,transcrib]s' notes are plac$ aft] ! text4 ,,vol4 ,,viii4 ,,t]ms3--,,"o ,,doll> ,a ,,ye> ,,9 ,,advance4 ,,no4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,prison ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,philan?ropy4 ,,publi%$ ,,qu>t]ly ,,"u ,,! ,,direction ,,( ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,society ,,= ,,alleviat+ ,,! ,,mis]ies ,,( ,,public ,,prisons1 ,,in/itut$ #aghg4 ,! sep>ation ( "o prison] f ano!r is ! only s\nd basis on :i* a re=matory 7prison7 discipl9e c be e/abli%$ ) any reasonable hope ( success4--,fif? ,report ( ,inspectors ( ,engli% ,prisons4 ,,april1 #ahec4 ,,philadelphia3 ,e4 ,c4 ,,& ,j4 ,,biddle1 ,,s\?we/ ,,corn] ,,( ,,fif? ,,& ,,m9or ,,/reets4 ,,london3 ,,*>les ,,gilp94 #ahec4 ,isaac ,a%mead1 ,pr9t]4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,no4 ,,ii4 ,art4 ,i4--,moral & ,religi\s ,in/ruction ( ,convicts1 #ec ,,ii4--,report ( ! ,discipl9e & ,managem5t ( ! #fa ,convict-,prisons1 & ,disposal ( ,convicts1 7,engl&17 ,,iii4--,s\rces & ,*ecks ( ,juv5ile ,del9qu5cy1 #gj ,,iv4--,p5nsylvania ,p5it5ti>ies1 #gh ,v4--,%\ld ,convicts be ,receiv$ into ! ,/ate ,lunatic #hb ,hospital at ,h>risburg8 ,,vi4--,report ( ! ,condition ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,prison1 #hi ,,vii4--,an ,extraord9>y ,docum5t1 #ic ,,viii4--,a ,philan?ropic ,p]plexity1 #if ,,miscellane\s ,,notices4 ,vagrant ,*ildr5 ( ,new ,york1 #ih-ii ,/reet ,begg+ 9 ,new ,york1 #ii ,new ,york ,prison ,association1 #ajj ,new ,york ,/ate ,prisons1 #ajj ,be be=eh& ) ! ,tempt]1 #aja ,new ,p5it5ti>y 9 ,massa*usetts1 #aja ,/ate ,prison at ,*>le/[n 7,mass417 #aja ,ill9ois ,p5it5ti>y1 #ajb ,new ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool1 #ajb ,juv5ile ,(f5d]s1 #ajb ,s+ul> ,avocation & ,mode ( ,life 9 ,london1 #ajc ,dea? f ,sep>ation1 #ajc ,murd]s 9 ,philadelphia1 #ajd ,miss\ri ,insane ,asylum1 #ajd ,miss\ri ,p5it5ti>y1 #ajd ,items ( g5]al ,in=mation1 #aje-ajg ,ackn[l$gm5ts1 #ajg ,premium = an ,essay on ,juv5ile ,del9qu5cy1 #ajh ,,notice ,,( ,,?is ,,j\rnal4 ,x embodies m in=mation on ! subject ( prisons1 arrang$ & express$ 9 ! _s ( lit]ature & sci5ce1 ?an any o!r publication ( our c\ntry & w comp>e ) any ,j\rnal devot$ to ?is dep>tm5t ( k 9 ,europe4--,hon4 ,*>les ,sumn]'s ,spee*1 9 debate on prison "q 9 ,bo/on1 ,may1 #ahdg4 ,,rec5t ,,notices4 ,f ! ,nor? ,am]ican & ,unit$ ,/ates' ,gazette4 ,we h receiv$ f ,messrs4 ,e4 ,c4 ,j4 ,biddle ! la/ numb] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,j\rnal ( ,prison ,discipl9e1 :i* is publi%$ qu>t]ly1 "u ! direction ( ! ,philadelphia ,society = alleviat+ ! ,mis]ies ( ,public ,prisons4 ,a glance ?r\gh its pages %[s :at is well und]/ood--t x is a highly valuable p]iodical1 communicat+ mu* & v>i\s important in=mation ^u ! subject ( :i* x treats4 ,x is ! only publication ( ! k9d 9 ! c\ntry1 is c]ta9ly a v mu* ne$$ "o1 & ought1 !re=e1 to be well su/a9$ by ! public4 7,see #c;d page ( ,cov]47 ,,! ,,p5nsylvania ,,j\rnal ,,( ,,prison ,,discipl9e4 ,,vol4 ,,viii4--,,april1 #ahec--,no4 #b4 ,,art4 ,i4--,,moral ,,& ,,religi\s ,,in/ruction ,,( ,,convicts4 ,! read]s ( ?is ,j\rnal ne$ n be told t we are n v sangu9e 9 our expectations ( ! p]man5t re=mation ( ! mass ( convicts4 ,!re are d\btless in/ances en\gh ( success 9 su* ef=ts to w>rant & enc\rage !m1 & we are n to suppose t !y are ev] :olly useless4 ,! true position = u to take is ?is4 ,! e>li] we address ourselves to ! cultivation ( "r pr9ciples & habits 9 a human be+1 ! m hopeful is ! prospect ( success2 b !re is a p[] 9 tru? & love1 :i* has n seldom ov]come ! mo/ /urdy depravity2 & :ile we h ! precept & example ( ,him :o came n to call ! righte\s b s9n]s to rep5tance1 to prompt & /imulate our ef=ts 9 t direction1 we h ,8 promise too1 t :atev] is done 9 ,8 "n1 & out ( love to ,him1 %all 9 no wise lose its rew>d4 ,x is "u ! influ5ce ( ^! views t we h look$ ) int]e/ & anxiety to ! religi\s & moral influ5ces :i* ent] into ! discipl9e ( our p5it5ti>ies4 ,to no section ( _! annual reports1 d we turn ) m eag]ness ?an to t f ! *apla9 or moral in/ructor2 & ?\gh n[ & !n a well-dige/$ & satisfactory acc\nt is furni%$1 we are (t5 compell$ to be cont5t ) v vague g5]alities4 ,a specim5 ( ! religi\s disc\rses address$ to ^! unhappy congregations2 a true sket* ( a dialogue on "s religi\s or moral topic held ) "o ( !m 9 8 cell2 a synopsis ( a mon?'s labors1 %[+ ! v>i\s me?ods employ$1 direct & incid5tal1 to rea* ! sympa?ies1 & awak5 bett] motives & desires ( ! he>t1 or a brief analysis ( ^? ob/acles to moral & religi\s influ5ces1 :i* may be prop]ly reg>d$ z peculi> to prison life1--all ^!1 or any ( !m w\ld greatly relieve ! monotony ( ! reports ( *apla9s & moral in/ructors1 & w\ld add mat]ially to our means ( judg+ ( ! fitness ( _! labors to ! "* & circum/ances ( ^? on :om !y are be/[$4 ,we are (t5 favor$ ) su* specim5s ( ! v>i\s me?ods 9 :i* in/ruction 9 secul> k is convey$ to ! ignorant1 & enabl$ to *oose betwe5 !m accord+ to _! app>5t appropriat5ess4 ,:y %\ld n ! l opportunity be af=d$ 9 respect to ! m difficult & p]plex+ task ( enlight5+ adult ignorance1 c\nt]act+ deeply-deprav$ t5d5cies1 & up-root+ e/abli%$ habits ( evil8 ,x 0 ) ! hope ( br++ ?is important dep>tm5t ( our p5it5ti>y discipl9e m di/9ctly to view1 & ( mak+ its pr9ciples m practical & def9ite1 t ! ,prison ,society rec5tly took ! subject up1 & ref]r$ x to a committee = consid]ation & report4 ,at ! meet+ 9 ,janu>y la/ a full report 0 submitt$1 f :i* we make ! foll[+ extracts3 ,x w be conc$$ on all h&s1 we presume1 t moral in/ruction is an important elem5t ( e sy/em ( ,prison ,discipl9e4 ,we are aw>e t 9 "s ( ! l>ge/ prisons ( ,europe little1 if any1 importance is atta*$ to x2 b :5ev] !re is any hope ( re=m+ ! "* ( a convict1 or ( e/abli%+ a p]man5t re/ra9+ pr9ciple1 x mu/ be f\nd$ on "s improvem5t 9 8 moral feel+s & habits4 ,t peculi> difficulties & emb>rassm5ts %\ld att5d any approa* to ?is unhappy class ( our fell[ be+s1 ) a view to m\ld moral "*1 w\ld seem v natural2 b is x n possible t we exagg]ate ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! mass ( ! _w1 9 respect to _! susceptibilities ( good impressions8 ,may we n easily =get t betwe5 a score ( m5 9 our prison cells1 & tw5ty score ( m5 t may be select$ f society at l>ge1 ! only diff]5ce is t ! =m] are detect$ rogues1 & ! latt] are 7p]haps great]7 rogues undetect$8 ,! ins & ! outs are equally op5 to moral influ5ces1 & yet we %\ld be v likely to ?9k ( ! ins z almo/ hopelessly beyond _! rea*1 :ile ! outs might be e/eem$ fair subjects ( !m4 ,x is moreov] surpris+ h[ mu* f>!r a conviction ( crime goes to exclude m5 f ! pale ( sympa?y & ! (f] ( assi/ance1 ?an crime itself4 ,! guilt ( hundr$s ( m5 at l>ge is z fully e/abli%$ 9 ! public m9d1 z t ( any convict 9 our p5it5ti>y2 yet we d n reg>d x z at all impracticable to rea* !m ) appropriate moral influ5ces4 ,we %\ld n hesitate to comm5d books to _! att5tion1 to invite & urge !m to att5d "s place ( wor%ip1 nor to c\nsel !m to ab&on all evil c\rses4 ,:y %\ld we h less fai? 9 ! l means :5 employ$ ^u no worse m51 aft] _! "* has be5 def9$ by a judicial s5t5ce8 ,= ?\gh true x is t ! presumption ( innoc5ce is only tak5 away by ! pro( ( guilt1 yet :5 look+ at m5 z ! subjects ( moral influ5ces & sympa?ies1 ! fact t "o is 9 prison & ano!r at l>ge really makes mu* less diff]5ce ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,?us mu* x seem$ ne$ful to say1 by way ( answ] to ^? :o di/ru/ all ef=ts = ! re=mation ( convicts1 reg>d+ !m z vision>y1 if n ,quixotic4 ,x is to be regrett$ t su* incr$ulity sometimes possesses ! m9ds ( ^? :o h ! *ief ov]sight & direction ( ! discipl9e ( our p5al in/itutions4 ,! deception1 hypocrisy & trea*]y ( convicts1 :i* !y s (t5 witness1 naturally confirms _! di/ru/ & may v easily excite prejudices aga9/ any attempt to improve _! moral condition4 ,we are f> f repres5t+ ! moral & religi\s in/ruction ( convicts z an easy task4 ,x requires mu* pati5ce1 simplicity1 tact & e>ne/ness1 a r>e k ( human nature1 & a comb9ation ( adjunct influ5ces :i* are n always at comm&4 ,we only mean to affirm t :atev] =ce lies 9 ! argum5t aga9/ ef=ts = ! moral re=mation ( convicts1 may be us$ aga9/ su* ef=ts = any o!r class ( m54 ,x w\ld be a happy ?+ = our prisons1 if ! _s ( ,*ri/ian b5evol5ce 7 suffici5tly awak5$ & active to ensure ! ne$ful measure ( sympa?y1 in/ruction & moral culture f volunt>y & unpaid s]vice4 ,b necessity seems to be laid ^u u to provide a m p]man5t & reliable sy/em ( ag5cies & influ5ces4 ,"o or m (fic]s appo9t$ to ?is specific "w ( giv+ in/ruction to ! ignorant1 & pres5t+ motives & enc\ragem5ts to a bett] life to ^? :o are accu/om$ to d evil1 seems to be indisp5sable to secure any ?+ l a prop] att5tion to ?is important dep>tm5t4 ,h5ce ! call = a *apla9 or moral in/ructor4 ,9 look+ at ! condition ( our two ,philadelphia prisons 9 respect to ! provision = moral in/ruction1 we are con/ra9$ to say1 t x is n su* ei!r 9 effici5cy or success1 z we ?9k desirable1 atta9able1 & inde$ absolutely necess>y4 ,in/ead ( br++ to view1 h[ev]1 :at "s ( u might reg>d z grave defects 9 ! pres5t incumb5ts ( ! moral in/ructor's (fice1 we w sugge/ :at we _c b reg>d z indisp5sable requisites 9 su* a function>y1 & leave ^? :o h ! appo9t+ & remov+ p[] to ex]cise x at _! discretion4 ,i4 ,a moral in/ructor %\ld exemplify 9 ! m9ute/ p>ticul>s ! moral pr9ciples he inculcates4--,any obvi\s neglect or evasion ( duty1 any appe>ance ( hypocrisy or inconsi/5cy1 any sallies ( ill-hum\r or fretfulness1 any impati5ce ( contradiction & untea*abl5ess 9 8 pupils1 ! mo/ trivial brea* ( promise1 or 9 a ^w1 any dep>ture f an upright1 op5 & +5u\s deportm5t1 w detract s5sibly f 8 p[] to d good4 ,,ii4 ,he %\ld possess ! faculty ( adapt+ himself to ! v>i\s *>act]s & temp]am5ts ( convicts4--,we d n mean by ?is t he %\ld h any o!r faculty ?an su* z %rewd m5 ( common s5se ord9>ily possess1 & on :i* !y dep5d = mu* ( _! success 9 bus9ess4 ,b x is by no means a r>e ?+ to f9d a prison *apla91 or moral in/ructor peculi>ly defici5t 9 ?is po9t1 & !re is no?+ :i* is likely to /rike ! class ( p ) :om he has to deal m quickly or m unhappily ?an a weakness ( ?is k9d1 especially 9 "o :o is set to be _! tea*] & guide4 ,,iii4 ,9 su* an (fice1 ! motive ( b5evol5ce & sympa?y %\ld be se5 to h ! pr$om9ance ov] ! motive ( self-int]e/4--,! labor] 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 z well z 9 all o!rs1 is wor?y ( 8 hire1 b if ^? he w\ld influ5ce discov] 9 ! mann] ( do+ 8 "w1 or 9 8 g5]al int]c\rse1 t he acts ! "p ( a m]e function>y1 hav+ 8 beat l a police (fic]1 & fulfill+ an appo9t$ task l a delv] or dit*]1 8 usefulness w be greatly circumscrib$4 ,& ?is sugge/s ,,iv4 ,a f\r? quality 9 a *apla9 or moral in/ructor1 viz43 a w>m1 gl[+1 p]sonal1 en?usia/ic sympa?y ) ! population ( ! prison4--,he is a physician among a company ( diseas$ & dy+ pati5ts4 ,!y are bidd5 to look to him = direction & to confide 9 8 prescriptions1 7?\gh n 9 8 p[] or skill17 = a cure ( _! maladies4 ,if he has felt 9 8 own p]son ! pres5ce ( ! same disease1 7?\gh p]haps 9 a less (f5sive & aggravat$ =m17 & has kn[n ! value ( a rem$y1 he w n look ) indiff]5ce on _! symptoms1 nor he> unmov$ _! sighs & groans4 ,he w h a te> ( sympa?y = ! suff]+2 a help+ h& = ! weak & trembl+1 & w deal hone/ly b g5tly ) ! impati5t & fr[>d4 ,!y are guilty1 & is he )\t s98 ,!y are suff]+ ! p5alty ( a :olesome law1 & :at b an unse5 h& has re/ra9$ him f violat+ x8 ,:ile !re=e1 he sets be=e !m1 hone/ly & fai?fully1 ! evil ( _! ways1 he w give p[] & p]suasiv5ess to 8 words by ! t5d] & sympa?iz+ tones 9 :i* !y are utt]$4 ,:ile he po9ts !m to a m]ciful & fai?ful high prie/ t has pa/ into ! heav5s1 & ev] lives to make int]cession = guilty1 p5it5t m51 he %[s t1 l t same high prie/1 he is t\*$ ) ! feel+ ( _! infirmities & sympa?izes 9 _! bondage4 ,v4 ,a *apla9 or moral in/ructor %\ld h good judgm5t 9 ! selection ( subjects ( conv]sation & in/ruction1 & 9 8 me?ods ( illu/ration4--,x is n unfrequ5tly ! case1 t ! mo/ h>% & repulsive views ( moral & religi\s tru? are pres5t$ to ^? ^: m9ds are already fill$ ) prejudice & ho/ility1 z if x 7 ne$ful 7z x is said to be 9 "s bodily diseases7 to make !m worse be=e attempt+ to make !m bett]4 ,a man ( f]oci\s temp] is ! la/ p]son to tame a wild bea/2 nor w a sev]e & (f5sive pres5tation ( ! mo/ preci\s tru? be likely to w9 an already ali5at$ m9d4 ,to *>ge home _! guilt on convicts1 & make !m feel t !y h z good z !y des]ve1 ev5 if _! situation 7 mu* worse ?an x is1 w nev] pave ! way = moral influ5ces4 ,x requires good judgm5t to select topics = ! moral & religi\s in/ruction ( convicts1 & mu* skill & tact to illu/rate !m4 ,a false position on a moral subject w be q z likely to /rike a congregation ( rogues z a congregation ( hone/ m52 & x is wond]ful h[ ! fai? ( a disciple is weak5$ by a s+le mat]ial error 9 a tea*]4 ,! moral in/ructor ( prison]s1 hav+ no?+ to d ) po9ts ( polemic !ology or subtle casui/ry1 has a pla9 & easy pa? if he is only will+ to keep x4 ,! elem5t>y tru?s ( religion & morality1 :i* lie )9 ! compreh5sion alike ( a *ild & ( an angel1 & :i* are recogniz$ by all sob]-m9d$ m5 z ! basis & /am9a ( all true moral re=mation1 are to be expla9$ & en=c$1 & _! influ5ce 9 promot+ happ9ess1 respectability & prosp]ity 9 ?is life & 9 prep>+ u = ! future1 is to be cle>ly exhibit$4 ,9 illu/rat+ ^! tru?s1 mu* dep5ds on a seasonable ref]5ce to ^? ?+s )9 ! k or pres5t consci\sness ( ! convicts4 ,incid5ts ( daily obs]vation--! famili> ph5om5a ( nature1 _! own hi/ory 9 its social & moral relations1 7) :i* ! tea*] is suppos$ to h made himself acqua9t$7 w furni% topics appropriate 9 "* & abundant 9 v>iety4 ,,vi4 ,x is v important t a moral in/ructor %\ld possess ! faculty ( casual tea*+4--,x is an easy ?+ to occupy t5 or fifte5 m9utes 9 talk+ ) a convict1 b if he w\ld leave some?+ beh9d him = ! man to pond] & reflect on :5 ! cell-door closes aga91 ! visitor or in/ructor mu/ weigh well :at he says1 & seize ! opportunity to drop a casual ^w ( admonition1 or enc\ragem5t1 or intimidation1 z ! condition & habits ( ea* individual may w>rant4 ,^! casual sugge/ions (t5 h f> m weight ?an a /udi$ s]mon1 or an elaborate & e>ne/ exhortation4 ,! me?ods ( ex]t+ an influ5ce ov] o!rs1 & especially ov] ?\ghtless & p]v]se p]sons1 w\ld be mu* m appropriate & effective 7 !y gov]n$ less by ! tea*]'s own /ate ( m9d1 & m by ! /ate ( ! m9d :i* he wi%es to *ange4 ,moral in/ructors ( all grades are (t5times 9 ! d>k respect+ ! m5tal condition & habits ( _! cate*um5s2 & prison *apla9s or in/ructors n unfrequ5tly err 9 occupy+ s mu* ( _! int]views 9 expo/ulation1 repro( & entreaty1 z to leave no prop] opportunity to he>1 mu* less to draw out1 an expression ( ! convict's own feel+s4 ,9 su* a case _! labors1 h[ev] well meant1 lose mu* ( _! value1 & are sometimes worse ?an wa/$4 ,,vii4 ,x is highly desirable t in/ruction 9 s\nd le>n+ %\ld be comb9$ ) in/ruction 9 religi\s & moral duties4--,he :o op5s our m9ds to ! appreh5sion ( new & valuable ideas1 ga9s an important asc5dancy ov] u4 ,! labors ( a fai?ful & skilful tea*] are always rememb]$ ) gratitude4 ,n[ !re are a ?\s& opportunities 9 ! c\rse ( ord9>y in/ruction1 ev5 9 ! simple bran*es ( read+ & writ+1 to ?r[ out sugge/ions ( duty & int]e/1 :i* a wat*ful tea*] w eag]ly improve4 ,9 ! sett+ ( a copy1 9 ! read+ ( a p>agraph1 & ev5 9 ! spell+ ( a ^w1 su* an opportunity may pres5t itself4 ,p[]ful & la/+ associations are (t5 e/abli%$ 9 ?is way4 ,! famili> s5t5ce-- ,evil communications corrupt good mann]s1 :i* has = a c5tury p]haps1 be5 us$ z a copy 9 writ+-s*ools & classes1 & :i* 0 orig9ally select$1 probably1 because !re is s l>ge a proportion ( lett]s ( ! simple/ =mation1 has d\btless be5 fix$ 9 ! m9ds ( ?