,transcrib]'s note3  ,?is text is d]iv$ 
f                                       
ar*ive4org_//ream_/ca?olicworld#jfpaulu(
t_/ca?olicworld#jfpaulu(tdjvu4txt       
,page numb]s are %[n 9 curly braces1 su*
 z #abc4 ,!y h be5    mov$ to ! ne>e/   
s5t5ce break4      i    ,! ,ca?olic ,_w4
    ,a ,mon?ly ,magaz9e    ,(    ,g5]al 
,lit]ature ,& ,sci5ce      ,,vol4 ,,vi4 
,octob]1 #ahfg1 ,to ,m>*1 #ahfh4        
,new ,york3  ,! ,ca?olic ,publication   
,h\se1  #abf ,nassau ,/reet4  #ahfh4    
ii        ,john ,a4 ,gray  ,gre51       
,pr9t]s1  #af ,& #ah ,jacob ,/reet1 ,new
 ,york4      iii    ,cont5ts4    ,a     
,royal ,nun1 #ajf4  ,aime's ,sacrifice1 
#aef4  ,a ,w+$ ,^w1 #beg4    ,ba%]'s    
,sacrifice1 & :at came ( x1 #abd4       
,baby1 #bbg4  ,bell9i's ,romance1 #djh4 
,be?lehem3 ,a ,pilgrimage1 #dfb4        
,bunyan1 ,john1 & ,plagi>ism1 #ece4     
,b>toleme ,las ,casas1 #hbi4    ,*ri/ian
 ,s*ools & ,s*ol>s1 #dd4  ,c>lyle's     
,%oot+ ,niag>a1 #hf4  ,c>tesian ,d\bt1  
,!1 #bcd4  ,compos]'s ,difficulty1 ,!1  

#bea4  ,*ri/ianity 9 ,france1 ,pres5t   
,condition (1 #bge1 #cfj4  ,ca?olic     
,congress at ,mal9es1 ,! ,?ird1 #bhi4   
,conscript1 ! ,/ory (1 #caj1 #dda1 #fjg1
 #gcb4  ,cornelius1 ,pet]1 ! ,ma/] (    
,g]man ,pa9t+1 #cia4  ,com$y (          
,convocation1 ,!1 #eed4  ,ca?olic       
,congress ( ,mal9es1 ,bi%op ,dupanl\p's 
,spee* at1 #ehg4  ,c\ture's ,book1 #fec4
  ,canada ,?i/les1 #gba4  ,compos]s1 ,! 
,rival1 #geh4  ,*ur* & h] ,attributes1  
,!1 #ghh4    ,d\ble ,m>riage1 ,!1 #ggf4 
,fai? & ! ,sci5ces1 #ccj4  ,=get ,me ,n1
 #fci4    ,indians1 ,:at %all we d ) !1 
#djc4  ,iri% 9 ,am]ica1 ,!1 #gfe4       
,italy1 ,affairs 91 #had4    ,jesuits 9 
,nor? ,am]ica1 ,!1 #aib4  ,ju/ification1
 ,! ,ca?olic ,doctr9e (1 #dcc4  ,joseph 
,grres1 #dig4    ,k+s ( ,engl&1 ,!      
,title (1 #beg4    ,le>n$ ,wom5 &       
,/udi\s ,wom51 #bd1 #bji4  ,labor ,"q1  
,!1 #dgb4  ,libr>ies--,family1 ,p>i%1 & 
,sunday-,s*ool1 #edf4  ,lacordaire1     
,inn] ,life (1 #fhi4    ,manag]'s       
,dilemma1 ,!1 #bj4  ,m>tyrs ( ,gorcum1  

,!1 #ga4  ,mead[brook ,adv5ture1 ,my1   
#cdf4  ,magas2 or1 ,long ,ago1 #fff1    
#hjd4  ,miscellany1 #gji4  ,nature &    
,grace1 #eji4    ,our ,boy ,organi/1    
#fd4  ,old ,guide to ,good ,mann]s1 ,an1
 #ih4  ,old ,religion1 ,!1 #fbb4  ,old  
,roman ,_w1 ,!1 #gea4    ,prote/ants1 ,a
 ,few ,?\ghts ab\t1 #acb4  ,p>is        
,impi\s--& ,religi\s ,p>is1 #egg4       
,philosophy n always ,va91 #fhj4  ,p>is1
 ,! ,pre-,hi/orical ,congress (1 #gjc4  
,rome & ! ,_w1 #a4  ,ritualism & its    
,true ,mean+1 #cge4  ,reign ( ,law1 ,!1 
#eie4    ,say+s ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,des]t1  
#ib1 #aga1 #dba1 #gjj1 #hea4            
,subjective 9 ,religion1 ,function ( !1 
#age4  ,/age-,coa*1 ,! ,inside (1 #dab4 
,s&al ( ,8 ,hol9ess1 ,! ,c]emonial1     
#dga4  ,sacrifice & ! ,ransom1 ,!1 #dhe4
    ,temporal ,p[] ( ! ,popes1 ,!1 #ebh4
  ,! ,pre-,hi/orical ,congress ( ,p>is1 
#gjc4    ,wom51 ,le>n$ & ,/udi\s1 #bd1  
#bji4  ,wa%+ton1 ,unpubli%$ ,lett]s (1  
#ade4  ,:at ,doctor ,m>ks di$ (1 #hbd4  
------    ,poetry4    ,all ,s\ls' ,day1 

#agb4  ,abscondita1 #gca4    ,beati     
,mites1 ,quoniam ,ipse ,possidebunt     
,t]ram1 #fjf4    ,div9e ,load/one1 ,!1  
#geg4    ,9 ,memoriam1 #dc4  ,imog51    
#aij4    ,joy & ,grief1 #ceh4    ,love (
 ! ,p>don$1 ,!1 #hbc4    ,mat] ,filii1  
#dhd4  ,mat91 #ebg4    ,our ,lady1 #fb4 
,p] ,liquidum ,a,ethera ,vates1 #cbg4   
,provid5ce1 #gja4    ,ran ,away to ,sea1
 #ajc4    ,sev5ty-,?ree1 #bff4  ,sev5   
,sleep]s1 ,! ,leg5d ( !1 #edd4  ,sub    
,umbra1 #fch4    ,) ,*ri/1 #ai4         
------    iv    ,new ,publications4     
,an]'s ,return1 #dcj4  ,alexis1 !       
,runaway1 #ege4    ,battle-,fields (    
,irel&1 ,!1 #bhh4  ,bless$ ,m>g>et ,m>y1
 ,hi/ory (1 #bhg4  ,bohemians ( !       
,fifte5? ,c5tury1 #add4  ,break+ ,away1 
#ege4  ,bless$ ,eu*>i/1 ,!1 #hei4       
,cl]gy & ! ,pulpit1 #aci4  ,ca?olic     
,crusoe1 #dcj4  ,climb+ ! ,rope1 #ege4  
,*ildhood1 ,happy ,h\rs (1 #egf4  ,coral
 ,isl&1 ,!1 #gag4  ,ca?olic ,poets1     
,selections f1 #gah4  ,claudia1 #gai4   
,com$y ( ,convocation1 ,!1 #gai4        

,ca?olic ,almanac1 #gbj4  ,cromwellian  
,settlem5t ( ,irel&1 ,!1 #hei4    ,day's
 ,syn!sis & ,art ( ,disc\rse1 #dbe4     
,dotty ,dimple1 #egf4  ,daught] ( an    
,empress1 ,!1 #gac    ,essays on        
,religion & ,lit]ature1 #ada4  ,extracts
 f ! ,fa!rs1 #add4    ,fr\de's ,%ort    
,/udies on ,great ,subjects1 #dbh4      
,folks & ,fairies1 #hfj4    ,gal9 ,me?od
 ( ,musical ,in/ruction1 ,!1 #dcj4      
,gold5 ,tru?s1 #gaf4    ,heiress (      
,killorgan1 ,!1 #dcb4  ,haldeman's      
,affixes1 _! ,orig9 & ,application1     
#dcb4  ,holy ,k+s1 ,! ,?ree1 #egc4      
,hildeb]t1 ,! ,hymn (1 #egd4  ,holly &  
,mi/letoe1 #egf4  ,home ,fairy ,tales1  
#hfj4    ,iri% ,re=mation1 ,dr4 ,brady  
on !1 #ega4  ,irel&1 an ,illu/rat$      
,hi/ory (1 #hee4  ,irel&1 ,leg5ds ( !   
,w>s 91 #heh4    ,katr9a1 ,holl&'s1     
#bhe4    ,lacorclaire's ,lett]s to ,"y  
,m51 #add4  ,life ( ,/4 ,aloysius       
,gonzaga1 ,!1 #bhh4  ,little ,pet       
,books1 #bhh4  ,life ( ,curran &        
,grattan1 ,!1 #egf4  ,layman's ,brevi>y1

 ,!1 #gag4  ,lov]s' ,diction>y1 #hfj4   
,mod]n ,hi/ory1 ,fr$et's & ,ke>ney's1   
#add1  ,m$itations ( ,/4 ,?omas1 #dca4  
,my ,prisons1 #ege4  ,m>ie ,anto9ette & 
h] ,son1 #gac4  ,morgan ,rattl]1 #gag4  
,manual ( ,physical ,ex]cises1 #hfj4    
,napoleon & ,que5 ( ,prussia1 #gac4     
,newman's ,v]ses on ,v>i\s ,occasions1  
#heh4    ,pre/on's ,lectures on ,reason 
& ,revelation1 #gaj4  ,poems1 #gaa4     
,que5s ( ,am]ican ,society1 ,!1 #gai4   
,recami]1 ,madame1 ,life (1 #dcj4  ,rome
 & ! ,popes1 #gah4    ,swet*9e1 ,madame1
 ,life (1 #dbi4  ,sa9t ,ignatius & !    
,society ( ,jesus1 #dca4  ,sa9t         
,gw5dol9e1 ,ye ,leg5d (1 #egc4  ,%amrock
 & ,?i/le1 #egd4  ,sa9t ,v9c5t de ,paul1
 ,! ,_s (1 #gah4  ,sa9t ,francis (      
,assisi1 ,life (1 #gah4  ,seek & ,f9d1  
#gbj4  ,/rickl&'s ,que5s ( ,engl&1 #hfj4
    ,two ,?\s& ,miles on ,horseback1    
#gae4  ,tommy ,hickup1 #gbj4    ,ub]to1 
#bhf4  ,ungava1 #gag4    ,vot>y1 ,!1    
#bhf4    ,:itney on ,language & ! ,/udy 
( ,language1 #dbc4  ,wom51 ,! ,fri5d%ips

 (1 #heb4    ,"y ,fur ,trad]s1 ,!1 #gag4
    ------    #a    ,! ,ca?olic ,_w     
,vol4 ,vi41 ,no4 #ca4--,octob]1 #ahfg4  
------        ,rome ,& ,! ,_w4      ,"u 
! head ,rome or ,reason we %[$ 9 ,,!    
,,ca?olic  ,,_w = la/ mon? t ,ca?olicity
 is bas$ on reality1 & is  ! syn!sis1 s 
to speak1 ( ,creator & creature1 ( ,god 
&  man1 ( heav5 & e>?1 nature & grace1  
fai? & reason1  au?ority & lib]ty1      
revelation & sci5ce1 & t !re is  9 !    
real ord] no antagonism betwe5 ! two    
t]ms or  categories4 ,! suppos$         
antagonism results f n  und]/&+ ! real  
nexus t unites !m 9 "o dialectic  :ole1 
& =ms ! gr\nd ( _! mutual conciliation &
  peace1 express$ 9 ! old s5se ( ! ^w   
atonem5t4    ,*ri/ianity is sup]natural1
 inde$1 b x is n an  aft]-?\ght1 or an  
anomaly 9 ! orig9al plan ( creation4    
,our ,"l 0 ! ,lamb sla9 f ! f\ndation ( 
! _w2 !  ,inc>nation is includ$ 9       
creation z its completion or  fulfilm5t2
 & h5ce _m !ologians hold t1 ev5 if man 
_h  n s9n$1 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate1

 n1 inde$1 to  r$eem man f s9 & dea? :i*
 comes by s91 b to ennoble  8 nature1 & 
to enable him to atta9 to t sup]natural 
union ) ,god 9 :i* alone he f9ds or c   
f9d 8 supreme  good or p]fect beatitude4
 ,*ri/ianity1 :e!r ?is be s or  n1 mu/  
always be reg>d$ z teleological1 !      
religion ( !  end--n accid5tally s1 b   
made s 9 ! orig9al plan ( !  ,creator4  
,x ent]s dialectically1 n arbitr>ily1   
into t  plan1 & really completes x4 ,9  
?is view ( ! case !  ,creator's works f 
fir/ to la/ are dialectical1 & !re is  &
 c be no contradiction 9 !m2 no         
discrepancy betwe5 !  natural &         
sup]natural1 betwe5 fai? & reason1      
nature &  grace1 ! beg9n+1 m$ium1 & end1
 b all =m integral  p>ts ( "o           
indissoluble :ole4    ,b1 if !re is & c 
be no antagonism betwe5 ,rome &         
,reason1 !re c]ta9ly is an antagonism   
betwe5 ,rome & !  ,_w1 :i* mu/ n be     
ov]look$ or c\nt$ = no?+1 &  :i* w1 9 "s
 =m1 mo/ likely1 subsi/ z long z !  _w  
/&s4 ,rome symbolizes = u ! ca?olic     

religion1 or  ! div9e ord]1 :i* is ! law
 ( life4  #b  ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 its   
pres5t /ate dates only f !  ,inc>nation1
 out ( :i* x gr[s1 & ( :i* x is 9 "s    
sort ! visible cont9uation2 b ! ,ca?olic
 religion1 z !  fai?1 z ! law ( life1   
dates f ! beg9n+4 ,! j  be=e ! com+ (   
,*ri/ 7 j on ! same pr9ciples1 by  !    
same fai?1 & by ob$i5ce to ! same div9e 
law1 or  con=mity to ! same div9e ord]1 
t !y are n[1 & w  be to ! end2 & h5ce ! 
dei/ ,t9dal express$ a tru? :i*  he 0 f>
 f compreh5d+ :5 he ass]t$ t ,*ri/ianity
  is z old z ! _w4 ,t9dal's great error 
0 9  und]/&+ by ,*ri/ianity only !      
natural law promulgat$  ?r\gh natural   
reason1 & 9 d5y+ ! sup]natural4         
,*ri/ianity is t & m too4 ,x includes1 &
 f !  fir/ has includ$1 9 _! syn!sis1   
bo? ! natural & !  sup]natural4 ,! human
 race has nev] _h b "o true or real     
religion1 b "o revelation1 :i*1 z ,/4   
,?omas tea*es1 0  made 9 sub/ance to our
 fir/ p>5ts 9 ! g>d54 ,times  *ange1    
says ,/4 ,augu/9e1 b fai? *anges n4 ,z  

believ$  ! fa!rs--! patri>*s--s believe 
we1 only !y believ$ 9  a ,*ri/ to come1 
& we 9 a ,*ri/ t has come4 ,prior to !  
actual com+ ( ,*ri/ ! ,*ur* exi/$1 b 9 a
 /ate (  promise1 & ne$$ 8 actual com+  
to be p]fect$1 or  fulfill$1 z ,/4 ,paul
 tea*es u 9 8 epi/le to ! ,hebrews2  &  
h5ce none :o di$ be=e ! ,inc>nation     
actually ent]$  heav5 till aft] !       
passion ( our ,"l4    ,n[1 to ?is div9e 
ord]1 ?is div9e law1 ?is ca?olic fai?  &
 wor%ip symboliz$ to u by ,rome1 !      
visible c5tre ( its  unity & au?ority1  
/&s oppos$ ano!r ord]1 n ( life1  b (   
dea?1 call$ ! _w1 orig9at+ ) our fir/   
p>5ts1 & 9 _! disob$i5ce to ! div9e law1
 or  violation ( ! div9e ord] e/abli%$  
by ! ,creator1  con=mity to :i* 0       
ess5tial to ! moral life &  p]fection ( 
! creature1 or fulfilm5t ( ! promise    
giv5  man 9 creation4 ,! ord] violat$ 0 
f\nd$ 9 ! et]nal  wisdom & goodness ( ! 
,creator1 & ! relations :i*  necess>ily 
subsi/ betwe5 ,god z creator & man z 8  
creature1 ! "w ( 8 h&s4 ,!re is & c be =

 man no  o!r law ( life2 ev5 ,god       
himself c e/abli% no o!r4 ,by  ob$i5ce  
to ! law giv5 or con=mity to ! ord]     
e/abli%$  man is normally develop$1     
lives a true normal life1 & atta9s  to 8
 appo9t$ end1 :i* is ! completion ( 8   
be+ 9  ,god1 8 beatitude or supreme     
good4 ,b ,satan tempt$ our fir/  p>5ts  
to dep>t f ?is ord] & to transgress !   
div9e  law1 & 9 _! transgression ( ! law
 !y fell into s91  & f\nd$ :at we call !
 _w--n on ! law ( life1 b  on :at is    
necess>ily ! law ( dea?4    ,! pr9ciple 
( ! _w may be collect$ f ! words ( !    
,tempt] to ,eve3 ,ye %all n surely die1 
b %all be z gods1  kn[+ good & evil4 ,^!
 words d5y ! law ( ,god1 decl>e  x      
false1 & promise to m5 indep5d5ce ( _!  
,creator1 &  ! ability to be _! own     
ma/]s1 _! own tea*]s &  guides4 ,ye %all
 be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil2 t is1     
det]m9+ = y\rselves1 indep5d5tly ( any  
sup]ior1 :at  is "r or wrong1 good or   
evil1 or :at is or is n fitt+ =  y to d4
 ,y %all suffice = y\rselves1 & be y\r  

own law4  ,h5ce1 z ! basis ( ,rome is ! 
ass]tion ( ! div9e law1  con=mity to !  
div9e ord]1 or submission to ! div9e    
reason & w1 t is1 humility1 ! basis ( ! 
_w is !  d5ial ( ! div9e ord]1 !        
rejection ( ! law ( life &  ! ass]tion (
 ! suffici5cy ( man = himself1 t is1    
simply1 pride4  #c  ,rome is bas$ on    
humility1 ! _w on pride2 ! _s ( ,rome   
is loyalty & ob$i5ce1 ! _s ( ! _w is    
disloyalty  & disob$i5ce1 always &      
ev]y:]e ! _s ( revolt or  rebellion4    
,betwe5 ^! two spirits !re is necess>ily
 an  inde/ructible antagonism1 & no     
possible reconciliation4    ,! radical  
diff]5ce betwe5 ,rome & ! _w is !       
radical  diff]5ce betwe5 ! humility ( ! 
,*ri/ian & ! pride (  ! ,/oic4 ,all     
,*ri/ian piety & virtue are bas$ on     
humility2  ! piety & virtue ( ! /oic are
 bas$ on pride4 ,!  ,*ri/ian is always  
deeply impress$ ) ! greatness &         
goodness ( ,god2 ! /oic ) ! greatness & 
/r5g? (  himself4 ,! ,*ri/ian submits to
 crosses & disappo9tm5ts1 to  ! suff]+s 

& afflictions ( life1 because he loves  
,god1 &  is will+ to suff] any?+ = 8    
sake2 ! /oic endures  !m )\t a murmur1  
because he disda9s to compla91 & holds  
t he is1 & %\ld be1 sup]ior to all !    
vicissitudes &  calamities ( life4 ,!   
,*ri/ian weeps z 8 ,ma/] wept at !      
grave ( ,laz>us1 & f9ds relief 9 8 te>s2
 ! /oic is too  pr\d to weep2 he wraps  
himself 9 8 own dignity &               
self-importance1 &1 :5 8 calamities are 
great] ?an he c  be>1 he seeks relief1 l
 ,cato1 9 suicide1 ?us prov+ 8  weakness
 by ! v means he takes to conceal x4 ,! 
,*ri/ian  ?r[s 8 burd5 on ! ,"l1 & rises
 above x2 ! /oic  insi/s on be>+ x      
himself1 & at la/ s9ks "u x4 ,!  _w     
despises humility1 & tramples on !      
humble4 ,to x !  ,*ri/ian is tame1      
passive1 mean-spirit$1 contemptible4 ,x 
has  no sympa?y ) ! beatitudes1 su* z1  
,bless$ are ! poor 9  _s2 bless$ are !  
pure 9 he>t2 bless$ are ! meek2  bless$ 
are ! peacemak]s4 ,x und]/&s no?+ ( true
  ,*ri/ian h]oism1 or ( ! greatness (   

repose4 ,x sees  /r5g? only 9 ef=t1 :i* 
is always a pro( ( weakness1 &  ! h>d]  
"o /ra9s & tugs to raise a weight1 !    
/rong]  x holds him4 ,we may see x 9 !  
popul> lit]ature ( ! day1  & 9 ne>ly all
 rec5t art4 ,! anci5ts _h a mu* tru]    
?\ght :5 !y sculptur$ _! gods asleep1 & 
spread ov]  _! c\nt5ance an air (       
ineffable repose4 ,! ,scriptures  speak 
( ! mighty works ( ,god1 b repres5t !m z
 !  hid+ ( 8 p[]4 ,all ! great op]ations
 ( nature are  p]=m$ 9 sil5ce1 & ! _w   
notes !m n4 ,!  ,*ri/ian's greatness is 
conceal$ by ! veil ( humility1 &  8     
/r5g? is hidd5 ) ,god4 ,he works 9      
sil5ce1 b )  effect1 because he works ) 
! p[] ( ,him to :om is giv5  all p[] 9  
heav5 & 9 e>?4    ,mr4 ,glad/one ?9ks he
 f9ds 9 ,hom] ! :ole body ( !  patri>*al
 religion1 or ! primitive tradition ( ! 
race1 &  he probably is n mu* mi/ak52 b 
no "o c /udy ,hom]'s  h]oes )\t be+     
/ruck ) ! contra/ !y (f] to !  h]oes ( !
 ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t h]oes  
are z  brave1 z d>+1 & z effective z ^? 

( ,hom]2 b !y  conceal _! own           
p]sonality1 !y g =? to battle 9         
submission to ! div9e comm&1 n seek+ to 
display _!  own skill or pr[ess1 & !    
glory ( _! a*ievem5ts !y  ascribe to    
,god1 :o goes ) !m1 assi/s !m1 fights = 
!m1 & gives ! victory4 ,:at is manife/  
is ! pres5ce &  greatness ( ,god1 n !   
greatness & /r5g? ( ! h]o1 :o  is no?+ 9
 himself4 ,9 ,hom] ! case is rev]s$1 &  
:at  /rikes ! read] is ! littl5ess (    
,god & ! greatness (  m54  #d  ,! gods &
 goddesses take "p 9 ! fray1 x is true1 
b  !y are h>dly ! equals ( ! human      
w>riors !mselves4 ,a  human spe> w\nds  
,v5us1 & s5ds ,m>s h[l+ f ! field4  ,x  
is human greatness & /r5g?1 human pr[ess
 & h]oism1  )\t any ref]5ce to ,god1 to 
:om belongs ! glory1 t !  poet s+s1 !   
creature reg>d$ z indep5d5t ( !         
,creator4  ,9 read+ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 y  
lose sight ( ! glory ( m5  9 ! glory (  
,god2 9 read+ ,hom]1 y lose sight ( !   
glory ( ,god 9 ! glory ( m54 ,abraham1  
,jo%ua1 ,gideon1  ,jeph?a1 ,david1 !    

,maccabees fight z ! s]vants ( ! ,mo/   
,high2 ,agamemnon1 ,ajax1 ,diom$1       
,a*illes1 ev5 ,hector1 to display  _!   
own p[]1 & to prove ! /uff t is 9 !m4   
,p]haps no au?or1 anci5t or mod]n1 has s
 completely embodi$  9 8 writ+s1 ! _s ( 
! _w1 ! ,welt-,gei/1 z !  ,g]mans say1 z
 ,?omas ,c>lyle4 ,?is writ] may h done  
"s  s]vice to society 9 expos+ _m cants1
 9 demoli%+  num]\s %ams1 & 9 call+     
att5tion to ! et]nal v]ities1  ( :i* few
 m5 are m ignorant2 b he has deifi$ =ce1
 &  consecrat$ ! wor%ip ( might 9 !     
place ( "r4 ,inde$1  = him1 "r is cant1 
& !re is no "r b might4 ,he  spurns     
humility1 submission1 ob$i5ce1 &        
recognizes ,god only  9 human ability4  
,8 h]o-wor%ip is ! wor%ip ( ! /rong  & !
 successful4 ,ability1 h[ev] direct$ or 
:]ev]  display$1 is 8 div9ity4 ,8 h]oes 
are ,wod5 & ,?or1  ,cromwell1 ,fr$]ick !
 ,great1 ,mirabeau1 ,danton1 ,napoleon  
,bonap>te4 ,! m5 :o g /raight to _!     
object1 :e!r good  or bad1 & use ! means
 necess>y to ga9 x1 :e!r "r or  wrong1  

are = him ! div9e m51 & ! only ?+ he    
c5sures  is weakness1 :e!r caus$ by     
indecision or scruples (  consci5ce4 ,8 
h]o is an elem5tal =ce1 :o acts z !     
lightn+ t rives ! oak1 or ! w9ds t fill 
! sails  & drive ! %ip to its port4     
,old-fa%ion$ morality1 :i*  requires a  
man to seek j ends by j means1 is ) him 
a  cant1 a %am1 an unreality1 & ! true  
h]o makes away ) x1  & is 8 own end1 8  
own law1 8 own means4 ,he is n  gov]n$1 
he gov]ns1 & is ! real be+1 ! real ,god2
 all  else belong to ! unv]acities1 are 
m]e simulacra1 ^: end is  to vani% 9 ?9 
air1 to disappe> 9 ! inane4 ,! man :o   
recognizes a p[] above him1 a "r        
indep5d5t ( him1 & 9  submission to !   
div9e law1 & f love ( tru? & ju/ice1    
w$s himself to :at is comm&$1 esp\ses ! 
"r & adh]es  to x ?r\gh good report &   
evil report1 takes up ! cause (  !      
oppress$1 ! wrong$ & outrag$1 ! poor1 ! 
fri5dless1 & ! d[n-trodd51 & works = x1 
gives 8  s\l to x1 & sacrifices 8 "t1 8 
labor1 & 8 v life  to advance x1 :5 he  

has no man ) him1 & all ! _w  unhe$s1   
je]s1 or ?w>ts him1 is unh]oic1 & has no
 moral  gr&eur 9 him1 has no            
virtue--unless he succe$s4 ,he is a h]o 
only :5 he c>ries ! _w ) him1 b5ds !    
multitude to  8 purpose1 & comes out    
triumphant4 ,! unsuccessful are  always 
wrong2 lo/ causes are always bad causes2
 & !  un=tunate are unv]aci\s1 & des]ve 
_! fate4 ,! good man  /ruggl+ ) fate1 & 
hold+ fa/ to 8 integrity 9 !  mid/ ( !  
sore/ trials & temptations1 & ov]borne 9
 all  ?+s save 8 unconqu]able devotion  
to duty1 is no h]o1 &  des]ves no honor1
 ?\gh ev5 ! anci5ts ?\ght su* a man     
wor?y ( ! admiration ( gods & m54  #e   
,c>lyle =gets t !re is an h]eaft]1 & t  
:at to our  dim vision may seem to be   
failure "h may !re be se5 to h  be5 !   
mo/ em95t success4 ,! ,*ri/ians conqu]$ 
!  _w1 n by slay+1 b by be+ sla91 & !   
race has be5  r$eem$ by ! ,cross4       
,inde$1 pride is always a pro( (        
meanness & weakness1 is an unv]acity2 = 
x is born ( a lie1  & re/s on a lie3 all

 real magnanimity & /r5g? = m5  spr+ f  
humility1 :i* is n a falsehood1 b a     
v]acity2  = x is con=mity to ! tru? (   
?+s4    ,! pr9ciple ( opposition to !   
*ur* is always &  ev]y:]e ! same1       
inv>iable 9 "t & place z ! *ur*  h]self1
 & has a c]ta9 consi/5cy1 a c]ta9 logic 
( its  own2 b x v>ies its =m f age to   
age & f nation to  nation1 & is enrag$  
at ! *ur* because %e does n v>y  ) x4 ,x
 is always at bottom1 :atev] its =m1 !  
assumption t ! creature does or may     
suffice = itself3 ,ye  %all n surely    
die1 b %all be z gods1 kn[+ good &      
evil4 ,?is primitive falsehood1 ?is     
satanic lie1 und]lies all  ! ho/ility ( 
! _w to ! *ur*1 or ( ! _w to  ,rome4    
,analyze :at is call$ ! _w1 & y w f9d t 
x  is only a p]petual ef=t or s]ies (   
ef=ts to realize !  promise made by !   
s]p5t to ,eve 9 ! g>d51 :5 coil$  r\nd !
 tree ( k4 ,! _w labors to exalt !      
dignity & glory ( man1 n z a creature   
dep5d5t = 8  exi/5ce1 = all he is or c  
be1 on ! ,creator1 :i* w\ld  be j &     

prop]1 b z an indep5d5t1 self-act+1 &   
self-det]m9+ be+1 acc\ntable1           
individually or socially1  only to      
himself = 8 ?\ghts1 words1 &            
de$s--subject to no  law b 8 own w1     
appetites1 passions1 natural            
prop5sities1  & t5d5cies4 ,he is himself
 8 own law1 8 own ma/]1 &  %\ld be free 
f all re/ra9t & all control n 9 himself4
    ,x is easy1 !re=e1 to und]/& :y1 ) !
 _w & )  m5 fill$ ) ! _s ( ! _w1 ,rome  
is held to be !  symbol ( despotism1 & !
 *ur* to be inh]5tly &  necess>ily      
ho/ile to ! fre$om ( ?\ght & to all     
civil  & religi\s lib]ty4 ,! _w und]/&s 
by lib]ty  indep5d5ce ( action1 & !re=e 
exemption f all  obligation ( ob$i5ce1  
or subjection to any law1 n             
self-impos$4 ,x holds ! free man to be  
"o :o is "u no  control1 subject to no  
re/ra9t1 & responsible to no w b  8 own4
 ,?is is its view ( lib]ty1 &           
consequ5tly :atev]  re/ricts lib]ty 9   
?is s5se1 & places man "u a law :i*  he 
is b\nd to recognize & obey1 is 9 its   

vocabul>y  despotism1 oppos$ to ! rights
 ( man1 ! rights ( ! m9d1  ! rights (   
society1 or ! fre$om & indep5d5ce ( !   
secul> ord]4 ,lib]ty 9 ?is broad &      
univ]sal s5se  obvi\sly _c be ! "r or   
pr]ogative ( any creature1 =  ! creature
 necess>ily dep5ds = all he is or has on
 !  creator4 ,h5ce ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 :o     
ma9ta9$ t prop]ty is  robb]y1 ) a rigid 
logic t has h>dly be5 appreciat$1       
ass]ts t ! exi/5ce ( ,god is            
incompatible ) !  ass]tion ( ! lib]ty ( 
man4 ,admit1 he says1 ! exi/5ce (  ,god1
 & y mu/ conc$e all ! au?ority claim$ by
 !  ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! f\ndation ( all  
despotism is 9 ! belief  9 ! exi/5ce (  
,god1 & y mu/ d5y1 oblit]ate t  belief1 
be=e y c ass]t & ma9ta9 lib]ty4 ,he 0   
"r1  if we take lib]ty z ! _w takes x4  
,lib]ty1 z ! _w  und]/&s x1 is ! lib]ty 
( a god1 n ( a creature4  #f  ,rome     
ass]ts & ma9ta9s full lib]ty ( man z a  
creature2 b  %e does & mu/ oppose lib]ty
 9 ! broad1 univ]sal s5se (  ! _w2 = h] 
v mission is to ass]t & ma9ta9 !        

supremacy ( ! div9e ord]1 ! au?ority (  
,god ov] all !  works ( 8 h&s1 & alike  
ov] m5 z individuals & z  nations4 ,%e  
ass]ts inde$1 lib]ty 9 its true s5se2 b 
%e1  does & mu/ oppose ! lib]ty ! _w    
dem&s1 ! lib]ty  promis$ by ,satan to   
our fir/ p>5ts1 & :i*1 9 tru?1  %\ld be 
call$ lic5se1 n lib]ty1 & also ^? :o    
/rive  = x z disloyal to ,god1 z rebels 
to _! rightful sov]eign1  *ildr5 (      
disob$i5ce1 w>r+ aga9/1 z ,c>lyle w\ld  
say1  ! v]acities1 ! et]nal v]ities1 !  
tru? ( ?+s1 or  div9e reality4 ,!re is  
no help = x4 ,! *ur* mu/ d s1  or be    
false to h] tru/1 false to h] ,god1     
false to ! div9e  ord]2 =1 let ! _w say 
:at x w1 man is n ,god1 b  ,god's       
creature1 & ,god is sov]eign ,"l &      
proprietor ( !  univ]se1 s9ce he has    
made x1 & ! mak] has ! sov]eign  "r to !
 ?+ made4 ,"h is no room = compromise1 &
 !  /ruggle mu/ cont9ue till ! _w ab&ons
 its false notion  ( lib]ty1 & submits  
to ! div9e gov]nm5t4 ,till !n !  *ur* is
 & mu/ be ! *ur* militant1 & c>ry on !  

w>  aga9/ ! _w1 :atev] %ape x may       
assume4    ,) ! anci5t ,g5tiles ! _w r  
p]v]t$ &  corrupt$ ! tru? ?an absolutely
 reject$ x1 & fell into  idolatry &     
sup]/ition r ?an into absolute a!ism4 ,!
  ,epicureans 71 inde$1 virtually a!i/s1
 b !y nev]  con/itut$ ! great body ( any
 ,g5tile nation4 ,! hea!n  g5]ally      
reta9$ a dim & %ad[y belief 9 ! div9ity1
 ev5  9 ! unity ( ,god2 b !y lo/ !      
conception ( him z  creator1 &          
consequ5tly ( man & ! univ]se z 8       
creature4 ,by sub/itut+ 9 _! philosophy 
g5]ation1  emanation1 or =mation =      
creation1 !y obscur$ ! s5se (  man's    
dep5d5ce on ,god z creator1 &           
consequ5tly de/roy$  ! necess>y relation
 betwe5 religion & morality4 ,no moral  
ideas ent]$ into _! wor%ip1 & !y        
wor%ipp$ ! gods to  :om !y erect$       
temples & made (f]+s1 n f a s5se (  duty
 or f ! moral obligation ( ! creature to
 adore 8  ,creator & give himself to    
him1 b f motives ( int]e/1 to  av]t _!  
displeasure1 appease _! wra?1 or to r5d]

 !m  propiti\s to _! und]tak+s1 :e!r    
private ent]prises or  public w> &      
conque/4 ,!y ass]t$ = man & society     
indep5d5ce ( ! div9e ord] z a moral     
ord]4 ,sev]$ f  all moral conceptions1  
_! religion became a degrad$ &  degrad+ 
sup]/ition1 an intol]able burd5 to !    
s\l1 &  _! wor%ip ! embodim5t ( impurity
 & corruption4 ,su* 0  ! effect ( !     
great ,g5tile apo/asy1 or ,g5tile       
attempt to  realize ! fre$om &          
indep5d5ce promis$ by ,satan4 ,!        
promise prov$ a lie4    ,:5 ! *ur* 9 h] 
pres5t /ate 0 e/abli%$1 ! _w  oppos$ h] 
9 ! "n ( ! lib]ty or indep5d5ce ( !     
temporal ord]1 :i* implies z its basis !
 indep5d5ce (  ! creature ( ! creator1 &
 !re=e re/+ on ! same  satanic promise1 
,ye %all be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil4   
,:5 our ,"l 0 br\ght be=e ,pontius      
,pilate1 & ,pilate 0  ab\t to dismiss ! 
*>ges aga9/ him & to let him g1 !  ,jews
 *ang$ 8 purpose by tell+ him1 ,if y let
 ?is man g1  y are no fri5d to ,caes>4  
#g  ,! hea!n p]secutions ( ! ,*ri/ians 7

 pr9cipally on  ! gr\nd t !y 7 disloyal 
to ! empire1 inasmu* z  !y reject$ its  
wor%ip1 & ass]t$ ! imm$iate div9e       
au?ority ( _! religion & its indep5d5ce 
( ! /ate or  civil society1 hold+ firmly
 always & ev]y:]e ! maxim1  ,we mu/ obey
 ,god r ?an m54 ,all d[n ?r\gh !  b>b>\s
 ages t foll[$ ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman     
empire (  ! ,we/1 ?r\gh ! feudal ages1 &
 d[n ev5 to our own  times1 ! /ate has  
claim$ supreme au?ority ov] ! *ur* 9    
reg>d to h] temporal goods & h]         
gov]nm5t1 & has  con/antly s\ght to     
subject h] to ! civil au?ority1 :i* 9   
pr9ciple is ! same ) subject+ ,god to   
man4 ,! _w  repres5t$ by ,caes> has     
con/antly /ruggl$ to subv]t !           
indep5d5ce ( religion1 & to exalt !     
human above !  div9e4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( 
! m$iaeval conte/s betwe5 !  pope & !   
emp]or1 z we h h]et(ore %[n4 ,!re is n  
at ?is day1 unless ,belgium be an       
exception1 a s+le /ate 9  ,europe :]e ! 
temporal p[] leaves religion free &     
indep5d5t1 or :]e ! *ur* has n to       

/ruggle aga9/ !  gov]nm5t to ma9ta9 !   
indep5d5ce ( ! div9e ord] %e  repres5ts4
 ,fidelity to ,god is held to be treason
 to ! /ate1  & h5ce ,elizabe? ( ,engl&  
executes ,ca?olics at ,tyburn z         
traitors4    ,! age boa/s ( progress1 & 
calls ?r\gh all its ?\s&s  ( organs ^u u
 to admire ! m>vell\s progress x has    
made1  & is e h\r mak+4 ,x is "r1 if :at
 x means by  progress really be         
progress4 ,x has c]ta9ly gone fur!r ?an 
any prec$+ age 9 emancipat+ itself f !  
supremacy (  ! law ( ,god1 9 trampl+ on 
! div9e ord]1 & ass]t+  ! supremacy (   
man4 ,x has drawn ! la/ logical         
consequ5ces  conta9$ 9 ! ly+ promise (  
,satan1 ,ye %all be z gods1  kn[+ good &
 evil4 ,!re is no use 9 d5y+ or seek+ to
  disguise x4 ,! _w z oppos$ to ,rome1  
ceases entirely to  reg>d man z a       
creature1 & boldly & unblu%+ly puts him 
9  all respects 9 ! place ( ,god4 ,god1 
:5 n op5ly d5i$ to  exi/1 is d5i$ z     
creator3 he is at mo/ natura  naturans1 
& id5tical ) :at are call$ ! laws (     

nature4 ,hundr$s ( savans are busy ) !  
ef=t to  expla9 ! univ]se )\t recogniz+ 
a creator1 & to prove  t effects may be 
obta9$ )\t causes4 ,sci5ce /ops at      
second causes1 or1 r1 ) ! inve/igation &
  classification ( ph5om5a1 laughs at   
f9al causes1 &1 if x  does n absolutely 
d5y a fir/ cause1 relegates x to !      
region ( ! unkn[able1 & treats x z if x 
7 n4 ,!  advanc$ philosoph]s ( ! age see
 no diff]5ce betwe5 moral  laws &       
physical laws1 betwe5 gratitude &       
gravitation4 ,!  he>t secretes virtue z 
! liv] secretes bile1 & virtue  itself  
consi/s n 9 a volunt>y act ( ob$i5ce1 or
 9  delib]ately act+ = a prescrib$ end1 
b 9 =ce ( nature1  9 foll[+ "o's        
in/9cts1 & act+ out "o's self1 he$less  
( consequ5ces1 & )\t any consid]ation ( 
moral  obligation4 ,tru? is a v>iable   
quantity1 & is "o ?+ )  me & ano!r ) my 
neighbor4 ,!re is no provid5ce1 or      
provid5ce is fate1 & ,god is ! !ological
 "n giv5 to !  =ces ( nature1 especially
 human nature2 !re is no div9ity  b man2

 all wor%ip except t ( humanity is      
idolatry or  sup]/ition2 ! race is      
immortal1 b individuals1 are mortal1  & 
!re is no resurrection ( ! dead4  #h    
,"s1 l ,f\ri] & ,augu/e ,comte1 ev5 d5y 
t ! race is  immortal1 & suppose t 9 "t 
x w disappe> 9 !  inane4    ,b1 )\t go+ 
any fur!r into detail1 we may say       
g5]ally  ! age ass]ts ! complete        
emancipation ( man & 8  in/itutions f   
all intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual    
control  or re/ra9t1 & "u ! "n ( lib]ty 
ass]ts ! complete  & absolute indep5d5ce
 ( man bo? individually &  collectively1
 & "u pret5ce ( democratic fre$om w>s   
aga9/ all au?ority & all gov]nm5t1 :e!r 
political or  ecclesia/ical4 ,x does n l
 to conc$e ev5 ! axioms (  ! ma!matician
 or ! def9itions ( ! geometrician1 &    
sees 9 !m a c]ta9 limitation (          
intellectual fre$om4 ,to ask  x to con=m
 to fix$ & inv>iable pr9ciples1 or to   
insi/  t !re are pr9ciples indep5d5t ( !
 human m9d1 or to  ma9ta9 t tru? is     
indep5d5t ( op9ion1 & t op9ions  are    

true or false z !y d or d n con=m to x1 
is to seek  to trammel free & indep5d5t 
?\ght1 & to outrage :at is  mo/ sacr$ & 
div9e 9 man4 ,! m9d mu/ be free1 & to be
  free x mu/ be free f all obligation to
 seek1 to recognize1  or to con=m to    
tru?4 ,inde$1 !re is no tru? b :at !    
m9d conceives to be su*1 & ! m9d is free
 to abide by its  own conceptions1 = !y 
are ! tru? = x4 ,rome1 9  ass]t+ t tru? 
is indep5d5t ( ! human w1 human         
passions & conceptions1 "o & univ]sal1 &
 always &  ev]y:]e ! same1 & 9 condemn+ 
z error :atev] d5ies  x or does n con=m 
to x1 is a spiritual despotism1 :i*  e j
 & noble pr9ciple ( human nature1 !     
irrepressible  in/9cts ( humanity       
itself1 w>s aga9/1 & resi/s by e  means 
9 its p[]4    ,we h %[n t ! _w1 z oppos$
 to ,rome1 re/s on !  satanic falsehood1
 & ?is conception ( lib]ty1 :i* ,rome   
rejects & w>s aga9/1 has no o!r basis   
?an ! satanic  promise1 ,ye %all be z   
gods1 kn[+ good & evil1 or be y\r  own  
ma/]s z ,god is 8 own ma/]1 & suffice = 

y\rselves  z he suffices = himself4 ,!  
_w is n wrong 9 ass]t+  lib]ty1 b wrong 
9 its def9ition ( lib]ty1 or 9 dem&+  = 
man n ! prop] lib]ty ( ! creature1 b !  
lib]ty  :i* c exi/ only = ! ,creator4   
,by claim+ = man a  lib]ty n possible = 
a dep5d5t creature1 ! _w loses  ! lib]ty
 to :i* x has1 "u ,god1 ! "r1 & falls   
"u ! wor/ ( all tyrannies4 ,lib]ty is a 
"r1 b1 if  !re is no "r1 h[ c y def5d   
lib]ty z a "r8 ,if  lib]ty is n a "r1 no
 wrong is done 9 violat+ x1 &  tyranny  
is z lawful z fre$om4 ,"h is a          
difficulty 9 ! v  outset t ! _w _c get  
ov]4 ,x mu/ ass]t "r1  !re=e ! ord] (   
ju/ice1 be=e x c ass]t its lib]ty  aga9/
 ,rome2 &1 if x does ass]t su* ord]1 x  
conc$es :at  ,rome ma9ta9s1 t lib]ty is 
f\nd$ 9 ! ord] ( ju/ice1  & _c transc5d 
:at is true & j4 ,! _w does n  see t1 9 
d5y+ ! spiritual ord] repres5t$ by      
,rome1 x  d5ies ! v basis ( lib]ty1 &   
all diff]5ce betwe5  lib]ty & despotism1
 because x is only on ! supposition (   
su* ord] t lib]ty c be def5d$ z a "r1 or

 despotism  condemn$ z a wrong4    ,x is
 alleg$ aga9/ ,rome t %e opposes mod]n  
civilization4  ,?is is s or n s1 accord+
 to :at we und]/& by mod]n              
civilization4  #i  ,if we und]/& by     
mod]n civilization ! rejection ( !      
div9e ord]1 ! supremacy ( spiritual     
tru?1 & ! ass]tion  ( ! div9ity &       
indep5d5ce ( man1 ,rome und\bt$ly       
opposes  x1 & mu/ oppose x2 b1 if we    
und]/& by mod]n  civilization !         
melioration ( ! laws1 ! developm5t (    
humane s5tim5ts1 ! p[] acquir$ by ! p 9 
!  managem5t ( _! temporal affairs1 & ! 
mat]ial progress  effect$ by !          
application ( ! tru?s ( sci5ce to !     
indu/rial arts1 ! inv5tion ( !          
/eam-eng9e1 !  /eamboat1 ! railway &    
locomotive1 & ! lightn+  telegraph1 !   
ext5sion ( comm]ce & increas$ facilities
 (  int]national communication1 ?\gh    
probably a great] value is  atta*$ to ^!
 ?+s ?an tru? w>rants1 %e by no means   
opposes or disc\rages mod]n             
civilization4 ,und\bt$ly %e  places     

heav5 above e>?1 & is m int5t on tra9+  
m5 =  et]nal beatitude ?an on promot+   
temporal prosp]ity ( ?is  life4 ,! e>?  
is n our end1 & ri*es are n ! supreme   
good4 ,%e ass]ts a high] ?an worldly    
wisdom1 & holds t  ! begg> has at lea/ z
 good a *ance ( heav5 z ! ri*  man clo!d
 9 f9e l95 & f>+ sumptu\sly e day4 ,%e  
w\ld r see m5 int5t on sav+ _! s\ls ?an 
engross$  ) money-mak+4 ,! exp]i5ce (   
mod]n society proves t  9 ?is %e is "r4 
,we live 9 an indu/rial age1 & nev] 9   
any age ( ! _w did p labor long] or h>d]
 ?an !y  d n[ to obta9 ! means (        
subsi/5ce1 & nev] 0 !  hone/ poor man   
less e/eem$1 weal? m highly honor$1 or  
mammon m dev\tly wor%ipp$2 yet ! *ur*   
nev] opposes  e>?ly well-be+1 & reg>ds x
 ) favor :5 made  subsidi>y to !        
ultimate end ( man4    ,yet c]ta9 words 
h become sacram5tal = ! _w1 & are       
adopt$ by m5 :o w\ld %r9k f ! s5se giv5 
!m by !  m advanc$ lib]als ( ! day2 & ^!
 m5 reg>d ,rome1  :5 condemn+ !m 9 t    
extreme s5se1 z condemn+ mod]n          

civilization itself4 ,we take !         
,encyclical ( ! ,holy ,fa!r1  issu$     
,decemb] #h1 #ahfd4 ,! :ole non-,ca?olic
 _w1 & ev5  "s ,ca?olics1 poorly in=m$ z
 to _! own religion or z to  ! mean+ ( !
 errors condemn$1 reg>d$ t ,encyclical z
  a fulm9ation aga9/ lib]ty & all mod]n 
civilization4 ,nobody  c =get ! outcry  
rais$ ev]y:]e by ! secul> press  aga9/ !
 ,holy ,fa!r1 & :at are call$ !         
retrograde  t5d5cies ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4
 ,! pope1 x 0 said1 has  condemn$ all   
free ?\ght & bo? civil & religi\s       
lib]ty1  ! developm5t ( mod]n society1 &
 all mod]n progress4 ,yet  x is v likely
 t f\r fif?s ( ^? :o jo9$ 9 !  outcry1  
_h !y be5 able to discrim9ate betwe5 :at
 !y  !mselves really mean to def5d "u ! 
names ( lib]ty1  progress1 &            
civilization1 & :at ! m advanc$ lib]als 
hold & seek to propagate1 w\ld h se5 t !
 pope 9  reality condemn$ only ! errors 
:i* !y !mselves condemn1  & ass]t$ only 
:at !y !mselves really hold4 ,he        
condemn$  no?+ :i* is n a simple logical

 d$uction f ! words (  ! ar*-tempt]1 !  
li> f ! beg9n+ & ! fa!r (  lies1        
address$ to our fir/ p>5ts4 ,all !      
errors condemn$ 9  ! ,syllabus are      
errors :i* t5d to d5y or obscure ! div9e
  exi/5ce1 ! fact ( creation1 ! au?ority
 ( ! ,creator1  ! supremacy ( ! div9e or
 spiritual ord]1 to und]m9e all         
religion & morality1 all civil gov]nm5t1
 & ev5 society  itself2 & to r5d] all   
sci5ce1 all lib]ty1 all progress1 &  all
 civilization impossible1 z we h %[n ov]
 & ov] aga9  9 ! pages ( ?is ,magaz9e4  
#aj    ,! numb]s :o embrace 9 _! fulle/ 
ext5t ! extreme views  we h set =?1 ?\gh
 great] ?an x is pleasant to believe1   
are yet n great en\gh to give ( !mselves
 any s]i\s al>m1  & h5ce _m able &      
well-mean+ m5 :o h n ! lea/  sympa?y )  
!m atta* no great importance to !m1 &   
treat  !m ) sup]b contempt2 b !y are 9  
reality only !  advance-gu>d ( a mu*    
l>g] & m =midable body1 :o  m>* "u !    
same drapeau & adopt ! same c\nt]-sign4 
,!  ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]1 ?an :om we c  

h>dly "n an abl]  or m enlight5$ prelate
 9 ! *ur*1 has said truly 9 a  late     
,pa/oral1      ,t ! age ( h]esies is    
pa/4 ,no "o n[ dreams (    revis+ !     
tea*+ ( ! *ur*1 or ( mak+ a new =m (    
,*ri/ianity4 ,= ?is ! age is too        
resolute & consi/5t4    ,fai? or        
unbelief is an intelligible alt]native2 
b betwe5    v>iations & fragm5ts (      
,*ri/ianity m5 h no c>e to    *oose4    
,all or none is cle> & consi/5t2 b m or 
less    is halt+ & undecid$4 ,revelation
 is a p]fect :ole1    p]vad$ ?r\gh\t by 
! v]acity & au?ority ( ,god1 !    ,fa!r1
 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 ,to reject any ( x
 is to reject    ! :ole law ( div9e     
fai?2 to criticise x & to remodel    x  
is to erect ! human reason z judge &    
measure ( !    div9e4 ,& su* is h]esy2  
an intellectual ab]ration :i* 9    ^!   
la/ ages has be5 c>ri$ to its f9al      
analysis1 &    expos$ n only by ! !ology
 ( ! *ur* b by !    common s5se (       
rationalism4 ,we may look = prolific &  
anti*ri/ian errors 9 abundance1 b       

h]esies 9 ,*ri/ianity    are out ( date4
    ,! great body ( ^? outside ( !      
,ca?olic communion1 z  well z "s        
nom9ally 9 x1 b n ( x1 :o are /ill      
atta*$ to ! ,*ri/ian "n1 adopt !        
wat*words ( !  extreme p>ty1 & are t5d+ 
9 ! same direction4 ,mazz9i &  ,g>ibaldi
 are h]oes ) ! mass ( ,engli%m5 &       
,am]icans1  :o wi% !m success 9 _!      
anti-religi\s & anti-social  movem5ts4  
,! univ]sal secul> press1 ! great p[] 9 
mod]n  society1 ) ! :ole sect>ian press1
 has applaud$ !  nef>i\s measures (     
intrigu+ ,italian /atesm51 demagogues1  
& apo/ates by :i* ! ,holy ,fa!r has be5 
/ripp$ ( !  great] "p ( 8 temporal      
possessions1 ! *ur* despoil$ (  h]      
goods1 religi\s h\ses suppress$1 & !    
fre$om &  indep5d5ce ( religion aboli%$ 
?r\gh\t ! ,italian  p59sula4 ,! only    
non-,ca?olic voice we h he>d rais$ 9    
sympa?y ) ! pope is t ( ,guizot1 !      
ex-premi] ( ,l\is  ,philippe4 ,guizot1  
?\gh a ,prote/ant1 sees t ! papacy is   
ess5tial to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & t !     

,ca?olic ,*ur* is  ess5tial to !        
pres]vation ( ,*ri/ian civilization1 !  
ma9t5ance ( society & social ord]4 ,our 
own secul> press1  s l\d 9 its praise ( 
religi\s lib]ty1 applauds ! ,mexican    
,ju>ez = 8 confiscation ( ! goods ( !   
*ur* 9 !  poor1 di/ract$ republic (     
,mexico4 ,! sympa?y ( ! _w1  ( ! age1 is
 ) e movem5t t t5ds to weak5 ! p[]  ( ! 
*ur*1 ! au?ority ( religion1 & ev5 !    
au?ority  ( ! /ate4 ,! t5d5cy ) great   
masses :o believe  !mselves ,*ri/ians1 a
 bl9d t5d5cy x may be1 is to            
no-religion or infidelity1 & to         
no-gov]nm5tism4 ,x is ?is  fact t       
con/itutes ! dang] to be combat$4    ,! 
difficulty ( combat+ x is v great4 ,!   
mass ( !  p are caught by words )\t tak+
 note ( ! mean+  atta*$ to !m4  #aa     
,:]e !y f9d ! consecrat$ t]ms ( fai? &  
piety1 !y  naturally conclude t fai? &  
piety are !re4 ,b to a great  ext5t !   
enemies ( ,*ri/ianity oppose ,*ri/ianity
 "u  ,*ri/ian names4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( 
?is age t infidelity  disguises itself 9

 a ,*ri/ian g>b1 & utt]s its blasphemy 9
  ,*ri/ian phraseology1 its falsehoods 9
 ! language ( tru?4  ,satan disguises   
himself z an angel ( light1 comes z a   
philan?ropi/1 talks ( humanity1 pr(esses
 to be ! *ampion  ( sci5ce1 intellig5ce1
 education1 lib]ty1 progress1 social    
amelioration1 & ! moral1 intellectual1 &
 physical elevation  ( ! poor] & m      
num]\s classes--all good ?+s1 :5        
rightly und]/ood1 & 9 _! "t & place4 ,we
 _c oppose  him )\t seem+ to _m to      
oppose :at is a ,*ri/ian duty4  ,if we  
oppose false intellig5ce1 we are        
imm$iately accus$ (  be+ oppos$ to      
intellig5ce2 if we oppose a corrupt &   
baneful  education1 we are accus$ ( be+ 
9 favor ( popul> ignorance1  & lov]s (  
d>kness2 if we oppose false lib]ty1 or  
lic5se  pres5t$ "u ! "n ( lib]ty1 we are
 *>g$ ) be+  ! enemies ( true fre$om2 if
 we ass]t au?ority1 h[ev]  legitimate or
 necess>y1 !n we are despots & !        
advocates (  despotism4 ,! press op5s   
its cry aga9/ u1 & ! age votes  u       

m$iaeval dream]s1 beh9d ! times1 relics 
( ! pa/1 )  our eyes on ! backside ( our
 heads1 & ! tru? is dr[n$  9 ! floods ( 
indignation or ridicule p\r$ out aga9/  
u4  ,our success w\ld be hopeless1 if we
 c\ld n rely on !  support ( ,him ^:    
cause we seek to ! be/ ( our ability to 
def5d1 & :o aft] all reigne? 9 ! heav5s1
 & is able to  make ! wra? ( man praise 
him1 & c ov]rule evil = good4    ,x is  
alleg$ t ! *ur* opposes democracy1 & is 
leagu$  ) ! despots aga9/ ! p4 ,! *ur*  
h]self leagues  nei!r ) democracy nor ) 
mon>*y4 ,%e leaves ! p  free to adopt ! 
=m ( gov]nm5t !y pref]4 ,%e opposes     
movem5ts pret5d$ly 9 favor ( democracy  
only :5 !y are 9  violation ( social    
ord] & oppos$ to legitimate au?ority1  &
 %e supports mon>*y only :]e mon>*y is !
 law1 & x  is necess>y to uphold x z !  
condition ( ma9ta9+ social  ord]1 & sav+
 civilization f ! b>b>ism t ?reat5s  to 
invade x4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury & ! beg9n+
 ( !  sev5te5? c5tury ! contr>y *>ge 0  
pref]r$1 & !  ,*ur* 0 condemn$ by ! _w  

on ! gr\nd ( be+ ho/ile  to k+ly        
gov]nm5t2 = public op9ion !n favor$     
absolute  mon>*y1 z x does n[ absolute  
democracy4 ,we believe our own  =m (    
gov]nm5t ! be/ = u1 b we d>e n say t    
o!r =ms ( gov]nm5t are n ! be/ = o!r    
nations4  ,despotism is nev] legitimate2
 b we "k no law ( ,god or  nature t     
makes democracy obligatory ^u e p1 & no 
reason = suppos+ t real lib]ty keeps    
pace ) !  progress ( democracy4         
,democracy did n save ,france f !       
,reign ( ,t]ror & ! mo/ odi\s tyranny1 &
 x c]ta9ly has  n secur$ lib]ty & good  
ord] 9 ,mexico4 ,) u x is yet  an       
exp]im5t & we c pron\nce no?+ ) c]ta9ty 
till we  h se5 ! result ( ! crisis we   
are n[ pass+ ?r\gh4 ,we  owe to x a     
fe>ful civil w> & ! suppression ( a     
=midable  rebellion1 b ! end is n yet4  
,/ill1 !re is no?+ 9 our  =m ( gov]nm5t 
9 discord ) ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & we      
firmly believe t1 if ma9ta9$ 9 its      
purity & integrity1  %e w\ld f9d "u x a 
fre] field = h] ex]tions ?an has  ev]   

yet be5 af=d$ h] 9 ! ,old ,_w4  #ab  ,at
 any rate1 !re is no room = d\bt t !    
c\ntry ne$s  ! *ur* to su/a9 our        
political in/itutions1 & to secure  _!  
free & b5eficial work+s4    ,b ! _w does
 n ga9 :at x seeks4 ,x does n ga9  inw>d
 fre$om1 fre$om ( s\l & ( ?\ght4 ,x is  
difficult  to conceive a worse bondage  
?an he endures :o feels t =  tru? &     
goodness he has no dep5d5ce b himself4  
,"o wants  some?+ on :i* to re/1 some?+ 
firm & immovable1 & no  bondage is m    
pa9ful ?an ! feel+ t we /& on an        
insecure f\ndation1 ready to give way "u
 u if we seek to  re/ our :ole weight on
 x1 & t our con/ructions1 h[ev]  +5i\s1 
c /& only z we uphold !m ) might & ma94 
,! man ) only himself = support1 is     
,atlas be>+ !  weight ( ! _w on 8 %\ld]s
 9 a treadmill4 ,he is a man1  z we "k  
by exp]i5ce1 cross+ a deep & broad riv] 
on  float+ cakes ( ice1 ea* too small to
 be> 8 weight1 &  s9k+ z soon z he      
/rikes x4 ,he mu/ con/antly keep  spr++ 
f "o to ano!r to save 8 life1 & yet1    

h[ev]  rapidly he spr+s1 ga9s no?+ m    
solid or less movable4 ,!  _w 9 its     
wisdom is j ago+ to get on to some?+ on 
:i* x c /& & re/1 b x nev] does4 ,its   
ca/les are  built 9 ! air1 & x sp5ds all
 its labor = naught4 ,all its  ef=ts    
defeat !mselves4 ,its philan?ropy       
aggravates ! evils  x w\ld r$ress1 or   
creates o!rs t are great] & less  easily
 cur$4 ,9 seek+ m5tal fre$om1 x takes f 
! m9d  ! light )\t :i* x _c op]ate2 9   
seek+ fre$om  f ! k+1 x falls "u !      
tyranny ( ! mob2 &1 to get  rid ( !     
tyranny ( ! mob falls "u t ( ! milit>y  
despot2 disda9+ heav51 x loses ! e>?2   
refus+ to obey  ,god1 x loses man4      
,all hi/ory1 all exp]i5ce proves x4     
,hav+ reject$ !  sacr$ness &            
inviolability ( au?ority 9 bo? religion 
&  politics1 & ass]t$ ! sacr$ "r (      
insurrection1 !  _w f9ds itself )\t     
religion1 )\t fai?1 )\t  social ord]1 9 
! mid/ ( p]petual revolutions1 *eck$ or 
suppress$ only by l>ge /&+ armies1 :ile 
ea* nation is  ov]:elm$ ) a public debt 

t is frightful to contemplate4  ,?is ne$
 n surprise u4 ,x is ! tru? t lib]ates  
or  makes free1 & :5 tru? is d5i$1 or   
resolv$ into ea* "o's  own op9ion or    
m5tal conception1 !re is no?+ to lib]ate
  ! m9d f its illusions & to su/a9 its  
fre$om4 ,! m9d  p9es away & dies )\t    
tru?1 z ! body )\t food4 ,x  0 said by  
"o :o spake z nev] man spake1 t he :o   
w\ld  save 8 life %all lose x1 &        
exp]i5ce proves t !y :o  seek ?is _w    
nev] ga9 x4 ,ye %all n eat !re(1 nor    
t\* x1 le/ ye die4 ,?is comm&1 :i*      
,satan contradicts1 is  true & good1 &  
ob$i5ce to x is ! only condition ( life1
  or real success 9 life4 ,9 seek+ to be
 ,god1 man becomes less  ?an man1       
because he d5ies ! tru? & reality ( ?+s4
 ,x  is v pleasant1 says ,he9ri* ,he9e1 
to ?9k "o's self a god1  b x co/s too   
mu* to keep up ! dignity & maje/y ( "o's
  god%ip4 ,our res\rces are n equal to  
x1 & purse & heal?  give way "u ! ef=t4 
,falsehood yields no?+1 because x  is   
itself no?+1 & is inf9itely m exp5sive  

?an tru?4  ,falsehood has no support1 & 
c give none2 :oev] leans on x  mu/ fall 
?r\gh4 ,& if ev] !re 0 a falsehood1 x is
 t  man is ,god1 or indep5d5t ( ,god4   
#ac    ,! :ole "q betwe5 ,rome & ! _w1  
turn x z we  w1 comes back always to    
?is3 ,is man ,god1 or ! creature (      
,god8 ,he c]ta9ly is n ,god3 !n he is a 
creature1 & ,god has  creat$ him & owns 
him1 is 8 ,"l & ,ma/]4 ,he1 !n1 is  n   
indep5d5t ( ,god1 = ! creative act (    
,god is z  necess>y to cont9ue him 9    
exi/5ce & to enable him to act1  to     
fulfil 8 de/9y1 or to atta9 8 end or    
supreme good1 z  x 0 to call him f no?+ 
into exi/5ce4 ,god is !  pr9ciple1      
m$ium1 & end ( our exi/5ce4 ,sep>ation f
 ,god1  or indep5d5ce ( him1 is dea?2 = 
we live1 & move1 & h  our be+ 9 him1 n 9
 ourselves4 ,! univ]se1 :5 once  creat$1
 does n g ahead on its own hook or (    
itself )\t  fur!r creative int]v5tion2 =
 ! creative act is n  complet$ 9        
relation to ! creature1 till ! creature 
has  fulfill$ its de/9y or rea*$ its    

end4 ,god creates me & at  ea* mom5t (  
my exi/5ce z mu* & z truly z he did     
,adam1  & ! susp5sion ( 8 creative act =
 a s+le in/ant w\ld  be my annihilation4
 ,s ( ! univ]se4 ,he creates me1 inde$1 
a  second cause & a free moral ag5t2 b  
ev5 9 my own acts or  causation ,i dep5d
 on him z my fir/ cause1 z ! cause ( me 
z a second cause1 & 9 my own sph]e ,i c 
cause or act only  by virtue ( 8 active 
pres5ce & concurr5ce4 ,:5 ,i attempt  to
 act )\t him1 z if ,i 7 indep5d5t ( him1
 z our fir/  p>5ts did 9 foll[+ !       
sugge/ions ( ,satan1 ,i d n cease  to   
exi/ physically1 b ,i die morally &     
spiritually1 lose my  moral life1 fall  
into abnormal relations ) my ,creator1 &
 am  spiritually dead2 = my moral &     
spiritual life dep5ds on my  volunt>y   
ob$i5ce to ! law ( all creat$ life3 ,ye 
%all n  eat !re(1 or t\* x1 le/ ye die4 
,"h is ! basis ( ! div9e dom9ion4 ,god  
is sov]eign "l  & proprietor because he 
is creator1 & man & nature are !  "w ( 8
 h&s4 ,h5ce ! ,mosaic books insi/ n only

 on !  unity ( ,god1 b ev5 ) m emphasis1
 if possible1 on ,god z  creator4 ,!    
fir/ v]se ( ,g5esis ass]ts creation 9   
opposition to emanation1 g5]ation1 or   
=mation3 ,9 !  beg9n+ ,god creat$ !     
heav5s & ! e>?4 ,all ?r\gh !  ,old      
,te/am5t1 especially 9 ! hagiographical 
books & !  prophets1 !re is a p]petual  
recurr5ce to ,god z creator1 to  ! fact 
t he has made ! _w & all ?+s !re91 &    
h5ce ! call ^u all creatures to s+ 8    
praise1 s (t5  repeat$ 9 ! ,psalms4     
,inde$1 x 0 n s mu* by belief 9  ! unity
 ( ,god z 9 ! fact t ,god is sole &     
univ]sal  creator1 t ! ,jews 7 di/+ui%$ 
f ! ,g5tiles4 ,x  may be d\bt$ if !     
,g5tiles ev] :olly lo/ ! belief 9 !     
exi/5ce ( "o ,god4 ,we ?9k we f9d 9 all 
hea!n my?ologies  traces ( a recognition
 ( "o ,god hov]+1 s to speak1 ov]  _!   
manifold gods & goddesses1 :o 7 held to 
be tutel>  div9ities1 nev] ! div9ity    
itself4 ,b ! ,g5tiles1 z we  h already  
said1 _h lo/1 & did 9 no s5se admit1 !  
fact  ( creation4 ,we f9d no recognition

 ( ,god z creator 9 any  ,g5tile        
philosophy1 ,indian1 ,p]sian1 ,*aldean1 
,egyptian1 ,*9ese1  ,greek1 or ,roman4  
,! ,g5tiles 7 n g5]ally a!i/s1 we       
suspect n a!i/s at all2 b !y 7 inv>iably
 pan!i/s4  ,pan!ism is ! d5ial ( ! prop]
 creative act ( ,god1 or1  /rictly      
speak+1 t ,god creates sub/ances or     
exi/5ces  capable ( act+ f _! own c5tre 
& produc+ effects z  second causes4  #ad
  ,! ,jews 7 ! only p1 aft] ! great     
,g5tile apo/asy1  t pres]v$ ! tradition 
( creation4 ,god z creator is !  basis (
 all sci5ce1 all fai?1 all religion2    
h5ce ! fir/  article ( ! ,cre$3 ,i      
believe 9 "o ,god1 mak] ( heav5 &  e>?1 
& ( all ?+s visible & invisible4 ,9 ?is 
fact is  f\nd$ ! inviolable "r ( !      
,almighty to gov]n all 8  works1 man    
among ! re/1 z seems to him good4 ,we _c
 d5y  ?is if we once admit ! fact (     
creation2 & if we d5y !  fact (         
creation1 we d5y our own exi/5ce & t ( !
  entire univ]se4    ,b ! "r to gov]n   
implies ! correlative duty (  ob$i5ce4  

,if ,god has ! "r to gov]n u1 !n we are 
b\nd  to obey him & d 8 bidd+1 :atev] x 
may be4 ,!re is  no?+ arbitr>y 9 ?is1 x 
is f\nd$ 9 ! relation (  creator &      
creature1 & ,god himself c\ld n make x  
o!rwise  )\t annihilat+ all creatures & 
ceas+ to be creator4 ,god  c\ld n create
 exi/5ces )\t giv+ !m a law1 because  _!
 v relation to him z 8 creatures imposes
 on !m an  inflexible & inv>iable law1  
:i*1 if creat$ free ag5ts1  !y may1     
inde$1 refuse to obey1 b n & live4 ,"h  
is !  :ole philosophy ( au?ority &      
ob$i5ce4 ,we mu/ n conf\nd  ! symbols   
employ$ 9 ,g5esis ) ! mean+ !y          
symbolize4  ,! comm& giv5 to our fir/   
p>5ts 0 simply ! law "u  :i* !y 7 plac$ 
by ! fact t !y 7 creatures1 t  ,god _h  
made !m1 & !y belong$ to him1 ow$ him   
ob$i5ce1  & c\ld n disobey him )\t      
violat+ ! v law ( _!  exi/5ce4 ,!y _c b 
die1 because !y dep>t f !  tru? ( ?+s1  
d5y _! real relation to ,god1 & g aga9/ 
! div9e ord]1 con=mity to :i* is 9 !    
nature ( !  case _! only condition (    

life4 ,s ,rome tea*es 9 accordance  )   
our highe/ & be/ reason4 ,! _w1 li/5+ to
 !  flatt]+ words ( ,satan & !          
allurem5ts ( ! fle%1  d5ies x1 & says1  
,ye %all n surely die2 y may s9 &  live1
 may become free & indep5d5t1 be z gods 
y\rselves1  y\r own ma/]1 tea*]1 &      
guide4 ,h5ce ! inevitable w>  betwe5    
,rome & ! _w1 %e /riv+ to secure !      
ob$i5ce  ( m5 & nations to ! law ( ,god1
 & x /riv+ to ma9ta9  _! indep5d5ce ( ! 
law1 & to make !m believe t !y  c live a
 life ( _! own1 :i* 9 ! nature ( ! case 
is  n life1 b dea?4    ,o!r             
consid]ations1 no d\bt ent] into !      
wor%ip ( ,god  beside ! simple fact t he
 is our ,creator1 b t fact is  ! basis (
 our moral obligation to obey him4 ,?is 
obligation is  obscur$ :5 we seek = x   
ano!r basis1 z 9 ! intr9sic  wor?1      
goodness1 or excell5ce ( ,god4 ,no d\bt1
 ,god des]ves to  be ador$ = 8 own sake1
 to be lov$ & obey$ = :at he is  9 & (  
himself1 b x is n easy to prove to m5 ( 
!  _w t !y are morally b\nd to love &   

obey goodness4  ,^! high] views ( ,god  
:i* conv]t ob$i5ce into love1 &  w\ld   
enable u to love ,god ev5 if he did n   
comm& x1 & to  desire him = 8 own sake  
)\t ref]5ce to :at he is to  u1 may 9 "s
 s5se be atta9$ to1 & are s by ! sa9ts1 
b !re are few ( u p]fect en\gh = t4 ,!  
law  c]ta9ly is an expression ( !       
goodness & love ( !  ,creator1 z is     
creation itself1 b ?is is n precisely ! 
reason :y x is obligatory4  #ae  ,x is a
 good reason :y we %\ld love ! law &    
delight 9 x1  b n ! reason :y we are    
b\nd to obey x4 ,we are b\nd to  obey x 
because x is ! law ( our ,creator1 :o   
has !  sov]eign "r to comm& u1 & h5ce   
religion _c be  sev]$ f morality4 ,no   
act ( religion is ( any real wor?  t is 
n an act ( ob$i5ce1 ( submission ( our w
 to !  div9e w1 or :i* is n a frank     
ackn[l$gm5t ( ! div9e  sov]eignty & !   
supremacy ( ! moral law4 ,!re mu/ be 9  
x an act ( self-d5ial1 (                
self-immolation1 or x is n a true  act (
 ob$i5ce1 & ob$i5ce is bett] ?an any    

ext]nal  (f]+s we c br+ to ! alt>4      
,"h is :]e ! _w aga9 errs4 ,x is ready  
to (f]  sacrifices to ,god1 to load 8   
alt>s ) its (f]+s ( !  fir/l+s ( flocks 
& h]ds1 & ! fruits ( ! e>?1 b  x revolts
 at any act ( ob$i5ce1 & w n rememb] t  
! sacrifices pleas+ to ,god are an      
humble & contrite he>t4  ,x w\ld s]ve   
,god f love1 n duty1 =gett+ t !re is  no
 love :]e !re is no ob$i5ce4 ,! ob$i5ce 
is ! *ief  elem5t ( ! love3 ,if ye love 
me1 keep my comm&m5ts4 ,we  %[ our love 
to ! ,fa!r by do+ ! w ( ! ,fa!r4  ,!re  
is no way ( escap+ ! act ( submission1 &
 walk+  into heav5 ) our heads erect1 9 
our own pride & /r5g?1  & claim+ our    
beatitude z our "r1 )\t ev] hav+  humbl$
 ourselves be=e ,god4 ,we may %[ t ! law
 is good1  ! s\rce ( light & life2 we   
may %[ its reasonabl5ess &  ju/ness1 & t
 !re is no?+ degrad+ or humiliat+ 9     
obey+ x2 b1 :atev] we d 9 ?is respect1  
no?+ w  avail if ! act ( ob$i5ce be     
)held4 ,till ! _w does  ?is1 submits to 
! law1 no matt] :at f9e spee*es x may   

make1 :at noble s5tim5ts x may indulge1 
:at j convictions  x may ent]ta91 or :at
 ri* (f]+s x may br+ to !  alt>1 x is at
 enmity ) ,god1 & peace betwe5 x & ,rome
 is  impossible4    ,god is 9 ,*ri/     
reconcil+ ! _w to himself1 b !re c  be  
no reconciliation )\t submission4 ,god  
_c *ange1 &  ! _w mu/4 ,no humiliat+    
conditions are impos$ on x1 b  x mu/    
ackn[l$ge t x has be5 wrong1 & t ! law x
  has resi/$ is j & "r1 &1 above all1   
obligatory4 ,?is  is ! h>d%ip ! _w      
compla9s (4 ,b :at reason has x to      
compla98 ,:at is dem&$ ( x n = its good1
 or t is n  dem&$ by ! v law ( life     
itself8 ,! _w dem&s  lib]ty1 b :at      
avails a false & impracticable lib]ty8  
,true  lib]ty is f\nd$ 9 ju/ice1 is a   
"r1 & support$ by law4  ,we h %[n1 "t & 
aga91 t ! *ur* suppresses no real       
lib]ty1 & ass]ts & ma9ta9s = all m5 all 
! lib]ty  t c fall to ! lot ( any creat$
 be+4 ,x dem&s !  free ex]cise ( human  
reason4 ,9 :at respect does ! *ur*      
re/ra9 fre$om ( ?\ght8 ,c reason op]ate 

freely )\t  pr9ciples1 )\t data1 )\t    
light1 )\t any support1 or  any?+ on :i*
 to re/8 ,:at is ! m9d )\t tru?1 or     
intellig5ce 9 :i* no?+ real is grasp$8  
,we "k only s  f> z we "k tru?1 & our   
op9ions & convictions are wor?  no?+ 9 s
 f> z !y are false1 or n 9 accordance ) 
! tru? t we nei!r make nor c unmake1 :i*
 is  indep5d5t ( u1 indep5d5t ( all m51 
& ( all creat$  intellects4 ,:at h>m1   
!n1 does ! *ur* d u :5 %e  pres5ts u    
infallibly t tru? :i* ! m9d ne$s = its  
support8  #af  ,society ne$s law1 & h[  
does ! *ur* h>m x by tea*+  ! law (     
,god1 )\t :i* x _c subsi/8 ,m5 ne$      
gov]nm5t4 ,:at h>m does ! *ur* d 9      
decl>+ ! supreme  law ( ,god1 f :i* all 
human laws d]ive _! =ce z laws1  & :i*  
def9es & gu>antees bo? au?ority &       
lib]ty1  protects ! pr9ce f ! turbul5ce 
( ! mob1 & !  p f ! tyranny ( ! pr9ce8  
,z sure z t man is ,god's creature &    
b\nd to obey ,god1  !re is = him no good
 indep5d5t ( ob$i5ce to ! law (  ,god2 &
 equally sure is x t ob$i5ce to t law   

secures to  him all ! good compatible ) 
8 condition z a creat$  exi/5ce4 ,!     
my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 9 :i* ,god       
assumes  human nature to be 8 own       
nature1 gives him ! promise ( ev5       
p>ticipat+ 9 ! happ9ess ( ,god himself4 
,?is happ9ess or  beatitude ) ,god 9    
et]nity is ! end = :i* man 0  creat$1 & 
is includ$ 9 ! creative act ( :i* x is !
  completion or fulfilm5t4 ,9 e/imat+ ! 
good :i* is sure to  u by con=mity to ! 
div9e ord] & ob$i5ce to ! div9e  law1 we
 mu/ take into ! acc\nt our :ole exi/5ce
 f its  inception to its completion 9   
,*ri/ 9 glory1 & include 9  t good n    
only ! joys & consolations ( ?is life1 b
  t et]nal beatitude :i* ,god ?r\gh 8   
sup]abundant  goodness has provid$ = u1 
& rememb] t all ?is we  =feit by obey+ !
 law ( dea? r ?an ! law ( life4  ,we c  
fulfil our de/9y1 atta9 to ! /ature (   
full-gr[n  m51 or complete our exi/5ce  
only by con=m+ to ! div9e  ord]1 by     
adh]+ to ! tru?1 & obey+ ! law ( life4  
,in/ead1 !n1 ( reg>d+ ! *ur* z our      

enemy1 z oppos$  to our real good1 we   
%\ld reg>d h] z our true fri5d1 &  see 9
 h] a mo/ /rik+ pro( ( ! lov+-k9dness ( 
our  ,god4 ,9 h] he gives u precisely   
:at we ne$ to tea* u 8  w1 to make kn[n 
to u ! tru? z x is 9 him1 & to  decl>e  
to u 9 all ! vicissitudes & complexities
 ( life  ! requirem5ts ( ! law1 & to be 
! m$ium ( ! graci\s  assi/ance we ne$ to
 fulfil !m4    ,no good ?+ w ,god )hold 
f !m t love him4 ,& he  gives u all good
 9 giv+ u1 z he does1 himself4 ,nor does
 he  give u only ! goods ( ! s\l4 ,he t 
w lose 8 life 9  ,god %all f9d x4 ,seek 
fir/ ! k+dom ( ,god & 8  ju/ice1 & all  
^! ?+s--! ?+s :i* ! ,g5tiles  seek      
aft]--%all be add$ to y4 ,!y :o lay up !
 mo/  abundant treasures 9 heav5 h ! mo/
 abundant treasures on  e>?4 ,! true    
pr9ciple ( political economy1 :i* ! old 
,fr5* ,economi/s & ,adam ,smi? nev]     
knew1 is self-d5ial1 is  9 liv+ = ,god &
 n = ! _w1 z a ,l\va9 pr(essor  has     
amply prov$ ) a dep? ( ?\ght1 a pr(\nd  
philosophy1  & a k ( ! laws (           

production1 di/ribution1 &  consumption 
seldom equall$4 ,i h be5 "y1 & n[ ,i am 
old1 b nev] h ,i se5 ! righte\s =sak51  
or 8 se$  begg+ bread4 ,no p are m      
indu/ri\s or m b5t on  accumulat+ weal?1
 ?an our own1 b s little is _!          
self-d5ial & s great is _! extravagance 
t ! mass (  !m are1 not)/&+ appe>ances1 
really poor4 ,! realiz$  capital ( !    
c\ntry is n suffici5t to pay its debts4 
,we  h exp5d$ ! surplus e>n+s ( ! c\ntry
 = half a  c5tury or m1 & ! weal? ( !   
nation is rapidly pass+  into ! h&s ( a 
few money-l5d]s & s\lless mammo?        
corporations1 already too /rong to be   
controll$ by !  gov]nm5t1 :e!r ,/ate or 
,g5]al4  #ag  ,if x _h n be5 = ! va/    
quantities ( *eap unoccupi$  l&s easy ( 
access1 we %\ld h se5 a pov]ty & di/ress
  9 ?is c\ntry to be f\nd 9 no o!r4 ,!  
m]cantile &  indu/rial sy/em inaugurat$ 
by ! ,peace ( ,utre*t 9 #agac1  & :i* is
 reg>d$ z ! cr[n+ glory ( ! mod]n _w1   
has add$ no?+ to ! real weal? ( nations4
 ,b ?is is a  !me =eign to our pres5t   

purpose1 & has already c>ri$ u  too f>4 
,we w only add t ! true ,*ri/ian has !  
promise  ( ?is life & ( t :i* is to     
come4    ,n[1 no "o c e/imate !         
advantage to m5 & nations t  mu/ h be5  
d]iv$ & cont9ue to be d]iv$ f ! *ur*    
plac$ 9 ! _w to ass]t at e po9t ! div9e 
sov]eignty1 & to proclaim con/antly 9 a 
cle> & r++  voice t ! ,"l ,god omnipot5t
 reigne?1 & 8 law is !  law ( life1 (   
progress1 & ( happ9ess bo? "h &         
h]eaft]1 ! great tru? :i* ! _w is ev]   
prone to  =get or to d5y4 ,we ought1    
!re=e1 to reg>d h] exi/5ce  ) ! mo/     
pr(\nd gratitude4 ,%e has done ?is "w f 
!  fir/1 & cont9ues to d x ) unabat$    
/r5g?1 9 spite (  s _m sad defections & 
! opposition ( k+s & peoples4  ,nev] has
 %e _h m num]\s1 m viol5t1 m subtle1 or 
m p[]ful enemies ?an dur+ ! pontificate 
( our pres5t  ,holy ,fa!r1 ,pius ! ,n9?4
 ,nev] h h] enemies seem$ ne>]  obta9+ a
 f9al triumph ov] h]1 & !y h felt t at  
la/ %e is pro/rate1 helpless1 9 h]      
agony4 ,yet d !y reckon  )\t _! ho/4 ,! 

magnific5t spectacle at ,rome on ! #bi? 
( la/ ,june ( m ?an five hundr$ bi%ops1 
& ?\s&s (  prie/s f all p>ts ( ! _w1 f e
 tongue & nation  on ! e>?1 ga!r$ r\nd  
_! *ief1 & jo9+ ) him 9  celebrat+ !    
eighte5 hundr$? anniv]s>y ( ! glori\s   
m>tyrdom ( ,pet]1 ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les1  
^: succession  9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur* has
 nev] fail$1 proves t  _! exultation is 
premature1 t h] ve9s are /ill full (    
life1 & t %e is z fre% & vigor\s z :5 %e
 fir/  w5t =? f ,j]usalem on h] div9e   
mission to w9 ! _w  to h] ,"l4 ,!       
indication by ! ,holy ,fa!r ( 8 resolve 
at  a ne> day to convoke a univ]sal     
c\ncil1 a gr& assembly (  ! pr9ces ( !  
*ur*1 proves also t %e is /ill a fact1  
a liv+ p[] on ! e>?1 ?\gh n ( x1 ) :om !
  pr9ces ( ?is _w mu/ c\nt4 ,be=e h]    
unit$ voice1  assi/$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1  
h] enemies w be /ruck dumb1 &  to x !   
nations mu/ li/5 ) awe & conviction1 &  
mo/  ( ! errors we h spok5 ( w %r9k back
 f ! face (  day into d>kness & sil5ce4 
,fai? w be re9vigorat$1 !  he>ts ( !    

fai?ful made glad1 & civilization resume
 its  m>*1 s long & s pa9fully int]rupt$
 by h]esy1  infidelity1 & ! almo/       
con/ant revolutions ( /ates &  empires4 
,we v5ture to pr$ict = ! *ur* new &     
brilliant  victories ov] ! _w4    ,h]esy
 has well-nigh run its c\rse4 ,x is     
inh]5tly  sophi/ical1 & is too mu* =    
infidelity & too little =  religion4 ,9 
no c\ntry has x ev] be5 able to /&      
alone1 &  x acquires no /r5g? by age4 ,!
 ?9k+ m5 ( all civiliz$  nations h come1
 or are rapidly co9+1 to ! conclusion t 
! alt]native is ei!r ,rome or no        
religion1 or1 z !y  express x1 ,rome or 
,reason1 :i* we %[$ la/ mon? is by no   
means ! true =mula4 ,! real =mula ( !   
age is1 ,rome or  no religion1 ,god or  
,satan4  #ah  ,! attempt to support     
any?+ wor?y ( ! "n ( religion on  human 
au?ority1 :e!r ( ! individual or ( !    
/ate1 (  private judgm5t or ( !         
,scriptures int]pret$ by ! private      
judgm5t ( ! le>n$1 has notori\sly1 we   
might say  confess$ly1 fail$4           

,old-e/abli%$ h]esies w no d\bt  l+] yet
 long]1 & (f] _! opposition to ,rome2 b 
_!  days are numb]$1 &1 save z !y may be
 plac$ 9 !  =efront ( ! battle ) ! *ur*1
 ! active non-,ca?olic  ?\ght ( ! age   
makes no acc\nt ( !m1 & respects !m  f> 
less ?an x does ,rome h]self4 ,!y live  
only a galvanic  life4 ,we are f> f     
reg>d+ ! battle t mu/ be f\ght  ) !     
sci5tific no-religion or dry & cold     
unbelief ( !  age z a light affair4 ,9  
_m respects ! _w is a m  =midable enemy 
?an h]esy1 & ! ,g5tilism ( ! n9ete5?    
c5tury is less manageable ?an t ( !     
fir/1 = x reta9s  few] elem5ts ( tru?1 &
 f> less respect = au?ority &  law4 ,x  
has c>ri$ ! _s ( revolt fur!r1 & holds  
no?+ z sacr$ & inviolable4 ,b x is      
always "s ga9 :5  ! issue is fairly     
pres5t$1 & ! real "q is fairly  &       
di/9ctly /at$ 9 its appropriate t]ms2 :5
 !re is no  long] any disguise or       
subt]fuge possible2 & :5 !  respective  
=ces are fairly array$ aga9/ ea* o!r1   
ea*  "u its own flag1 & %\t+ its own    

w>-cry4 ,! battle w  be long & ardu\s1 =
 e article 9 ! cre$1 f ,patrem          
omnipot5tem to vitam aet]nam1 has be5   
successively d5i$2  b we _c d\bt to :i* 
side victory w f9ally incl9e4           
,t]tullian say1 ! human he>t is         
naturally ,*ri/ian1 & m5  c n be cont5t$
 to rema9 long 9 m]e vegetable exi/5ce  
)\t "s sort ( religion4 ,!y w1 :5 !y h  
no?+  else to wor%ip1 evoke ! spirits ( 
! dead1 & in/itute an  illusory         
demon-wor%ip1 z we see 9 mod]n          
spiritism4 ,!  ,*ri/ian religion z      
pres5t$ by ,rome1 ?\gh x flatt]s n      
human pride1 & is (f5sive to deprav$    
appetite or passion1 is  yet adapt$ to !
 ne$s ( human nature1 & satisfies ! pur]
  & noble aspirations ( ! s\l4 ,!re is1 
z we h m ?an  once %[n1 a natural want 9
 man :i* x only c meet1 &1 we  may almo/
 say1 a natural aptitude to receive x4  
,h5ce1 we  conclude t1 :5 m5 see be=e !m
 no alt]native b ,rome  or no religion1 
d[nright naturalism able to satisfy     
nobody1 !y  w1 aft] "s hesitation1      

submit to ,rome & rejoice 9             
,ca?olicity4 ,nature is v well2 we h n a
 ^w to say  aga9/ x :5 normally         
develop$2 b ?is _w is too bleak  & w9try
 = m5 to walk ab\t 9 ! nak$ness (       
nature2 !y  mu/ h clo?+ ( "s sort1 &1 :5
 !y are fully  conv9c$ t !y c f9d prop] 
g>m5ts only 9 ! w>drobe  ( ! *ur*1 !y   
_c1 x seems to u1 long hold out aga9/   
,rome or refuse submission to ! law (   
life4    ,we "h close our v inadequate  
discussion ( ! great subject  we h op5$4
 ,our rem>ks are only supplem5t>y to !  
article  on ,rome or ,reason 9 ,,!      
,,ca?olic ,,_w = ,septemb] la/1 &  are  
int5d$ to gu>d aga9/ any false inf]5ces 
t "s  might be dispos$ to draw f !      
doctr9e we !re set =?4  ,we hold1 z a   
,ca?olic1 ! dogma ( orig9al s91 & t our 
nature has be5 disord]$ by ! fall &     
av]t$ f ,god4 ,we  h n wi%$ ?is fact to 
be ov]look$1 or ourselves to be         
und]/ood z if we recogniz$ no antagonism
 betwe5 ?is fall5  or av]t$ nature &    
,rome4  #ai  ,our nature is n totally   

deprav$4 ,und]/&+ & w1 if  ! =m] has be5
 d>k5$ & ! latt] att5uat$ by !  fall1   
yet rema91 & reta9 _! ess5tial "*2 b    
disord] has be5 introduc$ into our      
nature1 & ! fle%  incl9es to s92 its    
face is turn$ away f ,god1 & x /&s  9   
ne$ ( be+ conv]t$ or turn$ to him4 ,!   
*ur* br+s to  ?is disord]$ & av]t$      
nature :atev] is ne$$ to conv]t  x1 heal
 its w\nds1 & elevate x to ! plane ( its
 de/9y4  ,b aft] conv]sion1 aft]        
reg5]ation1 ! fle%1 ! c>nal  m9d1       
rema9s1 z ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t tea*es1 &1 z
 long z  x rema9s1 !re mu/ be a combat1 
a w>f>e4 ,?is combat1 or  w>f>e1 is n1  
inde$1 betwe5 reason & fai?1 revelation 
&  sci5ce1 nor betwe5 nature & grace1 b 
betwe5 ! law ( ,god  accept$ & s]v$ by !
 judgm5t & w1 by ! inn] man1  & ! law ( 
s9 9 our memb]s1 ! /ruggle betwe5       
hol9ess  & s91 an int]nal /ruggle1 ( :i*
 e "o is consci\s  :o attempts to lead a
 holy life4 ,we h n only wi%$ to        
recognize ! fact ( ?is /ruggle z an     
int]ior /ruggle 9  ! individual1 b also 

z pass+ f ! individual to  society1 &   
manife/+ itself 9 ! p]petual /ruggle    
betwe5  ,rome & ! _w1 :i* ceases1 & c   
cease1 only 9  proportion z m5 & society
 become conv]t$ to ,god1 &  volunt>ily  
submissive to 8 law4    ------          
,) ,*ri/4        ,hav+ a desire to be   
dissolv$ & be ) ,*ri/--      a ?+ by f> 
! bett]4      ,to die & be ) ,*ri/6 f>  
bett] 'tis      ,?an all ?is _w ( s9 &  
/rife c give1      ,^: highe/ boon to ^?
 :o easie/ live    ,comp>es n ) "o mom5t
 ( heav5's bliss6    ,& to e>?'s suff]+ 
ones1 ^: he>ts are torn      ,) angui%1 
:ile _! bodies wri! 9 pa91      ,:at    
joy\s s\nds are ^!3 ,to die is ga96     
,to leave a _w :]e we>y s\ls =lorn    ,9
 s9ful murmur+ wi% !y ne'er 7 born4     
,to be ) ,*ri/6 ,o words ( solemn p[]   
,to hu% ! he>t-cry6 let me hold !m fa/4 
,if haply ,i may rea* !e1 ,"l1 at la/1  
,&1 ?is /range _w ) all its sorr[s pa/1 
,may le>n ! mean+ deep ( ea* sad1 suff]+
 h\r6    ------    #bj             ,!   
,manag]s ,dilemma4      ,i ,tell y1     

*ild1 y c d x2 & ,i say y %all6    ,!   
speak] 0 ! fat ho/ess ( a hotel 9 "o ( !
  pr9cipal /reets ( ,naples2 ! "t 0 !   
summ] ( #ahab4 ,!  lady waddl$ back &   
=w>d ) an air ( importance1 h]  h&s on  
h] hips4 ,! p]son %e address$ 0 a lad   
app>5tly  sixte5 ye>s ( age1 & v tall & 
/\t = 8 ye>s4 ,8  be>dless *9 & boyi%   
features1 comb9$ ) a %uffl+  ba%fulness 
9 8 deportm5t1 did n t5d to inspire     
confid5ce  9 any great a*ievem5t to be  
expect$ f him4    ,b1 buona mia donna-- 
he began deprecat+ly4    ,i am a judge6 
p]si/$ ! ho/ess4 ,ma/] ,b5evolo %all    
f9d y a treasure1 & ! jewel ( 8 company6
 ,su* a  company6 ,! pr9cess is         
magnific5t6 ,did n ! ,duke (            
,anhalt--swe> %e 0 ravi%+ 9 beauty z 9  
act+1 ) eyes  l diamonds1 & a figure    
maje/ic z ,juno's8    ,sup]b6 exclaim$ !
 lad4    ,& su* an admirable comic      
actor2 a figure t is "o laugh1  & a wit 
l ,san*o ,panza's2 a g5ius1 too1 = !    
pa!tic2  he weeps to en*antm5t1 & w br+ 
te>s to y\r eyes aft]  a convulsion (   

mir?4 ,an unrivall$ tr\pe6 a coronet (  
gems--want+ only an actor ( trag$y6     
,! boy sigh$1 & ca/ 8 eyes on ! gr\nd4  
,& y mu/ travel1 plead$ ! l&lady4 ,y are
 n safe  "h 9 ,naples4 ,y may be tak51 &
 c>ri$ back to !  cons]vatorio4    ,?is 
la/ argum5t _h effect4 ,! lad sprang to 
8 feet4    ,back to s*ool1 to be puni%$ 
= a runaway--:5 y might d  su* wond]s6  
,come1 y are ready1 ,i see4 ,!re is no  
"t to be  lo/4    ,%e took ! boy by ! h&
 & l$ him into ! gr& salon (  ! hotel4  
,"h sat ! manag] ( an ,italian !atrical 
company1  9 absolute despair4 ,he & 8   
tr\pe 7 to leave ,naples 9 an  h\r4 ,=  
?ree days he _h /aid beyond 8 "t1 seek+ 
:at  ! city did n af=d--an actor (      
trag$y2 & he 0 n[  bitt]ly lam5t+ to 8  
l&lord ! ill luck t w\ld compel  him to 
dep>t = ,sal]no de/itute ( s important  
an adjunct4    ,:at %all ,i d8 cri$ !   
impres>io1 wr++ 8 h&s1  )\t a ,g]onimo  
or a ,fal]io8    ,y may yet f9d an      
actor1 sugge/$ ! good-natur$ ho/4    ,he
 mu/ drop1 !n1 f ! cl\ds1 & at once6 ,my

 fri5ds at  ,sal]no h twice put (f !    
p]=mance1 wait+ = me4 ,sa9t  ,antonio6  
to ?9k ( los+ s mu* money6    ,!        
corpul5t ho/ess _h ent]$ ! room1 !      
ba%ful y\? a  few paces beh9d h]4    ,i 
h f\nd y a trag$ian1 ,ma/] ,b5evolo1 %e 
cri$2 a  capital fell[4 ,y h fatigu$    
y\rself runn+ ov] ,naples 9  se>* (     
"o--& he has be5 wait+ = y "h s9ce la/  
ev5+4    ,:at d y mean6 exclaim$ bo?    
manag] & l&lord4    #ba    ,y %all h y\r
 trag$ian4 ,all ! re/ is my secret4 ,oh6
 he  is a great g5ius6 ,if y _h he>d him
 la/ night6 ,all ! maids  7 9 te>s4 ,_h 
he a robe & poni>d1 he w\ld h be5       
t]rific4 ,he sang droll songs1 too1 &   
made u laugh till my  sides a*$4 ,i %\ld
 h told y ( him be=e1 b y w5t  out s    
e>ly4    ,at :at !atres has he appe>$8  
ask$ ! manag]1 mu*  int]e/$4    ,he has 
nev] be5 on ! /age2 b he w make 8 way4  
,su*  g5ius--su* passion6 ,he has left  
home to embrace !  pr(ession4    ,!     
impres>io mus$4 ,let me see him1 he     
said4    ,! l&lady took ! lad by ! h& & 

pull$ him =w>d4 ,he  /ood ) eyes ca/    
d[n1 9 ! mo/ awkw>d attitude4    ,a m]e 
boy6 exclaim$ ! disappo9t$ director4    
,he--fit =  an actor6 ,& ) a look (     
contempt he survey$ ! y\? :o  aspir$ to 
repres5t ! emp]ors ( ,rome & ! tyrants (
  ,italian republics4    ,ev]y?+ has a  
beg9n+6 p]si/$ ! dame4 ,l\is1 come      
=w>d1 & %[ ! mae/ro :at y c d4    ,!    
ov]gr[n lad hung 8 head ba%fully2 b1 on 
fur!r  urg+1 advanc$ a pace or two1     
flung ov] 8 arms ! fray$  skirt ( 8 coat
 to s]ve z a drap]y1 & recit$ "s tragic 
v]ses ( ,dante4    ,n bad6 cri$ !       
manag]4 ,:at is y\r "n8    ,l\is1 repli$
 ! lad1 b[+4    ,l\is--:at8    ,l\is    
only = ! pres5t1 int]pos$ ! ho/ess1 ) an
 air  ( my/]y4 ,y are n to "k 8 family  
"n4 ,y see--he  left home--    ,i       
und]/&3 ! runaway might be caught4 ,let 
me he> him 9  ,otello4    ,l\is1        
enc\rag$1 recit$ a brilliant tragic     
sc5e4 ,! manag]  foll[$ 8 ge/ures ) h&s 
& head1 &1 :5 he _h  end$1 applaud$     
l\dly1 ) fla%+ eyes4    ,bravo6 bravo6  

he cri$1 rubb+ 8 h&s4 ,t is :at ,i      
want6 ,y w make a capital ,moor1 set 9  
%ape a little6 ,i  engage y at once1 at 
fifte5 ducats a mon?3 & "h is !  fir/   
mon?'s pay 9 advance = y\r outfit--a    
suit ( clo!s  to make y look l a        
g5tleman4 ,g1 buy !m1 pack up to g  ) u2
 & ,i w h a mule ready = y4    ,:ile !  
impres>io made 8 prep>ations = dep>ture1
 !  delight$ ho/ess assi/$ ,l\is 9 84   
,he _h sp5t two or  ?ree days roam+ ab\t
 ,naples be=e he came to ! hotel1 &  _h 
"s debts to pay4 ,^! liquidat$1 8 bill  
paid at !  hotel1 & a new suit pur*as$1 
no?+ rema9$ ( 8 fifte5  ducats4 ,9 less 
?an two h\rs ! tr\pe 0 on its way out ( 
,naples4    ,at ,sal]no ! manag] _h     
adv]tisem5ts /ruck (f1 ann\nc+  ! db ( a
 new tragic actor--a wond]ful           
g5ius--pres5t$ to ! public z a          
ph5om5on--9 a popul>  "p4 ,curiosity 0  
soon excit$ to see him4 ,9 ! ev5+ !     
!atre 0 cr[d$4 ,! director walk$ ab\t1  
rubb+ 8 h&s  9 ec/asy1 & c\nt+ ! piles (
 gold z !y accumulat$4  ,l\is1 array$ 9 

an emp]or's co/ume ( ! middle ages1 0   
practis+ beh9d ! sc5es h[ to su/a9 ! "p 
( a  sov]eign4 ,a pretty "y girl--"o ( !
 *orus--:o may be  call$ ,ros9a1 /ood   
wat*+ him1 & comm5t+ freely on 8        
p]=mance4    #bb    ,oh6 t w n d at all1
 y\r maje/y6 %e cri$1 z he  made an     
awkw>d movem5t4 ,:at an emp]or6 ,?is is 
y\r /yle6  ,& %e began mimick+ 8 ge/ures
 s provokiagly t ,l\is  decl>$ he w\ld h
 8 rev5ge 9 a kiss4 ,he 0 pres5tly  *as+
 h] ar\nd ! sc5es1 to ! disord] ( 8     
imp]ial  robes4    ,! s\nd ( voices & an
 unusual bu/le />tl$ him2 he  fanci$ !  
curta9 0 go+ to rise1 & call$ lu/ily = 8
  sword4 ,b ! noise 0 outside ! private 
door ( ! !atre4  ,x 0 flung op51 & !    
lad's con/]nation may be imag9$  :5 he  
saw advanc+ t[>d him ! vice-rector ( 8  
s*ool1  foll[$ by six sbirri4 ,! manag] 
0 !re1 too1  wr++ 8 h&s ) ge/ures (     
grief & despair4 ,l\is  /ood petrifi$1  
till ! (fic]1 lay+ a h& on 8 %\ld]1     
arre/$ him by an ord] f ! ,k+ ( ,naples4
 ,! :ole  company _h ru%$ toge!r1 & 7   

a/oni%$ to he> t  _! trag$ian 0 =?) to  
be tak5 back to !  ,cons]vatorio clella 
,pieta dei ,tur*9i1 to be rem&$ to 8    
musical /udies "u ! great ma/] ,m>cello 
,p]r9o4    ,! emp]or 9 petto =got 8     
dignity1 & bur/ into  te>s2 ,ros9a cri$ 
= sympa?y1 & !re 0 a g5]al murmur  (    
dissatisfaction4    ,! manag] /rove to  
remon/rate4 ,su* a g5ius--trag$y is 8   
vocation6 he plead$4    ,8 vocation j n[
 is to g back to s*ool1 said !          
vice-rector gruffly4    ,b1 sign]1 y are
 robb+ ! public4    ,has n ! graceless  
boy be5 robb+ 8 maje/y1 :o 0  pleas$ to 
place him 9 ! cons]vatorio aft] 8 fa!r's
  dea?8    ,he is 9 my s]vice2 ,i h paid
 him a mon? 9 advance4    ,y 7 wrong to 
engage a raw lad :om y knew to be a     
runaway  f 8 gu>dians4 ,come1 ,l\is6    
,! sbirri r\ghly remov$ ! imp]ial robes 
f !  blubb]+ lad4 ,! impres>io 0 9 an   
agony1 = ! assembl$  audi5ce began to   
give signs ( impati5ce4    ,let him only
 p]=m 9 ?is piece1 he urg$4    ,away )  
him6 answ]$ ! vice-rector4    ,l\is wip$

 away 8 te>s4 ,de> ,ma/] ,b5evolo1 he   
said1 ,i  w yet be rev5g$4 ,i w be a    
trag$ian 9 spite ( !m6    ,& my         
losses--my fifte5 ducats cri$ !         
director4    ,i w make !m up1 ,i promise
 y4 ,! vice-rector laugh$  scornfully1 &
 ! m5 =c$ ! lad away4 ,ros9a ran aft]   
him1 ,/ay1 ,l\is6 %e cri$1 putt+ h]     
h&k]*ief into 8  h&s1 ,y =got ?is4 ,l\is
 ?ank$ h] ) a t5d] glance1  & put !     
keepsake 9 8 bosom4    ,:5 ! p>ty _h    
disappe>$1 ! manag] w5t to pacify 8     
impati5t audi5ce4 ,he 0 consol$ by !    
reflection t !  vagabond _h left 8 trunk
 beh9d4 ,x 0 v l>ge & heavy1  &1 be=e   
caus+ ! lock to be brok5 next morn+1    
,signor  ,b5evolo call$ "s ( 8 fri5ds to
 make an inv5tory ( its  cont5ts4 ,x 0  
f\nd fill$ ) s&6 ,! "y  dbutant _h      
resort$ to ?is trick1 t ! s]vants at  ! 
inns :]e !y /opp$ might believe ! trunk 
conta9$  gold & treat him ) respect     
accord+ly4    ,! impres>io 0 9 a t[]+   
passion4 ,he rail$ at ,l\is1  %[]+ on   
him abusive epi!ts z a *eat & an        

impo/or4 ,he  c\ld only retaliate = !   
loss ( 8 fifte5 ducats by  writ+ him a  
lett] full ( furi\s invectives1 assur+  
him  t s base a ?ief ne$ nev] aspire to 
! honors ( trag$y6  ,! lett] 0 read     
quietly by ,l\is1 :o made no answ]1 b   
appli$ himself dilig5tly to 8 musical   
/udies4  #bc  ,8 progress 0 s rapid t 8 
ma/]s decl>$ he bade fair  to rival     
,bohr] on ! violoncello & ,tulon on !   
flute4 ,z a  rew>d = 8 ef=ts1 a hall 9 !
 cons]vatorio 0 arrang$  = ! private    
repres5tations ( ! pupils4    ----    ,9
 ! autumn ( #ahcj1 ,ex-,manag] ,b5evolo 
*anc$ to be 9  ,p>is4 ,! beautiful      
,ros9a 0 !n not$ z an admir$ s+]4  ,%e  
_h _m conv]sations ) ! ,italian1 :o 0   
disgu/$  ) ! ,fr5* actors1 & decl>$ t ! 
be/ days ( tragic  art 7 pa/4    ,"o day
 !re 0 no small excitem5t at !          
ann\ncem5t ( !  tragic op]a ( ,otello4  
,x 0 giv5 out t a new arti/  ( great    
reputation w\ld appe> at ! ,?tre        
,itali54 ,8  progress ?r\gh ! ,italian  
cities _h be5 a cont9u$ triumph4  ,on 8 

fir/ appe>ance 9 ,p>is ! connoisseurs _h
 be5  det]m9$ to %[ him no favor4 ,z he 
came on ! /age1 8  gr&1 impos+ figure & 
good-humor$ c\nt5ance 7  pre-possess+2  
b1 :5 8 magnific5t voice rose swell+    
above ! or*e/ra1 !re 0 a bur/ ( raptur\s
 applause4  ,p[]ful & ?rill+1 p5etrat+  
to ! dep?s ( pa?os1 t  voice c>ri$ all  
be=e x2 & he 0 vot$ by acclamation !    
fir/ basse-taille ( ! age4    ,y mu/ he>
 him6 said ,ros9a1 z ! ex-manag]        
prote/$ t he did n c>e = x4 ,he w\ld be 
sure to  condemn :at pleas$ ^?          
fanta/ical ,p>isians4    ,y mu/ he> him 
9 ,otello6 p]si/$ ! fair s+]4  ,"h is an
 invitation = y1 writt5 by himself4     
,:y %\ld he h s5t ?is to me8 ask$ !     
gratifi$  ,italian4    ,z a fri5d ( m9e1
 repli$ ! s+]1 he wi%$ to %[ y          
att5tion4 ,y w g ) me4    ,9 ! ev5+ !y  
w5t to ! !atre4 ,!re 0 a ?und]bur/  (   
applause z ! colossal =m ( ! actor mov$ 
across !  /age4 ,a noble figure =       
trag$y6 exclaim$ ,b5evolo4 ,ha6 ,i  %\ld
 l him = ! tyrant 9 ,anna ,bol5a6 ,:5 ! 

sup]b tones ( 8 voice1 full ( p[]1 yet  
exquisite 9  melody1 fill$ ! h\se ) !   
ri* volume ( s\nd1 !  ,italian gave up 8
 prejudices4 ,9 ! deep] passion ( ! "p  
he 0 c>ri$ away by en?usiasm l !        
audi5ce4 ,/up5do6  ,tragico6 he         
exclaim$1 wip+ 8 eyes1 :ile ! curta9    
desc5d$4    ,y mu/ speak ) him6 insi/$  
,ros9a4 ,& %e drew ,b5evolo  ?r\gh !    
door lead+ beh9d ! sc5es4 ,! great arti/
 came  to meet !m4 ,b5evolo gaz$ ^u him 
9 awe & a/oni%m5t2  !n1 recov]+ himself1
 falt]$ =? ! expression ( 8  surprise & 
delight4 ,x 0 ! k+ ( trag$y :om he _h  !
 honor ( greet+6    ,i am rejoic$ to see
 y at la/1 my good ma/] ,b5evolo6  cri$ 
! arti/4 ,tell me if y h really be5     
pleas$4 ,%all  ,i ev] make a tragic     
actor8    ,y are wond]ful--! fir/ 9 !   
_w6 cri$ ! enraptur$  ex-manag]4 ,&     
,ros9a says y are an ,italian6 ,i am    
pr\d ( my  c\ntryman6    ,ah6 mio       
fratello6 b y _h once n s good an op9ion
 ( me6  ,d y n recognize y\r old        
acqua9tance--! runaway ,l\is8           

,b5evolo />$ 9 a/oni%m5t4    ,i h gr[n  
some:at s9ce ! affair at ,sal]no1 said !
  arti/1 laugh+1 & clapp+ 8 /\t sides4  
,ah6 ,i =got2  y _h good reason = be+   
displeas$ ) me4  #bd  ,! fifte5         
ducats--& t heavy trunk ( m9e--t gave y 
tr\ble = no?+6 ,x ought to h be5 ransom$
 long ago2 b  ,i wait$ to d x ) my pay z
 a trag$ian4 ,i want$ to prove  y\r     
pr$iction untrue6 ,he drew out a pap] f 
8 pocket-book1  & pres5t$ x4    ,"h is  
an ord] = twelve hundr$ francs4         
,signor ,b5evolo /amm]$ a refusal4 ,he  
c\ld n accept s l>ge  a gift4    ,take  
x1 fri5d4 ,x is y\r j due6 ,pr9cipal &  
int]e/ y  "k4 ,my =tune has gr[n apace )
 my embonpo9t4    ,y are a noble fell[6 
cri$ ! ex-manag]1 grasp+ 8  h&4 ,n[1 d  
me ano!r favor1 & tell me y\r real "n4  
,!  "o y act "u is assum$1 ( c\rse6     
,no1 x is ! same--,labla*e4    ,labla*e6
 ,are y a ,fr5*man1 !n8    ,my fa!r 0 a 
,fr5*man3 he fl$ f ,m>seilles at ! "t  (
 ! revolution4 ,i 0 born 9 ,naples4 ,are
 y satisfi$8    ,i ?\ght f ! beg9n+1    

said ,b5evolo1 y 7 a  nobleman 9        
disguise4 ,i "k y1 n[1 = a mon>* 9 art4 
,labla*e ?ank$ him cordially4 ,n[ y mu/ 
come home & sup  ) me1 9 ! ,rue         
,ri*elieu1 he said4 ,i h invit$ a few   
fri5ds to meet y1 & !y w be wait+ = u4  
------      ,translat$ f ,le            
,correspondant4      ,le>n$ ,wom5 ,&    
,/udi\s ,wom54      ,by ,monseigneur    
,dupanl\p4        ,! foll[+ treatise by 
,monseigneur ,dupanl\p is giv5          
entire1 not)/&+ t "s portions ( x be> a 
m    direct application to ,fr5*        
civilization ?an to our own4 ,!         
att5tive read] w see t ! fundam5tal     
pr9ciple on    :i* ! argum5t re/s       
applies to incomplete m5tal             
developm5t 9 e c\ntry2 & ^? :o take an  
int]e/ 9    =eign habits & mann]s w     
enjoy ! lifelike pictures (    ,fr5*    
society1 s graphic1 %rewd1 & free f     
exagg]ation4--,trans4      ,de> ,fri5d3 
,sev]al mon?s ago1 9 a volume ,footnote 
#a (  lett]s address$ to m5 ( ! _w      
conc]n+ /udies adapt$  to _! leisure    

h\rs1 ,i publi%$ a few pages (f]+       
sugge/ions also to ,*ri/ian wom5 liv+ 9 
! _w ^u  intellectual labor suitable =  
!m4 ,?is advice ,i tri$ to  adapt &     
proportion especially to ! exig5cies (  
_! mode  ( life4        ,footnote #a3   
,lett]s to ,m5 ( ! ,_w conc]n+          
,/udies suitable = !m & ,advice to      
,*ri/ian ,wom51      ,p>is3 ,d\niol4    
,i endeavor$ to %[ h[ necess>y x is = a 
woman to acquire  habits ( s]i\s ?\ght2 
all ! m s because mod]n  education      
seldom inculcates !m2 & ,i ma9ta9$ t su*
  habits c\ld easily f9d a place 9 !    
life ( wom5 ( !  _w4    #be    ,i next  
indicat$ grave & noble /udies1 solid &  
int]e/+  c\rses ( read+1 hi/orical1     
arti/ic1 ev5 philosophical1  b1 above   
all1 religi\s1 to :i* !y c\ld devote    
!mselves4    ,!n foll[$ a few practical 
details conc]n+ ! me?od &  conditions ( 
good /udy1 useful read+1 & s]i\s        
composition4    ,v>i\s obs]vations 7    
address$ to me  propos ( ?is            
publication2 eag] contradictions com+   

side by side ) !  mo/ favorable         
expressions ( approbation4 ,?is did n   
surprise  me4 ,9 an age l ours1 su*     
c\nsel c\ld h>dly be giv5 )  impunity4  
,9 ! l& ( ,molire an appeal to wom5 to  
/udy1 to  educate !mselves1 to cultivate
 lett]s & ! f9e arts1 c\ld  n be all[$  
to pass unreprov$4    ,all[ me1 !n1 to h
 rec\rse to ! ,correspondant1  t my     
v>i\s oppon5ts may be answ]$ at "o      
/roke4 ,! mo/  consid]ate & ! mo/ s]i\s 
among !m support$ !mselves1  n ^u       
,molire1 b1 /range to say1 ^u ,m4 de    
,mai/re4 ,x is  ,m4 de ,mai/re1 !n1 ) ! 
quotations made f 8 works &  !          
objections rais$ 9 8 "n1 :o dem&s my    
fir/  consid]ation4                  ,i4
      ,m4 ,de ,mai/re's ,op9ion4    ,"s 
( ,m4 de ,mai/re's lett]s to 8 daught]s 
=m a v]itable  treatise ^u ! humble     
de/9y ( woman "h bel[1 & !  sumptu>y    
laws t %\ld regulate h] acquirem5ts &   
education4    ,a woman's great defect1  
he writes1 is be+ l a man1 & to  wi% =  
le>n+ is to wi% to be a man4 ,en\gh if a

 woman be  aw>e t ,pek9 is n 9 ,europe1 
& t ,alex&] ! ,great  did n dem& a niece
 ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 9 m>riage4    ,also ,m4 
de ,mai/re all[s h] 9 sci5tific matt]s  
to foll[ &  und]/& ! do+s ( m54 ,?is is 
h] mo/ p]fect  accompli%m5t1 h]         
*ef-d'oeuvre4    ,he p]mits wom51       
moreov]1 to love & admire ! beautiful2 b
  :at he does n p]mit is1 t !y %\ld     
!mselves seek to  give x expression4 ,:5
 8 elde/ daught]1 ,mademoiselle ,adele  
de ,mai/re1 av[$ a ta/e = pa9t+1 & :5 ! 
y\nge/1  ,mademoiselle ,con/ance1       
confid$ to h] fa!r h] ard5t love  =     
lit]>y pursuits1 ,m4 de ,mai/re1 91     
al>m1 tak+ %elt]  beh9d ! triple        
au?ority ( ,solomon1 ,fnlon & ,molire1  
decl>$ t wom5 %\ld n devote !mselves to 
pursuits  oppos$ to _! duties2 t a      
woman's m]it lies 9 r5d]+  h] husb&     
happy1 9 educat+ *ildr51 & 9 mak+ m52   
t1 f ! mom5t %e emulates man1 %e becomes
 an ape2 t  wom5 h nev] a*iev$ a        
*ef-d'oeuvre ( any k9d2  t a "y girl is 
insane to und]take oil-pa9t+1 & %\ld    

cont5t h]self ) p5cil-sket*es3 t1       
moreov]1 sci5ce is  ( all ?+s ! mo/     
dang]\s = wom52 t no woman mu/  occupy  
h]self ) sci5ce "u pa9 ( be+ ridicul\s &
  unhappy2 &1 f9ally1 t a coquette is f>
 easi] to m>ry  ?an a s*ol>4 ,9 virtue (
 ?is la/ argum5t1 :i* embraces  ! prec$+
 ones1 ,m4 de ,mai/re recomm5ds !m all  
to return  to _! "w-baskets1 conc$+1    
h[ev]1 ! consecration ( a  few h\rs to  
/udy by way ( di/raction4    #bf    ,b  
let !m bew>e ( wi%+ to enl>ge _!        
intellig5ce &  und]take great ?+s4 ,!y  
w\ld be nicknam$ ,dame  b>bue4          
,moreov]1 x is n 9 ! m$iocrity (        
education t _!  weakness lies3 x is _!  
weakness t makes m$iocrity (  education 
inevitable4 ,9 "o ^w1 !y are radically  
incapable  ( any?+ great or s]i\s 9 !   
way ( culture4    ,p]haps x w\ld be     
presumption to conte/ ass]tions s firm &
  uncompromis+4 ,i %all n attempt x4 ,i 
%all beg leave to  inquire--= ?is is !  
mo/ important po9t n[--:e!r or  n ^!    
pr9ciples lead u logically & imp]i\sly  

to !  conclusion ( ,m4 de ,mai/re2 if a 
woman1 :o w\ld make h]  husb& happy1    
educate h] *ildr5 well1 & n trans=m     
h]self into an ape 9 ord] to emulate    
man1 mu/  !re=e r5\nce n only ! ex]cise 
( all creative faculty  9 art &         
lit]ature1 b also ( s]i\s self-culture1 
& turn  to h] "w-basket ) no bett]      
consolation ?an ! assurance  t ,pek9 is 
n 9 ,europe1 & t ,alex&] did n ask 9    
m>riage ! h& ( a niece ( ,l\is ,,xiv4   
,,ii4      ,! ,"q ,fairly ,/at$4        
,be=e grappl+ ) a subject1 "o %\ld      
cle>ly def9e its  significance4    ,let 
u set aside ! "n ( le>n$ wom51 s        
/rangely misus$  s9ce ! days ( ,molire4 
,we ,fr5*m5 are too apt to settle  great
 que/ions ) a je/2 s5d+ silly prejudices
 d[n to  po/]ity to be n\ri%$ &         
p]petuat$ = c5turies ) idle  raill]ies4 
,9 ! fir/ place1 is !re n a j di/9ction 
to be made1 le/ we commit ! error (     
conf\nd+ 9 ! same  ana!ma /udi\s wom5 ) 
le>n$ wom51 cultivat$ wom5 )  absurd    
wom51 wom5 ( s5se1 reflection1 & s]i\s  

habits (  application ) p$ants8    ,is x
 n evid5t t ,molire1 9 8 ,femmes        
,savantes1  attack$ nei!r /udy nor      
education1 b p$antry1 z 9 8  ,t>tuffe he
 attack$ hypocrisy1 n g5u9e devotion8   
,did n ,molire himself write ?is        
beautiful l9e8      ,et je veux qu'une  
femme ait des cl>ts de t\t    ,) ^!     
prelim9>y words1 ,i ent] on ! "q4 ,!    
:ole  !ory ( ,m4 de ,mai/re is r$uc$ to 
?is ass]tion3 t wom5  %\ld conf9e       
!mselves to _! own doma9 & n invade t  (
 m54 ,agre$6 b let u see :at is man's   
peculi> doma94 ,is  man by div9e "r !   
sole proprietor ( ! doma9 (             
intellig5ce8 ,god has res]v$ to him     
physical =ce1 & ,i agree  ) ,m4 de      
,mai/re t1 not)/&+ ,judi? & ,joan (     
,arc1  wom5 %\ld n presume to be> arms  
or to lead armies4 ,b is  intellig5ce   
measur$ out to !m 9 ! same exact        
proportions  & ) ! same limitations z   
physical /r5g?8 ,i h nev]  ?\ght s4 ,!  
p5 seems to me z well plac$ 9 ! h& ( ,/4
  ,!resa z 9 t ( ,m4 de ,mai/re2 & ,i   

select h] "n )  ! int5tion ( cit+ _m m 9
 ! foll[+ pages1 because  ! "n ( ,/4    
,!resa alone suffices to refute !       
argum5t  t wom5 %\ld n write = ! reason 
t !y h nev]  %[n sup]ior ability 9      
writ+4 ,/4 ,!resa is "o ( !  greate/1 if
 n ! greate/1 prose-writ] ( ,spa91 & %e 
ev5 cultivat$ poetry occasionally4      
,beyond discussion1 a woman's great     
m]it1 h] incomp>able honor1  lies 9 re>+
 h] *ildr5 wisely & 9 mak+ m52 z h]     
de>e/ privilege & h] fir/ duty lies 9   
mak+ h] husb&  happy4 ,b precisely 9    
ord] to make m51 & to ensure !  virtue &
 happ9ess ( h] husb& & *ildr51 a woman  
mu/ be  /rong 9 intellig5ce1 /rong 9    
judgm5t & "*1  assidu\s1 indu/ri\s1 &   
att5tive4  #bg  ,9 ! words ( ,scripture1
 t look1 t beauty1 t goodness1  :i*     
adorn & embelli% a :ole h\sehold1 mu/ be
 illum9$  f on high2 7sicut sol ori5s   
mundo1 sic muli]88  ,transcrib]'s note3 
,illegible bona species 9 ornam5tum     
domus  ejus47 ,! h& t holds ! di/aff &  
manages h\sehold  matt]s %\ld be guid$  

by a head capable ( conceiv+ & (        
gov]n+4 ,! portrait sket*$ by ,solomon  
is n t ( a  woman engross$ solely )     
mat]ial life2 x is t ( an able  woman2  
&1 if h] *ildr5 rise up & call h]       
glori\s &  bless$1 x is because %e has  
an elevat$ s5se ( ! affairs  ( life1 a  
provid5t c>e = ! future1 & a solicitude 
=  s\ls2 because %e /&s on a level ) !  
noble/ duties &  ! mo/ s]i\s ?\ghts2 9  
"o ^w1 because %e is an  intellig5t     
companion wor?y ( a sp\se :o sits at !  
gates (  ! city ^u ! mo/ exalt$ b5* (   
ju/ice4    ,i c\ld quote o!r passages f 
,holy ,scripture prov+ t  natural       
sci5ce1 art1 sacr$ lit]ature1 poetry1 & 
eloqu5ce  7 n =eign to ! education (    
,israeliti% maid5s or to  ! c>e] (      
,jewi% wom54 ,0 x n ! "m ( ,samuel :o   
proclaim$ ,god ! ,"l ( k & ! ,giv] (    
und]/&+8 ,0 x n ,miriam1 ! si/] (       
,moses1 :o taught  music & sacr$        
canticles to ! "y ,israelites8    ,b x  
is especially s9ce ! enunciation ( !    
gospel t !  intellectual & moral dignity

 ( woman has be5 elevat$1 &  t ,*ri/ian 
wom5 h tak5 s noble a place 9 human     
society4 ,:at ,i dem& is1 t absurd      
prejudices1 co>se names1  & worn-out    
je/s %\ld n drag !m d[n f ! exalt$  rank
 assign$ to !m by ! gospel into         
frivolity &  mat]ialism4    ,let me be  
cle>ly und]/ood4 ,i desire1 above all1 n
 femmes  savantes1 b1 = ! sake ( husb&s1
 *ildr51 &  h\seholds1 intellig5t1      
att5tive1 & judici\s wom51              
well-in/ruct$ 9 all ?+s necess>y &      
useful = !m to  "k z mo!rs1 heads (     
h\seholds1 & wom5 ( ! _w2  nev]         
disda9ful ( practical duties1 b kn[+ h[ 
to occupy  n only _! f+]s1 b _! m9ds1   
und]/&+ !  cultivation ( ! :ole s\l4 ,& 
,i add t we ought to dread  z disa/r\s  
evils ^? frivol\s1 giddy1 self-indulg5t 
wom5  :o1 9 idl5ess1 ignorance1 &       
dissipation1 seek = pleasure  &         
amusem5t2 :o are ho/ile to ex]tion & to 
almo/ e  duty1 incapable ( /udy or (    
cont9u\s m5tal ef=t1 &  !re=e unfitt$ to
 ex]cise any important influ5ce ov] !   

education ( _! *ildr51 or ov] ! affairs 
( _!  h\sehold or ( _! husb&s4          
,,iii4    ,on ^! conditions ,i will+ly  
resign ! "n ( le>n$ woman1  claim+ x =  
no "o4 ,& yet be=e lay+ x aside1 ,i w\ld
  rem>k t ages m ,*ri/ian ?an our own 7 
f> f  disda9+ x4 ,! disciple & biograph]
 ( ! illu/ri\s ,/4  ,boniface pla9ly    
tells u t ,/4 ,boniface lov$ ,/4 ,lioba 
=  h] solid erudition1 eruditionis      
sapi5tia4 ,?is admirable  virg91 9 :om !
 light ( ! ,holy ,gho/ enhanc$ an       
enlight5m5t labori\sly acquir$ f /udy1  
unit$ to purity  & humility 7^? virtues 
:i* pres]ve all ?+s 9 a he>t7  a k (    
!ology & canon law t became "o ( !      
glories ( ! new-born ,g]man *ur*4 ,&1   
moreov]1 ,/4  ,boniface1 f> f despis+ 8 
spiritual daught]'s ef=ts to  rise to   
intellectual pursuits1 sometimes robb$ !
 apo/olate (  h\rs :i* he deem$ well    
sp5t 9 correct+ ! lit]>y  compositions &
 ,lat9 v]ses ( ,lioba1 & 9 answ]+ h] 9 a
  simil> /yle2 poetic messages c>ri$    
across seas by confessors  & m>tyrs4    

#bh    ,& if1 go+ back to e>li] ages1 we
 closely exam9e !  records ( hi/ory1 we 
f9d t1 aft] ! e/abli%m5t (  ,*ri/ianity1
 fem99e names are con/antly met ) on !  
lit]>y monum5ts mo/ rev]$ by po/]ity2 z1
 = in/ance1  ! celebrat$ ,hypatia1 :o _h
 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria = a  disciple2 !   
illu/ri\s ,/4 ,ca?>9e1 tea*] ( ,*ri/ian 
philosophy2 &1 aga91 ,/4 ,p]petua1 :o   
wrote ! acts ( h]  own m>tyrdom &       
record$ ! glory ( h] companions4    ,:5 
peace 0 re/or$ to ! *ur*1 & ! age (     
doctors  comm5c$1 succe$+ ! age (       
m>tyrs1 :o 7 m  celebrat$ = ! gravity ( 
_! m9ds & ! ext5t ( _!  k ?an ! ,paulas1
 ! ,m>cellas1 ,melanias1 &  ,eu/o*iums1 
) _m o!r sa9ts & noble ,*ri/ian wom58   
,rememb] ,/4 ,m>cella1 9 :om ,/4 ,j]ome 
f\nd s p[]ful an  auxili>y aga9/ h]esy2 
& ,/4 ,paula1 :o inspir$ ,/4 ,j]ome  to 
und]take 8 noble/ & mo/ important works1
 ! ,lat9  translation ( ! ,bible f !    
,hebrew text1 & a complete  s]ies (     
comm5t>ies ^u ! prophets4    ,no?+ is   
f9] ?an ,/4 ,paula's lett] to ,/4       

,m>cella4 ,!re  we see all t ,m>cella _h
 done to elevate ! s\ls & !  intellig5ce
 ( wom5 & maid5s :o call$ h] _! "m2  !re
 we compreh5d ! intellig5ce & ! eloqu5ce
 ( ,/4  ,paula4 ,footnote #b            
,footnote #b3 ,we read ) great int]e/ 9 
,! ,hi/ory (      ,/4 ,paula1 j publi%$ 
by ,m4 l',abb ,f4 ,lagrange1 ^?         
*apt]s devot$ to ! /udies 9 ,holy       
,scripture ( ,roman      ladies 9 ,/4   
,j]ome's s*ool1 & to ^? ( ,/4 ,paula    
made      at ,be?lehem1 "u ! direction (
 ! same sa9t4    ,:o does n "k :at      
,!resa 0 9 ! foll[+ c5tury to  ,/4      
,paul9us1 ^: reputation is z mu* ! glory
 ( ,aquita9e  z ! "n ( ,ausonius8 ,:o   
does n "k t ,elpicia 7! wife  ( ,bo?ius7
 compos$ hymns adopt$ by ! ,roman       
liturgy8    ,9 ! mid/ ( b>b>ism         
education 0 "o ( ! fir/  conditions     
impos$ on ,*ri/ian virg9s4 ,^? :o ev9c$ 
an  aptitude = lit]>y pursuits 7 disp5s$
 f manual labor1  accord+ to ! precept (
 ,/4 ,ces>ius1 t !y might devote        
!mselves exclusively to intellectual "w4

 ,9 mo/ mona/]ies  we he> ( !m engross$ 
9 /udy1 writ+1 translat+1  copy+1 or    
deciph]+ )\t int]ruption4    ,/4        
,radegonde1 n cont5t ) attract+ to      
,poiti]s "o ( !  la/ ,roman poets1      
induc$ him to give s complete a tra9+ to
  h] nuns z to =m among !m writ]s :o    
soon eclips$ _!  ma/]4 ,classic elegance
 & purity are reviv$ 9 ! writ+s  (      
,b&onovia4 ,all ! *>m ( ,*ri/ian        
inspiration is reveal$  9 ! hymn        
improvis$ by a nun ( ,poiti]s at ! mom5t
 (  ,radegonde's dea?1 & "o ( ! e>lie/  
fl[]s ( ! new  poetic era blooms ov] !  
grave ( ?is holy que5 :o s lov$  lett]s4
    ,! mona/]ies ( ,engl&1 ,irel&1 &    
,france 7 nurs]ies  = erudite & dev\t   
wom54    ,x is prov$ beyond dispute by  
num]\s & well-au!nticat$  witnesses1    
says ,m4 de ,montalemb]t1 t lit]>y      
/udies 7  cultivat$ 9 female mona/]ies 9
 ,engl& dur+ ! sev5?  & eigh? c5turies1 
) no less assiduity & p]sev]ance  ?an 9 
communities ( m52 p]haps ) ev5 m        
en?usiasm4  ,anglo-,saxon nuns did n    

neglect ! occupations prop] = _!  sex4  
,b manual labor 0 f> f satisfy+ !m4  #bi
  ,!y will+ly left di/aff & ne$le1 n    
only to transcribe  manuscripts & adorn 
m9iatures accord+ to ! ta/e ( !  day1 b 
/ill (t5] to read & /udy holy books1 !  
fa!rs  ( ! *ur*1 or ev5 classic au?ors4 
,footnote #c        ,footnote #c3 ,monks
 ( ! ,we/1 vol4 v4 ,?is fif?            
volume1 & ! two prec$+ ones1 writt5 dur+
 a cruel      & p]si/5t malady1 a/oni% u
 by ! p[]ful impulse1      ! t5d]ness & 
l(t9ess ( s5tim5t :i* !y brea!2      %[+
 h[ /eadily a valiant1 ,*ri/ian s\l c   
hold      itself erect amid ! mo/       
griev\s physical & moral      trials4   
,^! are books t ,i w\ld gladly see 9 !  
h&s      ( ev]yone2 today especially1 :5
 we are ov]:elm$ ) a      mal>ia-ta9t$  
lit]ature4    ,/4 ,g]trude1 "u          
,dagob]t's guidance1 le>n$ ! ,holy      
,scriptures entirely by he>t & translat$
 !m f ! ,greek4  ,%e s5t beyond seas to 
,irel& = ma/]s to tea* music1  poetry1 &
 ,greek to ! cloi/]$ virg9s ( ,nivelle4 

,f all  ^! gl[+ c5tres issu$ %9+ lights2
 z1 = in/ance1  ,lioba1 f\ndress ( !    
abbey ( ,ri*(%eim2 ,ros)a1 & ,/4        
,bridget4 ,x 0 by ,/4 ,edwiga t ! /udy (
 ,greek 0  introduc$ into ! mona/]y (   
,/4 ,gall4 ,& ! enlight5m5t  ( ! le>n$  
,hilda 0 s highly e/eem$ 9 !            
,anglo-,saxon  *ur* t m ?an once ! holy 
abbess1 scre5$ beh9d a  veil1 0 pres5t  
at ! delib]ations ( bi%ops assembl$ 9   
synod or c\ncil1 :o crav$ ! advice ( "o 
:om !y reg>d$  z especially illum9$ by !
 ,holy ,gho/4    ,x w\ld make a li/ too 
long to record ! examples ( all !  wom5 
9 :om sanctity 0 accompani$ by a gift ( 
lum9\s  sci5ce4    ,we may "n "h a      
daught] ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1         
,cecilia1  abbess ( a mona/]y at ,ca52 !
 illu/ri\s ,emma1 abbess (  ,/4 ,am&2 &1
 above all1 ,h]rade1 :o a/oni%$ h]      
contempor>ies by le>n$ cosmological     
works1 compris+ all !  sci5ce ( h] day4 
,9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ,/4 ,hildeg>de      
receiv$ revelations  conc]n+ ! physical 
con/itution ( our globe1 & wrote        

treatises ^u ! laws ( nature1 anticipat+
 mod]n sci5ce4  ,no?+ surpasses !       
elevation & nobility ( intellect        
reveal$ 9 ! v>i\s works ( ?is illu/ri\s 
woman4    ,x 0 ,/4 ,elizabe?1 ( ,!nawge1
 :o wrote ! admirable page  quot$ 9 !   
logic ( ,pre ,gratry4 ,/4 ,hildeg>de &  
,/4  ,elizabe? bo? liv$ 9 mona/]ies on !
 banks ( ! ,rh9e1  :]e wom5 wrote1      
pa9t$1 & work$2 :]e !y did wond]ful     
?+s1 says ,pre ,gratry4    ,:at c we say
 ( ,/4 ,ca?>9e ( ,si5a1 :o %>es ! glory 
( ! great writ]s8 asks ,ozanam4    ,m4  
de ,mai/re ma9ta9s t a "y girl is insane
 to ?9k  ( pa9t+4 ,& yet sa9ts h _h ?is 
mania4 ,/4  ,ca?>9e ( ,bologna 0 a      
celebrat$ m9iaturi/4 ,%e wrote  le>n$   
treatises & pa9t$ *ef-d'oeuvres2 %e     
compos$  sacr$ music & p]fect$ musical  
in/rum5ts2 ev5 on h]  dea?-b$ %e play$  
on in/rum5ts ^: conception &  execution 
belong to h]4 ,x is = ?is reason t %e is
  repres5t$ ov] alt>s hold+ ! lyre or   
viola inv5t$ by  h]self4    ,foll[+ all 
^! names claim$ by ! arts z well z by   

lit]ature comes t ( ,/4 ,!resa1 already 
cit$ above4 ,"h  ,m4 de ,mai/re is      
vanqui%$4 ,yes1 g5ius has desc5d$ ^u a  
fem99e intellect1 end[+ x ) a gift z    
brilliant z any  t c be cit$4 ,"o might 
dread ! guilt ( pr(anation 9  us+ !     
words *ef-d'oeuvre & human g5ius 9      
speak+  ( ^? sublime pages p5etrat$ ) a 
div9e light1 ^?  m>vell\s e*oes ( heav5 
t /ir our s\ls ev5 on e>?4  ,b :]e c we 
f9d ! beautiful realiz$ ) m vividness1  
m simplicity1 m nature & gr&eur8    #cj 
,if all ^! names h be5 ! names ( sa9ts  
^: aim &  supreme inspiration 0         
religion1 :y wond]8 ,i h already said  t
 wom5 _h be5 elevat$ by ,*ri/ianity1    
he>t1 s\l1 &  und]/&+4 ,!y ow$ to       
,*ri/ianity ! homage ( all !  gifts x _h
 be/[$ ^u !m1 & t homage !y r5d]$4      
,to complete ?is ha/y outl9e ( ! hi/ory1
 n s mu* (  le>n$ z ( intellig5t wom51  
wom5 ( m9d & he>t1 (  fai? & ,*ri/ian   
virtue1 ,i w m5tion t1 9 times m  ne>ly 
approa*+ our own1 ,*ri/9a ,pisani wrote 
admirable  memoirs ( ,*>les ,v41 9 :i*  

we f9d great moral elevation z  well z a
 *>m+ /yle4    ,let me "n1 also1        
,elizabe? ( ,valois & ,m>y ,/u>t1 :o    
c>ri$ on a ,lat9 correspond5ce = sev]al 
ye>s conc]n+  ! advantages ( lit]>y     
/udies4 ,elizabe? ,s>ani1 "o ( !  mo/   
religi\s pa9t]s ( ! ,bolognese s*ool 9 !
  sev5te5? c5tury2 ,hel5a ,corn>o1 9 !  
sixte5? c5tury1  0 made doctor at       
,milan1 & di$ 9 ! odor ( sanctity4 ,&   
!n :at a *>m+ writ] 0 ! ,mre de ,*augy 9
 !  beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury6    ,9   
conclusion1 ,i w m5tion ,mademoiselle de
 ,lg>dire1 :o  wrote a "w e/eem$ by ,m4 
,guizot z ! mo/ in/ructive n[  extant ^u
 anci5t ,fr5* law4 ,x 0 a woman1 !n1 :o 
consecrat$ a life1 9 :i* sev]e labor &  
*>itable actions  alone f\nd place1 to !
 execution ( ! fir/ "w t op5$  ! way to 
new discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce1 a "w (   
prodigi\s erudition1 ,! ,political ,!ory
 ( ,fr5* ,laws4  ,?is savante1 = s we   
mu/ call h]1 liv$ 9 an  isolat$ *ateau1 
:]e h] piety 0 an example to all :o knew
  h]1 & left a memory v5]at$ by h]      

c\ntrywom54    ,_m o!r examples c\ld be 
cit$ to ree/abli% ! epi!t  le>n$ woman2 
b ,i promis$ to resign x1 & resign x  ,i
 d q will+ly4    ,m4 de ,mai/re         
concludes 8 diss]tation by say+3 ,wom5 h
  nev] creat$ ma/]pieces6 ,does he mean 
to ass]t t _!  intellectual ef=ts h be51
 & t !y always w be1  /]ile8 ,we h se51 
& hi/ory proves1 to :at po9t !  ex]tions
 & ! acquirem5ts ( wom5 h contribut$ to 
!  pres]vation ( anci5t lit]ature4 ,x is
 a h>d measure to expel  !m f ! %ip !y h
 help$ to rescue f ! /orms (  b>b>ism4  
,moreov]1 "o ne$ n create ma/]pieces to 
prove  ! possession ( tal5t4 ,god s5ds  
dew to little fl[]s z well  z to great  
trees4 ,humble works may receive !      
fecundity ( a  good action4 ,! success (
 our adv]s>ies mu/ be our  enc\ragem5t4 
,if wom5 ( tal5t h done s mu* mis*ief1  
!n ,*ri/ian wom5 mu/ /ruggle on ! same  
gr\nd4 ,!re are  a great _m books1 & "o 
book m is b a drop 9 !  ocean--true6    
,all are n de/9$ to di/9ction &         
immortality4 ,"s mu/ console a few s\ls 

only1 &1 l daily  bread1 meet ! day's   
requirem5ts1 )\t endur+ until !  morr[4 
,if y "w = ,god & = y\rself1 says ,/4   
,augu/9e1 !  bett] to he$ ! utt]ance ( !
 ,^w )9 y1 !re w  always be a few be+s  
:o w und]/& y4    ,^! words are an      
enc\ragem5t = all humble works1 = all   
fai?ful ef=ts1 t1 :ile develop+ !       
faculties receiv$  f ,god1 "k n to :at  
purpose !y are de/9$4 ,let ea*  "o      
cultivate h] natural faculties4         
,intellig5ce is "o ( !  noble/ ( gifts1 
& 9 ! field ( ! fa!r ( ! family no      
labor] mu/ /& unoccupi$1 useless1 )\t   
toil & )\t  recomp5se4    #ca    ,b1 x  
may be argu$1 mo/ ( ! examples br\ght   
=w>d prove  only t wom5 are especially  
fitt$ = ,*ri/ian le>n+4 ,i  recognize ! 
fact4 ,inspiration1 desc5d+ into _!     
s\ls1  rises aga9 m directly t[>d ,god4 
,_! tal5ts mu/ be  intimately alli$ )   
virtue1 & %9e =? l ^? pure  rays t are  
fill$ ) ! light & w>m? ( ! c5tre  :5ce  
!y emanate4    ,b1 alas6 "o mu/         
recognize also ! fact t wom5 born )     

tal5ts & = works ( ! fir/ ord] h too (t5
 nev]  f\nd ?is supreme s\rce4 ,m4 de   
,mai/re1 aft] dis*>g+ 8  unju/ sple5    
aga9/ ,madame de ,/al1 call+ h]         
disc\rte\sly  ,sci5ce 9 petticoats1 & an
 imp]t95t femmelette  ^: works he       
qualifies z gorge\s rags1 confesses1    
f9ally1  9 "o ( ^? impetu\s             
contradictions s famili> to him1 t      
,madame de ,/al ne$$ only ! tor* ( tru? 
to raise h]  imm5se abilities to !      
highe/ grade4 ,if %e _h be5 a  ,ca?olic1
 he says lat]1 %e w\ld h be5 adorable   
in/ead  ( be+ fam\s4 ,:at w\ld he h said
 ( ! female writ]s  ( our own day8      
,:at intellectual ru9s6 ,:at grief x is 
t tal5ts l ^?  ( ,madame de ---- &      
,madame ---- %\ld be lo/ to ! good      
cause6--s\ls t 9 _! fall be> /ill !     
impress ( !  div9e ray2 crumbl+ temples 
t seem to be /ruggl+ to rise  f _! ru9s1
 utt]+ f ! dep?s ( _! desolation  pla9ts
 l ^!3      ,o my greatness6 ,o my      
/r5g?6 y h pass$ l a    /orm-cl\d2 y h  
fall5 ^u ! e>? to ravage x l a          

?und]bolt4 ,y h smitt5 ) b>r5ness & dea?
 all !    fruits & all ! blossoms ( my  
field4 ,y h made ( x a    desolate ar5a1
 :]e ,i sit solit>y 9 ! mid/ ( my ru9s4 
,o my greatness6 ,o my /r5g?6 7 y good  
or evil angels8      ,o my pride6 ,o my 
k6 y rose up l burn+    :irlw9ds scatt]$
 by ! simoom ?r\gh ! des]t2 l    gravel1
 l du/ y h buri$ ! palm-trees1 y h      
tr\bl$ & exhau/$ ! wat]-spr+s4 ,& ,i    
s\ght !    /ream to qu5* my ?ir/1 & ,i  
f\nd x n2 = !    ins5sate :o w\ld cut 8 
way ov] ! pr\d peaks ( ,horeb    =gets !
 l[ly pa? t leads to ! %ad[y f\nta94 ,o 
my    pride6 ,o my k6 7 y ! envoys ( !  
,"l8 7    y spirits ( d>kness8      ,o  
my religion6 ,o my hope6 y h swept me l 
a fragile &    wav]+ b>k ov] %oreless   
seas1 ?r\gh bewild]+ fogs1    vague     
illusions1 dimme/ images ( an unkn[n    
c\ntry2 &    :51 we>y ) /ruggl+ aga9/ ! 
w9ds1 &1 groan+1    b[$ d[n b5ea? !     
tempe/1 ,i ask$ y :i!r y l$ me1    y    
light$ beacons ^u ! rocks to %[ me :at  
to avoid1    n :]e to f9d safety4 ,o my 

religion6 ,o my hope6 7 y a    dream (  
madness1 or ! voice ( ! liv+ ,god8      
,no2 ^! impulses t[>d heav51 ?is ne$ (  
,god1 ?is  /r5g?1 ?is pride1 ?is        
greatness1 7 n bad angels2 !y  7 great &
 noble faculties1 sublime gifts4 ,b !y  
%\ld  n h be5 delud$6 ,!y %\ld n h be5  
misl$ into  vanity & falsehood6 ,!y %\ld
 h be5 employ$ = good  ends1 & n turn$  
into spirits ( d>kness4    #cb          
,,iv4               ,duty4      ,!      
rights ( wom5 to intellectual culture   
are n m]ely  rights1 !y are also duties4
 ,?is is :at makes !m  inali5able4 ,if  
!y 7 only rights1 wom5 c\ld sacrifice   
!m2 b !y are duties4 ,! sacrifice is    
ei!r impossible or  ru9\s4    ,?is is ! 
po9t ( dep>ture = all ,i h to say4 ,i   
decl>e  unhesitat+ly t x is a woman's   
duty to /udy & educate  h]self1 & t     
intellectual labor %\ld h a place res]v$
  among h] special occupations & among  
h] mo/ important  obligations4    ,!    
primordial reasons ( ?is obligation are 
grave1 ( div9e  orig91 & absolutely     

unansw]able2 namely3    ,9 ! fir/ place1
 ,god has conf]r$ no useless gifts2 =   
all  ! ?+s he has made !re is a reason &
 an aim4 ,if !  companion ( man is a    
reasonable creature2 if1 l man1 %e is   
made 9 ! image & lik5ess ( ,god2 if %e1 
too1 has receiv$  f h] ,creator !       
sublime/ ( gifts1 und]/&+1 %e ought  to 
make use ( x4    ,^! gifts1 receiv$ f   
,god = an especial purpose1 mu/ be      
cultivat$4 ,scripture tells u t s\ls    
left to wa/e1 l  fall[ gr\nd1 br+ =?    
only wild fruits1 sp9es et  tribulos4 ,&
 ,god did n make ! s\ls ( wom51 any m   
?an ! s\ls ( m51 to be %ift+1 b>r51 or  
unheal?y soil4    ,moreov]1 e reasonable
 creature is to r5d] to ,god an  acc\nt 
( 8 gifts4 ,ea* "o 9 ! judgm5t day w be 
dealt  ) accord+ to ! gifts he has      
receiv$ & ! use he has  made ( !m4      
,god has giv5 u all h&s1 7:i*1 accord+  
to !  int]pret]s1 signify prompt &      
intellig5t action17 b on  condition t we
 d n br+ !m to him empty4 ,aga91 he has 
categorically expla9$ 8 int5tions 9 !   

p>able ( !  tal5ts1 :]e he decl>es t a  
/rict acc\nt mu/ be r5d]$  to him1 tal5t
 by tal5t4 ,i d n "k a fa!r ( ! *ur* or 
any morali/ :o has ev] ass]t$ t ?is     
p>able did n  conc]n wom5 z well z m54  
,!re is no s]i\s di/9ction to  be made4 
,ea* mu/ give an acc\nt ( :at he has    
receiv$2 &  good human s5se1 l good     
div9e s5se1 pla9ly indicates t  "o sex  
has no m "r ?an ! o!r to bury or to wa/e
 !  possessions grant$ by ,heav5 to be  
employ$ & increas$4    ,9 %ort1 ,i say )
 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 no creature to :om ,god  
has  confid$ ! lamp ( intellig5ce has a 
"r to behave l a  fooli% virg91 lett+ ! 
oil become exhau/$ because %e has       
neglect$ to r5ew x2 lett+ t light die   
out t 0 to  h enlight5$ h] pa? & t (    
o!rs too1 if only1 z 9  ! case ( "s     
wives & mo!rs1 t ( h] husb& &  *ildr54  
,! g5]ality ( books relat+ to ! m]its1 !
 de/9ies1  & ! virtues ( woman1 f> f    
consid]+ h] z a be+  creat$ 9 ! image ( 
,god1 intellig5t1 free1 & responsible   
to h] ,creator = h] actions1 treat ( h] 

z a possession (  man1 made solely =    
him1 & ^: end he is4 ,9 all ^!  books1 a
 woman is only a bloom+ creature meant  
to be ador$1  b n respect$--a be+       
ess5tially inf]ior ^: exi/5ce  has no   
o!r aim ?an to secure ! happ9ess ( man1 
or b5d to  8 mo/ frivol\s purposes2     
dep5d5t1 above all1 ^u man1 :o  alone is
 h] ma/]1 h] legislator1 & h]           
judge--absolutely1  z if %e _h no s\l1  
no consci5ce1 no moral lib]ty2 z if ,god
  7 no?+ to h]2 z if he _h n end[$ h]   
s\l )  crav+s1 faculties1 aspirations1 9
 "o ^w1 ) rights t  are at ! same "t    
duties4    #cc    ,! _w declaims1 & )   
reason1 aga9/ ! futility (  wom51 aga9/ 
_! love ( approbation1 & :at is call$   
_! coquetry4 ,b is n ?is futility       
produc$ & propagat$  by ! fe> ( mak+ !m 
le>n$1 ( too fully develop+ _!          
intellig5ce8--z if su* a ?+ 7 possible1 
z if t true  developm5t ?r\gh :i* "o    
bett] und]/&s duty1 & le>ns  to         
calculate consequ5ces1 c\ld be injuri\s4
 ,are n wom5 :o  h s]i\s ta/es oblig$ to

 hide !m or make excuses = !m  by e     
means 9 _! p[]1 z if !y 7 conceal+ a    
fault8    ,or if1 inde$1 a woman is     
all[$ to educate h]self1 x is only  )9 v
 re/rict$ limits1 & m]ely1 accord+ to ! 
wi%es ( ,m4 de ,mai/re1 t %e may und]/& 
! conv]sation  ( m51 or t %e may be m   
amus+1 & set (f h] trill+  talk 9 a m   
piquant fa%ion by m+l+ x ) odds & ends  
( wisdom4 ,) su* a dread does ! le>n$   
woman inspire idle  & frivol\s m5 :o w  
nei!r "w !mselves nor let any  "o else  
"w4    ,9 pla9] t]ms /ill3 does n !     
pres5t sy/em ( education  create & fo/] 
coquetry & a love ( admiration1 by mak+ 
man ! only end ( woman's de/9y8 ,x is   
va9 to tell h] t  %e is de/9$ = "o      
alone1 & t all o!rs %\ld be to  h] z if 
!y exi/$ n4 ,?is is p]fectly true f a   
,*ri/ian po9t ( view1 :i* embraces at   
once all rights &  all duties2 b ap>t f 
,*ri/ian virtue1 :5 t "o proves  t$i\s1 
vici\s1 & absolutely unwor?y (          
affection1 & :5  temptation pres5ts     
itself "u ! traits ( ano!r1 a  sup]ior  

be+1 7or "o :o seems to be sup]ior17 =  
:om alone  %e believes h]self creat$1   
h[1 ,i ask1 c y p]suade h] to  fly f !  
latt] & live only = ! =m]8 ,imprud5t &  
fatal guide t y are1 y h taught h] t %e 
is an  incomplete be+1 :o _c suffice to 
h]self1 :o mu/ lean  ^u ! sup]iority (  
ano!r2 & !n y compla9 because1  :5 %e   
meets ?is support1 ?is o!r & tru] half (
  h]self1 %e cl+s to x1 & _c fly f !    
fatal  attraction6 ,und5iably %e        
violates ! holie/ ( obligations2  b h y 
n y\rselves be5 bl9d & guilty8 ,are y n 
s  /ill8    ,i h no hesitation 9 ass]t+ 
t only ,*ri/ian morality  c tea* a woman
 ) absolute & decisive au?ority h] true 
rights & h] true duties 9 _! necess>y   
correlation4    ,until y h p]suad$ a    
woman t %e is fir/ creat$ =  ,god1 =    
h]self1 = h] own s\l1 & 9 ! second place
 =  h] husb& & *ildr51 to value !m next 
to ,god1 ) ,god1  & = ,god1 y w h done  
no?+ ei!r = ! happ9ess  or ! honor (    
families4    ,( c\rse1 husb& & wife are 
two 9 "o1 & _! *ildr5  are "o 9 !m4 ,b1 

if ,god is n ! f\ndation ( ?is          
provid5tial union1 ,provid5ce w be      
av5g$1 & ! union  dissolv$4 ,?is is !   
mis=tune1 almo/ always irrep>able1  t s 
(t5 meets our eyes4 ,footnote #d        
,footnote #d3 ,does ! read] believe ^!  
w>n+s uncall$      = 9 ,am]ican society8
 ,we once expla9$ to a ,fr5*man !       
sy/em 9 vogue 9 _m ( our ,/ates1 (      
divorce foll[$ by      a second m>riage4
 ,ah6 said he1 9 ,france we call t a    
liaison ,trans4    ,?is excessive       
absorption ( ! p]sonality ( a wife  into
 h] husb&'s exi/5ce 0 useful1 p]haps1 = 
!  pres]vation ( ! antique matron4 ,su* 
moral & intellectual  re/rictions 7     
reasonable1 p]haps1 at a p]iod :5 duty  
_h  no sanction suffici5tly /rong4 ,!   
seclusion ( ! gynaeceum  may h s]v$ to  
pres]ve ! dome/ic circle f frightful    
disord]4  #cd  ,b a ,*ri/ian woman is   
consci\s ( a diff]5t de/9y4 ,=  h]      
gynaeceum & h>em are useless4 ,%e loves 
! be+ to :om  ,god has unit$ h] ) a     
t5d]ness & devotion r>ely met )  9 pagan

 times1 if "o may judge by ! eulogiums  
lavi%$ on  ^? :o approa*$ mo/ ne>ly !   
/&>d we see realiz$  e day4 ,! ,*ri/ian 
woman reg>ds h]self z h] husb&'s        
companion1 z 8 assi/ant 9 e>?ly z 9     
heav5ly ?+s1  socia1 adjutor9m2 z b\nd  
to console him & make 8  happ9ess2 b %e 
?9ks1 too1 t !y %\ld help ea* o!r  to   
become bett]1 & t1 aft] hav+ educat$    
toge!r new  elect1 !y %\ld %>e felicity 
toge!r ?r\gh all  et]nity4 ,= su*       
de/9ies1 a woman's education _c be too  
unremitt+1 too e>ne/1 or too /rong4     
,! contr>y sy/em re/s ^u a pagan        
appreciation ( h]  de/9y1 or1 z has be5 
said ) reason1 ^u ! idl5ess (  m5 :o wi%
 to pres]ve _! own sup]iority at small  
exp5se4  ,! pagan conception consi/s 9  
believ+ wom5 to be m]ely  *>m+          
creatures1 passive1 inf]ior1 & made only
 = man's  pleasure & amusem5t4 ,b1 z ,i 
h already said1 ,*ri/ianity  ?9ks       
diff]5tly4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity a woman's     
virtue1 l a  man's1 mu/ be intellig5t1  
volunt>y1 & active4 ,%e mu/  und]/& !   

full ext5t ( h] duties1 & "k h[ to draw 
conclusions f div9e tea*+ = h]self1 h]  
husb&1 &  h] *ildr54    ,?is prejudice  
aga9/ ! intellectual developm5t ( wom5  
is  "o ( ! mo/ culpable inv5tions ( !   
eighte5? c5tury1  t age ( pr(ligacy &   
impiety4 ,! ,reg5t & ,l\is ,,xv4 h      
fo/]$ x m ?an ,molire1 z !y h creat$ m  
prejudices aga9/ religion ?an ,t>tuffe4 
,x 0 useful  to all unpr9cipl$ husb&s to
 h wives z wor?less z  !mselves1 :o %\ld
 be incapable ( controll+ _!  disord]ly 
lives4    ,a sup]ior woman obliges h]   
husb& to dep5d ^u h]4 ,he is  =c$ to    
submit to ! control ( an intellig5t _s1 
&  does n feel free to foll[ 8 own      
caprices4 ,?is is :y  vici\s husb&s ne$ 
ignorant wives4    ,molire /ruck a bl[ z
 sev]e at frivolity1 9 !  ,prcieuses    
,ridicules1 ,footnote #e z at p$antry 9 
!  ,femmes ,savantes4 ,! eighte5? c5tury
 reta9$ m]ely a  prejudice conv5i5t to  
itself1 :i* ! reg5cy e/abli%$ z  a law1 
& f9ally lic5ti\s m5 surr5d]$ ! honor ( 
_!  familie r ?an f9d 9 a wife an       

inconv5i5t judge1 a  liv+ consci5ce1 an 
ev]-pres5t reproa*4 ,!y pref]r$ to  h   
wives z va9 & frivol\s z !mselves1 & to 
make (  m>riage a contract 9 :i* =tunes 
& titles only 7  consid]$1 & :]e        
affection on ei!r side w5t = no?+4  ,!  
_w saw ) affright ! corruption t spe$ily
 engulf$  ,fr5* society4      ,footnote 
#e3 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t ,molire's 
le>n$    wom5 _h only ! affectation & n 
! reality ( sci5ce1    j z ! prcieuses  
m]ely affect$ ! f9e language    & mann]s
 ( ! c\rt4 ,! =m] 7 ignorant wom5       
play+ ! "p ( savantes ! latt] prov9cial 
wom5    ap+ ,p>is fa%ions4    ,:y did n 
,m4 de ,mai/re1 :o saw ! rema9s ( ?is   
corruption  & ! *a/isem5ts x _h m]it$1  
und]/& t !  degrad$ position assign$ to 
wom5 0 "o ( its causes1 &  t prejudice  
aga9/ ! intellectual elevation ( wom5 0 
! "w ( vice8                   ,v4      
,! ,dang]s ( ,repression4    ,! v nature
 ( ?+s speaks pla9ly en\gh4 ,human      
nature 9  all its faculties dem&s       
in/ruction1 enl>gem5t1  enlight5m5t1    

elevation4  #ce  ,f my own obs]vation ,i
 mu/ ass]t t no?+ is m  dang]\s ?an     
smo!r$ faculties1 unansw]$ crav+s1      
unsatisfi$ hung] & ?ir/4 ,!nce comes !  
p]v]sion (  passions1 creat$ = noble    
ends1 b turn$ aga9/ tru? &  virtue4     
,!nce issue ^? di/ort$1 crook$1 & p]v]se
 ways  into :i* we are drawn by an      
ignorance incapable ( *oice1  judgm5t1  
or self-re/ra9t3 conv]si dirump5t vos1  
says  ! sacr$ writ]4 ,!re lies ! secret 
( _m falls1 _m  sc&als1 or1 at lea/1 (  
mu* wret*$ levity among wom56 ,if  ^!   
ri* & ard5t p[]s _h be5 cultivat$1 we   
ne$ n n[  deplore _! ru92 we %\ld n h to
 sigh ov] ! pitifully  incorrect        
intellectual /&>d1 ! m5tal weakness ( s 
_m  wom5 ( di/+ui%$ nature1 call$ to be 
ornam5ts to !  _w & to d honor to _!    
families1 b ( :om education1  *eck$ 9   
its developm5t1 has made elegant wom5   
p]haps1 at  ?irty ye>s ( age1 b         
frivol\s1 commonplace & useless4        
,surely no "o c s]i\sly contradict me 9 
^! ass]tions4    ,aga91 & ?is is a v    

important consid]ation3    ,m4 de       
,mai/re w\ld make a woman humble &      
virtu\s 9 !  aridity ( h] occupations1  
)\t any?+ to raise & console  h] beyond 
! k t ,pek9 is n 9 ,europe1 & s  on4    
,?is is impossible4 ,%e w n rema9 9 ?is 
humble sph]e4 ,if  we d n give h]       
intellectual int]e/s to recreate h] f  !
 mat]ial duties1 (t5 ov]:elm+1 t weigh  
h] d[n1 %e  w reject ^! v duties1 :i*   
humiliate h] :5 !y  come alone1 & seek  
relief f ennui 9 frivolity4  ,d n we see
 ?is e day8 ,let u n deceive ourselves4 
,! duties ( ! mi/ress ( a h\sehold1 ev] 
recurr+ ) a  ?\s& matt]-(-fact          
details--! responsibilities ( dome/ic   
life are (t5 we>isome & excessively     
we>isome4 ,:]e %all a  woman f9d        
consolation8 :o w give a legitimate     
impulse to h]  sometimes ov]-excit$     
imag9ation8 ,:o w (f] to h]  intellig5ce
 ! rightful satisfaction x dem&s1 &     
prev5t  h] f feel+ t %e is a m]e dome/ic
 drudge8    ,i h no hesitation 9 say+--&
 h[ _m exp]i5ces h  contribut$ to =tify 

my conviction6--t !re are times :5      
piety itself does n suffice6 ,"w1 &     
sometimes v s]i\s  intellectual "w1 is  
requir$4 ,draw+ & pa9t+ are n  en\gh1   
unless ! pa9t+ be ( a v elevat$ "*4 ,:at
  ! h\r calls = is a /rong & firm       
application ( !  und]/&+ to "s s]i\s "w1
 lit]>y1 philosophical1 or  religi\s4   
,!n w calmness1 peace1 s]5ity be re/or$4
 ,let  u ackn[l$ge ! tru?4 ,rigid       
pr9ciples & empty occupations1  devotion
 comb9$ ) a purely mat]ial or worldly   
life1 make  wom5 de/itute ( res\rces 9  
!mselves1 & sometimes  insupportable to 
_! husb&s & *ildr54    ,b all[ a woman  
two h\rs ( h>d /udy e day1 dur+ :i*  !  
faculties ( h] s\l c recov] _! balance1 
p]plexities  assume _! true proportions1
 good s5se & judgm5t resume  _! sway1   
excitem5t subside1 & peace re5t] ! s\l3 
!n  %e w lift up h] head once m2 %e w   
see t !  intellectual life to :i* %e    
aspires1 9 accordance ) a  crav+        
implant$ 9 h] be+ by ,god himself1 is n 
d5i$ to  h]4 ,!n %e w be able to fall on

 h] knees & accept life  ) its duties1 &
 bless ! div9e w4    #cf    ,?is is !   
fruit ( g5u9e "w p]=m$ 9 ! pres5ce (    
,god4 ,x r5d]s h] s\l submissive1       
sometimes m s ?an  pray] itself4 ,x     
re/ores h] to ord] & good s5se1         
satisfy+ )9 h] a j & noble desire4    ,i
 h sometimes he>d mo!rs say t !y dread$ 
= _!  *ildr5 faculties ov]/epp+ ord9>y  
proportions1 & t  !y %\ld endeavor to   
repress !m4 ,:at use are !y8 x is  said3
 ,h[ c a place be f\nd = ^! great       
abilities 9 t  real life1 ) its n>r[1   
cramp$ limits1 :i* beg9s =  wom5 at !   
close ( _! e>lie/ y\?8 ,^! rem>ks h     
secretly %ock$ me4 ,:at6 w\ld y *eck !  
expansion ( t  faire/ ( div9e works1 a  
s\l :]e ,god has implant$ a g]m (  ideal
 life8 ,y respect ?is gift 9 m51 provid$
 t x be  employ$ 9 practical life1 & t x
 s]ve to make money or  create a social 
position4 ,b1 s9ce ! utility ( great    
gifts  is less lucrative among wom51 !y 
_h bett] be repress$6 ,!n  lop (f !     
bran*es ( ! plant t craves too mu* air &

  room & sunlight2 *eck ! r$undant sap4 
,b ! plant 0  int5d$ to be a great tree1
 & y w make ( x a /unt$  %rub4 ,take c>e
 le/ ! mutilation d n kill x utt]ly :ile
  tortur+ x4 ,to ext+ui% a s\l design$  
by ,god to %9e is to  bury !re9 ! se$ ( 
an int]ior angui% t y w nev]  cure1 &   
:i* may exhau/ ! s\l ) vague1 exagg]at$ 
aspirations4 ,!re is no torture         
comp>able to ! s5se ( !  beautiful :5 x 
_c f9d utt]ance1 to ! int]ior agony (  a
 s\l :i*1 p]haps unconsci\sly1 has miss$
 its vocation4  ,t ^w1 expressive ( a   
call f on high1 ( a solemn &            
irresi/ible claim1 applies to wom5 z    
well z to m51 to !  ideal life z mu* z  
to ! ext]nal life4 ,! s\l is a ?\ght  ( 
,god1 x has be5 said4 ,!re is a div9e   
plan ) reg>d to  x1 & our ex]tions or   
our languor advance or ret>d !          
execution ( t plan1 :i* exi/s none !    
less 9 ,god's  wisdom & goodness1 & mu/ 
appe> "o day z our accus] if we  fail to
 execute x4    ,& to secure its         
accompli%m5t1 ! developm5t ( ! :ole     

s\l1 m9d1 & he>t is necess>y4    ,x is  
difficult to discov] 9 advance to :at   
,god de/9es 8  gifts2 b none ! less true
 is x t he de/9es !m to an  especial    
end1 & t ?is provid5tial vocation1      
fai?fully  answ]$1 turns aside ! dang]s 
we dread to meet 9 its  fulfilm5t4      
,individual natures %\ld be consult$1 t 
we may develop !m  accord+ to _!        
capacities4 ,i w\ld n create factiti\s  
tal5ts by a culture :i* nature does n   
dem&1 b nei!r  w\ld ,i leave uncultivat$
 ^? %e has be/[$4 ,no?+ is  m dang]\s = 
a woman ?an incomplete developm5t1      
half-k1 a half-tal5t t %[s h] glimpses (
 broad]  horizons )\t giv+ =ce to rea*  
!m1 makes h] ?9k %e  kn[s :at %e does n 
"k1 & fills h] s\l ) tr\ble &           
bewild]m5t1 comb9$ ) a pride t (t5      
betrays itself 9  sad misconduct4 ,:5   
equilibrium is n e/abli%$ betwe5        
aspiration & ! p[] to realize x1 ! s\l1 
aft] mak+  fruitless /ruggles to atta9  
its ideal1 becomes discont5t$  ) common 
life1 &1 crav+ "s excitem5t ( m9d &     

imag9ation1 seeks x 9 emotions &        
pleasures always dang]\s  & (t5         
culpable4    ,if y d n direct ! flame   
upw>d1 x w fe$ ^u !  co>se/ e>?ly       
alim5t4 ,a sup]ior p]son once said to   
me3 ,9  art1 m$iocrity is to be above   
all ?+s fe>$4 ,a great tal5t  escapes _m
 dang]s4 ,! impetus once giv51 "o mu/   
rea* !  goal2 o!rwise1 :o c say h[ l[ "o
 may fall8    #cg    ,t]rible examples (
 ?is ,i h se51 %[+ me :at becomes (     
smo!r$ faculties & ( a ri* nature r5d]$ 
abortive4  ,footnote #f        ,footnote
 #f3 ,i "k a woman end[$ ) a creative   
faculty      :i* h] education has t5d$  
to cru%4 ,"o feels 9 h]      incomplete 
& suff]+ nature a sort ( int]ior        
discord4      ,ill at ease ) h]self1 %e 
seeks excitem5t 9 dress &      9        
frivol\s di/ractions4 ,p attribute ^!   
defects to      h] arti/ic nature4 ,on !
 contr>y1 %e w\ld n suff] if      %e    
possess$ ! pl5itude ( h] faculties4 ,%e 
has n      be5 all[$ to cultivate fully 
! tal5t be/[$ by ,god2      %e has nev] 

arriv$ at ! g5u9e p[] ( production or   
rea*$ ! repose ( legitimate int]ior     
satisfaction4                    ,,vi4  
,fatal ,results ( ,ignorance & ,levity 9
 ,wom54    ,we compla9 ( ! vanity (     
wom51 ( _! luxury & coquetry2  b = :at  
else d we prep>e !m1 :at else d we      
inculcate  9 _! education8 ,we leave !m 
no o!r res\rce on e>?4 ,f>  f elevat+1  
develop+1 /r5g!n+1 & ennobl+ !m1 we     
dissipate1 en]vate1 & debase !m2 nor am 
,i speak+ ( !  mo/ fatal k9d (          
debasem5t4 ,f> f =m+ 9 !m a ta/e  =     
s]i\s ?+s or ev5 = subjects wor?y (     
int]e/1 we  tea* !m to ridicule ^? :o h 
su* ta/es4 ,we r$uce !m  to coquetry1   
gossip1 e k9d ( m$iocrity & ennui4  ,!  
_w is positively irritat$ aga9/ ^? :o   
sometimes  rem9d wom5 :at !y are 9 !    
e/imation ( ,god1 :at !y  are capable ( 
do+1 :at !y owe to ,god1 to society1 to 
,france1 to _! husb&s & sons1 & to      
!mselves2 aga9/  ^? :o d>e to ass]t t x 
is = !m1 daught]s ( t  ,eve to :om      
humanity owes ! *a/isem5t ( toil1 to    

accept &  make o!rs accept ?is fruit1   
:i*1 ?\gh p]haps a little  bitt]1 is    
expiatory1 honorable1 & salut>y2 t x is 
=  !m to foll[ its holy practices f     
infancy1 &1 lat]1 to  inspire 9 o!rs a  
ta/e = x1 or1 at lea/1 c\rage to endure 
x2 t x is = !m to speak t noble language
 ( reason  & ( fai? :i* calls labor !   
primordial law ( humanity1 at  once a   
dom9ion & a rew>d4    ,! _w is angry )  
^? :o tea* wom5 t !y %\ld  use ! gift ( 
influ5ce ) :i* !y are end[$1 n  to      
become que5s ( ! ball-room1 & %9e b5ea? 
!  c&elabra ( a draw+-room or beh9d     
foot-lights1 b to become  9 _! own homes
 skilful & pati5t advocates ( ev]y?+    
noble1 j1 intellectual1 & g5]\s2 n to   
futilize1  if ,i may s express myself1 !
 spirits ( m51 already too  incl9$ to   
futility1 b to rem9d !m con/antly t life
 is  compos$ ( duties1 t duty is s]i\s1 
& t happ9ess is  only f\nd 9 ! p]=mance 
( duty4    ,in/ead ( ?is1 :at are !y8   
,/>s ( a day1 meteors too (t5  fatal to 
! repose1 ! =tune1 & ! honor ( families4

 ,we  may say t ^! wom5 :o h !          
brilliancy & ! pass+  influ5ce ( comets 
ex]cise also _! s9i/] p[]4 ,in/ead  (   
en]vat+ !m ) nons5se1 tell !m t !y w n  
always rema9 tw5ty ye>s old1 & t !y w   
soon ne$  o!r res\rces ?an _! own beauty
 & caprices4 ,tell !m  t1 ev5 suppos+ !y
 c always rule _! husb&s s  easily1 ?is 
sophi/ical au?ority w nev] ga9 a hold ^u
  _! *ildr52 & yet x is a woman's true  
aim1 h] fir/ duty1  (t51 alas6 h] sole  
happ9ess1 to possess influ5ce ov] h]    
*ildr5 & especially ov] h] sons4 ,b to  
obta9 t1  %e ne$s n only goodness1      
t5d]ness1 & pati5ce1 b  reason1         
reflection1 good s5se1 & enlight5m5t4   
,to obta9  ^!1 real in/ruction1 att5tive
 /udy1 s]i\s education are  necess>y4   
#ch    ,b !re are few wom5 :o are       
capable ( r5d]+ solid  s]vice to _!     
husb&s & *ildr54    ,z a usual ?+1 wrote
 to me a woman ( ! _w1 ( v  g5]al       
int]e/s1 b exce$+ly intellig5t--z a     
usual ?+  we "k no?+1 absolutely no?+4  
,we c talk only ab\t  dress1 fa%ions1 or

 /eeple-*ases--nons5se all ( !m6 ,a     
woman  kn[s :o are ! fam\s actors &     
horses ( ! day2 %e kn[s  by he>t !      
p]sonnel ( ! op]a & ! ,v>its2 !         
/ud-book is m famili> to h] ?an !       
,imitation2 la/  ye> %e vot$ = ,la      
,tonque1 ?is ye> =  ,v]m\?1 & gravely   
assures u t ,bois-,r\ssel  is full (    
promise2 ! gr& ,d]by drives h] wild1 & !
  triumph ( ,fille de l',air seems to h]
 a national victory4  ,%e c tell :o are 
! be/ dressmak]s1 :at saddl] is mo/  9  
vogue1 :at %op is mo/ frequ5t$4 ,%e c   
weigh !  respective m]its ( ! equipages 
( ,comte de la ,grange1 ,duc de  ,morny1
 & ,m4 ,delam>re4 ,b1 alas6 turn !      
conv]sation to a  matt] ( hi/ory or     
geography2 speak ( ! middle ages1 !     
crusades1 ! in/itutions ( ,*>lemagne or 
,/4 ,l\is2 comp>e  ,bossuet )           
,corneille1 ,rac9e ) ,fnlon2 utt] !     
names (  ,camons or ,dante1 (           
,roy]-,coll>d1 ,frdric ,ozanam1 ,comte  
de  ,montalemb]t1 or ,pre ,gratry2 !    
poor ?+ is /ruck dumb4 ,%e  c only amuse

