ks & ,seals4 ,by ,james ,l4 ,b[es4 ,london4 #ahhb4 ,leg5d 9 ,japanese ,art4 ,by ,h5ri ,l4 ,joly4 ,london & ,new ,york4 #aijh4 ,le ,japon ,illu/r4 ,by ,flici5 ,*allaye4 ,p>is4 n4 d4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,m$allic ,,art ,portrait ,m$als ( ,italian ,arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,hill4 ,london4 #aiab4 ,select ,italian ,m$als ( ! ,r5aissance 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,london4 #aiae4 ,pisanello4 ,by ,g4 ,f4 ,hill4 ,london4 #aije4 ,biographical ,diction>y ( ,m$alli/s1 ,co9-1 ,gem-1 & ,seal-,engrav]s1 etc41 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,by ,l4 ,=r]4 ,london4 #aijb4 ,co9s & ,m$als2 ,_! ,place 9 ,hi/ory4 ,by ! ,au?orities ( ! ,briti% ,museum ,(ficial ,catalogues4 ,edit$ by ,/anley ,lane-,poole4 ,london4 #ahid4 ,co9s1 ,m$als & ,seals4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,prime4 ,new ,york4 #ahfa4 ,! ,art ( ! ,m$al4 ,by ,victor ,d4 ,br5n]4 ,new ,york4 #aiaj4 ,catalogue ( ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( ,contempor>y ,m$als4 ,am]ican ,numismatic ,society4 ,new ,york4 #aiaa4 ,,xxxv4 ,,engrav$ ,,gems ,intaglio ,engrav+4 ,by ,edw>d ,r5ton4 ,london4 #ahif4 ,greek ,art4 ,by ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s4 ,london4 #aijc4 ,engrav$ ,gems4 ,by ,duffield ,osborne4 ,new ,york4 #aiab4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,fraudul5t ,,art ,,objects ,trucs et ,truqueurs4 ,by ,paul ,eudel4 ,p>is1 n4 d4 ,! ,connoisseur4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,s4 ,rob9son4 ,new ,york4 #ahig4 ,l'art de reconnatre les fraudes4 ,by mile ,bay>d4 ,p>is4 #aiad4 ,! foll[+ magaz9es devote pages mon?ly to articles ( especial int]e/ to collectors3 ,h\se ,g>d54 ,new ,york4 ,arts ,decoration4 ,new ,york4 ,! ,h\se ,beautiful4 ,bo/on4 ,! ,connoisseur4 ,london4 ,! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e4 ,london4 ,,index ,a ,abacnum1 site (1 #bgi ,abaquesne1 #bjc ,abbas ! ,great1 ,%ah ( ,p]sia1 #bcd ,abondio1 ,antonio1 #gj ,adam1 ,rob]t1 #afh ,adam1 ! bro!rs1 #ach ,africanus1 glass-work]1 #bbj ,aga?opus1 gem-engrav]1 #bia ,albi1 ,c\ncil (1 #ei ,aldus ,manutius1 #bhb ,alex&] ! ,great1 #bia ,am5ophis1 ,k+ ( ,egypt1 #bah ,ancona1 ,italy1 #aec ,&ri5i1 art-=g]1 #cja ,angel9i1 #abi ,anne1 ,que5 ( ,engl&1 #aah ,apollonides1 gem-engrav]1 #bia ,a%b]ry metal1 #eh ,a%wor?1 #adi ,aspasios1 gem-engrav]1 #bia ,a!nion1 gem-engrav]1 #bia auctions1 art1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ih1 #aah1 #abj ,avignon1 #bjj ,b ,bacc>at1 ,france1 #bbf ,bacon1 ,john1 #abi ,b>b]1 ,edw9 ,atlee1 #bbe ,b>b]9i ,vase1 #acj ,b>bosa1 ,odo>do1 #dd ,b>tolozzi1 ,f41 #aca basse taille enamels1 #aha ,bassiano1 art-=g]1 #cjj ,ba/ille1 #bjh ,beaucl]k1 ,lady ,diana1 #abi ,beau=t1 ,duke (1 #afh ,belli1 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*airs1 #gg-hc2 ,w9dsor1 #gh ,*amplev enamel1 #agi ,*ang ,y+-w51 ,*9ese art-critic1 #bdi ,*>les ,i ( ,engl&1 #ae2 ,,ii ( ,engl&1 #cd1 #aje ,*>lotte1 ,que5 ( ,engl&1 #aah ,*elsea w>e1 #aae-aah1 #abd ,*'i5 ,lung1 ,emp]or ( ,*9a1 #bdc *9a-m5d+1 #acj ,*9ese porcela9s1 #bch-bde ,*9ese ,ta/e1 #dh *9tz1 #db-ej1 #acg ,*ipp5dale1 ,?omas1 #cj2 *airs1 g5u9e1 #hb ,cipriani1 #aca ,clif=ds ,inn1 ,pewt] ,exhibition1 #eb ,*osroes1 jewel$ cup (1 #ahb cloisonn enamels1 #agi1 #bfb1 #bfg2 ,*9ese1 #bfb2 ,japanese1 #bfb2 relief1 #agi ,cl\et1 ,franois1 #gj ,cluny1 ,muse de1 #aif cup-plates1 #cf-da ,coom>aswamy1 ,an&a1 #bcb1 #bcf ,col91 #ahi ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 #bic ,corniole1 ,giovanni della1 #bie ,consoles1 #afd2 ,engli%1 #aff2 ,am]ican1 #aff cotton-pr9t+1 #dh cottons1 pr9t$1 #acg c\*1 #ace ,c\rt1 ,jean1 #ahh ,c\rtoys1 #ahh cov]lets1 h&-wov51 #gd-gf ,c[p]1 #acd ,cr[n ( ,/4 ,/eph51 #ahb ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey 8,tea-,p>ties10 #cj ,cumb]l&1 ,duke (1 #aah ,d ,dalmazzioni1 #abi ,dante1 #baa ,d>tmoor1 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#ahg enamels1 brass taille1 #aha2 *amplev1 #agi1 #bfd2 ,*9ese1 #bfb2 cloisonn1 #agh2 encru/$1 #ahb2 ,go?ic1 #ahg2 ,greek1 #bfc2 grisaille1 #ahh2 ,indian1 #bfd2 ,japanese1 #bfg2 ,limoges1 #bfd2 pa9t$1 #bfd2 plique j\r1 #ahb2 relief cloisonn1 #agi2 rep\ss1 #ahj1 #bfd2 ,russian1 #ahb2 ,v5etian1 #ahc ,epityn*anos1 gem-engrav]1 #bia escritoires1 #ajg ,evans1 ,ar?ur1 #bhh ,evelyn's ,di>y1 #hd ,f ,f$]igo1 ,duke ( ,urb9o1 #bae ,f]r>a1 #bae ,flanagan1 ,john1 #bhd ,flaxman1 ,john1 #abi ,fondi1 ,pietro1 art-=g]1 #cja ,fontana1 ,annibale1 #bhc2 ,orazio1 #baf ,font5ay1 ,juli5 de1 gem-engrav]1 #bie ,=tnum1 ,c4 ,d4 ,e41 #bab1 #bad1 #bae ,france1 ,anatole1 #c1 #aih ,francia1 ,francesco1 #bha1 #bhb ,francis ,i ( ,france1 #bie ,franois1 ,rn1 #bbc ,frankl91 ,allegory (1 #di ,franks1 ,sir ,a4 ,w41 #cjb ,fras]1 ,james ,e>le1 #bhd fraudul5t art1 #bii ,fr$]ick ,,ii ( ,prussia1 #aah fu*i1 #bgc ,fu*[1 #bej furniture1 e>ly desk1 #ajf-aad2 l\ng+1 #acd-ade ,fu%imi1 ,japanese armor]1 #bgd ,g ,gambello1 art-=g]1 #cjj ,gamm] ,gurton's ,ne$le1 #fb gems1 ar*aic ,greek1 #bhh2 ,cretan1 #bhh2 cameo1 #bcg2 culm9at+ ,greek p]iod1 #bic2 e>ly p]iod1 #bic2 engrav$1 #bhf-bih2 ,etruscan1 #bic2 fraudul5t1 #cja2 intaglio1 #bhg1 #bif1 #cja2 ,poniat[ski1 #bib1 #cja2 prehi/oric1 #bic2 ,roman1 #bic2 transitional ,greek p]iod1 #bhi ,george ,,ii ( ,engl&1 #aah2 ,,iii ( ,engl&1 #bif ,ghirl&aio1 #ajh ,giorgio1 ,mae/ro1 #bae ,gir>d1 ,/eph51 #add glass1 ,am]ican1 #bbd2 c>v$1 #beh2 ,*9ese1 #beg2 fl9t1 discov]y (1 #he2 m5d+1 #acj2 millefiore1 #hh1 #bah-bbf2 ,roman1 #bbj2 ,v5etian1 #bba1 #bbb1 #bbc glasses1 ,engli%-dr9k+-1 #hd-ic2 ,leckie ,collection (1 #hb2 ,jacobite1 #ij2 ,williamite1 #ib glyptic art1 ,greek1 #bib gomroon1 #aag ,gonse1 ,l\is1 #bfh ,gosset1 ,isaac1 #gj ,goto ,yujo1 ,japanese armor]1 #bgd ,greatback1 ,william1 #abi ,gre51 ,w41 ,co41 #aea ,gre5wi* ,tea-,p>ty1 #cj ,grew1 gem-engrav]1 #bif ,groli]1 ,jean1 #ae ,gre5l& ,valleyfield1 ,engl&1 #afc grisaille enamels1 #ahh ,gubbio1 ,italy1 maiolica (1 #bad1 #bae 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