\s&s by ! use ( x 9 su* a connection4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ h[ transi5t1 unc]ta9 & unfavorable is ! opportunity to impress at all ! m9ds ( convicts1 we may well insi/ ^u ! /ricte/ economy 9 ! use ( su* z we h4 ,,viii4 ,z a libr>y has become an almo/ indisp5sable app5dage to our prisons1 ! moral in/ructor %\ld be compet5t1 n only to select ! mo/ appropriate book = ! use ( ! convicts1 b also to di/ribute !m ) judgm5t :5 "u 8 c>e4--,! mo/ prepo/]\s errors are (t5 detect$ 9 "s ( our prisons on bo? ^! po9ts4 ,:]e books are k9dly giv5 = su* a purpose1 ref]5ce is seldom _h to ! appropriat5ess ( !m4 ,!y are n want$ by ! donor1 & are !re=e giv5 to ! prison4 ,! moral in/ructor %\ld be held responsible = e book t goes ^u ! %elves ( ! prison libr>y1 & he %\ld be s famili> ) ! g5]al "* & design ( ea* volume1 z to det]m9e z to its appropriat5ess to ! condition1 capacity & pres5t habit ( ea* prison]'s m9d4 ,,ix4 ,we are cle> t ! moral in/ructor %\ld reside )9 ! prison walls1 & be expect$ to h ! same con/ancy 9 duties & responsibilities z ! w>d51 or any o!r resid5t (fic]4 ,!re is no h\r ( ! day 9 :i* he may n f9d or make an opportunity ( do+ good1 & x is only by id5tify+ himself ) ! daily r\t9e ( prison-duties1 & ) ! int]e/s ( all conc]n$ 9 _! adm9i/ration1 t he c prop]ly execute 8 "w4 ,x4 ,! "* & position ( ! moral in/ructor %\ld be su* z to comm& ! respect & confid5ce ( ! (fic]s & inspectors4--,!re is no su* ?+ z hood-w9k+ prison]s on su* a subject z ?is4 ,!y soon discov] h[ mu* respect ! executive au?orities feel = ! man :o is appo9t$ to su* an (fice1 & x is va9 to suppose _! e/imation ( him by ^? )9 ! cells w be any high]4 ,! moral !rmomet] on ! outside & ! inside ( ! p>tition wall1 w indicate a simil> temp]ature on ?is1 & on mo/ o!r subjects4 ,!re are prison *apla9s & moral in/ructors 9 ! _w1 ^: *>act]s & op9ions *all5ge ! reg>d & respect n only ( prison (fic]s & visitors1 b ( ! public at l>ge2 & su* h uni=mly ex]t$ a mo/ s5sible & happy influ5ce on ! wret*$ congregations committ$ to _! *>ge4 ,if ! moral in/ructors 9 our ,/ate & ,c\nty prisons are ( ?is /amp1 we may well congratulate ourselves t s important a po/ is adequately fill$4 ,if !y are n possess$1 9 "s good degree1 ( ! qualities :i* h be5 enum]at$1 ! soon] !y are remov$ ! bett] %all we reg>d x = ! prison & = ! public1 = we are cle> t an incompet5t incumb5t ( su* an (fice is an in/rum5t ( m evil ?an good4 ,,art4 ,,ii4--,,report ,,( ,,! ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,managem5t ,,( ,,! ,,convict ,,prisons ,,& ,,disposal ,,( ,,convicts1 #ahea-b1 ) notes on ! ,con/ruction ( ,prisons1 ,treatm5t & ,disposal ( ,juv5ile ,(f5d]s1 c4 ,by ,lieut5ant ,colonel ,jebb1 ,surveyor ,g5]al ( prisons ( ,engl&1 c41 pp4 #bah1 ) num]\s plates4 ,?is docum5t is dat$ 9 ,june la/1 & came to h& s9ce our ,janu>y numb] 0 issu$4 ,9 a cursory read+ ( x1 we h not$ sev]al po9ts ( g5]al int]e/1 & )\t attempt+ a classification ( ! topics1 we w imag9e our read]s to be look+ ov] our %\ld] z we rapidly turn ! leaves1 mak+ n[ & !n a brief comm5t or two4 ,9 ! t5 prisons = sep>ate conf9em5t 9 ,engl& prop]1 !re is room = #b1dei convicts1 & #b1aic 7 9 prison1 leav+ unoccupi$ accommodations = #bff4 ,9 ! ?ree prisons = labor on ! public works !re 7 #a1ica conf9$1 & only #ag m c\ld h be5 receiv$4 ,9 ! hulks1 !re 7 #a1ghj & only two vacancies2 & 9 ! ,juv5ile ,prison at ,p>khur/1 !re 7 #egg t5ants & #bi vacancies4 ,! total convict population ( ! ye> 0 #i1jcc1 & !re 7 #cee m on h& ,decemb] #ca1 #ahea1 ?an at ! same date 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,( ! :ole numb]1 #ac 7 remov$ to ,lunatic ,asylums dur+ ! ye>1 #adg 7 p>don$1 7( :om #gf 7 on m$ical gr\nds17 & #aaa di$4 ,9 ! report ( ! ,millbank prison1 we h an incid5tal te/imony f ! *apla9 to ! moral advantages ( sep>ation1 :i* we ?9k valuable4 ,( moral improvem5t1 h[ev]1 z reg>ds ! _m1 embrac+ *ange ( pr9ciple & real am5dm5t ( "*1 he feels 7he says7 consid]able diffid5ce4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! circum/ances ( ! prison1--! p]iod ( sep>ate conf9em5t1 r>ely exce$+ six mon?s1 be+ some:at brief to be p]man5tly effective = re=matory purposes--! dang] ( any good impressions made dur+ t p]iod 7! se$-"t ( re=mation7 be+ effac$ :5 prison]s are transf]r$ to ! l>ge rooms & g5]al w>d1 :]e ! opportunity is )drawn f ^? "u incipi5t convictions ( be+ ev] left alone ) _! consci5ce1 & ! spiritual ex]cises ( ! m advanc$ 9 religion1 bo? m$itation & pray]1 are subject to di/urbance4 ,if ?is op9ion is ! result ( intellig5t & long cont9u$ obs]vation1 7z we suppose x to be17 x is c]ta9ly v conclusive z to ! value & indisp5sabl5ess ( convict-sep>ation z a means ( re=m4 ,! italic words are all f\nd ( ! same "* 9 ! orig9al docum5t4 ,!y =m1 :5 read by !mselves1 a memorable s5t5ce1 & "o :i* we respectfully comm5d to all ^? :o /& 9 d\bt on ! subject4 ,moral improvem5t or real am5dm5t ( "*1 to be p]man5tly effective among ! _m1 is n to be expect$ 9 l>ge rooms & g5]al w>ds4 ,!y require to be left alone ) _! consci5ce4 ,f ,p5tonville1 we h a v favorable report1 especially z x reg>ds ! heal?1 physical & m5tal4 ,only two cases ( insanity h occurr$ dur+ ! ye> among #efa prison]s1 & ( ^! "o _h l[ intellectual developm5t1 :i* made him incapable ( le>n+ a trade2 & ! o!r1 ?\gh only #bf ye>s ( age1 _h be5 previ\sly convict$ & imprison$ ?ree times4 ,he 0 sudd5ly seiz$ ) mania ?ree weeks only aft] commitm5t1 & c]ebral disease 0 presum$ by ! physician to h be5 ^u him :5 receiv$4 ,conc]n+ bo? ( ! cases ! physician rem>ks1 t ! insanity 0 n traceable to ! op]ation ( sep>ation on ! m9ds ( ! prison]s4--p4 #aa4 ,we v5ture to say t no prison on any plan or sy/em c %[ clean] pap]s respect+ ! heal? ( an equal numb] ( convicts4 ,x seems t imm$iately succe$+ ?is ye> ( rem>kable heal?1 9 ! c\rse ( ! fir/ half ( ! ye> #aheb1 an unusually l>ge numb] ( cases ( m5tal affection occurr$1 :i* l$ to ! sub/itution ( brisk walk+ 9 conc5tric r+s = ex]cise 9 sep>ate air+ y>ds--! abolition ( ! mask or peak :i* 0 f\nd useless z a prev5tive ( recognition1 & ! do+ away ( ! *apel /alls4 ,x is well kn[n t ^! ?ree features ( ! ,p5tonville sy/em 7 design$ to c>ry out ! pr9ciple ( /rict sep>ation4 ,if !y 7 f\nd ineffectual = ?is purpose1 _! ab&onm5t is a matt] ( no mom5t2 & z ! t]m ( imprisonm5t 9 ?is p5it5ti>y is reg>d$ z probation>y1 & is moreov] re/rict$ to twelve mon?s1 we c sc>cely suppose t su* *anges 7 requir$ by way ( relax+ ! discipl9e4 ,colonel ,jebb gives u to und]/& t ! prejudices ( ! public aga9/ sep>ate conf9em5t are gradually subsid+1 & he ?9ks x ( great] importance to ! m g5]al introduction ( ! sy/em t e ef=t %\ld be made to secure its great advantages )\t aga9 rais+ ! "q ( its safety4 ,is !re no dang]1 h[ev]1 t its efficacy may be s f> dim9i%$ by ne$less relaxation1 z to make x sc>cely wor? ! tr\ble ( introduc+ x8 ,we h n a %ad[ ( evid5ce1 nor ev5 an intimation t ! suppos$ increase ( insanity 0 9 ! slighte/ degree ! result ( sev]e discipl9e2 nor h we any report f ! m$ical (fic]1 visit+ or resid5t1 z to ! exi/5ce ( su* an unusually l>ge numb] ( cases ( m5tal affection4 ,b :e!r !y exi/$ or n1 !y 7 believ$ to exi/1 & ! ,bo>d ( ,commission]s direct$ ! *anges to :i* we h above adv]t$4 ,9 ! progress ( ! inquiries on ! subject1 x 0 sugge/$ to ! visit+ director1 t he %\ld obta9 ! jo9t op9ion ( ! ,gov]nor1 ,*apla9 & ,m$ical ,(fic] on sundry po9ts1 among :i* 7 ! foll[+3 #a4 ,:e!r x appe>s necess>y to reject any p>ticul> description ( prison]s z be+ unfit subjects = sep>ate conf9em5t1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ^? ( dull intellect1 or o!rs :o d n speak ! language1 & are1 !re=e1 less capable ( in/ruction4 #b4 ,:e!r ! arrangem5ts at ,wakefield & ,leice/]1 ) reg>d to assembl+ = public wor%ip1 s*ool in/ruction1 ex]cise 9 association1 c41 are likely to be ! cause ( a m favorable effect ( sep>ate 787 conf9em5t on app>5tly ! same class ( prison]s4 #c4 ,:e!r a great] /imulus or a great] degree ( vigor _c be imp>t$ to ! trades & occupations 9 ! cells4 #d4 ,:e!r x w be necess>y & desirable1 aft] a c]ta9 p]iod ( conf9em5t1 to ex]cise all prison]s 9 association1 & :e!r ! removal ( bo? ! long ranges ( ex]cis+-y>ds w be suffici5t = su* purpose4 #e4 ,:e!r ! g>d5 at ! back ( ! prison might n be advantage\sly cultivat$ by prison]s select$ f ^? :o may h be5 a c]ta9 p]iod 9 conf9em5t4 #f4 ,:e!r disp5s+ ) ! mask w\ld be likely to be att5d$ ) a b5eficial effect4 ,we %\ld h be5 gratifi$ to "k ! answ]s :i* 7 return$ to ^! p]t95t & important inquiries4 ,we ?9k ! second "q w\ld puzzle ! wise/ commission] t c\ld be f\nd1 :e!r association w be ! cause ( a m favorable effect ( sep>ate conf9em5t on app>5tly ! same class ( prison]s6 ,or to v>y ! phraseology1 :at is likely to be ! effect ( association ^u sep>ation6 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any report f ! m$ical (fic]1 & ) ! heal? report ( ! prec$+ twelvemon? be=e u1 we _c d\bt t "s misappreh5sion has aris5 f exagg]at$ & possibly fictiti\s repres5tations4 ,a new *apt] ( obs]vations & conclusions is op5$ to u at ,millbank by ,dr4 ,baly1 ! visit+ physician4 ,x w be rememb]$ t no little discrepancy ( op9ion occurr$ a %ort "t s9ce betwe5 ! resid5t & visit+ physician ( ! p5it5ti>y at ,p5tonville1,a & h5ce we %\ld feel dispos$ to susp5d full confid5ce 9 ! pres5t /atem5t1 till we "k :at ! o!r doctor has to say4 ,b "o or two facts may be safely cit$1 :i* w s]ve to %[ h[ entirely irreconcilable "s !ories on ?is subject are ) ea* o!r1 & ) ! actual ph5om5a4 ,( eight insane convicts transf]r$ dur+ ! ye> #ahea f ,millbank to ! ,lunatic ,hospital1 five 7 decid$ly insane :5 receiv$ into ! prison4 ,! aggregate ( eight ye>s gives u sixty-five cases ( insanity among #g1cic convicts1 ( :om ?irty-five 7 insane :5 receiv$1 & n9e ( ! rema9d] 7 ( v l[ intellect1 & only tw5ty-"o 7 ( s\nd m9d2 ( ^! tw5ty-"o1 ?irte5 recov]$ 9 ! prison1 leav+ only eight all told1 or ab\t "o 9 #a1jjj z suff]]s1 9 ?is =m1 f _! inc>c]ation6 ,:at prison or :at mode ( discipl9e c %[ a bett] result ?an ?is8 ,a ,see ,j\rnal ( ,prison ,discipl9e = ,april1 #aheb4 ,among ! v rem>kable ?+s disclos$ 9 ?is report ( ,dr4 ,baly1 we f9d t dur+ ! fir/ f\r ye>s ( ! p]iod ( "t embrac$ 9 x1 :5 ! av]age t]m ( imprisonm5t 0 less ?an "o hundr$ days1 ! cases ( insanity 7 #aa or #c4bh p] #a1jjj prison]s1 & t 9 ! la/ f\r ye>s1 9 :i* fifty-six days 7 add$ to ! av]age l5g? ( conf9em5t1 ! cases ( insanity rose to #ai or #d4gj p] #a1jjj6 ,s t1 omitt+ ^? :o recov]$ 9 prison1 ! ratio 9 ! fir/ f\r ye>s 0 #a4di p] #a1jjj1 &1 ! la/ #b4gb1 or ne>ly d\ble6 ,x has be5 g5]ally conc$$ ev5 by ! mo/ zeal\s oppon5ts ( sep>ation1 t its t5d5cies are q h>mless & ev5 :olesome1 :5 n ext5d$ mu* beyond twelve mon?s2 b ,dr4 ,baly's report pres5ts an entirely new view ( ! case4 ,he tells u t ! ratio ( insanity is twice z high 9 ! second ?ree mon?s ( conf9em5t1 & m ?an ?ree times z high 9 ! ?ird1 z x is 9 ! fir/4 ,8 table is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,approximative ,numb] ,annual ,numb] ( ,cases ( ratio p] #a1jjj ,p]iods ( ,imprisonm5t4 ( ,prison]s ,insanity ( ,cases ( :o pass$ occurr+ 9 ,insanity = ?r\gh ea* ,p]iod4 ea* ,p]iod4 ea* ,p]iod4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,fir/ ,?ree ,mon?s #af1jjj #i #b4be ,second ,?ree ,mon?s #h1djj #i #d4bh ,?ird ,?ree ,mon?s #d1bjj #h #g4fa ,f\r? ,?ree ,mon?s1 or lat] #a1bjj #d -- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,b x un=tunately happ5s t ! reasons assign$ = ^! results w\ld g to disprove !m4 ,! v>i\s feel+s ( remorse1 %ame & despond5cy1 & ! )drawal ( ! ext]nal s\rces ( excitem5t1 w\ld be mu* m likely to "w ^u convicts' spirits dur+ ! fir/ ?ree mon?s1 ?an dur+ ! ?ird ?ree mon?s1 especially :5 ! t]m9ation ( ! s5t5ce is s ne> at h&4 ,b ! :ole /atem5t is s extravagant1 & s contr>y to ! receiv$ op9ions ( ev5 anti-sep>ati/s !mselves1 t we are dispos$ to give x v little weight4 ,dr4 ,giv51 late resid5t physician ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 :om we mu/ all reg>d z at lea/ an uncommitt$ p>ty1 expresses 8 conviction ( ! entire safety ( sep>ation = ! t]m ( twelve mon?s1 ev5 9 ! case ( m9ors2 b beyond t1 9 _! case1 he w\ld seldom ext5d x4 ,see 8 ,report = #aheb4 ,we h yet to be in=m$ ( ! fir/ case ( ! loss or s]i\s impairm5t ( a convict's m5tal or bodily heal? f ! judici\s & fai?ful adm9i/ration ( ! sep>ate sy/em ( discipl9e2 b :atev] real or fanci$ dang]s to body or m9d att5d x1 "o ?+ is made cle> by ! report be=e u1 viz41 t x is wond]fully efficaci\s4 ,we inf] f sev]al passages 9 ?is docum5t1 :at we h n se5 m specifically /at$ else:]e1 t ! pr9ciple ( ! discipl9e n[ e/abli%$ 9 ! ,engli% prisons1 contemplates a conf9em5t ( ! convict 9 /rict sep>ation twelve mon?s1 to prep>e him = a t]m ( labor 9 association2 & ?is latt] /age1 f its expos+ prison]s to _m temptations1 :i* !y w\ld h to enc\nt] on _! f9al release f p5al re/rictions 9 ,engl&1 is to prep>e !m = t ev5t4 ,s t we h ?ree grades or /ages 9 ! process2 sep>ation foll[s conviction & introduces to association1 :i* is prep>atory to transportation4 ,! convict1 hav+ pass$ ! appo9t$ t]m 9 sep>ate conf9em5t1 is remov$ to ! e/abli%m5t 9 ,portl& ,isl& 7or1 x may be1 :5 suitable arrangem5ts are made1 to "o ( our ,docky>ds71 to labor 9 ! =mation ( ! h>bor ( refuge1 or on "s public "w4 ,!re1 al?\gh he is /ill "u religi\s in/ruction & v judici\s sup]9t5d5ce1 8 pr9ciples & ! reality ( 8 re=mation are subject$ to a sev]e te/4 ,he is associat$ ) o!r convicts1 &1 z x _c be suppos$ t all h be5 reclaim$1 he meets ) _m temptations4 ,! (fic] 9 *>ge ( ! ,portl& ,isl& e/abli%m5t1 says3 ,! subdu$1 improv$1 & discipl9$ /ate 9 :i* ! convicts g5]ally arrive at ,portl&1 f ! /age ( sep>ate conf9em5t1 appe>s to be an admirable prep>ative = _! transf] to ! great] degree ( fre$om unavoidable on public works4 ,^? convicts :o h be5 = a consid]able "t at ,portl&1 h n usually indicat$ any fall+ (f 9 morals or conduct1 b1 on ! contr>y1 sev]al in/ances h occurr$ 9 :i* m51 on ^: conduct ! comp>ative degree ( lib]ty "h allud$ to1 appe>$ to h at fir/ an unfavorable effect1 h aft]w>ds become ord]ly & indu/ri\s1 & cont5t to "w _! way *e]fully to ! prospective advantages held out to convicts ( t "*4 ,su* /rong te/imony to ! effici5cy & p[]ful re=matory influ5ce ( sep>ation1 is ( great value4 ,"s int]e/+ items are furni%$ on ! ext5t & exp5ses ( transportation4 ,! numb] ( convicts s5t to ! ,au/ralian colonies f ,great ,brita9 9 #ahdg1 0 #ich1 9 #ahea1 #aefh4 ,! av]age numb] transport$ annually f ,great ,brita91 is giv5 at #agej--acjj males1 & #dej females4 ,! e/imates = #aheb-ec = s]vices connect$ ) ! transportation ( convicts am\nt to ! gross sum ( #aja1jdal41 :i* provides = ! removal ( #c1ajj males & #hjj females f ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& to ,au/ralia1 & ( #hjj to ,b]muda & ,gibralt>4 ,d$uct+ ! probable exp5se devot$ to ! latt] s]vice1 !re might rema9 ab\t #ie1jjjl41 z ! am\nt requir$ = ! removal ( #c1ijj convicts1 or #bdl4 p] head4 ,f v>i\s movem5ts 9 ! pres5t p>liam5t1 we are l$ to inf] t transportation w soon be ab&on$4 ,?is ev5t is m ?an intimat$ 9 ! report be=e u4 ,x is inf]r$ f ! t5or ( a brief discussion ( ! s*eme ( ! select committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 ann\nc$ two ye>s s9ce1 9 ! =m ( ?ree specific propositions1 viz43 ,i4 ,t aft] prison]s "u long s5t5ces h und]gone a p]iod ( sep>ate conf9em5t1 ! rema9d] ( _! s5t5ces ought to be pass$ "u a sy/em ( comb9$ labor1 ) effectual precautions aga9/ int]c\rse4 ,,ii4 ,t ?is object w\ld be greatly facilitat$ by ! erection ( di/rict prisons1 at ! national co/1 = ! reception ( prison]s "u long s5t5ces aft] !y h und]gone su* previ\s sep>ate conf9em5t4 ,,iii4 ,t su* di/rict prisons %\ld be ma9ta9$ at ! national co/1 & ! gov]nm5t ( su* prisons1 & all appo9tm5ts & sal>ies ( (fic]s1 ought to be "u ! control ( ,h] ,maje/y's ,gov]nm5t4 ,col4 ,jebb reg>ds ^! plans ) unqualifi$ favor4 ,if x 7 only to avoid ! inconv5i5ce & exp5se ( transportation1 he says1 x is well des]v+ ( att5tion1 especially 9 an economical po9t ( view4 ,x seems