 "y wom5 & frivol\s "y m52 incapable (  
talk+ ( bus9ess1 art1 politics1         
agriculture1 or sci5ce1 %e  _c conv]se )
 h] fa!r-9-law1 ) ! cur1 or any  o!r    
s5sible man4 ,& yet x is a woman's fir/ 
tal5t to be  able to conv]se ) e "o4 ,if
 h] "m-9-law visits  s*ools & poor p1 & 
wi%es to enroll h] 9 *>itable           
associations1 %e und]/&s nei!r _! aim   
nor _!  importance1 = compassion &      
k9dness ( he>t d n suffice  9 a c]ta9   
class = ! execution ( good works4 ,to   
acquire  influ5ce & give to a b5efit its
 true wor?1 its :ole moral              
significance1 "o ne$s an intellig5ce    
only to be acquir$ by  /udy & att5tive  
reflection4    ,&1 n[1 ,i mu/ g fur!r1 &
 indicate ! fatal results (  ! pres5t   
condition ( ?+s to dome/ic life1 to     
society1 &  to religion2 & ,i w tell !  
entire tru?4    ,i "k1 ,i h se51 & ?ank$
 ,god 9 see+1 ! sway  ex]cis$ 9 h]      
family by a ,*ri/ian wife & "m2 !       
pursuits introduc$ "u h] guidance2 !    
ideas1 at fir/  indignantly reject$1    

adopt$ to please h]2 ?\ghts (  religion1
 ( *>ity1 ( devotion1 resignation1 &    
=giv5ess2  b m r>ely1 ,i mu/ confess1   
pr9ciples ( indu/ry4    ,x is a pa9ful  
fact t education1 n except+ religi\s    
education1 r>ely gives a s]i\s ta/e =   
/udy to "y girls  or "y wom54 ,envoys f 
,god to ! dome/ic he>?1 gu>dians  ( !   
holy traditions ( fai?1 honor1 &        
loyalty1 wom51 ev5  dev\t ,*ri/ian wom51
 seem to be ! adv]s>ies ( "w  :e!r = _! 
husb&s or _! *ildr51 b especially =  _! 
sons4 ,i h se5 wom5 :o f\nd x difficult 
n to  reg>d ! "t giv5 to /udy z /ol5 f  
!m4 ,is ?is =  want ( intellig5ce or    
aptitude8 ,i ?9k n4 ,i attribute ?is    
prejudice1 fir/1 to ! education we give 
!m1 light1  frivol\s1 & sup]ficial1 if n
 absolutely false2 &1  secondly1 to ! "p
 assign$ to !m 9 ! _w1 & !  place res]v$
 = !m 9 families1 & ev5 9 "s ,*ri/ian   
families4    #ci    ,we d n wi% wom5 to 
/udy2 !y d n wi% ^? ab\t !m  to /udy4   
,we d n l to see !m employ$2 !y d n l   
to see o!rs employ$1 & !y succe$ only   

too well 9  prev5t+ _! husb&s & *ildr5 f
 work+4 ,?is is an  imm5se mis=tune1 a  
mo/ fatal influ5ce4 ,x is useless to say
  to m51 ,"w1 accept (fices1 occupy y\r 
"t4 ,:ile wom5  seek to de/roy ! effect 
( our advice1 x w nev] produce  results4
 ,s long z mo!rs advise _! daught]s n to
 m>ry  m5 9 (fice2 s long z ! "y wife   
uses h] :ole art to  disgu/ h] husb& )  
employm5t1 & ! "y "m fails  to inculcate
 9 h] *ildr5 ! necessity ( self-culture1
 (  tra9+ ! m9d & tal5ts z "o cultivates
 a preci\s plant1  s long w ! law (     
labor rema91 ) r>e exceptions1          
unobs]v$4    ,9 ! pres5t /age ( cu/oms &
 mann]s1 home life be+ :at  x is1 wom5  
only c effectively protect a _s (       
indu/ry2  make x habitual2 inculcate1   
fo/]1 facilitate1 & ev5 en=ce  x ^u ^?  
ar\nd !m2 e>ly prep>+ ! way = x1  r5d]+ 
x possible & easy1 accord+ to x e/eem1  
enc\ragem5t1 & admiration4    ,n[1 on ! 
contr>y1 *ildr5 are plac$ z soon z      
possible  en p5sion2 t is ! ^w2 or = !  
boys a tutor is  appo9t$1 = ! girls a   

gov]ness4 ,! "m1 out ( love (  amusem5t1
 deprives h]self z e>ly z possible ( !  
supreme  happ9ess ( be/[+ ^u h] *ildr5 !
 fir/ gleam (  intellectual & spiritual 
life--%e :o gave !m corporeal  exi/5ce4 
,! *ildr5 !n g to college or to a       
conv5t1 &  :at becomes ! "m's *ief c>e8 
,t !y %\ld n "w  too h>d6 ,if !re is a  
tutor or gov]ness1 ! case is f>  worse4 
,! "m (t5 appe>s to be ! born adv]s>y ( 
bo?1  b5t ^u f9d+ fault1 ^u ali5at+ h]  
*ildr5 f !m1  & extort+ privileges1     
walks1 exemptions1 & incessant          
int]ruptions4 ,! only dream ( ?is weak &
 bl9d "m1 h]  only idea ( occupation =  
h] son1 is to plan hunt+  p>ties = him1 
ga!r+s ( "y p1 hippodromes1 plays1      
wat]+-places1 & balls1 :]e %e foll[s him
 ) h] eyes1  en*ant$ ) 8 triumphs 9     
society1 :i* %\ld p]haps  r make h]     
sigh4 ,no long] d>+ to be va9 = h]self1 
%e is va9 = him4 ,:at defects does %e   
blame8 ,an ungraceful  ge/ure1 an       
unref9$ expression1 or ! omission ( "s  
c\rtesy4 ,%e nev] says to him3 ,aim at  

high] ?+s2 cultivate  y\r m9d2 le>n to  
?9k1 to "k m51 ?+s1 y\rself2 become  a  
di/+ui%$ man2 s]ve y\r c\ntry2 make =   
y\rself a  "n1 unless y h "o already1 & 
9 t case be wor?y to  be> x4    ,few    
mo!rs give su* c\nsel to _! *ildr5--/ill
 less1  "y wives to _! husb&s4 ,!y seem 
to m>ry 9 ord] to run  ab\t 9 se>* (    
amusem5t or ( ! pr9ciple ( p]petual     
motion4 ,c\ntry places1 city life1 ba?s1
 wat]+-places1 !  turf1 balls1 conc]ts1 
& morn+ calls leave n a mom5t's  re/ =  
!m day or night4 ,will+ly or unwill+ly1 
! husb&  mu/ %>e ?is re/lessness4 ,he   
yawns frequ5tly1 scolds  sometimes1 b no
 matt] = t2 he mu/ yield1 long+ = !     
bless$ mom5t :5 he c %ake (f ! yoke &   
take refuge at  8 club4 ,! "y wife      
employs e gift ( art & nature1  ev]y?+ t
 ,god be/[$ ^u h] = bett] purposes1     
grace1  beauty1 sweetness1 address1     
fasc9ation1 to make him yield4 ,oh6  t  
%e w\ld employ half ^! provid5tial      
res\rces to prove  to h] husb& t %e w\ld
 be pr\d to be ! wife ( a  di/+ui%$ man2

 t %e longs to see him cultivat$1 clev]1
  wor?y ( 8 "n1 wor?y "o day to be held 
up z an example to  8 son2 to p]suade   
him ei!r to take "s (fice1 or to live   
^u 8 e/ates & ex]cise a righte\s        
influ5ce1 protect+  elective places1    
ga9+ ! confid5ce & e/eem ( 8            
fell[-citiz5s1 sett+ a noble example1 & 
?us s]v+ ,god  & society6    #dj    ,b  
f> f behav+ ?us1 if ! poor husb& v5tures
 to take  up a book & seek repose f !   
:irlw9d he is condemn$ to  live 91 madam
 makes a little face1 7consid]$ bewit*+ 
at  tw5ty1 b "o day to be pron\nc$      
insuff]able27 %e flutt]s  ab\t ! lit]>y 
man1 ! rhetorician1 ! s*ol>1 retires to 
put on h] hat1 comes back1 seats h]self1
 spr+s up aga91  flits back & =? be=e ! 
mirror1 takes h] gloves1 &  f9ally bur/s
 out into execrations aga9/ books &     
read+1  :i* are good = no?+ except to   
mak+ a man /upid &  preoccupi$4 ,= !    
sake ( peace ! husb& ?r[s d[n 8  book1  
loses ! habit ( read+1 suff]s gradual   
annihilation by  a conjugal process1 &1 

hav+ fail$ to raise 8 companion to  8   
own level1 s9ks to h]s4    ,"h we h a   
deplorable vici\s circle4 ,s long z wom5
 "k  no?+1 !y w pref] unoccupi$ m52 & s 
long z m5  rema9 idle1 !y w pref]       
ignorant & frivol\s wom54 ,m5  9 (fice  
are no less p]secut$ ?an o!rs4 ,_m wom5 
torm5t  a magi/rate1 a lawy]1 a not>y1  
mak+ !m fail 9 exactitude  & 9          
application to bus9ess1 in/ead (        
enc\rag+ a /rict  & complete fulfilm5t (
 duty4 ,!y consid] punctuality a bore  &
 assiduity insuff]able4 ,:5 !y succe$ 9 
accompli%+  ! neglect ( an appo9tm5t or 
( "s important occupation1  "o w\ld ?9k 
!y _h a*iev$ a victory4 ,! case is worse
  /ill = c]ta9 c>e]s g5]ally adopt$ by  
ri* m5 or by  ^? ^: families 7 =m]ly    
weal?y1 su* z ! army &  navy4 ,an (fic] 
mu/ rema9 unm>ri$1 or m>ry a girl )\t   
=tune4 ,o!rwise1 9 discuss+ ! m>riage1 !
 fir/ ?+  dem&$ is a resignation4 ,e "y 
lady ( indep5d5t  =tune wi%es h] husb&  
to d no?+4 ,9 view ( ?is  ignorant      
prejudice1 ?is conjugal o/racism1 ev5   

s5sible  mo!rs hesitate ab\t recomm5d+  
_! sons to adopt c>e]s  :i* w make      
m>riage possible to !m only at ! exp5se 
(  a noble =tune2 or else !y say 9 words
 too (t5 he>d3 ,my  son w s]ve = a few  
ye>s1 & !n resign4 ,a m>ri$ man  _c     
pursue a c>e]4    ,& "y m5 are ask$ to  
"w ) ?is p]spective be=e  !m6 ,h[ c "o  
love a position :i* is to be ab&on$ on  
su* or su* a day 9 accordance ) a       
caprice8 ,:at zeal1 :at  emulation1 :at 
ambition c a man h :o is to leave !     
s]vice at tw5ty-five or tw5ty-eight ye>s
 ( age1 :5 he is  p]haps capta9 (       
artill]y or lieut5ant ( a %ip1 t is to  
say1 :5 he has work$ 8 way ?r\gh !      
difficulties t  beset e c>e] at its     
outset8    ,i h kn[n mo!rs fairly r$uc$ 
to despair at see+ a son1  j on ! po9t (
 atta9+ an elevat$ position1 =c$ to     
r5\nce ! ?\ght m]ely 9 accordance ) !   
exig5ce ( a "y girl & ! bl9dness ( h]   
"m1  :o ought to =esee & dread !        
inevitable regrets &  inconv5i5ces (    
idl5ess succe$+ to ! *>m ( an occupi$   

life1 ( ! monotony ( a tte--tte com+    
aft] !  excitem5ts ( ,solf]9o1 or !     
p]petual qui vive ( our  ,alg]ian       
g>risons1 or ! adv5tur\s & almo/        
con/antly  h]oic life ( ! navy4    #da  
,x is ! duty ( an intellig5t ,*ri/ian   
wife or "m to  po9t out ! dang]s (      
idl5ess & /ultification2 ! social  &    
intellectual suicide result+ f /&+ alo( 
f e  (fice & all occupation2 ! political
 & religi\s necessity  ( occupy+        
responsible places1 di/+ui%+ "o's self 9
  !m1 & hold+ !m p]man5tly 9 ord] to    
ex]cise "o's  influ5ce 9 favor ( morals 
& religion4 ,?is is a vital matt]  :i* w
 nev] be und]/ood until mo!rs tea* x ) !
  cate*ism to _! little *ildr54 ,?is is 
! comm5t>y :i*  e "m & e cate*i/ mu/    
give1 9 expla9+ !  important *apt] on   
slo?1 "o ( ! sev5 deadly s9s4 ,& !  same
 ideas mu/ be inculcat$ 9 in/ruct+ _!   
daught]s  until !y are tw5ty ye>s old2  
tea*+ !m to be reasonable  & capable1   
%[+ !m ! evil consequ5ces ( idl5ess 9 a 
"y husb&1 ! difficulty ( amus+ him all  

day long1 (  pleas+ )\t we>y+ him1 (    
av]t+ ennui1  ill-humor1 & monotony4 ,& 
let ! tea*] nev] fail to add  ! tru? s  
(t5 prov$ t x is impossible to induce a 
son  to "w aft] hav+ dissuad$ 8 fa!r f  
work+4 ,(  c\rse1 !re are mom5ts ( pa9 9
 an occupi$ life4 ,x is h>d  to see a   
husb& emb>k = two or ?ree ye>s1 go+     
p]haps to  ,seba/opol or to ,kabylia4 ,b
 x is sadd] /ill to see a husb&  bor$ to
 dea?1 & ?9k+ 8 wife t$i\s1 8 home      
unbe>able1 8 affairs drudg]y2 & ?is is n
 uncommon4 ,i  h he>d wives :o _h       
cons5t$ to necess>y sep>ations say  t ! 
trial _h its comp5sations2 t !          
consci\sness (  duty fulfill$ 0 a s\rce 
( ine/imable satisfaction2 t !  agony 0 
foll[$ by a joy t oblit]at$ ! memory (  
suff]+2 t z ! "t ( return drew ne>1 z ! 
regim5t  or ! %ip appe>$ 9 sight1 !y    
exp]i5c$ a happ9ess  unkn[n to o!r wom54
 ,x mu/ be s2 ,god leaves no?+          
unrew>d$2 e sacrifice has its           
comp5sation1 e w\nd its  balm4 ,i am    
told t ! mo/ admirable h\seholds are to 

be  f\nd 9 our seaport t[ns1 our great  
manufactur+ c5tres1 &  ev5 9 our l>ge   
g>rison t[ns 9 spite ( ! bu/le1         
agitation1 & dissipation reign+ !re4 ,i 
c easily believe  ?is--e "o is busy 9   
su* places4 ,a husb& :o has sp5t  ! day 
9 b>rack or factory 7/ill m1 "o :o has  
be5 at  sea a long "t7 ?ir/s = home1    
longs to be aga9 by 8 own  he>?1 enjoy+ 
dome/ic life4 ,! wife on h] side1       
sep>at$  = sev]al h\rs f h] husb&1      
res]ves = him h] mo/  *e]ful mood & h]  
pleasante/ smile4 ,%e saves him f !     
?\s& annoyances ( ! day1 ! h\sehold     
p]plexities1 !  little emb>rassm5ts (   
life1 ! *ildr5's romp+4 ,! little  ones 
run to meet _! fa!r1 & recreate him aft]
 8 "w  ) c>esses & prattle4 ,?is is !   
way 9 :i* m5 enjoy  *ildr52 z a         
necessity ( e day & all day1 !y dread   
!m4    ,b )\t ris+ s high1 ,i ask simply
 :at c be m  agreeable1 ev5 = a husb& :o
 sp5ds 8 life 9 hunt+ or  any:]e else   
out ( 8 own h\se1 ?an to f9d on com+    
home  8 wife *e]ful & good-temp]$1      

because aft] gett+ him a  good d9n] %e  
has amus$ h]self ) pa9t+ a pretty       
picture1 or /udy+ ) g5u9e int]e/ a      
little natural  hi/ory1 or try+ "s      
exp]im5t 9 dome/ic *emi/ry1 or ev5      
solv+ a problem 9 gomtrie agricole1     
in/ead (  f9d+ h] languid & melan*oly1 a
 femme incomprise1  ) "s novel or ano!r 
9 h] h&4    #db    ,if ,i p]si/ 9 prea*+
 indu/ry to m5 & wom51 x is =  v urg5t  
reasons1 n only dome/ic & political1 b  
social4  ,:o does n see t we v]ge on    
socialism at pres5t8 ,!  masses w n "w1 
!y dete/ labor4 ,sal>ies h be5  rais$   
aga9 & aga92 = _m trades !y g beyond    
necessity1  & s ! workman1 in/ead ( giv+
 six days 9 ! week to 8  trade1 gives b 
f\r1 ?ree1 or ev5 two days4 ,x is = !   
high] classes :o are suppos$ to und]/&  
_! duties & to  feel ! import ( _!      
responsibilities1 x is = !m to  re9/ate 
labor 9 popul> e/imation4 ,9 ?is z 9 all
 o!r  ?+s1 example mu/ come f above2 =  
"h1 z 9 religion  & morals1 ! high]     
classes owe to society & to _!  c\ntry  

"s expiation4 ,! eighte5? c5tury1 ) its 
corruptions1 its sc&als1 & its          
irreligion1 hangs ^u u )  ! weight ( a  
satanic h]itage4 ,l orig9al s91 ^!      
errors  h be5 wa%$ 9 blood2 x is !      
hi/ory ( all great errors4  ,x rema9s = 
u to expiate ! idl5ess1 ! inaction1     
inutility1 annihilation to :i* we h     
hi!rto surr5d]$  ourselves1 sett+ a     
fatal example to ^? ar\nd u4    ,our    
g5]ation mu/ be /eep$ 9 labor4 ,!re &   
only !re is  to be f\nd our safety1 &   
mo!rs mu/ be conv9c$ ( ?is  tru?4 ,! "m 
is ! c5tre ( home1 ev]y?+ radiates f    
h]--on "o condition1 t %e is a "m wor?y 
( ! "n  & mission--& su* mo!rs are r>e4 
,we "k :at is 9 g5]al ! education (     
wom54 ,add to x !  indulg5ce & weakness 
( p>5ts1 ! species ( idolatry !y  h = _!
 daught]s1 ! premature pleasures lavi%$ 
^u  "y girls1 ! pa9s tak5 to praise !m1 
to adorn !m f  _! e>lie/ infancy1 &     
aft]w>d to %[ !m (f & make  !m %9e 9 a  
sort ( matrimonial exhibition4 ,h[ c we 
hope  to f9d e>ne/ mo!rs ( families     

among ^? ^: y\? has  be5 sp5t 9 balls1  
fetes1 & morn+ visits8 ,alas6 x  is n   
possible4 ,reasonable ideas r>ely come  
to !m until age  or mis=tune has )drawn 
_! sure/ means ( influ5ce4    ,& !      
greate/ suff]]s f ?is calamity are      
society &  religion2 x _c be o!rwise4 ,a
 little draw+1 a little m  music1 en\gh 
gramm> & or?ography to pass mu/]1       
suffici5t  hi/ory & geography to "k     
,gibralt> f ! ,himalaya & to  recognize 
,cyrus z ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 b n en\gh to     
av5ge noble  memories outrag$ or to     
rectify errone\s e/imates2 ( =eign      
languages a slight smatt]+1 en\gh to    
enable "o to read  ,engli% & ,g]man     
novels1 b n to appreciate ! glori\s     
pages ( ,%akespe>e1 ,milton1 or         
,klop/ock2 no lit]ature1  no?+ ( our    
great au?ors1 unless a few fables ( ,la 
,fonta9e  & p]haps a *orus out ( ,e/h]  
le>n$ 9 *ildhood2 (  religi\s k a       
suffici5cy to all[ ( be+ admitt$ to     
fir/ communion1 n en\gh to answ] ! mo/  
vulg> objections1  ! mo/ notori\s       

calumnies1 n en\gh to und]/& "o's       
position & duties1 to impose sil5ce on !
 detractors (  religion1 or ! adv]s>ies 
( reason & ,*ri/ian evid5ce1 to  refute 
! grosse/ sophi/ry1 to lead back to fai?
 & holy  practices a "y husb& or p]haps 
an ag$ fa!r2 ) su* an  education :at    
influ5ce c a "y woman ex]cise8    ,if ! 
poor "y creature s insuffici5tly prep>$ 
by  education nev] reads1 or reads only 
romances1 :]e w %e  f9d arms to def5d h]
 aga9/ error & blasphemy8 ,9 spite (    
s9c]e piety1 %e mu/1 useless & timid    
soldi] t %e is1  des]t ! holy cause (   
,god & tru? = fe> ( compromis+  x by an 
ignorant def5ce4  #dc  ,& yet x is a    
noble cause1 & "o t belongs especially  
to  h]1 = x is ! cause ( ! weak &       
def5celess1 & only  asks 9 its s]vice a 
s9c]e conviction1 a dev\t he>t1 & a     
little k4 ,b ! k is want+4 ,because %e  
has  acquir$ nei!r a habit ( reflection 
nor ( seek+ 9 good  books necess>y      
in=mation1 %e mu/ be sil5t1 &1 :ile ,god
  & 8 fai? are outrag$ 9 h] pres5ce )   

impunity1 drop  h] eyes ^u h] wor/$ "w &
 sigh4    ,yes1 sigh--t is "r2 & sigh n 
only = ! poor m5 :o  read su* wret*$    
books & intoxicate !mselves ) vile      
poisons1 b also = ! fact t !re is no "o 
to op5 _!  eyes1 to lead ^! misl$ he>ts 
back into ! "r pa?1 or1  at lea/1 to    
excite a d\bt 9 _! p]v]t$ m9ds & w>p$   
consci5ces2 no "m1 si/]1 daught]1 wife1 
no intellig5t1  enlight5$1 educat$ woman
 to fulfil woman's ess5tial mission4    
,no "o else c d ! "w4 ,if wom5 are n !  
fir/ apo/les  ( ! home circle1 no "o    
else c p5etrate x4 ,b !y mu/  r5d]      
!mselves ?or\ghly capable ( fulfill+ _! 
apo/le%ip4 ,n[adays1 :5 all ! _w reasons
 or r  cavils1 :5 ev]y?+ is discuss$ &  
prov$1 :5 ev5 light  & life mu/ be      
demon/rat$1 x is necess>y t wom5 %\ld   
p>ticipate 9 ! g5]al movem5t4 ,to speak 
)\t res]ve--9  ! face ( a mascul9e      
g5]ation :o graft on to !  hauteurs :i* 
especially belong to !m fem99e          
indiff]5ce1 affectation1 idl5ess1       
frivolity1 &  weakness--wom5 mu/ %[     

!mselves s]i\s1 ?\ghtful1 firm1  &      
c\rage\s4 ,:5 m5 copy _! defects1 x     
behooves !m to  borr[ a few manly       
virtues4 ,x is "t1 nobly says ,m4 ,c>o1 
t m9ds possess$ ( any intellectual      
claims awoke to full  vitality4 ,let e  
be+ end[$ ) reason le>n to protect      
himself aga9/ lit]>y evil-do]s & to     
repulse _! attacks  ^u ,god1 s\l1       
virtue1 purity1 & fai?4      ,to ,be    
,cont9u$4    --------      ,9 ,memoriam4
      ,:5 s\ls l ?9e rise up & leave    
,?is ,e>?'s d>k prison-place1           
',tis fooli%ness to grieve3    ,or ?9k  
?\ do/ ?y life regret1    ,& w\ld return
 if ,god w\ld let      ,?y feet _! /eps 
retrace4      ',tis he :o ends ?y       
bani%m5t1    ,& by an angel's h& has s5t
        ,a m]ciful reprieve4    --------
    #dd      ,! ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,s*ools &
 ,s*ol>s4  ,footnote #g        ,footnote
 #g3 ,*ri/ian ,s*ools & ,s*ol>s2 or1    
,sket*es ( ,education f ! ,*ri/ian ,era 
to ! ,c\ncil      ( ,tr5t4 ,by ! au?or (
 ,! ,?ree ,*ancellors1 etc4      ,two   

vol4 ,london3 ,longmans1 ,gre5  ,co4    
,! hi/ory ( ! s*ools & s*ol>s ( ! e>ly  
ages ( !  *ur* is n only int]e/+ z =m+  
an important *apt] 9  ! hi/ory ( ! *ur* 
itself1 b is full ( mo/ rem>kable  facts
 & valuable sugge/ions be>+ on ! z yet  
app>5tly  unsolv$ problem ( education4  
,x is replete ) matt] well  wor?y !     
pr(\nd att5tion ( all :o consid] ! prop]
  tra9+ ( y\? "o ( ! grave/ & mo/       
important ( public  que/ions2 & "o :i*1 
9 ?is age ( advanc$ enlight5m5t1  /ill  
rema9s ! subject ( _m crude & conflict+ 
op9ions4  ,n only d we recomm5d its     
p]usal to ! ,ca?olic tea*]1 :o  is      
manfully ov]com+ ! peculi> ob/acles     
pres5t$ 9 our  unsettl$ community1 z a  
s\rce ( consolation &  enc\ragem5t2 b we
 call x to ! notice ( ^? g5tlem5  :o    
sp5d s mu* ( _! "t dur+ summ] vacations 
debat+  on ! quantity & quality (       
discipl9e necess>y to en=ce  ! "t-honor$
 au?ority ( ! tea*]1 & 9 endeavor+ to   
def9e ! exact m9imum ( moral tra9+      
requir$ to be  adm9i/]$ to ! secul>     

/ud5t to fit him = ! prop]  dis*>ge ( ! 
duties ( life4 ,we d ?is 9 all s9c]ity2 
=  ) ?is latt] class ( p]sons we are n  
incl9$ to f9d too  mu* fault4 ,_m ( !m  
are m5 ( intellig5ce & good  int5tions2 
b1 grop+ z !y are 9 utt] d>kness1 &     
br++ to _! delib]ations a lam5table     
ignorance ( !  ess5tial pr9ciples (     
,*ri/ian education1 x is n wond]ful  t  
_! c\nsels %\ld be divid$1 & _! labors z
  unpr(itable z t ( ,sisyphus4 ,disguise
 x z we may1 x  _c be d\bt$ t ! /ate    
colleges & s*ools ( our  c\ntry1 aft] a 
v fair trial1 h n answ]$ !  expectations
 ( ev5 ^? :o pr(ess !mselves _! w>me/   
admir]s4 ,!re is a feel+ 9 ! public m9d1
 z yet p>tially  express$1 t !re is     
some?+ lack+ 9 our me?od (  deal+ ) !   
ev]-con/ant flood ( "y he>ts & m9ds  :i*
 is daily look+ to u = direction &      
guidance4 ,x is  becom+ m & m pa9fully  
app>5t t ! m]e intellect  ( ! *ildr5 :o 
att5d our public in/itutions is /imulat$
  into unnatural & unheal?y activity1   
:ile _! moral nature  is left :olly     

uncultivat$ & undevelop$4 ,conduct$1 z  
su*  in/itutions mu/ necess>ily be1 by  
p]sons unqualifi$ or  unau?oriz$ to     
adm9i/] moral in/ruction1 x _c1 (       
c\rse1 be expect$ t ! s\ls = a "t       
entru/$ to _!  c>e c be =tifi$ by wise  
c\nsels & t moral discipl9e  :i* 0      
consid]$ 9 pa/ ages & 9 all nations z ! 
fundam5tal basis ( all ,*ri/ian         
education4    ,ev5 9 a worldly s5se1 x  
ought to be a s\rce ( our greate/       
solicitude t ! g5]ation :i* is to hold !
 honor &  integrity ( ! nation 9 its    
keep+ %\ld be s*ool$ 9 !  pr9ciples (   
ju/ice & rectitude ^u :i* all true      
individual & national greatness mu/     
dep5d4 ,if1 !n1 we h  exhau/$ ! wisdom (
 ! pres5t1 ) all its examples be=e  our 
eyes1 to no good purpose1 let u turn    
rev]5tly to !  exp]i5ce ( ! pa/1 & see  
if we _c f9d some?+ fit  = m$itation 9 !
 v>i$ pages ( ! hi/ory ( !  ,*ri/ian    
*ur*1 9 h] /ruggles aga9/ ignorance &   
false  philosophy4    #de    ,f ! v     
beg9n+ ! *ur* _h to cont5d aga9/ ?ree   

di/9ct elem5ts1 positively or           
negatively1 oppos$ to h]  tea*+s4 ,9 !  
,ea/1 z !n kn[n1 :at 0 call$ ! ,greek   
civilization1 sup]impos$ on ! ,roman1   
d5i$ all p>ticul>  gods :ile wor%ipp+   
_m1 & culm9at$ ei!r 9 ref9$  a!ism or ! 
deification ( man himself3 pr\d ( its   
disputants1 its arts & lit]ature1 x     
affect$ to feel1 &  p]haps actually     
felt1 a contempt = ! simple doctr9es (  
,*ri/ianity1 accompani$1 z !y 71 by     
self-d5ial1 pov]ty1  & l[l9ess4 ,ov]    
cont95tal ,europe & _m ( its isl&s  !   
wave ( ,roman conque/ _h swept          
irresi/ibly & rec$$  reluctantly1 leav+ 
beh9d x ! s$im5t ( an intellig5ce  :i*  
s]v$ only to n\ri% ! lat5t we$s (       
ignorance &  paganism2 :ile 9 ! f> ,we/ 
exi/$ a p ) a peculi>  &1 9 its way1 a  
high ord] ( civilization1 unt\*$1 x is  
true1 by ,roman or ,greek pan!ism1 b    
completely %ut out f  ! light ( !       
gospel4    ,to ov]come ! scatt]$ &      
div]sifi$ opposition ?us  pres5t$1 to   
ov]turn false gods & uproot false       

op9ions1 to  b5d ! /ubborn neck ( !     
b>b>ian b5ea? ! yoke (  ,*ri/ian        
meekness1 & to m\ld :atev] 0 brilliant &
  intellectual 9 mank9d to ! s]vice ( ! 
true ,god1 0 !  task assum$ by ! *ur*   
?r\gh ! means ( education4    ,dur+ !   
fir/ ?ree c5turies ( our era s*ools 7   
e/abli%$ at ,alex&ria1 ,j]usalem1       
,edessa1 ,antio*1 & o!r  c5tres ( ,ea/]n
 weal? & le>n+2 ( ^!1 t at  ,alex&ria1  
f\nd$ by ,/4 ,m>k1 ,a4,d4 #fj1 0 ! mo/  
celebrat$1 & _h = its tea*]s & s*ol>s "s
 ( !  mo/ le>n$ m5 ( ! p]iod4 ,!y 7     
cate*etical 9 _!  nature1 & at fir/ 7   
conf9$ to oral in/ructions on !  *ief   
articles ( ! fai? & ! nature ( !        
sacram5ts2 b  9 process ( "t _! sph]e ( 
usefulness 0 greatly  enl>g$1 & ! "* ( !
 /udies pursu$ 9 !m  assum$ a wid] &    
high] tone1 till n only dogmatic !ology 
& ,*ri/ian e?ics1 b human sci5ces &     
pr(ane lit]ature1  7 freely taught4 ,?us
 we read t1 t[>d ! close ( !  second    
c5tury1 ,/4 ,pantaeus1 a conv]t$ ,/oic (
 great  erudition1 & ,clem5t (          

,alex&ria1 :o is said to h  visit$ all  
l&s & /udi$ 9 all s*ools 9 se>* (  tru?1
 taught 9 ! s*ool ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ) an      
eloqu5ce s  conv9c+1 & a k ( ,grecian   
philosophy s ?or\gh1  t multitudes (    
,g5tiles flock$ to he> !m1 a/oni%$ to   
f9d ! doctr9es ( ! new fai? exp\nd$ 9 ! 
poli%$  language ( ,cic]o1 & ! v logic (
 ,ari/otle turn$  aga9/ ! pan!i/ic      
philosophy ( ,greece4 ,_! successor1  ! 
celebrat$ ,orig51 ^: reputation has     
outliv$ all !  attacks ( "t1 9 a lett]  
to 8 fri5d ,/4 ,gregory1 gives u  "s    
idea ( ! c\rse ( in/ruction pursu$ 9 8  
"t1 9  ?is s*ool1 9 reg>d to ! /udy ( ! 
human sci5ces4 ,!y  are to be us$1 he   
writes1 s t !y may contribute to !      
und]/&+ ( ! ,scriptures2 = j z          
philosoph]s are  accu/om$ to say t      
geometry1 music1 gramm>1 rhetoric1 &    
a/ronomy1 all dispose u to ! /udy (     
philosophy1 s we may  say t philosophy1 
rightly /udi$1 disposes u to ! /udy (   
,*ri/ianity4  #df  ,we are p]mitt$1 :5  
we g out ( ,egypt1 to c>ry ) u !  ri*es 

( ! ,egyptians :]e) to adorn !          
tab]nacle2 only  let u bew>e h[ we      
rev]se ! process1 & leave ,israel to g  
d[n into ,egypt & seek = treasure2 t is 
:at ,j]oboam did  9 old5 "t1 & :at      
h]etics d 9 our own4 ,"h we f9d         
express$1 at s e>ly a day1 ! beautiful  
idea ( ! *ur*  respect+ education2 t    
endur+ pyramid :i* %e w\ld build  up1 ^:
 base is human sci5ce1 & ^: apex is ! k 
( ,god4    ,! episcopal sem9>ies1 int5d$
 exclusively = ! tra9+  ( ecclesia/ics1 
7 coeval )1 if n ant]ior to1 !          
cate*etical s*ools1 = we f9d ! g]m ( !  
sy/em 9 !  v e>lie/ apo/olic times4 ,!y 
orig9ally =m$ b "p (  ! bi%ops'         
h\seholds2 & ! /ud5ts 7 taught by him   
p]sonally1 or by 8 deputy4 ,:5 !        
community life became m  g5]al & ! numb]
 ( ecclesia/ical pupils increas$1 !     
sem9>ies assum$ m ext5sive proportions1 
! s*ool be+  held 9 ! *ur* atta*$ to !  
bi%op's h\se1 b !  s*ol>s /ill liv+ "u 8
 ro(4 ,great c>e 0 always  manife/$ by !
 e>ly fa!rs ( ! *ur* 9 ! moral &        

intellectual tra9+ ( ecclesia/ical      
/ud5ts4 ,?us1 ,pope ,/4  ,siricius1 9 8 
decretal1 ,a4,d4 #che1 to ! ,bi%op (    
,t>ragona1  lays d[n ! foll[+ rules to  
be obs]v$ 9 prep>+  c&idates = !        
prie/hood4 ,he ord]s t !y %all be       
select$ pr9cipally f ^? :o h be5 devot$ 
to !  s]vice ( ! *ur* f *ildhood4 ,at   
?irty ye>s ( age !y  are to be advanc$  
?r\gh inf]ior ord]s to subdiaconate &   
diaconate1 & aft] five ye>s ?us sp5t !y 
may be orda9$  prie/s4 ,9 sev]al        
prov9cial c\ncils held 9 ! e>ly         
c5turies we f9d ! greate/ /ress laid on 
! importance (  ! c>eful culture (      
sem9>ians1 & ! second c\ncil (  ,tol$o1 
,a4,d4 #eca1 fixes ! ord9ation (        
subdeacons at tw5ty1  & ( deacons at    
tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,z to ! c\rse (  
/udies pursu$1 besides ! read+ ( !      
,scriptures1 !  ,psalt]1 & a k ( !      
duties ( ! holy (fices1  ,lat91 ,greek1 
& g5]ally ,hebrew 7 taught1 toge!r ) !  
lib]al sci5ces1 & sometimes ev5 law &   
m$ic9e4    ,?us did ! *ur* gradually b  

firmly lay ! f\ndation (  h] sy/em4     
,fir/1 by giv+ to ! adult neophyte su*  
in/ruction z befitt$ 8 age & condition1 
to enable him to  become a wor?y memb] (
 h] fold2 & next1 by provid+1 "u  !     
direct inspection ( ea* bi%op1 a s*ool  
:]e *ildr51  discipl9$ 9 8 h\sehold1    
taught f 8 m\? & by 8  example lessons (
 piety1 humility & self-control1 & arm$ 
) all ! res\rces ( sacr$ & pr(ane le>n+1
 7 at  mature ye>s s5t =? to conv]t a   
g5tile _w1 & 9 turn  become tea*]s ( m54
    ,:ile ! cate*etical s*ools 7 fl\ri%+
 9 ! ,ea/ &  ! episcopal sem9>ies assum+
 =m 9 ,spa9 & ,gaul1 !  bloody          
p]secutions :i* prevail$ int]mitt+ly at 
,rome  ret>d$ = a long "t education 9 t 
city4 ,_m ( h]  fir/ citiz5s1 x is true1
 reg>dless alike ( family  consid]ations
 & imp]ial edicts1 7 to be daily f\nd by
 !  side ( h] humble/ bondm51 li/5+1    
?r\gh ! gloom ( !  catacombs1 to !      
tea*+s ( ! gospel2 & to ?is day _!      
places c be po9t$ out beside ! r\gh hewn
 seat ( _!  tea*]s4 ,! ,roman pontiffs  

also labor$ 9 _! own dwell+s  to educate
 _! "y prie/s1 _m ( :om1 l ,/4          
,felicitanus1 pass$ only f _! c>e to    
te/ify _!  devotion to ! fai? by a      
glori\s m>tyrdom4  #dg  ,:5 ! ,emp]or   
,con/ant9e 0 conv]t$1 ! palace ( !      
,lat]ni became ! resid5ce ( ! popes1 &  
"h 0  e/abli%$ ! ,patri>*ium1 or sem9>y1
 :i* = sev]al  c5turies gave s _m       
di/+ui%$ occupants to ! *air (  ,pet]4  
,! s*ools ( ! empire 7 also ?r[n op5 to 
!  ,*ri/ians1 :o l>gely avail$ !mselves 
( _! sup]ior  advantages to become      
acqua9t$ ) ! old au?ors4 ,b !  pr(essors
 ( ! imp]ial academies 7 b              
semi-*ri/ianiz$1  &1 ?\gh con=m+        
outw>dly to ! new ord] ( ?+s1 !y  reta9$
 n a little ( _! old ideas & cu/oms4    
,h5ce1 we  f9d a v>iety ( op9ions       
ent]ta9$ by contempor>y  au?orities z to
 ! propriety ( ,*ri/ians /udy+ 9 !m4  ,9
 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 :]e ! dang] (        
contam9ation 0 n  imm95t1 or :]e1 z 9 ! 
case ( ,victor9us1 !  academicians 7    
bona-fid ,*ri/ians1 ! practice 0        

p]mitt$1 s eag] 7 ! fa!rs to enc\rage   
le>n+4    ,t]tullian 0 ( op9ion t1 :ile 
,*ri/ians c\ld n  lawfully tea* 9 !     
s*ools ) pagans1 !y might be  li/5]s1   
)\t1 h[ev]1 tak+ "p 9 idolatr\s         
c]emonies4 ,/4 ,basil1 :o /udi$ = a "t 9
 !m1 & :o  0 a devot$ lov] ( classical  
le>n+1 ent]ta9$ mu* !  same views1      
comp>+ ! /ud5t to a bee :o sucks honey  
out (  ! poison$ fl[]4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 :o
 _c be accus$ ( any  antipa?y to        
education 9 all its mo/ elegant bran*es1
 b :o  _h 9 8 own p]son exp]i5c$ !      
dang]s :i* beset !  "y ,*ri/ian 9 !     
academies1 aft] great delib]ation1 &  ) 
evid5t reluctance1 decid$ aga9/ ! public
 s*ools z  !n conduct$4 ,8 words h a    
significant s\nd1 ev5 9 ^!  days4 ,he   
writes3      ,if y h ma/]s among y :o c 
answ] = ! virtue (    y\r *ildr51 ,i    
%\ld be v f> f advocat+ y\r    s5d+ !m  
to a mona/]y4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i %\ld    
/rongly    insi/ on !m rema9+ :]e !y    
are4 ,b1 if no "o c    give su* a       
gu>antee1 we ought n to s5d our *ildr5  

to    s*ools :]e !y w le>n vice be=e !y 
le>n sci5ce1    & :]e1 9 acquir+ le>n+ (
 relatively small value1    !y w lose   
:at is f> m preci\s1 _! integrity (     
s\l4 444 ',are we1 !n1 to give up       
lit]ature8' y w    exclaim4 ,i d n say  
t2 b ,i d say t we mu/ n kill    s\ls4  
444 ,:5 ! f\ndations ( a build+ are     
sapp$1 we    %\ld seek r = ar*itects to 
recon/ruct ! :ole    edifice1 ?an =     
arti/s to adorn ! walls4 ,9 fact1 !     
*oice lies betwe5 two alt]natives a     
lib]al education1 :i*    y may get by   
s5d+ y\r *ildr5 to ! public s*ools1 or  
! salvation ( _! s\ls1 :i* y secure by  
s5d+ !m    to ! monks4 ,:i* is to ga9 ! 
day1 sci5ce or ! s\l8 ,if    y c unite  
bo? advantages1 d s1 by all means2 b1 if
    n1 *oose ! mo/ preci\s4    ,! "* ( !
 academies mu/ h soon *ang$ = !  bett]2 
=1 :5 ,julian "s "t aft] clos$ !m to !  
,*ri/ians1 o/5sibly ) a view to ! purity
 ( morals1 b  actually to deprive       
,*ri/ian /ud5ts ( ! b5efit ( any        
education1 ,/4 ,gregory1 :o quickly saw 

?r\gh ! ,apo/ate's  designs1 prote/$ 9 !
 /ronge/ t]ms aga9/ ! inju/ice4  ,= my  
"p1 he says1 ,i tru/ t e "o :o c>es =   
le>n+ w take "p 9 my indignation4 ,i    
leave to o!rs  =tune1 bir?1 & e o!r     
fanci$ good :i* c flatt]  ! imag9ation (
 man4  #dh  ,i value only sci5ce &      
lett]s1 & regret no labor t ,i h  sp5t 9
 _! acquisition4 ,i h pref]r$1 & ev]    
%all  pref]1 le>n+ to all e>?ly ri*es1 &
 hold no?+ de>]  on e>? next to ! joys (
 heav5 & ! hopes ( et]nity4  ,! decree 0
 aft]w>d revok$ by ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian 
at  ! reque/ ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 & !        
academies gradually fell into  decay2 &1
 gr[+ dim 9 ! light ( ! new ,*ri/ian    
f\ndations ( o!r c\ntries1 f9ally ceas$ 
to be objects (  discussion4    ,p]haps 
! greate/ good t result$ f ! evils      
compla9$  ( by ,/4 ,*ryso/om 0 !        
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,b5$ict9e  ord]2 an      
organization de/9$ to ex]cise = c5turies
 a  controll+ influ5ce ov] ! educational
 sy/em ( ,*ri/5dom4  ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4    
#ebb1 a poor solit>y nam$ ,b5$ict1 :ile 

engag$ at 8 devotions 9 ! grotto (      
,subiaco1 0 visit$ by  two ,roman       
s5ators1 :o desir$ him to take *>ge ( ! 
education ( _! sons1 ,maurus &          
,placidus4 ,he cons5t$1 &  o!r *ildr5 ( 
! same rank1 ^: p>5ts fe>$ !  contagion 
( ! imp]ial s*ools1 7 soon aft] plac$ 9 
8  c>e4 ,= _! gov]nm5t he e/abli%$ a    
rule1 & f ?is  app>5tly slight f\ndation
 sprang ! numb]less mona/]ies  :i* 7 !  
cu/odians & disp5s>ies ( le>n+ 9 !      
middle ages4 ,9 #edc1 ,/4 ,maurus c>ri$ 
! ,b5$ict9e rule into  ,gaul1 :]e "u 8  
*>ge & t ( 8 successors  mona/]ies      
multipli$ ) great rapidity4 ,we h se5 t 
at  fir/ ?is illu/ri\s ord] 0 design$   
only = ! education  ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ri*1 
:o 7 to be in/ruct$ non  solum 9        
,scripturis div9as1 s$ etiam 9          
secul>ibus  litt]is2 b s great did its  
reputation become t1 9 a  %ort "t1 we   
f9d ! doors ( its s*ools ?r[n op5 to all
  classes4    ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 9 ! poli%$ 
circles ( ! cities (  ,greece & h]      
colonies1 nor ev5 9 ! future c5tre (    

,*ri/5dom1 t ! *ur* 0 de/9$ to a*ieve h]
 mo/  sub/antial triumphs4 ,!           
civilization ( ! ,ea/1 long 9 a  /ate ( 
decay1 wan$ ) ! decl9e ( ! ,empire1 &   
its  opul5t cities & elaborate lit]ature
 became "p ( !  dbris ( ! colossal ru9s 
( t once /up5d\s  p[]4 ,! soil 9 :i* !  
se$s ( education _h be5 plant$  by ,/4  
,m>k & ,/4 ,basil1 ,orig5 & ,cassian1 0 
already  exhau/$1 & incapable ( produc+ 
^? h>dy plants &  gigantic trees :i*    
defy "t & corruption4 ,we mu/1  !re=e1  
look to ,we/]n ,europe z ! prop] field  
:]e9  7 to be s[n ! g]ms ( a m endur+   
gr[?4    ,! mona/ic sy/em1 m or less    
def9$1 0 introduc$ into  ,gaul long be=e
 ! adv5t ( ,/4 ,maurus1 & ! education1 n
  only ( monks1 0 att5d$ to ) c>e1 b ( !
 laity also4  ,f ! e>lie/ times we f9d  
traces ( ! ext]ior s*ools  atta*$ to !  
mona/]ies = ! tra9+ ( *ildr5 n  int5d$ =
 a cl]ical life4 ,! rules ( ,sa9ts      
,pa*om9us &  ,basil1 !n g5]ally foll[$1 
7 c>eful to provide t  *ildr5 %\ld be   
taught to read & write1 & in/ruct$ 9    

psalmody & su* portions ( ! ,holy       
,scriptures z 7 suit$  to _!            
compreh5sion4 ,!y 7 to live 9 ! mona/]y 
& be  all[$ to sit at table ) ! monks1  
:o 7 /rictly  caution$ n to d or say    
any?+ t c\ld dis$ify _!  "y m9ds4 ,) a  
t5d]ness truly pat]nal1 ! "y s*ol>s  7  
all[$ a sep>ate "p ( ! build+ =         
!mselves1 &  pl5ty ( "t = amusem5t4  #di
  ,on ! subject ( puni%m5t1 we recomm5d 
! foll[+ advice  ( ,/4 ,basil to mod]n  
tea*]s1 believ+ t juv5ile human  nature 
is mu* ! same n[ z x 0 sixte5 or sev5te5
  c5turies ago4 ,let e fault h its own  
rem$y1 says ?is  exp]i5c$ tea*]1 s t1   
:ile ! (f5ce is puni%$1 !  s\l may be   
ex]cis$ to conqu] its passions4 ,=      
example3 ,has a  *ild be5 angry ) 8     
companion8 ,oblige him to beg p>don (  !
 o!r & to d him "s humble s]vice2 = x is
 by  accu/om+ him to humility t y w     
eradicate ang]1 :i*  is always ! (fspr+ 
( pride4 ,has he eat5 out ( meals8 ,let 
him rema9 fa/+ = a good "p ( ! day4 ,has
 he eat5 to  excess & 9 an unbecom+     

mann]8 ,at ! h\r ( repa/1 let  him1 )\t 
eat+ himself1 wat* o!rs tak+ _! food 9 a
  mode/ mann]1 & s he w be le>n+ h[ to  
behave at !  same "t t he is be+ puni%$ 
by 8 ab/95ce4 ,& if he  has (f5d$ by    
idle words1 by rud5ess1 or by tell+     
lies1 let  him be correct$ by diet &    
sil5ce4    ,! e>ly ,gallican bi%ops %[$ 
z great a desire to enc\rage  le>n+     
among _! cl]gy z did ^? ( ,spa91 & 7    
nev]  tir$ ( en=c+ ! necessity ( !      
att5tive /udy ( !  ,scriptures & !      
cultivation ( lett]s1 ev5 9 religi\s    
h\ses occupi$ by wom54 ,! result ( ?is  
zeal\s _s is to  be f\nd 9 ! e/abli%m5t 
( ! s*ools ( ,t\rs & ,lyons1  ,gr9ni &  
,vi5ne1 ! abbey ( ,m>monti] & ! m fam\s 
"o ( ,l]9s1 :i* produc$ ?\s&s (         
mission>ies1 & su*  s*ol>s z ,apoll9>is 
( ,lyons1 ,maum]tius1 ! au?or (  ,!     
,nature ( ! ,s\l1 & ! poets1 ,sa9ts     
,prosp] &  ,avitus4 ,! ,academy (       
,t\l\se1 ( disputati\s memory1 is       
claim$ to h _h a v anci5t orig91 b 0    
probably n  9 exi/5ce until ! six?      

c5tury4    ,b ! fir/ p]iod ( lit]>y     
culture on ! cont95t (  ,europe 0 fa/   
draw+ to a close4 ,at ! end ( ! fif?    
c5tury h]esy & s*ism2 ! conv]t$         
,o/rogo?s ( ,nor!rn  ,italy 7 subdu$ by 
! semi-paganiz$ ,lomb>ds2 ! ,roman      
empire exi/$ b 9 "n2 & civil w> broke   
out 9 ,gaul1  desolat+ h] fields & lay+ 
9 ru9s h] *ur*es &  s*ools4 ,d>kness    
succe$$ light1 & an>*y & b>b>ism        
prevail$ on bo? sides ( ! ,alps4 ,b !   
cause ( ,*ri/ian  le>n+ 0 n lo/4 ,driv5 
f ! ma9l&1 ! ,*ri/ian  s*ol>s _h already
 tak5 refuge 9 ! adjac5t isl&s1 :]e  !y 
rek9dl$ _! tor*es1 & kept !m burn+ ) an 
effulg5ce unkn[n 9 ! palaces ( k+s or ! 
s*ools ( !  empire4 ,! provid5ce ( ,god1
 :i* p]mitt$ ! ravages ( w>  & h]esy to 
prevail = a "t 9 ,gaul1 ,spa91 & ,italy1
  orda9$ t a new] & m secure asylum %\ld
 be provid$  = ! h&maid ( ! fai?1 :5ce 7
 to issue1 :5 !  /orm pass$ ov]1 ( ho/s 
( zeal\s & le>n$ m5 to  reconqu] = !    
*ur* h] desolat$ & d>k5$ dom9ions4      
,irel& & ,engl& 7 de/9$ to be ?is       

asylum1 &1 ev5  humanly speak+1 no *oice
 c\ld h be5 m propiti\s4 ,!  qualities  
:i* di/+ui%$ ! p ( ^! isl&s1 &  :i*     
*>act]ize !m ev5 at ?is day1 admirably  
adapt$ !m  = mission>y life4 ,!         
,anglo-,saxon g5ius1 mollifi$ by contact
  ) ! m imag9ative m9d ( ! ,briton1     
develop$ a /rong1  unconqu]able w1 great
 t5acity ( purpose1 va/ p[]s (          
coop]ation1 & a capacity = solid        
atta9m5ts2 :ile !  ,celts ( ! si/] isl&1
 :o _h nev] kn[n a conqu]or1  exhibit$ !
 indomitable zeal ( a free-born p unit$ 
to an  insatiable love ( le>n+ & f9e    
arts1 & a subtility (  m9d :i* easily   
grasp$ ! mo/ beautiful & ab/ruse dogmas 
( ,*ri/ian philosophy4    #ej    ,!     
e>lie/ mona/ic s*ools ( ,engl& 7 de/roy$
 by !  ,saxon invad]s ab\t ! middle ( ! 
fif? c5tury1 & :at  rema9$ ( _! tea*]s 7
 driv5 ) ! remnant ( !  ,britons into ! 
m\nta9s ( ,wales4 ,yet ev5 be=e !       
invasion  _m ( h] y\? f\nd _! way to !  
cont95t1 & !re  obta9+ an education1    
return$ to _! native c\ntry to tea*  _! 

compatriots4 ,?us ,/4 ,n9ian1 :o _h     
/udi$ at ,rome "u  ,pope ,/4 ,siricius &
 _h visit$ ,t\rs1 e/abli%$ 8  episcopal 
sem9>y & a s*ool = ! neighbor+ *ildr5 at
  ,)]ne1 9 ,gall[ay1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( t  
c5tury4 ,he  01 says 8 biograph]1 ,/4   
,aelr$1 assidu\s 9 read+4 ,/4  ,g]manus 
( ,aux]re & ,/4 ,lupus ( ,troyes foll[$ 
9 #dbi1 &  e/abli%$ at ,ca]leon1 !      
capital ( ! ,britons1 sem9>ies  &       
s*ools1 9 :i* !y lectur$ on !           
,scriptures & !  lib]al arts4 ,/imulat$ 
by _! example1 mona/ic s*ools  sprang   
rapidly into exi/5ce1 ! mo/ successful (
 :i* 7  ^? at ,h5tl&2 ,laudwit1 among ^:
 fir/ s*ol>s 0 !  hi/orian ,gildas2     
,bangor on ! ,dee1 9 :i*1 accord+ to    
,b$e1  !re 7 ov] two ?\s& /ud5ts2       
,:itl&1 :]e ,/4 ,david  /udi$2 &        
,llanc>van1 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,cadoc4 ,?is   
latt] sa9t  0 educat$ by an ,iri%       
recluse nam$ ,fa?ai1 :o 0 induc$ to     
leave 8 h]mitage 9 ! m\nta9s to take    
*>ge ( ! s*ool  ( ,gw5t1 9 ,monm\?%ire4 
,we mu/ n be surpris$ to f9d an ,iri%   

tea*] at t e>ly  p]iod 9 ,wales2 =      
already ! wond]ful exodus ( ,iri%       
mission>ies & tea*]s _h comm5c$4 ,!     
tw5ty ye>s'  mission>y labors ( ,/4     
,patrick & 8 disciples _h lit]ally      
conv]t$ ! entire p ( ,irel&1 &1 foll[+ !
  lessons taught him at ,t\rs1 ,rome1 & 
,l]9s1 t sa9t /udd$  ! isl& ) sem9>ies &
 mona/ic s*ools4 ,8 own1 at  ,armagh1   
f\nd$ ,a4,d4 #dee1 d\btless =m$ ! model 
^u :i*  ! o!rs 7 built4 ,)9 a c5tury    
aft] ! dea? ( ,/4  ,patrick1 says ,bi%op
 ,ni*olson1 ! ,iri% sem9>ies _h s       
increas$ t mo/ p>ts ( ,europe s5t _!    
*ildr5 to be  educat$ !re1 & drew !nce  
_! bi%ops & tea*]s4 ,s  num]\s1 inde$1 7
 ! s*ools ( ,irel& f\nd$ by !           
successors ( ,/4 ,patrick t x is        
impossible ev5 to enum]ate  _! names 9 !
 limits ( an article4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ 7
  ^? ( ,armagh1 :i* at "o "t furni%$    
education to sev5  ?\s& pupils2         
,lismore2 ,ca%el2 ,aran1 ! ,holy2       
,clon>d1 !  alma mat] ( ,columba !      
,great2 ,conmacnois2 ,b5*or1 (  :i* ,/4 

,b]n>d speaks 9 su* t]ms ( admiration2 &
  ,clonf]t1 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,br5dan !      
navigator4 ,:5 we rememb]  ! di/urb$    
condition ( ! cont95t dur+ ! six? &     
sev5? c5turies1 & ! almo/ pr(\nd peace  
:i* prevail$  9 ,irel& dur+ t "t1 we    
cease to be a/oni%$ at !  influx (      
=eign]s :i* ?rong$ h] s*ools4 ,/4       
,a,engus  m5tions ! names ( ,gauls1     
,romans1 ,g]mans1 & ev5 ,egyptians  :o  
visit$ h] %ore2 & ,/4 ,aldhelm (        
,we/m9/]1 9 !  sev5? c5tury1 r          
petulantly compla9s ( 8 c\ntrym5        
neglect+ _! own s*ools = ^? ( ,irel&4   
,n[adays1 he  rem>ks1 ! r5[n ( ! ,iri%  
is s great t "o sees !m  daily go+ or   
return+2 & cr[ds flock ov] to _! isl&   
to ga!r up1 n m]ely ! lib]al arts &     
physical sci5ces1  b also ! f\r s5ses ( 
,holy ,scripture & ! allegorical  &     
tropological int]pretation ( its sacr$  
oracles4    #ea    ,z to ! c\rse ( /udy 
pursu$ 9 ! ,iri% mona/ic s*ools1  !re is
 reason to believe t n only 7 !ology1   
gramm>1  t is1 languages1 & ! physical  

sci5ces taught1 b poetry  & music also  
receiv$ special att5tion4 ,! b>dic ord] 
7  ! fir/ to embrace ,*ri/ianity1 & _!  
love = ^? two  beautiful arts 0         
prov]bial4 ,lat9 & ,hebrew 7 /udi$1 b  !
 sonor\s language ( ,hom] & ,cic]o seems
 to h be5 mo/  9 favor1 probably on     
acc\nt ( its rem>kable resemblance1 9   
euphony at lea/1 to ! v]nacul> ,gaelic4 
,ma!matics &  a/ronomy rank$ fir/ on !  
li/ ( ! sci5ces1 &  geography1 z f> z !n
 kn[n1 mu/ h be5 famili> to ,/4  ,br5dan
 & 8 adv5tur\s companions4    ,b1 z we h
 said1 ! mission>y labors ( ! ,iri% _h  
already comm5c$4 ,ob$i5t to a law beyond
 human control1 !  p5t-up zeal ( ! p _h 
bur/ its b\nd>ies &  ov]fl[$ ,europe4 ,(
 ! devot$ m5 de/9$ to roll back !  tide 
( paganism1 ! fir/ 9 po9t ( greatness1  
if n 9  "t1 0 ,/4 ,columba1 ! f\nd] ( ! 
s*ools ( ,iona1 ,a4,d4  #efc4 ,amid all 
! ,iri% mission>ies1 ?is sa9t /&s out 9 
! bolde/ relief4 ,( pr\d l9eage &       
dauntless _s1  passionately fond (      
books1 yet %>+ will+ly ) 8 monks  !     

toils ( ! field1 we fancy we c almo/ see
 8 tall1  au/]e figure /alk+ amid !     
unkn[n & unhe$$ p]ils (  ! b>b>\s       
,hebrides & ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,brita91 )
  8 /aff & book1 ov]aw+ ho/ile *iefs &  
pr9ces by 8  v pres5ce1 & w9n+ ! he>ts (
 ! humble %eph]ds by  8 sweet voice &   
g5tle demeanor4 ,he suff]$ no space (   
"t1 says ,adamnan1 no1 n an h\r to pass1
 9 :i* he 0  n employ$ ei!r 9 pray]1 or 
9 read+ or writ+1 or  manual "w4        
,leav+ ,irel& =g+ ! weapons ( spiritual 
& intellectual  combat1 & ! ,albanian   
,scots to ! c>e ( ,columba & 8  monks1  
we turn aga9 to ,engl&1 :i*1 ) !        
exception (  ,wales1 0 up to ! end ( !  
six? c5tury sunk 9 !  grosse/ paganism4 
,9 ! ye> #eif1 :51 to use ! words (     
,pope ,gregory1 all ,europe 0 9 ! h&s ( 
! b>b>ians1  t pontiff conceiv$ ! idea (
 conv]t+ ! ,saxons (  ,engl&4 ,he       
accord+ly despat*$ ,/4 ,augu/9e & "s    
monks  f ,monte ,cass9o1 lately r$uc$ to
 ru9s4 ,/4 ,augu/9e  br\ght ) him a     
,bible1 a psalt]1 ! gospels1 an         

apocryphal  lives ( ! apo/les1 a        
m>tyrology1 & ! exposition (  c]ta9     
epi/les & gospels1 besides sacr$        
vessels1 ve/m5ts1  *ur* ornam5ts1 & holy
 relics4 ,he =?) e/abli%$ a  sem9>y &   
s*ool at ,cant]bury1 :i* aft]w>d atta9$ 
great  celebrity4 ,b ! s*ools (         
,l9disf>ne1 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,aid51  ,a4,d4 
#fce1 eclips$ all less] lum9>ies4 ,aid5 
0 a wor?y  desc5dant ( ,columba1 &      
br\ght to 8 task all ! le>n+  &         
discipl9e ( ,iona4 ,all :o bore company 
) ,aid51 says  ! ,v5]able ,b$e1 :e!r    
monks or laym51 7 employ$  ei!r 9 /udy+ 
! ,scriptures or 9 s++ psalms4 ,?is 0  8
 own daily employm5t :]ev] he w5t4 ,9 ! 
s\? (  ,engl&1 ,maidulf1 also an ,iri%  
mission>y1 f\nd$ ! s*ools  ( ,malmsbury2
 ,wilfr$1 a /ud5t ( ,l9disf>ne1 ! abbey 
&  s*ool ( ,ripon1 introduc+ ! ,b5$ict9e
 rule into ,engl&2  :ile ,ar*bi%op      
,!odore1 a native ( ,t>sis1 & ,adrian1  
describ$ z a f\nta9 ( lett]s & a riv] ( 
arts1' gave a  wond]ful impetus to !    
/udy ( lett]s 9 ,cant]bury4  #eb  ,^!   

latt] add$ to ,/4 ,augu/9e's libr>y !   
works ( ,/4  ,*ryso/om1 ! hi/ory (      
,josephus1 & a copy ( ,hom]4 ,!  /udies 
pursu$ at ,cant]bury consi/$ ( !ology1  
,lat9 &  ,greek1 geometry1 ari?metic1   
music1 me*anics1 a/ronomy1 &  a/rology4 
,! mo/ illu/ri\s pupil ( ! e>ly s*ools (
  ,cant]bury 7 ,/4 ,aldhelm1 :o 0       
?or\ghly famili> ) !  classical au?ors1 
himself a writ] ( no mean ord]1 & :o    
aft]w>d became tea*] at ,malmsbury2 ,/4 
,b5net ,biscop1 :o  f\nd$ s*ools at     
,monk ,we>m\?1 ,y>r[1 & v>i\s o!r       
places1 end[+ !m ) valuable books :i* he
 _h collect$  on ! cont95t4 ,he fir/    
introduc$ ! use ( glass 9  ,engl&4    ,9
 ! s*ool at ,y>r[1 ,b$e comm5c$ 8       
/udies4 ,?is  extraord9>y man1 besides  
att5d+ to 8 duties z a  mission>y &     
tea*]1 f\nd "t to compose =ty-five books
 on  ! mo/ div]se subjects1 includ+     
comm5t>ies on ! ,holy  ,scriptures1     
works on gramm>1 a/ronomy1 ! logic (    
,ari/otle1  music1 geography1 ari?metic1
 or?ography1 v]sification1 !  computum  

or me?od ( calculat+ ,ea/]1 & natural   
philosophy1  besides 8 ,ecclesia/ical   
,hi/ory & ,lives ( !  ,sa9ts4 ,he 0 well
 v]s$ 9 ! ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,hebrew      
languages1 &1 = 8 success 9 r$uc+ !     
b>b>\s  ,anglo-,saxon tongue to some?+ l
 grammatical rules1 he has  be5 ju/ly   
/yl$ ! fa!r ( ! ,engli% language4 ,= !  
imm5se k :i* he display$ 9 8 v>i\s      
writ+s1 he  0 indebt$1 d\btless1 to !   
valuable libr>ies collect$ by  ,/4      
,b5net1 :o1 l a true son ( ,iona1 seiz$ 
^u a book  :5ev] or :]ev] an opportunity
 0 af=d$4 ,at !  beg9n+ ( ! eigh?       
c5tury1 ! s*ools ( ,york atta9$  g5]al  
notoriety "u ! managem5t ( ,egb]t1 :o   
taught !  sev5 lib]al sci5ces1          
*ronology1 natural hi/ory1 ma!matics1  &
 jurisprud5ce4 ,"h ,alcu91 ! advis] &   
fri5d (  ,*>lemagne1 receiv$ 8 fir/     
lessons4    ,nor are we to suppose t !  
great s*ools above m5tion$  occupi$ !   
entire att5tion ( ! hi]>*y ( ,engl&4 ,on
 !  contr>y1 e bi%op _h 8 own sem9>y2 & 
e mona/]y1  ( :i* !re 7 hundr$s 9 !     

sev5? & eigh? c5turies1  _h its int]ior 
or clau/ral1 & its ext]ior  s*ool = !   
education ( ! *ildr5 ( its neighborhood4
 ,9  ,engl&1 z else:]e1 :]ev] a mona/]y 
0 built1 no matt]  h[ remote ! situation
 or h[ b>r5 ! soil1 p flock$  r\nd x n  
only to he> ! gospel prea*$1 b to le>n !
  me*anical arts & ! laws ( agriculture4
 ,besides ?is1 p>i%  prie/s1 or1 z !y 7 
call$ 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon1 mass  prie/s1 7
 oblig$ to op5 & su/a9 p>o*ial free     
s*ools  = ! *ildr5 ( ! peasantry & s]fs4
    ,x is ackn[l$g$ by all writ]s1 no   
matt] h[ sceptical !y  may be on o!r    
po9ts1 t ! *ur* 0 ! fir/ to raise  woman
 to h] true place 9 society4 ,9 pagan   
times woman 0  treat$ mu* ! same z %e n[
 is 9 ,mohamm$an c\ntries1 &  only ! v  
vile/ ( ! sex enjoy$ any fre$om ( spee* 
or  action2 b ,*ri/ianity n only ?rew   
its aegis ar\nd h]1 b  provid$ = h]     
education ) a c>e only second1 if inde$ 
n  fully equal1 to t be/[$ on           
ecclesia/ics4  #ec  ,we f9d by !        
correspond5ce betwe5 ,/4 ,boniface & 8  

relative ,lioba1 t ! nuns ( ,engl& at t 
"t und]/ood  & c\ld write ! ,lat9       
language1 & 7 well v]s$ 9 !  ,scriptures
 & ! writ+s ( ! fa!rs4 ,nunn]ies 71 9   
fact1 9 ! middle ages almo/ z num]\s z  
mona/]ies1 &  9 _! sph]e z p[]ful ag5ts 
9 ! advancem5t ( religion  & education4 
,by ! close ( ! eigh? c5tury ,engl& _h  
rea*$ ! z5i?  ( h] fir/ p]iod ( lit]>y  
glory4 ,n only 7 h] p  ?or\ghly in/ruct$
 accord+ to _! degree & rank1 b !  isl& 
ab\nd$ 9 sa9ts & s*ol>s1 _m ( :om1 l ^? 
( ,irel&1 w5t =?1 f "t to "t1 to repay  
to b5ight$  ,europe a portion ( ! debt  
contract$ two c5turies e>li]4    ,x 7 an
 int]e/+ /udy1 if space p]mitt$1 to     
trace !  div]g5t pa?s pursu$ by ,iri% & 
,engli% s*ol>s on !  cont95t1 9 :at may 
be call$ _! initial campaigns aga9/     
ignorance4 ,we f9d ! ,iri% invad+       
,france1 ,switz]l&1 ,italy1  & ev5      
,spa91 :ile ! ,anglo-,saxons1 ) a l     
aff9ity =  race & habits1 pref]r$ !     
nor!rn "p ( ,europe1 !  cradle ( _!     
ance/ors4 ,/4 ,columbanus1 ^: rule1 next

 to  t ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 0 ! mo/ g5]ally   
adopt$ 9 !  cont95tal mona/]ies1 f\nd$ !
 s*ools ( ,luxeuil 9  ,burgundy & (     
,bobbio 9 ,italy2 ,/4 ,gall1 "o ( 8     
companions1  laid ! f\ndation ( ! fam\s 
s*ools ( t "n 9  ,switz]l&2 ,/4 ,ca?al (
 ,lismore became ! patron sa9t (        
,t>5tum1 & ,donatus & ,frigidan 7 bi%ops
 ( ,fiesole 9  ,tuscany & ,lucca4    ,/4
 ,w9ifr$1 or1 z he 0 aft]w>d call$1     
,boniface1 ! fir/  great ,engli%        
mission>y to ! cont95t1 a*iev$ great    
successes 9 ! nor? ab\t #gbc1 &1 be+    
desir\s ( tra9+  up a native prie/hood  
to p]petuate 8 works1 invit$ sev]al  ( 8
 c\ntrym5 to ,g]many to take *>ge ( !   
sem9>ies (  ! diff]5t bi%oprics he _h   
f\nd$4 ,among ^? :o accept$  !          
invitation 7 8 two nephews1 "o ( :om1   
,willibald1  e/abli%$ a college at      
,ordorp4 ,! sem9>y ( ,utre*t owes its   
orig9 to "o ( 8 e>lie/ pupils1 ,luidg]1 
a direct  desc5dant ( ,dagob]t ,,ii41 :o
 also built sev]al sem9>ies &  mona/ic  
s*ools 9 ,saxony4 ,ano!r ( ,/4          

,boniface's /ud5ts1  ,/rum1 laid !      
f\ndation ( ! celebrat$ abbey & s*ool ( 
,fulda 9 #gdd2 &1 to complete ! "w (    
reg5]ation1 ?irty  nuns 7 br\ght ov] f  
,engl&1 :o e/abli%$ religi\s  h\ses     
innum]able1 & introduc$ among ! rude    
,g]mans !  le>n+ & ref9em5t :i* m>k$ !  
nunn]ies ( _!  native l&4 ,/4 ,boniface1
 hav+ be5 appo9t$ papal legate &  vic> )
 jurisdiction ov] ! bi%ops ( ,gaul &    
,g]many1  appli$ sev]al ye>s ( 8 life to
 ! re=mation ( abuses  & ! e/abli%m5t ( 
/rict rules ( life among ! cl]gy (  bo? 
c\ntries4 ,to ?is end we are told t 9 e 
place :]e  he plant$ a mona/]y he add$ a
 s*ool1 n only = !  b5efit ( "y monks1 b
 9 ord] t ! rude population by  :om !y 7
 surr\nd$ might be tra9$ 9 holy         
discipl9e1  & t _! unciviliz$ mann]s    
might be s(t5$ by !  influ5ce ( humane  
le>n+4 ,8 gr& "w hav+ be5  accompli%$1  
he resign$ 8 delegat$ p[]s1 resum$ 8    
mission>y life1 &1 ) no?+ b 8 books &   
%r\d1  proce$$ to ,friesl&1 ! sc5e ( 8  
fir/ labors1 :]e he  suff]$ m>tyrdom 9  

#gee4 ,?is sa9t 0 a devot$ fri5d to     
education1 & t portion ( ! decrees ( !  
c\ncil (  ,clove%oe1 held 9 #gdg1 9 :i* 
! subject ( le>n+ is  treat$1 is ascrib$
 to 8 p54  #ed  ,! c\ncil ord]$ t       
bi%ops1 abbots1 & abbesses d by all     
means dilig5tly provide t all _! p      
incessantly apply  _! m9ds to read+2 t  
boys be br\ght up 9 !  ecclesia/ical    
s*ools1 s z to be useful to ! *ur* (    
,god2  & t _! ma/]s d n employ !m 9     
bodily labor on  ,sundays4    ,:ile     
,g]many 0 be+ reclaim$ f its primitive  
b>b>ism1  ,gaul1 :i* _h giv5 s _m       
mission>ies to ! ,we/]n  ,isl&s1 0 n    
neglect$4 ,= m ?an two hundr$ ye>s ?is  
c\ntry1 once s f]tile 9 pi\s m5 & le>n$ 
in/itutions1  0 ! !atre ( ! mo/         
frightful disord]s1 consequ5t on        
dome/ic w>s & =eign invasions4 ,!re 7 b 
few  mona/]ies surviv+1 b ev5 ^! 7 true 
to ! design (  _! f\nd]s1 & 9 !m le>n+1 
to use ! eloqu5t rem>k  ( ! ,prote/ant  
hi/orian1 ,guizot1 proscrib$ & beat5 d[n
  by ! tempe/ t rag$ ar\nd1 took refuge 

"u ! %elt]  ( ! alt>1 till happi] times 
%\ld suff] x to appe> 9  ! _w4 ,b a     
memorable epo* _h arriv$ 9 ! hi/ory (   
,france4 ,9 #gga ,*>lemagne became mon>*
 ( all ! ,franks1 &  by 8 extraord9>y   
milit>y successes & political wisdom    
soon  made himself ma/] ( ! entire      
cont95t nor? ( !  ,pyr5ees4 ,b great z 7
 8 conque/s 9 ! field1 8  victories 9 ! 
cause ( lett]s 9 ,france 7 m spl5did  & 
f> m durable4 ,"u 8 long & brilliant    
sway ! evils  ( previ\s c5turies 7 swept
 away2 *ur*es 7 re/or$1  mona/]ies      
rebuilt1 sem9>ies & s*ools ev]y:]e op5$4
  ,l all great practical m51 ! ,franki% 
mon>* knew admirably  well h[ to *oose 8
 assi/ants :5 gr& ends 7 to be  rea*$1 &
 9 ?is in/ance he select$ ,alcu9 ( ,york
 z 8  ag5t 9 re/or+ to 8 dom9ions       
religi\s h>mony &  ,*ri/ian education4  
,! result %[$ ! wisdom ( 8 *oice1  = to 
no man ( t day c\ld s h]culean a task be
 assign$  ) bett] hope ( its execution4 
,tra9$ 9 ! s*ools (  ,york1 !n among !  
be/ 9 ,engl&1 he unit$ to a solid       

judgm5t pr(\nd le>n+ & an en]gy ( m9d z 
untir+ z  t ev5 ( 8 royal patron4 ,!    
,palat9e s*ool1 ?\gh 9  exi/5ce previ\s 
to ! reign ( ,*>lemagne1 0 plac$ "u  !  
*>ge ( ,alcu91 & ! emp]or & v>i\s memb]s
 ( 8  family became 8 fir/ & mo/        
att5tive pupils4 ,x consi/$  ( two      
di/9ct p>ts3 "o1 compos$ ( ! royal      
family & !  c\rti]s1 foll[$ ! emp]or's  
p]son2 ! o!r necess>ily  /ation>y1 9 :i*
 7 educat$ "y laym5 z well z ^?  int5d$ 
= ! cloi/]2 ,*>lemagne1 himself sett+ ! 
example ( dilig5t /udy1 manag$ to       
acquire1 amid ! turmoil  ( w> & ! labors
 ( ! cab9et1 a consid]able k (  ,lat91  
,greek1 & ,hebrew1 ! lib]al sci5ces &   
a/ronomy1 (  ! latt] ( :i* he seems to h
 be5 p>ticul>ly fond4    ,! fir/ /ep    
tak5 by ,alcu9 0 ! correction ( ! copies
  ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* _h become  
almo/ un9telligible  f ! accumulat$     
errors ( =m] transcrib]s4 ,?is he       
succe$$ 9 do+ ab\t ! ye> #hjj4 ,he next 
turn$ 8  att5tion to ! multiplication & 
repl5i%+ ( libr>ies4 ,a  /aff ( skilful 

copyi/s 0 gradually =m$1 & s soon z  any
 "w _h be5 revis$ by ,alcu9 & 8         
fell[-labor]s1 x  0 deliv]$ ov] to ! h&s
 ( ! mona/ic scribes4    #ee    ,!      
capitul>s ( ,*>lemagne 9 relation to    
civil affairs &  municipal laws m>k him 
z "o ( ! able/ /atesm5 ( any  age1 & are
 peculi>ly 8 own2 b ^? on education are 
s  compreh5sive1 & ( s elaborate a      
nature1 t we _c help  ?9k+ !m ! fruits (
 ,alcu9's sugge/ions1 embody+1 z  !y d1 
9 an (ficial =m ! precise views s (t5   
express$  by him 9 lett]s & lectures4   
,by ^! decrees mona/ic s*ools  7 divid$ 
into m9or & major s*ools1 &  public     
s*ools1 :i* answ]$ to ! free p>o*ial    
s*ools (  ,engl&4 ,9 ! m9or s*ools1 :i* 
7 to be atta*$ to all  mona/]ies1 7 to  
be taught ! ,ca?olic fai? & pray]s1     
gramm>1 *ur* music1 ! psalt]1 &         
computum2 9 ! major  s*ools1 ! sci5ces &
 lib]al arts 7 add$2 :ile 9 !  public   
s*ools1 ! *ildr5 ( all1 free & s]vile1 7
 to  receive gratis su* in/ruction z 0  
suitable to _!  condition &             

compreh5sion4 ,^? monks :o1 ei!r f      
neglect  or want ( opportunity1 _h n    
acquir$ suffici5t education to  enable  
!m to tea* 9 _! own mona/]ies1 7 all[$  
to  /udy 9 o!rs 9 ord] to become duly   
qualifi$ = ! duty  impos$ on !m4 ,a m   
complete sy/em ( g5]al education  c\ld n
 well be devis$ nor m rigidly c>ri$ out4
    ,alcu9 end$ 8 well-sp5t life 9 #hjd1
 & ,*>lemagne t5  ye>s lat]2 b _! re=ms 
liv$ aft] !m1 & 7  p]petuat$ 9 succe$+  
reigns ) equal vigor1 if n )  equal     
munific5ce4 ,!odulph1 ,bi%op ( ,orleans1
 n only  e/abli%$ s*ools 9 e "p ( 8 l>ge
 diocese1 b  compil$ class-books = ! use
 ( _! pupils2 ! diocese (  ,v]dun 0     
simil>ly suppli$ by ! ,abbot ,sm>agdus2 
,b5$ict (  ,anian1 re=m$ ! ,b5$ict9e    
ord]1 & l ,leidrade1 0 a  zeal\s tea*] &
 a great collector ( books2 & ,adalh>d1 
!  emp]or's c\s91 became1 z x 71 !      
second f\nd] ( ,old  ,corby4    ,dur+ ! 
n9? & t5? c5turies1 s fruitful ( s*ol>s 
9  e "p ( ,europe1 ! mona/ic s*ools may 
be said to h  rea*$ _! highe/           

developm5t4 ,( ^? nor? ( ! ,alps we  may
 m5tion ,fulda1 ,old & ,new ,corby1     
,ri*neau1 & ,/4 ,gall1  ?\gh !re 7 a    
great _m o!rs ( ne>ly equal ext5t &     
reputation4    ,fulda1 z we h se51 0    
f\nd$ by ,/rum1 a pupil ( ,/4           
,boniface1 :o adopt$ ! ,b5$ict9e rule4  
,aft] its f\nd]1  its greate/ tea*] 0   
,rabanus1 a pupil ( ,alcu91 :o assum$  !
 *>ge ( ! s*ool ab\t #hac4 ,8 success 9 
tea*+ 0  s great t x is said t all !    
,g]man nobles s5t _!  sons to be educat$
 by him1 & t ! abbots ( !  surr\nd+     
mona/]ies 7 eag] to h 8 /ud5ts =        
pr(essors4 ,he taught gramm> s ?or\ghly 
t he is m5tion$  by ,tri!mius z be+ !   
fir/ :o indoctr9at$ ! ,g]mans 9  ! prop]
 articulation ( ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,8 c\rse
 embrac$  all sacr$ & pr(ane lit]ature1 
sci5ce1 & art2 yet he /ill  f\nd "t to  
compose1 & aft]w>d1 :5 ,ar*bi%op (      
,m5tz1  to publi% 8 treatise ,de        
,in/itutione ,cl]icorum4 ,among  8      
pupils 7 ,/rabo1 au?or ( ! ,comm5t>ies  
on ! ,text  ( ,scripture2 ,otfri$1 call$

 ! fa!r ( ! ,tudesque1 or  ,g]man       
lit]ature2 ,lupus1 au?or ( ,roman       
,hi/ory2 ,he9ie1  au?or ( ! ,life ( ,/4 
,g]manus2 ,regimus1 ( ,aux]re2  & ,ado1 
compil] ( ! ,m>tyrology4 ,:ile ^? great 
s*ol>s 7 tea*+ & writ+1 x is wor? our   
:ile to  inquire :at ! less] lights ( ! 
mona/]y 7 do+4 ,"h  is ! picture3    #ef
      ,e v>iety ( useful occupation 0   
embrac$ by ! monks2    :ile "s 7 at "w  
hew+ d[n ! old =e/ :i* a few    ye>s    
be=e _h giv5 %elt] to ! my/]ies ( pagan 
wor%ip1 or till+ ! soil on ^? num]\s    
f>ms :i* to    ?is day p]petuate !      
memory ( ! great abbey 9 ! names    ( ! 
t[ns & villages :i* h sprung up on _!   
site1    o!r k9ds ( indu/ry 7 kept up )9
 doors1 :]e !    visitor might h beheld 
a huge range ( work%ops1 9 :i*    cunn+ 
h&s 7 kept con/antly busy on e          
description (    useful & ornam5tal "w1 
9 wood1 /one1 & metal4 ,x 0 a    sc5e n 
( arti/ic dilettanteism1 b ( e>ne/1     
hone/ labor1 & ! treasur] ( ! abbey 0   
*>g$ to    take c>e t ! sculptors1      

engrav]s1 & c>v]s 9 wood    7 always    
furni%$ ) pl5ty to d4 ,pass+ on to !    
int]ior ( ! build+1 ! /rang] w\ld h be5 
introduc$ to ! scriptorium1 ov] ! door (
 :i* 0 an    inscription w>n+ copyi/s to
 ab/a9 f idle words1 to be    dilig5t 9 
copy+ books1 & to take c>e n to alt] !  
text by c>eless mi/akes4 ,twelve monks  
always sat "h1    employ$ 9 ! labor (   
transcrib+1 z 0 ! cu/om at    ,hirsauge1
 a colony s5t out f ,fulda 9 #hcj1 & !  
huge    libr>y :i* 0 ?us gradually =m$1 
surviv$ till !    beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5?   
c5tury1 :5 x 0 de/roy$ 9    ! tr\bles ( 
! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,n f> f !          
scriptorium 0 ! int]ior s*ool1 :]e      
/udies 7 c>ri$    on ) an ardor & a     
l>g5ess ( views :i* might h be5         
little expect$ f an academy ( ! n9?     
c5tury4 ,our    visitor1 7 he f ! m     
civiliz$ s\?1 might well h    /ood 9    
mute surprise 9 ! mid/ ( ^! fanci$      
b>b>ians1 :om he w\ld h f\nd engag$ 9   
pursuits n    unwor?y ( ! s*ools (      
,rome4 ,! monk ,probus is p]haps        

lectur+ on ,virgil & ,cic]o1 & t ) su*  
he>ty    en?usiasm t 8 bro!r pr(essors  
accuse him1 9    good-natur$ je/+1 (    
rank+ !m ) ! sa9ts4    ,else:]e         
disputations are be+ c>ri$ on ov] !     
,categories    ( ,ari/otle1 & an        
att5tive e> w discov] t !    controv]sy 
:i* made su* a noise 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 
&    divid$ ! philosoph]s ( ,europe into
 ! rival sects ( !    nom9ali/s &       
reali/s1 is p]fectly well und]/ood at   
,fulda1 ?\gh x does n seem to h di/urb$ 
! peace (    ! s*ool4 ,to y\r delight1  
if y be n altoge!r w$d$ to    ! dead    
languages1 y may f9d "s engag$ on !     
unc\?    language ( _! fa!rl&1 &1 look+ 
ov] _!    %\ld]s1 y may smile to see !  
b>b>\s words :i* !y    are catalogu+ 9  
_! gloss>ies2 words1 nev]!less1    de/9$
 to reappe> c5turies h5ce 9 ! mo/       
philosophical    lit]ature ( ,europe4   
,footnote #h        ,footnote #h3       
,*ri/ian ,s*ools & ,s*ol>s1 pp4         
#bje-bjf4    ,! s*ool ( ,old ,corby ow$ 
its reputation n only to its royal      

abbot1 b also to its ma/]1 ,pa*asius    
,radp]t1 :o1 l  ,/rabo1 0 ( humble      
orig91 & 0 indebt$ to ! nuns (          
,soissons = an education4 ,he 0 "o ( !  
mo/ rem>kable  s*ol>s ( ! age1 & ! au?or
 ( sev]al books 9 prose &  v]se4 ,8 mo/ 
fam\s pupil 0 ,ans*>ius1 ! fir/ tea*] at
  ,new ,corby1 9 ,saxony1 f\nd$ by monks
 ( ! p>5t h\se 9  #hbb1 & aft]w>d a     
mission>y to ,d5m>k & ,ar*bi%op (       
,hamburg4 ,! two ,corbys1 f\nd$ on !    
same plan1 long vi$ )  ea* o!r 9 !      
erudition ( _! ma/]s1 ! multitude (  _! 
/ud5ts1 & ! r>ity & numb] ( _! books4   
,b ! mona/]y & s*ools ( ,/4 ,gall       
surpass$ 9 ext5t &  v>iety ( /udies all 
_! contempor>ies4 ,= ! b5efit (  ^? :o  
affect to believe t ! mona/]ies ( !     
middle  ages 7 ne/s ( slo?fulness &     
ignorance1 z well z = !  beauty ( !     
sket* itself1 we transcribe ! foll[+    
description f ! au?or be=e u1 premis+ t 
x is a  fai?ful cond5sation ( ,ekkeh>d's
 acc\nt ( ?is celebrat$  h\se1 ( :i* he 
0 "o ( ! inmates3      ,! fir/ f\ndation

 ( ,/4 ,gall's belongs1 inde$1 to a date
    f> e>li] ?an t ( :i* we are n[      
treat+3 x ow$ its    orig9 to ,/4 ,gall1
 ! ,iri% disciple ( ,/4 ,columbanus1 :o1
    9 ! sev5? c5tury1 p5etrat$ into !   
recesses ( !    ,helvetian m\nta9s & !re
 fix$ 8 abode 9 ! mid/ ( a    pagan     
population4 ,"u ! fam\s abbot1 ,/4      
,o?m>1 :o    fl\ri%$ 9 ! "t ( ,pep91 !  
monks receiv$ !    ,b5$ict9e rule1 & f t
 "t ! mona/]y rapidly grew    9 fame &  
prosp]ity1 s t1 9 ! n9? c5tury1 x 0     
reg>d$ z ! fir/ religi\s h\se nor? ( !  
,alps4  #eg    ,x is ) a sigh (         
irrepressible regret1 call$ =? by !     
remembrance ( a =m ( beauty t is dead & 
gone =ev]1    t ! mona/ic hi/orian hangs
 ov] ! e>ly *ronicles (    ,/4 ,gall4 ,x
 lay 9 ! mid/ ( ! savage ,helvetian     
wild]ness1 an oasis ( piety &           
civilization4 ,look+ d[n    f ! craggy  
m\nta9s1 ! passes ( :i* op5 to !        
s\!rn extremity ( ! lake ( ,con/ance1 ! 
travell]    w\ld h /ood amaz$ at ! sudd5
 app>ition ( t va/    range ( /ately    

build+s :i* almo/ fill$ up ! valley at  
8 feet4 ,*ur*es & cloi/]s1 ! (fices ( a 
great abbey1    build+s set ap>t =      
/ud5ts & gue/s1 work%ops ( e            
description1 ! =ge1 ! bakeh\se1 & !     
mill1 or1    r1 mills1 = !re 7 t5 ( !m1 
all 9 su* active    op]ation t !y e ye> 
requir$ t5 new mill/ones2 &    !n !     
h\ses occupi$ by ! va/ numb]s ( artisans
 &    workm5 atta*$ to ! mona/]y2 g>d5s1
 too1 & v9ey>ds    creep+ up ! m\nta9   
slopes1 & beyond !m fields (    wav+    
corn1 & %eep speck+ ! gre5 mead[s1 &1 f>
    away1 boats busily ply+ on ! lake & 
c>ry+ goods &    pass5g]s--:at a _w x 0 
( life & activity2 yet h[    unlike !   
activity ( a t[n6 ,x 01 9 fact1 n a t[n1
 b    a h\se--a family presid$ ov] by a 
fa!r1 ^: memb]s 7    all knit toge!r 9 !
 bonds ( common frat]nity4 ,i "k n      
:e!r ! spiritual or social side ( su* a 
religi\s colony    7 mo/ fitt$ to rivet 
! att5tion4 ,desc5d into !    valley1 & 
visit all ! nurs]ies ( useful foil1 see 
!    cr[ds ( rude peasants trans=m$ into

 intellig5t artisans1    & y w c>ry away
 ! impression t ! monks ( ,/4    ,gall  
_h f\nd out ! secret ( creat+ a _w (    
happy    ,*ri/ian factories4 ,ent] _!   
*ur* & li/5 to !    exquisite           
modulations ( ^? *ants & sequ5ces1      
peculi>    to ! abbey1 :i* boa/$ (      
possess+ ! mo/ sci5tific    s*ool (     
music 9 all ,europe2 visit _!           
scriptorium1 _!    libr>y1 & _! s*ool1  
or ! work%op :]e ! monk    ,tutilo is   
putt+ ! f9i%+ t\* to 8 wond]ful copp]   
images & 8 f9e alt>-frontals ( gold &   
jewels1 & y    w ?9k y\rself 9 "s       
intellectual & arti/ic academy4    ,b   
look into ! *oir1 & behold ! hundr$     
monks :o =m    ! community at _!        
midnight (fice1 & y w =get    ev]y?+    
save ! sa9tly aspect ( ^? s]vants (     
,god1    :o %$ abroad ov] ! des]t ar\nd 
!m ! good odor (    ,*ri/1 & are !      
apo/les ( ! prov9ces :i* own _!    g5tle
 sway4 ,y may quit ! circuit ( ! abbey1 
& plunge    once m into ! m\nta9 region 
:i* rises beyond ! rea*    ( its s(t5+1 

humaniz+ influ5ce4 ,"h are di/ant cells 
& h]mitages ) _! *apels1 :]e ! %eph]ds  
come =    e>ly mass2 or x may be t !re  
meets y1 w9d+ ov] !    m\nta9 pa?s ( :i*
 !y s+ s sweetly1 go+ up & d[n    among 
! hills1 into ! ?ick =e/s & ! rocky     
holl[s1    a procession ( ! monks1 c>ry+
 _! relics1 & foll[$    by a peasant    
cr[d4 ,9 ! s*ools y may h be5 li/5+     
to lectures 9 ! le>n$ & ev5 9 ! ,ea/]n  
tongues2 b    9 ! *ur*es1 & "h among !  
m\nta9s1 y w he>    ^? f9e classical    
s*ol>s prea*+ pla9 tru?s 9    b>b>\s    
idioms to a rude race1 :o1 be=e ! monks 
came    among !m1 sacrific$ to ! evil   
"o1 & wor%ipp$ /ocks    & /ones4        
,yet1 hidd5 away z x 0 among its crags &
 des]ts1 !    abbey ( ,/4 ,gall's 0     
almo/ z mu* a place ( resort z    ,rome 
or ,a!ns1 at lea/ to ! le>n$ _w ( ! n9? 
c5tury4 ,h] s*ools 7 a k9d ( univ]sity1 
frequ5t$ by    m5 ( all nations1 :o came
 hi!r to fit !mselves = all             
pr(essions4 ,y w\ld h f\nd "h n monks   
alone1 &    future s*ola/ics1 b c\rti]s1

 soldi]s1 & ! sons (    k+s4 ,!         
education giv5 0 v f> f be+ exclusively 
int5d$ = ^? aspir+ to ! ecclesia/ical   
/ate2 x _h    a l>ge admixture ( !      
secul> elem5t1 at any rate1 9 !         
ext]ior s*ool4 ,n only 7 ! sacr$ sci5ces
 taught )    ! utmo/ c>e1 b ! classic   
au?ors 7 likewise    expla9$3 ,cic]o1   
,horace1 ,virgil1 ,lucan1 & ,t]5ce 7    
read    by ! s*ol>s1 & none b v little  
boys presum$ to    speak 9 any?+ b      
,lat94 ,! subjects = _! orig9al         
compositions 7 mo/ly tak5 f ,scripture &
 *ur*    hi/ory1 &1 hav+ writt5 _!      
ex]cises1 !y 7    expect$ to recite !m1 
! prop] tones be+ indicat$ by    musical
 notes4 ,_m ( ! monks excell$ z poets1  
o!rs    cultivat$ pa9t+ & sculpture1 &  
o!r exquisite &    cloi/ral arts2 all   
dilig5tly appli$ to ! grammatical       
=mation ( ! ,tudesque dialect & r5d]$ x 
capable (    produc+ a lit]ature ( its  
own4 ,_! libr>y 9 ! eigh?    c5tury 0   
only 9 its infancy1 b gradually became  
"o (    ! ri*e/ 9 ! _w4 ,!y 7 9         

correspond5ce ) all    ! le>n$ mona/ic  
h\ses ( ,france & ,italy1 f :om !y      
receiv$ ! preci\s codex n[ ( a ,virgil  
or a ,livy1 n[ (    ! sacr$ books1 &    
sometimes ( "s r>e treatise on    m$ic9e
 or a/ronomy4  #eh    ,!y 7 ,greek      
/ud5ts1 moreov]1 & ^? mo/ addict$ to    
! cultivation ( ! ,cecropian muse 7     
d5om9at$ !    ',fratres ,ell5c9i4' ,!   
beauty ( _! native manuscripts is       
prais$ by all au?ors1 & ! names ( _! be/
    transcrib]s f9d honorable m5tion 9  
_! annals4 ,!y    manufactur$ _! own    
p>*m5t out ( ! hides ( ! wild    bea/s t
 roam$ ?r\gh ! m\nta9s & =e/s ar\nd     
!m1 & prep>$ x ) su* skill t x acquir$ a
    peculi> delicacy4 ,_m h&s 7 employ$ 
on a s+le    manuscript4 ,"s made !     
p>*m5t1 o!rs drew ! fair r$    l9es1    
o!rs wrote on ! pages ?us prep>$2 m     
skilful    h&s put 9 ! gold & ! initial 
lett]s1 & m le>n$    heads comp>$ ! copy
 ) ! orig9al text--?is duty be+         
g5]ally dis*>g$ dur+ ! int]val betwe5   
mat9s &    lauds1 ! daylight h\rs be+   

res]v$ = actual    transcription4       
,erasure1 :5 necess>y1 0 r>ely made )   
! knife1 b an errone\s ^w 0 delicately  
drawn ?r\gh    by ! p51 s z n to spoil !
 beauty ( ! codex4 ,la/ly    came !     
b9d]s1 :o enclos$ ! :ole 9 bo>ds ( wood1
    cramp$ ) ivory or iron1 ! sacr$     
volumes be+ cov]$    ) plates ( gold &  
adorn$ ) jewels4    ,! ,engli% mission>y
 s*ol>s ( ! eigh? c5tury 7  foll[$ 9 !  
n9? by _! ,iri% bre?r5 9 ev5 great]     
numb]s4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 9 8 ,life ( ,/4     
,mala*i1 notices  ?is le>n$ invasion1 & 
,h5ry ( ,aux]re decl>es t x  appe>$ z if
 ! :ole ( ,irel& 7 ab\t to pass into    
,gaul4  ,virgil1 ,bi%op ( ,saltzburg1 0 
n only a le>n$ man1 b an  ard5t promot] 
( education4 ,clem5t1 :o succe$$ ,alcu9 
z  s*ola/icus ( ! ,palat9e s*ool1 0 an  
excell5t ,greek  l+ui/4 ,dungal1 8      
companion1 op5$ an academy at ,pavia1 & 
f9ally di$ at ,bobbio1 to :i* he        
bequea!d 8 valuable  classical libr>y4  
,m>x & 8 nephew ,mo5gall settl$ at ,/4  
,gall 9 #hdj1 :]e ! latt] became ma/] ( 

! int]ior  s*ool1 & introduc$ ! /udy (  
,greek2 & f9ally ,scotus  ,erig5a appe>$
 9 ! lit]>y firmam5t1 l a comet 9       
brilliancy1 & z port5t\s ( dire /rifes &
 conte/s4  ,erig5a1 :o fir/ came into   
notoriety by 8 translation (  ,dionysius
 ! ,areopagite1 0 unque/ionably ! mo/   
erudite man ( 8 "t1 p[]ful 9 argum5t &  
exce$+ly  subtle 9 discussion1 ) a      
p]fect k ( ! le>n$  languages1 sci5ce1 &
 ! pr(ane lit]ature ( bo? anci5ts  &    
mod]ns4 ,8 great gifts1 h[ev]1 7 sadly  
m>r$ by  extravagant vanity & a         
pugnacity :i* br\ght him into  collision
 ) ne>ly e contempor>y ( note4 ,he wrote
 _m  books1 9 :i* he advanc$ op9ions m  
rem>kable = _!  boldness & orig9ality   
?an = s\ndness2 & f9ally1 8  writ+s hav+
 be5 condemn$ by sev]al prov9cial       
c\ncils1 he  0 oblig$ to retire f !     
,palat9e s*ool1 ( :i* he _h  enjoy$ !   
direction = _m ye>s "u ,*>les ! ,bald4  
,let u n[ return to ! c\ntry ( ,/4      
,boniface & ( ,alcu91  :i* we left at ! 
beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury1 9 !  pl5itude (  

its intellectual greatness4 ,:at a *ange
 has tak5  place 9 sev5ty-five ye>s6    
,*ur*es1 mona/]ies1 & s*ools  9 utt]    
ru92 ! we$s gr[+ rank ov] brok5 alt>s2 !
  reptile crawl+ undi/urb$ :]e work$ !  
busy h&s ( a  ?\s& monks2 & ! solitude (
 ! once noisy s*ool  di/urb$ only by !  
flutt] ( ! bat or ! scree* ( !  night   
owl4 ,! fi]ce ,nor?m51 ! b>b>ic         
executors ( !  ,huns & ,v&als1 _h be5   
ov] ! l&1 & desolation  ev]y:]e m>k$ _! 
foot-pr9ts4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*1     
says ,l+>d1 pres5t$ a melan*oly         
spectacle2 ! laity _h  resum$ ! f]oci\s 
mann]s ( _! pagan =efa!rs2 !  cl]gy _h  
gr[n indol5t1 dissolute1 & illit]ate2 ! 
mona/ic ord] 0 app>5tly annihilat$4  #ei
  ,:5 ,alfr$ _h cru%$ ! ,dani% p[] at ! 
battle (  ,e?&un 9 #hgc1 &1 l a wise    
pr9ce1 propos$ to revive  le>n+ 9 8     
k+dom1 he c\ld n f9d "o ecclesia/ic s\? 
( ! ,?ames :o und]/ood ! div9e s]vice1  
or :o knew h[  to translate ,lat9 into  
,engli%4 ,nev]!less1 ?is k+1 ju/ly      
surnam$ ! ,great1 resolutely set himself

 to "w1 &1 ) !  help ( ! ,we/ ,briti%   
s*ol>1 ,ass]1 ,grimbald ( ,rheims1 ,john
  ( ,old ,saxony1 & o!r =eign monks1    
effect$ _m useful  re=ms1 & to a limit$ 
ext5t provid$ ! means ( education  = 8  
b5ight$ subjects1 sett+ ! example       
himself by  dilig5t & p]sev]+ /udy4 ,he 
comm5c$ to le>n ,lat9 at  ?irty-six1 &  
left aft] him sev]al works1 pr9cipally  
translations f t language4    ,! gr&    
designs ( ,alfr$ 7 n c>ri$ out 9 8      
lifetime4  ,_! execution 0 res]v$ = ,/4 
,dun/an1 a pupil ( "s  poor ,iri% monks 
:o _h settl$ 9 ! ru9s ( ! old abbey (  8
 native t[n1 ,gla/onbury1 & support$    
!mselves by  tea*+ ! *ildr5 ( !         
neighbor+ peasantry4 ,h[ /range a       
co9cid5ce t ! c\ntrym5 ( ,columba &     
,aidan 7 aga9  to be ! in/rum5ts1 "u    
,provid5ce1 ( br++ back to  ,engl& !    
light ( ! gospel1 & all t adorns &      
beautifies life4 ,/4 ,dun/an's re=ms 7 (
 ! mo/ sweep+  nature2 he introduc$ !   
,b5$ict9e rule 9 all its /rictness1  n  
only at ,gla/onbury1 b 9 e mona/]y he   

re/or$ or  e/abli%$2 &1 despair+ (      
effect+ any good ?r\gh !  m$ium ( !     
secul> cl]gy1 he unhesitat+ly turn$ !m  
adrift1 & proce$$ to create a new & m   
intellig5t body  out ( ! "y m5 :o       
surr\nd$ him3 an ex]cise ( au?ority  !  
"r to :i* he d]iv$ f 8 position z       
primate &  apo/olic legate4 ,( !        
assi/ants ( ,/4 ,dun/an 9 8 "w (        
reorganization1 ! mo/ active 7 ,/4      
,e!lwold1 a close  /ud5t n only (       
classics1 b ( ,anglo-,saxon1 9 :i*      
language he compos$ sev]al poems2       
,a,elfric1 au?or ( sev]al  s*ool-books 9
 ,lat9 & ,anglo-,saxon1 & translator (  
,lat91  ,g]man1 & ,fr5*2 ,abbo ( ,fleury
 came to ,engl& & taught =  him 9 !     
s*ool ( ,ramsey2 & ! monks ( ,corby1    
m9dful1 no  d\bt1 ( _! anci5t orig91 s5t
 him "s ( _! be/  /ud5ts1 well v]s$ 9   
mona/ic discipl9e4 ,f ?is "t  =? ,engl&1
 despite ! occasional inroads ( ! ,danes
 &  ! ,norman conque/1 advanc$ /eadily 9
 educational progress  until ! blight ( 
! ,re=mation long aft] ?rew h] back     

into ignorance & unbelief4    ,brita9 0 
n ! only c\ntry :i* suff]$ f ! gre$y  & 
ubiquit\s sea-k+s4 ,irel&1 ,france1     
,italy1 ev5 to !  suburbs ( ,rome1 7    
ravi%$ by ^? b>b>ians dur+ !  t5?       
c5tury4 ,9 "s c\ntries1 z 9 ,italy &    
,irel&1 !y  7 ev5tually expell$ or      
subdu$2 9 o!rs1 l ,france1 !y  made a   
p]man5t lodgm5t1 & 7 /rong en\gh to     
dictate  t]ms to k+s4 ,:]ev] !y appe>$1 
!y seem to h be5  actuat$ by ! same     
diabolical lu/ ( plund] & murd]1 !      
mona/]ies & s*ools be+ special objects (
 hatr$1 &  favorite places :]e _!       
f]ocity c\ld be gratifi$ at little  risk
 ( opposition4 ,ev5 ! ,s>ac5s1 tak+     
c\rage f !  di/ractions ( ! times1 took 
possession ( accessible po9ts  on !     
,fr5* coa/1 & add$ to ! g5]al disord]4  
#fj  ,x is n to be wond]$ at1 !re=e1 t !
 t5? c5tury is  g5]ally consid]$ ! d>ke/
 intellectual epo* 9 our era4  ,g]many  
p]haps 0 ! only c\ntry comp>atively free
 f  ^? di/urb+ causes1 &1 "u !          
protection ( a l9e (  sagaci\s k+s1 !   

cause ( le>n+1 if x did n advance  )    
rapid /rides1 c]ta9ly did n retrograde4 
,t c\ntry  cont9u$ to produce great     
tea*]s l ,adelb]on1 ,b5non1  ,notk]1 &  
,g]b]t1 aft]w>d ,pope ,sylve/] ,,ii41 & 
to su/a9  su* s*ools z ,/4 ,gall's1     
,ri*neau1 & ,gorze4    ,) ! op5+ ( !    
elev5? c5tury we beg9 to p]ceive !      
gradual decay ( ! mona/ic s*ools1 ! rise
 ( s*ola/icism  & ! univ]sity sy/em1 & !
 consequ5t evils result+  f ! tea*+s (  
irresponsible & sceptical pr(essors4    
,h]et(ore ,*ri/ian education w5t h& 9 h&
 ) religion2  ! prie/ :o celebrat$ !    
div9e my/]ies 9 ! morn+  taught 8       
assembl$ pupils dur+ ! day2 religion    
became m  beautiful1 clo!d1 z %e 01 9 ! 
g>m5ts ( sci5ce &  art2 & education 0   
ennobl$ by los+ its selfi%ness &  pride 
9 its contact ) ! fai?2 humility1 ord]1 
&  ob$i5ce m>k$ ! s*ol>1 & dis9t]e/$ness
 & a deep  s5se ( ! greatness ( 8 call+ 
di/+ui%$ ! ma/]4  ,tea*+ ) ! monks 0 a  
sacr$ duty1 a means by :i* !y  might ga9
 salvation & %9e l />s = all et]nity2  )

 ! s*ola/ics ( ! elev5? & succe$+       
c5turies x  became a pr(ession l t ( law
 or m$ic9e1 9 ! ex]cise  ( :i* money &  
notoriety c\ld be ga9$1 oppon5ts sil5c$1
  &1 z 0 too (t5 ! case1 vanity gratifi$
 & s5seless  applause won f ! un?9k+    
multitude4 ,! s*ool ceas$ to  be a holy 
retreat1 & ! pr(essor's *air 0 conv]t$  
into a  ro/rum f :i* ! mo/ absurd &     
illogical dogmas 7  fulm9at$1 alike     
dang]\s to religion1 morals1 & good     
gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! /atem5t ( abuses pres5t$ 
to ! ,c\ncil  ( ,tr5t 9 #aecg-fc by !   
commission appo9t$ by ,paul ,,iii41 x   
is decl>$ t x is a great & p]nici\s     
abuse t1 9 !  public s*ools1 especially 
9 ,italy1 _m philosoph]s tea*  impiety2 
& x is a well-recogniz$ fact 9 hi/ory t1
 f  ! "t ! univ]sities adopt$ ! /udy ( !
 ,roman civil  law1 to ! exclusion almo/
 ( ecclesia/ical & common law1  !y      
became ! /ronge/ bulw>ks ( despotic p[]1
 & !  pliant tools ( absolute pr9ces4   
,x is true t ! *ange 0 gradual & almo/  
imp]ceptible  to its fri5ds & enemies2  

b1 :5 we come to comp>e ! wild  vag>ies 
( ,b]5g>ius1 ! eloqu5t b empty h>angues 
(  ,abel>d1 ! scepticism ( ,erasmus1 & !
 revelries :i*  disgrac$ su* univ]sities
 z ,ox=d & ,p>is1 ) ! moral  _s &       
peaceful calm t brood$ ov] ! mona/]ies (
 ,/4  ,gall1 ,fulda1 & ,gla/5bury1 we c 
at once p]ceive to :at  mon/r\s excesses
 ! m9d ( man is prone :5 unre/ra9$ by   
religion4 ,_m ( ! old-e/abli%$ mona/ic  
s*ools cont9u$  to fl\ri%1 & new ones1 l
 t ( ,bec & ! college (  ,/4 ,victor's  
at ,p>is1 became celebrat$4 ,m5 di/+ui%$
 =  piety & le>n+ 7 num]\s dur+ ! middle
 ages1  not)/&+ ! gr[+ t5d5cy t[>d      
irreligion &  h]esy2 among :om may be   
m5tion$ su* !ologians z ,/4  ,?omas &   
,anselm1 s*ol>s l ,lanfranc & ,?omas    
,kempis1  great doctors l ,/4 ,b]n>d &  
,john ,duns ,scotus1 devotees (  sci5ce 
su* z ,alb]tus ,magnus & ,rog] ,bacon1  
au?ors ( !  calibre ( ,william (        
,malmsbury1 & ! almo/ inspir$ writ]  ( !
 ,foll[+ ( ,*ri/1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 &    
,pet] !  ,v5]able4    #fa    ,b ! s*ools

 ( ,europe1 not)/&+ ! examples &        
exhortations ( ^? illu/ri\s div9es1     
cont9u$ 9 _!  d[nw>d t5d5cy t[>d        
mat]ialism4 ,! introduction ( ,ea/]n    
books ( philosophy1 due to ! return$    
crusad]s1 ! ,arabic  symbolism & pret5d$
 magic ( "s ( ! ,spani% s*ools1  &1     
f9ally1 ! fall ( ,con/ant9ople & !      
disp]sion (  ,greek s*ol>s ov] ,europe3 
all _h _! peculi> & decid$  influ5ce on 
! mann]s & views ( ! g5]ations :i*      
imm$iately prec$$ ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4    
,sem9>ies _h  entirely disappe>$1 s t   
ecclesia/ical education c\ld only  be   
obta9$ 9 ! dissolute & noisy            
univ]sities1 & x  became ! fa%ion ) !   
dilettanti ( ! great cities  to ridicule
 & und]rate ! quiet tea*+s ( ! c\ntry   
mona/]ies4    ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 m9dful
 ( ! welf>e ( ! *ildr5 (  ! *ur*1 took !
 fir/ great /ep t[>d ! correction (  ^? 
abuses4 ,by its eighte5? *apt]1         
tw5ty-sev5? sessions1  x ree/abli%$ !   
sem9>ies 9 e diocese 9 ,*ri/5dom1  giv+ 
to ea* bi%op au?ority ov] ! pr(essors1 &

 mak+  ! exp5se ( educat+ ecclesia/ics a
 *>ge on ! fai?ful4  ,9 accordance ) ?is
 decree1 an unwont$ degree ( activity  0
 obs]vable 9 ,europe4 ,prov9cial c\ncils
 took /eps to  en=ce x 9 _! special     
localities2 sa9ts1 l ,*>les (           
,borromeo1 became *ampions ( g5u9e      
,*ri/ian education1 &  ! ,dom9icans1 !  
,franciscans1 & ! illu/ri\s ord] ( !    
,jesuits vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 _! devotion to 
its int]e/s1  & became ! inh]itors ( !  
glories ( ! monks ( ,sa9ts  ,b5$ict &   
,columbanus4    ,9 look+ back = fifte5  
c5turies1 & p]us+ ! long &  brilliant   
catalogue ( ^? holy tea*]s :o1 ?r\gh    
dang]1  degradation1 & defeat1 nev]     
all[$ _! m9ds to sw]ve f  ! ev5 t5or (  
_! way2 :o c>$ z t5d]ly = ! s\l  &      
intellect ( ! poor "y b>b>ian z = !     
nursl+ (  a palace2 :o despis$ dea?1 &  
brav$ alike ! fury ( !  savage & ! wra? 
( pr9ces1 t !y might w9 s\ls to ,god  & 
develop ! ,god-giv5 gift ( human g5ius2 
we are lo/ 9  a/oni%m5t at ! ignorance  
or m5dacity1 or bo?1 ( "s  mod]n writ]s 

:o unblu%+ly repeat & exagg]ate ! sl&]  
( ! po/-,re=mation writ]s aga9/ ! monks 
( ! middle  ages4 ,) a hi/ory l t ( !   
,*ri/ian ,s*ools &  ,s*ol>s be=e u1 s   
fruitful 9 incid5ts & s  sugge/ive (    
moral lessons1 we are equally at a loss 
to acc\nt  = ! t5acity ) :i* p1 o!rwise 
s5sible1 cl+ to  ! idea ( education     
divorc$ f moral in/ruction4 ,:atev]  is 
great 9 ! pa/1 p]sonally or nationally  
consid]$--:atev] 0 pure1 unselfi%1 &    
h]oic1 is due1 &  only due1 to !        
monk-tea*]s ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,!y 7  n 
only ! cu/odians ( ! books :i* we n[    
prize s mu*1  b !y 7 ! cons]vators (    
arts1 sci5ce1 & lit]ature1  & !         
orig9ators & discov]]s ( mo/ ( ! useful 
inv5tions :i* n[ adorn life & make m5 m 
civiliz$1 &  br+ !m ne>] to _! ,creator4
 ,!y 7 n only all ?is1  b !y 71 z       
soldi]s ( ! *ur*1 ! gu>dians (          
civilization itself1 & )\t !m ! d>kness 
t  en%r\d$ ! _w w\ld h be5 z p]petual z 
! causes  :i* produc$ x 7 active1 &1    
aga9/ any o!r p[]1  irresi/ible4        

--------    #fb              ,our ,lady4
                ,ancilla ,dom9i4        
,! ,cr[n ( creatures1 fir/ 9 place1     
,0 mo/ a creature2 is su* /ill3         
,naught1 naught by nature--all by       
grace--      ,! ,elect "o ( ! ,et]nal   
,w4      ,%e 0 a ,no?+ t 9 ,him      ,a 
creature's sole p]fection f\nd2    ,%e 0
 ! great ,rock's %ad[ dim2      ,%e 0 ! 
,sil5ce1 n ! ,s\nd4      ,%e 0 ! ,h& (  
,e>? =?held      ,9 adoration's         
self-less suit2    ,a hu%$ ,dep5d5ce1   
tranc$ & spell$1      ,/ill ye>n+ t[>d !
 ,absolute4      ,be=e ! ,p[] ,et]nal   
b[$      ,%e hung1 a s(t ,subjection    
mute1    ,z :5 a ra9b[ brea/s ! cl\d    
,t mi/s "s m\nta9 cat>act's foot4       
,%e 0 a sea-%ell f ! deep      ,(       
,god--h] function ?is alone--    ,( ,him
 to :isp]1 z 9 sleep1      ,9 ev]la/+   
und]tone4      ,?is h\r h] eyes on ,him 
are set3      ,& !y :o tread ! e>? %e   
trod    ,) ne>e/ he>t to h]s1 =get      
,!mselves 9 h]1 & h] 9 ,god4            
,,ii4             ,,mat] ,,filii4       

,he 0 no ,conqu]or1 borne abroad        
,on all ! fi]y w9ds ( fame1    ,t       
ov]/rides a _w o'eraw$      ,to write 9 
des]t s&s 8 "n4      ,no act triumphant1
 no conqu]+ bl[      ,r$eem$ mank9d f   
,satan's ?rall3    ,by suff]+ ,he       
prevail$1 t s      ,8 ,fa!r might be all
 9 all4    #fc      ,8 ,godhead1 veil$ f
 mortal eye1      ,%[$ =? t ,fa!r's     
,godhead /ill1    ,z calm seas mirror   
/>ry skies      ,because !mselves       
invisible4      ,?us ,m>y 9 ! ,son 0    
hid3      ,h] mo!rhood h] only boa/1    
,%e no?+ said1 %e no?+ did3      ,h]    
light 9 ,8 0 m]g$ & lo/4                
,,iii4        ,naz>e?2 or1 ,! ,hidd5    
,greatness        ,ev] be=e 8 eyes      
unseal$      ,! ,beatific ,vision /ood3 
,if ,god f h] t spl5dor veil$           
,a:ile1 9 ,him %e look$ on ,god4      ,!
 ,et]nal ,_s o'er !m hung      ,l air3 l
 leaves on ,ed5 trees    ,ar\nd !m      
?rill$ ! viewless ?rong      ,(         
ar*angelic ,hi]>*ies4      ,yet nei!r   
,he ,:o said ( yore1      ,let !re be   

light6 & all 0 ,day1    ,nor %e t1 /ill 
a creature1 wore      ,creation's ,cr[n1
 & we>s = aye1      ,to mortal insight  
wondr\s seem$3      ,! w&]] smote _!    
l[ly door1    ,p>took _! brok5 bread1 & 
deem$      ,! donors k9dly--no?+ m4     
,9 ,ed5 ?us t primal ,pair              
7,undimm$ z yet _! fir/ e/ate7    ,sat1 
side by side1 9 sil5t pray]--      ,_!  
fir/ ( sunsets front+1 sat4      ,& n[ !
 lion1 n[ ! p>d1      ,pi]c+ ! ,cassia  
b[]s1 drew nigh1    ,fix$ on ! ,pair a  
mute reg>d1      ,half-pleas$1          
half-vacant2 !n pass$ by4               
,aubrey ,de ,v]e4      ,fea/ ,( ,!      
,assumption1 #ahfg4    --------  #fd    
,our ,boy-,organi/4        ,:at ,he     
,saw1 ,& ,:at ,came ,( ,x4      ,h[ 0 x1
 doctor1 t y fir/ ?\ght ab\t x8         
,well1 ,i suppose ,i _h bett] tell y !  
:ole /ory4 ,x may  int]e/ y4 ,j tw5ty   
ye>s ago1 on a bright ,sunday morn+1  ,i
 0 hurry+ along ! road home to ,t9ton1  
hop+ to be 9  "t to he> ! s]mon at *ur*4
 ,my wat* told me t ,i %\ld  be too late

 = ! morn+ pray]4 ,happ5+ to look across
 !  fields1 ,i 0 surpris$ to see little 
,ally ,dutton1 our  boy-organi/1 runn+ v
 fa/ ov] ! mead[s1 leap+ !  f5ces at a  
b\nd1 & f9ally disappe> 9 ! woods4 ,:at 
c\ld possibly take our organi/ away dur+
 *ur* "t8  ,surely1 ?\ght ,i1 ! m9i/]   
mu/ be sick4 ,&1 be+ !  village doctor1 
,i hurri$ /ill fa/]4    ,b :at c\ld take
 our boy-organi/ 9 t out-(-!-way        
direction at su* an h\r1 & 9 su* ha/e8  
,is x mis*ief8 ,i  ask$ myself4 ,b ,i   
bani%$ t ?\ght imm$iately1 = ,ally  _h  
no su* reputation4 ,!re mu/ be some?+   
wrong1 h[ev]2  = he ran s fa/1 & ,ally  
is su* a quiet1 old-fa%ion$ lad4  ,!    
m9i/] is ill1 at any rate1 said ,i to   
myself1 or ,ally  w\ld n be abs5t4      
,contr>y to my expectations1 ,i f\nd !  
m9i/] prea*+ z usual4 ,i d n recollect  
any ?+ ( !  s]mon n[ except ! text4     
,rev4 ,mr4 ,billups1 our m9i/]1 _h a    
fa%ion ( repeat+ 8 texts v (t51         
sometimes v  appropriately1 & sometimes 
n4 ,x 0 ,pilate's "q to our  ,"l3 ,:at  

is tru?8 ,y w see1 aft] :at happ5$      
subsequ5tly1 t ,i _h ano!r reason =     
rememb]+ x  besides its frequ5t         
repetition4 ,! s]mon end$1 ! hymn 0     
sung1 b ! organ 0 sil5t4 ,! sil5ce seem$
 om9\s4 ,i  _c expla9 :y2 p]haps x 0 "o 
( ^? /range  pres5tim5ts ( disa/]1 b ,i 
fanci$ our boy-organi/ dead4 ,i  lov$   
,ally v mu*1 & my he>t sank )9 me z ,i  
look$ up  ?r\gh ! drawn *oir-curta9s1 & 
miss$ 8 slight little  =m1 p]*$ up z he 
0 wont to be1 on a pile ( books s z  to 
br+ 8 h&s on a level ) ! key-bo>d1      
troll+ =?  8 gay little volunt>y z !    
congregation disp]s$ aft]  s]vice4 ,i   
miss$ 8 voice 9 ! hymn1 too2 ^? cle>1   
r++ tones :i* 7 f> sweet] to me ?an any 
notes t  musical in/rum5t ev] brea!d4 ,i
 0 s fill$ ) ?is  pres5tim5t ( com+ evil
 t ,i did n d>e to ask any "o  ! cause (
 8 abs5ce4 ,pooh6 said ,i to myself1 !re
 is  no?+ 9 x4 ,i saw him b j n[ alive1 
& well en\gh1 if  ,i may judge f ! way  
he cle>$ ^? f5ces & !  swiftness ( 8    
foot/eps z he ran across ! mead[s4 ,i   

?\ght no m ( x until a mess5g] came two 
or ?ree days  aft]w>d to my (fice &     
said3    ,w y please1 doctor1 come d[n  
to ! wid[ ,button's8 ,ally  is sick4    
,i w come imm$iately1 said ,i to !      
mess5g]4 ,we %all  lose our boy-organi/1
 said ,i to myself4 ,& s we did2 b n  z 
y suppose4 ,ally became--b ,i mu/ n     
anticipate4    #fe    ,i f\nd our mu*   
lov$ boy-organi/ 9 a high fev]4 ,he has 
be5  con/antly rav+ all night1 said 8   
"m1 9 answ] to my  inquiries1 ab\t :at  
he has se54 ,!re has be5 some?+  prey+  
on 8 m9d lately1 %e cont9u$4 ,he has be5
 v sad  & n]v\s1 & ,i fe> x has help$ to
 make him ill4    ,9 a tone ( comm&1 :i*
 ,i f9d w (t5 elicit a direct  answ] f  
pati5ts ^: m9ds are w&]+1 ,i said to    
him3  ,ally1 answ] me directly1 sir2 :at
 did y see8    ,) 8 eyes /ill />+ at !  
ceil+ he answ]$ 9 a  wond]+ mann]1 ,god6
    ,i 0 sorely p]plex$ :at fur!r "q to 
ask1 b1  ?9k+ to lead him on gradually  
to "s m reasonable answ]1  z ,i ?\ght1  
,i ask$1 ,:]e8    ,! kneel+ p & ! prie/1

 he repli$ dreamily4 ,&  ,jesus said1   
,nei!r d ,i condemn !e4 ,& "h he bur/   
into  te>s4 ,!n ! remembrance ( ! la/   
,sunday morn+ came back  to my m9d1 & ,i
 knew :at _h tak5 ,ally across ! fields1
 &  :at he _h se54 ,he 0 s fa9t & weak1 
8 pulse flutt]$  s un/eadily1 t ,i fe>$ 
! wor/1 & ! anxi\s1  se>*+ look ( ! "m  
read my tell-tale c\nt5ance4 ,%e  began 
to weep viol5tly4    ,"m6 cri$ ,ally4   
,yes1 my *ild1 %e respond$ quickly1 &   
b5t ov] & kiss$  him4    ,don't cry1 "m4
 ,god w n let me die till ,i "k :at is  
true1 fir/4    ,t is a /range rem>k1    
?\ght ,i1 = a boy l him to  make4 ,:at c
 he mean8    ,my d>l+ ,ally1 said !     
wid[1 y d "k :at is true4 ,y  always say
 :at is true4    ,:y %\ld !y say x isn't
 true1 !n8 ask$ ,ally4    ,:at isn't    
true1 my de>8 ,god6 answ]$ ! boy1 turn+ 
8  eyes upw>d to ! ceil+ aga91 & look+1 
z x 71 at  "s object miles away1 & !    
kneel+ p1 & ! prie/4  ,x's true1 & no   
lie4 ,?is is my body1 ?is is my blood4  
,& he  jo9$ 8 hot & fev]i% little h&s   

toge!r z if 9  pray]4    ,don't tr\ble  
ab\t ?is1 said ,i to ! weep+ "m4 ,i "k  
:at x is4 ,he has be5 d[n to ,mike      
,maloney's1 9 ! ,brook  woods1 & se5 !  
,ca?olic ,mass4 ,don't ref] to x aga9 j 
n[4 ,i w give him "s compos+ m$ic9e4 ,b 
,i wi%1 ,i  add$1 t ?is _h n happ5$4 ,x 
only t5ds to weak5 him4    ,pres5tly ,i 
notic$ him play+ ) 8 f+]s on ! cov]let  
z if he 7 play+ ! organ4 ,i ?\ght to    
take advantage (  ?is1 & said3    ,ally1
 my boy1 get well soon1 n[1 & let u h a 
gr&  volunt>y on ! organ--"o ( y\r v    
be/4    ,= ,god1 = ,mass1 = ! kneel+ p &
 ! prie/1 he  murmur$4    ,oh6 nev] m9d 
! ,mass1 said ,i1 t's no?+ to y4        
,turn+ 8 eyes sudd5ly ^u8 me1 he cri$3  
,o doctor6 x seems ev]y?+ to me4 ,i nev]
 c =get x4 ,h[  c\ld anybody ev] =get !y
 _h se5 ,mass4 ,c\ld y8    ,t ,i c't    
say1 ,ally1 ,i repli$2 = ,i nev] saw x4 
,nev] saw x6 ,:y1 ,i've se51 x4    ,(t58
 ,i ask$4    ,well--,i saw x--"o        
,sunday1 anyway1 answ]$ ,ally1 )  ! air 
( "o :o _h nev] be5 any:]e else all 8   

life4    ,:at 0 x l1 ,ally de>8 ask$ !  
"m4    ,l heav51 "m1 if ! angels _h only
 be5 !re4    #ff    ,angels6 said ,i    
contemptu\sly4 ,pretty place to f9d     
angels1 9  ,mike ,maloney's %anty6 ,:y1 
x's l a /able4    ,aga9 ,ally's eyes w5t
 up to ! ceil+1 &1 :ile 8 f+]s  n]v\sly 
play$ an invisible organ on ! cov]let1  
he began to  s+1 s pla9tively & sadly t 
x q unmann$ me3      ,he came d[n to e>?
 f heav51      ,:o is ,god & ,"l ( all1 
,& 8 %elt] 0 a /able1      ,& 8 cradle 0
 a /all4    ,) ! poor1 & mean1 & l[ly1  
,liv$ on e>? our ,savi\r holy4    ,!    
wid[ & ,i /ood wat*+ & li/5+ long aft]  
he _h  ceas$ s++4 ,9 a few mom5ts a     
lucid int]val occurr$1 &1  notic+ me1 he
 said3    ,doctor1 :y c't we h ,mass 9  
our *ur*8 ,oh6 w\ldn't ,i  l to play !  
organ = x always till ,i di$6    ,we    
c\ldn't h ,mass1 ,ally1 ,i repli$1      
because x is only  ,ca?olic prie/s :o c 
say ,mass4    ,is x8 ,i "k ,i'd l to    
play ! organ =ev] & ev] =  ! ,mass2 b   
,i'd r be a prie/4 ,oh6 a ?\s&1 ?\s&    

times r6 ,& 8 pale1 sad face light$ up )
 an  une>?ly gl[4    ,see+ ,i c\ld n    
div]t 8 m9d f ! subject1 & fe>+  to     
cont9ue a conv]sation :i* excit$ him s  
mu*1 ,i quietly  gave directions to 8   
"m1 & left4 ,i _h little hopes (        
,ally's recov]y1 b 8 words made a deep  
impression on my m9d3  ,god w n let me  
die till ,i "k :at is true1 fir/4  ,:at 
tru? c he mean8 ?\ght ,i4 ,c he h imag9$
 he  does n "k ! true religion8 ,:at c h
 made him ?9k  t our ,episcopal ,*ur* is
 n true8 ,:at /range fancies w  get into
 "s *ildr5's heads6 ,i %\ld be sorry to 
lose ,ally1  b ,i'd r see him die1 ,i   
?9k1 ?an gr[ up to be a ,roman          
,ca?olic4 ,ugh6 & a prie/ too1 p]haps1  
:o kn[s8 ,god =bid6  ,revolv+ ^!        
disagreeable ?\ghts 9 my head z ,i w5t  
d[n  ! /reet1 ,i met ,mr4 ,billups1 our 
m9i/]4 ,we %ook h&s1 or  r ,i %ook ,mr4 
,billups's h& :ile he %ook 8 head1 a    
mann] ( 8 t gave him a g5]al d\bt+ air1 
some:at  puzzl+ to /rang]s4    ,mr4     
,billups1 said ,i1 d y "k t ,ally       

,button is ill8    ,no1 ,i did n he> x1 
he repli$1 emphasiz+ ! ^w  did1 z mu* z 
to say1 ,b ,i he> x n[4 ,al?\gh !       
negative accompanim5t ) 8 head w\ld seem
 to imply t he  did n q believe x4      
,yes1 & v ill too1 ,i add$4 ,if 8 m9d   
becomes calm]  ?an x is1 ,i ?9k x might 
d good j to drop 9 & see him4  ,i fe> he
 has be5 "u "s bad influ5ces lately4    
,y a/oni% me1 n to say grieve me1 rejo9$
 ,mr4 ,billups4  ,ally 0 always a good1 
pi\s boy1 & "o ( our head boys1 z  y are
 aw>e1 9 ! ,sunday-s*ool4    ,i mean1   
said ,i1 t he has be5 read+ or he>+     
some?+  ab\t ,ca?olics & _! ,mass1 & o!r
 ?+s2 & x really  has made a deep       
impression on 8 m9d1 :i* ought to be    
effac$2 t is1 ,i add$1 9 case he        
recov]s1 :i* ,i fe> is  d\btful4    ,(  
c\rse1 ( c\rse1 :i* ought to be effac$1 
repeat$ he4  ,n a d\bt ( x4 ,i rememb]1 
n[1 ,mrs4 ,:ite1 8  ,sunday-s*ool tea*]1
 tell+ me t he _h ask$ h] 9 class  :at !
 six? *apt] ( ,/4 ,john meant4 ,i hope  
he has n be5  read+ t *apt] ( ! ,bible  

too att5tively1 = x  is calculat$1 ,i am
 sorry to say1 to make a deep1 v deep1 n
  to say1 9 reg>d to ! popi% ,mass      
doctr9e1 a mo/ al>m+  impression ^u !   
m9d1 especially ( a boy l ,ally4    #fg 
,well1 if y see him1 said ,i1 n mu*     
reli%+ ?is op9ion  ab\t ! ,bible be+ 9  
favor ( ,ca?olic doctr9es1 y c  manage  
to br+ ! subject up1 & easily expla9 its
 true  mean+ to him4    ,yes1 oh6 yes6  
easily expla9 its true mean+ to him1    
aga9  repeat$ ,mr4 ,billups aft] me1 yet
 look+ r puzzl$1 z ,i  ?\ght1 & d\btful 
( success2 b p]haps x 0 only 8  mann] t 
gave me t impression4 ,w\ld to-morr[1   
?9k y1  d1 doctor8 he cont9u$1 aft] a   
pause1 ,i am q busy1 j  n[4    ,bett]1  
,i repli$1 mu* bett]2 ,ally is v l[ at  
?is  mom5t4 ,i d n "k :at made me say x1
 b ,ally's words came  sudd5ly to my m9d
 aga91 & ,i add$ confid5tly3 ,he w n    
die j yet4 ,he w surely be bett]        
to-morr[4    ,i bade ,mr4 ,billups      
good-morn+1 n at all satisfi$4 ,! six?  
*apt] ( ,/4 ,john6 ! six? *apt] ( ,/4   

,john6 ,i w5t on  repeat+ to myself4    
,/range6 ,i h nev] read t *apt] )  any  
?\ght ( ! doctr9e ( ,ca?olics4 ,& yet1  
to judge f  :at ! m9i/] said1 x might   
tr\ble ! m9d1 ev5 ( a  *ild4 ,z ,i wait$
 9 ! p>lor ( a sick lady :om ,i w5t to  
visit be=e return+ home1 ,i c\ld n      
refra9 f turn+  ov] ! leaves ( a l>ge   
family ,bible on ! c5tre-table1 &  f9d+ 
! *apt] 9 "q4 ,i _h n "t1 h[ev]1 to read
  _m v]ses be=e ,i 0 summon$ to !       
sick-*amb]4 ,att5tion  to my pr(essional
 duties drove ! subject f my m9d dur+  !
 re/ ( ! day1 & ,i retir$ to re/        
consid]ably exhau/$  & fatigu$4    ,n[ =
 a good sleep1 said ,i to myself1 & a   
quick "o1 = ,i  %\ldn't wond] if ,i 7   
call$ up to ,ally aga9 be=e  morn+4 ,b  
,i c\ld n sleep4 ,toss+ to & fro 9 ! b$1
 ,i  began to "q myself ab\t ! cause (  
my sleeplessness2 ,i  soon f\nd x4 ,!   
?\ght ( ,ally _h reviv$ ! memory ( t    
six? *apt] ( ,/4 ,john4 ,well1 said ,i1 
,i w remove !  cause by j gett+ up &    
read+ x1 & !re w be an end  ( x4 ,!n ,i 

%all sleep4 ,s ,i rose & lit my lamp1   
got out my  ,bible1 & !re1 half-dress$1 
read ! tr\blesome *apt]4 ,z  ,i reflect$
 ^u :at ,i 0 do+1 ,i felt m l a ?ief1 a 
midnight robb]1 or "s design+ villa9    
lay+ plans =  murd] or h\sebreak+1 ?an z
 an hone/ ,*ri/ian read+ 8  ,bible2 = 0 
,i n all[+ myself to d :at 0 calculat$  
to  make a deep1 n to say an al>m+      
impression on my m9d1 t  ! ,ca?olic     
religion 0 true1 & ! ,prote/ant religion
  false8    ,n[1 )\t vanity ,i say x1   
few p "k _! ,bibles bett]  ?an ,i did1  
&1 al?\gh ,i mu/ h read t id5tical *apt]
  _m times1 x seem$ to me t ,i _h nev]  
read x be=e4 ,i  ?ank ,god = t midnight 
p]usal ( my ,bible4    ,"o ?+ ,i !n &   
!re det]m9$1 = private reasons ( my     
own1 :i* 01 to be on h& at ,mrs4        
,button's :5 ! m9i/]  call$2 & !re ,i 04
 ,ally 0 a good deal bett] &  bright]4  
,aft] "s commonplace rem>ks1 ,mr4       
,billups said to  ,ally3    ,y are fond 
( read+ y\r ,bible1 are y n1 my de>     
*ild2  & w\ld y n l me to read a little 

( ! ,^w to y8    ,oh6 yes1 sir1 answ]$ !
 boy eag]ly4    ,i w read = y1 !n1      
cont9u$ ,mr4 ,billups1 produc+ a  ,bible
 f 8 pocket1 a mo/ beautiful &          
in/ructive passage  f ,/4 ,john's       
gospel1 comm5c+ at ! six? *apt]4  #fh   
,he said ?is 9 su* a *ur*-read+ tone t  
,mrs4 ,dutton  in/9ctively respond$ z f>
 z ,glory be--b1 discov]+  h] mi/ake1   
cov]$ x up ) a v l\d c\gh4 ,mr4 ,billups
  read ! *apt]1 b q diff]5tly f ! mann] 
9 :i*  ,i _h read x2 sl[ly & di/9ctly   
:]e ,i _h read r  quickly1 t is1 f !    
beg9n+ to ! fiftie? v]se2 &  quickly :]e
 ,i _h read sl[ly1 f t v]se to ! end4   
,t's v beautiful1 & v /range1 said ,ally
 p5sively1  z ! m9i/] paus$ at ! end ( !
 *apt]4 ,b1 ,mr4  ,billups1 is x all    
true8    ,! ,bible1 my de> ,ally ought  
to "k1 is all true1 repli$ ,mr4         
,billups4    ,& did ,jesus give 8 fle% &
 blood1 z he said he w\ld8  ask$ ,ally4 
,yes1 my *ild1 answ]$ ,mr4 ,billups1 he 
c]ta9ly made all 8  promises good4    ,i
 wi% ,i knew :]e1 said ,ally inquir+ly4 

,i ask$ ,mrs4  ,:ite1 & %e said %e      
didn't "k1 & t ,i ask$ too _m  que/ions4
    ,:5 he di$ on ! cross1 & %$ 8 blood 
= our  salvation1 said ! m9i/] solemnly1
 clos+ ! ,bible1 &  look+ at me z if he 
w\ld say3 ,!re's an end ( ! :ole  matt]3
 y see h[ easily ,i h expla9$ x to him4 
,ally did  n1 h[ev]1 seem s easily      
satisfi$4    ,b :]e c we get x to eat & 
dr9k8 ask$ he4 ,jesus said  we mu/ eat &
 dr9k x4    ,mr4 ,billups aga9 glanc$ at
 me ) a look :i* ,i int]pret$  to mean1 
,i fe> he has be5 read+ ?is too         
att5tively1 & !n said3    ,y p>take ( x 
by fai?1 my *ild1 b y d n really eat  x4
    ,i mu/ believe ,i eat x1 & don't eat
 x aft] all1  said ,ally explanatorily4 
,yes--no--n precisely1 repli$ ,mr4      
,billups1 ) "s  confusion ( mann]1 &    
c\gh+ two or ?ree %ort little  c\ghs 9 8
 h&4 ,we eat ! communion bread1 & dr9k !
  communion w9e1 & !n we believe we     
p>take1 by fai?1 ( !  body & blood ( !  
,savi\r4    ,b1 !n1 ask$ ,ally1 pu%+ !  
difficulty1 don't we eat  & dr9k :at we 

believe we eat & dr9k8    ,h'm1 h'm1    
c\gh$ ! m9i/]1 %ift+ uneasily 9 8 seat4 
,we believe--we ?9k--9 %ort1 z ,i 0 ab\t
 to rem>k1 we  h fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z  
our bless$ ,savi\r4    ,b don't eat 8   
fle% nor dr9k 8 blood8 add$ ,ally4    ,n
 at all1 n at all1 repli$ ,mr4 ,billups 
decid$ly4    ,!n ,i c't see :at ! ,bible
 means1 said ,ally1 scrat*+  8 head 9 a 
disappo9t$ mann]3 ,except ye eat ! fle% 
(  ! ,son ( ,man1 & dr9k 8 blood1 ye _c 
h life 9 y4    ,my de>1 de-ar *ild1 cri$
 ,mr4 ,billups1 q di/ract$ly1  :at c y h
 be5 read+ to put ?is 9 y\r head8       
,only ! ,bible1 sir1 repli$ ,ally       
simply1 :at y h read  j n[1 sir1 & !    
/ory ( ! ,la/ ,supp]2 & ,i he>d  ,pompey
 ,simpson say x 0 all true4    ,pompey  
,simpson1 return$ ,mr4 ,billups1 is a   
negro1 & ,i am  sorry1 he cont9u$1 turn+
 to me1 ,i %\ld say bo? griev$  & %ock$1
 to add1 doctor1 "o ( ^? misguid$ be+s  
grop+ 9 ! d>kness ( ,roman idolatry1 ^: 
numb]s are  increas+ to an al>m+ ext5t 9
 our c\ntry4 ,h no?+ to  d ) ,pompey    

,simpson1 my de>1 aga9 address+ ,ally1  
or :o  kn[s y might be l$ away to become
 a ,romani/8  #fi  ,an ev5t :i* ,mr4    
,billups's head intimat$ at t mom5t to  
be  too deplorable to be express$4 ,yes1
 "o ( ^? emiss>ies (  giant ,pope1      
describ$ s tru?fully 9 ,bunyan's        
,pilgrim's  ,progress1 z y rememb]4 ,d n
 g ne> !m1 ,ally1 = my  sake1 = y\r "m's
 sake1 = ! sake ( ! *ur* ( y\r  baptism1
 or !y w make y l unto !m1 an idolatr\s 
wor%ipp] ( ! ho/2 :i*1 z y h nev] se5 x1
 ,i w  tell y1 is only a piece ( bread4 
,y see :at ignorant1  delud$ p ^!       
,ca?olics mu/ be4 ,j to ?9k ( x--to     
wor%ip a piece ( bread6    ,b ! ,ca?olic
 is ! old *ur* & ! fir/ "o1 ,pompey     
said1 rejo9$ ,ally1 & ! old *ur* ought  
to "k4 ,besides1  ,i--,i--saw x myself4 
,saw x y\rself6 exclaim$ ,mr4 ,billups1 
8 hair fairly  /&+ upright ) horror4 ,my
 organi/ d>e to ent] a popi%            
,mass-h\se6 ,& he fr[n$ v sev]ely at !  
wid[4    ,x 0 only ,mike ,maloney's1    
said ,ally deprecat+ly4 ,& !  prie/ 9 8 

beautiful robes1 & ! p all kneel+       
ar\nd1 didn't look mi/ak51 sir2 & ,i    
felt s sure t ,god  0 !re1 cont9u$      
,ally1 trembl+1 t ,i'm all ! "t  ?9k+   
ab\t x4 ,someh[ ,i c't drive x out ( my 
m9d4    ,y\r son1 madam1 said ! m9i/]1  
turn+ to ,ally's "m1  mu/ drive ?is out 
( 8 m9d4 ,x w\ld be a fe>ful  calamity1 
madam1 to h a *ild :om y h re>$1 &1 ,i  
may  add 9 behalf ( ! ve/ry ( our *ur*1 
an organi/1 ^:  sal>y we h paid1 fall   
into ! toils ( ! man ( s94 ,x  w\ld be  
well to curb ! inquir+ m9d ( y\r son1   
madam1 &  re/ra9 8 w&]+ foot/eps2       
because1 if he is p]mitt$ to  wor%ip at 
a =eign alt>1 he c no long] ex]cise !   
position (--9 %ort--p]=m on ! organ (   
our *ur*4  ,good-morn+4 ,& he rose      
abruptly1 & left ! h\se4    ,all ?is    
nettl$ me4 ,i _h hop$ he c\ld easily    
expla9 !  d\bts 9 ! boy's m9d1 n to     
m5tion my own1 & x  exasp]at$ me to see 
him h rec\rse to su* base means to      
sil5ce ^! d\bts1 in/ead ( us+ k9dly     
,*ri/ian c\nsel  & tea*+4 ,to deprive   

,ally ( 8 situation1 & ! wid[ (  !      
support :i* 8 sal>y gave1 w\ld be1 ,i   
knew1 to inflict a  heavy loss ^u !m4   
,unwill+ to dep>t & leave ! wid[ &  son 
)\t "s com=t1 & yet n kn[+ :at to say1  
,i w5t  to ! w9d[ & look$ out1 flatt5+  
my nose aga9/ !  glass 9 a mo/          
uncom=table /ate ( m9d1 & pres5t+ a     
spectacle to ! pass]s-by :i* mu/ h      
impress$ !m )  ! conviction ( my be+    
subject to tempor>y fits (  d]angem5t4  
,z ,i /ood !re1 ,i he>d ,ally say to 8  
"m3    ,don't cry1 "m4 ,i won't be a    
,ca?olic if x isn't true4 ,b  x's bett] 
to "k :at's true ?an to play ! organ or 
get any  sal>y1 if x's ev] s big4 ,isn't
 x1 "m8    ,i ass5t$ to ?is s5tim5t s   
/rongly ) my head t ,i  ne>ly put my    
nose ?r\gh ! w9d[-pane1 an action t     
elicit$ a /rong />e = my suppos$        
impud5ce f ! two  ,misses ,/ocksup1     
daught]s ( ! ,honorable ,wa%+ton        
,/ocksup1  :o happ5$ to be pass+ ! h\se 
at t mom5t4    ,s x is1 my de>1 answ]$ !
 wid[4 ,b ,i'm afraid1 my  d>l+1 y are  

only fancy+ some?+ to be true t is n    
true4    ,doctor6 cri$ ,ally1 appeal+ to
 me1 isn't x true8 ,oh6 x  mu/ be true6 
#gj    ,i c't say ,i believe x is1 ,i   
repli$1 b ,i'm v mu*  afraid x is4      
,afraid6 exclaim$ ,ally1 :at makes y    
afraid8    ,poor ,ally6 ,he c\ld little 
compreh5d h[ mu* x w\ld co/ him  or me  
to say we believ$ x to be true4 ,excus+ 
myself ) all  sorts ( bungl+ rem>ks1 ,i 
left ! h\se1 my m9d torn by _m          
conflict+ d\bts & emotions4 ,ally sl[ly1
 v sl[ly  recov]$4 ,9 ! mean "t a new   
organi/1 a poor man ) a  dreadful a/hma1
 z ,i recollect1 _h tak5 8 place4       
,depriv$ (  ! aid :i* 8 sal>y af=d$ !m1 
! wid[ & ,ally f\nd  x h>d to live4     
,! m9i/]1 x seems1 relat$ to 8 wife :at 
_h tak5 place  at ,ally's sick-b$1 & x  
soon got bruit$ ab\t t bo? ,ally  & 8 "m
 7 go+ to turn ,ca?olics4 ,!y soon left 
!  village1 & ,i did n he> ( !m until   
sev]al ye>s aft]4 ,z  = myself1 x 0 n   
long be=e ,i took ,ally's way across !  
fields to ,mike ,maloney's %anty1 & n[ y

 "k h[ ,i fir/  came to ?9k ab\t x4     
,:at became ( ,ally8    ,well1 ,i'll    
tell y4 ,"o day ,i happ5$ to be 9 ! city
 (  ,new>k4 ,x 0 ! fe/ival ( ,corpus    
,*ri/i1 & cr[ds 7  flock+ to ,/4        
,patrick's ca!dral to assi/ at ! gr&    
c]emonies t 7 to take place4 ,at !      
gospel ! prea*]  asc5d$ ! pulpit1 & :at 
0 my surprise to recognize 9 !  p]son ( 
! y\?ful prie/ my de> boy-organi/1 ,ally
 ,dutton4  ,he took = 8 text ^! words1  
,?is is my body1 ?is is my  blood1 &    
prea*$ a p[]ful & eloqu5t s]mon4 ,aft] !
  s]vices 7 conclud$ ,i w5t to !        
presbyt]y to call ^u  him1 b he did n   
recognize me2 s ,i said3    ,all[ me1   
rev]5d sir1 to ?ank y = y\r beautiful   
s]mon4  ,?is doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce   
:i* y ,ca?olics hold is a  wond]ful & a 
v consol+ doctr9e2 & :at is m1 ,i  am r 
afraid x is true4    ,afraid6 answ]$    
,ally1 smil+4 ,t rem9ds me ( a de> old  
fri5d ( m9e :o once said ! same ?+1 b he
 0 n long  ov]com+ 8 fe>s4    ,& ! de>  
old fri5d is sorry n[1 add$ ,i1 look+ at

 him  closely1 t x 0 ev5 s long z x 04  
,doctor6    ,ally6    ,z ,i knelt to    
crave ! bless+ ( our quondam            
boy-organi/1 n[  a prie/ ( ! holy       
,ca?olic *ur*1 he caught me 9 8 arms  & 
fold$ me 9 a w>m embrace4    ------  #ga
      ,translat$ f les ,etudes          
,religieuses1 etc41 etc4                
,! ,m>tyrs ( ,gorcum4                   
,i4    ,we he> x sometimes ask$1 ,:y    
does ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* h s  _m           
canonizations1 jubilees1 & religi\s     
displays8 ,we pity  ^? :o speak 9 ?is   
way1 = !y d n seem to und]/&  ! de/9y ( 
! *ur*4 ,if ! *ur*1 connect$ z %e is  ) 
! advance ( ! human race1 has h] int]e/s
 to look  aft] 9 ! revolutions :i*      
agitate ! _w2 if1 9 ord] to  def5d h]   
rights :i* are attack$ or are n         
recogniz$1 %e  is oblig$ occasionally to
 int]f]e 9 ! /ruggles :i* arise  betwe5 
m51 ?is is b "o aspect ( h] hi/ory1 ?\gh
 x  seems to be ! only "o :i* impresses 
sup]ficial &  un?9k+ m9ds4 ,at ! same "t
 t %e %[s ?is ext]ior  action (         

ca?olicity1 !re is wr\ght 9 h] he>t a   
my/]i\s  "w1 :i* reveals ! div9e        
illum9ations ( ! fai?4 ,x is  an        
admirable ex*ange1 a div9e int]c\rse    
betwe5 heav5 &  e>?--! _w (f]+ to heav5 
its supplications1 its  atonem5ts1 !    
h]oic virtues ( its sa9ts1 & ! m]its (  
its m>tyrs2 heav5 be/[+ ^u ! _w its aid 
= !  combat1 its abundant graces1 ! se$s
 ( sanctity4 ,at c]ta9  ev5tful p]iods1 
:5 great] p]ils call =? m g5]\s         
sacrifices & m e>ne/ appeals to heav51 !
 my/]y (  ?is inw>d life ( ! *ur* %9es  
=? 9 m>vell\s ev5ts1  :i* ov]turn all   
preconceiv$ human op9ion1 & conf\nd !   
wisdom ( ! _w4 ,we see1 !n1 a ?rone1 :i*
 rema9s firm  )\t any app>5t support1 & 
on ?is ?rone an old1 helpless  man1 :o  
holds all ! p[]s ( revolution 9 *eck2 we
 see a  society1 aga9/ :i* are un*a9$   
all an>*ical passions1  face ! /orm :i* 
?reat5s to ov]:elm x1 proclaim its      
proscrib$ doctr9es )\t fe>1 lead nations
 :i* _h  w&]$ into ! pa?s ( naturalism  
back to ! fold ( !  *ur*1 & ma9ta9 its  

indep5d5ce aga9/ ! coalition (          
tyrannies4    ,has a pontificate ev] %[n
 ?is div9e spectacle ( !  /ruggle (     
spiritual =ces ) ! p[]s ( mat]ialism    
bett] ?an t ( ,pius ,,ix48 ,to !        
increas+ oppression (  vice ! pope does 
n cease to oppose ! miracles ( virtue & 
! fruits ( grace :i* di/+ui% ! elect (  
,god4 ,to !  insol5t cries ( error he   
replies by ! calm affirmation (  et]nal 
tru?4 ,! assaults ( impiety he resi/s   
only by !  pray]s ( pure s\ls1 by !     
int]cession ( ^? sa9ts to  :om he has   
grant$ ! honors ( v5]ation1 & by ! aid (
  ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ^: conception he has
 proclaim$  immaculate4 ,s1 :5 a voice1 
di/urb+ ! h>mony ( our love  &          
gratitude1 0 lately he>d to ask !       
ill-tim$ "q1  ,:y s _m sa9ts8 :at 0 !   
reply ( ! pontiff1  9 :om 8 fai?ful     
*ildr5 v5]ate ! wise man ( !  gospel1   
draw+ f 8 treasure 9 opportune "t ! old 
good  & ! new8 ,!y reproa* me1 said he1 
) 8 accu/om$  sweetness1 = mak+ too _m  
sa9ts1 b ,i _c promise to  correct ?is  

fault4 ,h we n m ne$ ?an ev] (          
int]cessors 9 heav51 & models ( religi\s
 virtue 9 !  _w8    #gb    ,9 #aheb1 a  
di/+ui%$ prelate1 :o has s9ce ent]$ into
 !  repose ( ! ,"l1 ,mgr4 de ,sal9is1   
po9t$ out to ! fai?ful  ( ! diocese (   
,ami5s1 9 ann\nc+ a jubilee1 !          
sup]natural "* :i* di/+ui%es ! acts (   
,pius ,,ix4  ,y d n ask1 he wrote1 !    
reason ( ! munific5ce :i*  lavi%es ^u y 
favors :i* at o!r times g =? b r>ely  f 
! treasure ( ! *ur*4 ,x suffices = u to 
"k t  ! ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/ receives   
light f above :i* is  giv5 only to him4 
,he :o holds ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav5  c
 alone tell ! "t :5 x is good to spread 
ov] ! e>?  ! waves ( div9e m]cy4 ,he :o 
directs ! b>k ( ! *ur*  ?r\gh ! /orms ( 
?is _w c "q ! w9ds1 &  discov] 9 !      
horizon ! signs :i* w>n him to urge on !
  j\rney ( ! %ip4 ,he :o is ! common    
fa!r ( all  ,*ri/ians alone kn[s ! ne$s 
( 8 imm5se family4 ,8  glance1 :i*      
wat*es ov] e place t ! sun %9es  ^u--8  
solicitude1 :i* embraces all evil & all 

virtue--8  he>t1 :i* feels all ! sorr[s 
( ! ,sp\se ( ,*ri/--8  pray]s1 9 :i* are
 summ$ up all ! pray]s ( ! *ur*1  !     
p>ticul> inspiration :i* ,god res]ves = 
him :o holds  8 place on e>?--all ^!    
reveal to him1 s f> z is  necess>y1 !   
proportion :i* %\ld exi/ betwe5 grace & 
mis]y4 ,footnote #i        ,footnote #i3
 ,*>ges1 ,pa/oral ,in/ructions1 & ,v>i\s
      ,disc\rses ( ,mgr4 de ,sal9is4    
,p>is1 ,vaton4 #ahef4    ,?is is ! reply
 t %\ld be made to ^! petite  gnies :o  
presume to criticise ! holy see1 & put !
  c\nsels ( _! mean diplomacy 9 ! place 
( ! inspirations  ( ,god4 ,d ^! m51 ^:  
m9ds are s enlight5$1 n see  t !y are 9 
! pres5ce ( an adm9i/ration (           
sup]natural p[]8 ,d !y n suspect ! /r5g?
 ( !  *ur* militant rang$ ab\t its *ief1
 & pray+ ) him =  ! assi/ance ( ! *ur*  
triumphant8 ,d !y n witness !  pi\s     
eag]ness ( ! p to v5]ate1 to invoke1 &  
to  imitate ! new patrons :i* are giv5  
!m8    ,! eyes ( all ! ob$i5t *ildr5 ( !
 *ur* are n[  turn$ t[>d ,rome4 ,!      

,ca?olic _w1 9 a rapture ( fai? &       
piety1 is unit$ to ! pilgrims ( ! holy  
city1 to !  bi%ops1 & to ! bi%op (      
bi%ops1 celebrat+ ! triumph (  ,pet]1   
always liv+ & reign+ 9 8 successor1     
applaud+  ! glory ( ! legion ( ! bless$1
 t ! *ur*es (  ,pol&1 ( ,spa91 ( !      
,ne!rl&s1 ( ,italy1 ( ,france1 & (      
,japan h giv5 to ! *ur* ( ,rome1 _!     
common "m1 &  to ! *ur* ( heav51 ! la/+ 
city ( ! elect4    ,we %\ld h lik$1 if  
our space & "t all[$1 to say  some?+ ( !
 _m beautiful subjects t ?is happy "t   
sugge/s2 ! com+1 ! episcopate1 & !      
m>tyrdom ( ,/4  ,pet] at ,rome1 ! lives 
& virtues ( ! sa9ts propos$ =  our      
v5]ation4 ,we %\ld h tak5 pleasure 9    
retrac+ !  sweet picture ( t humble *ild
 ( ! p :o repres5ts  ,france 9 ?is      
illu/ri\s gr\p ( ! ,bless$2 ( t little  
%eph]dess ( ,pibrac1 ^: "n w h5ce=? be  
popul> 9  ! fa!rl& ( ,g5evieve & ,joan (
 ,arc4 ,footnote #aj ,b  :o among u has 
n he>d ( ,g]ma9e ,c\s91 h] poor &       
suff]+ life1 h] angelic virtues1 !      

m>vell\s favors due to  h] int]cession8 
,& :o c add to ! glory ( ?is "y  sa9t1  
:o1 9 addition to ! honor ( be+ plac$ ^u
 our  alt>s1 has _h su* a hi/orian z ,m4
 ,l\is ,veuillot & su* a  panegyri/ z ! 
,bi%op ( ,poiti]s8        ,footnote #aj3
 ,vie1 ,v]tus et ,miracles de la ,b4    
,g]ma9e      ,c\s91 b]gre4 ,p> ,m4 ,l\is
 ,veuillot4 ,p>is1 ,palm4 ,o,euvres     
de ,m4 l',eveque de ,poiti]s1 t4 ii4 p4 
#aji4    #gc    ,we propose1 !n1 to     
foll[ ^? sa9ts :o are at pres5t less    
kn[n among u1 b :i* 9 ! future mu/ n be 
/rang]s4 ,x  is a page 9 ! hi/ory ( !   
*ur* :i* %\ld be made  prom95t1 & 9     
devot+ our "t to x we are sure (  obta9+
 ! approbation ( him :om ,god has giv5 u
 to be at  once our ,fa!r & our ,ma/]4  
,,ii4    ,we are aw>e t ev5 ! "n ( !    
m>tyrs ( ,gorcum 0  until rec5tly q     
unkn[n to ! great] "p ( ! le>n$4  ,mod]n
 hi/orians are n accu/om$ to eulogize ! 
m]its (  ! victims ( s*ism & h]esy4 ,b !
 *ur* nev] =gets  h] *ildr5 :o h p]i%$ 9
 ! cause ( ,god2 & ,god  himself takes  

c>e ( 8 s]vants by multiply+ miracles   
ov]  _! tombs4 ,^! n9ete5 m>tyrs (      
,gorcum1 :o suff]$ =  ! fai? on ! #i? ( 
,july1 #aegb1 7 plac$ 9 ! ranks (  !    
bless$ by ,clem5t ,x4 9 #afge1 & s9ce t 
"t !y h  always be5 held 9 ! greate/    
v5]ation 9 ,belgium &  ,holl&4 ,x is n[ 
almo/ ?ree ye>s s9ce our ,holy ,fa!r1   
yield+ to "o ( ^? inspirations ( :i* 8  
life is full1  felt ! desire t ! supreme
 honors ( ! *ur* %\ld be  paid to ^!    
noble *ampions ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 & ,janu>y
 #f?1  #ahfe1 ! day ( ! ,epiphany1 8    
hol9ess caus$ a decree to be  read 9 8  
pres5ce1 ord]+ ! proce$+s to be in/itut$
  = _! solemn canonization4 ,! preamble 
( ! decree  des]ves notice1 x says3     
,born ( ! blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ &  n\ri%$
 ) ! blood ( m>tyrs1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* w 
be  expos$ to bloody p]secutions until !
 end ( ! _w4 ,& x  is n )\t a m>vell\s  
design ( div9e ,provid5ce t !  cause (  
^! illu/ri\s victims ( ! ,calv9i/ic     
h]esy (  ! sixte5? c5tury is tak5 up &  
complet$ 9 ^! unhappy  days1 :5 h]etics 

& false bro!rs are recomm5c+ a w>1 an   
implacable w>1 aga9/ ,jesus ,*ri/1 aga9/
 8 holy *ur*1  & aga9/ ?is holy apo/olic
 see4 ,! ,holy ,fa!r express$  ! same   
?\ght 9 a disc\rse :i* foll[$ !         
promulgation  ( ! decree4 ,! ,mo/ ,high1
 said he1 has res]v$ = ?is  "t !        
glorification ( ^! ,holl& m>tyrs1 to    
prove to our  c5tury1 full ( scorn or   
indiff]5ce = ! reveal$ fai? &  plung$ 9 
! grosse/ mat]ialism1 t ! memory ( !    
m>tyr is nev] =gott5 9 ! *ur* ( ,jesus  
,*ri/1 t  !re are always m5 ready to %$ 
_! blood = t fai?1  & a supreme au?ority
 :i* is always ready to recognize _!    
m]its4    ,! object ( ! sov]eign pontiff
 is n unc]ta92 x is to  call ! att5tion 
( ! _w to ! fact ( ! cont9ual  recurr5ce
 ( m>tyrs 9 ! *ur*2 to cite ^! h]oes1 :o
  h seal$ ! fai? ) _! blood1 z an       
example & a  witness2 su* has be5 !     
special aim 9 canoniz+ ! m>tyrs  (      
,gorcum4 ,f> be x f ! holy *ur* to /ifle
 ! voice (  blood :i* has fl[$ f ! ve9s 
( h] *ildr5 =  n9ete5 c5turies6 ,?is    

blood1 %$ 9 e l& f ! mo/  b>b>\s to !   
mo/ cultivat$1 be>s witness ev]y:]e t  !
 "m ( m>tyrs is also ! fai?ful sp\se (  
,jesus  ,*ri/4  #gd  ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*  
is peculi>ly a witness1 :ile !  sects   
ab\t u are f\nd$ on negation & d\bt4    
,our bless$  ,"l 0 ! fir/ witness1 & !  
tru? ( 8 te/imony he has  seal$ on !    
cross & 9 8 cruel passion2 ! apo/les 7  
witnesses to him :o _h s5t !m & !       
doctr9e !y 7  bidd5 to tea*2 !y h gone  
to give _! te/imony to !  ,good ,ma/]2 &
 n[ _! fai? & pray]s su/a9 _!  *ildr5   
ev5 to ! extremities ( ! e>?1 mak+ !m   
gladly  *oose to die soon] ?an d5y t    
fai? :i* co/ ! ,son (  ,god 8 life4 ,?is
 illu/ri\s te/imony ( blood has nev]    
ceas$ f ! day ( ,calv>y up to ! pres5t  
n9ete5?  c5tury2 ! succession ( m>tyrs  
is l ! *ur* h]self1  = x kn[s no limits 
( "t or space2 !y are dy+ today 9       
,co*9-,*9a & ,corea1 z !y h di$ 9 ,japan
 9 =m]  ye>s1 z !y h di$ 9 ,europe1 :5  
,prote/antism swept ov]  t fair portion 
( ! flock ( ,*ri/1 & z millions di$ 9  !