t l5g!n$ p]iods ( imprisonm5t h n hi!rto be5 resort$ to1 p>tly f !re be+ no exi/+ prison :]e s5t5ces exce$+ twelve mon?s c\ld be prop]ly c>ri$ into effect1 & p>tly1 f a s5t5ce ( transportation 9 =m] times af=d+ s easy a solution ( all difficulty bo? z reg>d$ exp5se & f9al disposal4 ,& ,col4 ,jebb expresses ! op9ion1 t if facilities exi/$ = c>ry+ into effect s5t5ces ( imprisonm5t ext5d+ f eighte5 mon?s to ?ree ye>s )\t exp5se to ! c\nties & bor\ghs1 a l>ge proportion ( ! pres5t s5t5ces to sev5 ye>s' transportation w\ld be *ang$ to imprisonm5t4 ,all[+ ! av]age s5t5ces to be f two & a half to ?ree ye>s1 n9e mon?s w\ld be pa/ "u ! discipl9e ( sep>ation1 & f tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-sev5 mon?s 9 ! di/rict prison4 ,z a g5]al conclusion ( ! :ole matt]1 ,col4 ,jebb copies & adopts ! op9ion ( ! ,p>liam5t>y committee1 t if conduct$ "u prop] regulations & control1 sep>ate conf9em5t is m effici5t ?an any o!r sy/em :i* has yet be5 tri$1 bo? 9 det]r+ f crime & 9 promot+ re=mation4 ,x is q evid5t t he is no conv]t to ,dr4 ,baly's views1 = he does n propose to r$uce ! av]age t]m ( sep>ation bel[ n9e mon?s1 )9 :i* all ! mis*iefs ( x1 7accord+ to ! ,dr4's !ory or /atem5t17 are exp]i5c$4 ,inde$1 if we are n "u great misappreh5sion1 ,col4 ,jebb has ov] & ov] aga9 express$ 8 confid5ce 9 ! pr9ciple ( sep>ation1 :5 appli$ to p]iods v>y+ f twelve to eighte5 mon?s4 ,s f> f yield+ to a sugge/ion ( relaxation1 ! pres5t report urges a uni=m sy/em ( discipl9e 9 all prisons1 & ! en=c+ ( sep>ate conf9em5t alike to ! tri$ & ! untri$4 ,x endorses ! decl>ation ( a committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 t ! comb9ation ( h>d labor ) individual sep>ation1 has be5 rem>kable 9 its effect to decrease ! numb] ( committals4 ,! prison ( ,leice/] is cit$ z an example4 ,9 "o section ( ! report1 ! subject ( en=c+ h>d labor is discuss$2 ,"l ,d5man's rem>ks are cit$1 9 :i* he speaks ( ! only legitimate end ( puni%m5t be+ to det] f crime2 b ,i ?9k ,i p]ceive1 he says1 9 "s ( ! !ories ( b5evol5t m51 su* a mode ( adm9i/]+ ! crim9al law z to enc\rage in/ead ( det]r+4 ,i greatly dread ! effect ( giv+ convicts b5efits & privileges :i* !y nev] c\ld h hop$ = b f ! commission ( crime4 ,9 allusion to ?is subject ,col4 ,jebb1 9 8 report = ! prec$+ ye>1 sugge/s :e!r among ! means ( increas+ ! /r+5cy ( ! discipl9e1 & br++ x to be> ) great] effect on ! l[e/ class ( prison]s1 & on su* z prove to be incorrigible1 also on prison]s re-committ$ to prison1 giv+ !m a less com=table b$ = c]ta9 p]iods1 or on alt]nate nights1--might n be desirable4 ,! physical com=ts ( a prison are ( necessity great] ?an ! majority ( prison]s enjoy :5 at lib]ty2 & if1 )\t injury to heal?1 ^! c be abridg$1 a m det]r+ effect w be produc$ by ! discipl9e1 bo? on ! individual himself & ! crim9al population g5]ally4 ,we h (t5 & e>ne/ly cont5d$ = a m lib]al use ( ^? me?ods ( discipl9e :i* apply to ! s\rces or organs ( crim9al indulg5ce4 ,moral diseases h correspond+ rem$ies4 ,no m suitable rem$y c be prescrib$ = idl5ess & indol5ce ?an h>d "w4 ,no?+ is m irksome to a man giv5 to deprav$ appetite1 ?an %ort commons4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a good d9n] on corn$ beef & potatoes1 & a ration ( bread & wat]1 is felt at po9ts :i* repro( & ! %[]-ba?1 & ev5 ! cat-o'-n9e-tails1 w none ( !m rea*4 ,! =m]1 by itself1 w subdue a _s :i* ! ?ree latt] comb9$ w only r\se to indomitable /ubbornness4 ,on ! :ole1 we reg>d ?is docum5t z decid$ly confirmatory ( ! views :i* h be5 uni=mly advocat$ by ! ,philadelphia ,society = ! ,alleviation ( ! ,mis]ies ( ,public ,prisons1 & 9 ! pages ( ?is ,j\rnal4 ,x conta9s n a /atem5t nor a tittle ( evid5ce t impairs 9 ! slighte/ degree our confid5ce 9 ! safety1 efficacy & humanity ( convict-sep>ation4 ,t x has be51 & may be abus$ or ill-adm9i/]$1 & t x requires judgm5t & discrim9ation to adapt its provisions to ! v>i\s classes ( p]sons :o are subject$ to x1 is n m true ( ?is ?an x is ( ! greg>i\s or any o!r sy/em4 ,! only sub/antial fault t we h ev] kn[n to be f\nd ) x1 is t x co/s m ?an association1 & ! only answ] to be made to ?is is1 t 7admitt+ ! /atem5t to be true7 x is wor? z mu* m z x co/s4 ,,art4 ,,iii4--,,s\rces ,,& ,,*ecks ,,( ,,juv5ile ,,del9qu5cy4 ,:5 ! f>m] f9ds 8 fruit trees expos$ to ! ravages ( ! cat]pill>1 he makes b sl[ & unsatisfactory "w1 if he takes ! worms "o by "o z !y are fea/+ on ! leaf1 or crawl+ along ! /em1 or dangl+ 9 ! air4 ,!re is a p]iod ( ! day1 h[ev]1 :5 !y are all 9 _! ne/1 & if he c apply a tor* to _! curi\s fabric & consume x1 or riddle x ) %ot1 or w9d x & its wriggl+ population ^u a bru% or broom well besme>$ ) pit* or t>1 to be =?) put into ! fire or "u ! foot1 ! "w is ?or\gh & ! tree safe4 ,n inaptly does ?is illu/rate1 or s]ve to po9t out ! true process = ! dim9ution ( crime4 ,! arre/1 conviction & puni%m5t ( "h & !re a rogue1 is sc>cely felt4 ,x is b a unit subtract$ f ! appall+ aggregate ( crime4 ,if we w\ld h ! ratio ( our crim9al population palpably & p]man5tly less5$1 we mu/ lay hold ( ! "y ones 9 ! ne/1 & :atev] ! tr\ble or co/1 we may re/ assur$ x is by all odds ! *eape/ & only effectual way ( deal+ ) ! pe/4 ,among ! prom95t causes (1 or excitem5ts to a crim9al life :i* are op]ative ^u *ildhood1 especially 9 cities & popul\s t[ns1 h be5 reckon$ #a1 & *iefly drunk5ness4 #b4 ,! abs5ce ( education & indu/rial tra9+4 #c4 ,! inadequacy ( home-accommodation to secure ! ord9>y dec5cies ( life4 #d4 ,! demoraliz+ influ5ces ( *eap !atres1 & o!r l[ places ( amusem5t1 association ) fire companies1 & ! lib]ty to dispose ( ! :ole or a consid]able portion ( _! own e>n+s4 #e4 ,! example1 in/ruction or ord]s ( p>5ts con/ra9+ !m to vici\s acts1 & #f1 ! connivance or co-op]ation ( receiv]s ( /ol5 goods to prompt !m4 ,we might indef9itely enl>ge ?is catalogue1 b ^! causes are adequate to acc\nt = ! great] "p ( juv5ile crime4 ,! read]s ( our ,j\rnal _c fail to be aw>e ( ! unusual int]e/ :i* has rec5tly be5 awak5$ on ?is subject4 ,our pres5t numb] conta9s sundry evid5ces ( x1 & by ref]r+ to ! cov]1 a notice w be f\nd1 ! design ( :i* is to provoke inquiry & discussion1 ) a view to re=matory measures4 ,z human nature is sub/antially ! same all ! _w ov]1 & z l causes produce l effects1 we h transf]r$ to our pages sev]al int]e/+ & important passages f ! la/ report ( ! inspector g5]al ( ,engli% prisons1 be>+ p>ticul>ly on ?is subject4 ,9 respect to ! fir/ cause ( juv5ile depravity1 :i* we j comm5t$ on1 drunk5ness-- ,/ati/ical returns %[ t ! am\nt ( money exp5d$ 9 intoxicat+ dr9ks ( "o k9d or ano!r 9 ,great ,brita91 is betwe5 fifty & sixty millions ( p\nds /]l+ p] annum1--a sum fully equal to ! :ole national rev5ue4 ,n[ su* an enorm\s exp5diture on any "o object mu/ produce a noticeable effect ^u our social condition4 ,7 su* a sum annually exp5d$ on ! reclaim+ ( wa/e l& & ! improvem5t ( :at is b p>tially cultivat$1 & ! erection ( com=table dwell+s1 9 a few ye>s our :ole isl& w\ld be a g>d5 ( beauty & f]tility4 ,b :at are ! results produc$8 ,! physicians ( our lunatic asylums tell u t intemp]ance is ! cause ( a l>ge proportion ( ! cases ( insanity4 ,! m$ical (fic]s ( our infirm>ies & disp5s>ies tell u t _m diseases are caus$1 & m are made fatal1 by habits ( intemp]ance4 ,! ma/]s ( our poor h\ses tell u t !y c trace ! paup]ism ( mo/ ( _! inmates to _! own intemp]ance1 or to t ( _! p>5ts4 ,! gov]nors & *apla9s ( our prisons tell u t mo/ ( ! crime 9 our gaols is directly or indirectly caus$ by /rong dr9k4 ,if ! (f5ces to :i* habitual dr9k+ has ultimately l$ c\ld be asc]ta9$1 ,i believe we %\ld f9d t f\r-fif?s ( ! record$ (f5ces h sprung f x4 ,al?\gh ! rem$y = ?is enorm\s evil is ju/ly reg>d$ z ly+ to a consid]able degree 9 ! h&s ( educators1 x is ma9ta9$ t mu* may be done to abate ! evil by r$uc+ ! numb] ( lic5s$ public h\ses bo? 9 t[n & c\ntry1 & by greatly rais+ ! exp5se ( /rong dr9k4 ,z an evid5ce ( ! effects ( *eap5+ /rong dr9k1 x is /at$ t 9 #ahbe1 ! duty on :iskey 0 greatly r$uc$ 9 ,scotl&1 & t z a consequ5ce1 intemp]ance began to increase1 s t 9 ! tw5ty-sev5 ye>s :i* h s9ce elaps$1 ! consumption has become ne>ly five-fold great]2 crime1 disease1 & dea? h increas$ 9 simil> proportion2 & ! sob]1 religi\s ,scotl& ( o!r days is n[ prov$1 by its consumption ( spirits1 to be1 )\t exception1 ! mo/ drunk5 nation 9 ,europe4 ,z to ! connection betwe5 intemp]ance & ! o!r causes ( juv5ile depravity1 ! records ( ! prison-h\se1 if fully analyz$1 w\ld %[ t ! fir/ p5ny or ! fir/ p\nd tak5 by a son f 8 p>5ts1 or ab/ract$ by ! "y man f 8 ma/]'s desk1 is = ! !atre1 n = ! public-h\se4 ,b y\?1 be+ corrupt$ by ! pleasures ( s91 drunk5ness foll[s1 & becomes ! associate or ! sub/itute ( lic5ti\sness1 & completes ! ru94 ,money becomes indisp5sable1 & x is gott5 by "s desp]ate & wick$ means1 at ! possibility ( :i* a few mon?s be=e1 ! m9d w\ld h recoil$ ) indignation1 l t ( ,hazael1 :5 reproa*$ by ! prophet3 ',is ?y s]vant a dog1 t he %\ld d ?is great ?+8' ,9 ! great majority ( in/ances1 x is believ$1 ! only means by :i* ! re=mation ( su* c be rationally expect$ is by _! ?or\gh & p]man5t sev]ance f ^? sc5es & associations 9 :i* _! evil habits 7 =m$4 ,al?\gh suff]+ f hung] & mis]y1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t ! lives l$ by ^! del9qu5t *ildr5 are void ( pleasurable s5sations2 ! v alt]nation f "o extreme to ano!r keeps ! m9d 9 a /ate ( fev]i% excitem5t2 ! want ( a p5ny to buy food on "o day1 is m ?an comp5sat$ by ! reckless pr(usion ( ! next2 & ! despond5cy creat$ by privation & long suff]+ is spe$ily supplant$ by exultation on ! success ( "s crim9al feat ( d>+ & dext]ity4 ,none w d5y ano!r position ( ! report1 viz43 ,t x is impossible = *ildr5 to be br\ght up z ,*ri/ian *ildr5 ought to be1 :5 huddl$ toge!r1 male & female1 old & "y1 l pigs 9 a /ye2 & yet ?is revolt+ expression is n too /rong to designate ! dwell+s ( t5s ( ?\s&s 9 our l&4 ,h[ _m ( our hone/ indu/ri\s artisans h only "o ap>tm5t1 or1 at mo/1 a room & a closet = fa!r & "m1 & gr[n up sons & daught]s6 ,! physical condition ( ! poor _c be view$ z sep>at$ f ! moral4 ,! want ( a prop] dwell+ place = ! work+ man is "o ( 8 greate/ trials1 & is z injuri\s to 8 spiritual z to 8 bodily heal?4 ,! cr[d+ toge!r ( a :ole family 9 "o room weak5s dome/ic virtue1 de/roys all self-respect1 mode/y1 & delicacy ( feel+1 & utt]ly removes all opportunities = self-improvem5t4 ,a home :i* is mis]able f physical or moral causes is ! half-way h\se to ! g9-palace or be]-%op4 ,! inquiry might be opportunely rais$1 :e!r ! habits ( life :i* con/itute su* a social /ate z is "h describ$1 are n =m$ long be=e ! /ate itself is ent]$4 ,a girl or boy accu/om$ to /reet-associations ei!r 9 ! pursuit ( "s trad+ employm5t1 z sell+ pap]s1 mat*es1 c41 c41 or f m]e neglect & idl5ess1 w soon fall into habits :i* no degree ( loa?some infamy or social degradation w %ock4 ,! orig9 ( ! evil1 9 su* cases1 lies f> back ( its pres5t /age & locality4 ,x dates f ! *ildhood ( ^? :o n[ act z ! head ( ?is fil?y & brutaliz$ little community4 ,( ! p5ny !atres1 x is truly rem>k$1 t !y pres5t almo/ irresi/ible attractions2 & ! annals ( juv5ile del9qu5ts are full ( cases ( petty !fts committ$ 9 ord] to procure ! p5ny or twop5ce requir$ = admission4 ,ev5 if ! price ( admission be hone/ly obta9$1 z "o ( ! reports says1 ! sc5es to :i* ! y\?ful spectator is !re introduc$ are und]/ood to be ( ! mo/ flagiti\s & deprav+ nature1 calculat$ only to inflame ! passions1 & dead5 e virtu\s feel+4 ,s++-rooms & danc+-rooms1 too1 are repres5t$ z tra9+ up boys & girls to famili>ity ) vice 9 e %ape4 ,a magi/rate s5t two ( 8 (fic]s to visit "o ( !m4 ,_! report describes sev5 hundr$ boys & girls collect$ toge!r to h _! bodies poison$ ) smoke & dr9k1 & _! m9ds ) ribaldry & obsc5ity6 ,c any "o h a d\bt t ! evil wr\ght 9 su* a s++-room 9 a s+le night1 outweighs all ! good t c be effect$ by a doz5 ,sunday-s*ools 9 a :ole ye>8 ,& f9ally ! "p play$ by ! receiv]s ( /ol5 goods is describ$ z a pr(ession4 ,s mu* = causes1 & n[ z to rem$ies4 ,^! are emphatically prev5tive 9 _! nature1 ly+ at ! v f\ndation ( our social arrangem5ts1 & until v rec5tly1 :olly disreg>d$ & unc>$ =1 viz41 'organiz$ & adequate means = ,,education & ,,indu/rial ,,tra9+4' ,x is rem>kable h[ _m ( ! prom95t features ( "s ( our mod]n s*emes ( juv5ile re=m "h1 h be5 long ago pres5t$ to ! public eye4 ,m ?an half a c5tury ago1 7#agif7 ! r5[n$ ,e>l ( ,*a?am introduc$ to ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t a bill1 :i* _h = its object ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool = "w 9 e p>i% or incorporat$ di/rict1 = ! purpose ( in/ruct+ ! *ildr5 9 diff]5t trades & manufactures4 ,! p>i%es 7 to be at lib]ty to ma9ta9 _! poor *ildr5 9 ! work+ s*ools1 or to lodge !m !re or keep !m only dur+ ! h\rs ( labor1 & !n fe$ !m !re or give !m "w to d at home4 ,! ov]se]s 7 to be *>g$ ) ! direction ( ^! s*ools1 & 7 requir$ to supply !m ) mat]ials & ut5sils1 c4 ,p>5ts burd5$ ) infant *ildr51 & 9 ! receipt ( out-door relief1 7 requir$ to s5d _! *ildr5 to ! work+ s*ool z soon z !y 7 five ye>s old1 to be in/ruct$ & ma9ta9$ !re4 ,x 0 provid$ t ^? fa!rs :o might pref] to keep _! *ildr5 at home1 %\ld br+ !m up & employ !m1 receiv+ "s direction & assi/ance f ! local au?orities until ! *ildr5 7 9 a condition to ga9 _! livelihood4 ,^u leav+ ! work+ s*ool1 ^? *ildr5 :o c\ld n return to _! families 7 to h be5 appr5tic$ at ! exp5se ( ! p>i%es1 or provid$ ) "s means ( s]vice4 ,x has long be5 our conviction1 z ! volumes ( ?is ,j\rnal w %[1 t no v radical re=m ( ! vici\s *ildr5 & y\? ( ! l& w be accompli%$1 s long z ! gov]nm5t is s reluctant to en=ce p>5tal obligations1 or to take ^u itself all due att5tion to su* obligations 9 ^? po9ts :]e ! welf>e & safety ( society are put 9 jeop>dy by ! disreg>d ( !m4 ,?\gh our in/itutions are bas$ on a pr9ciple ( ! utmo/ lib]ty1 !y are1 = t v reason1 peculi>ly dep5d5t on ! prop] education & tra9+ ( *ildr5 = _! pres]vation4 ,no c\ntry on ! face ( ! globe has s mu* /ak$ on ! intellig5ce1 indu/ry & virtue ( ea* succe$+ g5]ation z ours4 ,we are fully satisfi$ t ! timidity :i* our gov]nm5t manife/s 9 lay+ fa/ & e>ne/ hold ( ?is great evil1 ,,p>5tal ,,neglect1 exposes u to ! loss ( all t is wor? pres]v+4 ,society has surely ! "r to gu>d itself aga9/ ! evil practices ( ^? neglect$ *ildr52 &1 hav+ ! "r1 x ought also to h ! p[]2 b if su* p[] exi/1 x seems v difficult to tell 9 ^: h&s x is ve/$4 ,! *ild convict$ ( !ft is :ipp$ or imprison$1 b if he /ole to appease ! crav+s ( hung] :i* 8 wor?less p>5t fail$ to satisfy1 x is cle> t *a/isem5t has n fall5 ^u ! prop] p>ty1 & t ! really guilty has pr(it$ by ! vices prompt$ by 8 culpable neglect1 :ile ! :ole co/ has be5 defray$ by ! public4 ,p[] mu/ be giv51 says our report1 to s5d to s*ool all neglect$ *ildr5--all f\nd loit]+ 9 /reets & lanes--^: p>5ts take no *>ge ( !m1 b leave !m to gr[ up z !y may1 untutor$ & untaught1 save 9 ! practice ( crime4 ,if ! p>5ts neglect to p]=m _! b\nd5 duty1 !n ! ,/ate may prop]ly /ep 91 loco p>5tis1 & d ! ne$ful "w2 & surely ?is is no unju/ifiable int]f]5ce ) ! p>5tal au?ority--x is only say+ to ! p>5t1 'if y w n dis*>ge ! duty y owe to y\r *ild1 bo? 9 ! sight ( ,god & ( man1 we1 ! public1 w d x = y2 we w n suff] y\r *ild to gr[ up a torm5t to himself & to all ar\nd him2 we w\ld mu* r y did y\r duty y\rself1 b if y w n1 !n we mu/4' ,by law1 ! burd5 ( unc>$-= paup] *ildr5 falls at pres5t on ! workh\se1 b ! poor-law au?orities are n entitl$ to exp5d _! money1 unless "u _! own imm$iate control2 & p[] mu/ be giv5 to !m to d s1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( indu/rial s*ool manag]s4 ,?is w be z advantage\s z x is economical4 ,bett] = ! public1 :o mu/ ev5tually pay 9 "o =m or o!r1 to ma9ta9 ! *ild 9 an indu/rial s*ool at #dl4 a ye>1 ?an 9 a poor h\se at #ajl4 or #abl41 especially z ! small] exp5diture gives e prospect ( mak+ him a useful memb] ( ! community1 & ! l>g] gives little hope ( ev] rais+ him above ! paup] class4 ,a good education1 says "o ( ! inspectors ( ! ,engli% ,national ,s*ools1 s infallibly dispaup]ises1 & raises its recipi5t above ! necessity ( ev] aga9 apply+ = relief1 t except "u gross mismanagem5t ( ! gu>dians 9 o!r po9ts1 we may be tol]ably c]ta9 t vici\s habits1 easily eradicable by s\nd e>ly tra9+1 h br\ght ! great majority ( ^? :o burd5 ! p>o*ial rates to _! /ate ( dep5d5ce4 ,c\ld ?is tru? be m univ]sally impress$ on ! manag]s ( ! poor1 ! difficulties 9 ! way ( =m+ indu/rial s*ools w\ld vani%6 ,x 0 said by ! late /ip5di>y magi/rate at ,liv]pool1 t he _h asc]ta9$ t t5 su* *ildr51 "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age _h co/1 9 appreh5sion & imprisonm5t1 upw>ds ( six hundr$ p\nds2 &1 ) s little effect1 t all ( !m 7 !n 9 prison1 & "o1 only ab\t t5 ye>s ( age1 lay "u s5t5ce ( transportation = sev5 ye>s4 ,! rem$y = ^! enorm\s evils appe>s simple & obvi\s4 ,let ! committee or ! magi/rate be emp[]$ to s5d all su* m5dicant *ildr5 to ! s*ools ( indu/ry at ! exp5se ( ! p>5t or ! p>i%1 & let ! wor?less p>5t be puni%$ if he neglects ! sacr$ duty ( ma9ta9+ 8 *ild1 :i* at pres5t he is all[$ to d ) impunity4 ,we ?9k ! fri5ds ( our ,h\ses ( ,refuge c\ld sc>cely ask a m s5sible & cog5t argum5t 9 support ( su* e/abli%m5ts1 ?an is furni%$ 9 ^! brief extracts2 & yet cog5t & s5sible z x may be1 x fails to conv9ce ga9say]s1 or at lea/1 to con/ra9 !m to prompt & lib]al action4 ,)9 a twelvemon? a project = su* an e/abli%m5t 0 lo/ 9 a neighbor+ ,/ate1 7z x 0 alleg$17 9 "s political :irlpool2 & ! public pr9ts tell u1 t a l :olesome measure 0 lately defeat$ 9 ,/4 ,l\is by ! jeal\sy or arrogance ( a religi\s p>ty4 ,we d n v\* = ! tru? ( ei!r ( ^! /atem5ts1 b we haz>d no?