 ,roman ,empire "u ! pagan ,caes>s4     
,look at :at ,rome  (f]s to-day to ! _w3
 a noble army ( m>tyrs ga!r$  ab\t      
,sa9ts ,pet] & ,paul1 ! victims ( ,n]o1 
! valiant  soldi]s ( su* fe>less *iefs2 
! ,b4 ,josophat1 ,ar*bi%op (  ,polotsk1 
sla9 by foll[]s ( ! ,moscovite s*ism2   
,b4 ,pet] (  ,arbues1 murd]$ by ,jews 9 
! *ur* ( ,s>agossa2 our n9ete5  m>tyrs (
 ,gorcum1 ! victims ( ! assass9s (      
,calv9ism2 &  two hundr$ & five :o      
sweetly yield$ up _! lives = !  fai? 9  
,japan4    ,s*ism & h]esy are always    
ready to conceal ! blood :i*  /a9s s _m 
pages ( _! annals1 & to hide ! crimes   
:i* di%onor _! ance/ors4 ,b1 if ! liv+  
are sil5t1  ! dead are n[ speak+ to u f 
_! tombs2 ! victims (  ,prote/antism h  
ris5 f _! graves to be> witness to !    
tru?4 ,we _c ?ank ,pius ,,ix4 too mu* = 
propos+ = !  v5]ation ( ! *ur* ^!       
*ampions ( ! fai?1 :o h  fall5 s        
glori\sly 9 ! /ruggles ( mod]n society1 
& on  ! same battle-field1 z x 71 :]e we
 cont9ue to engage  ! foes ( our holy   

"m1 ! *ur*4 ,nor c we praise !          
hi/orians en\gh :o h consecrat$ _! tal5t
 to ! sacr$  "w ( writ+ ! acc\nt ( ^!   
p]secutions1 & %[+  =? to ,ca?olic &    
,prote/ant ! glori\s record ( ^!  m>tyrs
 ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! "t has n[ come  
to c\nt  our sla91 t ! remembrance ( _! 
=titude may awake  ,*ri/ian fai? & zeal 
9 our s\ls4    ,! ?ree c5turies t h     
pass$ s9ce ! impi\s ,lu!r  fir/ d>$ to  
raise ! /&>d ( revolt aga9/ ! holy  *ur*
 be> a resemblance to ! fir/ c5turies ( 
! ,*ri/ian  era4 ,to-day ,prote/antism  
is ready to fall to pieces2 x is !  sick
 man among ! religions ( ! _w1 z ,turkey
 is among  ! nations2 x is ! "t to      
pres5t ! well-mean+ s\ls  t its myriad  
sects embrace ) a cle> view ( its orig91
  & ( :at x n[ tea*es 9 its clos+ ye>s4 
,!  ree/abli%m5t ( ! hi]>*y 9 ,engl& &  
,holl&1 !  re/oration ( ! episcopal see 
( ,g5eva1 ! beatification (  ,f4        
,canisius1 ! ?ird c5t5nial anniv]s>y ( !
 c\ncil (  ,tr5t1 & sev]al o!r acts ( ! 
holy see %[ u ! unity  ( ! ,ca?olic     

,*ur* comp>$ ) ! disorganization ( !    
,prote/ant sects1 :i* are n[1 we c truly
 say1 )\t fai?  or law4 ,we %\ld take   
c>e t ^? :o h be5 misguid$  %\ld "k !   
viol5t means ! s-call$ re=m]s us$ to    
e/abli% _! op9ions4  #ge  ,_! orig9 0   
/a9$ ) ! blood ( ! fai?ful1 & !y  h     
complet$ _! c\rse by adopt+ a!ism4 ,su* 
has be5  ! sad /ory ( ,prote/antism2 a  
de/9y t mu/ ev] be !  fate ( ^? :o      
oppose ! tea*+ ( ! *ur* t our ,"l  has  
bidd5 to conv]t ! nations4    ,va9ly d  
,prote/ants attempt to evade ! %ameful  
acts ( !  fir/ re=m]s by %[+ its own    
sc>s & fram+ a li/ (  m>tyrs4 ,no w\nds 
are glori\s :ile ! cause !y su/a9 is  an
 iniquity2 & h]esy c nev] be ju/ifi$ 9  
its rebellion  aga9/ ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,if
 its apologi/s tell u t  revolution is  
necess>y 9 ord] to get lib]ty1 we d5y   
?is  !ory ( ! end sanctify+ ! means1 ( a
 bad end sanctifi$  by unju/ means4 ,let
 h]etics n speak ( _! m>tyrs4 ,a  m>tyr 
is "o :o witnesses1 n "o :o prote/s2 a  
man :o  dies1 n to su/a9 a passionate & 

ob/9ate d5ial1 nor 9  def5ce (          
speculative op9ions & p]sonal ideas1 b z
 a  witness to seal ! traditional tea*+1
 to confirm ! fai?  :i* is su/a9$ by    
unexceptionable evid5ce4 ,a m>tyr is n a
  conspirator1 an in/igator1 & uphold] (
 civil w>2 he lives  )\t reproa*1 def5ds
 ! tru? )\t fanaticism1 suff]s  )\t va9 
exaltation1 & dies )\t ang]2 8 memory is
  irreproa*able be=e ,god & man4 ,w\ld t
 h]esy c\ld po9t  to su* h]oes6 ,we are 
only too pr\d & happy 9 pres5t+ to  our 
fri5ds & foes ! picture ( su* m51 9 ^:  
holy h&s  ! *ur* has put ! palm (       
m>tyrdom4                      ,,iii4   
,9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries m ?an else:]e1       
,prote/antism has  conceal$ f its       
po/]ity its sangu9>y & tyrannical       
in/9cts4 ,x has p]fidi\sly tak5         
advantage ( ! national  s5tim5t & appe>s
 clo!d 9 ! cloak ( lib]ty4 ,h[ _m       
consid] ,philip ,,ii4 a mon/]1 ! ,duke  
d',alba an execution]1  & t !y are      
solely responsible = all ! blood %$ 9  !
 ,l[ ,c\ntries8 ,b ! "t has come :5 we  

%\ld no long]  all[ ourselves to be dup$
 by hypocritical declamations aga9/     
,ca?olic reprisals4 ,!y :o h fir/ tak5  
arms & begun !  w> are held responsible 
= ! blood t is %$4    ,"o ( ! mo/ le>n$ 
/ud5ts ( mod]n hi/ory1 ,b>on            
de,gerlache1 said1 9 op5+ ! congress (  
,mal9es1 on ,augu/  #bd?1 #ahfd3 ,!     
hi/ory ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 writt5 by    
,prote/ants & copi$ by ,ca?olics1 ne$s  
to be rewritt5 f  beg9n+ to end1 f !    
real /atem5t ( ! facts1 :i* are  conta9$
 9 ! ar*ives ( ! *ur*4 ,!n ,prote/ants w
  appe> z !y really are1 su* z !y are n[
 9 ,irel& &  else:]e1 aggressive1       
viol5t1 intol]ant1 inaugurat+           
p]secution :5 !y are p[]ful en\gh1 &    
dem&+ lib]ty  :5 !y are weak4 ,^! words 
sum up ! hi/ory ( !  pret5d$ re=m1 act+ 
its d\ble "p1 ! f>ce ( lib]ty  & !      
trag$y ( blood1 accord+ to ! numb] ( its
  p>tisans4    ,! sev5te5 prov9ces _h   
un=tunately prep>$ _! c\ntry  = !       
introduction ( ,prote/antism2 _!        
nobility 0 immoral  & _! p poorly       

in/ruct$ 9 _! religion1 /rongly  atta*$ 
to worldly goods1 impati5t ( ! control (
 !  *ur*1 :ile cont9ual w>s kept ! p 9 a
 /ate (  excitem5t1 & ev5 ! v           
geographical position ( !  c\ntry & its 
comm]cial relations contribut$ to op5 ! 
way  to ! new &1 z yet1 unkn[n religion4
  #gf  ,! *ur* c\ld n oppose ! rapid    
gr[? ( h]esy2 !re  7 b f\r episcopal    
sees 9 ! :ole t]ritory2 &1  al?\gh !    
colleges & abbeys 7 ri* & num]\s1 !y  7 
subs]vi5t to ! civil p[]4 ,! *ur* c\ld  
nei!r  gu>d !m f ! error1 nor act )     
en]gy :5 x _h  obta9$ a foo?old 9 ! l&4 
,*>les ,v41 :o 0 aw>e ( !  s$iti\s &    
an>*ical "* ( ! re=m1 put =? 9  va9 all 
! sev]ities ( ! law aga9/ its prea*]s2  
he  c\ld n *eck ! torr5t4 ,error c      
sc>cely be repress$ by  =ce :5 x meets  
no opposition 9 ! consci5ce1 & :5 x  has
 already ga9$ a "p ( a p4    ,! sev]ity 
( ,*>les ,v41 :ile x did n prev5t !     
increase  ( ! h]esy1 at lea/ kept !     
diss5t]s f =m+ a sect  p[]ful en\gh to  
m5ace ! *ur* or ! /ate4 ,philip ,,ii4   

add$ no?+ to ! edicts ( 8 fa!r4 ,& ?is  
despot1 ?is  tyrant1 ev5 made           
concessions to !m t are to be regrett$4 
,?ree ?\s& ,spani% troops 7 9 ! ,ne!rl&s
 at t  "t1 & !y 7 suffici5t to hold !   
rebels 9 *eck2 b1  :5 !y prote/$ aga9/ !
 pres5ce ( ^! soldi]s1  ,philip recall$ 
!m to ,spa94 ,c>d9al ,granvelle aid$ !  
reg5t1 ,m>g>et ( ,p>ma1 ) 8 c\nsel3 !y  
prote/$  aga9/ ?is able & wor?y m9i/]1 &
 ,philip gave him 8  dismissal4 ,ev]y?+ 
s]v$ z a pretext = ! di/urb]s2 !        
hypocritical & ambiti\s ,pr9ce (        
,orange1 ,william ( ,nassau1  ! *ief ( !
 lead]s :o _h tak5 ! "n ( ,gueux1       
,footnote #aa spread discont5t &        
insurrection on e side4        ,footnote
 #aa3 ,gueux1 begg>s4 ,! orig9 ( ! ^w   
is z foll[s3 ,?ree hundr$ ,calv9i/ic    
deputies 7 s5t      to ,m>g>et ( ,p>ma  
to prote/ aga9/ ! measures ( !          
gov]nm5t4 ,%e became mu* al>m$ at ?is   
demon/ration1      :5 ,c\nt ,b>leymont  
said1 ,ce ne sont que gueux1      7!y   
are only begg>s17 allud+ to ! meanness (

 _!      appe>ance4 ,?is imprud5t rem>k 
0 ov]he>d & at once      adopt$ by !    
insurg5ts z _! title4 ,see ,b\illet's   
,dictionnaire ,univ]sel d',hi/oire et de
 ,geographie1      article ,gueux4      
,he f\nd fault ) all ! measures t !     
gov]nm5t took &  all t he accus$ x (    
wi%+ to take4 ,! creation (  f\rte5 new 
bi%oprics by ! k+ ) ! cons5t ( ! pope  0
 look$ ^u z an outrage\s act ( tyranny4 
,at la/ !  gov]nm5t 0 un>m$1 ! victims  
_h be5 suffici5tly work$  ^u by _!      
lead]s1 & ! ,ca?olics 7 completely      
intimidat$3 ! rage ( ! sects 0 n[ let   
loose to p]v]t  & de/roy ! fair fabric t
 ,god _h rais$ 9 ! l&4 ,we  %all n      
attempt to describe ! hide\s saturnalias
 ( !  re=m2 we leave t to ,prote/ant    
au?ors1 to ,s*ill]1 to  ,s*oel1 to      
,prescott4 ,we cite f ! latt] a few l9es
 to give  our read]s an idea ( :at le>n$
 ,prote/ants say ( _!  ance/ors3 ,! "w (
 pillage & deva/ation 0 c>ri$ on        
?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,ca!drals & *apels1   
conv5ts &  mona/]ies1 :atev] 0 a        

religi\s h\se1 ev5 ! hospitals1  7 giv5 
up to ! m]ciless re=m]s4 ,nei!r monk nor
  religi\s d>$ to appe> 9 _! habit4 ,f  
"t to "t1  prie/s 7 se5 flee+ ) "s relic
 or sacr$ object t  !y desir$ to pres]ve
 f pillage4 ,to ! viol5ce !y did1  !y   
add$ e outrage t c\ld express _! scorn =
 !  fai?4 ,9 ,fl&]s1 f\r hundr$ *ur*es 7
 sack$4 ,! ru9  ( ! ca!dral ( ,anv]s    
c\ld n be repair$ = less ?an  f\r hundr$
 ?\s& ducats4 444 ,"o becomes sad 9 see+
 t  ! fir/ ef=ts ( ! re=m]s 7 always    
direct$ aga9/  ^! monum5ts ( g5ius1     
erect$ & made p]fect "u !  g5]\s        
protection ( ,ca?olicism2 b1 if ! fir/  
/eps (  ! re=m h be5 made on ! ru9s (   
art1 ! good x has  produc$ 9 comp5sation
 _c be d5i$1 9 break+ ! *a9s  t b\nd !  
human m9d & op5+ to x ! doma9s (        
sci5ce1 to :i* until !n all access _h   
be5 refus$4 ,!  read]s "k h[ mu* ?is    
comp5sation is wor?4    #gg    ,& n[ may
 we ask1 if x be true t ,philip took too
 sev]e a  v5geance = ^! outrages1 if !  
,duke ( ,alva foll[$ !  rebels ) an     

unreasonable sev]ity1 if all t is said (
 !m  be multipli$ a hundr$ times1 is !re
 a s+le argum5t 9  favor ( t lib]ty (   
consci5ce :i* makes its way at !        
sword's po9t8 ,ca?olicism has nev]      
hesitat$ to disav[ &  condemn all       
viol5ce1 & e c\p d'tat done 9 h]  "n2 %e
 has always sep>at$ f politicians :o    
pret5d to  def5d h] 9 any o!r way ?an %e
 dem&s2 no comp5sation  c dis>m h]      
ju/ice aga9/ crim9al abuses :i* are     
excus$  = /ate reasons4 ,! re=m :i* does
 n feel itself  innoc5t v5tures to      
proclaim an ana!ma :i* falls ^u its  own
 doctr9es & disciples4 ,x is m easy = _!
 hi/orians  to turn ! ang] ( po/]ity ^u 
! sall[ tyrant be=e  :om ! p 7 fill$ )  
t]ror1 or ^u ! executor (  8 v5geance1 !
 ogre ?ir/+ = human fle%4 ,su* au?ors  z
 ,m4 ,qu9et f9d mat]ial "h = _!         
eloqu5ce1 787 &  subjects = su* articles
 z suit ! ,revue des ,deux  ,mondes4 ,b 
hi/ory w pay b little att5tion to ^!    
melodramatic effusions4 ,:at e/eem c    
s*ol>s dem& :5 !y  delib]ately          

calumniate gov]nm5ts & nations 9 ord] to
  conceal ! he9\s crimes p]petrat$ 9 !  
"n ( free  ?\ght2 or pamphlet-writ]s :o 
indu/ri\sly circulate !  silly /ories ( 
! inquisition1 & h n a ^w1 a s+le  ^w ( 
blame = ! sect>ians :o h cov]$ ,europe )
  blood & ru9s8    ,to ^? :o desire to  
"k1 )\t seek+ f>1 ! judgm5t (  hi/ory ^u
 ^! facts & p]sons1 we c\nsel ! read+ ( 
,fell]1 ^: op9ions always be> ! /amp (  
tru?4 ,!  sev]ity ( ! ,duke ( ,alva--or1
 if y wi%1 8 h>dness1 or  ev5 8         
inhumanity--0 legal1 & con=m$ mo/       
scrupul\sly  to judicial proce$+1 & =ms 
a /rik+ contra/ ) !  *iefs ( ! rebellion
 & _! tools1 ^: cruelties _h no  o!r    
rule ?an fanaticism & caprice4 ,william 
( ,m>ck1 =  example1 ! des ,adrets ( !  
,l[ ,c\ntries1 murd]$ 9  a s+le ye>     
7#aegb7 m peaceable citiz5s & ,ca?olic  
prie/s  ?an ! ,duke ( ,alva execut$     
rebels 9 ! :ole c\rse ( 8  adm9i/ration4
 ,footnote #ab ,to support 8 /atem5ts1  
,fell]  quotes ?ree or f\r works :i*    
rec\nt ! atrocities ( !  ,prote/ants4   

,we %all cont5t ourselves ) a /atem5t ( 
!  dea? ( our n9ete5 m>tyrs1 :i* happ5$ 
9 ?is same sad  ye>1 #aegb1 & by ! ord]s
 ( ?is same ,william ( ,m>ck1 "o  ( !   
mo/ abom9able ( ! wret*es :o figur$ 9 ! 
revolution ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ?is   
s+le example we  %all see ! b>b>\s      
fanaticism ( ! re=m1 & !  sublime       
virtues :i* di/+ui%$ ^! m>tyrs ( !      
,ca?olic  fai?3 error w %[ its p[] z a  
p]secutor2 tru?1 !  div9e =titude ) :i* 
x ve/s its fai?ful *ampions4            
,footnote #ab3 ,dictionnaire ,hi/orique1
 article ,tolde1      ,f]d9& ,alv>ez du1
 duc d',albe4    #gh                    
,,iv4    ,! ,duke ( ,alva _h quell$ !   
revolt3 he _h n root$ x out  ( ! l&1 =  
its num]\s & p[]ful ramifications 7     
only wait+ to beg9 a new life4 ,! ,pr9ce
 ( ,orange1 :o _h  tak5 c>e to avoid !  
puni%m5t due to 8 treason by a  volunt>y
 exile1 0 rais+ troops1 conspir+ &      
intrigu+  ) ! great ,iconocla/ic sect ( 
,calv9 & ) ! c\rt (  ,france1 !n "u !   
influ5ce ( ! ,hugu5ots4 ,! ,admiral de  

,coligny advis$ him to build a fleet &  
attack ! nor!rn  prov9ces1 :]e ! re=m]s 
7 9 great] numb]s4 ,!re  _h be5 ,begg>s 
on l&1 & n[ !re 7 to be ,begg>s at  sea2
 !y rivall$ ea* o!r 9 massacre &        
sacrilege1 to !  great honor ( ! re=m & 
! re=m]s1 :o by ^!  means _h obta9$ a   
p>tial triumph4 ,we are aw>e t political
  prejudices are complicat$ ) ?is       
religi\s w>2 b facts  prove beyond d\bt 
t ^! p 7 urg$ on by a deep  hatr$ ( !   
,ca?olic fai?4    ,a fleet ( ab\t =ty   
sail _h be5 fitt$ out 9 ! ports (       
,engl&1 & f !nce1 "u ! direction ( !    
f]oci\s  ,william ( ,m>ck1 ! ,begg>s    
made _! c\rse across ! ,nor?  ,sea &    
along ! coa/ ( ,fl&]s4 ,! ,duke ( ,alva 
compla9$  to ,elizabe?1 ,que5 ( ,engl&1 
& z %e did n wi% at ?is  "t to break )  
,spa91 %e gave ! corsairs ord]s to leave
  ! k+dom4 ,?is 0 9 ! spr+ ( #aegb4 ,an 
adv]se w9d  drove !m on ! isle ( ,voom1 
at ! m\? ( ! ,meuse2 !  neighbor+ port (
 ,briel 0 )\t def5d]s1 & 0 captur$  by  
^! ,calv9i/s on ,april #a/1 #aegb4 ,!y  

pillag$ !  conv5ts & *ur*es ab\t ! city1
 broke images1 & de/roy$  all t bore    
m>ks ( ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,footnote #ac    
,footnote #ac3 ,! ,delights ( !         
,ne!rl&s4 ,a      ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( !    
,sev5te5 ,prov9ces4 ,new ,edition #agdc1
      t iv4 p4 #aba4    ,?is t[n 0      
=tifi$ by ! pirates1 = :om x 0 a place  
( refuge1 & aft]w>d ! nucleus =         
insurrection4 ,?ree  mon?s aft] its     
occupation1 ,br&t1 a capta91 asc5d$ !   
,meuse z f> z ,gorcum4 ,z soon z ! p saw
 8 vessels1  !y s\ght %elt] 9 ! citadel2
 religi\s & prie/s  hurri$ly transport$ 
! sacr$ vessels & objects (  v5]ation to
 ?is place ( safety4 ,h[ev]1 ! t[n      
c\ncil &  ! body ( magi/rates began a   
p>ley ) ,br&t1 :o assur$  !m t he only  
desir$ religi\s lib]ty1 & t no outrage  
w\ld be committ$ by 8 foll[]s4 ,!y op5$ 
! gates4 ,!  b& 0 increas$ by sev]al ( !
 inhabitants ( ! t[n1 :o  7 p>tisans (  
?is ,calv9i/ic rebellion1 & !y !n       
requir$ all ! citiz5s to take an oa? (  
allegiance to  ,william ( ,nassau1      

,pr9ce ( ,orange1 gov]nor royal ( !     
,holl& prov9ces4 ,dur+ ?is "t t !       
revolution>y troops  _h possession ( !  
city1 ! comm&] ( ! palace /ill  held    
out1 b 0 ev5tually compell$ to          
capitulate because (  ! failure ( hop$ =
 supplies4 ,br&t solemnly promis$ to    
sp>e _! lives & give !m _! lib]ty2 b1   
sc>cely _h  !y tak5 possession ( !      
place1 :51 =gett+ _! oa?s1  !y conf9$ _!
 victims z prison]s4 ,! laym5 7 f9ally  
releas$ 9 consid]ation ( l>ge sums (    
money1 except a few  :o 7 put to dea? z 
firm ,ca?olics & royali/s2 !  prie/s &  
religi\s1 n9ete5 9 numb]1 rema9$3 !y    
c\ld  hope = no deliv]ance b t (        
m>tyrdom4    #gi    ,!n ! sc5es t are   
ev] recurr+ 9 ! *ur*1 ! sc5es  ( !      
passion ( our ,"l1 7 re5act$4 ,z our    
div9e ,savi\r  _h to und]go ! outrages (
 a brutal soldi]y1 s did ^!  h]oes (    
,gorcum2 !y1 l him1 7 =c$ ?r\gh cr[ds ( 
infuriat$ p1 :o greet$ !m ) scornful    
que/ions1 )  bl[s1 & sc\rges1 & mock]y1 
& imprecations1 &1 la/ (  all1 ) !      

gibbet4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is display ( rage &
  hate1 our h]oes 7 entirely tranquil1  
bless+ ,god1 pray+  = _! execution]s1   
enc\rag+ ea* o!r to be> _!  suff]+s )   
pati5ce1 gladly (f]+ _! lives z a       
te/imony to _! s9c]ity 9 pr(ess+ !      
dogmas d5i$ by  ! h]etics2 9 "o ^w1 !y  
bore !mselves z true witnesses  ( our   
,"l %\ld4    ,! facts ( _! m>tyrdom h   
be5 told by well-in=m$  hi/orians4 ,god1
 :o leaves no?+ hidd5 9 ! lives ( ^?    
:om he has det]m9$ to honor1 rais$      
witnesses to te/ify to  ! m]its ( ^? :o 
7 su* fai?ful witnesses ( 8 ,son4       
,hi/ory celebrat$ _! triumph :ile wait+ 
= ! *ur* to  cr[n !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/       
intrepid ( ! m>tyrs1 ,ni*olas  ,pieck1  
sup]ior ( ! ,franciscans1 _h a nephew   
liv+ at  ,gorcum1 :o 0 a witness to ^!  
ev5ts1 & :o is n[ kn[n  z ! celebrat$   
,william ,e/ius1 *ancellor ( ! univ]sity
 (  ,d\ai4 ,he collect$ all ! facts t 7 
kn[n1 & !n wrote  a complete hi/ory ( _!
 m>tyrdom1 :i* reflects s mu*  cr$it ^u 
8 c\ntry & family4 ,a "y ,franciscan    

novice1  :o begg$ = m]cy :5 he 0 to be  
execut$1 liv$ to tell (  ! firmness ( ^!
 confessors ( ! fai?2 a canon1 ,pontus  
,heut]us1 :o 0 also unfai?ful to ! grace
 ( m>tyrdom1  wrote ! /ory 9 ,holl&     
v]se4 ,x is useless1 h[ev]1 to  detail a
 li/ ( our au?orities2 = !re are no     
pages 9 !  annals ( ! *ur* m lum9\s ?an 
! acts ( ^!  n9ete5 m>tyrs4 ,surely ,god
 has wi%$ to erect f _!  h]oic virtue a 
monum5t to ! sanctity ( ! *ur* & to !   
satanic "* ( ?is h]esy4 ,footnote #ad   
,footnote #ad3 ,! "w ( ,e/ius1 ,hi/oric 
,m>tyrum      ,gorcomi5sium ,libri      
,quatuor1 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,d\ai      9   
#afjc4 ,x 0 aft]w>d republi%$1 ) notes &
 a      supplem5t1 by ,m4 ,reuss51      
pr(essor 9 ! univ]sity (      ,l\va94 ,a
 ,fr5* translation ( ,e/ius appe>$ at   
,d\ai 9      #afjf1 "u ! title1 ,hi/oire
 ,vritable des ,m>tyrs de      ,gorcum  
en ,holl&e1 etc4 ,acta ,sanctorum1 t4   
xxvii4      ad #i ,julii1 fol4 #gcf-hdg4
 ,esquisses ,hi/oriques des             
,tr\bles des ,pays-,bas an ,,xvii4      

,sicle4 ,p> ,e4 ,h4 de      ,cavr9es4   
,deuxime dit4 ,bruxelles1 ,vromant4     
#ahfe4    ,z we h already said1 !re 0 b 
"o way to please ^!  ,calv9i/ic         
execution]s1 & t 0 to r5\nce ! fai?2 b  
_! victims *ose r to endure all ! suff]+
 t _!  malignant +5uity c\ld sugge/4 ,! 
m>tyrs affirm$  successively ! "r ( !   
*ur* to impose laws 9 ! "n  ( ,god1 !   
div9e mat]nity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & !  
v5]ation :i* is due to ! real pres5ce ( 
,jesus ,*ri/ 9  ! sacram5t ( ! alt> & ! 
primacy ( ! pope4    ,! fir/ day ( _!   
captivity 7,june #bg?7 0 a ,friday4 ,!y 
_h no food (f]$ !m b meat1 f :i* !y     
*e]fully  ab/a9$1 r ?an put 9 d\bt _!   
fidelity to !  precepts ( ! *ur*4 ,!re 0
 b "o :o ?\ght x  necess>y = him to take
 "s n\ri%m5t1 & he 0 "o (  ^? :o did n  
p]sev]e to ! end4    ,9 ! foll[+ night1 
a b& ( ,prote/ants ru%$ into _!  cell & 
pret5d$ t !y _h come to execute !m      
imm$iately4 ,behold me1 said ,lon>d     
,ve*el1 ! ag$ pa/or (  ,gorcum1 ,i am   
ready4 ,8 assi/ant1 ,ni*olas ,van       

,poppel1 0  d>$ to repeat :at he _h s   
(t5 prea*$ 9 ! pulpit4  ,will+ly1 he    
answ]$1 & at ! price ( e drop ( my      
blood1 ,i confess ! ,ca?olic fai?2 above
 all1 ! dogma ( !  real pres5ce ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ 9 ! holy eu*>i/4  #hj  ,!y !n    
?rew a rope ab\t 8 neck & began to      
/rangle him2  ! sup]ior ( ! ,franciscans
 0 treat$ 9 ! same way2 !y  7 bo? *ok$  
until !y fa9t$1 :5 ! ruffians held _!   
tor*es to ! faces ( _! victims1 recall+ 
_! lives 9  ?is g5tle way6 ,aft] all1   
said "o ( ! mon/]s1 !y are  only monks4 
,( :at acc\nt are !y8 ,:o w tr\ble      
!mselves  ab\t !m8    ,on ,july #b;d1 ! 
fea/ ( ! ,visitation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91
  ,fa!r ,leon>d 0 releas$ = a %ort "t1 z
 8 fri5ds _h  pur*as$ p]mission = him to
 say ,mass4 ,! c\rage\s pa/or1  9 an    
address to 8 flock1 extoll$ ! virtues ( 
our bless$  ,lady1 & :5 conclud+ urg$ !m
 to rema9 firm 9 ! fai?  ( _! fa!rs4    
,?is pur*as$ = him increas$ tortures on 
8 return to ! prison4    ,john ,van     
,omal1 ! apo/ate canon ( ,lige1 0 ! h]o 

(  ano!r ( ^! pret5d$ executions4 ,he 0 
m ?an a ,judas1  = he 0 n only a        
traitor1 b x 0 ?r\gh 8 ef=ts  t !       
execution f9ally took place4 ,enrag$ at 
hav+ be5  foil$ 9 8 attack on ,bommel1  
7,july #c;d17 he det]m9$ to  rev5ge     
himself on ! prie/s & religi\s (        
,gorcum4 ,at t  "t ! lib]ation ( !      
captives 0 spok5 (1 z "s  memb]s ( ! t[n
 c\ncil _h be5 s5t to ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange
  to beg him to release !m4 ,! apo/ate1 
aft] reflect+ ^u  ! possibility ( _!    
release1 conclud$ t he _h bett]  take !m
 to ! ,c\nt ( ,m>ck1 :o 0 at 8          
headqu>t]s 9  ,briel4 ,9 ! middle ( !   
night ( ! #e?1 !y 7 hurri$1  sc>cely    
clo!d & )\t food1 on bo>d ( a vessel1   
:i*  rapidly desc5d$ ! ,meuse4 ,!y rea*$
 ,dordre*t at n9e  o'clock1 & ,van ,omal
 _h an opportunity to satisfy 8 malice  
by  expos+ ! v5]able b& to ! idle       
curiosity & unfeel+  taunts ( a         
,calv9i/ic mob4 ,!y arriv$ at ,briel 9 !
  ev5+1 b 7 deta9$ on bo>d ! vessel all 
night1 s t  ! news ( _! co9+ might be   

well kn[n & _! foes  prop]ly prep>$ to  
torture !m4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #g?1 !      
c\nt1 :o e/eem$ himself p>ticul>ly      
=tunate 9 hav+  ^! poor monks & religi\s
 to torm5t1 ord]$ !m to m>*  9          
procession ?r\gh ! t[n2 he *ose =       
himself a mo/  un5viable position1 t (  
rid+ beh9d 8 un=tunate  prison]s1 ) a   
huge :ip1 & unfeel+ly beat+ !m z !y     
made _! way ?r\gh ! ?rongs ( infuriat$  
p4 ,t  no?+ %\ld be want+ to ?is        
humiliat+ sc5e1 he comm&$  ! m>tyrs to  
s+3 a ,te ,deum 0 fir/ inton$1 & !n  a  
,salve ,reg9a4 ,he s\ght to turn !m into
 ridicule2 b  _! h]oism made !m sublime4
    ,! aft]noon ( ! #g? & ! foll[+ morn+
 7 tak5 up  by discussions ) ! m9i/]s 9 
! pres5ce ( ! c\nt4  ,! g5]\s soldi]s ( 
,*ri/ su/a9$ _! belief firmly &  )      
dignity2 !y bore witness p>ticul>ly to !
 dogma ( !  eu*>i/1 & to ! supremacy ( !
 ,roman pontiff4 ,r5\nce  ! pope1 said  
!y to ,fa!r ,leon>d1 or y w hang4  ,h[1 
answ]$ he1 h[ c y contradict y\rselves 9
 ?is  way8 ,y are always proclaim+ t y  

wi% = religi\s  lib]ty1 & t no "o has ! 
"r to prev5t ! ex]cise (  y\r wor%ip4 ,&
 n[ y desire to =ce me to d5y my fai?6  
,x  is bett] = me to die ?an to be      
untrue to my consci5ce4    #ha          
,h[ev]1 a lett] came f ,gorcum1 9 :i*   
,william ( ,nassau  ord]$ ! clauses ( ! 
conv5tion ( ,june #bf? to be /rictly    
obs]v$ 9 reg>d to ! prison]s4 ,?is1 (   
c\rse1 only  exasp]at$ ! ,c\nt ( ,m>ck1 
:o saw t 8 prey might  escape him4 ,z he
 0 go+ to b$1 aft] "o ( ! orgies :i*  7 
habitual ) him1 he ca/ 8 eyes aga9 ov] !
 note (  ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange4 ,he !n = ! 
fir/ "t p]ceiv$ t  ,br&t _h s5t him only
 a copy ( ! ord]1 & _h pres]v$  !       
orig9al4 ,?is s]v$ z a pretext = a      
display ( 8  amiable temp]1 & he decl>$ 
t he 0 ma/] ( ! place1  & t x 0 high "t 
= x to be kn[n2 an ord] 0 issu$  at once
 to take ! prison]s & conduct !m to ,t5 
,rugge1  ,footnote #ae a conv5t :i* he  
_h sack$ :5 he fir/  captur$ ,briel4 ,! 
torture began at ab\t two o'clock 9 !   
morn+ ( ,w$nesday1 ! #i? ( ,july2 x 0   

accompani$ by  %ameful outrages :i* we  
pref] to pass ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,_!         
captivity _h la/$ twelve days1 ( :i* n9e
 7 pass$ at  ,gorcum4        ,footnote  
#ae3 ,! ,ca?olics ( ,holl& h rec5tly    
repur*as$ ?is /ol5 conv5t = #af1jjj     
flor9s4 ,x w      soon be a place (     
pilgrimage = ! pi\s p ( ,holl&      &   
,belgium4    ,( ! n9ete5 prison]s :o 7  
tak5 f t city1 only  sixte5 suff]$ dea?4
 ,?ree prie/s & religi\s fill$ !  gaps 9
 _! noble b&4 ,a my/]i\s judgm5t (      
,provid5ce1  ( :i* !re is m ?an "o      
example 9 ! hi/ory ( !  m>tyrs4 ,!re 7  
n9ete5 call$ to m>tyrdom1 & !  defection
 ( "s did n prev5t ! numb] be+ pres]v$  
to  ! end4 7,r4 ,f4 ,cahi]1 ,,sj47 ,we h
 m5tion$ two ( ^!  unhappy des]t]s1 :om 
,god deign$ to lead back to himself2 !  
?ird ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,c\nt ( ,m>ck1 &
 0 hung  ?ree mon?s aft] = /eal+4 ,b    
apo/asy did n always  pres]ve life1 = we
 read t ! cur ( ,maasdam 0 put to  dea? 
eight days aft] ! m>tyrs1 al?\gh he _h  
r5\nc$ !  papacy4    ,william ( ,m>ck at

 la/ receiv$ 8 rew>d f a j  ,provid5ce2 
he 0 bitt5 by "o ( 8 dogs1 & di$ 9 !    
mo/ horrible agony1 amid %rieks ( rage &
 despair4 ,x is a  g5]al law2 ! ,n]os   
are plung$ 9 ! dep?s ( %ame &  despair1 
:ile m>tyrs asc5d to _! et]nal glory4   
,eighte5  c5turies aft] 8 crucifixion1  
,pet] receives ! honors ( a  triumph su*
 z k+s h nev] _h2 ?ree c5turies aft] _! 
torm5t1 ! n9ete5 m>tyrs ( ,gorcum are   
v5]at$ 9 e  corn] ( ! e>? :]e           
,*ri/ianity is kn[n4    ,we pres5t to   
our read]s ! names ( ^! m>tyrs3 ,fa!rs  
,ni*olas ,pieck1 sup]ior ( !            
,franciscans2 ,j]ome ,w]dt2  ,?i]ry ,van
 ,emd52 ,n4 ,janss52 ,willehad ,danus1 a
 v5]able old  man ( n9ety ye>s :o did n 
cease repeat+ ,deo  ,gratias dur+ !     
twelve days ( 8 conf9em5t2 ,antony      
,w]dt2 ,godfrey ,m]vel2 ,antony         
,hoorna]2 ,francis de ,roye1 :o 0       
sc>cely tw5ty-f\r ye>s ( age1 be+ !     
y\nge/ ( !  m>tyrs2 ,cornelius ,wyk1 &  
,pet] ,ass*e4 ,! =ego+ 7 all  ,fri>s    
,m9or4 ,! ,dom9icans _h a repres5tative 

9 ! p]son  ( ,fa!r ,john1 ( ! prov9ce ( 
,cologne1 :o 0 captur$  :ile go+ to     
baptize an infant4 ,fa!r ,adrian ,beek &
 8  curate1 ,f4 ,james ,lacops1 7 seiz$ 
on ! night ( ! sev5?  or morn+ ( ! eigh?
 ( ,july & s5t to ,briel1 :]e !y  jo9$  
^? :o _h come f ,gorcum2 !y 7 bo?       
,premon/rants4 ,!re 0 a canon ( ,/4     
,augu/9e1 ,john  ,oo/]wyk1 :o 0 direct+ 
a conv5t ( ! ord] at ,gorcum4  #hb  ,:5 
he he>d t 8 own conv5t 7t ( ,t5 ,rugge1 
! place  ( m>tyrdom7 0 sack$ & !        
religi\s put to dea?1 he  exclaim$1 ,oh 
may our ,"l deign to grant t ,i may die 
z  !y h6 ,h[ exactly 0 8 pray] grant$6  
,! foll[+  7 secul>s3 ,leon>d ,ve*el2   
,ni*olas ,van ,peppel2 ,godfrey ,van    
,duyn51 a doctor ( !ology & =m]ly rector
 ( !  univ]sity ( ,p>is2 he _h m]it$ by 
8 pure life ! cr[n (  m>tyrdom t he     
receiv$ :5 m ?an sev5ty ye>s ( age2  &1 
la/ly1 ,&rew ,w\t]s1 :o 0 tak5 ne>      
,dordre*t1 &  :o 0 ! ?ird sub/itute = ^?
 :o %rank f ! try+  ordeal4             
,v4    ,we are n a/oni%$ t ,god by      

miracles1 & ! holy *ur*  by h] v5]ation1
 has made ?is episode ( ! religi\s      
p]secution ( ! ,ne!rl&s s prom95t4 ,if  
we w b  reflect1 x (f]s to u ! mo/      
preci\s tea*+2 x pres5ts  "o ( ^? /rik+ 
pro(s :i* are sure to conv9ce ! good    
s5se ( ! p4 ,a cause :i* succe$s by su* 
crimes z  ?is is already judg$2 we are n
 call$ ^u to condemn x4 ,&  if ?is is ! 
cause ( a re=m$ religion1 :at ne$  has  
any hone/ man ( any fur!r argum5ts to   
conv9ce him (  its error8 ,0 ,*ri/ianity
 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,roman empire by  ov]turn+
 ! gov]nm5t & giv+ up its in(f5sive     
citiz5s  to pillage1 to outrage1 & to   
murd]8 ,does ! lib]ty (  consci5ce      
prea*$ by ! re=m resemble ! lib]ty t  ! 
*ur* ask$ ( ! ,caes>s1 & :i* %e is ask+ 
(  ,prote/ant gov]nm5ts today8 ,!       
*ampions ( ?is mod]n  lib]ty impos$ _!  
doctr9es ^u unwill+ p at !  po9t ( !    
sword1 :ile its oppon5ts gave _! blood 9
  def5ce ( _! religi\s rights4 ,9       
c\ntries :]e  ,prote/antism did n ma9ta9
 itself by an unrel5t+  despotism1 ! p  

eag]ly return$ to ! fai? ( _!  fa!rs1 ! 
v viol5ce ( ! sects caus+ a heal?ful    
reaction4 ,footnote #af ,& ?is 0 also ! 
case ) !  great] "p ( ! prov9ces ( !    
,ne!rl&s1 :i* gladly  ?rew (f ! yoke (  
,william ( ,orange & return$ to _!  =m] 
allegiance--an example ( a wav]+ fai?   
be+ reviv$  by ! lawlessness ( its      
oppon5ts4 ,! sect>ies reta9$ only  sev5 
( ! sev5te5 prov9ces1 n[ kn[n z ,holl&1 
& :i*  7 inundat$ ) ! blood ( fai?ful   
,ca?olic prie/s4 ,!  m>tyrs ( ,gorcum 7 
only a little b& ( ?is va/ army (       
,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 ! ye> #aegb1 !re 7 m   
m>tyrs 9 !  ,l[ ,c\ntries ?an 9 all !   
prec$+ c5turies toge!r3 !  cradle ( !   
republic ( ,holl& float$ 9 a sea (      
,ca?olic  blood4        ,footnote #af3  
,france1 says a ,prote/ant hi/orian1    
aft]      hav+ be5 almo/ re=m$1 f\nd    
h]self1 9 ! result1      ,roman         
,ca?olic4 ,! sword ( h] pr9ces1 ca/ into
 !      scale1 caus$ x to incl9e 9 favor
 ( ,rome4 ,alas ,i ano!r      sword1 t (
 ! re=m]s !mselves1 insur$ ! failure    

( ! ,re=mation4 7,d',aubign1 ,hi/ory ( !
      ,re=mation1 vol4 i4 p4 #hf47      
,we wond] :at le>n$ & s9c]e ,prote/ants1
 su* z ,m4  ,guizot1 ?9k 9 _! he>ts ( ^!
 bloody pages ( _!  ance/ors8 ,d !y     
believe 9 ! comp5sation t ,mr4          
,prescott talks ab\t1 & t su* dreadful  
crimes 7  necess>y to pur*ase fre$om (  
consci5ce1 :i*1 aft] all1 is  only      
p]mission to believe no?+8 ,not)/&+ !   
disord]s x caus$1 says ,m4 ,guizot1 & ! 
faults x  committ$1 ! re=m ( ! sixte5?  
c5tury has r5d]$ to  mod]n times two    
great s]vices4 ,m4 ,guizot tells ! tru?2
 x  has4  #hc  ,x has giv5 to ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* a noble army ( m>tyrs1 &         
confirm$ ! promise ( our ,"l to ,pet]1  
:5 he decl>$ !  gates ( hell %all n     
prevail aga9/ ! *ur*4 ,x 7!  re=m7      
reanimat$1 ev5 among its adv]s>ies1 !   
,*ri/ian  fai?4 ,footnote #ag ,x has    
impr9t$ ^u ,european society a  decisive
 movem5t t[>d lib]ty4 ,footnote #ah     
,lib]ty = :om  & lib]ty = :at8 ,=       
,calv9i/ic ,holl&1 x 0 ! lib]ty  ( civil

 w>1 ! lib]ty to rob unprotect$ conv5ts1
 !  lib]ty to circulate immoral books1 !
 lib]ty to foll[  lic5ti\s desires1 to  
desecrate ! *ur*es1 &1 above all1  !    
lib]ty to p]secute ! adh]5ts (          
,ca?olicism4        ,footnote #ag3 ,we  
are at a loss to discov] ,m4 ,guizot's  
au?ority = ?is ass]tion4 ,erasmus1 "o ( 
! mo/      le>n$ m5 ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 
says3 ,^? :om ,i _h      kn[n to be     
pure1 full ( c&or & simplicity1 ^! same 
p]sons h ,i se5 aft]w>d1 :5 !y _h gone  
ov] to !      gospell]s1 become ! mo/   
v9dictive1 impati5t1 &      frivol\s2   
*ang$1 9 fact1 f m5 to vip]s4 4 4 4     
,luxury1 av>ice1 & lewdness prevail m   
among !m ?an      among ^? :om !y dete/4
 444 ,i h se5 none :o h      n be5 made 
worse by _! gospel4 7,epi/4 ,tractibus  
,g]maniae ,inf]ioris47 ,our evangeli/s1 
says ,lu!r1      are n[ sev5fold m wick$
 ?an !y 7 be=e !      ,re=mation4 ,9    
proportion z we he> ! gospel1 we /eal1  
lie1 *eat1 gorge1 swill1 & commit e     
crime4 444 ,!      p h le>n$ to despise 

! ^w ( ,god4 7,lu!r1      ,w]ke1 ed4    
alt4 tom4 iii4 p4 #eai47                
,footnote #ah3 ,l',eglise et la ,socit  
,*rti5nes en      #ahfa4 ,deuxieme dit4 
p4 #h4    ,error mu/ necess>ily         
p]secute1 = ?is is ! only way 9  :i* x c
 pr$om9ate2 x nev] feels suffici5tly    
protect$  aga9/ ! tru? ov] :i* x has    
obta9$ a tempor>y triumph4  ,x is fir/ !
 tyranny ( ! sword1 & !n ! tyranny ( !  
law4 ,public op9ion has long be5 impos$ 
^u by foll[]s (  ! re=m1 = !y h cri$ s  
lu/ily = religi\s  fre$om & lib]ty (    
consci5ce t few h tak5 ! tr\ble  to     
asc]ta9 ! fact t _! acts h inv>iably    
beli$  _! words4 ,b hi/ory1 :i* has be5 
made an accomplice to  ?is delusion1 is 
n[ effectually unmask+ x4 ,if we        
attribute  ! introduction ( religi\s    
tol]ation to ,prote/antism1 x is  n     
because x has practis$ x1 b because x   
has made x  necess>y4 ,tru? has tol]at$ 
error1 :ile error has cont9ually  s\ght 
to ext]m9ate ! tru?4 ,! pr9ciple (      
religi\s  tol]ation 0 introduc$ by      

,ca?olic gov]nm5ts1 :]e h]esy  triumph$2
 z 9 ,engl&1 ,sw$51 & ,holl&1 ! mo/     
sev]e  laws 7 enact$ aga9/ ! =m] fai?1  
laws s cruel t we  c say !y 7 writt5 9  
blood1 & t ! *ur* has be5  = ! pa/ ?ree 
c5turies 9 a /ate ( m>tyrdom 9 ^?       
c\ntries4 ,we %all notice briefly "s ( !
 enactm5ts (  ,holl&2 b1 be=e we d s1 we
 w briefly refute a sophism  by :i* !   
,prote/ants attempt to palliate _!      
atrocities4  ,! hi/ory ( ,prote/antism  
is s con/itut$ t1 be=e any  "q c be     
discuss$1 x is necess>y to remove a     
numb] (  objections due ei!r to         
ignorance or prejudice4    ,religi\s    
intol]ance1 say !y1 0 a *>act]i/ic      
feature (  ! p ( ! middle ages4 ,! *ur* 
held its au?ority to  be a fundam5tal   
pr9ciple1 &1 see+ ?is put 9 dang]1 x    
=got ! rights ( lib]ty & us$ =ce & ! arm
 ( civil  p[] to en=ce x dogmas4 ,on !  
o!r h&1 aft] lib]ty  conqu]$ its rights1
 x un=tunately w5t beyond its doctr9es1 
& ev5 embrac$ ! opposite pr9ciple4 ,?us 
,*ri/ians  p]secut$ ea* o!r1 until !    

progress ( society l$ !m to  mutual     
respect4 ,b ! illogical position (      
,prote/antism is  app>5t3 x beg9s a w> 9
 ! "n ( religi\s lib]ty1 &  f9i%es by   
putt+ ! *ur* 9 a /ate ( siege6 ,! *ur*  
01 at lea/1 consi/5t1 = %e nev] said t  
m5 7 free  to d5y _! ,mak] & adopt a    
religion ( _! own bra9 or  t !y possess$
 an imprescriptible "r to prea* &       
dissem9ate false doctr9e4  #hd  ,an     
illu/ri\s bi%op :o lives n[ among !     
*ildr5 ( !  re=mation1 lately %[$ !m on 
! =ehead ( _! "m  ?is sign (            
contradiction1 & def5d$ ! honorable     
consi/5cy :i* exi/s betwe5 ! doctr9es & 
! acts (  ! *ur*4 ,! *ur* di/9ctly holds
 t society1 z well z  ! family1 has its 
duties to ,jesus ,*ri/1 & t ,god is     
equally ! ,ma/] & ,"l ( man1 reg>d$ z an
 isolat$  individual1 z ( man 9 social  
relations ) 8 fell[s4 ,%e  looks back ) 
joy ^u ! times :51 see+ h] lib]ty       
protect$1 %e became ! inspir] ( !       
,*ri/ian republic4 444  ,b1 if %e has   
?ankfully receiv$ ! protection ( ! sword

  :i* v9dicat$ h] ju/ice1 & %ield$ h]   
weakness :5 %e  0 =c$ ^u ! def5sive1 %e 
has nev] wi%$ x to be us$  to impose    
doctr9e2 fai? is n a =c$ belief1 b a    
free  adhesion ( bo? m9d & he>t to      
reveal$ tru?4 ,lib]ty (  consci5ce1 9   
its prop] s5se1 f> f be+ sc\t$ &        
condemn$ by ! *ur*1 is ! ess5tial       
condition ( h]  spiritual sov]eignty4   
,x 0 n en\gh to attempt to ov]turn !    
secul> ?rone (  ! sp\se ( ,*ri/1 ! que5 
( ,european civilization2 x mu/  be put 
9 *a9s & conf9$ 9 dungeons4 ,let u cite 
"s (  ! proscriptions ( ! ,prote/ants 9 
,holl&3      #aeif4--,! ,jesuits are    
=bidd5 to ent] ! c\ntry4 ,:oev]         
att5ds _! sem9>ies or univ]sities %all  
be bani%$ f    ! c\ntry4                
#afjb4--a/4 ,! police are ord]$ to arre/
 any ,jesuit1 monk1    or prie/ ( !     
papi/ religion4      #b;d4 ,! p are     
=bidd5 to take any oa? or make any      
promise to ma9ta9 ! p[] ( ! ,pope (     
,rome4 ,public or    private meet+s1    
s]mons1 or collections 9 favor ( ! papal

    sup]/ition are prohibit$4    ,ano!r 
plac>d decrees t e p]son 9 holy ord]s   
%all  leave ! c\ntry 9 less ?an six     
days1 "u pa9 ( arre/ &  be+ puni%$ z an 
enemy to ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 also =bidd5     
,ca?olic tea*]s to in/ruct _! pupils1 if
 ei!r ( !  p>5ts _h be5 ( ! re=m$       
religion2 & to w any money  to any      
prie/1 religi\s1 or = any hospital or   
religi\s  edifice4    ,?is w be         
suffici5t to give our ,prote/ant read]s 
an idea (  ! lib]ty ( consci5ce :i*     
fl\ri%$ 9 ,holl&4 ,_m  endeavor 9 ^!    
times to hide ! accus+ witness ( ^!     
acts1 & to conceal entirely ! mann] 9   
:i* ! religion (  our =efa!rs has be5   
ov]come2 b ! day is break+1 !  %ad[s (  
h]esy are fa/ fad+ away1 & !y w n be    
able  to br+ !m back aga94 ,pius ,,ix41 
9 an allocution 9  consi/ory on ,m>*    
#g?1 #ahec1 allud$ to ! lam5table       
calamities ! *ur* _h suff]$ 9 !         
,ne!rl&s4 ,! c\rt  ( ,holl&1 z x did n  
desire to ackn[l$ge ! odi\s acts  ( its 
=m] gov]nm5t1 s5t a lett] to ! ,roman   

c\rt  prote/+ aga9/ ^! hi/orical        
allusions4 ,! able m9i/]  ( ! holy see  
repli$ to ?is effront]y 9 ! foll[+      
language3 ,! pontifical docum5t only    
po9t$ out1 9 pass+1  some?+ t is fully  
told n only by ,ca?olic1 b also by      
,prote/ant hi/orians1 :o are int]e/$ 9  
giv+ imp>tially  ! true hi/ory ( !      
facts4 ,footnote #ai        ,footnote   
#ai3 ,note ( 8 em95ce1 ,c>d9al          
,antonelli4      ,ami de la ,religion t4
 clxi4 ,no4 #eeeb1 ,july #aa1           
#ahec4    #he    ,!re is b "o res\rce = 
,prote/ant p[]s :o blu% at !  intol]ance
 ( ^? :o h prec$$ !m1 & ?is is to  /rike
 f _! laws ! unju/ proscriptions !y h   
levell$ aga9/ ,ca?olicism4 ,we owe x to 
ju/ice to say t1  :ile sev]al ,prote/ant
 c\ntries1 ,sw$51 = example1 reta9  ^!  
unju/ enactm5ts1 ,holl& is /eadily giv+ 
up its =m]  fanaticism1 & has fairly    
ent]$ into ! way ( religi\s  lib]ty4    
,,vi4    ,! p]secution ( ! sword & ! law
 h demon/rat$ !  cruel & hypocritical "*
 ( ?is h]esy1 at ! same "t  x has prov$ 

! vigor & /ability ( ! *ur*4    ,m ?an  
once 9 ^! n9ete5 c5turies1 x has be5    
attempt$  to extirpate ,ca?olicism f !  
he>t ( a nation1 z ,russia is  try+ to d
 n[3 ,we d n "k t !y h ev] succe$$4     
,ev5 "u ,mohamm$an rule1 ! *ur* has     
ma9ta9$ its  exi/5ce = m ?an twelve     
c5turies 9 ,turkey & 9  ,nor!rn ,africa2
 & ?\gh x has suff]$ "o cont9ual        
p]secution1 & lo/ innum]able multitudes 
?r\gh m>tyrdom1  x c\nts to-day 9 ^! v  
c\ntries m ?an ?ree millions  ( fai?ful 
*ildr54 ,footnote #bj ,9 ,japan1 :]e    
mission>ies  _h sc>cely "t to s[ ! se$s 
( ,ca?olic tru? be=e a  savage w> 0 wag$
 ^u x1 its roots are /ill liv+1 &  %[   
aft] two c5turies an unwav]+ fidelity to
 ! fai?4  ,footnote #ba        ,footnote
 #bj3 ,see ,m>cy's ,*ri/ianity & its    
,conflicts1 p4 #dje1 & ,m>%all's        
,*ri/ian      ,missions1 vol4 ii4 p4    
#bd1 = a m complete /atem5t      ( !    
*ur* 9 ^? c\ntries4--,,ed4 ,c4 ,w4 ,!   
,biblio?que de l',ecole des ,*>tes =    
,may to ,june1      #ahff1 conta9s an   

int]e/+ analysis ( "s curi\s            
docum5ts on ! relations ( ,popes        
,gregory ,,vii41 ,gregory      ,,ix41   
,innoc5t ,,iv41 & ,ni*olas ,,iv41 ) !   
,*ri/ians (      ,africa4               
,footnote #ba3 ,:5 "s ,japanese m>tyrs 7
 add$ to !      catalogue ( sa9ts a few 
ye>s ago1 !re 7 f\nd to be      9 ,japan
 "s ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians :o _h pres]v$ _!  
fai? )\t any human m9i/ry solely by !   
aid ( _!      good gu>dian              
angels4--,disc\rse pron\nc$ by ! ,holy  
,fa!r on ! ,promulgation ( ! ,decree    
relative to !      ,beatification1 ( !  
#bje ,m>tyrs ( ,japan1 ,april #cj1      
#ahfg4    ,h]esy1 inspir$ ) ! same fury 
z paganism & ,islamism1 has  exhau/$ e  
res\rce to de/roy ! anci5t fai?3 ! "y  &
 fl\ri%+ *ur*es ( ,engl& & ,holl&       
proclaim its  failure4 ,! ,ca?olics h   
vanqui%$ by fai? ^? :o  ov]came !m by   
=ce2 ! blood ( m>tyrs is always ! se$  (
 its lib]ty & life4 ,?ree c5turies h    
pass$1 & ,god1  ?r\gh 8 vic>1 pron\nces 
! ^w ( resurrection3  ,puella1 tibi     

dico1 surge4 ,& %e has ris51 weak1 b    
glori\s & full ( hope2 h] fair c\nt5ance
 aga9 %9es ov]  ! l& ( ,/4 ,boniface &  
,/4 ,willibrord1 mak+ ev5 h]etics       
tremble at h] m>vell\s life4 ,poor      
fanatics6 ,y said =m]ly1  ,r5\nce !     
pope1 or y w be hung2 b h[ has ,god & ! 
*ildr5 ( ^? m>tyrs rev5g$ y\r cruelty6  
,! pope yet  rules at ,rome2 he appo9ts 
bi%ops 9 y\r cities to gov]n y\r  sees2 
he places y\r victims on ! alt>2 y\r    
fell[-citiz5s  v5]ate ^! victims4 ,! h\r
 ( ! complete return (  ,holl& to       
,*ri/ianity _c be mu* long] delay$4 ,!  
canonization ( ! m>tyrs ( ,gorcum is an 
additional elem5t (  /r5g? = ,ca?olics1 
:ile x mu/ cause ! mo/ bigot$ (  its    
oppon5ts to reflect ^u ! failure (      
,prote/antism to  ov]?r[ ! abom9ations (
 pop]y4 ,:5 ,rome1 says !  great bi%op (
 ,poiti]s--:5 ,rome glorifies ! sa9ts ( 
heav51 %e nev] fails to multiply ! sa9ts
 ( e>?4    --------    #hf              
,c>lyle's ,%oot+ ,niag>a4      ,( ! _m  
expressive words ) :i* ! ,engli%        

language has  be5 end[$ few are m =cible
 ?an ! little t]m bo%4  ,= a long "t we 
h 9 va9 tri$ to discov] a synonym )  :i*
 to relieve x f too frequ5t use1 & we   
?9k t  ,c>lyle's la/ essay has gratifi$ 
our pati5ce4 ,?omas ,c>lyle  is :at ! _w
 sometimes calls a philosoph]4 ,no "o c 
d5y  t he is a man ( excell5t abilities4
 ,hav+ be5 an  extraord9>ily close      
obs]v] ( m5 & ?+s f 8  e>lie/           
*ildhood--& he is n[ sev5ty-two ye>s    
old--&  hav+1 f 8 fir/ appe>ance 9      
,brew/]'s  ,encyclopa$ia1 gone ?r\gh a  
lit]>y c>e] ( =ty-f\r  ye>s )           
extraord9>y success1 ! _w is naturally  
int]e/$ 9 any criticism he may see fit  
to pron\nce ^u x4  ,he w be judg$1      
h[ev]1 z sev]ely z he judges1 by ^?  :o 
h plac$ him ^u ! little p$e/al f :i* he 
looks  d[n4 ,p are anxi\s to "k :e!r 9 8
 old age he ought  to be de?ron$4       
,naturally ( a s]i\s & taciturn m9d1    
hav+  be5 buri$ f 8 y\? amid ! works ( !
 mo/ sombre &  gloomy ( ,g]many's       
!oriz]s1 & giv5 ev] to solitude &       

m$itation1 x 0 n surpris+ t 8 writ+s ev]
  display$ excessive bitt]ness1 & a     
di/ru/ ( human nature  m ?an ,calv9i/ic2
 b1 :5 we he>d t1 9 ! good old  age to  
:i* ,provid5ce _h br\ght him1 he _h     
writt5 8 ideas  ^u ! pres5t /ate (      
society1 we expect$ to f9d a little  m (
 k9dness & ( love ( tru? ?an _h be5     
display$ by  ,diog5es ,teufelsdrckh1 !  
,great ,c5sor ( ! ,age4 ,we mu/  reg>d  
,%oot+ ,niag>a z ! rsum ( !  ?\ghts (   
,c>lyle's life4 ,com+ out ( 8 solitude1 
z he  tells u1 to grapple ) ! problem ( 
:i!r democracy is  drift+1 & realiz+1 z 
he does1 t x is n always !  "p ( !      
inf9itesimally small m9ority ( wise m5 &
 good  citiz5s to be1 sil5t1 we expect$1
 9 spite ( 8 mode/y1 to  meet some?+    
int]e/+ & pr(itable4 ,int]e/$ we h  be51
 & s w\ld we be at see+ ! convulsions ( 
a %>k  br\ght to grief ^u ! /r&4 ,! only
 pr(it we h  receiv$ is ! k ( h[        
mis]ably small prejudice c  make a great
 m9d4 ,9 ! pres5t pap] ,c>lyle has us$  
to  p]fection 787 t curi\s /yle = :i* he

 has enjoy$  celebrity among _m--a      
celebrity obta9$ pretty mu* l t  ( c]ta9
 metaphysicians1 ^: obscurity makes "s  
give !m  cr$it = pr(undity4 ,z ( two    
op9ions ,c>lyle always *ooses  ! m      
un*>itable1 s1 ( two ways ( express+ an 
idea1 he  inv>iably adopts ! m obscure1 
intricate1 & v]bose4 ,9  our endeavor to
 illu/rate 8 position1 we h be5 oblig$  
to  select 8 m pla9 & simple passages1 )
 a sacrifice v  (t5 to ! /r5g? ( our own
 op9ions1 :i* w\ld h be5  mat]ially     
increas$ _h we wi%$ to try ! pati5ce (  
our  read]s4    #hg    ,p>agraph ,no4 #a
 is devot$ to a k9d ( cl\d+ ov] ( !     
subject matt]1 9 anticipation ( !       
,c>lylian ?und] to  foll[4 ,we c see1   
h[ev]1 t !re are ?ree altoge!r new  & v 
consid]able a*ievem5ts ly+ ahead ( u2 & 
!  fir/ is1 t ,democracy is to complete 
itself1 & run on till  ea* man is free  
to foll[ 8 own nose1 by way ( guide-po/1
  9 ?is intricate _w4 ,if ! l5g? ( a    
man's nose indicates  correct p]ception1
 & an ord9>y p[] ( sep>at+ :eat  f *aff1

 !n1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,c>lyle's nose may be a  
po/1 x  mu/ be a v small "o4 ,! second  
a*ievem5t is !  deliquesc5ce & f9al     
evaporation ( all religions4 ,su* an    
a*ievem5t w\ld be wond]ful1 b h[ x c be 
t]rible to  ,mr4 ,c>lyle we d n "k2 = he
 c h no conc]n ab\t  future damnation1  
hav+ be5 born1 x w\ld seem1 )\t a  s\l4 
,! ?ird a*ievem5t is1 t ev]ybody %all   
/>t  free1 & ev]y:]e "u enlight5$ popul>
 suffrage4 ,! race  %all be to ! swift1 
& ! high (fice %all fall to him :o  is  
able/1 if n to d x1 at lea/ to get      
elect$ = do+  x4    ,?is is ! a*ievem5t4
 ,( all ! cuts :i* !  presci5t g5ius (  
,c>lyle has dealt 8 gu%+ he>t1 ?is is  !
 unk9de/ cut ( all4 ,h9c ^? te>s1 h9c   
^? ?und]s1 h9c all t foll[s4 ,) !       
exception  ( a few hundr$ unimportant   
digressions1 ! sla%+ ( ^!  a*ievem5ts is
 ! object ( ,c>lyle's endeavor4    ,!   
comm5cem5t ( p>agraph two is *>act]i/ic 
( ,mr4  ,c>lyle1 :o nev] omits a *ance (
 %[+ a k (  classic lore4 ,he fl+s at   
once into y\r face ! t]rible  ,anton9us 

) ! cry1 ,:o %all *ange ! op9ion ( ^!   
p8 ,! quot$ prophecy 0 c]ta9ly ,greek to
 ,mr4 ,c>lyle1  z he ?9ks x proves t    
:at1 individually tak51 is !  human face
 div9e becomes1 :5 collectively reg>d$1 
a *eese2  & t1 :5 ! human head is reg>d$
 9 ! masses1 x has  ab\t z mu* intellect
 z a cocoanut4 ,9 "s ( 8 p>agraphs  he  
tries to prove a po9t or s1 b 9 ?is "o  
he pla9ly %[s  t he _c *ange ! op9ion ( 
! masses1 errone\s ?\gh  x be4 ,he      
ass]ts t delusions seize :ole           
communities )\t  any basis = _! notions2
 he w n admit ! possibility (  !re be+  
ev5 a false "o4 ,he ass]ts t ! _w       
rev]b]ates ) ideas eag]ly made 8 own by 
ea* individual1  & affects to believe t 
! orig9al propagator _h no  argum5ts to 
en=ce _! adoption2 nay1 he seems to     
ignore !  exi/5ce ( ! fir/ prop\nd]1 &  
to admit t ?\ghts  are1 l *ol]a or any  
o!r pe/1 inhal$ ) ! air4 ,to be  sure1 z
 ?\gh he felt ! absurdity ( 8 position1 
he inv5ts  a sw>m]y !ory1 9 :i* he      
cont5ds t ideas get  into ! masses by   

means ( "s commonplace1 /upid bee1 :o   
gets inflat$ into bulk1 & =ms a sw>m    
m]ely on acc\nt (  8 bulk4 ,b he =gets t
 ! bulk ( 8 specim5-bees1  ,cleon !     
,tann] & ,john ( ,leyd51 01 9 ! fir/    
case1 !  flatt]y p\r$ ^u ! p1 &1 9 !    
second1 a religi\s  fanaticism bas$ ^u  
well-def9$ ?\gh errone\s gr\nds4 ,two   
bett] specim5-bees = a sw>m]y !ory c\ld 
n h  be5 select$ ?an ! ,a!nian g5]al & !
 fi]ce  anabapti/2 b 9 nei!r case did ! 
p sw>m unless =  :at !y reg>d$ z honey4 
,to say ! p may err is to say  !y are n 
,god2 b to cont5d t !y are ins5sible to 
argum5t is worse ?an fooli%4 ,7 ! labor+
 classes (  ,engl& :om ,c>lyle s sev]ely
 b]ates b s _m  sw>m]ies1 he w\ld be    
dr[n$ 9 a horse-pond2 b z  8 !ory is    
false1 he w live a little long]--a      
specim5 (  pro/itut$ intellect &        
self-cru%$ humanity su* z _m (  8 s*ool 
h already pres5t$ = ! firm] conviction (
  _! oppon5ts4  #hh  ,mr4 ,c>lyle ?9ks  
our late w> 0 ! notable/ result (       
sw>m]y4 ,he calls ! nigg] "q "o ( !     

smalle/  ess5tially1 & says t !         
,almighty ,mak] has made him 7!  negro7 
a s]vant4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ ( ^! two   
op9ions1 ! mass ( humanity disagree ) ! 
p]ceptive  ,?omas2 z = ! second1 n hav+ 
be5 pres5t :5 !  ord9ance 0 promulgat$1 
we _c d5y t possibly ,mr4  ,c>lyle kn[s 
m ( ! matt] ?an we d4 ,b1 :5 we are     
told t1 "u p5alty ( ,heav5's curse1     
nei!r p>ty to  ?is preappo9tm5t %all    
neglect or misdo 8 duties  !re9--& x is 
c]ta9 t s]vant%ip on ! nomadic          
pr9ciple1 at ! rate ( s _m %ill+s a day1
 _c  be o!r ?an misdone--we ?ank        
,provid5ce t all arm$ m5  are n         
,c>lyles4 ,take away ! "r ( ! labor] to 
leave 8  ma/] :5 he feels he c bett]    
himself1 & ! e>? w\ld  become a         
p&emonium4 ,le/ 8 position may be mi/ak5
 ,mr4  ,c>lyle tells u t ! relation     
betwe5 ma/] & s]vant  mu/ become l      
w$lock1 :i* 0 once nomadic1 b is n[     
p]man5t4 ,to refute su* philosophy w\ld 
be to notice !  rav+s ( a madman4 ,9    
comm5t+ ^u ! ,re=m movem5t1 ,mr4        

,c>lyle k9dly devotes a long passage to 
prove = u t  fre$om does n mean lib]ty  
to s91 & !n in=ms !  ,engli% nation t   
ea* privilege x has wrung f !  mon>*y1  
ea* ext5sion ( ! suffrage1 0 a /rap     
unti$ f  ! body ( ! devil1 s t ! devil  
is n[ an emancipat$  g5tleman4 ,hav+ ?us
 %[n t to really tie up 8 satanic       
maje/y = ! adv5t ( ! mill5nium we mu/ g 
back to !  good1 innoc5t days ( ,assu]us
 & ,nabu*odonosor1 or1 at lea/1  to !   
pure times ( ,caligula1 ,mr4 ,c>lyle    
op5s 8 ?ird  p>agraph4    ,we meet )    
some?+ refre%+ "h4 ,al?\gh ! ext5sion ( 
! fran*ise is s evid5tly no?+ b a call+ 
9 ( new  supplies ( blockheadism1       
gullibility1 etc41 t ,mr4 ,c>lyle  ?9ks 
8 oppon5ts to be m5 ( f9i%$ (f & %ut up 
intellect1 ) :om he w\ld n argue1 he    
feels a malici\s  & ju/ice-joy 9 ! fact 
( ,engl&'s be+ ab\t to  take !          
,niag>a-leap1 &1 aft] "s f]oci\s        
exp]i5ce (  ! horrors ( democracy1 hav+ 
a *ance to come up wa%$ (  h] hypocrisy1
 ! devil's pickle 9 :i* %e has be5 /eep$

  = two hundr$ ye>s1 & ?us to %[ h]self 
reg5]at$ &  ready = heav54 ,! desp]ate  
philosoph] mu/ h be5  rem9d$ at ?is po9t
 t mo/ :o %oot ,niag>a get sma%$1  &    
don't come up reg5]at$ or unreg5]at$2 = 
he runs out  ( 8 way to give a h[l at h]
 maje/y's m9i/ry = n  hav+ rew>d$       
,gov]nor ,eyre1 & !n /ops to dabble a   
little  m 9 ,engl&'s hypocrisy1 :i* he  
calls ! devil's  *oice/ elixir4 ,we fe> 
y misname t curi\s br9e1 ,mr4  ,c>lyle4 
,y h be5 dr9k+ ( x1 & y\r language is   
un*oice & simply disgu/+4 ,hav+ tak5 a  
lesson 9  descriptive geography1 ,mr4   
,c>lyle n[ op5s 8 f\r?  p>agraph1 ready 
= ! consequ5ces ( a trip ov] ! falls4   
,f plebs to pr9ceps !re is no class     
intr9sically s  valuable & recomm5dable 
z ari/ocracy2 & x is to ?is  body (     
brave m5 & beautiful polite wom5 t ,mr4 
,c>lyle  looks ) implor+1 half-despair+ 
eyes = ! creation ( a  new & bett]      
,engl& aft] ! inevitable immortal sma% (
  ! pres5t4  #hi  ,he ?9ks t1 9 !       
sma%-up ( all ?+s ,engli%1 ?is class  w 

be alone unsma%$1 because no o!r class  
dislikes x3  !y are look$ up to ) a     
vulg>ly human admiration1 & a           
spontane\s recognition ( _! good        
qualities & good  =tune4 ,we are glad to
 h f\nd "o idea ^u :i* we c  agree )    
,mr4 ,c>lyle4 ,we believe t1 ( all !    
peoples (  ,europe1 ! ,engli% w be ! la/
 to ass]t ! pr9ciple (  political       
equality4 ,great & influ5tial m5 are    
cont5d+ =  its actuation1 & p[]ful      
j\rnals are l5d+ x _! aid1  b _!        
influ5ce is 9 reality felt m ^u !       
,cont95t  ?an 9 ,engl& h]self4 ,x may be
 ow+ to ! degrad+  ignorance to :i* !   
masses h be5 r$uc$1 & x may n2  b1 )    
reg>d to _! love ( ari/ocracy1 ! same   
may be  said z ,mr4 ,c>lyle says1 ?\gh  
unju/ly1 p]haps1 ( ,engl&'s  hypocrisy1 
!y are saturat$ ) x to ! bone4 ,mr4     
,c>lyle  accuses1 9 mo/ virul5t t]ms1 ! 
v>ni%+ proclivities (  8 c\ntrym51 :o1 9
 spite ( ! agitation ( c5turies1 he     
?9ks1 nev] really rebuild or ev5 repair4
 ,b 8 go+ to !  root ( ! evil w\ld be   

some:at av]se to our poor ideas (       
propriety1 if we may judge by 8 devil's 
/rap !ory4 ,yet no  "o c d5y t ,engli%  
politicians1 :e!r tory or lib]al1  are  
almo/ univ]sally v>ni%]s4 ,9 ! v>i\s    
/ruggles =  asc5d5cy = :i* re=m has be5 
! pretext1 v (t5 !  conqu]+ p[] has gone
 back ( its =m] pr9ciples1 & be5  utt]ly
 av]se to any ext5sion ( ! rights ( !   
masses4 ,9  ^? cases :]e ?r\gh          
intimidation1 su* z 9 ! pres5t  re=m    
bill1 an ext5sion ( ! fran*ise has be5  
grant$1 x  has be5 m]ely a dim9ution ( !
 am\nt ( prop]ty necess>y  z            
qualification4 ,tories & lib]als alike  
recognize !  pr9ciple ( di/9ction2 !y   
b]ate ea* o!r m]ely z to its  ext5t4 ,x 
is n unlikely t1 aft] a few m re=m bills
  h pass$1 !re w be "o put ?r\gh1 mak+  
twop5ce !  price ( ! privilege ( vot+2  
nor is x at all probable  t ! few fri5ds
 ( manhood suffrage w ev] 9 _!  lifetime
 see _! !ory 9 practice on ,engli% soil4
 ,?\gh we  agree1 h[ev]1 ) ,mr4 ,c>lyle 
9 ?is "o fact1 we _c  believe ) him t to

 ! ari/ocracy ( ,engl& or t (  any o!r  
l& is exclusively confid$ by ,god & by  
reason a  c\ntry-sav+ mission4 ,if !    
sell+ ( "o's c\ntry to !  =eign]s1 or ! 
betrayal & robb]y ( "o's vassals1       
con/itute1 su* a mission1 !n ! almo/    
con/ant hi/ory (  ,italy1 ,irel&1 &     
,pol& w yet set up a new *oir (         
cele/ial spirits crme de la crme4 ,:5   
,bulw] inv5t$1  9 8 ,/range ,/ory1 a man
 compos$ ( body & m9d1  )\t s\l1 p      
laugh$--ev5 ^? :o admir$  ,*ateaubri&'s 
idea ( man's be+ con/itut$ ( body1 s\l1 
& bte4 ,!y 7 wrong1 = ,bulw] has talk$ )
  ,c>lyle4 ,b1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,c>lyle may h  
no s\l1 he has n  entirely lo/ 8 reason1
 little ?\gh !re seems to be ( x        
ex]cis$ by him4 ,z if he realiz$ t 8    
bl9d &  unscrupul\s devotion to titl$   
ari/ocracy w\ld be  ridicul$ by all     
outside ( 8 ipse dixit cr[d (           
philosophical pigmies1 he beats a       
half-retreat ) ! dismal  & :at if !     
titl$ ,ari/ocracy fail u8 ,b *>ge  aga91
 ,c>lyle6 ,ab\t face we h him z quick z 

lightn+4 ,to  be sure1 ! masses1 )      
:atev] cry ( 'lib]ty' 9 _!  m\?s1 are   
inexorably m>k$ by de/9y z slaves2 b  to
 save ,engl& aft] h] immortal sma%1 :5  
titles fail1 %e  w yet rely ^u !        
unclass$ ari/ocracy by nature1 n        
inconsid]able 9 numb]s1 & supreme 9     
faculty1 9 wisdom1  human tal5t1        
nobl5ess1 & c\rage1 ':o d]ive _! pat5t (
  nobility direct f ,almighty ,god4'    
#ij    ,=give u1 sweet ,?omas6 ',tis    
true t ?is s\nds1 aft] y\r  la/ few     
rem>ks1 l ! decl>ation ( "o :o1 on f9d+ 
x  impossible to cross ! ,atlantic ^u a 
donkey cries out t  he'll try a /eam%ip2
 b yet =give u = ! pa/--!re is  ab\t ?is
 latt] spee* a r+ ( g5u9e metal4 ',tis  
ability  & c\rage1 & n blood & rank1 y  
dep5d ^u8 ,alas6 our  hopes h vani%$4 ,!
 man ( ability1 ( innate wor?1 is (  "s 
avail1 b he is n fit to rule until !    
blood  comes 94 ,he mu/ become absorb$  
into ! good old /ock2  ,orson mu/ be    
,val5t9iz$4 ,/ill ! cry1 ,blood  is     
blood4 ,( ! indu/rial h]o1 ,c>lyle's    

ari/ocrat by  nature1 a                 
transmogrification mu/ take place ere he
 c we> !  cr[n or wield ! baton1 & !    
*ange is--new blood = 8  *ildr51 & =    
himself a new alliance4 ,if 8 *ivalry is
  /ill some:at 9 ! ,orson =m1 he is     
already1 by  int]m>riage & o!rwise1 com+
 into contact ) !  ari/ocracy by title2 
& by degrees w acquire ! fit            
,val5t9ism1 & o!r m important advantages
 !re4 ,he  _c d bett] ?an unite ) ?is   
naturally noble ari/ocracy  by title2 ! 
indu/rial noble & ?is "o are bro!rs     
born1  call$ & impell$ to coop]ate & g  
toge!r4 ,! /ate  _c be sav$ unless by   
ari/ocracy ( blood4 ,ev5 :5 x           
condesc5ds to avail itself ( ! en]gies (
 ! plebeian1 x  mu/ take t plebeian out 
f ! ?rong ( bruti%  hobnails1 & make (  
him a titl$ ari/ocrat4 ,only ?is &  no?+
 m is ,c>lyle's idea4 ,ev5 ?\gh !       
collection (  titl$ rul]s become        
emasculat$ = all good1 & = exi/5ce  are 
=c$ to recruit _! ranks f ! vulg> cr[d1 
ea*  conscript ,orson mu/ n only come "u

 ! polite  influ5ce ( ,val5t9e1 b mu/   
acquire ! o!r m  important advantages   
f\nd 9 8 society4 ,if ,val5t9ism  is    
necess>y1 & ! titl$ g5try are already   
possess$ ( !  m important advantages1 :y
 n use a born  ,val5t9e8 ,! tru? is1 t  
,mr4 ,c>lyle reg>ds  ari/ocracy v mu* z 
we w\ld a man1 & ! vulgus  v mu* z we   
w\ld meat or turnips4 ,man /&s fir/ 9 ! 
ord] ( mundane creation2 b he requires  
nutrim5t1 & s eats  meat & turnips1     
absorbs !m into 8 blood1 becomes /rong]1
  b rema9s /ill a man1 "l ( creation1   
meat & turnips  includ$4 ,z meat &      
turnips play _! allott$ "p 9  relation  
to man1 s has ! plebs its task assign$  
precisely = ! b5efit ( ari/ocracy4      
,heav5 has plac$ !  irrevocable seal (  
slav]y ^u ! nigg]1 & :oev]  int]f]es to 
remove t seal is z guilty ( sacrilege z 
?\gh he robb$ ! alt> ( its victim4 ,z = 
! :ite  nigg]1 ! sy/em ( nomadic        
s]vant%ip by means ( :i*  he is n a real
 ,nigg] is a misde$1 &--oh6 li/51       
hi/ory6 nev] 01 & nev] w be possible1   

except = brief  p]iods1 among human     
creatures4 ,to ! e/abli%m5t ( ^!  canons
 ( 8 social sy/em1 ,mr4 ,c>lyle devotes 
! great] "p  ( 8 essay--8 f\r?1 fif?1 & 
six? p>agraphs1 & "p  ( ! sev5?4 ,:5    
,engl& %all h %ot ,niag>a1 !re=e1  h]   
titl$ ari/ocracy is to recreate h]1 & ! 
process is to  be ! r5d]+ p]man5t !     
relation betwe5 ma/] &  s]vant2 !n w !  
devil be aga9 ti$ up1 & !n w come  !    
mill5nium4  #ia  ,well does ,mr4 ,c>lyle
 obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t x w be a long  "t be=e
 ! fool ( a _w op5s its eyes to !       
tap-root  ( its evils1 & t1 :5 x has    
discov]$ x1 :at a  puddl+1 & scold+1 &  
j>gon+ !re w be be=e !  fir/ real /ep   
t[>d rem$y is tak56    ,mr4 ,c>lyle's   
sev5? p>agraph is tak5 up ) "s pretty   
s\nd advice ^u dome/ic economy1         
especially ^u ! *eap  & na/y t5d5cy ( ! 
times1 :i* leads u to be too (t5        
cont5t$ ) appe>ances in/ead ( realities4
 ,8 rem>ks ^u  ! inf]iority ( ! ,london 
brick ( mod]n make are practical1  b !  
moral he draws ab\t ! necessity (       

rebuild+ ,engl&  at once & prop]ly is   
mu* m s4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 =  humanity 
t ^? ,engli%m5 :o wi% to rebuild h] h a 
diff]5t sy/em ( philosophy f t ,mr4     
,c>lyle advocates at  pres5t4 ,x is     
well1 also1 = humanity t1 :ile x is n   
impossible t an exp]i5c$ drill-s]geant1 
su* z he  pres5ts 9 8 conclud+ p>agraph 
z a rem$y = our  insubord9ation 9 all   
matt]s1 w\ld be a bless+1 x is well  t  
heav5 has n giv5 him ! baton4 ,mr4      
,c>lyle gave to !  _w 9 #ahdj 8 entire  
political sy/em 9 8 ,h]o  ,wor%ip1 & x  
is ! same sub/antially 9 8 pres5t       
essay4 ,!n he told u t to h]oes alone   
belong$ ! "r to  gov]n society1 & t !   
duty ( society 0 to discov]  ^!         
provid5tial be+s & to bl9dly obey !m4   
,cromwell &  ,napoleon he pres5t$ z     
types ( ?is h]oism4 ,by 8 _m  allusions 
to ,oliv] 9 8 pres5t essay & 8 two      
entire  p>agraphs ^u 8 ,indu/rial & 8   
,practical ,h]o1 we see  t he has n yet 
realiz$ t ! v necessity ( mak+  & foll[+
 h]oes proves ! /ill great] necessity ( 

rais+ p to a high] appreciation ( !     
dignity ( _!  manhood4 ,c\ld ! devil's  
/rap !ory be actuat$1 !re  w\ld be 9 !  
/ate a h]o1 b he w\ld only be great     
because  8 p 7 contemptible4 ,al?\gh    
,mr4 ,c>lyle promis$ to  say some?+ ab\t
 ! second a*ievem5t ( democracy1        
namely1 ! gradual deliquesc5ce & f9al   
evaporation ( all  religions "u its     
baneful influ5ce1 he says no?+ :atev]   
ab\t ,god or religion4 ,8 illib]ality1  
bitt]ness1 & love (  tyranny make u     
suspect t 9 8 he>t !re dwells b little  
love = t :i* _c b be lib]al1 k9d1 &     
respectful  to ! rights ( man4 ,inde$1  
"o f9ds 9 ?is essay an  und]curr5t ( !  
same nature z ! _s %[n 9 ,c>lyle's      
works ( middle-life1 especially 9 8     
,latt]-day  ,pamphlets1 namely1         
individualism1 rais$ to ! dignity ( a   
pr9ciple ( morality & ( a "o only rule =
 ! safety (  mank9d4    ,mo/ m5 h an    
ideal ( _! own ( ! beautiful 9 bo? !    
ae/hetic & ! e?ical ord]4 ,_m m5 ( ?\ght
 h =m$  to !mselves an ideal ( a happy &

 prosp]\s c\ntry1 ( a  wise & b5efic5t  
gov]nm5t1 & s has ,mr4 ,c>lyle4 ,an     
ideal  is always a key to ! work+s ( !  
bra9 & to !  aspirations ( ! he>t4 ,mr4 
,c>lyle's accords precisely )  :at we c 
ga!r ( bo? 9 8 pres5t z well z mo/ all 8
  o!r writ+s4 ,9 giv+ x to ! public1 he 
puts 8 seal ^u  all 8 philosophical     
speculations1 & %[s 8 oppon5ts t  he is 
game to ! end4 ,x is 8 ,la g>de meurt1  
mais ne se  r5d pas4 ,= ! e/abli%m5t ( 8
 ,utopia1 he sails to  ! ,we/ ,indies 9 
company ) a y\ng] son ( a duke1 ( an    
e>l1 or ( ! que5 h]self4 ,he keeps %y ( 
,jamaica1 7&  well he may17 & goes to   
,dom9ica1 an isl& :i* is a sight  to    
k9dle a h]oic "y he>t4  #ib  ,he gets   
gr&ly pa!tic1 & describes ,dom9ica z    
inv]t$  wa%-b[l2 its rim = tw5ty miles  
up f ! sea is f9e  alluvium1 ?\gh       
un:olesome = all except nigg]s kept     
/eadily at "w2 its upp] portion is      
salubri\s = !  ,europeans1 ( :om he puts
 to dwell #ajj1jjj1 :o are to keep      
/eadily at _! "w a million nigg]s on !  

l[] ranges4 ,he  pulls up ! cannon :i*  
are n[ go+ to honeycomb & oxide (  iron 
9 ! jungle1 & plants !m firmly on ! upp]
 l& to  gu>d 8 nigg]s & keep (f !       
sacrilegi\s invad]4 ,)  te>s ( m+l$ joy 
& regret he cries1 ,:at a k+dom my poor 
,fr$]ick ,william1 foll[$ by 8 ,fr$]ick1
 w\ld h made (  ?is inv]t$ wa%-b[l2     
clasp$ r\nd & lov+ly kiss$ &  lav$ by ! 
beautifule/ seas 9 ! _w1 & be%one  by ! 
gr&e/ sun & sky6 ,?is1 !n1 is ! end =   
:i*  ,c>lyle has liv$ sev5ty-two ye>s2  
?is is :at he has le>n$  by fifty ye>s' 
/udy ( hi/ory & political economy6 ,?ree
  wise m5 ( ,go?am once w5t to sea 9 a  
tub & came to grief  !re94 ,c>lyle might
 imitate _! example1 &1 bidd+ adieu  to 
! bruti% hobnails :om he is p[]less to  
reg5]ate1 g  out z f> z he w\ld3 he c\ld
 nev] be s mu* at sea z he  0 :5 he p5n$
 ?is rem>kable essay4    --------       
,say+s ,( ,! ,fa!rs ,( ,! ,des]t4       
,abbot ,alois said3 ,unless a man say 9 
8 he>t1 ',only ,god & ,i  are 9 ?is _w1'
 he w n f9d re/4      ,abbot ,hyp]*ius  

said3 ,he is really wise :o tea*es o!rs 
by  8 de$s1 & n by 8 words4      ,abbot 
,moses said3 ,:5 ! h& ( ! ,"l slew !    
fir/-born  ( ,egypt1 !re 0 no h\se 9 t  
l& 9 :i* !re lay n  "o dead4    ,a bro!r
 ask$ him3 ,:at does ?is mean8    ,!    
fa!r answ]$3 ,if we look at our own s9s1
 we w n see  ! s9s ( o!rs4 ,x is        
fooli%ness = a man hav+ a corpse  9 8   
own h\se to leave x & g to weep ov] t ( 
8  neighbor4      ,abbot ,m>cus said to 
,abbot ,ars5ius3 ,:y d y avoid u8    ,he
 answ]$3 ,god kn[s ,i love y1 b ,i _c be
 ) ,god &  ) m54    --------    #ic     
,an ,old ,guide to ,good ,mann]s4       
,9 ! fir/ numb] ( ,! ,ca?olic ,_w we    
gave our  read]s "s acc\nt ( ! great    
,*ri/ian s*ool ( ,alex&ria  9 ! "t ( ,/4
 ,clem5t1 ! philosoph]4 ,! article1     
borr[$ f ,! ,dubl9 ,review1 sket*$ !    
corrupt1  luxuri\s1 & effem9ate society 
( ! ,egyptian  metropolis--t gay1 bu/l+1
 frivol\s city :i* 0 to !  old ,ea/]n _w
 :at ,p>is n[ is to ! cont95t (         
,europe--& %[$ h[ ,/4 ,clem5t ?\ght x   

well wor? 8  :ile to sp>e an occasional 
h\r f ! discussions (  philosophy &     
dogma1 & ! def9ition ( a code ( ,*ri/ian
  e?ics1 to rebuke ! sc&al\s luxury (   
d&ies &  g\rm&s1 & ! follies (          
fa%ionable ladies4 ,x w\ld  h be5 b a   
meagre code ( e?ics1 inde$1 :i* _h      
ov]look$ ! busy trifles t made up s mu* 
( ! life (  ,alex&rian g5tlefolks4 ,!   
tea*] :o w\ld =m a bett]  s*ool (       
morality c\ld n conf9e himself to ! *ur*
 &  ! m>ket-place4 ,he mu/ ent] ! ba? & 
! banquet-hall1  ! %ops ( ! silk m]*ant1
 ! jewell]1 & ! p]fum]4  ,he mu/ t\* )  
%>p h& little ?+s :i* are only          
fooli%ness to u1 b1 to ! pagan society (
 ,egypt1 made up a  l>ge "p ( ! sum (   
human exi/5ce4 ,all ?is ,/4 ,clem5t     
did1 & ! sub/ance1 if n ! words1 ( 8    
directions to  ! flock has come d[n to u
 9 ! pages ( 8  ,in/ructor4    ,x is a  
curi\s picture :i* he gives u (         
,alex&rian mann]s2  b we "q1 aft] all1  
if mu* ( :at he says w n  apply pretty  
well to our own day4 ,he beg9s ) ! diet4

 ,?is1  he rem>ks1 ought to be simple1  
truly pla91 suit+ precisely  simple &   
artless *ildr54 ,he _h no fai? 9 !      
fatt5+ (  m5 z "o fatt5s hogs & turkeys4
 ,if he _h liv$ 9 ! days  ( prize-fights
 & r[+-mat*es1 he w\ld h inveigh$  aga9/
 ! processes ( tra9+1 & look$ ) no favor
  ^u a bruis] or a boatman gett+ himself
 into condition )  raw beef-/eaks &     
pr(use sweat+4 ,gr[?1 & heal?1 &  "r    
/r5g?1 says ! v5]able fa!r1 come (      
lightness (  body & a good dige/ion2 he 
w h none ( ! /r5g?  t is wrong or       
dang]\s1 & wret*$1 z is t ( a?letes1    
produc$ by compulsory fe$+4 ,cook]y is  
an unhappy art1 &  t ( mak+ pa/ry is a  
useless "o4 ,he po9ts ! f+] (  scorn at 
! gluttons :o are n a%am$ to s+ !       
praises (  _! delicacies1 & 91 _! gre$ &
 solicitude seem  absolutely to sweep ! 
_w ) a drag-net to gratify _!  luxuri\s 
ta/es4 ,!y give !mselves great tr\ble to
 get  lampreys 9 ! /raits ( ,sicily1 !  
eels ( ! ,me&]1 &  ! kids f\nd 9 ,melos1
 & ! mullets 9 ,scia?us1 & !  muscles ( 

,pelorus1 ! oy/]s ( ,abydos1 n omitt+ ! 
sprats f\nd 9 ,lip>a1 & ! ,mant9ican    
turnip2 &1  fur!rmore1 ! beet-root t    
gr[s among ! ,ascraeans2 !y  seek out ! 
cockles ( ,me?ymna1 ! turbots ( ,attica1
 & !  ?ru%es ( ,daphnis1 & ! r$di%-br[n 
dri$ figs1 on acc\nt  ( :i* ! ill-/>r$  
,p]sian m>*$ into ,greece ) five  hundr$
 ?\s& m54  #id  ,besides ^! !y pur*ase  
birds f ,phasis1 ! ,egyptian  snipes1 & 
! ,m$ian pea-f[l4 ,alt]+ ^! by means (  
condim5ts1 ! gluttons gape = ! sauces2 &
 !y we> away  _! :ole life at ! pe/le & 
mort>1 surr\nd$ ) !  s\nd ( hiss+       
fry+-pans4 ,d we n feel a little a%am$  
at  read+ ?is8 ,are we s mu* bett] ?an !
 gluttons ( ,egypt8  ,!y s5t to ,abydos 
= _! oy/]s1 & we export !  %ell-fi% (   
,norfolk & ,saddle ,rock to all p>ts ( !
  c\ntry4 ,if !y ye>n$ = snipe1 s d we4 
,if !y _h a  hank]+ aft] eel pot-pies1  
pray1 is ! ta/e unkn[n to  ourselves8 ,0
 ! ,m$ian pea-f[l1 we wond]1 a m co/ly  
luxury ?an woodcock1 or ! ,sicilian     
lamprey worse ?an ,spani%  mack]el8     

,p]haps we d n q sweep ! _w ) a         
drag-net2 b t is only because we %\ld   
ga9 no?+ by x4  ,we may n ransack ! f\r 
qu>t]s ( ! globe = unkn[n  vi&s2 b we   
lay di/ant climes & f>-(f ye>s1 "u      
contribution to furni% u ) r>e & lusci\s
 w9es4 ,! good  sa9t1 _h he liv$ 9 !    
n9ete5? c5tury1 w\ld h  delight$ 9      
,graham bread2 = he blames 8 c\ntrym5 = 
emasculat+ _! bread by /ra9+ (f ! n\ri%+
 "p (  ! gra94 ,he inveighs aga9/       
sweetmeats1 & honey-cakes1 &            
sug>-plums1 & a multitude ( dess]ts1 &  
supp]s :]e  !re is naught b pots & p\r+ 
( sauce1 & dr9k1 &  delicacies1 & smoke 
,! smoke to :i* he alludes is  und\bt$ly
 ! fume ( ! hiss+ fry+-pans1 b x almo/  
seems z if he 7 describ+ a mod]n c>\se )
 pun* &  tobacco4 ,! prop]e/ articles ( 
food are ^? :i* are fit  = imm$iate use 
)\t fire4 ,! apo/le ,mat!w ate se$s1  & 
nuts1 & vegetables1 )\t fle%2 & ,/4     
,john !  ,bapti/1 :o c>ri$ temp]ance to 
! extreme1 ate locu/s &  wild honey4 ,/4
 ,clem5t does n give u 8 au?ority = !   

/atem5t reg>d+ ,/4 ,mat!w's diet2 nor1 x
 may be object$1  is !re any evid5ce t !
 ,bapti/ did n cook 8 locu/s  be=e he f$
 ^u !m4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ea/1 :]e locu/s 
are /ill reg>d$ z a delicacy1 !y are    
prep>$ = ! table  by pull+ (f ! legs &  
w+s1 & fry+ ! bodies 9 oil4  ,b         
,clem5t's object 0 n s mu* to prescribe 
a bill ( f>e  z to tea* m5 ( glutton\s  
proclivities h[ to emancipate  !mselves 
f ! ?raldom ( t mo/ lick]i% demon1 :om  
he calls ! ,belly-demon1 & ! wor/ & mo/ 
ab&on$ (  demons4 ,fir/ ( all1 we mu/   
gu>d aga9/ ^? articles (  food :i*      
p]suade u to eat :5 we are n hungry1    
bewit*+  ! appetite4 7,h[ he w\ld h     
%udd]$ at a mod]n gr&  d9n]1 )          
%]ry-&-bitt]s fir/ to :et ! palate2 !n  
?ree or f\r raw oy/]s1 j to give a reli%
 to ! s\p1 !  fi%1 & ! entres2 & 9 !    
middle ( ! repa/ a  %]bet1 or a ,roman  
pun*1 to wipe out ! ta/e ( all t _h     
gone be=e1 & give /r5g? = a few m c\rses
 ( meat67  ,!n1 be+ naturally hungry1 he
 says2 let u eat ! simple/  k9d ( food2 

bulbs1 7we hope he does n mean onions17 
olives1 c]ta9 h]bs1 milk1 *eese1 fruits1
 all k9ds ( cook$  food )\t sauces1 &1  
if we mu/ h fle%1 let x be roa/  r ?an  
boil$4    ,w9e1 ( c\rse1 ought to be    
tak5 9 mod]ation1 if x is tak5  at all2 
& x is well to mix x always ) wat]1 & n 
to  dr9k x dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 :5 !    
blood is already  w>m en\gh1 b to wait  
until ! cool ( ! ev5+4  #ie  ,ev5 wat]1 
h[ev]1 mu/ be drunk sp>+ly1 s t ! food  
may n be dr[n$1 b gr\nd d[n 9 ord] to   
dige/ion4 ,:at  a disgu/+ picture ! holy
 philosoph] draws ( ^?  mis]able wret*es
 ^: life is no?+ b revel1 debau*]y1     
ba?1 excess1 idl5ess1 dr9k6 ,y may see  
"s ( !m1  half-drunk1 /agg]+1 ) cr[ns   
r\nd _! necks l  w9e-j>s1 vomit+ dr9k on
 "o ano!r 9 ! "n (  good-fell[%ip2 &    
o!rs1 full ( ! effects ( _!  debau*1    
dirty1 pale 9 ! face1 & /ill1 above     
ye/]day's  b\t1 p\r+ ano!r b\t to la/   
till next morn+4 ,moreov]1  he entirely 
disapproves ( import+ w9es4 ,if "o mu/  
dr9k1  ! product ( "o's native v9es     

ought to suffice4 ,!re are  ! fragrant  
,?asian w9e1 & ! pleasant-brea?+        
,lesbian1  & a sweet ,cretan w9e1 &     
sweet ,syracusan w9e1 & ,m$usian  &     
,egyptian w9e1 & ! insul> ,naxian1 !    
highly p]fum$  & flavor$1 ano!r w9e ( ! 
l& ( ,italy4 ,^! are _m  names1 b = !   
temp]ate dr9k] "o w9e suffices4    ,/4  
,clem5t conc]ns himself n only ) :at p  
ought to  eat & dr9k1 b ) h[ !y ought to
 eat & dr9k x4 ,!  *ief ?+ necess>y at  
table is temp]ance2 ! next is good      
mann]s4 ,we rememb] to h _h ! pleasure &
 pr(it (  read+ once a mod]n h&-book (  
etiquette :i* ab\nd$ 9  ! mo/ amaz+     
in/ructions = g5tlem5 & ladies at _!    
meals4 ,:5 y g to a d9n] p>ty1 x said1 d
 n pick y\r  tee? mu* at table4 ,d n    
brea! h>d ov] y\r beef4 ,don't  snort   
:ile y are eat+4 ,don't make a disgu/+  
noise )  y\r lips :ile tak+ 9 s\p4 ,&   
don't d tw5ty o!r  horrible ?+s :i* no  
g5tleman or lady w\ld any m h  ?\ght (  
do+ ?an ( /&+ up on _! *airs or jump+   
^u ! table4 ,b ,/4 ,clem5t's directions 

= polite behavior  %[ t worse ?+s ?an ^!
 7 9 vogue 9 ^? bea/ly  old days4 ,he   
p\rs out words ( indignation & contempt 
^u  ^? 'glutton\s fea/]s :o raise       
!mselves f ! c\*es  on :i* ! anci5ts us$
 to recl9e at _! banquets1 /ret*  out _!
 necks1 & all b pit* _! faces into !    
di%es  t !y may cat* ! w&]+ /eam by     
brea?+ 9 x4  ,!y grab e m9ute at !      
sauce2 !y besme> _! h&s  ) condim5ts2 !y
 cram !mselves rav5\sly--9 su* a hurry  
t bo? jaws are /uff$ out at once1 ! ve9s
 ab\t ! face  are rais$1 & ! p]spiration
 runs all ov] z !y pant &  are tight5$ )
 _! insatiable gre$4    ,suppose ,/4    
,clem5t _h d9$ on bo>d an ,am]ican      
/eamboat6    ,!n ab\t dr9k+4 ,9 ?is1    
too1 ! old ,alex&rians mu/ h  _h "s que]
 ways4 ,we are to dr9k )\t contortions (
 !  face1 says ! sa9t1 n gre$ily grasp+ 
! cup1 nor1  be=e dr9k+1 mak+ ! eyes    
roll ) unseemly motion2 nor  f          
intemp]ance are we to dra9 ! cup at a   
draught2 nor  bespr9kle ! *91 nor spla% 
! g>m5ts :ile gulp+ d[n  all ! liquor at

 once--our face all b fill+ ! b[l1 &    
dr[n$ 9 x4 ,= ! gurgl+ occasion$ by !   
dr9k ru%+  ) viol5ce1 & by its be+ drawn
 9 ) a great deal (  brea?1 z if x 7 be+
 p\r$ into an e>!nw>e vessel1  :ile !   
?roat makes a noise ?r\gh ! rapidity (  
+urgitation1 is a %ameful & unseemly    
spectacle (  intemp]ance4 444 ,d n ha/e 
to mis*ief1 my fri5d4 ,y\r dr9k  is n   
be+ tak5 f y4 ,be n eag] to bur/ by     
dra9+ x  d[n ) gap+ ?roat4  #if  ,sad to
 say1 ev5 ! wom5 7 addict$ to revell+ 9 
luxuri\s riot1 & draw+ hiccups l m54 ,x 
us$ to be  ! fa%ion = ladies to dr9k out
 ( alaba/] vessels )  n>r[ m\?s--q too  
n>r[1 ,clem5t compla9s &1 to get  at !  
liquor1 !y _h to ?r[ _! heads back s f> 
z to  b>e _! necks 9 a v unseemly mann] 
to _! male boon  companions1 & s p\r !  
w9e d[n _! ?roats4 ,?is cu/om  ! sa9t   
/r5u\sly condemns4 ,x 0 adopt$ because !
 wom5  7 afraid ( wid5+ _! m\?s & s     
spoil+ _!  beauty1 if !y r5t _! lips    
ap>t by /ret*+ !m on broad  dr9k+-cups4 
,^! dr9k+-cups !mselves1 & mu* o!r      

furniture ( !  table1 7 causes ( (f5ce 9
 ! good fa!r's eyes1 & he  ?und]s aga9/ 
!m ) indignant eloqu5ce1 z m>ks ( !     
%ameless luxury & extravagance :i*      
p]vad$ ! daily life  ( ! ri*] classes4  
,! use ( cups made ( silv] & gold1  & ( 
o!rs inlaid ) preci\s /ones1 is out (   
place1 he  decl>es1 be+ only a deception
 ( ! vision4 ,=1 if y p\r  any w>m      
liquid into !m1 !y become s hot t y _c  
t\* !m1 &1 if y p\r 9 any?+ cold1 !     
mat]ial  *anges its quality1 injur+ !   
mixture4 ,/4 ,clem5t 0 "r4  ,( jewell$  
dr9k+-vessels we freely confess t we h  
no  p]sonal k2 b we h a v di/9ct &      
pa9ful  recollection ( c]ta9 silv] mugs 
& silv]-gilt goblets :i*  us$ always to 
be giv5 to *ildr5 by _! god-p>5ts1 &  f 
:i* ! un=tunate y\ng/]s 7 =c$ to dr9k   
until1  say1 !y 7 old en\gh to leave    
bo>d+-s*ool4 ,h[ _m a  "t h we n long$ 9
 our boyhood to ex*ange ! uneasy        
g5tility ( a *as$ silv] cup = ! pla9    
com=t ( a good1  hone/ tumbl] ( gre5i%  
press$ glass6 ,h[ hot ^? dreadful  cups 

us$ to be :5 fill$ ) a vile1 weak       
comp\nd kn[n 9  ! nurs]y z tea6 ,h[ !y  
us$ to hide ! refre%+ sp>kle  ( ! cle>1 
cold wat] 9 summ]1 & ! beautiful color (
  ! h>mless decoctions1 flavor$ )       
currant jelly or o!r  delicacies1 :i* 7 
all[$ u on r>e occasions ( fe/ivity6    
,/4 ,clem5t 0 "r2 !y 7 out ( place & a  
deception (  ! vision4 ,b !re 0 _m a    
vessel on ! ,alex&rian  tables1 besides 
! dr9k+-cups ( silv]1 & gold1 &         
alaba/]1 :i* %ock$ ?is fe>less c5sor (  
mann]s &  morals4 ,away1 he cries1 )    
,!racleian cups & ,antigonides1  &      
,can?>i1 & goblets1 & limpet-%ap$ cups1 
& !  endless =ms ( dr9k+-vessels1 &     
w9e-cool]s &  w9e-p\r]s also4 ,away ) ! 
elaborate vanity ( *as$  glass vessels1 
m liable to break on acc\nt ( ! art1 &  
tea*+ u to fe> :ile we dr9k4 ,ah6 _h he 
se5 a ,*ri/ian  d9n]-p>ty 9 ! n9ete5?   
c5tury1 ) ! delicately cut  w9e-glasses1
 slim ( /em1 fragile z an egg%ell1      
sc>cely safe  to t\*2 ! cl>et-jugs (    
,bohemian w>e1 elaborately  ornam5t$ &  

h>dly less co/ly ?an gold2 ! curi\sly   
contriv$ pit*]s = ic+ *ampagne2 !       
decant]s1 !  wat]-flagons1 ! decorat$   
goblets1 & all ! o!r glass &  *9a w>e1  
:at w\ld good ,/4 ,clem5t h said8 ,_m   
o!r  ?+s are !re :i* he repreh5ds among 
! app>atus ( !  banquet1 & ( ^! "s we h 
assur$ly copi$ or reta9$1  :ile ( o!rs  
we c only conjecture ! nature & uses4   
#ig  ,!re 7 silv] c\*es1 & pans & v9eg> 
sauc]s1 &  tr5*]s & b[ls1 & vessels (   
silv]1 & gold1 & easily  cleft c$>1 &   
?yme-wood1 & ebony1 & tripods fa%ion$ ( 
ivory1 & c\*es ) silv] feet & inlaid )  
ivory1 &  fold+-doors ( b$s /udd$ ) gold
 & v>iegat$ )  tortoise-%ell1 & b$clo!s 
( purple & o!r colors  difficult to     
produce4 ,& let no "o wond] t he %\ld   
enum]ate b$clo!s among ! objectionable  
furniture ( a  d9+-room4 ,x mu/ be      
rememb]$ t 9 ^? glutton\s old  times p  
took _! meals n sitt+ on *airs1 b       
recl9+ on c\*es1 s t x w\ld h>dly be out
 ( ! way  to say t !y breakfa/$1 & d9$1 
& supp$ 9 b$4 ,!y  us$ to eat & dr9k s  

mu* t ?is attitude 0 p]haps1 on  ! :ole1
 ! mo/ conv5i5t = !m4 ,among ! o!r      
blamable  luxuries :i* he enum]ates are 
ivory-h&l$ knives4 ,! bas9s  9 :i* x 0  
cu/om>y to wa% ! feet & h&s be=e meals  
ought to be ( no bett] mat]ial ?an      
common pott]'s w>e4 ,y  c get (f ! dirt 
j z well 9 a *eap e>!n wa%b[l1  says !  
sa9t1 z 9 "o ( price2 ! ,"l did n br+   
d[n a  silv] foot-ba? f heav54    ,music
 at fea/s is an abom9ation to be        
c>efully %unn$1 & a  comic song is      
unwor?y ( a ,*ri/ian g5tleman1 =        
burlesque  s++ is ! boon companion (    
drunk5ness4 ,if p occupy  _! "t ) pipes 
& psalt]ies1 & ,egyptian clapp+ (  h&s1 
!y become1 by degrees1 q intractable1 & 
ev5  desc5d s l[ z to beat on cymbals & 
drums1 & make a noise  on ! in/rum5ts ( 
delusion4 ,we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/  
:atev] pleasure effem9ates ! s\l by     
tickl+ ! eye or !  e>1 & s mu/ %un !    
lic5ti\s & mis*iev\s art (  music1 :i*  
di/urbs ! m9d & corrupts ! morals4      
,grave1  temp]ate1 & mode/ music may1   

inde$1 be p]mitt$1 b  liquid /ra9s &    
*romatic h>monies are only = immode/    
revels4 ,all :i* %[s t 9 ,clem5t's "t   
!re mu/ h  be5 a wick$ness associat$ )  
music :i* t glori\s art  has n[ happily 
lo/4 ,! psalmi/1 x is true1 exhorts u to
  praise ! ,"l 9 ! s\nd ( ! trumpet1 ) !
 psalt]y1  ! lyre1 ! timbrel & dance1 ! 
*ords1 & ! organ1 &  ! cla%+ cymbals2 b 
! ,alex&rian philosoph] int]prets  all  
?is passage symbolically4 ,! trumpet to 
:i* ,k+ ,david  ref]s is ! bla/ :i* %all
 wake ! dead on ! la/ day4  ,! lyre is !
 m\? /ruck by ! _s4 ,! timbrel & dance  
are ! *ur* m$itat+ on ! resurrection ( !
 dead 9 !  res\nd+ sk94 ,our body is !  
organ2 its n]ves are !  /r+s by :i* x   
has receiv$ h>moni\s t5sion2 & !  cla%+ 
cymbal is ! tongue1 res\nd+ ) !         
pulsations (  ! m\?4 ,read+ ,/4         
,clem5t's in/ructions1 ) no light by    
:i* to int]pret !m1 except ! b>e words (
 ! text  itself1 x w\ld seem to be b a  
solemn & joyless life :i*  he inculcat$ 
a p]petual ,puritan ,sunday--?an1 :i*1  

probably1  no?+ m doleful 0 ev] imag9$ (
 man4 ,b we mu/  rememb] t he liv$ 9 an 
age ( ineffable vil5ess4  ,amusem5ts1 ! 
mo/ innoc5t 9 !mselves1 7 ! recogniz$   
cloaks or accompanim5ts ( horrible de$s 
( lic5ti\sness4 ,!  employm5t ( c]ta9   
k9ds ( music at banquets naturally      
sugge/$ ! crim9al excesses ) :i* su*    
music 0  ord9>ily associat$4 ,x 0 l     
meats (f]$ to idols4  ,*ri/ians 7 b\nd  
to %un x1 n because x 0 bad1 b  because 
x _h be5 d$icat$ to bad uses4 ,s 0 x    
also )  burlesque s++4  #ih  ,! songs 7 
n only comical1 b wick$4 ,& x is 9      
pretty  mu* ! same s5se t we mu/ und]/& 
! sa9t's curi\s  *apt] on laugh+1 9 :i* 
he rebukes ludicr\s rem>ks1  buffoon]y1 
& wagg]y1 & decl>es t imitators (       
ludicr\s s5sations 7mimics7 ought to be 
driv5 out ( good  society4 ,x is        
disgraceful to trave/y spee*1 :i* is !  
mo/  preci\s ( human end[m5ts1 ?\gh     
pleasantry is all[able1  provid$ laught]
 be kept )9 b\nds4 ,b we ought n to     
laugh 9 ! pres5ce ( eld]ly p]sons or    

o!rs to :om we owe  respect1 unless !y  
indulge 9 pleasantries = our amusem5t2  
& wom5 & *ildr5 ought to be especially  
c>eful n to  laugh too mu*1 le/ !y slip 
into sc&al4 ,x is be/ to  conf9e        
ourselves to a g5tle smile1 :i* our     
au?or describes  z ! seemly relaxation (
 ! c\nt5ance 9 a h>moni\s  mann]1 l !   
relaxation ( a musical in/rum5t4 ,b !   
discordant relaxation ( ! c\nt5ance 9 ! 
case ( wom5 is  call$ a giggle1 & is    
m]etrici\s laught]2 9 ! case ( m5  a    
guffaw1 & is savage & insult+ laught]4  
,( all su* z  ?is1 x is ne$less to say1 
,/4 ,clem5t disapproves4    ,"y m5 & "y 
wom5 ought nev] to be se5 at banquets1 &
  x is especially disgraceful = an      
unm>ri$ woman to sit at a  fea/ ( m54   
,:5 y g to a banquet1 y ought to keep   
y\r  eyes d[nca/1 & recl9e ^u y\r elb[  
)\t mov+2 or1 if  y sit1 don't cross y\r
 legs or re/ y\r *9 ^u y\r h&4  ,x is   
vulg> n to be> "o's self )\t support1 & 
a sign  ( frivol\sness to be p]petually 
%ift+ ! position4 ,!n1  :5 ! food is    

plac$ ^u ! table1 don't grab at x4 ,:at 
if  y are hungry8 ,curb y\r appetite3   
hold back y\r h& = a  mom5t2 take b     
little at a "t2 & leave (f e>ly1 s z to 
appe>1 indiff]5t to :at is set be=e y4  
,if y are an old  man1 y may n[ & !n1 b 
v r>ely1 joke & play )  ! "y2 b let y\r 
jokes h "s useful end 9 view4 ,=        
in/ance1 suppose y _h a v ba%ful & sil5t
 son ) y2  x w\ld be a mo/ prop] &      
notable good joke to say1 ,?is son  (   
m9e is p]petually talk+4 ,t w\ld n only 
be v  funny1 b x w\ld be an indirect    
encomium ^u ! "y man's  mode/y4 ,old m5 
may talk at table1 provid$ !y talk s5se4
 ,!  "y %\ld speak briefly & )          
hesitation :5 !y are  call$ ^u2 b !y    
ought to wait until !y are call$ at     
lea/ twice4 ,don't :i/le at table4      
,don't *irrup4 ,don't call  ! wait] by  
bl[+ ?r\gh y\r f+]s4 ,don't spit (t51 or
  cle> y\r ?roat1 or bl[ y\r nose4 ,if y
 h to sneeze or  hiccup1 don't />tle y\r
 neighbors ) a l\d explosion1 b  d x    
g5tly4 ,don't scrape y\r tee? till !    

gums ble$1 &  don't scrat* y\r e>6      
,!y _h a v silly & prepo/]\s cu/om1 ^?  
disgu/+  old pagans1 ( cr[n+ !mselves ) 
fl[]s1 & ano9t+  _! head & feet ) p]fum$
 o9tm5ts1 especially on  occasion ( gr& 
banquets & dr9k+ b\ts4 ,/4 ,clem5t _h no
  pati5ce ) ?is4 ,oils may be good1 he  
says1 = m$ic9al &  c]ta9 o!r purposes4  
,fl[]s are n only pretty1 b useful  9 _!
 prop] place4 ,b :at is ! s5se ( /ick+ a
  *aplet ( roses on ! top ( y\r head :]e
 y c nei!r  see x nor smell x8 ,x is    
pleasant 9 spr+-"t to :ile away  ! h\rs 
9 ! bloom+ meads1 surr\nd$ by ! p]fume (
  roses & violets & lilies2 b no cr[ns (
 fl[]s = my  head1 if y please6  #ii    
,!y are too cold2 !y are too moi/4 ,!   
bra9 is naturally  cold3 to add coolness
 to x is pla9ly aga9/ nature4 ,!n he    
enum]ates ! v>i\s k9ds ( o9tm5ts made f 
plants &  fl[]s & o!r sub/ances4 ,leave 
^!1 he says1 to !  physicians4 ,to sme> 
! body ) !m out ( pure wanton luxury  is
 disgraceful4    ,aft] supp]1 fir/ ?ank 
,god3 !n g to b$4 ,no magnific5t        

b$clo!s1 no gold-embroid]$ c>pets1 no   
ri* purple  sleep+-robes1 or cloaks (   
fleece1 or ?ick mantles1 or c\*es  s(t] 
?an sleep itself2 no silv]-foot$ c\*es1 
savor+ (  o/5tation2 none ( ^? lazy     
contrivances = produc+ sleep4  ,nei!r1  
on ! o!r h&1 is x necess>y to imitate   
,ulysses1  :o rectifi$ ! unev5ness ( 8  
c\* ) a /one2 or  ,diom$e1 :o repos$    
/ret*$ on a wild bull's hide2 or ,jacob1
  :o slept on ! gr\nd ) a /one = 8      
pill[4 ,/4 ,clem5t  0 n too sev]e 9 8   
in/ructions4 ,he taught mod]ation to    
all m51 leav+ ! difficulties (          
asceticism to ! few :o  7 call$ to      
enc\nt] !m4 ,he nev] =bade com=t1 b only
  rebuk$ luxury4 ,our b$s1 he says1     
ought to be simple & frugal1  b !y ought
 to keep u cool 9 summ] & w>m 9 w9t]4   
,^? abom9able inv5tions call$ fea!r-b$s1
 :i* let !  body fall d[n z into a yawn+
 holl[1 he /igmatizes )  des]v$         
contempt4 ,= !y are n conv5i5t = sleep]s
  turn+ 9 !m1 on acc\nt ( ! b$ ris+ into
 a hill on  ei!r side ( ! body4 ,nor are

 !y suitable = ! dige/ion  ( ! food1 b r
 = burn+ x up1 & s de/roy+ !  nutrim5t4 
,:o t has groan$ ?r\gh a re/less night  
on "o  ( ^? vile ?+s--we 7 go+ to say1  
toss$ ?r\gh !  night1 b "o c't toss 9 a 
fea!r-b$--has be5  half-suffocat$ by !  
/uffy smell ( ! fea!rs1 &  oppress$ 9 8 
dreams by ! surg+ hills ( b$d+ :i*      
?reat5 to engulf him on ei!r h& l !     
bill[s ( "s  horrible sea1 w n ?ank     
good1 s5sible ,/4 ,clem5t =  sett+ 8    
face aga9/ !m1 & wond] h[ !y h surviv$  
to ! pres5t "t8 ,! ,alex&rian philosoph]
 knew h[ to make  a good b$ z well z !  
mo/ fa%ionable ( mod]n  uphol/]]s4 ,x   
ought to be mod]ately s(t1 yet n receive
 too  readily ! impress ( ! body4 ,x    
ought to be smoo? & level1  s t "o c    
turn ov] easily4 ,b ! reason he gives = 
?is direction is r comical3 ! b$ is a   
sort ( nocturnal  gymnasium1 on :i* !   
sleep] may dige/ 8 food by frequ5t      
roll+s & tumbl+s 9 8 dreams4    ,! c\*  
ought n to be elaborately c>v$1 & ! feet
 ( x  ought to be smoo? & pla94 ,!      

reason = ?is is n only !  avoidance (   
luxury2 b elaborate turn+s =m           
occasionally  pa?s = creep+ ?+s1 :i*    
tw9e !mselves ab\t !  m\ld+s & d n slip 
(f4    ,9 speak+ ( dress1 ,/4 ,clem5t   
gives free re9 to 8  indignation at !   
folly & extravagance ( bo? m5 & wom51  &
 po9ts 8 rem>ks ) _m a %aft ( ke5 wit & 
sallies  ( dry humor4 ,( c\rse1 he says1
 we mu/ h clo!s1 b we  require !m z a   
protection = ! body1 n z m]e ornam5ts   
to attract notice & inflame gre$y eyes4 
,nor is !re any good  reason :y ! g>m5ts
 ( wom5 %\ld diff] f ^? ( m54  ,at !    
utmo/1 wom5 may be p]mitt$ ! use ( s(t] 
textures1  provid$ !y we> !m n too ?9 & 
curi\sly wov54  #ajj  ,a silk dress is !
 m>k ( a weak m9d4 ,dy$ g>m5ts are silly
  & extravagant2 & are !y n1 aft] all1  
(f5ces aga9/  tru?8 ,s>dian1 olive1     
rose-color$1 gre51 sc>let1 & t5  ?\s&   
o!r dyes--pray1 ( :at use are !y8 ,does 
! color  make any diff]5ce 9 ! w>m? ( ! 
robe8 ,&1 besides1 !  dye rots ! /uff1 &
 makes x we> out soon]4 ,a good         

,*ri/ian :o is pure )9 ought to be clad 
9 spotless :ite4  ,fl[]$ & embroid]$    
clo?+1 cunn+ly wr\ght ) gold1  & figures
 ( bea/s1 & elaborate trac]y1 & t       
saffron-color$ robe dipp$ 9 o9tm5t1 & ^!
 co/ly &  _m-color$ g>m5ts ( fl>+       
membranes1 are n = !  *ildr5 ( ! *ur*4  
,let u weave = ourselves ! fleece (  !  
%eep :i* ,god creat$ = u1 b let u n be z
 silly z  %eep4 ,beauty ( "* %[s itself 
be/ :5 x is n  envelop$ 9 o/5tati\s     
fool]ies4 ,:5 ,/4 ,clem5t comes to      
p>ticul>s1 especially 9 speak+ ( ! dress
 ( wom51 x  almo/ seems z if he 7 po9t+ 
at ! fa%ions ( !  n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!    
mod]n fondness = mauve1 & !  v>i\s o!r  
%ades ( purple1 is no?+ new4 ,! same    
colors  seem to h be5 ! /yle 9 ! ye>    
#bjj4 ,w\ld x 7  possible1 exclaims !   
sa9t1 to aboli% purple 9 dress6 ,!  wom5
 w we> no?+ else2 & 9 tru?1 s crazy h !y
  gone ov] ^! /upid & luxuri\s purples1 
t1 9 !  language ( ! poet1 purple dea?  
has seiz$ !m6 ,s we  see t ! good fa!r 0
 n above mak+ a pun4 ,he  enum]ates "s (

 ! articles ( app>el--tunics1 cloaks1 & 
g>m5ts1 ) long & obscure names1 ab\t :i*
 ! f9e  ladies ( ,alex&ria 7 p]petually 
9 a flutt]2 & x is  r />tl+ to enc\nt] 9
 ! li/--:at ?9k y8 ,:y1  no?+ less ?an !
 peplum1 s de> to ! he>ts (  wom5 9     
#ahfg4 ,female extravagance 9 cov]+s = !
 feet also  seems to h be5 z rife 9     
anci5t ,egypt z x is 9 mod]n  ,p>is or  
,new-,york4 ,he condemns ! use ( s&als  
decorat$ )  gold1 & curi\sly /udd$ on ! 
soles ) w9d+ r[s (  nails1 or ornam5t$ )
 amor\s c>v+s & jewell$ devices4  ,attic
 & ,sicyonian half-boots1 & ,p]sian &   
,tyrrh5ian  busk9s1 are also to be      
avoid$4 ,m5 _h bett] g b>efoot  unless  
necessity prev5ts1 b x is n suitable = a
 woman to  %[ h] nak$ foot2 besides1    
woman is a t5d] ?+1 easily  hurt4 ,%e   
ought to we> simple :ite %oes1 except on
 a j\rney1  & !n h] %oes %\ld be greas$4
    ,our sa9tly c5sor devotes an        
indignant *apt] to ! /ones  :i* silly   
wom5 we> fa/5$ to *a9s & set 9          
necklaces2  & he comp>es ! eag]ness )   

:i* !y ru% aft]  glitt]+ jewelry to !   
s5seless attraction :i* draws  *ildr5 to
 a blaz+ fire4 ,he quotes f ,ari/ophanes
 a :ole  catalogue ( female ornam5ts3   
,snoods1 fillets1 natron1 & /eel2       
,pumice-/one1 b&1 back-b&1              
,back-veil1 pa9t1 necklaces1     ,pa9ts 
= ! eyes1 s(t g>m5t1 hair-net1 ,footnote
 #bb     ,girdle1 %awl1 f9e purple      
bord]1     ,long robe1 tunic1 ,b>a?rum1 
r\nd tunic1     ,e>-p5dants1 jewelry1   
e>-r+s1     ,mall[-color$ clu/]-%ap$    
anklets1     ,buckles1 clasps1 necklets1
     ,fett]s1 seals1 *a9s1 r+s1 p[d]s1  
,bosses1 b&s1 ,s>dian /ones1     ,fans1 
helict]s4        ,footnote #bb3 ,is x   
possible t wat]falls 7 worn      9 ^?   
days8    ,& he cries out1 we>i$ ) !     
enum]ation3 ,i wond] h[  ^? :o be> su* a
 burd5 are n worri$ to dea?4 ,o fooli%  
tr\ble6 ,o silly craze = display6 ,& (  
:at use is x all8  ,x is no?+ b art     
cont5d+ aga9/ nature1 falsehood  /ruggl+
 aga9/ tru?4 ,if a woman is ugly1 %e    
only makes h]  ugl9ess m conspicu\s by  

deck+ h]self out )  m]etrici\s ornam5ts4
  #aja  ,besides1 ! cu/om ( apply+ ?+s  
unsuitable to ! body z  if !y 7         
suitable1 begets a practice ( ly+ & a   
habit (  falsehood4 ,! sight ( an       
ov]-dress$ woman seems to h  affect$ ,/4
 ,clem5t v mu* z a wor?less picture 9 an
  elegant frame4 ,! body ( "o ( ^!      
ladies1 he exclaims1  w\ld nev] fet* m  
?an "o hundr$ & fifty doll>s2 b  y may  
see h] we>+ a dress t co/ two hundr$ &  
fifty ?\s&4 ,we compla9 ( ! extravagance
 ( mod]n  belles2 b1 d !y ev] sp5d su*  
enorm\s sums z t on a  s+le dress8      
,alex&ria1 we imag9e1 mu/ be> away !    
palm  f ,newport & ,s>atoga4    ,!re 7  
p>ticul> fa%ions 9 jewelry & ornam5t    
t[>d  :i* ! sa9t _h a special dislike4  
,bracelets 9 ! =m ( a  s]p5t1 he calls !
 manife/ badges ( ! evil "o4 ,gold5     
*a9s & necklaces are no?+ bett] ?an     
fett]s4 ,e>r+s  & e>-drops he =bids z   
contr>y to nature1 & he besee*es  8     
female he>]s n to h _! e>s pi]c$4 ,if y 
pi]ce  y\r e>s1 he says1 :y n h r+s 9   

y\r noses also8 ,a  signet-r+ may be    
worn on ! f+]1 because x is useful =    
seal+2 b no good ,*ri/ian ought to we>  
r+s = m]e  ornam5t4 ,yet he makes "o    
curi\s exception to ?is rule4 ,if a     
woman h1 un=tunately1 a dissipat$ husb&1
 %e may adorn  h]self z mu* z %e c1 = ! 
purpose ( keep+ him at  home4    ,h[    
bitt] is ! contempt :i* ! philosoph]    
p\rs out ^u  ! fa%ionable ladies ( ! "t1
 :o sp5d _! days 9 !  my/]i\s rites ( ! 
toilet1 curl+ _! locks1 ano9t+  _!      
*eeks1 pa9t+ _! eyes1 mangl+1 rack+1 &  
pla/]+ !mselves ov] ) c]ta9             
compositions1 *ill+  ! sk9 & furr[+ !   
fle% ) poison\s cosmetics2 &  !n 9 !    
ev5+ creep+ out to c&le-light z out ( a 
hole4 ,love ( display is n ! *>act]i/ic 
( a true lady4  ,! woman :o gives h]self
 up to f9]y is worse ?an "o :o is       
addict$ to ! pleasures ( ! table & !    
bottle6 ,%e  is a lazy h\sekeep]1 sitt+ 
l a pa9t$ ?+ to be look$  at1 n z if    
made = dome/ic economy1 & %e c>es a     
great  deal m ab\t gett+ at h] husb&'s  

purse-/r+s ?an ab\t  /ay+ at home ) him4
 ,& h[ prepo/]\s is h] behavior  :5 %e  
goes abroad4 ,is %e %ort8 %e we>s       
cork-soles4 ,is %e  tall8 %e c>ries h]  
head d[n on h] %\ld]4 ,has %e f9e  tee?8
 %e is always laugh+4 ,has %e no flanks8
 %e has  some?+ sew$ on to h]1 s t !    
spectators may exclaim  on h] f9e %ape4 
,a little :ile ago1 a mania = yell[ hair
  broke out 9 ,p>is1 & fa%ionable ladies
 _h _! locks dy$  ( ! popul> hue4 ,well1
 x appe>s f ,/4 ,clem5t's  disc\rses t  
?is folly is ov] sixte5 hundr$ ye>s old4
 ,he  upbraids ! ,alex&rian ladies =    
foll[+ ! same absurd  cu/om1 & asks1 9 !
 words ( ,ari/ophanes1 ,:at c wom5  d   
wise or brilliant :o sit ) hair dy$     
yell[8 ,nor is ?is  ! only mod]n fa%ion 
ab\t ! hair :i* 0 kn[n &  condemn$ 9 8  
"t4 ,read ?is1 "y ladies3 ,additions (  
o!r p's hair are entirely to be reject$1
 & x is a  mo/ sacrilegi\s ?+ = spuri\s 
hair to %ade ! head1  cov]+ ! skull )   
dead locks4 ,= on :om does ! prie/  lay 
8 h&8 ,:om does he bless8  #ajb  ,n !   

woman deck$ out1 b ano!r's hairs1 &     
?r\gh !m  ano!r head4 ,*ignons1 braids1 
tresses1 & all ! o!r  wond]ful          
p>aph]nalia ( ! hair-dress]'s art are   
condemn$  z no bett] ?an lies1 & a      
%ameful defamation ( ! human  head1 :i*1
 says ,/4 ,clem5t1 is truly beautiful4  
,nei!r is x  all[able to dye gray hairs1
 or 9 any o!r way to conceal !  approa* 
( old age4 ,x is en\gh = wom5 to protect
 _!  locks & b9d up _! hair simply along
 ! neck ) a pla9  hair-p91 n\ri%+ *a/e  
locks ) simple c>e to true  beauty4 ,&  
!n he draws a comical picture ( a lady )
 h]  hair s elaborately done up1 t %e is
 afraid to t\* h]  head1 & d>es n g to  
sleep = fe> ( pull+ d[n !  :ole         
/ructure4    ,a man ought to %ave 8     
cr[n1 7unless he has curly hair17 b  n 8
 *91 because ! be>d gives dignity &     
pat]nal  t]ror to ! face4 ,! mu/a*e1    
h[ev]1 :i* is dirti$ 9  eat+1 is to be  
cut r\nd1 n by ! razor1 = t 7  ung5teel1
 b by a pair ( cropp+ scissors4 ,!      
practice (  %av+ 0 a m>k ( effem9acy 9  

^? days1 & x 0  ?\ght disgraceful = a   
man to rob himself ( ! hair9ess  :i*    
di/+ui%es 8 sex1 ev5 z ! lion is kn[n by
 8  %aggy mane4 ,s ,/4 ,clem5t is unsp>+
 9 8 d5unciations (  ! unmanly creatures
 :o comb !mselves & %ave !mselves  ) a  
razor = ! sake ( f9e effect1 & arrange  
_! hair  at ! look+-glass4 ,manly       
sports1 provid$ !y be pursu$ =  heal?'s 
sake & n = va+lory1 he w>mly approves4  
,a  sp>+ use ( ! gymnasium & an         
occasional b\t at wre/l+  w d no h>m1 b 
r good2 yet1 :5 y wre/le1 says !  sa9t1 
be sure y /& squ>ely up to y\r adv]s>y1 
& try  to ?r[ him by ma9 /r5g?1 n by    
trick]y &  f9esse4 ,a game ( ball he    
especially recomm5ds1 7:o  kn[s b !re   
may h be5 base-ball clubs 9 ,egypt87 &  
he  mildly sugge/s t1 if a man 7 to h&le
 ! hoe n[ &  !n1 ! labor w\ld n be      
ung5tlemanly4 ,pittacus1 ,k+ (          
,miletus1 set a good example to mank9d  
by gr9d+ at ! mill  ) 8 own h&2 &1 if   
,/4 ,clem5t 7 alive n[1 he might  add t 
,*>les ,v4 employ$ himself 9 con/ruct+  

"t-pieces1  & t notori\s savage1        
,!odoras1 ,emp]or ( ,abyss9ia1  passes  
mo/ ( 8 days mak+ umbrellas4 ,fi%+ is a 
comm5dable pa/ime1 = x has ! example ( !
 apo/les 9  its favor4 ,ano!r capital   
ex]cise = a g5tleman is *opp+  wood4    
,?is1 we may rem>k1 is said to be !     
favorite a?letic  pursuit ( ! ,honorable
 ,horace ,greeley4    ,! daily          
occupations ( wom5 mu/ n be too s$5t>y1 
yet  nei!r1 on ! o!r h&1 ought ! g5tl]  
sex to be  enc\rag$ 9 wre/l+ or runn+6  
,in/ead ( dawdl+ ab\t  ! %ops ( ! silk  
m]*ant1 ! goldsmi?1 & ! p]fum]1  or rid+
 aimlessly ab\t t[n 9 litt]s1 j to be   
admir$1  ! true lady w employ h]self 9  
sp9n+ & weav+1 &1  if necess>y1 w       
sup]9t5d ! cook+4 ,%e mu/ n be above    
turn+ ! mill1 or gett+ h] husb& a good  
d9n]4 ,%e mu/  %ake up ! b$s1 rea* dr9k 
to h] husb& :5 he is ?ir/y1  set ! table
 z neatly z possible1 & :5 any?+ is     
want$  f ! /ore1 let h] g = x & fet* x  
home h]self4 ,we  fe> x is n ! fa%ion1  
ev5 yet1 to foll[ ,/4 ,clem5t's  advice4

 ,%e ought to keep h] face clean1 & h]  
glances ca/  d[n1 & to bew>e ( langui%+ 
looks1 & ogl+1 :i* is  to w9k ) ! eyes1 
& ( a m9c+ gait4    #ajc    ,a g5tleman 
9 ! /reet %\ld nev] walk furi\sly1 nor  
swagg]1 nor try to />e p out (          
c\nt5ance2 nei!r :5  go+ up-hill ought  
he to be %ov$ up by 8 dome/ics6  ,he    
ought n to wa/e 8 "t 9 b>b]s' %ops &    
tav]ns1  babbl+ nons5se2 nor to wat* !  
wom5 :o pass by2 nor to  gamble4 ,he mu/
 n kiss 8 wife 9 ! pres5ce ( 8  s]vants4
 ,if he is a m]*ant1 he mu/ n h two     
prices =  8 goods4 ,he mu/ be 8 own     
valet4 ,he mu/ wa% 8 own feet1  & put on
 8 own %oes4    ,& s ! holy man goes on 
) mu* m sage c\nsel &  ,*ri/ian         
direction1 tea*+ 8 flock n only h[ to be
  fai?ful *ildr5 ( ! *ur*1 b h[ to be   
true g5tlem5 &  g5tlewom54 ,! etiquette 
:i* he lays d[n is n bas$ ^u  ! arbitr>y
 & *angeable rules ( fa%ion1 b ^u ! fix$
  pr9ciples ( morality & good fell[%ip4 
,we h ?\ght x  n amiss to give our      
read]s a specim5 ( !m1 p>tly1 inde$1    

because !y %[ u 9 su* an int]e/+ mann]  
:at k9d (  lives p us$ to lead 9 8 day1 
b also because !y are  full ( good      
lessons & :olesome rebukes = ourselves1 
&  because _m ( ! follies :i* ,/4       
,clem5t condemn$ are /ill  fl\ri%+1 j z 
!y fl\ri%$ !n1 or are newly spr++  into 
life aft] !y h be5 = s _m c5turies      
=gott54  ,( c\rse1 !re are _m ( 8 rules 
:i* are n applicable  to u4 ,_m ?+s :i* 
he =bade because !y 7 indications  or   
accompanim5ts ( c]ta9 s9ful practices   
are no long]  wrong1 because !y h be5   
completely dissev]$ f _!  evil          
associations4 ,b ^u ! :ole1 we d\bt n t 
a new  edition ( ,/4 ,clem5t's          
,pa$agogus1 or z we might  translate x1 
,complete ,guide to ,polit5ess1 w\ld be 
va/ly  m b5eficial to ! public ?an any (
 ! h&-books (  etiquette :i* are        
multipli$ by ! mod]n press4    -------- 
,ran away to ,sea4      ,a trea*]\s _s  
came up f ! sea1    ,& pass+ inl& f\nd a
 boy :]e he    ,lay und]nea? ! gre5 ro( 
( a tree1        ,9 ! gold5 summ] wea!r4

      ,& to ! boy x :isp]$ s(t & l[--   
,come6 let u leave ?is we>y l&1 & g     
,ov] ! seas :]e ! free breezes bl[1     
,9 ! gold5 summ] wea!r4    #ajd      ,i 
"k gre5 isles 9 f>-(f sunny seas1       
,:]e gr[ great cocoa-palms &            
orange-trees1    ,& spicy odors p]fume e
 breeze1        ,9 ! gold5 summ] wea!r4 
,!re1 und]nea? ! ev]-gl[+ skies1    ,gay
 p>rokeets & birds ( p>adise1    ,make  
bright ! woods ) plumes ( gorge\s dyes1 
,9 ! gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,& 9 t l& a
 happy p /ay3    ,no hateful books      
p]plex !m night nor day2    ,no c>es (  
bus9ess fret _! lives away1        ,9 ! 
gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,b all day long 
!y w&] :]e !y please1    ,pluck+        
delici\s fruits1 t on ! trees    ,hang  
all ! ye> & nev] "k decrease1        ,9 
! gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,or ov]       
fl[]-enamell$ vale & slope    ,!y *ase !
 silv'ry-foot$ antelope2    ,or ) ! p>d 
9 manly conflict cope        ,9 ! gold5 
summ] wea!r4      ,& 9 ^? isl&s troops (
 maid5s are1    ,^: lovely %apes no     

fooli% fa%ions m>2    ,eyes black z     
,night1 & bright] ?an h] />s        ,9 !
 gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,e>? ha? no    
maid5s l !m o!r:]e2    ,) tee? l pe>ls &
 wrea?s ( jetty hair1    ,& lips m sweet
 ?an t9t$ syrups are1        ,9 ! gold5 
summ] wea!r4      ,ah6 :at a life x 7 to
 live ) !m6    ',tw\ld pass by sweetly z
 a happy dream3    ,! ye>s l days1 !    
days l m9utes seem1        ,9 ! gold5   
summ] wea!r4      ,come6 let u g6 ! w9d 
bl[s fair & free2    ,! cl\ds sail      
seaw>d1 & to-morr[ we    ,may see !     
bill[s danc+ on ! sea1        ,9 ! gold5
 summ] wea!r4      ,! heav5s 7 bright1 !
 e>? 0 fair to see1    ,a ?\s& birds    
sang r\nd ! boy1 b he    ,he>d no?+ b t 
_s f ! sea1        ,9 ! gold5 summ]     
wea!r4    #aje      ,all night1 z       
sleepless on 8 b$ he lay1    ,he seem$  
to he> t trea*]\s _s say1    ,come1 let 
u seek ^? isl&s f> away1        ,9 !    
gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,s ere ! morn+ 9
 ! ea/ grew r$1    ,he /ole ad[n ! /airs
 ) b>efoot tread1    ,unb>r$ ! door )   

trembl+ h&s1 & fl$        ,9 ! gold5    
summ] wea!r4      ,9 ! la/ h\r ( night !
 city slept2    ,^u 8 beat ! dr[sy      
wat*man /ept2    ,:5 l a ?ief along !   
/reets he crept1        ,9 ! gold5 summ]
 wea!r4      ,& :5 ! sun br\ght 9 ! busy
 day1    ,8 fa!r's home af> beh9d him   
lay1    ,& he /ood 'mong/ ! sailors on !
 quay1        ,9 ! gold5 summ] wea!r4   
,l sleep+ swans1 ) :ite w+s fold$1 ride 
,! great %ips at _! moor+s1 side by     
side2    ,mov+ b ) ! pulses ( ! tide1   
,9 ! gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,& "o is   
sl[ly ruffl+ out h] w+s    ,= flight1 z 
seaw>d r\nd h] b[sprit sw+s2    ,:il/ at
 ! cap/an-b>s ! sailor s+s        ,9 !  
gold5 summ] wea!r4      ,he is abo>d4 ,!
 w9d bl[s fre% abeam3    ,! %ip drifts  
sl[ly seaw>d ) ! /ream2    ,& soon ! l& 
fades f him l a dream1        ,9 ! gold5
 summ] wea!r4      ,& if he f\nd ^?     
isl&s f> away1    ,or ^? fair maid5s1   
!re is none c say3    ,= %ip or boy     
return$ n s9ce t day1        ,9 ! gold5 
summ] wea!r4                            

,e4 ,,"y4    --------    #ajf           
,a ,royal ,nun4      ,among ! pleasant  
alleys ( ,v]sailles1 or "u ! /ately     
groves ( ,/4 ,cl\d1 or 9 ! gr& corridors
 ( ! ,tuil]ies1  might (t5 h be5 se51   
ab\t ! ye> #aggc1 pac+ up &  d[n toge!r 
9 t5d] & confid5tial conv]se1 two "y    
maid5s 9 ! e>ly bloom ( y\?1 & (t5 by _!
 side  w\ld sport a c>eless1 wilful1 b  
engag+ *ild "s eight or  n9e ye>s old4  
,^! ?ree "y girls 7 all ( royal bir?1  &
 b\nd toge!r by ! ties ( close          
relation%ip2 !y 7  ! si/]s & c\s9 ( a   
great k+2 _! l9eage "o ( !  pr\de/ ( !  
e>?2 !y 7 all fair to look ^u1 & all    
end[$ ) m5tal gifts ( no mean ord]4 ,h[ 
bright look$  _! future6 ,mon>*s (t5    
s\ght _! h&s 9 m>riage1 &  m5 speculat$ 
on _! fate1 & wond]$ :i* %\ld =m !  mo/ 
brilliant alliance4 ,c\ld ! angels :o   
gu>d$ _!  foot/eps h reveal$ _! future1 
h[ ! wise m5 ( ?is  _w w\ld h laugh$ !  
prophecy to scorn6 ,yet above ^?  fair  
"y heads hangs a /range de/9y4 ,= "o !  
m>tyr's  palm2 ! "n ( ano!r 0 to e*o )9 

! walls ( ,/4  ,pet]1 z ( h] :om ! *ur* 
delighte? to honor2 ! ?ird  0 to we> !  
veil ( ! religi\s ?r\gh dang]s & "u     
vicissitudes su* z seldom fall to ! lot 
( any woman4 ,^?  ( :om we speak 7 ^!3  
,clotilde & ,elizabe? ( ,france1  si/]s 
( ,l\is ,,xvi41 & ,l\ise de ,b\rbon     
,cond1 _! c\s94  ,l\ise & ,clotilde1    
almo/ ( ! same age1 7 b\nd toge!r  9    
close intimacy4 ,we may wond]1 n[1 on   
:at topics _!  conv]sation w\ld run4    
,did !y speak ( ! gayeties ( !  c\rt2 ( 
! r\nd ( ! giddy dissipation :i* _h1    
p]haps1  rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t ab\t   
?is p]iod8 or 7 !y  talk+ ( ! la/ s]mon 
( ,pre ,beaureg>d1 :51 )  unsp>+ &      
apo/olic sev]ity1 he condemn$ !         
fa%ionable  vices ( ! age8 or 7 !y      
speak+ ( ! cases ( di/ress  among ! poor
 :o day by day troop$ to ! h\se (       
,mademoiselle1 z ,l\ise de ,cond 0      
call$1 & 7  !re succor$ by h] own h&s8  
,on "s su* !me z ^!  latt] we may be    
almo/ sure t _! conv]se ran4 ,! he>t  ( 
,clotilde 0 nev] giv5 to ! _w2 f h]     

*ildhood %e  _h ye>n$ = a cloi/]1 & w\ld
 fa9 h f\nd h]self at  ! side ( h] aunt1
 ,madame ,l\ise1 :o 0 !n prioress ( !   
,c>melites ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,to ! grille (  
?is conv5t  ,clotilde1 ,l\ise1 &        
,elizabe? w\ld (t5 g2 & no d\bt x  0    
p>tly ow+ to ! conv]sation & example ( !
 holy  ,c>melite pr9cess t ! ?ree girls1
 plac$1 z !y all  71 9 mo/ dang]\s &    
difficult positions1 n only  ?read$ _!  
way ?r\gh ! maze safely1 b became       
examples  ( em95t piety & virtue4    ,! 
eld] ( ! ?ree fri5ds 0 ,l\ise1 only     
daught] ( ,l\is  ,joseph de ,b\rbon     
,cond1 great-great-gr&son ( ! ,great    
,cond1  & son ( ! ,duke de ,b\rbon1 = "s
 "t prime m9i/] to  ,l\is ,,xv4 ,he _h  
e>ly *os5 ! army z 8 c>e]1 & z  e>ly won
 laurels = himself 9 ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>4
 ,on "o  occasion he 0 entreat$ by 8    
att5dants to )draw f !  heat ( ! battle4
  #ajg  ,i nev] he>d1 said he1 ( su*    
precautions be+ tak5 by !  ,great ,cond4
 ,8 admiration = 8 glori\s ance/or  01  
inde$1 int5se1 & he devot$ himself to ! 

task (  writ+ a hi/ory ( ?is great man2 
=1 ?\gh an ard5t  soldi]1 he 0 well     
educat$4 ,m5 ( sci5ce & g5ius ga!r$     
r\nd him 9 8 *ateau ( ,*antilly1 :i!r he
 w\ld retire 9  ! brief int]vals (      
peace4 ,at a v e>ly age ! ,pr9ce de     
,cond m>ri$ ,*>lotte de ,rohan ,s\bise1 
a maid5 z noble 9  h] "* z h] bir?4 ,%e 
0 m]ciful to ! poor1 g5tle  & *>itable  
to all :o surr\nd$ h]4 ,! m>riage 0 a   
happy "o1 b 0 n de/9$ to la/ long4 ,!   
pr9cess di$  9 #agfj1 leav+ beh9d h] a  
son1 ! ,duke de ,b\rbon1 &  ,l\ise      
,adelaide1 ( :om we h be5 speak+4    ,! 
little girl1 ?us left mo!rless at ! age 
( five ye>s1  0 consign$ to ! c>e ( h]  
great-aunt1 ! abbess (  ,beaumont les   
,t\rs1 ab\t sixty leagues f ,p>is4 ,all 
!  religi\s assembl$ to receive ! little
 pr9cess on ! day (  h] arrival1 &      
ev]y?+ 0 done to please h]4 ,aft] %[+   
h] all ! int]ior ( ! conv5t1 %e 0 ask$  
:]e %e  w\ld l to g4 ,oh6 take me1 cri$ 
%e1 :]e !re is !  mo/ noise4 ,poor *ild6
 %e 0 de/9$ to f9d h] aft]-life  a      

little too noisy4 ,%e next *ose to g    
into ! *oir :ile !  nuns *ant$ compl9e2 
b be=e ! end ( ! fir/ psalm  :isp]$ to  
h] att5dant1 ,i h _h en\gh4 ,9 ^!       
peaceful walls h] *ildhood pass$ away4  
,%e grew fond ( !  conv5t1 & gave e m>k 
( ext]nal piety4 ,%e 0 wont to  decl>e  
aft]w>d t ! grace ( ,god _h made little 
int]ior  progress 9 h] he>t2 nev]!less1 
a solid f\ndation ( good  in/ruction _h 
be5 laid1 :i* 0 h]eaft] to be> fruit4   
,at  twelve ye>s ( age %e made h] fir/  
communion1 & !n  return$ to ,p>is to    
f9i% h] education 9 a conv5t !re1 to    
prep>e h] = ! _w4    ,ye>s fl$ on1      
,l\ise atta9$ womanhood1 h] bro!r m>ri$ 
"o  ( ! ,orleans pr9cesses1 & a m>riage 
0 project$ =  ,l\ise ) ! ,c\nt          
d',artois1 aft]w>d ,*>les ,x41 b        
political diff]5ces caus$ ! mat* to be  
brok5 (f4 ,l\ise  0 n de/9$ ev] to      
become ,que5 ( ,france4 ,! t5d]         
fri5d%ip :i* subsi/$ betwe5 h] & !      
,pr9cess ,clotilde  0 n[ to be brok51 9 
"o s5se1 by _! total sep>ation4         

,clotilde's he>t's desire = ! religi\s  
life 0 rudely  cross$2 ! daught]s (     
royal h\ses _h less control ov]  _!     
fates !n 7& p]haps ev5 n[7 ?an ! meane/ 
peasant  9 ! l&4 ,a m>riage 0 arrang$ = 
,madame ,clotilde )  ! ,pr9ce (         
,pi$mont1 heir-app>5t to ! ?rone (      
,s>d9ia4  ,%e 0 b sixte5 ye>s ( age :5  
%e _h to leave ,france &  all %e lov$ & 
clung to1 & set out to meet h] unkn[n   
husb&2 = %e 0 m>ri$ by proxy only 9     
,p>is1 & 0  receiv$ by ! ,pr9ce (       
,pi$mont at ,tur94 ,%e 0 v  beautiful1 b
 un=tunately excessively /\t1 to su* a  
degree  t x injur$ n only h] appe>ance1 
b h] heal?4 ,at ,tur9  %e 0 welcom$ by a
 va/ cr[d1 b cries ( ,*e  grossa6 7,h[  
fat %e is67 /ruck unpleasantly on h] e>4
  ,be consol$1 said ! ,que5 ( ,s>d9ia2  
:5 ,i ent]$ !  city1 ! p cri$1 ',*e     
brutta6' 7,h[ pla9 %e  is67 ,y f9d me v 
/\t8 que/ion$ ,clotilde1 anxi\sly  look+
 into h] husb&'s face4 ,i f9d y         
adorable1 0 !  graceful & affectionate  
reply4    #ajh    ,ye>s flew by4        

,mademoiselle1 z ,l\ise 0 n[ call$1 _h  
h] own e/abli%m5t1 & presid$ at royal   
ftes giv5  by h] fa!r at ,*antilly4     
,?i!r came once to p>take ( 8           
hospitality ! heir ( ! ?rone ( all !    
,russias1  travell+1 toge!r ) 8 wife1 "u
 ! incognito ( !  ,comte du ,nord4 ,a   
fri5d%ip sprang up betwe5 !m & ,l\ise de
  ,cond1 h]eaft] to be put to ! pro( 9  
extraord9>y &  un=ese5 circum/ances4    
,little did !y ?9k z !y p>t$  )9 !      
spl5did halls ( ,*antilly :]e _! next   
meet+  %\ld be4    ,! lic5se ( mann]s t 
prec$$ ! ,revolution1 z !  ga!r+ cl\ds  
=etell a /orm1 0 pr9cipally to be obs]v$
  9 ! grossness ( ! !atre & ! corruption
 ( lit]ature4  ,! !atre 0 a favorite    
amusem5t ) ,l\ise de ,cond1 &  %e took  
great delight 9 private !atricals1 &    
frequ5tly  play$ a "p4 ,%e he>d ,pre    
,beaureg>d prea* on ! subject1  & h]    
resolution 0 in/antly tak54 ,a com$y 0  
to be act$  next day at ,*antilly1 b !  
pr9cess r5\nc$ h] "p4 ,x  co/ h] n a    
little ?us to ?r[ out ! arrangem5ts = ! 

fte2 b %e vanqui%$ all human respect1 & 
?us took  ! "p ( ,god aga9/ ! _w4    ,x 
0 a turn+-po9t 9 h] life4 ,x may seem to
 u t x 0  b a small sacrifice to make2 b
 "o grace correspond$ to lead  on to    
o!rs1 & f t resolution to give up       
!atrical  ent]ta9m5ts ,l\ise dat$ !     
comm5cem5t ( ! great  spiritual graces &
 b5efits ( h] aft]-life4 ,t %e 0  end[$ 
) ! c\rage ( h] race may be kn[n f !    
fact  t1 hav+ su/a9$ by a fall a sev]e  
fracture ( h] leg1  %e s5t = h] ,italian
 ma/] to give h] a lesson :ile  wait+ = 
! surgeon4 ,?is brok5 leg 0 de/9$ 9 h]  
case1 z 9 t ( ,/4 ,ignatius1 to become  
"o ( h] greate/  bless+s4 ,%e rose up f 
h] b$ det]m9$ to give h]self  m entirely
 to ,god's s]vice4 ,naturally ( a deeply
  affectionate disposition1 ,l\ise lov$ 
h] family t5d]ly1 b  9 an especial mann]
 h] only nephew1 ! ,duc d',enghi51 !n 9 
8 e>ly y\?4 ,day by day did ,l\ise br+ !
 "n ( ?is  belov$ boy be=e ! ,"m ( ,good
 ,c\nsel1 begg+ h]1 9  h] own simple    
words1 to become 8 "m & protectress1 &  

nev] to suff] 8 fai? to p]i%4 ,we %all  
see a little  lat] on h[ ?is pray] 0    
answ]$4 ,& n[ "t _h pass$  on1 & !      
,revolution 0 at h&1 & _h ev5 begun4    
,aft] !  tak+ ( ! ,ba/ile1 ! ,pr9ce de  
,cond quitt$ ,france )  all 8 family1 & 
imm$iately set himself to organize an   
army  = ! def5ce ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,ord]$  
by ! ,directory to  return to ,france1  
he disobey$1 & 0 in/antly /ripp$ ( all  
8 va/ prop]ty4 ,! pr9ce sold all 8      
jewels1 & bore 8  alt]$ =tunes ) pati5ce
 & c\rage4 ,mean:ile1 !  ,pr9cess ,l\ise
 accompani$ h] fa!r & act$ z 8          
secret>y4 ,!y mov$ ab\t f place to      
place1 & at ,tur9 %e  0 able to r5ew !  
fri5d%ip ( h] y\? ) ,clotilde1 :o  0 n[ 
,que5 ( ,s>d9ia1 & display$ on h] ?rone 
a patt]n  ( womanly & sa9tly virtues4   
,ne> ! ,que5 ( ,s>d9ia  flatt]y c\ld n  
subsi/4 ,x is record$ ( h] t %e nev]    
pron\nc$ a d\btful ^w1 f> less ! smalle/
 falsehood4  ,int]c\rse ) ?is de> fri5d 
/r5g!n$ 9 ! he>t (  ,l\ise ! e>ne/      
desire %e _h ( belong+ entirely to ,god4

  ,i am oblig$ to take "t = pray] f my  
sleep1 %e writes  to h] director4 ,i _c 
d )\t x4  #aji  ,:5 at table1 surr\nd$ )
 (fic]s1 all talk+1 ,i pray  inw>dly4 ,!
 crime ( ! #ba/ ( ,janu>y1 #agic1 fell l
 a  ?und]bolt on ! army ( ,cond2 b1 ris+
 f 8 grief1 !  brave g5]al in/antly     
proclaim$ ,l\is ,,xvii41 al?\gh t       
little k+1 ^: pite\s /ory hi/ory surely 
c nev] outdo1  0 /ill be+ tortur$ by 8  
savage subjects4 ,! ,ar*bi%op  ( ,tur9 0
 deput$ to escort ! t]rible news to     
,que5  ,clotilde4 ,madam1 said he1 w y\r
 maje/y pray = y\r  illu/ri\s bro!r1    
especially = 8 s\l8 ,! t]rible tru?     
fla%$ at once ^u h]1 &1 fall+ on h]     
knees1 %e  exclaim$3 ,let u d bett]     
/ill--let u pray = 8  murd]]s6 ,surely1 
9 ! annals ( ! sa9ts1 few words m  truly
 h]oic c h be5 record$ ?an ?is impulsive
 utt]ance  ( ,clotilde de ,b\rbon4 ,!   
active op]ations ( ! army  comm&$ by !  
,pr9ce de ,cond made x impossible = !   
pr9cess to rema9 any long] at h] fa!r's 
side2 %e  accord+ly repair$ to ,frib\rg1

 a favorite place ( refuge =  ,fr5*     
emigrants4 ,no less ?an ?ree hundr$     
,fr5* prie/s _h  f\nd a tempor>y asylum 
)9 its walls1 & ! s]vices (  ! *ur* 7   
p]=m$ ) e possible c>e & frequ5cy4      
,among ^! prie/s ! pr9cess met "o1      
suppos$ to be "o (  ! exil$ ,fr5*       
bi%ops1 to :om %e 0 able to give h]     
entire confid5ce1 & f :om %e receiv$    
wise & spiritual  advice4 ,! idea ( a   
religi\s vocation n[ began to take firm 
hold ( h] m9d b h] director w\ld n let  
h] take any /ep  = two ye>s1 wi%+ 9 e   
possible way to te/ ! reality  ( ?is    
call f ,god4 ,no ord9>y ob/acles /ood 9 
! way (  ! royal po/ulant4 ,times _h    
*ang$ s9ce ^? :5 !  entrance ( ,madame  
,l\ise1 ( ,france1 into ! ,c>melites _h 
be5 hail$ z an especial m>k ( ,god's    
provid5ce ov] a poor  community4 ,e     
conv5t 9 ,europe 0 n[ trembl+ = its     
safety1 & few 7 will+ to op5 _! doors to
 "o be>+  ! n[ un=tunate "n ( ,b\rbon4  
,ab\t ?is "t1 x w\ld  seem1 ! pr9cess 0 
9 communication ) ! ,pre de  ,t\rnely1  

f\nd] ( t ,society ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t :i* 
0  aft]w>d absorb$ into ! ,society (    
,jesus1 & :o 0  e>ne/ly seek+ to f\nd a 
new ord] = wom51 & especially  at ?is   
mom5t to ga!r toge!r a community (      
emigrant ,fr5*  ladies1 "s ( :om _h be5 
driv5 f _! conv5ts4 ,!  idea naturally  
pres5t$ itself ( plac+ ! ,pr9cess ,l\ise
 at  ! head ( su* a community1 b %e     
%rank f ! task4 ,i  %\ld fe>1 %e said1 f
 ! =ce ( cu/om1 ! def]5ce  t w\ld be    
paid to :at ! _w calls my rank4 ,! place
  t ,i am ambiti\s ( is ! la/ ( all4    
,:at are ! ?rones  ( ! univ]se comp>$ to
 t la/ place8 ,god _h o!r  designs = h]1
 & = ! project$ ord] an humbl]  in/rum5t
 0 to be *os5 = ! f\ndation-/one ( !    
ord]  ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t2 & at ?is mom5t !
 f\ndress1 all  unconsci\s ( h] fate1 0 
z yet play+ ) h] dolls4  ,l\ise de      
,cond1 det]m9$ to ent] a poor1 obscure  
conv5t (  ,capu*9esses1 or religi\s1    
foll[+ ! rule ( ,/4 ,cl>e1 9  ,tur91 a  
city :i* x 0 !n hop$ 0 likely to rema9 9
  tranquillity4 ,be=e do+ s %e _h obta9$

 h] fa!r's  cons5t1 & also t ( ,l\is    
,,xviii1 :om ! emigrant ,fr5*  _h       
proclaim$ z _! k+ :5 ! prison-h\se ( !  
little  ,l\is ,,xvii4 _h be5 m]cifully  
op5$ by dea?4  #aaj  ,! emigrants 7     
c>eful to keep up ) _! exil$ mon>*  all 
! =ms & traditions :i* w\ld h surr\nd$  
him _h  he be5 peaceably sitt+ on !     
?rone ( 8 fa!rs4 ,x is  wor? :ile to    
give ! pr9cess's own words3      ,sire3 
,x is n at ! mom5t :5 ,i am ab\t to h ! 
happ9ess ( consecrat+ myself to ,god t  
,i c\ld =get =    ! fir/ "t :at ,i owe  
to my k+4 ,i h = long pa/ felt    myself
 call$ to ! religi\s /ate1 & ,i h come  
to ,tur91    :]e ! k9dness & fri5d%ip ( 
! ,que5 ( ,s>d9ia has    giv5 me ! means
 to execute my design--a design :i* has 
be5 well exam9$ & reflect$ ^u2 b1 be=e  
its f9al    accompli%m5t1 ,i supplicate 
y\r maje/y to deign to give y\r         
cons5t to x4 ,i ask x ) ! m confid5ce   
because ,i am    c]ta9 x w n be refus$1 
& t y\r piety1 sire1 w    cause y to f9d
 consolation 9 see+ a pr9cess ( y\r     

blood inve/$ ) ! liv]y ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  
,may ,god1 ^:    inf9ite m]cy ,i h s    
wond]fully exp]i5c$1 he> !    pray]s ,i 
%all con/antly make = ! ree/abli%m5t ( !
    alt> & ! ?rone 9 my un=tunate       
c\ntry4 ,!y w be z    e>ne/ z ! ef=ts ( 
my relatives = ! same object4 ,!        
desire = ! p]sonal happ9ess ( y\r maje/y
 is equally 9    my he>t4 ,i implore him
 to be p]suad$ ( x4 ,i am1 etc41        
,l\ise ,adlaide ,de ,b\rbon ,cond4      
,tur91 ,novemb]1 #agie4    ,!re c\ld be 
no d\bt ( ! devotion ( ,l\ise's family  
to !  cause ( ,l\is ,,xviii4 ,h] fa!r1  
bro!r1 & nephew 7 all  "u arms = !      
re/oration ( 8 cr[n1 & ,delille         
celebrat$ ! incid5t 9 v]se3      ,trois 
gnrations vont ensemble  la gloire4     
,! k+ wrote back to ! royal po/ulant3   
,y h deeply reflect$1 my de> c\s91 on ! 
/ep :i*    y h tak54 ,y\r fa!r has giv5 
8 cons5t4 ,i give m9e    also1 or r1 ,i 
give y up to ,provid5ce1 :o requires ?is
    sacrifice f me4 ,i w n conceal f y t
 x is a    great "o1 & x is ) deep      

regret t ,i give up ! hope    ( see+ y  
by y\r virtues become "o day an example 
to my    c\rt1 & an edification to all  
my subjects4 ,i h b "o    consolation1 &
 x is t ( ?9k+ t1 :ile ! c\rage    &    
tal5ts ( y\r ne>e/ relations are aid+ me
 to recov]    ! ?rone ( ,/4 ,l\is1 y\r  
pray]s w draw d[n !    b5$ictions ( !   
,mo/ ,high on my cause1 & aft]w>d on all
    my reign4 ,i recomm5d x to y1 & ,i  
pray y1 my de>    c\s91 to be well      
p]suad$ ( my fri5d%ip = y4        ,l\is4
    ,on ! #bf? ( ,novemb]1 #agih1 !     
,que5 ( ,s>d9ia took h]  c\s9 to !      
conv5t1 & saw h] ent] on ! mode ( life  
%e  _h s ard5tly desir$ = h]self1 b f   
:i* %e _h be5  sev]$4 ,& "h ,l\ise began
 to lead at once a life ( h>d%ip  &     
au/]ity4 ,e>ne/ 9 all ?+s by "*1 %e ?rew
  h]self into ! practice ( h] rule1 &   
became a model to all  ! novitiates4 ,%e
 c\nt$ ! mon?s z !y pass$ :i*  %\ld br+ 
h] to h] pr(ession day2 b x 0 n to be4  
,god  saw fit to purify h] by _m        
suff]+s1 by long anxieties1  be=e %e    

%\ld f9d re/ 9 8 h\se4 ,%e 0 to be !    
in/rum5t = a great "w = 8 glory1 & by _m
  vicissitudes %e 0 to be tra9$ & fitt$ 
= x4  #aaa  ,! ,fr5* ,directory _h      
decl>$ w> aga9/ ,pi$mont1 !  pr9cess's  
pres5ce endang]$ ! :ole ( h] community1 
&  %e ha/5$ to quit _! ro( & take refuge
 tempor>ily at  ! conv5t ( !            
,annonciades1 f :5ce1 z %e 0 only a     
bo>d]1 %e c\ld fly at any mom5t2 b be=e 
leav+ h]  conv5t %e cut (f h] hair4 ,z a
 witness to h]self1 %e wrote  ( ! firm  
resolution %e _h tak5 ( liv+ = ,god     
only4 ,no  "o b ,god1 %e said long      
aft]w>d1 c\ld tell :at h]  suff]+s 7 at 
hav+ to leave h] conv5t2 b %e adds3  ,! 
graces t ,god p\r$ ^u me 9 t holy h\se  
gave !  necess>y /r5g? to my s\l to be> 
! long trials :i* ,i _h  to pass ?r\gh =
 s _m ye>s6 ,few recitals are m  t\*+   
?an ! suff]+s ( ?is poor novice1 ?us    
r\ghly  torn away f h] belov$ conv5t4   
,%ortly aft] %e took up h]  abode ) !   
,annonciades1 a pr(ession ( "o ( _!     
novices  took place1 & ! c]emony made ! 

poor pr9cess feel h]  disappo9tm5t m    
bitt]ly4 ,accord+ to ! cu/om ( !  ord]1 
! novice wore a cr[n ( fl[]s1 & h] cell 
& h]  b$ 7 bo? deck$ ) !m1 & ! sight    
mov$ ,l\ise de  ,cond to te>s1 &1 :5 !  
novice pron\nc$ h] v[s1 h]  sobs almo/  
/ifl$ h]4 ,%e said to h]self t %e 0     
unwor?y to become ! sp\se ( ,*ri/1 &    
!re=e ^!  ob/acles _h aris52 &1 humbl+  
h]self at ! feet ( h]  ,"l1 %e bewail$ !
 follies ( h] life 9 ! _w1 ( :i*  %e    
took a f> h>%] view ?an ^? did :o knew  
h[ x _h  be5 pass$1 & %e implor$ him to 
h m]cy on h] &  o!rs1 to atta9 a p]fect 
resignation to 8 w4    ,%e _h n left h] 
conv5t too soon4 ,! rapid approa* ( !   
,fr5* army on ,tur9 oblig$ h] to quit ! 
city & direct h]  /eps t[>d ,switz]l&4  
,!re %e hop$ to f9d a conv5t (  ,trappi/
 nuns :o w\ld v5ture to receive h]2 b1  
:5 %e _h  pass$ ,m\nt ,/4 ,b]n>d1 %e    
f\nd t ! community _h n  yet be5 able to
 f9d a re/+-place 9 ,switz]l&4 ,%e      
travell$ on to ,bav>ia1 & 0 told t no   
,fr5* emigrant  c\ld rema9 9 ! c\ntry4  

,v]ily1 x seem$ z if %e 7  de/9$ to h   
n[h]e to lay h] head4 ,%e did n "k :]e  
to turn2 = w> 0 rul+ 9 all directions1 &
 h] "n 0  dread$ by all :o desir$ to    
keep a neutral "p 9 !  conflict4 ,%e 0  
driv5 to seek refuge at ,vi5na1 & w5t to
  bo>d ) a conv5t ( ,visitation nuns2 = 
?is ord] %e did  n feel any attraction1 
& %e *]i%$ ! hope t !  ,trappi/ nuns1 ( 
:om %e _h he>d w\ld be able to f9d a    
place ( refuge & receive h] among _!    
numb]4 ,:ile ?us  wait+1 %e took1 by !  
advice ( h] confessor1 ! ?ree v[s       
privately1 ?us b9d+ h]self z closely z  
possible to h]  crucifi$ ,"l4 ,h]       
description ( ?is action ( h] life gives
  a great insight into ! beauty ( h]    
s\l4 ,deep humility1 a  f]v5t love (    
,god1 & a *ild-l simplicity 7 h] em95t  
*>act]i/ics4 ,%e made ^! v[s at         
communion1 unkn[n to all  save ,god1 8  
angels1 & h] spiritual guide4 ,!n %e    
said !  ,te ,deum & ,magnificat1 :i*    
w\ld h be5 sung  s joyfully by h] si/]s 
_h %e be5 suff]$ to rema9 among  !m4 ,i 

neglect$ n 9 _s1 %e adds1 ! c]emony ( ! 
fun]al pall1 begg+ f ,god ! grace to die
 to all1 s z to  live only 9 ,god & =   
,god4    ,?is private act ( consecration
 0 an imm5se com=t to h]2  b x by no    
means prev5t$ h] long+ & /riv+ to re5t] 
a conv5t1 & all h] hopes cont9u$ to be  
fix$ on ,la ,trappe4    #aab    ,at ?is 
p]iod an affect+ meet+ took place betwe5
 h] &  ,madame ,royale1 ! only survivor 
( ! royal victims ( !  ,temple1 ! "y    
girl born to "o ( ! highe/ de/9ies 9    
?is _w1 & ^: y\? _h be5 ov]%ad[$ by a   
trag$y s  prolong$ & s frightful t      
hi/ory c sc>ce furni% a  p>allel case4  
,x is only extraord9>y t reason _h      
surviv$  su* awful suff]+1 fall+ on "o s
 "y & s t5d]ly  nurtur$4 ,is x any wond]
 t a %ade 0 ca/ ov] ! re/ (  h] life1 & 
t %e 0 nev] among ! light-he>t$ or !    
gay8 ,f ,vi5na %e wrote to ,que5        
,clotilde3 ,i h _h a great  pleasure "h 
9 f9d+ t ! virtues ( my aunt ,elizabe?  
7 well kn[n1 & %e is spok5 ( ) v5]ation4
 ,i hope  t "o day ! pope w place my    

relation 9 ! li/ (  sa9ts4 ,x 01 no     
d\bt1 a great com=t to h] to speak      
freely  ) ,l\ise ( ! aunt & c\s9 bo? _h 
s fondly lov$4  ,l\ise c\ld tell ,madame
 ,royale _m anecdotes ( ! y\? (  "o ^:  
end _h be5 s sa9tly4 ,we mu/ n[ say a   
few words  ab\t ! conv5t :i* ! pr9cess  
wi%$ to ent]4    ,:5 ! ord] ( ,la       
,trappe 0 suppress$ 9 ,france1 9 common 
) ^? ( o!r religi\s 9 #agij1 ! ,abb     
,l',e/range1  call$ 9 religion ,dom     
,augu/91 0 ma/] ( novices1 & he         
conceiv$ ! idea ( remov+ ! :ole         
community f ,france  in/ead ( disp]s+ x4
    ,aft] _m difficulties ?is 0         
accompli%$1 & ! mona/]y  0 f\nd$ at     
,val-,sa9te1 ne> ,frib\rg4 ,! abb n[    
conceiv$  ! idea ( f\nd+ a conv5t (     
,trappi/ nuns1 to be compos$  *iefly (  
^? religi\s :o _h be5 driv5 f _! own    
conv5ts1 & ( fre% novices4 ,! director (
 ,madame ,l\ise _h  _m d\bts z to !     
advisability ( h] ent]+ ?is  community2 
b h] desire = x 0 s ard5t1 & cont9u$ s  
long1 t he )drew 8 opposition2 & :5 !   

community _h  really tak5 root1 ne> t ( 
! ,trappi/ monks1 "u !  title ( !       
,mona/]y ( ! ,w ( ,god1 ,l\ise de ,cond 
set  out f ,vi5na & ent]$ x4 ,none b !  
sup]iors knew :o  %e 0--su* 0 !         
simplicity ( h] dress1 s retir+ h]      
mann]s1 s humble 7 all h] ways2 b in/ead
 ( a pr9cess  _m ( ! religi\s ?\ght h]  
to be ( l[ly extraction1 &  wond]$ t    
,dom ,augu/9 gave h] s mu* ( 8 "t4 ,)   
great delight %e receiv$ ! holy habit & 
began to practise  ! rule4 ,! life 0 a  
h>d "o2 ! h\se 0 a great deal too  small
 = ! numb] ( religi\s :o occupi$ x2 !re 
0 a  great want ( fre% air2 & ! rule &  
au/]ities 7 mo/  try+4 ,9 a v few mon?s 
! torr5t ( ,european w> 0  ab\t to p\r  
d[n on ,switz]l&1 & ! :ole community 7  
oblig$ to take a ha/y dep>ture4 ,dom    
,augu/9 c\ld see no  o!r place ( refuge 
= 8 flock ?an ! %ores ( ,russia1  & he  
bade ,l\ise de ,cond use h] influ5ce ) !
 emp]or to  all[ !m to take up _! abode 
9 8 k+dom4 ,! ,emp]or  ,paul 0 ! same   
:o1 z ar*duke & "u ! title ( ,comte  du 

,nord1 _h sat by ! pr9cess's side at !  
brilliant banquets  & fe/ivities (      
,*antilly4 ,l\ise wrote to him ) all !  
grace ( a ,fr5* woman3 ,i beg ! amiable 
,comte du ,nord to  become my int]pret] 
) ! ,emp]or ,paul4 ,! advance ( !       
republican army 0 s rapid t !re 0 no "t 
to wait = a  reply4  #aac  ,! community 
7 divid$ into diff]5t b&s1 & />t$ at    
diff]5t times & by diff]5t r\tes1 all   
agree+ to reunite  _! =ces 9 ,bav>ia4 ,!
 vicissitudes ( ?is "o j\rney  w\ld be  
en\gh = a good-siz$ volume c\ld we g    
into its  details4 ,at "o place %e is   
receiv$ by ! bi%op ( !  diocese z a     
pr9cess1 only to be driv5 out by ! civil
  au?orities2 at ano!r %e 0 lodg$ 9 a   
bake-h\se1  full ( dirt & smoke4 ,%e    
obs]v$ only x 0 q good  en\gh = h]1 & t 
%e 0 v happy4 ,at ano!r "t !  cook      
neglects to cleanse ! copp]             
cook+-vessels1 & !  :ole community are  
all b poison$4 ,:5 ! answ] came f  !    
,emp]or ,paul1 x 0 f\nd t he cons5t$ to 
receive  ?irty ( ! religi\s only1 to :om

 he promis$ support z well  z           
protection4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 to f9d
 "s place  = ! o!rs1 & ,l\ise accompani$
 "s ( h] si/]s &  ! monks to ,vi5na1 :]e
 h] =m] fri5ds1 ! good  ,visitation     
nuns1 gave a refuge to ano!r b& ( !     
,trappi/s4  ,not)/&+ all ^! *anges1     
,l\ise z /rictly z possible  obs]v$ !   
rule ( h] ord] & ! ex]cises ( h]        
novitiate4 ,be+ desir$ by h] sup]iors to
 write d[n h]  ?\ghts on ! religi\s     
life1 %e in/antly compli$1 ?\gh  %e said
 aft]w>d x 0 difficult to d s 9 ! mid/ (
  f\rte5 p]sons1 cr[d$ toge!r 9 a v     
small room1 & all  at diff]5t           
occupations4 ,x 0 true !y kept sil5t1 b 
!y  _h to ask necess>y que/ions ( !     
prioress1 & among s _m  ?is necessity 0 
v frequ5t4    ,%e 0 n[ desir$ to set out
 = ,russia1 & ?us und]take  ano!r long  
j\rney ( discom=t & fatigue4 ,p urg$ h] 
to leave ! ord]1 say+ t ! weakness ( h] 
knee1 :i*  _h nev] :olly recov]$ f !    
fall %e _h _h _m ye>s  be=e1 w\ld r5d] x
 impossible = h] to be useful4 ,%e      

repli$ t1 if %e 7 only all[$ to keep !  
lamp burn+  be=e ! bless$ sacram5t1 %e  
w\ld be cont5t$4 ,s %e set  out = ,or*a1
 ! t[n nam$ by ! emp]or = _! reception4 
,x prov$ a really t]rible j\rney2       
sometimes ! religi\s _h  to sleep "u !  
op5 sky2 !y _h ! r\ghe/ food1 & m  ?an  
once 7 )\t any = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,b nev]
 once  did ! pati5ce1 sweetness1 &      
p]fect cont5t ( ,l\ise de  ,cond fail2  
h] face 0 always bright1 = h] :ole s\l 0
  fill$ ) ! "o ?\ght--a desire ( do+    
p5ance4 ,!  arrival 9 ,russia did n put 
an end to ! difficulties (  ei!r ,madame
 ,l\ise or h] ord]4 ,x 0 necess>y to    
make "s  arrangem5t = ! re/ ( !         
community left 9 ,g]many4 ,!  ,emp]or   
,paul f9ally agre$ to receive fifty4    
,dom ,augu/9  accord+ly w5t to fet* !m4 
,dur+ 8 abs5ce no  communication c\ld be
 held ) him1 :ile v>i\s (f]s (  help1   
:i* _h to be accept$ or refus$1 7 br\ght
 to !  pr9cess1 emb>rass+ h] greatly4   
,aft] t5 mon?s ( ?is susp5se ,dom       
,augu/9 return$1 hav+  made up 8 m9d to 

g to ,am]ica4 ,?is 0 a sev]e bl[  to    
,madame ,l\ise2 =1 be+ /ill a novice1 x 
became a grave  "q :e!r %e w\ld1 9 su*  
circum/ances1 be "r 9  accompany+ !m1 & 
aft] mu* pray] & ?\ght %e1 by !  c\nsel 
( h] director1 decid$ to leave4 ,once m 
0 %e to  be driv5 out into ! cold _w2   
once m h] he>t's desire  cross$1 h]     
hopes delay$ indef9itely4 ,i ?\ght t    
,god  will$ 9 8 ju/ice to break my he>t1
 & ?us arre/ its  impetu\s ardor4  #aad 
,i _h once m to /rip myself ( ! liv]y ( 
! ,"l1 :i*  _h be5 my glory & my        
happ9ess4 ,i did x1 & did n  die1 t is  
all ,i c say4 ,be=e h] dep>ture %e      
implor$  ! emp]or1 & all ov] :om %e _h  
any p]sonal influ5ce1 to  cont9ue _!    
k9dness to ! ord]4 ,9 reality1 x 0 a    
good  ?+ = ! ord] t ,madame ,l\ise      
quitt$ x1 z ev5ts  aft]w>d prov$4 ,"o ( 
! v fir/ communities all[$ by  ,bonap>te
 to re5t] ,france 0 ?is v "o1 & he      
c]ta9ly  w\ld n h done s _h a ,b\rbon   
be5 9 its ranks4 ,x is  true 8 favor 0 b
 %ort-liv$1 & ! ,trappi/s _h aga9  to   

fly to ,am]ica1 b _! return to ,france  
_h be5 9 _m  ways a b5efit2 & 9 #ahae !y
 came back aga91 & e/abli%$  !mselves at
 ,belle ,fonta9e & at ,meill]age4 ,!    
latt] h\se  has long s9ce become        
celebrat$4 ,dom ,augu/9 rea*$ ,rome1 &  
receiv$ _m m>ks ( approval f ! pope = 8 
long &  e>ne/ /ruggle 9 ! cause ( 8     
ord]4 ,he di$ at ,lyons 9  #ahbg4    ,& 
n[ :]e 0 ! exile to g8 ,:]e %\ld %e re/ 
h]  we>y head8 ,:]e & h[ beg9 life aga9 
"u a new aspect8  ,h] fa!r1 bro!r1 &    
nephew 7 ei!r engag$ 9 w>f>e1  or       
!mselves begg+ %elt] f di/ant c\ntries2 
h] fri5ds  7 scatt]$1 h] res\rces       
scanty4 ,a ,b5$ict9e nun :o _h  jo9$ !  
,trappi/ community quitt$ x1 accompani$ 
h]1 &  ,l\ise endeavor$ to foll[ "u h] a
 k9d ( novitiate4 ,!y  took refuge at   
la/ 9 a ,b5$ict9e conv5t 9 ,li?uania1 b 
:]e ! rule 0 n kept 9 its /rict         
obs]vance4 ,"h %e  rema9$ = two ye>s1   
mak+ all possible inquiries = a  conv5t 
9 :i* %e might be receiv$2 b ! great] "p
 7  de/roy$1 & ob/acles /ood 9 ! way (  

ent]+ any (  ^? %e he>d (4 ,%e wi%$1 (  
c\rse1 to be m ?an ev]  c>eful 9 ?is h] 
?ird *oice4 ,moreov]1 h] means (        
acquir+ in=mation 7 b small2 !re 0      
little  communication ) o!r c\ntries1 & 
few ( ! inhabitants  spoke ,fr5*4 ,:ile 
9 ,li?uania ,l\ise adopt$ an orphan (   
f\r  ye>s old1 a *ild ( good family     
r$uc$ to begg>y2 %e 0  nam$ ,elonore    
,dombr\%a4 ,at la/ %e he>d ( a conv5t at
  ,w>saw1 :i* seem$ z if x w\ld fulfil  
all h] desires2 &  n[1 inde$1 %e _h     
rea*$ ! place ,god _h de/9$  h] =4 ,"h  
%e 0 to lay ! f\ndation ( ! great "w =  
:i*1 by _m sorr[s1 by mu* disappo9tm5t1 
he _h be5  prep>+ h]4    ,a f\ndation ( 
,b5$ict9es ( ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t _h come
  f ,p>is to ,w>saw _m ye>s be=e1 & 7   
/ill exi/+3  !y kept ! ,b5$ict9e rule   
/rictly1 add+ to x !  adoration ( !     
,bless$ ,sacram5t4 ,madame ,l\ise ask$ &
  receiv$ p]mission ( ! ,k+ ( ,prussia  
to ent] 8  dom9ions4 ,he aft]w>d wrote z
 foll[s3      ,fr$]ick ,william1 by !   
,grace ,( ,god ,k+ ,( ,prussia3 ,z we   

h p]mitt$ ,madame la ,pr9cesse ,l\ise   
,adelaide de ,b\rbon    ,cond & ,madame 
de la ,brosiree1 :o arriv$ at ,w>saw !  
#ah? ( ,june1 to rema9 9 ! conv5t ( !   
,holy ,sacram5t1    :]e !y seem to wi%  
to end _! days1 we h 9    consequ5ce    
giv5 all necess>y ord]s to ! (ficials4  
,w>saw1 #bh ,augu/1 #ahja4    #aae    ,a
 /rik+ circum/ance occurr$ :ile on h]   
road to ,w>saw1 "o  ( ^? _m incid5ts ( !
 "t :i* has made ! hi/ory (  ! ,fr5*    
,revolution read l a romance4 ,hav+ to  
desc5d f  h] c>riage at ,?orn1 h] eyes  
fell on a woman poorly clad 9  ! /reet1 
evid5tly seek+ employm5t2 ! expression (
 h]  face 0 t ( suff]+1 b ( great       
sanctity4 ,! pr9cess  0 s /ruck by x t  
%e w5t up to h]1 & said by impulse1     
,madam1 7 y n a religi\s8 ,yes1 %e      
repli$1 impell$  to confid5ce by ! sweet
 face ( h] :o address$ h]4 ,&  !n ,l\ise
 le>nt t ! lady 0 an exil$ memb] ( !    
,fr5* ,si/]s ( ,calv>y1 driv5 into      
exile2 t h] sl5d]  means _h come to an  
end2 & t v day %e _h come out to  seek  

"w or to beg1 nei!r dismay$ nor yet     
afraid1 b putt+  h] full tru/ 9 ,div9e  
,provid5ce4    ,h] wants 7 suppli$1 & %e
 w\ld h ent]$ ! same  conv5t z ,madame  
,l\ise1 b t %e hop$ to rejo9 h] own     
community :5 !y %\ld reassemble4 ,?is   
%ortly aft]w>d  took place1 & ! g5]osity
 ( ,madame ,l\ise furni%$ !  means = h] 
j\rney home1 & %e liv$ _m ye>s 9 h]     
conv5t1 lead+ a holy life1 & di$ !re 9  
peace4    ,at la/ ,madame ,l\ise comm5c$
 h] ?ird novitiate1 &  f\nd 9 h] new    
ord] all t c\ld p]fectly satisfy h]     
he>t4 ,%e took ! habit 9 ,septemb]1     
#ahja1 & all ! royal  family ( ,prussia 
7 pres5t at ! c]emony2 ! ,bi%op (       
,w>saw prea*$ ! s]mon1 & bade h] glorify
 h] conv5t =  ev]1 n by ! clat ( h] "n &
 ( h] royal bir?1  b by h] religi\s     
virtues4 ,! habit :i* %e _h tak51  add$ 
he1 & :i* %e _h pref]r$ to all ! pomps (
 !  _w1 0 b ! ext]ior m>k ( a           
consecration & a  sacrifice t h] he>t _h
 long s9ce made4 ,z a novice ,madame    
,l\ise r$\bl$ h] f]vor & exactness 9    

religi\s life1 )  _m anxi\s hopes &     
pray]s t ?is "t ! day ( h]  pr(ession   
w\ld really come4 ,a sorr[ came ^u h] 9 
! news  ( ! dea? ( h] e>ly & lov$ fri5d1
 ,clotilde ( ,s>d9ia1  ^: s\l pass$ to  
,god 9 ,m>*1 #ahjb1 :ile h] :ole p1     
anticipat+ only ! voice ( ! *ur*1 call$ 
h] a sa9t4 ,on  ! #ba/ ( ,septemb]1     
#ahjb1 ,l\ise made h] solemn pr(ession4 
,i pron\nc$ my v[s publicly1 %e said1 b 
) su*  feel+s t ,i c truly say my he>t  
pron\nc$ !m ) a  ?\s& times great] /r5g?
 ?an my m\?4 ,%e n[ retook  h] religi\s 
"n1 :i* %e _h *os5 twice be=e1 ,soeur   
,m>ie ,joseph de la ,misricorde4 ,! life
 ( an ord9>y good  religi\s w\ld h seem$
 suffici5tly difficult = a  pr9cess1 b  
,l\ise w\ld d no?+ by halves4 ,%e       
practis$  ! highe/ virtues ( h] /ate1   
be>+ undes]v$ blame  )\t a ^w ( excuse2 
%e nev] murmur$ "u labors2 %e  0 ob$i5t1
 g5tle1 & humble4 ,s anxi\s 0 %e to     
prev5t  h] rank be+ an occasion = rais+ 
h] to (fices (  au?ority t %e wrote to !
 pope ^! words3      ,mo/ ,holy ,fa!r3  

,l\ise ,adlaide de ,b\rbon ,cond1 n[    
,m>ie ,joseph de la    ,misricorde1     
pr(ess$ religi\s ( ! conv5t ( !         
,p]petual ,adoration ( ! ,mo/ ,holy     
,sacram5t1 ord] ( ,sa9t    ,b5$ict1 at  
,w>saw1 supplicates y\r hol9ess t y     
deign1    = ! repose & tranquillity ( ! 
s\l ( ! suppliant1    to decl>e h]      
depriv$ ( active & passive voice1 & to  
disp5se h] f all ! pr9cipal (fices ( !  
community4    #aaf    ,! holy fa!r saw  
fit to grant ! reque/1 & s5t a brief on 
! subject to h]4      ,! ef=ts t y make 
to atta9 ,*ri/ian p]fection 9    ^!     
unhappy days1 wrote ,pius ,,vii41 h     
fill$ u ) joy1    & make u hope t !     
,div9e ,sp\se to :om y h made    !      
laudable sacrifice ( y\rself w n fail to
 grant y    8 grace1 9 ord] t1 by !     
exact & religi\s    obs]vation ( ! rules
 ( ! in/itute :i* y h    *os51 y w atta9
 ! end t y propos$ to y\rself    9      
embrac+ ) s mu* joy ?is /ate ( life4 444
 ,we s5d    y ! lett]s ( disp5sation t y
 say are necess>y =    ! p]fect         

tranquillity ( y\r m9d1 desir+ no?+ m   
?an to remove ! ob/acles :i* c\ld de/roy
 y\r peace2    & fur!r1 we give y ) our 
:ole he>t ! apo/olical    b5$iction1 z a
 pro( ( our pat]nal fri5d%ip4    ,& n[  
"o ( ! %>pe/ sorr[s ( ,l\ise de ,cond's 
life 0  at h&4 ,an ev5t :i* 01 ev5 9 t  
age ( cruelties1 to  /rike ,europe )    
horror 0 to fall ) bitt]e/ =ce on !     
he>t ( ! pr9cess4 ,religi\s life does n 
ext+ui% !  affections ( ! he>t2 x b     
regulates1 ennobles1 & purifies  !m2 & !
 ,duc d',enghi5 0 z t5d]ly lov$ by !    
aunt :o  _h n se5 him = _m ye>s1 sp5t 9 
devotion to ,god1 z  :51 9 ! halls (    
,*antilly1 %e _h wat*$ 8 *ildi%         
gambols4 ,! pray] %e _h (f]$ up 9 8     
*ildhood 0  cont9u$ m f]v5tly1 m        
con/antly1 z ! dang]s to 8  body & s\l  
increas$4 ,%e foll[$ him 9 commis]ation 
?r\gh ! busy sc5es 9 :i* 8 lot 0 ca/1 & 
%e saw  him brave1 loyal1 & honorable1 a
 good son & a good husb&4  ,:5 ,l\is    
,,xviii4 consult$ him1 9 #ahjc1 9 common
 ) !  o!r ,fr5* pr9ces1 z to ! answ] he 

%\ld return to !  proposal ( ,bonap>te t
 he %\ld r5\nce ! ?rone (  ,france1 !   
duke wrote3 ,y\r maje/y kn[s too well ! 
blood  :i* runs 9 my ve9s to h _h ! lea/
 d\bt z to !  answ] :i* y dem& f me4 ,i 
am a ,fr5*man1 sire2 & a  ,fr5*man :o is
 fai?ful to 8 ,god1 to 8 k+1 & to 8  v[s
 ( honor4 ,we h no space to dwell on !  
trea*]y &  ! cruelty ( ! capture & dea? 
( ?is "y pr9ce1 "o (  ! faire/ hopes ( !
 h\se ( ,b\rbon4 ,9 va9 did he ev5  ask 
= a prie/2 b t ungrant$ reque/ mu/ h    
c>ri$  consolation to ! he>t ( ,madame  
,l\ise4 ,z we read ( 8  cutt+ (f 8 hair 
to s5d to 8 ,*>lotte1 we are =cibly     
rem9d$ ( ano!r pr9ce1 :o 0 trea*]\sly   
sla91 s5d+  a la/ adieu to ano!r unhappy
 pr9cess ( ! same "n4 ,to !  doors ( !  
conv5t at ,w>saw1 be>+ ! news1 came !   
,abb  ,edgewor?1 ^: mission x 0 to      
console & help !  un=tunate h\se (      
,b\rbon4 ,he _h att5d$ ! la/ mom5ts (   
,l\is ,,xvi42 he _h /ood by him on !    
scaffold1 undaunt$ by !  cr[d1 & bade ! 
son ( ,/4 ,l\is asc5d to heav52 he _h   

be5 ! director ( ,madame ,elizabe?2 he  
_h jo9$ ! h&s (  ,madame ,royale & !    
,duc d',ang\lme 9 m>riage2 & n[ he  came
 to break ! news ( ! la/ great sorr[ to 
,madame ,l\ise4  ,! ,mre ,sa9te ,rose   
br\ght a crucifix to ! pr9cess1 & h]    
c\nt5ance told h] ! re/4 ,l\ise fell on 
h] face on !  e>?1 cry+ out1 ,m]cy1 my  
,god6 h m]cy on him6 ,!n %e  rose1 &1   
go+ to ! *apel1 p\r$ out h] s\l be=e    
,him  :o alone c\ld com=t h]4  #aag     
,p>don ! faults ( 8 y\?1 ,o ,"l6 %e     
cri$1 &  rememb] h[ cruelly 8 blood has 
be5 %$4 ,glory &  mis=tune h att5d$ him 
?r\gh life2 b :at we  call glory--has x 
any m]it 9 ?y eyes8 ,m]cy1 my ,god6     
m]cy6  ,b h] pray]s did n end "h4 ,f t  
"t =w>d !re  rose up be=e ! ?rone ( ,god
 a con/ant cry = m]cy = !  s\l (        
,napoleon ,bonap>te1 f ! lips ( h] ^:   
de>e/  e>?ly hopes he _h de/roy$4 ,%e   
nev] made a retreat  aft]w>d )\t devot+ 
mu* pray] & p5ance = !  r$emption ( !   
enemy ( h] "n & race4 ,=giv5ess (       
injuries 0 an especial *>act]i/ic ( !   

,b\rbon family1  & none excell$ 9 x m   
?an ,madame ,l\ise4    ,& n[ ano!r *ange
 await$ ! poor pr9cess3 ?ick1 inde$1  ^u
 h] head came trial aft] trial4 ,no?+   
c\ld1 inde$1 take  f h] n[ ! happ9ess ( 
be+ a pr(ess$ ,b5$ict9e2 b  t %e %\ld   
rema9 peaceably 9 "o conv5t = a long "t 
0 h>dly to be hop$ = at ?is p]iod4 ,!   
,lu!ran ,prussian  gov]nm5t began to    
int]f]e ) ! gov]nm5t ( ! conv5t1  to h a
 voice 9 ! election ( sup]iors1 &1 (    
c\rse1 to  int]f]e1 at lea/ indirectly1 
) ! rule4 ,probably !  pres5ce ( ,madame
 ,l\ise made !m take m notice ( t       
conv5t ?an !y w\ld o!rwise h done4 ,be=e
 quitt+ x1  h[ev]1 z ?is 0 a s]i\s /ep  
to be tak5 volunt>ily by a  religi\s :o 
has made a v[ ( enclosure1 %e wrote =   
c\nsel  to ! ?ree ,fr5* bi%ops ( ,lon1  
,vannes1 & ,nantes1 :o 7  !n all liv+ 9 
,london4 ,_! unit$ op9ion 01 t !        
reasons 7 well gr\nd$ & v solid1 & t !  
repose (  h] consci5ce & h] advancem5t 9
 ! p]fection ( h]  /ate1 exact ?is      
*ange4 ,hav+ receiv$ p]mission f !      

bi%op ( ! diocese1 & ! full cons5t ( h] 
prioress1 :o  bitt]ly m\rn$ ov] !       
?raldom 9 :i* ! community 7  held1      
,l\ise de ,cond once m w5t out into     
exile1 & ?is  "t direct$ h] /eps t[>d   
,engl&4 ,%e l&$ at ,graves5d1  & 01 we  
suppose1 ! fir/ nun s9ce ! ,re=mation :o
 0  receiv$ ) public honors by ! ,briti%
 au?orities4 ,9 ,london  %e met h] fa!r 
& bro!r1 :om %e _h n se5 s9ce !  ye>    
#agie1 & :o _h s9ce t "t endur$ s mu*1 &
 :o  7 /ill suff]+ s acutely "u _! rec5t
 sorr[ 9 !  execution ( ! ,duc          
d',enghi54 ,!re mu/ h be5 a /rangely    
m+l$ feel+ ( pa9 & pleasure 9 ?is sad   
meet+4 ,aft]  rema9+ a few days 9       
,london1 h] fa!r & bro!r escort$  h] to 
a ,b5$ict9e conv5t at ,rodney ,hall1    
,norfolk1 :]e a  refuge _h be5 (f]$ to  
h]4 ,?is community foll[$ !  mitigat$   
rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict1 b ,l\ise 0 all[$ to 
obs]ve  ! fa/s & o!r po9ts to :i* %e _h 
b\nd h]self by h]  pr(ession ( ! rule 9 
its /rict obs]vance4    ,9 ?is h\se !re 
7 fifty *oir nuns1 eight lay si/]s1 &  a

 l>ge s*ool ( "y ladies4 ,:]ev] ,madame 
,l\ise w5t1 %e  0 accompani$ by ! ,mre  
,sa9te ,rose & ! little ,elonore        
,dombr\%a1 ! *ild ( h] adoption4 ,9 ?is 
community ,l\ise  0 greatly belov$4 ,!re
 0 ab\t h] a sweetness & a  simplicity1 
a self-=getfulness & *>ity = o!rs :i*   
gave h] an inexpressible *>m4 ,%e 0     
truly noble 9 "*  z well z 9 bir?4 ,%e  
gave t example :i* ,god int5ds  ^?      
highly born 7z we call x7 to give--t ( m
 closely  resembl+ ,him ^: bir? 0 inde$ 
a royal & noble "o4  #aah  ,dur+ h] /ay 
9 ,norfolk1 ! ,pr9cess ,l\ise suff]$    
greatly  f bad heal?4 ,! trials %e _h   
und]gone1 ! anxiety (  m9d1 h] long     
j\rneys1 & ! sev]ity ( ! obs]vances to  
:i* %e _h b\nd h]self _h _! effect ^u h]
 frame4 ,m  ?an once !re 0 su* cause =  
s]i\s al>m t ! ,pr9ce  de ,cond & ,duc  
de ,b\rbon came to see h]4 ,x is        
probable1 too1  t ! ,engli% climate1 &  
especially ! "p ( ! c\ntry  9 :i* %e 0  
liv+1 might n h agre$ ) h]2 !  conv5t1  
besides1 0 n suffici5tly l>ge1 & x 0 a  

favorable *ange 9 all respects :5 !     
community remov$ to  ,hea?4 ,"h ,madame 
,l\ise met ) "o ^: acqua9tance %e       
conceiv$ to be "o ( ! greate/ bless+s ( 
h] life4    ,! ,society ( ,jesus 0 n z  
yet re/or$ to ! *ur*2 b  _m ( its anci5t
 memb]s 7 liv+1 & %[$ by _!  lives :at  
_h be5 ! heav5ly _s 9 :i* !y _h be5     
tra9$4 ,preem95tly among ^! 0 ! ,pre de 
la ,fonta9e1  & x 0 to ?is holy man     
,l\ise became kn[n :ile 9 ,engl&4  ,he  
(t5 said ,mass at ! conv5t1 & frequ5tly 
saw !  pr9cess4 ,"u 8 direction1 ! s\l (
 ,l\ise made rapid  progress t[>d       
p]fection4 ,he und]/ood :at ,god requir$
 f  h]1 & taught h] h[ to correspond )  
,god4 ,among o!r  valuable advice :i* he
 gave h]1 & :i* %e committ$ to  pap]1 ! 
foll[+ is rem>kable3 ,a sp\se ( ,jesus  
,*ri/  ought absolutely to avoid all    
communication ) ,prote/ant  society4 ,_!
 want ( delicacy1 9 g5]al1 on ^? po9ts  
:i* w\nd a he>t consecrat$ to ,god 9 all
 purity1 & _!  unbelief1 (t5 am\nt+ to  
av]sion1 = ! great sacram5t (  ! love ( 

,jesus ,*ri/1 are two p[]ful reasons =  
keep+ at  a di/ance f !m4 ,a truly      
religi\s s\l has reason to fe>          
presumption & all its att5dant evils1 if
 %e all[s h]self1  )\t real necessity1  
to be drawn into su* dang]\s  int]c\rse4
    ,& s ! ye>s aga9 pass$ on & o!r     
*anges 7 at h&4  ,pray]s1 p5ances1 &    
suff]+s su* z ,l\ise de ,cond _h        
endur$1 & suff]+s :i* _h be5 borne also 
9 v>i\s  o!r ways by s _m holy s\ls     
among ! ,fr5* emigrants1 _h  br\ght d[n 
m]cy f ,god on _! unhappy c\ntry & on   
,europe4 ,! long w> 0 at an end1 !      
muskets _h fall5  f ! soldi]s' h&s1 &   
,napoleon 0 a captive4 ,l\is  ,,xviii4  
sat once m on ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r4 ,! fleur
 de  lis aga9 float$ f ! t[] ( ! ,l\vre4
 ,madame  ,royale1 :o _h be5 s5t out (  
,france z a prison]1 ransom$  by treaty1
 came back to hold ! c\rt ov] :i* h] "m 
_h  once presid$2 ! pr9ces ( !          
blood-royal ha/5$ back to  _! places1 & 
!re 0 a g5]al wi% t ,l\ise de ,cond     
%\ld be once m on h] native soil4 ,ah6  

:at a lifetime (  sorr[ _h %e pass$     
?r\gh s9ce %e left ,*antilly & h]  h\se 
9 ! ,rue ,monsieur1 & ev5 n[ %e w\ld n  
return to  !m4    ,no1 nev] aga9 c\ld %e
 come back to be ! pr9cess4 ,if %e      
return$ to ,france1 x mu/ be z !        
religi\s to ree/abli% a  conv5t ( h]    
ord]1 & ?us aid 9 br++ back religi\s    
life to ,france4 ,x mu/ be confess$ t   
r>ely 0 a p]son  m fitt$ = ! task4 ,none
 %\ld rule1 says a prov]b1 b  ^? :o h   
le>n$ to obey1 & ob$i5ce _h be5 a task  
:i* ! pr9cess _h well /udi$4  #aai  ,%e 
_h pass$ ?r\gh ?ree novitiates1 & %e _h 
9 h]  lifetime se5 ! managem5t ( eight  
diff]5t conv5ts1 & %e  _h kn[n well h[  
to pr(it by ! k %e ga9$4  ,accord+ly %e 
quitt$ ! conv5t at ,hea? ! #af? (       
,augu/1  #ahad1 & arriv$ 9 ,p>is j z all
 7 prep>+ to keep !  fte ( ,/4 ,l\is = !
 fir/ "t = _m ye>s4 ,%e  resid$ = a "t 9
 ! h\se ( h] bro!r1 ! ,duc de  ,b\rbon2 
b %e nev] quitt$ ! ap>tm5ts allott$ to  
h]1  & liv$ 9 ! utmo/ retirem5t1 wait+  
!re only till a  suitable conv5t c\ld be

 assign$ to h]4    ,! pap]s ( ! day1    
aft] m5tion+ h] arrival 9 ,p>is1  add$3 
,x 0 ! on dit t 8 maje/y propos$ to     
revive a royal f\ndation 9 h] favor1 &  
to e/abli% h] )  h] si/]s 9 a magnific5t
 mona/]y :i* w\ld be re/or$ to  its     
primitive de/9ation4 ,already x 0 sad to
 ?9k t !  *ur* ( ?is abbey _h be5 us$ = 
pr(ane purposes1 & !  fri5ds ( religion 
& ( art w\ld joyfully see ?is edifice   
re/or$4 ,x w\ld be purifi$ by e/abli%+  
!re !  p]petual adoration1 & by plac+   
!re a %9+ example (  piety 9 ! p]son ( a
 pr9cess devot$ 9 an especial mann]  to 
,god's s]vice4    ,?is edifice 0 ! gr&  
*ur* & mona/]y ( ,val du ,grce1  "o ( ! 
*ief monum5ts ( ! piety ( ,anne (       
,au/ria4 ,x  0 !n a hospital2 b1 z !    
pap] w5t on to rem>k1 !  sup]b *ur* 0 n 
( any especial use to ! sick1 & w\ld  be
 a noble "o = cultur$ religi\s4 ,h[ev]1 
! idea (  giv+ ,val du ,grce to ,madame 
,l\ise fell to ! gr\nd4 ,x  rema9$ a    
milit>y hospital1 & s cont9ues to ?is   
day2 b  ! sick are att5d$ day & night by

 ! si/]s ( *>ity (  ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul4
 ,& z _! =ms flit ?r\gh !  corridors1   
int5t on works ( love1 & z _! e>ne/     
pray]s  rise up 9 ! calm morn+ & close (
 ev5+ to heav51 !  f\nd]s & ! =m]       
possessors ( t spl5did pile are1 we     
?9k1 cont5t$ ,madame ,l\ise _h be5 s    
long abs5t t %e  knew n a s+le fri5d 9  
,p>is4 ,%e n[ ent]$ into  communication 
) ! ,abb d',a/ros1 vic>-g5]al ( !       
diocese ( ,p>is4 ,at h] v fir/ int]view 
) him %e felt  impell$ to give him h]   
full confid5ce1 & ?is at once gave  h] a
 pro( t x 0 really ! w ( ,god %e %\ld   
e/abli% a conv5t 9 ! diocese1 s9ce a    
full accord )  ecclesia/ical sup]iors is
 "o ( ! mo/ valuable helps a new        
f\ndation c h4 ,/ill1 ! place = ! conv5t
 rema9$  unc]ta91 & ! privy c\ncil to   
:om x belong$ to settle  ! affair did n 
deem x ( mu* importance1 & put x aside  
= o!r matt]s4 ,a fri5d ( ,madame ,l\ise1
 ! ,comtesse ,m>ie  de ,c\rson1 propos$ 
to h] t !y %\ld make a nov5a to  ,l\is  
,,xvi4 ,x is unusual to pray to ^? :om !