+ 9 say+1 t ! problem1 h[ to re/ra9 & suppress crime1 w nev] be solv$1 till politicians & religioni/s lose _! selfi%ness & _! bigotry 9 an e>ne/ & effici5t ef=t to provide = vici\s & neglect$ *ildr54 ,! foll[+ good old ,saxon pr9ciple is adv]t$ to 9 a report on ,p>o*ial ,union ,s*ools = #ahea4 ,gu>dians are n always s op5 to consid]ations ( ultimate z ( imm$iate economy2 & _m a paup] :o n[1 be=e 8 dea?1 co/s 8 p>i% "o or two hundr$ p\nds1 might h liv$ )\t relief1 _h a diff]5t education1 repres5t$ p]haps by ! additional exp5se ( a s+le p\nd1 be5 be/[$ ^u him 9 8 y\?6 ,?is is /rictly retributive ju/ice2 & ,i ?9k x w\ld be good policy to increase its effect1 & x w\ld give a prodigi\s /imulus to ! diffusion ( education1 if ! exp5se ( e crim9al1 :ile 9 prison1 7 reimburs$ to ! c\ntry by ! p>i% 9 :i* he _h a settlem5t4 ,:at a /ir w\ld be creat$ 9 any p>i% by ! receipt ( a dem& f ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ! ,home ,dep>tm5t = #hjl4 = ! support ( two crim9als dur+ ! pa/ ye>6 ,i _c b ?9k t ! locality :]e !y _h be5 br\ght up w\ld be imm$iately inve/igat$1 p]haps "s wret*$ hovels1 be=e unreg>d$1 made kn[n1 & means tak5 to educate & civilize families t _h br\ght su* griev\s taxation on ! p>i%4 ,! exp5se ( keep+ crim9als1 z ( paup]s1 mu/ be borne some:]e2 & x seems m j t x %\ld fall on ^? p>i%es ^: neglect has probably caus$ ! crime ?an on ! g5]al purse4 ,we w\ld gladly pursue ! discussion ( ^! int]e/+ topics did our limits all[1 b we h indicat$ "o important1 & z x seems to u indisp5sable prelim9>y inquiry1 viz43 ,c we effectually c>ry out any g5]al s*eme ( re=m1 except we )draw neglect$ & vici\s *ildr5 f ! associations & habits ( _! mis]able & degrad$ homes1 & put !m ^u a c\rse ( involunt>y moral & indu/rial tra9+1 be=e !y become :at are te*nically call$ juv5ile del9qu5ts8 ,is n a compulsory process 7mu* e>li] 9 its application ?an ! discipl9e ( a ,h\se ( ,refuge7 ess5tial to ! accompli%m5t ( any g5]al or compreh5sive re=m8 ,w su* a process be au?oriz$ by any popul> legislature 9 our c\ntry8 ,if ! "q implies an answ]1 is ! answ] true8 ,,art4 ,,iv4--,,p5nsylvania ,,p5it5ti>ies4-- ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,annual ,report ( ! ,inspectors ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y ( ,p5nsylvania1 dat$ ,janu>y #a1 #ahec1 pp4 #cf4 ,report ( ! ,inspectors ( ! ,we/]n ,p5it5ti>y ( ,p5nsylvania1 dat$ ,janu>y #aj1 #ahec1 pp4 #bd4 ,^! two docum5ts embrace ! details ( ! convict-discipl9e ( ! ,/ate ( ,p5nsylvania = ! ye> #aheb4 ,x is well kn[n t bo? ! in/itutions are e/abli%$ on "o & ! same pr9ciple1 & are adm9i/]$1 s f> z ! discipl9e is conc]n$1 "u "o & ! same law4 ,x may n be un9t]e/+ to review !m briefly 9 connection4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,e4 ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y4 -------------------------------- ,:ites4 ,blacks4 ------------------------ ,male4,female4,male4,female4,total4 ------------------------------ ,on h& ,janu>y #a1 #aheb1 #caj ,receiv$ dur+ ! ye>1 #aji #d #ab #a #abf ,9 cu/ody at date ( report1 #bai #ab #dh #d #bhc ,dis*'d by exp4 ( s5t5ce1 #ef #e #bh #h #ib by p>don1 #dj #b #b #a #de by dea?1 #b #b ,remov$1 #ab #b #ad ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,w4 ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y4 -------------------------------- ,:ites4 ,blacks4 ------------------------ ,gr& ,male4,female4,male4,female4,total4,tota l4 ------------------------------------ ,on h& ,janu>y #a1 #aheb1 #agd #dhd ,receiv$ dur+ ! ye>1 #hd #a #aj #a #if #bbb ,9 cu/ody at date ( report1 #afe #c #ah #a #aha #dgj ,dis*'d by exp4 ( s5t5ce1 #ef #adh by p>don1 #bd #fi by dea?1 #c #e ,remov$1 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 ! labor ( ! prison]s has ne>ly defray$ ! exp5se ( _! subsi/5ce2 :ile 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 ! labor ( ! convicts has n only e>n$ _! support1 b has paid f\r-fif?s ! sal>ies ( ! (fic]s4 ,! numb] ( commitm5ts to ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y has increas$ s mu*1 z to require ! erection ( a new range ( cells--= want ( :i* 9 ! cr[d$ /ate ( ! prison1 ! requir$ sep>ation has be5 9 "s cases impracticable4 ,b no dep>ture f ! /rict obs]vance ( ! discipl9e has be5 all[$1 except :]e a necessity :i* kn[s no law1 requir$ x4 ,if x %\ld be suppos$ t ! app>5t increase ( crime betok5s ! ineffici5cy ( ! discipl9e1 x w\ld be an unw>rant$ inf]5ce4 ,! increas$ numb] ( convictions might t5d to %[ ! increase ( crime1 or ( sagacity & ?or\ghness 9 detect+ & prosecut+ x2 b !re is ano!r & abundantly adequate cause to acc\nt = ! increase 9 ! pres5t case1 & x is ! "o assign$ by ! inspectors1 viz4--! intemp]ate use ( intoxicat+ dr9ks4 ,( ! n9ety-six receiv$ dur+ ! ye>1 eighty-n9e are reg>d$ z hav+ be5 br\ght to ! felon's home by su* indulg5ce6 ,( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-six receiv$ into ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y dur+ ! ye>1 only ?irty-two are regi/]$ z temp]ate1 leav+ n9ety-f\r on ! li/ ( dr9k]s1 mod]ate or immod]ate4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-six admissions to ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 n9ety-eight 7 nev] appr5tic$ to a trade2 & ( "o hundr$ & eighty-sev5 9 cu/ody at ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y at ! date ( ! report1 =ty-"o 7 nev] b\nd2 & ( ! "o hundr$ & =ty-six t 7 b\nd1 n9ety-sev5 7or two-?irds7 ran away f _! ma/]s6 ,among ! #abf admissions to ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 !re 7 fifty-six diff]5t trades or occupations1 & ( ?irty-eight ( ^! only "o repres5tative4 ,! l>ge/ ( any class 7 labor]s1 #bg2 ! next1 boatm51 #aj2 %oemak]s1 #g2 & /ore-keep]s1 & f>m]s1 & but*]s1 #e ea*4 ,( ! #ahg 9 cu/ody at ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y at date ( report1 #fg 7 labor]s1 #ah %oemak]s1 #ab boatm51 ( f>m]s & blacksmi?s #f ea*1 cooks1 #e4 ,! ,w>d5 ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y gives u1 z ! result ( ano!r ye>'s exp]i5ce1 an increas$ conviction ( ! unabat$ confid5ce & reg>d to :i* ! sy/em ( sep>ate conf9em5t is entitl$2 & ! ,w>d5 ( ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y speaks ( ! success ( ! pa/ ye> z hav+ prov$ ! sep>ate sy/em to be :at its e>lie/ fri5ds desir$4 ,9 ! report ( ! m$ical (fic] ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y we h ! foll[+ te/imony3 ,i ?9k ,i may /ate )\t hesitation1 t !re has nev] be51 dur+ ! hi/ory ( ! in/itution1 s great an exemption f disease = s long a "t1 z dur+ ! p]iod = :i* ,i n[ report4 ,!re are b f\r m5 9 ! ,infirm>y :o are n at "w4 ,x is true1 !re are "s o!rs 9 delicate or infirm heal?1 b ! great] "p ( ^! 7 receiv$ 9 t /ate1 ( :om aga9 ! majority are greatly improv$4 ,& f ! m$ical (fic] ( ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y we h a simil> report ( ! uni=m preval5ce ( good heal?4 ,!re has be5 less indisposition )9 ! prison dur+ ! ye> j t]m9at$1 he says1 ?an dur+ any simil> p]iod ( "t s9ce my pr(essional connection ) ?is in/itution1 & yet ! numb] ( prison]s has nev] be5 s great4 ,z to ! m5tal heal? ( ! convicts 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 ! physician reports x to be no less satisfactory ?an _! physical condition2 & ( ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y ! m$ical report is1 t no case ( insanity has orig9at$ )9 ! prison dur+ ! ye>4 ,( ! s5t5ces ( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-six admitt$1 n9ety-"o 7 = ?ree ye>s or less4 ,& ( n9ety-six receiv$ into ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 sev5ty-five 7 s5t5c$ = ?ree ye>s or less4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-six commitm5ts to ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 n9ety-six 7 = (f5ces aga9/ prop]ty1 only sev5 ( :i* 7 accompani$ ) viol5ce2 tw5ty-five 7 = (f5ces aga9/ ! p]son1 & five = violation ( m>riage laws4 ,:ile ( ! n9ety-six admissions to ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 eighty 7 = (f5ces aga9/ prop]ty ) & )\t viol5ce1 & sixte5 7 = (f5ces aga9/ ! p]son4 ,! g5]al summ>y ( ! two ,in/itutions is z foll[s3 ,ea/4 ,we/4 ,/ate ,p5i4 ,/ate ,p5i4 #bc ye>s4 #bf ye>s4 ,( ! :ole numb] receiv$1 !re 7 dis*'d by expira'n ( s5t5ce1 #bjje #ajfa ,p>don$1 #dbb #cje ,dea?s1 #bcj #ha ,remov$1 #ca #d ,escap$1 #a #aj ,rema9+ ,decemb] #ca1 #bhc #ahg ---- ---- ,total1 #bigb #afdh ,a v slight exam9ation ( ?is /atem5t reveals "s s+ul> diff]5ces1 especially 9 ! items ( p>dons & dea?s1 :i* an analysis ( ! annual returns w\ld d\btless satisfactorily expla94 ,! moral in/ructor 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y adv]ts to ! circum/ance t only n9ete5 ( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-six commitm5ts 7 ov] ?irty-five ye>s ( age1 & t tw5ty-eight 7 "u tw5ty4 ,he v ju/ly reg>ds ! ignorant1 vici\s & deprav$ ,,y\? ( ! l& z ! res]voir ( convicts4 ,! moral in/ructor ( ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y says1 !re is a l>g] proportion ( m]e y\?s 9 ! prison ?an at any =m] "t4 ,m ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( ! prison]s conf9$ )9 ^! walls h confess$ to me t _! e>ly y\? 0 pass$ almo/ entirely )\t moral tea*+s4 ,! records ( our ,c\rts be> ample te/imony to ! fe>ful & di/ress+ increase ( crime among our y\?4 ,!re are 9 ?is prison1 receiv$ )9 ! pa/ ye>1 n9ete5 convicts n ov] tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age6 ,^! consid]ations %[ ! seasonabl5ess & importance ( a proposition f ! ,manag]s ( our ,h\se ( ,refuge1 :i* w be f\nd on our la/ page4 ,a l>ge section ( ! report ( ! inspectors ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y is occupi$ by a discussion ( ! provisions ( ! ,act ( ,assembly ( ,may #d1 #aheb1 & ! proce$+s "u x1 to :i* we %all make m p>ticul> ref]5ce 9 a sep>ate article4 ,,art4 ,v4--,,%\ld ,,convicts ,,be ,,receiv$ ,,into ,,! ,,/ate ,,lunatic ,,hospital ,,at ,,h>risburg8 ,! ,g5]al ,appropriation ,act ( #aheb1 provides #be1jjj to complete ! unf9i%$ range ( cells ( ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 & = ! paym5t ( gratuities to convicts dis*>g$ f ! two p5it5ti>ies1 #adag1 viz43 #ffg to ! ,ea/]n1 & ! rema9d] 7#gej7 to ! ,we/]n4 ,!n foll[s #db4 ,t ! fur!r sum ( t5 ?\s& doll>s be & ! same is h]eby appropriat$ to ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 = ! purpose ( grad+1 curb+ & pav+ ! /reet adjo9+1 pres]v+ ! build+s f decay1 & alt]+ & repair+ a "p ( !m = ! suitable accommodation ( prison]s ^: m5tal or physical condition requires1 9 ! op9ion ( ! inspectors1 a tempor>y relaxation ( ! sep>ate conf9em5t sy/em4 ,provid$1 ,t :5ev] 9 ! op9ion ( ! inspectors ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 any ( ! prison]s !re9 conf9$ %all develope su* m>k$ insanity z to r5d] _! cont9u$ conf9em5t 9 said ,p5it5ti>y improp]1 & _! removal to ! ,/ate ,lunatic ,hospital necess>y to _! re/oration1 x %all be ! duty ( ! said ,inspectors to submit su* cases to a ,bo>d1 compos$ ( ! ,di/rict ,attorney ( ! ,c\nty ( ,philadelphia1 ! pr9cipal physician ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,hospital = ! ,insane at ,philadelphia1 & ! pr9cipal physician ( ! ,fri5ds' ,insane ,asylum at ,frank=d 9 ,philadelphia ,c\nty2 & 9 case a majority ( !m _c1 at any "t :5 requir$1 att5d1 a compet5t physician or physicians1 to be appo9t$ by ! ,c\rt ( ,qu>t] ,sessions ( ! ,c\nty ( ,philadelphia1 9 ! place ( su* z _c att5d1 ^u ^: c]tificate ( insanity1 or ! c]tificate ( any two ( !m transmitt$ to ! ,gov]nor1 & if by him approv$1 he %all direct t said insane prison] %all be by said ,inspectors remov$ to ! ,/ate ,lunatic ,hospital1 !re to be receiv$1 safely kept & prop]ly provid$ =1 at ! co/ & *>ge ( ! c\nty1 f :i* !y 7 s5t to ! ,p5it5ti>y1 & if at any "t dur+ ! p]iod = :i* any su* insane prison]s %all h be5 s5t5c$ to conf9em5t 9 ! ,ea/]n ,p5it5ti>y1 !y %all1 9 ! op9ion ( ! tru/ees ( said ,lunatic ,hospital1 be s f> re/or$ z to r5d] _! return to said ,p5it5ti>y safe & prop]1 !n ! said tru/ees %all cause ! said prison] to be return$ to said ,ea/]n ,p5it5ti>y1 due notice be+ giv5 to ! cl]k ( ! ,c\rt ( ,qu>t] ,sessions ( ! ,c\nty1 f :i* su* prison]s 7 s5t to ! ,p5it5ti>y1 ( all su* removals or transf]s4 ,9 pursuance ( ! au?ority en=c$ by ?is law1 ! commission]s met at ! ,p5it5ti>y on ! #bj? ( ,octob] la/1 & at v>i\s times !reaft]1 & exam9$ eighte5 cases pres5t$ = _! inve/igation--eight ( :om !y reg>d z prop] subjects ( hospital treatm5t2 two1 !y ?9k1 w be z well or bett] (f :]e !y are2 ! s5t5ce ( "o expir$ dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! proce$+s1 & he 0 dis*>g$1 f\r are n suitable inmates ( an ,insane ,hospital1 & ?ree1 :o 7 committ$ = safe keep+1 are reg>d$ on all h&s z unfit to be plac$ 9 any hospital1 or else:]e :]e ! means ( close cu/ody are less effici5t ?an 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! report to ! executive1 ! ,commission]s v prop]ly speak ( x z a grave "q1 h[ f> x is ju/ifiable to m+le convict$ crim9als 7h[ev] afflict$7 among/ ! meane/ :om ! h& ( ,god has visit$ ) m5tal d]angem5t1 or h[ _m insane crim9als c be s5t !re )\t s]i\sly jeop>diz+ ! be/ int]e/s ( t in/itution1 & risk+ ! safety & well be+ ( its inmates4 ,!y add1 t no w>ds c be specially appropriat$ to ! class p>ticul>ly "u notice1 & z a consequ5ce ! insane crim9al mu/ be 9 contact directly ) ! insane innoc5t4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a hospital con/ruct$ ) exclusive ref]5ce to ! cu/ody & treatm5t ( convicts depriv$ ( _! reason1 & consid]+ ! great security af=d$ by ! p5it5ti>y & ! "* ( its arrangem5ts1 ! ,commission]s are ( ! op9ion1 t x w be q possible1 inside its enclosure1 to make ! limit$ numb] ( ?is class n[ conf9$ !re1 m com=table ?an !y c\ld be 9 any ord9>y hospital1 = ! reason1 :]e a j reg>d to ! safety ( o!rs w\ld require a mu* clos] degree ( conf9em5t1 9 :i* op9ion we cordially co9cide4 ,z ?is is ! fir/ proce$+ "u ! provision ( ! law1 x has receiv$ p>ticul> att5tion 9 ! report ( ! ,inspectors1 & may claim a brief notice 9 our pages4 ,& we mu/ 9 ! fir/ place take exception to ! phraseology 9 a clause ( ! ,act ( ,assembly1 :i* is op5 to miscon/ruction4 ,a c]ta9 class ( prison]s is m5tion$1 ^: m5tal & physical condition may require1 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,inspectors1 a tempor>y relaxation ( ! sep>ate conf9em5t sy/em4 ,! fram]s ( ?is p>agraph 7 probably unaw>e t all ! provision :i* any body ev] consid]$ necess>y = ! class ( prison]s allud$ to1 may be enjoy$ )\t any relaxation 7tempor>y or p]man5t7 ( ! sep>ate conf9em5t sy/em4 ,x is ! unbrok5 solitude :i*1 by an exi/+ law1 %\ld be reliev$ two or ?ree times a day1 b 9 "s pa/ p]iods has n be5 reliev$ = days toge!r2 x is ! conf9em5t to an un:olesome or /ultify+ trade2 x is ! brood+ ov] a sev5 or t5 ye>s' s5t5ce1 a ru9$ & helpless family1 & a bla/$ reputation1--^! are ! causes1 & n sep>ation f o!r convicts t ?reat5 to und]m9e ! heal? & d]ange ! reason ( convicts ( a peculi> temp]am5t4 ,n[1 if ! money appropriat$ c\ld be exp5d$ 9 a few extra lodges1 ) ample ex]cis+ y>ds1 & p]haps "o-t5? ( x = an additional att5dant or two1 to h *>ge ( enfeebl$ prison]s 7:e!r !y 7 s :5 admitt$1 or became s z a natural effect ( prison-life7 ?is provision ( ! section w\ld be v reasonable4 ,! sep>ation1 h[ev]1 may safely & %\ld c]ta9ly rema9 intact4 ,b !re is ano!r class ( convicts ^: case is embrac$ by a proviso4 ,x is ^? :o develope su* m>k$ insanity z to r5d] _! cont9uance 9 ! p5it5ti>y improp]1 & _! removal to ! ,/ate hospital necess>y to _! re/oration4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r a convict answ]s to ?is description1 a compet5t ,bo>d is appo9t$ to exam9e & report4 ,n[ we w suppose a case is pres5t$ ( a prison] :o 0 committ$ = safe keep+ m]ely4 ,?is is c]ta9ly n a case )9 ! proviso4 ,no matt] h[ m>k$ ! insanity is1 x 0 develop$ be=e commitm5t1 & 8 cont9u$ conf9em5t is1 !re=e1 9 no s5se improp]4 ,compet5t au?orities dispos$ ( him ) due ref]5ce to all ! circum/ances ( ! case1 & ! ,act ( ! ,legislature is n design$ to di/urb ! acts judici>y4 ,ano!r case is pres5t$ to ! ,bo>d1 & !y are satisfi$ t x is a manife/ developm5t ( insanity1 b t ) prop] m$ical treatm5t1 & su* out-(-door ex]cise z is q compatible ) ! discipl9e ( ! in/itution1 ! p>ty may be re/or$4 ,?is is cle>ly n )9 ! proviso1 = x is only su* cases z make a removal to ! ,/ate ,hospital necess>y to _! re/oration1 t are to be transf]r$4 ,x is evid5t1 !re=e1 t ! m$ical ,bo>d are n to be re/rict$ to ! inquiry1 :e!r !re is or is n a developm5t ( insanity1 b :e!r ! case pres5t$ is "o :i* ! proviso meant to include4 ,! m$ical ,bo>d are presum$ to "k ! provisions ( ! act f :i* !y d]ive _! au?ority1 & !y _c read x )\t p]ceiv+ t !y are to decide n only :e!r a prison] is insane1 b also :e!r 8 insanity is ( su* a type or "* z to r5d] 8 cont9uance 9 ! prison improp]1 & a removal to ! ,/ate hospital indisp5sable to 8 recov]y4 ,n[1 suppose !y are satisfi$ ( ! insanity1 & also t 8 removal to ! ,/ate hospital or else:]e w\ld n be likely to re/ore him4 ,?is is ! v po9t = :i* _! pr(essional k & exp]i5ce is requir$--q z mu* z 7if n m ?an7 to det]m9e ! nak$ "q ( insanity4 ,surely a wise ,legislature c\ld n h meant to ask a m$ical ,bo>d to det]m9e ! "q ( insanity1 & leave x to ! ,inspectors to say :e!r ! insanity might be safely & prop]ly treat$ 9 ! prison1 or :e!r a removal to ! ,/ate ,hospital w\ld be likely to issue 9 re/oration6 ,on ! :ole !re=e x mu/ be obvi\s1 we ?9k1 to any c&id m9d1 t ! ,legislature design$ to give ! ,inspectors ! b5efit ( ! (ficial judgm5t ( a compet5t ,bo>d1 z to ! mann] 9 :i* !y %\ld treat or dispose ( insane convicts4 ,^u ! g5]al "q ( ! removal ( any insane convicts to ! ,/ate ,asylum1 we indicat$ an op9ion 9 our numb] = ,july1 #aheb1 & f>!r inquiry & reflection confirms ! d\bt !n express$1 :e!r a g5]al ,/ate ,lunatic ,hospital %\ld receive convicts ( any class4 ,if an (f5d] has be5 convict$ & s5t5c$ accord+ to law1 he mu/ be reg>d$ & receiv$ into ! cell z a suitable subject ( convict-discipl9e4 ,a process ( law s t]m9at$1 is tantam\nt to incontrov]tible evid5ce1 t ! p>ty is 9 all respects am5able to ! p5al sanctions ( ! law4 ,o!rwise he is n a convict1 b an oppress$ & abus$ suff]]4 ,hav+ ?us be5 committ$1 he mu/ abide ! life ( a convict4 ,if 8 heal? fails1 humane provision %\ld be made = him 9 a prop] ap>tm5t1 call$ an infirm>y or hospital1 ) prop] att5dance1 m$ic9e1 n\ri%m5t1 c41 b :y %\ld he be p>don$1 remov$ or dis*>g$8 ,sickness 9 prison is "o ( ! risks he volunt>ily takes 9 committ+ ! (f5ce4 ,if he breaks a limb or loses an eye1 x is :at happ5s to hone/ m5 z well z convicts1 & he c claim no exemption f su* calamities1 & mu/ be satisfi$ ) prison f>e :5 !y ov]take him z a convict4 ,:y %\ld ! failure or loss ( m5tal s\ndness be a cause ( dis*>g+ a prison]1 any m ?an ! weakness or maim+ ( ! body8 ,:y %\ld n provision be made )9 ! prison-b\nds = ! prop] c>e & treatm5t ( ?is class ( ailm5ts1 z well z any o!r8 ,c]ta9ly n because x is n practicable to d x1 = ! m$ical records %[ t ! recov]ies among convict-lunatics "h & 9 ,engl&1 be> q z high a proportion to ! cases1 z 9 our be/ ,insane ,asylums4 ,if x %\ld be ma9ta9$ t ! prop] room & att5dance _c be obta9$1 ! same reason might be urg$ = dis*>g+ ! sick & lame1 t !re 0 no room = an infirm>y1 nor = surgical op]ations1 nor = nurses1 c4 ,we d n see :at reasonable gr\nd c be urg$ = ! removal ( ! =m]1 :i* might n be q z t5able 9 relation to ! latt]4 ,x seems to u t :5 ! ,commonweal?1 ^: peace & dignity h be5 violat$ by a brea* ( ! law1 seizes on ! (f5d]1 & sep>ates him f hone/ citiz5s1 cle>ly proves 8 guilt1 & commits him = puni%m5t to h>d labor 9 ! p5it5ti>y = a t]m ( mon?s or ye>s1 no?+ %\ld avail to dis*>ge him f t s5t5ce1 except ! discov]y ( "s evid5ce ( its inju/ice4 ,x is assum$1 ( c\rse1 t he has be5 legally & fairly dealt ) 9 ! :ole process ( ! prosecution1 & t ! s5t5ce is z light z ! law or ! circum/ances ( ! case w ju/ify2 & ?is be+ conc$$1 we confid5tly ma9ta9 t ! ,/ate takes him into h] cu/ody z a convict1 & t1 z a convict %e is b\nd to provide = him :atev] he ne$s1 :e!r 9 heal? or sickness1 9 /r5g? or weakness1 9 life or dea?1 until he has accompli%$ 8 full t]m4 ,we v5ture to make ^! sugge/ions ! m pla9ly1 because we p]ceive n a little confusion 9 ! views :i* are ga9+ gr\nd on ! subject4 ,9 ! rec5t report ( ! ,inspectors ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 cases are m5tion$ ( prison]s :o 7 cle>ly insane :5 fir/ s5t5c$ to ! ,p5it5ti>y4 ,h[ ?is fact 0 prov$ 9 any case1 does n appe>4 ,! "q w\ld be reliev$ ( mu* emb>rassm5t if x did4 ,b ! report haz>ds ano!r & mu* grav] rem>k1 viz3 t ! exp]i5ce & obs]vation 7( ! ,inspectors7 h conv9c$ !m t ! commission ( crime is m frequ5tly connect$ ) m5tal disease ?an c\rts or juries suspect4 ,we _h suppos$ t ! dang]1 if any1 0 9 ! opposite direction4 ,x mu/ be v r>e1 we appreh5d1 t ! plea ( insanity is n urg$ :]e !re is ! slighte/ pret5ce to su/a9 x4 ,& c\rts & juries1 9 our c\ntry at lea/1 h be5 reg>d$ z q suffici5tly indulg5t t[>ds x :5ev] x is urg$4 ,x is sc>cely safe1 z x seems to u1 aft] conviction by due c\rse ( law1 to g beh9d ! proce$+s & attempt to av]t _! legitimate consequ5ces by alleg+ ! exi/5ce ( a fact :i* %\ld h /ay$ !m entirely4 ,t prop]ty is tak51 mis*ief committ$1 & viol5t de$s done by p]sons ( insane m9d & ( c\rse irresponsible = _! acts1 we all "k2 b ^! acts are n (f5ces1 nor are ! p]petrators ( !m (f5d]s1 nor c !y1 by any process ( law1 be turn$ into convicts4 ,yet ! "t to %[ ?is 7if x is n pla9ly app>5t7 is :5 !y are arre/$ = su* acts1 & _! /ate ( m9d is reli$ on to exempt !m f any responsibility4 ,if x is n %[n !n1 x is our duty 79 ord9>y circum/ances7 =ev] aft] to hold our peace4 ,x is n our prov9ce to v9dicate ! e/abli%$ tribunals ( ! c\ntry f ! *>ge ( presumption or inhumanity1 :5 !y direct a maniac1 :o1 9 a p>oxysm ( 8 malady1 has tak5 ! life ( 8 wife or 8 fri5d1 to be conf9$ )9 ! cells ( a p5it5ti>y z "o dang]\s to society4 ,b we suppose ! community has a claim to be protect$ aga9/ ! viol5ce ( ! lawless1 :e!r !y are r5d]$ s by ! visitation ( ,god or by ! indulg5ce ( deprav$ & malevol5t passions4 ,t ?is protection c be made sure by exi/+ arrangem5ts 9 our ,/ate ,hospital1 or t adequate provision c be made !re9 )\t injuri\sly affect+ ! int]e/s ( ?ird p>ties1 we are n prep>$ to say4 ,b we are well p]suad$ t prop] provision = all classes ( convicts1 :atev] _! physical or m5tal condition1 c be made 9 ei!r ( our ,/ate ,p5it5ti>ies2 & we %all n cease to consid] ^? in/itutions v imp]fectly con/ruct$ or organiz$1 s long z su* provision is n made )9 _! walls4 ,be=e our read]s pron\nce judgm5t on ^! views1 we tru/ !y w take sob] ?\ght & e/abli%$ facts into _! c\nsels4 ,:ile ^! %eets 7 pass+ ?r\gh ! press1 we 7 favor$ ) ! report ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,lunatic ,asylum at ,utica1 = ! curr5t ye>1 9 :i* ! mo/ emphatic remon/rance is made to s5d+ ?i!r p]sons acquitt$ ( crime1 on ! gr\nd ( insanity1 or convicts :o become insane4 ,! reasons are pla9ly /at$3 ,^! un=tunate p]sons are dis*>g$ f puni%m5t & committ$ to ! asylum4 ,! build+s n hav+ be5 design$ = ! cu/ody ( ?is class ( ! insane1 !y cause mu* extra exp5se1 wat*fulness & c>e2 & z exp]i5ce %[s1 ) b little prospect ( b5efit4 ,! numb] is con/antly increas+ & encroa*+ ^u space :i* might be m usefully devot$ to pati5ts :o are likely to be improv$1 & = :om ! in/itution 0 orig9ally design$4 ,_m ( ! class ref]r$ to are ( ! mo/ deprav$ "*1 & q unfit associates = ! o!r inmates1 :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 are p]sons ( wor? & respectability1 & entitl$ to be protect$ aga9/ dang]\s associations4 ,! mis*iefs :i* are s cle>ly expos$ by ! ,manag]s1 are /ill f>!r exhibit$ 9 ! report ( ! pr9cipal physician1 :o reg>ds convict-lunatics z requir+ m secure fixtures & /rict] surveillance ?an ord9>y pati5ts1 & = ^! & ! wor/ class ( drunk>ds1 he recomm5ds ! erection ( a hospital = two hundr$ & fifty pati5ts ( ! male sex only1 to be c>efully con/ruct$1 & fitt$ = ! ultimate occupancy ( lunatic crim9als only2 b to be us$1 until ne$$ exclusively = ?is purpose1 by crim9al & homicidal lunatics & drunk>ds4 ,we ?9k ^! views & sugge/ions mu/ comm5d !mselves to all reflect+ m9ds1 & we hope to see !m c>ri$ out4 ,we (f] no apology = occupy+ s mu* ( our limit$ space ) ?is subject1 inasmu* z ! int]e/s ( philan?ropy are involv$ 9 protect+ our ,/ate ,lunatic ,hospitals f be+ prejudic$ by ! introduction ( pati5ts :o d n prop]ly fall "u _! c>e1 & ! int]e/s ( prison discipl9e require t ! convict %\ld n be releas$ f any measure ( retribution = 8 (f5ce1 :i* a lawful s5t5ce imposes4 ,,art4 ,,vi4--,,report ,,( ,,! ,,condition ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,j]sey ,,/ate ,,prison4--,embrac+ ! reports ( ! ,jo9t ,committee1 ,inspectors1 ,keep]1 ,moral ,in/ructor & ,physician4 ,janu>y #ai1 #ahec4 pp4 #dh4 ,we h be5 favor$ ) ! report ( ?is in/itution = ! ye> #aheb-c4 ,!re 7 9 conf9em5t1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye>1 two hundr$ & sev54 ,receiv$ dur+ ! ye> "o hundr$ & tw5ty-"o1 & 9 cu/ody 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e diff]5t individuals4 ,( ^!1 sixty-eight 7 dis*>g$ by expiration ( s5t5ce1 & ne>ly ! same numb] 7viz4 #fc7 by p>don6 ,"o dea? occurr$1 leav+ "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 prison]s on h& at ! close ( ! ye>4 ,! av]age mon?ly population ( ! prison 0 two hundr$ & t51 :i* is a l>ge increase on ! previ\s ye>4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 on h&1 sev5ty-two are 9 on a s5t5ce ( five ye>s or upw>ds2 ?irty-f\r = ?ree ye>s & upw>ds1 =ty-eight = betwe5 "o & ?ree ye>s1 & =ty-?ree = "o ye> or less4 ,( ! :ole numb] ?irty-eight 7 "u tw5ty2 eighty-"o betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty1 & =ty-n9e betwe5 ?irty & =ty2 %[+ t "o hundr$ & sixty-eight out ( ! "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev51 or ,,f\r-,,fif?s1 7 "u middle life4 ,! (f5ces are divid$ ab\t equally betwe5 ^? aga9/ prop]ty & ^? aga9/ ! p]son4 ,( ! latt] ! extraord9>y numb] ( f\rte5 are = rape1 & five = an assault ) int5t to commit t crime1 & f\rte5 7 c\nt]feit]s4 ,eighty-n9e1 or ne>ly half ! convicts1 are natives ( ,new ,j]sey2 sixty-?ree are ( =eign bir?4 ,only eight females are 9 ! prison1 f\r :ite & f\r color$2 & ( ! "o hundr$ & eighty-n9e males1 =ty-n9e are color$4 ,x is wor?y ( obs]vation1 t ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-two commitm5ts la/ ye>1 sixty1 or ab\t "o half1 _h no trade6 ,9 respect to ! physical heal? ( ! convicts1 we are in=m$ t only "o dea? occurr$ dur+ ! ye>1 & ?is 0 by suicide4 ,x 0 a "y ,g]man1 :o _h be5 9 prison only five days1 & ^: s5t5ce 0 only six mon?s4 ,we d n le>n t any "o at ,tr5ton ascribes ?is melan*oly ev5t to ! effect ( convict-sep>ation1 b x w\ld be 9 keep+ ) ! _s :i* has sometimes manife/$ itself 9 discussions ( ?is subject1 to set x d[n z "o ( ! fruits ( ! sep>ate sy/em6 ,! ,/ate ,prison ( ,new ,j]sey is e/abli%$ on ! pr9ciple ( individual sep>ation4 ,! law provides1 t e convict %all be conf9$ 9 "o ( ! cells ( ! prison1 sep>ate & alone1 except 9 su* cases ( sickness z are by ! act provid$ =4 ,t is1 if ! physician reports to ! keep] t a prison] requires a nurse1 ! keep]1 ) ! approbation ( ! act+ ,inspectors1 may employ "o ( ! prison]s2 & :5ev]1 9 ! op9ion ( ! physician1 ! enl>gem5t ( any prison] %all be absolutely necess>y to ! pres]vation ( life1 he may be remov$ f 8 cell1 b ! prison] %all 9 e su* case be kept f ! society ( o!r prison]s1 except su* z may att5d z nurses4 ,no language c\ld m cle>ly express ! w ( ! ,legislature t convict-sep>ation %\ld be ! basis ( ! discipl9e4 ,9 addition to ^! positive requirem5ts1 ! ,inspectors are to embrace1 9 _! annual report to ! ,legislature1 su* rem>ks & /atem5ts respect+ ! sy/em ( sep>ate conf9em5t & ! effici5cy ( ! same1 z %all be ! result ( _! own obs]vation4 ,! same act au?orizes !m to make rules & regulations = ! prison z !y may deem necess>y & prop]1 consi/5t ) ! pr9ciple ( sep>ate conf9em5t & ! laws ( ! ,/ate4 ,n[ we might naturally suppose t a body ( law-mak]s1 receiv+ su* a report ( ! condition ( a body ( convict$ law-break]s1 f ^? :o are appo9t$ to take c>e ( !m1 w\ld be sl[ to c\nt5ance any direct & palpable brea* ( ! law by !mselves2 & yet x mu/ h be5 kn[n to ! ,legislature ( ,new ,j]sey t ! provisions ( ! law e/abli%+ ! ,/ate prison1 are r5d]$ entirely nugatory by _! neglect to provide means = execut+ !m4 ,!y are suppos$ to "k t ! prison conta9s b "o hundr$ & n9ety-two cells1 & t t5 ( ^! are occupi$ = work%ops & /ore-rooms4 ,a brisk walk ( five m9utes w\ld supply ! honorable ! ,legislature ) demon/rative evid5ce t "o hundr$ & eighty-two cells w\ld n suffice = ! sep>ate conf9em5t ( two hundr$ & ?irty-two prison]s1 & h5ce !y w\ld see fifty cells 7#g-a_/b by #af feet7 occupi$ by two t5ants ea*1 aga9/ ! peace & dignity ( ! ,commonweal? 7:i* has =bidd5 su* association7 & ( c\rse aga9/ ! =m ( ! /atute 9 su* case made & provid$4 ,9 su* an em]g5cy1 we might fur!r suppose t measures w\ld be adopt$ at once to enl>ge ! accommodations & to obviate ! alleg$ necessity = ?us op5ly violat+ ! law1 z e>ly z possible4 ,) ?is impression1 we are surpris$ t ! ,executive ( ! ,/ate1 ^: p>ticul> function x is to see t ! laws are duly execut$1 does n urge prompt action 9 ! premises4 ,s f> f any intimation ( ?is sort1 he speaks ( ! adm9i/ration & managem5t ( ! prison ?r\gh\t1 z em95tly successful & comm5dable2 ( ! keep] & (fic]s z hav+ su/a9$ _! reputation = ability & effici5cy--( five ?\s& doll>s ( surplus e>n+s z hav+ be5 paid into ! ,/ate treasury dur+ ! ye>--& ( ab\t two ?