 *ur* has n  canoniz$1 b x is n =bidd5  
to d s privately2 & x 0  h>d to believe 
t ! s\l ( ! mon>* ^u :om _h fall5  !    
long & bitt] puni%m5t ( ! s9s ( 8       
ance/ors 0  n long s9ce 9 ! enjoym5t (  
p]fect happ9ess4 ,! nov5a  0 comm5c$ by 
a c]ta9 numb] ( e>ne/ & f]v5t s\ls4     
,on ! sev5? day1 at ! meet+ ( ! c\ncil1 
al?\gh mo/  press+ bus9ess 0 t day be=e 
its consid]ation1 a memb]  sudd5ly rose1
 & rem9d+ 8 colleagues t ! reque/ (     
,madame ,l\ise _h n be5 grant$1 & z if  
mov$ by an  irresi/ible impulse1 propos$
 t ! palace ( !  ,temple %\ld be giv5 to
 h]4  #abj  ,a sudd5 sil5ce fell on !   
assembly1 !n came a movem5t (  unanim\s 
cons5t4 ,:at bett] spot = a conv5t (    
expiation ?an t consecrat$ by su*       
memories--t 9  :i* su* innoc5t victims  
_h suff]$8 ,! he>t ( ,l\is  ,,xviii4 0  
deeply t\*$ by ! circum/ance4    ,truly1
 royal pomp & c]emony1 gala & fe/ivity1 
c\ld nev]  aga9 ent] ^? sorr[ful halls4 
,mo/ fitt+ w\ld x be to  consecrate !m  
to ,god1 & let an unceas+ /ra9 ( pray] &

  praise asc5d to heav54 ,"s d\bt$ :e!r 
! task w\ld n  be too pa9ful = ! pr9cess
 h]self1 & at ! fir/  ann\ncem5t %e did1
 9 tru?1 %r9k back4 ,%e _h kn[n !m  all 
s well1 _h lov$ ,elizabe? s t5d]ly1 _h  
wept ov] _!  fates s bitt]ly1 _h pray$ =
 !m s e>ne/ly1 %e miss$  !m1 n[ t %e 0  
once m at home2 & h[1 !n1 c\ld  %e be>  
to live = ev] )9 ^? walls1 :i* w\ld be  
an  et]nal record ( _! fate4    ,b !    
fir/ emotion pass$ away1 & %e began m   
fully to  und]/& :y %e _h be5 tri$ 9 !  
crucible ( suff]+s1  :y h] vocation _h  
be5 s (t5 cross$1 s h>dly tri$4 ,x  _h  
be5 all to br+ h] to ?is1 to let h] f\nd
 9 ,p>is a  conv5t ( expiation4 ,)\t ^? 
trials1 p]haps1 %e c\ld  nev] h borne ! 
sev]ity ( ! task1 ! sacrifice %e mu/  at
 once make on ent]+4 ,%e t5d]ly lov$    
,madame ,royale1 or  ,madame la         
,dauph9e1 z %e 0 n[ call$1 & x c\ld n be
  expect$ or ev5 wi%$ t %e %\ld revisit 
a spot :i* mu/  recall to h] ^? t]rible 
days ^: memory already  ov]%ad[$ h] life
 too mu*2 b ?is sacrifice ,l\ise 0      

ready to make1 & ! conv5t ( ! ,temple 0 
accept$4    ,workm5 7 engag$ to conv]t !
 old palace into a conv5t2  ! t[]s1 9 "o
 ( :i* ! royal family _h liv$1 7        
already demoli%$1 b x 0 easy to p]ceive 
:]e !y _h  /ood4 ,a ,beautiful g>d5     
surr\nd$ ! build+s1 p>tly 9 !  ,fr5*1   
p>tly 9 ! ,engli% /yle4 ,wat] br\ght up 
f !  ,se9e play$ 9 f\nta9s surr\nd$ by  
artificial rocks1 among  :i* a grotto 0 
=m$4 ,?is grotto 0 *ang$ into an        
oratory to ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & ano!r to 
,/4 ,b5$ict &  ,/4 ,s*ola/ica4 ,! ,comte
 de ,c\rson & ! ,abb d',a/ros  direct$ !
 alt]ations1 & all possible ha/e 0 be+  
made1  :51 l wild-fire1 ! news ran ?r\gh
 ! _w1 ,bonap>te  _h escap$ f ,elba1 & 0
 9 ,france4 ,! royal family fl$1  & once
 m ! ,pr9cess ,l\ise 0 to be an exile4  
,%e c\ld  n at once procure horses1 s = 
a week1 :i* happ5$ to be  holy week1 %e 
0 hidd5 9 ! h\se ( "o ( h] =m]          
att5dants4 ,! ,mre ,sa9te ,rose 0 tak5 v
 ill1 & !n  !re 0 ! s]i\s difficulty (  
procur+ passports4 ,h[  little c ^? :o  

live 9 ,london n[1 & :o breakfa/ at     
home & sup 9 ,p>is1 e/imate ! labor1 !  
pa91 ! dread1  :i* a timid p]son l      
,madame ,l\ise w\ld feel at hav+ to     
take ! we>y j\rney to ,engl&1 po/+ f    
,p>is to ,calais1  & !n a long1 /ormy   
passage1 to say no?+ ( ! dang]s (  be+  
/opp$ on ! r\te & tak5 to prison4 ,%e 0 
oblig$  to set (f on ,ea/]-day4 ,at !   
city gates !y 7 /opp$1  & x 0 only by a 
heavy bribe t !y 7 suff]$ to pass4  ,on 
! way !y f\nd !mselves 9 ! mid/ ( a     
popul>  tumult1 & 7 oblig$ to leave _!  
c>riages & hide till  x 0 ov]4  #aba    
,!y _h a v bad passage f ,calais1 b at  
,dov] ,madame  ,l\ise 0 receiv$ ) e m>k 
( respect & e/eem4    ,%e _h n ! com=t (
 return+ to ! conv5t at ,hea?1 =  x 0   
?\ght bett] t %e %\ld await ! c\rse (   
ev5ts  9 ,london1 & %e w5t to a hotel4  
,b a s]i\s illness 0 !  result ( ! sudd5
 %ock & j\rney1 & aft] h] recov]y  %e   
w5t to ! c\ntry-h\se ( a fri5d4 ,all    
?r\gh h]  aft]-life ,madame ,l\ise _h a 
great affection = ! ,engli%1  :o1 to d  

!m ju/ice1 7 c]ta9ly g5]\s t[>d !  ,fr5*
 emigrants4 ,%e 0 wont to say t _!      
g5]osity w\ld  w9 = !m ! grace (        
reconciliation ) ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*4     
,al?\gh ,napoleon's second reign la/$ b 
a hundr$  days1 ,madame ,l\ise did n    
return to ,france = f\rte5 mon?s1  p>tly
 on acc\nt ( heal?1 p>tly because %e    
wi%$ to be  fully conv9c$ ( ! /ability (
 ! ,b\rbon dyna/y be=e  %e comm5c$ h]   
ardu\s und]tak+4    ,:5 %e rea*$ ,p>is1 
! ,temple 0 n yet ready4 ,%e  resid$ "s 
"t 9 ! ,rue ,/4 ,dom9ique ) "o ( h] e>ly
  fri5ds4 ,!re %e made arrangem5ts )    
v>i\s po/ulants1  ) :om %e ent]$ ! new  
conv5t on ! second ( ,septemb]1  #ahaf4 
,! ,abb d',a/ros bless$ ! h\se & said ! 
fir/ ,mass  9 ! *apel4 ,& n[1 at la/1 %e
 _h f\nd a home2 & ?\gh  aft] h] _m     
vicissitudes1 aft] ! disappo9tm5ts & !  
rapid *anges %e _h se51 %e c\ld nev] h  
felt v  secure1 %e nev] aga9 quitt$ ^!  
walls4 ,%e ent]$ mo/  dilig5tly on h]   
duty z sup]ioress & z mi/ress ( novices2
  =1 ) ! exception ( ! ,mre ,sa9te ,rose

 & "o o!r  ,b5$ict9e nun :o jo9$ h]1 7h]
 own community hav+ be5  lo/ 9 !        
,revolution17 %e _h none b "y subjects  
to  gov]n4 ,besides ?is %e _h to        
sup]9t5d a l>ge s*ool =  "y ladies1 s t 
h] duties 7 multipli$ & heavy4 ,!       
acc\nt ( h] religi\s life is mo/ t\*+ & 
beautiful4  ,kn[+1 z we d1 h[ !         
di/9ctions ( rank cl+ r\nd our  human   
nature2 h[ con/antly1 ev] s9ce %e _h be5
 a nun1 %e  _h be5 oblig$ to rem9d o!rs 
n to make use ( t  v rank2 kn[+ also !  
exagg]at$ pre/ige paid "u !  old rgime  
to ! ,b\rbon race1 x is wond]ful to see 
h[  utt]ly %e =got h] bir? or ignor$ x4 
,%e 0 sixty ye>s  ( age2 %e 0 lame & 9  
delicate heal?2 yet %e kept !  rule     
rigidly2 0 g5tle to o!rs1 sev]e to      
h]self2 w\ld jo9  9 ! recreations ( h]  
"y novices1 & c\ld be se5 mak+  fun ) !m
 9 cutt+ ! wood = ! fires4 ,%e w\ld (t5 
take recreation ) ! lay si/]s1 & also   
c>efully in/ruct  !m4 ,9 ! infirm>y %e  
w\ld p]=m ! mo/ m5ial (fices  = ! sick1 
&1 9 %ort1 %e 0 a true "m at ! head (   

h] h\se4 ,^? :o neglect little          
sacrifices1 %e w\ld say1  are n likely  
to make great ones4 ,at ! appo9t$ times 
%e  w\ld n exempt h]self f ! p5ances :i*
 ! rule  p]mitt$ ! religi\s to use4 ,!  
fir/ "t t %e  pro/rat$ h]self at !      
refectory door1 9 ord] t all !  religi\s
 %\ld walk ov] h]1 _m ( !m c\ld n re/ra9
  _! emotion4 ,aft]w>d ! pr9cess reprov$
 !m sev]ely1  %[+ !m t all di/9ctions ( 
worldly rank 7 totally  contr>y to !    
religi\s _s4 ,if ! si/]s br\ght h]      
bett] food ?an ! o!rs1 !y 7 reprov$1 &  
=bidd5 to  d x aga92 or if !y tri$ to   
make h] /raw mattress any  s(t]1 !y met 
! same fate4 ,9 %ort1 to ! end ( h] days
  %e 0 ?or\gh1 e>ne/1 s+le-he>t$ 9 all  
?+s4    #abb    ,sorr[s did n fail to   
foll[ h] into h] peaceful retreat4 ,!   
assass9ation ( ! ,duc de ,b]ri1 h] ne>  
relative1 fill$ h]  ) grief1 recall+ too
 vividly ! horrors t _h d>k5$  h] y\ng] 
days4 ,%e 0 com=t$1 h[ev]1 by a visit f 
!  v5]able ,pre de la ,fonta9e1 :o came 
to console h]4 ,! ,"l  has cov]$ him ) !

 mantle ( 8 m]cy1 said ! old  fri5d1 &  
^? simple words calm$ h]4 ,c\ld !re n1  
inde$1 be hope = ! s\l ( him ^: fir/    
?\ght on  receiv+ ! dea?-bl[ 0 to say1  
,p>don my murd]]8 ,!  ,pre de la        
,fonta9e _h return$ to ,p>is aft] !     
peace2 &  :5 ! ,jesuits _h be5 re/or$ to
 _! place 9 ! *ur*1  & _h communities 9 
,france1 he (t5 visit$ ! ,conv5t du     
,temple1 & 0 by ,madame ,l\ise & _m o!rs
 e/eem$ a  sa9t4 ,! pr9cess told h]     
si/]s t1 be+ once 9 great  spiritual    
p]plexity & suff]+1 ! fa!r pass$ by h]  
on  8 way to ! alt>1 & z 8 %ad[ fell on 
h] all h]  int5se suff]+s disappe>$4 ,9 
#ahba1 ?is holy man di$1 &  at ! reque/ 
( ,madame ,l\ise ! ,jesuits s5t h] "s   
acc\nt  ( 8 la/ h\rs4 ,! writ] describ$ 
! /rong emotion felt  by all :o 7 pres5t
 :5 ! old man1 on 8 dy+-b$1  begg$ p>don
 = all 8 faults1 = 8 brea*es ( ! rule1  
& r5ew$ 8 v[s--v[s :i* he _h s fai?fully
 kept 9  exile & solitude1 :5 8 belov$  
ord] _h be5 suppress$4  ,he _h liv$ on 9
 fai? & 9 pray]1 & ,god _h all[$ him  to

 see ! society re/or$ to ! *ur*1 s t1 l 
,simeon1  he c\ld dep>t 9 peace4        
,next came ! illness ( ! pr9cess's fa!r1
 ! ,pr9ce de  ,cond4 ,%e _h always be5  
t5d]ly atta*$ to him1 & !  sorr[s !y _h 
gone ?r\gh toge!r _h naturally deep5$ ! 
affection4 ,he lay dy+ at ,*antilly1 &  
mutual fri5ds begg$  ,madame ,l\ise to g
 to him4 ,! ecclesia/ical sup]iors w\ld 
give h] disp5sation1 !y said2 %e 0 a    
pr9cess1 no ord9>y  nun4 ,%e firmly     
refus$4 ,if our holy fa!r ! pope ord]s  
me  to g1 z a *ild ( ! *ur* ,i w obey2 b
 nev] w ,i ask  = a disp5sation :i* %\ld
 give a prec$5t = break+  enclosure4    
,outw>dly %e 0 calm be=e h] si/]s1 b h] 
/all 9 ! *oir 0 ba!d ) te>s1 s deeply   
did %e  suff] = & ) ! fa!r :om %e lov$4 
,h] pray]s w5t  up unceas+ly1 & !re is  
pro( t !y 7 he>d4    ,! ,pr9ce de ,cond 
di$ ) dispositions ( mo/ humble         
p5it5ce1 &1 :5 ask$ if he =gave 8       
enemies1 exclaim$3  ,i am sure ( my     
salvation1 if ,god w p>don me z freely z
 ,i  p>don !m4 ,! la/ words on 8 lips 7 

,cr$o 9  ,deum4 ,p]haps ! sacrifice made
 by 8 daught] 9 n  assi/+ 8 dy+ h\rs _h 
won = him ! grace ( a good  dea?4 ,!    
=tune :i* came to ! pr9cess on h] fa!r's
  dea? 0 devot$ to ! erection ( a       
conv5tual *ur*2 !  fir/ /one 0 laid 9   
,may1 #ahba1 9 ! "n ( ,madame la        
,dauph9e1 by "o ( h] ladies ( honor4    
,mgr4 de ,guil51 !n  coadjutor ( ,p>is 0
 pres5t1 & ,mgr4 ,trayss9\s prea*$ !    
s]mon4 ,?is place is holy gr\nd1 said   
he2 holy because (  ! extraord9>y       
mis=tunes & ! h]oic virtues :i* x       
witness$ 9 ! "t ( our impi\s discords4  
,)9 ^! walls  !re wept & suff]$ b>b>\sly
 ^? :o %\ld h be5  m wor?y ?an all o!rs 
( v5]ation & love4 ,)9 ^!  walls mo/    
noble victims ( ! popul> fury 7 deliv]$ 
up to  inexpressible angui%4  #abc  ,o  
days ( blood & te>s6 ,o t]rible & cruel 
sc5es6 ,o  lam5table crime6 :i* ,i d>e n
 recall1 :i* e he>t 9  ,france w\ld fa9 
bani% f 8 memory1 & f ! pages (  our    
hi/ory4 ,b no2 we are all condemn$      
et]nally to be> !  %ame to po/]ity4     

,religion1 at lea/1 w h ! glory (  hav+ 
done all t x c\ld to expiate x1 & to    
reconcile !  p :o 7 s un=tunately guilty
 ) ,heav54 ,"h day &  night are cry+ at 
! foot ( ! alt> consecrat$ virg9s1      
innoc5t & volunt>y victims ( crimes :i* 
are n _! own4  ,"h pray]s1 fa/+s1       
vigils1 & au/]ities1 & ! sighs (        
contrite & humble he>ts1 are p]petually 
asc5d+ up to !  ?rone ( ju/ice1 b also (
 div9e m]cy1 to draw d[n on !  royal    
family1 & on ! :ole ( ,france1 grace &  
m]cy4 ,?us  does religion av5ge h]self (
 h] enemies1 by expiat+ !  pa/1         
sanctify+ ! pres5t1 & prep>+ ! future4  
444 ,&  :o w raise ?is build+8 ,%e :o1  
conceal+ ! beautiful  "n ( ,cond "u t ( 
,soeur de la ,misricorde1 has buri$  9  
?is cloi/] all ! clat & gr&eur ( ! _w4  
,9 ^: "n has ! fir/ /one be5 laid8 ,9 ! 
"n ( all  t is mo/ t\*+ 9 suff]+1 9     
c\rage1 9 goodness1 &  de>e/ to         
,france--9 ! "n ( ! royal orphan ( !    
,temple4    ,ano!r dea? awoke           
consid]able emotion 9 ! he>t ( ,madame  

,l\ise4 ,on ! b>r5 rock ( ,/4 ,hel5a !  
pr\d he>t ( !  great conqu]or wore      
itself out4 ,! h& & ! bra9 t _h  work$  
su* endless woe to h] & h]s 7 = ev]     
/ill4 ,f>  f h] all ?\ght ( triumph &   
rejoic+4 ,in/antly %e _h  ,masses (f]$ =
 him1 & nev] omitt$ daily to supplicate 
9  h] private pray]s t he :o _h giv5 h] 
no re/ on e>?  might n[ h et]nal re/    
giv5 to him4    ,& n[ h] long & tr\bl$  
life 0 ha/5+ to its close4  ,%e _h be5  
toss$ ab\t1 inde$1 on a tr\bl$ sea1     
seldom 9  port1 yet happy & peaceful    
amid ! conflict2 & n[ et]nal  peace 0 at
 h&4    ,! bells ( ! new *ur* 7 bless$ 9
 ,octob]1 #ahbb1 !  ,k+ & ,madame la    
,dauph9e be+ godfa!r & godmo!r4 ,!  *ur*
 0 consecrat$1 9 ,augu/1 #ahbc1 by !    
,ar*bi%op (  ,p>is4 ,l\ise1 look+ r\nd1 
might h se5 h] "w complet$1  ! community
 e/abli%$ & fl\ri%+1 ! *ur* f9i%$ 9  :i*
 ! adoration ( ! alt> c\ld be wor?ily   
c>ri$ out4  ,! next day %e made a false 
/ep1 & fell d[n4 ,slight z 0  ! accid5t1
 fa9t+ fits con/antly foll[$1 & %e 0    

nev] well aft]w>d4 ,%e suff]$ mo/ f h]  
head1 b w\ld  n give up h] ord9>y       
duties1 or lie by4 ,gradually h]  /r5g? 
fail$4 ,on ,decemb] #bc;d1 %e fa9t$ on !
 /airs1 0  c>ri$ to b$1 & 0 attack$ by  
fev] & sickness4 ,/ill %e  /ruggl$ on ) 
h] duties4 ,on ! la/ day ( ! ye>1 %e    
w\ld hold ! *apt] ( peace--a cu/om ( h] 
ord] to :i*  %e 0 mu* atta*$1 :5 !      
religi\s ask mutual p>don (  ea* o!r =  
any want ( *>ity dur+ ! pa/ ye>1 & :5  !
 prioress has to address !m on ?is      
beautiful subject2 &  %e w\ld n let h]  
illness int]f]e ) ! fea/ ( ,holy        
,innoc5ts1 a gala-day 9 ! conv5t1 :5 !  
y\nge/ novice  becomes prioress = ! day1
 & innoc5t mir? is 9 !  asc5dant2 & %e  
assi/$ at ! clo?+ ( two novices 9       
,janu>y1 #ahbd4  #abd  ,%e %[$ by h]    
mann] on ?is la/ occasion t %e believ$  
x to be ! la/ c]emony at :i* %e %\ld be 
pres5t4 ,%e  saw ea* ( h] si/]s 9       
private1 & took leave ( !m )  t5d]      
affection4 ,%e sudd5ly became worse1 &  
lo/ ! use (  spee*1 b n consci\sness4   

,%e receiv$ extreme unction f  !        
,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,! community1 all 9  
te>s1 surr\nd$  h] b$4 ,! ar*bi%op      
rem>k$1 x 0 l ! %[] ( ra9  :i*1 at !    
pray] ( ,/4 ,s*ola/ica1 came d[n to     
prev5t ,/4  ,b5$ict f leav+ h] too soon4
 ,! dy+ nun und]/ood !  allusion1 &     
smil$4 ,he bade h] bless h] *ildr51 & h]
  h& 0 rais$ = h]1 & plac$ on ! head (  
"o ( h]  religi\s1 = %e c\ld n move x   
h]self4    ,a few days aft]w>d %e       
recov]$ h] spee*1 & %e receiv$  !       
viaticum1 & answ]$ ! que/ions ( ! prie/ 
) a  firm tone1 ,i believe ) fai?4 ,h]  
dea?-agony 0 v long1  &1 :5 h] bro!r    
came to see h]1 %e c\ld n speak4 ,!     
desire ( see+ h] once m ov]came !       
repugnance t  ,madame la ,dauph9e _h to 
re5t] ! ,temple1 & %e 0 ab\t  to set out
 ?i!r :5 ! k+1 fe>+ ! consequ5ces =  h]1
 =bade h] to g4 ,! la/ smile ( ,l\ise de
 ,cond 0  giv5 to a picture held be=e h]
 ( a dove be>+ a cross &  fly+ to heav54
 ,p]haps %e said inw>dly words :i* w\ld 
h be5 v suitable3 ,i w flee away & take 

my re/4  ,%ortly aft]w>d %e expir$4 ,%e 
0 9 ! sixty-sev5? ye>  ( h] age1 & !    
tw5ty-second ( h] religi\s pr(ession4   
,& ?us end$ a life ( :i* x may truly be 
said t x 0  /rang] ?an fiction4         
--------        ,mr4 ,ba%]s ,sacrifice1 
& :y ,he made x4      ,simply because   
,colonel ,dolickem w\ld fe$ himself )  8
 knife at table4 ,b :at c\ld ! vulg>    
habit ( !  colonel h to d ) su* a       
sacrifice on ! "p ( ,mr4  ,ba%]8        
,nev]!less1 x is true1 & _h x n be5 = t1
  ,mr4 ,ba%] w\ld nev] h made x4        
,colonel ,dolickem cut 8  m\? & sev]$ 8 
hopes at "o bl[1 z x 74 ,fact6 ,&  ?is  
is ! way x came ab\t4    ,mr4 ,ba%]1 z y
 are aw>e1 0 n :at might be call$ a     
m>ry+ man4 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,i h he>d him    
say1 ov] & ov]  aga91 9 :at might       
possibly be consid]$ r too /rong        
language1 t he w\ld mu* pref] cutt+ 8   
?roat4 ,n t  he _h any av]sion to su* a 
/ate ( life1 or t he _h made  any v[ (  
celibacy4 ,by no means4 ,any "y lady :o 
might h  lik$ to m>ry ,mr4 ,ba%] c\ld h 

done s any day1 if ,mr4  ,ba%] _h be5 ! 
lady1 & ! lady _h be5 ! man4 ,z no  "y  
lady ( 8 acqua9tance w\ld assume !      
mascul9e  proprieties1 su* z popp+ ! "q1
 buy+ ! r+1  seek+ ! prie/1 putt+ up !  
banns & ! l1 to do+  any or all ( :i*   
,mr4 ,ba%] pref]r$ cutt+ 8 ?roat1  !re 7
 little expectations *]i%$ by ,mr4      
,ba%]'s  acqua9tances ( ev] wi%+ joy to 
a ,mrs4 ,ba%]4 ,i'd nev]  come ?r\gh x  
alive1 he w\ld say4 ,b he did1 z y %all 
he>4    #abe    ,!re is "o ?+ ,mr4 ,ba%]
 c\ld d1 & d m p]fectly  ?an any man ,i 
ev] knew1 & t 0 to blu%4 ,blu%+ ,ba%]  0
 ! title we gave him ! fir/ ev5+ he 0   
introduc$ at  our club4 ,x may be said t
 blu%+ 0 8 normal condition4  ,d y "k1  
said ,healy1 ! great portrait-pa9t]1 to 
me "o  day1 speak+ ( ,ba%] z a subject1 
t ,i nev] pa9t$ a man  ^: complexion 0 s
 difficult to det]m9e z t ( y\r  fri5d  
,ba%]8 ,he has a w>m complexion1 said   
,i4 ,w>m6  rejo9$ ! arti/4 ,w>m does n  
express x1 say1 r$-hot4  ,old ladies    
w\ld (f] him _! fans 9 ! /reet-c>s1 &   

mis*iev\s "y damsels ) *]ry-color$      
ribbons atta*$  to _! hats look fir/ at 
him1 & !n toy ) ! dangl+  ends ( _!     
ribbons1 z mu* z to say3 ,j ?is %ade4   
,newsboys1 see+ him pass1 hail$ "o ano!r
 ) !  in=mation t y\r uncle _h beets =  
d9n]1 & wily  policem5 dogg$ 8 /eps "u !
 impression t he 0  mak+ (f ) some?+ t  
lay heavy on 8 consci5ce4    ,b ,mr4    
,ba%]'s blu%+ face 0 no?+ to 8 blu%+    
he>t1  m9d1 or s\l1 or :atev] x is t    
blu%es inside ( a man1  & causes him to 
feel weak & fa9t1 to get %aky at !      
knees1  & bungl+ 9 spee*4 ,t he nev]    
f9i%$ a complete  s5t5ce is a fact too  
well kn[n to ne$ confirmation4 ,ev5 on  
! day ( 8 sacrifice1 ! *>m+ ,miss       
,criggles 0 oblig$  to come to 8 rescue2
 =1 :5 he got z f> z ,miss ,criggles1  w
 y h-- if t ready-witt$ "y lady 7?irty1 
if %e  0 a day1 y "k7 _h n div9$ 8      
purpose1 & said :at  he j !n lo/ ! p[] (
 say+--me1 = y\r own1 ,i d  n ?9k we    
w\ld h se5 a ,mrs4 ,ba%] to ?is day4    
,he _h no bett] success 9 8 attempts to 

conv]se )  *ildr54 ,i rememb]1 z he sat 
"o day 9 my p>lor1 twiddl+  8 ?umbs1    
break+ d[n 9 8 rem>ks1 & 8 color com+  &
 go+ 9 rapid succession1 my little      
daught] ,dolly climb$  ^u 8 knee1 &     
cov]$ him ) confusion by say+ to him3   
,mi't] ,ba%y1 does 'oo ev] say 'oor     
p'ay]s8    ,i--,i--,i1 sometimes2 a--   
blund]$ ,mr4 ,ba%] 9 reply1 8  knees    
beg9n+ to involunt>ily d&le ! *ild up & 
d[n4    ,:at does 'oo say8 p]si/$ !     
little fairy1 %ak+ h]  curls1 & giv+ him
 an ar* look4 ,i don't t'ink 'oo d4     
,:y--:y--d y a-- ,mr4 ,ba%] got out4    
',cause 'oo nev] 'memb]s :at 'oo's      
t'ink9' 'b\t4    ,poor ,ba%] c\ld d no?+
 aft] t b />e vacantly at !  wall1 &    
smile a smile t is (t5 se5 on bo>d a %ip
 z  soon z %e rea*es r\gh wat]4         
,c]ta9ly1 9 ano!r s5se  little ,dolly _h
 put ,mr4 ,ba%] completely at sea4    ,b
 ,i'm =gett+ ab\t ! sacrifice4 ,y "k :at
 a s5sation  ! c>ds produc$4 ,! receiv]s
 ^: eyes fir/ fell ^u t  ( ,miss ,ros9a 
,criggles expect$1 ( c\rse1 to read     

,col4  ,wa%+ton ,dolickem on ! o!r4 ,t 0
 a conclusion  ev]ybody _h arriv$ at = m
 ?an six mon?s previ\s2 &  if ! bold1   
heavy c>d ( ,col4 ,dolickem did n       
accompany !  delicately sc5t$1 some:at  
?9n] & small] "o ( ,miss  ,criggles1 x  
w\ld be1 d\btless1 ! /ill heavi]1       
manli]1  bold] c>d ( ,g5]al ,y9weeski1 (
 ! ,russian ,embassy1 or  ,major        
,?wackem\t1 ( ! ,n9? ,fussyli]s1 z ,tom 
,wag/aff us$  to call !m4  #abf  ,t same
 f>ceur nev] spoke ( ! dwell+-place (   
,miss ,criggles b z ,camp ,criggles4    
,none b y\r g5]als & y\r colonels & y\r 
majors ev]  get _! feet "u ! mahogany at
 ,camp ,criggles1 said ,tom2  & a pretty
 mess !y make ( x4 ,?is 0 9 allusion to 
!  ev]la/+ on dits ab\t ! duel1 or !    
c[hid+1 or  "s su* o!r agreeable enc\nt]
 :i* 0 daily expect$ to  come (f betwe5 
! rival combatants = ! h&1 &1 ,i may    
add1 ! five-tw5ties1 ( ! *>m+ ,ros9a4   
,y %\ld h he>d ,tom :5 he he>d ! news4  
,has he8 ,:at1 ,ba%]6 ,n ,blu%+ ,ba%]6  
,look aga94 ,"s  o!r ,ba%]--"s g5]al1   

colonel1 major1 or  turkey-cock-9-boots 
,ba%]4 ,no8 ,our ,ba%]8 ,!n draw a p5   
across t l9e 9 ! spell+-book1 ',fa9t    
he>t nev] won  fair lady1' = ,ba%] (    
ours has done ! de$1 & none s  fa9t z   
,ba%]4    ,mr4 ,ba%]1 y "k1 0 an admir] 
( ,miss ,criggles4 ,no1 n  surpris+4 ,x 
0 8 nature to admire2 only he f\nd x s  
difficult to give expression to 8       
s5tim5ts t 8 nature 9  ?is respect may  
be said to h always rema9$ 9 an in*oate 
/ate4 ,he 0 an exclamation-po9t m9us !  
dot4 ,h[ s pure a  civilian ev] got an  
invitation to d9e at ! ,criggles        
mess-table is %r\d$ 9 my/]y2 & h[ he ev]
 d>$ :5  !re to brave ! m>tial pres5ce (
 ,g5]al ,y9weeski1 (  ,colonel          
,dolickem1 or ( ,major ,?wackem\t is no 
less my/]i\s4  ,d9+ at ! ,criggles table
 z he did--& if ev] ! ,criggles  family 
made a po9t ( any?+ 9 ?is _w x 0 !      
s]vice  ( _! table--he may be said to h 
gradually eat5 8 way  into ! affections 
( ! *>m+ ,ros9a4 ,z he spoke less1 he   
_h m "t1 y see1 ?an 8 m>tial rivals2 &  

:at 0  m to ! purpose1 he _h a bett]    
mann] ?an !y4 ,m5 ( w>  :o are n m]e    
c>pet valiants1 b h smelt ! /raw  above 
! m\ld 9 a gu/y t5t1 may be p>don$ = n  
hav+  /udi$ my book ,on ! ,bad ,habits (
 ,good ,society4 ,i  p>don ,colonel     
,dolickem = n hav+ read x4 ,! tactics ( 
! knife & =k are good tactics to /udy1 &
 practise too2  b z long z y\r vis--vis 
at table w keep 8 knife  out ( !        
butt]-plate1 ,i w\ld advise y to say    
no?+ ab\t  8 putt+ x into 8 m\?         
occasionally--especially if he  we>s a  
sword & y d n2 = he might retort by     
putt+ t  into y1 & !n y w\ld f9d y\rself
 q z mu* at fault  = want ( ! k ( a     
soldi]'s tactics1 z ,colonel  ,dolickem 
0 9 8 ignorance ( ! tactics ( a         
g5tlemanly  d9]-out4 ,tom ,wag/aff1 !   
,beau ,brummel ( our club1 & :o1  by !  
way1 b\ght up an entire edition ( my    
book = private  circulation1 he>tily    
despis$ ! colonel = 8 slov5ly  habit4   
,he _h ! mis=tune to be br\ght up on a  
jack-knife1  sir1 said ,tom1 z "s babies

 are br\ght up on a bottle4    ,i said  
,i w\ld advise y n to say any?+ to a    
fri5d :o  m\?s 8 knife1 b ,i don't      
object to y\r look+ at him :5  he does  
x4 ,:5 he cuts ! corn]s ( 8 m\?1 z he   
surely  w1 soon] or lat]1 unless he has 
a practis$ h&1 7& ,i  h witness$ feats (
 dext]ity ( ?is k9d :i* w\ld  surprise y
 q z mu* z any ev] p]=m$ by ! ,japanese 
juggl]s17 y might call 8 att5tion to x1 
& playfully add3  ,s mu*1 my de> fell[1 
= all[+ y\rself to be s  di/ract$2 & !n 
y c tell a good /ory to ! company  ab\t 
ano!r fri5d ( y\rs--clev] dog he 01     
too--to :om  ! accid5t :i* has j happ5$ 
to y\r fri5d opposite  happ5$ s (t51 & f
 ! same un=tunate habit ( hav+          
di/ractions at table1 t he 0 frequ5tly  
se5 to rise aft]  d9n] ) bo? corn]s ( 8 
m\? ga%$4  #abg  ,he 0 cur$1 h[ev]1 n ( 
8 di/ractions1 b ( putt+  8 knife 9 8   
m\? at su* times1 by tell+ a joke 9 8   
pres5ce ab\t ano!r individual to :om a  
simil> accid5t  happ5$ "u simil>        
circum/ances1 & :o cut himself s        

sev]ely t he 0 oblig$ to be f$ out ( a  
bottle = a  week4 ,i h myself tri$ ?is  
fri5dly ruse sev]al times1 &  h nev]    
kn[n x to fail4    ,!re is ano!r class (
 p]sons besides ^! :o may *ance to  c>ry
 a long] sword ?an y d1 ab\t :om ,i w\ld
 advise y1  z a bit ( a philosoph]1 n to
 be too meticul\s2 ,i mean ^?  :o c>ry a
 long] head ?an y4 ,! p5 is mighti] ?an 
!  sword1 7quotation ( s*ool-boy memory1
 b good17 & cuts  deep]4 ,! writ] :o cut
 up my book s sev]ely 9 ! pages (  ,!   
,squ>e ,table 0 n s f> wrong4 ,b he =got
 t  ,i wrote z a pr(essor1 n z a casui/4
 ,lit]>y m51 z well  z soldi]s1 may d   
c]ta9 ?+s ) impunity :i* "s  o!rs may n4
 ,s t ,bullhead1 ( ! ,new ,york ,sweep]1
  may gnaw on 8 f+]-nails1 by way ( an  
appetiz]1 betwe5 !  c\rses1 & nobody    
m9ds x--9 ,bullhead4 ,he might put bo? (
  8 elb[s on ! table1 smell ( ! fi% to  
f9d out if x be  fre%1 fe$ himself ) 8  
knife1 eat z if he 7 do+ x  = a wag]1   
wipe ! p]spiration f 8 face ) 8 napk91  
& indulge 9 o!r little ecc5tricities1 & 

nobody w\ld m9d  him at all1 bless y6   
,:]e ,bullhead is conc]n$1 ,i agree )   
my critic ( ,! ,squ>e ,table4 ,i pret5d 
to lay d[n only  g5]al laws3 ,bullhead  
is a law to himself4    ,z to ,ba%]1 he 
is ! s\l ( polit5ess & good bre$+4 ,he  
has read my book1 & admir$ x4 ,8        
comm5dations 7 r  bungl+ 9 ! mann] (    
deliv]y1 b unfeign$4 ,i und]/ood        
p]fectly :at he meant to say1 t is      
en\gh4 ,tom ,wag/aff1 to  :om ,i d$icat$
 x1 & :o1 z ,i told y1 b\ght up an      
entire  edition = private circulation1  
also admir$ x4 ,*upp]1 my  boy1 said    
,tom1 draw+ on 8 yell[ kids1 x's gr&6   
,by !  way1 ,i quot$ a few rem>ks ( 81  
:i* 7 deliv]$ by him  "o aft]noon to a  
half-doz5 ( u z a mock lecture4 ,i ?9k  
,i  c recollect "s ( !m4 ,speak+ ( s\p1 
,tom rem>k$3 ,if  y ?9k ! s\p p>ticul>ly
 good1 be sure & say s1 & ask  = a      
second or a ?ird plate4 ,y w f9d t ! ho/
 w  be mu* affect$ by su* little m>ks ( 
y\r e/eem--= !  s\p2 & ! company w      
und]/& t y d n (t5 get  x4 ,( be+ help$ 

at table1 ,tom gave ?is rule3 ,always   
po9t  at :atev] y wi%1 ei!r ) f+]1      
knife1 =k1 or spoon4  ,!y are all       
equally good = ! purpose4 ,= ! prop]    
eat+  ( fruit ,tom gave u "s laughable  
advice3      ,if y are eat+ fruit1 nev]1
 by any means1 convey !    /ones or pits
 ^u y\r plate 9 a quiet way1 b spit !m  
out boldly1 & ) consid]able noise4 ,?is 
n only %[s    ! height ( good bre$+1 b (
 sci5ce also1 = x is n    e "o :o c p]=m
 x s p]fectly z n to spit m    ?an !    
fruit-/ones into ! plate4  #abh    ,a   
mu* m elegant way1 al?\gh x requires    
consid]able    dext]ity--& ,i w\ld n    
advise y to try x )\t a    little       
private practice--is to ins]t ! blade ( 
y\r knife    into y\r m\?1 & ) great c>e
 get ! /ones balanc$    ^u x2 !n convey 
!m j outside ( ! edge ( y\r    plate ^u 
! table-clo?1 :]e y may amuse y\rself by
    build+ up a v arti/ic little heap ( 
any =m y\r fancy    may sugge/ or y\r   
good judgm5t devise4 ,*]ry-/ones1 x is  
to be rem>k$1 are always to be swall[$1 

& take    c>e y let ! company "k x1 z x 
is a highly sugge/ive    piece (        
in=mation4 ,crack+ ! /ones ( prunes )   
y\r    tee? is ! prop] way ( dispos+ (  
!m1 especially    if y are seat$        
opposite a n]v\s old g5tleman4 ,use y\r 
too?-pick1 ( c\rse1 at table1 & op5 y\r 
m\? wide :ile    op]at+4 ,! be/ k9d (   
too?-pick is a l>ge1 /iff               
goose-quill1 :i* makes a snapp+ noise & 
calls att5tion4    ,! place to keep x is
 9 y\r pantaloons' pocket4 ,_m    pref]1
 & ,i am among ! numb]1 to pick _! tee? 
)    _! =k4 ,x is q a ref9$ practice4 ,y
 w f9d t    y\r do+ s w cause a m>k$    
s5sation at ! table4    ,tom said a good
 _m o!r ?+s equally clev]4 ,! be/ (  !m 
are 9 my book4 ,read t4 ,tom _h diff]5t 
individuals 9  8 eye at ! "t4 ,!        
goose-quill too?pick 0 a favorite "o  ( 
,colonel ,dolickem1 & w5t by ! "n (     
,dolickem's  bayonet4 ,speak+ (         
,dolickem rem9ds me ( ,ba%] & 8  h]oic  
sacrifice1 ab\t :i* ,i 0 speak+1 0 ,i n8
    ,x 0 ! bir?day ( ,miss ,ros9a       

,criggles4 ,a l>ge p>ty 0  invit$1 &    
among ! gue/s c\ld be se5 ! tall1 gaunt1
  savage-featur$ ,colonel ,dolickem2    
,g5]al ,y9weeski's burly =m1  clo!d 9   
g>m5ts :i* fitt$ him s tightly t x is a 
wond] h[ he mov$ )\t splitt+ !m on all  
sides2 ,major  ,?wackem\t1 mov+ 8 /iff  
little body ab\t f "r to  left1 & f left
 to "r1 ) t me*anical precision  :i*    
*>act]izes ! wood5 soldi] s priz$ by    
patriotic  y\?2 & ! blu%+ face ( ,mr4   
,ba%]4 ,y may ?9k x odd1  b bir?day     
p>ties are v +5i\s inv5tions to ret>d ! 
advanc+ ye>s ( "y ladies4 ,:5 rumor     
speaks ( y\r  daught] z ?irty or        
!reab\ts1 give h] a bir?day p>ty1 &  %e 
w />t afre% f tw5ty-?ree to tw5ty-five1 
z y  may please to h x h9t$4 ,ev]ybody  
believ+ %e is ?irty  at lea/1 no "o w   
presume to say a ^w ab\t x4 ,pleas$  )  
y\r ent]ta9m5t1 & flatt]$ by y\r        
att5tion1 p  are dispos$ to be g5]\s2 & 
!n1 :o among y\r gue/s w  ev] ackn[l$ge 
t he or %e has b[$1 c\rtesi$1 danc$1  & 
d9$ at an old maid's bir?day fea/6 ,i   

ne$ n m5tion !  names ( all :o cru%$    
!mselves toge!r 9 ! brilliantly  light$ 
p>lors ( ! ,criggles mansion4 ,( c\rse1 
! ,doldrums  & ! ,polittles 7 !re1 & !  
,boo*]s & ! ,coo*]s1  ! ,tractors & !   
,factors1 ! ,de ,pommes & ! ,de ,filets1
  ! ,van ,bumb]gs & ! ,van ,humburgs1 & 
all t set4    ,mo/ p believ$ t x 0 to be
 a prep>atory r\t to give  clat to !    
expect$ ann\ncem5t ( an engagem5t       
betwe5 ,colonel ,dolickem & ! heiress ( 
! h\se (  ,criggles4 ,! colonel believ$ 
x also4 ,he _h wait$ = a  suitable      
opportunity to ask ! h& & five-tw5ties (
 ,miss  ,ros9a1 & n[ t opportunity _h   
come4  #abi  ,few w\ld h _h ! c\rage to 
cross ! pa? ( a rival ( s  bellig]5t a  
disposition z ! colonel4 ,s ?\ght !     
colonel  himself4 ,he 0 sure ( ,miss    
,criggles4 ,nev] be too sure (  any?+4  
,n[ x happ5$ t 9 ! c\rse ( ! ev5+1      
some:]e ab\t #ab4cj ,a4,m41 ,mr4 ,ba%]1 
aft] va9ly endeavor+  to get (f "o ( !  
_m s5t5ces he _h prep>$ be=eh&1  &      
practis$ ) assiduity 9 front ( 8 own    

reflection 9  8 mirror1 & 9 face ( 8    
gr&fa!r's portrait z lay  figures1 &    
f9d+ x no g1 quietly ab&on$ himself to a
  sweep+ curr5t :i* j !n =m$ 9 ! cr[d1 &
 0  borne along t[>d ! half-op5 doors ( 
! cons]vatory4  ,feel+1 z ev]ybody else 
did1 pretty w>m1 & 8 face  /&+ at !     
r$-hot po9t ( color1 z inde$ x _h be5   
s9ce he rang ! bell two h\rs & a half   
previ\s1 he  conclud$ to saunt] a few   
m9utes 9 ! cool cons]vatory1 &  refre% 8
 heat$ br[ & 8 memory at ! same "t4     
,glanc+  fir/ on "o side & !n on ano!r  
at ! fl[]s1 8 eye  fell ^u a rose-bu% on
 :i* bloom$ "o full-bl[n rose4 ,!  sight
 ( x rem9d$ him ( a toa/ he _h prep>$ = 
?is  occasion1 & :i* he dev\tly hop$ to 
be able to give amid !  en?usia/ic      
applause ( ! company & ! grateful       
ackn[l$gm5ts ( ! ,be+1 & ! p>5ts ( t    
,be+1 at  ^: feet he wi%$ to blu%+ly ?r[
 himself1 & be  blu%+ly accept$ 9       
return4 ,= ,mr4 ,john ,ba%] lov$ ,miss  
,ros9a ,criggles4 ,! toa/ 0 ?is3        
,miss ,ros9a1 ! ,rose ( ! ,g>d5 (       

,criggles1 & !    ,fl[] ( ! ,cons]vatory
 ( ,fa%ion & ,beauty4 ,happy !    ,h& t 
%all pluck x f ! ,p>5t ,/em6    ,once he
 repeat$ x 9 a l[ voice1 a second "t    
some:at  l\d]1 to be sure ( giv+ ! "r   
acc5t at ! "r words4  ,p]fectly satisfi$
 at 8 second rehe>sal1 he add$ 9 an     
audible voice3    ,if ,i d>$1 ,i w\ld   
pluck t rose1 7mean+ ! "o on !  bu% be=e
 him17 9 ord] to give-- ,mr4 ,ba%] nev] 
did f9i%  a s5t5ce yet1 b he might h    
accompli%$ ?is "o _h he  n turn$ 8 head 
at a ru/l+ s\nd1 & se5 approa*+ !  ,rose
 ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,criggles h]self4 ,blu%+ 8 
deepe/1 ,mr4  ,ba%] /umbl$ out3    ,cool
 "h--ah--j admir+ ?is--ah--    ,rose1   
add$ ,miss ,ros9a1 help+ him out4       
,beautiful1 is x  n1 ,mr4 ,ba%]8--&     
preci\s too4 ,x is ! only "o left 9  !  
cons]vatory4    ,! cons]vatory ( fa%ion1
 &-- ,mr4 ,ba%] /opp$ %ort4 ,x  w\ld    
nev] d to spoil ! orig9ality ( 8 toa/ 9 
t way4    ,:at is t y are say+1 y       
flatt]]8 ask$ ! *>m+  ,ros9a1 %ak+ h]   
fan at him 9 a pleas+ly ?reat5+  mann]4 

,i--,i--,i 0 say+1 no1 ?9k+--ah--(--n[1 
positively1 d  y "k--ah--( pluck+--     
,:at6 ?9k+ ( pluck+ ! only rose 9 !     
h\se6 ,w\ld y  be s cruel8 ,o y naughty1
 naughty man6 ,& ,miss  ,criggles gave a
 look at ,mr4 ,ba%] t made 8 knees knock
  toge!r1 & 8 toes t+le 9 8 pat5t-lea!r 
pumps4    ,i mean--ah--if ,i--ah--d>$   
to--    ,oh6 y m5 are s v d>+4 ,we poor 
ladies are s  timid & s tru/+1 ,mr4     
,ba%]4 ,:5 p ask me =  any?+1 d y "k1 ,i
 d n ev5 d>e to refuse !m8 ,pa is       
always say+3 ,ros9a1 y %\ld be m d>+1 m 
repell+4  ,b ,i _c1 ,mr4 ,ba%]4 ,x's n 9
 my nature4    #acj    ,!n ,i ask y1    
exclaim$ ,mr4 ,ba%]1 mak+ a bold v5ture1
  & gett+ ready to drop on 8 knees at ! 
end ( 8 reque/1  to give me !--!--,rose 
( ! ,g>d5-- ,mr4 ,ba%] /opp$ to  take   
brea? & mu/] c\rage4    ,! only rose6   
broke 9 ,miss ,criggles4 ,?9k ( x6 %e   
cont9u$1 9 a voice ( t5d] compla9t1     
address$ to !  lilies & g]aniums ar\nd1 
& :i* made ,mr4 ,ba%] feel v            
uncom=table1 he has ! he>t to ask me =  

my "o preci\s  rose4 ,he kn[s1 cruel    
man1 t ,i h n ! he>t1 t x is  n 9 my    
timid1 tru/+ nature to refuse him4 ,& ) 
t  %e broke ! fl[] f its /em & h&$ x to 
,mr4 ,ba%]1  :o 0 a second "t prep>+ to 
?r[ himself into an attitude  & f9i% !  
s5t5ce ,miss ,criggles _h s ha/ily      
int]rupt$4  ,x is possible t ,mr4 ,ba%] 
w\ld nev] h be5 call$ ^u  to make !     
sacrifice he did1 _h n ! att5tion ( bo? 
be5  arre/$ by a l\d ,ahem6 ,turn+      
sudd5ly at ! s\nd1 !y  beheld ! tall1   
gaunt figure ( ,colonel ,dolickem /&+   
bolt  upright1 s5try-wise1 9 ! doorway (
 ! cons]vatory4 ,he _h  witness$ !      
pluck+ ( ! rose1 & 8 s\l 0 all aflame  )
 ang]4 ,8 a/oni%m5t at :at he saw 0 s   
great t x  made him spee*less4 ,_h he n 
come himself to ! cons]vatory1  z soon z
 he c\ld dis5gage himself f t fat1      
voluble ,mrs4  ,boggles1 to meet ,miss  
,criggles1 :om he _h se5 ent]+ !re1  & d
 :at ?is bir?day p>ty 0 giv5 on purpose 
= him to  d8 ,( c\rse4 ,_h n ,miss      
,criggles h]self ent]$ !  cons]vatory = 

! same purpose1 speak+ to him1 ,colonel 
,dolickem1 9 pass+1 t 8 att5tion might  
be call$ to t  fact8 ,( c\rse1 aga94 ,0 
he br\ght !re on purpose to be a        
witness to ?is rose-giv+1 ?is toy+1 &   
coy+1 & moy+  ) a--) a--individual su* z
 he n[ saw be=e him 9 !  p]son ( a--(   
a--,ba%]6 ,( c\rse1 once m4 ,b1 *ok+  ) 
rage1 ! colonel c\ld n utt] a ^w ( ^!   
reflections1 &1 turn+ ^u 8 heel1 re5t]$ 
! cr[d$  p>lor4 ,j !n c]ta9 s\nds came  
to ! e>s ( ,miss  ,criggles1 :i* t lady 
rightly int]pret$ to mean supp]4  ,?is  
int]pretation be+ convey$ to ! bewild]$ 
faculties (  ,mr4 ,ba%]1 he hurri$ly    
fix$ ! rose 9 8 button-hole1 )  ! words1
 ,= ev]1 pres5t$ 8 arm1 & 0 soon !      
object  ( commis]ation on ! "p ( !      
,misses ,boo*]1 & !  ,misses ,coo*]1 &  
all ! re/1 :o :isp]$ to "o ano!r3  ,h[ c
 ,ros9a ,criggles g on s6    ,"o ?+     
seem$ a little /range to ,mr4 ,ba%] :5  
he arriv$  9 ! gr& d9+-hall4 ,miss      
,criggles _h releas$ h] hold  ^u 8 arm1 
b :5 or :]e he c\ld n say4 ,he imag9$ he

  /ill felt ! pressure ( h] light1 tap]+
 f+]s1 ev5 :5  he /ood beh9d 8 *air at  
table1 :]e he f\nd himself1 he  c\ld    
h>dly tell h[4 ,8 surprise 0 n a little 
augm5t$ to  he> ! l\d voice ( ,papa     
,criggles cry+ out1 ,colonel6  colonel6 
?is way1 colonel1 if y please6 & see+ a 
*air  po9t$ out to 8 wra?ful rival1     
directly opposite 81 &  ,ros9a--8       
,ros9a1 z he presum$ to say to          
himself--/&+ beside him4 ,! colonel ca/ 
a look at ,mr4  ,ba%]1 z he mov$ to !   
place appo9t$ him1 :i* 0 at once        
triumphant & defiant4  #aca  ,9 fact1 ! 
colonel's hopes began to revive1 9 spite
 ( !  blu%+ rose 9 ! button-hole ( !    
deep] blu%+ ,ba%]4    ,n[1 ,i am n go+  
to describe ! d9n]1 or call x supp] if  
y w4 ,y h be5 to su* t]ribly try+       
affairs z a  p>ty d9n]1 & x is q en\gh  
to be oblig$ to g ?r\gh  ) ! ordeal )\t 
go+ ov] x aga9 9 retrospect4    ,! head 
( ! ,criggles h\se 0 9 a glori\s humor2 
,g5]al  ,y9weeski 0 jocose & told sev]al
 ( 8 be/ /ories ( !  battle-field2      

,colonel ,dolickem devot$ himself )     
ardor to  ent]ta9 ! *>m+ ,ros9a1 & 0    
freez+ly polite &  patroniz+ to ,mr4    
,ba%]2 ,major ,?wackem\t1 hav+ be5 put  
(f  ^u simp]+ ,miss ,boggles1 lo/ 8     
tongue1 & became morose4  ,9 "o ( ^?    
al>m+ lulls :i* y h no d\bt obs]v$  w   
take place 9 ! tempe/ ( talk common to a
 l>ge  assembly1 & l sudd5 lulls 9 ! w9d
 (t5 presage a heavy  bl[1 ! eye ( ,miss
 ,boggles accid5tally fell ^u ! rose yet
  blu%+ 9 ! button-hole ( ,mr4 ,ba%]'s  
wai/coat4    ,oh6 :at a beautiful rose1 
,mr4 ,ba%]1 cri$ t en?usia/ic  "y lady4 
,yes1 miss1 respond$ ,ba%]1 x is bo?    
beautiful &--ah-- a  look at            
,ros9a--&--ah--    ,v r$1 y w\ld say1   
,mr4 ,ba%]1 w\ld y n8 ,true1 x  is1 said
 ! colonel1 %[+ all 8 tee?1 yet n smil+ 
or  laugh+ a :it4    ,no6 ?und]$ ,ba%]4 
,preci\s    ,oh6 ,i beg a ?\s& p>dons4  
,preci\s6 ,y w\ld n "p )  x n[1 ,mr4    
,ba%]1 w\ld y1 ev5 = a lady's smile8 ,! 
colonel 0 evid5tly det]m9$ to spur ,miss
 ,boggles up to ask  = x4    ,n = my    

he>t's blood1 f]v5tly ejaculat$ ,mr4    
,ba%]4  ,ros9a's glance at him br\ght   
out t s5t5ce unbrok51 &  = a mom5t left 
! colonel q disconc]t$4 ,return+1       
h[ev]1 l a vet]an to ! *>ge1 he rejo9$ )
 snapp+  eyes1 7snapp+ is j ! ^w1 s     
don't int]rupt me37    ,y\r he>t's      
blood6 ,nor = m9e1 p]haps8    ,y\rs1    
colonel8--ha--'pon my ^w--ha--,yes1 if  
y'll engage to  %$ x--ha--    ,out ) x1 
man1 cri$ ! g5]al4    ,y\rself4         
,capital6 ,by ! gods ( w>1 t is a new   
way ( fight+6    ,colonel ,dolickem 0   
confus$ & baffl$4 ,!re's n a d\bt (  x4 
,h[ c\ld he say t he 0 n ready to %$ !  
la/ drop  ( 8 blood to obta9 possession 
( t rose1 com+1 z x  did1 f ! h& (      
,ros9a8 ,va9ly beat+ 8 bra9s = an       
evasive reply1 he c\ld d no?+ mean:ile b
 c>ry two or  ?ree m\?fuls f 8 plate to 
8 m\?1 aft] t ugly  fa%ion ( 81 z y "k1 
^u 8 knife1 & sn>l4 ,n[1 z a  g5]al     
rule1 x is n ! ?+1 z ,i h already said1 
to  fe$ "o's self ) "o's knife4 ,z a    
p>ticul> & special  rule1 nev] attempt x

 :5 y are n]v\s or di/urb$ 9 m9d4       
,don't1 y'll cut y\rself4 ,t is :y !    
colonel1 8 h&  trembl+ ) suppress$ rage1
 cut himself4 ,9 va9 he attempt$  to    
hide x2 ! blood trickl$ d[n ^u 8 *91 & 0
  quickly se5 by t irrepressible ,miss  
,boggles1 :o cri$ out 9  al>m3    ,o    
,colonel ,dolickem6 y h cut y\rself6    
,done1 done6 cri$ ! g5]al4 ,*ivalry1 my 
de> colonel1 _h  no knight l y6 ,blood  
is %$ at ! fir/ bla/ ( !  trumpet1 &1   
accord+ to ! mo/ extraord9>y t]ms ( ?is 
fray1 by y\r own h&4 ,ba%]1 y're        
conqu]$4 ,sacrifice !  rose6    #acb    
,poor ,ba%] did z he 0 bidd51 & sl[ly1 )
 great  reluctance1 drew ! fl[] f its   
place1 & held x across  ! table = !     
colonel's acceptance1 say+3 ,x is !     
greate/ sacrifice--ha ,i--ha--ev]--     
,mr4 ,ba%]1 said ,ros9a1 ) an approv+   
smile1 y are !  s\l ( honor4    ,b !    
colonel he$$ n ! out/ret*$ arm ( ,mr4   
,ba%]1  & ! rose = :i* he bl$1 ,i am    
sorry to say1 dropp$ f  ,mr4 ,ba%]'s h& 
into a di% ( tomatoes4 ,:at c\ld !      

colonel  d8 ,no?+1 ,i ?9k1 b :at he     
did--rise ) a l(ty &  maje/ic air1 look 
a black ?und]-cl\d ( wra? at ,mr4 ,john 
,ba%]1 say to ,papa ,criggles1 ) 8      
h&k]*ief to 8 m\?1  ,"u ! circum/ances1 
& !n get out ( ! h\se1 &  into a t[]+   
passion z he drove home4 ,next day he   
took !  fir/ tra9 = ,wa%+ton4    ,x 0 9 
! cons]vatory aga91 at ab\t #b4bj       
,a4,m41 t ,mr4  ,john ,ba%] tri$ if !   
timid & tru/+ ,ros9a ,criggles c\ld     
refuse him4 ,%e c\ldn't1 z ,i h already 
told y4 ,he  got z f> z ,w y h-- & %e   
add$1 ,me = y\r own1  & !re 0 an end (  
x4    ,s ! sacrifice ( ,mr4 ,ba%] did n 
consi/ 9 popp+ !  "q8    ,by no means4  
,:o ev] said x did8    --------         
,a ,few ,?\ghts ,ab\t ,prote/ants4      
,fai?1 ?\gh a gift ( ,god1 dep5ds = its 
actuality ^u !  acceptance ( x by m51 & 
its cont9uance ^u _! c>eful  & con/ant  
adh]5ce to x4 ,we are at lib]ty to      
receive !  ,*ri/ian fai? or to reject x 
9 ! fir/ in/ance :5 x is  propos$ to u2 
& we are equally at lib]ty to misuse x1 

to  *ange x1 to g>ble x1 & to make x s  
f> ( no effect z to  reta9 no?+ ( true  
,*ri/ian religion b ! "n4    ,h]esy is  
possible1 all mu/ all[1 s9ce x is       
possible to d5y  a "p ( ! :ole tru?2 &1 
kn[+ to :at extremes m5 w  p]mit _!     
pride & passions to c>ry !m1 ! fact (   
h]esies frequ5tly occurr+ does n        
surprise u4 ,! mo/  lam5table fact ab\t 
h]esy is1 t x does n ord9>ily die  ) !  
fir/ prea*]s ( x2 b succe$+ g5]ations   
rise  up to an inh]itance ( falsehood1  
depriv$ ( ! entire tru?1  fancy+        
!mselves jo9$1 to ! body ( ,*ri/'s *ur*1
  n\ri%+ a dead bran* long sep>at$ f !  
tree ( life1  & prev5t$1 z !y too (t5   
are1 by ! pride ( intellect  & ! natural
 /ubbornness ( ! w1 f recogniz+ _!      
errors & am5d+ ! s9s ( _! =efa!rs by a  
he>ty  return to ! tru? t has be5       
ab&on$4    ,su* is ! condition--unhappy 
condition1 z x appe>s to u--(  ,am]ican 
,prote/ant ,*ri/ians4 ,depriv$ ( "o or  
ano!r "p  ( ! tru? by ! h]esy ( ! sev]al
 f\nd]s ( _!  v>i\s religions1 !y are   

call$ no long] ! fai?ful p1  no long] ! 
well-belov$ *ildr5 ( holy *ur*1 & !y    
%>e n 9 ^? unspeakable m]cies (         
pr$ilection :i* make  religion = a      
,ca?olic an unfail+ treasure ( com=t1 & 
8  *ur* a p>adise ( joy4    #acc    ,to 
ab&on ! s\rce ( tru?1 or to live sep>at$
 f x1 is  to cut "o's self (f f any     
reasonable hold ^u ! tru?1  & r5d] !    
allegiance :i* "o gives to a "p ( tru? a
  matt] r ( s5tim5t ?an ( deep pr9ciple4
 ,a bran* cut  f ! liv+ tree may be     
inde$ a bran*1 b its life is  gone1 ?\gh
 x seems to live by ! suppl5ess ( its   
twigs1 !  gre5ness ( its leaves1 & !    
fruit :i* yet hangs ^u x4  ,dea? is 9 x1
 & x w )]4 ,x w be> no m fruit (        
itself1 = ! s\rce ( ! fruit _c rea* x 9 
its  sep>at$ /ate4    ,s ! tru?s (      
religi\s fai?1 sep>at$ f ! s\rce (      
fai?1 lose _! vitality2 & to a reflect+ 
man :o asks  himself :y he believes !m1 
!y w soon appe> no long]  true1 because 
he has no long] any fai? 9 ! orig9al    
au?ority :i* is ! witness ( ,god = !m   

be=e ! _w4  ,= x %\ld be self-evid5t to 
e "o ( ! lea/  intellig5ce1 t religi\s  
tru? conc]n+ man's future  de/9y 9 an   
et]nity :i* no man liv+ has ev] se5 _c  
possibly dep5d ^u "o's exp]i5ce or /udy 
9 ?is _w1 &  t ! my/]i\s doctr9es (     
,*ri/ianity c only appe>  true to a man 
on suffici5t au?ority1 & t1 too1 a liv+1
  pres5t au?ority1 :i* is a witness to  
him z well z to 8  =efa!rs4 ,h5ce !     
necessity ( an ev]-pres5t1 liv+  s\rce (
 fai?1 & ! equal necessity ( an actual  
union )  x1 9 ord] to h fai? 9 !        
doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity at  all4    ,b ! 
pres5t position ( our ,am]ican          
,prote/ant bre?r5  seems to be at       
v>iance ) ?is2 = we see !m hav+ a good1 
s9c]e fai? 9 _m ( ! reveal$ doctr9es (  
,*ri/ianity1  & yet are cut (f f ! liv+ 
s\rce ( fai?1 :i* we  "k to be !        
infallible & div9e voice ( ! *ur*4 ,& n 
only cut (f1 b !y reject t s\rce        
altoge!r1 d5y its  au?ority1 & look ^u x
 r z ! s\rce ( falsehood  ?an ( tru?4   
,b1 :5 we exam9e ! matt] closely1 we    

%all  see t !y d n d5y t !y h a real    
s\rce ( _!  fai?1 or t su* s\rce is !   
*ur* ( ,*ri/--:i* !y  suppose _! own to 
be--only t !y are ignorant ( ! fact  t !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 & t  
%e is  ! true s\rce ( _! fai?1 &1 if t  
*ur* 0 de/roy$  & its au?ority nullifi$1
 !y c\ld h no fai? at all4    ,:5 !y h  
lo/ all fai? & ob$i5ce to a *ur* :i*  !y
 reg>d z ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 & h n return$  
to  ,ca?olicity1 !y h lo/ at ! same "t  
all fai? 9 !  peculi> doctr9es (        
,*ri/ianity4    ,x w\ld be h>dly wor?   
:ile to consid] ! answ] made by  "s t !y
 believe 9 ,*ri/ on no *ur* au?ority1 b 
on  ! au?ority ( ! ,bible alone1 because
 x is pla9 t "o  mu/ fir/ "k ! ,bible   
itself to be true on "s au?ority &      
surely ! au?ority ( ! type-sett]1 !     
pr9t]1 & !  pap]-mak] w\ld n be         
suffici5t1 & ! only au?ority !y  h or c 
h ( its tru? is t ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1    
:i* sets its seal ^u x1 & decl>es x to  
be ! ,^w (  ,god4    #acd    ,!re is no 
d\bt t !y are cut (f f all real *ur*    

au?ority1 t _! religion is a sep>at$    
bran* f !  liv+ tree3 & ! /ate ( ?+s is 
su* z we w\ld expect  to happ52 ! bran* 
w )]1 !y w lose fai? 9 ,*ri/  & 8       
doctr9es1 & !y are depriv$ ( all ^?     
ine/imable  bless+s & privileges :i* c  
only be _h 9 union ) !  true & liv+     
*ur*4    ,we :o "k ! hi/ory ( _!        
religi\s s*ism1 & ! c\rse  x has tak51  
"k t x is m _! mis=tune ?an _!  fault4  
,we "k t !y rema9 satisfi$ ) _! /ate (  
pov]ty1 because !y are ignorant ( !     
ri*es ( fai?2 b we  bless ,god ! day is 
approa*+1 & is ev5 n[ at h&1 :5  t      
ignorance is fa/ disappe>+1 ! prejudices
 & false  notions !y h _h ( ! ,ca?olic  
,*ur* are be+ rapidly  dispell$4 ,! pope
 & ! prie/ are no long] bug-be>s to     
fright5 *ildr5 )2 ! names ( monk & nun  
are no long]  synonym\s ) villa9y &     
crime4 ,ca?olics are n g5]ally  reg>d$ z
 ignorant idolat]s1 & ev5 a ,jesuit may 
pass 9  society z an hone/ man1 a s9c]e 
,*ri/ian1 & a g5tleman4    ,?ree ?+s1   
!n1 may give u great hopes t ?is great &

  good ,am]ican p1 our bre?r51 our      
fri5ds1 & our  fell[-citiz5s1 are n f> f
 ! k+dom ( heav51 !  *ur* ( ,god--!     
spread ( k conc]n+ h] "*  & doctr9es1 ! 
rapid increase ( ! *ur* h]self 9 e  "p (
 ! c\ntry1 & ! fact t ! sep>at$ bran* is
  fa/ )]+1 & ! p look to x no long] = ! 
fruit  :i* w n\ri% _! s\ls unto et]nal  
life4    ,!re is no d\bt b t until )9 a 
v few ye>s !  ,ca?olic religion 0 a     
hidd5 fai? to ! mass ( ! ,am]ican  p4 ,9
 ! cities1 ! *ur*es 7 few & small1 & a  
,prote/ant c\ld h>dly get )9 sight or   
he>+ ( a ,ca?olic  prea*]4 ,9 ! c\ntry  
t[ns ! scatt]$ flock w\ld get  toge!r   
once 9 a mon? to he> ,mass 9 a mis]able 
apology =  a *ur* 9 "s dirty back-lane1 
or 9 a %anty 9 ! woods4  ,t is all      
*ang$4 ,our city *ur*es & ca!drals are  
gett+  to be ! l>ge/ & gr&e/ build+s 9 !
 l&1 & 9 _m  places ! same congregations
 :i* once huddl$ toge!r 9 !  %anty are  
n[ assembl$ 9 *ur*es :i* rival all o!rs 
9  ! same places = size & beauty4 ,& all
 ?is has happ5$ 9  s %ort a space ( "t t

 x looks l magic4 ,^? :o w  n see ! true
 reason imag9e t ! weal? ( old ,ca?olic 
c\ntries has be5 lavi%ly p\r$ out to br+
 x ab\t4 ,!y  _c compreh5d t ?is is !   
"w1 = ! mo/ "p1 (  ! fai? ( ! ,ca?olic  
me*anic & ! ,ca?olic s]vant-girl4    ,! 
"t 0--& we h se5 x--:5 ! prie/ took !   
d9n]-table = an alt>1 ^u :i* 7 plac$ !  
crucifix  t ord9>ily hung at ! b$side 9 
! corn] ( ! same  room1 & two kit*5     
c&le/icks = ! ornam5ts4 ,^? same        
congregations h n[ _! own *ur*es1       
furni%$ )  ev]y?+ ne$ful = div9e s]vice4
 ,f :at we "k ( !  rapid multiplication 
( *ur* build+s1 we c conclude t1  z f> z
 reg>ds ! ext]nal appe>ance ( h] wor%ip1
 & !  cr[ds ( wor%ipp]s :o are se5      
?rong+ to h] sanctu>ies1  ! *ur* is n[  
fairly be=e ! ,am]ican p4 ,!y c no      
long] plead ignorance ( h] exi/5ce1 or  
fancy h] to be a  petty sect dim9i%+ 9  
numb]s & decay+ 9 =ce4 ,!  exi/5ce & p[]
 ( ! *ur* 9 o!r l&s is also =c+  itself 
^u _! notice4  #ace  ,!y _c read a      
newspap] or a book )\t meet+ _m  pro(s t

 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is1 z %e always has   
be51 !  mightie/1 mo/ rev]5d ,*ri/ian   
*ur* 9 ! _w1 :i*  claims ! homage &     
admiration ( mank9d1 & holds !  de/9y ( 
,*ri/ianity itself 9 h] h&s4 ,^? :o f   
int]e/ are h] enemies see ?is1 & on e h&
 we he> f  _! pulpits & read 9 _!       
religi\s newspap]s ! l\de/  lam5ts ov] !
 fe>ful gr[? ( pop]y1 z !y are pleas$   
to /yle x4    ,b ! int]ior work+s ( !   
*ur*1 h] doctr9es1 h] moral  tea*+1 are 
also be+ pres5t$ to !m m cle>ly4 ,9 !   
common walks ( life1 9 ! p>lor1 9 !     
/reet1 9 ! halls  ( bus9ess1 our        
,prote/ant bre?r5 meet _m :o are able to
  give a reason = ! fai? t is 9 !m1 & ^:
 lives !y  "k4 ,s9c]e seek]s = tru? &   
s\ls 9 e>ne/ ab\t _!  salvation1 he>+ ( 
! claims ( ,ca?olicity & see+ _m  ^:    
religi\s "* !y h e reason to admire1 w  
ask que/ions1 & ,am]icans 7we say x n to
 _! reproa*7  w ask que/ions1 if x be   
only = curiosity's sake4 ,ca?olic       
books1 magaz9es1 newspap]s1 pamphlets1  
spee*es1 s]mons1 &  o!r modes ( diffus+ 

a k ( ,ca?olic fai? &  practice f9d _m  
read]s & he>]s among ,prote/ants :o  _c 
fail to be impress$ by !m1 :o w be      
dive/$ (  _! old prejudices1 & le>n our 
religion n z x has be5  taught to !m by 
h] enemies1 b z %e is4 ,x w\ld be ( no  
use to tell an intellig5t ,am]ican      
,prote/ant n[ t ,ca?olics  are poor1    
ignorant idolat]s :o wor%ip images1 & :o
 nev]  he>d ( ! ,bible1 because !y "k   
bett]2 & if y told  him1 z y might h    
done tw5ty ye>s ago & be believ$1  t !  
pope & ! prie/s _h secret designs aga9/ 
!  lib]ties ( ?is c\ntry1 he w\ld laugh 
9 y\r face4 ,books  ) pictures repres5t+
 ! pope ) 8 ti>a on1 hold+ up  8 h&s 9  
horror & turn+ away 8 face f an op5     
,bible  :i* a ,prote/ant m9i/] pres5ts  
to 8 gaze1 :ile !  lightn+s f heav5 are 
depict$ 9 ! backgr\nd desc5d+  9 wra? ^u
 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 may possibly be f\nd ^u ! 
table  ( "s ignorant backwoodsman1 b an 
intellig5t ,prote/ant  w\ld blu% to "k t
 su* a book 0 "u 8 ro(4    ,p are great 
travell]s n[adays1 too1 & !y see en\gh 9

  ,ca?olic c\ntries to make !m at lea/  
?9k well ( _!  religion4    ,!y g to    
,rome1 p]haps h an int]view ) ! v5]able 
head ( ! *ur*1 & inv>iably return       
p5etrat$ )  s5tim5ts ( pr(\nd respect1 &
 (t5 ( ! mo/ atta*$  affection = him4   
,!y g to hea!n c\ntries1 !y see !re ! "w
 ( ,ca?olic  apo/les4 ,!y f9d ! only    
,*ri/ians !re are ,ca?olics1  liv+ su*  
p]fect lives z might put ,*ri/ians ( m  
enlight5$ nations to %ame4 ,9 e corn] ( 
! _w !y  f9d ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* do+ h]    
appo9t$ "w = !  reg5]ation1             
civilization1 & salvation ( m51 & numb]s
 (  !m are n sl[ to draw ! conclusion1  
,truly ?is is !  liv+ *ur* ( ! liv+ ,god
 ! pill> & gr\nd ( tru?4    ,let u look 
at ! second reason we sugge/$1 namely1 !
 rapid  increase ( ! *ur*1 & ! "* ( x4  
,9 ! ye> #ahjj we _h only #a bi%op1 #ajj
 prie/s1 & ab\t  #ej1jjj ,ca?olics4 ,n[ 
we h #dc bi%ops1 #bbce prie/s1 & at     
lea/ #e1jjj1jjj ,ca?olics4 ,t ?is numb] 
is made up  pr9cipally by immigration is
 true2 b we d n =get t  !y br+ ! true   

fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ ) !m1 t !  tru? is  
spread+ by _! example & influ5ce1 & !   
,am]ican p _c fail to feel ! effects (  
x4  #acf  ,if all ^! immigrants 7       
infidels1 ,mohamm$ans1 or ,mormons1  !y 
w\ld naturally affect ! religi\s "* ( ! 
p  among/ :om !y are liv+4 ,h[ mu* m may
 we look =  mighty results f ! true     
religion & ! grace ( ,god6              
,ca?olicity is leav5+ ! :ole mass4 ,g   
:]e y w1 y  w f9d a ,ca?olic 9 almo/ e  
family ( note 9 !  c\ntry4 ,oh6 ,i      
respect ! ,ca?olic religion v mu*1 "s   
"o w say to y4 ,i h a fa!r or "m1 a si/]
 or  bro!r1 an aunt or a c\s91 :o is a v
 good & v /rict  ,ca?olic4 ,f ! v       
families ( ,am]ican ,prote/ant bi%ops  &
 m9i/]s ! *ur* draws to h]self "o or    
ano!r ( !  memb]s1 f :om new ,am]ican   
,ca?olic families spr+ up1 to  give !   
*ur* /&+ & influ5ce 9 society1 & compel 
a  respectful he>+ & a respectful       
treatm5t4    ,^! consid]ations1 enc\rag+
 z !y are1 might /ill lead  u to suppose
 t x w be yet a long :ile be=e ,am]ica  

%all be call$1 z %e und\bt$ly w be1 "o (
 ! brighte/  jewels 9 ! cr[n ( ! holy   
*ur*1 7 x n = ! ?ird  ?\ght we h        
pres5t$1 :i* is1 t _! fai? & tru/  9 !  
sapless1 sep>at$ bran* ( a *ur* is      
fail+4 ,!y  h plant$ x anew1 h wat]$ x1 
h nurs$ x ) e  c>e1 at b\ndless exp5se1 
) s9c]e he>t's devotion1 b  all to no   
purpose4 ,x w n gr[1 b )]s 9 _! h&s4    
,n[ & !n "s h ?\ght t ! bran* 0 too mu* 
l  ! old tree1 & !y cut (f a twig1 a    
blossom1 or pluck$ a  fruit f x1 &      
plant$ t1 &1 ) _m e>ne/ pray]s  &       
unceas+ labors1 !y hop$ _! little plant 
w\ld spr+  into life1 b its untimely    
decay has disappo9t$ !m &  disgu/$ !m4  
,anon !y endeavor$ to graft _! )]+      
bran* on an old] & app>5tly m heal?y    
/ock1 su* z !  =m] & late attempts ( !  
,episcopalians to =m a union  ) !       
s*ismatical ,greek ,*ur*2 b ! graft w n 
take1  ?\gh !y are will+ to tie x on ) e
 appliance &  prune x aft] e fa%ion4    
,aga91 a few :o /yle !mselves           
,anglo-,ca?olics & high *ur*m5 try to   

reason !mselves into  a belief t _!     
p>ticul> little twig ( ! bran* mu/ be  !
 true tree1 because x is s mu* l 9 size 
& %ape to  ! "y sapl+ :i* ! apo/les fir/
 plant$ 9 ! e>?4    ,sl[ly1 h[ev]1 !y   
are beg9n+ to ask !mselves !  "q :i* !y 
%\ld h ask$ 9 ! beg9n+1 ,h[  %all x gr[ 
)\t a root8 ,^? :o take ! tr\ble to     
exam9e ! matt] at bottom f9d out t !    
bran* !y  *]i% has no root1 & n[ !y lose
 all respect = x4 ,^!  divide into two  
p>ties4 ,^? :o are s9c]e-m9d$ s\ls1     
look+ = true ,*ri/ianity1 & re/+ _!     
et]nal hopes  ^u x1 seek = ! liv+       
,*ri/ian tree1 & f9d sweet  repose b5ea?
 its grateful %ade1 & true n\ri%m5t ( _!
  s\ls f its nev]-fail+ fruit4 ,o!rs1 :o
 are less s9c]e1  ca/ aside ! dead bran*
 & all _! fai? 9 ,*ri/ ) x1  become     
disc\rag$ & disgu/$1 & fall away into   
indiff]5tism & infidelity4    ,?is loss 
( ! old traditional rev]5ce =           
,*ri/ianity1  :i* a few ye>s back 0 s   
/rong t m5 felt x 0  some?+ to be a%am$ 
(1 & to ne$ apology1 :5 =c$ to  say1 ,i 

am no ,*ri/ian1 is n[ s m>k$ t x is     
deplor$ on  all sides4  #acg  ,ref]5ces 
are n unfrequ5tly made 9 ! columns ( our
 daily  j\rnals indicative ( ! popul>   
temp]1 :i* hold up  celebrat$ prea*]s1 &
 ) !m (t5 ! :ole cl]ical  pr(ession1 to 
ridicule & contempt4 ,/ill ! mass ( !  p
 ( our c\ntry are bo? s9c]e &           
religi\s-m9d$1 &  ! "* ( ! conv]sions t 
are daily tak+ place is  su* z to make u
 n only hopeful1 b sure ( ! f9al        
result4 ,surely1 x is n to be said t !  
,ca?olic ,*ur*  %all prove h]self less  
p[]ful 9 a c\ntry ( nom9al  ,*ri/ians   
?an %e has %[n h]self to be 9 any or all
 !  pagan nations :om %e has n only     
conv]t$1 b also civiliz$  & enlight5$4  
,v few ,prote/ants n[adays are compell$ 
to  unle>n _! suppos$ ,*ri/ianity to    
become ,ca?olics4 ,!  false elem5t :i*  
,calv9ism introduc$ at ! ,re=mation is  
be+ gradually elim9at$ f _! sy/ems1 &   
all t !y  really adh]e to is a "p (     
,ca?olic tru?4 ,_m conv]ts  express     
!mselves surpris$ to f9d t to ent] !    

*ur*  !y are call$ ^u to r5\nce no?+    
:atev] ( :at !y  already hold4 ,!y f9d1 
to _! delight1 t ! fai? z  taught by !  
*ur* is ! completion1 ! realization1 &  
also  ! explanation ( _! religi\s       
op9ions4    ,! conv]sion ( our belov$ l&
 is a "w t %\ld engage  our mo/ ard5t   
aspirations1 & k9dle all ! zeal ( :i* we
  are capable4 ,bo? our he>ts & our     
heads %\ld be 9 x4 ,we  feel l prea*+ a 
little on ?is subject4 ,t we may help x 
& ha/5 x by _m ?+s !re is no d\bt2 by   
con/ant &  e>ne/ pray]1 by good example1
 by in/ruction1 by !  di/ribution ( good
 books & tracts1 & su* means2 b x  seems
 to u t :5 any "o is deeply impress$ ) a
  conviction t a desir$ end w be        
accompli%$1 t x ought  to be1 &1 z f> z 
9 "o lies1 x %all be1 !n ! end is  n f> 
(f4 ,aside f o!r ?+s1 !re is 9 ?is matt]
 a  wide field = ! ex]cise ( our        
!ological virtues4    ,our fai?3 an     
unwav]+ fai? 9 ! p[] ( tru?1 :i* mu/    
prevail4 ,x is ,god's "w2 x is :at !    
*ur* is call$ ^u  to d2 ! p are fa/     

progress+ t[>d x2 ! good expect  x1 !   
wick$ fe> x2 ,god's grace is nev] want+ 
to aid all  m5 9 _! se>* aft]1 & _!     
acceptance (1 ! tru?1  & :at1 !n1 c h9d]
 x8 ,! "q put to u a few ye>s  s9ce1 ) a
 smile ( mix$ incr$ulity & pity1 ,d y   
believe t ?is c\ntry w ev] become       
,ca?olic8 is n[1  ,h[ soon d y ?9k x w  
come to pass8 ,soon1 v soon1  we reply1 
if y\r own /ati/ics be true2 = we see by
 "o (  y\r late writ]s t ! rate ( gr[? (
 ! ,ca?olic  religion has be5           
sev5ty-five p] c5t great] ?an !  ratio (
 increase ( population1 :ile ! rate ( ! 
decrease  ( ,prote/antism is elev5 p]   
c5t less4    ,our hope3 ,we mu/ h l>ge  
hope 9 ?is1 z 9 all ?+s else1  to br+   
ab\t spe$ily :at we desire3 su* an      
en?usia/ic hope  z makes u see ! end    
already4 ,x w1 moreov]1 enc\rage  !m to 
d :at we wi%4 ,tell a s9n] t y give him 
up &  h no hopes ( him1 & y give him a  
fatal enc\ragem5t to  g on 9 8          
wick$ness4 ,y\r want ( hope takes hope  
out ( him2  b1 on ! contr>y1 tell him   

*e]fully t y look = 8  conv]sion &      
am5dm5t z a matt] ( c\rse1 & he w       
conclude at once t he ought to conv]t   
himself1 & w beg9  to wi% himself       
conv]t$4  #ach  ,!n %[ him a picture ( !
 happ9ess & peace ( a good  life1 ! joy 
( ! =giv5 s9n]2 8 m9d is made up1 &  !  
grace ( ,god w d ! re/4 ,s x w be ) our 
,prote/ant bre?r54 ,let !m feel t we are
 sure ( _!  conv]sion to ,ca?olicity1 t 
we look = x z a c]ta9  ev5t1 & !y w beg9
 to ?9k x v possible1 & ask  :at x is to
 be a ,ca?olic4 ,pres5t !m a picture ( t
  unspeakable peace :i* "o obta9s 9 a   
sure & c]ta9 fai?2  tell !m ( ! bless+s 
9 /ore = !m1 %[ !m !  treasures ( ,god's
 h\se1 & give !m to und]/& t !y  are    
meant expressly = !m1 & t we are c]ta9  
!y w  enjoy !m2 !n x w be /range1 inde$1
 if1 ) ! tru?  be=e !m1 & ! grace ( ,god
 aid+ & enc\rag+ !m1  !y %\ld turn away 
& reject _! own happ9ess4 ,= !  great]  
"p ( s9c]e ,prote/ants !re is absolutely
 no?+  to keep !m out ( ! *ur* b ! old  
worn-out prejudices  !y h aga9/ h]4 ,we 

"k t x is ?\ght t !y h  an insup]able   
fe> & di/ru/ ( "s ( our practices--!    
confessional1 = in/ance2 b our exp]i5ce 
conv9ces u t  !y f9d no difficulty 9    
ov]com+ _! fe>s z soon z !y  firmly     
believe 9 its necessity1 & p]ceive its  
consol+ &  sanctify+ influ5ce ^u !      
individual s\l & ^u society  at l>ge4   
,besides1 ?is op9ion is1 9 fact1        
gr\ndless4 ,z a  good old ,fr5* ,jesuit 
fa!r said to u "o day3 ,i h notic$  t :5
 ,am]icans h made up _! m9d to d any?+1 
!y  nev] ask if x be difficult4    ,our 
*>ity3 ,s\ls are won by love4 ,we d n1 &
 _c1 love  ! ,prote/ant religion4 ,x has
 little t is lovable 9 x2 &  besides1   
our own holy fai?1 all beautiful & good 
z x is1  absorbs all ! love our he>ts c 
possibly hold4 ,b c\ld our  ,prote/ant  
bre?r5 "k h[ we ,ca?olics love !m--h[ we
 ye>n  ov] !m z a "m ye>ns ov] h] wayw>d
 *ild--h[ we long  to welcome !m home   
aga92 c\ld !y see h[ ! *>ity (  ,jesus  
,*ri/ presse? u to labor & pray = !m2   
c\ld !y  ov]he> u conv]s+ ) "o ano!r    

ab\t !m & le>n our  wi%es & plans1 our  
hopes & our wond]+s at _! cont9u$       
abs5ce1 !n we w\ld w9 _! s\ls4 ,!y c\ld 
n /& all  t4 ,! p[] ( div9e *>ity w\ld  
draw !m sweetly on4  ,!n !y w\ld ask    
!mselves1 ,:at motive c ^! ,ca?olics  h 
to wi% u s f]v5tly to become z !y are8  
,w\ld t  !y might all be br\ght to ask t
 "q6    ,:5 we1 :o /& ^u ! firm rock1   
see !m /umbl+ ov]  ! bogs & m>%es ( a   
gr\ndless & un/able fai?1 !re is  a     
/rong temptation to laugh at _!         
bewild]m5t1 & mock at  !m z !y g leap+  
ab\t f "o little hillock ( op9ion  to   
ano!r1 & at la/ fall1 sprawl+1 into !   
mire (  religi\s d\bt4 ,bett] pity !m4  
,human nature1 y "k1 has  su* a t5d5cy  
to foll[ w-o'-!-wisps1 ev5 if x be  only
 = ! purpose ( sci5tific inve/igation6  
,:atev] tru? !y h1 aft] all1 is ,ca?olic
 tru?4 ,_!  piety1 _! love ( religion1  
_! hatr$ ( s91 _! fe> (  hell & hopes ( 
heav51 are all ! results ( ! tea*+s (   
,jesus ,*ri/1 9 :om !y believe z f> z !y
 "k1 &  ?r\gh :om1 9 "s vague s5se1 !y  

hope = salvation4  #aci  ,!y h be5 l$   
away f ! true fold1 & are w&]+  %eep1 :o
 are gett+ fur!r & fur!r ea* day out (  
he>+ ( ! voice ( ! true ,%eph]d4 ,b ! "t
 is n  f> di/ant :5 !y w return4 ,god's 
h& is /ret*$ out  ov] ?is p4 ,8 ,holy   
,_s is mov+ _! he>ts1 & !  signs ( ! day
 ( peace & unity ( fai? are already     
appe>+4    ,prea*]s usually beg9 ) a    
text2 we take ! lib]ty (  end+ ) "o1 v  
propos1 we ?9k1 to ! subject  ( our     
?\ghts3 ,i w call !m my p1 t 7 n my  p3 
& h] belov$1 t 0 n belov$3 & h]1 t _h  n
 obta9$ m]cy1 "o t ha? obta9$ m]cy4 ,& x
 %all  be1 9 ! place :]e x 0 said to !m3
 y are n my  p3 !re !y %all be call$ !  
*ildr5 ( ! liv+  ,god4    --------      
,new ,publications4        ,! ,cl]gy ,& 
,! ,pulpit ,9 ,_! ,relations ,to ,! ,p4 
,by ,m4 l',abb ,mullois1 *apla9 to !    
,emp]or    ,napoleon ,,iii4 & ,mission>y
 ,apo/olic4    ,translat$ by ,george    
,p]cy ,badg]4    ,fir/ ,am]ican edition4
    #abmo1 pp4 #cjh4 ,new ,york3 ,!     
,ca?olic    ,publication ,society1 #abf 

,nassau ,/reet4 #ahfg4    ,?is "w ( !   
le>n$ & pi\s ,abb ,mullois has atta9$ an
  imm5se popul>ity 9 ,france1 :]e x 0   
issu$ a few ye>s ago  "u ! title ( ,c\rs
 d',eloqu5ce ,sacre ,populaire2 ou1     
,essai sur la ,manire de p>l] au        
,peuple4 ,x is ! fir/ (  a s]ies (      
essays :i* appe>$ subsequ5tly1 design$ z
 h9ts  to ! cl]gy 9 _! pa/oral          
m9i/rations1 especially 9 !  pulpit4    
,x is "o ( ! mo/ noticeable books t h   
be5 issu$ by  ! ,ca?olic press1 & _c    
fail ( receiv+ z cordial a  welcome ) u 
z x has already receiv$ 9 ,france4 ,its 
rem>kable *>act]i/ic is ! apo/olic      
simplicity ( its  /yle1 & its bold1     
manly tone4 ,! au?or's pr9cipal object  
is  to direct ! att5tion ( ! cl]gy to ! 
necessity (  cultivat+ a popul> /yle (  
eloqu5ce 9 _! disc\rses &  in/ructions  
to ! masses4 ,b1 9 ord] t ! s]mon be    
popul>1 & rea* ! he>ts ( ! p1 ! prea*]  
mu/  himself be popul>4 ,he mu/ be a man
 lov$ by ! p1  engag+ bo? _! admiration 
& rev]5ce by 8 mann] &  8 language :5   

address+ !m1 & above all1 by lov+ !m4   
,h5ce1 ! au?or wisely treats ( ! prea*] 
be=e he treats  ( ! s]mon4 ,! fir/ *apt]
 is devot$ to ! elucidation (  8 great  
maxim3 ,to address m5 well1 !y mu/ be   
lov$ mu*4  ,h _m rules ( eloqu5ce if y  
w1 b d n =get !  fir/ & mo/ ess5tial "o3
 ,love ! p :om y w\ld  in/ruct1 conv]t1 
reprove1 sanctify1 & lead to ,god4 ,!   
end  ( prea*+ is to reclaim ! he>ts ( m5
 to ,god1 & no?+  b love c f9d out !    
my/]i\s av5ues :i* lead to !  he>t4 ,we 
are always eloqu5t :5 we wi% to save "o 
:om we  love2 we are always li/5$ to :5 
we are lov$4 444 ,if1 !n1  y d n feel a 
f]v5t love & pr(\nd pity =              
humanity--if1 9 behold+ its mis]ies &   
errors1 y d n  exp]i5ce ! ?robb+s1 !    
holy ?rill+s ( *>ity1 be  assur$ t !    
gift ( ,*ri/ian eloqu5ce has be5 d5i$   
y1 :i* is ! good abb's polite way 7s    
truly ,fr5*7 (  say+1 ,don't prea*4     
#adj    ,he is n above indulg+ 9 a      
little bit ( humor n[ & !n  :5 he wi%es 
to say some?+ a little sev]e1 s z to    

take  (f ! edge3 ,j look at ! "y prie/  
on 8 entrance ^u  ! sacr$ m9i/ry4 ,he is
 arm$ cap-a-pie ) argum5ts2 he  speaks  
only by syllogisms4 ,8 disc\rse bri/les 
) n[1  !re=e1 consequ5tly4 ,he is       
dogmatic1 p]emptory4 ,"o  might fancy   
him a nephew ( "o ( ^? old be>d$ doctors
 (  ! middle ages1 su* z ,petit ,jean or
 ,c\rte-,cuisse4 ,he is  dispos$ to     
transfix by 8 words e oppon5t1 & give   
qu>t] to none4 ,he ?ru/s1 cuts1 ov]turns
 rel5tlessly4 ,my  fri5d1 lay aside a "p
 ( y\r heavy artill]y4 ,take y\r "y     
man's1 y\r "y prie/'s he>t1 & place x 9 
! van be=e  y\r audi5ce1 & aft] t y may 
resort to y\r batt]ies1  if !y are ne$$4
 ,make y\rself belov$--be a fa!r4 ,prea*
  affectionately1 & y\r spee*1 in/ead ( 
glid+ ov] he>ts  h>d5$ by pride1 w pi]ce
 ev5 to ! divid+ ( !  jo9ts & m>r[2 & !n
 t may come to be rem>k$ (  y :i* 0 said
 ( ano!r prie/ by a man ( g5ius :o _h   
rec5tly be5 reclaim$ to a ,*ri/ian life3
 ',i almo/ regret my  re/oration1 s mu* 
w\ld x h gratifi$ me to h be5  conv]t$  

by s affectionate a prea*]4' 444        
,apo/olical  eloqu5ce is no long] well  
und]/ood4 ,x is n[ made to consi/  ( ,i 
h>dly "k :at2 ! utt]ance ( tru?s )\t any
 ord]1  9 a happy-g-lucky fa%ion1       
extravagant self-excitem5t1  bawl+1 &   
?ump+ on ! pulpit4 ,!re is a t5d5cy 9   
?is  respect to foll[ ! injunctions ( an
 old div9e ( !  sixte5? c5tury to a "y  
ba*elor ( arts4 ',p]cute  ca!dram =tit]2
 respice ,crucifixum torvis oculis2 nil 
dic ad  propositum1 et b5e pra$icabis4' 
,x is c]ta9ly a great mi/ake1 al?\gh a  
common "o1 t :at  is call$ popul> prea*+
 is reli%$ only by ! poor &  illit]ate1 
&1 inde$1 is only fit = !m4 ,! au?or's  
s5tim5ts on ?is subject are s j & well  
tim$ t we  v5ture to give !m 9 ! foll[+ 
extracts f ! preface  ( 8 second volume4
      ,true popul> prea*+ is n t :i* is 
address$    exclusively to ! l[] ord]s2 
b t :i* is address$ to    all1 & is     
und]/ood by all4 ,su* is ! import ( ! ^w
    popul>4 ,:5 a man is said to be     
popul>1 x implies    t he meets )       

sympa?y on all sides2 f among ! upp]1   
! l[]1 & ! middle classes ( society4 ,:5
 we say1    *>ity is popul>1 we mean t x
 f9ds an e*o 9 !    brea/s ( all4 ,!    
,gospel is ess5tially popul>2 h5ce      
,*ri/ian eloqu5ce also %\ld be popul> at
 all times & 9    all places2 z well 9  
l>ge cities z 9 small t[ns &    c\ntry  
di/ricts3 unless an exceptional audi5ce 
is address$1    & !re is only "o su* 9  
,france1 namely1 t (    ,notre-,dame at 
,p>is4      ,?is is :at a s]mon ought to
 be3 ,a le>n$ academician    li/5+ to x 
on "o side1 & a poor illit]ate woman on 
!    o!r1 bo? %\ld d]ive !refrom some?+ 
to enlight5    _! m9ds & improve _!     
he>ts4      ,we1 ! cl]gy1 are debtors to
 all4 ,h[ c we d5\nce    inju/ice f !   
pulpit if we exhibit an example ( x 9   
our    own p]sons8 ,?is is a matt]      
involv+ a sacr$ tru/1 :i*    has n met )
 adequate consid]ation2 = h[ c we prea* 
*>ity :5 we deprive ! poor ( t :i* is _!
    due--! bread ( k8 ,we %\ld deem x an
 atrocity to    reta9 ! alms giv5 to u =

 ! ne$y2 & does n our    fai? tell u t x
 w\ld be a /ill great] crime to    )hold
 f !m ! sav+ tru?s ( ! ,gospel8 444 ,x  
is    "o ( ! great glories1 "o ( ! great
 p[]s ( !    ord9ance ( prea*+1 t ! ^w  
prea*$ %\ld embrace    all )\t any      
exception2 & we are sadly to blame =    
hav+    r5\nc$ t vantage-gr\nd4 ,h5ce x 
is t our s]mons    n[adays are dry1     
meagre1 artificial1 inefficaci\s1 & no  
long] exhibit t fulness & life1 t broad 
effusion (    ?\ght1 ^? ?robb+s ( ! he>t
 & ?rill+ acc5ts (    ! s\l1 :i* bespeak
 a d\ble orig92 indicat+ t :at    we    
utt] is at once ! voice ( ,god & ! voice
 ( !    p4      ,i am go+ to speak )\t  
any res]ve4 ,pa9ful z !    subject may  
be1 x is desirable t ! cl]gy %\ld be    
made    ?or\ghly aw>e ( x4 ,g :]e y w 9 
,france1 y meet    ) numb]s ( excell5t &
 em95tly intellig5t m5 :o    say3 ',i   
really _c acc\nt = x2 b ,i c no long]   
be>    li/5+ to s]mons1 = !y we>y me    
dreadfully4 ,!    phraseology g5]ally   
us$ is humdrum & ?readb>e1 & !    matt] 

consi/s ( an incoh]5t mixture ( rhetoric
 &    philosophy1 art & my/icism1 ( :i* 
nobody und]/&s any    ?+4  #ada    ,!n1 
aga91 _! monoton\s uni=mity ?r\gh\t is  
en\gh    to s5d ev5 ^? into a doze :o h 
lo/ ! habit (    sleep+4 ,i s9c]ely     
believe t ,i %\ld d bett] by    ab/a9+2 
b = ! sake ( example1 ,i resign myself  
to    endur+ !m4' ,& be x rememb]$1 t ^!
 are !    rem>ks1 n ( ! ill-dispos$1 b (
 dev\tly religi\s    m52 prov+ !        
necessity ( "s l>ge re=m1 s9ce x w\ld   
be idle to suppose t su* concurr5t      
te/imony f all    p>ts ( ,france is     
unf\nd$4 ,! same m51 be x rem>k$1       
aft] li/5+ to a g5ial1 div]sifi$1       
popul>1 & /]l+    disc\rse1 w readily   
exclaim3 ',t's ! ?+ t ,i want6    ,t's  
:at does me good6 ,t's :at ,i l6'       
,we mu/ rev]t1 !re=e1 to ! g5u9e /yle ( 
evangelical    prea*+1 :i* is t ( a fa!r
 address+ 8 num]\s    family1 & :o wi%es
 to be und]/ood by all 8 *ildr5    f !  
elde/ to ! y\nge/4      ,b we mu/ n be  
delud$ into ?9k+ t su* popul>    prea*+ 

is easy3 on ! contr>y1 x is v difficult 
(    atta9m5t2 = x involves no less a   
task ?an t (    speak+ a language :i*   
%all be level to ! compreh5sion    ( !  
masses1 & at ! same "t adapt$ to educat$
 m9ds4    ,w\ld y ma/] t task8 ,/udy    
mu*1 /udy e ?+3    !ology1 lit]ature1 ! 
,holy ,scriptures1 m especially !       
,gospel2 acquire a deep insight into !  
human he>t2 &1    )al1 cultivate y\r own
 m9d till x c dige/ all    k4 ,!n write 
& speak l "o :o has really drawn    :at 
he utt]s out ( ! good treasures ( !     
he>t1 & 9    su* a way t all :o he> y   
may be ready to say3 ',really1    :at he
 /ates is v simple2 x is s\nd s5se2 x is
 "r4    ,x is j :at ,i w\ld h said      
myself "u simil>    circum/ances4' ,let 
u recall :at has already be5 rem>k$     
else:]e--t a little /udy )draws u f !   
natural1    :]eas mu* /udy leads u to x4
 ,reveal y\r he>t1 y\r    s\l2 =1 aft]  
all1 ! s\l ( man1 t ma/]piece (         
,god's h&1 w always c>ry m weight ?an   
all !    embelli%m5ts ( philosophy or   

rhetoric4    ,let ?is zeal\s au?or speak
 ( :at he w1 he inv>iably  comes back to
 8 fir/ pr9ciple3 ,love ! p1 if y w\ld  
h any influ5ce ) !m = good4 ,ea* *apt]  
reveals !  fact t ?is ?\ght is ! "o :i* 
is upp]mo/ 9 !  writ]'s m9d1 &1 !re=e1 !
 "o he desires to impress !  m deeply ^u
 ! m9ds ( 8 read]s4 ,he kn[s h[ to tell 
pla91 homely tru?s )\t (f5ce1 &         
criticise sev]ely !  faults ( 8 bre?r5  
)\t ac]bity or presumption4    ,x is a  
book t w d good1 a great deal ( good1 & 
we  comm5d x mo/ he>tily to all our     
read]s1 :o w assur$ly  d]ive mu*        
pleasure & no little pr(it f its p]usal4
    ,! translation has be5 made by a    
f9i%$ s*ol>1 & leaves  no?+ to be desir$
 = purity ( /yle or fidelity to !       
orig9al4 ,! volume is publi%$ 9 a f9i%$ 
& elegant  /yle4    ----      ,essays   
,on ,religion ,& ,lit]ature4    ,by     
,v>i\s ,writ]s4    ,edit$ by ,ar*bi%op  
,mann+4    ,second ,s]ies4 ,london3     
,longmans1 ,gre5  ,co4    ,new ,york3 ,=
 sale by ,! ,ca?olic ,publication       

,society4    ,! titles ( ^! essays & !  
names ( _! au?ors w  give our read]s a  
good idea ( ! "* & value ( ?is  volume3 
,inaugural ,address1 ,session #ahff-g1  
! ,mo/ ,rev4 ,ar*bi%op ,mann+1 ,d4,d42  
,on ,intellectual ,p[] & ,man's         
,p]fection--,dang]s (    ,uncontroll$   
,intellect1 ,w4 ,g4 ,w>d1 ,ph4,d42      
,on ! ,mission & ,prospects ( ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur* 9    ,engl&1 ,f4 ,oakley1 ,m4,a42
      ,*ri/ianity 9 ,relation to ,civil 
,society1 ,edw>d ,lucas2      ,on !     
,philosophy ( ,*ri/ianity1    ,albany   
,j4 ,*ri/ie1 ,m4,a41 ,s ,j42      ,on "s
 ,ev5ts ,prep>atory to ! ,engli%        
,re=mation1    ,h4 ,w4 ,wilb]=ce1       
,m4,a42      ,on ! ,inspiration (       
,scripture1    ,mo/ ,rev4 ,ar*bi%op     
,mann+1 ,d4,d42      ,*ur* & ,/ate1     
,edmund ,%]idan ,purcell2      ,c]ta9   
,sacrificial ,words us$ by ,sa9t ,paul1 
,monsignor ,patt]son1 ,m4,a4    ,x is   
impossible = u to ent] "h into an ext5d$
 review (  all ^! v rem>kable essays4   
,!y 7 read at diff]5t  meet+s ( !       

,engli% ,ca?olic ,academia1 f\nd$ six   
ye>s ago  by ! pres5t ,ar*bi%op (       
,we/m9/]1 & :i* has = its  object1 z !  
same illu/ri\s prelate & s*ol> in=ms u 9
  8 pres5t inaugural address1 !         
ma9t5ance & def5ce (  ! ,ca?olic        
religion1 bo? positively & 9 its        
relation to all  o!r tru?1 & polemically
 z aga9/ all =ms ( errone\s  doctr9es1  
pr9ciples1 & ?\ght4  #adb  ,?is fir/    
address is a %ort b compreh5sive sket* (
 !  /ate ( religion 9 ,engl&1 9 :i* !   
pres5t condition &  prospects ( ! fai?  
are contra/$ *iefly ) :at !y 7  ?irty   
ye>s ago4    ,! second & ?ird pap]s are 
design$ to uphold ! foll[+  !sis3 ,!    
p]fection ( man consi/s exclusively 9 ! 
p]fection ( 8 moral & spiritual nature1 
intellectual  excell5ce =m+ no "p ( x   
:atev]4 ,we _c help b  ?9k ! au?or has  
tak5 a great deal ( tr\ble to prove a   
truism2 = 8 def9ition ( p]fection is    
closely  re/rict$ to moral & spiritual  
p]fection4 ,we d n imag9e  t !          
antagoni/s he summons up f ! ranks (    

muscul>  ,*ri/ianity1 & f ! pres5t      
a!i/ical s*ool 9  ,engl&1 w\ld cont5d t 
pure intellect1 9 ! s5se us$ by  !      
au?or1 w\ld af=d m ?an a subord9ate     
s]vice to man's  spiritual welf>e1 su* z
 he himself proves 9 a second           
proposition4 ,! great] "p1 if n ! :ole1 
( ^!  antagoni/s to ,ca?olic asceticism 
"k no?+ ( :at !y are  discuss+4 ,!y     
suppose1 & falsely s1 t ! ,ca?olic      
,*ur* tea*es t ! s\l advances 9         
spiritual p]fection  precisely at !     
exp5se ( intellectual excell5ce2 t !    
sa9t becomes ! m holy z he becomes ! m  
/upid2 t  ! cultivation ( ! reason+ p[] 
is n only useless b a  positive h9drance
 to spiritual p]fection4 ,x is n        
surpris+  t our oppon5ts make ! mo/ (   
intellectual acquirem5ts1 (  physical   
heal? & /r5g?1 & exalt ! animal above ! 
spiritual1 because !y d5y 9 toto ! moral
 /ate (  man z ,ca?olic !ology1 bo?     
moral & ascetic1 supposes x to  be4 ,!y 
cont5d t !re is no?+ want+ 9 man's moral
  nature1 any m ?an 9 8 purely          

intellectual nature4 ,bo? are  weak1 x  
is true1 & %\ld be /r5g!n$ & p]fect$1 b 
! results ( moral weakness1 :i* we call 
s9 &  imp]fection1 are to be reg>d$ 9 ! 
same light z "o w\ld  ! results (       
ignorance 9 sci5ce4 ,s9 is simply a     
mi/ake1  culpable to ! same degree z a  
false d$uction 9 physics or  ma!matics  
w\ld be = want ( bett] in=mation &      
sci5tific k4 ,h5ce1 x is easy to see h[ 
^!  philosoph]s nei!r value nor 9 fact  
compreh5d ! ex]cises  ( ! spiritual     
life1 & look ^u all self-abnegation &   
mortification ( ! s5ses z degrad+4      
,purification ( !  s\l w\ld be nons5se1 
because ! s\l does n ne$  purification4 
,x ne$s only advancem5t1 enlight5m5t1 & 
nurture1 bo? 9 its spiritual &          
intellectual "p4 ,t a man  %\ld apply   
himself to ! p]fection ( 8 spiritual    
nature  )\t equal c>e to advance 9      
worldly sci5ce1 & keep 8  muscles well  
develop$1 8 /oma* full1 & 8 body        
fa%ionably & com=tably clo!d1 is some?+ 
:i* !  worldly wise _c und]/&4 ,h[ %\ld 

!y :5 !y rate  ! spiritual no high] ?an1
 if n bel[1 ! intellectual8  ,human     
greatness ) !m consi/s 9 physical &     
intellectual  p[]2 & !y ?9k ! _w is f> m
 b5efit$ by a  regim5t ( soldi]s & a    
bo>d ( trade ?an by a community (  monks
 & an association ( pray]4    ,b too mu*
 c>e _c be tak5 :5 we attempt to argue =
  ! !sis propos$ 9 ?is essay4 ,!re is   
dang] ( giv+ our  adv]s>ies an          
impression t we are cont5d+ = ! v  ?+s (
 :i* !y accuse u4 ,! intellect is n     
some?+  evil :i* is to be cru%$1 else we
 %\ld n look = a sa9t  9 a ,*ryso/om1 an
 ,augu/9e1 a ,?omas ( ,aqu9as1 a        
,bonav5tura1 or among ^? ?\s&s ( m5 &   
wom5 ( great  g5ius & surpass+          
intellectual p[]1 ^: works are !  glory 
( ! _w z !y are ( religion4    ,b "o ( !
 ex]cises ( asceticism1 say our         
oppon5ts1 is to  mortify ! intellect4   
,yes1 j z ,i mortify my sight by        
re/ra9+ x f re/+ ^u va9 or immoral      
objects1 my  appetite f too full an     
indulg5ce1 my love = music f  dang]\s   

display or va9 gratification1 or1 :at is
 at lea/ z  good a reason1 because ,i   
really h n ! "t to give my  intellect1  
my appetite1 my love ( ! beautiful 9    
art1 poetry1  & music all t !y dem&4    
#adc  ,i h a f> high] object 9 life1 & t
 is1 to make my s\l  pure & agreeable to
 ,god4 ,^! o!r & inf]ior objects are    
wor?y 9 !mselves ( att5tion1 b z = me ,i
 am too busy to  sp5d ei!r mu* ?\ght or 
"t ^u !m4    ,^? good p ^: ,god is _!   
belly1 or ^: highe/  aspiration 9 life  
is to see _! "n on ! title-page ( a     
book1 d\bt ei!r ! sanity or ! s9c]ity ( 
"o :o says  t he loves to ?9k ab\t ,god 
a great deal bett] ?an he does  ab\t :at
 he is go+ to h = d9n]1 & *ooses r to   
make a m$itation ?an to read ! morn+    
newspap]4 ,su* an "o  is p]haps j z     
hungry z ano!r = bo? animal & m5tal     
food1 b he puts away t anxi\s ?\ght ab\t
 d9n]1 he  decl9es ! invitation to he>  
,p>epa1 & sma%es 8 viol91  or consigns 8
 ma!matics to oblivion1 because x happ5s
 t  "s or all ( ^! ?+s are f\nd to h a  

t5d5cy to take  away 8 ?\ghts f ,god2 & 
z to volunt>y suff]+1 my  philosoph]1 ,i
 am sure t x co/ "o ( ^! degrad$        
ascetics m pa9 to sma% 8 viol9 ?an all !
 discipl9es  he ev] took 9 8 life4 ,:at 
ne$ 0 !re to sma% x8  ,because x /ood 9 
8 way1 & because sacrifice is !  sweete/
 & mo/ n\ri%+ food ! s\l c fe$ ^u4 ,& ! 
same = 8 vanity1 too1 y say4 ,possibly4 
,b d y  ackn[l$ge t !re is su* a ?+ z   
va+lory1 :i* may  arise 9 ! he>t &      
degrade x1 ?us plac+ a h9drance to  its 
p]fection8 ,i "k y d1 = y are con/antly 
accus+  ! ,ca?olic sa9ts ( x4 ,well1 !n 
y mu/ all[ t  mortification ( su* a     
t5d5cy is necess>y = man's  p]fection2 &
 hav+ once grant$ ! necessity (         
mortification = "o ?+1 y h giv5 up ! "q4
 ,let  u he> no m ( degrad+ asceticism1 
or ( ! unmanl9ess  & sup]/ition ( bodily
 au/]ities4    ,! fault ( ?is essay     
consi/s 9 ! fact t ! writ] says  he uses
 ! ^w intellect 9 its popul> s5se1 :ile 
8  argum5t supposes x to be tak5 9 its  
ab/ract1 philosophical  s5se4 ,9        

relation to ! "q at issue1 ! popul> s5se
 is  n ! philosophical "o4 ,! "q ( human
 p]fection1 z  put by ! enemies ( ! *ur*
 & ! rail]s at h] ascetic  pr9ciples &  
practices1 is3 ,does n ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
tea*  t man p]fects himself alone 9 !   
spiritual ord]1 & t  all human sci5ce is
 b vanity & vexation ( _s1 &1  !re=e1   
bett] left aside8 ,& is n ?is z a       
consequ5ce a  degrad+ /&>d to set be=e  
humanity1 & "o :i* t5ds  to sup]/ition1 
ignorance1 mean-spirit$ness1 z well z   
crim9al neglect ( heal? & p]sonal       
cleanl9ess8 ,is n  intellectual ability 
a tal5t1 & 0 n ! s]vant ( !  gospel     
condemn$ = return+ 8 to 8 "l unimprov$8 
,?is  "q ! writ] ( ! pres5t essay does n
 meet1 z we _h  hop$ he w\ld4 ,=        
ourselves1 we judge1 z ! writ]          
ackn[l$ges 9 8 second essay1 if we read 
him aright1 t  !re is su* a ?+ z        
intellectual p]fection1 arti/ical1      
me*anical1 & ev5 muscul> p]fection1 ea* 
9 _! own  ord]1 b inf]ior 9 "*1 aim1 &  
end to ! p]fection  ( ! spiritual       

nature1 :i* latt] p]fection x is n only 
lawful b obligatory to cultivate1 ev5 at
 ! exp5se ( ei!r  ( ! =m]4    ,to       
advance 9 spiritual p]fection is ! fir/ 
& highe/ duty  ( man4 ,seek fir/ ! k+dom
 ( ,god & 8 ju/ice4 ,if "o  c advance 9 
any o!r p]fection at ! same "t )\t      
detrim5t to ! fir/1 all well & good4    
,!re is no dang]  t ! devil's ,advocate 
w object to 8 canonization on !  score (
 8 great intellectual sup]iority1 8     
wond]ful  me*anical g5ius1 or ! firmness
 & beautiful developm5t (  8 muscles4 ,b
 let any ( ^! ?+s prove detrim5tal to 8 
spiritual p]fection1 z !y )\t d\bt      
frequ5tly d1 !n  he mu/ %ut up 8 books  
or sma% 8 viol91 z ! case may  be4    ,!
 essay by ,mr4 ,wilb]=ce1 ,on "s ,ev5ts 
,prep>atory to  ! ,engli% ,re=mation1 w 
be f\nd an exce$+ly  int]e/+ pap]4 ,t   
,on ! ,inspiration ( ,scripture1  by    
,ar*bi%op ,mann+1 pres5ts a concise view
 ( ! tea*+ (  ! *ur*1 & ! diff]5t       
op9ions ( ,prote/ant & ,ca?olic         
!ologians on t subject4 ,all ! essays   

are1 9 fact1  lit]>y productions ( a    
high ord]1 & m]it ! p]usal (  e s*ol> ( 
,engli% ,ca?olic lit]ature4    -------  
#add      ,lacordaire's ,lett]s ,to ,"y 
,m54    ,edit$ by ! ,c\nt de            
,montalemb]t4    ,translat$ by ! ,rev4  
,james ,tr5or4    ,baltimore3 ,kelly    
,piet4 #ahfg4    ,?is volume is compos$ 
( lett]s writt5 to 8 "y fri5ds  :il/ !  
au?or 0 engag$ 9 ! mo/ ardu\s &         
responsible  duties4 ,!y are n /udi$    
productions ( ! great ,dom9ican's       
lit]>y g5ius1 b r simple outp\r+s (     
pat]nal love  & solicitude t[>d ^? "y m5
 = ^: spiritual  direction he 0 at once 
s wise a guide1 s zeal\s a pa/or1  & s  
w>m a fri5d4 ,!y reveal ! weal? (       
affection :i*  enri*$ 8 own he>t1 & !   
consecration ( t affection to  ! highe/ 
& noble/ purpose ( life--! p]fection &  
salvation ( s\ls4 ,^! lett]s h be5      
publi%$ t o!r  "y m5 may also li/5 to 8 
wise c\nsels1 & receive t  direction &  
enc\ragem5t :i* ! writ] 0 s em95tly     
qualifi$ to be/[4    ,^? :i* ref] to !  

pa9ful /eps t fidelity to ! tru?  &     
loyalty to ! *ur* l$ him to take 9      
ref]5ce to ,m4 de  la ,m5nais w be f\nd 
exce$+ly int]e/+4 ,!re is no  book t we 
c\ld wi% to see m ext5sively circulat$  
among  & read by ! "y m5 ( our day ?an  
?is collection (  lett]s4 ,! p]usal ( !m
 w d mu* t[>d /r5g!n+  t bond ( holy    
fri5d%ip & mutual confid5ce :i* exi/s   
betwe5 y\? & ! prie/hood1 s truly       
b5eficial to ! "o  & full ( consolation 
to ! o!r4    --------      ,extracts ,f 
,! ,fa!rs ,& ,*ur* ,hi/orians4    ,w4   
,b4 ,kelly1    #h ,grafton ,/reet1      
,dubl94    ,= sale by ! ,ca?olic        
,publication ,society1    #abf ,nassau  
,/reet1 ,new-,york4    ,?is volume      
conta9s *oice selections f ! fa!rs1     
fai?fully translat$ into ,engli%4       
---------      ,mod]n ,hi/ory2 f ! com+ 
( ,*ri/ & *ange ( !    ,roman ,republic 
into an ,empire1 to ! ye> ( our ,"l     
#ahfg1    ) que/ions = ! use ( s*ools4  
,by ,pet] ,fr$et1 ,d4,d4    #bb;d       
edition1 revis$1 etc4    #a vol4 #abmo1 

pp4 #eff & #ch4    ,baltimore3 ,john    
,murphy  ,co4 #ahfg4        ,a          
,comp5dium ,( ,anci5t ,& ,mod]n         
,hi/ory--) que/ions1    adapt$ to ! use 
( s*ools1 ) an app5dix1 etc4--f !       
,creation to ! ye> #ahfg4    ,by ,m4 ,j4
 ,k]ney1 ,a4,m4    #a vol4 #abmo1 pp4   
#dca4    ,baltimore3 ,john ,murphy  ,co4
 #ahfg4    ,^! works are excell5t       
epitomes ( hi/ory1 & are v  popul> 9 !  
,ca?olic s*ools ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & !   
,canadas4 ,! fir/ ( !m1 ,fr$et's        
,hi/ory1 is a useful volume1  & gives ! 
read] a cle> & correct idea ( mod]n     
hi/ory1  especially if he has n "t to   
read ! m volum9\s  hi/ories ( ! v>i\s   
c\ntries ( ! _w4 ,! pres5t  edition (   
bo? ^! volumes is br\ght d[n to ! ye>   
#ahfg1  & ! acc\nt ( our late t]rible w>
 is writt5 ) c&or  & )\t bias1 ! b>e    
facts & dates ( battles be+  giv54 ,!y  
are gott5 up 9 good1 s]viceable /yle =  
s*ools4    ---------      ,! ,bohemians 
,( ,! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4    ,translat$ f 
! ,fr5* ( ,h5ri ,gu5ot1    by ,mrs4 ,j4 

,sadli]4 ,new-,york3 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli]   
,co4    ,?is is a v correct translation 
( a beautiful little tale by  ,m4       
,gu5ot1 illu/rat+ ! peculi> habits &    
mann] ( liv+  ( t /range p1 g5]ally     
call$ ,gipsies1 :o appe>$ 9  ,europe    
ab\t ! "t select$ by ! au?or = 8        
illu/ration4 ,! /ory is well told 9 !   
orig9al1 ) an  att5tion to "t & place   
*>act]i/ic ( ! be/ ,fr5*  writ]s (      
fiction1 & 9 ! ,engli% v]sion be=e u x  
loses  no?+ 9 accuracy or ev5 9 vivacity
 ( /yle4 ,x is an  excell5t book = "y   
read]s1 & w d\btless f9d a l>ge         
circulation among t class4              
--------------------    #ade      ,!    
,ca?olic ,_w4      ,vol4 ,,vi41 ,no4    
#cb4 ,novemb]1 #ahfg4                   
,unpubli%$ ,lett]s ,( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton4  
,two ye>s ago1 ,c\nt ,h5ri de ,*a/ellux 
gave to ! _w1  ?r\gh ! pages ( ,le      
,correspond5t ( ,p>is1 a  translation ( 
?irte5 lett]s ( ,wa%+ton's nev] be=e    
pr9t$4 ,!y 7 address$ to ! ,m>quis de   
,*a/ellux1 t  gallant & accompli%$ ,fr5*

 nobleman :o f\ght ) !  patriot army    
dur+ our revolution>y w>1 s]v+ z        
major-g5]al "u ,ro*ambeau1 & ( ^:       
subsequ5t travels  9 ,am]ica we gave "s 
acc\nt 9 an e>ly numb] ( ,,!  ,,ca?olic 
,,_w4 ,wa%+ton seems to h ent]ta9$ a    
s9c]e  reg>d = ?is di/+ui%$ soldi] & man
 ( lett]s1 :o1  besides be+ 9 complete  
h>mony ) ! f\nd] ( !  ,am]ican republic 
9 8 views ( philosophy & politics1 0 a  
g5tleman ( mo/ amiable private "*1      
agreeable mann]s1  & ext5sive in=mation4
 ,aft] 8 return to ,france he kept up  a
 correspond5ce ) ,wa%+ton z long z he   
liv$1 ! la/  lett] 9 ! pres5t collection
 be>+ date only six mon?s  be=e !       
m>quis's dea?4 ,al?\gh x _c be said t   
,wa%+ton's lett]s reveal any facts (    
importance n already  kn[n1 !y are n    
devoid ( hi/orical int]e/1 ap>t f !     
value :i* all confid5tial communications
 f 8 p5 mu/  possess 9 ! eyes (         
patriotic ,am]icans4 ,we are indebt$ to 
! ef=ts ( ! ,abb ,cazali 9 procur+      
copies ( !  orig9al f ! ,c\nt ,h5ri de  

,*a/ellux1 :o 0 k9d en\gh  to copy !m   
himself4 ,to bo? ( ^! g5tlem5 we return 
our  mo/ s9c]e ?anks4 ,! fir/ is dat$ at
 ,new-,w9dsor1 ,janu>y  #bh?1 #agha4    
,c\nt de ,*a/ellux _h j arriv$ at       
,newport1  :]e ! ,fr5* army 0 !n qu>t]$4
             ,i4      ,my ,de> ,sir3 ,i 
congratulate y on y\r safe arrival 9    
good    heal? at ,newport1 aft] travell+
 ?r\gh s l>ge an ext5t    ( ! !atre ( w>
 9 ,am]ica4 ,receive my ?anks = y\r     
c\rtesy 9 in=m+ me ( ! same1 & also =   
mak+ me    acqua9t$ ) ! ,comte de       
,*>lus4 ,8 prepossess+    appe>ance is a
 suffici5t indication ( ! amiable       
qualities    ( 8 m9d1 & fails n to      
produce at fir/ view a favorable        
impression ^u all :o see him4    #adf   
,aft] sp5d+ sev]al days ) u at          
headqu>t]s1 he has    gone to           
,philadelphia1 accompani$ by ,c\nt      
,dillon4      ,i left !m at ,r+wood1    
:i!r ,i w5t to repress a p>tial         
revolt at ,pompton among ! ,new-,j]sey  
troops1 :o1 aft] !    example ( ^? (    

,p5nsylvania1 mut9i$ & refus$ to obey   
_! (fic]s4 ,! affair happily end$ )\t   
blood%$4 ,two    ( ! r+lead]s 7 execut$ 
on ! spot1 & ord] _h    be5 completely  
re/or$ be=e ,i left4      ,i am at a    
loss = words to express my appreciation 
( y\r    approval & fri5d%ip1 & ! value 
,i atta* to !m4 ,x    %all be ! desire &
 happ9ess ( my life to m]it _!          
cont9uance1 & to assure y on e occasion 
( my    admiration = y\r "* & virtues4  
,i am1 de> sir1 y\r    mo/ ob$i5t       
s]vant1           ,g4 ,wa%+ton4         
,,ii4         ,new ,w9dsor1 ,may #g1    
#agha4      ,de> ,sir3 ,p]mit me1 on ?is
 occasion ( writ+ to y1 to    beg9 my   
lett] ) congratulations on y\r recov]$  
heal?1    & ,i (f] !m s9c]ely4          
,colonel ,m5oville put into my h&s two  
days s9ce y\r favor    ( ! #bi? ultimo4 
,if my incl9ation 0 second$ by !        
means1 ,i %\ld n fail to meet ?is       
g5tleman z ! fri5d    ( my fri5d2 & if x
 is n 9 my p[] to comply ) 8    wi%es on
 ! score ( provisions1 ,i w deal ) him  

c&idly by communicat+ ! causes4      ,i 
am impress$ ) too high a s5se ( !       
abilities &    c&or ( ! ,*evali]        
,*a/ellux to conceive t he is    capable
 ( creat+ false hopes4 ,8 communication1
 !re=e1    ( ! ,we/ ,indies intellig5ce 
comes ) m]it$ =ce1 & ,i    w\ld to ,god 
x 7 9 my p[] to take ! prop] advantage  
( x6 ,b if y c recollect a private      
conv]sation :i* ,i    _h ) y 9 ! ,c\nt  
de ,ro*ambeau's *amb]1 y w be    p]suad$
 x is n2 especially :5 ,i add1 t ! want 
(    :i* ,i !n compla9$ exi/s 9 mu*     
great] =ce ?an x    did at t mom5t2 b   
su* prep>ations z c be made1 ,i    w    
make = ! ev5ts y allude to4 ,! c&id _w &
    well-in=m$ (fic] w expect no m4     
,may y p>ticipate 9 ^? bless+s y h      
invok$ h]eon    = me1 & may y live to   
see a happy t]m9ation ( a    /ruggle :i*
 0 begun1 & has be5 cont9u$1 = !        
purpose ( rescu+ ,am]ica f imp5d+       
slav]y1 &    secur+ to its inhabitants  
_! indubitable rights1 9 :i*    y be> a 
conspicu\s "p1 is ! ard5t wi% (1 de>    

sir1    y\r mo/ ob$i5t & mo/            
affectionate s]vant1               ,g4  
,wa%+ton4                     ,,iii4    
,new ,w9dsor1 ,june #ac1 #agha4      ,my
 ,de> ,*evali]3 ,i fe>1 f ! purport ( ! 
lett] y    did me ! honor to write f    
,newport on ! #i?1 t my    s5tim5ts     
respect+ ! c\ncil ( w> held on bo>d !   
,duke de ,b\rgogne1 7! #ca/ ( ,may17 h  
be5    misconceiv$1 & ,i %all be v      
unhappy if !y receive an                
int]pretation diff]5t f ! true int5t &  
mean+ (    !m4 ,if ?is is ! case1 x c   
only be attribut$ to my n    und]/&+ !  
bus9ess ( ! ,duke de ,lauzun p]fectly4  
,i    w rely1 !re=e1 on y\r goodness &  
c&or to expla9    & rectify ! mi/ake1 if
 any has happ5$4    #adg      ,my wi%es 
p]fectly co9cid$ ) ! det]m9ation ( !    
bo>d ( w> to cont9ue ! fleet at ,rhode  
,isl&1 provid$ x    c\ld rema9 !re 9    
safety ) ! =ce requir$1 & did    n imp$e
 ! m>* ( ! army t[>d ! ,nor? riv]2 b1   
:5 ,duke ,lauzun in=m$ me t my op9ion ( 
! propriety    & safety ( ?is measure 0 

requir$ by ! bo>d1 & t    he came hi!r  
at ! p>ticul> reque/ ( ! ,c\nts         
,ro*ambeau & de ,b>ras to obta9 x1 ,i 0 
r$uc$ to !    pa9ful necessity ( deliv]+
 a s5tim5t diff]5t f t    ( a mo/       
respectable bo>d1 or ( =feit+ all       
pret5sions    to c&or by ! concealm5t ( 
x4      ,^u ?is gr\nd x 0 ,i wrote to ! 
g5]als to ! effect ,i    did1 & n       
because ,i 0 dissatisfi$ at ! alt]ation 
(    ! plan agre$ to at ,we!rsfield4 ,my
 fe>s = ! safety (    ! fleet1 :i* ,i am
 n[ p]suad$ 7 c>ri$ too f>1 7           
productive ( a belief t ! g5]als1 :5    
sep>at$1 might    feel uneasy at e      
my/]i\s prep>ation ( ! enemy1 &         
occasion a fre% call = militia4 ,?is _h 
"s weight 9 my    det]m9ation to give   
,bo/on 7:]e ,i 0 sure no dang] c\ld     
be enc\nt]$ b t ( a blockade7 a pref]5ce
 to ,newport1    :]e1 "u "s             
circum/ances1 ?\gh n su* z 7 likely     
to happ51 some?+ might be ent]pris$4    
,! fleet be+ at ,rhode ,isl& is att5d$  
c]ta9ly ) _m    advantages 9 ! op]ation 

propos$1 & ,i entreat t y1    & !       
g5tlem5 :o 7 ( op9ion t x ought to be   
risk$ !re = ^! purposes1 w be assur$ t  
,i h a    high s5se ( ! obligation y    
mean to conf] on ,am]ica by    t        
resolve1 & t y\r zeal to promote !      
common cause1    & my anxiety = ! safety
 ( s valuable a fleet1 7 !    only      
motives :i* gave bir? to ! app>5t       
diff]5ce 9 our    op9ions4      ,i set t
 value ^u y\r fri5d%ip & c&or1 & h t    
implicit belief 9 y\r atta*m5t to       
,am]ica1 t !y are    only to be equall$ 
by ! s9c]ity ) :i* ,i h !    honor to   
be1 de> sir1 y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 & oblig$1 &
    fai?ful s]vant1           ,g4       
,wa%+ton4                   ,,iv4       
,philadelphia1 ,janu>y #d1 #aghb4       
,my ,de> ,*evali]3 ,i _c suff] y\r old  
acqua9tance1 ,mrs4    ,c>t]1 to proce$  
to ,williamsburg )\t tak+ ) h] a        
remembrance ( my fri5d%ip = y4      ,i h
 be5 deta9$ "h by ,congress to assi/ 9  
mak+ !    necess>y arrangem5ts = next   
campaign1 & am happy to f9d    s        

favorable a disposition 9 t body to     
prep>e vigor\sly    = x4 ,!y h resolv$  
to keep up ! same numb] (    regim5ts z 
con/itut$ ! army ( la/ ye>1 & h call$   
^u ! ,/ates 9 a press+ mann] to complete
 !m4    ,requisitions ( money are also  
made2 b h[ f> ! abilities    &          
incl9ations ( ! ,/ates individually w   
co9cide )    ! dem&s is m ?an ,i am     
able1 at ?is e>ly p]iod1 to    in=m y4  
,a fur!r pecuni>y aid f y\r g5]\s       
nation1    & a decisive naval =ce ^u ?is
 coa/ 9 ! latt] end (    ,may or beg9n+ 
( ,june1 unlimit$ 9 its /ay & op]ations1
    w\ld1 unless ! res\rces ( ,great    
,brita9 are inexhau/ible1    or %e c =m 
p[]ful alliances1 bid fair to f9i% ! w> 
9 ! c\rse ( next campaign1 7if %e mean  
to prosecute x17    ) ! ru9 ( t p4      
,! fir/1 t is1 an aid ( money1 w\ld     
enable our f9anci]    to support !      
exp5ses ( ! w> ) ease & cr$it1    )\t   
anticipat+ a *ange 9 ^? funds :i*       
,congress are    endeavor+ to e/abli%1 &
 :i* w be productive 9 !    op]ation4   

#adh      ,! second1 a naval sup]iority1
 w\ld compel ! enemy to draw    _! :ole 
=ce to a po9t1 :i* w\ld n only be a     
disgrace to _! arms by ! rel9qui%m5t (  
po/s1 & !    ,/ates :i* !y affect to h  
conqu]$1 b might    ev5tually be fatal  
to _! army1 or1 by attempt+ to hold     
^!1 be cut (f 9 detail4 ,s t 9 ei!r case
 ! mo/    important good consequ5ces    
w\ld result f ! measure4      ,z y w h  
receiv$ 9 a m direct *annel ?an f me    
! news ( ! surprise & recapture ( ,/4   
,eu/atia by !    arms ( ,france1 ,i %all
 only congratulate y on ! ev5t1 &    add
 t x m>ks1 9 a /rik+ po9t ( view1 !     
g5ius (    ! ,m>quis de ,b\ill =        
ent]prise1 & = intrepidity &    res\rces
 9 difficult circum/ances4 ,8 conduct ^u
 ?is    occasion does him inf9ite honor4
      ,amid ! num]\s fri5ds :o w\ld     
rejoice to see y at ?is    place1 none  
7:ile ,i /ay "h7 c\ld give y a m s9c]e  
& cordial welcome ?an ,i %\ld4 ,%all ,i 
entreat y to    pres5t me to ! circle ( 
y\r fri5ds 9 ! army ar\nd    y1 ) all t 

w>m? & atta*m5t ,i am s5sible (1 &    to
 believe t ) s5tim5ts ( ! pure/ fri5d%ip
 &    reg>d ,i h ! honor to be1 etc41   
,g4 ,wa%+ton4                      ,v4  
,headqu>t]s1 ,newburg1      ,aug4 #aj1  
#aghb4      ,my ,de> ,*evali]3 ,i love &
 ?ank y = ! s5tim5ts    conta9$ 9 y\r   
lett] ( ! #e?4 ,i look =w>d )           
pleasure to ! epo* :i* w place u z      
conv5i5tly 9    "o camp z we are        
cong5ial 9 our s5tim5ts4 ,i %all embrace
    y :5 x happ5s ) ! w>m? ( p]fect     
fri5d%ip4      ,my "t1 dur+ my w9t]     
resid5ce 9 ,philadelphia1 0    unusually
 7= me7 divid$ betwe5 p>ties ( pleasure 
&    p>ties ( bus9ess4 ,! fir/1 ne>ly ( 
a sam5ess at all    times & places 9 ?is
 infant c\ntry1 is easily conceiv$2     
at lea/1 is too unimportant =           
description4 ,! second 0    only        
div]sifi$ by p]plexities1 & c\ld af=d no
    ent]ta9m5t4 ,conv9c$ ( ^! ?+s       
myself1 & kn[+    t y\r intellig5ce )   
respect to =eign affairs 0    bett] & m 
int]e/+ ?an m9e1 ,i _h no subject to    

address y ^u2 ?us1 !n1 d ,i acc\nt = my 
sil5ce4      ,my "t s9ce ,i jo9$ ! army 
9 ?is qu>t] has be5    occupi$          
pr9cipally 9 provid+ =1 discipl9+1 &    
prep>+1 "u _m emb>rassm5ts1 ! troops = !
 field4    ,cramp$ z we h be5 & /ill are
 = ! want ( money1    ev]y?+ moves      
sl[ly1 b1 z ?is is no new case1 ,i am n 
disc\rag$ by x4      ,! enemy talk l\dly
 & v confid5tly ( peace2 b    :e!r !y   
are 9 e>ne/1 or :e!r x is to amuse &    
:ile away ! "t till !y c prep>e = a m   
vigor\s    prosecution ( ! w>1 "t w     
ev9ce4 ,c]ta9 x is1 !    refugees at    
,new ,york are viol5tly convuls$ by a   
lett] :i*    ere ?is y w h se5 publi%$1 
f ,sir ,guy ,c>leton    & ,admiral      
,digby to me1 ^u ! subject ( a g5]al    
pacification & ackn[l$gm5t ( !          
indep5d5cy ( ?is    c\ntry4      ,adieu1
 my de> ,*evali]4 ,a s9c]e e/eem & reg>d
 bids me    assure y t1 ) s5tim5ts (    
pure affection1 etc41                   
,g4 ,wa%+ton4    #adi                   
,,vi4        ,newburg1 ,dec4 #ad1 #aghb4

      ,my ,de> ,*evali]3 ,i felt too mu*
 to express any?+ ! day    ,i p>t$ ) y4 
,a s5se ( y\r public s]vices to ?is     
c\ntry & gratitude = y\r private        
fri5d%ip q    ov]came me at ! mom5t (   
our sep>ation4 ,b ,i %\ld be    want+ to
 ! feel+s ( my he>t1 & d viol5ce to my  
incl9ation1 7 ,i to suff] y to leave ?is
 c\ntry )\t    ! w>me/ assurances ( an  
affectionate reg>d = y\r    p]son & "*4 
,our good fri5d1 ! ,m>quis de           
,lafayette1 prep>$ me 7long    be=e ,i  
_h ! honor to see y7 = ^? impressions ( 
e/eem :i* opportunities & y\r own       
b5evol5t m9d h    s9ce improv$ into a   
deep & la/+ fri5d%ip--a fri5d%ip    :i* 
nei!r "t1 nor di/ance c ev] eradicate4  
,i c truly say t nev] 9 my life did ,i  
"p ) a man to    :om my s\l clave m     
s9c]ely ?an x did to y4 ,my    w>me/    
wi%es w att5d y 9 y\r voyage across !   
,atlantic1 to ! rew>ds ( a g5]\s        
pr9ce--! arms (    affectionate         
fri5ds--& be assur$ t x w be "o ( my    
highe/ gratifications to keep a regul>  

int]c\rse ) y    by lett]4      ,i      
regret exce$+ly t circum/ances %\ld     
)draw y    f ?is c\ntry be=e ! f9al     
accompli%m5t ( t    indep5d5ce & peace  
:i* ! arms ( our good ally has    assi/$
 9 plac+ be=e u 9 su* an agreeable po9t 
(    view4 ,no?+ w\ld give me m pleasure
 ?an to accompany y    aft] ! w> 9 a t\r
 ?r\gh ! great cont95t ( ,nor?          
,am]ica1 9 se>* ( ! natural curiosities 
) :i* x    ab\nds1 & to view at ! same  
"t ! f\ndation ( a    ris+ empire4 ,i h 
! honor1 etc41                      ,g4 
,wa%+ton4      ,p4,s4--,p]mit me to     
tr\ble y ) ! inclos$ lett] to !         
,m>quis de ,lafayette4                  
,,vii4        ,headqu>t]s1 ,newburg1    
,may #aj1 #aghc4      ,my ,de> ,*evali]3
 ,! affectionate expressions 9 y\r      
f>ewell lett] ( ! #h? ( ,june f         
,annapolis gave a new    spr+ to !      
pleas+ remembrance ( our pa/ intimacy1 &
    y\r lett] ( ! #d? ( ,m>* f ,p>is has
 conv9c$ me    t "t nor di/ance c       
eradicate ! se$s ( fri5d%ip    :5 !y h  

tak5 root 9 a good soil & are nurtur$ by
    philan?ropy & b5evol5ce4 ,t ,i value
 y\r e/eem1 &    wi% to reta9 a place 9 
y\r affections1 are tru?s ( :i*    ,i   
hope y are conv9c$1 z ,i wi% y to be (  
my s9c]ity    :5 ,i assure y t x is     
among ! fir/ wi%es ( my he>t    to pay !
 tribute ( respect to y\r nation1 to :i*
 ,i am    prompt$ by motives ( public   
consid]ation & private    fri5d%ips2 b  
h[ f> x may be 9 my p[] to yield a      
prompt ob$i5ce to my incl9ation is m ?an
 ,i c decide    ^u at pres5t4      ,y h1
 my de> ,*evali]1 plac$ be=e my eyes !  
expos$    situation ( my seat on !      
,potomack1 & w>n$ me ( !    dang] :i* is
 to be appreh5d$ f a surprise2 b z ,i   
h an entire confid5ce 9 x1 & an         
affection = y\r    c\ntrym51 ,i %all bid
 defiance to ! ent]prise1 "u a    full  
p]suasion t1 if success %\ld att5d x &  
,i _c    make t]ms = my releasem5t1 ,i  
%all be g5]\sly treat$ by    my captors1
 & !re is su* a ?+ z a pleas+ captivity4
      ,at pres5t bo? armies rema9 9 !   

situation y left !m1    except t all    
acts ( ho/ilities h ceas$ 9 ?is qu>t]   
& ?+s h put on a m tranquil appe>ance   
?an    h]et(ore4  #aej    ,we look =w>d 
) anxi\s expectation = ! def9itive      
treaty to remove ! d\bts & difficulties 
:i* prevail at    pres5t1 & our c\ntry (
 our newly acquir$ fri5ds 9 ,new        
,york1 & o!r places )9 ^! ,/ates1 ( ^:  
company we    are he>tily tir$4 ,sir    
,guy1 ) :om ,i h _h a meet+ at          
,dobb's ,f]ry = ! purpose ( asc]ta9+ !  
epo* ( ?is    ev5t1 c\ld give me no     
def9itive answ]1 b g5]al    assurances t
 he 0 tak+ e prep>atory measure = x2    
"o ( :i* 01 t1 a few days previ\s to !  
int]view1    he _h %ipp$ (f = ,nova     
,scotia upw>d ( #fjjj refugees or       
loyali/s1 :o1 appreh5d+ !y w\ld n be    
receiv$ z    citiz5s ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 he ?\ght x 8 duty to    remove previ\s 
to ! evacuation ( ! city by ! k+'s      
troops4      ,! ,indians h recomm5c$    
ho/ilities on ! fronti]s (              
,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia1 kill+ & scalp+ 

:ole families    :o _h j return$ to !   
habitations1 f :i* !y _h    fl$1 9      
expectation ( enjoy+ !m 9 peace4 ,^! p  
w be tr\blesome neighbors to u1 unless  
!y c be remov$    to a mu* great]       
di/ance1 & ?is is only to be done by    
pur*ase or conque/4 ,:i* ( ! two w be   
adopt$ by    ,congress1 ,i "k n4 ,!     
fir/1 ,i believe1 w\ld be *eape/    &   
p]haps mo/ consi/5t ) ju/ice4 ,! latt]  
mo/    effectual4      ,mrs4 ,wa%+ton is
 v s5sible ( y\r k9d remembrance (      
h]1 & pres5ts h] be/ respects to y1 9   
:i* all !    g5tleman ( my family :o are
 ) me cordially & s9c]ely    jo94       
,tilghman1 ,i expect1 has be=e ?is ent]$
 into !    matrimonial /ate ) a c\s9 ( 8
 :om y may h se5    at ,mr4 ,c>roll's   
ne> ,baltimore4 ,my be/ wi%es att5d     
,b>on    ,montesquieu1 & su* o!r g5tlem5
 )9 y\r circle z ,i    h ! honor to be  
acqua9t$ )4 ,i c only repeat to y       
assurances ( ! mo/ p]fect fri5d%ip &    
atta*m5t1 etc4                  ,g4     
,wa%+ton4                      ,,viii4  

,pr9ceton1 ,octob] #ab1 #aghc4      ,my 
,de> ,*evali]3 ,i h n _h ! honor ( a    
lett] f    y s9ce ! #d? ( ,m>* la/1 b ,i
 w ascribe my    disappo9tm5t to any    
cause r ?an to a decay ( y\r            
fri5d%ip4      ,hav+ ! appe>ances1 &    
inde$ ! enjoym5t ( peace1    )\t ! f9al 
decl>ation ( x1 ,i1 :o am only wait+ =  
! c]emonials1 or till ! ,briti% =ces    
%all h tak5    _! leave ( ,new ,york1 am
 held 9 an awkw>d & disagreeable        
situation2 be+ anxi\sly desir\s to quit 
! walks ( public    life1 &1 "u my own  
v9e & my own fig-tree1 to seek ^?       
enjoym5ts & t relaxation :i* a m9d t has
 be5    con/antly ^u ! /ret* = m ?an    
eight ye>s /&s s    mu* 9 want (4       
,i h fix$ ?is epo* to ! arrival ( !     
def9itive    treaty1 or to ! evacuation 
( my c\ntry by our newly    acquir$     
fri5ds4 ,9 ! mean :ile1 at ! reque/ (   
,congress1 ,i sp5d my "t ) !m at ?is    
place2 :]e !y    came 9 consequ5ce ( !  
riots at ,philadelphia1 ( :i*1          
d\btless1 y h be5 fully in=m$1 = x is n 

a v    rec5t transaction4      ,!y h    
lately det]m9$ to fix ! p]man5t resid5ce
 (    ,congress ne> ! falls ( ,delaw>e1 
b :]e !y w hold    _! session till !y c 
be prop]ly e/abli%$ at t    place is yet
 undecid$4    #aea      ,i h lately made
 a t\r ?r\gh ! ,lakes ,george &         
,*ampla9 z f> z ,cr[n ,po9t2 !n1 return+
 to    ,s*5ectady1 ,i proce$$ up !      
,mohawk riv] to ,=t ,s*uyl]1    7=m]ly  
,=t ,/anwix17 cross$ ov] to ! ,wood     
creek1 :i*    empties into ! ,oneida    
,lake & af=ds ! wat]    communication ) 
,ont>io2 ,i !n trav]s$ ! c\ntry to !    
head ( ! ea/]n bran* ( ! ,susquehanna1 &
 arriv$ at    ! ,lake ,otsego1 & !      
portage betwe5 t lake & !    ,mohawk    
riv] at ,canajoh>ie4      ,prompt$ by ^!
 actual obs]vations1 ,i c\ld n help tak+
    a m contemplative & ext5sive view ( 
! va/ inl&    navigation ( ^! ,unit$    
,/ates f maps1 & !    in=mation ( o!rs1 
& c\ld n b be /ruck ) !    imm5se       
diffusion & importance ( x1 & ) !       
goodness    ( t ,provid5ce :i* has dealt

 h] favors to u ) s    pr(use a h&4     
,w\ld to ,god we may h wisdom en\gh to  
make    a good use ( !m4 ,i %all n re/  
cont5t$ till ,i h    explor$ ! we/]n "p 
( ?is c\ntry1 & trav]s$ ^!    l9es 7or  
great "p ( !m7 :i* h giv5 b\nds to a new
    empire4 ,b :5 x may1 if x ev] %\ld1 
happ51 ,i d>e n    say1 z my fir/       
att5tion mu/ be giv5 to ! d]ang$        
situation ( my private conc]ns1 :i* are 
n a little    injur$ by almo/ n9e ye>s  
abs5ce & total disreg>d (    !m4      ,)
 e wi% = y\r heal? & happ9ess1 & ) !    
mo/ s9c]e & affectionate reg>d1 etc41   
,g4 ,wa%+ton4                     ,,ix4 
,m\nt ,v]non1 ,febru>y #a1 #aghd4       
,my ,de> ,*evali]3 ,i h _h ! honor to   
receive y\r favor    ( ! #bc;d ( ,augu/ 
f ,l',ori5t1 & hope ?is lett] w    f9d y
 9 ! circle ( y\r fri5ds at ,p>is1 well 
recov]$    f ! fatigues ( y\r long      
inspection on ! fronti]s (    ! k+dom4  
,i am1 at l5g?1 become a private citiz5 
on ! banks ( !    ,potomack1 :]e1 "u my 
own v9e & my own fig-tree1 free    f !  

bu/le ( a camp & ! intrigues ( a c\rt1  
,i %all    view ! busy _w ) calm        
indiff]5ce1 & ) t    s]5ity ( m9d :i* ! 
soldi] 9 pursuit ( glory & !    /atesman
 ( a "n h n leisure to enjoy4 ,i am n   
only    retir$ f all public employm5ts1 
b am retir+ )9    myself1 & %all lead ! 
private walks ( life ) he>tfelt         
satisfaction4 ,aft] see+ ,new ,york     
evacuat$ by ! ,briti%    =ces on ! #be? 
( ,novemb]1 & civil gov]nm5t    e/abli%$
 9 ! city1 ,i repair$ to ,congress &    
surr5d]$    all my p[]s1 ) my           
commission1 into _! h&s on ! #bc;d    ( 
,decemb]1 & arriv$ at ?is cottage ! day 
be=e    ,*ri/mas1 :]e ,i h be5 close    
lock$ 9 fro/ & sn[    ev] s9ce4 ,mrs4   
,wa%+ton ?anks y = y\r k9d              
remembrance ( h]1 & prays y to accept h]
 be/ wi%es 9    return4 ,) s5tim5ts1    
etc41                  ,g4 ,wa%+ton4    
,x4        ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,june #b1      
#aghd4      ,my ,de> ,sir3 ,i _h ! honor
 to receive a %ort lett] f y    by      
,major l',enfant4 ,my (ficial lett]s to 

! ,c\nts d',e/a+    & ,ro*ambeau 7:i*1  
,i expect1 w be submitt$ to !    memb]s 
( ! ,c9c9natis 9 ,france7 w in=m y ( !  
proce$+s ( ! ,g5]al ,meet+1 held at     
,philadelphia1 on    ! #c;d ult41 ( !   
reasons :i* induc$ a dep>ture f "s    ( 
! orig9al pr9ciples & rules ( ! society4
  #aeb    ,z ^! h be5 detail$1 ,i w n   
repeat !m1 & z we    h no occurr5ces out
 ( ! common c\rse1 except !             
e/abli%m5t ( t5 new ,/ates 9 ! we/]n    
t]ritory1 &    ! appo9tm5t ( ,mr4       
,jeff]son 7^: tal5ts & wor? are    well 
kn[n to y7 z "o ( ! commission]s = =m+  
comm]cial treaties 9 ,europe1 ,i w only 
repeat to y !    assurances ( my        
fri5d%ip1 & express to y a wi% t ,i     
c\ld see y 9 ! %ade ( ^? trees :i* my   
h&s h    plant$1 & :i* by _! rapid gr[? 
at once indicate a    k ( my decl9ation 
& _! will+ness to spread    _! mantles  
ov] me be=e ,i g home to return no m4 ,=
    ?is _! gratitude ,i w nurture !m    
:ile ,i /ay4      ,be=e ,i conclude1    
p]mit me to recomm5d ,colonel           

,humphreys1    :o is appo9t$ secret>y to
 ! commission1 to y\r    c\nt5ance &    
civilities :il/ he rema9s 9 ,france4 ,he
    possesses an excell5t he>t & a good 
und]/&+4 ,)    e1 etc41                 
,g4 ,wa%+ton4                           
,,xi4        ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,septemb] #e1
 #aghe4      ,my ,de> ,sir3 ,i am y\r   
debtor = two lett]s1 "o ( ! #ab?    (   
,decemb]1 ! o!r ( ! #h? ( ,april4 ,s9ce 
! receipt    ( ! fir/ ,i h paid my      
respects to y 9 a l9e or two by    a    
,major ,swan1 b1 z x 0 introductory only
 ( him1 x    requires an apology r ?an  
entitles me to a cr$it 9 our    epi/ol>y
 correspond5ce4      ,if ,i _h z good a 
knack1 my de> ,m>quis1 ,footnote #bc z y
    h at say+ h&some ?+s1 ,i w\ld       
endeavor to pay y 9    k9d = ! _m       
flatt]+ expressions ( y\r lett]s1       
hav+ an ample field to "w 92 b z ,i am a
 clumsy labor]    9 ! manufactory (     
complim5ts1 ,i mu/ fir/ pr(ess my       
unwor?9ess ( ^? :i* y h be/[$ on me1 &  
!n1    consci\s ( my inability ( meet+ y

 ^u t gr\nd1    confess t x is bett] =  
me n to ent] ! li/1 ?an to    retreat f 
x 9 disgrace4        ,footnote #bc3 ,by 
! dea? ( 8 bro!r1 ,philippe ,l\is (     
,*a/ellux1 on ! #bf? ,janu>y1 #aghd1 !  
,*evali] _h      tak5 ?is title4 ,,ed4  
,c4 ,w4      ,x gives me great pleasure 
to f9d by my la/ lett]s f    ,france t !
 d>k cl\ds :i* ov]spread y\r hemisph]e  
are yield+ to ! sun%9e ( peace4 ,my fir/
 wi% is to see    ! bless+s ( x diffus$ 
?r\gh all c\ntries1 & among    all ranks
 9 e c\ntry1 & t we %\ld consid]        
ourselves z ! *ildr5 ( a common ,p>5t1 &
 be dispos$    to acts ( bro!rly k9dness
 t[>d "o ano!r4 ,9 t case    re/rictions
 ( trade w\ld vani%3 we %\ld take y\r   
w9es1    y\r fruits1 & surplusage ( su* 
articles z our necessities    or        
conv5i5ce might require & 9 return give 
y our fi%1    our oil1 our tobacco1 our 
naval /ores1 etc42 & 9 l    mann] %\ld  
ex*ange produce ) o!r c\ntries1 to !    
reciprocal advantage ( ea*4 ,& z ! globe
 is l>ge1 :y    ne$ we wrangle = a small

 spot ( x8 ,if "o c\ntry _c    conta9 u1
 ano!r %\ld op5 its arms to u4 ,b ^!    
halcyon days 7if !y ev] did exi/7 are n[
 no m4 ,a wise    ,provid5ce1 ,i        
presume1 has decre$ x o!rwise1 & we %all
    be oblig$ to g on 9 ! old way1      
disput+ & n[ & !n    fight+1 until !    
great globe itself dissolves4      ,i   
r>ely g f home1 b my fri5ds 9 & out (   
,congress    sometimes in=m me ( :at is 
on ! c>pet4 ,to h& x to y    aft]w>d    
w\ld be circuit\s & idle1 z ,i am       
p]suad$ y    h correspond5ts at ,new    
,york1 :o give !m to y at fir/    h&1 & 
c relate !m ) m cle>ness & precision4   
#aec    ,i give ! *ief ( my "t to rural 
amusem5ts2 b ,i h    lately be5 active 9
 in/itut+ a plan :i*1 if success        
att5ds x1 & ( :i* ,i h no d\bt1 may be  
productive (    great political z well z
 comm]cial advantages to ! ,/ates    on 
! ,atlantic1 especially ! ,middle ones4 
,x is !    improv+ & ext5d+ ! l&        
navigations ( ! riv]s    ,potomack &    
,james1 & communicat+ !m ) ! we/]n      

wat]s by ! %orte/ & easie/ portages &   
good roads4    ,acts h pass$ !          
assemblies ( ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&          
au?oriz+ private adv5tur]s to und]take !
 "w4    ,companies1 9 consequ5ce1 are   
incorporat$1 & t on ?is    riv] is      
begun4 ,b :5 we come to ! difficult p>ts
 ( x1    we %all require an eng9e] (    
skill & practical k    9 ?is bran* (    
bus9ess1 & f t c\ntry :]e ^!    k9ds (  
improvem5ts h be5 conduct$ ) ! greate/  
success4 ,) v1 etc41                    
,g4 ,wa%+ton4                     ,,xi4 
,m\nt ,v]non1 ,augu/ #ah1 #aghf4        
,my ,de> ,m>quis3 ,i _c omit to seize ! 
e>lie/ occasion    to ackn[l$ge !       
receipt ( ! v affectionate lett] y      
did me ! honor ( writ+ to me on ! #bb;d 
( ,may1 z well z    to ?ank y = ! pres5t
 ( y\r ,travels 9 ,am]ica1    & !       
translation ( ,colonel ,humphreys's     
poem1 all :i* came    safely to h& by ! 
same conveyance4      ,kn[+ z ,i did !  
c&or1 lib]ality1 & philan?ropy (    !   
,m>quis de ,*a/ellux1 ,i 0 prep>$ to    

disbelieve any    imputations t might   
militate aga9/ ^? amiable    qualities1 
= *>act]s & habits are n easily tak5 up 
or    sudd5ly laid aside4 ,nor does t   
mild species ( philosophy    :i* aims at
 promot+ human happ9ess ev] belie itself
 by    deviat+ f ! g5]\s & godlike      
pursuit4 ,hav+1    not)/&+1 und]/ood t  
"s misrepres5tations ( !    "w 9 "q _h  
be5 circulat$1 ,i 0 happy to le>n t    y
 _h tak5 ! mo/ effectual me?od to put a 
/op to _!    circulation by publi%+ a m 
ample & correct edition4    ,colonel    
,humphreys 7:o sp5t "s weeks at ,m\nt   
,v]non7    confirm$ me 9 ! s5tim5t by   
giv+ a mo/ flatt]+    acc\nt ( ! :ole   
p]=mance4 ,he has also put into my h&s  
! translation ( t "p 9 :i* y say su* & s
 _m    h&some ?+s1 t 7al?\gh no sceptic 
on ord9>y    occasions7 ,i may1 p]haps1 
be all[$ to d\bt :e!r y\r    fri5d%ip & 
p>tiality h n1 9 ?is "o in/ance1        
acquir$ an asc5d5cy ov] y\r cool]       
judgm5t4      ,hav+ be5 ?us unw>ily1 &  
,i may be p]mitt$ to add1    almo/      

unavoidably betray$ into a k9d (        
necessity to speak    ( myself1 & n wi%+
 to resume t subject1 ,i *oose to       
close x = ev] by obs]v+1 t z1 on ! "o   
h&1 ,i    consid] x an indubitable m>k (
 meanspirit$ness & pitiful    vanity to 
c\rt applause f ! p5 or tongue ( man1 s 
on    ! o!r1 ,i believe x to be a pro( (
 false mode/y or an    unwor?y          
affectation ( humility to appe> altoge!r
    ins5sible to ! comm5dations ( !     
virtu\s & enlight5$    "p ( our species4
 ,p]haps no?+ c excite m p]fect         
h>mony 9 ! s\l ?an to h ?is /r+ vibrate 
9 unison    ) ! int]nal consci\sness (  
rectitude 9 our int5tions    & an humble
 hope ( approbation f ! supreme ,dispos]
 (    all ?+s4    #aed      ,i h        
communicat$ to ,colonel ,humphreys t    
p>agraph 9 y\r    lett] :i* ann\nces ! v
 favorable reception 8 poem    has met )
 9 ,france4 ,^u ! pr9ciples indiff]5t to
 !    applause ( s enlight5$ a nation1  
nor to ! suffrage ( !    k+ & que51 :o h
 pleas$ to honor x ) _! royal           

approbation4      ,we h no news ?is side
 ! ,atlantic wor? ! pa9s (    s5d+      
across x4 ,! c\ntry is recov]+ rapidly f
 !    ravages ( w>4 ,! se$s ( population
 are scatt]$ f> 9    ! wild]ness2       
agriculture is prosecut$ ) indu/ry4 ,!  
works ( peace1 su* z op5+ riv]s1 build+ 
bridges1 are    c>ri$ on ) _s4 ,trade is
 n s successful z we c\ld    wi%4 ,our  
,/ate gov]nm5ts are well adm9i/]$4 ,"s  
objects    9 our f$]al sy/em might      
probably be alt]$ = bett]4 ,i    rely   
mu* on ! good s5se ( my c\ntrym51 & tru/
 t a    sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce w disappo9t
 ! hopes ( our    enemies4 ,) s5tim5ts1 
etc41                     ,g4 ,wa%+ton4 
,,xiii4        ,m\nt ,v]non1 ,april #be1
 #aghh4      ,my ,de> ,m>quis3 ,9 read+ 
y\r v fri5dly & acceptable    lett] ( ! 
#ba/ ( ,decemb]1 #aghg1 :i* came to h&  
by !    la/ mail1 ,i 01 z y may well    
suppose1 n less delight$    ?an surpris$
 to come across t pla9 ,am]ican ^w1 my  
wife6 ,a wife6 ,well1 my de> ,m>quis1 ,i
 c h>dly refra9 f    smil+ to f9d y are 

caught at la/4 ,i saw1 by ! eulogium    
y (t5 made on ! happ9ess ( dome/ic life 
9 ,am]ica1    t y _h swall[$ ! bait1 & t
 y w\ld z surely    be tak5 7"o day or  
ano!r7 z y 7 a philosoph] & a    soldi]4
 ,s y\r day has at l5g? come4 ,i am glad
 ( x )    all my he>t & s\l4 ,x is q    
good en\gh = y4 ,n[ y    are well s]v$ =
 com+ to fight 9 favor ( ! ,am]ican     
rebels1 all ! way across ! ,atlantic    
ocean1 by cat*+ t    t]rible contagion1 
dome/ic felicity1 :i*1 l !    small-pox 
or ! plague1 a man c h only once 9 8    
life1    because x commonly la/s him 7at
 lea/ ) u 9 ,am]ica--,i    don't "k h[ y
 manage ^! matt]s 9 ,france7 = 8    :ole
 lifetime4 ,& yet1 aft] all !           
mal$ictions y s    ri*ly m]it on !      
subject1 ! wor/ wi% :i* ,i c f9d x    9 
my he>t to make aga9/ ,madame de        
,*a/ellux & y\rself    is1 t y may nei!r
 ( y ev] get ! bett] ( ?is    same      
dome/ic felicity dur+ ! entire c\rse (  
y\r mortal    exi/5ce4      ,if s       
wond]ful an ev5t %\ld h occasion$ me1 my

 de>    ,m>quis1 to h writt5 9 a /range 
/yle1 y w    und]/& me z cle>ly z if ,i 
_h said1 7! simple tru? 9    pla9       
,engli%17 ,d me ! ju/ice to believe t ,i
 take a    he>t-felt int]e/ 9 :atsoev]  
conc]ns y\r happ9ess4 ,&    9 ?is view  
,i s9c]ely congratulate y on y\r        
auspici\s    matrimonial connection4 ,i 
am happy to f9d t ,madame de            
,*a/ellux is s intimately connect$ ) !  
,du*ess (    ,orleans1 z ,i h always    
und]/ood ?is noble lady 0 an            
illu/ri\s patt]n ( connubial love1 z    
well z an excell5t    model ( virtue 9  
g5]al4      ,:ile y h be5 mak+ love "u !
 bann] ( ,hym51 !    great p]sonages ( !
 ,nor? h be5 mak+ w> "u !               
inspiration1 or r ! infatuation1 ( ,m>s4
  #aee    ,n[1 = my "p1 ,i humbly       
conceive y h _h mu* ! be/    & wise/ ( !
 b>ga94 ,= c]ta9ly x is m consonant     
to all ! pr9ciples ( reason & religion  
7natural &    reveal$7 to repl5i% ! e>? 
) inhabitants1 r ?an    to depopulate x 
by kill+ ^? already 9 exi/5ce4          

,besides1 x is "t = ! age (             
knight-errantry & mad    h]oism to be at
 an end4 ,y\r "y milit>y m51 :o want to 
reap ! h>ve/ ( laurels1 don't c>e 7,i   
suppose7 h[ _m    se$s ( w> are s[n4 ,b 
= ! sake ( humanity x is    dev\tly to  
be wi%$ t ! manly employm5t (           
agriculture1    & ! humaniz+ b5efits (  
comm]ce1 w\ld sup]s$e !    wa/e ( w> & !
 rage ( conque/4 ,t ! swords might be   
turn$ into pl\gh%>es1 ! spe>s into      
prun+-hooks1 &1    z ! ,scripture       
expresses x1 ! nations le>n w> no m4    
,i w n[ give y a little news f ?is side 
( ! wat]1    & !n f9i%4 ,z = u1 we are  
plodd+ on 9 ! dull road    ( peace &    
politics4 ,we1 :o live at ^! ends ( !   
e>?1    only he> ( ! rumors ( w>1 l !   
ro> ( di/ant    ?und]4 ,x is to be hop$ 
our remote local situation w    prev5t u
 f be+ swept into its vortex4      ,!   
con/itution :i* 0 propos$ by ! f$]al    
conv5tion    has be5 adopt$ by ! ,/ates 
( ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1          
,j]sey1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 &       

,georgia4 ,no ,/ate has    reject$ x4 ,!
 conv5tion ( ,m>yl& is n[ sitt+ & w     
probably adopt x2 z t ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a is 
expect$ to d    9 ,may4 ,! o!r          
conv5tions w assemble e>ly 9 !    summ]4
 ,hi!rto !re has be5 mu* great]         
unanimity 9 favor    ( ! propos$        
gov]nm5t ?an c\ld h be5 reasonably      
expect$4 ,%\ld x be adopt$1 7& ,i ?9k x 
w be17    ,am]ica w lift up h] head     
aga91 & 9 a few ye>s become             
respectable among ! nations4 ,x is a    
flatt]+ & consol+    reflection t our   
ris+ republic has ! good wi%es ( all    
! philosoph]s1 patriots1 & virtu\s m5 9 
all nations1    & t !y look ^u x z a k9d
 ( asylum = mank9d4 ,god    grant t we  
may n disappo9t _! hone/ expectations by
    our folly or p]v]s5ess6 ,) s5tim5ts1
 etc41                      ,g4         
,wa%+ton4      ,p4,s4--,if ! ,duke de   
,lauzun is /ill ) y1 ,i beg y w    ?ank 
him1 9 my "n1 = 8 k9d remembrance ( me1 
& make    my complim5ts to him4         
,may #a/4--,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ,i h be5

 favor$    ) a duplicate ( y\r lett] 9 !
 h&writ+ ( a lady1    & _c close ?is )\t
 ackn[l$g+ my obligations =    ! flatt]+
 po/script ( ! fair transcrib]4 ,9      
effect1    my de> ,m>quis1 ! *>act]s (  
?is int]pret] ( y\r    s5tim5ts are s   
mu* fair] ?an ^? ?r\gh :i* ,i h    be5  
accu/om$ to deciph] !m1 t ,i already    
consid]    myself z no small ga9] by y\r
 matrimonial connection4    ,especially 
z ,i hope y\r amiable amanu5sis w n =get
 at    ! same "t to add a few           
annotations ( h] own to y\r    orig9al  
text4      ,i h j receiv$ in=mation t ! 
conv5tion (    ,m>yl& has ratifi$ !     
propos$ con/itution by a majority    (  
#fc to #aa4    --------    #aef         
,aime's ,sacrifice4             ,a      
,tale4             ,*apt] ,i4      ,!   
sun 0 s9k+ 9 ! horizon1 & ! sky 0       
ov]spread  ) a glori\s array ( _m-color$
 cl\ds--^? hues :i*  arti/s s va9ly try 
to reproduce on canvas1 & :i* x is  /ill
 m impossible to describe 9 words4 ,x 0 
a s(t1 balmy  summ] ev5+1 ! #ad? (      

,augu/1 & nature seem$ z if ready  to   
jo9 ) fai?ful he>ts 9 keep+ ! com+ fea/ 
& to  give !m a fa9t %ad[ ( ! glories ( 
heav54 ,v fair 0  ! l&scape :i* lay     
outspread be=e ! spectator's eye f  !   
*ur*y>d ( ! little village ( ,/4        
,victor1 rais$ z x  0 on a slight em95ce
 above ! re/ ( ! village4  ,bee*-woods1 
s(tly undulat+ hills1 f]tile dales1     
cottages  scatt]$ "h & !re1 & ! sea %9+ 
l silv] 9 !  f> di/ance1 =m$ !          
delightful prospect2 & ! old cur1  z he 
trav]s$ ! *ur*y>d :i* alone sep>at$ !   
mode/  presbyt]y f ! *ur*1 c\ld nev]    
prev5t himself f  paus+ to admire !     
wond]ful beauty ( ! sc5e4 ,on ?is  ev5+ 
p>ticul>ly1 he /ood look+ up into !     
gorge\s sky  ) ! e>ne/1 wi/ful gaze ( "o
 :o w\ld fa9 pi]ce  ?r\gh ea* tissu$    
fold ( t m>vell\s curta9 ( blue  & gold4
    ,! little *ur* ( ,/4 ,victor did n  
boa/ mu* ar*itectural  beauty1 & !      
*ur*y>d 0 fill$ ) simple gre5 m\nds  &  
wood5 crosses1 ) "h & !re a few %rubs & 
wild  fl[]s1 %[+ t x 0 ! re/+-place = ! 

poor &  ! l[ly4 ,! village itself 0 v   
small1 b !re 7 _m  outly+ hamlets1 s t  
on ,sundays a goodly congregation fill$ 
! *ur*4 ,:ile ! cur 0 /ill /&+ absorb$ 9
  ?\ght1 a side-door ( ! *ur* g5tly     
op5$1 & a "y  girl1 ab\t eighte51 v     
simply-dress$1 b ) a grace 9  h]        
appe>ance & movem5ts :i* %[$ h] to be   
above !  peasant rank1 came out4 ,! face
 :i* %e rais$ z %e  approa*$ ! cur 0    
radiant ) beauty & ) innoc5ce2  ! l9es (
 c>e _h n yet m>k$ _! furr[s on ! smoo? 
br[ or *eeks2 b !re 0 a %ade1 z if ca/  
by com+  sorr[1 ov] ! c\nt5ance1 & on ! 
long1 d>k eyela%es  te>s 7 /ill trembl+4
    ,well1 my *ild1 said ! cur1 are y\r 
labors ov]8    ,yes1 fa!r1 %e repli$2 ,i
 h f9i%$ ev]y?+1 & ,i d  ?9k ,our       
,lady's alt> looks beautiful4 ,! f]ns   
make su* a  good backgr\nd & %[ all !   
fl[]s to advantage4 ,oh6 ,i  ?9k x w    
look lovely at b5$iction to-morr[1 & we 
w  take su* pa9s ) ! music6 ,o fa!r6 %e 
cont9u$1 if  mamma c\ld b come & see x &
 he> ,mass6 ,i did s hope %e  w\ld be   

well en\gh4 ,i h pray$ s (t5 = x4 ,& h] 
eyes fill$ ) te>s4    ,ah6 ,aime1 said !
 cur1 sometimes our pray]s are v bl9d   
ones1 &1 l ! apo/les ( old1 we "k n :at 
we ask4 ,i  h j be5 to see y\r "m--     
#aeg    ,& h[ did y f9d h]8 :at d y ?9k 
( h]1 fa!r8  said ,aime eag]ly4 ,i d ?9k
 %e is a little  bett]--j a trifle1 y   
"k6    ,! prie/ made no answ] = a mom5t1
 !n he said3 ,aime1 ,i  d n ?9k %e is   
bett]1 & %e has ask$ me to speak to y4  
,%e w\ld n h sorr[ come on y too        
sudd5ly4 ,my *ild1 my  poor *ild1 y\r "m
 is go+ fa/ :]e %e w no long]  ne$ an   
e>?ly alt>1 & :]e %e may ga!r fl[]s 9 ! 
g>d5s ( et]nal bliss4 ,y h lov$ h] well1
 my poor ,aime2  w y n give h] up to ,8 
keep+ :o ha? lov$ h] be/  ( all8        
,aime _h clasp$ h] h&s tightly toge!r1 &
 ! color _h  fad$ f h] *eek4 ,%e rais$  
h] eyes to ! sky above1 /ill  radiant ) 
its glori\s hues4 ,)9 ^? masses ( gold5 
cl\ds %e fanci$ %e c\ld see ! pa?way :i*
 %\ld lead to  ! p>adise ( ,god4 ,%e    
turn$ h] eyes to e>? aga91 &1  b[+ h]   

head1 %e said1 ,fiat voluntas tua4      
,fa!r1  %e cont9u$1 ,i h all b kn[n ?is 
= weeks pa/4 ,i h  se5 x 9 ! doctor's   
face1 9 y\rs1 b ,i /rove to hide x  f   
myself4    ,i h hesitat$ to speak soon]1
 said ! prie/1 b ?is  day a lett] has   
come f y\r uncle 9 ,engl& = y\r "m1     
enclos$ to me4 ,i took x to h]2 & its   
cont5ts are su* t  x made u feel ! "t   
has come :5 y mu/ face ! tru?  ) h] &   
li/5 to h] c\nsels = ! future4    ,aime 
clos$ h] eyes 9 sudd5 angui%1 :ile a %>p
 pa9 %ot  ?r\gh h] he>t4 ,! future1     
fa!r1 %e said--! future  )\t h]8        
,c\rage1 de> *ild1 answ]$ he4 ,life is n
 long4 ,:5 we  look back on ! ye>s1 !y  
seem b z a day4 ,ev5 = !  "y1 :o kn[s   
:at its l5g? maybe8 ,& ,aime knew f !   
tone ( 8 voice t he 0 ?9k+ ( ! fair "y  
si/]s1  ( ! m]ry bro!rs1 "o week laugh+ 
gayly 9 ! old ,*ateau  de ,cl>eau &     
plann+ _! future2 ! next1 /&+ on !      
scaffold1 already wet ) ! blood ( _!    
fa!r & "m4  ,?is sc5e he _h witness$ z a
 "y man1 escap+ by miracle  f a simil>  

fate4 ,& x is n to be wond]$ t f  h5ce=?
 life _h seem$ to him b a tr\bl$ &      
rapidly  pass+ dream4    ,i mu/ g to !  
*ur*1 n[1 said ! cur1 aft] a mom5t's    
pause4 ,aime foll[$ him1 &1 ent]+ 91    
sank on h] knees at  ! foot ( ,our      
,lady's alt>1 s rec5tly deck$ by h] own 
nimble f+]s4 ,! *ur* 0 sil5t1 & ! la/   
rays ( !  sett+ sun came ?r\gh ! we/    
w9d[1 made l9es ( gold5  light ^u !     
pavem5t1 & ca/ a halo ar\nd ! head ( !  
"y girl :o knelt !re absorb$ 9 pray]4   
,nev] _h ,aime  pray$ be=e z %e pray$   
n[4 ,x is n till sorr[ is fairly  ^u u1 
till we realize t our individual battle 
is begun1  t ! bitt]ness :i* only our   
own he>t kn[s is really at  our lips--t 
we pray ) int5sity4 ,aime p\r$ out h]   
:ole he>t1 & (f]$ h]self to d ! w ( ,god
 9 all  ?+s4 ,%e ask$ t 8 w might be    
done 9 h] & by h]2  %e r5\nc$ ! happ9ess
 ( life1 if x 7 necess>y = its          
accompli%m5t4    ,9 aft] ye>s1 ,aime    
look$ back ^u t pray]1 & felt t  h] (f]+
 on ! ?re%old ( h] life _h inde$ be5    

accept$4    ,! sunset _h fad$2 at la/   
twilight _h settl$ on ! e>?1  :5 ,aime  
left ! *ur* & ha/5$ home4    #aeh       
,*apt] ,,ii4    ,be=e we foll[ h]       
foot/eps1 we mu/ pause = a few in/ants  
to tell ! pa/ hi/ory ( ,aime's "m4 ,m>ie
 ,angelique de  ,brissac 01 l ! cur1 !  
sole survivor ( a num]\s  family1 :o all
 p]i%$ 9 ! ,revolution4 ,%e1 !n a m]e   
*ild1 escap$ 9 ! arms ( h] fo/]-"m1 :o  
convey$ h]  to ,engl&1 & devot$ h] :ole 
life to br++ up ! little  girl & procur+
 = h] a good education4 ,:5 ,m>ie 0 ab\t
  sev5te51 %e insi/$ on %>+ h] old      
nurse's burd5s1 &  procur$ daily pupils4
 ,%e taught ! *ildr5 ( a surgeon 9  !   
small c\ntry t[n :]e ! old ,fr5* woman  
_h tak5 up  h] abode4 ,& x s happ5$ t   
,capta9 ,george ,morton1 ( h]  maje/y's 
----? cavalry1 0 ?r[n f 8 horse & broke 
8  leg at ! v door ( ,mr4 ,grant's h\se4
 ,8 recov]y 0  t$i\s1 & he *af$ exce$+ly
 at ! conf9em5t1 & became  at la/ s     
irritable & peevi% t poor ,mrs4 ,grant1 
unable to  please him1 delegat$ ! task  

to h] "y ,fr5* gov]ness4 ,!  result may 
be easily =ese54 ,george ,morton lov$   
,m>ie  passionately1 & 0 belov$ 9       
return4 ,!y 7 spe$ily  m>ri$2 & z       
,george ,morton knew x w\ld be useless  
to ask 8  fa!r's cons5t1 he did )\t x1 &
 !n wrote to ann\nce  8 m>riage to ! old
 man1 & ask leave to br+ 8 bride to  !  
pat]nal mansion 9 ,russell ,squ>e1      
,london4 ,! spoilt &  favorite son ( a  
ri* m]*ant1 indulg$ 9 e :im he c\ld     
recollect1 ,george 0 little prep>$ = !  
/orm ( ang] t  bur/ ^u him = ! /ep he _h
 tak54 ,mr4 ,morton _h lo/ 8  wife _m   
ye>s be=e1 & devot$ himself--he>t & s\l1
  body & m9d--to ! acquisition ( weal?1 
9 :i* pursuit he  0 w>mly aid$ by 8     
elde/ son1 ,ralph4 ,b ! :ole he>ts  ( ! 
two sil5t1 cold1 app>5tly sordid-m9d$ m5
 7 set on  ,george1 ! h&some1 c>eless1  
lib]al1 m]ry y\ng] son4  ,george 0 to   
make a great mat*1 to sit 9 p>liam5t1 & 
9  "t atta9 a pe]age2 & z1 accord+ to   
rumor1 ,lady ,adelaide  ,oswald 0 only  
too will+ to enable him to take ! fir/  

/ep  9 ! programme1 ! news ( ,george's  
m>riage to a p5niless  ,fr5* gov]ness 0 
m ?an ! conc5trat$ pride ( ! two        
natures c\ld be>4 ,george 0 =bidd5 ev]  
to communicate )  8 family aga91 & 8    
h&some all[ance 0 cut (f4 ,george       
laugh$ he>tily1 told 8 wife ! cl\d w\ld 
soon pass1  ?ank$ ,heav5 he 0 n 9 debt1 
& decl>$ x w\ld be an  agreeable novelty
 to h to live on 8 pay & ! int]e/ (  !  
few ?\s&s he _h inh]it$ f 8 "m4 ,9 less 
?an  two ye>s aft] 8 m>riage he 0 aga9  
?r[n f 8 horse1  & met ?is "t ) su*     
mortal injuries t he nev] spoke  aga91 &
 expir$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,8 fell[-(fic]s   
did all  !y c\ld = ! "y1 brok5-he>t$    
wid[ & 8 infant  daught]4 ,! comm&+     
(fic] wrote to ,mr4 ,morton to implore  
help1 b ! appeal 0 9 va94 ,x 0 !n ?\ght 
bett] to  pur*ase a small annuity =     
,mrs4 ,morton ) ! little funds  ,george 
_h di$ possess$ (2 & z %e _h he>d t "o (
  ! e>ly fri5ds ( h] family _h be5      
appo9t$ cur to !  little village ( ,/4  
,victor1 %e det]m9$ ^u go+ !re1 at  lea/