\s& doll>s paid to dis*>g$ convicts = ov]work1 all :i* he ?9ks exhibits unexampl$ prosp]ity 9 ! affairs ( ! prison4 ,he ev5 goes s f> z to say1 t ! discipl9e has be5 well ma9ta9$1 add+ 7r p>adoxically we ?9k17 t ! l>ge numb] ( prison]s r5d]s x impracticable to obs]ve ! law 9 relation to solit>y 7sep>ate7 conf9em5t1 & ! necessity ( association impairs to "s ext5t ! corrective regulations ( ! in/itution4 ,we humbly submit t x is n ! necessity ( association1 b ! association itself t does ! mis*ief1 & f>!r t ,j]seym5 w\ld bett] und]/& ! case if x 7 said 9 pla9 ,engli%1 t until cells en\gh are built to give ea* convict a cell by himself1 ! occupants w be m likely to become worse ?an bett]1 at ! exp5se ( ! ,/ate1 & 9 delib]ate violation ( its positive laws4 ,?is view ( ! case becomes q impos+1 :5 x is consid]$ t ( ! "o hundr$ & n9ety-sev5 convicts1 "o hundr$ & sixty-eight are1 or ab\t f\r-fif?s1 are 9 on a fir/ conviction4 ,( c\rse1 e precaution is ess5tial to give ! discipl9e ( ! prison its mo/ b5ign & effici5t influ5ce4 ,x is pass+ /range t an enlight5$ ,/ate %\ld pocket five ?\s& doll>s ( ! surplus e>n+s ( h] convict-population1 :ile ! accommodations = accompli%+ ! only legitimate objects ( ! prison are s n>r[ z to require a con/ant violation ( ! law1 & a con/ant defeat ( its :olesome ends4 ,x may be1 h[ev]1 t to violate laws has become ! rule1 & to obey !m ! exception4 ,z an illu/ration1 x may suffice to say1 9 respect to ?is same ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,prison1 t ! use ( tobacco 9 any =m is p]emptorily =bidd5 by law2 yet we are in=m$1 on indisputable au?ority1 t ! prison]s bo? *ew & smoke1 & t "s ( !m h tak5 _! fir/ lessons 9 ^! arts aft] _! admission to ! prison6 ,we h made ^! sugge/ions ) mu* fre$om1 & we hope )\t (f5ce4 ,we h he>ty1 intellig5t co-adjutors 9 ,j]sey1 :o are aim+ ) u to e/abli% ! convict-discipl9e ( ! c\ntry on a truly humane1 effici5t1 philosophical & ,*ri/ian basis4 ,to ?is end1 we ma9ta9 t e prison or place ( conf9em5t = p]sons *>g$ ) or convict$ ( crime1 %\ld furni% a suitable ap>tm5t = ea* individual1 sep>ate f e o!r individual suspect$ or convict$ ( crime4 ,we h (t5 cit$ ! ,/ate prison at ,tr5ton z "o ( ?is class1 & h uni=mly esp\s$ ! views ( ! ,inspectors & pr9cipal (fic]s1 at times :5 !y 7 oppos$ by crot*ety speculators )9 or )\t ! prison2 & we %all be greatly disappo9t$1 if means are n promptly us$ to con=m ! discipl9e to ! provisions ( law4 ,,art4 ,,vii4--,,an ,,extraord9>y ,,docum5t4 ,we h be=e u a /it*$ pamphlet1 entitl$ ,report on ! ,subject ( ,prisons1 by ,rev4 ,alex&] ,l4 ,hamilton1 ,/ate ,commission]1 to ,hon4 ,au/9 ,k+1 ,gov]nor ( ,miss\ri--,ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,p5it5ti>y1 & ?ree ?\s& copies ord]$ to be pr9t$1 ,janu>y #e1 #ahec1 pp4 #bd4 ,! au?or ( ?is report is1 we d\bt n1 a v wor?y & intellig5t g5tleman1 or he w\ld n h be5 appo9t$ by ! ,executive ( ,miss\ri on s important an ag5cy4 ,t he has fulfill$ 8 mission to ! be/ ( 8 ability1 we may also admit2 b t 8 report conta9s su* in=mation z is necess>y to pres5t ! subject ( ,prison ,discipl9e fully to ! consid]ation ( ! next g5]al assembly ( ,miss\ri1 we _c believe4 ,inde$ we d n hesitate to say t x is entirely defici5t 9 e po9t t a report on su* a subject1 = su* a purpose1 %\ld embrace4 ,/atem5ts are made1 :i* h be5 disprov$ ov] & ov] aga91 until ! repetition ( !m is loa?some to ^? :o h be5 famili> ) ! subject4 ,pr9ciples are set =? z ( pres5t validity1 :i* h be5 long ago ab&on$ ev5 by ^? :o once advocat$ !m4 ,! mo/ ultra p>tisan op9ions & doctr9es are reviv$1 ) su* an air ( s9c]ity & confid5ce1 z leads u to believe t ! ,rev4 ,commission] nev] saw or he>d ( ! (t-repeat$ refutation ( !m4 ,he ref]s to ^? ^: m9ds are /eep$ 9 prejudice1 z ! mo/ reliable & responsible s\rces ( in=mation2 & p]haps we _c bett] describe ! docum5t1 z a :ole1 ?an by say+ t x is a synopsis ( ! reports ( ! ,bo/on ,prison ,discipl9e ,society & ,mr4 ,gray's book1 prep>$ & pr9t$ at ! exp5se ( ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri4 ,we owe x to ourselves to cite a passage or two f ! report1 to s]ve z an indication ( ! qualities we h m5tion$4 ,z to its rhetoric & logic let ! foll[+ suffice3 ,! conviction =ces itself ^u my m9d1 t1 if ! num]\s weighty objections already giv5 be correct--?is 7! sep>ate7 sy/em is n only wrong p] se1 b w soon be des]t$ by its rema9+ foll[]s4 ,= if x be true1 :5 allud+ to x 9 ! lea/ objectionable mann]1 t ?is sy/em is only suit$ to %ort s5t5ces1 z _m ( its fri5ds & advocates av]1 !n1 to all int5ts & purposes1 x mu/ soon be subject to "o ( two consequ5ces2 ei!r ! p5al code ( ! laws ( ! l& mu/ be s alt]$ z to suit ! dem& ( ! sy/em1 or ! sy/em mu/ be s alt]$ z to fully come )9 ! dem&s ( ! law4 ,z to its facts let ! foll[+ suffice3 ,^u ! sep>ate & solit>y pr9ciple1 ! prison]--good1 bad1 or indiff]5t z he may be1 surr\nd$ by 8 ,bible1 & su* o!r good books z are giv5 him f "t to "t1 rema9s all alone 9 8 cell1 f ! fir/ ( ,janu>y to ! la/ ( ,decemb]1 until 8 t]m ( imprisonm5t expires2 & is ?us left to 8 own reflections by day1 & by night--unless paid an occasional visit by "s k9d (fic] ( ! prison1 or by ! *apla94 ,& h5ce x is1 t 9 too _m in/ances to ju/ify ! means employ$1 insanity prec$es ! "w ( re=mation4 ,7 we to cite b a s+le passage f ! report to include ! logic1 ! rhetoric1 ! philosophy1 ! facts1 & ! reliability ( ! /atem5ts 9 a s+le view1 x w\ld be ! foll[+3 ,^u my arrival 9 ! city ( ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 s soon z ,i _h visit$ ! ,/ate prison at ,*>le/[n1 & ! ,bo/on new jail1 "u ! guidance ( ,hon4 ,l\is ,dwight1 ,i 0 conv9c$ 9 my own m9d t said jail1 = ! purposes = :i* x 0 design$1 0 decid$ly ! model prison ( ! age4 ,! commission] 0 s =tunate z n only to see ! model prison ( ! age1 b to obta9 f ! same s\rce a design ( a model prison = ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri2 & s compreh5sive & cle> 7 ! conceptions ( ! commission] ^u ! view ( ^! model edifices & plans1 t he made up 8 m9d :5 he fir/ saw ! design1 7& 8 views rema9$ un*ang$ aft] 8 return17 t x has no sup]ior ei!r 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or 9 ,europe4 ,among ! inexplicable mis-/atem5ts :i* we f9d scatt]$ ?r\gh ! report1 we may cite ! foll[+3 ,z has be5 prov51 beyond all successful contradiction1 ?is sy/em 7! congregate7 is n only m humane1 b x is also f> less exp5sive ?an ! sep>ate sy/em4 ,no?+ is m obvi\s ?an t f ! v nature ( ! discipl9e1 ! adm9i/ration ( a prison on ! sep>ate plan mu/ be ! lea/ exp5sive4 ,! fir/ co/ ( ! /ructure w probably be great]2 b we h suppos$ x to be conc$$ on all h&s1 t a prison on ?is plan once erect$1 ! exp5ses ( ma9ta9+ x 7 mu* less ?an ^? ( a congregate prison ) equal accommodations4 ,:ile we admit t ! fir/ co/ ( a prison = convict-sep>ation is great] ?an t ( a congregate prison1 we mu/ demur to ! ,rev4 ,commission]'s broad ass]tion on ?is po9t3 ,i speak n unadvis$ly1 he says1 :5 ,i ass]t1 t ! erection ( a prison = associate purposes1 is n half s exp5sive1 z ! erection ( a prison = ! sep>ate & solit>y conf9em5t ( its inmates--all ?+s consid]$4 ,! mo/ zeal\s oppos]s ( ! sep>ate sy/em h n pu%$ ?is objection to any su* extreme1 & to any consid]ate m9d x c>ries its refutation ) x4 ,z an inducem5t to proce$ on ! plan submitt$ by ! commission]1 he assures ! executive t ! prison once complet$ & prop]ly (fic]$1 unless 9 case ( "s un=ese5 accid5t1 w dem& ( ! ,/ate treasury no?+ m = at lea/ fifty ye>s6 ,& m ?an t1 he says1 aft] pay+ = itself dur+ ! fir/ few ye>s ( its exi/5ce1 x w !nce=? yield annually a h&some rev5ue to ! ,/ate4 ,! co/ ( ! ,miss\ri ,model ,prison is set d[n at #bej1jjj1 & z a sort ( gu>anty aga9/ any new exp5se = improvem5t 9 aft] times1 ! commission] has ! assurance ( "o g5tleman1 7:i* ano!r promptly endorses17 t ! pr9ciples ( ! ma9 build+ are su* z w la/ = "o hundr$ ye>s6 ,?is gives a *ance = a long nap to our ,bo/on fri5ds4 ,we are n )\t hope t "s ( ! good citiz5s ( ,miss\ri w get a glimpse ( ?is report ( ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,l4 ,hamilton1 & w insi/ ^u a m intellig5t & imp>tial inquiry1 be=e !y commit !mselves1 or suff] ! ,legislature to commit itself to s l>ge an exp5diture1 = an in/itution s p]man5t1 & involv+ s _m int]e/s ( humanity & public economy4 ,,art4 ,,viii4--,a ,,philan?ropic ,,p]plexity4 ,w ! publi%]s ( ! ,prison ,j\rnal1 or "s "o :o has access to its columns enlight5 an hone/ inquir] aft] ! pa? ( duty8 ,x is presum$ t ! comb9$ wisdom & philan?ropy ( ! ,prison ,society c furni% all ne$$ direction 9 ! case ,i h at he>t & 9 h&4 ,( ! grave & multipli$ evils t spr+ f /reet begg+1 ,i h no d\bt4 ,inde$ ,i h done all ,i c\ld 9 a private way to disc\nt5ance x4 ,i h nev] enc\rag$ a second call by a lib]al donation1 & p]haps h sometimes seem$ h>% & unfeel+4 ,b ,i am s well satisfi$ t x is ! mo/ inhuman ?+ we c d = ! hone/ poor1 & t x favors ! arts & s*emes ( ! di%one/1 t ,i feel con/ra9$ to avoid e ?+ t %\ld look l c\nt5anc+ x4 ,my neighbor's gate & door are daily besieg$ by wom5 & *ildr5 ) boys & baskets1 & !y seldom leave )\t "s tok5 ( approval4 ,b ,i mu/ ha/5 to a /atem5t ( my case4 ,i 0 go+ to my place ( bus9ess on ,saturday aft]noon1 aft] d9+ he>tily & happily ^u a r>e sirlo9 ( beef1 & saw a man on ! door-/eps ( a h\se 9 ,wa%+ton ,squ>e4 ,he 0 p]haps =ty ye>s old1 7m or less7 r %abbily dress$1 ) a dirty bundle "u 8 arm1 & "s indications ( h>d dr9k+ ab\t 8 face4 ,i notic$ t he tri$ ! h&le ( ! door be=e he rang ! bell1 & 0 ?us l$ to no v favorable impression ( 8 design4 ,/epp+ beh9d a flight ( /eps1 ,i notic$ 8 movem5ts z he w5t f door to door "u successive rebuffs4 ,z soon z he came up to my /&+ place1 ,i said to him1 ,fri5d1 d y "k y are liable to be tak5 up = begg+ 9 ! /reet8 ,i w>'nt begg+4 ,i only ask$ = a bit ( bread & cold meat4 ,well1 y w h a con/able aft] y 9 a few m9utes if y don't /op t bus9ess4 ,he turn$ on 8 heel & w5t f me1 & z my eye foll[$ him1 & ,i rememb]$ ! well-furni%$ table f :i* ,i _h j ris5 ) no v grateful he>t1 ,i felt reproa*$2 & quick5+ my /eps1 ,i foll[$ & ov]took him4 ,d y say y are hungry1 fri5d8 ,yes1 ,i am4 ,d y live 9 t[n8 ,no1 ,i came 9 t[n la/ night4 ,:]e f8 ,f ,emmettsburg4 ,is t y\r home8 ,yes1 ,i s]v$ my "t !re4 ,:at is y\r bus9ess8 ,%oemak+4 ,:y did y leave ,emmettsburg8 ,to get "w4 ,well1 y _h bett] g to ! ,mayor's1 at ! corn] ( ,fif? & ,*e/nut ,/reets1 & tell him y h no food1 no home & no "w4 ,(f he w5t1 & ,i foll[$ by ano!r r\te1 & rea*$ "o door ( ! (fice1 j z he ent]$ at ! o!r4 ,un=tunately ! ,mayor 0 at d9n]1 & ,i c\ld only tell my /ory to ! (fic] 9 att5dance4 ,:at %all be done ) su* a man8 ,i ask$4 ,we c only s5d him d[n to ,moyam5s+ = ?irty days1 or to ,blockley1 0 ! reply4 ,is t ! only alt]native--! prison1 or ! poor h\se1 ! latt] ) #b1gjj inmates1 & ! =m] s ov]/ock$ z to make x a positive nuisance8 ,is x really s8 ,!re is "w = "o hundr$ m5 at ?is mom5t1 9 remov+ ice f ! gutt]s1 mak+ ! side walks passable1 & ! /reets dec5t1 & yet ?is able bodi$ vagrant mu/ be impos$ ^u ! tax-pay+ public z a prison] or a paup]6 ,z we left ! (fice1 we saw ! ,emmettsburg %oemak] ignobly introduc$ to ! w>d room4 ,i hope x w n be said t ?is is a case n likely to occur (t51 = 9 t ev5t1 ,i %all feel oblig$ to relate half a doz5 o!r in/ances :i* h occurr$ )9 my own obs]vation1 & ! details ( :i* are any ?+ b agreeable4 ,i am cle> 9 ! op9ion1 t !re mu/ be "s ne$less & sad defect 9 our municipal legislation or adm9i/ration1 if ! p[] & capacity to "w is f\nd tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 succession1 associat$ ) vagrancy & m5dicity4 ,am ,i wrong 9 ?is op9ion8 ,& :e!r ,i am or n1 pray tell me h[ to treat /reet-begg>s4 ,miscellane\s ,notices4 ,,vagrant ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,new ,,york4--,an organization has rec5tly be5 effect$ 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 "u ! title ( ! ,*ildr5's ,aid ,society1 ! object ( :i* is to br+ humane & k9dly influ5ces to be> on homeless boys--to prea* 9 v>i\s modes ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ to ! vagrant *ildr5 ( ,new ,york4 ,z an evid5ce ( ! ne$ ( "s su* ag5cy1 x is /at$ t 9 "o ,w>d alone 7! elev5?7 !re 7 9 #aheb1 out ( #ab1jjj *ildr5 betwe5 ! ages ( five & sixte51 only #g1jjj :o att5d$ s*ool1 & only #b1ejj :o w5t to ,sunday-s*ool1 leav+ #e1jjj )\t ! common privileges ( education1 & ab\t #i1jjj de/itute ( public religi\s influ5ce6 ,! views ( ! f\nd]s ( ?is *>ity are summ>ily pres5t$ 9 a circul> z foll[s3 ,a l>ge multitude ( *ildr5 live 9 ! city :o _c be plac$ 9 asylums1 & yet :o are unc>$ = & ignorant & vagrant4 ,we propose to give to ^! "w1 & to br+ !m "u religi\s influ5ces4 ,a c5tral (fice has be5 tak51 & an ag5t1 7,*>les ,l4 ,brace17 has be5 engag$ to give 8 :ole "t to ef=ts = reliev+ ! wants ( ?is class4 ,z means %all come 91 x is design$ to di/rict ! city1 s t h]eaft] e ,w>d may h its ag5t1 :o %all be a fri5d to ! vagrant *ild4 ,boys' ,sunday ,meet+s h already be5 =m$1 :i* we hope to see ext5d$ until e qu>t] has its place ( prea*+ to boys4 ,) ^! we int5d to connect ,indu/rial ,s*ools1 :]e ! great temptations to ?is class1 aris+ f want ( "w1 may be remov$1 & :]e !y c le>n an hone/ trade4 ,arrangem5ts h be5 made ) manufactur]s1 by :i*1 if we h ! requisite funds to beg91 five hundr$ boys1 9 diff]5t localities1 c be suppli$ ) pay+ "w4 ,we hope too1 especially to be ! means ( dra9+ ! city ( ^! *ildr51 by communicat+ ) f>m]s1 manufactur]s or families 9 ! c\ntry1 :o may h ne$ ( su* = employm5t4 ,:5 homeless boys are f\nd by our ag5ts1 we mean to get !m homes 9 ! families ( respectable1 ne$y p]sons 9 ! city1 & to put !m into ! way ( an hone/ liv+4 ,x has be5 /at$1 9 ! public pr9ts1 t ( #af1jjj commitm5ts = crime to ! prisons ( ,new ,york dur+ ! ye>1 at lea/ "o-f\r? 7 m9ors1 & x is e/imat$ t n less ?an #aj1jjj *ildr5 9 ! city are daily suff]+ all ! evils ( vagrancy4 ,,/reet ,,begg+ ,,9 ,,new ,,york4--,we h _h occasion m ?an once to ref]1 9 t]ms ( high comm5dation1 to ! ,new ,york ,city organization = ! relief ( ! poor1 correspond+ 9 its ma9 features to our ,union ,b5evol5t ,association4 ,we regret to notice v l\d & frequ5t compla9ts ( ! cont9uance & increase ( /reet-begg+1 not)/&+ ! laudable ex]tions ( ! ,society4 ,a lead+ city newspap] has said )9 a week or two1 t upw>ds ( a half million ( doll>s is annually sp5t by ! au?orities & v>i\s societies1 9 ! way ( *>ity1 yet our /reets are ?rong$ ) begg>s ( all descriptions1 & p>ticul>ly ! av5ues & /reets up t[n1 9 almo/ any ( :i*1 ^u an av]age y c see f ?irty to fifty go+ f h\se to h\se1 to ! excessive annoyance ( families1 :o are (t5 abus$ & insult$ by !m1 because y d n meet _! dem&s4 ,9 fact x has become a nuisance ( ! wor/ magnitude4 ,!re is mu* reason to appreh5d t su* nuisances mu/ "w _! own abatem5t4 ,if our au?orities 7 /rong en\gh & indep5d5t en\gh1 to lay hold ( ! ,,boys ,,& ,,girls :o con/itute ! mat]ials f :i* /reet-begg>s are manufactur$1 & compel !m 7z a matt] ( public safety7 to submit to ! discipl9e ( an educational & indu/rial s*ool1 x w\ld make a bright op5+ 9 ! prospect4 ,or1 if e man1 woman & *ild :o is f\nd begg+ 9 ! /reet1 7 transf]r$ at once to "s *>itable in/itution1 7if !y h infirmities :i* prev5t !m f labor17 or to "s work+ in/itution1 7if !y are able-bodi$17 & !re put to "s :olesome labor 9 ex*ange = _! su/5ance & clo?+1 we %\ld n be )\t hope4 ,b we see no way ( suppress+ ! evil1 if nei!r ( ^! me?ods is feasible4 ,,new ,,york ,,prison ,,association4--,we h se5 only newspap] reports ( ! proce$+s at ! eigh? anniv]s>y ( ?is active & v useful ,association4 ,we und]/& t _! condemnation ( ! yoke & ! %[]1 z modes ( puni%m5t1 is v emphatic & unqualifi$1 & among ! int]e/+ facts :i* are drawn f _! report1 we select ! foll[+3-- ,9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 s9ce #ahdh1 disord]ly conduct 79 almo/ e in/ance ! result ( /rong dr9k7 has /eadily increas$ f #gjc to #b1ffj1 or #bgh p] c5t42 intoxication has increas$ ab\t #ge p] c5t41 & ! two toge!r f #e1egi to #aa1bhj4 ,by a comp>ison ( ! prison /ati/ics = ! la/ five ye>s1 x appe>s t crimes aga9/ prop]ty h increas$ only ab\t #ej p] c5t42 b t crimes aga9/ ! p]son h increas$ #abi p] c5t41 or f #a1cjj 9 #ahdc to #b1ibj 9 #aheb4 ,! increase has be5 ! greate/ 9 ! highe/ crimes4 ,?us we f9d assaults to kill 7 #be 9 #ahdh1 & #ci1 #ei1 #fa & #ge 9 #aheb1 or ?ree-fold4 ,manslaught]1 9 #ahdh1 0 #c1 & !n #d1 #af1 #aa 9 #aheb1 almo/ f\r-fold4 ,murd] 9 #ahdh 0 #i1 & #i1 #ae1 #ba & #ef 9 #aheb1 or m ?an six-fold4 ,n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! :ole numb] committ$ to ?is prison dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 7 intemp]ate6 ,! returns ( sixte5 ,/ate ,prisons1 = ! ye> #ahea1 give u a gr& total ( #d1ejg prison]s1 #c1jjf ( :om 7 imprison$ = (f5ces aga9/ prop]ty1 & #ghd aga9/ ! p]son4 ,x is /at$ t !re is a great] numb] ( cases ( bigamy & p]jury 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ?an 9 all ! o!r fifte5 ,/ates2 !re be+ tw5ty-"o cases ( bigamy 9 ,new ,york1 & only fifte5 9 ! o!r ,/ates2 & sev5te5 cases ( p]jury to ?ree 9 all ! o!r ,/ates4 ,! av]age p]iod ( conf9em5t 9 ,connecticut is six ye>s1 sev5 mon?s1 tw5ty-n9e days2 & 9 ! ,ea/]n ,p5it5ti>y ( ,p5nsylvania x is only two ye>s1 six mon?s & ?ree days4 ,,new ,,york ,,/ate ,,prisons4--,! report ( ! ,/ate ,p5it5ti>ies ( ,new ,york be> date ,decemb] #a1 & %[ t #abi m convicts 7 9 cu/ody at t "t ?an 9 ,decemb]1 #ahea4 ,( #ahdc1 ! :ole numb] 9 conf9em5t1 #ibd 7 at ,s+ ,s+1 #geb at ,auburn & #afg at ,cl9ton4 ,"o hundr$ & =ty-?ree p>dons 7 grant$1 or ab\t #a 9 e #ab convictions6 ,! exp5ses ( all ! prisons exce$$ ! e>n+s by sev]al ?\s&s ( doll>s1 %[+ ! fallacy ( ! argum5t s pot5t ) mo/ ,legislatures1 t by associat+ prison]s 9 labor !y become a s\rce ( pr(it1 :ile sep>at+ !m involves great exp5se4 ,! ,cl9ton prison is go+ l>gely into ! iron bus9ess & wants m h&s4 ,we w\ld respectfully sugge/1 :e!r !re are n _m p]sons at l>ge 9 ,new ,york1 & "s q consid]able 9 importance & respectable 9 appe>ance1 too1 :o w\ld f9d appropriate employm5t !re4 ,!re has be5 "s increase 9 ! frequ5cy ( puni%m5ts by ! yoke1 ! %[] ba?1 ! ball & *a91 & solitude4 ,( #fac commitm5ts1 two-?irds confess$ intemp]ate habits4 ,h[ _m ( ! re/ 7 mod]ate dr9k]s does n appe>4 ,! av]age degree ( education 9 ! convicts receiv$ is less ?an 9 "s =m] reports4 ,,idiots ,,9 ,,new ,,york4--,!re are two ?\s& eight hundr$ idiots 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,! report ( ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,idiot ,asylum1 ne> ,albany1 conta9s ! foll[+ int]e/+ passage3--,we h taught a *ild to walk :5 we _h fir/ to awak5 or cultivate a fe> ( fall+1 z an inc5tive to any ef=ts on h] "p4 ,we h awak5$ p]ceptions ( s\nds 9 e>s :]e ! s5se ( he>+ resid$ )\t ! use ( x4 ,we h develop$ p]ceptions ( sight ?r\gh eyes t _h nev] p]=m$ _! appropriate (fice4 ,we h be5 tea*+ *ildr5 to speak 9 e /age ( articulation4 ,cases t ?ree ye>s s9ce only promis$ to be hopeless1 helpless burd5s to _! fri5ds all _! lives1 h be5 elevat$ to ! rank ( happy1 useful memb]s ( society4 ,9 almo/ all cases1 & ) v few1 if any exceptions1 ^? usually call$ idiots1 "u ! age ( twelve or fifte51 may be s tra9$ & in/ruct$ z to r5d] !m useful to !mselves1 & fitt$ to le>n "s ( ! ord9>y trades1 or to engage 9 agriculture4 ,_! m9ds & s\ls c be develop$1 s t !y may become responsible be+s1 acqua9t$ ) _! relations to _! ,creator & a future /ate1 & _! obligations to obey ! laws & respect ! rights ( _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,9 all cases1 we believe1 = we h se5 :at has be5 accompli%$ 9 app>5tly desp]ate cases1 !y c be made cleanly & neat 9 _! p]sonal habits1 & enabl$ to enjoy ! b\nties ( ,provid5ce & ! ,com=ts ( life1 & to cease be+ incumbrances & annoyances to ! families 9 :i* !y reside4 ,,be ,,be=eh& ,,) ,,! ,,tempt]6--,a fri5d tells u ( a case 9 :i* a "y girl ( consid]able p]sonal attraction1 0 rescu$ f imp5d+ dang]4 ,h] "m 0 a wid[ ) v scanty means ( support4 ,?is girl _h a ta/e =1 & "s skill 9 music4 ,_h be5 at ! public s*ools1 & c\ld read & write ) facility1 & 0 inde$ respectably educat$ = "o 9 h] /ation4 ,h] "m _h det]m9$ to take bo>d]s1 & to give an air ( g5tility to h] h\se1 %e _h also made arrangem5ts to hire a piano4 ,! introduction ( ! class ( bo>d]s :i* ! "m expect$1 w\ld h expos$ ! *ild to great dang]4 ,a ,*ri/ian fri5d saw ?is1 & by timely & judici\s ef=ts succe$$ 9 secur+ = h] a situation :]e %e w\ld be protect$ & prep>$ = usefulness1 & = ga9+ a respectable livelihood4 ,h[ mu* m hopeful su* simple prev5tive measures are1 ?an ^? :i* 7?\gh equally well meant7 come lat]1 & are at be/ b rem$ial 9 _! "*4 ,,new ,,p5it5ti>y ,,9 ,,massa*usetts4--,we notice 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts t x is propos$ to build a new ,/ate ,prison4 ,x is b a ye> or two s9ce ! ,*>le/[n prison 0 greatly enl>g$1 s z to meet :at 0 suppos$ to be ! dem& = convict-accommodation4 ,x is e>ne/ly to be hop$1 t if a new prison %\ld be erect$ 9 t ,/ate1 ! pr9ciple ( sep>ation w be adopt$4 ,if ! two sy/ems c\ld be once fairly tri$ 9 ! actual pres5ce ( ! p ( t anci5t & intellig5t ,commonweal?1 we %\ld h /rong confid5ce t ! gr\ndless prejudices aga9/ convict-sep>ation w\ld disappe>1 & t h] example w\ld be set z effectually = ! fur!rance ( correct views on ! important subject ( prison discipl9e1 z x has h]et(ore be5 cit$ = ! fur!rance ( misappreh5sion & error4 ,,/ate ,,prison ,,at ,,*>le/[n1 ,,mass4--,! e>n+s ( ! inmates ( ! ,*>le/[n ,/ate ,prison1 = ! ye> end+ ,septemb] #cj?1 #aheb1 7 #f1iba4ag ov] exp5ses4 ,( ! inmates1 #cac are ,am]icans1 #agj =eign]s1 #ce negroes & #ab mulattoes4 ,we h kn[n a succession ( annual reports ( ,/ate prisons to be publi%$1 9 :i* ! e>n+s ( ! convicts1 ov] & above ! exp5ditures 7 q %[y1 b by & by came a *ange 9 ! adm9i/ration1 & a balance appe>s aga9/ ! conc]n1 suffici5t to swall[ up all ! previ\sly report$ excess ( e>n+s4 ,ea* report ( a favorable ye> made its impression on ! public m9d1 & hundr$s ( ?\s&s :o 7 misl$ by x1 w nev] see a notice ( ! detection ( ! error1--to use no h>%] t]m4 ,we d n mean to intimate t !re is any reason to di/ru/ ! =ego+ item1 b simply to admoni% ! read] t su* /atem5ts are always to be tak5 ) _m gra9s ( all[ance4 ,,ill9ois ,,p5it5ti>y4--,we und]/& t ?is in/itution is leas$ = a t]m ( ye>s to a p]son1 :o all[s ! ,/ate a c]ta9 sum = ! labor ( ! convicts1 c4 ,! report be=e u embraces ! ye>s #ahea & #aheb4 ,on ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahea1 ! prison conta9$ #agj convicts4 ,s9ce t "t #ch h di$1 #da h be5 p>don$1 #a has escap$1 & #afh h be5 dis*>g$ by expiration ( s5t5ce--mak+ ! :ole numb] dis*>g$ )9 ! pa/ two ye>s1 #bdh4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod1 #bie h be5 receiv$1 & ! :ole numb] n[ 9 conf9em5t is #bjg4 ,f\rte5 only 7 born 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois6 ,,new ,,/ate ,,re=m ,,s*ool4--,! ,legislature ( ,new ,hamp%ire at its la/ ,june session1 receiv$ a report f a ,bo>d ( ,commission]s = ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool1 to be locat$ 9 ! t[n ( ,concord1 ! co/ n to exce$ #ce1jjj1 & to be plann$ = ! accommodation ( #cjj boys1 b f9i%$ at pres5t = #abj4 ,an eligible site has be5 obta9$1 & we hope soon to he> t ! in/itution is conf]r+ wide & la/+ b5efits ^u ! community4 ,,juv5ile ,,(f5d]s4--,at ! ,som]set%ire ,sessions1 held lately at ,wells1 ,engl&1 an int]e/+ discussion took place on ! subject ( ! puni%m5t & re=mation ( juv5ile (f5d]s4 ,! subject 0 br\ght be=e ! ,c\rt by ! read+ ( a circul>1 9 :i* ! magi/rates 7 call$ ^u to adopt a memorial to ! ,m>quis ( ,lansd[ne on ?is important subject4 ,mr4 ,lloyd ,bak] said he _h _h ! subject "u 8 consid]ation = ! la/ fifte5 ye>s1 & he laid be=e ! ,c\rt /ati/ics ref]r+ to ! crim9al c>e] ( a numb] ( y\?s at t mom5t conf9$ 9 ! ,gl\ce/] ,c\nty ,prison1 %[+ t !y _h be51 mo/ ( !m1 previ\sly convict$ once or twice2 t ?is k9d ( puni%m5t1 in/ead ( hav+ a moral effect ^u !m1 appe>$ only to h h>d5$ !m 9 crime by _! com+ 9 contact ) o!r bad adult *>act]s1 & t _! trial & imprisonm5t _h co/ ! c\nty f #ge to #ajj a-piece4 ,8 argum5t 0 9 favor ( an entirely new sy/em ( juv5ile re=mation4 ,he 0 foll[$ by o!r magi/rates1 :o spoke ( ! c\rse impos$ ^u !m1 to s5t5ce m]e *ildr5 to conf9em5t 9 a prison1 z a mo/ unsatisfactory "o4 ,!re 0 no moral effect 9 su* puni%m5ts1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! effect 0 to break d[n ! fir/ b>ri] to crime1 & x 0 f\nd t ! %ame ( imprisonm5t 0 ov]come4 ,"o ( !m express$ an op9ion t :at 0 want$ 0 a public receptacle = (f5d]s ( ?is class :o 7 n prop]ly prison]s1 b un=tunate individuals :o1 by neglect ( _! p>5ts1 _h be5 l$ into error4 ,he did n see :y x %\ld n be made compulsory ^u su* p>5ts :o s neglect$ _! (fspr+ z to lead !m to crime1 to contribute t[>ds _! support 9 su* an e/abli%m5t1 9 ! same mann] z a runaway p>5t 0 call$ ^u to contribute to ! support ( 8 family4 ,! discussion end$ 9 ! adoption ( a memorial1 :i* 0 sign$ by all ! magi/rates pres5t1 express+ _! conviction1 t ! pres5t mode ( treat+ & dispos+ ( juv5ile (f5d]s 0 mo/ ineffici5t & unsatisfactory4 ,,s+ul> ,,avocation ,,& ,,mode ,,( ,,life ,,9 ,,london4--,9 a case ( assault br\ght be=e a police-c\rt1 a mo/ extraord9>y "* appe>$ z a witness4 ,! man is by pr(ession a ?or\gh subt]ranean rat-cat*]1 = ! supply ( ^? :o keep sport+ dogs4 ,"o-half ( 8 life is sp5t 9 que/ ( prey f ! :ole range ( ! sew]age ( ,london4 ,furni%$ ) a bull's eye lant]n1 a good-siz$ fold+ trap1 & a %ort rake1 he ent]s ! ma9 sew]1 at ! foot ( ,blackfri>'s ,bridge1 & pursues 8 dang]\s avocation1 wai/-deep 9 mud & fil? ( e description4 ,! sew]s lit]ally sw>m ) rats1 :i* he cat*es by h&1 & places !m 9 8 cage z easy z if !y 7 "y kitt5s4 ,8 und]gr\nd j\rneys ext5d = miles4 ,he has be5 "u ,newgate1 & along ,*eapside to ! ,mansion ,h\se4 ,he has trav]s$ f ,holborn to ,isl+ton1 closely inspect+ all ! passages t ent] ! gr& sew] ( ! mighty metropolis4 ,on "o occasion1 an ob/ruction occurr$ to a dra9 at ! foot ( ,holborn ,hill4 ,t]ms 7 spe$ily agre$ ^u1 & our subt]ranean explor] />t$ (f to ! foot ( ,blackfri>'s ,bridge1 & 9 half an h\r 8 voice 0 he>d d[n ! gully-hole2 he spe$ily cle>$ away ! ob/ruction1 & receiv$ 8 rew>d1 ?us sav+ ! exp5se ( break+ up ! roadway4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 to ! rats alone t he pays 8 att5tion2 he frequ5tly falls 9 ) a ri* prize1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,city sew]s4 ,on "o occasion he f\nd a silk purse1 conta9+ gold & silv]2 on ano!r a gold wat* & seals1 numb]s ( silv] spoons1 r+s & o!r articles ( value4 ,he has be5 ?ree times attack$ ) ! typhus fev]1 b rapidly recov]$ on ea* occasion4 ,,dea? ,,f ,,sep>ation6--,a ,london pap] tells u1 t ,mr4 ,b$=d1 ! coron] = ,we/m9/]1 held an inque/ lately 9 ,millbank ,p5it5ti>y1 t\*+ ! dea? ( ,?omas ,wilk9son1 a convict1 ag$ n9ete5 ye>s1 a clo?dress]1 :o 0 f\nd "o ,sunday morn+ ly+ dead & ble$+ on ! floor ( 8 cell1 hav+ cut 8 ?roat ) a razor :i* 0 giv5 him to %ave1 dur+ ! mom5t>y abs5ce ( ! w>d] 9 *>ge4 ,f ! "q ( convict prison discipl9e hav+ rec5tly be5 slightly agitat$ 9 ! public j\rnals1 ! sep>ate sy/em 0 inquir$ into by ! coron]1 :o ask$ ,dr4 ,baily if he c\ld ?r[ any light on ! case1 to guide ! jury z to ! cause ( ! act4 ,dr4 ,baily ?\ght t x 0 brood+ ov] ! l5g? ( 8 s5t5ce1 & /at$ fur!r t1 dur+ eighte5 ye>s1 9 t prison1 f #ahbd to #ahdb1 ) an av]age ( #ded prison]s1 only ?ree _h committ$ suicide1 b !n _! s5t5ces 7 only two1 ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,aga91 9 ! t5 ye>s z a convict prison1 f #ahdc to #ahec1 !re _h be5 ?irte5 suicides4 ,s t he ?\ght x 0 m ! l5g? ( ! s5t5ces ?an ! sep>ate conf9em5t1 al?\gh he mu/ own t ! latt] w\ld accel]ate or aggravate any disease :i* might be on a prison]1 & also t5d to suicide1 by giv+ !m an opportunity :5 !y w\ld be brood+ ov] a long prospect ( imprisonm5t4 ,! jury return$ a v]dict to ! effect t ! deceas$ de/roy$ himself dur+ a /ate ( tempor>y insanity1 br\ght on by ! sep>ate sy/em6 ,we h put a few words 9 italics to m>k ! absurdity ( su* a v]dict4 7#a47 ,no evid5ce ( insanity is /at$1 except t :i* ! fatal act furni%es4 7#b47 ,z favorable an opportunity is (f]$1 dur+ half ( e tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a congregate1 z 9 a sep>ate prison4 7#c47 ,if x is brood+ ov] an unusually long s5t5ce t produces suicidal insanity1 ! v]dict %\ld be1 t ! deceas$ de/roy$ himself dur+ a /ate ( tempor>y insanity1 br\ght on by a mi/ake ( ! law or ( its adm9i/rators6 ,,murd]s ,,9 ,,philadelphia4--,x is our pa9ful duty to record ?ree delib]ate & atroci\s murd]s committ$ )9 ! b\nds ( ! city ( ,philadelphia s9ce our la/ issue4 ,! fir/ 0 committ$ 9 broad day1 9 "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t$ p>ts ( ! city1 ^u a man 9 8 own /ore1 & 0 att5d$ ) circum/ances ( f]ocity r>ely equall$4 ,! p]petrator ( ! de$ has n be5 discov]$4 ,! second 0 ! wanton but*]y ( an un(f5d+ man1 app>5tly )\t any motive1 except ! indulg5ce ( a blood-?ir/y malevol5ce4 ,! ?ird 0 committ$ ^u two unprotect$ females1 & ) a f]ocity ( :i* we %\ld hope few human be+s are susceptible1 ev5 9 _! mo/ savage /ate4 ,! only app>5t motive = ! cruel & da/>dly de$ 0 a pittance ( money4 ,h[ f> ! wret*$ mon/] on :om ! guilt ( ?is d\ble murd] has be5 fix$ by ! law & ! te/imony1 may h be5 implicat$ 9 o!r de$s ( blood ascrib$ to him by popul> rumor1 x is n = u to say1 b we suppose !re is no d\bt t he 0 n long s9ce a convict 9 ! ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y at ,s+ ,s+1 ,n4 ,y41 & 0 p>don$ by ! ,executive ( t ,/ate6 ,h[ mu* ( 8 t]m ( puni%m5t 0 abridg$ by ?is int]position ( extraord9>y clem5cy1 we are n in=m$2 b if ! full execution ( 8 s5t5ce w\ld h c>ri$ ! p]iod ( 8 conf9em5t beyond ! #aj? ( ,m>*1 #ahec1 x is cle> t ! abridgm5t ( x op5$ ! way = ! t]rible de$ :i* we h n[ record$4 ,& are we n ju/ifi$ 9 hold+ ! p>don+ p[] responsible1 9 =o consci5ti1 at lea/1 = ! consequ5ces ( tak+ a convict out ( ! h&s ( ! m9i/]s ( ju/ice1 :ile he is und]go+ :olesome discipl9e by _! ord]1 & s5d+ him back into ! community z "o ^: puni%m5t 0 great] ?an he des]v$8 ,:o kn[s b t an ill-judg$ int]position ( ,executive p[] may sometimes bre$ a contempt = public au?ority1 & /imulate a reckless convict to m audaci\s violations ( law6 ,,miss\ri ,,insane ,,asylum4--,?is in/itution is locat$ 9 ,fulton4 ,x 0 op5$ a ye> s9ce1 & has receiv$ #gj pati5ts4 ,!re are #dfj acres ( l& atta*$ to x1 #cj ( :i* are "u culture4 ,dr4 ,t4 ,r4 ,h4 ,smi? is ! pr9cipal physician4 ,,miss\ri ,,p5it5ti>y4--,on ! #bj? ( ,decemb] !re 7 #bcb convicts 9 cu/ody1 ( :om #adf 7 f ! c\nty ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,( ! c\ntries ( _! nativity1 ,irel& furni%es ! l>ge/ numb]1 & ,g]many ! next l>ge/4 ,( ! ,/ates ( ! ,union1 ,p5nsylvania furni%es ! l>ge/ numb]4 ,we are happy to le>n t ! physician is a decid$ advocate ( convict-sep>ation4 ,,x ,,is ,,said1 7,,& ,,we ,,presume ,,on ,,good ,,au?ority17 #a4--,,t1 on ! #ab? ( ,novemb] la/1 notice 0 giv5 9 ! ,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons ( a bill = ! codification ( ! crim9al laws4 #b4--,,t1 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,legislature1 ! ,committee on ,prisons h report$ aga9/ all[+ ! families ( convicts a portion ( _! e>n+s4 #c4--,,t1 ! ,london ,society = improv+ ! condition ( ! ,insane1 h (f]$ a premium ( tw5ty gu9eas = ! be/ essay t %all be pres5t$1 %[+ ! progressive *anges s9ce ,p9el's "t 9 ! moral managem5t ( ! ,insane1 & ! v>i\s contrivances to disp5se ) me*anical re/ra9ts4 #d4--,,t1 ! ,emp]or ( ,france has decid$1 t out ( t5 millions ( francs appropriat$ to ! improvem5t ( ! lodg+-h\ses ( ! labor+ classes1 ?ree millions %all be put at ! disposal ( ! ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior to procure plans6 #e4--,,t1 ! inmates ( ! ,c9c9nati ,h\se ( ,refuge are #bce1 & t ! numb] ( juv5ile culprits at l>ge is fe>fully increas+4 #f4--,,t1 ! ?ree ,/ate prisons ( ,new ,york1 7conta9+ #aghc convicts1 ( :om only #hj are females17 w require a consid]able sum beyond _! e>n+s = _! support1 viz43 = ! ,auburn prison1 #ad1jjj2 = ! ,s+ ,s+ ,prison1 #g1jjj2 = ! ,cl9ton ,prison1 #bg1jjj4 ,yet ! ,cl9ton ,prison is n reg>d$ z an unsuccessful exp]im5t6 ,we hope ?is important fact w be kn[n to ! ,miss\ri ,legislature be=e !y det]m9e to adopt ! congregate sy/em1 on ! gr\nd ( its economy4 ,z a g5]al ?