 = a "t4 ,!re h] old nurse1 :o foll[$ h]
  ev]y:]e1 di$1 & !re %e cont9u$ to live
 & educate h]  *ild4 ,"t _h s(t5$ h]    
great sorr[s1 & h] exi/5ce _h  be5 = _m 
ye>s a happy & tranquil "o4  #aei  ,h]  
*ild grew up 9 beauty & grace1 &        
possess+ e  disposition ( he>t & m9d a  
"m c\ld desire4 ,if %e _h a  fe>1 x 0 t 
h] nature 0 too g5tle1 too pliant1 too  
ready to =get h]self = o!rs1 to enable  
h] to battle alone  ) a h>d & cruel _w4 
,aime ,morton 0 "o ( ^? be+s  :om nature
 seems to int5d %\ld be always safely   
%elt]$  f ! /ruggles ( life4 ,!y %\ld   
lean on "s nature  /rong] ?an _! own1 l 
! t5drils :i* w9d !mselves  r\nd a tree4
 ,b :5 ,mrs4 ,morton spoke ( ?is fe> (  
h]s to  ! cur1 he only smil$1 & bade h] 
rememb] t x is !  meek :o inh]it ! e>?4 
,:51 h[ev]1 ,mrs4 ,morton p]ceiv$  t    
consumption 0 mak+ rapid /rides 9 h]    
con/itution1 a  pang ( mortal agony %ot 
?r\gh h] :5 %e ?\ght ( :at  0 to be     
,aime's fate1 left alone 9 a pitiless   
_w4 ,! cur  0 an old man1 & %e c\ld n1  

!re=e1 hope t he c\ld  long wat* ov] &  
protect h] d>l+ *ild4 ,besides1 ,mrs4   
,morton's annuity ceas$ ) h] life1 & !re
 7 no means at  ,/4 ,victor = ,aime to  
e>n h] bread4 ,%e 0 well educat$2  h] "m
 _h tak5 great pa9s 9 tea*+ h]1 & ! cur 
_h made x 8 delight to increase h] /ock 
( k4  ,george ,morton's fa!r _h long    
s9ce be5 dead1 & ,ralph _h  succe$$ to !
 full enjoym5t ( ! old man's weal?4 ,no 
sign  ( rel5t+ _h come f t dea?-b$ to ! 
un(f5d+  wid[ & orphan ( 8 once lov$    
son4 ,& n[1 embold5$ by  ! approa* (    
dea?1 :i* s levels ! di/9ction ( e>?  9 
! eyes ( ^? j hov]+ on et]nity1 ,mrs4   
,morton wrote  to ,ralph1 tell+ him %e 0
 on ! br9k ( ! grave1 &  implor+ 8 help 
= ! *ild %e w\ld leave beh9d h]4 ,%e    
enclos$ h] lett] 9 "o f ! cur & doctor  
confirm+  h] /atem5t4    ,& aft] _m     
days' susp5se ! answ] _h come4    ,aime 
& h] "m liv$ 9 a little cottage close by
 !  presbyt]y4 ,x _h orig9ally be5 b a  
peasant's cottage1 &  x did1 9 fact1    
conta9 b f\r small rooms2 b ,mrs4       

,morton  _h gradually trans=m$ x into a 
mo/ graceful little home4  ,creep]s tw9$
 r\nd ! :ite walls1 & roses peep$ 9 at !
  w9d[4 ,a pretty g>d5 surr\nd$ ! h\se2 
:ile inside1 !  furniture1 ?\gh simple1 
0 gracefully arrang$2 fl[]s1  books1 &  
pictures adorn$ ! little sitt+-room1 &  
an air  ( ref9em5t p]vad$ ! dwell+4 ,9 t
 sitt+-room1  recl9+ 9 an easy-*air1    
propp$ up ) pill[s1 lay ,mrs4  ,morton4 
,a /rang] w\ld h be5 a/oni%$ to f9d t   
,aime  c\ld possibly h be5 9 ignorance z
 to h] "m's /ate2  b ! *ange _h come s  
gradually t x 0 n to be  wond]$ at t !  
poor *ild _h fondly hop$ on ev5 to !    
la/4 ,b to o!r eyes ! emaciat$ =m1 !    
sunk5 eyes1 !  hectic gl[1 ! %ort1 dry  
c\gh1 told _! own tale4 ,aime  ha/5$ to 
h] "m1 & 0 clasp$ 9 h] arms 9 a long1   
close embrace4    ,y "k all1 my d>l+8   
said %e4    ,yes1 sweet "m1 ! cur has   
spok54 ,& ,aime resolutely  /eadi$ h]   
voice & drove back ! ris+ te>s4 ,be at  
peace  ab\t me1 "m de>4 ,god has giv5 y 
to me = a long "t3 ,i  mu/ n grudge y to

 him1 if he wants y n[4    #afj    ,my  
own *ild6 said ,mrs4 ,morton4 ,& %e     
fondly kiss$ !  bright1 s(t br[n hair ( 
! head ly+ on h] %\ld]4 ,god  gu>d !e   
ev]1 & he w gu>d !e4 ,he is ! ,fa!r  ( !
 orphan4 ,aime1 ,i w tru/ him ab\t y4   
,& may be x won't be v long1 y "k1 "m1  
said ,aime4  ,y are go+ home be=e me3 y 
w be wait+ = me on !  o!r side4    ,a   
long1 sil5t kiss 0 ,mrs4 ,morton's      
answ]4    ,& ?is lett]1 "m--may ,i see  
x8    ,yes1 de>e/1 "h x is4 ,& a lett] 9
 a ?ick1 blue  envelope1 ) a l>ge1 r$1  
(ficial-look+ seal1 0 put into  h] h&s4 
,its cont5ts 7 brief1 & might h be5     
suppos$  r to ref] to an assignm5t (    
goods ?an ! future fate (  an orphan    
niece4    ,mr4 ,ralph ,morton /at$ t1 9 
! ev5t ( ,mrs4 ,george  ,morton's dea?1 
he 0 will+ to adopt h] daught] ,aime1 to
  provide = h] dur+ 8 life1 & to leave  
h] a suffici5cy  at 8 dea?1 provid$ h]  
conduct 0 su* z he %\ld approve  (2 t   
be=e h] arrival 9 ,engl& he %\ld require
 copies  ( 8 bro!r's m>riage c]tificate 

& ! *ild's baptismal  regi/]2 t he %\ld 
be will+ to pay all exp5ses ( h]  j\rney
 to ,engl& s soon z he %\ld receive     
intimation ( h]  read9ess = dep>ture2 b 
t he wi%$ x to be di/9ctly  und]/ood t  
he w\ld h no?+ to d ) 8 niece dur+      
,mrs4 ,morton's lifetime1 nor w\ld he   
pay any debts contract$ by  t lady1 or  
hold any fur!r communication ) h]4 ,!   
blood  ru%$ to ,aime's *eek & br[ z %e  
read ! la/ s5t5ces4  ,ev5 on ! ?re%old (
 ! grave1 c\ld n t la/ insult  h be5    
sp>$8 ?\ght %e4 ,%e gave a glance at h] 
"m's  peaceful face1 & realiz$ t x is   
precisely on t  ?re%old t insult loses  
its /+4 ,mr4 ,morton's taunt _h no  p[] 
to move ! he>t s soon to be done ) e>?4 
,f ?is day ! "m & daught] (t5 spoke     
toge!r ( !  "t :5 !y %\ld be sep>at$1 & 
,aime receiv$ _m a  wise c\nsel f h]    
"m's lips1 to be treasur$ up = days  to 
come4 ,mrs4 ,morton told h] all %e knew 
( ! "* (  ! uncle :o w\ld soon be h]    
only relative4 ,v e>ly 9 life  he _h be5
 disappo9t$ 9 8 affections & treat$ )   

great  trea*]y4 ,f t h\r he grew h>d1   
morose1 & unfeel+1  & ?rew himself ) all
 ! /r5g? ( 8 iron nature into  !        
acquisition ( weal?4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 8    
/rong affection  = 8 bro!r ,george _h   
surviv$ ! wreck ( 8 bett]  nature1 &    
,george _h always firmly believ$ t      
,ralph's ang]  w\ld 9 ! ev5t ( 8 dea? be
 end$1 & t he w\ld  ext5d protection to 
8 wife & *ild4    ,& !re=e1 my *ild1    
said ,mrs4 ,morton1 ,i felt compell$ to 
write once m to y\r uncle1 believ+ t 9  
do+ s ,i 0  fulfill+ :at w\ld h be5 my  
husb&'s w2 & x w  com=t y to feel1 :5 y 
are ) him1 t y are do+  :at y\r fa!r    
w\ld h wi%$4 ,mr4 ,morton 01 ,mrs4      
,morton  believ$1 a man totally )\t     
religion4 ,%e c\nsell$ ,aime to  be> !  
trials ( h] lot pati5tly1 to d all %e   
c\ld to  conciliate h] uncle1 & to draw 
him to a bett] life2 b1 if  %e f\nd h]  
life 9 8 h\se 0 m ?an h] /r5g? c\ld     
be>1 or if any pr9ciple 7 9 dang]1 %e 0 
to try & seek  employm5t z a gov]ness4  
,! cur 0 go+ to furni% h] )  a lett] (  

introduction to a ,fr5* prie/ 9 ,london1
 :o w\ld  9 t case advise h] h[ to act4 
#afa    ,& s ! days w5t on4 ,septemb]1  
:i* happ5$ to be t  ye> a w>m1 radiant  
summ] mon?1 flew by )\t any  p]ceptible 
*ange 9 ! invalid2 b e>ly 9 ,octob] came
 cold  nor? w9ds1 ra91 & mi/s4 ,mrs4    
,morton 0 tak5 sudd5ly  worse1 & ! la/  
sacram5ts 7 adm9i/]$4 ,aft] receiv+  !m1
 %e ralli$ & 0 able to be lift$ f h] b$ 
to a  s(a plac$ ne> ! w9d[4 ,aime h>dly 
left h] = an  in/ant2 %e grudg$ t any "o
 else b h]self %\ld r5d]  any s]vice to 
! be+ s soon to leave h]4 ,"o night     
,mrs4  ,morton awoke f an uneasy sleep2 
! day 0 beg9n+ to  break1 &1 z ! feel+ (
 suffocation :i* %e (t5  exp]i5c$ 9 b$  
came on1 ,aime assi/$ h] to ! s(a1 &  !n
 kneel+ by h] side1 !y bo? wat*$ ! sun  
arise 9 8  glory1 j purpl+ ! day above1 
!n mak+ ! heav5s  glori\s ) 8 pres5ce4  
,mrs4 ,morton op5$ h] eyes & took  "o   
long gaze on ! e>? :i* look$ s fair1 &  
on !  beautiful sky4 ,!n %e turn$ to h] 
daught]1 & %e laid h]  head on t lov+   

brea/4    ,i am go+ f y1 my ,aime1 %e   
said2 b rememb] always1  ,i am n gone to
 a ,/rang]4    ,aime press$ h] lips     
s(tly1 & ,mrs4 ,morton seem$ to sleep4  
,9 t attitude ! old s]vant ,m>! f\nd !m 
:5 %e  ent]$ ! room an h\r lat]4 ,& !n  
only did ,aime wake to  ! consci\sness t
 h] "m _h slept into dea?1 & t  %e _h   
he>d h] la/ words4 ,^? words rang 9     
,aime's e>s z  %e p]=m$ ! la/ sacr$     
(fices to ! dead4 ,solemnly %e  fulfill$
 h] task2 !re 7 no te>s 9 ! l>ge1 s(t   
eyes  or on ! pale *eek2 %e compass$ ^? 
de> limbs 9 _!  %r\d2 %e cross$ ! wa/$  
h&s ^u ! brea/1 & laid  ! crucifix1 s   
lov$ 9 life1 betwe5 ! f+]s2 !n1 :5  !   
cur ent]$ ! room1 %e turn$ to him &     
said3 ,fa!r1  %e is n gone to a ,/rang]4
 ,footnote #bd        ,footnote #bd3 ,^!
 words 7 us$ by an ,iri% girl on h]     
"m's dea?4    ,no1 he answ]$2 to h]     
,fri5d & ,bro!r1 & :o is also  y\rs &   
m9e1 my *ild4 ,leave1 !n1 ?is poor1     
e>?ly  tab]nacle1 ,aime1 = a :ile1 &    
come & meet h] at 8  feet4 ,& ,aime w5t 

) him to ,mass4             ,*apt]      
,,iii4    ,x 0 all ov]3 ! wa/$ =m (     
,m>ie ,angelique de ,brissac  ,morton 0 
laid 9 ! quiet grave1 :]e ! rays ( !    
ris+  sun w\ld play ^u ! grass2 :]e !   
%ad[ ( ! sanctu>y  wall w\ld %elt] x2   
:]e wild roses & sweet-bri] w\ld  sc5t !
 air2 :]e ! cur w\ld come daily to say a
 ,de  ,pr(undis2 & :i* ! fai?ful        
villag]s1 :o _h lov$  ! sleep] well1    
w\ld always rev]5tly t5d4 ,!re ,aime    
left  h]  !re %e %$ h] la/ te>s 9 ! e>ly
 morn+ be=e  %e began h] j\rney2 !re %e 
knelt at ! cur's feet = 8  la/ bless+1 &
 ! old man's voice falt]$ z he pron\nc$ 
! words4 ,mrs4 ,morton's dea? & ,aime's 
dep>ture _h robb$  8 life ( ! little    
sun%9e t x _h possess$2 b he  murmur$ n1
 & r rejoic$ t tie aft] tie 0 cut  :i*  
%\ld b9d him to ! love ( e>?4 ,) f> m   
calmness ?an c\ld h be5 expect$1 ,aime  
bade f>ewell to  ! only home & fri5ds %e
 _h ev] kn[n1 & set out to meet  h] new 
& untri$ future4  #afb  ,%e _h nev] be5 
fur!r ?an to ! c\ntry t[n ne>e/ h]      

village1 & ! j\rney a/oni%$ & bewild]$  
h]4 ,m ?an  "o compassionate & admir+   
glance 0 ca/ on ! slight1  lovely girl1 
attir$ 9 su* deep m\rn+1 & ^: eyes 7  s 
dim ) un%$ te>s4 ,a tru/y f>m] ( ,/4    
,victor1 saw h]  to ! sea-coa/1 & put h]
 into ! *>ge ( ! capta9 (  ! vessel 9   
:i* %e 0 to rea* ,engl&4 ,he 9 8 turn   
consign$ h] to ! gu>d ( ! tra94 ,at     
l5g?1 ,aime f\nd  h]self /&+ 9 ! great  
wild]ness ( a ,london railway  /ation1 )
 p jo/l+1 pu%+1 vocif]at+1 swe>+  ar\nd 
h]1 ea* int5t on 8 own bus9ess1 & all   
unm9dful (  o!rs4 ,a footman at la/ came
 up to ask h] "n1 &1 f9d+  %e 0 ,miss   
,morton1 told h] he 0 s5t = h]4 ,he %[$ 
h]  to a fly1 :i* 0 wait+1 & hav+ f\nd  
h] luggage1 %e  0 soon roll+ ?r\gh !    
/reets4 ,at ^? long1 dre>y1  int]m9able 
/reets ,aime look$ ) a k9d ( awe &      
oppression4 ,%e 0 ?ankful :5 ! c>riage  
/opp$ at !  door ( "o ( ! l>ge1         
gloomy-look+ mansions to be f\nd 9      
,russell ,squ>e4 ,ano!r footman op5$ !  
door1 & %e ent]$4  ,no voice welcom$ h]1

 no h& 0 /ret*$ out to meet h]s1 no     
smile greet$ h]4 ,a h\semaid appe>$ to  
lead h] up-/airs4  ,%e f\nd h]self 9    
possession ( a l>ge room1 furni%$ 9 !   
heavy /yle 9 fa%ion =ty ye>s ago4 ,a    
luxuri\s f\r-po/  mahogany b$/ead       
half-fill$ ! ap>tm5t1 hung ) d>k-br[n   
damask2 ! w9d[-curta9s 7 ( ! same hue4  
,!re 0 a  massive w>drobe1 *airs :i*    
c\ld h>dly be mov$1 & an  empty         
fireplace4 ,aime %udd]$1 b n ) cold2 &1 
:5  ! door clos$ beh9d ! s]vant1 %e ?rew
 h]self into a  *air & wept bitt]ly4    
,pres5tly %e rose1 weep+ /ill1 b  x 0 to
 ca/ h]self on h] knees & press h]      
crucifix to h]  lips4 ,%e soon grew     
calm2 ! s5se ( lonel9ess pass$ away4    
,%e _h a ,fri5d :o nev] left h]1 9 ^:   
company !  dre>ie/ room 0 bright2 &     
,aime rose com=t$ & at peace4  ,%e w5t  
to ! w9d[ & look$ out4 ,bel[ h] 0 a     
small  pav$ c\rt1 & beyond ! h\se a vi/a
 ( o!r h\ses &  lanes2 n a speck ( gre5 
or a fl[] met h] eye2 b %e  look$ high] 
/ill1 & %e saw ! sky1 v cl\dy at t      

mom5t c]ta9ly2 b !n1 ?\ght %e1 x w be   
(t5  blue1 & ,i c always look at x4 ,& s
 %e tri$ to enliv5  ! prospect4 ,a knock
 at ! door int]rupt$ h] mus+s1 &  !re   
ent]$ a *e]ful1 eld]ly woman1 :o        
c\rtesi$  respectfully1 & ann\nc$ %e 0  
,mrs4 ,connell1 !  h\sekeep]4 ,z h] eyes
 travell$ ov] ,aime's sad1 wan face &   
deep black1 an expression ( compassion &
 int]e/ came into  h] c\nt5ance4 ,d y   
want any?+1 miss8 %e ask$4 ,sure1  x 0  
only ?is morn+ t ,mr4 ,morton told me y 
7 com+1  & s ?+s are h>dly /raight = y4 
,w y take "s  tea1 ma'am8 ,d9n] won't be
 s]v$ = an h\r4    ,is my uncle at home8
    ,no1 miss1 & w n be = half an h\r2  
!n he goes to  dress1 & !n d9n] is s]v$4
 ,:y1 ,miss ,morton1 said !  good woman1
 bright5+ z %e saw ,aime's crucifix on !
 table1  y're a ,ca?olic6 ,to be sure1  
,i nev] ?\ght ( t1 ?\gh ,i  knew ,mr4   
,george _h m>ri$ a ,fr5* lady4    ,are y
 "o1 ,mrs4 ,connell8 said ,aime1 ) a    
smile4    #afc    ,to be sure1 miss4 ,i 
am an ,iri% woman1 z p]haps y may "k4   

,b z ,aime _h nev] he>d ,engli% save f  
h] "m & !  cur1 ,mrs4 ,connell's acc5t 0
 q lo/ ^u h]4 ,%e felt1  h[ev]1 %e _h   
f\nd a fri5d2 & %e gladly accept$ ,mrs4 
,connell's help 9 unpack+ & gett+ ready 
= ! =midable  int]view ) h] uncle4 ,!y  
met 9 ! draw+-room a few  mom5ts be=e   
d9n]4 ,mr4 ,morton put out two ( 8 f+]s 
)  an icy1 ,h[ are y8 aft] :i* he       
relaps$ into sil5ce4 ,:5  d9n] 0        
ann\nc$1 he gave h] 8 arm1 & !y w5t into
 !  d9+-room4 ,two footm5 & a butl]     
wait$4 ,! plate 0  magnific5t1 ! d9n] v 
f9e2 b n "o ^w 0 address$  to ! poor1   
lonely girl1 too t]rifi$ to eat4 ,once  
or twice %e  made a desp]ate ef=t to    
break ! ice ( h] own accord1 b  %e f\nd 
evid5tly t ?is 0 dislik$1 & %e gave x   
up4  ,& s day succe$$ day1 & !re 0 no   
alt]ation 9 h]  uncle's behavior4 ,he   
might h be5 deaf & dumb z f> z          
int]c\rse ) him 0 conc]n$4 ,8 ord]s ab\t
 h]--few1  brief1 & decisive--7 giv5 to 
,mrs4 ,c\ncil4 ,%e 0 to  furni% h]self )
 clo!s f c]ta9 %ops :i* he nam$1  & ^:  

bills 7 to be s5t to him4 ,z soon z     
possible1 %e  0 to leave (f h] heavy    
m\rn+4 ,%e 0 nev] to g out  alone2 & z =
 ex]cise1 ! ,squ>e ,g>d5s w\ld suffice4 
,&  hav+ deliv]$ himself ( ^! s5tim5ts1 
,mr4 ,morton  app>5tly consid]$ 8 duty  
to 8 orphan niece 0 done4 ,he  provid$  
h] ) nei!r employm5t nor amusem5t2 he   
gave h]  no pocket money2 & %e _h no?+ b
 a small sum :i*  rema9$ to h] :5 all ! 
exp5ses at ,/4 ,victor 7 paid4  ,! "y   
girl1 br\ght up1 z %e _h be51 9 ! op5   
c\ntry1  accu/om$ to sea & m\nta9 air1  
to "w 9 h] g>d51 &  take long1 rambl+   
walks to ! hamlets r\nd ! village1 felt 
l a cag$ bird pac+ up & d[n ! gravel    
pa?s ( ,russell  ,squ>e1 & wat*+ !      
,london blacks settle on ! leafless     
trees4 ,%e enjoy$ "o com=t1 t ( ! daily 
walk to ,mass  ) ,mrs4 ,connell2 & be ! 
wea!r :at x might1 ! two  figures ( !   
old woman & "y girl might be se5 flitt+ 
?r\gh ! dusk to ! ne>e/ ,ca?olic *ur*4  
,/ill x 0  almo/ impossible to avoid    
los+ bo? heal? & spirits 9 su*  an      

atmosph]e4 ,%e 0 v c\rage\s1 & %e       
/ruggl$  resolutely aga9/ depression &  
ennui1 a ^w ( :i*  %e = ! fir/ "t began 
to und]/& ! mean+4 ,%e wrote  long      
lett]s to ! cur1 & 8 answ]s1 conta9+ e  
scrap  ( village news1 7 eag]ly dev\r$1 
z well z "s beautiful  ?\ghts on high]  
!mes :i* he nev] fail$ to give h]4 ,%e  
pull$ d[n ! long disus$ books 9 h]      
uncle's libr>y1 &1  guid$ by a li/ ! cur
 _h giv5 h]--= 9 ! days ( exile  he _h  
atta9$ a good k ( ,engli% lit]ature--%e 
read  a good deal4 ,%e practis$ on !    
old1 long-disus$ piano 9 !  draw+-room1 
mu* to ,mrs4 ,connell's delight4 ,%e    
tri$ to tea*  h]self ,italian2 &1 z     
visit+ ! poor 0 /rictly =bidd5  by h]   
uncle1 %e sp5t "s ( h] own money 9 buy+ 
mat]ials1 & made clo!s = !m4 ,!n1 9 !   
,squ>e  ,g>d5s1 %e made fri5ds ) !      
*ildr5 :o ) _!  nurse-maids ov]spread ! 
place4 ,%e soon became _! fri5d1        
favorite1 & slave1 0 alt]nately a horse 
= ,ma/] ,walt]  & a lady 9 wait+ = ,miss
 ,beatrice1 or a p]petual f\nta9  (     

/ory-tell+ to ! :ole tribe4 ,society %e 
saw lit]ally  none2 "o gue/ only ev] sat
 at ,mr4 ,morton's table1 & 8  appe>ance
 ,aime soon le>nt to dread r ?an desire4
  #afd  ,mr4 ,hulme 0 ,mr4 ,morton's    
p>tn]1 a little wiry man ) %>p  f]ret   
eyes1 & 8 h>% cynical conv]sation 0 f>  
worse to  ,aime ?an h] uncle's sil5ce4  
,he took little notice ( h]2 b  x 0     
deeply pa9ful to ! poor girl to h all t 
%e held  mo/ sacr$ treat$ z a fit       
subject = scorn & ridicule1 to  he>     
honor & fai? & nobility & tru? sc(f$ at 
z  impossibilities4 ,_m natures might h 
be5 w>p$ by he>+  su* s5tim5ts2 b       
,aime's *ildlike fai? & innoc5ce 7 a    
secure %ield1 & n "o ( ,mr4 ,hulme's    
co>se rem>ks ev]  clung to h] memory4   
,*apt] ,,iv4    ,e n[ & aga9 ,aime      
und]/ood t %e1 ?\gh n  directly nam$1   
=m$ ! subject ( conv]sation betwe5 !    
two p>tn]s4 ,%e 0 9 "s way connect$ ) ! 
return (  ,rob]t1 ?\gh :o ,rob]t 01 or  
:]e he 0 com+ f1 %e  _h n ! slighte/    
conception1 & %e felt too we>y at he>t  

to indulge mu* curiosity4 ,*ri/mas came1
 & poor ,aime's he>t  0 sore inde$4 ,at 
su* a p]iod ! happie/ family has "s  sad
 memories--!re are "s vacant places at !
 bo>d1 "s  voices ^: tone we li/5 = 9   
va92 b ) ,aime :at a  *ange s9ce la/    
ye>6 ,%e c\ld n b ?9k ( ! midnight      
,mass1 ! ga!r+ ( ! villag]s1 ! sky      
radiant ) />s1  h] "m's kiss1 ! cur's   
bless+2 h[1 lat] 9 ! day1  %e _h wait$  
on ! poor & gladd5$ _m a he>t1 & h[  %e 
_h trimm$ ! *ur*'s ar*es ) holly1 & h[  
%e _h  dress$ ! cr*e4 ,n[ !re 7 no su*  
delights =  h]2 /ill %e drove back h]   
te>s4 ,%e ?\ght ( h] "m's  ,*ri/mas 9   
heav51 really s++ ! angelic song4 ,& 9 !
  d+y ,london *apel a few holly-b]ries 7
 gli/5+1 & ^u  ! alt> 0 ! same ,"l1 !   
same ,fri5d & ,com=t]2 &  ,aime1 z %e   
walk$ home ?r\gh ! /reets1 :5 a fog 0   
beg9n+ to turn to ra91 & :5 e object    
look$ a dirty  br[n color1 felt 9 h]    
he>t t %e possess$ ! greate/  bless+ !  
fe/ival c\ld br+--peace ( he>t4    ,%e  
dread$ ! d9n] because %e fe>$ ,mr4      

,hulme w\ld be  pres5t2 b on ent]+ !    
draw+-room %e f\nd1 to h]  surprise1 a  
g5tleman :om %e _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,he 0 
ly+ back 9 "o ( ! easy-*airs1 a newspap]
 9 8 h&1 z  if q at home4 ,on h]        
entrance he sprang to 8 feet1 &  ,aime  
saw he 0 a "y man ab\t five-&-tw5ty1 ) a
 fair1  op5 c\nt5ance beam+ ) good humor
 & *e]fulness4    ,miss ,morton1 ,i     
presume4 ,all[ me to introduce myself1 z
 !re  is no "o at h& to p]=m ! c]emony4 
,i am ,rob]t ,claydon1  at y\r s]vice1  
nephew to ! r$\btable ,mr4 ,hulme4 ,i am
 n  va9 en\gh to suppose he has talk$ ( 
me 9 my abs5ce4    ,i h he>d him speak (
 "s "o call$ ,rob]t1 said ,aime1  smil+4
    ,i h be5 9 ,holl& ^! ?ree mon?s1 he 
repli$1 on  bus9ess ( ! firm1 & only    
return$ la/ night4    ,! entrance ( ,mr4
 ,morton & ,mr4 ,hulme put a /op to !   
conv]sation2 b ,aime soon f\nd t d9n] 0 
a v  diff]5t matt] 9 pres5ce ( ! new    
gue/4    #afe    ,mr4 ,hulme 0 9 !      
highe/ good humor1 ,mr4 ,morton less icy
 ?an  usual1 :ile ,rob]t's fl[ ( spirits

 seem$ inexhau/ible4 ,all  ! little     
incid5ts ( an ord9>y j\rney f ,hamburg  
to  ,london 7 told 9 su* a mann] z to   
make !m amus+2 &  :5 ,aime w5t to b$ t  
night1 %e felt z if a ray (  sun%9e _h  
sudd5ly light5$ h] life4 ,sun%9e1 inde$1
 0  ! ^w t c\ld be/ express ! effect    
produc$ by ,rob]t  ,claydon's pres5ce4  
,!re 0 sun%9e 9 8 laugh+ blue eyes1  9 8
 m]ry smile1 9 8 joy\s voice4 ,hav+     
le>n$ !  secret ( p]sonal happ9ess1 8 "o
 desire 0 to make o!rs  happy1 & morose 
inde$ 7 ! natures he did n gladd52 &    
,aime soon f\nd t he 0 n only bright &  
g5ial1 b  noble 9 "* & he>t4    ,mr4    
,hulme _h long int5d$ to make ,rob]t 8  
heir1 & s9ce  ! arrival ( ,aime1 !      
p>tn]s _h =m$ ! s*eme (  m>ry+ h] to    
,rob]t1 & ?us keep+ ! prop]ty ( ! firm  
intact4 ,h] wi%es 9 ! matt] ! old m5    
little ?\ght (1  nor 7 ,rob]t's mu*     
consid]$1 except t !y ea* knew too  well
 ,rob]t w\ld n be dictat$ to 9 s        
important a matt] z  ! *oice ( a wife4  
,x 01 h[ev]1 n long aft] 8 return to    

,engl& t !  firm intimat$ ! purport ( _!
 augu/ w to ,rob]t4    ,! c\rse ( true  
love nev] did run smoo?1 0 8 smil+      
answ]4 ,?is little ,aime is1 ,i believe1
 ! v ideal ,i h  imag9$ to myself = a   
wife1 & by all laws ( romance1 y1  our  
respect$ uncles1 ought to =bid ! mat*1  
or cut u (f  ) a %ill+1 in/ead (        
actually urg+ u on2 b n[1  rememb]1 add$
 he1 a fair field1 or ,i am (f ! b>ga94 
,no  us+ ( comm&s to ! poor little      
maid54 ,i w w9 h] on my  own m]its &    
aft] my own fa%ion1 or n at all4 ,& s ! 
weeks pass$ on1 & ,rob]t began s]i\sly  
to d\bt :e!r he  _h really made         
progress4 ,aime 0 always pleas$ to see  
him2  %e _h lo/ all %yness & emb>rassm5t
 9 8 pres5ce4 ,!re  is no               
self-possession s p]fect z t giv5 by    
simplicity1 &  ,aime1 :o r>ely ?\ght    
ab\t h]self1 0 always at h] ease4  ,%e  
tru/$ ,rob]t implicitly1 & _h le>n$ to  
tell him ab\t  h] home1 h] =m] pursuits1
 & ev5 ( h] d>l+ "m4  ,%e nev] tri$ to  
analyze h] feel+s2 %e only knew t h]    

:ole life 0 *ang$ s9ce t ,*ri/mas-day by
 ! con/ant  int]c\rse ) ?is new fri5d2 &
 ,rob]t1 ^: :ole he>t  0 giv5 to h]1    
fe>$ t %e only reg>d$ him ) si/]ly      
affection1 & he fe>$ to speak ! words   
:i* might1 in/ead  ( cr[n+ 8 hopes1     
bani% him f h] side4    ,"o ev5+ 9 !    
e>ly spr+1 ,aime 0 sitt+ at ! piano     
try+ "s new music ,rob]t _h giv5 h]4    
,rob]t 0 n f>  (f1 & ,mr4 ,hulme & ,mr4 
,morton 7 l+]+1 accord+ to  _! cu/om1 9 
! d9+-room4 ,a s]vant ent]$ ) lett]s4   
,are !re any = me8 said ,aime1 turn+    
r\nd eag]ly4 ,!  ,fr5* lett]s (t5 come  
by ?is po/1 & x is s long s9ce ,i  he>d 
f ,/4 ,victor4    ,yes1 said ,rob]t1    
br++ ! lett] to h]1 "h x is1  po/-m>k1  
=eign /amp1 & all4    ,b n 8 h&writ+8   
said ,aime 9 a surpris$ tone1 &  %e tore
 ! lett] op54 ,a sudd5 pal5ess ov]spread
 h] face1  & ! lett] fell f h] h&s1 & %e
 look$ up into  ,rob]t's face ) an      
expression ( mute agony4    #aff    ,my 
poor *ild6 said ,rob]t1 9 a tone s      
g5tle1 s full (  sympa?y1 t ,aime broke 

d[n4    ,he is gone6 %e sobb$ out2 my   
la/1 my only fri5d4    ,nay1 n s1 cri$  
,rob]t2 ,i w\ld give my life = y1 my    
,aime--my love--my love6 ,o d>l+6 c y   
c>e = me2  c y give me y\r he>t = m9e8  
,%e gave "o look only f h] innoc5t eyes1
 /ill full (  te>s1 b t "o glance       
suffic$2 x remov$ all d\bt f  ,rob]t's  
m9d4 ,he felt t he 0 inde$ belov$ ) a   
woman's  fir/ & ard5t atta*m5t2 & ga!r+ 
h] into 8 arms1 he  bade h] weep out h] 
sorr[s on 8 brea/1 h5ce=? to be h]      
refuge4 ,h5ce=? _! joys & _! sorr[s 7 to
 be 9  common4 ,aft] a "t !y read !     
lett] toge!r4 ,x 0 f  ! doctor ( ,/4    
,victor1 & told h[ ! old cur _h di$     
sudd5ly :ile kneel+ be=e ! alt> 9 sil5t 
pray]--a  frequ5t cu/om ( 8 ?r\gh\t !   
day4 ,he _h fall5  sideways1 8 head re/+
 on ! alt>-/ep1 a smile (  *ildlike     
sweetness on 8 lips1 8 ros>y tw9$ ab\t 8
  h&s1 8 brevi>y by 8 side--a soldi] ) 8
 armor on1 he  _h be5 call$ by 8 ,ma/]  
to jo9 ! *ur* triumphant4 ,=  su* a loss
 !re c\ld be no bitt]ness1 & ,aime's    

sorr[ 0  calm & g5tle4 ,& r\nd h] life  
n[ !re hung a halo su* z  _h nev]       
bright5$ x be=e4 ,%e _h be5 happy ) h]  
"m1 & 9 h] village1 ) ! spr+tide joy (  
*ildhood  & e>ly y\?2 b n[ ! ri*1 full  
summ] ( h] life 0  come4 ,true x 01 no  
voice1 save poor ,mrs4 ,connell's1 wi%$ 
h]  joy4 ,%e _h no "m or si/] or ev5    
fri5d to tell out !  _m new ?\ghts t h] 
position br\ght to h] m9d2 b1 to  make  
up = ?is1 %e f\nd %e _h won a he>t su* z
 r>ely  falls to ! lot ( mortal4    ,to 
! lonely girl ,rob]t 0 lit]ally all--"m1
 & bro!r1  & lov] 9 "o4 ,h] happ9ess1 n 
8 own gratification1 0  ! p]vad+ ?\ght (
 8 life4 ,%e 0 n only lov$1 b  wat*$ ov]
 t5d]ly & c>$ = ) exce$+  ?\ghtfulness4 
,!re 01 ( c\rse1 no?+ to wait =2 & z    
soon z ! settlem5ts 7 drawn up1 ,ea/]   
w\ld h come1  & !n ! m>riage w\ld take  
place4 ,kn[+ ,aime's love =  ! c\ntry1  
,rob]t took a cottage 9 "o ( ! pretty   
villages  t surr\nd ,london1 & !re1 z he
 plann$1 !y c\ld g>d5  toge!r 9 ! summ] 
ev5+s & sometimes take a r[ ^u !        

,?ames4    ,mean:ile1 ,rob]t took ,aime 
away z mu* z possible f !  gloomy       
atmosph]e ( ,russell ,squ>e4 ,!y w5t    
toge!r to !  ,p>ks & to ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s1
 :]e ! trees 7 fa/  beg9n+ to put on _! 
fir/1 fre% gre52 & !y w5t  toge!r to !  
diff]5t ,ca?olic *ur*es1 = ! beautiful  
s]vices :i* ab\nd 9 su* v>iety dur+     
,l5t2 & dur+  _! walks to & fro ,aime   
le>n$ m & m ( !  nobility ( ! m9d t 0   
h]eaft] to guide & gov]n h]  own4 ,!y 7 
no ord9>y lov]s1 ^! two2 _! affection 0 
too pure1 too deep1 too real to ne$ mu* 
outw>d  demon/ration1 or _m expressions 
( its w>m?4 ,!y knew ea*  possess$ !    
o!r's he>t1 & t 0 en\gh4 ,_!            
conv]sation (t5 ran on grave subjects2 &
 (t51 leav+ !  ?+s ( e>?1 !y m\nt$ to ! 
?\ghts ( a high] &  bett] life--& ,aime 
f\nd1 to h] a/oni%m5t1 t ! "y  m]*ant1  
active 9 bus9ess1 ! laugh+1 m]ry ,rob]t 
9  society1 0 9 reality lead+ 9 secret a
 life ( /rict  ,*ri/ian hol9ess1 & t !  
secret ( ! p]petual sun%9e  ( 8 nature  
proce$$ f 8 hav+ f\nd out :]e alone !   

he>t ( man c f9d x4  #afg  ,deep z 0 8  
love = h]1 ,aime knew x 0 second only to
  8 love = 8 ,creator2 & at ! call (    
duty he w\ld n  hesitate to sacrifice ! 
de>e/ hopes ( 8 life4 ,"h1 %e  felt1 %e 
c\ld n foll[ him2 h] love = him v ne>ly 
approa*$ idolatry4 ,! ?\ght 0 pa9ful1 & 
%e bani%$ x  f h] m9d1 & gave h]self up 
to ! full enjoym5t ( h]  fir/ p]fect    
dream ( bliss4    ,x 0 a late ,ea/]1 & !
 fea/ came 9 a glori\s bur/ (  spr+1    
,only a brief t5 days n[ int]v5$ betwe5 
,aime's  m>riage-day4 ,already ! simple 
bridal attire 0 ready2 =1  z ,mrs4      
,connell obs]v$1 !re 0 no?+ l be+ 9 "t2 
& ! orange-fl[]s & ! veil 7 already 9 ! 
good  h\sekeep]'s *>ge1 & %e look$ =w>d 
) no little  pleasure to ! novel sight (
 a w$d+ f h] ma/]'s gloomy  abode4      
,rob]t wi%$ ,aime to see ! h\se he _h   
tak5 =  _! future home2 & e>ly 9 ,ea/]  
week ,mrs4 ,connell  accompani$ !m ?i!r1
 to give h] sage advice z to !  f9i%+   
t\*es ( furniture & h\se-l954 ,x really 
0 a  little gem ( a h\se1 surr\nd$ )    

fairy-l g>d5s1 )  tall trees %ad+ x on  
"o side1 & ! silv] ,?ames %9+  9 !      
=egr\nd2 & z ,aime /ood1 sil5t )        
delight1  be=e ! op5 ,fr5* w9d[ ( h]    
draw+-room1 ,rob]t %[$  h] a little     
/eeple peep+ ?r\gh ! trees1 & told h] ! 
pretty new ,ca?olic *ur* 0 n five       
m9utes' walk f _!  abode4 ,& ?is t9y    
room1 de>e/1 said he1 op5+ a  m9iature  
w9d[ adjo9+ ! draw+-room1 ,i ?\ght we   
w\ld  make into a little oratory1 & hang
 up ^? pictures &  crucifix :i* belong$ 
to y\r dead "m4    ,aime's head fell on 
8 %\ld]4 ,rob]t1 ,i feel z if x 7  mu*  
too bright = e>?4 ,! cur always seem$ to
 be  try+ to prep>e me = a life (       
suff]+1 = a sad future1  = a heavy      
cross4 ,long be=e mamma's dea?1 he us$  
to speak s  mu* 9 ! confessional ( !    
love ( suff]+1 (  endur+ life--& ,i     
always believ$ he _h "s /range  insight 
into ! future4 ,b :]e is ! suff]+ 9 my  
lot  n[1 ,rob]t1 ,i ask myself          
sometimes1 :]e is ! cross8    ,x w come1
 my de> "o1 answ]$ he ) 8 bright smile2 

nev] fe>1 ,god gives u sun%9e sometimes1
 & we mu/ be  ready = ! cl\ds :5 !y     
come1 b we ne$ n be look+  out = !m4 ,we
 may h "s great trials toge!r--:o kn[s8 
,b n[ come & look at ! way ,i am go+ to 
lay out my  g>d54 ,aime foll[$ him )\t  
answ]+1 b 9 h] he>t  !re swell$ ! ?\ght 
t1 ) him1 no trial c\ld  be really      
great4    ,on return+ to t[n1 ,rob]t    
took leave ( ,aime at ! /ation  & put h]
 & ,mrs4 ,connell into a c>1 & promis$  
to return  to ,russell ,squ>e = d9n]4 ,z
 ! c> roll$ ?r\gh !  /reets1 n[ bright &
 *e]ful 9 ! sunlight1 ,aime ?\ght  ( h] 
fir/ j\rney ?r\gh !m six mon?s be=e1 &  
h[ h]  life1 !n s sad1 _h s /rangely    
bright5$2 & x 0 ) a  radiant face t %e  
ent]$ ! gloomy portal ( h] uncle's      
h\se4    ,! footman /opp$ ,mrs4 ,connell
 z %e foll[$ h] "y  mi/ress4 ,my ma/]   
has come home1 he said1 & ask$ = y1  &  
preci\s cross he 0 because y wasn't 92  
he seems ill  l1 = he s5t = a cup ( tea4
    #afh    ,ma/] at home6 a cup ( tea6 
ejaculat$ ,mrs4 ,connell 9  dismay1 & %e

 ha/5$ to ! /udy to f9d ,mr4 ,morton    
%iv]+ ov] ! fire1 & s te/y & irritable x
 0  difficult to "k :at to d = him4 ,he 
0 evid5tly ill1 b  w\ld n he> ( s5d+ = a
 doctor4 ,nons5se1 he 0 nev]  ill2 he   
%\ld d9e z usual1 he exclaim$ %>ply2 b  
:5  d9n]-"t came1 he 0 unable to p>take 
( x1 & 8 illness  0 s evid5tly ga9+ on  
him t he yield$ to ,rob]t's  p]suasion1 
& ,dr4 ,bruce 0 summon$4 ,! doctor ord]$
 8  pati5t to b$1 look$ s]i\s1 & promis$
 to come aga9 9 !  morn+4 ,by t "t ,mr4 
,morton 0 deliri\s1 & x 0 )  no surprise
 t ! h\sehold le>nt ! illness 0 a l[    
typhus fev]4 ,a nurse 0 s5t = to assi/  
,mrs4 ,connell4 ,aime  0 =bidd5 to      
approa* ! b$room1 & ! w$d+ 0  po/pon$4  
,*apt] ,v4      ,rob]t's fir/ wi% _h be5
 to s5d ,aime away1 b %e %rank  f !     
idea1 & z ,dr4 ,bruce consid]$ ! risk ( 
infection  _h already be5 run1 he did n 
press ! po9t4 ,he 0 c>eful  to take h]  
out z mu* z possible into ! op5 air1 &  
to  prev5t ! sil5ce & gloom ( ! h\se f  
depress+ h]4  ,mr4 ,morton's life 0 9 ! 

utmo/ dang]1 & !re=e1 d  :at !y w\ld1 !y
 c\ld n be s *e]ful z be=e4  ,hi!rto !  
lov]s _h1 by a tacit cons5t1 avoid$ !   
m5tion  ( ,aime's uncle2 = ! six mon?s t
 _h elaps$ s9ce %e  _h ent]$ 8 doors _h 
made no diff]5ce app>5tly 9 ,mr4        
,morton's feel+s t[>d h]4 ,he 0 z icy z 
ev]2 & :5 h]  engagem5t 0 ann\nc$1 he   
nev] wi%$ h] joy or seem$ glad  ( x = h]
 sake4 ,cold & h>d he naturally 01 b    
,aime  c\ld n b feel t he _h an actual  
dislike to h]2 = he  w\ld smile n[ & !n 
at ,mr4 ,hulme's jokes1 & 8 mann] to    
,rob]t (t5 v]g$ on cordiality4 ,) h]    
only he 0  inv>iably sil5t1 /]n1 &      
freez+2 & poor ,aime's he>t1  s full (  
affection1 s ready to be grateful = !   
little he  did = h]1 felt deeply pa9$4  
,b n[ ,rob]t & %e spoke  anxi\sly ( t   
s\l :i* 0 hang+ 9 ! balance betwe5  life
 & dea?4 ,he _h liv$ )\t ,god1 9 op5    
defiance ( 8  laws1 9 av[$ disbelief ( !
 v exi/5ce ( 8 ,mak]1 &  n[ 0 he1 )\t an
 h\r's consci\sness1 )\t any space  =   
rep5tance1 to be hurri$ into ! pres5ce (

 8 ,judge8  ,!y %rank 9 horror f !      
?\ght2 & _m 7 _!  pray]s1 _m 7 ! ,masses
 (f]$ up t ,god 9 8 m]cy  w\ld n cut (f 
?is man 9 8 s9s4 ,_! pray]s 7  grant$2  
he did n die1 & aft] ?ree weeks ( int5se
  anxiety1 ! crisis pass$1 & he began to
 m5d4 ,m5tal  improvem5t 0 n to be      
p]ceiv$ ) return+ heal?4 ,no  expression
 ( gratitude = hav+ escap$ dea? cross$ 8
  lips--app>5tly ! %ad[ ( dea? _h n     
t]rifi$ him--he  rose up f 8 sick-b$ z  
h>d1 z cynical1 z icy z be=e4  ,&       
,aime's fond hope t at la/ he w\ld ?aw  
to h] 0  disappo9t$4 ,z soon z ,mr4     
,morton c\ld leave 8 room1 ,dr4  ,bruce 
prescrib$ *ange ( air2 & x 0 arrang$ t  
,rob]t  & ,aime %\ld accompany him4     
,mrs4 ,connell 0 s ?or\ghly  us$ up )   
nurs+ t %e 0 to be s5t to take a holiday
  among h] fri5ds 9 ,irel&4    #afi     
,x 0 h>d "w to p]suade ,mr4 ,morton to g
 at all1 /ill  h>d] to f9d a place to   
suit him2 he mov$ f spot to spot1  till 
at la/1 to 8 companions' surprise1 he   
seem$ to take a  fancy = a wild spot on 

! ,nor? ,devon coa/1 & !re settl$  d[n =
 "s weeks4 ,x 0 a mo/ out-(-!-way spot1 
& !  only place 9 :i* !y c\ld reside 0 a
 homely village inn4  ,x pleas$ him1    
h[ev]1 & day by day he rapidly rega9$ 8 
/r5g?4 ,rob]t & ,aime 7 well cont5t$2 ! 
beauty &  quiet ( ! place 7 delightful1 
& n a mile f x 0 a  ,ca?olic *ur*1 :i*  
happ5$ to be s]v$ by a prie/ :o _h  kn[n
 ,rob]t 9 8 boyhood4 ,great 0 ,aime's   
pleasure 9  li/5+ to _! laugh+          
rem9isc5ces ( bygone ye>s1 &  great]    
/ill 0 h] happ9ess :5 %e *anc$ to be    
left alone  ) ,fa!r ,dunne1 & he spoke (
 ,rob]t1 ( 8 innoc5t  *ildhood1 8 holy  
life1 ! bright example he set 9 8       
position1 & assur$ h] t few wom5 _h won 
su* a prize z  %e _h = life4 ,!n ,aime's
 he>t swell$ ) joy & pride4  ,on "o     
lovely day 9 ,june1 ,aime 0 specially   
happy2 = h]  uncle's improvem5t 0 s     
m>k$1 ,rob]t _h be5 ask+ h] to  fix an  
e>ly day 9 ,july = _! w$d+4 ,mr4 ,hulme 
& ,mrs4  ,connell c\ld jo9 !m1 & !y c\ld
 be m>ri$ at ?is little  *ur*1 :i* _h   

become de> to !m1 & ,fa!r ,dunne c\ld   
pron\nce ! nuptial b5$iction4 ,aime     
greatly pref]r$ ?is  to be+ m>ri$ 9     
,london1 & h] he>t 0 v light4 ,t  morn+ 
%e _h knelt by ,rob]t's side at         
communion4 ,%e c\ld  n help obs]v+ !    
rapt1 almo/ cele/ial expression ( 8     
face aft]w>d4 ,x 0 ! ,fea/ ( ! ,sacr$   
,he>t1 & ,fa!r  ,dunne _h ,b5$iction    
e>ly 9 ! aft]noon4    ,z !y walk$ to    
*ur* toge!r1 _! conv]sation turn$ on    
religi\s subjects1 & ,rob]t spoke 9 a m 
unres]v$ way  ?an he _h ev] done be=e4  
,he spoke ( ,heav51 ! re/ x  w\ld be    
aft] e>?'s toils1 ( ! sweetness (       
sacrifice1 (  ! joy ( ,god's s]vice4    
,aime 0 sil5t4 ,he look$ d[n into  h]   
face4    ,well1 he said1 smil+1 is x n  
true8    ,o ,rob]t6 %e cri$1 y\r love is
 heav5 to me n[6 ,is n1  oh6 is n m9e s 
to y8    ,no1 my ,aime1 he answ]$1      
gravely yet sweetly2 my he>t's  d>l+1   
,god fir/1 !n y4    ,i _c6 %e answ]$1 9 
a /ifl$ voice4    ,y w soon1 d>l+1 nev] 
fe>4 ,i pray$ ?is morn+ t  our love     

might be sanctifi$1 might draw u clos]  
to ,god--& ,i  feel x w be s4 ,pray ) me
 = x at ,b5$iction4    ,s !y w5t & knelt
 be=e ! alt>1 & _! ,"l bless$  !m z !y  
b5t be=e him4 ,pass+ out ( *ur*1 ,fa!r  
,dunne  jo9$ !m1 & rem>k$ on ! beauty ( 
! ev5+4    ,we %all g ) my uncle on !   
cliff1 said ,aime1 & wat*  ! coa/4    ,&
 p]haps ,i %all meet y !re1 answ]$ !    
prie/1 = ,i  h a sick call f :i* ,i c   
return 9 t direction4 ,s  say+1 he turn$
 into ano!r road4    ,mr4 ,morton 0     
ready :5 !y return$ to ! inn1 & ! ?ree  
pass$ up on ! cliff & w&]$ on f> beyond 
_! usual  di/ance4 ,!y came to a "p :]e 
! cliff 0 "o %e] %eet  ( rock desc5d+ to
 ! bea*1 save "o l>ge crag :i* jutt$    
out1 & on "o side obscur$ ! view4  #agj 
,aime _h a great horror ( look+ d[n any 
/eep place1 &  %rank back f ! cliff1    
:ile ,mr4 ,morton1 :o despis$ h]        
weakness1 always *ose to walk at ! v    
edge4    ,see "h1 little "o1 said       
,rob]t1 "h is a safe place =  y4 ,an    
iron /an*ion _h be5 ?ru/ into ! gr\nd1 &

 a  ?ick rope 0 c>elessly coil$ r\nd x4 
,x mu/ be us$ =  ?r[+ signals to ! boats
 bel[1 said ,rob]t1 b y c  lean aga9/ x1
 ,aime4    ,i ?9k ,i %all /ep on t crag1
 ,rob]t1 said ,mr4 ,morton1 if  y w l5d 
me an arm4 ,i want to cat* ! :ole view  
at once4    ,o uncle6 said ,aime1 9 a   
tone ( t]ror4    ,d y ?9k x is v prud5t1
 sir8 rem>k$ ,rob]t4 ,x is  none too    
wide to /& on4    ,oh6 v well1 said ,mr4
 ,morton te/ily1 if y are afraid1 ,i    
%all g by myself4 ,rob]t's m]ry laugh 0 
! only answ]1  &1 giv+ 8 arm to ,mr4    
,morton1 !y bo? desc5d$4    ,aime hid h]
 face1 sick ) t]ror4 ,%e he>d _! voices 
=  a m9ute1 !n1 ,o horror6 :at 0 t8 ,a  
cra%1 a ru%1 a  sudd5 %\t ( pa96 ,%e    
ru%$ to ! edge to see ! crag  deta*     
itself f ! rock1 & ! two figures fall+4 
,%e saw  bo? clut*+ = "s support--%e saw
 bo? cat* hold (  diff]5t bits ( rock   
jutt+ out--%e knew1 = h] s5ses 7  %>p5$ 
by fe>1 t !y c\ld n long su/a9 _!       
weight4  ,%e ?\ght ( ! rope1 ru%$ = x1  
uncoil$ x1 & ran  back4 ,all 0 ! "w ( "o

 mom5t4 ,an unnatural activity  seem$ to
 possess h]4 ,%e 0 l "o 9 a dream4 ,%e  
saw !  rope w\ld n rea* bo?2 %e mu/     
*oose betwe5 !m2 &  ,ano!r c\ld see h]6 
,b on ! /ill ev5+ air1 ) h]  e>s quick5$
 unnaturally1 %e he>d oa?s f "o2 f !    
o!r1 ,"l1 into ?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s4  
,aime ?rew ! rope to ,mr4 ,morton1 & saw
 him cat* x4 ,!  next in/ant %e he>d    
ano!r cra%--a dull ?ud1 z (  some?+     
fall+--& nature c\ld be> no m4 ,aime    
fell on  ! gr\nd ins5sible j z ,fa!r    
,dunne1 & "s labor]s  al>m$ by ! %\t 9 !
 di/ance1 came runn+ to ! spot4    ,:5  
,aime woke to consci\sness1 %e 0 9 h]   
own b$ at !  inn4 ,h] fir/ ?\ght 01 t %e
 _h be5 dream+2 b %e  />t$ back1 !      
l&lady 0 walk+ by h]1 & n[ came  =w>d1  
try+ to put on an appe>ance ( composure4
    ,my uncle8 said ,aime4    ,lies 9   
b$1 miss1 & go+ on well1 answ]$ ! good  
woman  hurri$ly4    ,aime gave "o se>*+ 
look into ,mrs4 ,b>ton's face1 & sank   
back on h] pill[4 ,9 ano!r mom5t ! door 
op5$1 ,mrs4  ,b>ton disappe>$1 & ,fa!r  

,dunne /ood by h] side4 ,!  sil5t look  
at him 0 all %e gave4    ,yes1 my *ild1 
he said1 y\r sacrifice has be5 accept$1 
&  ,rob]t is ) ^? :o foll[ ! ,lamb      
:i!rsoev] he goe?4  ,& !n1 sitt+ d[n    
beside h]1 ! prie/ drew out ! tru?  :i*1
 by a sudd5 in/9ct1 he _h all b guess$4 
,no "o b  he ev] knew x2 x 0 g5]ally    
believ$ t ,rob]t _h fail$  to cat* !    
rope :5 ?r[n to him--he _h fall5 on !   
bea*1  & 0 da%$ to pieces4 ,aime c\ld n 
look ^u 8 =m or  kiss = ! la/ "t ! pale1
 cold face4 ,he _h pass$ 9 "o  brief    
in/ant f h] sight = aye4 ,9 ! heat (    
noonday h]  sun _h gone d[n4    #aga    
,f ?is fre% %ock to 8 con/itution ,mr4  
,morton c\ld n  rally2 he 0 fe>fully    
%ak5 & bruis$1 b he l+]$ _m  weeks1 &   
,aime wait$ on him ) a daught]'s c>e4 ,&
 at  la/ ! /]n he>t 0 s(t5$1 & ,mr4     
,morton implor$ m]cy  f ! ,god he _h s  
long (f5d$4 ,he di$ a s9c]e p5it5t2  & !
 grief = ,rob]t's dea? caus$ a salut>y  
*ange 9 ,mr4  ,hulme also4 ,aime _h n[  
become a great heiress1 b money  _c heal

 a brok5 he>t4 ,%e w\ld fa9 h rema9$ 9 !
  little village :]e ! trag$y ( h] life 
_h be5 work$ out1  & devote h]self to ! 
poor2 b ,fa!r ,dunne w\ld n all[  x1 &  
to him %e n[ look$ = guidance & help4   
,he made h]  g to ,italy & ,rome 9      
company ) "s quiet fri5ds ( 8  own = two
 ye>s2 & "t & ! sight ( ! woes ( o!rs   
gradually s(t5$ ,aime's grief4 ,& by    
degrees a great peace  /ole ov] h] _s2 a
 love deep] ?an h]s = ,rob]t took       
possession ( h] he>t2 & ! h\r came :5 %e
 ackn[l$g$  t 9 sacrifice lay mu*       
sweetness4 ,%e did n live _m  ye>s2 %e  
di/ribut$ h] l>ge =tune among v>i\s good
  works4 ,a fair *ur* replaces ! humble 
build+ 9 :i* ,rob]t  & %e = ! la/ "t    
pray$ toge!r1 & a conv5t /&s  ne> ! spot
 :]e he brea!d out 8 la/ sigh to ,god4  
,&  :5 h] "w 0 done1 dea? came to ,aime2
 &1 ) a smile on  h] lips1 & joy 9 h]   
eyes1 %e w5t to meet aga9 ^?  fondly    
lov$1 s /rangely lo/ on e>?4    --------
        ,say+s ,( ,! ,fa!rs ,( ,!       
,des]t4      ,abbot ,pambo once ask$    

,abbot ,antony :at he %\ld d4 ,!        
v5]able man repli$3 ,d n rely too mu* ^u
 y\r own  sanctity2 nev] h useless      
regrets = :at has pass$1 &  always be   
wat*ful ov] y\r tongue & y\r appetite4  
,sa9t ,gregory us$ to say3 ,god requires
 ^! ?ree ?+s (  e man :o has be5        
baptiz$2 /rong & liv+ fai?1  mod]ation 9
 spee*1 & *a/ity ( body4      ,abbot    
,joseph ! ,!ban said3 ,!re are ?ree     
classes ( m5 :o  are pleas+ 9 ! sight ( 
! ,"l4 ,! fir/ are ^? :o1  ?\gh weak1   
accept temptations ) a ?ankful he>t4 ,! 
second  are ^? :o p]=m all _! actions   
be=e ,god ) purity (  he>t & )\t human  
motives4 ,! ?ird are ^? :o subject      
!mselves to ! comm&s ( _! spiritual     
,fa!r & entirely  r5\nce _! own w4      
#agb    ,abbot ,cassian n>rates ( ,abbot
 ,john t1 :5 he 0 on 8  dea?b$ & prep>+ 
to dep>t ) joyful s\l1 8 bre?r5  /ood   
ar\nd him & e>ne/ly bes\ght t he w\ld   
leave !m  z an h]itage a comp5dium1 z x 
71 ( sanctity1 by means (  :i* !y might 
rise to t p]fection :i* is 9 ,*ri/4 ,!n 

he ) sighs repli$3 ,i h nev] done my own
 w1 nor h ,i  ev] taught any "o any?+   
:i* ,i h n previ\sly done  myself4      
,abbot ,pa/or said3 ,to be wat*ful1 to  
exam9e "o's self1 to be  discreet1 are !
 ?ree great duties ( ! s\l4      ,!y    
tell ( ,abbot ,pambo t1 :5 ab\t to die1 
he said to  ^? holy m5 :o /ood ne>3 ,f !
 "t :5 ,i fir/ came to  ?is place &     
built my cell & dwelt !re91 ,i d n      
rememb]  to h eat5 bread t ,i did n ga9 
by ! labor ( my h&s1  nor h ,i ev]      
rep5t$ ( any ?+ t ,i h said up to ?is  v
 h\r4 ,& ?us ,i g to ! ,"l1 ,i :o h n   
ev5 begun  to s]ve ,god4      ,abbot    
,sisois said3 ,be abject & ca/ pleasures
 away2 be free &  secure f ! c>es ( !   
_w1 & y %all h re/4        ,a bro!r once
 ask$ a fa!r h[ "o may acquire a fe> ( !
  ,"l4 ,& he repli$3 ,if a man practise 
humility & pov]ty1 &  judge n ano!r1 he 
%all surely fe> ! ,"l4      ,a c]ta9    
fa!r us$ to say3 ,if ?\ hate "o :o      
speaks ill (  !e1 speak ill ( no "o2 if 
?\ hate him :o calumniates !e1  d n     

calumniate anyone2 if ?\ hate him :o    
injures !e or  takes away :at is ?9e1 or
 does any ?+ ( a l nature1 d  none ( ^! 
?+s to any "o4 ,he :o c obs]ve ?is rule 
%all be sav$4    --------               
,all ,s\ls' ,day4                       
#ahff4        ,on e cross or slab1 a    
wrea?--on "s1      ,two1 ?ree1 or m--(  
radiant autumn leaves1    ,m+l$ ) gold &
 :ite *rysan!mum2      ,ev5 ! nameless1 
unm>k$ grave receives        ,"s pl$ge f
 mortal love    ,unto peace-p>t$ s\ls1  
we tru/1 ) ,god above4      ,! *oral    
*aunt is hu%$1 ! ,mass is said3         
,noon1 b already ! la/ pilgrim gone3    
,brief visits pay ! liv+ to ! dead1     
,b once a ye> we meet o'er ^? we m\rn4  
,i wait unwat*$1 alone1    ,to muse o'er
 "s once lov$1 o'er _m m unkn[n4    #agc
      ,t cross ( m>ble1 ) its sculptur$ 
base1      ,gu>ds ! ble/ a%es ( a fri5d 
^: =m    ,0 half my boyhood2 8 ar*1     
laugh+ face--      ,! la/ y'd take to   
front a com+ /orm1        ,or d>e :at   
none else dur/3    ,read h[ he fell1 (  

all ! be/ & brave/1 fir/6      ,ano!r   
pa/or ne> him lies asleep1      ,fre%   
wrea?s1 love-wov51 m>k ! new] sod2      
,ea* lett]$ :ite cross bids me pause to 
weep      ,"s lo/ companion or "s man ( 
,god4        ,b5ea? ?is sacr$ gr\nd1    
,m fri5ds ,i numb] ?an 9 all ! _w ar\nd4
      ,!re1 side by side1 f> f ! =feit  
home      ,= :i* !y va9ly bl$1 ?ree     
soldi]s re/1    ,9 sight ( ! r\nd peak1 
^: bann]$ dome      ,cr[ns ! defiles    
:]e9 ! fi]y cre/        ,( a dead nation
 pal$    ,be=e ! heights1 :]e er/ !     
great ,virg9ian fail$4      ,we/w>d1 a  
little high] up ! /eep1      ,re/s a "y 
"m--on h] cross1 a b>    ,( gold5 music3
 s9ce %e fell asleep      ,! _w %e left 
has someh[ seem$ aj>2        ,^? pati5t1
 peaceful eyes1    ,) :i* %e wat*$ ! _w1
 diffus$ sweet h>monies4      ,= %e 0   
pure--pure z ! sn[s ( ,yule      ,t     
hail$ h] bir?3 pure z ! autumnal sn[    
,t fleck$ h] c(f93 %e 0 beautiful1      
,h]oic1 g5tle3 none c\ld ev] "k         
,t face & !n =get3    ,?\gh vani%$ ye>s 

ago1 h] smile seems liv+ yet4      ,&   
ne> h]1 happy 9 t ne>ness1 lies      ,! 
_w-worn consul by 8 be/-lov$ *ild--     
,! fir/ re/ ( a life ( sacrifice3       
,! native />s1 t on 8 labors smil$      
,s r>ely1 o'er ! wave    ,beckon$ him to
 ! peace ( home--& ( ! grave4      ,"h1 
too1 a relic ( primeval ways      ,&    
/ateli] mann]s1 m+l$ ) ! grace    ,(    
,israel3 9 ! ev5+ ( h] days1            
,baptiz$ at f\rscore--/ronge/ ( h] race1
        ,yet twice a *ild--t ra9        
,sup]nal leav+ all ^? ye>s )\t a /a94   
#agd      ,& ?\1 "y soldi]1 tea* me h[  
to turn      ,f e>? to heav51 z 9 !     
solemn h\r    ,?y s\l 0 turn$4 ,ah6 well
 = !e to le>n      ,s soon t fe/al bo>d 
& bridal fl[]        ,may foil !        
out-/ret*$ h&3    ,t life's be/ conque/ 
is ! holy aft]l&4      ,hold+ ! v summit
 ( ! slope1      ,a po9t$ *apel1 girt ) 
ev]gre5    ,& frail] summ] foliage--/ill
 z hope--      ,wat*es ! ea/ = morn+'s  
e>lie/ %e53        ,b5ea? x slumb]s "o  
,= :om ! te>s ( unext+ui%$ grief /ill   

run4      ,a twelve-mon? m\rn$1 yet     
deep] n[ ! loss      ,?an :5 fir/ fell !
 sl[ly sudd5 doom1    ,& on h] pale     
brea/ lay ! unmov+ cross3      ,lone    
t5ant ( t solit>y tomb1        ,love's  
daily wid[$ pray]    ,/ill craves       
reunion 9 ?y *amb]$ sepul*re4      ,!   
sunset %ad[ ( ?is *apel falls      ,^u a
 classmate's grave3 a r>e delight       
,laugh$ 9 8 y\?3 b1 "o by "o1 ! halls   
,( life 7 d>k5$1 till1 amid ! night1    
,a s+le /> rema9$--    ,bright h]ald ( !
 p>adise by te>s rega9$4      ,high 9 ! 
b5d+ trees ! nor? w9d s+s1      ,! %9+  
*e/nut to my feet is roll$    ,! %iv]+  
m\nta9s1 b>e z bankrupt k+s1      ,sit  
begg>$ ( _! purple & _! gold3        ,! 
nak$ pla9 bel[    ,sighs to ! cl\ds1    
impati5t ( its robe ( sn[4      ,dea? is
 9 all ?+s3 yet h[ small x seems1       
,god's *os5 acre on ?is m\nta9-side3    
,a speck1 a mote3 :ile yond] cornl&     
gleams      ,) ho>d$ pl5ty1 /ret*+ f> & 
wide4        ,a hundr$ acres !re        
,cont5t n "o3 "o acre s]ves a ?\s& "h4  

,ah6 we =get !m 9 our *ang+ lot--       
,=get ! pa/ 9 pres5t weal or woe2    ,b 
yet1 p]*ance1 m angels gu>d ?is spot    
,?an w&] 9 ! liv+ fields bel[3          
,&1 z ,i pass ! gate1    ,! _w )\t seems
 /rangely void & desolate4    --------  
#age          ,! ,function ( !          
,subjective 9 ,religion4 ,footnote #be  
,footnote #be3 ,?is ,pap] 0 read be=e ! 
,academia ( !      ,ca?olic ,religion1 9
 ,london1 ,june #aa1 #ahfg1 by ,v ,rev4 
,w4      ,h4 ,&]don1 ,d4,d41 ,m4,a4     
,oxon4    ,any "o n a ,ca?olic1 b fairly
 acqua9t$ ) ! *ur*'s  pa/ & pres5t1 if  
he _h to def9e by a t]m h] prevail+  "*1
 w\ld use "s su* ^w z un*angeable4 ,he  
might use x ) admiration1 z hi/orians h 
done2 or )  vexation & ang]1 z          
controv]siali/s d4 ,he might reg>d x  z 
a quality t rais$ ! *ur* above1 or kept 
x beh9d !  age2 made x v5]able & noble1 
or depriv$ x ( all  progressive & free  
_s4 ,b1 ) evil report or good  report1 &
 9 :atev] contra/ ) ! communions ar\nd  
x1  :i* rise & fall1 are modifi$ & melt 

away1 he w\ld confess  ! *ur* to be     
un*angeable4    ,! ,ca?olic accepts ?is 
/atem5t1 & completes x by add+  ! cause 
( ! *ur*'s pret]natural sam5ess4 ,he    
calls x  ! pill> & gr\nd ( ! tru?2 !    
p]petual home &  impregnable =tress ( ! 
div9e revelation4 ,!  *>act]i/ics ( ! "o
 fai?1 he says1 foll[ ^? ( !  "o ,"l1 z 
! %ad[ att5ds ! sub/ance :i* projects x4
  ,! my/ical sp\se is immutable 9 fai? &
 morality1 because  ) h] div9e ,"l !re  
is no *ange nor %ad[ (  vicissitude4 ,! 
passage ( c5turies1 phases ( human      
society1  rise1 progress1 & dissolution 
( !ories & religi\s  op9ions leave h]   
:]e !y f\nd h]2 because ,jesus ,*ri/ is 
ye/]day & to-day1 & ! same =ev]4 ,tempus
 non  occurrit ,ecclesiae2 because ,he  
is ,alpha & ,omega1 !  beg9n+ & ! end1  
:o inhabite? et]nity4    ,?is is b to   
say t religion is ess5tially objective4 
,religion1 if true1 is div9e2 if div9e1 
above ! recipi5t2 if  above him1        
au?oritative2 if au?oritative1 ov] him1 
un9flu5c$ by him4 ,x is ! m\ld & matrix 

9 :i* he is to  be ca/ & receive %ape2 n
 ! mat]ial on :i* 8 m9d is  to "w by    
process ( individual judgm5t4 ,?is      
objective  "* ent]s s completely into ! 
idea ( revelation1 t  ! wond] is1 h[ !  
t]m private judgm5t %\ld h f\nd  place 9
 ! language ( pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians4 ,:5 did
 x  arise8 ,:o 0 its au?or8 ,0 x        
pre-,lu!ran8 ,may we n r  say1 x 0      
pre-,adamite8 ,he :o l$ our p>5ts a/ray 
9  ,p>adise1 by a sugge/ion ( private   
judgm5t1 _h already  inaugurat$ :at he  
has s9ce taught m5 to call ! "r (       
ex]cis+ x1 :5 he revolt$ aga9/ ! =esight
 giv5 to  him ( 8 ,mak]'s future        
inc>nation4 ,& ! apo/le1 m  closely to  
our po9t1 condemns all subjective       
religi\s op9ions  :5 he says1 ,if ?\    
judge ! law1 ?\ art n a do] ( !  law1 b 
a judge4 ,to judge implies sup]iority ( 
intellig5ce1  bett] means ( kn[+1 & !   
capacity ( a tea*]3 to le>n  is !       
ackn[l$gm5t ( inf]iority1 & ! submission
 (  desir+ to receive4 ,b if revelation 
c\ld be modifi$ by !  m9d ( ! receiv]1 t

 is1 if fai? c\ld be subjective1 !      
disciple w\ld be exalt$ into a critic1 &
 private judgm5t  w\ld occupy ! position
 ( fai?4 ,! do] ( ! law & !  judge w\ld 
*ange places4 ,?is breaks up ! :ole     
tribunal1  & implies a revolt aga9/ !   
prim>y au?ority ( revelation4    #agf   
,h5ce1 no?+ is m common ) u ?an to say1 
t !  revelation :i* comes f ,god1 & is  
propos$ by ! *ur*1  admits ( no         
criticism %ort ( absolute rejection4 ,to
 "o1  inde$1 :o has nev] yet receiv$ ?is
 full revelation1 to  criticise is a    
necess>y act1 & lies on ! way t[>d      
accept+4 ,! case ( ! ,b]eans is "h 9    
po9t1 & ( ^?  ,a!nians :o believ$ :5 ,/4
 ,paul prea*$ on ,m>s' ,hill4           
,dionysius ! ,areopagite & ,dam>is      
criticis$ equally ) !  ,epicureans &    
,/oics1 to %[ ! apo/le 0 a babbl]2  ?\gh
 ) a diff]5t result4 ,b to "o :o has    
inh]it$ !  fai?1 or has be5 br\ght by   
private judgm5t1 guid$ by !  notes ( !  
*ur*1 :i* are preambula fidei1 up to !  
?re%old1 & !n by an act ( sup]natural   

belief has pass$  )91 e aft]-criticism  
means rejection4 ,true religion mu/  ev]
 refuse to be treat$ by its disciples z 
op9ion4 ,if fai?1  x is n op9ion2 if x 7
 op9ion1 x w\ld cease to be  fai?4 ,!   
*oice z to revelation is a simple       
alt]native3  accept ! :ole & believe2   
reject ! :ole & disbelieve4  ,ou        
,ca?olique1 ou ,di/e1 z ,fnlon said long
 ago4    ,no "o1 !n1 c reta9 8 ,ca?olic 
s5se1 & speak (  accommodat+ fai?1 or   
subjective religion4 ,we h lately he>d  
"o voice f out ( doors utt]+ incoh]5t   
words ab\t a  maximum & a m9imum1 :i*   
are suppos$ to h "s  undef9$ po9t (     
junction & cohesion4 ,footnote #bf ,b   
su*  invitations & embassies ( peace    
s\nd to u l ! unc\?  attempts ( !       
,?racian ambassador1 9 ! anci5t com$y1  
to  expla9 9 some?+ l ,greek a message  
into :i* 8 native  tongue l>gely ent]s4 
,x is h>d to make su* a =eign dialect   
intelligible to ^? :o are accu/om$ to ! 
pure ,attic ( !  *ur*'s voice4          
,footnote #bf3 ,dr4 ,pusey lately1 9 a  

lett] to "o ( !      public newspap]s1  
report$ a conv]sation :i* he _h held    
) a =eign layman1 :o express$ 8 op9ion t
 !      ,anglican maximum & ! ,ca?olic  
m9imum might      be f\nd to co9cide    
suffici5tly to =m ! basis ( "s      k9d 
( union4 ,9 8 ,eir5icon1 also1 pp4 #ag1 
#ah1 he      quotes "s words f ,du ,p91 
,dr4 ,doyle1 an ano!r1 9      pro( ( :at
 he calls ! l>ge-he>t$ /atem5ts ( ,roman
      ,ca?olics ( o!r days4    ,s f> we 
h advanc$ by negation4 ,!re c be no?+   
subjective 9 a revelation prop\nd$ by   
omnisci5ce1 & ?r\gh  an infallible      
organ4 ,to suppose criticism or         
modification (  dogma 9 ! m9d ( !       
recipi5t1 is l suppos+ motion  dur+ a   
process ( photography1 or (             
cry/allization4 ,x  implies free ag5cy  
inde$2 b x de/roys ! tru? &  accuracy ( 
! :ole process4 ,be /ill1 & see t ,i am 
,god4  ,9 ?is /illness1 :i* is          
passiv5ess 9 "o s5se1 & ?is  intuitive  
gaze ^u tru?s reveal$1 consi/s ! high   
pr]ogative ( fai?4 ,?is =ms its noble   

attribute1 & lifts  x to a sov]eignty   
ov] all o!r acts ( ! human  intellig5ce4
    ,on ! o!r h&1 :at place is to be    
f\nd 9 true religion =  ! subjective    
pr9ciple8 ,9 :at dep>tm5t does or c  !  
,ca?olic sy/em adapt itself to !        
manifold div]sities  betwe5 m51 ent]    
into _! idiosyncrasies1 & speak to !m   
individually8 ,c x become to ea* ( u !  
p]sonal &  intimate ?+1 :i* may conv]se 
) u z a fri5d :ile we  submit to x z an 
au?oritative guide8 ,does x take acc\nt 
(  me1 ) my turn ( "* & peculi> ne$s1   
:ile x  promulgates canons & def9itions 
= my acceptance1 9 common  ) ! two      
hundr$ millions :o own its sway8 ,grant$
 t  ,ca?olicity is objective 9 its      
ess5ce1 is x subjective 9 any  ( its    
qualities or manife/ations8    #agg     
,to see ! bread? ( ?is "q1 x %\ld be    
view$ 9  connection ) ! ackn[l$g$ ne$s (
 human nature4 ,! fir/  requisite to a  
s\l is tru?2 & x may be said1 its fir/  
act  is an act ( desire aft] tru?1 ev5  
ab/ract4 ,b z prim>y1  too1 is man's ne$

 ( "s "o above himself to inspire a     
rev]5tial & a p]sonal love4 ,9 ord] to  
love1 inde$1 he  mu/ fir/ "k2 = nei!r w 
nor affections c g =?  t[>d ! utt]ly    
unkn[n4 ,/ill1 9 religi\s tru?1 love is 
! p]fection ( k4 ,! end ( ! comm&m5t is 
*>ity1 f a pure he>t1 & a good          
consci5ce1 & an  unfeign$ fai?4 ,we are 
creat$1 n l ! heav5ly bodies1  to move  
by un]r+ laws2 nor l plants1 to receive 
=m &  t9cture undi/+ui%ably1 specim5 f  
specim52 nor l !  inf]ior ord]s ( animal
 life1 t build1 migrate1 seek _!  prey1 
by an in/9ct inh]it$ & inv>iable4 ,man  
is a creature  ( idiosyncrasies4 ,8     
?\ghts1 ta/es1 & b5t1 8 mode (          
appreh5d+ tru?s recogniz$ & believ$1    
assimilat+ !m  into himself1 & develop+ 
!m 9 action1 con/itute ea*  individual a
 be+ div]se1 9 all t c be subjective1  f
 8 bro!r & ne>e/ fri5d4 ,9 all t c be   
subjective3 = ! v turn ( ^! rem>ks w %[ 
t ,i  w\ld c>efully gu>d myself )9 !    
limits ( t  expression4 ,n[1 ! true     
religion appeals to man z man2 & is     

h]e9 di/+ui%$ f e o!r1 :i* addresses a  
side or  a section only ( ! human "* &  
ne$s4 ,! _s (  true religion is nei!r ! 
pseudo-en?usiasm ( !  non-con=mi/1 nor !
 surface-uni=mity ( ! e/abli%m5t1  nor !
 false my/icism ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds4 
,h] appeal1  l h]self1 is ,ca?olic3 to !
 f\r qu>t]s ( ! globe1 to  ! race t     
peoples e>? & occupies ages1 & = :om    
,*ri/ di$4    ,:ile1 !re=e1 religion    
exacts ! unque/ion+ ass5t (  all1 :atev]
 _! antec$5t sy/ems1 modes ( ?\ght1 or  
tra9+1 we might expect ev5 be=eh& t %e  
w\ld come  ) "s adaptive p[] t w\ld     
appeal to ea*4 ,objective to  !         
intellig5ce & fai?1 we are p]mitt$ to   
desire t %e  %\ld also manife/ h]self z 
subjective to ! spiritual  affections4  
,= h] mission is nei!r to r$uce !       
individual  to a ma*9e nor to fuse h]   
multitudes into "o uni=m1  undi/+ui%able
 mass4 ,%e claims _! unres]v$ & int]ior 
ass5t to dogma2 = %e is ! embassadress (
 ! ,mo/  ,high1 s5t into all ! _w1 to   
prea* ! gospel to e  creature4 ,!re are 

no spee*es nor languages :]e t voice  is
 n he>d3 nor any :]e x falt]s or gives  
an unc]ta9  s\nd4 ,b %e w9s ! objects ( 
h] mission1 mean:ile1 "o by  "o1 to     
devotion1 by adapt+ h]self to ! *>act]s 
& specialties ( h] millions & races4 ,! 
*ur* kn[s h[  to modulate h]            
au?oritative tone1 till x s9ks into !   
:isp] ( a "m tea*+ h] *ild to lisp its  
fir/ pray]4    ,we seem n[ to h arriv$  
at ! di/9ction ( :i* we are 9  se>*4 ,x 
is surely no play ( words nor m]e       
subtlety to say  t true religion mu/    
possess bo? ! *>act]i/ics we h  nam$3 x 
mu/ be objective & subjective toge!r4   
,man1 let u  repeat1 f9ds 9 himself a   
tw(old desire to "k & to love4  ,8 great
 desire aft] tru? 0 ! fir/ & prevail+   
temptation "u :i* he fell3 ,y %all be z 
gods1 kn[+  good & evil4  #agh  ,hav+ 9 
8 fall grasp$ at ! %ad[ & let g !       
sub/ance1 he lo/ 8 p]ception ( ! true   
light & 8 hold  ^u ! true love4         
,ignorance & concupisc5ce came 9 toge!r4
  ,b he reta9$ 8 ye>n+ aft] ! two-fold  

inh]itance he  _h ?us =feit$3 an        
attraction to tru? & a ne$ ( love4      
,h5ce ! v>i\s & contradictory sy/ems (  
my?ology :i*  ov]ran ! hea!n _w1 "u _!  
d\ble aspect 7if we may  s use ! t]ms7 (
 doctr9e & devotion4 ,out ( ! dep?s (   
_! debasem5t1 & amid all _!             
extravagance1 !y witness$  to ! agoniz$ 
desire aft] tru? 9 :i*1 says ! apo/le1  
! :ole creation groan$ & travail$ 9 pa9 
toge!r4    ,n[1 :at 0 lo/ 9 ! fir/ ,adam
 has be5 abundantly re/or$  9 ! second4 
,! grace & tru? :i* came by ,jesus ,*ri/
  is ! div9e rem$y = ?is tw(old loss by 
! orig9al fall3  x re/ores light to man1
 ! light ( revelation2 & love1 !        
sup]natural love ( ,div9e ,goodness4 ,x 
is fai? t worke?  by *>ity4 ,& let u    
obs]ve1 betwe5 light & love !re is  an  
obvi\s diff]5ce3 light may be describ$ z
 objective1 love  z subjective2 light is
 univ]sal1 love is p]sonal2 light is    
receiv$ ^u ! eye1 :]eas love spr+s up 9 
! he>t2 &  :ile light is diffus$        
indiscrim9ately1 love v>ies ) !         

individual4 ,9 ! future p]fection ( !   
glorifi$ s\l1 light  & love w be        
comm5surate4 ,:5 he %all appe>1 says !  
apo/le1 we %all be l him2 = we %all see 
him z he is4  ,"h1 9 pilgrimage &       
imp]fection1 ! memb]s ( ! *ur*  militant
 possess ?ree gifts 9 unequal degrees4  
,light is  p]petually out/ripp+ love1 & 
we "k m ?an we practise4  ,/ill1 ! ef=ts
 ( ! *ur* are ev] ex]t$ to pres]ve to   
h] *ildr5 ea* ( ^! great gifts1 light & 
love2 to  p]petuate & ext5d ! "o1 to    
height5 & int5sify !  o!r4 ,%e is !     
light ( ! _w4 ,by h] cre$s1 canons1     
def9itions ( doctr9e1 by h] s*ools (    
!ology1 h]  doctorate & c5sor%ip1 by !  
vigilance ( ! sacr$ (fice1  by !        
p]petual ex]cise ( t in/9ct ( tru? :i*  
is h]  attribute & inh]itance1 %e       
pres]ves1 :ole & undefil$1  ! fai? once 
deliv]$ to ! sa9ts4 ,h] multipli$       
pray]s1  ea* enri*$ ) its special       
indulg5ce1 v>i\s1 yet bl5d+  9 "o h>mony
 & "o :ole l ! *ords ( a lute or !      
fl[]s 9 a p>t]re1 provide abundantly n =

 ! m]e &  absolute ne$s ( h] *ildr5's   
s\ls1 b1 moreov]1 = :at  may be call$ _!
 religi\s ta/es & special turn (        
devotion4 ,= example1 ! fai?ful laity   
are invit$1 if !y  h an attraction = x1 
to unite ) h] cl]gy & religi\s  9 recit+
 ! canonical h\rs1 :i* =m h] *ief pray]4
  ,?is is _! common pray]-book1 if y w2 
b common only  to ^? :o pref] to        
communicate 9 x4 ,to o!rs ( a  diff]5t  
attraction1 !re is /ill supply = ! dem&4
    ,we ne$ only transport ourselves    
into ! he>t ( "s great  ,ca?olic city1  
to see ) :at unre/ra9$ v>iety our bre?r5
  ( ! "o communion unite 9 pray]4 ,let u
 g to ,rome1 !  "m ( u all1 ! he>t &    
c5tre ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 t  great seat &   
organ ( life1 ( vital functions & w>m?1 
^: pulsations ?rill to ! extremities ( !
 my/ical body1  :at is practically go+  
on8 :at meets ! eye & e>8 ,y  pass "u ! 
walls ( "s mona/ic *oir1 f :i* ! deep   
voices ( a score ( monks or ! sl5d]]    
tones ( cloi/]$  nuns arre/ y4  #agi    
,!y h be5 tra9$1 n by art1 b simply by  

long practice  ( unit$ pray]1 to recite 
! div9e (fice1 z if !irs 7  n sev]al    
voices bl5d+1 nor sev]al intellig5ces & 
s\ls  wov51 9 a devotion1 b1 l ! e>ly   
*ur*1 "o he>t &  "o s\l4 ,y ent]2 x is n
 9 ! retro*oir alone1 nor  beh9d !      
grate1 t ! "w ( pray] & praise is go+   
on4  ,! *ur* is m or less fill$ =       
vesp]s2 x is a fea/day2  & a c]ta9      
proportion1 ) _! vesp]-books 9 ! anci5t 
language or 9 _! own famili> tongue1    
foll[ ! words4 ,a  secul> prie/ has     
turn$ 9 at ! op5 door1 on 8 way to "s   
avocation1 & is :isp]+ ano!r portion ( 8
 brevi>y4  ,ne> him kneels a *ild say+ !
 p5ance = its la/  confession1 or an old
 woman ) h] beads4 ,o!rs exam9e _!      
consci5ces & make _! acts ( contrition1 
= !  confessionals w be occupi$ :5      
vesp]s are ov]4 ,?r\gh\t  ! nave move   
?ree or f\r1 quietly foll[+ ! /ations ( 
! cross4 ,on ?is side is an alt> to !   
sacr$ he>t2 a memb]  ( ! confrat]nity   
kneels be=e x3 he is say+ "s ( !  pray]s
 indulg5c$ = t devotion4 ,a *ildless "m 

)  sl[ /eps passes on to pray = h] dead 
*ild at ! alt> =  ! s\ls 9 purgatory4   
,%e does n di/ract o!rs !re1 :o  are    
pray+ = _! p>5ts1 or = ! poor s\ls 9    
g5]al1  or ! mo/ ab&on$1 ! mo/ ri* 9    
m]its1 or ! ne>e/ to  its release4 ,h]  
next neighbor (f]s up h] own sick *ild  
to an  image ( ! ,"m ( ,compassion4 ,y  
make way = a small  tradesman leav+ !   
*ur* = 8 ev5+ meal2 he w !n  ha/5 to    
take 8 h\rs ( night-wat*+ & pray] 9 "s  
clos$ sanctu>y1 be=e ! ,mo/ ,holy1      
expos$ day & night =  ! ,qu>ant' ore4   
,by 8 side1 %>+ 8 night-wat*1  w kneel a
 nobleman ( ance/ral "n1 ^: family has  
furni%$ popes to ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,^! two 
m5 are memb]s  toge!r ( ! association = 
p]petually ador+ ! ,bless$  ,sacram5t2 &
 !y meet !re be=e ! ,supreme1 9 ! true  
lib]ty1 equality1 frat]nity :i* ! _w    
aims at & !  *ur* alone produces4 ,:at  
is t s\nd ( hymns com+ d[n  ! /reet8 ,a 
procession head$ by a c>d9al be>+ a l>ge
 &  rude cross3 he is foll[$ by ! bro!rs
 ( ano!r di/9ct  confrat]nity1 ! lov]s (

 ,jesus & ,m>y1 & a miscellany  ( dev\t 
p4 ,!y are on _! way to ! ,colosseum1   
:]e  !y1 too1 w make ! /ations ( !      
cross1 & *ant _!  he>ty & almo/         
passionate /rophes ( contrition 9 ! old 
consecrat$ amphi!atre4 ,all is movem5t1 
all is affectionate  lib]ty1 w>m?1 &    
ease4 ,y turn into any *ur* t occurs1  &
 transport y\r *air f "p to "p ( !      
build+2 =  y are free ( ! :ole by !     
bir?right ( y\r baptism into  ! "o body4
 ,g f ?is alt> to t2 range1 z x 71 up  &
 d[n ! cre$1 n[ 9 m$itation1 n[ 9 vocal 
pray]1 n[  alone ) ,god1 n[ *e]$ on &   
animat$ by ! pres5ce (  ^? :o pray ) y4 
,n[ x is latria1 n[  hyp]dulia2 n[ aga9 
dulia1 !n back aga9 to  latria2 !n      
contemplation1 !n any ( ! =m]  resum$4  
,y\r gu>dian angel is at y\r side2 y    
recognize x  & address him4 ,y\r patron 
sa9t1 ! patrons ( y\r fri5ds  = :om y   
are anxi\s1 ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,joseph1 our 
,lady2 &  ! ,div9e ,gue/ 9 ! tab]nacle2 
all are !re1 ea* 7if ,i may  say x7     
await+ y 9 turn4  #ahj  ,:atev] ! feel+ 

( ! mom5t1 or y\r b5t ( "*1 or  special 
ne$s1 !re is y\r ye>n+ met1 & y\r s\l's 
food  & rem$y suppli$4 ,?\ did/ fe$ ?y p
 ) ! food (  angels1 & gave/ !m bread f 
heav51 prep>$ )\t  labor2 hav+ 9 x all t
 is delici\s1 & ! sweetness  ( e ta/e4  
,= ?y su/5ance %[$ ?y sweetness to  ?y  
*ildr51 &1 s]v+ e man's w1 x 0 turn$ to 
:at e man lik$4 ,footnote #bg ,& ?is    
unity 9 v>iety1  ?is ela/icity & fre$om1
 *ange1 & appropriation1 &  tru/ful     
individuality1 is x or is x n !  ,greek 
text  :i* ! apo/le recomm5ds8           
,footnote #bg3 ,wisd4 xvi4 #bj1 #ba4    
,ris+1 aga91 f ! manifold devotions     
pursu$ by !  fai?ful = !mselves to t 9  
:i* ! prie/ /&s =  !m all 9 ! mo/ holy  
place1 ! c5tral devotion r\nd :i*  all  
o!rs revolve1 ! adorable sacrifice (    
,mass1 we see !  same unity 9 ! same    
v>iety4 ,!re is /ill a subjective       
action ( ! individual he>t1 gr\nd$ on an
 objective dogma  embrac$ by all4 ,fai? 
& love are co9cid5t2 we adore 9 our  own
 way :at is indep5d5t ( our adoration1  

?\gh pres5t$ to  x4 ,! words ,i am ab\t 
to quote are put 9 ! lips ( "o :o  is   
def5d+ ! fai?1 newly f\nd by him1 aga9/ 
! objection  ( "s ( 8 =m] fri5ds t !    
,mass is a =mal1  unreasonable s]vice4  
,to me1 he answ]s1 no?+ is s consol+1 s 
pi]c+1 s  ?rill+1 s ov]com+1 z ! ,mass1 
said z x is among u4 ,i  c\ld att5d     
,masses = ev] & n be tir$4 ,x is n a m]e
  =m ( words--x is a great action1 !    
greate/ action t c  be on e>?4 ,x is n !
 invocation m]ely1 b1 if ,i d>e use  !  
^w1 ! evocation ( ! ,et]nal4 ,he becomes
 pres5t on !  alt> 9 fle% & blood1 be=e 
:om angels b[ & devils  tremble4 ,?is is
 t awful ev5t :i* is ! scope & !        
int]pretation ( e "p ( ! solemnity4     
,words are  necess>y1 b z means1 n z    
ends4 ,!y are n m]e addresses  to !     
?rone ( grace2 !y are in/rum5ts ( :at is
 f>  high]1 ( consecration1 ( sacrifice4
 ,!y hurry on1 z if  impati5t to fulfil 
_! mission4 ,quickly !y g3 ! :ole is    
quick2 = !y are p>ts ( "o integral      
action4 ,quickly !y  g2 = !y are awful  

words ( sacrifice3 !y are a "w too      
great to delay ^u4 ,quickly !y pass2    
because1 z ! lightn+  :i* %9e? f "o "p (
 ! heav5 to ! o!r1 s is !  com+ ( ! ,son
 ( ,man4 444 ,z ,moses on ! m\nta91 s we
 too  'make ha/e & b[ our heads to !    
e>?1 & adore4' ,s we1  all ar\nd1 ea* 9 
8 place1 look out = ! great adv5t1      
'wait+ = ! mov+ ( ! wat]4' ,ea* 9 8     
place1 )  8 own he>t1 ) 8 own wants1 ) 8
 own ?\ghts1 )  8 own int5tion1 ) 8 own 
pray]s1 sep>ate b concordant1  wat*+ :at
 is go+ on1 wat*+ its progress1 unit+ 9 
its  consummation2 n pa9fully &         
hopelessly foll[+ a h>d =m  ( pray] f   
beg9n+ to end1 b1 l a conc]t ( musical  
in/rum5ts1 ea* diff]5t1 b concurr+ 9 a  
sweet h>mony1  we take our "p ) ,god's  
prie/1 support+ him1 & yet  guid$ by    
him4 ,!re are little *ildr5 !re1 & old  
m51 &  simple labor]s1 & /ud5ts 9       
sem9>ies1 prie/s prep>+  = ,mass1 prie/s
 mak+ _! ?anksgiv+2 !re are innoc5t     
maid5s1 & !re are p5it5t s9n]s2 b out ( 
^! _m  m9ds rises "o eu*>i/ic hymn1 & ! 

great action is !  measure & ! scope (  
x4 ,footnote #bh        ,footnote #bh3  
,newman's ,loss & ,ga91 pp4 #bfe-g4     
#aha    ,?is union ( a *angeless cre$ ) 
an adaptive devotional  sy/em1 (        
dogmatic au?ority ) ela/icity & play1 & 
(  unque/ion+ submission ) ! free/      
*oice1 has "o obvi\s  consequ5ce4 ,x    
r5d]s ! *ur* un9telligible to ! _w1  &  
to all pr(essors ( ! _w's _m religions4 
,a casual  obs]v]1 look+ on ! ,ca?olic  
sy/em f )\t its pale1  is at a loss to  
reconcile attributes :i* to him appe>   
inconsi/5t4 ,:y1 he asks1 %\ld ! *ur* be
 s unsw]v+  "u "o aspect1 yet s pliant  
"u ano!r8 ,if %e w n  yield "o jot or   
tittle ( doctr9e1 :y all[ s l>ge an     
oscillation 9 =ms ( devotion8 or1 if %e 
aims at  accommodat+ & condesc5d+ 9 !   
latt]1 :y rema9  inflexible 9 ! =m]8 ,he
 w\ld p]haps add3 ,! ,ca?olic  sy/em has
 advantages ov] o!rs 9 virtue ( ?is h]  
_s (  adaptation1 s f> z x rea*es4 ,b x 
is p>tial6 ,! same  economy &           
consultation = individual m9ds %\ld     

ext5d into  ! sph]e ( its dogma2 !n ! "*
 ( ! *ur* w\ld  be consi/5t1 its        
response to ! dem&s ( ! age w\ld be     
satisfactory1 & its triumph might be    
complete4    ,we are "h only conc]n$ )  
"o side ( ?is suppos$  !ori/'s          
difficulty4 ,! answ] is surely z foll[s3
      #a4 ,on "o h&1 ! *ur* is          
objective1 or :at he w\ld call          
unaccommodat+ 9 h] tea*+1 because %e is 
! gu>dian    & depository ( sup]natural 
tru?4 ,all tru? is objective1    because
 x is ! reflection ( ! m9d ( ,god1 & !  
subject-matt] ( 8 revelation4 ,h5ce1 9  
spite ( !    infidel's s>casm t betwe5  
,homo\sion & ,homoi\sion !re    is b an 
iota1 & an iota 7he adds7 t divides !   
,*ri/ian _w1 ! *ur* w nei!r add to nor  
take f    ! =m ( s\nd words committ$ to 
h] by t "o small    lett]4 ,t jot1 t    
tittle /&s aga9/ ! return &    salvation
 ( c\ntless s\ls till !y %all !mselves  
erase    x2 = ! "q involv$ is no?+ less 
?an ! fulness    ( ! tru? & revelation (
 ,god4 ,human /atem5ts 9    religion aim

 at a compromise2 ! *ur*1 l ,job "u     
trial1    /ill cont9ues 9 h] simplicity4
 ,!y w\ld avoid extremes2    %e is      
zeal\s = ! full & explicit enunciation (
 !    :ole deposit ( fai?4 ,:atev]      
portions ( dogmatic tea*+    c /ill be  
reta9$1 ap>t f ! fai?1 are 9 con/ant    
process ( dis9tegration & fusion3       
dim9utae sunt    v]itates a filiis      
hom9um4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if    !re c be 
degrees & measures :]e all is ess5tial  
tru?1    ! *ur* may be said to become m 
dogmatic1 & s1 if    possible1 m        
objective1 z h] life proce$s4 ,?is1 x is
    pla91 is a simple result f h] (fice 
( p]petual tea*]2    x is ! fulfilm5t ( 
! prim>y commission1 ,greek text4    ,%e
 mu/ exp& h] tea*+s to ! ne$s ( ! day1 &
 meet    em]g5t h]esies by fre%         
def9itions4 ,h5ce1 to take "s    sali5t 
po9ts hi/ory pres5ts to u1 ! objectivity
 (    ,homo\sion aga9/ ,arius1 (        
,!otokos aga9/    ,ne/orius1 ( ,filioque
 aga9/ ! h]esies ( ! ,ea/1    (         
,transub/antiation aga9/ ,lu!r & o!rs1 (

 !    ,immaculate ,conception 9 our own 
day4    #ahb      #b4 ,all ?is be+ s1 & 
be+ "o great gr\nd ( objection    aga9/ 
! *ur*1 :y is h] sy/em s subjective1 all
    ! :ile1 9 o!r dep>tm5ts8 ,%e seems  
to m5 to err z    mu* on ! o!r side by  
ov]condesc5sion & adaptation4 ,we    ne$
 n l+] ov] su* *>ges z t ( ,macaulay1   
:o1    foll[+ p]haps 9 ! /eps ( !       
,prov9cial    ,lett]s1 accuses c]ta9    
!ologians ( accommodat+ ev5    ! moral  
law to reta9 m5 )9 ! ,ca?olic unity2 z  
?9k+1 unless ,i misquote him1 t1 if a   
man mu/ ne$s be    a lib]t9e1 t 0 no    
reason = 8 be+ a h]etic    besides4 ,an 
impression less hurtful c]ta9ly1 & less 
gratuit\s1 ?\gh equally false1 p]vades  
mu* t we f9d 9    o!r non-,ca?olic      
writ]s4 ,! *ur* seems to !m to lay      
h]self out 9 h] devotional functions1 to
 captivate !    s5ses & ! imag9ation4   
,we might adduce a cat5a (    passages  
to prove ?is impression ( !irs1 f       
controv]siali/s assum+ ! fact & reason+ 
^u x1 d[n    to t\ri/s record+ _!       

p]sonal exp]i5ces ( !    ,cont95t4 ,a   
lead+ article 9 a prom95t j\rnal on "s  
rec5t celebrations at ,b\logne1 &1 ) a  
deep] p]sonal    impression1 !          
descriptions ( newspap] correspond5ts on
 !    late c5t5>y & canonizations 9     
,rome1 contribute _!    quota to swell  
?is great tradition or popul> belief4 ,!
    *ur*1 accord+ to su* !ori/s1 is wide
 en\gh to    comp5sate = ! inflexibility
 ( h] dogma by pliancy1    adaptation1 &
 attractiv5ess 9 all besides4 ,l ! old  
,roman tyrants1 !y w\ld say1 ^: home &  
^: _s %e    has inh]it$1 %e is prodigal 
to h] subjects ( ! ,panem    et         
,circ5ses1 t take (f _! att5tion f !    
?raldom 9 :i* !y are held4 ,!re is a    
/ory (    ,bol+broke be+ pres5t at high 
,mass 9 ! ,*apel ,royal1 9    ,p>is4    
,/ruck ) ! maje/y ( ! function1 he turns
 to a    fri5d & :isp]s1 ,if ,i 7 k+ (  
,france1 ,i w\ld all[    no "o to p]=m  
?is b myself4 ,! anecdote is no unfair  
sample ( ! popul> impression made by    
,ca?olic c]emonies on    ^? :o misund]/&

 !m1 because !y disbelieve !    tru?s   
:i* !y clo!4 ,!y are tak5 to be ! result
 ( a    design & delib]ation to arre/ ! 
imag9ative faculty1 &    ?us to ma9ta9  
supremacy ov] ! w4 ,t ! w owns    !     
*ur*'s supremacy is a pat5t fact2 !     
suppos$ captivity    ( ! imag9ation     
?r\gh eye & e> is1 to su* ?9k]s1    "o  
*ief rationale ( x4 ,%e leads captive1  
!y say1    ! intellect ( h] vot>ies1 b  
%e has ! art to gild    _! *a9s by !    
ri*ness & beauty ( h] c]emonial4    ,to 
consid] ?is ass]tion = a mom5t4 ,may we 
n advance !  direct contr>y8 ,may x n be
 said t1 if1 ap>t f  exp]i5ce1 we 7 to  
speculate on ! probable c]emonies )  :i*
 ! *ur* w\ld surr\nd ! adorable         
sacrifice1 & !  solemn adm9i/ration ( h]
 sacram5ts1 our anticipations w\ld      
outrun :at %e actually has decre$8 ,let 
u in/ance !  c]emonies ( ! ,mass4 ,:at  
is "h t does m ?an  c>ry1 s to say1 !   
great my/]y r\nd :i* !y  clu/]8 ,give x 
z a problem to a political !ori/1 to a  
,bol+broke1 or to a m9i/] ( public      

wor%ip1 to inv5t &  comb9e c]ta9        
c]emonies1 9 ord] to express ! highe/   
act  ( a nation's wor%ip4 ,! function is
 to be "o t %all  symbolize su* a belief
 z ! ,ca?olic belief 9 ! adorable       
sacrifice4 ,i ?9k x may safely be said1 
! result produc$  w\ld be some?+ ( m    
outw>d %[1 m complicat$1 &  m arre/+ to 
! eye & ! imag9ation1 ?an is se5 9  !   
c]emonies ( solemn high ,mass4    #ahc  
,to meet m broadly ! ass]tion t !       
devotional sy/em (  ! *ur* is unduly    
subjective1 t is1 ov]pliant to !        
v>ieties ( h] *ildr54 ,%e condesc5ds1 %e
 adapts h]self1  %e seems to m]e        
spectators to be "o great economy4 ,we  
accept  ! *>ge1 n 9 _! s5se4 ,:y %\ld ! 
*ur* n be s8  ,! *angelessness ( ! fai? 
be+ fir/ secur$1 h] problem  !n is1 !   
greate/ devotion ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,i  
am made  all ?+s to all m51 t ,i might  
by all means save "s4 ,?is  is h]       
mission3 to attract s\ls1 to w9 !m1 & to
 save !m4  ,%e w\ld n attract !m1 7 %e n
 beautiful2 nor ga!r  !m 91 7 %e n      

all-sid$2 nor save ! mass ( !m1 7  %e n 
ela/ic4 ,!re is no /iffness ab\t ! *ur*1
 or %e  w\ld n "w ) bread? & fre$om4 ,x 
is ,/4 ,pet]'s net1  & is drawn1 z !    
prophet says1 ) cords ( ,adam4 ,%e is  n
 antiqu>ian1 or %e w\ld only affect !   
m9d ( ea* age z  a v5]able record or    
curi\s relic ( ! pa/4 ,! *ur* is  n     
primitive1 m$iaeval1 or mod]n2 n        
,celtic1 ,teutonic1  s\!rn1 classical1  
b>b>ian1 ,scy?ian1 bond1 or free1 9 any 
exclusive s5se4 ,%e is simply ,ca?olic2 
t "o title  int]prets all4 ,& be+ ! *ur*
 ( ! great multitude  :i* no man c      
numb]1 ( all nations1 & languages1 &    
peoples1 & tongues1 %e au?orizes _!     
popul> devotions by  sanction &         
p]mission4    ,:5 we grant or ass]t t ! 
*ur* 9 h] devotional aspect  is         
adaptive1 ela/ic1 or 7to return to our  
t]m7 subjective1 :at  is ?is b to say t 
%e has life8 ,life z di/9ct  f ma*9]y1  
/]eotype1 or r\t9e4 ,x is say+ t %e has 
a liv+ intellig5ce1 spiritual in/9ct1 a 
faculty to  discrim9ate betwe5 ess5tials

 & non-ess5tials 9 h]  wor%ip1 & a      
v]satility & a res\rce to apply1 to     
modify1 to  exp& ! non-sacram5tal &     
!re=e accid5tal *annels (  grace to h]  
*ildr54 ,because %e is ?us alive ) !    
indwell+ life ( ! ,p>aclete :o abides ) 
h] = ev]1  & ?us animat$ ) a sup]natural
 wisdom & mat]nal  *>ity1 %e is prompt  
to seize occasions1 & to extemporize    
comb9ations to ! great] glory ( ,god4   
,h]s is an ev]  quick & en]giz+ p[]1    
ex]t$ ov] man z man1 & ov] all  m5      
indiff]5tly4 ,9 ! inspir$ words ( ! wise
 man3 ,be+  b "o1 %e c d all ?+s2 &     
rema9+ 9 h]self !  same1 %e r5ewe? all  
?+s1 & ?r\gh nations conveye?  h]self   
into holy s\ls4 ,wisd4 vii4 #bg4 ,:at ! 
philosoph]  claim$ z be+ man1 %e claims 
z be+ ! *ur* ( m53  ,nihil humanum a me 
ali5um puto4 ,%e raises no "q on  ! =m (
 gov]nm5t or previ\s tra9+1 any m ?an on
 !  clime or color ( ! ,trojans or      
,tyrians )9 h] realm4 ,%e  translates h]
 pray]s1 & imp>ts h] indulg5ces 9 z _m  
tongues z 7 f\nd 9 ,j]usalem on ! day ( 

,p5teco/4 ,9  ! political sph]e %e w    
bless ! bann]s & *ant a ,te  ,deum on ! 
triumphs ( e righte\s cause1 :e!r !     
tricolor & /ripes ( a republic or !     
blazon+s ( an  anci5t mon>*y4 ,& s 9 h] 
devotional elem5t1 f9d+ m  /ability ( "*
 9 "s prov9ces ( h] k+dom1 m  v]satility
 & impulse 9 o!rs1 "s ( h] *ildr5 m     
giv5 to contemplation1 "s to a l>g]     
am\nt ( vocal pray]1  %e accepts ^!     
diff]+ conditions )\t di/urbance or     
hesitation4 ,wise h\sehold] & fai?ful   
/ew>dess1 z !  gospel decl>es h] to be1 
! *ur* br+s out f h]  treasury ?+s new &
 old4  #ahd  ,%e adopts & sanctions e   
new devotion t has be5  inspir$ into h] 
sa9ts3 ! ros>y ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 ! scapul> 
( ,/4 ,simon ,/ock1 ! discipl9e ( ,/4   
,pet] ,damian1 !  m$itations ( ,/4      
,b5$ict1 ! spiritual ex]cises ( ,/4     
,ignatius & 8 sy/ematiz$ me?ods ( pray]4
 ,no?+ is a  dang]\s novelty1 :ile %e   
has in]rancy ( judgm5t4 ,no  dubi\s     
expression or practice c spread1 or ev5 
live1 :ile 9  h] h& is ! sword ( ! ,_s1 

,greek text4 ,no f]vor c  lead to       
ill-regulat$ en?usiasm :ile %e ex]cises 
! tw(old  (fice1 to animate & to        
control4    ,9 direct contra/ ) ?is     
div9e adju/m5t & h>mony /&  !           
arrangem5ts ( t communion 9 ! mid/ ( u  
:i* has  s long claim$ ! title ( a *ur*4
 ,engl&1 z repres5t$ by  h] rul]s1 ?ree 
hundr$ ye>s ago1 break+ f ! c5tre (     
unity1 & dis[n+ e l9k ) ,/4 ,pet]'s     
*air1 isolat$  !nce=w>d & self-conta9$1 
_h be=e h] a ?ree-fold  task4 ,%e 0 to  
extemporize at once doctr9e1 discipl9e1 
&  devotion4 ,! process 0 9 _m ways     
rem>kable4 ,b its *ief  feature = our   
pres5t purpose is "o especial trave/y & 
rev]sal ( ! due ord] ( ?+s :i* 0 !n     
exhibit$4  ,:ile doctr9e1 by ! necessity
 ( ! case1 became subjective1  !        
=mul>ies or common pray] 7 /]eotyp$ or  
froz5  into a =m t 0 well nam$ uni=mity1
 & might 9 a  k9d ( p]v]se s5se be call$
 objective4 ,! ,anglican  communion is !
 re$ :]e ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ! oak2 b   
en revan*e1 %e is /iff & wood5 :]e !    

*ur* is  pliant & t5d]4 ,%e has b5t to e
 brea? ( doctr9e3  !n1 z if 9 tribute to
 ! pr9ciple ( /ability1 has b\nd  d[n h]
 *ildr5 to pray1 at lea/1 by rule4 ,%e  
does n pipe  to !m t !y may dance1 &    
m\rn to !m t !y may  lam5t4 ,!re is no  
modulation 9 h] pa/oral re$2 no *ange ( 
expression 9 h] fix$ uni=mity (         
demeanor4 ,an exception mu/  "h be made 
= ! rituali/ exhibitions ( ^! lat] ye>s2
  b x is an exception :i* proves ! rule4
 ,ritualism is a  prote/ aga9/ ! cold   
negations ( ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,x is 9  turn
 prote/$ aga9/ ) m en]gy by ! indignant 
good  s5se ( ! c\ntry1 &1 s f> z !y     
v5ture1 by !  c\ntry's bi%ops4 ,! cl]gy 
appe> 9 color$ /oles1 & are  met by a   
m&ate to take (f ^? ribbons4            
,decorations mu/ be  remov$ f !         
communion-table be=e consecration ( !   
*ur* c take place4 ,ea* op5+ fl[] is    
nipp$ by !  brea? ( episcopal au?ority1 
',et mox      ,bruma recurrit in]s4     
,n to speak1 !n1 ( ritualism1 b ( !     
g5u9e _s (  ! e/abli%m5t4 ,?is holds !  

ev5 t5or ( its way1  undi/urb$ by signs 
& seasons1 & days & ye>s4 ,!  e/abli%$  
*ur* does n qu5* h] tap]s on ,good      
,friday  because %e does n light !m on  
,ea/] morn+2 has no rubric  = /ripp+ h] 
alt>s1 & gives no enc\ragem5t = _!      
decoration4 ,%e spr9kles no a%es on     
,a%-,w$nesday1 s+s no  alleluias = !    
,resurrection1 lights no c&les1 says no 
,mass  on ,c&elmas4 ,l some?+ le>n$ by  
rote & spok5 by a  ma*9e1 h] m9i/]s     
address _! flocks 9 ! self-same         
language1 :e!r ! morn+ u%] 9 ! annual   
solemn fa/ or  ! que5 ( fe/ivals4 ,_! =m
 mo/ truly /yles itself1 ,!  ,ord] =    
,morn+ & ,ev5+ ,pray]1 daily to be said 
& us$  ?r\gh\t ! ye>4  #ahe  ,?is is !  
objectivity ( ! e/abli%$ *ur*1 z        
au?oriz$  by act ( ,p>liam5t1 hold5 9 ! 
fif? & six? ye>s ( our  said late       
sov]eign "l1 ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,six?1 444 ) !
  alt]ations & additions !re9 add$ &    
appo9t$ by ?is  /atute1 ,primo          
,elizabe?ae4    ,nor 0 ?is /]eotyp$1    
unela/ic me?od optional ) !m4 ,x  0 a   

necessity ( ! position ( ! e/abli%m5t f 
its  beg9n+4 ,hav+ torn d[n ! alt> & set
 up !  read+-desk1 aboli%$ ! daily      
sacrifice1 & made ! lion  & unicorn /& 9
 ! holy place1 conv]t$ ! prie/ into a   
m9i/]1 & succe$$1 "u ! hydraulic        
pressure ( royal  m&ates1 9 =c+ two sets
 ( doctr9es to coexi/ )9 !  space ( "o  
communion1 ! fram]s ( ! new ord] ( ?+s  
_h1 z a *ief "p ( x1 to inv5t a =m (    
pray]4 ,?is =m  mu/ be compreh5sive z to
 doctr9e1 uni=m z to expression2        
subjective 9 ! fir/1 quasi-objective 9 !
 latt]4 ,x 0 to  provide = ,ca?olics 9  
he>t :o _h n =titude =  m>tyrdom1 & =   
hone/ sacram5t>ians kneel+ ) !m at  !   
same communion-rail4 ,aft] sev]al       
alt]ations1 !re=e1 9  :i* ! pres5ce ( ! 
,mo/ ,high 0 affirm$ or d5i$1 &1  z f> z
 man c\ld affect x1 0 re/or$ or tak5    
away1 z n[  a high]1 n[ a l[] s*ool     
prevail$1 ! new religion weld$  toge!r  
two =ms ( adm9i/ration--! ,ca?olic & !  
,zw+lian--& simply left ! *oice (       
doctr9e to !  receiv]4 ,x 0 a process t 

br+s to m9d ! anci5t  puni%m5t ( *a9+ ! 
liv+ prison] to ! corpse ( 8  dead      
comrade2 & ! language ev] s9ce ( ^? 9 ! 
,anglican communion :o h aspir$ aft]    
some?+ ne>] to ,god  ?an a memorial rite
 has be53 ,unhappy man t ,i am1 :o %all 
deliv] me f ! body ( ?is dea?8    ,want 
( space prev5ts our draw+ out a contra/ 
:i* "h  naturally pres5ts itself4 ,x    
w\ld be1 on "o side1 ! solemn  &        
he>t-/irr+ functions ( ! *ur* dur+ h]   
r\nd (  fa/ & fe/ival3 ! day t u%]s 9 h]
 ,l5t1 !  ,gloria hu%$1 organ &         
alleluias sil5t1 ! wail+  ,t5ebrae1 !   
/range1 disjo9t$ ,mass ( !              
pre-sanctifi$ on ,good ,friday1 :i* is  
,calv>y1 ) ! rocks  r5t & ! sun hidd52  
!n ! bur/ ( ,ea/] morn+1 :5  all is     
light & triumph2 or aga91 ! ?ree ,masses
 (  ,*ri/mas1 symbols ( our ,"l's triple
 nativity4 ,^!1 & mu*  t might be add$1 
w\ld =m an epitome ( ,dur&us1  & writ]s 
:o h foll[$ him1 on ! symbolism ( !     
*ur*'s functions4 ,:at w\ld appe> on !  
o!r side8 ,sil5ce  is p]haps its be/    

description1 le/ a ?+ 9 its own nature  
s fe>ful to contemplate z man's attempts
 to create 9  opposition to 8 ,creator  
%\ld pres5t too =cibly its  ludicr\s    
aspect4 ,x does n appe> to h be5 v      
attractive1 ev5 9 its cradle1 to judge f
 ! act1 :i* sets  =? t all & e p]son &  
p]sons 444 %all dilig5tly  & fai?fully  
444 endeavor !mselves to resort to _!   
p>i%  *ur*1 444 :]e common pray] & su*  
s]vice %all be us$1  444 & !n & !re to  
abide ord]ly & sob]ly dur+ !  "t (      
common pray]1 prea*+s1 or o!r s]vice (  
,god !re  to be us$ & m9i/]$1 ^u pa9 (  
puni%m5t by !  c5sures ( ! *ur*1 & also 
^u pa9 t e p]son s  (f5d+ %all =feit = e
 su* (f5ce twelve p5ce1 to  be levi$ by 
! *ur*-w>d5s ( ! p>i% :]e su* (f5ce     
%all be done1 444 ( ! goods1 l&s1 &     
t5em5ts ( su*  (f5d]1 by way ( di/ress4 
#ahf    ,no wond] !y :o love ! e/abli%$ 
*ur* %\ld fix _!  special admiration on 
! feature ( h] simplicity4 ,! act (     
uni=mity en=c$ by ,procru/es 0 z simple 
a process1 &  ) z simple a result4 ,9   

bo? cases1 x 0 a cutt+ d[n1  p>+ away1  
%ort5+1 disjo9t+1 dislocat+4 ,only1 z !y
  :o decre$ ! =m & measurem5ts ( ! new  
religion1 unlike  ,procru/es1 _h to     
recon/ruct z well z simply to wr5* &    
amputate1 !y add$ t o!r process to _!   
labor2 & "u  difficulties :i* h excit$ !
 compassion ( _! disciples  9 all lat]  
"t = a sy/em ( !ology & !ological       
devotion is z complex & delicate1 to say
 ! lea/1 z !  human frame3 y _c give    
back ! s9ews & organs y h  remov$1 nor  
re/ore action to ! jo9ts y h sund]$4 ,we
  h liv$ to see ! result ( su* simplify+
 z w5t on 9  ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,aft] a  
c>e] :i* has giv5 "t =  irreconcilable  
s*ools to exhibit _! full div]g5ce1 !   
communion s arrang$ seems likely to fall
 to pieces on ! v  "q ( ritualism4 ,we  
nev]1 sir1 says a popul> cl]ical  writ] 
to ! ,times newspap]1 we nev] %all h    
peace  aga9 9 ! *ur* until "s pla9 ord] 
( conduct+ !  s]vice is made m or less  
imp]ative1 confus$ rubrics relaid  d[n 9
 cle> language1 & "s c\rt e/abli%$1 easy

 (  access1 *eap1 & spe$y 9 process1 by 
:i* x may be  adjudg$1 z well 9 ! case (
 cl]gy z ( bi%ops1 :e!r  ! p>ties accus$
 ( false tea*+ or false practice are    
guilty accord+ to a rational1 legal     
int]pretation ( our  =mul>ies 9 ! _s 9  
:i* = ?ree c5turies !y h  be5 conduct$4 
,footnote #bi        ,footnote #bi3     
,s4,g4,o4 9 ! ,london ,times1 ,june #aj1
 #ahfg4    ,! simplicity ( ! *ur* (     
,engl& has /e]$ too precise a  mean     
betwe5 ! symbolism & sugge/ive c]emonies
 ( !  *ur* t believes1 & ! abs5ce ( all 
=m on ! "p (  ^? :o d n4 ,h] preamble1 (
 c]emonies1 :y "s be  aboli%$ & "s      
reta9$1 l o!r compromises1 aims at      
pleas+ ev]ybody & ends 9 pleas+ no "o4  
,) "o p>ty1  z ,milton says 9 an        
expressive l9e1      ,new ,presbyt] is b
 old prie/ writ l>ge4    ,) ! o!r1 !    
m9i/] mu/ be a prie/1 ! communion1      
,mass1 & ! ,ca?olic s]vice re/or$4 ,?is 
comes ( inv5t+  a religion 9 a hurry1   
pat*+ up a provisional gov]nm5t by      
rebels :o h dis[n$ a "t-honor$ ?rone4   

,?is comes (  array+ "o's self 9 ! %r$s 
( :at "o's self has r5t  f ! seamless   
g>m5t4 ,s mu* = aim+ at :at a prelate  (
 t communion has rec5tly call$ a        
satisfy+ am\nt (  ritual1 :i* is to clo!
 no idea1 /& = no?+ beyond  itself1 &   
soo! ! s5ses )\t appeal+ to ! fai?4 ,s  
mu* = ! arrogance ( decid+ t ! godly &  
dec5t  ord] ( ! anci5t fa!rs _h be5     
alt]$1 brok51 &  neglect$1 by plant+ 9  
unc]ta9 /ories & leg5ds1 ) a  multitude 
( responds1 v]ses1 va9 repetitions1     
commemorations1  & synodals2 n to speak 
( ! h>dness ( ! rules call$  ! ,pie1 & !
 manifold *ang+s ( ! s]vice4    ,we %all
 wait to see ! result ( t satisfy+ am\nt
 (  ritual 9 :i* x is propos$ to inve/ a
 s]vice purely  ,prote/ant2 :]eab\t on !
 scale ! satisfaction is to be  plac$1 &
 s1 :om x is int5d$ to satisfy4 ,"o     
ritual sy/em  alone has a gift f heav5  
to answ] & fulfil ! ye>n+s  ( ! s\l4    
#ahg  ,"o act ( uni=mity alone is wor?y 
( a ?\ght to !  wor%ipp]4 ,! cre$       
rehe>ses x3 ,i pr(ess t !re are  truly &

 prop]ly sev5 sacram5ts ( ! new law     
in/itut$ by  our ,"l1 & necess>y = !    
salvation ( mank9d4 ,!n1 ,i  also       
receive & admit ! receiv$ & approv$     
c]emonies (  ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! solemn
 adm9i/ration ( ! a=esaid  sacram5ts4 ,x
 is to express ! invisible1 & to f5ce   
r\nd  :at is all sacr$1 & to respond by 
! tribute ( man to !  gift ( ,god1 t !  
*ur* has orda9$ ^! details ( beauty  &  
solemnity4 ,x is ess5tially z an homage 
& a rev]5ce to  h] ,"l4 ,?is does n     
contradict :at has be5 said above  ei!r 
( ! v>iety or ( ! adaptive "* ( ,ca?olic
  devotions4 ,= we are "h speak+ n (    
devotions z voices (  human expression  
t[>d ,god1 b ( sacram5ts1 ! *annels (  8
 communications ) man4    ,let me n[    
only m5tion two o!r *ief in/ances ( !   
subjectivity ( ! *ur*'s deal+s ) h]     
*ildr54 ,!  :ole !ory1 !n1 ( int5tions 9
 pray] is a pro( ( !  adaptive "* (     
,ca?olic devotion4 ,! ,pat]1 ,ave1      
,gloria1 ,cr$o1 ! ,v5i ,creator1        
,mis]]e1 ,memor>e1 ^!  are1 z x 71 s _m 

notes 9 ! *ur*'s scale4 ,let me "h      
adopt1 ?\gh ,i %\ld also modify1 ! words
 ( a great writ]  on a k9dr$ subject4   
,!y apply1 p>tly at lea/1 to t on  :i*  
our ?\ghts are turn$3      ,!re are sev5
 notes 9 ! scale2 make !m ?irte51 yet   
:at a sl5d] outfit = s va/ an ent]prise6
 ,:at sci5ce    br+s s mu* out ( s      
little8 ,out ( :at poor elem5ts does    
"s great ma/] 9 x create 8 new _w6 ,%all
 we say t    all ?is exub]ant           
inv5tiv5ess is a m]e +5uity or trick    
( art1 l "s game or fa%ion ( ! day1 )\t 
reality1    )\t mean+8 ,we may d s2 &   
!n1 p]haps1 we %all also    acc\nt !    
sci5ce ( !ology to be a matt] ( words2  
yet1    z !re is a div9ity 9 ! !ology ( 
! *ur* :i*    ^? :o feel _c communicate1
 s is !re also 9 !    wond]ful creation 
( sublimity & beauty ( :i* ,i am        
speak+4 444 ,is x possible t t          
inexhau/ible evolution    & disposition 
( notes1 s ri* yet s simple1 s intricate
    yet s regulat$1 s v>i\s yet s       
maje/ic1 %\ld be a m]e    s\nd1 :i* is  

gone & p]i%es8 ,c x be t ^?    my/]i\s  
/irr+s ( he>t1 & ke5 emotions1 & /range 
ye>n+s aft] we "k n :at1 & awful        
impressions f we    "k n :5ce1 %\ld be  
wr\ght 9 u by :at is    unsub/antial1 & 
comes & goes1 & beg9s & ends 9          
itself8 444 ,no2 !y h escap$ f "s high] 
sph]e2 444    !y are e*oes f our home2  
!y are ! voice ( angels1 or    !        
,magnificat ( sa9ts1 or ! liv+ laws (   
div9e    gov]nance1 or ! div9e          
attributes2 some?+ are !y    besides    
!mselves1 :i* we _c compass1 :i* we _c  
utt]4 ,footnote #cj        ,footnote    
#cj3 ,newman's ,s]mons be=e ! ,univ]sity
 (      ,ox=d4 #b;d edition1 pp4 #cdi1  
#cej4    ,! beauty ( ?is extract1 f     
p]haps "o ( ! greate/  passages ( its   
em95t au?or1 may be my apology = its    
l5g?4  ,:at ,dr4 ,newman "h says ( !    
evolution ( musical h>mony  f simple    
elem5ts may be appli$ to ! va/ fabric ( 
int5tions1 rea*+ to no less ?an ?ree    
worlds1 ! *ur*  militant1 triumphant1 & 
purify+1 :i* we are taught to build  out

 ( su* few brief pray]s z a *ild might  
utt]4    #ahh    ,once m3 ! v>iety ( !  
religi\s ord]s1 congregations1          
in/itutes1 exi/+ 9 ! *ur*1 & m>k$ by h] 
approval1  af=d a fur!r pro( ( h]       
adaptation to ! v>i\s ne$s &  *>act]s ( 
m54 ,! sy/em :i* recognizes ! sanctity (
  m>riage by elevat+ x to ! rank ( a    
sacram5t proclaims  also ! sup]iority ( 
! be/ "p *os5 by ,m>y1 :i*  %all n be   
tak5 f h]2 &1 )9 ?is fir/ great         
pr9ciple ( classification among ! *ur*'s
 *ildr51  sep>at+ betwe5 ! secul> & !   
religi\s life1 &  /rictly subjective 9 !
 s5se 9 :i* ! ^w has "h be5  us$1 we f9d
 an almo/ endless div]sity ( :at are    
te*nically  call$ religions4 ,! cloi/]$ 
& ! uncloi/]$2 &  among ! =m]1 !        
eremitic & ! conv5tual1 ) _!            
subdivisions2 among ! latt]1 a devotion 
special &  conc5trat$ ^u e malady to :i*
 man is heir4 ,bro!rs (  ! hospitals1   
bro!rs ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 communities  
devot$ to ! lep]1 ! lunatic1 ! ord9>y   
sick1 !  hopelessly diseas$1 ! poor z   

su*1 ! "y1 ! orphan1 !  ignorant1 ! upp]
 classes1 ! middle rank1 ! homeless     
paup]1 ! pilgrim1 ! p5it5t1 ! convict1 !
 galley-slave1  ! felon condemn$ to die4
    ,?is v glory ( ! ,k+'s daught]1 h]  
beauty 9 ! v>iety  ) :i* %e is surr\nd$1
 ! subjective provisions %e makes  = ea*
 ( h] *ildr5 call$ to religion1 has be5 
made by  writ]s ( m ?an common %all[ness
 an argum5t aga9/ h]  unity4 ,x is      
difficult to treat ) gravity a di/ortion
 ( !  tru? s p]v]se4 ,look1 says a      
plat=m orator--look at !  divisions ( ! 
,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,%e taunts u ) our       
diss5sions4 ,x is true1 we h our high   
*ur*1 & our l[1  & our broad2 !re are ^?
 among/ u :o hold !  sacram5tal         
pr9ciple1 & ^? :o d5y x4 ,b ,rome1 too1 
has  h] divisions1 z deep & z           
fundam5tal4 ,has %e n h]  ,franciscans &
 h] ,dom9icans1 h] ,b5$ict9es & h]      
,secul>s1 h] ,jesuits1 & ,i "k n :o     
besides8 ,h n h]  religi\s ord]s & h]   
secul> canons1 9 times pa/1 c>v$        
grotesque c>icatures ( ea* o!r 9 !      

g>goyles &  mis]]es ( _! respective     
*ur*es8 ,& yet1 ) h]  *>act]i/ic        
effront]y1 %e d>es to tell u t %e is "o6
    ,x 0 well answ]$4 ,y might ) equal  
reason argue t an  army 0 n "o1 n "o 9  
its op]ations & campaign1 nor  mov+ at !
 nod ( "o comm&]1 because x _h its      
sev]al  bran*es & arms ( ! s]vice2 its  
light horse1 troops (  ! l9e1 skirmi%]s1
 cavalry = ! *>ge1 heavy artill]y4  ,r1 
! ess5tial unity ( ! :ole is all ! m    
demon/rat$ by ! di/9ct l9es & modes (   
op]ation  belong+ to ea* dep>tm5t4      
,h]odotus is at mu* pa9s to  detail !   
diff]5t nationalities & cu/oms ( w>f>e 9
 !  army ( ,x]xes be=e he proce$s to    
n>rate _! comb9$  desc5t ^u ,greece4 ,& 
to return to our !sis3 ! objective      
unity ( ! religi\s ord]s ?r\gh\t !      
*ur*'s long life1  9 all t ev] conc]n$  
h] fai? & ess5tial tea*+1 has  be5      
enhanc$1 made conspicu\s1 & %[n to be   
sup]natural1 by  _! ackn[l$g$ subjective
 div]sity 9 mu* beside4    ,b we are n  
"h 9 ne$ ( a ,ca?olic apologi/4 ,a vivid

 &  popul> writ]1 if n ( hi/ory1 yet (  
widely accept$  hi/orical romance1 _h ! 
intellig5ce to p]ceive ?is v  *>act]i/ic
 ( ! *ur*4  #ahi  ,he has ?r[n no little
 p[] into develop+ ! tru?1 t !  ,ca?olic
 sy/em is ?us univ]sally subjective1 has
 a place =  e "o1 rejects none ( e>?'s  
*ildr51 & c reta9 !m1  f9d !m employm5t1
 & communicate to !m happ9ess1 )9  !    
ample bread? ( h] unity4    ,he         
describes ! m]ely local *>act]s ( !     
,*ur* (  ,engl&1 & h] consequ5t         
inability to make way 9 =eign  missions4
 ,he has a fl+ at :at he calls ! polity 
( !  ,*ur* ( ,rome z ! v ma/]piece (    
human wisdom4 ,x is1 he  says1 a sy/em (
 tactics to be reg>d$ ) reluctant       
admiration4 ,!n m p>ticul>ly3 ,%e       
?or\ghly und]/&s1  :at no o!r *ur* has  
ev] und]/ood1 h[ to deal )  en?usia/s4  
,9 "s sects1 p>ticul>ly 9 infant sects1 
en?usiasm is suff]$ to be rampant4 ,9   
o!r sects1  p>ticul>ly 9 sects long     
e/abli%$ & ri*ly end[$1 x is  reg>d$ )  
av]sion4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* nei!r submits

 to  en?usiasm nor proscribes x1 b uses 
x4 ,%e consid]s x z a  great mov+ =ce1  
:i* 9 itself1 l ! muscul> p[]s (  a f9e 
horse1 is nei!r good nor evil1 b :i* may
 be s  direct$ z to produce great good  
or great evil1 & %e assumes  ! direction
 to h]self4 444 ,%e kn[s t1 :]e religi\s
  feel+s h obta9$ ! complete empire ( ! 
m9d1 !y  imp>t a /range en]gy1 t !y     
raise man above ! dom9ion  ( pa9 &      
pleasure1 t obloquy becomes glory4 ,%e  
kn[s t  a p]son 9 ?is /ate ( en?usiasm  
is no object ( contempt4 ,he  may be    
vulg>1 ignorant1 vision>y1 extravagant2 
b he w d  & suff] ?+s :i* x is = h]     
int]e/ t somebody  %\ld d & suff]4 ,%e  
accord+ly enli/s him 9 h] s]vice1       
assigns to him "s =lorn hope1 & s5ds him
 =? ) h]  b5$ictions & h] applause4     
,!n1 aft] %[+ h[ ! ,anglican sy/em      
expels f itself  ! en?usiasm x c nei!r  
wield nor control1 he proce$s to  draw 8
 contra/3      ,f> diff]5t is ! policy (
 ,rome4 ,! ignorant en?usia/    :om !   
,anglican ,*ur* makes an enemy1 &1      

:atev] !    polite & le>n$ may ?9k1 a   
mo/ dang]\s enemy1 !    ,ca?olic ,*ur*  
makes a *ampion4 ,%e bids him nurse 8   
be>d1    cov]s him ) a g[n & hood (     
co>se1 d>k /uff1 ties a    rope r\nd 8  
wai/1 & s5ds him =? to tea* 9 h] "n4    
,he co/s h] no?+4 ,he takes n a ducat   
away f !    res\rces ( h] b5efic$ cl]gy4
 ,he lives by ! alms (    ^? :o respect 
8 spiritual "* & are grateful =    8    
in/ructions4 ,he prea*es n exactly 9 !  
/yle (    ,massillon1 b 9 a way :i*     
moves ! passions ( un$ucat$    he>]s2 & 
all 8 influ5ce is employ$ to /r5g!n !   
*ur* ( :i* he is a m9i/]4 ,to t *ur* he 
becomes z    /rongly atta*$ z any ( !   
c>d9als ^: sc>let    c>riages & liv]ies 
cr[d ! entrance ( ! palace on !         
,quir9al4 ,9 ?is way ! ,*ur* ( ,rome    
unites 9 h]self all    ! /r5g? (        
e/abli%m5t1 & all ! /r5g? ( diss5t4     
,) ! utmo/ pomp ( a dom9ant hi]>*y      
above1 %e has all    ! en]gy ( !        
volunt>y sy/em bel[4 ,x w\ld be easy to 
m5tion v rec5t in/ances 9 :i* ! he>ts ( 

hundr$s    ( ?\s&s1 e/rang$ f h] by !   
selfi%ness1 slo?1 &    c[>dice ( !      
b5efic$ cl]gy1 h be5 br\ght back by    !
 zeal ( ! begg+ fri>s4 ,at ,rome !      
,c\ntess (    ,hunt+don w\ld h a place 9
 ! cal5d> z ,/4 ,sab9a1    & ,mrs4 ,fry 
w\ld be f\ndress & fir/ sup]ior ( !     
bless$ ord] ( ,si/]s ( ! ,gaols4  #aij  
,place ,ignatius ,loyola at ,ox=d3 he is
 c]ta9 to become !    head ( a =midable 
secession4 ,place ,john ,wesley at      
,rome3 he    is c]ta9 to be ! fir/ g5]al
 ( a new society devot$ to    ! int]e/s 
& honor ( ! *ur*4 ,place ,johanna       
,s\?cote    at ,rome3 %e f\nds an ord] (
 b>efoot$ ,c>melites1 e    "o ( :om is  
ready to suff] m>tyrdom = ! *ur*2 a     
solemn s]vice is consecrat$ to h]       
memory2 & h] /atue1    plac$ ov] ! holy 
wat]1 /rikes ! eye ( e /rang]    :o     
ent]s ,/4 ,pet]'s4    ,su* ?\ghts z ,i h
 endeavor$ to sugge/ w n be va91  if !y 
lead u to recognize ! attributes &      
cr$5tials (  ! *ur* 9 h] mission to !   
_w1 n less 9 !  comp>ison ( "p ) "p     

among h] manife/ations1 ?an 9  ! h>mony 
( ! :ole4 ,%e is z div9e1 z ,ca?olic1 z 
fai?ful to h] tru/1 & z un]r+ 9 h]      
functions1 9 !  subjective "* ( h]      
devotions1 z 9 ! objectivity (  h]      
tea*+4 ,no?+ surely c be m attractive to
 !  imag9ation1 m w9n+ to ! he>t1 or m  
p]suasive to !  w ?an ! condesc5sion &  
p]sonal c>e ( t :i* is  all ! :ile l(ty 
9 its attributes & au?oritative 9 its   
claims & p[]4 ,! *ur* is a "m :ile %e is
 a que51  & we h] *ildr5 no less ?an h] 
subjects & disciples4 ,%e  tea*es u to  
pray :ile %e comm&s u to believe2 &     
gives a  p]sonal exp]i5ce ( h] sci5ce 9 
! "o1 :ile af=d+  abundant pro( ( h]    
embassy & h] in]rancy 9 ! o!r4  ,?us1   
:ile ,i am enlight5$ by h] tru?1 ,i am  
fo/]$ by h]  *>ity4 ,! ne$ ( :i* ,i am  
consci\s 9 myself1 das  ,i*1 = some?+ on
 :i* to fe$ ! faculty )9 me =           
sup]natural love & p]sonal devotion1 is 
z completely met &  fulfill$ z any crav+
 = a tru? above myself1 das ni*t  ,i*1  
:i* comes d[n to me f heav5 t x may     

raise me  ?i!r4 ,desc5dit says ,/4      
,augu/9e1 mis]icordia1 ut  asc5dat      
mis]ia4    --------                     
,imog54        ,%e 0 all compact (      
beauty1        ,l ! sunlight & ! fl[]s2 
,"o ( ^? radiant be+s        ,t prove   
?is _w ( ours    ,n utt]ly =sak5        
,by ! angel ho/ ( ,god1    ,s9ce n[ & !n
 its valleys        ,by _! holy feet are
 trod4    ,if h] hair 0 black & glossy  
,or gold5-hu$ & bright1    ,or if h]    
eyes 7 azure1        ,or d>k & deep z   
night1    ,i "k n--?is tru? only        
,d ,i "k or c>e to "k2    ,nev] a       
loveli] maid5        ,ble/ ?is we>y _w  
bel[4    ,9 ! ca/le rul$ h] fa!r1       
,& 8 l&s /ret*$ miles away    ,m9e toil$
 d[n 9 ! hamlet        ,= 8 daily bread 
ea* day2    ,too f> ap>t 7 we4          
,too high w]t ?\ = me1            ,o    
,lady ,imog56    #aia      ,:5 ! mead[ 0
 all gold5        ,) ! c[slips' ,may-day
 bells1    ,& ! sweet brea? ( ! primrose
        ,came up f fragrant dells2      
,:5 ! blackbird & ! ?ro/le        ,:i/l$

 *e]ly 9 ! morn1    ,& ! skyl>k1 quiv]+ 
upw>d1        ,rose s++ f ! corn2    ,!n
 :5 ! bless$ spr+-"t        ,fill$ )    
beauty all ! e>?1    ,f h] fa!r's lordly
 ca/le        ,w\ld ?is maid5 w&] =?1   
,:]e ! violets 7 bloom+        ,9       
unfrequ5t$ dells2    ,o'er ! mead :]e   
zephyrs pilf]$        ,fragrance f !    
c[slips' bells4    ,:]esoev] beauty     
l+]$1        ,!re ?is radiant maid5     
/ray$1    ,& beauty by h] pres5ce       
,m beautiful 0 made2    ,! sun%9e look$ 
m gold5        ,z x gleam$ ar\nd h]     
head2    ,& ! grass m gre5 & liv+       
,rose up b5ea? h] tread2    ,& ! fl[]s m
 bright & fragrant        ,to greet h]  
com+ grew2    ,& mad ) love & music     
,! birds ab\t h] flew4    ,oh6 %e 0 !   
lovelie/ maid5        ,t ev] eye did    
see2    ,%e 0 sun%9e1 %e 0 music1       
,%e 0 all ! _w to me4    ,b %e nev] knew
 ! passion        ,t set my s\l aflame2 
,t hid me by ! h$ge-r[        ,to wat*  
:5e'er %e came1    ,to see h] glori\s   
beauty1        ,l a /> f heav51 g by4   

,oh6 to see h] b "o mom5t        ,god   
kn[s t ,i w\ld die1            ,o       
pe]less ,imog56    #aib      ,!y bore h]
 to ! abbey        ,) ! pomp ( pr9cely  
woe1    ,) /e$s & he>se & sn[y pall1    
,& :ite plumes droop+ l[3    ,& high1   
pr\d heads 7 b5d+        ,9 h] fun]eal  
tra91    ,& pr9cely eyes 7 weep+        
,heavy te>s l summ] ra94    ,i f> (f    
foll[$ sl[ly1        ,no te>s 7 9 m9e   
eye2    ',twas n = "o s l[ly        ,to 
weep = "o s high2    ,b1 oh6 s9ce %e ha?
 vani%$1        ,) h] h seem$ to g      
,all ! beauty1 all ! music1        ,(   
?is we>y _w bel[6            ,dead1     
dead1 & buri$1 ,imog56                  
,e4 ,"y4    --------        ,! ,jesuits 
,9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,footnote #ca         
,footnote #ca3      ,! ,jesuits 9 ,nor? 
,am]ica1 9 ! ,sev5te5?      ,c5tury4    
,by ,francis ,p>kman4 ,bo/on3           
,little1 ,br[n  ,co4 #ahfg4             
,hi/ory & ,g5]al ,description ( ,new    
,france1      ,by ! ,rev4 ,p4 ,f4 ,x4 de
 ,*>levoix1 ,s4,j4      ,translat$ )    

notes1 by ,john ,gilm>y      ,%ea4 ,9   
six vols4 ,vols4 i4 & ii4      ,new     
,york3 ,john ,gilm>y ,%ea4 #ahff        
,hi/ory ( ! ,ca?olic ,missions among    
! ,indian ,tribes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,by ,john ,gilm>y ,%ea4      ,new ,york3
 ,edw>d ,dunigan  ,bro!r4 #ahee4    ,!  
illu/ri\s ,society ( ,jesus1 :i* has    
sanctifi$ by its  m>tyrs e corn] ( !    
e>?1 has reap$ m glory probably  9 ,nor?
 ,am]ica ?an any o!r mission>y ord]1    
?\gh x 0  n ! fir/ to ent] ! field4 ,!  
,franciscans1 !  ,dom9icans1 & o!r      
devot$ soldi]s ( ! cross :o foll[$  9 ! 
foot/eps ( ! ,spani% adv5tur]s 9 ! s\?1 
e/abli%$ fl\ri%+ missions1 "s ( :i* h   
la/$ to  ?is day4 ,!y labor$ ) a zeal & 
s+l5ess ( purpose  :i* c\ld n be        
surpass$1 & a l>ge proportion ( !m gave 
up _! lives = ! fai?2 b un=tunately !   
crimes (  _! c\ntrym5 h be5 p]mitt$1 by 
! prejudice ( mod]n  writ]s1 to t>ni% ! 
r5[n ( ^! h]oic prea*]s1 & !  cruelties 
( a ,cortez are bett] rememb]$ ?an !    
virtues (  ! ,spani% ,dom9icans4 ,!     

,jesuits 9 ! nor!rn p>ts ( !  cont95t h 
receiv$ m ju/ice 9 hi/ory4 ,ab\t _!  "* 
& a*ievem5ts !re is only "o voice4      
,oppression  & outrage h =tunately kept 
away f _! pa?4  #aic  ,x 01 moreov]1 _! 
practice to live almo/ :olly alo( f  _! 
own c\ntrym51 & to compose _! ,*ri/ian  
settlem5ts  entirely ( ,indian conv]ts4 
,!y may n h surpass$ _!  bre?r5 ( o!r   
ord]s 9 devot$ness or 9 p]sev]ance2 b   
!y h a r5[n 9 mod]n ,prote/ant lit]ature
 :i* has no  equal except 9 ! glori\s   
record ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian  p]secutions4  
,:5 ! ,jesuits fir/ came to ,canada1 !  
,franciscans _h be5  be=e !m1 b !re 0   
little trace left ( ! ,*ri/ianity  :i*  
!y _h plant$4 ,! capture ( ,quebec by ! 
,engli%1 9  #afbi1 almo/ :olly oblit]at$
 ! mission1 & x 0 n until  ! colony 0   
re/or$ to ,france1 9 #afcb1 t ! hi/ory (
  mission>y ent]prise 9 t "p ( ,am]ica  
really beg9s4 ,"o  ( ! fir/ /eps ( !    
,fr5* gov]nm5t !n 0 to secure a  body ( 
prie/s1 to labor 9 _! recov]$           
possessions4 ,!  "w 0 (f]$ to !         

,capu*9s1 b !y decl9$ x4 ,x 0  !n giv5  
to ! ,jesuits1 & on ! #ah? ( ,april1    
#afcb1 two  prie/s1 ,le ,jeune & ,de    
,n\1 ) a lay-bro!r nam$ ,gilb]t1  set   
sail f ,havre = ,quebec4 ,x 0 b a       
*e]less home 9  :i*1 aft] a ?ree mon?s' 
tempe/u\s voyage1 !y set ab\t  in/all+  
!mselves4 ,_! pr$ecessors _h left on !  
outskirts ( ! settlem5t two wret*$ wood5
 build+s1  ?at*$ ) long grass & pla/]$ )
 mud4 ,"o ( !m _h  be5 half-burn$ by !  
,engli%1 & 0 /ill 9 ru9s4 ,"h !  ?ree   
mission>ies fix$ _! home1 & prep>$ = !  
reception ( ! bre?r5 :o 7 soon to foll[ 
!m4 ,"o (  ! build+s 0 conv]t$ into a   
/ore-h\se1 /able1  "w-%op1 & bak]y4 ,!  
o!r conta9$ f\r pr9cipal rooms4  ,"o 0  
fitt$ up z a rude *apel1 "o z a         
refectory1 "o z a  kit*51 & ! f\r? z a  
sleep+-room = workm54 ,f\r  small rooms1
 ! l>ge/ eight feet squ>e1 op5$ (f !    
refectory1 & "h1 :5 ! re/ ( ! little b& 
arriv$1  six prie/s 7 lodg$1 :ile two   
lay-bro!rs f\nd %elt] 9  ! g>ret4 ,!    
:ole e/abli%m5t 0 surr\nd$ by a         

palisade4  ,ab\t ! end ( ,may1 ,*ampla9 
arriv$1 to resume ! comm& (  ,quebec1 & 
) him came f\r m ,jesuits--,brbeuf1     
,masse1  ,daniel1 & ,davo/4 ,! sup]ior (
 ! little community 0  ,fa!r ,le ,jeune4
 ,( ! o!rs1 ,masse1 :om by reason ( 8   
useful qualities !y nicknam$ ,le ,pre   
,utile1 _h be5 9  ,am]ica be=e4 ,8      
special duty 0 to take c>e ( ! pigs &   
c[s1 ^u :i* ! mission>ies reli$ = a     
great "p (  _! su/5ance4 ,de ,n\ _h *>ge
 ( ! eight or t5 labor]s  employ$ ab\t !
 resid5ce4 ,all ! fa!rs1 9 ! int]vals  (
 leisure left f _! duties ( prea*+1 say+
 mass &  vesp]s1 he>+ confessions at !  
=t ( ,quebec1 cate*is+ a  few ,indians1 
& /riv+ to ma/] ! enorm\s difficulties (
  ! ,algonqu9 & ,huron languages1 work$ 
) ! m51 spade 9  h&4    ,to le>n !      
language 0 at fir/ ! greate/ ( all _!   
tr\bles4 ,!re 7 ,fr5* int]pret]s 9 !    
colony1 fur  trad]s :o _h sp5t ye>s     
among ! tribes1 & 7 almo/ z  savage z ! 
,indians !mselves4 ,b ^! m5 7 no fri5ds 
to ! ,jesuits1 & "o & all refus$ _!     

assi/ance4 ,fa!r  ,le ,jeune gives an   
amus+ description ( 8 p]plexity1 z he   
sat ) an ,indian *ild on "o side1 & a   
little negro boy left  by ! ,engli% on !
 o!r1 nei!r ( ! ?ree able to  und]/& !  
language ( ! o!rs4  #aid  ,conv9c$ t !re
 0 little to be taught & little to be   
le>n$ 9 t way1 he set (f "o morn+ to    
visit a b& (  ,indians :o 7 fi%+ on !   
,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,he f\nd _! b>k  lodges   
set up by ! br9k ( ! riv]1 & a boy l$   
him into  ! hut ( an old squaw1 8       
gr&mo!r1 :o ha/5$ to give  him f\r smok$
 eels on a piece ( bir* b>k4 ,!re 7     
sev]al  o!r wom5 9 ! lodge1 & :ile !y   
%[$ him h[ to roa/  8 eels on a =k$     
/ick1 or squatt$ ar\nd ! fire1 eat+  _! 
rude meal1 & us+ _! dogs z napk9s1 !    
good fa!r  made /r5u\s attempts to talk 
a little brok5 ,algonqu91 ek+  out 8    
defect ( words ) su* pantomime z he c\ld
 inv5t4  ,all1 h[ev]1 0 9 va94 ,if he   
tru/$ to :at he c\ld pick up  f /raggl+ 
fi%+ p>ties1 x might be ye>s be=e he    
c\ld fairly beg9 to prea* ! gospel to ^!

 poor tribes (  ! wild]ness4 ,9 8       
difficulty he _h rec\rse to ! sa9ts4  ,x
 0 n long be=e :at he deem$ ! direct    
int]position (  ,provid5ce came to 8    
aid4 ,sev]al ye>s be=e an ,indian :o  _h
 be5 conv]t$ by ! ,recollects1 & baptiz$
 by ! "n (  ,pi]re1 _h be5 tak5 to      
,france & p>tially educat$4 ,he _h      
lately return$ to ,canada1 & n only     
relaps$ into 8 old  savage way ( life1 b
 apo/atiz$ f ! fai?4 ,no?+ 0  left ( 8  
,fr5* education save a few ,fr5* vices &
 a  k ( ! ,fr5* language4 ,he (t5 came  
to ! =t  begg+ dr9k & tobacco1 b he     
%unn$ ! ,jesuits1 ( ^:  rigid virtue he 
/ood 9 horror4 ,b "o day1 ab\t ?is "t1  
,pi]re incurr$ ! displeasure ( ! ,fr5*  
comm&ant1 & !  =t 0 clos$ aga9/ him4    
,repuls$ by a "y squaw :om he  want$ to 
make 8 wife1 & unfitt$ by 8 ,fr5*       
education =  ! h>d & prec>i\s life ( a  
hunt]1 he w5t to ! prie/s  = food &     
%elt]4 ,le ,jeune hail$ him z a gift f  
heav5  9 answ] to 8 pray]s4 ,he in/all$ 
! poor wret* 9 !  mission-h\se1 begg$ = 

him at ! =t a suit ( ca/-(f  clo!s1 &   
set zeal\sly to "w to le>n f him !      
my/]ies ( ! ,algonqu9 language4 ,h[     
?ankful ,i am1 wrote  ,le ,jeune1 to ^? 
:o gave me tobacco la/ ye>6 ,at e       
difficulty ,i give my ma/] a piece ( x  
to make him m  att5tive4    ,! t]ribly  
sev]e w9t] 0 pass$ 9 /udies su* z ^!1  9
 practis+ ) sn[-%oes1 & tea*+ ,indian   
*ildr54  ,b&s ( savages (t5 encamp$ ne> 
! mission-h\se 9 !  c\rse ( _! hunt+    
j\rneys1 & ,le ,jeune1 :5ev] !y  appe>$1
 w\ld take 8 /& at ! door & r+ a bell4  
,!  *ildr5 w\ld ga!r r\nd him1 & lead+  
!m into !  refectory1 :i* also s]v$ z a 
s*ool-room1 he w\ld tea*  !m ! ,pat]1   
,ave1 & ,cr$o1 ) an ,indian pray] :i* he
  _h compos$ ) ! assi/ance ( ,pi]re1 %[ 
!m h[ to make  ! sign ( ! cross1 &      
expla9 portions ( ! cate*ism4 ,!        
ex]cises clos$ ) ! s++ ( ! ,"l's pray] 9
  ,algonqu9 rhymes1 & aft] t ea* pupil 0
 rew>d$ ) a  porr+] ( peas4 ,z spr+     
approa*$1 ,pi]re began to be?9k  himself
 ( ! fa/+ & pray]s ( ,l5t1 & ran (f "o  

day  to a p>ty ( ,engli%m51 at          
,tad\ssac1 :]e he dr[n$ 9  liquor !     
small remnant ( 8 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!n he   
jo9$ 8  two bro!rs1 "o a fam\s hunt]    
nam$ ,me/igoit1 ! o!r !  mo/ not$ sorc]]
 or m$ic9e-man ( ! tribe4    #aie    ,! 
next autumn ,fa!r ,le ,jeune 0 invit$ by
 ! ,indians to  jo9 a hunt+ p>ty1 9 :i* 
^! ?ree bro!rs 7  includ$2 n t !y valu$ 
! good mission>y's company1 b  !y 7     
%rewd en\gh to suspect t1 if he w5t )   
!m1 he  w\ld be well suppli$ )          
provisions4 ,fa!r de ,n\ _h gone  on a  
simil> exp$ition 9 ! w9t]1 & return$    
ne>ly dead2  b ,le ,jeune resolv$ to    
risk x1 & 9 ! latt] "p (  ,octob]1 )    
tw5ty ,indians1 emb>k$ 9 canoes on ! ,/4
  ,lawr5ce4 ,l&+ aft] a :ile1 & be+ jo9$
 by two o!r  b&s1 !y sp5t five mon?s    
trudg+ ?r\gh ! trackless &  sn[-cov]$   
wild]ness2 sleep+ by night 9 ! /ifl+    
huts  :i* !y made by digg+ holes 9 ! sn[
 & build+ ov]  !m a cov]+ ( poles & bir*
 b>k2 hunt+ by day !  beav]1 ! moose1 & 
! c>ib\2 (t5 half-/>v$ :5 game  fail$1 &

 hold+ ! mo/ disgu/+ orgies ( gluttony  
:5  x 0 pl5ty4 ,somebody _h un=tunately 
put among ! prie/'s  /ores a small keg (
 w9e4 ,pi]re /ole x & got drunk1 &  :5  
,me/igoit _h sob]$ him by a lib]al      
application (  scald+ wat]1 :i* took all
 ! sk9 (f 8 face & brea/1  ! apo/ate 7z 
,le ,jeune always calls him7 v[$ to     
rev5ge  himself by kill+ ! mission>y ^: 
/rong dr9k _h br\ght  him into tr\ble4  
,! poor fa!r fl$ to ! woods until       
,pi]re's fr5zy _h pass$ away1 & !re1 he 
says1 ?\gh my  b$ _h n be5 made up s9ce 
! creation ( ! _w1 x 0  n h>d en\gh to  
prev5t me f sleep+4 ,we h no space to   
foll[ ! n>rative ( ?is h>d w9t]4 ,! days
 7 sp5t 9  hung] & exhau/+ toil1 !      
nights 9 frightful discom=t4  ,! huts1 9
 a space "s ?irte5 feet squ>e1 7 made to
  accommodate n9ete5 savages1 m51 wom51 
& *ildr51 n to  speak ( a numb] ( wild &
 hungry dogs4 ,a fire ( p9e-knots  9 !  
c5tre fill$ ! place ) a bl9d+1 acrid    
smoke1 &  at times !y c\ld brea! only by
 ly+ flat on _! faces  ) _! m\?s to !   

cold gr\nd4 ,9 ?is horrible d51 !  dogs 
f\ght = 8 food1 & ! savages1 in/igat$ by
 !  sorc]]1 load$ him ) insults & %ock$ 
8 e>s ) _!  fil?y conv]sation4 ,!       
sorc]]1 ^: pret5sions he  ridicul$1 & ^:
 influ5ce he lo/ no opportunity (       
und]m9+1 hat$ him ) an especially       
malignant animosity4  ,"u pret5ce (     
tea*+ him ,algonqu91 he palm$ (f ^u !   
prie/ ! f\le/ words 9 ! ,indian         
language1 s t poor  ,fa!r ,le ,jeune's  
attempts to expla9 ! my/]ies ( ! fai?  7
 (t5 int]rupt$ by %\ts ( laught]4 ,on   
,*ri/mas day  !re _h be5 a great sc>city
 ( game1 & ! p>ty 7 9  dang] ( fami%+4  
,! incantations ( ! m$ic9e man _h       
fail$4 ,9 despair ! savages came to ,le 
,jeune1 & begg$ him  to try 8 ,god4 ,!  
sorc]] %[$ "s gleam ( fai?4 ,ev5  ,pi]re
 gave signs ( rep5tance4 ,! mission>y 0 
fill$ )  hope4 ,he wrote out two pray]s 
9 ,algonqu94 ,he hung aga9/ !  side ( ! 
hut a crucifix & a reliqu>y1 & bade !   
,indians  kneel be=e !m & repeat !      
pray]s1 promis+ to r5\nce  _!           

sup]/itions & obey ,*ri/ if he w\ld save
 !m f  p]i%+ ( hung]4 ,!n he dismiss$ ! 
hunt]s ) 8  bless+4 ,at night !y came   
back successful4 ,a fea/ 0  ord]$4 ,9 ! 
mid/ ( ! repa/1 ,le ,jeune arose to     
rem9d  !m ( _! promise2 b ,pi]re1 :o _h 
kill$ no?+1 0  sulky & incr$ul\s4 ,he   
said1 ) a laugh1 t x 0 n !  crucifix &  
pray]s :i* _h br\ght !m luck4  #aif  ,! 
sorc]] cri$ out to ! mission>y1 ,hold   
y\r tongue6 y  h no s5se6 ,& !          
multitude1 ^: good disposition _h       
vani%$ ) _! hung]1 took _! cue f him1 z 
usual4    ,all ?is 0 disc\rag+ en\gh1   
nor 0 x ! wor/2 & :5  ,fa!r ,le ,jeune1 
at ?ree o'clock "o ,april morn+1 knock$ 
at  ! door ( 8 humble mission-h\se1 & 0 
receiv$ 9 !  arms ( 8 bro!r apo/les1 x 0
 ) ! melan*oly  reflection t 8 pa9ful & 
p]il\s j\rney _h be51 except  z a t\r ( 
obs]vation1 little m ?an a failure4 ,an 
absolute  failure1 h[ev]1 x c]ta9ly 0 n4
 ,c>eful reconnoissances  mu/ always    
prec$e great campaigns4 ,x 0 only by    
pu%+ out  into ! he>t ( ! pagan realm   

:i* !y _h come to conqu]1  t ! soldi]s (
 ,*ri/ c\ld det]m9e :]e !y might be/    
make _! ma9 assault & 9 :at qu>t] a     
victory ensur$ !  mo/ glori\s results4  
,! mission>ies 7 b a h&ful2 !  field    
be=e !m 0 imm5se2 !y c\ld only cultivate
 su*  portions ( x z promis$ ! ri*e/    
h>ve/4 ,!y _h n[  le>n$ t ! ,algonqu9s 7
 comp>atively few 9 numb]1 &  ( little  
influ5ce or importance among ! ,nor?    
,am]ican  tribes4 ,w&]+ to & fro z !y   
did f ye>'s end to  ye>'s end1 x 0      
impossible to e/abli% among !m ! sort ( 
,*ri/ian settlem5ts or missions :i* !   
,jesuits propos$  f\nd+ z c5tres f :i* !
 light ( tru? might radiate  ?r\gh !    
wild]ness4 ,b fur!r we/w>d1 on ! %ores (
  ! great lakes1 dwelt num]\s /ation>y  
tribes1 among :om  /rongholds ( ! fai?  
might be erect$4 ,! conv]sion ( any     
consid]able "p ( ^! p w\ld affect _m    
k9dr$  tribes1 & s x might be possible  
to f\nd 9 ! he>t ( !  =e/ a great       
,*ri/ian empire4 ,z ! fir/ basis = _!   
op]ations1 !y *ose ! ,hurons1 on ! lake 

:i* be>s _!  "n4 ,^! p1 !y le>n$1 _h    
popul\s villages1 knew h[  to till !    
gr\nd1 & c>ri$ on "s trade ) neighbor+  
nations4 ,_! f]ocity exce$$ t ( !       
,algonqu9s4 ,a  prison] :o bore !       
torture bravely 0 cook$ & eat51 t  8    
captors might increase _! own c\rage2 & 
!  mission>ies spoke ( ! ,huron c\ntry z
 ! *ief =tress &  donjon-keep ( ! demon1
 une des pr9cipales =t]esses et  comme  
un donjon des dmons4 ,! di/ance to be   
trav]s$1 by  ! only r\te x 0 possible to
 foll[1 0 ab\t n9e hundr$  miles4 ,! way
 0 dang]\s & pa9ful4 ,! goal to be rea*$
  0 possibly m>tyrdom--c]ta9ly cont9u\s 
suff]+ ( body  & m9d4 ,?ree mission>ies1
 ,brbeuf1 ,daniel1 & ,davo/1  (f]$      
!mselves = ! ent]prise4 ,le ,jeune's    
duties z  sup]ior oblig$ him to conf9e 8
 labors to ! neighbor+  ,algonqu9s4 ,x 0
 n easy1 h[ev]1 = ! little b& (  apo/les
 to c>ry _! h]oic purpose into          
execution4 ,e ye>  a company ( sev]al   
hundr$ ,hurons us$ to visit ,quebec1 to 
b>t] _! furs & tobacco = kettles1       

hat*ets1 knives1  clo?1 beads1 & o!r    
commodities4 ,x 0 resolv$ t !  prie/s   
%\ld return ) !m :5 !y made _! next     
annual  j\rney4 ,! ,hurons came 9 ,july1
 #afcc1 six or sev5 hundr$ (  !m1 ) a   
hundr$ & =ty canoes4 ,!y /aid f\r days1 
trad+1 gambl+1 fea/+1 & hold+ a c\ncil )
 !  ,fr5* (fic]s at ! =t4 ,*ampla9      
introduc$ ! ?ree  mission>ies1 & comm5d$
 !m to ! c>e & fri5d%ip (  ! ,indians4  
#aig  ,!y 7 receiv$ at fir/ )           
acclamations ( delight1 & !  *iefs (    
diff]5t villages disput$ = ! honor (    
ent]ta9+ !m4 ,b be=e ! h\r ( dep>ture   
came1 !y  *ang$ _! m9ds4 ,! ,indians w5t
 away & ! prie/s  return$ to !          
mission-h\se4 ,"h !y sp5t a ye> /udy+  !
 ,huron language4 ,at ! end ( a         
twelvemon?1 ! ,indians came  aga94 ,a   
second "t !y 7 bes\ght to take !        
,jesuits back  ) !m4 ,!y cons5t$1 wav]$1
 refus$1 hesitat$1 !  mission>ies begg+ 
to be receiv$1 z if ! h>d%ips !y  w\ld h
 to suff] 7 ! greate/ ( privileges4 ,at 
la/  ,fa!r ,brbeuf made a v[ to ,/4     

,joseph4 ,at once1 he says1 !  ,indians 
became tractable1 & ! :ole p>ty emb>k$ 9
 !  frail canoes = ! %ores ( ,lake      
,huron4 ,_! r\te 0 up !  ,ottawa riv]1  
?r\gh ,lake ,nipiss+1 d[n ,fr5* riv]1 & 
along ! %ores ( ! great ,georgian ,bay (
 ,lake ,huron4 ,!  voyage occupi$ ?irty 
days4 ,! ?ree mission>ies 7 9  sep>ate  
canoes1 b>efoot1 le/ _! %oes %\ld injure
 !  vessel1 toil+ labori\sly at !       
paddle1 wad+ (t5 ?r\gh  ! rapids & pu%+ 
or pull+ up _! b>ks1 & do+ _!  %>e ( !  
burd5 ( transportation at ! long &      
frequ5t  portages4 ,!y _h no food b a   
little corn cru%$ betwe5 two  /ones &   
moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,! ,indians treat$ !m )  
great h>%ness1 /ole or ?rew away a "p ( 
_! baggage1  includ+ mo/ ( _! books &   
writ+ mat]ials1 & f9ally  des]t$ ,fa!r  
,daniel & ,fa!r ,davo/ on ! way4 ,:5    
,brbeuf  rea*$ ! end ( ! voyage1 on !   
%ores ( ,georgian ,bay1 8  ,indian      
companions ?rew 8 baggage on ! gr\nd1   
left him to  8 own res\rces1 & trudg$ (f
 to _! villages1 "s tw5ty  miles di/ant4

 ,brbeuf1 h[ev]1 0 n di%e>t5$4 ,he ?rew 
himself ^u 8 knees & ?ank$ ,god :o _h   
pres]v$ him s  f>4 ,!n he proce$$ to    
exam9e ! c\ntry4 ,he knew ! spot  well1 
= be=e ! susp5sion ( ! ,canada missions 
:i*  foll[$ ! capture ( ,quebec1 he _h  
pass$ ?ree ye>s among  ! ,hurons ( ?is  
region1 at an ,indian t[n :i* _h s9ce   
be5  burn$4 ,hid+ 8 baggage & ! sacr$   
vessels 9 ! woods1  he set (f 9 se>* ( !
 new t[n1 :i* he knew _h be5  built a   
few miles f ! site ( ! old "o4 ,x 0 ev5+
  :5 he rea*$ x4 ,a cr[d :o recogniz$ 8 
tall1 soldi]-l  figure & black robes ran
 out to meet him1 %\t+ = joy at  8      
return4 ,!y took him to ! lodge ( "o    
,aw&oay1 !  ri*e/ & mo/ hospitable ( !  
,hurons4 ,aft] _m days 8  two lo/ bre?r5
 rejo9$ him4 ,daniel _h be5 pick$ up by 
ano!r p>ty ( ,indians4 ,davo/ _h be5    
left among !  ,algonqu9s on ,allumette  
,isl&1 & n[ appe>$ half-dead )  fam9e & 
fatigue4 ,) !m came f\r ,fr5* laym5 f   
,quebec4 ,aw&oay receiv$ !m all1 & z    
soon z !y _h  det]m9$ to make ?is       

village1 :i* ! natives call$            
,ihonatiria1 ! headqu>t]s ( _! mission1 
all !  inhabitants ( ! place1 z well z !
 p ( !  neighbor+ t[n ( ,w5rio1 fell to 
& built !m a h\se4 ,x  0 a /ructure (   
sapl+ poles & %eets ( b>k1 ?irty-six    
feet long1 & ab\t tw5ty feet wide1 built
 aft] ! ,huron  fa%ion2 b ! prie/s1 ) ! 
aid ( _! tools1 made  sev]al improvem5ts
 ( ! int]ior1 :i* 7 to ! savages a      
nev]-fail+ s\rce ( wond] & admiration4  
,!y divid$ _!  dwell+ into ?ree rooms4  
,! fir/ 0 a /ore-h\se2 !  second1 a     
sleep+ *amb]1 kit*51 work%op1 refectory1
 &  s*ool-room1 all 9 "o2 ! ?ird 0 !    
*apel4    #aih    ,?us ! ,huron mission1
 :i* _h be5 f\nd$ sev]al ye>s           
previ\sly1 & brok5 up be=e x 0 ?or\ghly 
e/abli%$1  0 op5$ anew4 ,o!r prie/s soon
 came out f ,france to jo9  x4 ,g>ni]1  
,*aumonot1 ,*abanel1 & ! illu/ri\s m>tyr
  ,isaac ,jogues 7 among ! ,jesuits :o  
ga!r$ ar\nd ?is  lodge 9 ! wild]ness 9 !
 c\rse ( ! next few ye>s4 ,9  !         
summ]-"t1 :5 mo/ ( ! ,indians 7 away on 

_!  hunt+ or trad+ excursions1 & !      
villages 7 quiet1 !  mission>ies r5ew$  
_! /r5g? = labor & suff]+ by  ! ex]cise 
( ! annual retreat accord+ to !         
in/ructions  ( ,/4 ,ignatius4 ,x 0 9    
w9t] t _! h>d%ips 7 !  greate/4 ,by day 
!y trudg$ long1 we>y miles ?r\gh ! sn[  
& wet to visit neighbor+ villages2 by   
night _! %ort re/  0 di/urb$ & _! e>s   
%ock$ by ! horrible orgies1             
incantations1 & sup]/iti\s rites 9 :i* !
 ,hurons us$ to  pass _! w9t] leisure4  
,!re 7 ! hide\s c]emonies by  :i* _!    
sorc]]s pret5d$ to cure ! sick2 !       
lic5ti\s  practices by :i* !y s\ght to  
propitiate ! demons (  pe/il5ce & fam9e2
 sometimes ! awful tortures ( captives  
tak5 9 w>1 & _! agoniz+ dea?s1 9 :i* !  
good  fa!rs1 ?\gh e n]ve %udd]$ ) horror
 at ! dreadful  sight1 sometimes f\nd   
consolation 9 mak+ a conv]t ( !  dy+    
wret*1 & wa%+ out 8 s9s at ! la/ mom5t 9
 !  sav+ wat]s ( baptism4 ,at e         
opportunity !y collect$ !  *ildr5 ( !   
village at _! h\se2 & ,brbeuf1 ve/$ 9   

surplice & cap1 l$ !m 9 *ant+ ! ,pat]   
,no/]1  translat$ into ,indian rhymes1  
taught !m ! ,hail ,m>y1 !  ,cre$1 & !   
,comm&m5ts1 taught !m to make ! sign ( !
  cross1 & gave a few simple            
in/ructions4 ,a pres5t ( two or  ?ree   
beads1 or rais9s1 or prunes s5t !m away 
happy &  ensur$ _! com+ aga94 ,once 9 a 
:ile ! adults 7  induc$ to li/5 to      
in/ruction1 & invit$ to discuss !       
pr9cipal po9ts ( religi\s doctr9e4 ,!y  
grunt$ ,good or  ,t is true at e        
proposition1 b = a long1 long "t  v few 
7 will+ to embrace ! fai? to :i* !y gave
 s  ready an ass5t4 ,l ! fi%es :o li/5$ 
to ,/4 ,an?ony's  s]mon1        ,mu*    
delight$ 7 !y1       ,b pref]r$ ! old   
way4    ,/ill1 !y 7 ready en\gh to visit
 ! hut ( !  mission>ies1 & exam9e _!    
m>vels ( +5uity & skill1  ! fame ( :i*  
_h gone abroad ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,huron    
nation4 ,!y w\ld sit on ! gr\nd by !    
h\r1 wat*+ !  clock & wait+ = x to      
/rike4 ,!y ?\ght x 0 alive1  & dignifi$ 
x ) ! title ( ,capta94 ,:at does !      

,capta9 say8 !y w\ld (t5 ask4    ,:5 he 
/rikes twelve times1 ! ,jesuits answ]$1 
he says1  ',hang on ! kettle2' & :5 he  
/rikes f\r times he says1  ',get up & g 
home4'    ,s at noon visitors 7 nev]    
want+ to %>e ! ,capta9's  hospitality2 b
 at ! /roke ( f\r !y all dep>t$1 & !    
mission>ies ga!r$ r\nd ! fire & discuss$
 !  intricacies ( ! ,huron language4    
,among ! o!r wond]s ( !  lodge !re 0 a  
h&-mill :i* ! savages 7 nev] tir$ (     
turn+4 ,a magnet prov$ a great puzzle to
 !m2 & !re 0 a  magnify+-glass :i*      
trans=m$ a flea into a frightful  mon/]1
 &1 we may suppose1 fill$ !m ) al>m4    
#aii  ,!y conceiv$ an ov]p[]+ respect = 
! wisdom &  sup]natural p[]s ( !        
black-g[ns1 & _h = !m also1  ^u ! :ole1 
a g5u9e good w2 b !re 7 mom5ts :5  _!   
influ5ce1 & ev5 _! safety1 7 endang]$ by
 !  viol5ce ( ! ,indian sup]/itions4    
,once 9 a season ( dr\ght  a ra9-mak]   
p]suad$ ! ,hurons t ! r$ color ( !      
cross :i* /ood be=e ! ,jesuits' dwell+  
fright5$ away  ! bird ( ?und]4 ,x 0 ab\t

 to be cut d[n4 ,! prie/s  begg$ !m to  
pa9t x :ite1 & see if ! ?und] w\ld come4
  ,x 0 done1 b ra9 /ill kept alo(4      
,y\r spirits _c help y1 said ! fa!rs2   
ask ! aid (  him :o made ! _w1 & p]haps 
he w he> y\r pray]s4    ,! ,indians 7   
induc$ to promise ob$i5ce to ! true     
,god4  ,n9e masses 7 (f]$ 9 honor ( ,/4 
,joseph1 & e day  !re 7 solemn          
processions & pray]s4 ,9 a few days !re 
7 heavy falls ( ra91 & ! ,hurons        
conceiv$ an exalt$  idea ( ! p[] ( ,fr5*
 m$ic9e4 ,b alas = _!  promises6 ,!y 7  
soon =gott54    ,9 ! autumn & w9t] (    
#afcf1 ! ,huron t[ns 7 swept by a       
contagi\s fev]1 accompani$ by !         
small-pox4 ,?ree ( !  ,jesuits--,jogues1
 ,g>ni]1 & ,*atela9--7 seiz$ ) !  fev]1 
b ! protection ( ,provid5ce rais$ !m up 
= !  relief ( _! poor r$-sk9n$ bre?r54  
,9 ! dep? ( w9t]  ! mission>ies w5t f   
village to village1 visit+ e  hut1 t5d+ 
! sick1 br++ !m su* few delicacies z _! 
scanty /ores af=d$1 & press+ _! religi\s
 in/ructions  at e available occasion4  

,b x 0 h>d to make an  impression on !  
/olid he>ts ( ! savages4 ,!y compreh5d$ 
! pa9s & fires ( hell1 b !y c\ld n      
und]/& !  happ9ess ( heav54 ,!y _h no   
wi% to g aft] dea? to a  place :]e !re  
w\ld be nei!r w> nor hunt+1 & :]e1  !y  
fe>$1 ! ,fr5* w\ld give !m no?+ to eat4 
,nor1 :5  ! ,huron _h at la/ be5 p]suad$
 t heav5 0 good =  ,indians z well z    
,fr5*m51 0 x easy to produce 9 him !    
prop] dispositions = baptism4 ,he felt  
no contrition1 = he  believ$ t he _h    
nev] committ$ s94 ,:y did y baptize  t  
,iroquois8 ask$ a dy+ neophyte2 he w get
 to heav5  be=e u1 & :5 he sees u com+  
he w drive u out4 ,?is  0 di%e>t5+2 b   
once = a few days !re 0 a gleam (       
consolation4 ,! :ole village ( ,ossossan
 resolv$ to embrace  ! fai? ( !         
black-robes1 to give up _! sup]/itions1 
&  to re=m _! mann]s4 ,"o ( _! pr9cipal 
sorc]]s  proclaim$ 9 a l\d voice1 ?r\gh 
! /reets ( ! t[n1 t  ! ,god ( ! ,fr5* 0 
h5ce=? _! ,ma/]4 ,n9e days  aft]w>d a   
not$ sorc]] came to ,ossossan1 & !      