+1 says ! report ( a commission] ( ,miss\ri on t subject1 ! prisons employ+ ?is 7! associate sy/em7 support !mselves4 ,x is wise to look be=e we leap4 #g4--,,t1 v favorable comm5cem5t has be5 made 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( an in/itution 9 or ne> ,philadelphia1 = ! in/ruction ( idiots & feeble-m9d$ *ildr54 #h4--,,t1 ! ,deaf & ,dumb ,asylum at ,jacksonville1 ,ill41 admitt$ dur+ its la/ t]m #ajj pupils1 #id ( :om 7 f )9 ! ,/ate4 ,! :ole numb] ( mutes 9 ! ,/ate is e/imat$ at #ejj4 #i4--,,t1 ! ,ill9ois ,asylum = ! ,bl9d has 9 x #be pupils4 ,! :ole numb] ( ! bl9d 9 ! ,/ate is e/imat$ at only #fj4 ,a build+ is ne>ly ready = _! accommodation4 #aj4--,,t1 ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,lunatic ,asylum admitt$ dur+ ! ye> #ach pati5ts1 ( :om #ch 7 re/or$ to sanity1 #ej 7 dis*>g$1 & #hb rema9 "u treatm5t4 #aa4--,,t1 ! rite ( confirmation1 z obs]v$ 9 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 0 lately adm9i/]$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,man*e/] to #bh prison]s 9 ! gaol 9 t t[n1 v>y+ 9 age f #ad to #ee ye>s4 ,! :ole sc5e is repres5t$ z hav+ be5 v impressive4 #ab4--,,t1 ! numb] ( idiots 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york is n less ?an #b1hjj1 ( :om "o-f\r? are "u #ad ye>s ( age4 ,!re are #db pupils 9 ! ,/ate in/itution = idiots1 #cj ( :om are support$ by ! ,/ate4 ,! tru/ees recomm5d ! pur*ase ( a build+ hav+ accommodations = #ajj pupils1 ( :om #fd1 7eight f ea* judicial di/rict17 x is propos$ to support at ! exp5se ( ! ,/ate2 & ! rema9+ #cf1 by fri5ds4 ,! e/imat$ co/ ( a suitable build+ is #bj1jjj2 & ! annual appropriation necess>y to ma9ta9 ! e/abli%m5t w be #aj1jjj4 #ac4--,,t1 a new organization ( ! police ( ,new ,york contemplates ! total release ( ! policem5 f all political influ5ce1 z x provides t !y %all hold _! (fices dur+ good behavior1 & %all only be remov$ = neglect ( duty or ! violation ( police regulations4 ,t ! ,*ief ( ,police %all be appo9t$ by ! ,mayor1 ) ! approval ( ! ,bo>d ( ,ald]m51 & n ! ,common ,c\ncil1 z has be5 ! law hi!rto2 t e policeman appo9t$ mu/ be a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & a resid5t ( ! w>d = :i* he has be5 nom9at$4 ,he mu/ also pres5t to ! ,mayor1 ) 8 c]tificate ( nom9ation1 ano!r1 sign$ by tw5ty-five reputable citiz5s1 two-?irds ( :om mu/ reside 9 ! w>d at ! "t ( sign+ ! c]tificate1 c]tify+ t !y h be5 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) him five ye>s la/ pa/1 & t dur+ t "t he has borne a good "* = hone/y1 morality & sobriety4 ,he mu/ also pres5t to ! ,mayor a c]tificate f ! ,*ief ( ,police1 c]tify+ t ! said applicant c read ) ease1 & write legibly ! ,engli% language1 t he well und]/&s ! fir/ f\r rules ( ari?metic1 & t he is a prop] p]son to appo9t to said (fice4 ,^! rules if fai?fully obs]v$1 w\ld probably exclude "s ( ! pres5t incumb5ts 9 mo/ ( our cities4 #ad4--,,t1 ! :ole numb] ( convicts 9 ! ,ill9ois ,p5it5ti>y is #bbg1 & ! :ole exp5se ( convey+ convicts f ! c\nties 9 ! ,/ate to ! p5it5ti>y1 is #ad1iij4je6 ,! ,gov]nor ?9ks x unwise to h a v l>ge numb] ( convicts congregat$ 9 "o prison1 & he submits to ! consid]ation ( ! ,legislature1 :e!r ! public int]e/ 9 reg>d to ?is subject w\ld n be bett] subs]v$ by build+ ano!r p5it5ti>y1 to be locat$ at "s eligible po9t 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,we hope "o ( !m1 at lea/1 w be e/abli%$ on ! ,p5nsylvania sy/em4 #ae4--,,t1 a little ragg$ ur*91 begg+ 9 ! /reets ( ,detroit1 0 ask$ by ! lady ( ! h\se 7:]e 8 baskets _h be5 well repl5i%$17 if 8 p>5ts 7 liv+8 ,only dad1 m>m1 said ! boy4 ,!n y've en\gh 9 y\r basket n[1 to fe$ ! family = "s "t1 said ! lady4 ,oh6 no ,i hav5't nei!r1 said ! lad1 = dad & me keeps five bo>d]s2 he does ! h\sework1 & ,i does ! m>ket'n4 #af4--,,t1 a new edifice = ! ,new ,york ,deaf & ,dumb ,in/itution is to be built1 ! pres5t location hav+ be5 r5d]$ ineligible = su* a purpose1 by ! op5+ ( new ?or\ghf>es4 ,! site select$ is 9 ! vic9ity ( ,=t ,wa%+ton1 ne> ! l9e ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,rail-road1 & ! co/ ( ! site & build+ is e/imat$ at #abj1jjj4 #ag4--,,t1 on ! #a/ day ( ,janu>y ! population ( ! ,new ,york ,city ,alm%\se 0 #eeeg2 out-(-door paup]s1 #accb2 total1 #fiji--suffici5t to /ock a l>ge village4 #ah4--,,t1 ! practice prevails among c]ta9 ( ! magi/rates ( ! c\nty ( ,philadelphia1 7names n giv517 ( committ+ to ! c\nty prison p]sons kn[n to be guiltless ( any (f5ce to ju/ify _! commitm5ts--t su* p]sons are sometimes reta9$ 9 prison = weeks1 & x is add$1 t ?is repreh5sible sy/em puts ! c\nty to an increas$ exp5se1 m]ely to place co/s 9 ! pockets ( ! committ+ magi/rates4 #ai4--,,t1 in/ruction on ! ,phonetic plan has be5 giv5 ) mu* success 9 sev]al ( ! p5al in/itutions abroad1 among :i* are ! ,pre/on ,h\se ( ,correction & ! ,glasg[ ,bridewell4 #bj4--,,t1 n a s+le case has yet be5 kn[n ( a convict's los+ 8 reason z a necess>y & natural consequ5ce ( be+ sep>at$ f o!r convicts4 ,,ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,we h to express our ?anks to v>i\s fri5ds = _! ?\ghtful k9dness 9 =w>d+ u copies ( reports1 & among !m are ! foll[+3 ,annual reports ( ! ,(fic]s ( ! ,new ,j]sey ,/ate ,lunatic ,asylum = #aheb4 ,tw5tie? ,annual ,report ( ! ,/ate ,lunatic ,hospital at ,worce/]1 ,mass4 = #aheb4 ,report ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,hospital = ! ,insane = ! ye> #aheb4 ,t5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,/ate ,lunatic ,asylum ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 #aheb4 ,annual ,report ( ! ,/ate ,lunatic ,asylum at ,h>risburg1 ,p5n4 ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,annual ,report ( ! ,inspectors ( ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y ( ,p5nsylvania1 #aheb4 ,report ( ! ,inspectors ( ! ,we/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y ( ,p5nsylvania = #aheb4 ,sixte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bo>d ( ,directors ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution = ! ,deaf & ,dumb1 #aheb4 ,tw5tie? ,annual ,report ( ! ,manag]s ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,in/itution = ! ,in/ruction ( ! ,bl9d = #aheb4 ,report ( ! ,/ate ,prison ( ,new ,j]sey = #aheb4 ,six? ,annual ,report ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool at ,we/bor\gh1 ,mass4 ,tw5ty-,sev5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,prison ,discipl9e ,society ( ,bo/on1 #ahea-b4 ,act ( ,incorporation1 ,by-,laws1 c41 ( ,new ,york ,juv5ile ,asylum4 ,tw5ty-,eigh? ,annual ,report ( ! ,manag]s ( ! ,society = ! ,re=mation ( ,juv5ile ,del9qu5ts ( ,new ,york1 #aheb4 ,annual ,report ( ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ,philadelphia ,*>ity ,s*ools1 #aheb4 ,report ( ,manag]s ( ! ,magdal5 ,society = #aheb4 ,annual ,report ( ! ,manag]s ( ! ,bo/on ,asylum & ,f>m ,s*ool = #aheb4 ,eight ,report ( ! ,baltimore ,manual ,labor ,s*ool = ,indig5t ,boys = #aheb4 ,report ( ,commission]s on ! ,/ate ,re=m ,s*ool ( ,p5nsylvania4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,premium ,,= ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,juv5ile ,,del9qu5cy4--,at a meet+ ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,refuge1 ,philadelphia1 ! foll[+ preamble & resolution 7 adopt$1 viz3 ,:]eas1 ,! increase ( ,juv5ile ,del9qu5cy 9 all ! l>ge cities ( our c\ntry1 has claim$ ! att5tion ( philan?ropi/s2 & :]eas1 ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,refuge1 ,philadelphia1 are desir\s t errors 9 modes ( tra9+ ! "y1 & o!r causes co-op]at+ to produce ! evil ref]r$ to1 may be pres5t$ 9 su* a =m z to claim ! s]i\s consid]ation ( p>5ts & gu>dians ?r\gh\t ! l&2 !re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s d (f] a premium ( "o hundr$ doll>s = ! be/ essay1 & fifty doll>s = t next 9 ord] ( m]it1 to be aw>d$ by a committee ( lit]>y g5tlem53 ,provid$1 t su* essays %all n exce$ fifty octavo pages 9 l5g?1 & %all be contribut$ be=e ! fir/ day ( ,july1 ,a4 ,d4 #ahec2 & :e!r successful or n 9 competition1 %all be at ! absolute disposal ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s4 ,9 accordance ) ! above preamble & resolution1 ! premiums !re9 nam$ are n[ (f]$1 )\t re/riction z to ! resid5ce ( competitors4 ,! ,rt4 ,rev4 ,alonzo ,pott]1 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,pack>d1 ,esq41 & ,/eph5 ,colwell1 ,esq41 h cons5t$ to act z ! ,committee1 to exam9e & adjudge z to ! m]its ( ! ,essays (f]$ 9 competition4 ,competitors = ! above nam$ premiums1 w please address _! manuscripts to ,john ,biddle1 ,no4 #f ,s\? ,fif? ,/reet1 ,philadelphia2 & s5d !re)1 _! names & places ( resid5ce1 "u seal$ envelopes4 ,z ! object ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,refuge 9 (f]+ ! above-nam$ premiums1 is ma9ly to call ! att5tion ( p>5ts & gu>dians to errors 9 ! preval5t modes ( tra9+ ! "y--a subject :i* %\ld claim ! att5tion ( e read]--! und]sign$ w\ld call ! att5tion ( editors ( newspap]s g5]ally1 ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to ?is adv]tisem5t1 & ask ! favor ( an ins]tion ( x1 or ( ! m important p>ts ( x1 9 ! columns ( _! pap]s4 ,by ord] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,refuge4 ,,?os4 ,p4 ,,cope1 ,presid5t ( ,h4 ( ,r4 ,,john ,,biddle1 ,secret>y ( ,h4 ( ,r4 ,philadelphia1 ,feb4 #ag1 #ahec4 ,?ird page ( cov]4 ,f ! ,episcopal ,record]4 ,?is p]iodical gives a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation on ,prison ,discipl9e1 & _c fail to int]e/ su* z grieve ov] ! suff]+s occasion$ by crime1 & reg>d ! imprison$ crim9al z /ill belong+ to our common humanity1 & ne$+ ! commis]ation ( ! wise & good4 ,f ! ,public ,l$g]4 ,we h receiv$ ! ,octob] numb] ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,j\rnal ( ,prison ,discipl9e & ,philan?ropy1 publi%$ "u ! direction ( ! ,philadelphia ,society = alleviat+ ! ,mis]ies ( ,public ,prisons4 ,x is /or$ ) int]e/+ matt]4 ,f ! ,presbyt]ian4 ,we h be5 read+ ) great int]e/ ! ,p5nsylvania ,j\rnal ( ,prison ,discipl9e & ,philan?ropy4 ,,an ,,inquiry ,,into ,,! ,,alleg$ ,,t5d5cy ,,( ,,! ,,sep>ation ,,( ,,convicts1 ,,"o ,,f ,,! ,,o!r1 ,,to ,,produce ,,disease ,,& ,,d]angem5t4 ,,by ,a ,,citiz5 ,,( ,,p5nsylvania4 ,philadelphia3 ,e4 ,c4 ,j4 ,biddle4 #ahdi4 ,x is1 z might possibly be anticipat$ f ! resid5ce ( ! au?or1 an elaborate & ard5t def5ce ( ! sep>ate sy/em ( conf9em5t4 ,! *>ge ( its peculi> t5d5cy to induce disease & insanity1 is altoge!r d5i$1 & ! te/imony ( ! successive physicians to ! ,ea/]n ,/ate ,p5it5ti>y1 dur+ a t]m ( ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 goes v satisfactorily to w>rant ! d5ial4 ,! au?or is n1 h[ev]1 incl9$ to re/ at ?is1 b c>ries ! w> into ! enemies' camp4 ,! *apt] entitl$ ,m$ical ,practice1 9 a ,congregate ,prison1 is calculat$ to attract att5tion1 f ! positions laid d[n 9 x1 & _! />tl+ illu/rations1 d$uc$ f ! well kn[n case ( ,abn] ,rog]s4 ,x is n ! "t or ! place = u to ent] on ?is w>mly controv]t$ subject1 & we h notic$ ! "w only on acc\nt ( its be>+ on ! subject ( insanity1 & z =m+ a "p ( its lit]ature4--,am4 ,j\rnal ( ,insanity1 publi%$ by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,new ,york ,lunatic ,asylum1 ,july1 #ahej4 ,s f> z ! lead+ controv]sy1 9 reg>d to ! rival sy/ems ( prison discipl9e1 is conc]n$1 x seems to u to cov] ! entire gr\nd ) s+ul> ability4--,pr9ceton ,review4 ,a few copies ( ?is pamphlet are /ill on h&1 & may be _h on application to ! publi%]s1 corn] ( ,fif? & ,m9or /reets1 or to any memb] ( ! ,act+ ,committee4 ,,(fic]s ,,= #aheb-c4 ,,presid5t--,james ,j4 ,b>clay4 ,,vice-,,presid5ts--,t[ns5d ,%>pless1 ,*>les ,b4 ,trego4 ,,treasur]--,edw>d ,y>nall4 ,,secret>ies ,,& ,,committee ,,( ,,correspond5ce-- ,william ,p>k] ,f\lke1 ,edw>d ,t[ns5d4 ,,c\nsellors4 ,job ,r4 ,tyson1 ,g>rick ,mall]y4 ,,act+ ,,committee4 ,james ,j4 ,b>clay1 ,t[ns5d ,%>pless1 ,*>les ,b4 ,trego1 ,edw>d ,y>nall1 ,william ,p>k] ,f\lke1 ,edw>d ,t[ns5d1 ,job ,r4 ,tyson1 ,g>rick ,mall]y1 ,f4 ,a4 ,pack>d1 ,j]emiah ,hack]1 ,william ,%ipp51 ,*>les ,ellis1 ,a4 ,t4 ,*ur1 ,morris ,wick]%am1 ,m4 ,w4 ,baldw91 ,m>k ,bald]/on1 ,jo%ua ,l4 ,baily1 ,?omas ,latim]1 ,jo%4 ,t4 ,jeanes1 ,john ,m4 ,we!rill1 ,horatio ,c4 ,wood1 ,john ,lipp9cott1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 ,h5ry ,m4 ,zollick(f]1 ,william ,s4 ,p]ot1 ,b5jam9 ,j4 ,crew1 ,isaac ,g4 ,turn]1 ,william ,u4 ,ditzl]4 ,qu>t]ly ,meet+ ( ! ,society1 #bnd second day 7,monday7 ( ,janu>y1 ,april1 ,july & ,octob]4 ,,inspectors ,,( ,,! ,,/ate ,,p5it5ti>y ,,= ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,di/rict ,,( ,,p5nsylvania4 ,john ,bacon1 ,ri*>d ,vaux1 ,hugh ,campbell1 ,s+leton ,a4 ,m]c]1 ,&rew ,mill]4 ,,w>d5--,john ,s4 ,hall[ay4 ,,resid5t ,,physician--,d4 ,w4 ,lassit]1 ,m4 ,d4 ,,moral ,,in/ructor--,?omas ,l>combe4 ,,cl]k--,william ,m>riott4 ,,tea*]--,george ,neff4 ,,visit+ ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,ea/]n ,,p5it5ti>y4 ,t[ns5d ,%>pless1 ,edw>d ,t[ns5d1 ,james ,j4 ,b>clay1 ,a4 ,!odore ,*ur1 ,jo%ua ,j4 ,jeanes1 ,mat?ias ,w4 ,baldw91 ,jo%ua ,l4 ,baily1 ,john ,lipp9cott1 ,john ,j4 ,lytle1 ,horatio ,c4 ,wood1 ,isaac ,g4 ,turn]1 ,b5jam9 ,j4 ,crew4 ,,inspectors ,,& ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,c\nty ,,prison4 ,,presid5t4--,jesse ,r4 ,burd51 ,m4 ,d41 ,,treasur]4--,t4 ,c4 ,bunt+4 ,m4 ,d41 ,,secret>y4--,e4 ,a4 ,p5niman1 ,edw>d ,c4 ,dale1 ,samuel ,palm]1 ,rob]t ,o',neill1 ,hugh ,o',donnell1 ,?omas ,e4 ,cr[ell1 ,godfrey ,metzg]1 ,*>les ,t4 ,jones1 ,joseph ,k4 ,h[ell1 ,jo%ua ,s4 ,flet*]1 ,william ,elliott1 ,samuel ,mc,manemy1 ,john ,t4 ,smi?4 ,,sup]9t5d5t4--,an?ony ,fre$4 ,,deputy ,,sup]9t5d5ts4--,william ,b4 ,p]k9s1 ,john ,mirkil4 ,,cl]k4--,wm4 ,j4 ,crans4 ,,matron4--,e4 ,mc,daniel4 ,,physician4--,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,wall4 ,,moral ,,in/ructor4--,rev4 ,wm4 ,alex&]4 ,,assi/ant ,,keep]s--,c4 ,/ag]s1 ,william ,%>p1 ,h4 ,c4 ,snyd]1 ,alex&] ,campbell1 ,f4 ,laird1 ,j4 ,b4 ,ha9es1 ,a4 ,morrison1 ,alex&] ,burd51 ,j4 ,watt1 ,g4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,william ,mc,grath4 ,,visit+ ,,committee ,,on ,,! ,,c\nty ,,prison4 ,william ,s4 ,p]ot1 ,dr4 ,william ,%ipp51 ,j]emiah ,hack]1 ,h4 ,m4 ,zollick(f]1 ,?omas ,latim]1 ,paul ,t4 ,jones1 ,morris ,s4 ,wick]%am1 ,john ,m4 ,we!rill1 ,*>les ,ellis1 ,b4 ,b4 ,comegys1 ,william ,u4 ,ditzl]4 ,transcrib]s' ,notes4 ,italics are r5d]$ betwe5 und]scores2 e4g4 ,pr9ceton ,review44 ,small caps are r5d]$ 9 ,,all ,,caps4 ,a p>agraph1 :i* 0 split betwe5 ! second page ( ! cov] & ! ?ird page ( ! cov] 7inside front & inside back71 0 jo9$ toge!r on ! second page4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird page ( ! cov] 0 m>k$ ) a notation betwe5 curly brackets 7 ,?ird page ( cov]4 74 ,! table 9 ,article ,,iv 0 split into two tables to bett] fit on ! page4 ,! foll[+ table %[s *anges made by ! transcrib]4 ,page ref]s to ! ord9al numb] ( ! pr9t$ page = ?is issue4 ,page #b is ! inside front cov]4 ,page #h is ! eigh? page 9 ?is issue 7:i* 0 numb]$ #eh = ! ye>74 ,page #bj is ! tw5tie? page 9 ?is issue 7:i* 0 numb]$ #gj71 & s on4 ,page #fj is ! outside back cov]4 -------------------------------------- ,*ange table ------------------------------------ ,page orig9al *ang$ to ------------------------------------ #b expresse express$ #h !re _! #bj sub/ract$ subtract$ #bd attractions2 attractions2 #bf mismangem5t mismanagem5t #bf impunity4 impunity4 #cb viz viz4 #cd seasonable reasonable #ci homocidal homicidal #de consid]$4 consid]$4 #de ye>s6 ye>s6 #df ,,viii ,,viii4 #dg ,un==tunately ,un=tunately #ee viz viz4 #ef ,,t --,,t #eg ,,t --,,t #fj ,matron ,matron4 #fj ,wick]%am ,wick]%am1 ------------------------------------