,indians  held a gr& m$ic9e fea/1 hop+  
to secure ! aid ( ,god &  ! devil at    
once4 ,! sup]/iti\s rites 7 all r5ew$2 !
  nights grew hide\s ) yells (          
incantation1 & magic figures  to drive  
away ! demon ( pe/il5ce 7 put up on e   
h\se4  ,! dang] to ! mission>ies n[     
became imm95t4 ,:5 !y  left _! hut 9 !  
morn+1 x 0 ) a well-gr\nd$ d\bt  :e!r !y
 %\ld ev] return4 ,! sacram5t ( baptism1
 :i*  x 0 a "p ( _! daily labor to      
adm9i/] to dy+  *ildr51 came to be look$
 ^u z a pe/if]\s *>m4  #bjj  ,!y c\ld   
only give x by /eal?1 sometimes lett+   
fall a drop  f a spoonful ( sug>$ wat]1 
) :i* !y pret5d$ to  cool ! pati5t's    
p>*$ lips1 or else t\*+ ! sk9 ) a  moi/ 
f+] or ! corn] ( a wet h&k]*ief4 ,!     
my/]i\s  black-rob$ magicians 7 n[      
reg>d$ z ! cause ( !  pe/il5ce2 & _h x n
 be5 = ! awe 9 :i* !y 7  held by !      
savages1 _! lives w\ld quickly h be5 at 
an  end4 ,z x 01 !y 7 ev]y:]e repuls$ & 
insult$4  ,*ildr5 pelt$ !m f beh9d huts1
 fri5ds look$ at !m  askance1 & ! m     

viol5t ( _! enemies clamor$ = _!  dea?4 
,! picture ( ! la/ judgm5t :i* hung 9 _!
  *apel 0 tak5 to be a *>m ( direful    
p[]4 ,! litanies  :i* !y *ant$ toge!r 7 
incantations pregnant )  plague & fam9e4
 ,! clock 0 a malignant demon1 & ! poor 
,capta9 _h to be /opp$4 ,9 ,augu/1      
#afcg1 a great c\ncil (  ! ,hurons1     
includ+ deputations f f\r nations1 0    
held to  delib]ate ^u ! affairs ( !     
conf$]ation4 ,! *ief1  ^: (fice x 0 to  
preside ov] ! fea/ ( ! dead1 arose1  & 9
 a set spee* accus$ ! ,jesuits ( be+ !  
cause ( !  calamities t afflict$ !m4 ,"o
 accus] foll[$ ano!r1  ,brbeuf reply+ to
 _! *>ges ) +5uity & boldness4  ,!      
debate cont9u$ ?r\gh ! night4 ,_m ( !   
,indians fell  asleep1 & o!rs w5t away4 
,"o old *ief z he pass$ out said  to    
,brbeuf1 ,if "s "y man %\ld split y\r   
head op51 we  %\ld h no?+ to say4 ,:at  
sort ( m5 are ^!8 cri$  out ano!r       
impati5tly1 z ! ,jesuit w5t on ) 8      
h>angue2  !y are always say+ ! same ?+1 
& repeat+ ! same  words a hundr$ times4 

,ano!r c\ncil 0 call$ to pron\nce  !    
s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,! prie/s appe>$ be=e x )
 su*  unfl9*+ c\rage t _! judges1 /ruck 
) admiration1  def]r$ ! decree4 ,/ill x 
seem$ z if _! fate c\ld n  be long      
def]r$4 ,!y wrote a f>ewell lett] to _! 
sup]ior1  ,fa!r ,le ,jeune1 & committ$  
to ! c>e ( an ,indian conv]t  ! mo/     
preci\s prop]ties ( ! mission1 ! sacr$  
furniture  ( ! alt>1 & ! vocabul>y :i*  
!y _h compil$ ( !  ,huron language4 ,!n 
!y gave a p>t+ fea/1 aft] ! ,indian     
cu/om ( ^? :o 7 ab\t to die4 ,!         
intrepidity manife/$  by ?is proce$+ 0 n
 )\t its effect4 ,! animosity (  !      
savages became less int5se1 & ?\gh !    
p]secution  cont9u$1 & ! lives (        
individual memb]s ( ! little b&  7 m ?an
 once attempt$1 ! project ( a massacre 0
 =  ! pres5t ab&on$4    ,by ! end ( !   
ye> #afch1 ! mission _h sev5 prie/s :o  
spoke ,huron1 & ?ree m :o 7 le>n+ x4    
,!re 7  ab\t sixty conv]ts1 & at        
,ossossan a commodi\s *apel (  wood _h  
be5 built by ! labor ( artisans s5t = ! 

purpose  f ,quebec4 ,! orig9al int5tion 
( ! ,jesuits 0 to =m  p]man5t missions 9
 ea* ( ! pr9cipal ,huron t[ns4 ,?is1    
h[ev]1 prov$ impracticable1 & a spot 0  
*os5 on !  little riv] ,wye1 ne>        
,mat*$a% ,bay ( ,lake ,huron1 = a great 
c5tral /ation1 to :i* !y gave ! "n (    
,sa9te ,m>ie4 ,!  ,huron t[ns 7 n[      
apportion$ into di/ricts1 & a c]ta9     
numb] ( prie/s assign$ to ea*4 ,fa!r    
,g>ni] & ,fa!r  ,jogues made an         
ineffectual attempt to e/abli% a mission
 among  ! ,tobacco nation1 two days'    
j\rney to ! s\?-we/4  #bja  ,b _! evil  
reputation _h prec$$ !m4 ,! *ildr5 cri$ 
out1 :5 !y saw !m approa*1 t fam9e & pe/
 7  com+4 ,e door 0 clos$ aga9/ !m2 & :5
 9 despair  !y left ! t[n1 a b& ( "y    
braves foll[$ !m1 hat*et  9 h&1 to put  
!m to dea?4 ,"u cov] ( ! d>kness !y     
made _! escape1 & ,fa!r ,jogues1 ) ,fa!r
 ,raymbault1  aft]w>d pass$ ar\nd !     
nor!rn %ore ( ,lake ,huron1 &  prea*$ ! 
fai? among ! ,ojibwas1 z f> z ,sault    
,sa9te  ,m>ie1 at ! outlet ( ,lake      

,sup]ior4 ,9 ! mean "t ,brbeuf  &       
,*aumonot w5t on a mission to ! p[]ful &
 f]oci\s  ,neutral nation :i* inhabit$ !
 c\ntry betwe5 lakes ,erie &  ,ont>io1  
on bo? sides ( ! ,niag>a riv]4 ,!y      
visit$  eighte5 ( ! ,neutral t[ns4 ,9   
all !y 7 receiv$ ) a  /orm ( insults1   
bl[s1 & mal$ictions4 ,! ,hurons _h be5  
afraid to kill !m1 dread+ ! v5geance ( !
 ,fr5* at  ,quebec2 b !y _h s5t secret  
emiss>ies to incite !  ,neutrals aga9/  
!m1 & _h promis$ n9e ,fr5* hat*ets to  !
 tribe :i* %\ld be _! execution]s4      
,brbeuf 0 !  object ( _! special hatr$4 
,?is glori\s man1 :om ,p>kman  calls !  
true/ h]o & ! greate/ m>tyr ( ! ,huron  
mission1 0 fe>$ ) an int5sity :i* none (
 8  companions inspir$4 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( 8 
p]secutions ,god  consol$ him ) heav5ly 
favors4 ,cele/ial visions com=t$  him 9 
8 toilsome j\rneys ?r\gh ! =e/4 ,he saw 
! image  ( a va/ & gorge\s palace1 & a  
voice assur$ him t su*  0 to be ! rew>d 
( ^? :o dwell 9 hovels = ! cause  (     
,god4 ,angels appe>$ to him1 & m ?an    

once ! ,bless$  ,virg9 & 8 de> patron1  
,/4 ,joseph1 7 reveal$ to 8  sight4 ,n[1
 :5 ! ,neutral nation %ut him out ( _!  
lodges1  half fami%$ & ne>ly froz51 !   
app>ition ( a great  cross--l>ge en\gh1 
he said to 8 bre?r51 to crucify u       
all--came sl[ly up f ! c\ntry ( !       
,iroquois4 ,x seems  l a w>n+ ( !       
glori\s fate :i* await$ him1 & to  ^?   
h]oic s\ls :o long$ = m>tyrdom z !      
bright cr[n  ( _! labor1 we _c d\bt t x 
0 also a sweet  consolation4    ,! day (
 p]secution1 h[ev]1 0 only dawn+4 ,!    
suff]+s  ( ! pa/ few ye>s 7 z no?+ 9    
comp>ison ) !  torm5ts t 7 to foll[4 ,9 
! summ] ( #afdb1 ! mission  _h be5 r$uc$
 to great de/itution1 & ,fa!r ,jogues 0 
s5t  to ,quebec to obta9 clo?+1 writ+   
mat]ials1 w9e = !  alt>1 & o!r necess>y 
/ores4 ,he return$ ) ! annual  fleet (  
,huron canoes1 hav+ ) him two "y ,fr5*  
laym51  ,r5 ,g\pil & ,guillaume ,c\ture1
 :o _h atta*$ !mselves  )\t pay to !    
mission1 & a few ,indian conv]ts4 ,!y 7 
pass+ ! ,lake ( ,/4 ,pet]1 9 ! ,/4      

,lawr5ce riv]1 :5  !y 7 sudd5ly attack$ 
by a w>-p>ty ( ,mohawks4 ,!  great] "p (
 ! ,hurons leap$ a%ore & took to !      
woods4  ,! ,fr5* & _! conv]ts made fight
 = a :ile1 b 7  soon ov]p[]$4 ,fa!r     
,jogues sprang into a clump ( bulru%es  
& might h escap$1 b1 see+ ,g\pil 9 ! h&s
 ( !  savages1 he came =w>d1 resolv$ to 
%>e 8 fate4 ,c\ture1  too1 got away1 b  
came back to jo9 8 companions4 ,9 8     
excitem5t he %ot dead "o ( a b& (       
,mohawks :o sprang ^u  him4 ,! o!rs ru%$
 ^u him1 tore away 8 f+]-nails )  _!    
tee?1 gnaw$ at 8 f+]s l wild bea/s1 &   
?ru/ a  sword ?r\gh "o ( 8 h&s4  #bjb   
,! ,jesuit ?rew 8 arms ab\t 8 fri5d's   
neck1 b !  ,indians dragg$ him away1    
beat him till he 0 s5seless1 &  :5 he   
reviv$ lac]at$ 8 f+]s z !y _h done ^? ( 
,c\ture4 ,g\pil 0 !n treat$ 9 ! same    
mann]4 ,!y set (f  ) _! prison]s = !    
,mohawk t[ns1 r[+ across ,lake  ,*ampla9
 & ,lake ,george4 ,?irte5 days (        
horrible suff]+  7 pass$ on ! j\rney4   
,at la/ !y rea*$ a palisad$  village1   

built ^u a hill on ! banks ( ! ,mohawk  
riv]4 ,at  ! entrance ! prison]s 7 =c$  
to run ! gauntlet4 ,!n  !y 7 plac$ on a 
high plat=m1 disfigur$1 livid1 &  /ream+
 ) blood1 & ! cr[d proce$$ to c>ess !m4 
,a  ,*ri/ian ,algonqu9 woman1 a prison] 
among !m1 0 compell$  to cut (f !       
prie/'s left ?umb ) a clam-%ell4 ,g\pil 
0  mutilat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! torture  
la/$ all day4 ,at  night ! captives 7   
/ret*$ on _! backs ) limbs  ext5d$1 & _!
 wri/s & ankles fa/5$ to /akes4 ,!      
*ildr5 n[ amus$ !mselves by plac+ live  
coals on _!  nak$ bodies4 ,= ?ree days m
 !y 7 expos$ on !  scaffold2 !n !y 7 l$ 
to two o!r ,mohawk t[ns 9 turn1  & at   
ea* ! tortures 7 repeat$4 ,once "s      
,huron prison]s  7 plac$ on ! same      
plat=m ) !m1 & ,fa!r ,jogues  f\nd an   
opportunity to conv]t !m 9 ! mid/ ( !   
torture1  & to baptize !m ) a few       
ra9-drops f an e> ( corn  t _h be5 ?r[n 
to him = food4 ,c\ture1 hav+ won !      
respect ( ! savages by 8 intrepid be>+1 
0 adopt$ into  "o ( _! families1 & ga9$ 

9 "t great influ5ce ov]  !m4 ,g\pil 0 "o
 day detect$ mak+ ! sign ( ! cross on  !
 =ehead ( a *ild1 & = ?is 0 kill$ by a  
bl[ f a  hat*et1 fall+ at ! feet ( ,fa!r
 ,jogues1 :o gave him  absolution be=e  
he expir$4 ,! prie/ himself1 w>n$ e  h\r
 t 8 dea? 0 ne>1 & hat$ by 8 captors1 :o
  ?\ght he br\ght bad luck to _! hunt+  
p>ties1 0 dragg$  ar\nd f place to      
place1 n[ foll[+ ! hunt]s ?r\gh !  =e/1 
n[ labor+ 9 ! villages to conv]t ! old  
m5 &  squaws1 or baptize dy+ *ildr54 ,he
 br\ght firewood = 8  ma/]s1 did _!     
bidd+ )\t a murmur1 0 sil5t "u  _!      
abuse2 b1 :5 !y revil$ 8 fai?1 he rose )
 a  maje/ic air1 & rebuk$ !m z "o hav+  
au?ority4    ,he _h be5 ne>ly a ye> 9   
slav]y :5 ! ,indians took him  ) !m on a
 trad+ visit to ! ,dut* at ,=t ,orange1 
7,albany47 ,we c imag9e h[ 8 he>t mu/ h 
beat at !  sight ( a :ite face aft] 8   
long bani%m5t b he _h no  ?\ght ( turn+ 
back aft] 8 h& _h once be5 put to !     
pl\gh1 & no plans ( escape ent]$ 8 m9d4 
,:ile "h1  h[ev]1 he le>n$ t ! ,indians 

( ! village _h at la/  resolv$ to kill  
him z soon z he return$4 ,he _h f\nd    
means  to w>n ! ,fr5* at ,?ree ,riv]s ( 
int5d$ trea*]y on !  "p ( "s ,mohawk    
visitors1 & ! savages _h det]m9$ to  be 
rev5g$4 ,to tru/ himself long] 9 _! h&s 
w\ld n be  h]oism1 b foolh>d9ess4 ,a    
,dut* settl] nam$ ,van ,curl]  (f]$ him 
a passage1 9 a little vessel !n ly+ 9 ! 
,hudson1 ei!r to ,bordeaux or ,ro*elle4 
,! ,jesuit sp5t a night  9 pray]1 & !n  
resolv$ to accept ! proposal4 ,) !      
assi/ance ( 8 ,dut* fri5ds1 & aft]      
sev]al n>r[ escapes  f detection1 he got
 away f 8 savage ma/]s by night1  r[$ to
 ! vessel 9 a boat :i* ! settl]s left = 
8 use  on ! %ore1 & 0 k9dly receiv$ by !
 sailors & /[$  away 9 ! hold4  #bjc    
,!re he rema9$ half-/ifl$ = two days & a
 half1 :ile !  enrag$ ,mohawks ransack$ 
! settlem5t & se>*$ ! vessel4  ,= bett] 
security until ! day ( sail+1 he 0 !n   
conceal$ 9 ! g>ret ( a h\se on %ore1 :]e
 8 ho/ /ole  ! provisions t ! k9d-he>t$ 
,dut*m5 s5t = 8 use4  ,! ,dut* dom9ie1  

,megapol5sis1 visit$ him "h1 & did all  
he  c\ld = 8 com=t4 ,at la/1 an ord]    
came f ,manhattan t  he %\ld be s5t d[n 
to ! ,director-,g5]al ,kieft1 :o        
ex*ang$ 8 squalid ,indian dress = a suit
 ( ,dut* clo?1 &  gave him passage 9 a  
small vessel to ,falm\?4 ,aft] v>i\s    
adv5tures1 hav+ fall5 into ! h&s (      
robb]s 9 !  ,engli% port1 & made 8 way  
to ,france 9 a coal-vessel1 he  pres5t$ 
himself1 on ! morn+ ( ! #e? ( ,janu>y1  
#afdd1  clad 9 tatt]s1 at ! door ( !    
,jesuit college 9 ,r5nes4 ,he  ask$ = ! 
fa!r rector1 b 0 told t he 0 busy &     
c\ld n be se54 ,tell him1 if y please1  
said ,fa!r ,jogues1  t a man f ,canada  
w\ld speak a few words ) him4 ,!        
,canada mission 0 an object ( deep      
int]e/ at ?is "t all  ?r\gh ! society1 &
 ! fa!r rector1 ?\gh he 0 ab\t  ve/+ =  
mass1 ord]$ ! man to be admitt$4 ,he    
ask$ _m  que/ions ab\t ! affairs (      
,canada1 & at la/ inquir$ if  ! /rang]  
knew ,fa!r ,jogues4    ,i "k him v well1
 0 ! reply4    ,! ,iroquois h tak5 him1 

cont9u$ ! rev]5d ,sup]ior4  ,is he dead8
    ,no1 answ]$ ! mission>y1 he is alive
 & at lib]ty4 ,i am  he4 ,!n he fell on 
8 knees & ask$ ! rector's bless+4    ,8 
arrival 0 celebrat$1 z we might well    
suppose1 ) great  rejoic+4 ,he 0 summon$
 to ,p>is1 :]e ! que5 kiss$ 8  mutilat$ 
h&s & ! :ole c\rt /rove to honor him4 ,!
  bl&i%m5ts ( ! great1 h[ev]1 gave no   
pleasure to ?is  sc>r$ vet]an ( ,*ri/'s 
army4 ,he long$ to be aga9 9 !  field1 &
 9 two or ?ree mon?s he sail$ once m =  
,canada4    ,9 ! mean "t ! missions _h  
f>$ ill4 ,viol5t w>f>e  rag$ betwe5 !   
,iroquois conf$]ation 7( :i* ! ,mohawks 
=m$ a "p7 & ! ,hurons & ,algonqu9s4 ,9  
"o respect &  = a %ort "t ?is 0 ( "s    
b5efit to ! fai?1 = !  ,algonqu9s1      
?reat5$ ) de/ruction by _! m p[]ful     
enemies1 became docile1 & li/5$ m       
readily to !  exhortations ( ! ,fr5*    
prie/s4 ,yet !y 7 rapidly  approa*+     
ext]m9ation4 ,:ole villages 7 de/roy$ 9 
!  p]iodical incursions ( ! ,iroquois4  
,! neophytes 7  massacr$4 ,! mission>ies

 7 int]cept$ on _! j\rneys4  ,fa!r      
,joseph ,bressani 0 captur$ on 8 way to 
! ,huron  c\ntry 9 ! spr+ ( #afdd4 ,"o (
 8 ,indian companions 0  roa/$ & eat5   
be=e 8 eyes4 ,! fa!r himself 0 beat5  ) 
/icks until he 0 cov]$ ) blood4 ,8 h&s 7
  fe>fully mutilat$4 ,8 f+]s 7 slit2 "o 
day a nail w\ld  be burn$ (f2 ! next1 a 
jo9t4 ,he 0 made to walk on hot  c9d]s4 
,he 0 giv5 up to ! *ildr5 to be tortur$4
 ,he 0  hang$ by ! feet ) *a9s4 ,he 0   
ti$ to ! gr\nd1 &  food 0 plac$ ^u 8    
nak$ body t ! dogs might lac]ate  him z 
!y ate4 ,t5 weeks aft]w>d he wrote to ! 
fa!r-g5]al at ,rome3 ,i d n "k if y\r   
pat]nity w  recognize ! h&writ+ ( "o :om
 y once knew v well4  #bjd  ,! lett] is 
soil$ & ill-writt52 because ! writ] has 
only  "o f+] ( 8 "r h& left entire1 & _c
 prev5t !  blood f 8 w\nds1 :i* are /ill
 op51 f /a9+ !  pap]4 ,8 ink is gunp[d] 
mix$ ) wat]1 & 8 table is  ! e>?4 ,he   
surviv$ & 0 c>ri$ to ,=t ,orange1 :]e ! 
,dut* ransom$ him & s5t him back to     
,france4 ,! next spr+  he too return$ & 

succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! ,hurons4 ,fa!r de     
,n\1 :om we h m5tion$ z "o ( ! fir/     
companions ( ,le  ,jeune1 p]i%$ 9 ! sn[ 
9 ,febru>y1 #afdf1 on ! way f  ,quebec  
to a ,fr5* port at ! m\? ( ! riv]       
,ri*elieu1  :]e he 0 to he> confessions4
 ,a peace _h inde$ be5  conclud$ ) !    
,mohawks j be=e ,jogues' return1 b a    
peace ) !m c\ld be no bett] ?an a       
prec>i\s truce4  ,c\ture1 :o _h be5 )   
,fa!r ,jogues 9 8 captivity1 &  become a
 p]son ( consid]ation ) ! tribe1 _h     
r5d]$  good s]vice 9 ! negotiation1 &   
w\ld cont9ue to s]ve 8  c\ntrym5 to !   
utmo/ ( 8 p[]2 yet x 0 felt t to  keep !
 ,indians to _! engagem5ts an ag5t (    
/ill high]  p]sonal "* 0 requir$1 &     
,fa!r ,jogues 0 assign$  to ! duty4 ,i  
%all g1 he wrote to a fri5d1 b ,i %all n
  return4    ,8 mission 0 p>tly         
political1 b ma9ly1 ( c\rse1  religi\s4 
,by ! advice ( an ,algonqu9 conv]t1 he  
ex*ang$  8 cassock = a civilian's       
d\blet1 n wi%+ to irritate !  savages by
 a premature decl>ation ( 8 heav5ly     

message4 ,he  held a c\ncil ) ! head m5 
( ! ,mohawks1 pres5t$ !  gifts ( !      
,canadian gov]nm5t1 & !n set ab\t f\nd+ 
a  new mission1 to be call$ ! ,mission (
 ! ,m>tyrs4 ,!re 7  ?ree pr9cipal clans 
among ! ,mohawks--^? ( ! ,be>1 !        
,tortoise1 & ! ,wolf4 ,! fir/ 7 bitt]   
foes ( ! ,fr5*1  & eag] = w>2 ! o!rs    
/ood out resolutely = peace4  ,_m 7 !   
fi]ce debates ar\nd _! c\ncil-fires :e!r
  ! mission>y %\ld be kill$ or n4 ,at   
la/1 "o day1 a b&  ( w>riors ( ! ,be>   
clan met ! prie/ & a "y lay  companion (
 81 nam$ ,lal&e1 9 ! woods1 /ripp$ !m1 &
  l$ !m 9 triumph to ! t[n4 ,!re !y 7   
beat5 )  /icks1 & /rips ( fle% 7 cut f  
,fa!r ,jogues' back &  arms4 ,9 ! ev5+1 
! prie/ 0 sitt+ 9 "o ( !  lodges1 :5 an 
,indian ent]$ & invit$ him to a fea/4   
,to  refuse w\ld h be5 an insult4 ,he   
arose & foll[$ !  mess5g] to ! cab9 ( ! 
*ief ( ! ,be>s4 ,z he b5t 8  head to    
ent]1 a savage1 conceal$ )91 clove 8    
skull ) a  hat*et1 ! weapon cutt+ ?r\gh 
! arm ( an ,indian :o  tri$ to av]t !   

bl[4 ,! m>tyr sank at ! feet ( 8        
murd]]4 ,8 head 0 in/antly cut (f1 &    
/uck ^u !  palisade :i* enclos$ ! t[n1 &
 8 body 0 ?r[n into  ! riv]4 ,! next day
 ,lal&e 0 kill$1 & 8 rema9s  receiv$ !  
same treatm5t4      ,! murd] ( ,fa!r    
,jogues 0 ! signal = a reop5+ ( !  w> ) 
! coloni/s & _! allies1 & among ! fir/  
victims 7 ! ,algonqu9 conv]ts4 ,we h no 
space to relate  ! /ory ( ! surprise (  
_! villages1 ! %ock+ torture  ( !       
captives1 or ! massacre ( ! *ildr51 !   
old1 &  ! infirm4 ,b "s ( ! prison]s    
escap$1 & ! adv5tures  ( "o ( !m 7 s    
int]e/+ t we _c resi/ !  temptation to  
copy !m f ! animat$ n>rative ( ,p>kman4 
#bje  ,?is 0 an ,algonqu9 woman nam$    
,m>ie1 ^: husb& _h be5  burn$ ) o!r     
captives4 ,"o night1 :ile ! savages 7   
danc+ & %riek+ r\nd ! flames 9 :i* "o ( 
h]  c\ntrym5 0 be+ consum$1 %e /ole away
 into ! =e/4  ,! gr\nd 0 cov]$ ) sn[1 s1
 le/ h] foot/eps %\ld  betray h]1 %e    
retrac$ ! beat5 pa? 9 :i* ! ,indians _h 
already travell$ until %e came ne> a    

village ( ! ,onondagas4  ,!re %e hid    
h]self 9 a ?icket1 & at night crept =?  
to  grope 9 ! sn[ = a few gra9s ( corn  
left f ! la/  ye>'s h>ve/4 ,%e saw _m   
,indians f h] lurk+-place1 &  once a    
tall savage ) an axe came directly t[>d 
h]1 b %e  murmur$ a pray] & he turn$    
away4 ,c]ta9 ( dea? if  discov]$1 &     
di%e>t5$ at ! prospect ( ! long &       
t]rible j\rney ?r\gh ! froz5 wild]ness  
to ,canada1 %e  tri$ to commit suicide  
by hang+ h]self ) h] girdle1 b  x broke 
twice1 & %e pluck$ up he>t4 ,) no clo?+ 
b a  ?9 tunic1 %e travell$ on1 direct+  
h] c\rse by ! sun1  & liv+ ^u roots & ! 
inn] b>k ( trees1 & n[ &  !n cat*+      
tortoises 9 ! brooks4 ,at night %e k9dl$
 a  fire by ! friction ( two /icks 9 "s 
deep nook ( !  =e/1 w>m$ h]self1 cook$  
h] food1 if %e _h any1 & said  h] ros>y4
 ,once %e discov]$ a p>ty ( ,iroquois   
w>riors1 b  %e lay conceal$ & !y pass$  
)\t obs]v+ h]4  ,foll[+ _! trail1 %e    
f\nd _! b>k canoe by ! bank (  a riv]4  
,x 0 too l>ge = h] to manage alone1 b ) 

a  hat*et :i* %e _h pick$ up 9 a des]t$ 
camp %e r$uc$ x  to a conv5i5t size1 &  
float$ d[n ! /ream to ! ,/4  ,lawr5ce4  
,h] j\rney 0 n[ mu* easi]4 ,!re 7 eggs (
  wild f[l to be f\nd along ! %ore1 &   
fi% 9 ! riv]1  :i* %e spe>$ ) a %>p     
pole4 ,%e ev5 kill$ de] by  driv+ !m    
into ! wat]1 *as+ !m 9 h] canoe1 &      
/rik+ !m on ! head ) h] hat*et4 ,at !   
end ( two  mon?s %e rea*$ ,montreal1    
aft] h>d%ips :i* no woman b  an ,indian 
c\ld h support$4    ,! c5tral mission ( 
,sa9te ,m>ie 0 mean:ile 9 ! flu% (      
prosp]ity4 ,! build+s includ$ a *ur*1 a 
kit*51 a  refectory1 l>ge rooms =       
spiritual in/ruction & !  ex]cises (    
retreat1 & lodg+s = at lea/ sixty       
p]sons4  ,ar\nd ^! pr9cipal h\ses ran a 
=tifi$ l9e ( palisades  & masonry1      
outside :i* 0 a hospital & a l>ge b>k   
hut  = ! reception ( w&]+ ,indians4 ,"h 
e alt]nate week  ! conv]ts f all !      
,huron villages ga!r$ 9 imm5se  cr[ds to
 att5d div9e s]vice1 celebrat$ ) all !  
pomp  :i* ! res\rces ( ! mission all[$1 

& to p>take =  ?ree days ( ! b\nte\s    
hospitality ( ! good fa!rs4 ,9  times ( 
pe/il5ce & fam9e !y flock$ hi!r =       
relief1  & at "o "t1 9 a ye> ( sc>city1 
z _m z ?ree ?\s&  receiv$ food & %elt]  
at ,sa9te ,m>ie4 ,hi!r1 also1 two or    
?ree times e ye>1 ! ,jesuits--n[        
tw5ty-two 9 numb]1  includ+ f\r         
lay-bro!rs--came toge!r f _! outly+     
missions1 to refre% _! s\ls by mutual   
c\nsel1 & ga!r  /r5g? 9 pray] &         
m$itation = ! "w ( ! next twelve  mon?s4
 ,to assi/ 9 ! manual labor ( !         
e/abli%m5t !re  7 sev5 hir$ m5 & f\r    
boys1 & z a def5ce aga9/ !  dread$      
,iroquois ! comm&ant ( ,quebec _h s5t !m
 a gu>d  ( eight soldi]s4  #bjf  ,!y    
receiv$ also mu* valuable help f !      
donns1 or  giv5 m5--,fr5* laym51 :o f   
pure zeal devot$ !mselves  to ! s]vice (
 ! mission1 travell+ ) ! fa!rs on  _!   
dang]\s j\rneys1 & sometimes %>+--l     
,g\pil1  call$ ! good ,rn--9 ! glories (
 _! m>tyrdom4 ,^!  pi\s m5--secul>s 9   
g>b1 ,fa!r ,gami] call$ !m1 b  religi\s 

9 he>t--receiv$ no pay except a b>e     
ma9t5ance4  ,!re 7 elev5 small] missions
 dep5d5t ^u ,sa9te ,m>ie1  eight among !
 ,hurons & ?ree among ! ,algonqu9s4 ,at 
sev]al  ( !m !re 0 a *ur* :]e e morn+ a 
bell summon$  ! dusky conv]ts to ,mass1 
& e ev5+ !y met aga9 =  pray]4 ,despite 
! enorm\s difficulties ( transportation 
?r\gh t tangl$ wild]ness1 ! fa!rs _h    
f\nd means to  c>ry ) !m f place to     
place l>ge color$ pictures1 gay         
drap]ies1 & _m a %[y ornam5t = ! alt> or
 ! walls1  :i* !y well knew w\ld inve/  
_! rude *apels ) an  almo/ irresi/ible  
attraction = ! savage m9d4 ,9 _m        
villages ! ,*ri/ians1 by ! ye> #afdi1   
outnumb]$ !  pagans4 ,sundays &         
fea/-days 7 almo/ :olly devot$ to       
religi\s ex]cises2 & if ! ,indians _h n 
:olly ab&on$  _! b>b>\s & cruel         
practices1 x is c]ta9 t !  f]ocity ev5 (
 ^? :o refus$ to become ,*ri/ians 0     
s5sibly tam$4    ,b ! season ( good     
=tune :i* foll[$ ! m>tyrdom (  ,g\pil & 
,jogues 0 de/9$ to be b %ort4 ,!        

increas+  ho/ility ( ! ,iroquois 0 to be
 ! de/ruction at once (  ! ,huron nation
 & ( ! high hopes :i* _h be5 built ^u  t
 p4 ,yet x may be que/ion$ :e!r !       
,jesuits w\ld  h long be5 left at peace 
ev5 _h ^! t]rible foes kept  )9 ! range 
( _! own villages4 ,ev5 among ! ,hurons 
!  murmurs ( suspicion & dislike _h     
begun to be he>d aga94 ,!  ,fr5* c]emony
 ( pray]1 said ! savages1 _h blight$ !  
crops1 & ! my/ic rites ( ! prie/s _h    
br\ght fam9e &  desolation ^u ! nation4 
,!re 0 ev5 a /ory1 widely  believ$ 9 !  
,huron lodges1 t an ,indian girl1       
baptiz$  be=e h] dea?1 _h be5 to ! ,fr5*
 heav51 &1 aft]  suff]+ horrible torm5ts
 !re f ! pale faces1 _h made  h] escape 
back to e>? to det] h] c\ntrym5 f ru%+  
to  ! same fate4 ,a "y ,fr5*man 9 !     
s]vice ( ! mission  _h be5 trea*]\sly   
murd]$2 & ?\gh ! mission>ies by a  wise 
%[ ( resolution _h compell$ ! nation to 
make  satisfaction = ! outrage by !     
c]emoni\s (f]+ (  num]\s /r+s ( wampum1 
& _h ?us re/or$ _! wan+  influ5ce1 x 0  

cle> t _! position at ! be/ 0  extremely
 prec>i\s1 & t p]secution1 if x came n f
  abroad1 w\ld pretty surely be comm5c$ 
at home4 ,!  cata/rophe1 !re=e1 :5 x    
came1 f\nd ! prie/s n  unprep>$4 ,= ye>s
 !y _h c>ri$ _! lives 9 _!  h&s1 ready  
to ca/ !m d[n at any mom5t4 ,= ye>s !y  
_h  walk$ ?r\gh ! valley ( ! %ad[ (     
dea?1 & 9 !  mid/ ( ! d>k riv] & 9 !    
bitt] wat]s !y knew t  ! almighty ,arm 0
 /ret*$ =? to hold !m up4    ,! f9al act
 op5$ at ! village ( ,teanau/ay1 or ,/4 
,joseph1 on ! s\?-ea/]n fronti] ( !     
,huron c\ntry4  #bjg  ,on ! #d? ( ,july1
 #afdh1 ,fa!r ,daniel1 fre% f 8 annual  
retreat at ,sa9te ,m>ie1 _h j f9i%$     
,mass1 & 8  congregation 7 /ill kneel+ 9
 ! *ur*1 :5 ! ,iroquois  bur/ ^u ! t[n &
 attack$ ! palisade :i* surr\nd$  x4 ,! 
prie/1 aft] rally+ ! w>riors to def5d _!
  homes1 ran f h\se to h\se urg+        
unbeliev]s to rep5t4 ,a  panic-/rick5   
cr[d fell at 8 knees & decl>$ !mselves  
,*ri/ians1 & he baptiz$ !m ) wat]       
spr9kl$ f a wet  h&k]*ief1 = !re 0 no "t

 to d m4 ,:5 ! palisade  0 brok5 d[n1 he
 %[$ 8 flock h[ to escape at ! o!r  end 
( ! t[n4 ,i w /ay "h1 said he4 ,we %all 
meet  aga9 9 heav54 ,he w\ld n fly :ile 
!re 0 a s\l to be  sav$ 9 ! village4 ,9 
8 prie/ly ve/m5ts he w5t out to  !      
*ur*-door to meet ! ,iroquois4 ,= a     
mom5t !y paus$ 9  amazem5t4 ,!n1 pi]c$ )
 scores ( arr[s & a musket-ball  ?r\gh !
 he>t1 he fell1 gasp+ ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,! 
savages hack$ 8 lifeless body1 ba!d _!  
faces 9 8 blood  to make !m brave1 &    
consum$ 9 "o great conflagration !      
village1 ! *ur*1 & ! sacr$ rema9s4    ,!
 foll[+ ,m>* ! missions ( ,/4 ,l\is &   
,/4 ,ignace 7  burn$ by ! same t]rible  
enemy4 ,at ! latt] 7 two ( !  ,jesuits2 
,brbeuf1 /urdy (fspr+ ( a w>rior race1 )
 all  ! soldi]ly *>act]i/ics ( 8 ,norman
 ance/ors2 &  ,lalemant1 delicate 9 body
 & 9 _s1 yet 9 ! glori\s  cause no :it  
less c\rage\s & resolute ?an 8 /rong]   
companion4 ,!y 7 seiz$ by _! captors1 & 
,brbeuf 0  b\nd to a /ake1 &1 z he ceas$
 n to exhort & enc\rage  ! conv]t       

prison]s1 ! ,iroquois scor*$ him f head 
to  foot to sil5ce him4 ,t fail+1 !y cut
 away 8 l[] lip1  & ?ru/ a r$-hot iron  
d[n 8 ?roat1 yet /ill he held  himself  
erect )\t utt]+ a groan4 ,lalemant1 l$  
out to be  burn$1 ) /rips ( b>k sme>$ ) 
pit* ti$ ab\t 8  nak$ body1 broke loose 
f 8 gu>ds & ca/ himself at !  h]o's     
feet1 cry+ out 9 a brok5 voice3 ,we are 
made a  spectacle to ! _w1 to angels1 & 
to m54 ,he 0  imm$iately seiz$ & made   
fa/ to a po/1 & z ! flames  envelop$ him
 he ?rew up 8 arms to heav5 ) a %riek ( 
agony4 ,brbeuf1 ) a coll> ( r$-hot      
hat*ets r\nd 8 neck  & ) 8 h&s & nose   
cut (f1 _h to witness ! tortures  ( 8   
fri5d & c\ld n ev5 utt] a ^w ( com=t4   
,an  apo/ate ,indian 9 ! cr[d cri$ out1 
,baptize !m6 baptize  !m6 ,in/antly     
kettles 7 plac$ ^u ! fire1 ! prie/s'    
scalps 7 torn away1 & scald+ wat] 0 p\r$
 sl[ly ov]  _! ble$+ heads4 ,brbeuf's   
feet 7 next cut (f1 /rips (  fle% 7     
slic$ f 8 limbs & eat5 be=e 8 eyes1 &   
at la/1 :5 life 0 ne>ly ext9ct1 !       

savages laid op5 8  brea/1 tore out 8   
he>t & dev\r$ x1 & ?rong$ ar\nd  !      
mangl$ corpse to dr9k ! blood ( s       
magnific5t &  indomitable a h]o4 ,8     
torm5ts _h la/$ f\r h\rs4 ,fa!r         
,lalemant1 ?\gh a man ( extreme         
feebl5ess ( con/itution1  surviv$ !     
torture sev5te5 h\rs1 wri?+ ?r\gh !     
night  9 ! mo/ excruciat+ suff]+s1 until
 an ,iroquois1 surfeit$  ) ! long       
ent]ta9m5t1 kill$ him ) a hat*et4       
,?is massacre 0 ! dea?-knell ( ! ,huron 
mission--( !  mission1 t is to say1 9 ! 
=m & ext5t 9 :i* !  society _h orig9ally
 design$ x4  #bjh  ,o!r villages 7      
burn$2 two o!r mission>ies1 ,gami] &    
,*abanel1 7 m>tyr$2 ! entire e/abli%m5t 
0 )drawn  f ,sa9te ,m>ie2 & ! mis]able  
remnant ( ! ,hurons 0  scatt]$ f> &     
wide4 ,a portion ( !m1 aft] a w9t] (    
/>vation1 emb>k$ ) ! surviv+ mission>ies
 = ,quebec1  & ne> t city f\nd$ a       
settlem5t1 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian  fai? 0     
pres]v$ & is *]i%$ to ?is day4 ,o!rs    
volunt>ily ab&on$ _! nationality & 7    

adopt$ into !  ,s5eca tribe ( !         
,iroquois1 :]e eighte5 ye>s aft]w>d _m  
( !m 7 f\nd to be /ill good ,ca?olics4  
,! /ory :i* we h briefly trac$ 9 its mo/
 /rik+  outl9es is b "o *apt] 9 ! long  
hi/ory ( ! labors1  ! suff]+s1 & !      
glori\s a*ievem5ts ( ! ,jesuits 9  ,nor?
 ,am]ica4 ,we w\ld gladly h foll[$ !m   
fur!r 9  _! j\rneys ?r\gh ! wild]ness1  
trac$ !m ) a ,huron  remnant 9 ! f> we/1
 & l+]$ = a :ile ab\t _!  headqu>t]s at 
,quebec wat*+ ! gr[? ( ! c5tral         
e/abli%m5t :i* s5t =? its apo/les to !  
great lakes on  ! "o h&1 & ?r\gh ! =e/s 
( ,ma9e to ! sea-coa/  on ! o!r4 ,b we  
mu/ br+ our /ory to a close4 ,! record  
( _! "w has be5 well pres]v$ 9 ! ?ree   
books ^:  titles we h plac$ at ! head ( 
?is article4 ,! hi/ory by  ,mr4 ,john   
,g4 ,%ea1 to :om ,ca?olics 9 g5]al &    
,am]ican  ,ca?olics especially are "u ! 
deepe/ obligations = 8  c>eful &        
successful rese>*es1 is ! fulle/ &1 we  
d\bt  n1 ! mo/ correct4 ,! n>rative (   
,mr4 ,p>kman1 :i* we  h foll[$ closely1 

giv+ 9 "s p>ts ( our article m]ely  an  
ab/ract ( :at he has told 9 picturesque 
detail1 is writt5  9 a *>m+ /yle1 & is  
valuable z te/imony to ! exalt$  "* ( ! 
mission>ies f "o :o has no sympa?y )  _!
 fai? & is unable to appreciate _!      
piety4    ,! ,iroquois1 9 de/roy+ !     
,huron nation1 & ) x !  ,algonqu9s1 to  
:om ! ,hurons _h hi!rto s]v$ z a bulw>k1
  _h de/roy$ ! ,jesuit s*eme ( a        
,*ri/ian ,indian empire2 b  ! labor ( ! 
mission>ies _h n be5 9 va94 ,! se$  :i* 
!y _h plant$ 0 n all[$ to die4 ,! exiles
 c>ri$  ! sacr$ deposit ( fai? ) !m 9 _!
 w&]+s1 z !  ,israelites 9 ! wild]ness  
bore ! ark ( ! cov5ant4 ,ye>s  aft]w>d1 
:5 ,fa!r ,grelon1 "o ( ^? :o escap$ f ! 
,iroquois massacre1 0 travell+ 9 ! he>t 
( ,t>t>y1 he met  a ,huron woman :o _h  
le>n$ ! tru? f him 9 ! little  *apel at 
,sa9te ,m>ie1 & aft] ! f9al cata/rophe  
_h be5  sold f tribe to tribe until %e  
rea*$ ! int]ior ( ,asia4  ,%e knelt at 8
 feet1 & 9 h] native tongue1 :i* %e _h  
n spok5 nor ! prie/ he>d = ye>s1 %e made

 h]  confession4 ,nor 0 x only 9 !      
fidelity ( individuals t  ! mission>ies 
reap$ _! h>ve/4 ,:51 aft] ! ru9 (  _!   
ent]prise on ! %ores ( ! ,georgian ,bay1
 !y s5t  _! undaunt$ prea*]s among t    
t]rible p :o _h  wr\ght su* havoc1 h[ c 
we d\bt t ! blood ( ,brbeuf  & 8 bre?r5 
0 p]mitt$ to fructify _! labors1 & t  ! 
sa9tly m5 :o gave _! suff]+s = ! poor   
savage  dur+ s _m ye>s plead$ & prevail$
 9 ! same great  cause aft] !y _h ent]$ 
into _! rew>d8    ------    #bji        
,translat$ f ,le ,correspondant4        
,le>n$ ,wom5 & ,/udi\s ,wom54        ,by
 ,monseigneur ,dupanl\p4                
7,conclud$47                   ,,vii4   
,advantages ( ,intellectual ,labor4     
,i d n recomm5d self-culture m]ely = !  
p]sonal  satisfaction ( wom51 or 9 ord] 
t !y may h m5tal  gratification4 ,/udy  
is evid5tly useful & important = !      
accompli%m5t ( important duties4 ,is x n
 a conv5i5ce1 9  se a tea*] or gov]ness1
 = "o's daught]s to und]/& :at  is call$
 le fond du mti] bett] ?an !y d1 s t  "o

 may sup]9t5d & direct !m1 & ev5 if     
necess>y1  supply _! place8 ,%\ld a "m  
give h] *ildr5 life &  !n leave ! duties
 ( mat]nity 9 ! h&s ( m]c5>ies1  no     
matt] h[ consci5ti\s & devot$ !y may be8
    ,b x is 9 relation to sons t mat]nal
 ignorance has !  mo/ fatal results4 ,n 
only is a wife n consult$ ab\t h]  boys1
 b1 if %e makes any objection to an     
irreligi\s s*ool1  ! husb& answ]s3 ,i   
wi% my son to h a c>e]4 ,i %all  place  
him :]e he w be prep>$ = x4 ,y d n "k   
ev5  ! names ( ! sci5ces he mu/         
acquire--leave ! direction (  8         
education to me4 ,& :5 ! little         
individual leaves  s*ool1 puff$ up )    
conceit r ?an ) k1 &  ! "m's ,*ri/ian   
he>t %[s h] ! sophi/ry ) :i*  h] son's  
m9d has be5 fill$1 %e mu/ keep sil5ce = 
want (  "o s+le fact1 "o precise datum 9
 h] memory to oppose  to p]il\s errors4 
,(t5 a fa!r1 engag$ 9 "s especial c>e]1 
loses sight (  ! lit]>y or arti/ic      
movem5t :i* int]e/s 8 son 9  e>ly       
manhood4 ,!n is ! "t :5 an intellig5t1  

well-in=m$ "m c\ld initiate him 9       
pursuits :i* %e has  lov$ & cultivat$   
all h] life4 ,%e c\ld po9t out to him   
good au?ors & books wor? read+1 read )  
him1 tea* him to  reject dang]\s writ]s 
& bad books1 & /imulate 8 ta/e  = /udy1 
by direct+ x to noble objects4          
,surely a "m is b\nd to *]i% ! body & ! 
s\l ( h]  *ild4 ,inde$1 h] place may be 
m easily fill$ ) respect  to ! details (
 physical education1 ?an to ^? (        
intellectual & moral tra9+4 ,_m p]sons c
 assi/ h] 9  ! =m]2 ) reg>d to ! latt]1 
%e (t5 /&s alone1  & sometimes surr\nd$ 
by ob/acles4    ,to foll[ a "y man's    
m5tal developm5t & c\rse ( /udy1  to    
wat* ov] him & guide him ) ! au?ority   
belong+ to a  rectitude ( judgm5t :i*   
c>ries conviction along ) x1 &  to an   
enlight5$ und]/&+ :i* unites ) goodness 
9  inspir+ admiration & confid5ce--all  
?is presupposes a r>e  comb9ation (     
m5tal qualities4  #baj  ,h[ _m mo!rs !re
 are :o lose _! hold ^u a son's s\l     
because !y h n borne1 nurs$1 re>$1 &    

n\ri%$ 8  und]/&+ z well z 8 physical   
be+4 ,to be a "m1 a  "m 9 all !         
elevation1 ext5t1 & dep? ( t great  "n6 
,?is aim alone ju/ifies a woman's noble/
 ef=ts to  acquire ! highe/ intellectual
 culture4    ,b if y agree to favor ! m5
 developm5t ( wom51 = !  sake ev5 (     
dome/ic usefulness1 accept ?is          
developm5t 9 its  complet5ess2 d n      
impose ^u x arbitr>y limits4 ,!re are   
m9ds t _c unfold 9 mutilation or        
inaction1 :i* ne$  expansion1 z ,/4     
,augu/9e says1 to become /rong4    ,a   
woman :o1 f a s5tim5t = art or          
lit]ature1 has  develop$ tal5t1 does n  
lose1 by becom+ skilful1 !  advantages t
 m$iocre faculties w\ld h giv5 h]4 ,we  
may  feel sure t gifts ( ?is nature     
answ] to duties1 & f9d  !mselves 9      
h>mony ) ! provid5tial de/9y ( _!       
possessors4    ,i d n believe1 ) ,m4 de 
,mai/re1 t sci5ce 9 petticoats1  z he   
calls x1 or tal5t ( any description     
:atsoev]1 makes a  woman less excell5t z
 a wife or "m4    ,/udy r5d]s a wife    

wor?y ( h] husb& if he is intellig5t4   
,union c h>dly be pres]v$ 9 a h\sehold  
unless community (  intellect completes 
t ( affection4 ,z a woman loses h]      
y\?ful *>ms1 ! wor? ( h] m9d mu/        
increase 9 h]  husb&'s eyes1 & e/eem    
p]petuate affection4 ,by t "t !  husb&1 
if he has ability1 is ent]+ ^u ! p]iod (
 8  greate/ activity1 :ile too (t5 !    
wife1 br\ght up 9 !  sev]e/ pr9ciples & 
9 habits ( empty occupations1 bores him 
) h] me*anical piety1 h] music1 & h]    
wor/$ "w4 ,a  cr[d ( engross+ duties ga9
 ev] /rong] possession ( !  husb&1 =m+ a
 circle :i* ! unoccupi$ wife _c         
p5etrate1 & ?us is br\ght ab\t betwe5 !m
 :at "o may  call a m5tal sep>ation4    
,on ! o!r h&1 a /udi\s woman %>es h]    
husb&'s  preoccupation1 & su/a9s him 9 8
 labors & /ruggles4 ,%e  foll[s h] husb&
 & prec$es h] son1 occupy+ 9 ! home     
circle a l(ty position t makes h] an aid
 & advis] to its  ma/]4 ,%e feels t he  
is pr\d ( h]1 & ne$s h]1 b  ?is does n  
make h] presumptu\s4 ,%e leans securely 

on h]  happ9ess1 feel+ confid5t t no?+ c
 %ake a union  =m$ ^u a pr9ciple (      
p]fect community ( two s\ls & two       
intellig5ces1 feel+ sure t h] love w la/
 z long z  ! s\ls x unites4 ,to a woman 
:o is sup]ior to h] husb&1  /udy gives  
an intellectual alim5t )\t :i* %e w\ld  
feel  rebelli\s1 & 9 su* a h\sehold !re 
may be great happ9ess  & tranquillity4  
,ev5 9 ! case ( a husb& :o is unwor?y  (
 8 wife1 he is =c$ to respect h] = !    
sup]iority (  h] intellect4 ,! /&+ :i*  
%e e>ns = h]self 9 !  _w by h] tal5t &  
virtue1 w9s 8 reg>d1 & %e at lea/  holds
 ! honor ( h] family 9 h] own h&s4      
,woman1 9 becom+ ,*ri/ian1 has become   
man's companion1  socia1 & moreov] an   
aid1 assi/ant1 support1 &  advis]1      
adjutorium4 ,religion1 :ile elevat+ h]  
s\l  & he>t1 has also r5d]$ h] m9d      
capable ( compreh5d+1  sometimes (      
equall+1 b mo/ especially ( assi/+ !    
intellig5ce ( man4 ,:ile leav+ h]       
physically weak1 ,god has  implant$ 9 h]
 ! g]ms ( e greatness & e moral  p[]4   

#baa  ,!re has nev] be5 a noble "w 9 :i*
 wom5 h n  assi/$2 z ! tea*]s ( m51 z _!
 inspir]s1 & (t5  z ! companions ( _!   
labor1 ! _w has se5 wom5 devote         
intellect & life to ^? :om !y lov$1     
dwell+ on a level  ) ?\ghts :i*1 be+    
confid$ fir/ to !m1 _h drawn a  swift & 
/rong developm5t f ! d\ble influ5ce4    
,woman  owes to education ! union ( h]  
intellectual life to t (  man4 ,%e has  
work$ = him1 %e has work$ l him = ,god1 
&  man has drawn a subtile gr[? f !     
frail creature entru/$  to 8 protection4
    ,i "k no?+ m g5]\s ?an an intimacy t
 does n /op  at a conjugal union (      
int]e/s or ev5 ( affections1 b  passes  
on to ! doma9 ( ?\ght4 ,i h se5 su*     
unions4 ,i  "k too m ?an "o fa!r1 :o1   
not)/&+ 8 r>e  intellig5ce1 mu/ h left !
 "w ( a lifetime unf9i%$  b = ! aid ( a 
m9d plac$ at ! s]vice ( 8 age &         
infirmity by filial devotion4    ,i     
believe t a woman's acquirem5ts help h] 
to fulfil great  duties t[>d h] husb&1 &
 ,i "k _m m5 7no (f5ce to ,m4  de       

,mai/re7 :o c\ld get along bett] ) a    
savante ?an  ) a coquette4    ,s f> ,i h
 spok5 ( dome/ic life4 ,let u n[ exam9e 
!  "q ) reg>d to society1 tak+ ! foll[+ 
!ses to  argue4    ,i ma9ta9 t1 if ! _w 
7 m indulg5t & refra9$  f laun*+ /upid  
ana!mas at /udi\s wom51 ^? :o h  su*    
ta/es w\ld indulge !m )\t fancy+        
!mselves to be  extraord9>y p]sons2 & t 
!y w\ld infuse a c]ta9 life  into       
society1 ev5 if _! numb] 7 limit$4      
,p]haps !  /&>d ( conv]sation1          
occupations1 & ideas w\ld rise1 &       
elevat$ subjects inspire m int]e/4 ,:o  
w\ld compla9 (  su* a *ange8    ,in/ead 
( end+ _! education on a c]ta9 fix$ day1
 &  ?r[+ !mselves he>t & s\l into       
society1 "y wom5  w\ld pres]ve ! habits 
( intellectual tra9+2 !y w\ld  c>ry on &
 complete = !mselves1 _! husb& & _!     
*ildr5 ! education already comm5c$2 "s  
cultivat+ art1  o!rs writ+ or /udy+1    
o!rs read+4 ,?us !y w\ld  become        
acqua9t$ ) ! int]e/s ( religion &       
society2  ) op9ions & books & ideas 9   

g5]al circulation4 ,w\ld  !y n ex]cise a
 new & salut>y influ5ce at home & 9 !   
_w8    ,b x is especially 9 ! prov9ces t
 su* aspirations are  sev]ely criticis$4
 ,^? wom5 h small lib]ty to le>n1 &     
/ill less to make use ( _! acquirem5ts4 
,! mo/ tol]ant  say1 ,/udy on condition 
t y conceal :at y le>n4 ,y\r  :ole inn] 
life claims expansion & sympa?y8 ,nev]  
m9d t6    ,b if y =bid wom5 to write or 
speak ( ! ?+s t  int]e/ !m1 h[ c y      
suppose !y w h ! c\rage to  "w = !      
acquirem5t ( k t is to be buri$ =  ev] 9
 _! own m9ds8    ,& ,i repeat1 if ! /&>d
 ( conv]sation c\ld be rais$ a  little1 
drawn out ( ! monoton\s circle 9 :i* x  
moves1  :]e w\ld be ! h>m8 ,in/ead (    
seek+ 9 society a /]ile  di/raction1 &  
(t5 f9d+ ennui1 if "s int]c\rse  ( m9d  
at lea/1 if n ( he>t & s\l1 c\ld be     
e/abli%$1  replac+ t[n-gossip &         
diss]tations on ! fa%ions by  int]e/+ & 
in/ructive conv]sations f :i* "o c\ld   
d]ive ! advantage t always results f    
ef=t made 9  common to arrive at an     

appreciation ( ! beautiful1 & (  noble  
ideas & int]e/s1 w\ld n ! *ange betok5  
g5u9e  progress8    #bab    ,?is is to  
be f\nd 9 "s salons4 ,!re are homes :]e 
"y girls are n exclud$ f g5]al          
conv]sation4 ,!y are  n1 z else:]e1     
bani%$ to a corn] ( ! draw+-room to     
enjoy ! privilege & habit ( discuss+    
toge!r e sort  ( nons5se1 b are all[$ to
 li/5 to any?+ t int]e/s  !m1 & ev5 to  
talk agreeably )\t be+ ?\ght            
conspicu\s4 ,?is 0 ! habit at ,m4----'s1
 :]e 8 two  daught]s jo9$ ! mo/ s]i\s   
runions1 m+l+ 9  v int]e/+ conv]sations1
 or at lea/ li/5+1 & all  q naturally1  
)\t pret5sion or p$antry4 ,^? two "y    
girls h become v sup]ior wom54 ,h[ _m1  
on ! o!r  h&1 suff] f ennui or become   
det]iorat$1 because  _! active m9ds     
receive no n\ri%m5t6    ,is x !n s      
difficult to prove t ! intellectual     
developm5t ( wom5 ?r\gh lit]ature & !   
f9e arts1 f>  f introduc+ a =eign elem5t
 into _! lives1 or creat+  necessities &
 int]f]+ ) duty1 is1 on ! contr>y1 a    

s\rce ( daily advantage to dome/ic life 
& to society8    ,9 ! dome/ic circle1 ^:
 moral atmosph]e !y create z x  71      
elevat+ or debas+ by _! influ5ce1       
s5tim5ts1  occupations1 & ideas2 & 9    
society1 :]e a well-direct$  employm5t (
 _! tal5ts & cultivation w\ld sub/itute 
solidity = ! holl[ frivolity ( !        
reunions ( ! pres5t  day4 ,= ?ree ye>s  
,i h se5 society 9 ! prov9ces1  writes  
to me a "y woman4 ,x diff]s little f t (
 o!r  7prov9cial7 places1 ,i suppose4   
,ah me6 sometimes at ! end (  ! day ,i  
sum up six or sev5 h\rs sp5t1 ) or aga9/
 my  w1 9 gossip ab\t my neighbors t1   
:ile compromis+  *>ity1 has exhau/$ !   
m9d & n>r[$ ! already n>r[  horizon4    
,is !re no middle c\rse = wom5 betwe5 ! 
folly (  dang]\s & frivol\s amusem5ts1  
su* z balls & !atres1  & ! insupportable
 bore ( p>ties :]e long ev5+ h\rs  are  
sp5t 9 ! smalle/ ( small talk8 ,ef=ts 9 
a diff]5t  direction meet ) success4    
,la/ w9t]1 an intellig5t &  religi\s    
woman1 :o likes society b does n dance1 

tri$ !  exp]im5t 9 a prov9cial t[n4 ,%e 
conceiv$ ! idea ( hav+  really good     
music 9 h] draw+-room4 ,qu>tettes (     
,moz>t &  ,bee?ov5 7 play$4 ,!          
admiration ar\s$ by ^!  *ef-d'oeuvres   
naturally lift$ ! m9d above ! level  (  
^? common preoccupations t f9d _! e*o 9 
society4  ,conv]sation felt ! influ5ce2 
e "o 0 delight$1 &  br\ght away some?+ f
 ^! soires1 :]e ! s5se  ( beauty1 :ile  
reass]t+ itself1 awoke good ?\ghts &    
/r5g!n$ noble s5tim5ts4    ,i ?9k t1 if 
wom5 took ?us ! initiative1 giv+ an     
upw>d  direction to t crav+ = recreation
 :i* we seek to satisfy  9 society2 if  
m5 f\nd o!r ways ( pleas+ wom51 m       
acceptable ?an insipidity & frivolity2  
p]haps wor?less "y  m5 w\ld feel        
!mselves less ma/]s ( ! _w1 & clubs     
w\ld be less g5]ally ! refuge ( g5tlem5 
:o f9d  !mselves bor$ 9 draw+-rooms4    
,if we c\ld conqu] ! t]rible prejudice t
 =bids a woman  to be well educat$1 to  
talk ( or ev5 appe> int]e/$ 9  s]i\s    
?+s1 !re w\ld be a goodly numb] :o w\ld 

take a  nobl] aim & f9d pleasure 9      
some?+ bett] ?an dress4  ,!n1 an        
intellig5t woman w\ld be no great]      
exception ?an "o  :o plays on ! piano1 &
 w\ld n h ^? temptations to  pride1 :i* 
are said to assail h] 9 h] position (   
ph5om5on4    #bac    ,we _c de/roy ! _w1
 b we c ameliorate x1 by giv+  x o!r    
attractions ?an ^? ( idle or intoxicat+ 
pleasure4  ,w\ld n intellectual progress
 pave ! way = moral progress8  ,i "k    
salons :]e1 ?anks to ! dignity &        
intellig5ce ( ! ?\ghtful1 amiable       
ho/ess1 great ev5ts1  noble ideas1 &    
good works ev] f9d an e*o2 :]e solid    
conv]sation /imulates ardor = /udy1 by  
op5+ broad]  intellectual horizons1 &   
:]e pure arti/ic emotions develop a     
love ( ! beautiful4 ,if a little m      
arti/ic & intellectual  life 7 introduc$
 into ,*ri/ian society1 "o w\ld n feel  
oblig$ to g to ! !atre to cat* a few    
reflets1 z ,i  h he>d said1 ev5 9       
families :]e religion 0 9 o!r  respects 
q fai?fully practis$4    ,no d\bt--& "h 

,i sum up ! :ole matt] "u discussion--no
  d\bt1 intellectual culture may pres5t 
?ree p]ils1 b p]ils  easily gu>d$ aga9/4
    #a/4 ,a neglect ( practical duties4 
,?is dang] mu/ be met by  =tify+        
practical education1 by giv+ "y girls   
habits (  ord] & ( regul>ity1 :i* d\ble 
"t & assign a place 9  life to e duty2 &
 above all1 habits ( practical & solid  
piety1 :i* means no?+ else ?an a        
c\rage\s fulfilm5t (  duty4    #b;d4 ,an
 exaltation ( imag9ation1 lead+ "o to   
crave  intellectual enjoym5ts t _c      
always be grant$4    ,"h aga9 piety     
alone c pres]ve equilibrium4 ,!         
important  po9t is1 to make education   
respond to ! gifts ( ,god )\t  ov]load+ 
or smo!r+ !m1 = !y usually br+ ) !m     
c\nt]balanc+ p]ils4 ,excessive culture  
is dang]\s1  insuffici5t culture p]haps 
m s4    #c;d4 ,pride4 ,?is mu/ be       
prev5t$ by good s5se cultivat$ 9 a      
,*ri/ian mann]4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t1 if
 m5tal culture1  l p]sonal *>ms1 c      
excite pride1 /udy has at lea/ a        

c\nt]poise4 ,x gives an enlight5$       
s]i\sness to ! m9d1  :ile successes due 
to beauty & dress _c b be frivol\s  &   
mis*iev\s4    ,pride1 ,i ackn[l$ge1     
af=ds a speci\s plea = ! ma9t5ance  (   
sy/ems re/rict+ fem99e education4 ,we   
w\ld pres]ve to  !m t mode/y :i* is said
 to be _! brighte/ ornam5t4 ,i  agree t 
mode/y is n only a virtue1 b a great    
*>m2 b ,i  am by no means sure t        
ignorance is its be/ gu>dian4  ,nay1    
tak5 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 x is a pagan       
virtue1 t is to  say1 a false or v      
imp]fect quality4 ,give to a woman1 z y 
w\ld to a man1 all ! k1 capacity1       
developm5t ( :i*  %e is susceptible2    
give h] at ! same "t ,*ri/ian humility1 
& %e w be adorn$ ) a mode/ simplicity1  
tru] & m  *>m+ ?an t ( ! poor ,h9doo    
woman :o believes h]self  to be an      
animal1 r sup]ior to ! creatures 9 h]   
p\ltry-y>d1 b v inf]ior 9 nature to h]  
husb&4 ,?is  enlight5$ humility is a    
g5u9e virtue1 ! "m ( _m  o!r virtues1 ! 
inspir] ( a high degree ( p]fection4 ,= 

humility does n prev5t our recogniz+ !  
progress we h  made4 ,by op5+ our eyes  
to ! m]its ( o!rs1 x %[s u  our own     
defects2 & if we 7 to atta9 ! summit (  
human  ability1 x w\ld hold up an ideal 
sup]iority t %\ld  /imulate ef=t )\t    
ar\s+ ei!r pride or disc\ragem5t4       
#bad    ,we may be sure t a cultivat$   
m9d is ( all o!rs ! be/  fitt$ to a     
compreh5sion ( duty4 ,x is intellig5t   
humilty1  t is to say1 true mode/y1 :i* 
pres]ves u f p$antry4    ,vanity6 ,t is 
! great dang]1 x is said4 ,b !          
reputation  t a woman acquires by lit]>y
 or arti/ic tal5t is n !  rock mo/ to be
 dread$4 ,i say aga9 t self-consci\s    
beauty  & worldly triumphs fill ! he>t )
 a vanity t has no  corrective 9 ! cause
 t produc$ x4    ,/udy & art1 by elevat+
 ! s\l1 s]ve z a c\nt]poise to  !       
s5tim5ts ( vanity !y may excite4 ,i see 
no su* safegu>d  9 successes won by     
advantages ( ano!r sort4    ,all is     
summ$ up 9 say+ t great gifts br+ ) !m a
  dang] aga9/ :i* ! m9d mu/ be =tifi$ 9 

advance by  education4 ,education mu/   
adapt itself to diff]5t natures3 x  mu/1
 :ile develop+ ! g]ms plant$ by ,god1   
direct ?is  developm5t ) firmness1 av]t+
 p]ils & avoid+ mi/akes4  ,x mu/ make ! 
moral developm5t keep pace ) ! m5tal2   
pres]v+ equilibrium betwe5 ! ideal & !  
practical life1  :i* int]f]e ) ea* o!r  
less ?an is suppos$1 &  accordance ( :i*
 alone con/itutes ! dignity ( exi/5ce4  
,i confess t education is a m difficult 
& critical affair  :5 appli$ to a ri*ly 
end[$ nature2 b x is also m  beautiful &
 consol+4                    ,,viii4    
,! ,?ird ,/age4    ,i crave p>don ( !   
ladies ( ! s-call$ gr& monde  = a tru?1 
a pa9ful tru? int5d$ solely = !m4    ,x 
is 9 ! fa%ionable _w t /udi\s wom5 are  
r>ely  f\nd1 & t !y are oblig$ to hide  
_! wor?4 ,/range  tyranny ( =tune6 ,x   
gives wom5 leisure1 & deprives !m (  !  
"r to use x = ! developm5t ( intellect4 
,x is to  y1 fa%ionable wom51 t indu/ry 
mu/ be prea*$4 ,wom5  less weal?y d n   
g5]ally ne$ ! exhortation4 ,9 mode/     

c>e]s1 :]e toil is ! necess>y condition 
( dome/ic  well-be+1 cultivat$ wom5 are 
num]\s4 ,x is 9 ! homes (  arti/s1      
s*ol>s1 physicians1 lawy]s1 judges1     
pr(essors1 t  we mo/ frequ5tly f9d clev]
 & /udi\s wom51 conv]sant  ) matt]s (   
art1 possess$ ( real tal5t1 highly      
educat$1  b nicknam$ by no "o femmes    
savantes1 because !y are  ! pride &     
treasure ( home1 & ensure by _!         
intellig5ce1  dome/ic ease & com=t1 nay1
 ev5 a c]ta9 delicate luxury  t has no?+
 to d ) ri*es1 & c be pur*as$ only by   
fem99e ta/e4 ,! furniture is pretty 9   
=m1 & gracefully  arrang$2 engrav+s     
recall favorite works ( art1 & reveal ! 
ta/es & pref]5ces ( ! h\sehold4 ,fl[]s1 
pictures1  books1 music1 & pretty "w1   
all %[ ! home to be "o mu*  liv$ 91     
seldom left1 :]e happ9ess is to be f\nd4
 ,^! are  n empty & magnific5t          
e/abli%m5ts ^: ma/]s are always  abs5t1 
pursu+ pleasure ) a fev]i% activity1 &  
fly+  f ! ennui ( _! home except :5 !   
excitem5t (  refurni%+ x attracts !m1   

only to be driv5 away aga9 :5  ! gild$  
ottomans are all 9 place4 ,9 ^! mode/   
lodg+s on ! ?ird /ory ! "m is surr\nd$  
by h]  *ildr54 ,%e br+s !m up h]self4   
,?ank ,god6 %e mu/ d s1  & great is h]  
rew>d4 ,%e reigns ov] h] *ildr51 & !y   
und]/& h] m]its & sacrifices1 & love _! 
"m  t5d]ly4 ,!y soon "k ! bless+ ( be+  
born 9 a rank (  life :]e mo!rs _c af=d 
to pay s]vants1 gov]nesses1  & tutors to
 usurp _! place4  #bae  ,:at a diff]5ce 
!re is betwe5 ! two sy/ems ( education6 
,! sons rank fir/ at college & at s*ool2
 ! daught]s  receive sup]ior educations 
t ,i w\ld gladly propose z a  model to  
fa%ionable "y ladies4 ,!y wi% to equal !
 "m  :o /udies ) !m1 direct+ & foll[+ _!
 "w )  sympa?iz+ int]e/4 ,! law ( labor 
weighs m /r+5tly  ^u a "m ?an ^u any o!r
 creature2 ! s\l ( h]  *ildr5 is ! field
 t %e mu/ till by ! sweat ( h]  br[2 no 
o!r p]sons h receiv$ graces to enable !m
 to  take h] place1 & if ! mo/ complete 
educations are to be  f\nd 9 mode/      
h\seholds su* z ,i h describ$1 x is ow+ 

to mat]nal indu/ry4 ,h[ _m "y p acquire 
a co>se  ta/e = horses & dogs f !       
m]c5>ies :o educate !m6  ,a "m1 9 tea*+ 
h] *ildr51 inculcates o!r ta/es &       
ambitions4 ,sometimes anxiety takes     
possession ( h] s\l z %e  asks h]self   
:e!r %e c arm _! consci5ces ) fai? &    
honor suffici5t to give !m c\rage to be>
 9 _! turn a  retir$ life & nev] cons5t 
to w9 =tune by a base action4  ,!n %e   
r$\bles h] c>e ( _! education1 kn[+ x is
 to  be _! only d[]1 & becomes ev] m    
att5tive1 virtu\s1  c\rage\s1 9 ord] to 
transmit to !m h] own admirable  dignity
 ( s\l1 & m]it = !m ?is heav5ly favor4  
,& *ildr5 :o see _! "m "w1 are secretly 
anxi\s to  com=t & rew>d h]4 ,a desire  
to d good is m vivid 9  ^! abodes (     
mode/ happ9ess ?an else:]e1 & ! joy (   
duty fulfill$ makes ea* "o cont5t$ ) 8  
lot & at peace  ) ,god4 ,! :ole day is  
"o ( activity2 ! fa!r is at  "w1 ! "m   
att5ds to h] h\sehold duties or takes ! 
*ildr5 to s*ool or to cate*ism2 & :5    
ev5+ comes1 e  "o is tir$ ) ! day's "w &

 glad to /ay at home4 ,!n  comes ! "t = 
repose1 *ildr5's games1 talk+1 read+1   
music1 intimacy1 & gayety2 & ! day      
closes peaceably )\t  t worldly bu/le & 
excitem5t :i* put to a sev]e te/ !      
virtue ( ev5 ! mo/ ,*ri/ian wom54    ,a 
"m1 ?us occupi$1 nev] ?9ks ( devot+     
h]self to  matt]s connect$ ) h] p]sonal 
int]e/s4 ,%e has n !  "t4 ,h] girlhood1 
h] e>ly womanhood 7 sp5t 9 /udy4 ,n[  %e
 is giv5 up to ! s]vice ( o!rs4 ,b ?is  
dis9t]e/$  devotion1 at once toil &     
sacrifice1 is m elevat+ to bo?  s\l &   
und]/&+ ?an any o!r employm5t c\ld be4  
,no  dang] ( vanity or p$antry = h]6 &  
yet ! in/ruction (  h] *ildr5 is a great
 "w4 ,"o m>vels at ! physical p[]  t    
mat]nal love c give to a "m b5t on c>ry+
 out h]  duties completely4 ,nev] wond] 
to f9d h] capable1 elevat$1  active1    
intellig5t1 indiff]5t to idle trifl+ &  
worldly  coquetry4    ,9 ^! mode/       
h\seholds aga91 ,i f9d model s]vants4 ,x
 is a  say+1 n[adays1 t !re are no good 
dome/ics to be _h4  ,p talk ( ! s]vants 

9 old times4 ,read ,molire & !  police  
regulations ( ! days ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 & y
 w f9d  t ! gr&s seigneurs _h worse     
att5dants ?an we  h n[4 ,old-fa%ion$    
s]vants h no m disappe>$ ?an            
old-fa%ion$ virtues4 ,! virtues reign 9 
simple1 indu/ri\s  homes1 & !re too we  
mu/ look = devot$ dome/ics4 ,d n  expect
 h>d "w 9 ! abodes ( magnific5t idl5ess4
 ,!  s]vants ( ! unoccupi$ soon become  
unoccupi$ !mselves2  in/9ctively !y     
imitate f a di/ance _! ma/]'s  example1 
cat* ! tone ( ! e/abli%m5t1 & assume    
irreproa*able mann]s & lazy habits4     
#baf  ,a s]vant kn[s v well :5 he is    
assi/+ 9 an o/5tati\s  p>ade4 ,he is    
quick to abuse opportunities1 & ne$s    
(t51 9  ord] to av5ge himself = !       
inf]iority ( 8 position1  m]ely imitate 
8 ma/]1 ev5 ) no int5tion ( ridicul+    
him4 ,b a devot$ & c\rage\s woman :o is 
! fir/ to take  hold ( "w1 trans=ms !   
s\ls ( h] dome/ics & raises  _! s]vice  
to ! dignity ( devotion4 ,( c\rse1 !    
etiquette & p]fect discipl9e t "o       

admires 9 "s  e/abli%m5ts are n to be   
f\nd "h4 ,no6 ,good s]vants :o  are n   
held 9 immeasurable di/ance f _! ma/]s1 
assume  ano!r sort ( liv]y1 ! liv]y ( ! 
virtues !y see &  /udy closely4 ,!y     
brea! a heal?y1 /r5g!n+ air1 & 9  ?is   
atmosph]e ( indu/ry1 hone/y1 & confid5ce
 bo? ma/]s  & s]vants are happy4 ,ah6 ,i
 c\ld m5tion spl5did mansions  t are    
inhabit$ by ennui1 7n to speak (        
discord17  & ,i c\ld tell ( ! happ9ess &
 dignity ,i h (t5  witness$ 9 ! ?ird    
/ory4    ,b 9 ju/ice x mu/ be add$ t ,i 
h n always met ^!  virtues 9 ! ?ird     
/ory1 nor ennui & idl5ess 9  gr&        
e/abli%m5ts4 ,!re1 too1 :5 indu/ry      
reigns1 ,i h  se5 great virtues4 ,x mu/ 
be said t all dep5ds ^u  education &    
habits4                    ,,ix4        
,bad ,habits & ,prejudices4    ,b does  
education z x is be/[$ to-day (t5       
accompli%  great ?+s8 ,i answ]          
regretfully1 ,no2 too (t5 ! education  (
 ! pres5t day (f]s no su* advantages4 ,x
 _c resi/  worldly dissipation or ! idle

 mock]y lavi%$ by empty  ignorance on   
/udi\s wom54 ,connect$ /udy & att5tive  
reflection are mo/ ( all want+ 9 ! tra9+
 ( girls &  ! mode ( life adopt$ by "y  
wom54    ,z ,ozanam has said1 a treatise
 ^u in/ruction = girls &  "y wom5 is    
/ill to be writt54 ,! subject is 9 no   
respect  rightly und]/ood2 no durable   
fruit has yet appe>$4    ,i "k "y girls 
^: education 9 music & draw+ _h co/     
tw5ty or ?irty francs a lesson1 cease   
cultivat+ ^!  exp5sive tal5ts on ! fir/ 
day ( fre$om4    ,i take a s+le in/ance4
 ,mo/ "y ladies = sev5 or eight  ye>s ( 
_! lives sp5d two & sometimes ?ree & f\r
 h\rs  a day at ! piano4 ,b ?is /udy to 
:i* s mu* "t is  giv51 & :i* op5s       
glori\s horizons to m9d & s\l1  g5]ally 
ends 9 "o ( ^? s\lless tal5ts spok5 (   
by ,topff]1 :i* borr[ life f vanity     
only1 tal5ts useless  = any practical   
purpose1 tak+ no root 9 ! m9d1 & seldom 
de/9$ to survive ! w$d+-day4    ,?is    
*>m+ au?or1 ris+ up 9 indignation aga9/ 
! use  made 9 educat+ "y p 9 ! f9e arts 

& ( :at are  popul>ly t]m$ tal5ts       
d'agrm5t1 exclaims3 ,h[ mu* ,i  h se5 ( 
^! *>m+ tal5ts & h[ little ( _!  *>m6   
,"y girls are int]e/$ 9 no?+1 und]/&    
little1  feel n at all4 ,i believe1     
h[ev]1 t !y might seek 9  arti/ic       
pursuits1 in/ead ( m]e amus+ recreation1
 ex]cise  = ! m9d1 expansion = ! he>t1  
developm5t = !  imag9ation1 & f9d 9 ^!  
faculties :i* are usually  de/roy$ or   
left idle by fem99e occupations1 a      
p]fection t  w\ld1 z x 71 clo! & adorn !
 s\l4    #bag    ,b1 z matt]s /&1 music 
is a /udy1 m or less me*anical1  t nev] 
rea*es ! s\l1 & seldom arrives at !     
commone/  compreh5sion ( art4 ,h[ _m    
girls :o pass _! days at !  piano h     
nei!r s5se nor appreciation ( :at !y are
 do+6  ,we _h music1 says ,p4 ,gratry1 a
 brilliant t9kl+ t did  n ev5 re/ "o's  
n]ves4 ,tea*]s are eag] to imp>t a      
facile execution1 b !re are few :o seek 
to =m a good  /yle1 to make _! pupils   
und]/& & appreciate compos]s1  or grasp 
! *a9 ( musical ideas4    ,p play on !  

piano )\t any compreh5sion ( :at !y  are
 express+2 z "o might recite poems by   
he>t 9 a language  t "o did n und]/&4 ,9
 ,g]many1 :]e music claims a  l>ge %>e 9
 ! education ( girls1 x is treat$ m     
s]i\sly4 ,?r\gh ! /udy ( h>mony !y rise 
f me*anism  to art4    ,draw+ is (t5    
equally misus$4 ,i h se5 p]sons :o drew 
) exactitude & ev5 ) facility1 & yet    
c\ld n  di/+ui% good pictures f bad1 or 
rememb] :e!r ,raphael  0 ! ma/] or !    
pupil ( ,p]ug9o4 ,ev5 tal5t _h n        
develop$ 9 !m a s5se ( beauty4    ,! _w 
leaves ! doma9 ( music free to "y girls 
on  condition t !y %all d]ive no        
spiritual elevation f x  & m]ely wa/e a 
great deal ( "t4 ,z to ! pla/ic arts1   
ev5 a ta/e = pa9t+ ar\ses criticism1 &  
,m4 de ,mai/re  %udd]s to see 8 daught] 
pa9t+ 9 oil4 ,9 "o ^w1 !  arts mu/ be   
re/rict$ to accompli%m5ts1 & sumptu>y   
laws  ev5 m sev]e en=c$ ) reg>d to      
lit]>y pursuits4    ,except+ 9 music &  
draw+ a girl's education mu/ be  f9i%$  
at a c]ta9 age4 ,ev] s9ce my eighte5?   

ye>1  writes a "y fri5d1 to :om ,i _h   
recomm5d$ /udy1 if ,i  express$ a wi% to
 /udy1 ,i h be5 ask$ if my education 0  
n f9i%$4 ,f9i% "o's education6 t means  
?r[+ aside  books1 writ+1 embroid]y1 &  
accompli%m5ts if "o has any4    ,b1 we  
are told1 "y ladies le>n a great v>iety 
( ?+s  dur+ ! "t ( education4 ,q true1 &
 ! v subject (  my compla9t4 ,!y are n  
de/9$ to pass exam9ation = a  ba*elor's 
degree1 & _! :ole tra9+ t5ds to give !m 
g5]al notions z %all[ z !y are widely   
diffus$4 ,no?+  s]i\s1 no?+ grave1 no?+ 
pr(\nd--a little ( e  ?+4 ,9 ! words (  
an intellig5t m9i/]1 ,:o does n  "k t   
:at we ga9 9 surface we lose 9 dep?6    
,beyond dispute ! plan is compreh5sive4 
,i see _m "y girls  :o1 9 addition to   
common /udies1 geography1 hi/ory1       
rhetoric1  beg9 to le>n "o or two       
languages1 play on ! piano1 take  s++   
lessons1 draw & pa9t1 & le>n to d all   
sorts (  fancy "w1 z !y succe$ ea* o!r 9
 ! caprice ( fa%ion  poly*romania1 lea!r
 fl[]s1 etc41 etc4 ,( c\rse1 a life (   

ef=ts s scatt]$ & diffus$1 c lead to no 
good result2  & ,i h he>d wise          
in/ructors sigh ov] ! obligation  impos$
 ^u !m ( fulfill+ su* programmes4 ,a    
little (  ev]y?+ is /udi$ & no?+ prop]ly
 le>n$2 n "o  tal5t or faculty develop$1
 n "o e>ne/ ta/e acquir$ =  any?+       
:atsoev]4 ,su* half tal5ts & sup]ficial 
ta/es  a*ieve no?+4    #bah    ,if !re  
be a dang] 9 ! /udy ( art & lit]ature1 x
 is to  be f\nd 9 /opp+ precisely at !  
po9t indicat$ by ,m4 de  ,mai/re2 at    
g5]al notions1 n solid acquirem5ts2     
accompli%m5ts1 n e>ne/ tal5ts2 a lack ( 
some?+ to  elevate ! s\l & n\ri% ! m9d4 
,su* smatt]+ helps "o  to make a mom5t>y
 %[1 b n to accompli% any?+ or to be    
any "o4 ,x indicates t no?+ m w be      
acquir$ f !  mom5t ( leav+ ! conv5t4    
,precisely ! contr>y is ne$$ if "o w\ld 
tra9 e>ne/ &  assidu\s wom5 :o may "o   
day prove useful to _! husb&s  & *ildr54
    ,x is difficult to expla9 :y        
indulg5ce is %[n or exception  tak5 by  
m5 ( ! _w4 ,!y approve1 & v prop]ly1 ( a

  girl's speak+ two or ?ree liv+        
languages4 ,b if1 9  accordance )       
,fnlon's advice1 y le>n a little ,lat91 
hide  x z a s91 or be acc\nt$ a         
blue-/ock+4 ,y w h>dly  obta9 p>don = a 
ta/e = solid read+ or hi/orical  /udies4
 ,i h he>d ( a "y woman :o drew ^u      
h]self t  sort ( admiration t implies   
blame1 f intellig5t p1  because %e 0    
said to read ,le ,correspond5t4 ,! same 
p]sons1 on le>n+ t %e res]v$ ! morn+    
h\rs =  /udy1 te/ifi$ imm5se a/oni%m5t &
 treat$ h] z a  savante4    ,:at may be 
call$ /udy--mak+ ab/racts or tak+ notes 
(  :at "o has read--is n consid]$ prop] 
= wom51 especially  9 c\ntry t[ns4      
,read+ is h>dly p]missible & only )9    
re/rict$ limits4 ,a lady ( my           
acqua9tance incurr$ g5]al  c5sure       
because1 dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( h] m>ri$     
life1 %e  did n receive or make visits  
be=e f\r o'clock1 t %e  might res]ve a  
few h\rs = /udy1 9 accordance1 moreov]1 
) h] husb&'s wi%es4    ,"y girls %\ld   
reg>d ! close ( _! fir/ /udies z !      

comm5cem5t ( a life-long "w4 ,"y wom5   
%\ld1 9 ! v  beg9n+ ( m>ri$ life1       
e/abli% /udy z "o ( ! duties  ( exi/5ce4
 ,lat]1 !y are engross$ ) ! education ( 
_! *ildr51 & c no long] "w to please    
!mselves4 ,b  ev5 !n1 ! preci\s habit w 
cl+ to !m z an  ine/imable consolation  
to be enjoy$ 9 e leisure h\r4  ,above   
all1 x rema9s to fill ! void t becomes s
 irksome  :5 *ildr5 escape f ! "m's     
guidance1 & %e once  m has fre$om &     
leisure )\t y\?1 its joys or its  en]gy4
    ,labor is a fai?ful fri5d t adapts  
itself to ! age &  disposition ( e be+  
:o takes x z a companion = life4    ,t  
wom5 may le>n to value habits ( indu/ry1
 x is incumb5t  on u to conv9ce "y girls
 t _! education does n end  at eighte51 
& t _! fir/ ball-dress has n1 l a       
ba*elor's degree1 ! virtue ( giv+ to    
le>n+ its p]fect  consummation4 ,at t   
age !y h b>ely in=mation en\gh to       
enable !m to /udy alone4 ,lead+-/r+s are
 no long] ne$$  9 _! education1 & t is  
all4 ,!y are simply capable (  cont9u+  

_! /udies1 & ( enjoy+ ! pleasure (      
individual ex]tion4 ,if a girl c\ld be  
made to believe ?is1 a  s]i\s & e>ne/   
future w\ld be secur$ to h]4 ,b !       
pres5t cu/om dem&s t %e %\ld /udy ,fr5* 
& hi/ory  until %e is fifte51 & f fifte5
 to eighte51 piano-play+  & draw+4 ,!n  
comes a p9k dress1 ! cr[n+ glory ( h]   
education1 ! great day s (t5 dream$ (4  
,%e goes into  society & m>ries1 det]m9$
 to leave "w beh9d h] 9  accordance )   
univ]sal practice4  #bai  ,?is is "o ( !
 joys ( m>riage--to d no?+--& s %e      
wa/es a p]iod mo/ preci\s 9 a woman's   
life1 a p]iod :5  %e has leisure1 & t   
flame t y\? & happ9ess alone  c k9dle2  
expansion ( s\l1 ! illum9$ eyes ( !     
he>t1  illum9ates oculos cordis1 z ,/4  
,paul says1 giv+ to  toil facility1     
impetus1 horizon1 p[]4 ,b s x is2 all   
mu/ be  lo/1 squ&]$1 sunk 9 ^? e>ly     
ye>s1 ev5 happ9ess6  ,/udy w\ld h a     
secret p[] to draw ?is "y creature f  ! 
:irl ( life1 & give h] ! calmness &     
recollection %e  s mu* ne$s1 if m]ely to

 enjoy h] bless+s2 b no1  ev]y?+ mu/ be 
fritt]$ away & de/roy$4    ,!n foll[    
ye>s :5 ! excitem5t ( y\? dies out1 a   
void  is left1 beauty vani%es1 ennui    
comes to take possession1  & !re is no?+
 to dispute its sway4 ,! *ildr5 are 9 ! 
mid/ ( _! education1 & ne$ no look+     
aft]4 ,a "m :o  kn[s n ! value (        
indu/ry1 is ev] ready to excuse idl5ess 
9 h] *ildr51 & not)/&+ ?is indulg5ce1 h]
 sons  ?9k v little ( _! "m :5 !y gr[   
up1 & soon  reg>d h] z b5ea? !m4        
,x4                  ,practice4    ,b to
 come to practical results1 :at are !   
faculties to be  cultivat$ 9 wom58 ,!   
same z 9 m58 ,mu/ !y /udy !  exact      
sci5ces1 politics1 ! secret ( gov]nm5t1 
milit>y art8  ,are !y to emulate ,judi?1
 ,joan ( ,arc1 ,jeanne ,ha*ette1        
,horm5g>de1 f\ndress & reg5t ( ! second 
k+dom (  ,burgundy1 ,m>gu]ite d',albon1 
,isabella ( ,ca/ile1 ,m>ia ,!resa8      
,c]ta9ly n4 ,wom5 are to be enum]at$ :o 
c\ld be & h  be5 all ?is4 ,provid5ce    
creates ^! extraord9>y be+s4 ,b  ?\gh we

 recognize occasional vocations ( g5ius1
 c\rage1 &  virtue1 x w\ld be folly to  
educate wom5 = c>e]s s  exceptional4    
,wom5 are physically weak1 b _!         
intellig5ce mu/ n be  und]valu$4 ,!y (t5
 h a great deal ( m9d & always a  fund (
 good s5se1 dem&+ no?+ b use4 ,:y wond] 
at all  ,i h impli$8 ,!y acquire )      
rem>kable ease4 ,:o c fail  to recognize
 ! ke5ness & delicacy ( s5sibility be/[$
 on  !m by heav51 or ! natural b5t ) :i*
 _! s\ls turn  to ! vivify+ rays (      
beauty8    ,i d n agree ) a lady :o     
wrote to me3 ,we skim ov] ?+s  & seem to
 "k !m2 we op5 a book1 run ?r\gh a few  
pages1  & are prep>$ to discuss x1 to   
give praise or blame1  recomm5dation or 
w>n+4 ,i d n grant ?is4 ,b beyond       
dispute1 !y h great facility = ev]y?+4  
,x co/s !m  little to assimilate to     
!mselves requir$ in=mation1 to make     
some?+ out ( no?+1 & a great deal out ( 
scant mat]ial4  ,god1 n de/9+ !m to long
 & ab/ract /udies1 has end[$  !m )      
m>vell\s p]spicacity & intuition4 ,!y   

r>ely  speak ( bus9ess because x        
fatigues & bores !m2 yet if             
circum/ances dem& _! p>ticipation1 h[   
useful & s5sible  !y almo/ inv>iably    
prove !mselves6 ,g5]ally1 !  re/oration 
( family prop]ty is due to !m2 :5 left  
wid[s1  !y rebuild ! =tunes ( _! *ildr54
    ,x is to be und]/ood t 9 ?is        
v9dication1 z x 71 (  woman's "r to     
intellectual culture1 ,i give to /udy   
only its  due %>e 9 ! occupations (     
life4 ,cle>ly1 h\sehold c>es  & home    
duties h a sup]ior claim2 husb&1 *ildr51
  dome/ics1 mu/ be ! fir/ int]e/ ( a    
woman :o und]/&s  ! hi]>*y ( h] duties4 
#bbj  ,my advice1 if x mu/ be precisely 
def9$1 w\ld be1 t %e  res]ve at lea/ two
 h\rs--if possible1 ?ree h\rs--( ea*    
day1 = life1 = intellectual culture4    
,s long z wom5 cont5t !mselves ) read+1 
look+1 &  li/5+1 no great opposition is 
made1 & m5 will+ly grant  !m a place    
among _! auditors4 ,b if ! pr(\nd       
emotions  ( ! int]ior life seek a full] 
developm5t2 if !y seek 9  ! absorption (

 pursuits answ]+ to _! spiritual        
aspirations an e*o t ! s\l misses 9 !   
ext]nal _w1  !n society rises up 9      
judgm5t4    ,"s wom5 are born arti/s1 t 
is to say1 !y are possess$  by a crav+  
to give =m to ?\ght1 to a feel+ = beauty
  :i* p5etrates !m1 & t too "u          
conditions suitable =  ! developm5t (   
?is side ( _! nature4 ,b x is precisely 
?is ex]cise ( ! creative faculty :i* is 
d5i$ !m1 &  :i* ,i wond] to see )held1  
s9ce ! gift comes f ,god  himself4      
,va9ly does ,m4 de ,mai/re ma9ta9 t wom5
 h nev]  produc$ a ma/]piece1 & t 9 wi%+
 to emulate m51 !y  become apes4 ,va9ly 
does he add ) unbecom+ imp]t95ce1 ,i  h 
always ?\ght !m incomp>ably h&som]1 m   
attractive1  & m useful ?an apes4 ,i    
only say & repeat1 t wom5 :o  w\ld make 
m5 ( !mselves are no?+ b apes4 ,or aga91
 ,a  woman's *ef d'oeuvre 9 sci5ce is to
 und]/& !  works ( m54    ,b soon ,m4 de
 ,mai/re contradicts & refutes himself3 
,we mu/  exagg]ate no?+1 he says1 belles
 lettres1 morali/s1 great  orators1     

etc41 suffice to give wom5 all ! culture
 !y ne$4    ,a little lat]1 he          
congratulates himself on hav+ a daught]1
  :o reads & appreciates ,/4 ,augu/9e1 &
 :o passionately  loves beauty ( e k9d2 
recites equally well ,rac9e &  ,tasso2  
draws1 plays1 s+s v prettily2 &1 z 9 h] 
voice  !re are l[ *ords t pass beyond ! 
fem99e range ( tone1  s are !re 9 h] "* 
c]ta9 grave fundam5tal  qualities1 t    
belong especially to our sex1 & :i*     
dom9ate  ! re/ ( h] nature4    ,?is is  
en\gh2 my discussion ) ,m4 de ,mai/re is
 end$4 ,we  ent]ta91 9 fact1 ! same     
views1 & ,i n[ address myself  m]ely to 
worldly prejudice4    ,we h !n1 ev5 9   
,m4 de ,mai/re's e/imation1 z /udies    
possible = wom53    #a/4 ,belles        
lettres1 lit]ature bo? light & s]i\s1 a 
wide  field & "o z attractive z x is    
ext5sive4 ,! range (  hi/ory alone is   
imm5se4 ,!re is a philosophy1 too1 :i* !
  fem99e m9d is fully capable ( grasp+1 
& ^: ess5tial  ideas are necess>y to fix
 its natural mobility & insure to x     

correctness ( ?\ght4 ,tea* a woman to   
reason ju/ly1 &  consequ5tly to give    
prec$5ce to duty 9 all ?+s1 & y  h      
secur$ ! ess5tial "p ( education z x is 
ne$$ 9  e class & condition ( life4     
#b;d4 ,! arts--s admirably suit$ to _!  
imag9ation1 to !  delicate grace ( _!   
nature4 ,& "h ,i mu/ rem>k t we         
unhesitat+ly leave op5 to female        
competition ! mo/ p]il\s  ( ! f9e arts1 
! "o lea/ compatible ) _! duties &      
vocation1 :ile %utt+ !m out f ! pure &  
l(ty regions  ( ! intellect4 ,_m        
detractors ( wom51 :o cultivate or      
criticise art1 w\ld on no acc\nt        
suppress public s+]s or  actresses4     
#bba    ,b1 y w tell me1 t x is         
precisely because female  arti/es are m 
or less degrad$ t virtu\s wom5  %\ld n  
become arti/es4 ,i ?9k z y d1 & m       
/rongly ?an y1 yet ,i _c help see+ t y  
recognize  ! fact ( wom5's capacity to  
rise 9 art1 s9ce a few among  !m h      
receiv$ ! gift ( inspiration4 ,if !y h  
receiv$  ?is gift1 x mu/ be us$2 hone/ly

 & nobly ( c\rse1 b  us$4 ,! fact y     
advance br+s its own application4       
#c;d4 ,if a woman c express ! beautiful1
 %e c d s ?r\gh  all ! languages ( !    
beautiful4 ,art is id5tical 9  pr9ciple1
 :atev] be ! mode ( its expression4     
,pa9t+1  music1 poetry1 eloqu5ce1 !     
expression ( beauty ?r\gh an  exquisite 
/yle1 or ?r\gh ! acc5t ( an inspir$     
voice1 is  always beauty b\nd )9 !      
limits ( a s5sible =m to  r5d] x        
p]ceptible to ! s\l ?r\gh ! m$ium ( !   
s5ses4 ,ea* "o mu/ clo! x 9 a =m n      
self-*os54 ,if y  op5 to woman ! mo/    
dang]\s & frivol\s ( all ! arts1  :y    
close to h] ! o!rs8 ,because %e s9ks ) !
 art t  m9i/]s to y\r pleasure1 is x    
impossible = h] to rise )  noble1 true1 
s]i\s art8 ,if a woman c be a           
cantatrice1  %e c be a musician 9 !     
elevat$ s5se ( ! ^w1 a writ]  or a      
pa9t]4    ,_m m5 affirm au?oritatively t
 wom5 _c & %\ld n  write4 ,x is surpris+
 t a "q s easily settl$ =  "s p]sons    
%\ld be s (t5 discuss$4 ,equal pa9s h n 

be5 tak5 to prove t wom5 _c be g5]als or
 m9i/]s1  yet ,i am n aw>e t ! example (
 female w>riors has be5  (t5 claim$ by  
_! pe]s4    ,! pres5t day is an ill *os5
 "t to conte/ wom5's "r to  au?or%ip1 :5
 ! ?ree works mo/ g5]ally read are ,le  
,rcit d'une ,soeur1 ! writ+s ( ,eugnie  
de ,gur91 &  ,madame ,swet*9e's ,lett]s4
    ,9 becom+ writ]s wom5 d n infr+e on 
! rights ( m54  ,!y d n seek to emulate 
man2 & :5 all is said1 :at is  x1 t ,m4 
de ,mai/re calls emulat+ man8 ,is x     
desir+ to  d all t he does8 ,( c\rse n4 
,c]ta9 pursuits exclusively  belong to  
him1 & are n to be cultivat$ by wom54 ,b
 if  !re are po9ts ( sep>ation1 !re is  
also a common doma9  :]e all s\ls may "w
 toge!r4 ,! mo/ natural is t (  art &   
lit]ature4 ,ev5 "h x may be t woman's   
field is  m re/rict$ ?an t ( man2 b %e w
 f9d h] place1  & p]haps a place t m5   
c\ld n s well fill4    ,!re are         
diff]5ces betwe5 ! mascul9e & ! fem99e  
intellect2 & x is on ?is fact t ,m4 de  
,mai/re f\nds 8  ass]tion t because "o  

sex c write ! o!r _c4 ,we may  f\nd ^u x
 a diff]5t conclusion1 t1 br++ ano!r k9d
  ( g5ius into intellectual regions1    
wom5 w cultivate !m  aft] a fa%ion ( _! 
own1 adapt+ _! tal5ts 9  pref]5ce to m  
delicate subjects4 ,9 a conc]t all      
dissimil>  voices mu/ be m\ld$ toge!r3  
:y %\ld n wom5 be> _!  "p 9 ! great     
h>mony ( human ?\ght express$ ?r\gh art8
  ,!re are notes !y only c rea*4 ,silvio
 ,pellico says  some?+ simil> :51 aft]  
va9ly try+ to give wom5 a  p5d5t to !   
,treatise on ! ,duties ( ,m51 he        
exclaims6  ,only a woman c\ld write su* 
a book4 ,9 a woman's writ+  !re is      
always a c]ta9 t\* t reveals h] sex4 ,a 
female  au?or mu/ ev] rema9 a woman4    
,?us may we reassure !  susceptibilities
 ( ,m4 de ,mai/re & quiet our own fe>s z
 to  ! result ( wi%+ to emulate man4    
#bbb    ,woman is a weak creature1      
ignorant1 timid1 & indol5t1 says  ,mme4 
de ----2 possess$ ( viol5t passions &   
petty ideas1 a  be+ full ( inconsi/5cy &
 caprice4 444 ,capable (  display+ *>m+ 

defects e day ( h] life2 a treasure (   
cruelty & ( hope4 ,!n m\rn+ ov] ! almo/ 
complete  disappe>ance ( ?is type1 %e   
seeks an explanation ( ! fact3  ,wom5 h 
lo/ 9 attractions :at !y h ga9$ 9       
virtues4  444 ,woman 0 n made to %>e    
m5's toils1 b to af=d !m  recreation4   
,&1 f9ally1 summ+ up 9 "o ^w ! errors t 
h ru9$ h] sex1 %e exclaims indignantly1 
,woman has aspir$  to be ! companion (  
man4    ,?us1 to be a companion in/ead (
 a play?+1 a ,*ri/ian  r ?an a pagan1 a 
be+ to be respect$1 tru/$1 reli$  ^u1 r 
?an "o :o holds y by a pass+ attraction1
  amus+ y by h] frivolity1 & di/ract+ y 
f grav]  ?\ghts--?is is a culpable      
mi/ake ( judgm5t1 & moreov]1  x is a    
woman :o d>es to br+ =w>d su* a doctr9e4
    #d?4 ,9 my fir/ lett]s ,i gave x z  
my op9ion t1 9 a  measure1 a woman c\ld 
occupy h]self ) sci5ces1 & ev5  )       
agriculture4 ,! latt] ass]tion provok$  
"s surprise4  ,let me answ] !m by a few 
fragm5ts ( a lett] writt5 to me  ^u !   
subject1 by a v s5sible & di/+ui%$      

woman3      ,h[ wisely1 monseigneur1 y h
 advis$ wom5 to int]e/    !mselves 9    
bus9ess matt]s & o!r s]i\s subjects1 ev5
    /udy+ agriculture4 ,my own          
obs]vation confirms y\r op9ion4    ,at  
pres5t1 :ile my son is 9 ! s]vice1 & ,i 
am sep>at$    f all my family1 liv+ 9 ! 
c\ntry1 & almo/ always 9    tte--tte1   
:at w\ld become ( me if my "m _h    n   
giv5 me ! habit1 f *ildhood1 ( int]e/+  
myself    9 e ?+ ab\t me8 ,agriculture1 
) its ob/acles &    its progress1 af=ds 
an inexhau/ible s\rce ( conv]sation    )
 "o's husb&1 ) cures1 village not>ies1  
f>m]s1    c\ntry neighbors1 & petits    
b\rgeois4 ,x is a less    inflammatory  
subject ?an politics1 & "o t adapts     
itself    to e und]/&+4 ,my husb& does n
 disda9 to discuss    crops & manur+ )  
me--,i h my own !ories ^u    dra9age1   
beets1 ,footnote #cb & cabbages1        
,footnote #cc &    he f9ds me v         
progressive 9 my ideas1 p]haps too mu*  
s2    he1 h[ev]1 nev] builds a /able )\t
 consult+ me1 &    be=e a lease is      

sign$1 ,i mu/ he> x read sev]al times4  
,i    believe x to be v important to    
!mselves & to _!    *ildr5 t wom5 %\ld  
und]/& bus9ess1 ! inve/m5t    ( funds1 !
 managem5t ( prop]ty4 ,!y %\ld n        
decide1 b li/5 & advise4 ,husb&s1       
g5]ally1 ask    no?+ bett] ?an to talk  
op5ly ( ^! ?+s1 because    su* subjects 
int]e/ !m m ?an any o!rs2 b usually     
no "o li/5s4 ,:5 a man meets ) yawn+    
inatt5tion1 all    is ov]2 he has       
rec\rse to sil5ce1 adopts ! habit (     
manag+ ev]y?+ = himself1 ( foll[+ 8 own 
b5t4 ,9    ! beg9n+1 a "y husb& is full 
( confid+ op5ness2    lat]1 he becomes m
 suspici\s ( control :i* w\nds him    9 
proportion z x is ne$$4 ,capacity &     
e>ne/ness are    indisp5sable to a      
woman4        ,footnote #cb3 ,la bette  
rave1 ! k9d ( beet f :i*      sug> is   
made1 & !re=e an important subject to   
!orize      ^u4 ,b]?ollet is said to h  
lo/ 8 place by fail+ to      answ]      
satisfactorily a "q sudd5ly put to him  
by      ,napoleon1 conc]n+ la bette     

rave4        ,footnote #cc3 ,colza1 a   
cabbage us$ = mak+ oil1 & a      topic  
almo/ z engross+ z beets4    #bbc    ,i 
ask t wom5 %\ld be all[$ to cultivate   
any art or  sci5ce !y may *oose1 & ev5  
aim at "s em95ce 9 its  acquirem5t1 )\t 
be+ annoy$ 9 _! honorable pursuit by  ! 
t]rible ana!ma :i* ! _w laun*es aga9/ 7=
 once  we w use ! co>se expression7     
blue-/ock+s4  ,footnote #cd ,if !re are 
wom5 :o1 :ile att5d+ ?or\ghly  & s]i\sly
 to _! h\sehold affairs1 rise above     
mat]ial  life by a love & appreciation (
 ! beautiful1 seek+ !re9  a delicate    
pleasure & pure emotions1 enjoy+ !      
cultivation  ( ! s\l1 & li/5+ att5tively
 to ! claims ( tru? &  goodness1 x is a 
%ame to ca/ reproa* ^u !m4              
,footnote #cd3 ,9 ! language (          
unreflect+ p]sons :o      in/9ctively   
love to attack e ?+ elevat$1 p]haps 9   
ord] to drag o!rs d[n to _! own level1 !
 ^w      blue-/ock+ signifies a woman :o
 reads1 & greate/ (      all (f5ces     
conv]ses4    #e?4 ,above all ?+s %\ld   

rank ! e>ne/ /udy ( religion4  ,i dwelt 
long ^u ?is subject 9 my ,lett]s to ,m5 
& ,wom5 (  ! ,_w2 ,i w !re=e simply say 
t x is above all 9  ! high] classes1 :]e
 =tune au?orizes a free use ( !  luxury 
( education1 t religi\s in/ruction %\ld 
be pu%$  z f> z ! individual capacity ( 
man & wom5 all[s2  doctr9e1 pro(s (     
religion1 explanation ( c]emonies1 *ur* 
hi/ory1 select$ works ( ! fa!rs1 great  
pulpit orators1  lives ( ! sa9ts1 etc41 
etc4 all ?is ,i h expla9$ &  taught 9   
detail4 ,9 a c\rse ( education !re %\ld 
be an  appropriate progressive /udy (   
all t conc]ns religion4  ,religi\s facts
 are s intimately connect$ ) ^? ( mod]n 
hi/ory1 t "o c sometimes h a true idea (
 ! latt]  only by becom+ acqua9t$ ) !   
=m]4    ,! objection ( want ( "t1 ! gr& 
objection s (t5  br\ght =w>d1 rema9s to 
be exam9$4 ,h wom5 ! "t to  devote to   
intellectual pursuits8 ,let u be hone/ &
 confess  t !re are two ob/acles to !   
leisure requir$3 talk+ &  dress4        
,yes1 ! great mis=tune ( wom5 is1 t !y  

indulge 9 long  h\rs ( conv]sation among
 !mselves1 & ab\t :at1 if n  dress1     
gossip1 & h\sekeep+8    ,n[1 no?+ l[]s !
 m9d & s\l l talk+ ab\t trifles  = h\rs1
 & !re is b "o me?od ( rem$y+ ! evil2   
increase ! "t devot$ to /udy1 ?us %ort5+
 9 an equal  degree ! h\rs fritt]$ away 
9 conv]sation1 & supply+  m5tal food f> 
sup]ior to ! vulg> subjects t n[ exhau/ 
s _m m9ds & s\ls4    ,z = dress1 too mu*
 _c be said aga9/ x1 n only z a  cause (
 ru9 to wom5 ( ! _w1 b z a dissolv5t (  
all  e>ne/ness ev5 among virtu\s        
,*ri/ian wom54    ,dress6 ,t is :at     
wa/es ! "t & exhau/s ! _s (  wom52 t is 
:at takes !m f _! dome/ic duties1 &  n  
^! poor calumniat$ books4 ,e att5tive   
obs]v] w  recognize1 z ,i d1 t x is a   
ta/e = ! _w & =  dress t deta*es !m f   
home int]e/s f> m ?an a  ta/e = /udy4   
,= my own "p1 ,i c ass]t t ! truly      
sup]ior wom5 ,i  h kn[n1 ^? ^:          
sup]iority 0 g5u9e & n a  pret5ce or an 
affectation1 7 models ( practical       
wisdom4    ,!re are1 on ! o!r h&1 c]ta9 

h\seholds admirable 9  e respect b "o--t
 on an av]age !y discuss dress f\r  or  
five h\rs a day4 ,! "m ( ! family is a  
woman ( great  m]it & virtue2 %e dresses
 ) great simplicity2 & yet  !re are no  
preoccupations s s]i\s1 no anxieties or 
suff]+s s press+1 t !y _c be dissipat$  
at lea/  = ! mom5t by ! int]e/ ( ord]+ a
 new g[n or bonnet4    #bbd    ,^!      
affairs are ( va/ importance2 life slips
 away :ile !  m9d is wa/+ itself 9 _!   
s]vice4    ,mo!rs ( great m]it tea* _!  
daught]s to consid] dress z  "o ( _!    
int]e/s & pr9cipal duties1 discuss+ &   
lett+ !m discuss toilette = h\rs e day1 
&  judg+ e e>?ly ?+ f ! /&po9t (        
toilette4 ,! bus9ess ( dress+1 %opp+1   
*oos+  mat]ials1 talk+ ) %opkeep]s &    
dressmak]s1 & ! "t  pass$ by "y girls1 &
 ev5 "y wom51 ) lady's maids 9  m       
confid5tial int]c\rse ?an is becom+2 ^! 
are 9  tru? ! great ob/acles to habits (
 indu/ry4    ,b leav+ ! subject (       
frivol\s p]sons & unoccupi$  lives1 h[1 
y w ask1 c a "m :o owes all h] "t to  h]

 family f9d leisure to /udy8    ,x is   
h>dly necess>y to rem>k t ,i am speak+ (
 wom5 9  easy circum/ances1 = ! reason t
 !y especially h !  means ( putt+ 9     
practice ^! sugge/ions4 ,poor wom5 :o   
e>n _! bread by ! sweat ( _! br[1 are n 
less  preci\s 9 ! eyes ( ,god or 9 our  
own ?an ! favorites (  =tune2 b daily   
toil c h>dly leave !m opportunity to    
cultivate _! m9ds4 ,& yet ev5 among !m  
!re are _m n  call$ ^u to support _!    
families :o1 )\t be+ ri*1  keep "o      
dome/ic1 or d ! h\sework !mselves ) ease
 &  quickness1 & ?us h ne>ly z mu*      
leisure z wom5 (  weal?4 ,h[ _m wom5 !re
 are 9 bus9ess1 %op-girls1 =  in/ance1  
or bookkeep]s1 :o surely h "t = read+1  
s9ce  !y d read--& read--:at8    ,x is  
well kn[n t a ta/e = read+ is n[        
p5etrat+ ev5  into c\ntry villages1     
af=d+ a means ( sp5d+ pleasantly  ! long
 w9t] ev5+s4 ,!re are useful directions1
 an  elevat$ impulse to be giv5 to !    
class ( wom5 ( :om we  h j spok52 b     
h[ev] wor?y ( int]e/ su* a subject  may 

be1 x is n our pres5t !me4 ,p]haps we   
may ent] on x  at "s future day4    ,we 
address ourselves !n to wom5 9 easy     
circum/ances4 ,c !  head ( a gr&        
e/abli%m5t1 a wife1 a "m1 f9d "t to     
/udy4    ,beyond a d\bt1 yes6 ,to beg9  
)1 %e c devote to /udy !  "t t o!r wom5 
give to worldly ent]ta9m5ts t consume   
_! nights1 & to p]sonal adornm5ts t     
dev\r _!  =tunes4 ,!y c lay aside all ! 
pursuits t1 :ile  absorb+ !m )\t (f]+   
any advantage1 prep>e !m ill  = ! duties
 t[>d _! *ildr5 t belong to !m z  mo!rs 
( immortal s\ls4    ,does n ! secret (  
liv+ lie 9 ! reconciliation (  app>5t   
difficulties8 ,d n duties1 ta/es1       
affections (t5  appe> to contradict ea* 
o!r8 ,i h (t5 se5 t habits (  ord]ly    
activity comb9$ ) a simplicity t        
suppresses  useless exactions multiply  
an indu/ri\s woman's h\rs & make  x     
possible to meet e dem&4 ,x is a woman's
 sci5ce to  und]/& h[ to give h]self &  
yet res]ve h]self3 a sci5ce  compos$ (  
g5tl5ess & activity1 ( devotion &       

firmness1  ^: fir/ result is ! retr5*+ (
 idle indulg5ces1 &  ! keep+ )9 due     
b\nds ! tribute to be paid to !  claims 
( society4    #bbe    ,9 prec$+ writ+s  
,i h %[n 9 detail t !re are m  empty    
h\rs1 ev5 9 a busy woman's life1 ?an is 
suppos$4 ,:5  once h] *ildr5 are gr[n   
up1 %e has (t5 too mu* lib]ty on  h]    
h&s4 ,i once knew a lady :o _h six      
*ildr54 ,h] two eld]  sons 7 at a       
bo>d+-s*ool2 h] ?ree daught]s pass$ !   
:ole day ) _! gov]ness2 ev5 ! y\nge/ _h 
8 lesson  h\rs4 ,?is lonely "m said to  
me m\rnfully on "o occasion1  ,i pass ! 
:ole day alone ) my sew+1 & poor company
 x  is2 & %e 0 r$uc$1 poor lady1 to     
seek+ outside  di/ractions1 innoc5t b   
futile4 ,if %e _h _h a ta/e =  /udy &   
habits ( indu/ry1 %e w\ld n h be5 driv5 
f  home4 ,/udy makes wom5 love _! homes1
 ! attraction ( "w  comm5c$ always draw+
 !m ?i!r4 ,h[ little ne$ ( visits  &    
society su* p]sons feel6 ,x is a joy to 
/eal (f to "o's  room & cont9ue "o's    
read+ or draw+4 ,x is ) a light  /ep t  

"o turns t[>d home :5 he>t & life are   
fill$  ) a love ( /udy in/ead ( ) an    
immod]ate1 ru9\s ta/e  = dress & luxury4
    ,mu* firmness1 sweetness1 &         
p]sev]ance are necess>y to  secure "o's 
lib]ty 9 a h\sehold1 to make "o's work+ 
h\rs  respect$1 )\t fail+ 9 any o!r     
duty2 9 "o ^w1 to  give & res]ve "o's   
self discreetly4 ,x is a "q (  degree1 l
 mo/ o!r que/ions ( conduct4 ,b1 9 ord] 
to  acquire c\rage = ! /ruggle1 wom5 mu/
 be v sure t  ! "r is on _! side4 ,!y   
are too apt to mi/ake = a  m]e p]sonal  
ta/e ! duty ( cultivat+ _! m5tal        
faculties4    ,i h giv5 /rong &         
unansw]able argum5ts = ! necessity  ( a 
rule ( life4 ,b 9 ?is1 z 9 e human      
affair1  temp]am5t mu/ be consult$4     
,?\gh x may easily be made an  illusion 
& a conv5i5t pretext to cov]            
self-indulg5ce1 yet  "o c easily believe
 t "s wom51 ) ! be/ w 9 !  _w1 mu/ plead
 ! impossibility ( hav+ a rule ( life1  
or  mu/ submit to see x violat$ s (t5 z 
to become a dead  lett]4    ,! mi/ress (

 a h\sehold rises 9 ! morn+1 %e feels   
unwell1 or h] husb& comes 9 to discuss  
plans1 bus9ess1 no  matt] :at2 "w-p1    
*ildr5 little & big1 invade h]  room3 ! 
"m ( a family has n an h\r :5 %e c %ut  
h]self up & =bid intrusion4 ,!re are    
wom5 & ev5 girls  ^: lives slip away "u 
! oppression ( ^! absolutely  tyrannical
 cu/oms1 f :i* x is ! m difficult to    
escape  because !y ass]t !mselves 9 ! "n
 ( devotion &  dome/ic virtue4    ,if we
 tell ^! "y p1 cru%$ & flatt5$ out1 z   
,m4  de ,mai/re expresses x1 "u !       
enorm\s weight ( no?+1  to create an    
individual life = !mselves1 & seek      
occasional  retirem5t1 !y answ]3 ,b ,i  
_c2 ,i h n "o mom5t  absolutely my own4 
,if ,i leave ! p>lor1 my room is invad$2
  somebody wants to speak to me1 & s    
somebody /&s ab\t = a  qu>t] ( an h\r & 
!n sits d[n4 ,!n "s "o else comes1  & s 
! "t is dev\r$4 ,) all ! ef=ts 9 ! _w to
  keep my pati5ce1 ,i _c conceal !      
annoyance ?is is to me  skilfully en\gh 
to avoid be+ vot$ a /rong-m9d$ woman1   

,footnote #ce ! correlative t]m (       
blue-/ock+4        ,footnote #ce3       
,c>actre roide1 femmes affaire4    ,v   
well1 ,i say1 = want ( regul> h\rs let a
 woman devote  odd m9utes to /udy4 ,!re 
are always "s 9 ! busie/ lives2  mom5ts 
t occur betwe5 ! v>i\s occupations ( !  
day2  & %e mu/ le>n to "w by fits &     
/>ts1 9 a desultory  fa%ion4 ,!re is a  
wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! woman :o reads   
sometimes & ! woman :o nev] reads4      
#bbf    ,if ! desire to res]ve a %ort "t
 = /udy l$ to no?+  m ?an ! acquisition 
( ! sci5ce ( odd m9utes1  ! result w\ld 
be v important4 ,! sci5ce ( odd  m9utes6
 ,x multiplies & f]tilizes "t1 b books  
_c  imp>t x4 ,x gives habits ( ord]1    
att5tion1 & precision  t react f !      
ext]nal ^u ! moral life4 ,! mo/  *e]ful 
wom51 ! mo/ equable1 s]viceable1 &1 ,i  
may add1  ! heal?ie/ wom51 are ^? :o are
 intellig5t &  indu/ri\s1 & :o1 ?r\gh ! 
m$ium ( a well-ord]$  activity1 h       
discov]$ ! secret ( reconcil+ ! duties  
!y owe to ,god1 to _! families1 & to    

!mselves4    ,betwe5 ! spiritual & !    
mat]ial life1 :i* answ] to two  ord]s ( 
duty1 ! intellectual life mu/ h its     
place2 a  place at pres5t usurp$ by     
frivolity4    ,! intellectual life %\ld 
be ! por* ( ! spiritual life1  mat]ial  
exi/5ce ! support & in/rum5t ( ! o!r    
two4  ,b alas6 x is f> o!rwise4 ,mat]ial
 exi/5ce usurps1  suffocates1 ext+ui%es 
! light ( m9d & s\l4 ,art &  lit]ature  
elevate ! he>t1 excite a di/a/e = gross 
enjoym5ts1 & spiritualize life4 ,!y af=d
 n\ri%m5t to  m5tal activity1 :i* is n[ 
! prey ( levity1 especially  among wom51
 s$uc+ !m to va9 & dang]\s pleasures4   
,all  gr& & beautiful ?+s1 s wor?y ( !  
human intellect1  betray ! empt9ess (   
mat]ial enjoym5ts1 ennoble ! s\l &  lead
 x to heights t approa* heav54    ,!    
culture ( art & lett]s w\ld occupy !    
fem99e  imag9ation pr(itably4 ,x w\ld   
create1 or r reveal to  wom5 admirable  
res\rces conducive to happ9ess1 virtue1 
9  %ort to a complete exi/5ce2 :e!r 9   
society1 :]e woman's  influ5ce c elevate

 or debase ideas1 occupations1 int]e/s1 
& s5tim5ts2 or at home1 :]e tal5ts &    
in=mation1 :ile  conf]r+ a great *>m1   
w\ld r5d] h] m skilful 9 !  direction ( 
*ildr5 & 9 ! ex]cise ( salut>y influ5ce 
z a wife4    ,?us ! intellectual & !    
spiritual life w\ld be unit$  "u !      
bless+ ( ,god2 ?us we %\ld f9d 9 ! v>i\s
  classes ( society1 intellig5t ,*ri/ian
 wom51 elevat$ above  frivolity1 capable
 ( su/a9+ & inspir+ e noble idea1  e    
useful ef=t1 e productive life2 wom5 :o 
at home &  9 ! _w w\ld be m enlight5$1  
en]getic1 influ5tial1  e/imable1 =ceful 
?an ! wom5 ( ! pres5t day4    --------  
#bbg                  ,baby4      ,i've 
got a baby1 y "k4 ,!re6 if y laugh1     
,i'll n tell y  a s+le ^w ab\t x4 ,y    
won't laugh any m8 ,v  well2 !n don't4  
,my de> old toad--husb&1 ,i mean--,dan1 
:o is  ! born image ( baby--oh6 yes1 a v
 pretty ruse1  inde$1 pret5d+ to bl[ y\r
 nose4 ,c't ,i see y laugh+  beh9d y\r  
h&k]*ief8 ,i've got %>p eyes6 ,( c\rse  
,i  h4 ,all mo!rs h4 ,n[1 be good1 & sit

 up l a man1  &--!re--don't be putt+ y\r
 h& up t way ov] y\r  face1 because ,i c
 see clean ?r\gh x4 ,:at d y say8  ,good
 graci\s6 ,t rem>k is n appropriate4    
,h[ev]1 ,i  =give y1 = x might be if y  
knew :at ,i'm go+ to tell  y4 ,my de>   
old toa--husb&--is s fond ( baby t ,i   
don't  ?9k ,i am fond] ( him myself2 & t
 is say+ all ,i c  say1 & all ,i c\ld   
wi% to say1 because baby's me1 & ,i'm   
baby1 z ,i love to imag9e sometimes :5  
,i ask myself h[ mu* ,i  want ,dan to   
love 8 fooli% little wife & ,our ,baby4 
,really1  please don't hold y\r brea? 9 
t /yle2 ,i'm always  dreadfully fright5$
 :5 baby does x4    ,n[1 husb& lov+ baby
 & me z he does1 !re's n ! lea/  d\bt 9 
! _w t ,i am ! happie/ little woman1 & !
  mo/ cont5t$ little wife1 t ! _w ev]   
saw4 ,p]haps ,i  may exagg]ate1 b ask   
de> ,dan4 ,if 8 op9ion diff]s f  m9e1   
,i'll modify x2 = ,i ?9k he has ! be/   
judgm5t  ( any man ,i ev] saw4 ,tot1 he 
(t5 says1 7! de> old toad  always calls 
me ,tot1 because ,i'm small17 my op9ion 

co9cides  precisely ) y\rs1 &1 if ,i h  
any am5dm5t to make1 ,i  feel sure t y  
y\rself w\ld h made x "u !              
circum/ances4 ,( c\rse1 ,i ask if any   
am5dm5t occurs to  8 m9d4 ,!n he tells  
me1 &1 9 fact1 ,i see t x is  j su* an  
am5dm5t z ,i w\ld make "u !             
circum/ances4 ,oh6 he has ! mo/ p]fect  
judgm5t1 has my  husb&4 ,he n only kn[s 
:at is be/1 b he kn[s j :at ,i  w\ld ?9k
 be/4 ,= in/ance1 ab\t :at "n baby %\ld 
be  *ri/5$4 ,if x 0 to be a boy1 ,i     
settl$ at once 9 my m9d  t he %\ld be   
call$ ,daniel1 aft] 8 papa1 to be sure4 
,to  ?9k ( any o!r "n w\ld be %e]       
nons5se4 ,b n[ see !  judgm5t ( my old  
toad4 ,i 0 ?9k+ j ! same z y1  ,tot1    
said he1 & y\r *oice ( my own "n = !    
little  /rang] is ! v "o ,i _h hop$ y   
w\ld *oose2 b1  kn[+ h[ mu* y & ,i lov$ 
poor bro!r ,alf--:o 0  dr[n$ at sea--,i 
det]m9$ to r5\nce my "n 9 8 favor1  & s 
de> bro!r ,alf ) 8 sunny face w\ld live 
aga9 9  our *ild4 ,if little ,tot ?9ks (
 t1 %e w be sure to  agree ) me4 ,did ,i

 agree ) him8 ,( c\rse ,i did4  ,:at    
fooli% que/ions y m5 w ask4 ,i'd no m   
?9k (  call+ him ,daniel aft] t1 ?an (  
call+ him1  well--,nebu*odonosor--or "s 
o!r su* hea!n "n4 ,s !  prie/ *ri/5$ him
 ,alfr$4    ,oh6 we _h su* fun at !     
p>ty4 ,old ,mr4 ,pillik9s--! old        
g5tleman1 y recollect1 y met "h la/     
w9t]1 ) ! gold  spectacles & %9y bald   
head--0 s droll4  #bbh  ,he want$ to    
dr9k baby's heal?1 b someh[ he _h n he>d
  8 "n1 s look+ ov] to me he says3    ,&
 8 "n is--    ,beg9s ) an ,a1 said ,i4  
,beg9s ) an ,a1 he says aft] me4 ,good1 
v good4 ,fir/  lett] ( ! alphabet1 :]e  
all good *ildr5 ought to beg91      ',a 
0 an apple t hung on a tree3'    & !    
second lett] is--    ,is ,l1 to be sure1
 said ,i4    ,l6 :at else c\ld x be8    
,mr4 ,pillik9s acc5t$ ! ^w  else1 & !n1 
aft] he _h expla9$ x to u1 we _h  su* a 
good laugh4 ,wasn't x an excell5t pun8  
,!n he ?\ght he  _h x4 ,s1 tak+ up 8    
glass 9 8 "r h& & putt+ !  ?umb ( 8 left
 h& 9 ! armhole ( 8 wai/coat1 he says2  

,alex&]6    ,no1 no1 says ,i1 n ,alex&]4
    ,n ,alex&]6 ,true1 says he1 putt+ 8 
glass d[n  aga94 ,i 0 ab\t to add t     
,alex&] _h an ,a & an ,l1 b  did n h    
an--    ,f aft] x1 cri$ ,mrs4 ,g[sky1 f 
! bottom ( ! table4    ,madam1 y are q  
"r1 repli$ ,mr4 ,pillik9s1 b[+4 ,x  has 
n an ,f aft] x1 z ! baby's "n und\bt$ly 
has1 &  ! effect is c]ta9ly1 m 9efable  
on acc\nt  ( x4 ,ha1 ha6 y und]/&8 ,nev]
 0 !re su* a pun/] z  ! old g5tleman4 ,&
 !n foll[s a--    ,all ! re/1 said ,i1  
is j :at y did ) y\r  ,h]ald ?is morn+1 
,mr4 ,pillik9s4 ,:at 0 t8    ,madam1 ,i 
tore x up4    ,no1 no4 ,:at 0 ! fir/ ?+ 
y did ) x8    ,madam1 ,i dri$ x be=e !  
grate4 ,! newspap]s n[adays come  s damp
 to "o t x is en\gh to give "o ! g\t 9 !
  f+]s to hold !m4    ,?9k aga91 ,i     
cont9u$4 ,:at did y d ) x aft] hav+     
dri$ x8    ,madam1 ,i glanc$ ov] its    
cont5ts1 &--    ,o y tease6 said ,i1 y  
didn't d any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,y  read x4     
,!re6    ,yes1 madam4 ,i read x4        
,well1 !re's ! baby's "n1 !n1 ,i        

exclaim$1 almo/ los+  my pati5ce4 ,don't
 y see8    ,positively1 madam1 ,i did n4
 ,x is n ! fa%ion to record  bir?s      
n[adays4 ,only ! m>riages & dea?s4      
,well1 said ,i1 aft] ! laugh ?is rais$  
_h some:at  subsid$1 ,x might h be5     
record$ !re1 = all ,i c>e4 ,x  w\ld h   
be5 a happy piece ( in=mation1 & giv+ a 
good  example-- ,n[ :at are y laugh+    
at8--,a happy piece (  in=mation1 says  
,i1 & t's m ?an c be said ( _m  o!r     
items to be f\nd 9 its columns4    ,hav+
 got at ! "n1 at la/1 ,mr4 ,pillik9s    
made a v pretty  spee*1 at :i* ev]ybody 
clapp$ _! h&s & smil$1 &  ev]y?+ w5t (f 
pleasantly1 except ,mr4 ,g[sky's son1   
,pet]1  :o broke 8 w9e-glass by hamm]+ x
 on ! table1 & !n  fell backw>d1 sprawl+
 on ! floor1 f a bad habit he has (     
tilt+ 8 *air up4 ,he sc>$ baby s1 t1 to 
tell ! tru?1  ,i _h no pity = him 9 8   
confusion1 & r enjoy$ 8  blu%es1 :i*    
nev] left him all ! re/ ( ! ev5+4    ,i 
am malici\s8 ,n ,i2 b a poor1 de> baby t
 _c  protect itself mu/ n be abus$ )    

impunity4 ,i 0 ne>  fa9t+ ) fright1 too1
 :5 ,i he>d ! s\nd2 = ,i ?\ght  x mu/ be
 ! baby t _h fall5 out ( its nurse's    
arms4  #bbi  ,fir/ ?\ght always ab\t    
baby8 ,to be sure1 bless 8  little he>t1
 & ! la/ too6 ,y c sit !re twiddl+ y\r  
?umbs z if y did n agree ) me2 b ,i     
don't m9d y2 =  :at d y "k ab\t babies8 
,dan says1 & v truly1 t a  "m ^: fir/ & 
la/ ?\ght is n ab\t h] baby is n  likely
 to give mu* ?\ght at all1 ei!r fir/ or 
la/1 to h]  husb&4 ,i c't und]/& x2 b   
,dan tells me t n[adays  ,prote/ant     
wives h a horror ( babies4 ,i nev] ?\ght
 ( x  be=e2 b !re is ,mrs4 ,johnson1 %e 
has only "o *ild2 &  !re is ,mrs4       
,?ompson1 :o has b two2 & ,mrs4         
,simpson1 :o is  m>ri$ n[ six ye>s1 &   
has no *ildr5 at all4 ,x is s all  ?r\gh
 ! ,prote/ant community1 ,dan says2 & t 
!re are  actually m ,prote/ants die ?an 
are born4 ,x mu/ be _!  religion1 ,i    
suppose1 b ,i _c imag9e h[ a woman1 if  
%e _h  no religion at all--& !          
,prote/ants h got "s k9d ( "o  or       

o!r--c\ld hate babies4    ,z = me1 ,i c 
h>dly tell y h[ mu* ,i love baby1 & h[  
pr\d ,i am ( him2 & well ,i may be4     
,d9ah ,j5k9s1 8 nurse1  says t %e has   
nurs$ a good _m babies1 b su* a baby z  
,our ,baby %e nev] yet saw4    ,hi1     
missus1 said %e "o day1 dis color$ woman
 t'ought %e  kn[$ all k9ds o' babies z  
ev] w> or ev] c\ld be4  ,g'way1 ,d9ah1  
says ,i1 soon z ,i luff my eyes on to   
dis  *ild1 7t's ,our ,baby17 dis baby   
a9't no mo' l de babies  y's nuss$1 an' 
,i'se nuss$ a heap on 'em 9 my "t1      
dan--dan--/ick y] head 9 de fire6 ,& z  
,i (t5 say to de>  ,dan1 %e is ! mo/    
tru?ful woman ,i ev] met4    ,h ,i a    
black woman = a wet-nurse8 ,no1 ,i h'nt 
a  black woman = a wet-nurse1 nor a :ite
 woman ei!r4 ,oh6 y  are su* a /upid6   
,i am ! *ild's "m1 am ,i n8 ,t's en\gh4 
,i hope ,i %all  nev] be r$uc$ to su* an
 extremity z t4 ,i pity poor  mo!rs :o  
are4 ,if y 7 a "m1 y w\ld say ! same4   
,p h wet-nurses8 ,yes1 j z !y h ! *ol]a 
or ! typhoid fev]1 ,i suppose1 because  

!y _c help x4 ,z  to any woman1 any "m1 
*oos+ to h "o1 ,i %\ld say t  is ! %e]e/
 nons5se ev] dream$ (4 ,great p h  !m1  
que5s & empresses1 & ,i ne$n't be above 
!m8  ,?ank ,heav51 ,i am nei!r a que5   
nor an empress1 b !  devot$ wife ( my   
de> old toad ( a husb&1 ,dan ,gayl>k1 & 
! "m ( ,our ,baby6    ,:at is t y are   
say+ to relieve y\r m9d8 ,good  graci\s6
 ,y h made t rem>k once be=e1 & equally 
to ! po9t1 z x seems to me4 ,i 0 go+ to 
tell y all  ab\t ! baby1 b y are su* a  
tease1 ,n$1 & int]rupt "o  s (t5 ) y\r  
exce$+ly /range rem>ks1 t ,i feel v  mu*
 z "o might suppose ! skirmi%un tra9    
feels 9 be+  g5]ally swit*$ (f into a   
sid9'4 ,b1 :5 ,i'm n  swit*$ (f1 ,i am  
good z ! skirmi%un at any rate4 ,i doos 
all z lays 9 my p[] to get on4 ,i       
suppose y call y\rself  ! express tra9 t
 is too pr\d ev5 to :i/le a salute 9    
pass+ a poor1 heavy-lad5 freight tra91 &
 utt]ly despises a  mode/ c\ntry /ation 
z x goes ?und]+ by1 z if t 0  no place  
fit = its maje/y to /op at & bl[ at1 z  

,pr(essor ,haman says 9 8 ,cavalry      
,tactics4 ,i /udy milit>y  tactics8     
,yes1 infantry tactics1 y rogue1 "u     
,mrs4  ,pr(essor ,d9ah ,j5k9s2 b ,i read
 t 9 a book ( ,dan's "o  day4 ,dan has a
 great fancy = horses & dogs4 ,:i* (    
c\rse1 ,i'm jeal\s (8 ,n ! lea/4 ,x only
 makes me love  horses & dogs m ?an ,i  
o!rwise w\ld4  #bcj  ,simply because    
,dan loves !m8 ,simply because ,dan     
loves  !m2 & if t is n good en\gh       
reason1 ,i don't "k :at  is4 ,ah6 smile 
away z y please4 ,:at d y "k ab\t  x1 y 
wret*$ old ba*elor6    ,"h6 ,dixie6     
,dixie6 ,dixie6 ,come "h1 y good-=-no?+ 
old  black ---- ,!re1 !n1 t's en\gh n[4 
,say ,h[ d'ye to ,mr4  ,n$4 ,oh6 y      
ne$n't be afraid ( him4 ,he b>ks l\d1 ,i
 "k1 b  he won't bite4 ,& he is s kn[+4 
,i sometimes wi% he  did n "k q s mu*4  
,& s affectionate4 ,he takes a great    
fancy = ev]y?+ he sees t ,dan & ,i are  
fond (4 ,i d  ?9k he w\ld die = baby any
 day4 ,yes1 y w\ld1 w\ldn't  y1 y de>   
old fell[8 ,!re1 y see1 he says yes2 he 

always  gr9s & wags 8 tail t way :5 he  
wants to say yes4    ,x 0 ab\t ,dixie & 
baby ,i 0 go+ to tell y4 ,he 0 s  fond (
 baby t he want$ to take him out to walk
 & play )  him on ! ,palisades4 ,ah6 ,i 
%udd] :5 ,i ?9k ( x4    ,y recollect t  
hot ,?ursday 9 ,july8 ,! v air seem$ to 
be hold+ its own brea?4 ,i felt s       
oppress$ ) ! heat &  ! clos5ess ( !     
atmosph]e t ,i c\ld be> ! inside (  !   
h\se no long]1 & aft] tak+ a look--& a  
kiss8--yes1 & a kiss ( baby1 :o 0 sleep+
 s\ndly 9  8 cradle1 ,i w5t out to      
saunt] d[n ! %ady lane t leads  to !    
,palisades4 ,i notic$ t ,d9ah 0 asleep 9
 a *air1  too1 beside ! w9d[1 & ?\ght t1
 if %e c\ld sleep 9  su* wea!r1 x 0 a   
m]cy1 & s ,i left h] undi/urb$4 ,z ,i   
w5t out ( ! room1 ,i left ! door op51 s 
t1 if any  little breeze might spr+ up1 
x w\ld refre% baby 9 8  sleep4 ,i'm     
sorry en\gh n[ t ,i did4    ,y "k :at   
curi\s notions pres5tim5ts1 or :atev] y 
*oose to call !m1 w come into p's heads 
)\t _!  be+ able to give any reason =   

!m8 ,s x 0 ) me !n4 ,i  _h no soon] got 
out ( ! h\se ?an ,i ?\ght ab\t my  leav+
 ! door op51 & half-det]m9$ to g back & 
close  x4 ,! same ?\ght came to me aga9 
z ,i 0 turn+ ! lane2  & :5 ,i 0 once ^u 
! gre5 sw>d "u ! p9e-trees1  look+ d[n !
 dizzy height f ! top ( ! ,palisades ^u 
! riv]1 ,i w\ld mo/ assur$ly h return$ &
 clos$ !  door1 _h x n be5 = ! int5se   
heat1 & ,i may say !  cool & refre%+    
appe>ance ! wat] _h at t "t4 ,y  don't  
believe 9 pres5tim5ts8 ,well1 ,i        
ackn[l$ge t x  savors a little ( !      
fanciful & ! romantic--reason en\gh1  ,i
 suppose1 = y to reject any su* notion1 
y matt]-(-fact  old /ick4 ,b we wom5 _c 
take life z y m5 d1 or1 at  lea/1 z "s  
m5 d4 ,:at6 y are v glad we _c8  ,pray1 
:at d y mean by t8 ,oh6 ,i see1 y       
incorrigible old  ba*elor1 our diff]5t  
habits1 idiosyncrasies1 & ta/es lead  u 
to avoid 7n y\r company1 y "k bett]7 b  
y\r own pet  s*emes & fancies4 ,i1 = "o1
 don't ask ei!r to  m$dle ) !m or to %>e
 !m4 ,b y are v fond (  gett+ our       

approbation ( !m1 nev]!less4 ,dan says t
  !re is n an orator 9 ! c\ntry :o w\ld 
n pref] !  wav+ ( a lady's h&k]*ief to  
all t abom9able  rat-a-tat-tat y m5 make
 ) y\r heels & canes4 ,! m  sil5t ! sign
 ( "o's appreciation is1 ! bett]4       
,s9c]ity1  ,n$1 is seldom noisy4 ,true  
love is dumb z well z bl9d4 ,b  ?is is  
h>dly  propos ( ,dixie & ! baby4 ,:]e 0 
,i8 ,oh6 ! ,palisades1 yes4  #bca  ,if y
 7 any?+ ( a li/5]1 ,i might take !     
tr\ble to  give y a nice little bit (   
description ( ! sunny aft]noon  & !     
beautiful sc5e :i* ! riv] pres5t$ to my 
gaze2 b  ,i won't1 because ,i see y are 
gap+4    ,i _h be5 seat$ on ! grass ab\t
 half an h\r1 wat*+ !  boats loll+ ab\t 
9 ! wat] z if !y 7 too lazy to move  9  
su* hot wea!r1 :5 n a brea? ( air 0     
/irr+1 & ,i  _h be5 ?9k+ h[ happy my    
life _h be51 & :at a /ill  happi] future
 might yet be 9 /ore = me2 &1 z ,i look$
 up  at ! bright1 cl\dless sky1 ,i said 
to myself1 ,?us has ,god  bless$ my     
life1 = n a cl\d c ,i see 9 ! firmam5t (

 my  s\l1 :5 my rev]ie 0 int]rupt$ by ! 
noise ( foot/eps  beh9d me4 ,?9k+ x 0 "s
 *ildr51 ,i turn$ my head1  smil+ at !  
same "t1 t !y might see !y 7 welcome4   
,imag9e my surprise4 ,x 0 ,dixie & baby4
 ,he _h caught baby up  9 8 m\? by !    
wai/1 & 0 br++ him along j z he  is     
accu/om$ to c>ry cook's basket to m>ket1
 wagg+ 8 tail  & curvet+ ab\t 9 ! highe/
 /ate ( delight4 ,my fir/  ?\ght 0 t1 ! 
baby 0 dead--an awful ?\ght t w5t  ?r\gh
 my m9d1 & felt l an electric %ock--ei!r
 t  ,dixie _h bitt5 him to dea?1 or _h  
/ruck 8 poor1 de>  little head aga9/ !  
trees1 or ! f5ces1 or ! /ones1 or       
some?+ else2 b a second glance assur$ me
 t he 0 yet  unhurt1 = he 0 d\bl+ up 8  
fat little fi/s1 &--w  y believe        
x8--actually pummell+ ,dixie on 8 black 
nose4    ,in/ead ( com+ up to me z ,i   
hop$ he w\ld1 ,dixie no soon]  caught   
sight ( me ?an he da%$ (f1 runn+ r\nd & 
r\nd on  ! gre5 grassy bank1 /opp+      
sudd5ly1 & look+ at me z if  he w\ld    
entice me to *ase him4    ,y "k t pretty

 spot at ! end ( ! lane1 h[ smoo? !     
sw>d is1 & h[ g5tly ! gr\nd slopes d[n  
to ! sudd5  br9k ( ! ,palisades8 ,!     
circles ,dixie describ$ 9 8  gambols    
began to gr[ l>g] & l>g]1 & to my horror
 ,i saw  him run ne>] & ne>] to ! edge (
 ! dreadful precipice  ea* "t he came   
ar\nd4 ,y "k ! edge !re is j z  %>p z if
 x _h be5 cut away ) a knife1 & t1 ) !  
exception ( a n>r[ l9e ( jagg$ rocky    
l$ges1 ! :ole  front ( ! ,palisades is a
 smoo?1 p]p5dicul> height ( a  hundr$ & 
fifty feet at lea/4 ,:at if ! dog %\ld  
lose 8  foot+ & slip (f 9 "o ( ^? rapid 
c\rses he made6 ,n[1  ,i'm sure y _c    
tell me :at ,i did4 ,i sprang up & ran  
aft] him8 ,i knew y w\ld ?9k s4 ,y are  
mi/ak54 ,i  nev] mov$ a muscle4 ,i sat z
 /ill z a /atue1 & z sil5t  too4 ,dan   
said t 0 "m's wisdom1 & wi%$ t he _h    
nev] miss$ baby out ( 8 cradle :5 he    
came home2 =1 :5  ,dixie _h _h 8 play   
out1 ,i w\ld h obta9$ quiet  possession 
( baby1 & all ! fe>ful consequ5ces ( 8  
appe>ance on ! bank w\ld h be5 sp>$4 ,z 

x 01 he no  soon] saw ! empty cradle & !
 little :ite cov]let ly+  on ! floor all
 m>k$ ) ,dixie's dirty paws1 ?an he     
suspect$ ! tru? in/antly4 ,cook told    
him1 besides1 t %e  _h se5 me go+ (f to 
walk d[n ! lane1 & t %e 0  sure ,i _h n 
c>ri$ baby ) me4 ,d9ah _h fall5 s fa/   
asleep t %e _h he>d no?+4    ,i he>d 8  
foot/eps z he came runn+ d[n ! lane1 &  
knew  x 0 he1 b did n turn my head to   
look4 ,by ?is "t ,dixie  seem$ to take  
delight 9 runn+ /raight d[n ! bank1 z if
  he 7 ab\t to jump ov] ! ,palisades )  
baby 9 8 m\?1  b w\ld :eel ab\t %>ply z 
he came to ! edge4  #bcb  ,x 0 horrible4
 ,my eyes foll[$ 8 e movem5t1 & !y  a*$ 
) pa94 ,i did n d>e to close !m long    
en\gh ev5 to  w9k4 ,y ?9k my he>t 0     
beat+ fa/8 ,no4 ,x beat sl[ly1  v sl[ly4
 ,i c\ld feel its dull1 heavy /rokes l a
 sexton  slapp+ ! e>? z he heaps x ov] a
 newly fill$ grave4 ,dan  said ,i 0 n   
only z /ill & z sil5t z a /atue1 b z    
:ite too4 ,i d n ?9k ,i %all suff] m :5 
,i come to die4    ,no soon] _h ,dixie  

espi$ my husb& runn+ t[>d him ?an he    
b\nd$ (f to ! extremity ( ! sw>d1 j :]e 
t n>r[  l9e ( ragg$ rocks runs d[n !    
front ( ! ,palisades4 ,he saw  t 8 ma/] 
_h ang] 9 8 face1 & began to sl9k (f to 
escape puni%m5t4 ,x is a wond] he did n 
drop ! baby on !  gr\nd2 b1 d y "k1 ,i  
fancy t he ?\ght ! baby 0  go+ to get   
:ipp$ too1 & want$ to get him to a place
 (  safety4 ,no?+ else w expla9 :y1 f9d+
 himself ne>ly  ov]tak51 he look$ fir/  
on "o side & !n on ano!r = a  way to    
escape1 & n see+ any1 he w5t /raight to 
! dizzy  edge1 &1 ga!r+ up 8 feet1      
sprang ov] ! precipice4 ,i  saw !m bo?  
disappe>1 & he>d t mo/ he>t-r5d+ (      
s\nds1 a man's cry ( angui%2 ! v gr\nd  
seem$ :irl+  ar\nd me & ! sky com+ d[n  
^u me1 & cru%+ me2 b ,i  did n fa9t4 ,y 
are a brave little woman1 ,tot1 ,dan has
 said  to me _m a "t s9ce1 & wor? a :ole
 regim5t (  soldi]s4 ,i rose f ! gr\nd1 
& /agg]$ t[>d ,dan1 :o  ran to me & ?rew
 8 arms ab\t me & press$ my head to 8   
brea/4 ,o mom5t ( agony untold1 & ( !   

supreme/ com=t6  ,he utt]$ only "o ^w1  
speak+ ! two syllables sep>ately1  z    
?\gh he lov$ to dwell ^u e lett]1 & 9 a 
tone (  m+l$ horror1 grief1 t5d]e/ love1
 & sublime resignation--    ,ba--by6    
,i ?\ght ,i _h lov$ de> ,dan be=e t )   
all ! love my  poor little woman's he>t 
c\ld hold4 ,no4 ,! deepe/ love is  only 
born ( ! deepe/ suff]+4 ,!re are *ords (
 love  ^: music joy c nev] wak54 ,s9ce  
!n ,dan is to me m  ?an he ev] 01 m ?an 
he ev] c\ld h be51 _h n our  s\ls pass$ 
toge!r t mom5t ( agony4    ,i d n "k h[ 
long we /ood ?us1 nei!r d>+ to g to !   
br9k ( ! precipice & look ov]4 ,baby &  
,dixie mu/ be bo?  ly+ dead on ! rocks  
bel[4 ,at la/ ,dan mu/]$ up c\rage      
en\gh to say to me1    ,x is all ov]1   
d>l+4 ,god is good4    ,god is good1 ,i 
repeat$2 b1 ,o ,dan1 de>6 x is a cruel  
bl[4    ,= u to be>1 ,tot1 = u to be>2 b
 n = him to  give--no1 n = him to give4 
,he seem$ to wr+ ! words f 8 noble      
,*ri/ian he>t1 z  if he tore away 8 v   
life & (f]$ x to ,god4    ,/ay "h1 ,tot1

 said he1 ,i am /rong en\gh n[4 ,b 8    
:ole body trembl$ f head to foot1 & 8   
voice 0 ho>se  & brok54 ,i w g & look4  
,i fe>$ to let him g4 ,yet :y %\ld ,i   
deta9 him8 ,b ,i c\ld  n wat* him4 ,?r[+
 myself ^u ! gr\nd1 ,i buri$ my face  9 
my h&s1 & gave way to floods ( bitt]1   
bitt] te>s4    ,i _h n la9 ?us a mom5t1 
:5 ,i he>d a %>p1 pi]c+ cry4  ,rais+ my 
head 9 al>m1 to my unutt]able surprise &
 horror1  ,i saw ,dan spr+ ov] ! edge ( 
! ,palisades & disappe>4  ,aga9 ,i he>d 
him cry z be=e1 ,ba--by6 b !re 0 n[ a   
tone ( joy m+l$ ) t ( fe>1 :i* told me t
 !  *ild 0 n dead4  #bcc  ,x 0 a brief  
in/ant t ,i 0 on my knees1 x is true1 x 
0  no?+ m ?an a look ( gratitude ,i gave
 to ,god2 b he kn[s  t n all ! language 
ev] express$ by man c\ld fully tell  all
 t ?\ght ( ?anksgiv+ :i* my s\l s5t up  
to him1 z  ,i rais$ my clasp$ h&s to !  
cl\dless sky4    ,9 a mom5t ,i 0 at !   
edge ( ! ,palisades1 j :]e t  ragg$1    
rocky l9e runs d[n its front1 jutt+ out 
"h &  !re 9 r\gh l$ges4 ,!re 0 a /ory ( 

a man :o1 be+  pursu$ by ! (fic]s (     
ju/ice1 _h clamb]$ d[n !re &  escap$4   
,few p :o saw ! place believ$ x4 ,! v   
fir/  rock t jutt$ out 0 t5 feet f !    
top1 & t did n  pres5t m ?an two or ?ree
 feet ( surface4 ,a little to !  "r (   
?is1 & ab\t ?ree feet l[]1 0 ano!r1 on  
:i*  a man might easily /&1 b n = any   
l5g? ( "t1 z its  surface %elv$ outw>d1 
& ! rock ov]hang+ x above w\ld  n all[  
him to /& p]fectly upright4 ,any "o :o  
_h gott5  ?us f> mu/ p]=ce take 8 *ances
 ( clamb]+ d[n !  re/ or be precipitat$ 
head =emo/ bel[1 to c]ta9 dea?4    ,on  
?is second l$ge1 ,i saw ,dan hold+ !    
baby by 8 m\?1  j z ,dixie _h held him  
be=e4 ,dixie himself 0 cr\*$ up  beside 
him4 ,poor ,dan c\ld n hold 8 place long
 !re4 ,z x  01 he 0 =c$ to grasp little1
 %>p edges ( rock ) bo?  h&s to prev5t  
himself fall+ (f4 ,he saw at once t !re 
0 no "t to s5d = help f above1 & t he   
mu/ try !  p]il\s desc5t4 ,z he told me 
aft]w>d1 he _h n calculat$  ^u ?is :5 he
 leapt f above4 ,! fir/ glance he caught

 (  ! dog told him t1 if he releas$ 8   
hold ^u ! *ild's  dress & op5$ 8 m\?1 7 
x b = an in/ant1 baby  w\ld roll ov] !  
edge & be da%$ to pieces4 ,dan says n[  
t he %all nev] regret tak+ "o ha/y /ep 9
 8 life4 ,he  makes t an exception1 y   
see1 = he is always say+ to me1  ,n[1   
d>l+ ,tot1 let u see ! pros & ! cons2 = 
x is my  pr9ciple nev] to leap be=e ,i  
?9k1 b to let my m9d jump  be=e my feet4
    ,hold+ on1 z ,i told y1 to baby by 8
 tee?1 ,dan w5t  clamb]+ d[n ! l9e (    
rocks4 ,he _h manag$ to wave 8  h&      
backw>d to me z he left ! l$ge :]e      
,dixie 04 ,i knew  :at t meant--,don't  
look4 ,!re 0 little or no hope (  8 ev] 
rea*+ ! bottom safely1 & he wi%$ to sp>e
 me  ! awful sight ( 8 headlong fall1   
:i* might take place at  any /ep ( !    
way4 ,b ,i c\ld n /ir2 my feet 7 rivet$ 
to ! gr\nd4 ,besides1 c\ld ,i n help    
him8 ,x seem$ to me  t1 z he w5t d[n1   
almo/ fall+ f "o %>p rock to  ano!r1 ,i 
held him up ) my eyes4 ,:5 ,i told ,dan 
my fancy  aft]w>d1 he laugh$ & said3    

,n ! lea/ d\bt ( x1 ,tot4 ,i h felt !   
p[] ( ^?  eyes be=e4    ,x did n la/    
long1 b x appe>$ to my m9d1 wr\ght up to
  su* a /ate ( excitem5t1 z if x _h be5 
go+ on & 0  go+ on =ev]4 ,x is /amp$ on 
my m9d to-day z a memory (  ye>s4 ,z =  
de> ,dan1 x co/ him1 he said1 ! /r5g? ( 
_m days4 ,he 0 no soon] at ! bottom ?an 
he turn$ &  lift$ up ! baby 9 "o h&1 &1 
look+ up to me1 wav$ !  o!r z a sign (  
safety4 ,ah6 8 h&s1 8 poor h&s1 y  %\ld 
h se5 !m1 all cut & ga%$ by ! rocks4 ,^?
  h&s seem to h some?+ sacr$ ab\t !m ev]
 s9ce t  day4  #bcd  ,i saw him on 8    
knees1 & !n (f ,i scamp]$ to ! h\se to  
get ! c>riage4 ,x is two miles ar\nd by 
! road to !  bottom ( ! ,palisades1 & x 
took u a long :ile to get to  him4 ,:5  
we did1 he 0 /ill s weak t ,mike1 !     
coa*man1  & ,i _h to lift him up into ! 
c>riage4 ,d9ah w5t d[n to  ! place ,i _h
 left1 to make signs to him t he %\ld   
rema94  ,poor de>1 !re 0 no ne$ ( x4 ,s 
we came home 9 m joy  ?an ,i c tell     
y--,dan1 baby1 & ,i4 ,mike rescu$ ,dixie

  aft]w>d1 by gett+ himself let d[n f   
above ) a rope1 to  :]e ! pati5t old dog
 /ill 01 wond]+1 :o kn[s8 h[ he  ev]    
came to be !re4    ,:at is t y say8     
,good graci\s8 ,well1 ,i don't m9d  y\r 
say+ x n[1 aft] :at ,i h told y4 ,b     
don't y  ?9k1 n[1 ,mr4 ,n$1 t ,i ought  
to be v pr\d ( ,our ,baby  aft] t8 ,:at8
 ,ought to be v c>eful ( him8 ,!  idea6 
,an old ba*elor tell+ a "m to be c>eful 
( h] baby6    --------      ,! ,c>tesian
 ,d\bt4 ,footnote #cf        ,footnote  
#cf3 ,! ,*ur*man1      ,h>t=d1 ,ct41    
,augu/ #ca1 #ahfg4      ,! ,*ur*man1 an 
,episcopalian weekly p]iodical1 conta9s 
an article ( no little philosophic      
pret5sion1 entitl$  ,sci5ce & ,god1 :i* 
we propose to make ! occasion (  a brief
 discussion ( :at is kn[n 9 !           
philosophic _w z  ! ,c>tesian ,d\bt1 or 
,me?od ( ,philosophiz+4 ,!  ,*ur*man    
beg9s by say+3      ,a di/9ction is     
frequ5tly & v ju/ly tak5 betwe5         
philosophic & religi\s scepticism4 ,:5  
,desc>tes1 9 ord]    to f9d firm gr\nd =

 8 philosophical sy/em1 decl>$ t    he  
d\bt$ ! tru? ( e ?+1 ev5 ( ! exi/5ce (  
! s5sible _w & ! be+ ( ,god1 he did x 9 
!    int]e/ ( sci5ce4 ,he wi%$ to /& ^u 
a pr9ciple :i*    c\ld n be d5i$1 to f9d
 a fir/ tru? :i* no "o c\ld    "q4 ,&   
?is philosophic scepticism is an        
ess5tial    elem5t 9 all inve/igations (
 tru?4 ,x says to e    accr$it$ op9ion1 
,h y any "r to exi/8 are y a    reality 
or a %am8 ,by ?us explor+ ! f\ndation ( 
curr5t    beliefs1 we come to di/+ui% ^?
 :i* h real vitality    9 !m1 & /& on ! 
rock & n on ! s&2 & by    ga!r+ up !    
liv+ 7true7 & ca/+ away ! dead1         
7false17 sci5ce goes /ep by /ep t[>d its
 goal4    ,:e!r ,desc>tes recomm5d$ a   
real or only a feign$ d\bt1 z  ! fir/   
/ep 9 ! sci5tific process he def5d$1 has
 be5  & /ill is a disput$ po9t4 ,if x is
 only a feign$ or  pret5d$ d\bt1 x is no
 real d\bt at all1 & he :o affects  x is
 a real believ] all ! "t4 ,x is a %am   
d\bt1 & we  h nev] se5 any good 9 sci5ce
 or 9 any?+ else come f  %ams or %amm+4 

,if ! d\bt is real1 & is ext5d$ to all  
?+s1 ev5 to ! be+ ( ,god & our own      
exi/5ce1 z  ,desc>tes recomm5ds1 we are 
at a loss to und]/& any process  by :i* 
x c be sci5tifically remov$4 ,to him :o 
really  d\bts ( ev]y?+1 ev5 = a mom5t1  
no?+ c be prov$1  = he d\bts ! pro(s z  
well z ! propositions to be  prov$4 ,all
 pro(s mu/ be drawn ei!r f facts or f   
pr9ciples1 & none c avail any?+ ) "o :o 
holds all  facts & pr9ciples d\btful4 ,!
 man :o really d\bts  ev]y?+ is out ( ! 
condition ( ev] kn[+ or believ+  any?+4 
,!re is no way ( refut+ a sceptic b by  
direct+  8 att5tion to some?+ :i* he    
does n & _c d\bt2  & if !re is no?+ ( ! 
sort1 8 refutation is  impossible4      
#bce    ,desc>tes1 accord+ to ,!        
,*ur*man1 :5 he decl>$ he  d\bt$ ! tru? 
( ev]y?+1 ev5 ( ! exi/5ce ( !  s5sible  
_w & ! be+ ( ,god1 did x 9 ! int]e/ (   
sci5ce1 9 ord] to f9d firm gr\nd = 8    
philosophical  sy/em4 ,d\bt is          
ignorance1 = no man d\bts :]e he kn[s4  
,s  ,desc>tes s\ght a firm gr\nd = 8    

philosophical sy/em 9  univ]sal         
ignorance6 ,he wi%$ to /& ^u 7on7 a     
pr9ciple  :i* c\ld n be d5i$1 a fir/    
tru? :i* no "o c\ld  "q4 ,if he held !re
 is su* a pr9ciple1 su* a fir/  tru?1 or
 any?+ :i* _c be d5i$1 he c]ta9ly did n 
& c\ld n d\bt ( ev]y?+4 ,if he d\bt$ !  
be+ (  ,god1 h[ c\ld he expect to f9d   
su* a pr9ciple or su* a fir/  tru?8 ,!  
,*ur*man seems to approve ( ! ,c>tesian 
d\bt1 & says1 ,?is philosophical        
scepticism is an ess5tial  elem5t 9 all 
inve/igations ( tru?4 ,if ?is real or   
feign$  scepticism 7 possible1 no       
inve/igations c\ld end 9 any?+  b d\bt1 
= x w\ld always be possible1 :atev] !   
conclusions arriv$ at1 to d\bt !m4 ,b :y
 c ,i n  inve/igate ! tru? ,i d n d\bt  
or d5y8    ,moreov]1 is x lawful1 ev5   
provisionally1 9 ! int]e/ (  sci5ce1 to 
d\bt1 t is1 to d5y1 ! be+ ( ,god8 ,no   
man has  ! "r to make himself an a!i/   
ev5 = a mom5t4 ,!  obligation to believe
 9 ,god1 to love1 s]ve1 & obey him1 is a
  univ]sal moral obligation1 & b9ds e "o

 f ! fir/  dawn ( reason4 ,to d\bt ! be+
 ( ,god is to d\bt ! :ole  moral ord]1  
all ! my/]ies ( fai?1 ! entire ,*ri/ian 
religion4 ,& does ,! ,*ur*man pret5d t  
any man 9  ! int]e/ ( sci5ce or any o!r 
int]e/ has ! "r  volunt>ily to d t8     
,und\bt$ly1 e man has ! "r to int]rogate
 e  accr$it$ op9ion & to dem& ( x1 ,h y 
any  "r to exi/8 are y a reality or a   
%am8 ,b ! "r to  "q accr$it$ op9ions is 
"o ?+1 & ! "r to  "q ! fir/ pr9ciples   
ei!r ( sci5ce or ( fai? is  ano!r4 ,a   
man has no m "r volunt>ily to d5y ! tru?
  ?an he has to lie or /eal4 ,! ,*ur*man
 w n d5y  ?is4 ,!n ei!r x holds t all   
sci5ce z all fai? is  simply op9ion1 or 
x deceives itself 9 suppos+ t x  accepts
 ! ,c>tesian d\bt or adopts 8           
philosophical  scepticism4 ,d\bt 9 !    
region ( simple op9ion is v prop]4  ,x  
w\ld be p]fectly "r = ,! ,*ur*man to    
d\bt !  op9ion accr$it$ among           
,prote/ants t ,rome is a despotism1  !  
papacy a usurpation1 ! ,ca?olic religion
 a sup]/ition1 or  t ! *ur* has lo/1    

falsifi$1 corrupt$1 or ov]laid !  pure  
,*ri/ian fai?1 & dem& ( t op9ion1 ,h y  
any  "r to exi/8 are y a reality or a   
%am8 ,& we h little  d\bt1 if x w\ld d  
s1 t x w\ld f9d itself ex*ang+  its     
pres5t op9ion = ! fai? once deliv]$ to !
 sa9ts4  ,x is cle> en\gh f ! extract we
 h made t ,!  ,*ur*man means to ju/ify  
scepticism only 9 matt]s (  op9ion1 & t 
x is f> en\gh f d\bt+ ( ev]y?+1  or     
suppos+ t !re is no?+ real :i* no man c 
d\bt4    ,b1 if we exam9e a little m    
closely ?is ,c>tesian me?od  :i* bids u 
d\bt ( ev]y?+ till we h prov$ x1 we     
%all f9d m ?an "o reason = reject+ x4 ,!
 d\bt mu/  be ei!r real or feign$4 ,if !
 d\bt is only feign$ = !  purpose (     
inve/igation1 x am\nts to no?+1 s]ves no
  purpose :atev]2 = e man c>ries himself
 ) him :]ev]  he goes1 & ent]s into 8   
?\ght z he is1 ) all ! fai?  or sci5ce  
he really has4  #bcf  ,no man ev] does  
or c dive/ himself ( himself4 ,h5ce !   
difficulty we f9d ev5 9 imag9+ ourselves
 dead1 = ev5 9  imag9ation we ?9k1 & 9  

all ?9k+ we ?9k ourselves  liv+1 are    
consci\s t we are n dead4 ,9 e ?\ght1   
:atev] else we affirm1 we affirm our own
 exi/5ce1 & ?is  affirmation ( our own  
exi/5ce is an ess5tial & insep>able     
elem5t ( e ?\ght4 ,:5 ,i attempt to ?9k 
myself dead1 ,i  necess>ily ?9k myself z
 surviv+ my own dea?1 & z  hov]+ ov] my 
own grave4 ,no "o ev] ?9ks 8 own dea? z 
! total ext9ction ( 8 exi/5ce1 & h5ce we
 always ?9k  ( ! grave z d>k1 lonely1   
cold1 z if some?+ ( life or  feel+      
rema9$ 9 ! body buri$ 9 x4 ,m5 ask =    
pro(s  t ! s\l survives ! dissolution ( 
! body1 b :at !y  really ne$ is pro( t !
 s\l dies4 ,life we "k2 b dea?1  9 !    
s5se ( total ext9ction ( life1 we "k n2 
x is no  fact ( our exp]i5ce4 ,life we c
 conceive1 dea? we _c4 ,i  am always    
liv+ 9 my conceptions1 & t ,i die ) my  
body ,i  am utt]ly unable to ?9k1       
because ,i c ?9k myself only z  liv+4   
,! ?9k]1 !n1 ent]s z an inde/ructible   
elem5t into e  "o ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,!n he mu/
 ent] z he is & = :at he  is4 ,8 real   

fai? or sci5ce ent]s ) him1 & no d\bt c 
ent] t is n a real d\bt4 ,a feign$ or   
factiti\s d\bt1  be+ unreal1 does n & _c
 ent] ) him4 ,he is always  consci\s t  
he does n ent]ta9 x1 & !re=e c nev]  ?9k
 z he w\ld if he did4 ,! ,*ri/ian1 firm 
9 8 ,*ri/ian  fai?1 ^: s\l is clo!d )   
,*ri/ian habits1 _c ?9k  z an infidel1  
or ev5 9 ?\ght put himself 9 ! infidel's
  position4 ,h5ce "o reason :y s _m     
def5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1  p]fectly        
conclusive to ! believ]1 fail ( _!      
purpose )  ! unbeliev]4 ,ev5 ! unbeliev]
 tra9$ 9 a ,*ri/ian  community or br$ & 
born "u ,*ri/ian civilization _c  ?9k z 
"o br$ & born "u paganism4 ,:at we ass]t
 is1  t e man ?9ks z he is1 & _c ?9k    
o!rwise2  simply :at all ! _w means :5 x
 says ( a writ]1  ,:atev] else he       
writes1 he always writes himself4 ,m5   
may  mimic "o ano!r1 b always ea* 9 8   
own way4 ,! same words  f diff]5t writ]s
 produce n ! same impression ^u !       
read]4 ,some?+ ( himself ent]s into     
:atev] a man ?9ks or  does1 & no        

translator has ev] yet be5 able to      
translate an  au?or f "o language to    
ano!r )\t giv+ some?+ (  himself 9 8    
translation4 ,! ,c>tesian d\bt1 !n1 if  
feign$1 factiti\s1 or m]ely me?odical1  
is impracticable1 is  unreal1 & c\nts = 
no?+2 = all along ! inve/igator  ?9ks ) 
:atev] fai? & k he really has2 or       
simply1 we _c feign a d\bt we d n feel4 
,x w be no bett] if we assume t ! d\bt  
recomm5d$ is  real4 ,no man really d\bts
 :at he does n d\bt1 & no man  does or c
 d\bt ( ev]y?+2 = ev5 9 d\bt ! exi/5ce  
( ! d\bt] is affirm$4 ,b suppose a man  
really does d\bt  ( ev]y?+1 ! ,c>tesian 
me?od w nev] help him to  resolve 8     
d\bts4 ,f d\bt y c get only d\bt4 ,to   
propose  d\bt z a me?od ( philosophiz+  
is simply absurd1 z absurd  z x w\ld be 
to call scepticism philosophy1 fai?1 or 
sci5ce4  ,! m9d t d\bts ( ev]y?+1 if su*
 a m9d c be  suppos$1 is a p]fect blank1
 &1 :5 ! m9d is a p]fect  blank1 is     
totally ignorant ( ev]y?+1 h[ is x to   
und]/&1 discov]1 or "k t any?+ is or    

exi/s8  #bcg  ,!re h inde$ be5 m51      
sometimes m5 call$ philosoph]s1  :o tell
 u t ! m9d is at fir/ a tabula rasa1 or 
blank %eet1 & exi/s )\t a s+le "* writt5
 on x4  ,if s1 if x c exi/ 9 a /ate (   
blank ignorance1 h[ c x1  we %\ld l to  
"k1 ev] become an intellig5t m9d1 or ev]
  "k any?+ m ?an ! %eet ( pap] on :i* we
 are n[  writ+8 ,intellig5ce c speak    
only to intellig5ce1 & no m9d           
absolutely un9tellig5t c ev] be taught  
or ev] come to "k  any?+8 ,b if we      
assume t ! m9d is 9 any degree          
intellig5t1 we d5y t x c d\bt ( ev]y?+2 
= !re  is no intellig5ce :]e no?+ is    
kn[n1 & :at ! m9d  kn[s x does n & _c   
d\bt4 ,ei!r1 !n1 ?is blank  ignorance is
 impossible1 or no intellig5ce is       
possible4    ,b1 z we h already said1 no
 man does or c d\bt (  ev]y?+1 & h5ce ! 
,c>tesian me?od is an impossible  me?od4
 ,desc>tes mo/ likely meant t we %\ld   
d\bt (  ev]y?+1 ! ext]nal _w1 & ev5 !   
be+ ( ,god1 &  accept no?+ till we h    
f\nd a pr9ciple t _c be  d5i$1 or a fir/

 tru? t _c be d\bt$1 f :i* all  t is    
true or real may be d$uc$ aft] ! mann] (
 !  geometricians4 ,he did n mean to d5y
 t !re is su* fir/  tru? or pr9ciple1 b 
to ma9ta9 t ! philosoph] %\ld  d\bt till
 he has f\nd or obta9$ x4 ,8 error is 9 
tak+ up  ! "q ( me?od be=e t ( pr9ciples
 or fir/  tru?s--an error common to     
ne>ly all philosoph]s :o h  succe$$ him1
 b :i* we nev] enc\nt] 9 ! great ,g5tile
  philosoph]s1 f> less 9 ! great fa!rs &
 m$iaeval doctors  ( ! *ur*4 ,^! always 
beg9 ) pr9ciples1 & _!  pr9ciples       
det]m9e _! me?od4 ,desc>tes beg9s )     
me?od1  &1 z ,c\s9 has ju/ly said1 all 8
 philosophy is 9 8  me?od4 ,b1          
unhappily1 8 me?od1 bas$ on d\bt1       
recognizes  & conducts to no pr9ciples1 
!re=e to no philosophy1 to no  sci5ce1 &
 necess>ily leaves ! m9d 9 ! d\bt 9 :i* 
x  is held to beg94 ,! discussion (     
me?od be=e discuss+  pr9ciples assumes t
 ! m9d is at ! outset )\t  pr9ciples1   
or1 at lea/1 totally ignorant (         
pr9ciples2 &  t1 be+ )\t pr9ciples or   

totally ignorant ( !m1 x is  oblig$ to g
 =? & seek !m1 &1 if possible1 f9d or   
obta9 !m by its own active ef=ts4 ,b "h 
comes !  difficulty1 too (t5 ov]look$ by
 our mod]n philosoph]s4 ,!  m9d c nei!r 
exi/ nor op]ate )\t pr9ciples1 or :at   
"s philosoph]s call fir/ tru?s4 ,! m9d  
is con/itut$ m9d  by ! pr9ciples1 & )\t 
!m x is no?+ & c d  no?+4 ,! suppos$    
tabula rasa is simply no m9d at  all4   
,pr9ciples mu/ be giv51 n f\nd or       
obta9$4 ,we _c  ev5 d\bt )\t !m1 = d\bt 
itself is a m5tal act1 &  !re=e !       
pr9ciples !mselves1 )\t :i* no d\bt or  
d5ial is possible1 are n & _c be d5i$ or
 d\bt$2 =  ev5 9 d5y+ or d\bt+ ! m9d    
affirms !m4 ,pr9ciples1  aga91 _c be    
giv5 ! m9d )\t its possess+ !m1 &  = !  
m9d to possess a ?+ is to "k x4 ,z !    
pr9ciples  create or con/itute ! m9d1 ! 
m9d always kn[s !m1 &  :at x kn[s x does
 n & _c d\bt4 ,! philosoph]1 z  di/+ui%$
 f ! sophi/1 does n />t f d\bt1 &  d\bt 
( ev]y?+ till he has f\nd some?+ :i* he 
_c  d\bt2 b he />ts f ! pr9ciples       

!mselves1 :i*1 be+  giv51 are nota p]   
se1 or self-evid5t1 & !re=e  ne$ no     
pro(--9 fact1 are provable only f !     
absurd  consequ5ces :i* w\ld foll[ _!   
d5ial4    #bch    ,hav+ begun ) a false 
me?od1 ,desc>tes fails 9 reg>d to       
pr9ciples1 & takes z ! fir/ tru? :i* _c 
be d\bt$  :at1 ei!r 9 ! ord] ( be+ or   
kn[+1 is no fir/ tru?  or ultimate      
pr9ciple at all4 ,he takes z a pr9ciple 
:at is  simply a fact--! fact ( 8 own   
p]sonal exi/5ce1 or ( an  int]nal       
p]sonal s5tim5t3 ,cogito1 ergo sum1 ,i  
?9k1  !re=e ,i exi/4 ,reg>d$ z an       
argum5t to prove 8  exi/5ce1 z ,desc>tes
 evid5tly at fir/ reg>d$ x1 ?is  en?ymem
 is a %e] p>alogism1 & proves no?+2 = ! 
consequ5ce only repeats ! antec$5t2 sum 
is already 9  cogito4 ,i affirm t ,i    
exi/ 9 affirm+ t ,i ?9k4  ,b pass ov]   
?is1 & give ,desc>tes ! b5efit ( an     
explanation1 :i* he gives 9 "o ( 8      
lett]s :5 h>d  press$ by 8 acute ,jesuit
 oppon5t1 t he does n pret5d to  (f] x z
 an argum5t to prove t he exi/s1 b      

pres5ts x  simply z ! fact 9 :i* he f9ds
 or becomes consci\s ( 8  exi/5ce4 ,!re 
is no d\bt t 9 ! act ( ?9k+ ,i become   
consci\s t ,i exi/2 =1 z we h already   
%[n1 !  subject ent]s into e ?\ght z "o 
( its integral &  inde/ructible elem5ts2
 b ?is does n relieve him4 ,he  wi%$1 z 
says ,! ,*ur*man1 to /& ^u 7on7 a       
pr9ciple :i* c\ld n be d5i$1 to f9d a   
fir/ tru? :i*  no "o c\ld "q4 ,?is      
pr9ciple or fir/ tru? he pret5ds  is 8  
own p]sonal exi/5ce1 express$ 9 !       
sophism1 ,i ?9k1  !re=e ,i exi/1        
,cogito1 ergo sum4 ,we agree1 inde$ h   
already prov$1 t no "o c d5y or d\bt 8  
own p]sonal  exi/5ce1 al?\gh x is       
possible = a man to set =?  propositions
 :i*1 9 _! logical developm5t1 w\ld d5y 
x4  ,b ! me?od ,desc>tes def5ds p]mits  
him to ass]t no?+  :i* _c be d$uc$1 aft]
 ! mann] ( ! geometricians1  f !        
pr9ciple or fir/ tru? on :i* he takes 8 
/&2  & unless he c s d$uce ,god & !     
univ]se1 he mu/ d5y  !m4    ,b f ! fact 
t ,i exi/1 t is1 f my own p]sonal       

exi/5ce1 no?+ b myself & :at is 9 me &  
dep5d5t on  me c be d$uc$4 ,geometrical 
or ma!matical d$uction is  no?+ b       
analysis1 & analysis c give no?+ b !    
subject analyz$4 ,n[1 x s happ5s t ,i d 
n conta9 ,god  & ! ext]nal univ]se 9    
myself4 ,foll[+ ! ,c>tesian  me?od1 ,i c
 atta91 !n1 to no exi/5ce b myself1 my  
own  p]sonal ph5om5a4 ,i c d$uce no     
exi/5ce b my own1 & am  =c$1 if logical1
 to d\bt or d5y all o!r exi/5ce1 t  is1 
all exi/5ce b my p]sonal exi/5ce1 & my  
own int]ior  s5tim5ts & affections4 ,i  
am ! only exi/5ce2 ,i am all t  is or   
exi/s1 & h5ce ei!r ,i am ,god or ,god is
 n4 ,:at is  ?is b ! absolute egoism (  
,fi*te8    ,desc>tes himself seems to h 
felt ! difficulty1 & to h  se5 t ,god   
_c1 aft] all1 be d$uc$ f ! fact (       
p]sonal exi/5ce2 he !re=e ass]ts ,god z 
an innate idea1  & concludes 8 real &   
indep5d5t be+ f ! idea innate  9 8 own  
m9d4 ,analysis ( 8 own m9d discloses !  
idea1 &  f ! idea he concludes1 aft] !  
mann] ( ,/4 ,anselm1 t  ,god is4 ,b :5  

,i am giv5 z ! pr9ciple or fir/ tru?1 h[
  conclude f my idea1 :i* is simply a   
fact ( my int]ior  life1 t !re is any?+ 
indep5d5t ( me to correspond to x8  #bci
  ,"h ,desc>tes 0 =c$ to dep>t f 8 own  
me?od1 & make  :at on 8 sy/em is a mo/  
unw>rantable assumption1 namely1  t !   
idea1 be+ innate1 is deposit$ by ,god 9 
! m9d1  &1 z ,god _c lie1 ! idea mu/ be 
true1 & !re=e ,god  is4 ,t is1 he takes 
! idea to prove ! be+ ( ,god1 & !       
v]acity ( ,god to prove ! tru/wor?9ess (
 ! idea6 ,b he  0 to d\bt ! be+ ( ,god  
till he _h geometrically  demon/rat$ x2 
he !re=e mu/ prove t ,god is be=e he  c 
appeal to 8 v]acity4 ,8 me?od involv$   
him 9 a maze (  sophi/ries f :i* he 0   
nev] able to escape4 ,god conclud$  f my
 idea1 innate or o!rwise1 is only my    
idea1 )\t any  reality indep5d5t ( me4  
,! argum5t ( ,/4 ,anselm is valid  only 
:5 idea is tak5 objectively1 n          
subjectively1 z  ,desc>tes takes x4     
,:at ,desc>tes really meant by innate   
ideas we d n "k1 &  we are n c]ta9 t he 

knew himself2 b he says1 some:]e  9 8   
correspond5ce1 t1 :5 he calls ! idea (  
,god  innate1 he only means t we h !    
innate faculty ( ?9k+  ,god4 ,8 argum5t 
is1 ,i ?9k ,god1 & !re=e ,god is4 ,/ill 
! difficulty accord+ to 8 own me?od     
rema9s unsolv$4    ,giv5 my own p]sonal 
exi/5ce alone z ! pr9ciple or fir/      
tru?1 x foll[s t1 at lea/ 9 sci5ce1 ,i  
am suffici5t =  myself4 ,!n no?+        
di/+ui%able f myself is necess>y to  my 
?\ght1 & !re is no ne$ ( my go+ out (   
myself to  ?9k4 ,h[1 !n1 conclude t :at 
9 ?\ght seems to be  object is really   
any?+ di/+ui%able f myself8 ,i ?9k      
,god1 b h[ conclude f ?is t ,god is     
di/9ct f &  indep5d5t ( me1 or t he is  
any?+ b a mode or affection  ( my own   
p]sonal exi/5ce8 ,! fact is1 :5 we take 
our own  p]sonal exi/5ce alone z !      
pr9ciple f :i* all objects  ( fai? or   
sci5ce are to be d$uc$1 we c nev] atta9 
to any  reality n conta9$ 9 our exi/5ce 
z ! "p 9 ! :ole1  ! effect 9 ! cause1 or
 ! prop]ty 9 ! ess5ce4  ,exclusive      

psy*ology1 z has be5 %[n ov] & ov] aga91
 c  give u only ! subjectivism ( ,kant1 
or ! egoism ( ,fi*te1  result+          
necess>ily 9 ! nihilism1 or id5tity (   
be+ &  n-be+1 ( ,hegel4    ,!           
psy*ologi/s g5]ally d n1 we are aw>e1   
conc$e ?is2  b !y are n 9 fact1 :atev]  
!y are 9 !ory1 exclusive  psy*ologi/s1 &
 _! inductions ( ,god & an ext]nal      
univ]se are made f ontological z well z 
f psy*ological  data4 ,!y beg9 _!       
process1 inde$1 by analyz+ !  m9d1 :at  
!y call ! facts ( consci\sness1 b !y    
always  include 9 _! premises           
non-psy*ological elem5ts4 ,_!           
inductions all suppose man & ! univ]se  
are cont+5t  exi/5ces1 & z ! cont+5t is 
inconceivable z cont+5t  )\t ! necess>y1
 !y conclude1 s9ce ! cont+5t  exi/s1 v  
logically1 t !re really is also !       
necess>y1  or necess>y be+1 :i* is ,god4
 ,b ! necess>y1 )\t  :i* _! conclusion  
w\ld & c\ld h no validity1 is n a       
psy*ological fact or elem5t2 o!rwise !  
s\l itself w\ld be  necess>y be+1 w\ld  

be itself ,god4 ,! mi/ake arises f      
reg>d+ :at philosoph]s call necess>y    
ideas1 su* z !  idea ( ! necess>y1 !    
univ]sal1 ! immutable1 ! et]nal1  etc41 
because held by ! m9d1 z psy*ological1  
in/ead (  be+1 z !y really are1         
ontological4 ,be+ ontological1 real     
be+1 ! inductions ( ! psy*ologi/s1 z !y 
call  !mselves1 d really c>ry u out ( ! 
psy*ological ord]1  out ( ! subjective  
into ! objective4  #bdj  ,b1 if _!      
inductions 71 z !y pret5d1 f exclusively
  psy*ological data1 !y w\ld h no value 
beyond ! s\l  itself1 & ! ,god conclud$ 
w\ld be only a psy*ological  ab/raction4
 ,inde$1 mo/ psy*ologi/s ass]t m tru?   
?an  _! me?od all[s1 are bett] ?an _!   
sy/ems4 ,especially is  ?is ! case )    
,desc>tes4 ,on 8 own sy/em1 logically   
develop$1 he c\ld ass]t no reality b 8  
own individual s\l  or p]sonal exi/5ce2 
yet1 9 po9t ( fact1 he ass]ts ne>ly  all
 t ! ,ca?olic !ologian ass]ts1 b he does
 x  inconsi/5tly1 illogically1          
unsci5tifically1 & ?us leads 8  foll[]s 

to d5y ev]y?+ n ass]table by 8 me?od4   
,b1 z we h said1 ,desc>tes does n atta9 
by 8 me?od to  a fir/ pr9ciple4 ,n only 
_c ! be+ ( ,god & !  exi/5ce ( ! ext]nal
 univ]se be d$uc$ f our own  p]sonal    
exi/5ce1 b1 by 8 me?od1 our p]sonal     
exi/5ce  itself _c be logically ass]t$4 
,x is n ultimate1 a fir/  pr9ciple1 or a
 fir/ tru?4 ,our p]sonal exi/5ce _c /&  
by itself alone4 ,x is true ,desc>tes   
says1 ,cogito1 ergo  ,,sum2 b ,i _c ev5 
?9k by myself alone1 & ev5 he does  n   
v5ture to take sum 9 ! absolute s5se (  
am1 z 9 ! incommunicable "n by :i* ,god 
reveals  himself to ,moses1 ,i ,,am ,,:o
 ,,am1 or ,i ,,am ,,t ,,am4 ,ev5 he     
takes x  9 ! s5se ( exi/1 ,cogito1 ergo 
sum1 ,i ?9k1  !re=e ,i exi/4 ,he nev]   
d>$ ass]t 8 own p]sonal  exi/5ce z      
absolute1 und]iv$1 et]nal1 & necess>y   
be+2  x rema9$ = a ,fi*te1 adopt+ !     
,c>tesian me?od1 to d  t4 ,betwe5 be+ & 
exi/5ce1 ess5tia &  exi/5tia1 !re is a  
diff]5ce :i* our philosoph]s  are n     
always c>eful to note4 ,exi/5ce is f    

ex/>e1  & /rictly tak51 means /&+ f     
ano!r1 or a d]ivative  & dep5d5t1 !re=e 
a cont+5t exi/5ce1 or creature1  ^: be+ 
is 9 ano!r1 n 9 itself4 ,we speak1      
inde$1 (  human be+s1 b m5 are be+s only
 9 a d]ivative s5se1 n  9 ! prim>y or   
absolute s5se4 ,h5ce ! apo/le to !      
,g5tiles says1 ,9 him 7,god7 we live1 & 
move1 & are1 or h  our be+4 ,9 ourselves
 we h no be+1 & are some?+ only  z      
creat$ & upheld by ,him :o is be+       
itself1 or1 to speak   la ,plato1 be+ 9 
himself4 ,evid5tly1 !n1 our  p]sonal    
exi/5ce is n ultimate1 !re=e n ! fir/   
pr9ciple1 nor ! fir/ tru?4 ,! ultimate1 
at lea/ 9 !  ord] ( be+1 is n ! s\l1 a  
cont+5t exi/5ce1 b1  real be+1 t is1    
,god himself4    ,b z we h & c h no     
p]sonal exi/5ce except f  ,god1 x is    
evid5t t we _c ass]t our p]sonal exi/5ce
  by itself alone2 & to be able to ass]t
 x at all1 we mu/ be  able to ass]t !   
be+ ( ,god4 ,n[1 ,desc>tes tells u t we 
mu/ d\bt ! be+ ( ,god till we c prove x 
aft] ! mann]  ( ! geometricians4 ,b h[  

are we to d ?is8 ,we _c1 z we  h se51   
d$uce 8 be+ f our own p]sonal exi/5ce2 &
  :at is /ill m to ! purpose1 :ile we   
d5y or d\bt 8  be+1 we _c ass]t or ev5  
conceive ( our own1 because our         
exi/5ce1 be+ d]ivative1 dep5d5t1 hav+ n 
its be+ 9  itself1 is n intelligible or 
conceivable 9 or by itself alone4  ,!   
cont+5t is n conceivable )\t ! necess>y4
 ,!y are  correlatives1 & correlatives  
connote ea* o!r4 ,n[1 if we  d5y or d\bt
 ! be+ ( ,god1 we necess>ily d5y or d\bt
 our  own p]sonal exi/5ce1 impossible & 
inconceivable )\t ,god4  #bda  ,) ,god  
disappe>s ! exi/5ce ( ! ext]nal univ]se 
&  our own4 ,if1 !n1 x 7 possible to    
d\bt ( ! be+ ( ,god1  we %\ld d\bt ( all
 ?+s1 & %\ld h no?+ left )  :i* to prove
 t ,god is4 ,god is ! fir/ pr9ciple 9   
be+  & 9 kn[+1 & if he is d5i$1 all is  
d5i$4 ,a!ism is  nihilism4    ,desc>tes 
evid5tly assumes t x is bo? possible &  
lawful  to d\bt ! be+ ( ,god1 nay1 t we 
ought to d s1 till we  h geometrically  
demon/rat$ t he is1 & ,!  ,*ur*man tells

 u t ?is scepticism is an ess5tial      
elem5t 9 ! inve/igation ( tru?4 ,we _c  
br+ ourselves  to believe x4 ,god1 !    
!ologians tell u1 is real &  necess>y   
be+1 ! contr>y ( :i* _c be ?\ght1 & x   
is ! fool1 ! ,scriptures tell u1 t says 
9 8 he>t1 ,god  is n4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is  
is 9 ! fact t we d 9 e  ?\ght ?9k our   
own exi/5ce1 & _c d5y x if we w\ld2  & 9
 ! f>!r fact t we always d ?9k our own  
exi/5ce  z cont+5t1 n z necess>y be+2 & 
t we _c ?9k  ! cont+5t )\t at ! same "t 
?9k+ ! necess>y1  z 0 suffici5tly %[n 9 
! pap]s on ,! ,problems ( !  ,age1      
publi%$ sometime s9ce 9 ?is ,magaz9e4 ,z
 !re c  )\t ,god be no?+ to be kn[n1 we 
mu/ diss5t f ,!  ,*ur*man1 z f ,desc>tes
 himself1 t a philosophical  scepticism 
:i* ext5ds ev5 to ! be+ ( ,god is an    
ess5tial elem5t 9 ! inve/igation ( tru?4
 ,x seems to u  ! wor/ way possible to  
tru?1 t ( beg9n+ by d5y+ all  tru?1 &   
ev5 ! possibility ( tru?4 ,! man :o does
 s1  humanly speak+1 puts himself out ( 
! condition (  discov]+ or receiv+ tru? 

( any sort4 ,he :o seeks = !  tru? %\ld 
d s ) an op5 m9d & he>t1 & ) !          
conviction t x is4 ,we mu/ op5 our eyes 
to ! light1 if we  w\ld behold x1 & our 
he>ts to ! entrance ( tru?1 if we  w\ld 
h x w>m & vivify u4 ,^? m5 :o %ut _!    
eyes1  compress _! lips1 & close !      
ap]ture ( _! m9ds are  ! la/ m5 9 ! _w  
to discov] or to receive ! tru?1  & !y  
mu/ expect to walk 9 d>kness & d\bt all 
_!  lives4 ,scepticism is a worse       
prep>ation = inve/igat+ tru?  ?an ev5   
cr$ulity1 ?\gh scepticism & cr$ulity are
 blood  relations1 & usually walk h& 9  
h&4    ,if x 7 possible to d\bt ! be+ ( 
,god1 or to ?9k a  s+le ?\ght )\t ?9k+  
him1 we %\ld prove ourselves  indep5d5t 
( him1 & !re=e deprive ourselves ( all  
possible means ( prov+ t he is4 ,if1 =  
in/ance1 we c\ld  ?9k our own exi/5ce1 z
 is assum$ 9 ! ,c>tesian en?ymem1       
,cogito1 ergo sum1 )\t 9 ! same         
indissoluble ?\ght  ?9k+ ,god1 !re w\ld 
be no necessity ( ass]t+ ,god1 &  no    
possible argum5t by :i* we c\ld prove 8 

be+1 or data  f :i* he c\ld be conclud$4
 ,man c no m exi/ & act  9 !            
intellectual ord]1 )\t ,god1 ?an 9 !    
physical  ord]4 ,if y suppose m5 capable
 ( ?9k+ & reason+  )\t ! intellectual   
appreh5sion ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 z  mu/ be !
 man :o really d\bts ! be+ ( ,god1 !re  
is no  possible reason = ass]t+ ,god1 & 
x is a matt] ( no  practical mom5t 9 !  
conduct ( life :e!r we believe 9 ,god   
or n4 ,! fact is1 no man c d\bt ! be+ ( 
,god any m  ?an he c 8 own p]sonal      
exi/5ce4 ,! ,c>tesian me?od1 if  foll[$ 
/rictly1 w\ld lead logically to univ]sal
 nihilism2  = he :o d\bts ! be+ ( ,god  
mu/1 if logical1 d\bt (  ev]y?+1 & he :o
 d\bts ( ev]y?+ c be conv9c$ (  no?+4   
#bdb    ,we say n only t a!ism is       
absurd1 b t x is  impossible2 & !y :o ) 
! fool say !re is no ,god1 if  s9c]e1   
deceive !mselves1 or are deceiv$ by !   
false me?ods  & !ories ( philosoph]s1 or
 sophi/s r4 ,no man c  ?9k a s+le ?\ght 
)\t ?9k+ bo? ,god & himself4 ,!  man may
 n adv]t1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 to ! fact

 t he  ?9ks ,god1 b he c]ta9ly ?9ks1 z  
we %[$ 9 our article  la/ ,may1 on ,an  
,old ,qu>rel1 t :i* is ,god4 ,no man    
ev] ?9ks ! imp]fect )\t ?9k+ ! p]fect1 !
  p>ticul> )\t ! univ]sal1 ! mutable )\t
 !  immutable1 ! temporal )\t ! et]nal1 
! cont+5t  )\t ! necess>y4 ,! p]fect1 ! 
univ]sal1 ! immutable1  ! et]nal1 !     
necess>y are n ab/ract ideas1 = !re are 
no ab/ractions 9 nature4 ,ab/ractions   
are nullities1 & _c  be ?\ght4 ,! ideas 
mu/ be real1 & !re=e be+2 & :at  is     
p]fect1 univ]sal1 immutable1 et]nal1    
real & necess>y  be+ b ,god8 ,t :i* is  
,god ent]s into e "o ( our  ?\ghts1 & c 
no m be d5i$ or d\bt$ ?an our own       
exi/5ce4 ,^? poor p :o reg>d !mselves z 
a!i/s s  reg>d !mselves because !y d n  
und]/& t !  s-call$ ab/ract or necess>y 
ideas are n simply ideas 9 !  m9d or    
psy*ological ph5om5a1 b are objective1  
real be+1  ! et]nal1 immutable1         
self-exi/5t ,god1 9 :om we live1 &      
move1 & h our be+4 ,no d\bt we ne$      
in/ruction &  reflection to und]/& ?is1 

b ?is in/ruction is )9 !  rea* ( all m51
 & e m9d ( ord9>y capacity is adequate  
to ! necess>y reflection4 ,9 po9t (     
fact1 x is !  philosoph]s t make a!i/s1 
& ! a!ism is always  !oretical1 nev]    
real4    ,!re is no d\bt t a little     
+5uity may d$uce some?+  l ?is doctr9e f
 ,desc>tes's ass]tion ( innate ideas1  b
 n 9 ! s5se ,desc>tes himself und]/ood !
 ^w  idea4 ,) ,desc>tes ! ^w idea nev]  
means !  objective reality1 b its image 
9 ! m9d2 nev] be+ itself1  b its m5tal  
repres5tation1 leav+ x necess>y1 aft]   
hav+  asc]ta9$ t we h ! idea1 to prove t
 x repres5ts an  objective reality--a ?+
 :i* no man has ev] done or ev] c  d4 ,8
 subsequ5t explanation t he meant1 by   
ass]t+ t  ! idea ( ,god is innate1      
simply ! innate faculty ( ?9k+  ,god1 0 
a ne>] approa* to ! tru? p]haps1 b did n
  rea* x1 because x assum$ t ! intuition
 ( t :i*  really is ,god foll[s !       
ex]cise ( ! faculty ( ?9k+1  in/ead (   
prec$+ & con/itut+ x1 & is n an   priori
 b an empirical intuition4 ,if we c\ld  

suppose !  faculty con/itut$1 exi/+1 &  
op]ative1 )\t !  intuition ( real &     
necess>y be+1 & t ! idea is  obta9$ by  
our ?9k+1 !re w\ld /ill rema9 ! "q  z to
 ! objective validity ( ! ?\ght4 ,if    
,desc>tes _h  id5tifi$ ! idea ) be+     
reg>d$ z intelligible to u1  & repres5t$
 x z creat+ or con/itut+ ! faculty (    
?9k+1 he w\ld h rea*$ ! tru?2 b ?is he  
c\ld n  d by 8 me?od1 :i* requir$ him to
 recognize z 8  pr9ciple only 8 own     
p]sonal exi/5ce1 & to d$uce f x1  aft] !
 mann] ( ! geometricians1 :atev] he     
recogniz$ z  true4 ,god1 or :at is ,god1
 c\ld be obta9$ or pres5t$ only by  !   
ex]cise ( our faculty ( ?9k+1 & n by !  
creative  act ( ,god affirm+ himself z !
 fir/ pr9ciple alike (  ?\ght & !       
faculty ( ?9k+4    #bdc    ,if ,desc>tes
 _h prop]ly analyz$ ?\ght & asc]ta9$ its
  ess5tial & inde/ructible elem5ts1 he  
w\ld h avoid$ !  error ( resolv+ ! ?9k] 
into ?\ght1 la p5se1  :i* d5i$ !        
sub/antive "* ( ! s\l & made x  purely  
ph5om5al1 & h asc]ta9$ t1 beside !      

subject  or our p]sonal exi/5ce1 b      
simultane\sly ) x1 !re is  affirm$ :at 9
 ! ord] ( reality prec$es x1--,god      
himself1  "u ! =m1 if ,i may s speak1 ( 
real1 necess>y1 univ]sal1  et]nal1 &    
indep5d5t idea or be+4 ,!re is giv5 9 e 
?\ght1 z its prim>y & ess5tial elem5t1 a
 real ontological  elem5t1 )\t :i* no   
?\ght is possible4 ,?is1 n our  p]sonal 
exi/5ce1 is ! fir/ tru? or pr9ciple :i* 
e  philosoph] mu/ recognize1 if he w\ld 
build on a solid  f\ndation & n 9 ! air1
 & ?is pr9ciple c no m be  d5i$ or d\bt$
 ?an our p]sonal exi/5ce itself1 = )\t  
x we c\ld n ?9k our p]sonal exi/5ce1    
nay1 c\ld n  exi/ at all1 z capable (   
?\ght4    ,b ev5 if1 by a j analysis1   
,desc>tes _h f\nd t ?is  ontological    
elem5t is a necess>y & inde/ructible    
elem5t (  ?\ght1 he w\ld h /ill greatly1
 fatally err$ if he _h  tak5 x z 8 fir/ 
pr9ciple & refus$ to admit any  exi/5ce 
n logically d$ucible f x1 t is1 d$ucible
  f x aft] ! mann] ( ! geometricians1 z 
requir$ by  8 me?od4 ,fa!r ,ro!nflue1   

,fa!r ,f\rni]1 & ! ,l\va9  pr(essors    
reject ! ,c>tesian psy*ology1 & assume  
,ens1 or  be+1 :i* !y v prop]ly id5tify 
) ,god1 z ! fir/  pr9ciple 9 sci5ce4    
,?is is prop]4 ,b h[ d !y pass f  be+ to
 exi/5ces1 f ! necess>y to ! cont+5t1 f 
,god to creation8 ,we _c d$uce logically
 exi/5ces f  be+1 because logic c d$uce 
f be+ only :at is  necess>ily conta9$ 9 
be+1 t is1 only be+4 ,if we say1  giv5  
be+ exi/5ces logically foll[1 we assume 
) ,c\s9  t ,god _c b create1 t creation 
is a necessity ( 8  own nature1 & !re=e 
necess>y1 z necess>y z ,god himself1    
:i* d5ies ! cont+5cy ( creatures1 &     
id5tifies !m  ) necess>y be+4 ,?is is   
precisely :at ,desc>tes himself  does   
aft] he has once got possession1 z he   
supposes1 ( !  idea ( ,god1 or prov$ t  
,god is4 ,creation on 8 sy/em is !      
necess>y1 n ! free act ( ! ,creator4    
,!re are1 z has (t5 be5 rem>k$1 two     
sy/ems 9 ,desc>tes1  ! "o psy*ological &
 ! o!r ontological2 z !re are 9  8 great
 admir] & foll[]1 ,victor ,c\s94 ,! two 

sy/ems  are f\nd 9 juxtaposition inde$1 
b )\t any logical or  g5etic relation4  
,desc>tes proce$s f 8 p]sonal exi/5ce  z
 8 pr9ciple1 :i* gives him no?+ b 8     
p]sonal  exi/5ce2 !n f9d+ t he has !    
idea ( ,god1 = we  presume he _h be5    
taught 8 cate*ism1 he takes ! idea z  8 
pr9ciple1 & erects on x a sy/em (       
ontology4 ,9 ?is  la/ he 0 foll[$ by    
,malebran*e1 a f> great] man ?an        
himself4 ,malebran*e p]ceiv$1 :at we h  
%[n1 t we h  direct & imm$iate          
intellig5ce ( ,god1 t he1 z idea1 is  ! 
imm$iate object ( ! und]/&+1 & t we see 
all  ?+s 9 him4 ,h5ce 8 well-kn[n ,visio
 9 ,deo1 or  ,vision 9 ,god1 :i* w\ld be
 true en\gh if we _h ! vision (  ! ble/1
 & c\ld see ,god z he is 9 himself2 =   
,god sees or  kn[s all ?+s 9 himself1 & 
has no ne$ to g out ( himself  to "k    
any?+ he has made4  #bdd  ,b ?is is n ! 
case ) u4 ,we d n see ?+s !mselves  9   
,god1 b only _! idea or possibility4 ,f 
! idea ( ,god  we may d$uce 8 ability to
 create1 & t ! type ( all  creatable ?+s

 mu/ be 9 him2 b z creation is on 8 "p a
  free1 n a necess>y act1 we c1 z       
,malebran*e 0 told at !  "t1 see a      
possible1 b n an actual univ]se 9 ,god2 
h5ce1  by 8 vision 9 ,god1 he atta9$    
only to a pure idealism1 9  :i* no?+    
actually di/+ui%able f ,god 0 appreh5d$ 
or ass]t$4    ,sp9oza1 great] /ill ?an  
,malebran*e1 foll[$ also ,desc>tes  9 8 
ontological sy/em1 & took be+1 :i* he   
calls  sub/ance1 z 8 pr9ciple4          
,sub/ance1 he said1 is "o &  ultimate1 &
 no?+ is to be admitt$ n obta9able f x  
by  way ( logical d$uction4 ,sp9oza 0   
too good a logician to  suppose t ! idea
 ( creation is d$ucible f ! idea (      
,god1 = a necess>y creation is no       
creation at all1 b !  simple evolution (
 necess>y be+ or sub/ance4 ,h5ce no?+   
is or exi/s except ! "o only sub/ance & 
its modes &  attributes4 ,8 attributes  
are inf9ite1 s9ce he is inf9ite         
sub/ance2 b we "k only two1 ?\ght &     
ext5sion4 ,!  s-call$ ,g]man ontologi/s 
9 ! ma9 foll[ ,sp9oza1 & l  him admit   

only be+ or sub/ance1 or its attributes 
or modes4  ,?is sy/em makes :at are     
call$ creatures1 m5 & ?+s1  modes ( !   
,div9e ,be+1 9 :i* he manife/s 8        
attributes1  ?\ght & ext5sion2 h5ce x is
 ju/ly call$ pan!ism1  :i*1 "u "s ( its 
=ms1 no "o c escape :o admits  no?+ n   
logically d$ucible f ! idea ( sub/ance1 
be+1 or ,god2 = d$uction1 we h said1 is 
simply analysis1  & analysis c give only
 ! subject analyz$4 ,z ! analysis  ( my 
p]sonal exi/5ce or ! s\l c give only me 
& my  attributes1 modes1 & affections1 &
 !re=e ! egoism (  ,fi*te1 :i* und]lies 
e purely psy*ological sy/em1 s !        
analysis ( ! idea ( be+ c give only be+ 
& its modes  or attributes1 or ! pan!ism
 ( ,sp9oza1 :i* und]lies !  ontology (  
,desc>tes1 & e sy/em ( exclusive        
ontology4    ,no philosoph] is ev] able 
to develop 8 :ole sy/em1 &  pres5t x 9  
all its p>ts1 or =esee all its logical  
consequ5ces4 ,x is only "t t c d ?is1 & 
! vices (  a me?od or a sy/em c be      
collect$ fully only f its  hi/orical    

developm5ts4 ,! disciples ( ,desc>tes1  
:o 9  ,france />t$ ) 8 psy*ological     
pr9ciple1 end$ 9 !  pure s5sism1 or     
s5sation trans=m$1 ( ,condillac1 & ^?   
:o 9 ,g]many />t$ ) ! same pr9ciple1    
end$ 9 !  absolute egoism ( ,fi*te1 :o  
complet$ ! subjectivism (  ,kant1 &     
rea*$ ! po9t :]e egoism & pan!ism become
  id5tical4 ,^?1 aga91 :o 9 any c\ntry h
 />t$ ) !  ontological pr9ciple (       
,desc>tes & foll[$ 8 me?od1 h1  h[ev] !y
 may h attempt$ to disguise _!          
conclusions1  end$ 9 d5y+ creation &    
ass]t+ "s =m ( pan!ism4  ,! mat]ialism  
:i* prevail$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & obta9s   
to a great ext5t ev5 9 ! pres5t1 is n a 
hi/orical  developm5t ( ,c>tesianism1 s 
mu* z ( ! ,engli% s*ool  f\nd$ by       
,bacon1 & develop$ by ,hobbes & ,locke1 
&  complet$ by ! ,fr5* idealogi/s (     
,autueil1 :o 7 not$  = _! ,anglomania4  
#bde  ,c>tesianism l$ r to :at is       
improp]ly t]m$ idealism1 to  ! d5ial ( !
 mat]ial univ]se1 or its resolution into
 pure  s5sation4    ,yet x is in/ructive

 to obs]ve t ! hi/orical developm5t  ( !
 psy*ological pr9ciple repres5t$ by     
,fi*te & t (  ! ontological pr9ciple    
repres5t$ by ,sp9oza t]m9ate 9  id5tity4
 ,fi*te saw he c\ld n make ! s\l ! fir/ 
pr9ciple )\t tak+ x z ultimate & d5y+   
its  cont+5cy1 or t he c\ld n make ! s\l
 t f :i*  all t exi/s proce$s )\t assum+
 t ! s\l1 ! ego1  is ,god4 ,h5ce 8      
tw(old ego1 ! "o absolute & ! o!r       
ph5om5al or modal4 ,he ?us id5tifies !  
s\l ) ,god1 &  concludes t no?+ except  
me & my ph5om51 or attributes  & modes1 
is or exi/s3 ,i am all4 ,sp9oza1 />t+ f 
!  opposite pole1 ! ontological1 f9ds t 
he c logically  d$uce f be+ only be+2 & 
call+ be+ sub/ance1 &  sub/ance ,god1 he
 concludes ) an inv9cible logic no?+ is 
or exi/s1 except ,god & 8 modes or      
attributes4 ,! =m may  diff]1 b !       
conclusion is id5tical ) ! la/          
conclusion  ( egoism1 & x is notewor?y t
 ev5 ,fi*te1 9 ! la/  trans=mation ( 8  
doctr9e1 sub/itut$ ,god = ! s\l1 &  made
 ,god ! absolute1 & ! s\l relative &    

ph5om5al1 or a  mode ( ! ,div9e ,be+4   
,:e!r1 !n1 we />t ) ! s\l z fir/        
pr9ciple or )  ,god1 we c nev] by       
logical d$uction arrive at creation1 or 
be  able to ass]t any exi/5ce z         
di/+ui%able f ! ,div9e  ,be+4 ,nei!r c  
be tak5 exclusively z ! primum          
philosophicum1 & exclusive ontology is z
 faulty & z  fatal 9 its consequ5ces z  
exclusive psy*ology4 ,! fact is1  we c  
nei!r d\bt ! be+ ( ,god nor our own     
p]sonal  exi/5ce2 = bo? are equally     
ess5tial & inde/ructible  elem5ts (     
?\ght1 giv5 9 ! primitive intuition1    
?\gh  be+ is logically prior to exi/5ce1
 & our primum  philosophicum mu/ include
 bo?4    ,b ! s\l is giv5 9 ! intuition 
z cont+5t1 & be+  is giv5 z necess>y4 ,!
 cont+5t _c exi/ any m ?an  x c be ?\ght
 )\t ! necess>y4 ,x !n dep5ds on !      
necess>y1 & c exi/ only z creat$ &      
upheld by x4 ,!  real pr9ciple1 or      
primum philosophicum1 is !n1 z has  be5 
amply %[n 9 ! essays on ,! ,problems ( !
 ,age1  ! ideal =mula1 ,ens creat       

exi/5tias1 or ,be+ creates  exi/5ces4   
,?is pres5ts ! ontological pr9ciple & ! 
psy*ological n 9 juxtaposition m]ely1 b 
9 _! real &  true relation4 ,?is =mula  
enables u to avoid alike pan!ism1       
a!ism1 idealism1 & mat]ialism1 & to     
con=m 9 pr9ciple  our philosophy to !   
real ord] ( ?+s & ! ,ca?olic  fai?4 ,b x
 is only 9 pr9ciple1 = ,giob]ti himself 
calls  ! =mula ideal4 ,x does n1 aft]   
all1 give u any  sci5ce ( actual        
exi/5ces1 or itself furni% its own      
sci5tific explication & application4    
,apply to x ! me?od (  ,desc>tes1 & lay 
x d[n t ev]y?+ is to be d\bt$ till      
prov$1 & we are n mu* 9 advance (       
,c>tesianism4 ,we "k  ,god is1 we "k ?+s
 exi/1 & ,god has creat$ or creates  !m2
 b we d n "k by kn[+ ! =mula :at ,god   
is1 :at  ?+s d or d n exi/4 ,x gives u !
 pr9ciples ( sci5ce1  b n ! sci5ces2 !  
law :i* gov]ns ! explication (  facts1 n
 ! facts !mselves4 ,we _c d$uce1 aft] ! 
mann] ( ! geometricians1 any actual     
exi/5ce or fact f  ! =mula1 nor any ( ! 

sci5ces4  #bdf  ,!re is an empirical    
elem5t 9 all ! sci5ces1 & none (  !m c  
be con/ruct$ by logical d$uction ev5 f a
 true  ideal =mula1 & to d5y ev]y?+ n   
logically d$ucible  f x w\ld leave u 9 !
 purely ideal1 & practically v  little  
bett] (f ?an ,desc>tes himself left u4  
,! ,c>tesian  me?od bas$ on d\bt1 !n1   
:e!r we />t ) an incomplete  or a       
complete ideal =mula1 c nev] answ] !    
purpose ( !  philosoph]1 or enable u to 
con/ruct a concrete philosophy t        
includes ! :ole body ( tru? & all !     
sci5tific facts (  ! univ]se4    ,we d n
 pret5d t philosophy mu/ embrace all !  
kn[able1  omne scibile1 9 detail2 x     
suffices t x does s 9  pr9ciple4 ,no    
d\bt ! ideal =mula does ?is1 z 9 fact   
always has done ! philosophy t has      
obta9$ 9 ! ,ca?olic  s*ools4 ,b ?\gh !  
ideas express$ 9 ! ideal =mula are      
intuitive1 ! con/itution ( ! m9d1 &     
basis ( all  intellig5ce1 & are really  
ass]t$ 9 e ?\ght1 we v  mu* d\bt if !y  
c\ld ev] h be5 r$uc$ to ! =mula  giv5 by

 ,giob]ti if m5 _h nev] receiv$ a div9e 
revelation  f ,god1 or if !y _h be5 left
 )\t any positive  in/ruction f _!      
,creator4 ,we are z f> z any "o c be  f 
build+ sci5ce on fai?2 b we s f> agree )
 !  traditionali/s z to hold t          
revelation is necess>y to !  full       
developm5t ( reason & its p]fect ma/]y (
 itself4 ,"o  great objection to !      
,c>tesian d\bt or me?od is1 t x  deta*es
 philosophy f !ology1 & assumes t x c be
  erect$ into an indep5d5t sci5ce       
suffici5t = itself )\t  any aid f       
sup]natural revelation1 & free f all    
allegiance to x4 ,?is _h nev] be5 done  
nor attempt$ by any  ,*ri/ian s*ool or  
ev5 non-,*ri/ian s*ool prior to         
,desc>tes1  unless ! pret5sion (        
,pomponatius & "s o!rs1 t ?+s  may be   
!ologically true yet philosophically    
false1 & :o 7  promptly condemn$ by ,leo
 ,x41 be und]/ood z an attempt 9 t      
direction4 ,! great fa!rs ( ! *ur* & !  
m$iaeval  doctors always recogniz$ !    
syn!sis ( reason & revelation2  &1 :ile 

!y gave to ea* its "p1 !y seem nev] to h
  dream$ ( sep>at+ !m1 & ( cultivat+    
ei!r z  indep5d5t ( ! o!r2 yet !y h giv5
 u a philosophy  :i*1 if n free f all   
defects1 is sup]ior1 "u ! po9t  ( view (
 reason alone1 to any?+ t has else:]e   
ev] be5  giv5 "u t "n4 ,he :o w\ld      
con/ruct a philosophy t  c /& ! te/ ev5 
( reason mu/ borr[ l>gely f ,/4         
,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,gregory !
 ,great1 ,/4 ,?omas1 ,/4  ,buonav5tura1 
& ! lat] s*ola/ics4    ,x is also an    
objection to ! ,c>tesian d\bt t x is n  
only a complete rupture ) reveal$       
!ology1 b also )  tradition1 & is an    
attempt to break ! cont9uity ( ! life  (
 ! race1 & to sev] ! future ( humanity f
 its pa/4  ,we are among ^? :o reg>d !  
ca?olic beliefs & traditions  ( mank9d z
 integral elem5ts 9 ! life ( ! race     
itself1  & indisp5sable to its cont9u\s 
progress4 ,! future always  has its g]m 
9 ! pa/1 & a beg9n+ de novo = !         
individual z = society is alike         
impossible & undesirable4  ,! ,c>tesian 

d\bt ov]looks ?is1 & requires !         
individual  to disg>ni% 8 m9d ( e relic 
& memorial ( ! pa/1  ( ev]y?+ furni%$ by
 8 p>5ts & tea*]s1 or !  wisdom ( ages1 
& aft] hav+ become absolutely nak$ &    
empty1 & made himself z ignorant &      
impot5t z ! new-born  babe1 to receive  
no?+ till he1 )\t exp]i5ce1 )\t         
in/ruction1 has by 8 own unaid$ p[]s    
te/$ its tru?4  #bdg  ,z reasonable w\ld
 x be = ! new-born infant to refuse !   
milk f its "m's brea/1 till x _h by !   
ex]cise ( its  faculties settl$ ! "q (  
its :olesom5ess4    ,we object1 f9ally1 
t x t5ds to de/roy all respect =        
au?ority1 all rev]5ce = tradition1 all  
reg>d = !  le>n+ & sci5ce ( o!r ages &  
o!r m51 & to puff up  ! individual ) an 
ov]we5+ self-conceit1 & s5se ( 8  own   
suffici5cy = himself4 ,x r5d]s all      
education &  in/ruction useless & an    
imp]t95ce4 ,x t5ds to cru% !  social    
elem5t ( our nature1 & to create a pure 
individualism1  no less repugnant to    
gov]nm5t & society ?an to religion &  ! 

div9e ord]1 accord+ to :i* all m5 are   
made mutually  dep5d5t1 "o on ano!r4    
,d\btless1 ,desc>tes only develop$  &   
gave expression to t5d5cies :i* 7 9 8 "t
  beg9n+ to be active & /rong2 b !      
exp]i5ce ( !  civiliz$ _w only          
hi/orically v]ifies _! de/ructive1      
anti-philosophical1 anti-religi\s1 &    
anti-social "*4  ,yet 8 me?od is /ill1 9
 sub/ance if n 9 =m1 v  ext5sively      
accept$ & foll[$1 z ! example ( ,!      
,*ur*man itself proves4    ,we d n by   
any means believe t ,desc>tes _h any    
suspicion  ( ! real "* ( 8 philosophic  
ent]prise4 ,we are f>  f agree+ )       
,giob]ti t he 0 a disguis$ ,prote/ant   
design$ly labor+ to complete ! "w       
und]tak5 by ,lu!r4 ,we  d\bt n t he     
really accept$ ! *ur*1 z he always      
pr(ess$ to d1 ?\gh mo/ likely he 0 f>   
en\gh f be+  a f]v5t ,ca?olic2 b he 0   
br$ a soldi]1 n a philosoph]  or a      
!ologian2 & ?\gh he may h be51 & we     
believe he  0 = 8 "t1 a great           
ma!matician & a respectable  physici/1  

he 0 always a poor !ologian1 & a /ill   
poor]  metaphysician4 ,8 natural ability
 0 no d\bt wor?y (  admiration1 b he _h 
no g5ius = metaphysics1 & 8  ignorance (
 ! pr(\nd] philosophy ( antiquity & ( ! 
m$iaeval doctors 0 almo/ m>vell\s4 ,he  
ow$ 9 8 own day  8 popul>ity to ! fact t
 he disc\rs$ on philosophy 9  ! language
 ( ! _w1 free f ! /iff =mulas1 !  b>b>\s
 locutions1 & ! dry te*nicalities ( !   
s*ools4  ,he ow$ mu* to ! m]its ( 8     
/yle1 b /ill m to !  fact t he wrote 9 !
 v]nacul> in/ead ( ! ,lat9 tongue1  !n  
unusual ) writ]s ( philosophical        
treatises1 &  non-pr(essional m5 &      
c\rt-br$ ladies c\ld read him &  fancy  
!y und]/ood philosophy4 ,8 works 7      
philosophy-made-easy1 & he soon became !
 vogue 9 ,france1  & ,france gives !    
fa%ion to ! _w4 ,b x w\ld be  difficult 
to "n a writ] :o has ex]t$ 9 almo/ e    
direction an equally disa/r\s influ5ce  
on mod]n ?\ght &  civilization2 n t 8   
int5tions 7 bad1 b t 8  ignorance &     
presumption 7 great4    ,! ,c>tesian    

me?od has no d\bt favor$ t lawless &    
indep5d5t _s :i* we see ?r\gh\t mod]n   
society1 &  :i* is manife/$ 9 ^? ,jacob9
 revolutions :i* h  /ruck alike at      
ecclesia/ical & political au?ority1 & at
  times ?reat5$ ! civiliz$ _w ) a new   
b>b>ian  invasion2 b ! evil result+ f t 
me?od :i* is n[  ! mo/ to be deplor$ is 
! arrogant & indep5d5t tone  assum$ by  
mod]n sci5ce1 & its insol5ce t[>d !     
sacr$  dogmas ( fai?4 ,desc>tes deta*$  
philosophy1 & ) x all  ! sci5ces1 f     
fai?1 & decl>$ !m indep5d5t (           
revelation4  #bdh  ,x is especially =   
?is t ,c\s9 praises him4 ,b mod]n       
s-call$ sci5ce is n cont5t$ ev5 )       
indep5d5ce2 x  aspires to dom9ate &     
subject fai? to itself1 or to set up its
  own conclusions z ! infallible te/ (  
tru?4 ,x makes c]ta9  inductions f a v  
p>tial survey ( facts1 concocts c]ta9   
geological1 physiological1 e?nological1 
& philological  !ories at w> ) ! dogmas 
( fai?1 & says ) sublime  insol5ce t    
!re=e fai? mu/ give way1 = sci5ce has   

demon/rat$ its falsity6 ,if ! *ur*      
condemns its unsupport$  conclusions1   
!re is =?) a deaf5+ clamor rais$ t  !   
*ur* is ho/ile to sci5ce1 & d5ies !     
fre$om (  ?\ght & ! inali5able rights ( 
! m9d6 ,!  ,*ur*man sees ?is1 & has     
writt5 ! v article f  :i* we h made our 
extract to %[ its inju/ice2 b )  :at    
success c x hope to d x1 aft] beg9n+ by 
approv+  ! ,c>tesian me?od & conc$+     
mod]n sci5ce1 9 pr9ciple1  all x asks8  
,we h said & %[n ov] & ov] aga9 t ! *ur*
 does  n condemn sci5ce4 ,facts1 no     
matt] ( :at ord]1 if facts1  nev] d &   
nev] c come 9 collision ) h] tea*+1 nor 
c _! real sci5tific explanations ev]    
conflict )  revelation or h] dogmas4 ,! 
*ur* int]f]es n ) !  speculations or !  
!ories ( ! s-call$ savans1  h[ev] crude1
 extravagant1 or absurd !y may be1      
unless !y  put =? conclusions "u ! "n ( 
sci5ce :i* militate  aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian   
fai?4 ,if !y d t1 %e condemns _!        
conclusions s f> z repugnant to t fai?4 
,?is sup]vision  ( ! labors ( savans %e 

claims & ex]cises = !  protection ( h]  
*ildr51 & x is z mu* 9 ! int]e/ (       
sci5ce z ( fai? t %e %\ld d s4 ,if we 7 
to believe  :at m5 c\nt$ em95t 9 sci5ce 
tell u1 !re is n a  s+le ,*ri/ian dogma 
:i* sci5ce has n explod$2 yet1  ?\gh    
mod]n inve/igations & discov]ies may h  
explod$  sev]al sci5tific !ories once   
taught 9 ! s*ools &  accept$ by         
,ca?olics1 we speak advis$ly :5 we say  
sci5ce has  n explod$ a s+le dogma ( !  
*ur*1 or a s+le  proposition ( fai? %e  
has ev] taught4 ,no d\bt1 _m  pret5d$ly 
sci5tific conclusions h be5 drawn & are 
drawn  daily t impugn ! fai?2 b sci5ce  
has n yet confirm$  "o ( !m1 & we want  
no bett] pro( t x nev] w  confirm !m ?an
 ! b>e fact t !y contradict ! fai?  !   
*ur* believes & tea*es4 ,!y c all be    
sci5tifically  refut$1 & probably "o day
 w be1 b n by ! p at  l>ge1 ! simple &  
unlett]$2 & !re=e x is necess>y  t !    
*ur* f "t to "t %\ld ex]t h] au?ority to
  condemn !m1 & put ! fai?ful on _! gu>d
 aga9/ !m4  ,?is is no assumption to !  

injury ( sci5ce1 = 9 condemn+  !m %e    
seeks only to save ! reveal$ tru? :i* !y
 impugn4  ,x is necess>y1 also1 t m5    
%\ld und]/& t 9 sci5ce  z well z 9 fai? 
!y are n indep5d5t ( ,god1 & are  b\nd  
by 8 ^w :]ev] or :atev] x speaks4       
,desc>tes  taught ! _w to d5y ?is & ev5 
,god himself till  sci5tifically prov$1 
& h5ce ! pa9s we h tak5 to  refute 8    
me?od1 to %[ its unsci5tific "*1 & to   
indicate "s ( ! fatal consequ5ces (     
adopt+ x4    ,we "k v well t ,bossuet & 
,fdnlon are frequ5tly  class$ ) !       
disciples ( ,desc>tes1 b ^! m5 7  le>n$ 
m5 & great !ologians1 & !y foll[$       
,desc>tes  only :]e he co9cid$ ) ! g5]al
 curr5t ( ,ca?olic  philosophy4  #bdi   
,ei!r 0 a f> pr(\nd] philosoph] ?an     
,desc>tes ev] c\ld  h be51 & nei!r      
adopt$ 8 me?od4 ,! same may be said  (  
o!r em95t m51 sometimes call$           
,c>tesians4 ,! ,fr5*  place a c]ta9     
national pride 9 uphold+ ,desc>tes1 &   
p>don  mu* to ! sophi/ 9 consid]ation ( 
! ,fr5*man2 b ?is  consid]ation _c weigh

 ) u any m ?an x did ) !  ,italian      
,jesuit1 ! em95t ,fa!r ,tapp>elli1 we   
believe1 :o a  few ye>s s9ce1 9 "s      
rem>kable pap]s 9 ,la ,civilt           
,cattolica1 gave a mo/ ma/]ly refutation
 ( ,desc>tes's  psy*ological me?od4     
,tru? is ( no nation1 & a national      
philosophy is no m comm5dable ?an a     
national !ology1 or a  national *ur*4 ,x
 is no d\bt to ! cr$it ( a nation to h  
produc$ a really great philosoph]1 b x  
adds no?+ to its  glory to attempt to   
make pass = a great philosoph] a man :o 
0 9 reality only a %all[ sophi/4 ,x 0 "o
 ( !  objectionable features 9 ! late   
,m4 ,c\s9 t he s\ght to  avail himself (
 ! national prejudices ( 8 c\ntrym51 &  
to make 8 sy/em pass = ,fr5* or !       
product ( ,fr5*  g5ius4 ,! ,engli% are 9
 ?is respect n less national ?an  !     
,fr5*1 & ,bacon owes 8 pr9cipal cr$it ) 
!m to !  fact t he 0 a true ,engli%man4 
,all real philosophy1 l all  tru?1 is   
ca?olic1 n national4    ,9 reg>d to !   
scepticism ,! ,*ur*man deems s  ess5tial

 9 ! inve/igation ( tru?1 we h already  
rem>k$  t a sceptical disposition is !  
wor/ possible prep>ation  = t           
inve/igation4 ,he :o w\ld f9d tru? mu/  
op5 8  he>t to x1 z ! sunfl[] op5s h]   
bosom to ! sun1 &  turns h] face t[>d x 
9 :atev] qu>t] ( ! heav5s x  may be4 ,^?
 :o1 l ,! ,*ur*man1 "k n ! tru?  9 its  
unity & ca?olicity1 & sub/itute op9ion =
 fai?1  w d well s f> to d\bt _! op9ions
 z to be able  ?or\ghly to inve/igate   
!m1 & asc]ta9 if !y h any  solid        
f\ndation4 ,!re are reasons en\gh :y !y 
%\ld  di/ru/ _! own op9ions1 & see if ! 
tru? is n really  :]e ! great majority (
 ! civiliz$ _w = ages has told  !m x is 
to be f\nd4 ,!y ought to d\bt1 = !y h   
reason  to d\bt1 n ( e ?+1 n ( ,god1 n (
 tru?1 b (  _! own op9ions1 :i* !y "k   
are n sci5ce nor fai?1  & !re=e may be  
false4 ,sci5tific m5 %\ld d\bt n        
sci5ce1 nor ! possibility ( sci5ce1 b _!
 !ories1  hypo!ses1 & conjectures till  
!y h prov$ !m2 & ?is  all ! same :e!r _!
 !ories1 hypo!ses1 & conjectures  are   

tak5 f ! s*ools or are ( _! own         
concoction4 ,b  ?is is some?+ v diff]5t 
f pres5t+ to ! _w or  to "o's self ! be+
 ( ,god1 ! creation1 ! immortality (  ! 
s\l1 & ! my/]ies ( fai? z op9ions or z  
!ories  to be d\bt$ till prov5 aft] !   
mann] ( geometricians4  ,^! are great   
tru?s :i* _c be reasonably d\bt$2 &1  if
 we f9d p d\bt+ !m1 we mu/1 9 ! be/ way 
we c1  conv9ce !m t _! d\bts are        
unreasonable4 ,! believ]  ne$ n d\bt or 
d5y !m 9 ord] to inve/igate ! gr\nds  ( 
8 fai?1 & to be able to give a reason = 
! hope t  is 9 him4 ,we advance 9 ! k ( 
tru? by means ( !  tru? we h2 & !       
believ] is mu* bett] fitt$ = !          
inve/igation ( tru? ?an ! unbeliev]1 =  
he kn[s mu*  bett] ! po9ts t ne$ to be  
prov$1 & has 8 m9d &  he>t 9 a m normal 
condition1 m 9 h>mony ) ! real  ord] (  
?+s1 & is m able to see & recognize     
tru?4  #bej  ,b ?is inve/igation is n   
necess>y to ju/ify fai? 9 !  believ]4 ,x
 is necess>y only t ! believ] may !     
bett]  compreh5d fai? 9 its relations ) 

! g5]al sy/em (  ?+s1 ( :i* he =ms a "p1
 & ! m readily meet !  objections1      
d\bts1 & difficulties ( unbeliev]s4 ,b  
all  _c ent] into ?is inve/igation1 &   
ma/] ! :ole field  ( !ology1 philosophy1
 & ! sci5ces1 & ^? :o h n  ! leisure1 ! 
opportunity1 & ability to d x1 ought n  
to  attempt x4 ,! wor/ possible s]vice  
we c r5d] mank9d is  to tea* !m t _!    
fai? is unreasonable1 or t !y  %\ld hold
 !mselves 9 susp5se till !y h done x1   
ea*  = himself4 ,!y :o c make !         
inve/igation = !mselves  are            
comp>atively few2 & %all no man v5ture  
to believe 9 ,god  & immortality till he
 has made x8 ,:at1 !n1 w\ld become (  ! 
great body ( ! p1 ! poor] & m num]\s    
classes1 :o mu/ be almo/ :olly occupi$ )
 procur+ !  means ( subsi/5ce8 ,if !    
t5d] m]cies ( ,god 7 no  great] ?an ^? (
 ! ,c>tesian philosoph]s & our          
,episcopalian ,*ur*man1 ! poor1 !       
unlett]$1 !  simple1 ! feeble (         
intellect w\ld be oblig$ to live )\t    
any rule ( duty1 )\t ,god 9 ! _w1 or    

hope 9 ! _w  to come4 ,= !m ! guidance &
 consolations ( religion w\ld  alike be 
want+4    ,we may see "h :y ! *ur*      
visits ) h] c5sures :atev]  t5ds to     
unsettle or di/urb ! fai? ( ! p1 = :i*  
an unbeliev+ & unreason+ _w *>ges h] )  
d5y+  reason1 & be+ ho/ile to fre$om (  
?\ght & sci5tific  inve/igation4 ,we d n
 hope to conv9ce ! _w t x is  unju/4 ,! 
*ur* is will+ t e man :o c & w  ?9k =   
himself %\ld d s2 b ! difficulty is1 t  
only  "h & !re "o1 ev5 at be/1 does or c
 s ?9k4 ,x is n  t %e is unwill+ t m5   
%\ld reason1 if !y w really  reason1 on 
! gr\nds ( fai?1 b t mo/ p]sons :o      
attempt to d s only reason a little way1
 j f> en\gh to  raise d\bts 9 _! m9ds1  
d\bts :i* a little m k  w\ld solve1 & !n
 /op1 & refuse or are unable to reason  
any f>!r4 ,x is ! half-reason1 !        
half-le>n+1 !  half-sci5ce t does !     
mis*ief2 z ,pope s+s3      ,a little    
le>n+ is a dang]\s ?+3     ,dr9k deep1  
or ta/e n ! ,pi]ian spr+2     ,!re %all[
 draughts intoxicate ! bra91     ,b     

dr9k+ l>gely sob]s u aga94    ,_m may   
take %all[ draughts1 b v few c dr9k     
deep1  & ^? %all[ draughts1 :i* are all 
t except ! v  few c take1 are m hurtful 
to bo? intellectual & moral  heal? ?an  
none at all4 ,! *ur* c]ta9ly does n     
enc\rage  ^? to reason on sacr$ subjects
 :o c or w reason only  f> en\gh to     
d\bt1 & to puff !mselves up ) pride &   
conceit ,%e1 h[ev]1 tea*es all ! fai?1 &
 gives to e  "o :o w li/5 to h] voice z 
solid reasons = x z !  wise/ & mo/ le>n$
 & sci5tific h or c h4 ,9 ?is1  h[ev] ! 
_w may blame or vitup]ate h]1 %e only   
pursues  ! c\rse :i* exp]i5ce & common  
s5se approve &  pron\nce wise & j4    ,!
 attempt to educate ! mass ( ! p up to !
 po9t (  mak+ ea* individual able to    
und]/& & solve all !  difficulties 9 !  
way ( fai? has nev] succe$$1 & c  nev]  
succe$4  #bea  ,! mass ( ! p ne$ &      
always w h tea*]s ( "s  sort :om !y d & 
mu/ tru/4 ,we see x 9 politics4 ,9 !    
mo/ democratic /ate ! mass ( ! p foll[ l
 %eep a  few lead]s1 wise & prud5t m5   

sometimes1 p]haps (t5]  ignorant b cunn+
 & unscrupul\s demagogues4 ,all may be  
made  to und]/& t 9 matt]s ( fai? !     
tea*]s are  commission$ by ! *ur*1 & t !
 *ur* is commission$  by ,god himself1  
:o tea*es 9 & ?r\gh h]1 & no "o has or  
c h any bett] reason = believ+ any?+1 = 
none  bett] is conceivable4 ,x is !     
assumption t ! p are  to judge =        
!mselves )\t in/ructors or in/ruction t 
causes s mu* unbelief 9 ! mod]n _w2 b z 
!y h  be5 v ext5sively told t x is _! "r
 to d s1 &  made to believe x1 ! *ur*1 (
 c\rse1 mu/ meet _!  factiti\s wants !  
be/ way %e c1 & educate !m up to !      
highe/ po9t possible1 & give !m all !   
in/ruction1 n  only 9 ! fai?1 b on its  
gr\nds & reasons1 !y are or  c be made  
capable ( receiv+4 ,%e mu/ d ?is1 n     
because  ! p believe or are already     
enlight5$1 b because !y  h le>n$ only j 
en\gh to d\bt & rebel4    --------      
,abridg$ f ! ,g]man4            ,!      
,compos]'s ,difficulty4      ,! good old
 cu/om 9 ,london1 9 #agda1 0 = ! memb]s 

(  ! ---- ,club to assemble 9 ! p>lor ( 
a not$ tav]n 9  ,fleet /reet1 kept by   
,ma/] ,f>r51 :o _h a %>p-tongu$ wife  & 
a "y & lovely daught]4 ,?is "y girl _h  
be5 sett+  ! l>ge room 9 ord]1 & putt+  
fre% fl[]s 9 ! vase1  9 prep>ation = !  
expect$ gue/s1 :5 ! door op5$  s(tly1 & 
a "y man came 94 ,ell5 did n look up    
till he  0 close to h]1 !n %e />t$ &    
blu%$ crimson1 :ile he  took h] h& &    
kiss$ x ) ! air ( a cavali]4    ,i did n
 "k x 0 y1 ,joseph1 falt]$ ! maid54     
,i c /ay b a mom5t1 said ! "y /ud5t (   
music1 =  !y w all be "h pres5tly4 ,i   
came to tell y to come to  ! g>d5 )\t   
fail ?is ev5+2 ,i want to give y a fir/ 
lesson1 9 a new "p4    ,ell5's face     
bright5$4 ,j !n a %rill voice call$ h]  
"n1 & %e knew h] "m w\ld be angry if %e 
saw h] )  ! ,g]man1 ,joseph ,wa*4    ,i 
w come6 %e answ]$ quickly4 ,n[ ,i mu/   
leave y4 ,&  %e ran out at a repetition 
( ! %rewi% call4 ,joseph did n  attempt 
to deta9 h]2 ?\gh ! two lov$ ea* o!r    
well he  knew t ,dame ,f>r5 reg>d$ him )

 good w no long]1 n[  t ,ma/] ,h&el1 8  
tea*] & patron1 no long] /ood high  9 ! 
k+'s favor1 & w5t no m to ,c>lton ,h\se4
 ,!  fa!r1 old ,john ,f>r51 0 /ill !    
fri5d ( ! "y man4    #beb    ,an h\r    
lat]1 & ! r\nd table1 on :i* /ood mugs (
 port]  & glasses1 0 surr\nd$ by m51    
memb]s ( ! musical club1  conv]s+ on a  
subject deeply int]e/+ to !m all4 ,"o ( 
!m--a v tall man1 ) l>ge1 fla%+ eyes & a
 noble &  expressive c\nt5ance--0       
address$ z ,ma/] ,h&el2  ano!r1 simple 9
 8 dress & pla9 9 8 ext]ior1 ) a  _w (  
%rewdness & wagg]y 9 8 laugh+ eyes1 0   
,william  ,hog>?1 ! pa9t]4    ,!y 7     
talk+ ab\t ! compos]'s great "w1 ,!     
,messiah1 :i* ,h&el _h n z yet be5 able 
to get  prop]ly repres5t$4 ,hog>? 0 urg+
 an application to !  ,duke ( ,b$=d4    
,h&el1 disgu/$ at 8 want ( success      
hi!rto1 0 reluctant to sue = ! favor (  
any patron to  h 8 be/ "w br\ght be=e ! 
public4    ,if 8 grace only compreh5d$ a
 note ( x6 he exclaim$  petulantly2 b he
 kn[s no m ( music ?an t l\t ( a        

l95-weav] 9 ,york%ire4    ,:om y        
correct$ ) y\r fi/1 :5 he blund]$ ) y\r 
,saul6 cri$ ! pa9t]4 ,y %\ld h le>n$    
bett]  policy1 my good ma/]1 f y\r      
eight-&-tw5ty ye>s 9  ,engl&6 ,a /upid1 
great nobleman c d no h>m to a "w (     
art6 ,if ,i dealt only ) ^? :o und]/ood 
my "w1 my wife  & *ildr5 might />ve4    
,h&el 0 lean+ on ! table1 8 face buri$ 9
 8 h&s4  ,8 ?\ghts 7 w&]+ t[>d ,g]many4 
,:5 he spoke1 x 0  to express 8 bitt]   
regret t he _h left 8 fa!rl& j  z new   
life 9 art began to be /irr+4 ,:ile !   
,g]mans  a*iev$ greatness 9 music1 he _h
 be5 torm5t+ himself 9  va9 ) dolts (   
s+]s & musicians 9 ,engl&1 ^: h>d  heads
 c\ld n take 9 a notion ( music6 ,i w   
return to  ,g]many6 he conclud$4 ,bett] 
a c[h]d !re ?an "h  director ( !        
,haym>ket ,!atre1 or *apelma/] to 8     
maje/y1 :o1 ) 8 c\rt rabble1 takes su*  
delight 9 !  w>bl+s ( t foppi%          
,italian--,f>9elli4    ,"s o!r memb]s   
came 9 to jo9 !m1 among !m ! "y  ,g]man1
 ,joseph ,wa*4 ,h&el nodd$ k9dly to him1

 & ask$ h[  he 0 gett+ on ) 8 "p4    ,i 
am v indu/ri\s1 ,ma/] ,h&el1 & w d my   
be/1  repli$ ,joseph4 ,y %all he> me    
soon4    ,! conv]sation ab\t ! new "w 0 
resum$4 ,! ,abb ,dubos  describ$ h[ !   
*orus1 ,! glory ( ! ,"l %all be         
reveal$1 _h s\nd$ all night 9 8 e>s4    
,y\r glory1 ,ma/]  ,h&el1 w be reveal$  
?r\gh y\r ,messiah :5 once  y c get x   
br\ght out4 ,i und]/& ! "l ar*bi%op is  
aga9/ x6    ,! flu% ( ang] ru%$ to      
,h&el's br[4 ,! "l  ar*bi%op6 he repeat$
 scornfully4 ,he (f]$ to compose me a   
text = ! ,messiah1 & :5 ,i ask$ if he   
?\ght ,i  knew no?+ ( ! ,bible1 or if he
 expect$ to improve ! ,holy             
,scriptures1 he turn$ 8 back on me1 &   
repres5t$ me to !  c\rt z a rude1       
?ankless boor4    ,ma/] ,ty]s1 ! lessee 
( ,vauxhall1 rem>k$ t x 0 n  politic to 
speak "o's m9d too op5ly1 especially ) !
  great4 ,dr4 ,hualdy tri$ to soo! !    
irritat$ compos] by  speak+ ( !         
admiration he _h already won1 aft] a    
long  /ruggle ) ignorance & intrigue4   

#bec    ,:at c>e ,i1 int]rupt$ ,h&el1 = 
! admiration ( fools  & knaves6    ,!re 
7 _m to give ! s(t answ] :i* turne? away
  wra?1 & to deprecate too sev]e a      
judgm5t ( ! ,engli%  p because !y _h    
accompli%$ little 9 ! glori\s art  &    
fail$ at once to recognize ! be/4       
,admitt+1 add$ !  abb1 t ! c\rt & nobles
 h done y inju/ice2 t we  h no su*      
musicians & s+]s z 9 ,g]many2 t we _c   
grasp all ! gr& _s ( y\r works1 are y n1
  nev]!less1 idoliz$ by ! p ( ,brita98  
,lives n !  "n ( ,h&el 9 ! m\? ( hone/  
,john ,bull1 *]i%$ z !  names ( 8 pr\de/
 /atesm56 ,give him1 !n1 a little       
indulg5ce6 ,let u h a *ance to he> y\r  
,messiah2  condesc5d to ask ! aid y ne$ 
9 br++ x out2 y\r honor  w n suff]1 & ! 
good y w d w be y\r rew>d6    ,t is j   
:at ,i h told him6 exclaim$ ,hog>?4 ,& !
  o!rs *im$ 9 _! eag] ass5t4 ,ev5 !     
burly ho/ coax$  him1 &1 by way (       
argum5t1 said3 ,y "k1 ,ma/] ,h&el1 h[   
(t5 ,i h to b5d to my good woman2 yet x 
is no detrim5t to  my au?ority z ma/] ( 

! h\se4    ,h&el sat sil5t = a "t1 look+
 gloomily ar\nd ! circle4  ,!n sudd5ly  
he bur/ into a laugh4 ,by my halidome1  
old  fell[1 he cri$1 y are "r6 ,to-morr[
 ,i w g to  ! ,duke ( ,b$=d4 ,y %all he>
 ! ,messiah1  7 all ! rascals 9 ! ?ree  
k+doms aga9/ x6    ,!re 0 a bur/ (      
delight$ applause f all ! company4 ,!   
fat l&lord gave a leap ( joy1 & ,joseph 
clasp$ 8 h&s2  = he knew ,h&el's success
 w\ld be ! mak+ ( 8 own &  ,ell5's      
=tune4    ,h&el wait$ on ! ,duke (      
,b$=d1 :o happ5$ to be giv+ a  gr&      
breakfa/4 ,! duke priz$ ! reputation ( a
 patron (  ! arts1 & knew well t ,h&el's
 abs5ce f c\rt & !  circles ( ! nobility
 0 ow+ m to 8 disreg>d ( !  =ms &       
c]emonies held indisp5sable ?an to any  
want (  e/eem = ! compos]4 ,8 oratorio (
 ,saul _h won him  pr\d di/9ction4 ,:5  
in=m$ t ,h&el _h call$ on him1  ! duke  
himself came out to welcome him & lead  
him into !  draw+-rooms4 ,b ! compos]   
drew back1 say+ he _h come to  solicit a
 favor4 ,! duke !n took him into 8      

cab9et1 &  li/5$ graci\sly to 8 petition
 t he w\ld be pleas$ to  set "r ! heads 
( ! ,"l ,mayor & ! ,ar*bi%op (  ,london1
 s t !y %\ld cease lay+ h9drances 9 !   
way (  ! repres5tation ( ! ,messiah4    
,! duke n only li/5$1 b promis$ to use  
all 8 means &  influ5ce to remove !     
ob/acles4 ,h&el knew he c\ld dep5d on  !
 promise4 ,he accept$ ! invitation to   
jo9 ! company )  joy1 :5 he he>d t 8    
celebrat$ c\ntryman1 ,kell]mann1  0 !re 
& engag$ 9 ! duke's s]vice4    ,8 grace 
l$ 9 & introduc$ 8 di/+ui%$ gue/4 ,!    
sight ( ! great compos] produc$ a       
s5sation4 ,h&el c>$  no?+ = ! noble     
company1 b greet$ 8 old fri5d           
,kell]mann ) all ! w>m? ( 8 nature4 ,!y 
_h a cordial  talk toge!r1 :ile ! idol (
 ! ,london fa%ionables1 ,signor         
,f>9elli1 hemm$ & cle>$ 8 ?roat ov] !   
piano1 9 tok5  t he 0 ab\t to s+1 &     
want$ ,kell]mann to accompany  him4     
#bed  ,! musician at l5g? notic$ 8      
uneas9ess1 press$ 8  fri5d's h&1 return$
 to 8 place1 & took up 8 flute1  :ile   

,f>9elli began a melt+ air 9 8 sweet1   
cle> voice4    ,h&el1 a p[]ful man1     
au/]e & vigor\s 9 nature1 abhorr$  ! s++
 ( su* effem9ate creatures1 & despis$ ! 
luxuri\s ornam5tation ( ! ,italian's    
/yle4 ,f>9elli's s(t  trill+ 0          
accompani$ by ,kell]mann on ! flute )   
dext]\s imitation4 ,h&el laugh$ inw>dly 
to see ! effect on  ! company4 ,! ladies
 7 9 raptures2 &1 :5 ,f>9elli  ceas$1 ! 
mo/ eag] applause rew>d$ him4    ,! duke
 introduc$ ! ,italian to ,h&el4 ,f>9elli
 complim5t$  him 9 brok5 ,engli%1 said  
he _h he>d t ,signor ,a,endel _h        
compos$ una op]a--il ,messia1 & begg$ to
 "k1 ) a  complac5t smile1 if !re w\ld  
be a "p 9 ! op]a = il  fam\s musico     
,f>9elli8    ,h&el survey$ ! ornam5t$   
little figure f head to foot1  & answ]$ 
9 8 deepe/ bass tone1 ,no1 signora4     
,!re 0 suppress$ laught]1 & ! ladies    
cov]$ _!  faces4 ,n long aft]w>d ,h&el  
took 8 leave1 ) 8 fri5d  ,hog>?1 :o 0 a 
gue/4      ----    ,! ,messiah 0 ann\nc$
 = repres5tation4 ,b an  unexpect$      

difficulty pres5t$ itself4 ,! lady :o _h
 be5  engag$ to s+ ! fir/ soprano "p s5t
 ^w t %e 0 ill  & c\ld n s+2 & !        
oratorio _h to be po/pon$4    ,h&el knew
 x 0 m]e caprice on ! "p ( ! spoil$     
prima-donna1 & 0 excessively indignant4 
,:5 he he>d f  ! lead] ( ! or*e/ra t a  
second po/ponem5t might be  necess>y1 he
 r\ndly decl>$ x %\ld n be4 ,x %all     
take place6 he exclaim$1 & set (f to    
call ^u ! signora  himself4    ,signora 
,lucia1 ! ,italian vocali/1 t morn+ held
 a  leve ( h] admir]s4 ,_! conv]sation1 
z %e recl9$  on a c\* 9 a graceful      
d%abill1 0 ( il b>b>o  ,t$esco1 8       
unreasonable expectations1 & ! pleasure 
!  beautiful s+] took 9 disappo9t+ him4 
,he d>$ to ord] me  ab\t at rehe>sal6 %e
 cri$4 ,= t1 he %all n h 8  tr\blesome  
oratorio p]=m$ at all6 ,! g5tlem5       
applaud$  h] _s4 ,!n x 0 relat$ h[ !    
fair s+] ,cuzzoni _h  refus$ to s+ "s   
music 9 ,h&el's op]a1 & he _h gone to   
h] room1 seiz$ h]1 &1 ru%+ to ! op5     
w9d[1 _h held  h] out at arms' l5g?1    

?reat5+ to drop h] unless %e  promis$ to
 su/a9 h] "p4    ,he %all f9d me h>d] to
 deal )1 said ! beauty  languidly4 ,j !n
 ! "n ( ! great compos] 0  ann\nc$1 &   
,h&el's heavy /ep 0 he>d 9 ! hall4 ,!   
g5tlem5 visitors huddl$ !mselves (f 9   
su* confusion1 !y  c\ld only retreat    
beh9d ! c\*1 draw+ ! damask curta9  ov] 
! recess s z to conceal !m4    ,lucia 0 
uneasy1 b ma9ta9$ h] composure4 ,h&el1  
h[ev]1  _h n come1 z %e expect$1 to     
entreat h] to s+4 ,he /ood  ne> ! door1 
&1 v\*saf+ no salutation1 haughtily     
dem&$  h] "p4    ,! s+] made no answ]1 &
 ,h&el /rode =w>d4 ,lucia  sprang up1   
seiz$ ! bell1 & rang x viol5tly1 b n "o 
(  h] admir]s answ]$ ! call4 ,h&el      
advanc$1 & coolly  lift$ ! curta9 beh9d 
! s(a1 reveal+ ! gr\p (  t]rifi$        
,italians4 ,he laugh$ scornfully1 & aga9
 dem&$ h]  "p ( ! signora4    #bee    ,9
 unutt]able passion1 %e snat*$ up a roll
 ( music f !  table & flung x at !      
compos]4 ,he pick$ x up1 b[$            
ironically1 & walk$ out ( ! room4 ,!    

ang] ( ,lucia )  h] c[>dly fri5ds :o _h 
n int]f]$ to av5ge ?is  insult1 & _!    
confusion1 may be imag9$4    ,h&el _h   
puni%$ ! caprici\s s+]1 b he c\ld f9d no
  "o to take h] place4 ,8 fri5ds        
sympa?iz$ 9 8 di/ress1  b c\ld (f] no   
aid nor consolation4 ,hog>? ?\ght he    
und]rat$ ! ,italians1 & 0 too conceit$4 
,y rememb]1  he said1 :5 ,correggio's   
,l$a 0 sold 9 ,london at auction =  t5  
?\s& gu9eas1 ,i said1 ',i w pa9t some?+ 
z good =  su* a sum4' ,"l ,grosv5or took
 me at my ^w1 ,i pa9t$ my  picture1 & he
 call$ 8 fri5ds toge!r to look at x4 ,!y
  all laugh$ at me1 & ,i _h to take back
 my picture4    ,h&el repli$ t ! old    
,italian pa9t]s 7 wor?y ( all  respect1 
& s 7 ! old ,italian *ur* compos]s4 ,!  
mod]n  ones he ?\ght1 9 _! way1 m or    
less l ,signor  ,f>9elli4    ,! day be=e
 ! oratorio 0 to be produc$ ,h&el sat 9 
8  /udy review+ ! "w4 ,n[ he w\ld smile 
ov] a passage1 n[  pause ov] some?+ t   
did n satisfy him1 pond]+1  /rik+ out1 &
 alt]+ to suit 8 judgm5t4 ,at l5g? 8    

eyes re/$ on ! la/ ,am51 long1 long1    
till a te> fell on  ! leaf4    ,?is "w1 
he said solemnly1 & look+ upw>ds1 is my 
be/6  ,receive my be/ ?anks1 ,o b5evol5t
 ,fa!r6 ,?\1 ,"l6 ha/  giv5 x me2 & :at 
comes =? f !e1 t endure?1  ?\gh all ?+s 
e>?ly p]i%4 ,am54    ,he laid aside !   
notes1 & walk$ a few times up & d[n !   
room1 !n seat$ himself 9 8 easy-*air4 ,8
 pupil1 ,joseph1  op5$ ! door s(tly &   
came 94 ,h&el />t$ f 8  rev]ie1 & ask$  
:at he want$4 ,! "y man1 ) an air (     
my/]y1 begg$ ! ma/] to come ) him4    ,9
 a few mom5ts !y 7 9 a room 9 ! upp]    
/ory ( ,ma/]  ,f>r5's tav]n1 a room :]e 
,joseph practis$ 8 music4 ,!re1  to     
,h&el's no small a/oni%m5t1 he saw !    
ho/'s pretty  daught]1 ,ell54    ,:at   
may all ?is mean8 he ask$1 :ile 8 br[   
d>k5$4  ,:at d y "h1 ,miss ,ell51 9 ?is 
"y man's /udy8    ,he may tell y t      
himself1 ,ma/] ,h&el1 answ]$ !  damsel1 
turn+ away h] blu%+ face4    ,joseph    
ha/5$ to say1 ,i am ready to answ]1 de> 
ma/]1 =  :at we d4    ,op5 y\r m\?1 &   

speak1 !n1 said ,h&el /]nly4    ,y h    
done mu* = me1 de> ma/]1 said ,joseph ) 
emotion4 ,:5 ,i came a /rang] &         
p5niless1 y put me 9 !  way ( e>n+ a    
support4 ,y gave me in/ruction 9 music &
  s++1 sp5d+ h\rs y might h giv5 to do+ 
some?+  great4    ,& does ! fool ?9k    
mak+ a good s+] 0 n do+  some?+         
great--eh8    ,& ,i h tri$ to make a s+]
 = y6 said ! "y man4  ,w y he> h]8 ,& he
 po9t$ to ,ell54    ,h&el1 9 8 surprise1
 op5$ 8 eyes wide z he look$ at !       
damsel4    ,yes--,ell56 %e repeat$1 com+
 close to him1 & lift+ h]  cle>1 hazel  
eyes to 8 face4 ,n[ y "k1 ,ma/] ,h&el1  
:at  ,joseph & ,i h be5 ab\t1 & = :at ,i
 am "h 9 8  /udy4    #bef    ,we want$  
to be ( s]vice 9 y\r dilemma1 said      
,joseph4 ,%all  ,ell5 s+ be=e y1 ,ma/]  
,h&el8    ,h&el seat$ himself3 ,i am    
curi\s to see h[ y\r tea*+ has  succe$$1
 he said4 ,come1 let h] beg94    ,joseph
 w5t to ! piano1 & ,ell5 /ood beside    
him4    ,! "p %e took 0 t ( ! fir/      
soprano1 ! "o tak5  f ,signora ,lucia4  

,h&el />t$ z ! "y girl's voice  rose1   
cle>1 silv]y1 float+--a voice ( ! pure/ 
quality6  ,h[ he li/5$ :5 he he>d ! mo/ 
spl5did portion ( 8  =?com+ "w--!       
glori\s air1 ,i "k t my ,r$eem]         
live?--& h[ ,ell5 sang x may be         
conjectur$ :51 aft] %e  _h ceas$1 !     
compos] sat motionless1 a happy smile on
 8  lips1 8 eyes full ( te>s4 ,at l5g?  
he drew a deep brea?1  arose1 kiss$ !   
maid5's =ehead1 kiss$ h] eyes1 9 :i*    
also bright drops 7 glanc+1 & said )    
pr(\nd feel+3  ,ell51 my good--good     
*ild--y w s+ ?is "p to-morr[ at  !      
repres5tation8    ,ma/] ,h&el6 ,fa!r    
,h&el cri$ ! maid51 & ?rew  h]self1     
sobb+1 on 8 neck4 ,joseph rattl$ (f a   
jovial air to  cov] 8 emotion4          
------    ,am56 res\nd$ ?r\gh ! ar*es ( 
! *ur*1 & di$ away  9 :isp]$ melody 9   
its remote/ aisles4 ,am56 respond$      
,h&el1 :ile he sl[ly let fall ! /aff )  
:i* he _h kept  "t4 ,8 immortal         
ma/]piece _h produc$ an imm5se          
impression3 8 fame 0 e/abli%$ = all "t4 

,:5 ! great compos] desc5d$ ! *ur* /eps1
 he 0  in=m$ t 8 maje/y _h s5t = him1 & 
t a c>riage  0 wait+1 by ! royal comm&1 
to convey him to ,c>lton  ,h\se4        
,george ! ,second receiv$ ! arti/ ) a   
graci\s welcome1  & he read 8 triumph 9 
! faces ( ! c\rt nobles4    ,y h made u 
a noble pres5t 9 y\r ,messiah1 ,ma/]    
,h&el1 said ! mon>*4 ,x is a brave piece
 ( "w6    ,is x8 ask$ ! compos]1 look+ 9
 ! k+'s face1  & well pleas$4    ,x is1 
inde$1 repli$ ,george4 ,& n[1 tell me   
:at ,i c d  = y4    ,if y\r maje/y1     
answ]$ ,h&el1 w give a place to !  "y   
man :o sang ! t5or solo "p1 ,i %all be  
grateful4  ,joseph ,wa* is my pupil1 &  
he has a pupil too1 ,ma/]  ,f>r5's      
daught]2 b !y _c m>ry till ,joseph f9ds 
a  place4 ,! old dame w n cons5t1 & y\r 
maje/y kn[s !  wom5 be> rule4    ,! k+'s
 smile 0 a =c$ "o1 = a sore po9t 9 8    
exp]i5ce 0 t\*$4 ,i "k no?+ ( ! sort1 he
 said4  ,b y\r pupil %all h a place z   
fir/ t5or 9 our *apel4    ,h&el ?ank$ 8 
maje/y ) s9c]e pleasure4 ,! k+ seem$  to

 expect him to ask m4    ,h y no?+1 at  
l5g? he said1 to ask = y\rself8 ,we     
w\ld ?ank y1 9 y\r own p]son1 = ! fair  
ent]ta9m5t  provid$ 9 y\r ,messiah4     
,h&el crimson$ z he he>d ?is1 & he      
answ]$ 9 a tone (  disappo9tm5t3 ,sire1 
,i h endeavor$ n to ent]ta9  y1 b to    
make y bett]4    ,all ! c\rtly company  
look$ _! a/oni%m5t4 ,ev5 ,k+  ,george 0 
surpris$4 ,!n1 bur/+ into a he>ty fit ( 
laught]1 he walk$ up to ! compos] &     
slapp$ him  good-natur$ly on ! %\ld]4 ,y
 are1 & ev] w be1 a  r\gh old fell[1    
,h&el1 said he2 b a good fell[ )al6 ,d  
z y w1 we %all always be ! be/ fri5ds 9 
! _w6    #beg    ,h&el retir$ f !       
audi5ce1 & 0 glad to escape to 8        
favorite haunt1 ,ma/] ,f>r5's tav]n4    
,joseph & ,ell5 7  !re1 await+ 8 return4
 ,8 news br\ght !m great joy4    ,9 !   
la/ ye>s ( ,h&el's life1 :5 8 sight     
fail$ him1 x  0 ,ell5 :o nurs$ him      
fai?fully z if %e _h be5 8 own  *ild1   
:ile h] husb& wrote d[n 8 la/           
compositions4        ------             

,translat$ f ,les tudes ,religieuses1   
etc4      ,! ,title ,( ,! ,k+s ,( ,engl&
        ,def5sor ,fidei3    ,its        
,signification ,& ,its ,orig94      ,if 
an ,engli%man w take a p\nd /]l+ ( !    
pres5t ye>1  he w f9d ar\nd ! effigy (  
,que5 ,victoria ! words1  ,def5sor      
,fidei1 a title :i* ! sov]eigns ( ,great
  ,brita9 h be5 pr\d to be> = m ?an ?ree
 c5turies4    ,f :om did !y receive x8  
,:y 0 x giv5 to !m8 ,:at did  x         
orig9ally mean1 & :at does x mean n[8   
,h5ry ,,viii4 receiv$ ?is title f ! pope
 z a p]sonal  privilege1 & "o t he _h   
ard5tly desir$ & solicit$ =  a long "t4 
,x 0 conf]r$ by a bull ( ,leo ,x41      
confirm$ by  ,clem5t ,,vii4 ,no "o is   
ignorant on :at occasion4 ,lu!r _h left 
! *ur*4 ,he 0 s[+ 8 h]esy 9 ,g]many1    
decl>+ t  ! pope 0 ,anti*ri/1 & declaim+
 ) furi\s rage aga9/  ,rome 9 8 impi\s  
"w1 ,! ,captivity ( ,babylon4 ,h5ry     
,,viii41 indignant at ! ef=t to mislead 
! p1 repli$ 9  a book call$ ,ass]tio    
septem sacram5torum adv]sus ,m>t9um     

,lu!rum4 ,we regret t ! space to :i* we 
are limit$  prev5ts u mak+ copi\s       
citations f x2 = our read]s  w\ld !n see
 t x w\ld be impossible = any "o to     
proclaim a m devot$ atta*m5t to ! holy  
see ?an did ,h5ry  ,,viii4 at t "t4 ,^! 
pages are m ?an ?ree c5turies  old2 b   
to-day1 :5 w> aga9/ ! papacy is m bitt] 
?an  ev]1 we "k ( none among !          
contempor>y works :i* def5d  ! *ur* m   
filially & m w>mly4    #beh    ,if at ! 
"t :5 ,h5ry ,,viii41 full ( joy1 receiv$
 ! bull  ( ,leo ,x41 amid ! he>ty       
congratulations ( 8 p1 a man  _h /ood   
be=e him & said3 ,sire1 9 less ?an      
f\rte5 ye>s  y w belie all y\r          
prote/ations ( filial devot$ness &      
submission to ! ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 y 
w rebel aga9/  ! ,roman ,*ur* 9 j z     
/rik+ a way z ,m>t9 ,lu!r has  done2 y w
 proclaim y\rself ! head ( ! ,*ur* (    
,engl&2 y w be ! au?or ( a s*ism :i* w  
make blood  fl[ 9 torr5ts & w desolate  
,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&  = m ?an ?ree 
c5turies2 y1 ! victori\s ,h5ry ,,viii41 

:o w\ld be ! delight ( y\r p if y 7 !   
ma/] (  y\r passions in/ead ( be+ _!    
slave2 y w become !  ,n]o ( ,engl&3 _h  
su* words be5 spok51 _! au?or w\ld  h   
be5 look$ ^u z insane4 ,! pr\d &        
passionate ,tudor  w\ld h exhau/$ 8     
+5uity 9 inv5t+ means to torture  a     
traitor l ?is4 ,b1 at ! end ( #aecd1 he 
:o w\ld  v5ture to pr9t ?is book1 :i* _h
 pur*as$ = ,h5ry ,,viii4  ! title :i* ! 
sov]eigns ( ,engl& are s pr\d to use    
ev5 to-day1 w\ld h be5 decl>$ guilty (  
high treason4    ,?us1 ,god has wi%$ t !
 v co9s ( 8 c\ntry %all  become = !     
,engli%man :o reflects & /udies a       
preci\s &  la/+ hi/orical monum5t ( !   
anci5t fai? ( ! c\ntry1  ! ,ca?olic1    
,apo/olic1 & ,roman fai?1 ! fai? (      
,france1 (  ,spa91 ( ,italy1 ( ,au/ria1 
& ( all ,*ri/ianity4 ,! title  ,def5sor 
,fidei signifi$ at t "t def5d] ( !      
,roman ,fai?4 ,:at does x mean n[8 ,aft]
 #aecd1 ,h5ry ,,viii4  pret5d$ to def5d 
! ,ca?olic fai?1 by refus+ ob$i5ce to  !
 pope & submitt+ to 8 own spiritual     

supremacy1 a new  /> 9 ! firmam5t ( !   
*ur*4    ,"u ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi41 or 
r "u t ( ! two  successive protectors1 !
 ,dukes ( ,som]set & ,nor?umb]l&1  !    
fai? 0 def5d$ 9 ! %ape ( ! ,=ty-two     
,articles4 ,x  0 no long] ! ,ca?olic    
fai? 9 its purity4    ,"u ! reign (     
,elizabe?1 ! gov]ness ( ! ,*ur* (       
,engl&1 ! cre$ ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 modifi$1
 & ! fai? 0  n[ decl>$ to consi/ 9 !    
,?irty-n9e ,articles4    ,s9ce ,elizabe?
 ^! ,?irty-,n9e ,articles h cont9u$ to  
be  ! (ficial cre$ ( ! e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,9
 a c\ntry :]e  cu/om holds su* sway1 all
 ! memb]s ( ! ,anglican cl]gy  are      
oblig$ to pr(ess _! fai? 9 ^! articles  
"u oa?2  b d we see t ! que5 & h] privy 
c\ncil exact !  p]=mance ( ?is oa?8 ,x  
w\ld be answ]$ t su* a ?+  has become   
impracticable1 & t no "o is held to !   
p]=mance ( ! impossible4 ,we *e]fully   
agree to ?is1 =  we are n 9 ! habit (   
conte/+ :at is pla9ly evid5t4    ,!     
/rik+ & multipli$ facts ( contemporane\s
 hi/ory w  at la/ compel e s]i\s-m9d$   

man to ask himself ?is  "q3 ,is n !     
title ,def5sor ,fidei v mu* l  t ( ,k+ (
 ,france :i* ! sov]eign ( ,engl&  r5\nc$
 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 )\t really    
los+  any?+8 ,to tell ! tru?1 !y are    
def5d]s ( ! fai? 9  mu* ! same mann] z  
,victor ,emmanuel is ,k+ ( ,cyprus &    
,j]usalem4    ,if we 7 ,engli%1 we w\ld 
delight 9 publi%+ a truly  apo/olic     
book1 :i* w\ld conta9 little ( our own  
intellectual labor1 except1 p]haps1 !   
*oice ( mat]ials &  ! mann] ( arrang+   
!m2 nor w\ld x be a controv]sial  "w1 = 
controv]sy only embitt]s an oppon5t2 &1 
if our  read]s w p]mit a playful b /rik+
 comp>ison1 we w\ld  make our adv]s>ies 
appe> l two inimical squirrels1 :o w    
cont9ually run ab\t 9 a circle1 ) fi]y  
looks & lively  motions1 yet nev] gett+ 
"o /ep ne>] to ea* o!r4  #bei  ,we %\ld 
make ! calm & imp>tial voice ( hi/ory   
speak1 &  our publication w\ld be call$ 
,hi/orical ,docum5ts on !  ,title ( !   
,k+s ( ,engl&1 ,def5sor ,fidei4    ,l>ge
 books f9d few read]s n[adays1 & s we   

w\ld make ours  v brief2 its cont5ts ^!3
 ,! affirmation ( ! sev5  sacram5ts     
aga9/ ,m>t9 ,lu!r by ,h5ry ,,viii41 ) ! 
def5ce  ( 8 book by ,john ,fi%]1 ,bi%op 
( ,ro*e/]2 ! bull ( ,leo  ,x41 :i* gave 
,h5ry ,,viii4 ! title ( ,def5sor ,fidei2
  ! act ( p>liam5t :i* decl>$ ,h5ry     
,,viii4 supreme head (  ! ,*ur* (       
,engl&2 ! ,=ty-two ,articles ( ,anglican
 fai?  "u ! reign ( ,elizabe? & h]      
successors2 ! pr(ession  ( fai? 9 !     
,?irty-n9e ,articles exact$ (ficially ( 
!  ,anglican cl]gy2 &1 f9ally1 !        
pr(ession ( fai? ( ,pius  ,,iv41 :i*    
conta9s ! :ole doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,c\ncil
 (  ,tr5t4 ,we w\ld give ! ,lat9 text ( 
all ^? docum5ts & a  good ,engli%       
translation1 s t ! exactness ( !        
translation c\ld be v]ifi$4 ,we w\ld    
cr[n our "w ) a  little complem5t>y     
app5dix1 :i* w\ld give our read]s an    
insight ( ! privy c\ncil ( ! que5 9     
ecclesia/ical  matt]s--,optima legum    
int]pres consuetudo4 ,%[+ on "o  side an
 ab/ract ( ! condemnations inflict$ ^u !

  ,puseyites = hav+ pr(ess$ ,ca?olic    
doctr9es d5i$ by !  ,anglican ,*ur*2 &1 
on ! o!r1 ! recapitulation ( !  pr9cipal
 acts1 :i* h favor$ s-call$ evangelical 
& ev5  rationali/ic t5d5cies 9 ! v he>t 
( ! e/abli%m5t1  & :i* are recall$ by ! 
names1 n[ become s fam\s1 (  ,gorham1   
,hampd51 & ,col5so4 ,nor %\ld we omit ! 
nom9ation  ( a bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 made )
 su* t\*+ concord by  ,engl& & h]       
,prote/ant si/]1 ,prussia4 ,?is         
*>act]i/ic  fact impresses ! seal (     
worldly policy on ! =ehead ( !          
,anglican ,*ur*4    ,:at c make a book m
 attractive ?an f9e engrav+s8 ,& s  our 
manual w\ld conta9 ! portraits ( all !  
k+s &  que5s ( ,engl& :o h born ! title 
( ,def5sor  ,fidei2 &1 9 ?is gall]y (   
sov]eigns1 w\ld figure 9  8 place !     
sombre protector ,cromwell1 :o 0 a      
def5d] (  ! fai? 9 a mann] peculi>ly 8  
own4 ,fac+ ! rul]s (  ,engl&1 we w\ld   
place ! popes ( ,rome4 ,we %\ld /rictly 
d5y ourselves ! pleasure ( mak+ any     
comm5t>ies4 ,we %\ld  cont5t ourselves )

 a s+le exposition ( au!ntic facts1  &  
look = ! fruit ( our book f ! grace (   
,god1 :o  enlight5s ! m9d & t\*es ! he>t
 9 8 own good "t1  & f ! good s5se1 !   
integrity1 & well-kn[n  /raight=w>d _s (
 ! ,engli% nation4    ,our read] has no 
ne$ = u to tell him :at ! subject (  ?is
 "w w\ld be4 ,he sees cle>ly t ?is book 
( ,h5ry ,,viii4  aga9/ ,lu!r1 & its     
def5ce by ,john ,fi%]1 ,bi%op (         
,ro*e/]--a book n[ extremely r>e1 buri$1
 z x 71 9 !  du/ ( a few libr>ies z an  
ar*aeological curiosity1 or at  mo/ only
 quot$ to %[ ! mon/r\s                  
self-contradictions t  ,h5ry ,,viii4    
exhibit$--t ?is book1 we say1 is ! mo/  
au!ntic & preci\s monum5t ( ! anci5t &  
,ca?olic fai?  9 ,engl&1 &1 at ! same   
"t1 a refutation 9 advance ( !          
,anglican s*ism1 ( all ! ,anglican      
h]esies1 & ( !  ,lu!ran diatribes (     
,anglicanism aga9/ ! pope z ,anti*ri/1  
& ,rome z a new ,babylon4    #bfj    ,is
 !re n a sign 9 ?is v "w ( wondr\s div9e
  pr$ilection = ,engl&1 & a di/ant      

prep>ation = a future1  su* z we see ) s
 mu* joy1 spr++ f ! se$ s[n  !n1        
c5turies ago8    ,9 religi\s & wise     
,engl& _m s\ls are eag]ly seek+ !  unity
 & antiquity ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?2 l o!rs1 
:o h  prec$$ !m 9 f9d+ ! fold ( ,*ri/1  
!y are ready to  make ! mo/ h]oic       
sacrifices z soon z !y h discov]$  !    
pe>l )\t price4 ,^! bro!rs are already  
,ca?olic by  ! aspirations ( _! he>ts4  
,p]haps _m belong already1  )\t _! own k
 & )\t ours1 to ! s\l ( !  only true    
*ur*1 because !y h validly receiv$ holy 
baptism1 :i* has made !m memb]s ( ,jesus
 ,*ri/ & *ildr5  ( ! *ur*2 because !y   
are only mat]ial h]etics2 &  because !y 
walk 9 humility 9 ! way t he :o is !    
only  ,m$iator attracts !m by 8 grace4  
,!y always take a /ep 9  ! true fai? at 
ea* new light t !y receive f heav54  ,^!
 ,*ri/ians :om we respect & love1 & :o  
love u1 honor  _! c\ntry m ?an we c     
readily express4 ,we _c ?9k  ( !m )\t ! 
deepe/ int]e/ & sympa!tic v5]ation4     
,) ! exception ( ! trials ( ,pius ,,ix41

 ! fa!r ( !  ,*ri/ian univ]se1 ! mo/    
v5]able & ! mo/ magnanim\s  ( all !     
oppress$1 except ?is holy1 old man1 ?is 
pontiff  k+1 surr\nd$ by 8 legion (     
,ma*abees1 cr[n$ ) 8  gray locks1 8     
virtues1 & 8 mis=tunes1 we "k ( no?+  s 
beautiful z ! devotion ( our ,ca?olic   
bro!rs ( ,engl&1  ,scotl&1 & ,irel& to  
,god & 8 *ur*1 & ! div9e  assi/ance :i* 
cont9ually rallies new neophytes ab\t !m
  :5 ,god calls !m4 ,x is a flood de/9$ 
to ov]spread !  l&4 ,wond]ful are !     
surges ( ! sea4 ,footnote #cg           
,footnote #cg3 ,psalm xc4 #d4    ,a     
religi\s ( "o ( ! mission>y ord]s       
rec5tly wrote f  ,india conc]n+ a       
,prote/ant lady :om he _h met1 & said1  
,h] conv]sation made me ?9k t %e 0 only 
a ,prote/ant by  mi/ake4 ,h[ _m         
,engli%m5 to-day are only ,anglicans by 
mi/ake6    ,:ile ! ,episcopal ,*ur* is  
fall+ to pieces "u !  dis9tegrat+       
influ5ce ( ,prote/antism1 :i* is its    
ess5ce1  & ( rationalism1 :i* has invad$
 x1 z ! lam5t$ ,rob]t  ,wilb]=ce has    

cle>ly %[n1 ,footnote #ch _m ,*ri/ians  
born  )9 its communion1 b animat$ by a  
diff]5t _s :i*  urges !m to ! div9e     
c5tre ( ,ca?olicity1 are no long]  will+
 to build _! fai? on ! %ift+ s& ( human 
op9ions1 & cem5t a religi\s society by !
 dissolv+  pr9ciple ( private judgm5t4  
,= !m ! au?ority & !  common fai? ( !   
univ]sal *ur* are necess>y3 !y dem&  !  
integrity ( ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! 
sacr$  gu>dian ( apo/olic traditions4 ,=
 su* z ^!1 ! book (  ,h5ry ,,viii4 &    
,john ,fi%] is a mo/ /rik+ monum5t ( !  
unity & antiquity ( ! fai?1 a sort (    
beacon to %[ all 9  ! great imp5d+      
%ipwreck ( religion 9 ,engl& :at        
direction !y mu/ take 9 ord] to f9d     
safety4        ,footnote #ch3 ,!        
pr9ciple ( au?ority 9 ! *ur*4    ,y :o  
seek ! unity ( ! fai?1 !n1 "o he>t & "o 
s\l1 ,footnote #ci see 9 :at spl5dor %e 
%9es "h4        ,footnote #ci3 ,acts iv4
 #cb4    #bfa    ,x is ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 &
 ) him ! mo/ pi\s &  le>n$ ,engli% bi%op
 ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :o makes 8         

pr(ession ( fai?1 :o glories 9 8        
submission to !  au?ority ( ! pope1 :o  
def5ds ! sev5 sacram5ts4 ,does a  s+le  
bi%op prote/8 ,are ,ox=d & ,cambridge   
sil5t8 ,d !  secul> & regul> cl]gy1 !   
p>liam5t1 ! laym5 ( e  condition ( life1
 all acquiesce8 ,does n a s+le          
,engli%man  pres5t ?is respectful       
remon/rance3 ,sire1 y are sacrific+  !  
rights & pr]ogatives ( y\r cr[n6 ,a ,k+ 
( ,engl&  submit to ! pope6 ,is n "o k+ 
! supreme head ( !  *ur*8 ,y def5d sev5 
sacram5ts3 h[ s :5 !re are only  two8   
,x 01 !n1 evid5tly ! fai? ( ,engl& t    
,h5ry ,,viii4 &  ,john ,fi%] def5d$2 &  
?is monum5t1 re>$ be=e ! s*ism  &       
diff]5t cre$s t x has creat$1 %[s u t ^?
 :o  w\ld d>e to d5y ! doctr9es !re put 
=? w\ld be  consid]$ innovators1 :i*1 9 
! *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 has  always be5  
consid]$ synonym\s ) h]etics4    ,b if  
?is book is ! monum5t ( ! fai? ( ,engl& 
9 !  sixte5? c5tury1 be=e #aecd1 x is at
 ! same "t a monum5t  ( ! ,roman fai?1 t
 is to say1 ( ! fai? ( ! ,ca?olic       

,*ur*4 ,at t "t1 :5 ! pontiffs 7 m ?an  
usually  vigilant on acc\nt ( ! h]esies 
:i* 7 spr++ up 9  ! v>i\s c\ntries (    
,europe1 two popes1 ,leo ,x4 & ,clem5t  
,,vii41 7 n cont5t ) sanction+ ! "w (   
,h5ry ,,viii41  b gave & confirm$ to him
 ! title ( ! ,def5d] ( !  ,fai?4 ,engl& 
decl>$ h] belief2 ,rome1 & ?r\gh h] !   
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 answ]$3 ,y\r fai? is    
ours2 we congratulate  y on y\r able    
def5ce ( x4 ,"h 0 inde$ unity &         
unanimity4    ,is ?is all ! light t we c
 ga!r f ?is s\rce8 ,?is  monum5t 0      
erect$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! religi\s life (     
,engl&1 betwe5 its ,roman ,ca?olic pa/1 
( m ?an a ?\s&  ye>s f ! bir? ( !       
,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*1 & its  s*ismatic   
future1 :i* w\ld c\nt m ?an ?ree hundr$ 
ye>s4 ,n[h]e c "o bett] /& to see !     
diff]5t policies  & c\rse travell$ by   
,engl& ?an "h3 once z ! *]i%$  daught] (
 ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ! si/] ( ,ca?olic      
nations2 &  !n h[ %e has *ang$ s9ce %e  
rebell$ aga9/ ,rome1 & has  gone on 9 h]
 isolation1 suffici5t = h]self1 ,*ri/ian

 9  h] own way1 ev5 :ile an oecum5ical  
c\ncil 0 assembl$4    ,! ,roman ,ca?olic
 pa/ ( ,engl& is kn[n by ! c]ta9        
evid5ce ( hi/ory2 & f ! monum5t ( ,h5ry 
,,viii41 :i*  c well be consid]$ its    
t]m9us1 we propose to ca/ a ha/y  glance
 at its mo/ di/ant ev5ts2 & ( ^! by f> !
 mo/  int]e/+ are ! glori\s acts ( !    
pontificate ( ,pope ,/4  ,gregory !     
,great1 :o s5t mission>ies to conv]t 8  
de>  ,engli%1 al?\gh yet idolat]s1 & :o 
*ose _! fir/ bi%op  f ! ,b5$ict9e monks 
( 8 conv5t at ,rome4 ,:at unity1  :at   
unanimity betwe5 ,rome & ,engl& 9 ! "t (
 ! monk  ,/4 ,augu/9e6 ,x 0 ! union ( a 
daught] & "m3 x 0  precisely ! same     
union1 ! same fai?1 9 ! six? z 9 !      
sixte5? c5tury1 until #aecd4    ,! six? 
c5tury makes u g f> back 9 ! hi/ory ( ! 
*ur*2 b1 9 admir+ ! apo/olic works ( ,/4
 ,augu/9e &  8 companion1 we f9d ab\t !m
 preci\s & /rik+ witnesses  ( a pa/ yet 
m di/ant4  #bfb  ,/4 ,augu/9e convokes !
 bi%ops ( ! ,britons to beg !m to  aid  
him 9 conv]t+ ! ,saxons to ,*ri/ianity4 

,he  ackn[l$g$1 !n1 t ! ,britons 7 9 !  
same communion1  & pr(ess$ ! same ,roman
 ,ca?olic fai?4 ,inde$1 if !  ,britons 7
 wrong 9 refus+ _! help1 x 0 only       
because (  _! hatr$ aga9/ _! oppressors1
 = ! anci5t ,briti%  ,*ur* 0 nev]       
sep>at$ f ! communion ( ! ,roman  ,*ur*1
 nev] lo/ ! purity ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4   
,footnote  #dj        ,footnote #dj3    
,see ,! ,monks ( ! ,we/1      by ,m4 le 
,comte de ,montalemb]t4    ,pelagius1 x 
is true1 0 a ,briton1 & 8 h]esy1 :i* he 
fir/ s[$ at ,rome1 0 n long 9 rea*+     
,great ,brita91 yet  x nev] took deep   
root !re4 ,! ,briti% ,ca?olics s5t a    
deputation to ! bi%ops ( ,gaul1 urg+ !m 
to s5d a numb]  ( mission>ies to !m4    
,pope ,cele/9e1 w>n$ ( ! dang] to  !    
fai?1 s5t ,/4 ,g]ma9 ( ,aux]re2 ! bi%ops
 ( ,gaul1  assembl$ = ?is purpose1 add$ 
,/4 ,l\p ( ,troyes4 ,^! two  great      
bi%ops left _! peaceful flocks 9 all    
ha/e to come to  ! rescue ( ! invad$    
folds2 & :ile !y 7 work+ s  fai?fully = 
! glory ( ,god & ( 8 holy *ur*1 all     

,ca?olic ,gaul 0 pray+ mo/ f]v5tly = its
 si/]1 ,great  ,brita94 ,pelagianism 0  
vanqui%$ & f\nd no home 9 ! l&  (       
,pelagius2 x 0 9 ano!r l& t x made its  
mo/  deplorable ravages4    ,?us x 0 9  
,great ,brita9 t ! bi%ops1 :o are       
e/abli%$ by ! ,holy ,_s to gov]n ! *ur*1
 ,footnote  #da triumph$ ov] ?is sad &  
insidi\s h]esy1 :5 !y 7  free to ex]cise
 _! div9e mission 9 t c\ntry1 & :5  !y 7
 closely unit$ to ! c5tre ( unity4      
,footnote #da3 ,acts xx4 #bh4    ,!re 0 
some?+ l x 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :5 !     
h]esy ( ,wickliff arose4 ,he 0 condemn$ 
by ! c\ncil (  ,london1 7#achb17 al?\gh 
an ,engli%man1 & "o :o _h /udi$  at     
,ox=d1 & :o _h be5 ! pr9cipal ( !       
,college (  ,cant]bury1 at once !       
flatt]] & ! favorite ( 8  sov]eigns4 ,8 
doctr9e1 :i* conta9$ ! g]m ( all !      
,anglicanism ( ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 caus$  
consid]able tr\ble  9 ,engl&2 b1 ?anks  
to ! firmness ( ! episcopate1 ^!        
tr\bles are n to be comp>$ ) ^? f :i*   
,bohemia  suff]$1 :]e ,john ,huss taught

 ! same h]esy4    ,be=e ! ,anglican     
re=m1 :i* has creat$ a sy/em be=e       
unhe>d (1 & :i* unites calumny )        
hi/orical delusions1  e ,engli%man 0    
pr\d to claim = 8 c\ntry ! honor (  hav+
 pres]v$ ! fai? always 9 its purity f ! 
"t  t ! gospel _h fir/ be5 prea*$ !re4  
,footnote #db        ,footnote #db3     
,accord+ to ! ,v5]able ,b$e1 ,ca?olic   
mission>ies 7 s5t !re 9 ! second c5tury 
( our      era1 by ,pope ,eleu!rius4    
,0 ,engl&1 !n1 9 error8 ,if s1 %e has   
deceiv$ h]self &  all ,*ri/5dom2 & ?is  
univ]sal error has la/$ f !  pontificate
 ( ,pope ,/4 ,eleu!rius1 to t ( ,pope   
,clem5t  ,,vii41 a p]iod ( m ?an ?irte5 
hundr$ & fifty ye>s6 ,we  mu/ say t     
anyone :o looks ^u ?is fact z ( slight  
importance w\ld greatly a/oni% u4 ,:]e d
 !y ?9k t  ! true *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 
dur+ ^! long c5turies1  t *ur* aga9/ :i*
 ! gates ( hell %all n prevail8         
,footnote #dc ,did x disappe>1 ?is city 
( ,god1 :i* 0 to be  plac$ on ! m\nta9 &
 se5 by all p8 ,footnote #dd  ,surely ! 

_s ( delusion & d>kness mu/ be v pot5t  
:5 x c make a pi\s ,engli%man decl>e t !
 glory ( !  ,engli% ,*ur* 0 r$uc$ to    
no?+ be=e ! sixte5?  c5tury1 & t !n     
,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,cranm]1 an infam\s     
lib]t9e & 8 s]vile c\rti]1 7 rais$ up to
 op5 a new  c>e] to h]4        ,footnote
 #dc3 ,/4 ,m>k xvi4 #ah4                
,footnote #dd3 ,/4 ,mat!w v4 #ad4       
#bfc    ,yet ,engl&1 not)/&+ its mod]n  
religi\s /ate1 is n  revolution>y4 ,%e  
loves ord] z w>mly z %e does lib]ty4    
,ev5 9 religion1 %e desires by          
subord9ation ! only means (  pres]v+ x4 
,h[ mu* light = ,anglicans ( good fai?  
7& !y are  num]\s7 %9es 9 ! viol5t & ev5
 indec5t attacks made by  _! prea*]s &  
hi/orians ^u ! greate/ names (  ,ca?olic
 ,engl&--names t ,engl& rev]$ 9 =m]     
times )  ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w--names /ill 
de> to ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*1 albeit !y are 
n[ almo/ unkn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,to efface  s 
mu* glory1 x 0 ne$ful t a new k9d (     
glory %\ld  appe> & dazzle by its v     
contra/4    ,at ! end ( #aecd1 & /ill m 

def9itively 9 #aeei1 at !  comm5cem5t ( 
! reign ( ,elizabe?1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic  
,*ur*  & ! ,anglican ,*ur* 7 viol5tly   
sep>at$2 !y no m  pr(ess ! same cre$1 !y
 h no long] ! same wor%ip1  _! hi]>*ies 
are /rang]s1 !y mutually reproa* ea* )  
n be+ ! true *ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is 
f !  monum5t ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,john    
,fi%] t we c see !  diff]5t pa?s !y     
foll[$ & ! daily increas+ diff]5ce  :i* 
has sep>at$ !m4    ,= ! ,roman ,*ur* ?is
 epo* 0 "o ( ^? glori\s  epiphanies :i* 
our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ prep>es = x 9      
diff]5t times1 & ( :i* ! joys are s[n 9 
te>s4 ,aft] a  /]ile & desolate w9t] a  
spr+ appe>$ = ! div9e  tree1 full ( sap1
 & p]fum$ ) cele/ial blossoms1 foll[$   
by a summ] & autumn1 ri* 9 preci\s      
fruits ( sanctity1 (  k1 & *>ity4 ,!    
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 0 convok$ 9 #aedb  by   
,paul ,,iii4 = ! spread & exaltation ( !
 ,*ri/ian  fai?1 = ! extirpation (      
h]esies1 ! peace & union (  ! *ur*1 = ! 
re=mation ( ! cl]gy & !  ,*ri/ian p1 = !
 repression & ext9ction ( !  enemies ( !

 ,*ri/ian "n4 ,! evils t exi/$ 7        
fe>ful4 ,! holy c\ncil1 ) ! div9e       
assi/ance1 acquitt$  itself ( its task 9
 a mann] :i* w\ld br+ a spe$y &  c]ta9  
rem$y to all ! preval5t abuses4 ,god1 ! 
supreme ,k+  ( k+s1 recomp5s$ s _m g5]\s
 ef=ts on ! "p ( 8  fai?ful p by accord+
 to !m1 be=e ! end ( !  sixte5? c5tury1 
"u ! glori\s pontificate ( ,/4 ,pius    
,v41  t memorable victory ( ,lepanto1   
:i* cr[n$ ! "w ( !  crusades & %att]$ = 
ev] ! p[] ( ! ,mussulman4    ,b :at     
avail ! laws ! mo/ salut>y 9 ! bosom (  
nations  pr(\ndly ignorant & deeply     
corrupt1 if !re d n rise 9  _! mid/ m5  
p[]ful 9 ^w & "w to in/ruct !m1 &1      
above all1 to reg5]ate !m by !          
irresi/ible attraction (  ! mo/ h]oic   
virtue8 ,x 0 !n ,god rais$ up 9 ,italy1 
9  ,france1 9 ,spa91 9 ,g]many1 true    
re=m]s1 :o1 aft]  ! example ( _! div9e  
,ma/]1 began to act be=e !y  began to   
tea*4 ,_! names are too well kn[n to ne$
 m5tion  "h4 ,!y compell$ m5 to         
ackn[l$ge ! div9e tree by its  fruits4  

,!y pr(ess$ ! fai? proclaim$ by !       
,c\ncil (  ,tr5t1 :i* 0 no?+ else ?an ! 
fai? ( ,nice 9 its  legitimate          
developm5t4 ,! fai? ( ,nice 0 ! fai? ( !
  apo/les4 ,?is fai? ( ! apo/les1 (     
,nice1 ( all !  oecum5ical c\ncils1 is !
 fai? to-day ( ! ,roman ,*ur* 9  !      
solemn pr(ession ( fai? ( ,pius4 ,,iv41 
:i* is a  rsum ( all ! doctr9e ( ! holy 
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4    #bfd    ,z = ,engl&1
 9 sep>at+ f ! ,roman ,*ur* %e comm5c$  
! hi/ory ( h] v>iations3 %e ent]$ ^u t  
d[nw>d  pa? ( religi\s decl9e :i*       
naturally ends 9 a sudd5  desc5t into ! 
gulf ( scepticism4 ,) a cre$ subject to 
!  *ang+ w ( man1 %e 0 ,anglican aft] "o
 fa%ion "u  ,h5ry ,,viii41 aft] ano!r   
fa%ion "u ,edw>d ,,vi41 aft] a  ?ird "u 
,elizabe?1 & n[1 to ! inexpressible     
confusion  & grief ( ^? pi\s ,*ri/ians  
born & nurtur$ 9 !  bosom ( ! e/abli%$  
*ur*1 %e has arriv$1 /ep by /ep1  at a  
po9t :]e %e (f]s ! spectacle ( a *aos ( 
incoh]5t doctr9es1 "s true1 "s false1 "s
 or?odox1  o!rs h]etical1 "s pi\s1 o!rs 

mon/r\sly wick$1 b all  tol]at$ out (   
respect = ! g5ius ( ! individuals :o    
took ! pa9s to inv5t !m2 all publicly & 
peaceably taught  b5ea? ! /&>d ( !      
,?irty-n9e ,articles4 ,le pavilion      
c\vre la m>*&ise4    ,:ile s _m great   
s]vants ( ,god & 8 poor1 v5]at$ &       
bless$ ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( ,*ri/5dom1 adorn$
 ! ,roman  ,*ur*1 un=tunate ,engl&1 %ut 
up 9 its isl& & /ill  clos] imprison$ by
 an atroci\s religi\s p]secution1 saw   
g5]ations ( h] *ildr5 gr[ up 9 hate1    
contempt1 & horror  ( pop]y & papi/s4 ,e
 s\rce ( education1 all ! pulpits  ( !  
,anglican ,*ur*1 all books all[$ to be  
publi%$1 help$  to keep up ?is _s (     
ignorant & bigot$ hate aga9/ !  *ur* (  
,god4    ,:ile ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul1 t   
great re=m] ( ! cl]gy &  sa9tly f\nd] ( 
_w-wide works ( *>ity1 prep>$1  toge!r )
 s _m o!r apo/olic m51 ! glory &        
prosp]ity ( our pres5t great age2 9     
sanctify+ ! family1  div9ely in/itut$ z 
! practical s*ool ( social virtues2 9   
ar\s+ a _s ( g5]\s devotion & sacrifice 

:i* l$  m5 to com=t all =ms ( mis]y &   
reconcile ri* &  poor--^? bre?r5 s      
easily made enemies--,engl& 0  depriv$ (
 all h] religi\s ord]s1 consecrat$ 9 =m]
 times  to ! s]vice ( ! poor & ! sick1  
to ! education (  y\?1 to ! /ubborn     
labors ( sci5ce1 to ! contemplation (   
div9e ?+s1 to ! crucifi$ life1 ! life ( 
pray]1 !  life ( ! s\l1 aga9/ :i* ! _w  
blasphemes because x  _c compreh5d x4   
,%e lo/ ! bless+s ( a celibate  cl]gy3  
%e 0 despoil$ ( ! sacr$ patrimony ( !   
poor by  h] k+ & lords1 :o di/ribut$ x  
among !mselves1 toge!r  ) ! great] "p ( 
! weal? ( ! *ur*1 z ! enemy's  spoils   
are divid$ & %>$ aft] a victory4 7,we   
int5d to be  polite47 ,engl& beheld !   
w\nd ( paup]ism op5 wid] ea*  day1 &    
f\nd h]self =c$ to h rec\rse to !       
poor-tax1  unhe>d ( 9 old ,ca?olic      
times4 ,)9 h] b\nd>ies w be  f\nd to-day
 an excessive weal? 9 face ( pov]ty     
unkn[n  else:]e4 ,by ! con/ant progress 
( sci5ce & indu/ry1  ma*9e labor t5ds to
 replace ! labor ( ! individual1 &      

self-aggr&izem5t dim9i%es wages 9       
proportion z x augm5ts  ! daily task ( !
 workman4 ,:at a h>ve/ w\ld be (f]$ to  
! works ( ,ca?olic *>ity if h] div9e    
activity 7 only  !re to replace !       
horrible workh\ses :]e s\ls are  )]+ &  
dy+6 ,we yet h 9 ,france & else:]e !    
money ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul 9 an        
innum]able numb] ( works (  *>ity truly 
,*ri/ian1 & t enables u to live )\t     
tax+ ! poor4    #bfe    ,su* are !      
diff]5t pa?s :i* ! ,roman & ,anglican   
,*ur*  h foll[$ s9ce ! deplorable s*ism 
( ,h5ry ,,viii41 r5ew$  & aggravat$ "u  
,elizabe?4 ,if be=e 8 dea? ,h5ry ,,viii4
  _h rep5t$ ( 8 wick$ attack ^u ! *ur*1 
:at w\ld he  h be5 oblig$ to d to       
reconcile himself ) ,rome8 ,he w\ld  h  
ne$$ only to return to t pr(ession (    
fai? :i* he  made 9 8 book aga9/ ,lu!r4 
,s9ce ! beg9n+ ( !  ,anglican s*ism1 &  
at any po9t ( its successive v>iations1 
any ,engli%man1 to return to ! bosom ( !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*1  w\ld h no?+ to d b to 
return to t same pr(ession1  con=mable 9

 e po9t to ! pr(ession ( fai? ( ,pius   
,,iv4  ,?is is :at has be5 done 9 our   
own day by ,fa!r ,sp5c]1  ,ar*bi%op     
,mann+1 ,fa!rs ,newman & ,fab]1 ,palm] &
  ,wilb]=ce1 & a ho/ ( o!rs1 em95t = _! 
virtues1  _! k1 _! public & private "*1 
:om no  ,engli%man capable ( appreciat+ 
! m]it ( sacrifices made  = ,god & 9    
fidelity to consci5ce c "n )\t respect  
& pride4    ,b possibly "s ( our read]s 
may be a/oni%$ t we insi/  s /rongly ^u 
! book writt5 by ,h5ry ,,viii41 = x     
might  seem t ! %ameful life ( ! au?or  
reflects discr$it ^u  ! "w4 ,let u n be 
mi/ak54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :5 ,h5ry       
,,viii4 wrote aga9/ ,lu!r1 he 0 v f> f  
be+ !  mon/] ( iniquity :i* he became   
aft]w>d1 & ^: hi/ory  ,i leave to !     
sev]e judgm5t ( a ,*ri/ian ,tacitus4    
,aga91 x  is important to und]/& t ,h5ry
 ,,viii4 0 n ! sole  au?or ( ?is monum5t
 ( 8 =m] fai? re>$ by 8 h&  f\rte5 ye>s 
be=e 8 apo/asy4 ,! univ]sal judgm5t (   
critics has always attribut$ ! m solid  
"p ( ! "w1 at  lea/1 to ,john ,fi%]1    

,bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 :o assum$  o/5sibly   
all ! responsibility ( x 9 ! public     
def5ce he  made ( x4    ,?us we see1 on 
! "o h&1 ,h5ry ,,viii41 :o1 aft] putt+  
=? 8 "w ) s mu* o/5tation1 beli$ x )\t  
%ame  & /rove to mutilate x2 &1 on !    
o!r1 ,john ,fi%]1 :o  plants x ^u !     
immovable rock :]e he _h tak5 8 place1  
& ) glori\s magnanimity sacrifices 8    
life to def5d x  ,?is is ! *oice (f]$4  
,he :o returns to ! anci5t fai?  ( ,h5ry
 ,,viii4 sep>ates himself f ! tyrant & !
  murd]]1 & jo9s himself to ! company ( 
8 victim4 ,he  ranks himself beside !   
glori\s m>tyr :o1 dur+ ! second  half ( 
,k+ ,h5ry's reign1 01 ( all ! episcopate
 (  ,engl&1 ! only gu>dian left (       
,engli% honor1 & ! la/  *ampion ( !     
lib]ty ( consci5ce4    ,an unwelcome    
tru?1 b a h>d fact4 ,9 #aeba1 at ! "t ( 
!  publication ( ! k+'s book aga9/      
,lu!r1 ! :ole ,engli%  episcopate mo/   
und\bt$ly believ$ 9 ! primacy ( ! pope  
) ,fi%]1 ) ,h5ry ,,viii41 ) all !       
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 &  9 no s5se believ$ 9 !

 spiritual supremacy ( ! k+4 ,!n  !re 0 
unity & unanimity1 & ! pres5t & pa/ (   
,engl& 7 9 h>mony4 ,b 9 #aecd ! k+      
*anges 8  doctr9e1 & ) him ! :ole       
episcopate & p>liam5t4 ,"o  ,engli%     
bi%op only 0 f\nd to display ! firmness 
( a ,basil1  a ,hil>y1 an ,a?anasius1 an
 ,ambrose1 a ,*ryso/om1 a ,lanfranc1 an 
,anselm1 an ,edw>d1 a ,?omas (          
,cant]bury4 ,! numb] ( !  c[>ds does b  
make ! immortal beauty ( ! contra/ %9e  
out ) ! great] spl5dor4 ,h[ _m r\gh     
/ones are n  ?r[n toge!r pell-mell 9 _! 
%apelessness & obscurity1  to =m !      
f\ndation ( ! p$e/al ( "o *os5 /one1    
c>v$ ) ! sublime inspiration ( g5ius by 
! *isel ( a  ,mi*ael ,angelo1 to become 
! /atue ( a great man6    #bff    ,if   
,john ,fi%]1 l ! h]oic ,?omas ,m1 _h n !
 support  ( 8 own nation1 he _h t ( all 
,*ri/5dom4 ,yes1 !  monum5t ( ,john     
,fi%] is wor?y to become ! rally+ po9t (
  e g5]\s-he>t$ ,*ri/ian ,engli%man1 :o 
ard5tly looks  = ! realization ( !      
promise & de>e/ wi% ( our common        

,r$eem] & ,savi\r1 ,jesus ,*ri/--,!re   
%all be "o flock &  "o ,%eph]d4    ,)   
:at indescribable emotion ! he>t ( an   
,engli%man mu/  beat :51 aft] a long    
int]ior combat ) s _m prejudices  9 :i* 
he has be5 nurtur$1 he at la/ breaks !  
*a9s (  8 slav]y1 & :51 feel+ himself   
free ) t lib]ty  :i* only a ,ca?olic c  
feel1 he cries out3 ,i'll d x3 ,i       
abjure ! s*ism ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 ! cre$ (
 ,cranm] &  ,p>k]2 ,i w g back to ! fai?
 ( ,john ,fi%]6    ,su*1 d\btless1 7 !  
s5tim5ts ( ! pi\s & le>n$  ,rob]t       
,wilb]=ce :5 he return$ to ! bosom ( !  
holy  ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,8 words1 s s]i\s1
 s m>k$ by ! ard5t  love ( tru?1 s t\*+ 
9 _! tone ( respect & frat]nal  *>ity = 
8 adv]s>ies1 fall ^u our e>s 9 acc5ts ( 
maje/ic solemnity z !y e*o back to u f !
 dep?s ( !  tomb4 ,?is is :at 8 h& has  
writt5 ^: memory is en%r9$  9 ! noble/  
he>ts3      ,:5 national di/9ctions     
cease to exi/1 & mank9d1 small    &     
great1 are assembl$ be=e ,god1 x w be   
se5 :e!r x    0 wis]1 l ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 

8 m9ion ,cromwell1 to break    up !     
,*ur* ,ca?olic = ! sake ( rul+ x1 or1 l 
,m    & ,fi%]1 to die = its unity4      
--------          ,sev5ty-?ree4      ,be
 m]ry z ,may1      ,if y want to be     
,z m]ry & gay1      ,at sev5ty-?ree4    
,to be m]ry & gay      ,?\gh1 at        
sev5ty-?ree1    ,argues ,life's primal  
,may      ,sp5t virtu\sly4          ,t4 
,k4      --------            #bfg       
,a ,w+$ ,^w4        ,o p[] ( life & dea?
       ,9 ! tongue6 z ! prea*] sai?4    
,mr4 ,basil ,&rew paus$ 9 writ+ & held 8
 p5 susp5d$1  8 brea? also slightly 9   
susp5se1 z he contemplat$ 8  subject    
anew4 ,he _h be5 review+ a !ological "w 
j  publi%$2 b 8 ?\ghts _h develop$ z he 
dwelt on !m1  & 7 no long] a plan1 b !  
torso ( a plan4    ,he sat l "o 9 a     
trance :ile ! new idea grew2 grew sl[ly1
  almo/ pa9fully1 seem+ to f9d scant    
room 9 8 bra91 albeit  8 br[s 7 wide4   
,t\*es f ! utmo/ limits ( 8 nature  & 8 
exp]i5ce %ap$ & modifi$ x3 ! swell (    
feel+  ) ! ray ( intellect t rul$ its   

tide2 vague emotions &  vagu]           
speculations1 9 ^: mi/s sp>ks ( tru? 7  
dissipat$1 f ^: sudd5 meet+ _h sometimes
 sprung !  electric fla% ( intellig5ce2 
aspirations t _h climb$  _! ,jacob's    
ladd]1 reason fix+ ! r\nds till !       
climb]s  took w+s1 & dazzl$ h] ) _!     
transfigur$ faces2  fragm5ts ( k h>d &  
%>p-edg$2 /ray conclusions  f9d+ _!     
premises1 & /ray premises _!            
conclusions--mallet & h&le = bl[s--all  
work+ ! %ape  till !re x /ood 9 8 bra91 
! p]fect =m ( a tru?4    ,"o in/ant he  
contemplat$ x ) rapture1 :ile x gl[$    
alive "u 8 gaze2 ! next1 he look$ outw>d
 & p]ceiv$  its relations ) ! _w4 ,z he 
did s1 a wave ( color swept  ov] 8 face2
 &1 he>t fail+1 t =m 0 no long] to him  
a liv+ tru?1 b ! /atue ( a tru?4    ,i  
might h kn[n1 he mutt]$1 fl++ 8 p5      
aside1 =  me1 at lea/1 'all roads lead  
to ,rome4' ,i believe ,i am  bewit*$4   
,) t flu% /ill ^u 8 face1 he roll$ up ! 
unf9i%$  manuscript1 & delib]ately laid 
x on ! coals t burn$  r$ly 9 ! grate1   

:]e x quiv]$ l a s5ti5t ?+4 ,"o  might  
fancy t ! ?\ghts j w>m f 8 bra9 /ill    
reta9$ "s cl++ s5sation1 tell+ :]e _!   
re/ _h  be51 z1 /epp+ a%ore1 = a :ile we
 cont9ue to feel !  motion ( ! sea on   
:i* we h be5 toss+4 ,!n ! edges  ( !    
leaves black5$1 sl5d] f+]s ( flame /ole 
ov]  !m1 op5$ !m out1 drew ru/l+ leaf f 
leaf1 scor*+  !m1 till "o s5t5ce />t$   
out vivid z lightn+ on a  cl\d1 t s5t5ce
 on :i* he _h paus$1 f9d+ x n a         
conclusion1 b an indication4 ,!n a /rong
 draught caught !  yet quiv]+ c9d]s &   
c>ri$ !m up ! *imney4    ,!re !y g 9 a  
swirl1 l ,dante's gho/s1 he ?\ght2 &    
turn$ away to look out into ! nor?-ea/]n
 /orm t1 hav+  bru%$ ! bloom f a crimson
 sunris+1 0 n[1 at  aft]noon1 ru%+ 9 p[]
 ov] ! city4 ,! air 0 ?ick )  sn[1 ?r\gh
 :i*1 f> al(t1 d>k objects occasionally 
sail$  ) ! w9d-wit*es1 probably4 ,pass]s
 /ruggl$ 9 w9d &  drift1 & ! h\ses seem$
 n sure ( _! foot+1 & _h a  =lorn &     
smo!r$ aspect4 ,b ,mr4 ,&rew p]ceiv$ )  
satisfaction t ! mansion 9 :i* he dwelt 

ma9ta9$ its  dignifi$ d[ag] port1 & t1  
if ev] a fea!ry drift  presum$ to alight
 on ! door/eps1 an obsequi\s little     
flirt  ( w9d d>t$ r\nd a corn] ( ! h\se 
& :isk$ x (f4    #bfh    ,:ile !        
g5tleman /ood !re1 ! door ( ! room op5$ 
=  ! fir/ "t 9 ?ree h\rs1 & ,miss       
,madele9e1 ,mrs4 ,hayw>d's  niece1 came 
9 ) a book 9 h] h&4 ,he wat*$ h] z %e   
cross$ ! room )\t notic+ him1 &1 :5 %e  
_h seat$  h]self at ano!r w9d[1 he      
brea!d out1 ,h[ sweet is  solitude6     
speak+ 9 "o ( ^? cl\dy1 gold5 voices1   
su* a  voice z might h swept ov] ! *ords
 ( ,david's h>p :5  ,david sang4    ,!  
lady look$ up1 bright5+ = an in/ant z   
?\gh %one  ^u4 ,!n %e op5$ h] book1 &   
,mr4 ,&rew return$ to 8  table & read   
also4 ,& !re 0 sil5ce = ano!r h\r4      
,mr4 ,basil ,&rew 0 9 p]son r sup]b1    
tall till he b5t  slightly ) a languid  
grace1 :i* also hung ab\t 8 motions  & 8
 spee*4 ,b :5 he 0 excit$1 ^! mi/s 7    
scor*$ up4 ,!n he grew erect z a        
palm-tree1 ! n l>ge b  beautifully %ap$ 

eyes fla%$ out _! cry/all9e blue1 &     
delicate l9es trembl$ or h>d5$ 9 m\? &  
no/ril4 ,!n1  too1 x appe>$ t ^? tones (
 8 c\ld r+ z well z  melt4 ,if x be true
 t s\l is ! =m1 & do? ! body  make1 !   
philosophical read] may be able to guess
 ! %ape (  8 nose & *94 ,lavat] w\ld h  
pron\nc$ favorably  conc]n+ 8 intellect 
f see+ only t significant in*  across ! 
br[s4 ,9 color he 0 :ite & flax5-hair$1 
b  _h "s indef9able gl[ ab\t him1 l a   
pale object se5 9 a  w>m light4    ,mr4 
,&rew at ?irty-five ye>s ( age f\nd     
himself 9 t  pause ( life :i*1 9 natures
 too well pois$ = viol5t  reaction1     
comes betwe5 ! disgu/ ( unsatisfy+      
pursuit &  ! adoption ( high] aims1 or !
 disda9ful &  half-despair+ resumption (
 ! =m] life4 ,he await$ !  inspir+      
circum/ance :i* %\ld waft him hi!r or   
?i!r1  or p]haps = 8 s\l to ga!r itself 
& make its own w  ! w9d's w1 :i*ev]     
might be m pot5tial4 ,p5d+ ?is          
afflatus1 int]ior or ext]ior1 he re/$ ^u
 life      ,z idle z a pa9t$ %ip     ,^u

 a pa9t$ ocean4    ,miss ,madele9e 0 a  
well en\gh "y woman1 baptiz$ into !     
*ur*1 b f an e>ly age subject$ to       
,prote/ant influ5ces2  oscillat+ betwe5 
! two1 nev] v conspicu\sly ,ca?olic     
except :5 ! fai? 0 assail$1 !n plus     
,arabe que  l',arabie2 at o!r times     
foll[+ out ,prote/antism to its         
ultimate pan!ism4 ,%e _h a dimly        
rememb]$ fa!r & "m  some:]e 9 *ur*      
suff]+ or triumphant1 & occasionally1   
:5 life seem$ to h] un/able1 %e s5t out 
a little pray]  = or to !m1 a pray] too 
weak to f9d olive-leaves4 ,?is  "y woman
 0 n )\t p[]1 b x escap$ 9 rev]ie &     
dream+2 :at %e meant to d s vividly     
imag9$ t %e  re/$ !re z on accompli%$   
"w4 ,too impetu\s & flimsily  ambiti\s  
to ?9k ) pr(it1 h] m9d 0 encumb]$ )     
fragm5ts ( ?\ght1 (t5 ) a sp>kle 9 !m1 l
 !  brok5 sn[-cry/als %e n[ dropp$ h]   
book to wat*4 ,9 f9e1  h] out] life 0 a 
purposeless /upor1 h] inn] life "o (    
,c>lyle's en*ant$ nightm>es 9 m9iature4 
#bfi    ,z ! clock /ruck f\r1 ,mr4 ,&rew

 clos$ 8 book &  approa*$ 8 companion4  
,i h be5 read+ ,?oreau's description (  
autumn woods1 %e  said1 & ,i feel all   
color$4 ,i am /eep$ 9 crimson1 &        
purple1 & amb]1 & ri* tawny br[ns4 ,my  
eyes are violet1 &  my hair is gold54   
,y\r hair is br[n1 & y\r eyes are gray1 
0 !  matt]-(-fact reply1 x be+ ,mr4     
,&rew's op9ion t !  girl's m9d ne$$     
balla/4    ,:at book h y !re8 %e ask$1  
settl+ into place4    ,oh6 j aw>e he    
/ill held x1 x is ,fa!r de ,ravignan's  
,society & ,in/itute ( ! ,jesuits--v    
good if "o  desires in=mation on !      
subject4 ,moreov]1 "o is *>m$ to  le>n t
 ,pre de ,ravignan1 ?\gh himself a      
,jesuit1 has be5 a  magi/rate & a man ( 
8 "t2 also t he is /ill a man1  &1 p>   
excell5ce1 a ,fr5*man4 ,! good fa!r     
becomes  a little ,hugoi% & /accato :5  
he ref]s to himself4    ,s9ce %e /ill   
wait$1 wat*+ him ) eag]1 imp]ative eyes1
  he w5t on4 ,y "k ! /ory ( ! ,flor5t9e 
& ,g5oese :o  wi%$ to complim5t ea* o!r3
 ',if ,i 7 n a ,g5oese1 ,i  %\ld wi% to 

be a ,flor5t9e1' said "o4 ',& ,i1' said 
!  o!r1 'if ,i 7 n a ,flor5t9e1 %\ld wi%
 to be--' ',a  ,g5oese6' sugge/$ ! o!r4 
',no1 a ,flor5t9e6' ,s ,i1 if ,i  7 n a 
free-?9k]1 w\ld wi% to be--    ,a       
,ca?olic6 ! girl broke 94 ,don't d5y4 ,y
 already tire (  y\r ,!odore ,p>k]1 ^:  
intellect 0 to him :at a/ronom]s  call a
 cr[n ( ab]ration4 ,y h b to look at !  
*ur*1  & fai? is easy6 ,h[ beautiful are
 ?y /eps1 ,o pr9ce's  daught]6    ,v    
pretty1 b n v conclusive1 0 ! cool      
comm5t4  ,y once said to me1 ',epi!ts   
are n argum5ts4' ,all[ me to  retort t  
apo/rophes are n argum5ts4 ,by ! way1 h[
  impossible x is to calculate on :]e y 
may be f\nd1 except  t x is sure to be  
'9 issimo4' ,! arc ( y\r motion  takes 9
 bo? poles4    ,miss ,madele9e relaps$  
aga9 imm$iately1 & ) a some:at  we>y    
expression4    ,at ! same mom5t ! door  
op5$ wide1 & ,mrs4 ,hayw>d  ent]$1      
produc+ ! effect ( be+ prec$$ by a b& ( 
music4 ,?is lady ( fifty 0 ample1 ru/l+1
 & complac5t1  &1 be+ lymphatic1 0 call$

 dignifi$4 ,if1 on be+ left a  wid[ 9   
/rait5$ circum/ances1 & f9d+ h]self     
oblig$ to  take a few bo>d]s1 ,mrs4     
,hayw>d _h felt any s5se (  dim9i%$     
social lu/re1 no "o _h p]ceiv$ x4 ,!y   
pay my  h\sekeep+ exp5ses1 %e said      
s]5ely2 & imm$iately t  seem$ ! end ( _!
 be+4    ,!re is some?+ impos+ 9 ! suave
 conceit ( su* p]sons4  ,possess+       
!mselves s completely1 !y also possess  
^? :o  approa* !m1 aba%+ l>g] & m sl[ly 
rip5+ natures4  ,names respectfully     
pron\nc$ by !m become at once names (   
consequ5ce1 & trivial incid5ts by !m    
relat$ swell into  significant ev5ts4   
,if !y are some?+1 !n ,i am no?+1 is  ! 
?\ght ) :i* we approa* !m2 & ! fact t !y
  are some?+ seems s cle> t ! mortify+  
conclusion is  inevitable4    ,aft] ?is 
lady foll[$ ,mrs4 ,blake1 obvi\sly !    
wife ( ,mr4  ,blake1 also ! "m ( an     
upro>i\s boy ( six ye>s :o  accompani$  
h]1 & :o 0 at ?is mom5t quiet$ by !     
possession ( an enorm\s cake :i* he 0   
dev\r+4    #bgj    ,o ! *]ub6 cri$ ,miss

 ,madele9e wick$ly4 ,t *ild has  g5ius4 
,see1 he eats 8 cake 9 ! epical mann]1  
beg9n+ 9  ! middle4 ,little pocket      
edition ( 8 papa6 ,only1 9 an aside  to 
h] aunt1 ,i hope !y hav5't /]eotyp$ him4
 ,& "h comes  8 papa n[4    ,a bang ( ! 
/reet-door1 & ent] ,mr4 ,blake1 rubb+ 8 
h&s1 & quot+1      ',x is n t my lot is 
l[1    ,t bids ! sil5t te> to fl[2'    x
 is ! cold4 ,no1 my son2 no kiss n[4    
,sydney ,smi? says t  !re is no         
affection beyond sev5ty or bel[ tw5ty   
degrees  ,fahr5heit4 ,wait till ,i rise 
to ! pat]nal temp]ature4    ,mr4 ,blake 
0 assi/ant editor ( a second-class      
magaz9e1  consid]$ himself lit]>y1 & _h 
a way ( say+ we  scribbl]s to ,mr4      
,&rew1 :i* made t g5tleman /iff5        
slightly4 ,:ile ! "o ent]ta9$ ! ladies )
 an acc\nt (  ! imm5se am\nt ( lit]>y   
labor p]=m$ by him s9ce  breakfa/1 ! o!r
 look$ f ! w9d[ & abs5tly wat*$  ! wild 
w9d curl itself to edge (f ! cre/ ( a   
drift1  curl+ x ov] l ! petal ( a       
tub]ose1 b m ?9ly1  hang+1 wav]+1 flake 

to flake1 da9tily & airily t\*+  ! frail
 cry/als4    ,oh6 !re's to be a great   
,*ri/mas at y\r ca!dral  to-morr[1 ,mr4 
,blake said to ,madele9e1 z !y w5t out  
to  d9n]4 ,bassoon's go+ to s+1 &       
,kohn's or*e/ra to play4  ,x w be wor?  
see+ & he>+1 especially at five o'clock4
  ,i mean to g if ,i c wake4 ,& y8      
,yes1 ,madele9e said1 glanc+ at ,mr4    
,&rews1 :o flu%$ a  little z he nodd$   
acquiesc5ce4    ',similia similibus     
curantur1' he ?\ght4 ,i'll g & get      
cur$4    ,!y really d ?+s ( t sort well 
at ! ca!dral1 said  ,mrs4 ,hayw>d       
patroniz+ly1 seem+ to pat a p]sonifi$   
ca!dral on ! head z %e s(tly t\*$ !     
table ) h]  plump :ite h&4    ,madele9e 
groan$ inw>dly4    ,mr4 ,&rew1 %e said1 
:at %\ld put me 9 m9d ( ! frog  t tri$  
to swell to ! size ( an ox8    ,mr4     
,&rew f\nd himself unable to guess4     
,b w\ldn't x h be5 odd1 %e pursu$1 ) !  
air ( a  philosophical *ild1 if ! frog  
_h succe$$1 & _h swell$  to ! size ( an 
ox8    ,mr4 ,&rew admitt$ t x w\ld h be5

 a ph5om5on4    ,b1 %e conclud$1 ) an   
air ( infantile naivet1  x w\ldn't h be5
 any?+ b a great frog1 w\ld x8    ,my   
de>1 :at are y talk+ ab\t8 said h] aunt4
 ,pray eat  y\r d9n]4    ,*ri/mas-eve is
 a fa/-day ( obligation1 says ,madele9e4
    ,a little rais+ ( ?ree pairs (      
eyebr[s fann$ ! flame4  ,?is "y woman _h
 a tongue ( h] own1 & :ile ! o!rs  d9$  
%e ent]ta9$ !m ) a !ological disc\rse1  
:i*1  if n always logical1 _h "s tell+  
po9ts1 & :i*  c]ta9ly did n assi/ !     
dige/ion ( h] he>]s4 ,!y sat  ) v r$    
faces1 *ok+ a little1 b try+ to appe>   
indiff]5t4    ,d p take bitt]s ) _!     
d9n]8 ask$ ,mr4 ,&rew1 at  l5g?4 ,i %\ld
 ?9k x w\ld spoil ! ta/e4    ,i mu/ say1
 ,madele9e1 ,mrs4 ,hayw>d int]pos$1 t1  
consid]+ y address ,prote/ants1 & t we  
are all fri5ds  ( y\rs1 y %[ v little   
reg>d = our feel+s4    #bga    ,! be/ ?+
 t c\ld h be5 said4 ,madele9e melt$ at  
once4    ,o auntie6 %e cri$ p5it5tly1 'x
 is n t ,i love ,caes>  less1 b ,rome   
m4' ,i own t x is y :o h %[n !  ,*ri/ian

 _s1 & rem9d$ me t c5turies ago to-night
 !  angels sang ',peace on e>?4' ,i'm   
go+ to bani% myself 9  disgrace to !    
p>lor4 ,re/ y m]ry4    ,go+1 into !     
p>lor1 %e saw all out-doors suffus$ ) a 
s(t rose-color1 a blu% s t5d] &         
evanesc5t t x seem$  ev]y:]e b :]e ! eye
 re/$4 ,! sky side ( ?is /orm  is all a 
sea ( fire1 %e ?\ght1 ?r[+ up ! w9d[1 & 
draw+ 9 a delici\s brea? ( m+l$ sun%9e1 
we/ w9d1 &  fro/4 ,h[ ! cl\ds melt6 ,& !
 w9ds & sunbeams1 )  _! convex gleams1  
build up ! blue dome ( ! air4    ,com+ 9
 lat]1 ! o!rs f\nd h] sitt+ at ! piano 9
 !  ame?y/9e twilight1 & s++ a fa9t &   
f>-away s\nd+  ,gloria4    ,hu%6 said   
,mr4 ,blake1 paus+ on ! ?re%old1 ! ev5+ 
/>s h begun1 t ! morn+ />s may "k4 ,see 
!m all  ( a tremor on t sky6    ,li/5+  
to ^? /ra9s ( ?read$ silv]1 ,mr4 ,&rew  
sat  look+ into ! twilight ?r\gh :i* !  
gr&]  con/ellations burn$ ) outl9es     
unblurr$ by ! less]  />s4 ,!re 0 ,orion1
 erect1 ) 8 girdle ( worlds2 ,taurus1  )
 />r$ horns l[]$2 ! ,dogs1 witness$ to  

by ! liquid  brilliance ( ,sirius1      
mat*less 9 %ift+ hues2 ! ,lion1 j  com+ 
out ( ! ,ea/1 8 great paw re/+ on !     
ecliptic2  all ^? hi]oglyphs ( fire 9   
:i* ,god has writt5 8  autograph ^u !   
heav5s4    ,:at a pretty my? x 01 he    
?\ght1 t ( !  morn+-/>s s++ toge!r4 ,& t
 o!r ( ! /> (  ,be?lehem6 ,he half-wi%$ 
he c\ld believe ^? ?+s1 !y  sav$ s mu*  
we>y ?\ght1 s mu* madd5+ speculation4   
,sometimes1 :ile /ra9+ to grasp at      
extraord9>y k1  he _h felt z ?\gh fall+ 
f a giddy height into an out]  d>kness1 
& _h drawn back %udd]+1 eag] to cat* at 
"s  homely fact = support4 ,he smil$ n[ 
mock+ly to himself4  ,p]haps ! />s did  
s+4 ,l a *ild1 ,i'm go+ to make  believe
 !y did1 & t "o 'h&maid lamp' did att5d 
!  bir? ( ,jesus4 ,x 0 easi] to believe 
any?+ :ile he  li/5$ to t ,gloria4 ,=1  
disreg>d$ z ,miss ,madele9e might  be at
 o!r times1 :5 %e sang %e 0 regnant4 ,h]
 voice 0  magnetic en\gh to draw ! l9ks 
f any man's logic4    ,ceas+1 %e call$  
,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,blake to ! piano1 & !     

?ree voices sang ,milton's ,hymn on !   
,nativity4    ,x is a/oni%+ h[          
magnific5tly "s small-s\l$ p]sons d     
contrive to s+1 express+ s5tim5ts :i* !y
 mu/ be  totally incapable ( exp]i5c+4  
,mrs4 ,blake sang a sup]b  contralto1 & 
! ?ree p]fect voices /ruck fire f "o    
li/5]'s he>t z !y beat ! emphatic rhy?m 
( t  maje/ical measure4    ,all b ,miss 
,madele9e w5t to b$ e>ly4 ,%e kept      
vigil1 & 0  to call !m4 ,!y seem$       
sc>cely to h slept :5 !y he>d  h] voice 
r+ up ! /airs 9 ! muezz9 :i* %e         
*ri/ianiz$ = ! occasion1 be+ 9 no mood  
to call ,mohamm$  a prophet3      ,great
 is ! ,"l6 ,great is ! ,"l6     ,i be>  
witness t !re is no ,god b ! ,"l6     ,i
 be> witness t ,jesus is ! ,son ( ,god6 
,come unto pray]--come unto happ9ess--  
,great is ! ,"l6 ,great is ! ,"l6       
,!re is no ,god b ! ,"l6     ,pray] is  
bett] ?an sleep--pray] is bett] ?an     
sleep6    #bgb    ,z ! la/ ^w di$ ^u !  
air1 e foot t\*$ ! floor1  & 9 half an  
h\r ! p>ty _h ga!r$ z wild z wit*es4    

,mr4 ,&rew came d[n late & grumbl+4 ,_c 
we he> music  & see c&les )\t gett+ out 
( b$ = ! purpose at  su* une>?ly h\rs8  
,i _h j gone to sleep1 & 0 9  ,elysium4 
,miss ,madele9e1 :y %\ld y say t pray]  
is bett]  ?an sleep8 ,we are n go+ to   
pray2 we are go+ to he>                 
demi-semi-quav]s1 & ,mr4 ,bassoon's ,c 9
 ! deeps4 ,i'll g to  b$ aga94          
,possibly we may pray1 ,mr4 ,&rew1 %e   
said 9 a l[ tone4 ,i  h be5 ?9k+        
to-night1 & x seems to me t ,god _h a   
,son1 & t he w come d[n ?is morn+ & /& 9
 !  mid/ ( ! c&les4    ,a ,ca?olic1     
unless a conv]t1 c sc>cely und]/& !     
emotions ( a /rang] :o ent]s a *ur* = ! 
fir/ "t on  "o ( our great fe/ivals4 ,t 
cool1 silv] %ock mu/ be  tak5 f ano!r   
elem5t4 ,our p>ty /epp$ f ! dim &  fro/y
 />light into an illum9ation m dazzl+   
?an  daylight1 into a w>m? t 0 fragrant 
) fl[]s1 into a  cr[d :]e e face _h a   
smile dissolv$ 9 x4 ,& ov] all  wav$ a  
sp>kl+ tissue ( viol9 music f ! or*e/ra4
    ,by ,george6 0 ,mr4 ,blake's only   

audible comm5t4    ,x is l ! ,arabian   
,nights6 exclaim$ 8 wife4    ,turns up !
 ma/odon /rata 9 !m1 :isp]$ ,mr4 ,&rew  
to  ! lady on 8 arm4    ,!y 7 %[n to    
seats1 & sat wat*+ ! /eadily  increas+  
cr[d1 & ! alt> t 0 a pyramid ( fire4 ,! 
wor%ipp]s 71 ( c\rse1 v>i\s3 ragg$ ,iri%
 wom51 ^:  fai? inve/$ !m ) bett] ?an   
clo? ( gold2 ri* ladies1  sweep+ 9      
velvets & sables1 b ) ?\ghts ( bett]    
?+s 9 _! faces2 ambiti\s work+-girls1   
f9] ?an _!  mi/resses4 ,a pretty "y     
woman came into ! slip 9 front (  our   
p>ty1 h] face beautifully arrang$ to    
repres5t mode/y &  sweetness4 ,%e ca/ a 
glance beh9d at h] audi5ce1 !n sank  ^u 
h] knees & beat h] brea/ ) "o h&1 :ile  
%e  arrang$ h] bonnet-/r+s ) ! o!r4 ,?is
 p]=mance at  an end1 %e fac$ ab\t &    
closely scann$ ! gall]y1 turn+  aga9 &  
aga9 till ^? beh9d h] began to feel     
annoy$4    ,i d wi% he'd come6 said     
,madele9e impati5tly4    ,he has come1  
:isp]$ ,mr4 ,&rew1 z ! "y woman sudd5ly 
return$ t[>d ! alt>1 & began a s]ies (  

langui%+  attitudes & pro/rations1 all  
h] rep]toire (  !atrical devotion4    ,a
 gr&-look+ man next attract$ _!         
att5tion1 walk+ pa/  ) ! unmi/akable    
sailor roll4 ,8 head 0 erect1 & 8       
massive %\ld]s look$ fit = ,atlas       
burd5s2 b ! cle>1  blue eyes 7 g5tle1 & 
8 face 0 full ( a beautiful  solemnity &
 rev]5ce4 ,z he walk$1 ! long1 tawny    
be>d  fl[+ d[n 8 brea/ wav$ slightly4   
,madele9e gave ,mr4 ,&rew's arm a       
delight$ squeeze1 &  :isp]$1      ',) _m
 a tempe/ _h 8 be>d be5 %ak54'    ,fancy
 him on ! %ip's deck1 9 mid-ocean1 9    
d>kness &  /orm1 beat5 by ! w9d1 dr5*$ )
 spray1 ! lightn+s  blaz+ & ! ?und]s    
cra%+ ab\t him1 %\t+ to ! m5  to cut !  
ma/ away6    #bgc    ,"h ! organ & *oir 
broke =? 9 glad acclaim1 & !  procession
 came w9d+ 9 f ! sacri/y4 ,clo? ( gold &
  clo? ( silv]1 lace & f9e l951 &       
crimson & purple1 all  comb9$1 gave !   
effect ( a _m-jewell$ b& coil$ ab\t  !  
sanctu>y4    ,att5d+ alt]nately to !    
alt> & ! *oir1 ,mr4 ,&rew  tri$ to      

believe x all a va9 pageant2 b ?\ghts w 
ent]1  ?\gh ! doors be %ut4 ,:at a      
/up5d\s ?+1 he ?\ght1 if  ! ,real       
,pres5ce 7 true2 if1 z ?is girl said1   
,god _h a  ,son1 & he %\ld come d[n ?is 
morn+ & /& 9 ! mid/  ( ! c&les6    ,= "o
 in/ant he 0 dazzl$ & conf\nd$ by !     
possibility2  ! next1 he recoil$ f x4   
,gloria 9 excelsis sang ! *oir ) organ &
 or*e/ra 9  _m an involv$ & ?rill+ /ra91
 a pure melody spr++ up  "h & !re f !   
mid/1 voice & in/rum5t meet+ &  p>t+1   
cat*+ ! tone f ea* o!r1 swell+ till !   
vault$ ro( ( ! ca!dral rang1 fad+ aga91 
dropp+ away  "o aft] ano!r1 till !re 0  
left b a _m-ton$ sigh (  in/rum5ts1 & "o
 voice hang+ f> al(t1 ) a silv]y        
flutt]1 ^u a trill1 l a humm+-bird suck+
 ! sweetness  f t fl[] ( s\nd4 ,a pause 
( palpitat+ sil5ce1 !n  an am5 t set    
sw++ ! myrtle v9es hang+ ov] ! ,/4      
,cecilia 9 front ( ! organ1 & made !    
p5nons ( blue &  sc>let t hung ab\t !   
alt> wave on _! /&>ds4    ,contr>y to   
cu/om1 !re 0 to be a s]mon at t ,mass1  

&1  z ! prea*] asc5d$ ! pulpit1 ,mr4    
,&rew said to himself3  ,if ,*ri/ 0 !   
,son ( ,god1 he is on t alt>2 & if !re1 
,i wi% he w\ld speak to me by ?is man4  
,he hop$ to he> an argum5t to prove !   
div9ity ( ,*ri/1 n  aw>e t 8 reason _h  
already be5 pamp]$ ) su* until  x _h    
gr[n insol5t4 ,! speak]1 h[ev]1 h&l$ 8  
subject  q o!rwise4 ,assum+ t div9ity1  
he took = 8 !me1  :at ?\ghts %\ld fill !
 m9d1 :at s5tim5ts dilate !  he>t1 on ! 
fea/ ( ! ,nativity4 ,call+ up be=e !m   
!n1 9 a few words1 a picture ( t sc5e at
 once s humble  & s m>vell\s1 & po9t+ to
 ! my/]i\s babe1 he boldly  ann\nc$ on !
 ?re%old ( 8 disc\rse ! difficulties    
connect$ ) ! dogma = :i* he dem&$ _!    
homage3    ,?is babe is a creature z y &
 ,i3 ?is babe is ! ,creator  ( all      
cont+5t be+4 ,?is babe is j born2 ?is   
babe is  f all et]nity4 ,?is babe is    
conta9$ 9 ! mang]2 ?is  babe p]vades all
 space4 ,x suff]s3 he> its cries6 ,x    
enjoys  bliss beyond p[] ( augm5tation4 
,x is poor3 see !  swaddl+-clo!s6 ,to x 

belong ! treasures ( ! univ]se4  ,"h    
pres5t are husb& & wife2 yet ,i am      
requir$ to believe  t h] ! ,holy ,_s    
ov]%ad[$1 a virg9 conceiv$1 a  virg9    
bore a ,son4    ,n ,ulysses' arr[ flew  
?r\gh ! r+s ) sur]1 swift] aim  ?an ^!  
words ?r\gh ! w9d+ d\bts t _h b\nd t    
li/5]'s he>t4 ,x 0 too sublime n to be  
true6 ,almo/ !  triumphant p>adox--,i   
believe1 because x is impossible--broke 
f 8 lips4 ,! human m9d 0 incapable (    
inv5t+ a  falsity s glori\s4    ,9 t    
tumult ( feel+ he lo/ :at came next2 b1 
li/5+  aga91 he>d3 ,if ,i mu/ b[ d[n &  
wor%ip1 ,i elect him z !  object ( my   
adoration ^: dwell+ is 9 light          
inaccessible1  :o is inscrutable 9 8    
nature1 & incompreh5sible 9 8  works4   
,am56 said ,basil ,&rew4    #bgd    ,a  
virg9 conceiv$1 a virg9 bore a ,son1    
repeat$ itself aga9  & aga9 9 8 ?\ght4  
,all ! s++ ( voices & !  play+ (        
in/rum5ts 7 because ( t2 all ! spl5dor (
  ! fe/ival1 ! ga!r+ ( ! cr[d 9 ! mid/ (
 !  w9t] night1 7 = t4 ,o sweete/ & mo/ 

glori\s "m  9 all ! univ]se6 he ?\ght1  
b[+ :]e x is1 p]haps1  mo/ difficult = a
 conv]t to r5d] homage4    ,cl\ds are   
unsub/antial ?+s = any?+ b ra9b[s to  /&
 on1 & ev5 !y f9d b vani%+ foo?old4 ,_h 
t  delight 9 ,basil ,&rews's he>t w>m$  
only 8 imag9ation1 x  w\ld h fad$ ) !   
mom5t2 b ?\ght & /udy _h done  _! "p1 & 
t upris+ ( ! he>t 0 ,pygmalion's kiss   
to 8 /atue4 ,! feel+ ) :i* he turn$ to  
leave !  ca!dral 0 "o ( ?ankful cont5t )
 p]fect$ "w4    ,paus+ 9 ! ve/ibule = ! 
cr[d to pass1 he look$ back  ) a t5d]   
fe> t[>d ! alt>4    ,poor ,madele9e's   
religion 0 iris & ! cl\d4 ,%e _h kn[n   
well :at 0 go+ on 9 h] companion's m9d1 
&1 z %e /ood  wait+ ) him1 a text w5t   
sigh+ ?r\gh h] memory l a  sigh+ w9d4 ,i
 say unto y t ! k+dom ( ,god %all be    
tak5 f y1 & %all be giv5 to a nation    
yield+ !  fruits !re(4 ,:ile %e1 a *ild 
( ! *ur*1 _h giv5  x a fitful ob$i5ce m 
insult+ ?an a consi/5t disreg>d1  ?is   
man _h toil$ e /ep ( ! way f a f>-(f    
h]esy1  &1 pass+ by h] z %e loit]$      

outside1 _h walk$ into !  v p5etralia4  
,%e /ood look+ gloomily out into ! morn+
 t 0 "o  cl\dless gl[ ( pale gold4    ,!
 air has cry/alliz$ s9ce we came 91 %e  
said1 & we  are %ut inside a great gem1 
l flies 9 amb]4 ,we w h to  /ay "h =    
ev]4    ,he b5t a smil+ face t[>d h] z  
!y w5t out into !  morn+1 & said s(tly3 
,h[ beautiful are ?y /eps1 ,o  ,pr9ce's 
daught]6 ,y 7 "r1 ,madele9e6    ,a      
=tnight f t day ,madele9e ,hayw>d /ood  
on ! /eps (  h] aunt's h\se1 say+       
good-by to its inmates4 ,a ,s\!rn girl1 
! cold skies ( ! ,nor? froze h]4 ,%e    
want$ to get into a  w>m] sun%9e1 &1 be+
 prompt & det]m9$1 ob/acles  vani%$ be=e
 h]4    ,mr4 ,&rew1 %e said1 z he gave  
h] 8 arm to ! c>riage1  ,i am sorry ,i  
c't /ay to be y\r god-"m4    ,i w\ldn't 
h y1 he said4 ,i'm go+ to h my old      
nurse4    ,madele9e took h] seat 9 !    
c>riage1 gave a smil+ nod  t[>d ! gr\p 9
 ! door1 !n held a cold h& out to h]    
companion4    ,:5 y are a prie/1 & :5 y 
he> t ,i am dead1 say a  ,mass = me1 %e 

said fa9tly1 !n turn$ h] face resolutely
  away4    ,! viol5t color t _h ris5 to 
! g5tleman's face at h]  words fad$ into
 a pal5ess z he w5t up ! /eps4 ,by :at  
p[] did t girl sometimes div9e ! ?\ghts 
:i* he _h  n yet own$ to himself8    ,b 
%e 0 a prophetess4    --------    #bge  
,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,l4 ,vitet4      
,! ,pres5t ,condition ( ,*ri/ianity 9   
,france      ,"s "t ago ,m4 ,guizot     
publi%$ ! second s]ies ( 8  ,m$itations 
on ! ,*ri/ian ,religion4 ,he is n[      
prosecut+ "r valiantly1 & w ere long h  
complet$1  ! noble task t won = him two 
ye>s s9ce s novel a  triumph among 8 _m 
victories1 & cr[n$ 8 illu/ri\s  life )  
:at may be consid]$ its brighte/ glory4 
,t  calme/ & mo/ s]5e ( cre$s1 a lucid  
def9ition & summ>y  ( ! fundam5tal      
dogmas ( ,*ri/ianity1 view$ f !  highe/ 
/&-po9t1 9 all _! native simplicity &   
gr&eur1  0 greet$1 x w be rememb]$1 )   
gratitude by "s :o  look$ ^u x z furni%+
 mo/ timely aid1 & ) respect  & p>tial  
emb>rassm5t by o!rs2 & s m>k$ 0 its     

effect  t ! mo/ excit+ religi\s polemics
 7 = ! "t be+  quiet$4 ,! fir/ s]ies    
ref]r$ to ! v ess5ce ( !  ,*ri/ian      
religion2 :at is ! subject ( ! second8  
,! au?or1 9 8 preface1 _h ?us drawn !   
g5]al plan (  ! "w3 ,fir/1 ! ess5ce (   
,*ri/ianity1 next its hi/ory1  !n its   
pres5t condition1 &1 f9ally1 its future4
 ,?us a  complete hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 0
 really promis$ u4 ,! plan  det]m9$ ^u  
_h1 p]haps1 "s advantages4 ,! hi/ory (  
,*ri/ianity is n[adays ! po9t t         
anti-*ri/ian critics  w\ld %[ to be     
vuln]able1 & ! portion ( ! armor !y     
seek to p5etrate4 ,! public1 h[ev]1 aft]
 a mom5t's  surprise1 has ( itself met$ 
out p>tial ju/ice to ?is mann]  (       
attack2 or at all ev5ts1 new attempts1 z
 skilfully devis$  z ! fir/1 h be5      
receiv$ ) a coolness ( good augury  t   
weak5s va/ly ! importance ( previ\sly   
a*iev$  successes4 ,0 x n mo/ opportune1
 !n1 to enlight5 /ill  m & at once a    
public ^: furore _h b j di$  away8 0 x n
 mo/ important n to adj\rn1 ev5 by a    

brief  delay1 a decisive refutation8 ,z 
= ourselves1 we ye>n$ to  behold1 /riv+ 
) ! new-com]s ( criticism &  hi/ory--:o 
claim to be _! ma/]s & almo/ _!         
inv5tors--him :o1 ne>ly half a c5tury   
s9ce1 f\nd$ 9 our  l& mod]n hi/orical   
criticism4 ,by sett+ face to face )  _! 
ra% ass]tions ! true & sev]e laws (     
hi/oric  c]ta9ty2 by tak+ d[n1 piece by 
piece1 _! mo/ clev]ly  contriv$         
scaffold+2 by r$uc+ to naught _! cr$it1 
0  n ! writ] r5d]+ to ,*ri/ianity a mo/ 
great & ne$$  s]vice8    ,m4 ,guizot has
 ?\ght t !re 0 some?+ /ill m urg5t  to  
be accompli%$2 )\t ab&on+ 8 orig9al     
idea1  involv+ ! f\r s]ies1 he has      
inv]t$ _! ord] (  sequ5ce2 he n[ dwells 
^u ! pres5t /ate ( ,*ri/ian  beliefs4   
,at a lat] day he proposes to resume !  
discussion (  hi/orical que/ions1 dilate
 ^u ! au?ority ( holy books1  cont9ue 8 
comm5t>y on ! concord ( ! ,scriptures1 &
 8  argum5ts conc]n+ te*nicalities &    
m9or details2  subsequ5tly he w try to  
look into ! future4  #bgf  ,at pres5t1  

he has b "o c>e1 "o ?\ght3 he wi%es to  
"k  :at is occurr+1 or r :at m5 are     
believ+1 ar\nd him4  ,to place 9 !      
/ronge/ light ! pres5t /ate (           
,*ri/ianity2 to enum]ate its armies & ^?
 ( its oppon5ts1  & e/abli% a comp>ison 
betwe5 ! /r5g? ( bo?2 ?us to  summon all
 ,*ri/ians to awak5 to a s5se ( ! ev5ts 
conc]n+ ! common safety2 to tea* !m n to
 be deceiv$  ei!r z to _! might or z to 
! magnitude ( ! p]ils  besett+ !m1 & to 
gu>d aga9/ a feel+ ( trea*]\s  security 
z aga9/ c[>dly disc\ragem5t2 ?is x is t 
engrosses 8 att5tion1 &1 =m+ ! subject (
 all 8  ?\ghts1 indicates to him t :i*  
he is to consid] 8 fir/  duty4 ,z he    
says himself1 he supplies ! mo/ press+  
em]g5cy1 &1 hurry+ to ! spot :]e !      
/ruggle is  comm5c+1 ru%es into ! ?ick (
 ! fight4    ,we c readily und]/& 8     
impati5ce4 ,all o!r que/ions  become    
unimportant :5 comp>$ ) su* a problem4  
,no  eag]ness c be m legitimate ?an t ( 
,m4 ,guizot1 & !  inve/igation :i* x is 
necess>y to make is surely ! mo/  s]i\s 

& int]e/+ t c\ld be prosecut$4 ,let u   
add t  few inquiries are z intricate & z
 difficult4    ,x is n1 9 fact1 ! m]e   
ext]ior & app>5t /ate (  ,*ri/ianity t x
 is necess>y to depict2 b its life1 its 
action1 its p[]1 :i* simple /ati/ics c  
by no means  describe4 ,figures may set 
=? h[ _m *ur*es !re are 9  ,france2 h[  
_m prie/s1 congregations1 & conv5ts2 h[ 
_m  *ildr5 are baptiz$1 & c\ples m>ri$2 
h[ _m dy+  mortals receive spiritual    
succor2 b aft] ^! computations  are     
complet$1 are !y ( any g5u9e value8     
,?\gh ! civil  code is n compulsory z to
 ! *oice ( a religion1 & ?\gh  ea* "o be
 free to elect 8 own belief1 does x     
foll[ t !  conclusion arriv$ at is      
always ! result ( prop] reflection8     
,are all ^? :o1 ei!r f e>ly *ildhood1   
?r\gh !  m$ium ( _! p>5ts1 or 9 aft]    
life & by _! own free  w1 on c]ta9      
solemn days1 publicly proclaim _!       
adh]5ce  to ,*ri/ianity1 real & true    
,*ri/ians8 ,h[ _m c y  designate :o knew
 :at !y 7 do+1 :o did n simply  con=m ) 

a cu/om1 & = :om ! sacr$ contract did n 
become at once a dead lett]8 ,to arrive 
at a correct e/imate z  to ! actual     
/r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity1 we mu/ n consult   
regi/]s1 b make rese>*es 9 ! bosoms (   
families1 &  desc5d into ! dep?s (      
consci5ces4 ,?us %\ld we make our       
s\nd+s to asc]ta9 ! /ate ( ,*ri/ian     
belief4 ,we admit  t su* a mode (       
inve/igation w\ld be impracticable2 we  
mu/  be cont5t1 !re=e1 ) less precise   
data1 & pass judgm5t  ^u app>5t ev5ts4  
,draw a p>allel1 !n1 betwe5 ,*ri/ianity 
z x 0 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury &          
,*ri/ianity z x  is1 criticise ! two    
p]iods 9 accordance ) ! same rules1     
make all[ances = deceptive appe>ances on
 bo? sides1 &  exclude f y\r calculation
 ! apocryphal believ]s :o are  only     
,*ri/ians 9 "n2 h[ev] num]\s ! false m5 
&  ?+s at pres5t1 y w1 nev]!less1 be    
compell$ to  conc$e t 9 our c\ntry1 dur+
 ! pa/ sixty ye>s1  ,*ri/ianity has at  
lea/ tak5 root aga9 9 ! soil1 t x  has  
recov]$ its life1 & t its progress has  

be5  und5iable4    #bgg    ,m4 ,guizot  
describes ! phases ( ! resurrection or r
 !  awak5+ ( ,*ri/ianity2 !             
compreh5siv5ess ( 8 views &  ! *oic5ess 
( 8 expressions r5d] ?is l>gely develop$
  portion ( 8 "w ( absorb+ int]e/4 ,we  
h1 h[ev]1 no  int5tion to attempt its   
analysis4 ,9 ^! lat] m$itations1 z  9 ^?
 t prec$e !m1 "o w\ld 9 va9 seek to     
foll[ !  au?or /ep by /ep4 ,8 "w alone c
 speak = its cont5ts2 a  p]son mu/ p]use
 x1 or ab&on ! idea ( becom+ acqua9t$  )
 x4 ,let u only po9t out ! plan ! writ] 
has drawn1 &  notice ! succession ( 8   
?\ghts4 ,f its comm5cem5t1 by  a natural
 division1 ! volume to :i* we allude =ms
 two  p>ts3 "o relates to ,*ri/ianity1 !
 o!r to its adv]s>ies4  ,:at d we see 9 
! fir/8 ,! n>rative ( ! ,*ri/ian        
awak5+1 or r an expos ( ! religi\s      
beliefs 9  ,france s9ce ! ye> #ahjj4    
,?is is a composition 9 :i* !  incid5ts 
foll[ ea* o!r 9 natural sequ5ce1 an     
hi/orical  pa9t+ z well z a             
picture-gall]y1 compris+ none b         

portraits f nature1 su* z ,m4 ,guizot1 )
 t firmness &  concision t *>act]ize 9  
few words ideas z well z m51  c produce2
 portraits full ( expression & life1    
?\gh always  ( a sob] color+ & subdu$   
effect4 ,m4 ,guizot _h abundant         
opportunities = ^w-pa9t+1 = sitt]s 7 n  
sc>ce4  ,evid5tly ,provid5ce 0 resolv$1 
f ! beg9n+ ( !  c5tury1 to repair by    
almo/ p]ceptible progress ! effects (  !
 great disa/] ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! damage 
caus$ by !  cataclysm into :i* x seem$  
to h sunk54 ,h[ num]\s !  m5 :o sudd5ly 
came into exi/5ce1 ea* wor?y ( ! mission
  to be entru/$ to him6 ,h[ m>k$ !      
contra/ ) ! days  gone by1 :5 !re 0 none
 to %iv] a lance = t anci5t  religion   
/ill replete ) honors1 weal?1 & app>5t  
life1  b )\t cr$it1 )\t influ5ce ^u     
s\ls1 )\t new  adepts1 & gradually      
=sak51 l unto ^? tott]+  edifices ^:    
ab&onm5t ere _! fall is decre$ by a     
prophetic in/9ct6 ,! scaffold 0 ne$$ to 
re/ore x to  life4 ,! fir/ symptom (    
reg5]ation 0 obs]v$ :5 humble  prie/s & 

monks1 :o1 a day previ\s1 7 he$less ( _!
  duty1 arose z intrepid & z ready =    
m>tyrdom z if !irs  _h be5 au/]e lives1 
pass$ 9 ! des]t or 9 ! d>kness  ( !     
catacombs4 ,!n a bright] signal & "o m  
easily  und]/ood 0 to be giv5 by two m51
 :o1 ea* 9 8 sph]e  & )9 ! limits ( 8   
p[]1 7 really ! e>lie/  promot]s ( !    
,*ri/ian awak5+4 ,we ref] to a great    
politician & to a great writ]--to !     
,fir/ ,consul & to ,m4  de ,*ateaubri&1 
to ! ,concordat & to ! ,g5ius (         
,*ri/ianity4 ,!re is no?+ artificial nor
 /ra9$ 9  ?is connection2 = ^! two m5 & 
^! two works1 at !  comm5cem5t ( ?is    
c5tury1 play$ ! mo/ important "p 9  ! "w
 ( resurrect+ ! traditions (            
,*ri/ianity4 ,m4  ,guizot speaks (      
,bonap>te & ,*ateaubri& 9 a r>e _s (    
ju/ice & imp>tiality4 ,?\gh possess$ (  
little sympa?y =  !m1 & aw>e t _! works 
h become antiquat$ &1 s  to say1 some:at
 out ( fa%ion1 he ass]ts q w>mly t !    
,g5ius ( ,*ri/ianity1 despite its       
imp]fections1 is a  great & p[]ful "w1  

su* z only appe>s at long  int]vals--"o 
( ^? productions t1 hav+ deeply mov$    
m5's s\ls1 leave beh9d !m traces nev] to
 be effac$4 ,& z  = ! ,concordat1 albeit
 ! s9c]e/ fri5ds ( ,*ri/ian  beliefs    
po9t out n[adays ) sadness1 if n )      
bitt]ness1  its defects & dang]s1 ,m4   
,guizot conc$es t1 9 #ahjb1 its         
promulgation 01 on ! "p ( ! ,fir/       
,consul1 an act (  sup]ior intellig5ce r
 ?an ( despotism1 &1 = ! sake  (        
religion1 ! mo/ opportune & necess>y (  
ev5ts1 !  s9e qua non condition ( !     
exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4  #bgh  ,he ?9ks  
t1 aft] t5 ye>s ( revolution>y orgies1 a
 solemn  recognition ( religion by !    
/ate 0 ne$$ to end[ x )  t influ5ce1    
dignity1 & /ability :i* x _h totally    
lo/4    ,9 ?is respect1 we %>e ,m4      
,guizot's op9ion1 c]ta9  res]vations1   
h[ev]1 be+ made4 ,! ,concordat 0 a      
welcome  gift2 nei!r its timely adv5t   
nor ! necessity = x c be  disput$4 ,:y8 
,because two ye>s previ\s ! national    
movem5t  ( #aghi 0 sudd5ly trans=m$ into

 an abdication1 by :i* "o  man b5efit$4 
,if1 in/ead ( submitt+ to ?is savi\r1   
half  out ( lassitude & half out (      
en?usiasm1 ,france _h _h !  en]gy1 by   
mak+ a supreme ef=t1 &1 p]haps1 at ! co/
 (  new calamities1 to see to h] own    
safety & rema9 mi/ress (  h] fate1 !    
,concordat w\ld h be5 an unne$$ bless+4 
,*ri/ianity w\ld h _h m labor & exp5d$ m
 "t 9  rega9+ ! lo/ gr\nd2 x w\ld n h   
obta9$ possession  at once1 by ! scrat* 
( a p51 & betwe5 sunrise & sunset1  (   
all its presbyt]ies & *ur*es2 x w\ld h  
recov]$  !m little by little1 aft] hav+ 
conqu]$ m5's s\ls4 ,_h x  _h no o!r /aff
 ( support b its flock1 x w\ld h        
neglect$ no?+ to /r5g!n x & increase its
 numb]s2 x  w\ld h won ! confid5ce ( ! p
 & obta9$ _!  acceptance ( x z a        
c\nsellor1 a fa!r1 a fri5d1 & w\ld  n h 
be5 look$ ^u z an emigrant1 amne/i$ &   
recall$  by tol]ance1 favor1 & an act ( 
au?ority1 & ?us plac$  "u obligations to
 "o man1 & made ! vassal ( 8 p[]4  ,x is
 n suffici5t t "o %\ld be cur$ ( a fatal

 disease2  ! rem$y1 9 de/roy+ ! evil1   
mu/ n leave ! pati5t  ) an alt]$        
con/itution or impair$ vitality4 ,!     
,concordat  und\bt$ly deliv]$ u f a     
great affliction = a nation1  & sav$ u f
 a complete divorce f ,god2 x re/or$    
,*ri/ianity to ,france1 b re/or$ x less 
robu/ & less  prep>$ = ! /rife1 less    
life-l & less popul>1 & 9  a less fit   
condition to face ! dang] ?an if ! old  
beliefs  _h be5 compell$1 :5 born anew1 
to cle> _! own pa?ways4  ,9 religion1 z 
9 politics1 ,france /ill feels1 & w     
probably ev] exp]i5ce1 ! effects ( hav+ 
be5 sav$ by !  ev5ts ( ! #ah? (         
,brumaire4    ,t :i* we mu/ admit ) ,m4 
,guizot is t1 :51 9 ^!  lat] days1 we   
criticise ! "w ( our fa!rs1 writt5 upw>d
  ( sixty ye>s ago1 we c speak ( !m )   
wondr\s facility4  ,_! d\bts are at h&  
to enlight5 u4 ,b we mu/ c>ry  ourselves
 back to #ahjb1 & behold flocks )\t     
%eph]ds1  tombs )\t pray]s1 & cradles   
)\t baptismal fonts6 ,:]e  is ! pr\d &  
f>-see+ ,*ri/ian :o w\ld !n h  refus$1 z

 a de/ructive pres5t1 9 ! "n ( 8 belief 
&  = ! sake ( 8 fai?1 a rgime t did ! "w
 (  ,*ri/ian re/oration1 & by ! t\* ( a 
magic w& repair$  all ! evils t bore x  
d[n8 ,no "o !n w\ld h ev5  dream$ ( su* 
a p>adox4 ,let u1 !re=e1 blame )        
indulg5ce1 & to a c]ta9 degree only1 !  
m5 :o inv5t$  ! compromise1 al?\gh !    
consequ5tial ev5ts subsi/1 &  :5 we     
exam9e ! pres5t /ate ( ,*ri/ian belief1 
we _c  avoid meet+ at e /ep ! /ill      
evid5t traces ( defective  orig91 & its 
resurrection by process ( law4  #bgi    
,ev5 z ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,re/oration1      
despite its s9c]e/  ef=ts & nev]-fail+  
good-w1 0 nev] absolv$ by ,france  f !  
reproa* t atta*$ to its self-commitm5t  
by  fri5d%ip ) ! ,emp]or ,alex&] & ,"l  
,well+ton1 ev5  s ,*ri/ianity 9 ?is l&1 
dur+ ! pa/ sixty ye>s1 is  p>tly indebt$
 = its weakness1 & = ! prejudices t     
ma9ta9 x 9 a /ate ( excitem5t1 to !     
honor ( hav+ _h  = a godfa!r ! ,emp]or  
,napoleon4 ,%elt]$ & w>m$ "u  ! purple1 
& hav+ become an imp]ial p5sion]1       

,*ri/ianity  acquir$1 aga9/ its w1 a    
c]ta9 ne$ ( protection &  c]ta9 habits (
 submission & almo/ ( complaisance1 :i* 
hav+ r5d]$ x "u "s rgimes a p>ty to !   
acts  ( ! gov]nm5t1 has caus$ x to be   
call$ ^u to %>e !  responsibility ( _m  
errors1 & expos$ x to ! p]ils (         
unpopul>ity4    ,)9 ! sixty ye>s gone   
by1 h we n se5 by a transi5t  example h[
 mu* religion w\ld h ga9$ by rema9+ on  
less  compromis+ t]ms ) ! heads ( !     
nation & boldly  disp5s+ ) _! favors8   
,!re 0 once a gov]nm5t ^:  memb]s 7     
imbu$ ) pr(\nd respect = ! religi\s     
int]e/s ( ! c\ntry1 & :o 7 always ready 
to r5d]  unto its m9i/]s ! mo/ k9dly    
(fices2 ?is same gov]nm5t1  h[ev]1 f its
 e>lie/ days1 0 view$ ) coldness &      
ho/ility by a c]ta9 numb] ( ,ca?olics & 
a great portion (  ! cl]gy2 is x n kn[n 
h[ favorable t attitude prov$ to        
,ca?olicism itself8 ,= eighte5 ye>s x 0 
look$ ^u z  possess$ ( no cr$it1 &1 = t 
v reason1 ea* day  acquir$ m & m p[]1 n1
 inde$1 9 public places &  9            

ante-*amb]s1 b 9 m5's consci5ces4 ,x may
 be boldly  ass]t$ t ! greate/ & mo/    
def9ite progress :i* !  ,*ri/ian        
religion c ju/ly claim = itself s9ce !  
comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t c5tury 0 made dur+
 t p]iod4  ,we d n d$uce f ?is fact t   
sy/ematic ho/ility to !  rul+ p[]s is   
necess>y = ! propagation ( religi\s     
ideas1 = inte/9e /rifes are evils & n to
 be fom5t$2  b t ! sacr$ m9i/ry1 to h   
influ5ce ^u rul]s1 mu/  possess a degree
 ( indep5d5ce c>ri$ ev5 to ! ext5t (    
pride1 & br++ into prom95ce its ab&onm5t
 ( all ?+s  e>?ly1 & its absolute       
indiff]5ce to worldly int]e/s4    ,f    
#ahcj to #ahea1 :atev] may h be5 ! true 
motives ( its  e/rangem5t & indiff]5ce1 
! ,ca?olic cl]gy 0 b5efit$  by !        
situation4 ,x _h prosp]$ & increas$ 9   
numb]s1 x  _h won = itself1 to ! great  
advantage ( ,*ri/ian belief1  ! e/eem1 !
 respect1 & ev5 ! m9ds ( p]sons :o1     
until  !n1 _h be5 rebelli\s & incl9$ to 
disp>age x4 ,0 x  aw>e ( ! cause ( ?is  
unusual k9dl9ess ( feel+8 ,did x        

compreh5d h[ mu* ?is 0 to be pref]r$1 = 
! cause (  religion & = its own sake1 to
 =m] c\rtly favors8 ,has x  s9ce gu>d$  
aga9/ ! temptations :i* h surr\nd$ x8   
,has x p]sev]$ 9 burn+ inc5se be=e ,god 
only1 9 ador+  none b him8 ,h n m e>?ly 
& app>5tly less  dis9t]e/$ bur/s (      
en?usiasm caus$ x to lose a goodly      
portion ( ! conqu]$ gr\nd8 ,^! are      
que/ions :i* x may  be well n to look   
into too deeply2 b en\gh is kn[n        
conc]n+ !m to enable u to und]/& h[ x   
came t1  dur+ ! fifte5 ye>s t h j       
elaps$1 ! radical vice  ( ! ,concordat1 
! _s 9 :i* x 0 fram$1 ! dang]  (        
e/abli%+ betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ! absolute
 p[] a  s-call$ natural alliance1 a k9d 
( necess>y complicity1 h  awak5$ 9 !    
he>ts ( "s ,*ri/ians objections1 fe>s1 &
  antipa?ies n[ m active & pot5t ?an    
ev]4    #bhj    ,we next behold "o ( !  
great incid5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian  awak5+ ^:  
hi/ory ,m4 ,guizot rec\nts4 ,! ,fir/    
,consul1 by  rais+ ! alt> f ! du/1 p>tly
 obey+ ! great views  ( 8 g5ius1 & p>tly

 yield+ to 8 despotic in/9cts2 ,m4  de  
,*ateaubri&1 by mov+ & delight+ ,fr5*   
society by !  revelation ( ! treasures (
 ,*ri/ian poetry1 ( ! exi/5ce  ( :i* x 0
 unaw>e2 ,m4 de ,bonald1 by honor+ !    
gov]nm5tal traditions ( ! old rgime by  
translat+  !m into metaphysical !ories2 
,m4 de ,mai/re1 by outp\r+1 9  floods ( 
fi]y eloqu5ce1 ov]:elm+ invective aga9/ 
!  revolution>y _s2 all ^! b paid homage
 to noble ru9s1  &1 hurl+ indignation at
 ! de/roy]s1 made a g5]\s  attempt to   
rehabilitate ! pa/1 to glorify x1 & to  
give x  r5ew$ life4 ,! important        
que/ions1 ! que/ions ( !  future1 are n 
yet prop\nd$4 ,x is n suffici5t t       
,*ri/ianity %\ld be re/or$2 x mu/ be    
giv5 heal?1 &  taught to live 9 peace & 
fri5d%ip ) a p[] h5ce=w>d  beyond all   
e/imate1 ) an irresi/ible =ce--t ( mod]n
  civilization4 ,h[ c\ld ! ,*ri/ian1 & m
 especially !  ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 be l$ to 
ackn[l$ge ! lib]ty ( civil  society z   
con/itut$ by ! ,fr5* revolution8 ,h[    
c\ld t  society be br\ght to respect ! j

 rights ( ! *ur*8 ,su*  0 ! problem t   
c\ld n fail to spe$ily appe>4    ,until 
! ye> #ahcj1 ! "q 0 only =e%ad[$2 its   
solution 0 by no means urg5t4 ,z        
,ca?olicism _h recov]$  "u ! gov]nm5t ( 
! ,re/oration its =m] privilege z a     
/ate religion1 reconciliation1 or a     
reciprocal tol]ance betwe5  itself &    
society1 0 no long] 9 discussion4 ,x 0  
und]/ood t its portion 0 to be secur$ by
 an actual  /ruggle1 & ! secul> p[] 0 at
 its disposal--)\t  viol5ce1 ) due      
mod]ation1 b n )\t injury to its        
au?ority & detrim5t to its influ5ce ^u  
m5's s\ls4 ,!  ,ca?olic religion _h to  
assume ! responsibility z well z  accept
 ! pr(its ( its privileg$ situation4    
,subsequ5t to  #ahcj1 circum/ances      
*ang$4 ,inasmu* z ! words /ate  religion
 _h be5 eras$ f ! con/itutional compact1
 no "o  religion c\ld lay claim to      
special immunities or occupy an         
exceptionally exalt$ position4 ,all     
enjoy$ equal rights4  ,:atev] ! numb] ( 
_! adh]5ts1 z soon z !y 7  recogniz$ by 

& receiv+ a subsidy f ! /ate1 ! law     
held !m to be equally sacr$ & des]v+ (  
respect4 ,!  neutral attitude ( !       
gov]nm5t excit$ ! ang] ( "s  ,ca?olics4 
,9 _! op9ion1 privilege 0 ! v ess5ce1 ! 
normal & vital condition ( _! belief4 ,!
 p[]s ( !  day1 by r$uc+ !m to ! sl5d]  
diet ( equality & common  rights1 0     
guilty n only ( indiff]5ce & culpable   
ab&onm5t1 b ( spoliation & p]secution4  
,_! compla9ts  7 l\de/ because _!       
adv]s>ies feign$ to h won a mo/         
brilliant triumph4 ,extremes meet3 on   
bo? sides a firm belief  prevail$ t1 )\t
 special support1 )\t ! favors (  !     
magi/racy & ! soldi]y1 ,ca?olicism _h no
 *ance (  life1 & t1 bo? armies be+     
provid$ ) equally effective  weapons1 x 
c\ld nev] )/& ! onslaughts ( ! foe4     
#bha  ,! conduct ( ! p]sons int]e/$1    
h[ev]1 diff]$2 =  "s wi%$ to be reg>d$ z
 m>tyrs1 & curs$ ! a!ism (  ! gov]nm5t1 
*>g+ x ) br++ ab\t ! inevitable  ru9 ( !
 fai?2 :il/ o!rs reproa*$ ! same        
gov]nm5t  = its suppos$ weakness t[>d ! 

once privileg$ religion1  & accus$ x (  
prolong+ its exi/5ce by secretly favor+ 
x4    ,dur+ ! progress ( ?is conflict   
!re 0 gradually =m$ a  gr\p ( ,ca?olics 
:o contemplat$ ev5ts 9 an entirely new  
light4 ,!y 7 all "y 9 ye>s & m5 ( ! age2
 _!  he>ts ?robb$ ) ! noble ?\ghts (    
lib]ty &  indep5d5ce t 7 madd5+ ,france 
= ! second "t1 &1  seem+ly1 c>ry+ !     
nation back to ! dawn ( #aghi4 ,:at did 
^! f]v5t & s9c]e ,*ri/ians1 animat$ by a
 firm resolve1  propose to d8 ,7 !y to  
sacrifice to _! religi\s fai?  t        
political fai? j born )9 !m8 ,to :at    
end8 ,:at 0  to prev5t !m f be+ bo?     
,ca?olic & lib]als8 ,9 :at  respect 7 ! 
pr9ciples ( ! evangels & ^? ( a free    
gov]nm5t incompatible ) ea* o!r8 ,0 n ! 
gov]nm5t  ( ! *ur*1 9 ! e>ly ages1 !    
result ( ! free *oice  ( ! fai?ful8 ,7 n
 respect = human lib]ty1 love (  ju/ice1
 & opposition to tyranny & b>b>ity1 !   
glory &  actual ess5ce ( ,*ri/ian       
belief8 ,_h n !y :o = ?ree  c5turies _h 
l9k$ religion to ! =tunes & precepts ( !

  old mon>*y1 & id5tifi$ x ) !m1 really 
de=m$  ,ca?olicism8    ,:5 ^! m5 _h     
become ?or\ghly conv9c$ n only t  _!    
views & _! fai? 71 by no means          
irreconcilable1 b  also t x 0 _! duty z 
,*ri/ians to r5d] ! *ur*  ! greate/ (   
all s]vices by *eck+ its retrogressive  
t5d5cy & reconcil+ x ) ! _w & ) mod]n   
ideas1  !y inaugurat$ ! campaign1       
unfurl$ _! flag1 organiz$ a  committee1 
& comm5c$ ! publication ( a j\rnal1     
neglect+  none ( ! means by :i* to      
dissem9ate _! ideas & ga9  accessions to
 _! ranks4 ,_h !y be5 s =tunate z to    
*oose1 n a m eloqu5t1 b a less ra% & m  
unimpassion$ *ief ?an ! ,abb de         
,lam5nais2 _h ! noble  m9ds1 ! brave    
he>ts1 ! wondr\s tal5t c5tr$ 9 ^?  gr\p$
 ar\nd him belong$ to m5 ( rip] ye>s2 _h
 8  adh]5ts be5 less fi]y & impati5t1 & 
less prejudic$  aga9/ a new p[] :i* 0   
/ill insecure on its f\ndation1  b 0    
imbu$ ) ! _s ( true lib]ty to su* a     
degree  t x imp]ill$ its own exi/5ce e  
day to avoid attack+  ! rights ( its    

adv]s>ies1 & ?us ov]/ep ! limits (  !   
law2 _h !y und]/ood :at s]vice _! cause 
c\ld h  expect$ ( t gov]nm5t on ! sole  
condition ( n  dem&+ impossibilities1 ( 
n h>ass+ & *id+ x on all  occasions1 & (
 n aid+ & abett+ its de/roy]s2 9 a  ^w1 
_h ! same tal5t1 ardor1 s9c]ity1 &      
devot$ness be5  c\pl$ ) great] exp]i5ce1
 prud5ce1 & practicability1  p]haps1    
aft] ?irty ye>s _h gone by1 ! great "w (
  effect+ a reconciliation betwe5 ! *ur*
 & ! _s (  ! age w\ld be m ?or\ghly     
compreh5d$ & approv$ ?an  x is at       
pres5t4 ,! boldness ( ! op9ions pr(ess$ 
f !  comm5cem5t by lib]al ,ca?olics     
increas$ ! difficulty &  r5d]$ ! problem
 m complicat$4  #bhb  ,_! ent]prise w\ld
 c]ta9ly n h be5 "o ( easy  a*ievem5t _h
 x ev5 be5 r$uc$ to ! simple/ =m4 ,0 x  
n en\gh to ensure ! acceptance1 by a    
majority ( ! cl]gy  & ( ! fai?ful1 ( !  
def9ite results ( ! revolution1  ! = ev]
 acquir$ rights ( civil society !       
bless+s (  lib]ty z und]/ood by ! ,july 
gov]nm5t & by all truly  free gov]nm5ts2

 ( lib]ty bas$ ^u ! sov]eignty ( !  law1
 a respect = ! rights ( all1 = ! rights 
( ! p[]  z = ^? ( ! poore/ citiz58 ,by  
prea*+ to ,ca?olics  extreme lib]alism1 
)\t ei!r limits or gu>antee1 ,utopian1  
absolute1 aggressive1 & revolution>y    
lib]alism1 su* z 0  advocat$ by         
l',av5ir1 ! organ ( ! ,abb de ,lam5nais 
& 8 "y fri5ds1 !y compromis$ ev]y?+1 put
 an end to  all attempts at enc\ragem5t1
 t]rifi$ ^? :om !y s\ght  to conv]t1 &  
furni%$ a pretext to ! fai?ful1 9 ! ev5t
  ( an opportunity be+ (f]$ !m1 to ?r[  
!mselves1 out (  prud5tial              
consid]ations1 into ! arms ( ! absolute 
p[]4    ,! same ardor t c>ri$ !m1 9     
politics1 ev5 to !  practice ( lib]ty   
unre/ra9$1 l$ !m1 9 religion1 to !      
recognition ( ! pr9ciples ( excessive   
ob$i5ce4 ,!y nev]  d>$ disp5se ) !      
explicit approval ( ,rome2 h] sil5t     
cons5t 0 deem$ insuffici5t4 ,!y ev]     
s\ght to elicit a  reply1 not)/&+ !     
expectant res]ve usually & mo/  prud5tly
 ma9ta9$ by ! ,holy ,see previ\s to     

pass+ judgm5t  ^u any new ent]prise4 ,!y
 requir$ a notice or a =mal  decision4  
,) ?is object 9 view1 !y nev] hesitat$  
to risk  _! all2 !y ceas$ n _! endeavors
 until ! ,holy ,fa!r  _h sanction$ or   
disapprov$ _! action4 ,!n1 aft] !       
s5t5ce _h gone =?1 aft] su* words (     
c5sure1 z might  h be5 anticipat$1 _h   
be5 utt]$1 !y 7 compell$1  "u pa9 (     
r5d]+ !mselves am5able to a *>ge (      
revolt1 to submit1 to b[ _! heads &     
ab&on ! field1 to  ! great detrim5t ( ! 
cause 9 :i* !y labor$4 ,n only  _h !y   
lo/ _! au?ority ov] ! m9ds ( a c]ta9    
portion  ( ! fai?ful1 z 0 se5 :51 a few 
ye>s lat]1 we>y (  inaction1 !y re5t]$ !
 ar5a1 b !y _h br\ght ab\t  ano!r &     
great] mis=tune3 !y _h made ! c\rt (    
,rome  ent]1 be=e ! "t _h come1 & )\t ! 
slighte/  necessity = su* a proce$+1 ^u 
! c\rse t %e n[  foll[s1 kept to x by h]
 own words4 ,is x n possible t1  _h %e  
be5 que/ion$ at a lat] day1 9 o!r t]ms &
 "u  o!r circum/ances1 h] reply might h 
be5 diff]5t8    ,b x happ5s t we _c b   

admit t1 ?\gh s9ce !  beg9n+ ( ?is      
c5tury ,*ri/ianity has a*iev$ 9 ,france 
great & true progress2 ?\gh valiant     
adh]5ts & illu/ri\s  *ampions h aris52  
?\gh x has recov]$ little by little a   
portion ( its doma9s2 ?\gh x has 9 c]ta9
 respects  ext5d$ ! field ( its         
conque/s1 "o success is want+1 "o       
victory has n be5 a*iev$1 ! "w comm5c$ 9
 #ahcj is  /ill unf9i%$1 ! "q is no ne>]
 its solution1 !  ent5te cordiale is n  
yet e/abli%$1 & ! treaty (  peace betwe5
 ,*ri/ianity & ! _s ( ! times has n  yet
 be5 conclud$4    ,"s p]sons f9d        
consolation = ?is /ate ( affairs3 !     
attempt to rem$y x has borne 9 _! eyes a
 *im]ical  appe>ance1 & !y look ^u !    
discord :i* mo/ m5 w\ld  quell z mo/    
natural4  #bhc  ,has n ?is mann] ( w>1  
!y say1 ev] rag$ betwe5 ! lay  _s & !   
religi\s _s8 ,has n ,*ri/ianity1 s9ce   
its  infancy1 be5 de/9$ to blame &      
combat1 c5tury aft]  c5tury1 ! prevail+ 
ideas & ta/es2 has n ?is be5 its  "p1   
its mission1 &1 x may be said1 its      

glory8 ,:y seek to  *ange t :i* has     
always be58 ,*ri/ian fai? is n[1 z  ev]1
 q intol]ant t[>d ! age 9 :i* x ?rives3 
d n  int]f]e ) ev5ts2 x mu/ be s4 ,to ^!
 argum5ts we w\ld  answ] by /at+ t1 n to
 discrim9ate betwe5 two objects  z      
di/9ct f ea* o!r z ! _s ( ! age :i*1 to 
speak 9 g5]al t]ms1 is ! worldly _s1 t  
tra9 (  nev]-*ang+ passions & vices     
reappe>+ at all p]iods  "u slightly     
diff]5t =ms--& ! _s ( ea* age tak5      
sep>ately--t is to say1 ! uni=mity (    
ideas1 mann]s1 &  in/itutions :i* give  
to ! society ( ea* c5tury its  peculi>  
traits--is to quibble z to !            
significance ( words  & deal 9 m]e      
equivocation4 ,t ,*ri/ianity is !       
natural1  p]man5t1 & necess>y adv]s>y ( 
! worldly _s & (  ! vices & passions (  
m52 t x is su* at all times1 9  all     
places1 9 ! pres5t z 9 ! pa/2 to ass]t t
 to give  its foll[]s a ^w ( advice z to
 ! adoption ( innovations  "u any ( ^!  
heads w\ld be to mi/ake & =get its real 
reason to exi/1 is inconte/able3 b to   

affirm t its v  "* r5d]s x incapable (  
adaptation to ! _s (  su* & su* an epo*1
 & t x c only blame & oppose !  ideas1  
t5d5cies1 & laws ( ! days 9 :i* x lives1
 is to  give to ! te/imony ( hi/ory1 to 
! mo/ self-evid5t &  au!ntic facts1 a   
s+ul> d5ial4 ,comp>e ! latt] c5turies  (
 ! empire ( ! ,we/ & ! fir/ ( ! feudal  
ages3 0  ! /ate ( society1 7 ! mann]s1  
cu/oms1 & in/itutions  ( ^? days ! same8
 ,c\ld aught h be5 m dissimil> &        
contradictory8 ,yet1 did n ,*ri/ianity  
fir/ uphold ! empire  until x crumbl$   
into ! du/1 & subsequ5tly aid mo/       
*e]fully & efficaci\sly 9 ! e/abli%m5t (
 ! feudal  p[]8 ,aga91 :5 ! mon>*ical   
sy/em gradually rega9$ !  asc5d5cy &    
triumph$ ov] feudal an>*y1 did          
,*ri/ianity  prove an ob/acle to !      
movem5t8 ,did x (f] any opposition to  !
 *ange8 ,did x n submit to x ) a good w8
 ,did x n  %>e ! ideas1 pr9ciples1 & ev5
 ! good =tune &  greatness ( royalty8   
,:at we n[ dem& ( x is1 to d once  m t  
:i* x has always done1 to recognize )\t 

regret  & )\t ho/ility a necess>y &     
irrevocable *ange--a  *ange 9 con=mity )
 ! nature ( circum/ances1 &  !re=e      
legitimate2 9 a ^w1 we call ^u x to     
treat !  mod]n _s ( ! day z x has treat$
 all o!r mod]n  spirits t h successively
 appe>$4    ,:y %\ld a reconciliation be
 at pres5t peculi>ly difficult  &       
emb>rass+8 ,are ?\ghts ( lib]ty =eign & 
unkn[n to  ,*ri/ianity8 ,has ,*ri/ianity
 nev] act$ 9 accordance )  !m8 ,h n ^?  
?\ghts wat*$1 r1 ov] ! cradle (         
religion8 ,has n t sy/em ( elections1   
discussion1 &  c5sure :i* honors our    
mod]n _s come =? f ! v  womb ( ! *ur*8  
,to make peace ) lib]ty1 to become suit$
  to its rule1 to und]/& & bless its    
gifts1 does n imply  ! necessity (      
absolv+ x f its errors1 approv+ its     
crimes1 or mak+ ! slighte/ concession to
 disord] &  an>*y4  #bhd  ,nev] m9d1 x w
 be said1 d n m+le religion & p>ty      
que/ions1 d n inspire x ) any int]e/ 9  
wrangles (  su* a k9d4 ,! m p]si/5tly   
,*ri/ianity /&s alo( f  ! affairs ( ?is 

_w1 ! m solid w be ! f\ndation  ( its   
p[]4 ,) ^! views we cordially agree1 & b
  rec5tly dwelt ^u _! importance2 b (   
h[ev] little  mom5t politics or worldly 
affairs be to !m1 h[ev] deeply  engross$
 by pray] & good works1 c ! mo/ religi\s
 m9d  & ! cl]gy itself live on ?is e>? 9
 utt] ignorance (  ev5ts8 ,to attack !  
vices1 meannesses1 & misde$s ( !  "t1   
mu/ !y n "k !m1 & by _! own k8 ,we ask  
( ^? pi\s s\ls :o are mo/ t]rifi$ by !  
c\pl+ (  ! words lib]alism & religion1 d
 !y compla9  because eloqu5t speak]s    
d5\nce & /igmatize f ! pulpit  ! w&]+s (
 ! _s ( mod]n times & !  revolution>y   
delirium1 ^? impi\s doctr9es1 ! curse ( 
families & society8 ,if religion is to  
wage w> ^u civil  lib]ty1 ought x n to  
be au?oriz$ to allude to b5eficial      
fre$om8 ,ought x n to be enc\rag$ to    
speak ( x 9 k9dly  t]ms1 to place x 9 ! 
brighte/ light1 to make u und]/&  & *]i%
 x8 ,if n1 :at is ,*ri/ianity1 & :at    
fate h  y 9 /ore = x8 ,w\ld y make ( x b
 a puny doctr9e1 a  privilege to be     

enjoy$ by a few *os5 ones only1 ! t>dy &
  solit>y consolation ( ^? :om old age &
 grief sep>ate  f ! _w8 ,if y seek no?+ 
else ( x1 if x be  suffici5t = y to h x 
live j en\gh to prev5t !  record+ ( its 
dea?1 l a ru9 gu>d$ by ar*aeology1 &    
pres]v$ & respect$ 9 its tott]+         
condition1 !n keep x  ap>t f ! ris+     
g5]ation1 f ! flood ( democracy2  let x 
be isolat$ & gr[ old2 let x seek a place
 (  concealm5t1 & !re1 cont5t+ itself ) 
! praises ( !  pa/1 dwell 9 disda9 ( !  
pres5t1 lack+ indulg5ce = all  p]sons & 
?+s--*agr91 morose1 & unpopul>4 ,b if1 )
  a bett] und]/&+ ( its true de/9y1 y   
desire x to  ex]cise a salut>y influ5ce 
n only ^u y\rselves & y\r  fri5ds1 b ^u 
all humanity2 if y wi% x to ent] into ! 
he>ts ( all y\r bro!rs1 "y & old1 small 
& great--to  inspire m5 ) ! _s ( ju/ice 
& tru?--to trans=m1  purify1 & reg5]ate 
!m1 let x speak to !m 9 _! own          
language2 let x become int]e/$ 9 _!     
ideas2 let x suit  itself to _!         
peculi>ities--n l a weak flatt]]1 b z  a

 lov+ fa!r1 :o takes unto himself 8     
*ildr5 & becomes  a *ild = _! sake1 by  
%>+ _! ta/es :ile correct+  _! errors1  
gu>d+ !m f ! p]ils ( life1 & po9t+  out 
to !m ! n>r[ & /raight pa?s ( wisdom &  
tru?4          ,to ,be ,conclud$ ,9     
,next ,numb]4    --------    #bhe       
,new ,publications4        ,ka?r9a1 ,h] 
,life ,& ,m9e1 ,9 ,a ,poem4    ,by ,j4  
,g4 ,holl&4 ,new ,york3    ,*>les       
,scribn]  ,co4 #ahfg4    ,!re c be      
little d\bt t ?is is m ?an a commonplace
  poem4 ,! n>rative has a *>m+          
simplicity ab\t x1 & is  happily told2 !
 rhy?m is smoo? & graceful2 & !         
language1 ) ! exception ( a r too free  
use ( words  tortur$ into ,engli% f !   
,lat9 & ,g]man1 bo? *oice &             
appropriate4 ,9 a fir/ p]usal ( x1 :i* w
 n be our  la/1 7= x is a book :i* w be>
 m ?an "o read+17  two po9ts 9 !        
n>rative impress$ u disagreeably--!     
revelation ( 8 future c>e] to ! h]o :5 b
 a *ild  rambl+ ov] ! m\nta9s1 & !      
suicide ( 8 "m4 ,^!  incid5ts 7 a "p ( !

 au?or's plan1 & _h to be told2  b !y   
are bo? =c$ & unnatural1 ! m app>5tly s 
because all o!r ?reads ( romance :i* run
 ?r\gh ! /ory  are closely wov5 9 h>mony
 ) real life4 ,v _m passages  are m>k$  
by ! true/ pa?os1 ) "h & !re t\*es (    
quiet humor wor?y ( a ,dick5s4 ,!re is a
 deep] moral lesson  inculcat$ 9 ?is    
poem ?an we ?9k w be appreciat$ or ev5  
p]ceiv$ by ! mass ( ,dr4 ,holl&'s       
read]s2 & we v5ture to  pr$ict t x w be 
ei!r entirely ov]look$1 or made !       
subject ( ridicule by ! majority ( !    
,prote/ant or  rationali/ic j\rnals &   
reviews :i* may notice ! volume4  ,we   
say ?is boldly1 because we "k t x       
elucidates a doctr9e  entirely =eign to 
_! exp]i5ce1 & is bas$ ^u  pr9ciples (  
life ass]t$ only by ! ,ca?olic religion4
 ,:at  ! au?or has endeavor$ to br+ out 
is no?+ new 9 ,ca?olic  ascetic !ology4 
,x is ! old cry ( ,/4 ,augu/9e3         
,inquietum e/ cor no/rum1 ,deus1 donec  
requiescat 9 te4  ,god is ! supreme     
illum9ation ( ! s\l1 & ! object (  its  

highe/ aspirations4 ,life )\t ,god is a 
life (  disquietude1 ( disgu/1 &        
disappo9tm5t4 ,! h]o is made to  le>n   
?is tru? ?r\gh ye>s ( self-wor%ip1 (    
creature-wor%ip1 & ( _w-wor%ip4 ,8 m9d  
passes f  ignorance to indiff]5ce1 f t  
to scepticism1 infidelity1  despair4 ,a 
true & sad picture ( _m noble s\ls :o1 9
 our  age & c\ntry1 gr[ up "u ! /]ile   
influ5ce ( !  _s ( naturalism1 ! revolt 
( reason )\t ! guidance  ( fai? aga9/   
,prote/antism4 ,!re is m ?an "o :o w    
read ! /ory ( 8 own life depict$ 9 ,dr4 
,holl&'s poem4  ,su* w read x ) m ?an an
 ord9>y int]e/1 & f9d1  we tru/1 "s     
glimpses ( t hidd5 tru? ^: cle>  /atem5t
 c only be f\nd 9 ! tea*+s ( t religion 
:i* %[s man 8 true de/9y & has ! mission
 to guide him  to x4    ,we d n ?9k !   
au?or is himself :olly aw>e ( !         
ultimate logical consequ5ces ( !        
pr9ciples ( life he has  "h develop$4 ,a
 /udy ( ,ca?olic ascetic !ology1 !      
p]usal  ( a few books l ! ,imitation (  
,*ri/1 ,h5ry ,suso's  ,et]nal ,wisdom1  

or ,fa!r ,bak]'s ,sancta ,sophia  w\ld  
be1 if we mi/ake n1 a revelation to him4
 ,9 conclusion1  we _c refra9 f quot+ "o
 ( ^? passages :i*  confirm ! tru? ( !  
impressions we h receiv$ & !            
reflections we h made4 ,! h]o1 *agr9$ ) 
!  disappo9tm5ts ( 8 c>e]1 f9d+ ! idols 
he has  wor%ipp$ turn$ to clay1 depriv$ 
( all human consolation1  disgu/$ ) !   
holl[ness & unreality ( 8 sceptical     
life1 at la/ turns to ,him :om he _h    
%unn$1 & yields 8  s\l to t high] w ^:  
inspirations he _h all 8 life  long s   
va9ly rebell$ aga9/4    #bhf            
,!n ! impulse came1    ,& ,i p\r$ out l 
wat] all my he>t4    ',o ,god6' ,i said1
 'be m]ciful to me    ,a reprobate6 ,i h
 blasphem$ ?y "n1    ,abus$ ?y pati5t   
love1 & held f !e    ,my he>t & life2 & 
n[1 9 my extreme    ,( ne$ & ( despair1 
,i come to !e4    ,oh6 ca/ me n away1 = 
"h1 at la/1    ,aft] a life ( selfi%ness
 & s91    ,i yield my w to ?9e1 & pl$ge 
my s\l--    ,all t ,i am1 all ,i c ev]  
be--    ,supremely to ?y s]vice4 ,i     

r5\nce    ,all worldly aims1 all selfi% 
ent]prise1    ,& d$icate ! remnant ( my 
p[]    ,to !e & ^? ?\ love/4 ,com=t me6 
,oh6 come & com=t me1 = ,i despair6     
,give me ?y peace1 = ,i am r5t & toss$6 
,fe$ me ) love1 else ,i %all die ( want6
    ,behold6 ,i empty out my            
wor?lessness1    ,& beg !e to come 91 & 
fill my s\l    ,) ?y ri* pres5ce4 ,i    
adore ?y love2    ,i seek = ?y approval2
 ,i b[ d[n    ,& wor%ip !e1 ! ,excell5ce
 ,supreme4    ,i've ta/$ ( ! sweete/ t !
 _w    ,c give to me2 & human love &    
praise1    ,& all ( excell5ce )9 ! scope
    ,( my conception1 & my p[] to rea*  
,& realize 9 highe/ =ms ( art1    ,h    
left me hungry1 ?ir/y = ?yself4    ,oh6 
fe$ & fire me6 ,fill & furni% me6    ,&1
 if ?\ ha/ = me "s humble task--    ,"s 
s]vice = ?yself1 or = ?y own--          
,reveal x to ?y sad1 rep5tant *ild1     
,or use him z ?y will+ in/rum5t4    ,i  
ask x = ! sake ( ,jesus ,*ri/1          
,h5ce=? my ,ma/]6'    ,?is beautiful    
pray] is ! true climax ( ! poem4 ,!re is

  n a ^w 9 x we c\ld wi% to see         
suppress$ or a s5tim5t  alt]$4 ,!re are 
deep tru?s writt5 9 ^? few l9es1 well   
put & timely utt]$ 9 a worldly-m9d$ age 
l ours4    ,we obs]ve ! "w plac>d$ ab\t 
! city z ,timo?y  ,titcomb's la/ poem4  
,we are glad to see t ?is paltry nom  de
 plume does n deface ! title-page ( !   
publication4    ----      ,! ,vot>y4 ,a 
,n>rative ,poem4    ,by ,james ,d4      
,hewett4    ,new ,york3 ,g4 ,w4 ,c>leton
  ,co4 #ahfg4    ,great wits jump4 ,?is 
poem ( ,mr4 ,hewett is l ,dr4 ,holl&'s  
,ka?r9a--! /ory ( a false & disappo9t$  
ambition4  ,! h]o1 ,rudig]1 loves       
,sybilla1 goes =? to seek a fam\s  "n1  
sacrifices 8 honor to ! gre$ ( ambition 
by =gett+  8 fir/ v[s1 & esp\s+         
,adelaide1 ! daught] ( an  influ5tial & 
ri* politician4 ,8 wife1 discov]+ 8     
infidelity to ,sybilla & 8 subsequ5t    
remorse1 becomes  jeal\s1 *>ges him )   
hav+ buri$ 8 he>t 9 ! grave1  7=        
,sybilla di$ ( grief17 b (f]s to receive
 him back to  h] affections if he c say 

8 love is n[ :olly h]s4 ,?is1           
un=tunately1 he _c hone/ly d1 & flies f 
8 home =  ev]1 betak+ himself to "s     
religi\s bro!rhood1 !re to d  p5ance1 & 
labor1 prea*1 & pray = a purpose :i*1 to
  judge f ! s5sual "* ( ! entire poem1  
is too  vaguely describ$ to all[ u to be
 q sure :at is meant3      ,he fa?om$ n[
 ! mighty tru? t ,love--     ,love1 !   
sole axis on :i* e>? is swung--     ,is 
! prime ess5ce ( ! ,deity1     ,&       
,intellect subs]vi5t to ,love3     ,& t 
true glory is to s]ve1 & ble$1     ,if  
ne$ be1 9 ,love's bless$ cause4    ,& s 
he becomes a mission>y to =eign p>ts3   
,to tea* all m5 ! ev]la/+ tru?1     ,!  
ble/1 et]nal tru? ( p]fect ,love1     ,i
 w g =?4 ,i'll prea* x f> & wide4       
,to e>?'s la/ ?re%old w ,i pi]ce my way1
     ,& speak to all ! dwell]s !re (    
,love4    ,& aga93      ,h5ce=? to ,love
 my life ,i d$icate--     ,god's love1  
includ+ e human phase4    ,?is w\ld d if
 we 7 n s pa9fully impress$ by !  p]usal
 ( ! :ole poem1 t ! au?or's highe/ idea 

( love  is a sort ( deification ( !     
s5sual4 ,be+ false to 8 tro?  to        
,sybilla he calls los+ love's div9e     
repa/1 9 ! v  l9e prec$+ our la/        
quotation above4 ,we d n l ! book4  ,its
 moral tone is n heal?y4 ,! poem is1    
h[ev]1 full ( ri*  imag]y1 & evid5ces no
 little dramatic p[]2 b ! rhy?m  is n   
always faultless1 su* words z ( & !     
frequ5tly  =m+ ! la/ syllable ( ! v]se1 
& c\plets l !  foll[+ are n uncommon3   
,) fitful /ep1 across a v]dur\s lawn    
,close v5ue+ a dwell+1 pac$ a y\?4      
,happily1 we ?9k1 = ! /r5g? ( our       
language1 we are  becom+ e day less &   
less tol]ant ( ^! attempts to  foi/     
=eign words ^u x4    ----    #bhg       
,ub]to2 or1 ,! ,errors ( ! ,he>t4    ,a 
,drama 9 ,five ,acts4    ,by ,frank     
,middleton4 ,new ,york4 #ahfg4      ,!  
writ+ ( a drama is reckon$ a bold       
project1 = !re is  sc>ce any sort (     
lit]>y production apt to meet ) sev]]   
treatm5t at ! h&s ( critics4 ,! pres5t  
"o1 h[ev]1  possesses m]it en\gh to     

comm& _! respect1 if x does n  w9 _!    
praise4 ,! plot is well conceiv$1 & !   
*>act]s  su/a9$ & comb9$ ) m ?an ord9>y 
ability4 ,!  spee*es are1 h[ev]1 r too  
l5g?y1 & become 9 _m  places prosy4 ,!  
little com$y introduc$1 ( ! loves (     
,bellamori & ,bonita1 detracts          
consid]ably f ! m]it ( !  trag$y1 & is  
=c$ ^u our notice1 mo/ unseasonably1 9 !
  prep>ation = ! f9al tableau4    ------
      ,hi/ory ,( ,bless$ ,m>g>et ,m>y1  
a ,religi\s ( ! ,visitation ( ,/4 ,m>y2 
& ( ! ,orig9 ( ,devotion to ! ,he>t (   
,jesus4      ,by ,fa!r ,*4 ,daniel1     
,,sj4    ,translat$ by ! au?oress ( !   
,life ( ,ca?>9e ,mc,auley4    ,new      
,york3 ,p4 ,o',%ea4      ,! subject (   
?is memoir is celebrat$ 9 *ur* hi/ory & 
9  ,ca?olic !ology4 ,9 *ur* hi/ory %e 0 
! in/rum5t  *os5 by ,god to introduce a 
new fea/1 to r5d] public &  obligatory 9
 wor%ip :at _h be5 m]ely a matt] (      
private  & volunt>y devotion1 & aga9/   
:i* = ye>s all !  le>n+ & det]m9ation ( 
,jans5ism unsuccessfully battl$4  ,9    

,ca?olic !ology %e 0 ! means develop+   
ano!r bran*  ( div9e tru? & asceticism4 
,%e popul>iz$ ! ,devotion to  ! ,sacr$  
,he>t ( ,jesus1 made devotion to x !    
*>act]i/ic  ( "o religi\s ord] ( wom52 &
 its "n become ! title (  ano!r4 ,m>g>et
 ,m>y ,alacoque is ! apo/le ( ! ,sacr$  
,he>t ( ,jesus4    ,%e 0 a "y girl1 :o1 
l$ by ! p[] ( grace1 ent]$ !            
,visitation ,ord]1 sanctifi$ h] s\l1    
fulfill$ ! mission  appo9t$ = h] by     
,god1 di$ a sa9t1 & aft] dea? 0         
beatifi$ by ! *ur*4    ,! hi/ory be=e u 
tells admirably ! /ory ( h] life4 ,x  is
 an agreeable n>rative1 full (          
edification1 ( pleasant  anecdotes1 &   
int]e/+ details4    ,! be/ biographies 9
 ! _w are ^? ( ! sa9ts4 ,!y  n only give
 u in=mation1 b !y make u bett] ,x is   
impossible to read ! life ( "o devot$ to
 ,god's s]vice1 full  ( ! _s ( ,*ri/ian 
love & sacrifice1 )\t be+  /irr$ up to  
imitate1 9 "s degree1 ! example set be=e
 u4  ,! _w has its h]oes1 x is true1 &  
makes ! mo/ ( !m2  b religion has h]s   

also1 & x is n surpris+ if %e does  !   
same2 ! less s1 z ^? :om %e exalts &    
honors are 9  e respect s mu* ! m wor?y 
( our admiration &  rev]5ce4    ,he does
 a positive good to humanity1 !re=e1 :o 
calls  att5tion to ! life & de$s ( !    
,*ri/ian h]o4 ,t 0 a  good answ] ( !    
holy fa!r4 ,i am compla9$ (1 said he1  =
 canoniz+ s _m sa9ts2 b x is a fault ,i 
_c  promise to am5d4 ,h we n m ne$ ?an  
ev] ( int]cessors  9 heav51 & models (  
religi\s virtue 9 ! _w8    ,! /yle ( !  
translation ( ! pres5t memoir does n    
please u4 ,x be>s signs ( ha/e & lit]>y 
c>elessness4  ,:atev] may be ! "* ( !   
orig9al ,fr5* ( ,fa!r  ,daniel1 !       
,engli% ( ?is is v]bose1 weak1 &        
tiresome4 ,x  makes ! book l>g]1 x is   
true1 to use twice z _m words z  are    
ne$ful1 & to select ! longe/ words ( !  
diction>y to  say :at "o wants to say2 &
 we may add1 x makes x heavi]1  too4 ,x 
is a common fault ( religi\s            
biographies4 ,nei!r is  ! /yle ( !      
publication praisewor?y4 ,its typography

 is  close & heavy1 & pres5ts any?+ b an
 invit+ page4 ,if  ?is book 7 read to u1
 we %\ld g to sleep2 & if we 7  to read 
x ?r\gh ourselves )\t giv+ our eyes     
frequ5t  repose1 we %\ld s]i\sly damage 
our eye-sight4    ,nev]!less1 x is a    
good book2 x is writt5 on a good        
subject1  & w d good2 & z su* our ?anks 
are due to bo?  translator & publi%]1 ^:
 ef=ts t[>d ! =mation ( a  ,ca?olic     
lit]ature & ! fo/]+ ( ,ca?olic piety 9 !
  reproduction ( works l ! pres5t w n   
fail ( e>n+ a  high] rew>d ?an any am\nt
 ( comm5dation on our "p is  wor?4      
--------    #bhh        ,!              
,battle-fields ( ,irel&1 ,f #afhh to    
#afia1    includ+ ,lim]ick & ,a?lone1   
,aughrim1 & ! ,boyne4    ,be+ an outl9e 
( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,jacobite    ,w>s 9     
,irel& & ! ,causes :i* l$ to x4    #a   
vol4 #abmo1 pp4 #cbc4 ,new ,york3 ,rob]t
 ,codd+ton4 #ahfg4      ,^? :o wi% to   
read t portion ( ! sad record (         
,irel&'s *eck]$ hi/ory :i* l$ to its    
subjugation to !  ,pr9ce ( ,orange w f9d

 ?is volume sadly int]e/+4 ,l  all (    
,irel&'s hi/ory s9ce ! adv5t ( ,/rongb[ 
& 8  robb]s1 x pres5ts ! usual am\nt (  
blund]s1 mi/akes1  jeal\sies1 & trea*]y 
on ! "p ( ^? :o %\ld h  be5 fai?ful to  
_! c\ntry4 ,?is epo* 9 ,irel&'s hi/ory  
has be5 famili> to u s9ce boyhood1 & we 
?9k ! au?or  has done 8 "p ( ! "w       
fai?fully & hone/ly4 ,8  description ( !
 battles ( ! ,boyne & ( ,aughrim are    
concise & 9 ! ma9 correct2 b we ?9k he  
ov]e/imates  ,william's army 9 !        
fir/-m5tion$ battle4 ,8 ass]tion1 9 a   
note on page #cjd1 t ! dogg]el1 kn[n z !
 ,battle (  ,aughrim1 0 writt5 by       
,g>rick1 is an error4 ,x 0 !  production
 ( ,ri*>d ,a%ton1 an ,engli%man4    ,!  
book is h&somely pr9t$1 & makes a v     
respectable-look+ volume4    ------     
,! ,life ,( ,/4 ,aloysius ,gonzaga1 ( ! 
,company ( ,jesus4    ,philadelphia3    
,pet] ,f4 ,cunn+ham4 #ahfg4    ,!       
republication ( ! ,engli% edition ( ?is 
life w meet1  we are sure1 ) univ]sal & 
he>ty comm5dation4 ,su* a book  z ?is is

 "o = all ,ca?olic p>5ts to pres5t to _!
  *ildr51 t !y may le>n h[ "o may become
 a sa9t ev5 9  y\?4 ,read+ ! lives ( su*
 holy "y m5 z a ,/4 ,aloysius  or a ,/4 
,/anislaus ,ko/ka1 our memory goes back 
to ! fri5ds  ( our own y\?1 :5 !y )     
ourself ?\ght x necess>y to  wait until 
we grew to be m5 be=e we c\ld get       
religion4 ,we  advise our read]s to d   
:at we w\ld wi% to d ourself--give a    
copy ( ?is book to e ,prote/ant "y man (
 _!  acqua9tance4 ,! p]usal ( x w %[ !m 
h[ a ,ca?olic boy  gets religion :5 he  
is baptiz$ a ,*ri/ian1 & may possess    
religion 9 its p]fection & be a sa9t at 
an age :5 a  ,prote/ant boy is n expect$
 to h any religion at all4    ------    
,little ,pet ,books4    ,by ,aunt       
,fanny4    ,conta9+ ,books #a1 #b1 & #c4
    ,new ,york3 ,james ,o',kane1 #dhd   
,broadway4    ,^! little books are ! be/
 ones ) :i* we are acqua9t$  = *ildr54  
,!y conta9 pleas+ /ories1 writt5 9 pla91
  small words1 n m ?an five lett]s to   
ea* ^w--a difficult  task1 b "o :i* !   

gift$ au?oress has accompli%$ 9 a  mo/  
satisfactory mann]4 ,! illu/rations are 
good1 & !  books are pr9t$ on good pap]1
 b\nd 9 good /yle1 & put up  9 a neat   
box1 mak+ ! set "o ( ! be/ pres5ts t "o 
c\ld give1 ( ?is k9d ( books1 to a *ild4
    ------    ,f ,p4 ,o',%ea1      ,life
 ( ,lafayette1 writt5 = *ildr51    by   
,e4 ,cecil1 #bah pages1 #abmo4      ,!  
,be>s ( ,angu/5burg1 an ,episode 9      
,saxon ,hi/ory1    by ,gu/ave ,ni]itz2  
translat$ by ,trau]mantel2    #bea      
pages1 #abmo4      ,hurrah = !          
,holidays1    or ,! ,pleasures & ,pa9s (
 ,fre$om2    translat$ f ! ,g]man2      
#bbj pages1 #abmo4      ,nannie's ,jewel
 ,case1 or ,true ,/ories & ,false2      
,tales translat$ f ! ,g]man by          
,trau]mantel2    #bbc pages1 #abmo4     
,well ,begun is ,half ,done1    or ,!   
,"y ,pa9t] & ,fiddlehanns2    ,tales    
translat$ f ! ,g]man (    ,ri*>d ,b>on &
 ,dr4 ,c4 ,deuts*2    #bdf pages1 #abmo4
 ,price1 #a4be ea*4    ------    ,f ,d4 
,j4 ,sadli]  ,co41 ,new ,york1      ,!  

,book ( ,oratory1 compil$ = ! use (     
,colleges1    ,academies1 & ! ,high     
,classes ( ,select ,s*ools4    ,by a    
memb] ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,holy ,cross1    #a 
vol4 #abmo1 pp4 #fdh4    ------    ,f   
,f[l]  ,wells1 ,new ,york1      ,an     
,essay on ,man1 by ,alex&] ,pope1    &  
,! ,gospel among ! ,animals1    by      
,samuel ,osgood1 ,d4,d4 ,pap]4          
--------    #bhi          ,! ,ca?olic   
,_w4          ,vol4 ,,vi41 ,no4 #cc4    
,decemb]1 #ahfg4    ------      ,! ,?ird
 ,ca?olic ,congress ,( ,mal9es4      ,! 
anci5t city ( ,mal9es1 :i* has once m   
be5 ! seat (  "o ( ^? rem>kable ,ca?olic
 congresses already describ$ 9  our     
pages1 is well wor?y ( ! di/+ui%$ honor 
conf]r$  ^u x by ^! illu/ri\s           
assemblages4 ,a few words (  description
 w n1 !re=e1 be amiss1 z introductory to
 our  sket* ( ! proce$+s ( ! congress ( 
la/ ,septemb]4    ,! prov9ce ( ,s\?     
,brabant1 9 :i* ! city ( ,mal9es1 or1  z
 x is call$ 9 ,flemi%1 ,me*el51 is      
situat$1 has _h a mo/  v>i$ & ev5tful   

hi/ory4 ,hav+ orig9ally =m$ a "p (  !   
prov9ce ( ,belgic ,gaul1 "u ! ,roman    
empire1 x 0  successively includ$ 9 !   
doma9s ( ! ,franki% &  ,au/rasian       
k+doms1 & ( ! du*y ( ,lorra9e4 ,9 ! ye> 
#ajje1 ,brabant1 includ+ ,nor? ,brabant 
:i* is n[ a prov9ce (  ,holl& z well z !
 ,belgian prov9ce ( ,s\? ,brabant1 0    
erect$ into a du*y4 ,godfrey ( ,b\illon 
0 "o ( its dukes4  ,its indep5d5ce ceas$
 9 #adbi1 :5 x 0 annex$ to ,burgundy4   
,9 #adhd x pass$ "u ! dom9ion ( ! emp]or
 ( ,g]many1  at ! dea? ( ,*>les ,v4 0   
transf]r$ to ,spa91 aga9  rev]t$ to     
,g]many at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1
  0 annex$ by conque/ to ,france 9      
#agid1 tak5 f ,france &  annex$ to      
,holl& by ! ,congress ( ,vi5na1 &       
f9ally1 by !  revolution ( #ahcj1 became
 a portion ( ! new k+dom (  ,belgium1 to
 :i* we wi% p]petuity & prosp]ity ) our 
:ole he>t4    ,s\? ,brabant cov]s an    
area ( #abfi squ>e miles1 conta9+ a     
population ( ab\t #gej1jjj4 ,x is a     
flat1 well-wood$ c\ntry1  cr[d$ )       

beautiful t[ns & villages1 int]sect$ by 
sev]al  riv]s & canals1 cultivat$       
?r\gh\t l a g>d51 & alive  ) ?rift &    
indu/ry4 ,! city ( ,mal9es is at ! po9t 
(  int]section ( ! pr9cipal ,belgian    
railways1 ab\t fifte5  miles f          
,brussels1 & at ! same di/ance f ,antw]p
 &  ,l\va94 ,! riv] ,dyle p>tly         
encircles & p>tly int]sects  ! city1    
af=d+ pleasant walks1 well %ad$1 on !   
outskirts1 & creat+ "s mo/ picturesque  
sc5es )9 !  t[n1 by w9d+ among "s ( !   
/reets1 ^: resid5ces &  w>eh\ses front  
^u ! riv]4  #bij  ,! railway depots h   
be5 kept1 by ! city au?orities1 on a    
remote outskirt ( ! t[n1 s t its quiet &
 antique  /reets are n di/urb$ by !     
noise & bu/le ( ! tra9s4  ,nor are !y   
di/urb$ by any o!r k9d ( noise or bu/le4
  ,:atev] bus9ess is done !re seems to  
be out ( sight &  he>+4 ,x is ! mo/     
quiet1 tranquil1 & clean city t c       
possibly be imag9$4 ,9 ! c5tre is a     
great public squ>e1  ^u :i* are situat$ 
! ca!dral1 ! headqu>t]s (  adm9i/ration1

 ! milit>y b>racks1 locat$ 9 a v antique
  & picturesque build+1 ! museum1 & two 
hotels1 z well z  num]\s %ops & h\ses4  
,9 ! c5tre ( ! squ>e /&s a  /atue (     
,m>g>et ( ,au/ria4 ,! city conta9s a    
population (  #cc1jjj4 ,! /reets are    
wide & regul>1 b w9d+4 ,ne>ly all  !    
build+s are :ite1 be+ ei!r con/ruct$ (  
:ite /one1  or cov]$ ) a v f9e & durable
 :ite /ucco4 ,among !m  are num]\s      
resid5ces ( great com=t & elegance1 "s (
  !m really palatial1 al?\gh _! ext]ior 
surface is  p]fectly pla9 & simple1 )\t 
por*es1 balconies1 or gr&  entrances1 to
 relieve _! monoton\s smoo?ness1 or     
break up  ! cont9uity ( :ite wall :i*   
gives ,mal9es ! appe>ance  ( a city (   
mural monum5ts4 ,! great metropolitan   
ca!dral (  ,/4 ,rumbold1 9 ! ,gr&       
,place1 pres5ts1 h[ev]1 a /rik+  contra/
 to ?is g5]al effect ( uni=m & brilliant
  :it5ess1 by its va/ mass ( d>k /one & 
its imm5se  unf9i%$ t[]1 #cdj feet high1
 :i* dom9e]s 9 d>k1 sombre  gr&eur ov] !
 city4 ,return+ on ! ,saturday night    

be=e  ! congress to ,mal9es1 f ,o/5d1 9 
company ) a fri5d  :o has travell$      
?r\gh\t all ,europe & se5 all its f9e/  
*ur*es1 we 7 p>ticul>ly impress$ by !   
great beauty (  ! picture pres5t$ by !  
,gr& ,place & ! ca!dral 9 a  v cle>     
moonlight & our fri5d rem>k$ t he nev]  
saw  any?+ m gr& ?an ! view ( ! va/1 d>k
 ca!dral1  ov]%ad[+ ! :ite walls ( !    
adjac5t build+s1 &  t[]+ above !m 9     
/rong relief aga9/ _! moon-bright       
surfaces4 ,not)/&+ ! sne]s ( ,m4        
,ba$ek]1 !  ca!dral ( ,mal9es is a truly
 gr& & impos+ *ur*4 ,x 0  comm5c$ 9 !   
twelf? & complet$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury2  !
 t[]1 :i* is sl[ly gr[+ upw>d t[>d its  
propos$  height ( #dhj feet1 0 comm5c$ 9
 #adeb1 ) ! aid (  contributions f !    
pilgrims :o resort$ !re to ga9 !        
indulg5ces ( ! crusade1 grant$ by       
,ni*olas ,v4 ,! patron  sa9t ( !        
ca!dral1 call$ 9 ,fr5* ,/4 ,rombaut1 9  
,flemi%  ,/4 ,rumbold1 & 9 ,engli% ,/4  
,rumold1 0 ! fir/ apo/le (  ,brabant4   
,he is suppos$ by _m writ]s to h be5 an 

,iri%man1  al?\gh o!rs ?9k t he 0 an    
,engli%man4 ,n be+ able  to =m any      
op9ion ( our own on ?is po9t1 we w take 
leave  to quote :at ,alban ,butl] says  
on ! subject3      ,! place ( ,/4       
,rumold's bir? is conte/$4 ,accord+ to  
c]ta9 ,belgic & o!r m>tyrologies1 he 0 (
 ! blood    royal ( ,scotl& 7z ,irel& 0 
!n call$7 & ,bi%op (    ,dubl94 ,?is    
op9ion is ably support$ by ,f4 ,hugh    
,w>d1 an    ,iri% ,franciscan1 a man    
well skill$ 9 ! antiquities ( 8         
c\ntry1 9 a "w entitl$ ,diss]tatio      
,hi/orica de vit et    patri1 ,s4       
,rumoldi1 ,ar*iepiscopi ,dubl9i5sis1    
publi%$    at ,l\va91 9 #affb1 9 #dto4  
,! le>n$ ,pope ,b5$ict ,,xiv4    seems  
to adjudge ,/4 ,rumold to ,irel&1 9 8   
lett]s to !    prelates ( t k+dom1 dat$ 
! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #agda1    :]e9 are !    
foll[+ words3 ',if we 7 dispos$ to      
rec\nt ^? mo/ holy m51 ,columbanus1     
,kilianus1 ,virgilius1    ,rumoldus1    
,gallus1 & _m o!rs :o br\ght !          
,ca?olic fai? out ( ,irel& into o!r     

prov9ces1 or    illu/rat$ by %$d+ !     
blood ( m>tyrdom4' 7,hib4 ,dom4         
,suppl4 p4 #hca47 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,jann+1 
! ,boll&i/1    und]takes to prove t ,/4 
,rumold 0 an ,engli% ,saxon4            
,footnote #de        ,footnote #de3     
,butl]'s ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts1 ,july #a4   
,note4    #bia    ,:e!r ,/4 ,rumold 0   
,iri% or ,engli%1 at all ev5ts 8        
reputation z an ,iri% sa9t obta9$ = u ! 
pleasure (  hav+ two v agreeable prie/s 
f ,irel& to d9e ) u  "o ,sunday         
aft]noon1 :o _h /opp$ en r\te =         
,aix-la-,*apelle 9 ord] to visit !      
ca!dral4    ,/4 ,rumold1 aft] sp5d+ !   
e>li] "p ( 8 life 9 a  mona/]y1 w5t to  
,rome 9 ord] to receive ! apo/olic      
bless+ ( ! pope & au?ority to prea* !   
fai? 9 !  !n hea!n c\ntry ( ,l[]        
,g]many4 ,he 0 consecrat$ bi%op  at "s  
p]iod ( 8 mission>y life1 :5 we are n   
in=m$1  & conv]t$ a great numb] ( ! p ( 
,brabant4 ,he 0  assass9at$ by "s wick$ 
m5 ^: crimes he _h reprov$1 on  ! #bd? (
 ,june1 #gge1 & is !re=e honor$ z a     

m>tyr4 ,a  *ur* 0 built to honor 8      
memory & receive 8 relics at  ,mal9es1 &
 ^! are /ill pres]v$ & v5]at$ 9 !       
pres5t ca!dral1 ! successor ( ! orig9al 
*ur* ( ,/4  ,rumbold4 ,! *ur* ( ,mal9es 
0 made a metropolitan see by  ,paul     
,,iv41 & is n[ ! primatial see (        
,belgium1 includ+  ,brussels )9 its     
diocesan limits4 ,9 m rec5t times1 !    
ar*bi%ops h usually be5 rais$ to !      
dignity ( c>d9als4  ,! ,c>d9al de       
,frank5b]g1 :o gov]n$ ! see 9 ! reign ( 
,joseph ,,ii41 di/+ui%$ himself by 8    
firm opposition to !  anti-ca?olic      
policy ( t emp]or4 ,c>d9al de ,mean1 :o 
di$  9 #ahca1 & has a beautiful monum5t 
9 ! ca!dral1 has left  beh9d him !      
reputation ( an intrepid & valiant      
def5d] (  ! rights ( ! *ur* 9 mo/       
difficult & dang]\s times4  ,c>d9al de  
,/]ckx is ! pres5t ,ar*bi%op ( ,mal9es1 
a  prelate advanc$ 9 ye>s1 b /ill reta9+
 ! full vigor (  m9d & body1 &          
univ]sally belov$ = 8 patri>*al         
b5ignity & mildness ( "*1 z 0 evid5t by 

!  g5u9e & he>tfelt w>m? ( ! expressions
 ( atta*m5t  :i* greet$ 8 pres5ce at !  
congress4    ,! *apt] consi/s (         
tw5ty-two resid5t canons1 :o *ant !     
entire (fice ) great solemnity e day4 ,!
 int]ior ( !  ca!dral is impos+1 &      
conta9s "s f9e pictures1  especially a  
,crucifixion by ,v&yke1 a ,la/ ,supp] by
 ,w\t]s1  & o!r pa9t+s by ,flemi% ma/]s4
 ,! *imes ( !  ca!dral t[]1 :i* are     
unusually melodi\s & joy\s 9  _! tone1  
r+ at ! /rik+ ( ! h\rs & half-h\rs1 &   
on _m o!r occasions1 especially on      
fe/ivals & _! eves1  :5 !y are rung     
almo/ )\t cessation dur+ ! great]  "p ( 
! day1 ) a v fe/ive & enliv5+ effect4   
,!re are eight or t5 o!r *ur*es1 "s ( !m
 v l>ge  & ( impos+ ar*itecture1 ! mo/  
rem>kable ( :i* is !  *ur* ( ,notre     
,dame d',hanswyck1 on ! outskirts ( !   
city1  conta9+ a picture by ,rub5s ( !  
miracul\s draught (  fi%es4 ,/4 ,john's 
*ur* has a picture ( ! ,adoration ( !   
,magi1 & sev]al small] pictures1 all by 
,rub5s1 =m+ an  alt>-piece ) w+s on !   

high alt>4  #bib  ,/4 ,pet]'s 0 =m]ly ! 
,jesuits' *ur*1 & "s adjac5t  build+s 7 
once us$ z a novitiate4 ,"h ! ,b4 ,john 
,b]*mans1 ^: picture is 9 ! *ur*1 liv$ =
 a "t2 &  "h are /ill memorials ( !     
noble ord] s unju/ly expell$  f _!      
peaceful home1 9 a beautiful m>ble /atue
 ( ,/4  ,francis ,xavi] plac$ 9 a       
recumb5t position "u ! high  alt>1 & 9 a
 s]ies ( l>ge pa9t+s on ! side walls    
repres5t+ sc5es 9 ! life ( ! sa9t4 ,!   
c>v$ "w (  ! pulpit & ! confessionals 9 
?is *ur* is rem>kably  f9e1 & 9 g5]al   
?is is ! case ?r\gh\t ,belgium4    ,!re 
is a l>ge & commodi\s gr& sem9>y at     
,mal9es1 a  little sem9>y1 :i* is on a  
correspond+ scale (  complet5ess &      
ext5t1 & a college4 ,!re are sev]al     
religi\s communities ( m5 & wom51 &1 "u 
! c>e (  "o ( ! latt]1 a v ext5sive &   
well-built hospital (  rec5t            
con/ruction4    ,! motto ( ! city1 ,9   
fide con/ans1 0 conf]r$  ^u x two       
c5turies & a half ago by "o ( ! emp]ors 
(  ,g]many1 & is /ill appropriate1      

not)/&+ ! /r5u\s  & 9 "p successful     
ef=ts ( ! anti-ca?olic p>ty to  s$uce ! 
population f _! fidelity to ! *ur*4     
,mal9es  is /ill "o ( ! mo/ ?or\ghly &  
op5ly ,ca?olic cities (  ,europe4 ,x    
w\ld be impossible to f9d m intellig5t1 
c\rage\s1 w>m-he>t$1 or dev\t ,ca?olics 
?an are f\nd 9  great numb]s among !    
nobility & high] classes4 ,a l>ge       
proportion ( ! p are also1 z inde$      
?r\gh\t ,belgium1  especially 9 ! c\ntry
 places1 s9c]ely atta*$ to _!  religion 
& 9 ! habit ( comply+ ) its duties4     
,nev]!less1 ev5 9 ,mal9es t infidel     
clique call+ itself  ! lib]al p>ty1 :i* 
has ! control ( ! adm9i/ration1  is able
 to influ5ce a suffici5tly l>ge numb] ( 
! vot]s to  c>ry all ! elections4 ,we 7 
in=m$ by intellig5t  g5tlem5 ( ,mal9es t
 ?is is due 9 great measure to !        
(ficial patronage 9 connection ) !      
railway sy/em1 :i*  is a /ate affair1 & 
places a great numb] ( appo9tm5ts 9  !  
h&s ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,a l>ge class are also
 exclud$ f  vot+ 9 ,belgium by ! peculi>

 law ( prop]ty qualification4  ,! keep]s
 ( e/am9ets1 z ! dr9k+-%ops are call$1  
are  also !re z "h a v num]\s class1 &  
possess$ ( great  influ5ce 9 politics1  
all ( :i* is on ! side ( !              
pseudo-lib]als4    ,! lib]al p>ty is    
und\bt$ly ?or\ghly anti-ca?olic &       
infidel 9 its pr9ciples & aims4         
,nev]!less1 z ! devil  kn[s bett] ?an to
 s5d up 8 c>te-de-visite ) 8 "n  &      
lik5ess on x1 ! lead]s ( t p>ty are     
adroit &  plausible en\gh to c>ry ) !m n
 only ! portion ( !  p :i* is corrupt1 b
 also a numb] ( good &  well-mean+      
,ca?olics1 z well z a l>ge numb] ( ^? :o
  are apa!tic & indiff]5t4 ,all ! bad   
,ca?olics are  lib]als1 we 7 told1 b n  
all ! lib]als are bad  ,ca?olics4 ,x is 
a great disgrace1 h[ev]1 to su* an      
anci5t  & ,ca?olic city z ,mal9es1 t !  
anti-ca?olic p>ty %\ld  rule x1 & we    
hope ! /a9 on its escut*eon may ere long
 be  wip$ (f4    ,on ! ,sunday morn+    
be=e ! op5+ ( ! congress1 x 0  difficult
 to imag9e t any?+ ( ! sort 0 at h&4    

,ev]y?+ look$ z quiet z usual1 & !re 7  
no visible  signs ( any great influx (  
/rang]s4 ,all at once1 h[ev]1 !         
congress came1 l ! sun bur/+ sudd5ly 9  
its full  spl5dor out ( a cl\d4  #bic   
,! prep>ations _h be5 made quietly b    
effici5tly1 &  dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,sunday
 aft]noon "o became aw>e all  at once ( 
some?+ go+ on4 ,! city appe>$ to become 
full  at once1 z if by magic1 ( a ?\s&  
or m ( cl]gym5 &  lay g5tlem5 f v>i\s   
p>ts ( ,belgium1 ,france1 & o!r         
c\ntries ( ! _w1 & ev5 a few adv5tur\s  
ladies made  _! appe>ance at ! tables d'
 hte ( ! hotels4 ,!  c5tral bureau ( !  
congress held its prelim9>y session on  
,sunday aft]noon1 & dur+ ! c]emony (    
tea1 at our hotel on  ! ,gr& ,place1 ,m4
 ,ducpetiaux1 ! f\nd]1 ! prime mov]1 &  
! secret>y-g5]al ( ! congress1 made 8   
appe>ance1 )  v>i\s r$ & blue tickets & 
pr9t$ programmes 9 8  pockets1 :i*      
indicat$ t ! ball 0 ab\t to op54    ,"u 
! guidance ( ?is exp]i5c$ pilot1 we put 
out into !  hi!rto unkn[n sea (         

congressional life1 by cross+ ! ,gr&    
,place t[>d ! ca!dral1 to take "p 9 a   
reunion giv5 by an  association ( "y m51
 call$ ,! ,circle ( ,loyalty4 ,z we     
approa*$ ! place ( meet+1 ! fir/ object 
:i* greet$  our eyes 0 a brilliant1     
semicircul> jet ( gas ov] ! ar*$        
entrance to a g>d5 enclos$ by a high    
wall1 =m+ ! words1  ,c]cle ,ca?olique4  
,a cr[d ( juv5ile ,flam&]s )  _! broad  
backs & good-humor$ c\nt5ances1 wat*$1 &
  *att$1 & peep$ ab\t ! outside1 z is   
always ! case )  ! boys ( all c\ntries  
:5ev] !re are great do+s go+  on f :i*  
!y are exclud$4 ,inside ! gate1 :i* 0   
vigilantly gu>d$ by well-dress$ "y m5   
clo!d ) !  usual badges ( (fice1 we f\nd
 ourselves 9 ! mid/ ( a  g>d5 fill$ ) a 
gay & talkative cr[d ( prie/s 9  v>i\s  
sorts ( ecclesia/ical co/umes1 & (      
g5tlem5 ( all  ages & _m c\ntries1 all  
mak+ !mselves z social &  happy z       
possible4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ! g>d51 we 7 u%]$
  into ! l>ge & commodi\s build+ :i* =ms
 ! hall (  ! association1 & :i* 0 also  

fill$ ) ! memb]s (  ! circle & ( !      
congress f top to bottom4 ,9 ! fir/     
room we ent]$1 we f\nd ! presid5t ( !   
circle1 ,m4 ,cann>t  d',hamalle1 "o ( ! 
pr9cipal g5tlem5 ( ,mal9es1 & a  memb] (
 ! ,belgian s5ate1 9 full ev5+ dress1   
receiv+  ! memb]s z !y arriv$1 ) t      
c\rtly & at ! same  "t cordial polit5ess
 9 :i* ! ,belgians excel all o!rs4  ,f !
 l[] ap>tm5ts ( ! hall we 7 soon summon$
 to  ! audi5ce-room above1 :]e spee*es 7
 made & applaud$  con amore1 & a musical
 ent]ta9m5t giv5 by a *oir  & or*e/ra1  
consi/+ ( ,belgian national hymns1 !    
hymn (  ,pius ,,ix41 & conclud+ ) an    
exquisite morceau on !  violoncello by a
 "y arti/ ( m]it1 :i* 0 vehem5tly       
applaud$4 ,^! social reunions 7 cont9u$ 
)\t !  =malities e ev5+ dur+ ! week4    
,! congress 0 op5$ on ! next morn+4 ,!  
place ( meet+  0 ! little sem9>y1       
situat$ on ! outskirts ( ! city1  ne> ! 
b\lev>d :i* skirts ! banks ( ! riv]     
,dyle4 ,!  gr\nds & build+s ( ! sem9>y  
are extremely conv5i5t  = ! purpose4 ,! 

build+s are ext5sive1 &1 toge!r )  !    
high wall connect+ !m1 enclose a l>ge1  
quadrangul>  space4 ,)9 ?is space !     
memb]s ( ! congress assembl$ at  an e>ly
 h\r on ,monday4  #bid  ,! entrances 7  
gu>d$ by "y m5 ( ! ,circle ( ,loyalty1  
:o =m$ a body ( volunte] police &       
commiss>iat dur+ !  sessions ( !        
congress1 p]=m+ _! duties 9 su* a  mann]
 z to receive well-m]it$ eulogiums      
approv$ by !  entire assembly1 ! mo/    
eloqu5t & delicate ( :i* came  f ! lips 
( ! ,c\nt de ,fall\x4 ,! illu/ri\s      
/atesman  & orator1 ) t felicity & *>m+ 
grace ( mann] &  expression :i* are 8   
peculi> *>act]i/ics1 utt]$ !  s5tim5t1  
dur+ "o ( 8 spee*es1 t ! array (        
,ca?olic  y\? 9 att5dance ^u ! congress 
0 its mo/ beautiful &  attractive       
feature1 & seem$1 z x 71 l a little     
legion  ( ,/anislas ,ko/kas4    ,9 !    
enclosure ( ! sem9>y1 ev]y?+ 0 arrang$  
:i*  c\ld facilitate ! bus9ess ( !      
congress or promote !  com=t & conv5i5ce
 ( its memb]s4 ,a po/-(fice1 boo?s =  ! 

sale ( newspap]s & = writ+ lett]s1 a    
re/aurant  :]e refre%m5ts c\ld be obta9$
 at all h\rs1 & :]e a  d9n] 0 provid$ e 
day1 ) o!r simil> conv5i5ces1  7        
e/abli%$ on ! premises4 ,! assembly-room
 0 a l>ge  exhibition hall1 ta/efully   
decorat$ ) ! bu/s ( ! pope  & k+1 !     
flags ( v>i\s nations1 & appropriate    
mottoes4  ,all ! memb]s ( ! congress 7  
furni%$ ) a ticket (  memb]%ip2 no o!r  
p]sons be+ admitt$ )9 ! enclosure1      
except a few ladies1 = :om seats 7      
res]v$4 ,special  tickets = res]v$      
places & ! plat=m 7 giv5 to !  =eign    
memb]s & o!rs specially privileg$4 ,!   
numb] (  memb]s 9 att5dance dur+ ! week 
0 ab\t ?ree ?\s&1 a  l>ge proportion (  
:om 7 assembl$ at ! place (  r5dezv\s on
 ,monday morn+1 ! majority be+ cl]gym5  
dress$ 9 ! v>i\s ecclesia/ical co/umes (
 ,belgium1  ,france1 & ,g]many1 ) a     
spr9kl+ ( ! picturesque habits  ( ! old 
religi\s ord]s4 ,at ! appo9t$ h\r1 all  
mov$ 9  a procession1 n rem>kably well  
ord]$1 b v dignifi$ &  respectable 9    

appe>ance1 to ! ca!dral1 ?r\gh a d\ble  
h$ge ( citiz5s l9+ ! /reets1 by a pretty
 long r\te1  along :i* _m ( ! h\ses &   
%ops 7 decorat$ )  bann]s1 armorial     
be>+s1 & o!r ornam5ts ( a fe/al &       
welcom+ nature4 ,aft] ! arrival ( !     
procession1 pontifical  ,mass 0         
celebrat$ by ! c>d9al1 a numb] (        
,belgian &  =eign bi%ops & prelates     
assi/+1 & ! procession  return$ once m  
to ! sem9>y1 :]e ! op5+ session 0  held4
    ,! c>d9al1 :o is always ! honor>y   
presid5t ( !  congress1 on 8 arrival at 
! hall ( assemblage1 assum$ !  *air amid
 l\d *e]s & vivas1 &1 aft] pron\nc+ a   
%ort  pray]1 deliv]$ a brief & pat]nal  
allocution4 ,at ! close  ( 8 allocution1
 he desc5d$ f ! plat=m to a *air 9      
front ( x1 ne> :i* 7 plac$ *airs = !    
prelates4  ,among ! =eign bi%ops assi/+ 
at ! congress 7 !  ,patri>* ( ,antio*1 !
 ,ar*bi%op ( ,bosra1 ,vic>-,apo/olic (  
,b5gal1 ! ,vic>-,apo/olic ( ,alex&ria1 !
 ,ar*bi%op ( ,rio  ,gr&e 9 ,brazil1 !   
,bi%op ( ,vanc\v]1 ! ,bi%ops ( ,nat*ez  

& ,*>le/on1 ,u4 ,s41 & ,*a?am1 ,n4 ,s42 
,mgr4 de ,m]ode 0  also pres5t dur+ !   
e>ly "p ( ! session4 ,mgr4  ,dupanl\p1  
,pre ,hyac9!1 & ! ,c\nt de ,fall\x came 
by  special invitation z ! great orators
 ( ! congress4 ,a few  cl]gym5 & g5tlem5
 f ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,pol&1 ,spa91       
,holl&1 & ,am]ica1 a mod]ately l>ge     
numb] f ,france1 &  "s scatt]+          
individuals f almo/ ev]y:]e1 repres5t+1 
x 0 said1 eighte5 diff]5t nations1 made 
up ! =eign  elem5t ( ! congress4  #bie  
,among ! m di/+ui%$ =eign memb]s ( !    
congress1  7 ,mgr4 ,kub9ski1 rector ( ! 
sem9>y ( ,pe/h1 9 ,hung>y2  ,mgr4       
,woodlock1 rector ( ! ,ca?olic univ]sity
 ( ,dubl92 ,f4  ,=mby1 ( ,engl&2 ,mgr4  
,sacr1 rector ( ! ,belgian ,college 9   
,rome2 ,b>on de ,ba*1 =m]ly ,au/rian    
ambassador at ,rome2  ,*evali] ,alb]i ( 
,flor5ce2 ,visc\nt de la ,fu5te1        
pr(essor (  canon law 9 ! ,univ]sity (  
,madrid2 ,don ,man y ,flaqu]1 an  em95t 
,spani% publici/2 ,c\nt ,cieszk[ski1 (  
,pol&2 ! ,abb  ,br\w]s1 editor ( ! ,tyd1

 ( ,am/]dam1 etc4 ,!  /rang]s 7 treat$ )
 m>k$ di/9ction & ! mo/  cordial k9dness
 by _! ,belgian confrres4 ,nev]!less1   
ap>t f ! brilliant orators f abroad1 ^: 
eloqu5ce 0  *iefly direct$ to an object 
id5tical ) ! special &  local purposes (
 ! active memb]s ( ! congress1 !        
int]national "* ( ! assembly 0 mu* less 
m>k$ ?an  9 =m] ye>s4 ,engl& _h b "o    
repres5tative1 ,f4 ,=mby1  & o!r        
,european c\ntries 7 n /rongly          
repres5t$1 )  ! s+le exception (        
,france4 ,g]many _h its own congress a  
week aft] ! "o at ,mal9es2 & x appe>s   
probable t !  ,ca?olic congresses w     
become h]eaft] m & m  exclusively       
national1 occupi$ ) local affairs (     
practical  necessity1 & hav+ less ( ! "*
 ( int]national  runions4 ,! ,b>on della
 ,faille1 9 an article publi%$  9 ,la   
,revue ,g5]ale1 seems1 h[ev]1 to regret 
?is  t5d5cy1 & to desire t ! congress   
%\ld become m (  an int]national        
reunion4 ,! late congress 0 especially  
m>k$  by ?is practical & bus9ess-l "*1  

&1 if x fell  beh9d ! =m] ones some:at 9
 numb]s & clat1 0  probably increas$ 9  
practical utility by ?is v  circum/ance4
 ,?is is precisely ! view tak5 9 !      
,compte-,r5du ( ! congress publi%$ 9 ,le
  ,ca?olique ( ,brussels3      ,its     
labors w5t m directly to _! object1 _h  
some?+    ab\t !m /rong] & bett]        
develop$1 & a m practical    "*4 ,!     
accessory aspects occupi$ a small]      
space4    ,eloqu5ce1 ev5--we speak ( !  
eloqu5ce ( words1 n (                   
realities--play$ a less] rle4 ,we may   
say t    rhetorical display sc>cely     
appe>$ at all1 & t !re 0    a decid$    
pref]5ce = ! reality ( ideas & facts4   
,read    ! details ( ! g5]al sessions & 
( ! sections4 ,y    w see !re few]      
spee*es = effect1 b m t give            
in=mation & in/ruction4 ,! congress     
m$dl$ little )    speculations1 prop]ly 
s-call$2 x did n set =? any    religi\s 
or political metaphysics2 x proce$$ to  
its end by    ! %orte/ & sure/ r\tes4 ,!
 rights ( ! *ur*1 its    necessities1 ! 

lib]ty :i* x ne$s1 its p]ils & trials   
9 v>i\s c\ntries1 ! organization &      
results ( pi\s    und]tak+s1 ! means (  
propagat+ !m1 ! precise &    urg5t      
duties ( ,ca?olics 9 respect to         
religion1 su* 7    ! matt]s pr9cipally  
discuss$4    ,x may be well to /ate     
also1 9 ?is connection1 t purely        
political discussions 7 prohibit$ 9 !   
congress1 &  /rictly exclud$ f its      
delib]ations4    ,! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op ( 
,mal9es1 z we h said1 is always  !      
honor>y presid5t ( ! congress1 & x is by
 him t !  sessions are solemnly op5$ &  
clos$4 ,! active presid5cy is  confid$  
to "s di/+ui%$ ,belgian nobleman1 & ?is 
high  (fice has be5 hi!rto fill$ by !   
,b>on de ,g]la*e1 a  /atesman & patriot 
( "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s families (  !    
k+dom1 :o 0 ! presid5t ( ! national     
congress by  :i* ! con/itution 0        
e/abli%$1 & until ( late !  *ief judge (
 ! c\rt ( cassation4  #bif  ,! ,b>on de 
,g]la*e hav+ resign$ ! (fice ( presid5t 
(  ! ,ca?olic congress on acc\nt ( 8    

advanc$ age &  infirmities1 he 0        
associat$ ) ! c>d9al z honor>y          
presid5t1 9 ord] to te/ify ! gratitude &
 v5]ation (  ! ,ca?olics ( ,belgium = 8 
illu/ri\s c>e] ( public  s]vice2 & !    
(fice ( active presid5t 0 left vacant4  
,its  duties 7 p]=m$ ) great dignity &  
ability by ! fir/  vice-presid5t1 ,b>on 
,hippolyte della ,faille1 a s5ator &    
lead+ ,ca?olic /atesman4 ,! o!r         
vice-presid5ts 7  ,visc\nt ,k]ckhove1   
,mgr4 ,la=et1 rector magnificus ( !     
,univ]sity ( ,l\va91 ,visc\nt ,dubus de 
,gisignies1 s5ator1 &  ,c\nt de ,!ux1   
honor>y vice-presid5t1 to :om 7 add$ z  
honor>y vice-presid5ts ! ,c\nt de       
,fall\x & a numb] ( !  o!r =eign]s      
pres5t4 ,! c5tral bureau1 :i* is a      
supreme  c\ncil ( managem5t1 0 compos$ (
 ! active  vice-presid5ts1 ,m4          
,ducpetiaux1 secret>y-g5]al1 ) f\r  o!r 
secret>ies & a treasur]1 & t5 o!r       
g5tlem5 (  di/+ui%$ rank & "*1 ?ree (   
:om are cl]gym5 &  sev5 laym54 ,!       
presid5ts ( ! sections 7 ,c\nt          

,legrelle1  ,canon de ,ha]ne1 ,mgr4     
,la=et1 ,visc\nt ,dubus de ,gisignies1 &
  ,m4 ,de*amps1 ) a numb] (             
vice-presid5ts & secret>ies4  ,ab\t     
fifty or sixty cl]gym5 & lay-g5tlem5 (  
rank are ?us  plac$ at ! head ( !       
congress z memb]s ( ! c5tral &          
subord9ate bureaux1 con/itut+ really !  
work+ congress4  ,! great mass ( !      
memb]s1 ! majority ( :om are cl]gym5  ( 
,belgium1 con/itute ! audi5ce1 &        
coop]ate *iefly by  _! pres5ce &        
sympa?y1 al?\gh any memb] is at lib]ty  
to  att5d any section & ga9 a he>+ =    
himself1 if he has  any?+ to propose to 
! att5tion ( 8 colleagues4 ,!  measures 
to be propos$ are initiat$ by ! c5tral  
bureau1 s5t  d[n to ! appropriate       
section = discussion & prep>ation1  &1  
aft] approbation by ! c5tral bureau1    
laid be=e !  congress = _! ratification1
 :i* is usually giv5 )\t  fur!r         
discussion1 ei!r by acclamation or by a 
=mal vote4  ,! real bus9ess meet+s are  
consequ5tly ^? ( ! bureaux  & sections1 

! g5]al sessions be+ devot$ to he>+     
spee*es1 addresses1 & reports4 ,!       
sections meet dur+ !  morn+1 ! memb]s   
att5d+ any ( !m !y may *oose4 ,!y  are  
five 9 numb]4 ,! fir/ section is occupi$
 ) works (  ,ca?olic piety1 ! second )  
social sci5ce & works (  g5]al public   
improvem5t1 ! ?ird ) education1 ! f\r?  
) ,*ri/ian art1 & ! fif? ) ! ,ca?olic   
press4    ,! g5]al sessions are held    
dur+ ! aft]noon1 & at !  la/ congress "o
 ( ! ev5+s 0 devot$ to a musical        
ent]ta9m5t2 ano!r to a fte1 giv5 by !   
city1 9  ! ,botanical ,g>d52 & ! o!rs 7 
sp5t1 by _m ( !  memb]s1 9 social       
conv]sation at ! ,ca?olic circle4       
,be=e we give a rsum ( ! proce$+s ( ^!  
sectional & g5]al sessions ( ! late     
congress1 x may be  well to /ate !      
reasons1 objects1 & guid+ pr9ciples 9   
view ( :i* ! assemblage ( ^! congresses 
at ,mal9es has  be5 inaugurat$ & c>ri$  
on4 ,a great deal has be5 already       
publi%$ 9 our =m] numb]s ^u ?is topic2 b
 z our  read]s may h =gott5 x1 & n c>e  

to look x up afre%1  we ?9k x w enable  
!m to appreciate ! proce$+s ( !         
congress we are describ+ m ?or\ghly1 if 
we furni% !m  ! sub/ance anew 9 a brief 
& summ>y mann]4  #big  ,9 mak+ ?is      
explanation1 we %all be guid$ by !      
publi%$  & (ficial /atem5ts ( ,8 ,em95ce
 ! ,c>d9al de ,/]ckx1  ! ,b>on de       
,g]la*e1 & ,m4 ,ducpetiaux1 :i* are to  
be f\nd  9 ! au!ntic docum5ts ( ! fir/  
congress4    ,! necessity ( ! times :i* 
induc$ ! lead+ ,ca?olics (  ,belgium to 
conceive & execute ! plan ( convok+ a   
g5]al  assembly ( ! cl]gy & laity ( !   
k+dom1 "u !  auspices ( _! primate &    
bi%ops1 0 ! peculi> condition  ( !      
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 relation to ! civil    
adm9i/ration (  ! /ate4 ,! revolution ( 
#ahcj1 :i* sev]$ ,belgium f  ,holl& &   
made x an indep5d5t k+dom1 0 accompli%$ 
by  ! concurr5ce ( ! ,ca?olic majority (
 ! nobility &  p ) ! small] b m active &
 ent]pris+ lib]al  p>ty :o 7 !          
orig9ators ( ! movem5t4 ,by a simil>    
concurr5ce & compromise betwe5 ^! two   

totally diff]5t  elem5ts1 a con/itution 
0 =m$ on pr9ciples ( v  enl>g$ civil &  
religi\s lib]ty1 & a ,prote/ant pr9ce1  
,leopold ,i41 0 call$ to ! ?rone4 ,!    
late k+ is usually  spok5 ( by ,ca?olics
 z a mon>* ( honorable & upright  "*1 :o
 endeavor$ to fulfil ! duties entru/$ to
 him  9 a j & imp>tial mann]4           
,nev]!less1 x is q true  t ! position ( 
affairs ) a ,prote/ant sov]eign at !    
head ( a ,ca?olic p 0 an anomal\s "o1   
mo/ unfavorable  to ! int]e/s ( ! *ur* &
 af=d+ ! greate/  facilities to !       
s-call$ lib]als to obta9 a pr$om9ant    
influ5ce 9 ! /ate4 ,! ,ca?olic nobility 
& g5try1 ^:  position1 intellig5ce1 &   
weal? made !m ! mo/ capable (  tak+ !   
pr9cipal "p 9 direct+ political affairs1
 seem to  h be5 too apa!tic1 & to h     
confid$ too mu* 9 !  s9c]ity1 loyalty1 &
 good fai? ( ! opposite p>ty4 ,!        
consequ5ce 01 t ?is p>ty 0 all[$ to get 
! control  into its own h&s1 & enabl$ to
 secure an am\nt ( influ5ce  ov] ! p1 :o
 are fundam5tally good1 b too apa!tic to

  _! own highe/ int]e/s1 :i* has prov$ v
 dang]\s1 &  has ?reat5$ to prove v     
disa/r\s1 to religion4 ,!  accusation   
publicly made aga9/ ?is p>ty by ! grave/
 &  mo/ high-m9d$ /atesm5 ( ,belgium is1
 t x has pursu$ an  unremitt+ly p]fidi\s
 policy 9 direct violation ( !          
con/itution1 ! end ( :i* is to deprive !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*  ( t lib]ty & ^? rights 
solemnly gu>ante$ to x by !  fundam5tal 
law ( ! realm1 &1 z f> z possible1 to   
deca?olicize & un*ri/ianize ! p4 ,!     
,ca?olic  congress 0 call$ toge!r &     
organiz$ 9 ord] to unite !  mo/         
influ5tial laym5 ( ! k+dom ) ! lead+    
memb]s  ( ! cl]ical ord]1 to take c\nsel
 toge!r & adopt  measures = c\nt]act+   
?is anti-ca?olic1 infidel policy (  !   
pseudo-lib]al p>ty4 ,! honor ( orig9at+ 
?is glori\s  & happy ent]prise1 & ( do+ 
m ?an any o!r individual  to promote its
 success1 is ascrib$ by unanim\s cons5t 
to ,m4  ,ed\>d ,ducpetiaux1 ( ,brussels1
 a g5tleman ^: "n des]ves  to be enroll$
 ) ^? ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s b5efactors (  8 

c\ntry4  #bih  ,m4 ,ducpetiaux is a     
g5tleman ( weal? & high education1 !    
au?or ( "s valuable works on social     
sci5ce1 a correspond+  memb] ( ! ,fr5*  
,in/itute1 & 0 =m]ly  inspector-g5]al ( 
! prisons & public *>itable  in/itutions
 ( ,belgium4 ,x is impossible to f9d 9 !
 _w a  man m g5ial1 k9d-he>t$1 unassum+1
 & en]getic 9  prosecut+ e b5evol5t "w  
or "o m en?usia/ically  belov$ by ^? :o 
are associat$ ) him 9 ! noble cause  (  
promot+ ! ,ca?olic fai? 9 ,belgium &    
,europe4 ,happily  = ! int]e/s (        
religion 9 ?is anci5t ,ca?olic c\ntry1 a
  numb] ( o!r g5tlem5 ( ! highe/ /&+ & !
 mo/  ?or\gh ,ca?olic loyalty coop]at$ )
 him 9 8 great  und]tak+4 ,! wise1      
g5]\s1 & unfalt]+ patronage &  support (
 ! v5]able primate ( ,belgium1 ! ,c>d9al
  ,ar*bi%op ( ,mal9es1 cr[n$ x ) t      
sanction & imp>t$  to x t _s ( union ) !
 ,holy ,roman ,*ur* & !  hi]>*y1 :i* are
 ! gu>antee ( its g5u9e ,ca?olicity &  !
 vital pr9ciple ( its activity4 ,!      
congress 0 int5d$ to  s]ve z an in/rum5t

 = ?w>t+ ! de/ructive policy (  !       
infidel p>ty by comb9+ toge!r ^? zeal\s 
& loyal  ,ca?olics :o1 9 _! isolation & 
sep>ation1 7 9 dang]  ( los+ c\rage2    
reveal+ to !m _! real /r5g?1  animat+ _!
 fai? & ardor by able & eloqu5t         
addresses  f ! mo/ illu/ri\s *ampions ( 
! *ur*1 conc]t+ &  tak+ means to c>ry   
out all k9ds ( measures = pres]v+  &    
ext5d+ a ,ca?olic _s among ! p4 ,! m    
precise & def9ite objects to be aim$ at 
71 to w9 = !  *ur* ! full & p]fect      
possession ( h] lib]ty & o!r  div9e     
rights1 to promote ! cause ( ,ca?olic   
education1 to  make kn[n & give new     
impetus to all k9ds ( religi\s &        
*>itable works & associations already   
exi/+1 z well z to  f\nd new ones2 to   
provide = ! publication ( books1 tracts1
  magaz9es1 & newspap]s devot$ to ! s\nd
 & :olesome  in/ruction ( ! p2 to       
pres]ve1 re/ore1 & augm5t !  treasures (
 religi\s art2 & to "w = social re=m by 
alleviat+ ! burd5s1 mis]ies1 &          
privations ( ! labor+  classes4 ,!      

special reason = call+ a congress = ^!  
purposes 01 9 ord] t ! nobility & o!r   
influ5tial  classes ( ! laity might be  
br\ght into direct & imm$iate           
coop]ation ) ! cl]gy = promot+ & def5d+ 
!  sacr$ cause ( religion4 ,! words ( ! 
,mo/ ,em95t ,c>d9al  de ,/]ckx c>ry ) !m
 su* a weight ( au?ority & wisdom  on   
?is head1 n only on acc\nt ( 8 position 
z primate (  ! ,belgian hi]>*y1 b also f
 ! /ill high] rank :i*  he holds z a    
pr9ce ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 & f ! fact t  he
 has spok5 & act$ ?r\gh\t aft] seek+    
c\nsel &  direction f ! ,holy ,fa!r1 z  
well z f 8 own high  p]sonal "*1 t we w 
make a citation ( !m f 8  allocution at 
! op5+ ( ! fir/ congress3      ,x is    
true1 g5tlem51 t ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*    
belongs to ! cl]gy2 x is true t x is to 
! sov]eign    pontiff1 to ! bi%ops1 & to
 ! prie/s t ! deposit (    fai? & ! c>e 
( s\ls has be5 confid$4 ,x is to !m    t
 ! div9e ,f\nd] ( ! *ur* has said3 ',g1 
tea*    all nations1 baptiz+ !m 9 ! "n (
 ! ,fa!r1 & (    ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy    

,gho/4' ,x is to !m t ,he has    said3  
',y are ! light ( ! _w1 y are ! salt (  
! e>?4' ,nev]!less1 ! ,*ri/ian laity are
 also    call$ to contribute to !       
propagation ( ! gospel1 to    su/a9 &   
def5d ! *ur* ( ,god4  #bii    ,by       
baptism !y h become ! *ildr5 ( ! *ur*1 &
    !y are b\nd to take to he>t !       
int]e/s ( _! "m2    by confirmation !y h
 become soldi]s ( ! *ur*1 &    !y are   
b\nd to def5d h] aga9/ ! attacks ( h]   
enemies4 ,x is1 moreov]1 by ! practice (
 good works t we    are all oblig$1 bo? 
ecclesia/ics & laym51 to secure our     
salvation4 ',/rive1' says ! pr9ce (     
apo/les to all    ,*ri/ians )\t         
di/9ction1 '/rive to secure y\r         
vocation & election by ! practice ( good
 works4'      ,b1 if su* is ! duty ( !  
laity1 !y ought to conc]t    toge!r 9   
ord] to fulfil x ) zeal & p]sev]ance2 !y
    ought to comb9e & =m associations2  
!y ought to conf]    toge!r1 9 ord] to  
plan ! means ( do+ ) m    c]ta9ty &     
success t :i* !y c\ld only d 9 a v      

incomplete mann] if !y 7 ab&on$ to _!   
own    individual capacities4    ,we add
 "o m s5t5ce f ! same allocution1 :i*   
manife/s ! g5u9e & l>ge-m9d$ lib]ality (
 s5tim5t s  conspicu\s 9 ?is wise &     
v5]able prelate & 9 ! body (  em95t m5  
:o h _h ! pr9cipal direction ( !        
congress3      ,all hone/ op9ions may be
 express$1 all measures prop] =         
promot+ t :i* is good may be propos$4   
,bo? ! "o &    ! o!r may be def5d$1     
discuss$1 & combat$ ) !    greate/      
lib]ty2 b y w also be all ready to      
ab&on1 if    necess>y1 y\r s5tim5ts &   
y\r projects1 9 ord] to rally    to !   
support ( ^? measures :i* %all be judg$ 
to be    ! be/4 ,9 ?is way y w arrive at
 t p]fect union    :i* ! ,savi\r dem&$ =
 8 disciples3 ,y w all h    b "o he>t & 
"o s\l1 & ! success ( y\r labors w    be
 secur$4    ,!re c be no d\bt t !       
congress ( ,mal9es has  accompli%$ a    
great deal ( ! good contemplat$ by its  
em95t  & excell5t promot]s4 ,! m]e      
assemblage ( s _m f]v5t  ,ca?olics      

toge!r1 & ! enunciation ( _! common     
s5tim5ts1 wi%es1 & purposes1 h _h a     
great influ5ce 9  giv+ increas$ c\rage1 
confid5ce1 & zeal to ! fai?ful  adh]5ts 
( ! *ur* 9 ,belgium4 ,moreov]1 _m works 
( great  practical utility h ei!r be5   
inaugurat$ or h receiv$  additional     
ext5t & vigor4 ,among !m may be m5tion$ 
!  support giv5 to ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity
 ( ,l\va91 !  =mation ( a society among 
! alumni ( ! univ]sity1 !  e/abli%m5t ( 
,ca?olic circles ( "y m5 9 ! t[ns1 !    
=mation ( libr>ies1 ! e/abli%m5t (      
lectures &  conf]5ces1 ! =mation (      
*>itable & religi\s  associations1 !    
f\ndation ( a ,ca?olic publication h\se1
 !  multiplication ( books1 tracts1 &   
newspap]s1 ! c>e giv5  to ! pres]vation1
 repair1 & increase ( *ur*es1 !         
cultivation ( ! f9e arts 9 connection ) 
religion1 !  ef=ts made = !             
sanctification ( ! ,sunday & = !        
amelioration ( ! condition ( ! labor+   
classes4 ,x is  impossible to enum]ate  
all t has be5 done1 & w\ld require  a m 

m9ute k ( ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ,belgium ?an we
  possess--su* a k z is possess$ only by
 ^? :o h  be5 engag$ p]man5tly 9 ! "w ( 
! congress f !  beg9n+4    #cjj    ,9   
reg>d to ! "w ( ! congress lately held1 
our  in=mation is also mu* re/rict$ & v 
g5]al1 z we are  oblig$ to rely on !    
succ9ct reports already publi%$4 ,!     
meet+s ( ! sections be+ held            
simultane\sly 9 diff]5t  rooms1 & _!    
proce$+s be+ a cont9uation ( ^? (       
prec$+ congresses z well z ( a great    
numb] ( v>i\s  bran*es ( active ef=t    
c>ri$ on p]petually by ^? engag$  9 !m1 
we _c pret5d to give any complete &     
detail$  /atem5t ( practical results1 b 
m]ely an indication ( !  g5]al topics   
discuss$ & ! g5]al objects _h 9 view 9  
! measures adopt$4    ,9 ! fir/ section1
 ! topics discuss$ relat$ to !  ,*ri/ian
 burial ( ! poor1 ! sanctification ( !  
,sunday1  ! "w ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi] = !
 in/ruction ( labor+  m51 :i* has =ty   
?\s& memb]s f ?is class 9 !  cities (   
,belgium1 ! "w ( ,/4 ,francis ,regis =  

legitimat+  illicit unions & facilitat+ 
m>riages among ! poor1 & !  contribution
 9 aid ( ! pope call$ ,/4 ,pet]'s p5ce4 
,! second section 0 exclusively occupi$ 
) consid]+ !  int]e/ ( ! labor+ class & 
! relation ( capital to  labor1 !       
t]rible & at pres5t insoluble ,european 
"q  ouvrire4 ,! discussions 9 ?is       
section 7 m lively  & ! int]e/ excit$ m 
g5]al ?an 9 any o!r section4    ,! ?ird 
section discuss$ ?ree que/ions3    #a4  
,! attitude :i* ,ca?olics ought to take 
9 view ( ! w>  decl>$ aga9/ ! law (     
#ahdb1 & 9 ! ev5tuality ( its           
abrogation4    #b4 ,! means ( protect+ !
 s*ools ( ! middle class  aga9/ !       
incursions ( (ficial bureaucracy4    #c4
 ,! improvem5t to be introduc$ 9 !      
,ca?olic sy/em (  in/ruction1 "u :i*    
head ! improvem5t ( hi/orical           
text-books 0 especially consid]$4    ,! 
f\r? section discuss$ ! subject (       
in/ruction &  improvem5t 9 religi\s art1
 ! p]man5t exposition ( f9e  pa9t+s &   
/atu>y 9 *ur*es1 ! means ( develop+ &   

propagat+ religi\s art1 & lit]>y works  
imbu$ ) a  ,*ri/ian _s4 ,m4 ,bordeaux1  
an em95t ,fr5* ar*aeologi/1  0 pres5t1 &
 spoke ) ability 9 ?is section1 giv+    
int]e/+ details ( ! progress ( sacr$    
ar*aeology 9  ,france4 ,among o!r       
recomm5dations1 we 7 happy to f9d "o    
relative to ! removal ( ! ridicul\s     
images :i* disfigure  "s f9e *ur*es1 & !
 abolition ( ! unpleasant cu/om (  pay+ 
a franc to ! sacri/an = remov+ ! curta9s
 be=e  c]ta9 pictures4 ,desires 7       
express$ = ! publication ( a  manual (  
sacr$ ar*aeology & ar*itecture z a guide
 to  prie/s & ar*itects4    ,! fif?     
section _h a great numb] ( important    
que/ions  be=e x relat+ to ! ,ca?olic   
press1 ,ca?olic circles1  popul>        
lectures1 secret societies1 judicial    
oa?s1 etc41 :i*  x appe>s 7 n s well    
prep>$ be=eh& or dealt ) 9  s ?or\gh a  
mann] z ! que/ions laid be=e ! o!r      
sections4 ,! mo/ important resolution   
arriv$ at by ?is  section 0 t ( effect+ 
a union ( ! ,ca?olic circles =  "y m5 by

 means ( a c5tral organization4 ,!      
=mation (  simil> circles = ! b5efit ( !
 indu/rial classes1 &  ! giv+ ( popul>  
lectures on a m ext5sive scale1 7  also 
recomm5d$4    ,su* is an imp]fect &     
meagre outl9e ( ! "w accompli%$  9 !    
morn+ sessions ( ! sev]al congressional 
sections4  ,^! sessions 7 op5$ at eight 
or n9e o'clock1 &  cont9u$ until twelve 
or lat]4  #cja  ,at ?ree o'clock ! g5]al
 sessions ( ! congress 7  op5$1 cont9u+ 
until six or sev5 9 ! ev5+2 & we w  n[  
attempt to give a sket* ( _! proce$+s4  
,! op5+ ( ! congress by ! c>d9al has    
already be5  notic$4 ,aft] ,8 ,em95ce _h
 left ! presid5t's *air1 !  nom9ations (
 ! c5tral & sectional bureaux made by ! 
committee ( delegates 7 propos$ &       
ratifi$ by !  assembly1 & ! *air 0 tak5 
by ! ,b>on della ,faille1 :o  imm$iately
 pron\nc$ a long1 elaborately writt51 & 
extremely  able op5+ disc\rse4 ,! b>on  
is a g5tleman ( pla9 b  impressive      
dignity1 ^: entire be>+ & language be> !
  /amp ( solid s5se1 elevat$ pr9ciples1 

?or\gh  consci5ti\sness1 & quiet b      
indomitable c\rage4 ,a tone (  pr(\nd & 
deeply m$itative ,*ri/ian ?\ght & f]v5t 
,ca?olic piety pr$om9ates 9 8 disc\rses1
 ) a little  %ad[ ( sadness1 z if he    
felt ! great int]e/s ( !  *ur* & society
 to be 9 great dang]2 toge!r ) an       
und]curr5t ( suppress$ emotion1 z ( a j 
& high-m9d$  man indignant at ! bas5ess 
( ^? :o are fai?less to _!  duty t[>d   
,god & _! fell[-m52 z well z deeply     
resolv$  to be fai?ful to ! dea?        
himself1 at :atev] co/ ( selfi%         
int]e/s4    ,at ! outset ( 8 disc\rse1 !
 di/+ui%$ vice-presid5t  laid d[n !     
proposition t a /ate ( conflict is !    
p]petual condition ( ! *ur*1 & proce$$  
to develop 8  views conc]n+ ! radical   
causes ( ! ho/ility :i*  ,*ri/ianity    
p]petually excites 9 ! human bosom aga9/
 its  pr9ciples1 its precepts1 & its    
claim ( au?ority ov] reason1  consci5ce1
 & human activity4 ,?is "p ( 8 disc\rse 
0  pr(\ndly !ological1 ! views &        
reason+s pres5t$ be+  all d]iv$ f !     

doctr9e t man1 9 consequ5ce ( !  orig9al
 s9 into :i* he fell f 8 primitive /ate 
(  integrity1 f9ds a p]petual repugnance
 & /ruggle 9 8 own  bosom ( selfi%      
passion aga9/ ! sup]natural law4 ,?is   
repugnance & resi/ance t5ds to produce  
itself 9 society ev5  aft] x has be5    
*ri/ianiz$ & civiliz$1 9 ! =m ( a       
retrograde movem5t t[>d irreligion &    
b>b>ism4    ,! orator proce$$ !n to     
exam9e ! "q :e!r ?is  conflict c\ld be  
t]m9at$1 s f> z its di/urb+ influ5ce  on
 political tranquillity & ! peace (     
society is conc]n$1  by a re=mation or  
recon/ruction ( ! relations betwe5 !    
two ord]s1 spiritual & temporal1        
religion & society1 !  *ur* & ! /ate4   
,to ?is "q he address$ himself to  give 
a hi/orical solution1 argu+ f ! facts ( 
! pa/ z  to :at might be expect$ 9 !    
future4 ,:5 ! irreconcilable  adv]s>ies 
( ! tru?1 said ! orator1 ) en]gy &      
emotion1 te> ! /ate away f ! *ur*1      
reject ,*ri/1 ah6  g5tlem51 x is n 9    
ord] to create = u a m peaceful         

condition2 x is1 on ! contr>y1 9 ord] to
 attack u m  freely4 ,if ! civil p[]    
=ces itself to be imp>tial1 guid$  by   
reason alone1 x is n secure f error2 x w
 (t5 be  deceiv$1 & ! ,ca?olic religion1
 be+ incapable (  submitt+ to !         
manipulations ( ! temporal au?ority1 w  
always be ! fir/ ?+ m5ac$4 ,b :at if ?is
 same p[] is  malevol5t8 :at if x has   
fall5 into ! h&s ( our enemies8  ,!     
orator !n w5t on to su/a9 ! position ?us
 laid d[n by  a ref]5ce to ! actual     
policy ( ! s-call$ lib]al  gov]nm5ts (  
,europe t[>d ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  #cjb    
,he dem&$ t a s+le ,european /ate %\ld  
be indicat$1  :]e lib]alism is 9 p[]1   
:i* has n p]secut$ !  *ur*4 ,aft]       
reproa*+ ! bl9dness & apa?y ( a great   
numb] ( ,ca?olics :o hang loose f an    
active "p 9 !  conflict aga9/           
infidelity1 he set =?1 9 v =cible       
language1 ! common duty ( all to ma9ta91
 or r to make a  conque/ (1 ! lib]ties (
 ! *ur*4 ,?is1 he said1 c\ld  only be   
accompli%$ by an ob/9ate conflict ) !   

enemies (  ! *ur*1 9 :i* !re c\ld be ni 
paix ni trve4  ,t\*+ !n ^u ,belgium 9   
p>ticul>1 ! c\ntry :i*  lib]ty has made 
s fam\s1 he ask$ ! "q1 ,:at is !        
condition ( ?+s !re n[8 ,)\t disp>ag+ ! 
am\nt (  lib]ty /ill left to !m1 he     
decl>$ t !y _h already  lo/ en\gh to    
awak5 j regret 9 _! own m9ds1 & to      
sugge/ ! caution to _! too confid5t     
fri5ds3 ,d n  exagg]ate ! au?ority ( ?is
 example1 & take c>e =  y\rselves4 ,he  
!n w5t on to affirm t ! *ur* 9 ,belgium 
is combat$ 9 its religi\s & *>itable    
works--9 !  ex]cise ( wor%ip1 :]e x has 
new assaults to expect1 )\t  any respect
 = ! conditions :i* h be5 affix$ to     
*>itable in/itutions1 or to ! solemn    
engagem5ts ( !  /ate4 ,su*1 he exclaim$1
 is our situation1 9 spite ( our        
legislation :i* 0 favorable to u1 9     
spite ( promises !  mo/ =mal1 compacts !
 mo/ solemn4 ,else:]e1 he ask$1 is  !   
situation m favorable8 ,! orator !n     
d$uc$ !  conclusion :i* 0 ! f9al object 
aim$ at ?r\gh\t 8  closely reason$      

disc\rse1 t ! ,ca?olics ( ,europe mu/   
rely on !mselves alone1 & prep>e = a    
combat :i* mu/ be  su/a9$ ) c\rage1     
con/ancy1 & union4 ,9 ?is "p ( 8        
disc\rse1 ! b>on prov$ h[ legitimate is 
! title he has  receiv$ f 8 w>like      
ance/ors1 & we 7 rem9d$ ( !  old days & 
old sc5es ( ! *ivalr\s1 w>like ,ne!rl&s1
  :5 ! fa!rs ( ! peaceable g5tlem5 9 !  
co/ume (  civilians1 :o sat ^u ! plat=m 
or on ! floor ( !  congress1 rode =? )  
_! p5nons fly+1 clad 9 /eel  armor &    
coat ( mail1 to fight aga9/ ! paynim = !
 cross  & sepul*re4 ,we are ! *ildr5 ( !
 ,crusad]s6 he  exclaim$4 ,to a ?reat5+ 
infidelity let u oppose a new  crusade1 
& let u ea* "o br+ 8 own arms ) him4    
,on ! conclusion ( ! disc\rse1 :i* _h   
be5 frequ5tly  int]rupt$ by applause1 ! 
assembly gave l\d &  long-cont9u$       
expression to ! univ]sal s5tim5t (      
admiration ) :i* ?is introductory       
disc\rse ( !  illu/ri\s ,belgian        
/atesman 0 receiv$4    ,an address to ! 
,holy ,fa!r 0 !n vot$ by ! assembly2 !  

address 0 intru/$ to ,mgr4 de ,m]ode1 to
 be pres5t$ by him  to ,8 ,hol9ess on 8 
return to ,rome4 ,in=mation ( ! vote  0 
transmitt$ to ,rome by telegraph1 & 9   
response to x !  ,holy ,fa!r s5t 8      
b5$iction on ! op5+ ( ! congress1  &    
subsequ5tly ano!r b5$iction on its      
close4 ,aft] "s  communications f !     
secret>y1 ! fir/ public session (  !    
congress 0 adj\rn$4    ,at ! second     
session1 on ,tuesday aft]noon1 ! hall 0 
/ill  m cr[d$ ?an on ! day previ\s4 ,a  
few mom5ts be=e x  0 op5$1 ! ,c\nt de   
,fall\x ent]$1 lean+ on ! arm (  ,mgr4  
,la=et1 amid prolong$ & en?usia/ic      
acclamations4    #cjc    ,at ! op5+ ( ! 
session an address to ! c>d9al 0        
propos$ & vot$4 ,m4 de ,fall\x 0 nom9at$
 honor>y  vice-presid5t1 & a l>ge numb] 
( ! =eign memb]s 7  honor$ ) ! same m>k 
( di/9ction4    ,! favorite demon/ration
 ( *e]+ accompani$ all ^!  c\rte\s      
=malities1 & no soon] _h x subsid$ ?an x
 0  awak5$ to new & increas$ vigor by ! 
arrival ( !  c>d9al ) ! accompany+      

prelates1 conduct+ !  illu/ri\s ,bi%op (
 ,orleans1 ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p1 toge!r ) !  
celebrat$ orator ( ! ,c>melite ord]1    
,fa!r ,hyac9!4 ,long1  l\d1 & (t5 r5ew$ 
7 ! acclamations ) :i* !  assembly      
greet$ ! h]oic1 vet]an *ampion ( !      
,ca?olic  cause1 ! ,lamoricire ( !      
episcopate1 z he 0 happily  designat$ by
 "o ( ! orators ( ! congress4 ,!        
presid5t  succe$$ 9 sil5c+ ! ?und]s (   
congratulation long en\gh  to all[ him  
to address a few words ( salutation to  
,mgr4  ,dupanl\p 9 ! "n ( ! assembly1 :5
 !y aga9 bur/  =? ) irrepressible en]gy1
 & c\ld n be appeas$ until  ! illu/ri\s 
orator1 reluctantly yield+ to !         
irresi/ible  dem& ( ?ree ?\s& voices1   
asc5d$ ! tribune to  pron\nce a %ort b  
f]vid allocution4    ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p    
pres5ts mu* m ! ext]ior aspect ( a      
h>d-work+ apo/olic mission>y1 or ( an   
au/]e &  self-d5y+ religi\s1 ?an ( a    
/ately dignit>y ( !  *ur*2 & 8 /yle (   
address is 9 accordance ) 8  p]sonal    
appe>ance1 hav+ m ( ! un/udi$ en]gy1 !  

spontane\s fire1 ( an e>ne/1 popul>     
prea*]1 ?an ( !  poli%$1 arti/ic        
eloqu5ce ( a ,fr5* academician4    ,8   
dress 0 a simple black cassock1 ) !     
slighte/ possible  am\nt ( purple       
trimm+1 & a cloak ( ! same color1 j     
en\gh to indicate 8 episcopal rank1 b   
/ill m significant  ( 8 pr(\nd          
indiff]5ce = its decorations4 ,ev]y?+   
else  ab\t 8 p]son & mann] wore ! same  
air ( un/udi$  neglig & inatt5tion to ! 
c]emonial ( ext]ior  elegance & poli%4  
,z he appe>$ 9 full view ( ! audi5ce  ^u
 ! plat=m1 an expression us$ by ,rufus  
,*oate ( ,napoleon  ! ,fir/ c\ld be     
appli$ to him1 z giv+ ) t]se            
complet5ess a designation to !          
impression we receiv$ ( !  physical1    
intellectual1 & moral t\t ensemble ( !  
man--! worn *ild ( a ?\s& battles4 ,!   
same idea is  convey$ by ! title giv5   
him by g5]al acclamation at !  congress1
 ! ,lamoricire ( ! episcopate4 ,! bi%op 
is  some:at ov] sixty ye>s ( age1 8 hair
 is gray1 8 movem5ts  some:at indicative

 ( fail+ bodily /r5g?1 8 c\nt5ance      
vivid1 light+ up z if f ! flame ( an    
int]nal1  ev]-burn+ furnace :i* is      
consum+ 8 physical frame1 8  mann]      
natural1 easy1 famili>1 yet k9dl+ at    
int]vals into a  />tl+1 vibrat+ eloqu5ce
 t ?rills ?r\gh ! n]ves  l an electric  
%ock4 ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p _h n prea*$ 9 8   
diocese = ! la/ two ye>s on acc\nt (    
weakness 9 !  ?roat1 &1 on tak+ !       
tribune at ,mal9es1 he apologiz$ =      
himself on ! gr\nd t 8 voice 0 weak5$ by
 long &  labori\s use4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 8
 excuses seem$ to be  well-gr\nd$2 yet1 
z he caught ! expression ( ! eyes &     
faces ( 8 sympa!tic audi5ce1 !          
electrical influ5ce (  ! atmosph]e ( !  
place1 sur*>g$ ) ! en?usiasm (  !       
,ca?olic fai?1 seem$ to reanimate all 8 
anci5t fire1 &  he s5t =?1 l a fla% (   
lightn+1 ) a tone t  vibrat$ ?r\gh e    
he>t 9 t augu/ assembly1 !  eloqu5t     
exclamation1 ,n\s savions que le feu    
sacr e/  immortel dans l',eglise2 mais  
,,ici ,,on ,,en ,,voit ,,la ,,flamme6   

#cjd  ,! bi%op spoke b a few m9utes1    
seiz+ ! opportunity (  ! r5ew$ applause 
:i* broke out on 8 utt]+ ^! words  to   
desc5d ha/ily f ! tribune1 hav+ produc$ 
an effect by  ?is sudd5 c\p de ma9 (    
eloqu5ce :i* x w\ld be  impossible to   
describe 9 any language we h at comm&4  
,! acclamations caus$ by ,mgr4          
,dupanl\p's db 9 !  assembly hav+       
subsid$1 a %ort & amus+ conflict arose  
betwe5 ! amiable p]t9acity ( ,m4        
,ducpetiaux 9 insi/+  ^u an imm$iate    
address f ! ,c\nt de ,fall\x1 & !       
reluctance ( t g5tleman to yield to !   
dem&2 9 :i* !  latt] 0 oblig$ to        
succumb4 ,inde$1 ! audi5ce came at once 
to ! support ( _! secret>y 9 su*        
ov]:elm+ =ce t  resi/ance 0 impossible1 
& ! illu/ri\s ,fr5* /atesman  0 borne up
 to ! tribune j vacat$ by ! illu/ri\s   
,fr5* bi%op1 z x 7 by a great wave (    
applause4    ,! ,c\nt de ,fall\x is a   
f9i%$ specim5 ( ! mo/ graceful  & poli%$
 type ( ,fr5* g5tlem51 orators1 & m5 (  
polite  lett]s4 ,! pal5ess ( 8          

c\nt5ance1 toge!r ) an  expression (    
subdu$ languor 9 8 eye & movem5ts1 bore 
witness to ! tru? ( 8 av[al1 t a        
pitiable /ate (  heal? _h prev5t$ him f 
mak+ any prep>ation =  address+ !       
congress4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! c\nt   
made  no long or elaborate disc\rses4 ,9
 8 disc\rse ( ,tuesday1  :i* 0 ! longe/1
 he spoke b half an h\r4 ,nev]!less1    
?is brief disc\rse1 al?\gh app>5tly an  
un/udi$1 impromptu  utt]ance ( ?\ghts & 
s5tim5ts occurr+ at ! mom5t2  deliv]$1  
)\t any ef=t at oratory1 9 a simple1    
almo/  conv]sational mann]2 0 a specim5 
( ! mo/ consummate1  captivat+1 &       
classical eloqu5ce2 z our read]s w see =
  !mselves1 we hope1 s f> z a           
translation c enable !m to  d s1 :5 !   
text ( ! disc\rse is publi%$ 9 full 9   
our  pages1 z we int5d x %all be2 toge!r
 ) ^? ( ,mgr4  ,dupanl\p & ,fa!r        
,hyac9!4 ,! expression ( ,m4 de         
,fall\x's  c\nt5ance1 ! tones ( 8 voice1
 & 8 entire mann] (  address be> an     
impress ( g5tl5ess1 ( graceful1 *>m+    

p]suasiv5ess1 ?r\gh :i* he w9s ! he>ts (
 8 audi5ce  at once1 & ga9s an easy1    
almo/ imp]ceptible dom9ion ov]  _! m9ds4
 ,) exquisite grace & delicacy1 he      
complim5t$  all ! mo/ di/+ui%$ p]sons   
pres5t1 ! congress1 & !  ,belgian       
nation2 ?ank+ ! latt] especially = !    
honor &  k9dness %[n to 8 illu/ri\s &   
suff]+ fri5d  ,montalemb]t1 !n conf9$ to
 8 *amb] by sickness at 8  villa (      
,brix5s>t1 ne> ,brussels4 ,! g5u9e1     
affectionate  t5d]ness & emotion ) :i*  
he spoke ( ,montalemb]t  communicat$    
itself at once to 8 sympa!tic audi5ce1 &
  call$ out ! mo/ en]getic1 en?usia/ic  
acclamations ( !  "n s de> to ! ,belgian
 ,ca?olics4 ,x is to y1 said !  orator1 
t ,montalemb]t owes ! motto expressive (
 t  sacr$ cause to :i* 8 life has be5   
devot$1 ,lib]ty z 9  ,belgium4 ,! !me   
?us introduc$ ) su* consummate  skill & 
effect occupi$ ! rema9d] ( ! disc\rse1  
:i*  0 9 its drift & aim a mode/1       
res]v$1 c\rte\s1 b n  ! less p[]ful     
apology & def5ce ( ! n9ete5? c5tury  & !

 cause ( lib]ty aga9/ ! *>ge ( be+      
ess5tially  anti-ca?olic & irreligi\s4  
#cje    ,! "n ( ,montalemb]t 01 9 e     
in/ance :5 x 0  m5tion$1 greet$ ) ! same
 he>ty applause dur+ all !  sessions ( !
 congress2 a circum/ance :i* elicit$ f  
him  a lett] ( ?anks & sympa?y1 aft]w>d 
publicly read by !  ,c\nt de ,fall\x1 & 
receiv$ ) acclamations ( ! mo/  en]getic
 "* by ! assembly4    ,we d n feel      
ourselves compet5t to express an op9ion 
on !  "q h[ f> ! applause giv5 by !     
congress to ^! two  illu/ri\s ,ca?olic  
/atesm5 ( ,france indicat$ an           
approbation  ( ! pr9ciples 9 reg>d to ! 
alliance ( religion &  lib]ty :i* !y    
advocate4 ,!re is1 no d\bt1 a great     
diff]5ce reg>d+ ?is v important1        
delicate1 &  complicat$ "q1 9 ,belgium z
 well z ?r\gh\t ,europe2 a  diff]5ce    
exi/+1 consequ5tly1 among ! memb]s ( !  
,congress ( ,mal9es4 ,! ,c\nt de        
,fall\x's spee* has be5  c\rte\sly b    
se>*+ly criticis$ by "s ( ! mo/  prom95t
 writ]s = ! ,ca?olic press 9 ,belgium1 &

 /ill  m sev]ely by ano!r writ] 9 "o ( !
 ,engli% pap]s2  :ile1 z is natural1 x  
is su/a9$ ) equal c\rtesy z well  z )   
equal decision by ,le ,correspondant (  
,france4 ,all  ! memb]s ( ! congress1 z 
well z all o!r firm adh]5ts  ( !        
,ca?olic cause 9 ,europe & ! _w1 are (  
"o m9d  & "o he>t1 9 filial devotion to 
! ,pope1 loyalty to !  ,holy ,see & !   
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 det]m9ation to fight    
aga9/  anti-ca?olic1 infidel            
pseudo-lib]alism 9 bo? its phases (     
despotism & radical demagogueism = !    
p]fect lib]ation1  ! complete lib]ty ( !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* f ! tyranny1  bo? (     
gov]nm5ts & ( revolutions4 ,9 reg>d to !
 basis (  settlem5t betwe5 ! *ur* &     
civil1 political society1 or  ! /ate1   
?r\gh :i* ?is lib]ty c be mo/           
effectually  ga9$1 mo/ durably e/abli%$1
 !re is a div]g5ce :i*  sometimes       
?reat5s to become a %>p conte/1 involv+ 
9 its  issues o!r que/ions m directly   
ecclesia/ical or  !ological4 ,! mo/     
admirable feature ( ! ,congress (       

,mal9es 01 t ?is diff]5ce ( op9ion 0    
nei!r  viol5tly smo!r$ nor p]mitt$ to   
bur/ into a flame (  discord1 b subdu$  
by ! dom9ant p[] ( mutual *>ity1        
respect1 & c\rtesy4 ,! ,ca?olics (      
,belgium1 we may also add  ^? ( ,france 
also1 give a good example 9 ?is respect 
wor?y  to be imitat$ by all1 b          
especially ne$+ to be  imitat$ by !     
,ca?olics ( ,engl& & our own c\ntry4 ,! 
,belgian ,ca?olics are too deeply       
s5sible ( ! imm95t duties  & p]ils ( !  
,ca?olic cause 9 front ( ! deadly enemy 
(  all religion1 to tol]ate ! excesses (
 p>ty _s or  int]nal diss5sion among    
!mselves1 to all[ ! tyranny (  !ological
 op9ion ! "r ( br&+ all dissid5ts z     
disloyal to ! *ur*1 to tol]ate ! secret 
und]m9+ or  op5 detraction ( !          
reputation ( em95t1 m]itori\s  advocates
 ( ! ,ca?olic cause1 mu* less to p]mit !
  violation ( ! rules ( ,*ri/ian *>ity &
 c\rtesy by ^?  :o write = ! press4 ,!y 
h felt ! necessity ( %unn+  p]sonal or  
p>ty disputes1 ris+ above ! _s ( clique 

or  sectional int]e/1 ?r[+ (f indiff]5ce
 & apa?y t[>d  measures or ent]prises   
set on foot by m5 ( zeal & c\rage  = !  
common good1 & comb9+ toge!r 9 a _s (   
dis9t]e/$1 self-sacrific+ ef=t1 /rong   
en\gh to sweep  away & dr[n all petty   
int]e/s1 = ! common1 ! sacr$1  !        
glori\s1 b deeply endang]$ cause ( ,god1
 religion1 &  true philan?ropy4  #cjf   
,if we are s =tunate z to h a ,ca?olic  
congress 9 !  ,unit$ ,/ates1 we tru/ x w
 be animat$ by ! same _s  :i* prevail$ 9
 ! ,congress ( ,mal9es1 & t its         
influ5ce w promote p[]fully ?is truly   
,ca?olic _s  :]ev] x is felt4    ,to    
return f ?is digression2 :5 ! ,c\nt de  
,fall\x _h  f9i%$ 8 spee*1 a v pleas+   
int]lude occurr$ 9 !  pres5tation ( a   
magnific5t vase ( gold1 on ! "p ( !     
c5tral bureau1 to ,m4 ,ducpetiaux1 by ! 
,visc\nt ,k]ckhove1 :o  made a graceful 
& appropriate spee* on ! occasion1      
embrac+  affectionately ! amiable       
secret>y at its conclusion1 to !        
unb\nd$ delight ( ! audi5ce4 ,sev]al o!r

 addresses 7  !n read1 "s complim5ts 7  
pass$ betwe5 ! congress &  !            
repres5tatives ( ! city ( ,mal9es1 an   
excell5t report  0 read by ,mgr4        
,name*e1 vice-rector ( ! ,univ]sity (   
,l\va91 f a committee appo9t$ to give a 
premium to ! be/  treatise on !         
education ( "y ladies1 an animat$ spee* 
0  made by "o ( ! juv5ile memb]s ( !    
congress1 & !  session 0 adj\rn$4    ,! 
g5]al session ( ,w$nesday 0 address$1   
aft] a few  prelim9>y proce$+s1 by      
,lieut5ant-,g5]al de ,lannoy1 a  vet]an 
w>rior ( ! ,belgian army1 9 a brief b   
exce$+ly  eloqu5t spee*1 comm5d+ !      
*>itable h]oism ( !  pontifical ,z\aves 
dur+ ! visitation ( ,rome & ,albano by  
! *ol]a4 ,x 0 resolv$ to s5d an         
expression ( !  s5tim5t ( ! assembly to 
! secret>y ( w> at ,rome1 &  two "y     
,belgian ,z\aves pres5t 9 ! audi5ce 7   
invit$ to  a seat on ! plat=m4 ,fa!r    
,tond9i1 an ,italian  ,b>nabite1 !n read
 a pap] relat+ to a "w 9 :i* he is      
engag$1 = promot+ ! return ( ,russia to 

! unity ( !  *ur*4 ,he 0 foll[$ by !    
celebrat$ ,mgr4 ,de*amps1 =m]ly  a      
,r$emptori/ mission>y1 n[ ! ,bi%op (    
,namur1 :o  pron\nc$ an able & eloqu5t  
disc\rse on ! subject (  ,ca?olic unity4
 ,aft] ?is eloqu5t prelate _h left !    
tribune1  x 0 tak5 by ! ,bi%op (        
,*>le/on1 :o employ$ !  rema9+ "t ( !   
session1 ! h\r ( adj\rnm5t hav+  be5    
fix$ at five ,p4,m41 on acc\nt ( !      
oratorio 9 !  ev5+1 9 a disc\rse on !   
/ate ( ! ,ca?olic religion 9  ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 b pr9cipally 9 8 own diocese4 ,!
  le>n$ bi%op1 ^: pres5ce did s mu*     
honor to ! hi]>*y  & ! ,ca?olic body (  
our own c\ntry at ! ,congress (         
,mal9es1 expos$ ! sad /ate ( ! ,ca?olic 
p ( ,s\?  ,c>ol9a1 z well z ( ! :ole    
population1 b m especially  ( ! color$  
race1 9 consequ5ce ( ! late w>4 ,he     
communicat$ a project ( 8 own = e/abli%+
 a community (  monks ^u an isl& on !   
coa/ ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z !  nucleus ( a   
great "w = conv]t+ & civiliz+ ! color$  
population4 ,! address ( ,bi%op ,lyn*   

produc$ a mo/ pr(\nd  impression ^u !   
assembly2 & we are happy to /ate t "s  (
 ! weal?y memb]s ( ! congress gave      
h&some  contributions t[>d 8 b5evol5t   
und]tak+4    ,on ,?ursday ! great ev5t (
 ! session 0 ! disc\rse (  ,mgr4        
,dupanl\p1 ( :i* we give no analysis "h1
 z ! text (  ! disc\rse is to appe> 9   
our pages4 ,x 0 ?r\gh\t a  sca?+        
d5unciation ( ! pr9ciple ( !            
pseudo-lib]als1  ! lib]tres1 z he       
designat$ !m1 !  lib]ticides1 z we w\ld 
propose to call !m 9 ,engli%4  #cjg     
,ne> ! close ( 8 disc\rse he gave       
utt]ance to a s5t5ce  :i* has ar\s$ !   
att5tion ( all ,europe1 & bids fair to  
make its e*o he>d = a long "t to come4  
,x 0   propos ( a plan1 propos$1 we     
believe1 by ! editor ( !  ,p>is ,side1 =
 erect+ a /atue to ,voltaire4      ,%all
 ,i rem9d y ( ,voltaire1 ! inv5tor ( !  
title    ,! ,infam\s1 by :i* he         
designat$ ! *ur*8 ,& he1    :at "n did  
he give himself8 ,he call$ himself      
philosoph]4    ,ah6 well1 g5tlem51 no "o

 %all ev] br+ me to give !    "n (      
philosoph]s to a d',holba*1 to a        
,lamettrie1 or !    re/ ( ! impi\s m5 :o
 conspir$ ) _! ma/] to    cru% !        
,infam\s4 ,b :at d ,i he>8 ,p say t !y  
desire to erect a /atue to ! man :o gave
 ?is "n to    ,*ri/ianity4 ,inde$6 & ,i1
 on my "p1 say t !y w    h rais$ a /atue
 to ,,infamy ,,p]sonifi$4 7,prolong$    
bravos47    ,i %\ld l to enc\nt] "h a   
man :o w\ld contradict me6    ,i w\ld   
promise to give him1 z soon z he pleas$1
 pro(s )    :i* all ,europe w\ld res\nd4
 ,?is viol5ce done to good    s5se1 to  
rectitude1 to ,fr5* honor1 revolts me4  
,i repeat x1    !y w raise a /atue to   
,,infamy ,,p]sonifi$4 ,! ,bi%op (    !  
,orleans ( ,joan ( ,arc c\ld n h or     
express a m    wor?y s5tim5t4 7,prolong$
 acclamations47    ,! editor ( ! ,side  
has (f]$ to take up ! glove  ?us ?r[n at
 him1 & a %ort b spicy correspond5ce has
 be5  int]*ang$ betwe5 himself & !      
bi%op1 :o is prep>+ to  r$eem 8 pl$ge 9 
a pamphlet conta9+ ! pro(s ( 8          

ass]tion4    ,we _c refra9 f notic+ "o m
 passage 9 ?is  rem>kable disc\rse1 "o  
:i* came l a fla% ( lightn+  f ! bi%op's
 m\?1 /rik+ ! assembly ) an  irresi/ible
 =ce1 b especially k9dl+ e he>t ( a     
,belgian !re pres5t into aflame (       
patriotic en?usiasm4 ,!  effect 0 inde$ 
indescribable4 ,we add our f]v5t hope t 
x  may be ineffaceable1 especially ^u ! 
he>ts ( !  ,belgian y\? !re pres5t1 to  
:om _! c\ntry looks )  su* fond hope = !
 future4    ,o patriotism6 x is n to y t
 ,i h to prea* x2 b ,i  say to y simply1
 ,y ,,h ,a ,,c\ntry1 ,,"k ,,h[ ,,to     
,,keep ,,x6  ,words app>5tly simple &   
commonplace z writt5 d[n on pap]  to be 
read by ^? :o are remote f ! sc5e ( _!  
utt]ance1 /rang]s to ! memories1 !      
associations1 ! hopes  & fe>s ^:        
key-note !y /ruck1 & unable to repres5t 
to  !mselves ! attitude1 ! tone1 !      
expression ( ! orator  :o gave !m       
utt]ance4 ,b words :i*1 z ,dupanl\p     
utt]$  !m1 ) a sudd5 lan1 9 :i* 8 :ole  
s\l ( fire  seem$ to blaze =? be=e !    

eyes ( 8 audi5ce1 ,,v\s ,,avez  ,,une   
,,patrie1 ,,sa*ez ,,la ,,c>d]6 ,7       
suffici5t to set a :ole  nation on fire4
    ,! ca/igation giv5 to infidelity by 
! intrepid ,bi%op (  ,orleans caus$ !   
p>ty suff]+ f 8 well-appli$ la% to  give
 utt]ance to its sm>t+ s5sations by an  
outcry 9 !  ,indep5d5ce ,belge1 repeat$ 
by ! ,london ,times1 &  e*o$ by "s ( its
 feeble imitators 9 ,am]ica4 ,! burd5 ( 
! compla9t aga9/ ,mgr4 ,dupanl\p is1 t  
he did n treat  ! soi-disant lib]al p>ty
 ) suffici5t c\rtesy or  respect4 ,= our
 own "p1 we did n f9d any?+ 9 8         
disc\rse1 nor h we ev] se5 any?+ 9 any (
 8 writ+s1  9 ! slighte/ decree contr>y 
to ! *>ity ( a ,*ri/ian or  ! dignity ( 
a bi%op4  #cjh  ,9 speak+ ( ! p>ty call$
 by ! extremely vague1 g5]al  "n (      
lib]al1 we mu/ di/+ui%4 ,we ass5t to !  
op9ion (  ! amiable writ] :o furni%$ !  
sket* ( ! late congress  9 ,le          
,correspondant1 t x is incumb5t on !    
*ampion  ( ! ,ca?olic cause to combat = 
x ) c\rte\s  arms4 ,we all[ t a v l>ge  

proportion ( ^? :o  w\ld class !mselves 
"u ! g5]al head ( lib]als1  :e!r !y call
 !mselves lib]al ,*ri/ians or lib]al    
philosoph]s1 are entitl$ to c\rtesy4 ,b1
 :5 x is "q  ( su* m5 z ,voltaire & 8   
mod]n disciples1 :o are engag$  9 !     
nef>i\s "w ( de/roy+ all ,*ri/ian fai? 9
 !  he>ts ( ! ,ca?olic p1 z well z      
poison+ ! v  well-spr+ ( all political &
 social life1 we d5y t1 ap>t  f         
c\rtesies ( private life1 & 9 ! public  
ar5a (  discussion1 !y are entitl$ to   
any c\rtesy at ! h&s ( a  loyal def5d] (
 ,*ri/ian fai? & civilization1 beyond t 
:i* 8 own self-respect & ,*ri/ian *>ity 
require him to  %[ to ! deadlie/ enemies
 ( ! human race4 ,we tru/ !  "t has n   
yet come 9 ,engl& or ,am]ica :5 ! "n (  
,voltaire mu/ be m5tion$ ) respect4     
,:atev] c\rtesy any  man ( t class      
des]ves c only be giv5 on ! same        
pr9ciple t ! poor woman address$ !      
execution] dur+  ! ,fr5* reign ( t]ror1 
) a plea to sp>e ! lives (  h]self & h] 
*ildr51 9 ! words1 ,ayez pitie1 ,m4 le  

,b\rreau4 ,we hope x is ?r\gh ignorance 
only t s _m  9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 call+  
!mselves by ! ,*ri/ian "n1  ext5d _!    
sympa?y to a class ( m5 :o are labor+ = 
!  de/ruction ( all religion & all      
social ord]2 if x be  ?r\gh ignorance1  
_! eyes w be op5$ 9 due "t1 p]haps  9 a 
some:at />tl+ mann]4    ,:5 ! ?und]s (  
acclamation1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* !  ,bi%op ( 
,orleans desc5d$ f ! tribune1 _h        
subsid$1 !  audi5ce felt z if !y _h be5 
swept up1 by ! hurricane (  8 eloqu5ce1 
to a height f :i* x 0 difficult z well z
  unpleasant to desc5d on t]ra firma4 ,8
 disc\rse 0  well /yl$ 9 ! ,bullet9 ( ! 
next morn+1 ce  disc\rs monum5t &1 9 our
 own m9d1 x is l "s (  ^! *efs d'oeuvre 
( ,raffaelle 9 ! ,l\vre1 ^:  excell5ce  
is m vividly appreciat$ 9 ! rem9isc5ce  
?an  9 ! actual mom5t ( view+ !m4    ,! 
rema9d] ( ! session 0 occupi$ by an     
int]e/+  memoir on ! /ate ( ,italy1 by !
 ,*evali] ,alb]i (  ,flor5ce1 & an      
address on ,nor? ,am]ican missions1 by !
  ,bi%op ( ,vanc\v]4    ,! great spee* (

 ! ,friday session 0 t ( ,fa!r  ,hyac9!4
 ,x 0 prec$$ by a %ort ?\gh brilliant   
address  f ! em95t /atesman ,m4 ,adrian 
,de*amps1 & ano!r %ort  address f !     
,c\nt de ,fall\x1 :o read a lett] f ,m4 
de  ,montalemb]t1 :i* w be publi%$      
h]eaft]4    ,fa!r ,hyac9!1 dress$ 9 !   
picturesque1 impressive habit (  !      
,c>melites1 pres5t$ a /rik+ contra/ 9   
appe>ance1 z  well z 9 ! /yle ( 8       
eloqu5ce1 to ! two great ,fr5*  orators 
:o _h prec$$ him4 ,he is /ill 9 ! full  
vigor (  ! prime ( manhood1 unt\*$ by   
any tok5 ( decl9e2 on !  contr>y1 h>dly 
m ?an j arriv$ at ! full effloresc5ce  (
 physical & intellectual maturity4 ,!   
poetic s5tim5t seems  to pr$om9ate 9    
him1 ) an exub]ance ( ! t5d] &          
expansive emotions ( ! he>t1 ! pleas+1  
radiant creations  ( ! imag9ation1 yet n
 )\t ! p[] ( desc5d+ to  ! deep] region 
( tragic s5tim5t1 or /rik+ out m bold  &
 sublime conceptions4  #cji  ,8 ord9>y  
mann] & expression are g5tle & w9n+1 8  
eye & c\nt5ance full ( b5evol5ce1 8     

voice sweet1  musical1 some:at fem99e4  
,:5 ! _s ( oratorical  inspiration      
c>ries him away1 8 c\nt5ance *anges to a
 m  e>ne/1 impassion$ expression1 8     
ge/ures are rapid &  vehem5t1 8 voice   
alt]nately s9ks to a deep1 l[1 organ-l  
tone1 or r+s out cle>ly l a trumpet1 & !
 :ole m9d &  body are r\s$ into an      
action 9 :i* e cord & n]ve has  ! t5sion
 ( a %ip's cordage "u full sail4 ,aft] !
  disc\rse1 :i* 0 two h\rs long1 & held 
! audi5ce 9 a  brea?less att5tion       
int]rupt$ only by _! applauses1 !       
eloqu5t fa!r 0 completely exhau/$ &     
oblig$ to return  home to 8 lodg+s at   
once = a p]iod ( p]fect quiet &  repose4
 ,( ! disc\rse1 :i* 0 on ! "q  ouvrire1 
we w n speak1 leav+ our read]s to p]use 
x  9 ! translation :i* w be giv5 9 our  
pages h]eaft]4    ,a %ort address 0 made
 by ,mgr4 ,rog]s1 ,bi%op ( ,*a?am1 ,n4  
,s41 ?ank+ ! ,ca?olics ( ,europe = _!   
*>itable  assi/ance to ! missions (     
,am]ica1 & giv+ "s naive  details ( !   
primitive mann]s ( ! ,acadians4 ,canon  

,r\sseau  !n gave an analysis ( ! memoir
 pres5t$ by ,fa!r ,heck] 9  a ,fr5*     
translation = publication among !       
congressional  docum5ts1 relat+ to !    
progress ( ! ,ca?olic religion 9  !     
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f9ally1 ,m4 l',abb      
,br\w]s1 a "y prie/ (  ,am/]dam1 succe$$
 9 ga9+ ! att5tion ( ! audi5ce1  already
 fatigu$ & impati5t1 to an address on ! 
religi\s  condition ( ,holl&4 ,?is "y   
prie/ exhibit$ pro(s 9 8  spee*1 (      
possess+ ! gift ( sacr$ eloqu5ce 9 no   
common  degree4 ,ano!r ?+ ab\t him t    
pleas$ e "o 01 t  he gave a bright1     
*e]ful picture ( ! /ate ( ?+s 9 8  own  
c\ntry4 ,ev]y?+ 0 go+ on well1 & promis$
 to g on  /ill bett] 9 ! future--a      
circum/ance q cr$itable to  ! cont5t$   
disposition ( ! compatriots ( our fir/  
settl]s 9 ,new ,york4    ,! clos+ s]vice
 on ,saturday morn+ 0 devot$ to !  read+
 ( ! reports ( ! sections & vot+ _!     
conclusions4 ,?is "w _h be5 comm5c$ at  
an extraord9>y  g5]al session on ,friday
 morn+4 ,! presid5t gave a %ort         

conclud+ disc\rse1 & aft] "s usual      
=malities !  memb]s ( ! congress repair$
 to ! ca!dral1 :]e a s]mon  0 prea*$ by 
,fa!r ,hyac9!1 ! ,te ,deum 0 *ant$1  & !
 c>d9al gave 8 b5$iction on ! close ( ! 
congress4 ,a g5]al communion ( !        
,society ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de  ,paul _h      
already be5 made on ,friday morn+ 9 !   
*ur* (  ,notre ,dame d',hanswyck4 ,we   
may add "h t a bullet9 ( !  acts ( !    
congress 0 publi%$ e morn+1 & also t    
!re is an association call$ ! ,ca?olic  
,union1 :i* is a  sort ( p]man5t /&+    
committee ( ! congress dur+ !  int]vals 
( its assemblages4    ,an elegant &     
re*]* banquet1 at :i* ab\t ?ree  hundr$ 
g5tlem5 7 pres5t1 conclud$ ! ,ca?olic   
runion at ,mal9es 9 a v pleasant mann]1 
& be=e  nightfall we _h bidd5 adieu to  
,mal9es & 7 on our way to  ,brussels1   
prep>atory to a return to ,p>is1 & !nce 
to  ,am]ica4    #caj    ,9 conclusion1  
we beg leave to ?ank1 9 ! "n ( ! entire 
,am]ican delegation1 ! ,c>d9al ,ar*bi%op
 ( ,mal9es1 & !  o!r di/+ui%$ g5tlem5 ( 

,belgium :o are ! *ief  directors ( !   
congress1 especially ! noble-he>t$ &    
amiable secret>y1 ,m4 ,ducpetiaux1 = !  
hospitality &  consid]ation s k9dly     
ext5d$ by !m dur+ our /ay at  ,mal9es2 &
 we tru/ t x may be 9 our p[] at a      
future day  to return ?is hospitality 9 
an equally cordial mann] to "s  ( _!    
numb] z gue/s ( ! ,ca?olics ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates  ( ,am]ica4 ,vive la ,belgique6  
,vive le ,congrs ,ca?olique de  ,mal9es6
    --------           ,translat$ ,f ,! 
,fr5*4            ,! ,/ory ,( ,a        
,conscript4                       ,i4   
,^? :o h n se5 ! glory ( ! ,emp]or      
,napoleon1 dur+  ! ye>s #ahaj1 #ahaa1 & 
#ahab1 c nev] conceive :at a pit*  ( p[]
 "o man may rea*4    ,:5 he pass$ ?r\gh 
,*ampagne1 or ,lorra9e1 or ,alsace1 p   
ga!r+ ! h>ve/ or ! v9tage w\ld leave    
ev]y?+ to  run & see him2 wom51 *ildr51 
& old m5 w\ld come a  di/ance ( eight or
 t5 leagues to l9e 8 r\te1 & *e] &  cry1
 ,vive l',emp]eur6 ,vive l',emp]eur6 ,"o
 w\ld ?9k  t he 0 a god1 t mank9d ow$   

its life to him1 & t1  if he di$1 ! _w  
w\ld crumble & be no m4 ,a few old      
republicans might %ake _! heads & mutt] 
ov] _! w9e  t ! emp]or might yet fall1 b
 !y pass$ = fools4    ,i 0 9 my         
appr5tice%ip s9ce #ahjd1 ) an old       
wat*mak]1  ,mel*ior ,g\ld51 at          
,phalsb\rg4 ,z ,i seem$ weak & 0 a      
little lame1 my "m wi%$ me to le>n an   
easi] trade ?an  ^? ( our village1 = at 
,dagsb]g !re 7 only  wood-cutt]s &      
*>coal-burn]s4 ,monsieur ,g\ld5 lik$ me 
v  mu*4 ,we liv$ on ! fir/ /ory ( a l>ge
 h\se opposite !  ,r$ ,ox inn1 & ne> !  
,fr5* gate4    ,t 0 ! place to see      
pr9ces1 ambassadors1 & g5]als come  & g1
 "s on foot1 & "s 9 c>riages drawn by   
two or f\r  horses2 !re !y pass$ 9      
embroid]$ uni=ms1 ) wav+  plumes &      
decorations f e c\ntry "u ! sun4 ,& 9  !
 highway :at c\ri]s1 :at baggage-wagons1
 :at  p[d]-tra9s1 cannon1 caissons1     
cavalry1 & infantry did we  see6 ,^? 7  
/irr+ times6    ,9 five or six ye>s !   
innkeep]1 ,george1 _h made a =tune4  ,he

 _h fields1 or*>ds1 h\ses1 & money 9    
abundance2 = all  ^! p1 com+ f ,g]many1 
,switz]l&1 ,russia1 ,pol&1  or else:]e1 
c>$ little = a few h&fuls ( gold scatt]$
  ^u _! road2 !y 7 all nobles :o took a 
pride 9 %[+  _! prodigality4    ,f morn+
 until night1 & ev5 dur+ ! night1 ! ,r$ 
,ox  kept its tables 9 read9ess4 ,?r\gh 
! long w9d[s on !  fir/ /ory no?+ 0 to  
be se5 b great :ite table-clo?s1        
glitt]+ ) silv] & cov]$ ) game1 fi%1 &  
o!r  r>e vi&s1 ar\nd :i* ! travell]s sat
 side by side4  #caa  ,9 ! y>d beh9d1   
horses neigh$1 po/ilions %\t$1          
maid-s]vants laugh$1 coa*es rattl$4     
,sometimes1 too1 p ( ! city /opp$ !re1  
:o 9 o!r  times 7 kn[n to ga!r /icks 9 !
 =e/ or "w on !  highway4 ,b n[ !y 7    
comm&ants1 colonels1 g5]als1 &  _h won  
_! grades by fight+ 9 e l& on e>?4      
,old ,mel*ior1 ) 8 black silk cap pull$ 
ov] 8 e>s1 8  weak eyelids1 8 nose p9*$ 
betwe5 great horn spectacles1 &  8 lips 
tightly press$ toge!r1 c\ld n sometimes 
avoid  putt+ 8 magnify+-glass & pun* ^u 

! "w-b5*1 &  ?r[+ a glance t[>d ! inn1  
especially :5 ! crack+ (  ! :ips ( !    
po/ilions awoke ! e*oes ( ! ramp>ts &   
ann\nc$ a new arrival4 ,!n he became all
 att5tion1 & f  "t to "t w\ld exclaim3  
,hold6 ,x is ! son ( ,jacob1 ! slat]1 or
 ( ! old scold1  ,m>y ,ann1 or ( !      
coop]1 ,franz ,lpel6 ,he has made 8 way 
9  ! _w2 !re he is1 colonel & b>on ( !  
empire into !  b>ga94 ,:y don't he /op  
at ! h\se ( 8 fa!r :o lives  yond] 9 !  
,rue des ,capuc9s8    ,b1 :5 he saw !m  
%ak+ h&s "r & left 9 ! /reet  ) ^? :o   
recogniz$ !m1 8 tone *ang$2 he wip$ 8   
eyes ) 8 great spott$ h&k]*ief1 &       
murmur$3    ,h[ pleas$ poor old ,annette
 w be6 ,good6 good6 ,he is  n pr\d2 he  
is a man4 ,god pres]ve him f            
cannon-balls6    ,o!rs pass$ z if a%am$ 
to recognize _! bir?place2 o!rs  w5t    
gayly to see _! si/]s or c\s9s1 &       
ev]ybody spoke  ( !m4 ,"o w\ld imag9e t 
all ,phalsb\rg wore _! crosses  & _!    
epaulettes2 :ile ! arrogant 7 despis$   
ev5 m  ?an :5 !y swept ! roads4         

,ne>ly e mon? ,te ,deums 7 *ant$1 & !   
cannon  at ! ars5al fir$ _! salutes (   
tw5ty-"o r\nds = "s  new victory4 ,dur+ 
! week foll[+ e family 0 uneasy2  poor  
mo!rs especially wait$ = lett]s1 & !    
fir/ t  came all ! city knew (2 ! rumor 
spread l wildfire t  su* an "o _h       
receiv$ a lett] f ,jacques or ,claude1 &
 all  ran to see if x spoke ( _! ,joseph
 or _! ,jean-,bapti/e4 ,i  d n speak (  
promotions or ! (ficial reports ( dea?s2
 z  = ! fir/1 e "o knew t ! kill$ mu/ be
 replac$2  & z = ! reports ( dea?s1     
p>5ts await$ !m weep+1  = !y did n come 
imm$iately2 sometimes !y nev] came1 &  !
 poor fa!r & "m hop$ on1 say+1 ,p]haps  
our boy is  a prison]4 ,:5 !y make      
peace1 he w return4 ,h[ _m h  return$   
:om we ?\ght dead6    ,b !y nev] made   
peace4 ,:5 "o w> 0 f9i%$1 ano!r 0       
begun4 ,we always ne$$ some?+1 ei!r f   
,russia or f  ,spa91 or "s o!r c\ntry4  
,! emp]or 0 nev] satisfi$4    ,(t5 :5   
regim5ts pass$ ?r\gh ! city1 ) _!       
great-coats pull$ back1 _! knapsacks on 

_! backs1 _!  great gait]s rea*+ to !   
knee1 & muskets c>ri$ at w2  (t5 :5 !y  
pass$ cov]$ ) mud or :ite ) du/1 w\ld   
,fa!r ,mel*ior1 aft] gaz+ ^u !m1 ask me 
dreamily3    ,h[ _m1 ,joseph1 ?9k y we h
 se5 pass s9ce #ahjd8    ,i _c say1     
,monsieur ,g\ld51 ,i w\ld reply'1 at    
lea/ f\r  or five hundr$ ?\s&4    #cab  
,yes1 at lea/6 he said1 & h[ _m h       
return$8    ,!n ,i und]/ood 8 mean+1 &  
answ]$3 ,p]haps !y return  by ,may5ce or
 "s o!r r\te4 ,x _c be possible o!rwise6
    ,b he only %ook 8 head1 & said3 ,^? 
:om y h n  se5 return are dead1 z       
hundr$s & hundr$s ( ?\s&s m  w die1 if !
 good ,god does n take pity on u1 = !   
emp]or loves only w>4 ,he has already   
spilt m blood to give  8 bro!rs cr[ns   
?an our ,revolution co/ to w9 ! rights (
  man4    ,!n we set ab\t our "w aga92 b
 ! reflections ( ,monsieur  ,g\ld5 gave 
me "s t]rible subjects = ?\ght4    ,x 0 
true t ,i 0 a little lame 9 ! left leg2 
b h[  _m o!rs ) defects ( body _h       
receiv$ _! ord]s to  m>* not)/&+6    ,^!

 ideas kept runn+ ?r\gh my head1 & :5 ,i
 ?\ght long  ov] !m1 ,i grew v          
melan*oly4 ,!y seem$ t]rible to me1  n  
only because ,i _h no love = w>1 b      
because ,i 0 go+  to m>ry ,ca?>9e (     
,quatre-,v5ts4 ,we _h be5 9 "s sort     
re>$ toge!r4 ,n[h]e c\ld be f\nd a girl 
s fre% &  laugh+4 ,%e 0 fair-hair$1 )   
beautiful blue eyes1 rosy  *eeks1 & tee?
 :ite z milk4 ,%e 0 approa*+ eighte52 ,i
  0 n9ete51 & ,aunt ,m>grdel seem$      
pleas$ to see me com+  e>ly e ,sunday   
morn+ to breakfa/ & d9e ) !m4    ,x 0 ,i
 :o took h] to high ,mass & vesp]s2 & on
 holidays  %e nev] left my arm1 & refus$
 to dance ) ! o!r y\?s  ( ! village4    
,ev]ybody knew t we w\ld "s day be      
m>ri$2  b1 if ,i %\ld be s un=tunate z  
to be drawn 9 !  conscription1 !re 0 an 
end ( matt]s4 ,i wi%$ t ,i 0 a  ?\s&    
times m lame2 = at ! "t ( :i* ,i speak  
!y  _h fir/ tak5 ! unm>ri$ m51 !n !     
m>ri$ m5 :o _h  no *ildr51 !n ^? ) "o   
*ild2 & ,i con/antly ask$  myself1 ,are 
lame fell[s ( m consequ5ce ?an fa!rs (  

families8 ,c\ld !y n put me 9 ! cavalry8
 ,! idea made me  s unhappy t ,i already
 ?\ght ( flee+4    ,b 9 #ahab1 at !     
beg9n+ ( ! ,russian w>1 my fe>          
increas$4 ,f ,febru>y until ! end (     
,may1 e day we saw  pass regim5ts aft]  
regim5ts--dragoons1 cuirassi]s1         
c>b9e]s1 huss>s1 lanc]s ( all colors1   
artill]y1 caissons1  ambulances1 wagons1
 provisions1 roll+ on = ev]1 l !  wat]s 
( a riv]4 ,all fl[$ ?r\gh ! ,fr5* gate1 
cross$  ! ,place d',armes1 & /ream$ out 
at ! ,g]man gate4    ,at la/1 on ! #aj? 
( ,may1 9 ! ye> #ahab1 9 ! e>ly  morn+1 
! guns ( ! ars5al ann\nc$ ! com+ ( !    
ma/] ( all4 ,i 0 yet sleep+ :5 ! fir/   
%ot %ook !  little panes ( my w9d[ till 
!y rattl$ l a drum1 &  ,monsieur ,g\ld51
 ) a light$ c&le1 op5$ my door1 say+1   
,rise up1 he is "h6    ,we op5$ ! w9d[4 
,?r\gh ! night ,i saw a hundr$ dragoons1
  ( :om _m bore tor*es1 ent]+ at a      
gallop2 !y %ook !  e>? z !y pass$2 _!   
lights glanc$ along ! h\se-fronts  l    
danc+ flames1 & f e w9d[ we he>d ! %\ts 

(  ,vive l',emp]eur6    #cac    ,i 0    
gaz+ at ! c>riage1 :5 a horse cra%$     
aga9/ !  po/ to :i* ! but*] ,kle9 0     
accu/om$ to fa/5 8  cattle4 ,! dragoon 0
 ?r[n to ! pavem5t1 8 helmet roll$  9 ! 
gutt]1 & a head lean$ out ( ! c>riage to
 see :at  _h happ5$--a l>ge head1 pale &
 fat1 ) a tuft ( hair on  ! =ehead3 x 0 
,napoleon2 he held 8 h& up z if ab\t    
tak+ a p9* ( snuff1 & said a few words  
r\ghly4 ,!  (fic] gallop+ by ! side ( ! 
coa* b5t d[n to reply2  & 8 ma/] took 8 
snuff & turn$ ! corn]1 :ile !  %\ts     
r$\bl$ & ! cannons ro>$ l\d] ?an ev]4   
,?is 0 all t ,i saw4    ,! emp]or did n 
/op at ,phalsb\rg1 &1 :5 he 0 on !  road
 to ,sav]ne1 ! guns fir$ _! la/ %ot1 &  
sil5ce  reign$ once m4 ,! gu>ds at !    
,fr5* gate rais$ !  drawbridge1 & ! old 
wat*mak] said3    ,y h se5 him8    ,i h1
 ,monsieur ,g\ld54    ,well1 he cont9u$1
 t man holds all our lives 9 8 h&2  he  
ne$ b brea! ^u u & we are gone4 ,let u  
bless ,heav5  t he is n evil-m9d$2 = if 
he 71 ! _w w\ld see  aga9 ! horrors ( ! 

days ( ! b>b>ian k+s & !  ,turks4    ,he
 seem$ lo/ 9 ?\ght1 b 9 a mom5t he add$3
    ,y c g to b$ aga94 ,! clock is /rik+
 ?ree4    ,he return$ to 8 room1 & ,i to
 my b$4 ,! deep sil5ce  )\t seem$ /range
 aft] su* a tumult1 & until daybreak ,i 
nev] ceas$ dream+ ( ! emp]or4 ,i dream$1
 too1 ( !  dragoon1 & want$ to "k if he 
7 kill$4 ,! next day we  le>n$ t he 0   
c>ri$ to ! hospital & w\ld recov]4    ,f
 t day until ! mon? ( ,septemb] !y (t5  
sang !  ,te ,deum1 & fir$ tw5ty-"o guns 
= new victories4 ,x  0 ne>ly always 9 ! 
morn+1 & ,monsieur ,g\ld5 cri$3    ,eh1 
,joseph6 ,ano!r battle won6 ,fifty ?\s& 
m5 lo/6  ,tw5ty-five /&>ds1 a hundr$    
guns won4 ,all goes well1 all  goes     
well4 ,x only rema9s n[ to ord] a new   
levy to replace !  dead6    ,he pu%$ op5
 my door1 & ,i saw him bald1 9 8        
%irt-sleeves1  ) 8 neck b>e1 wa%+ 8 face
 9 ! wa%-b[l4    ,d y ?9k1 ,monsieur    
,g\ld51 ,i ask$1 9 great tr\ble1  t !y w
 take ! lame8    ,no1 no1 he said k9dly2
 fe> no?+1 my *ild1 y c\ld n  s]ve4 ,we 

w fix t4 ,only "w well1 & nev] m9d !    
re/4    ,he saw my anxiety1 & x pa9$    
him4 ,i nev] met a bett] man4  ,!n he   
dress$ himself to g to w9d up ! city    
clocks--^?  ( ,monsieur ! ,comm&ant ( ! 
place1 ( ,monsieur ! ,mayor1  & o!r     
notable p]sonages4 ,i rema9$ at home4   
,monsieur  ,g\ld5 did n return until    
aft] ! ,te ,deum4 ,he took  (f 8 great  
br[n coat1 put 8 p]uke back 9 its box1 &
  aga9 pull+ 8 silk cap ov] 8 e>s1 said3
    ,! army is at ,wilna or at ,smol5sk1
 z ,i le>n f ,monsieur  ! ,comm&ant4    
,god grant t we may succe$ ?is "t & make
  peace1 & ! soon] ! bett]1 = w> is a   
t]rible ?+4    ,i ?\ght1 too1 t1 if we  
_h peace1 s _m m5 w\ld n be  ne$$1 & t  
,i c\ld m>ry ,ca?>9e4 ,any "o c imag9e !
  wi%es ,i =m$ = ! emp]or's glory4      
,,ii4    ,x 0 on ! #ae? ( ,septemb]1    
#ahab1 t ! news came ( !  great victory 
( ! ,mosk[a4 ,e "o 0 full ( joy1 & all  
cri$1 ,n[ we w h peace6 n[ ! w> is end$6
    #cad    ,"s discont5t$ folks might  
say t ,*9a yet rema9$ to be  conqu]$2   

su* m>-joys are always to be f\nd4    ,a
 week aft]1 we le>n$ t our =ces 7 9     
,mosc[1 !  l>ge/ & ri*e/ city 9 ,russia1
 & !n ev]ybody figur$ to  himself !     
booty we w\ld capture1 & ! r$uction x   
w\ld  make 9 ! taxes4 ,b soon came !    
rumor t ! ,russians _h  set fire to _!  
capital1 & t x 0 necess>y to retreat  on
 ,pol& or to die ( hung]4 ,no?+ else 0  
spok5 ( 9 !  inns1 ! brew]ies1 or !     
m>ket2 no "o c\ld meet 8  neighbor )\t  
say+1 ,well1 well1 ?+s g badly2 !       
retreat has comm5c$4    ,p grew pale1 & 
hundr$s ( peasants wait$ morn+ &  night 
at ! po/-(fice1 b no lett]s came n[4 ,i 
pass$ &  repass$ ?r\gh ! cr[d )\t pay+  
mu* att5tion to x1  = ,i _h se5 s mu* ( 
! same ?+4 ,& besides1 ,i _h a  ?\ght 9 
my m9d :i* gladd5$ my he>t1 & made      
ev]y?+  seem rosy to me4    ,y mu/ "k t 
= six mon?s pa/ ,i _h wi%$ to make      
,ca?>9e a magnific5t pres5t = h] fte    
day1 :i*  fell on ! #ah? ( ,decemb]4    
,among ! wat*es :i* hung 9  ,monsieur   
,g\ld5's w9d[ 0 "o little "o1 ( !       

prettie/  k9d1 ) a silv] case full (    
little circles1 :i* made x  %9e l a />4 
,ar\nd ! face1 "u ! glass1 0 a ?read  ( 
copp]1 & on ! face 7 pa9t$ two lov]s1 ! 
y\?  evid5tly decl>+ 8 love1 & giv+ to 8
 swee!>t a  l>ge b\quet ( roses1 :ile %e
 mode/ly l[]$ h] eyes &  held out h] h&4
    ,! fir/ "t ,i saw ! wat*1 ,i said to
 myself3 ,y w n  let t escape2 t wat* is
 = ,ca?>9e1 &1 al?\gh y  mu/ "w e day   
till midnight = x1 %e mu/ h x4          
,monsieur ,g\ld51 aft] sev5 9 ! ev5+1   
all[$ me to "w  on my own acc\nt4 ,he _h
 old wat*es to clean & regulate2 &1  z  
?is "w 0 (t5 v tr\blesome1 old fa!r     
,mel*ior paid  me reasonably = x4 ,b !  
little wat* 0 ?irty-five  francs1 & "o c
 imag9e h[ _m h\rs at night ,i w\ld h   
to "w = x4 ,i am sure t1 if ,monsieur   
,g\ld5 knew t ,i  want$ x1 he w\ld h    
giv5 x me = a pres5t1 b ,i w\ld  n h let
 him take a f>?+ less = x2 ,i w\ld h    
reg>d$ do+ s some?+ %ameful4 ,i kept    
say+1 ,y mu/  e>n x2 no "o else mu/ h   
any claim ^u x4 ,only = fe>  somebody   

else might take a fancy to buy x1 ,i put
 x aside 9 a  box1 tell+ fa!r ,mel*ior t
 ,i knew a pur*as]4    ,"u ^!           
circum/ances1 e "o c readily und]/& h[  
x 0 t all ^! /ories ( w> w5t 9 at "o e> 
& out  at ! o!r ) me4 ,:ile ,i work$ ,i 
imag9$ ,ca?>9e's joy1  & = five mon?s t 
0 all ,i _h be=e my eyes4 ,i ?\ght  h[  
pleas$ %e w\ld look1 & ask$ myself :at  
%e w\ld say4  ,sometimes ,i imag9$ %e   
w\ld cry out1 ,o ,joseph :at are y  ?9k+
 (8 ,x is mu* too beautiful = me4 ,no1  
no2 ,i _c  take s f9e a wat* f y6 ,!n ,i
 ?\ght ,i w\ld =ce x  ^u h]2 ,i w\ld    
slip x into h] apron-pocket1 say+1      
,come1  come1 ,ca?>9e6 ,d y wi% to give 
me pa98 ,i c\ld see h[  %e want$ x1 & t 
%e spoke s only to seem to refuse x4    
,!n ,i imag9$ h] blu%+1 ) h] h&s rais$1 
say+1  ,joseph1 n[ ,i "k inde$ t y love 
me6 ,& %e w\ld  embrace me ) te>s 9 h]  
eyes4 ,i felt v happy4 ,aunt ,grdel     
approv$ ( all4  #cae  ,9 a ^w1 a ?\s&   
su* sc5es pass$ ?r\gh my m9d1 &  :5 ,i  
retir$ at night ,i said3 ,!re is no "o z

 happy z y1  ,joseph4 ,see :at a pres5t 
y c make ,ca?>9e by y\r toil2  & %e     
surely is prep>+ some?+ = y\r fte1 =  %e
 ?9ks only ( y2 y are bo? v happy1 &1 :5
 y  are m>ri$1 all w g well4    ,:ile ,i
 0 ?us work+ on1 ?9k+ only ( happ9ess1 !
  w9t] began1 e>li] ?an usual1 t[>d !   
comm5cem5t (  ,novemb]4 ,x did n beg9 ) 
sn[1 b ) dry1 cold wea!r  & /rong fro/s4
 ,9 a few days all ! leaves _h fall5 &  
! e>? 0 h>d z ice & all cov]$ )         
ho>-fro/2 tiles1  pavem5t1 & w9d[-panes 
glitt]$ ) x4 ,fires _h to be  made to   
keep ! cold out1 &1 :5 ! doors 7 op5$ = 
a  mom5t1 ! heat seem$ to disappe> at   
once4 ,! wood crackl$  9 ! /oves & burnt
 away l /raw 9 ! fi]ce draught (  !     
*imneys4    ,e morn+ ,i ha/5$ to wa% !  
panes ( ! %op-w9d[  ) w>m wat]1 & ,i    
sc>cely clos$ x :5 a fro/y %e5  cov]$ x4
 ,)\t1 p ran puff+ ) _! coat-coll>s  ov]
 _! e>s & _! h&s 9 _! pockets4 ,no "o   
/ood  /ill1 &1 :5 doors op5$1 !y soon   
clos$4    ,i don't "k :at became ( !    
sp>r[s1 :e!r !y 7 dead  or liv+1 b n "o 

twitt]$ 9 ! *imneys1 &1 save !  reveille
 & retreat s\nd$ 9 ! b>racks1 no s\nd   
broke !  sil5ce4    ,(t5 :5 ! fire      
crackl$ m]rily did ,monsieur ,g\ld5 /op 
8 "w1 &1 gaz+ on ! fro/-cov]$ panes1    
exclaim3    ,our poor soldi]s6 our poor 
soldi]s6    ,he said ?is s m\rnfully t  
,i felt a *ok+ 9 my ?roat z  ,i repli$3 
,b1 ,monsieur ,g\ld51 !y ought n[ to be 
9 ,pol& 9 good  b>racks2 = to suppose t 
human be+s c\ld endure a cold  l ?is1 x 
is impossible4    ,su* a cold z ?is1 he 
said2 yes1 "h x is cold1 v cold1  f !   
w9ds f ! m\nta9s2 b :at is ?is fro/ to t
  ( ! nor?1 ( ,russia & ( ,pol&8 ,god   
grant t !y  />t$ e>ly en\gh4 ,my ,god6  
my ,god6 ! lead]s ( m5 h a  heavy weight
 to be>4    ,aft] ! fro/s s mu* sn[ fell
 t ! c\ri]s 7 /opp$  on ! road t[>d     
,quatre-,v5ts4 ,i fe>$ t ,i c\ld n g to 
see ,ca?>9e on h] fte day2 b two        
companies (  infantry set out )         
pickaxes1 & dug ?r\gh ! froz5 sn[ a  way
 = c>riages1 & t road rema9$ op5 until !
  comm5cem5t ( ! mon? ( ,april1 #ahac4  

,nev]!less1 ,ca?>9e's fte approa*$ day  
by day1 &  my happ9ess increas$ 9       
proportion4 ,i _h already !  ?irty-five 
francs1 b ,i did n "k h[ to tell        
,monsieur  ,g\ld5 t ,i wi%$ to buy !    
wat*2 ,i want$ to keep !  :ole matt]    
secret2 & x annoy$ me greatly to talk   
ab\t x4    ,at l5g?1 on ! eve ( !       
ev5tful day1 betwe5 six & sev5  9 !     
ev5+1 :ile we 7 work+ 9 sil5ce1 ! lamp  
betwe5 u1 sudd5ly ,i took my resolution1
 & said3    ,y "k1 ,monsieur ,g\ld51 t  
,i spoke to y ( a pur*as]  = ! little   
silv] wat*4    ,yes1 ,joseph1 said he1  
)\t rais+ 8 head1 b he has n  come yet4 
,x is ,i :o am ! pur*as]1 ,monsieur     
,g\ld54    ,!n he look$ up 9 a/oni%m5t4 
,i took out ! ?irty-five  francs & laid 
!m on ! "w-b5*4 ,he />$ at me4    #caf  
,b1 he said1 x is n su* a wat* z t y    
want1 ,joseph2  y want "o t w fill y\r  
pocket & m>k ! seconds4  ,^? little     
wat*es are only = wom54    ,i knew n :at
 to say4    ,monsieur ,g\ld51 aft]      
m$itat+ a few mom5ts1 began to smile4   

,ah6 he exclaim$2 good6 good6 ,i und]/& 
n[2 to-morr[ is  ,ca?>9e's fte4 ,n[ ,i  
"k :y y work$ day & night4  ,hold6 take 
back ?is money2 ,i d n want x4    ,i 0  
all confusion4    ,monsieur ,g\ld51 ,i  
?ank y1 ,i repli$2 b ?is wat* is  =     
,ca?>9e1 & ,i wi% to h e>n$ x4 ,y w pa9 
me if  y refuse ! money2 ,i w\ld z lief 
n take ! wat*4    ,he said no?+ m1 b    
took ! ?irty-five francs2 !n he  op5$ 8 
draw]1 & *ose a pretty /eel *a91 ) two  
little keys ( silv]-gilt1 :i* he fa/5$  
to ! wat*4 ,!n  he put all toge!r 9 a   
box ) a rose-color$ favor4 ,he did  all 
?is sl[ly1 z if affect$2 !n he gave me !
 box4    ,x is a pretty pres5t1 ,joseph1
 said he4 ,ca?>9e ought to  deem h]self 
happy 9 hav+ su* a lov] z y4 ,%e is a   
good  girl4 ,n[ we c take our supp]4    
,set ! table4    ,! table 0 arrang$1 &  
!n ,monsieur ,g\ld5 took f a  closet a  
bottle ( 8 ,metz w9e1 :i* he kept =     
great  occasions1 & we supp$ l old      
fri5ds r ?an z ma/]  & appr5tice2 all ! 
ev5+ he nev] /opp$ speak+ ( !  m]ry days

 ( 8 y\?2 tell+ me h[ he once _h a      
swee!>t1  b t1 9 #agib1 he left home 9 !
 leve en masse at  ! "t ( ! ,prussian   
invasion1 & t on 8 return to  ,fntrange1
 he f\nd h] m>ri$--a v natural ?+1 s9ce 
he  _h nev] mu/]$ c\rage en\gh to decl>e
 8 love4 ,h[ev]1  ?is did n prev5t 8    
rema9+ fai?ful to ! t5d]  remembrance1 &
 :5 he spoke ( x he seem$ sad inde$4 ,i 
rec\nt$ all ?is 9 imag9ation to ,ca?>9e1
 & x 0 n  until ! /roke ( t51 at !      
passage ( ! r\nds1 :i*  reliev$ !       
s5tries on po/ e tw5ty m9utes on acc\nt 
(  ! great cold1 t we put two good logs 
9 ! fire1 & at  l5g? w5t to b$4         
,,iii4    ,! next day1 ! #ah? (         
,decemb]1 ,i arose ab\t six 9 !  morn+4 
,x 0 t]ribly cold2 my little w9d[ 0     
cov]$ )  a %eet ( fro/4    ,i _h tak5   
c>e ! night be=e to lay out on ! back ( 
a  *air my sky-blue coat1 my tr\s]s1 my 
goat-sk9 ve/1 & my  f9e black silk      
cravat4 ,ev]y?+ 0 ready2 my well-poli%$ 
%oes lay at ! foot ( ! b$2 ,i _h only to
 dress myself2 b  ! cold ,i felt ^u my  

face1 ! sight ( ^? w9d[-panes1  & ! deep
 sil5ce )\t made me %iv] 9 advance4 ,if 
x  7 n ,ca?>9e's fte1 ,i w\ld h rema9$ 9
 b$  until midday2 b sudd5ly t          
recollection made me ru% to !  great    
delf /ove1 :]e "s emb]s ( ! prec$+ night
 almo/  always rema9$ among ! c9d]s4 ,i 
f\nd two or ?ree1 &  ha/5$ to collect & 
put !m "u "s split wood & two  l>ge     
logs1 aft] :i* ,i ran back to my b$4    
,monsieur ,g\ld51 "u ! huge curta9s1 ) !
 cov]+s  pull$ up to 8 nose & 8 cotton  
night-cap ov] 8 eyes1  woke up1 & cri$  
out3    ,joseph1 we h n _h su* cold =   
=ty ye>s4 ,i nev] felt  x s4 ,:at a w9t]
 we %all h6    #cag    ,i did n answ]1 b
 look$ out to see if ! fire 0 light+2  !
 emb]s burnt well2 ,i he>d ! *imney     
draw1 & at once all  blaz$ up4 ,! s\nd (
 ! flames 0 m]ry en\gh1 b x  requir$ a  
good half-h\r to feel ! air any w>m]4   
,at la/ ,i arose & dress$ myself4       
,monsieur ,g\ld5 kept on  *att+1 b ,i   
?\ght only ( ,ca?>9e1 & :5 at l5g?1     
t[>d eight o'clock1 ,i />t$ out1 he     

exclaim$3    ,joseph1 :at are y ?9k+ (8 
,are y go+ to ,quatre-,v5ts  9 t little 
coat8 ,y w\ld be dead be=e y accompli%$ 
half ! j\rney4 ,g into my closet1 & take
 my great cloak1 &  ! mitt5s1 & !       
d\ble-sol$ %oes l9$ ) flannel4    ,i 0 s
 sm>t 9 my f9e clo!s t ,i reflect$ :e!r 
x  w\ld be bett] to foll[ 8 advice1 &   
he1 see+ my  hesitation1 said3    ,li/56
 a man 0 f\nd froz5 ye/]day on ! way to 
,we*am4  ,doctor ,/e9br5n] said t he    
s\nd$ l a piece ( dry wood  :5 !y tapp$ 
him4 ,he 0 a soldi]1 & _h left ! village
  betwe5 six & sev5 o'clock1 & at eight 
!y f\nd him2 s  t ! fro/ did n take long
 to d its "w4 ,if y want y\r  nose & e>s
 froz51 y h only to g out z y are4    ,i
 knew1 !n1 t he 0 "r2 s ,i put on ! ?ick
 %oes1 &  pass$ ! cord ( ! mitt5s ov] my
 %\ld]s1 & put !  cloak ov] all4 ,?us   
acc\tr$1 ,i salli$ =?1 aft] ?ank+       
,monsieur ,g\ld51 :o w>n$ me n to /ay   
too late1 = !  cold increas$ t[>d night1
 & great numb]s ( wolves 7  cross+ !    
,rh9e on ! ice4    ,i _h n gone z f> z !

 *ur* :5 ,i turn$ up ! fox-sk9  coll> ( 
! cloak to %ield my e>s4 ,! cold 0 s ke5
 t  x seem$ z ?\gh ! air 7 fill$ )      
ne$les1 & "o's  body %rank involunt>ily 
f head to foot4    ,"u ! ,g]man gate1 ,i
 saw ! soldi] on gu>d1 9 8 great  gray  
mantle1 /&+ back 9 8 box l a sa9t 9 8   
ni*e2  he _h 8 sleeve wrapp$ ab\t 8     
musket :]e he held x1 to  keep 8 f+]s f 
! iron1 & two long icicles hung f  8    
mu/a*es4 ,no "o 0 on ! bridge1 b1 a     
little fur!r  on1 ,i saw ?ree c>ts 9 !  
middle ( ! road ) _!  canvas-tops all   
cov]$ ) fro/2 !y 7 unh>ness$ &  ab&on$4 
,ev]y?+ 9 ! di/ance seem$ dead2 all liv+
  ?+s _h hidd5 !mselves f ! cold2 & ,i  
c\ld he>  no?+ b ! sn[ crun*+ "u my     
feet4 ,on ea* side 7  walls ( ice1 z ,i 
ran along ! tr5* ! soldi]s _h dug 9  !  
sn[2 9 "s places swept by ! w9d1 ,i c\ld
 see ! oak  =e/ & ! blui% m\nta91 bo?   
seem+ mu* ne>] ?an  !y 71 on acc\nt ( ! 
cle>ness ( ! air4 ,n a dog  b>k$ 9 a    
f>m-y>d2 x 0 ev5 too cold = t4    ,b !  
?\ght ( ,ca?>9e w>m$ my he>t1 & soon ,i 

descri$  ! fir/ h\ses ( ,quatre-,v5ts4  
,! *imneys & ! ?at*$  ro(s1 to ! "r &   
left ( ! road1 7 sc>cely high]  ?an !   
m\nta9s ( sn[1 & ! villag]s _h dug      
tr5*es  along ! walls1 s t !y c\ld pass 
to ea* o!r's h\ses4  ,b t day e family  
kept ar\nd its he>?1 & ! little  r\nd   
w9d[-panes seem$ pa9t$ r$1 f ! great    
fires  burn+ )94 ,be=e ea* door 0 a     
truss ( /raw to keep !  cold f ent]+    
b5ea? x4    #cah    ,at ! fif? door to !
 "r ,i /opp$ to take (f my mitt5s2  !n  
,i op5$ & clos$ x v quickly4 ,i 0 at !  
h\se (  ,grdel ,bau]1 ! wid[ ( ,mat?ias 
,bau] & ,ca?>9e's "m4    ,z ,i ent]$1 & 
:ile ,aunt ,grdel1 a/oni%$ at my fox-sk9
  coll>1 0 yet turn+ h] gray head1      
,ca?>9e1 9 h] ,sunday  dress--a pretty  
/rip$ petticoat1 a k]*ief ) long fr+e   
fold$ across h] bosom1 a r$ apron fa/5$ 
ar\nd h] sl5d]  wai/1 a pretty cap (    
blue silk ) black velvet b&s sett+  (f  
h] rosy & :ite face1 s(t eyes1 &        
slightly  retr\ss nose--,ca?>9e1 ,i say1
 exclaim$3    ,x is ,joseph6    ,& %e   

ran to greet me1 say+3    ,i knew ! cold
 w\ld n keep y f com+4    ,i 0 s happy t
 ,i c\ld n speak4 ,i took (f my cloak1  
:i*  ,i hung ^u a nail on ! wall1 ) my  
mitt5s2 ,i took (f  ,monsieur ,g\ld5's  
great %oes1 & felt myself pale ) joy4   
,i w\ld h said some?+ agreeable1 b c\ld 
n2 sudd5ly ,i  exclaim$3    ,see "h1    
,ca?>9e2 "h is some?+ = y\r fte4    ,%e 
ran to ! table4 ,aunt ,grdel also came  
to see ! pres5t4  ,ca?>9e unti$ ! cord &
 op5$ ! box4 ,i 0 beh9d !m1  my he>t    
b\nd+--,i fe>$ t ! wat* 0 n pretty      
en\gh4  ,b 9 an in/ant1 ,ca?>9e1 clasp+ 
h] h&s1 said 9 a l[  voice3    ,h[      
beautiful6 ,x is a wat*6    ,yes1 said  
,aunt ,grdel2 x is beautiful2 ,i nev]   
saw s f9e a  "o4 ,"o w\ld ?9k x 0 silv]4
    ,b x is silv]1 return$ ,ca?>9e1     
turn+ t[>d me  inquir+ly4    ,!n ,i     
said3    ,d y ?9k1 ,aunt ,grdel1 t ,i   
w\ld be capable ( giv+ a  gilt wat* to  
"o :om ,i love bett] ?an my own life8   
,if ,i c\ld  d su* a ?+1 ,i w\ld despise
 myself m ?an ! dirt ( my  %oes4        

,aunt ,grdel ask$3    ,b :at is ?is     
pa9t$ ^u ! face8    ,t pa9t+1 ,aunt     
,grdel1 said ,i1 repres5ts two lov]s :o 
love ea* o!r m ?an !y c tell3 ,joseph   
,b]?a &  ,ca?>9e ,bau]2 ,joseph is (f]+ 
a b\quet ( roses to 8  swee!>t1 :o is   
/ret*+ out h] h& to take !m4    ,:5     
,aunt ,grdel _h suffici5tly admir$ !    
wat*1 %e said3    ,come until ,i kiss y1
 ,joseph4 ,i see v well t y mu/  h      
economiz$ v mu* & work$ h>d = ?is wat*1 
& ,i  ?9k x is v pretty1 & t y are a    
good workman1 &  w d u no discr$it4     
,f !n until midday we 7 happy z birds4  
,aunt ,grdel  bu/l$ ab\t to prep>e a    
l>ge pancake ) dri$ prunes1 &  w9e1 &   
c9namon & o!r good ?+s 9 x2 b we paid no
  att5tion to h]1 & x 0 only :5 %e put  
on h] r$ jacket  & black sabots1 &      
call$1 ,come1 my *ildr52 to table6 t  we
 saw ! f9e table-clo?1 ! great porr+]1 !
 pit*] (  w9e1 & ! l>ge r\nd1 gold5     
pancake on a plate 9 !  middle4 ,! sight
 rejoic$ u n a little1 & ,ca?>9e said3  
,sit !re1 ,joseph1 opposite ! w9d[1 t ,i

 may look at y4  ,b y mu/ fix my wat*1 =
 ,i d n "k :]e to put x4    ,i pass$ !  
*a9 ar\nd h] neck1 & !n1 seat+          
ourselves1  we ate gayly4 ,)\t1 n a s\nd
 0 he>d2 )9 ! fire  crackl$ m]rily ^u ! 
he>?4 ,x 0 v pleasant 9 !  l>ge kit*51 &
 ! gray cat1 a little wild1 gaz$ at u   
?r\gh ! balu/]s ( ! /airs )\t d>+ to    
come d[n4    #cai    ,ca?>9e1 aft] d9n]1
 sang ,d] liebe ,gott4 ,%e _h a  sweet1 
cle> voice1 & x seem$ to float to heav54
 ,i sang l[1  m]ely to su/a9 h]4 ,aunt  
,grdel1 :o c\ld nev] re/ do+  no?+1     
began sp9n+2 ! hum ( h] :eel fill$ up ! 
sil5ces1 & we all felt happy4 ,:5 "o air
 0 end$1 we began  ano!r4 ,at ?ree      
o'clock1 ,aunt ,grdel s]v$ up ! pancake1
 &  z we ate x1 laugh+1 %e w\ld exclaim3
    ,come1 come1 n[1 y are *ildr5 9     
reality4    ,%e pret5d$ to be angry1 b  
we c\ld see 9 h] eyes t %e  0 happy f ! 
bottom ( h] he>t4 ,?is la/$ until f\r   
o'clock1 :5 night began to come on      
apace2 ! d>kness seem$  to ent] by !    
little w9d[s1 &1 kn[+ t we mu/ soon  "p1

 we sat sadly ar\nd ! he>? on :i* ! r$  
flames 7  danc+4 ,i w\ld almo/ h giv5 my
 life to rema9 long]4  ,ano!r half-h\r  
pass$1 :5 ,aunt ,grdel cri$3    ,li/51  
,joseph6 ,x is "t = y to g2 ! moon does 
n rise  till aft] midnight1 & x w soon  
be d>k z a kiln outside1  & an accid5t  
happ5s s easily 9 ^! great fro/s4    ,^!
 words seem$ to fall l a bolt ( ice1 &  
,i felt  ,ca?>9e's clasp tight5 on my   
h&4 ,b ,aunt ,grdel 0 "r4    ,come1 said
 %e1 ris+ & tak+ d[n ! cloak f ! wall2  
y w come aga9 ,sunday4    ,i _h to put  
on ! heavy %oes1 ! mitt5s1 & ! cloak (  
,monsieur ,g\ld51 & w\ld h wi%$ t ,i 7 a
 hundr$  ye>s do+ s1 b1 un=tunately1    
,aunt ,grdel assi/$ me4 ,:5  ,i _h !    
great coll> drawn up to my e>s1 %e said3
    ,n[1 ,joseph1 y mu/ g6    ,ca?>9e   
rema9$ sil5t4 ,i op5$ ! door1 & !       
t]rible  cold1 ent]+1 admoni%$ me n to  
wait4    ,ha/51 ,joseph1 said my aunt4  
,good-night1 ,joseph1 good-night6 cri$  
,ca?>9e1 & d n  =get to come ,sunday4   
,i turn$ ar\nd to wave my h&2 !n ,i ran 

on )\t rais+ my  head1 = ! cold 0 s     
int5se t x br\ght te>s to my  eyes ev5  
beh9d ! great coll>4    ,i ran on ?us "s
 tw5ty m9utes1 sc>cely d>+ to brea!1  :5
 a drunk5 voice call$ out3    ,:o goes  
!re8    ,i look$ ?r\gh ! dim night1 &   
saw1 fifty paces be=e me1  ,p9acle1 !   
p$l]1 ) 8 huge basket1 8 ott]-sk9 cap1  
wooll5 gloves1 & iron-po9t$ /aff4 ,!    
lant]n1 hang+ f  ! /rap ( 8 basket lit  
up 8 debau*$ face1 8 *9  bri/l+ ) yell[ 
be>d1 & 8 great nose %ap$ l an          
ext+ui%]4 ,he gl>$ ) 8 little eyes l a  
wolf1 &  repeat$1 ,:o goes !re8    ,?is 
,p9acle 0 ! greate/ rogue 9 ! c\ntry4   
,he _h1 !  ye> be=e1 a difficulty )     
,monsieur ,g\ld51 :o dem&$ (  him !     
price ( a wat* :i* he und]took to deliv]
 to  ,monsieur ,an/ett1 ! curate (      
,hom]t1 & ! money = :i*  he put into 8  
pocket1 say+ he _h paid x to me4 ,b1    
al?\gh ! villa9 made oa? be=e ! ju/ice (
 ! peace1  ,monsieur ,g\ld5 knew !      
contr>y1 = on ! day 9 "q  nei!r he nor  
,i _h left ! h\se4 ,besides1 ,p9acle    

want$ to  dance ) ,ca?>9e at a fe/ival  
at ,quatre-,v5ts1 & %e  refus$ because  
%e knew ! /ory ( ! wat*1 & 01  besides1 
unwill+ to leave me4    #cbj    ,!      
sight1 !n1 ( ?is rogue ) 8 iron-%od /ick
 9 !  middle ( ! road did n t5d to      
rejoice my he>t4 ,happily a  little pa? 
:i* w\nd ar\nd ! cemet]y 0 at my left1  
&1  )\t reply+1 ,i da%$ ?r\gh x1 al?\gh 
! sn[ rea*$  my wai/4    ,!n he1 guess+ 
:o ,i 01 cri$ furi\sly3    ,aha6 x is ! 
little lame fell[6 ,halt6 halt6 ,i want 
to bid y  good-ev5+4 ,y came f          
,ca?>9e's1 y wat*-/eal]4    ,b ,i sprang
 l a h>e ?r\gh ! heaps ( sn[2 he at fir/
  tri$ to foll[ me1 b 8 pack h9d]$ him1 
&1 :5 ,i ga9$  ! gr\nd aga91 he put 8   
h&s ar\nd 8 m\?1 &  %riek$3    ,nev]    
m9d1 cripple1 nev] m9d6 ,y\r reckon+ is 
com+ all  ! same2 ! conscription is     
com+--! gr& conscription (  ! "o-ey$1 ! 
lame1 & ! hun*-back$4 ,y w h to  g1 & y 
w f9d a place "u gr\nd l ! o!rs4    ,he 
cont9u$ 8 way1 laugh+ l ! sot he 01 &   
,i1  sc>cely able to brea!1 kept on1    

?ank+ ,heav5 t !  little alley 0 s ne>  
me2 = ,p9acle1 :o 0 kn[n always to  draw
 8 knife 9 a fight1 might h done me an  
ill turn4    ,9 spite ( my ex]tion1 my  
feet1 ev5 9 ! ?ick %oes1 7  int5sely    
cold1 & ,i aga9 began runn+4    ,t night
 ! wat] froze 9 ! ci/]ns ( ,phalsb\rg & 
!  w9es 9 ! cell>s--?+s t _h n happ5$   
be=e =  sixty ye>s4    ,on ! bridge & "u
 ! ,g]man gate ! sil5ce seem$ yet  deep]
 ?an 9 ! morn+1 & ! night made x seem   
t]rible4  ,a few />s %one betwe5 !      
masses ( :ite cl\d t hung  ov] ! city4  
,all along ! /reet ,i met n a s\l1 & :5 
,i  rea*$ home1 aft] %utt+ ! door ( our 
l[] passage1 x  seem$ w>m to me1 al?\gh 
! little /ream t ran f !  y>d along !   
wall 0 froz54 ,i /opp$ a mom5t to take  
brea?2 !n ,i asc5d$ 9 ! d>k1 my h& on ! 
balu/]4    ,:5 ,i op5$ ! door ( my room1
 ! *e]ful w>m? ( !  /ove 0 grateful     
inde$4 ,monsieur ,g\ld5 0 seat$ 9 8     
arm-*air be=e ! fire1 8 cap ( black silk
 pull$ ov] 8  e>s1 & 8 h&s re/+ ^u 8    
knees4    ,is t y1 ,joseph8 he ask$ )\t 

turn+ r\nd4    ,x is1 ,i answ]$4 ,h[    
pleasant x is "h1 & h[ cold out  (      
doors6 ,we nev] _h su* a w9t]4    ,no1  
said he gravely4 ,x is a w9t] t w long  
be  rememb]$4    ,i w5t into ! closet & 
hung ! cloak & mitt5s 9 _!  places1 & 0 
ab\t relat+ my adv5ture ) ,p9acle1 :5 he
  resum$3    ,y _h a pleasant day ( x1  
,joseph1    ,i h _h1 inde$4 ,aunt ,grdel
 & ,ca?>9e wi%$ me to make  y _!        
complim5ts4    ,v good1 v good1 said he2
 ! "y are "r to amuse  !mselves1 = :5 we
 gr[ old1 & suff]1 & see s mu* (        
inju/ice1 selfi%ness1 & mis=tune1 ev]y?+
 is spoil$ 9  advance4    ,he spoke z if
 talk+ to himself1 gaz+ at ! fire4 ,i _h
  nev] se5 him s sad1 & ,i ask$3    ,are
 y n well1 ,monsieur ,g\ld58    ,b he1  
)\t reply+1 murmur$3    ,yes1 yes2 ?is  
is to be a great milit>y nation2 ?is is 
glory6    ,he %ook 8 head & b5t ov]     
gloomily1 8 heavy gray br[s  contract$ 9
 a fr[n4    #cba    ,i knew n :at to ?9k
 ( all ?is1 :51 rais+ 8 head  aga91 he  
said3    ,at ?is mom5t1 ,joseph1 !re are

 f\r hundr$ ?\s& families  weep+ 9      
,france2 ! gr& army has p]i%$ 9 ! sn[s  
(f  ,russia2 all ^? /\t "y m5 :om = two 
mon?s we saw  pass+ our gates are buri$ 
b5ea? !m4 ,! news came ?is  aft]noon4   
,oh6 x is horrible6 horrible6    ,i 0   
sil5t4 ,n[ ,i saw cle>ly t we mu/ h     
ano!r  conscription1 z aft] all         
campaigns1 & ?is "t ! lame  w\ld mo/    
probably be call$4 ,i grew pale1 &      
,p9acle's  prophecy made my hair /& on  
end4    ,g to b$1 ,joseph2 re/ easy1    
said ,monsieur ,g\ld54 ,i am n  sleepy2 
,i w /ay "h2 all ?is upsets me4 ,did y  
rem>k  any?+ 9 ! city8    ,no1 ,monsieur
 ,g\ld54    ,i w5t to my room & to b$4  
,= a long "t ,i c\ld n close  my eyes1  
?9k+ ( ! conscription1 ( ,ca?>9e1 & ( s 
_m ?\s&s ( m5 buri$ 9 ! sn[1 & !n ,i    
plott$  flight to ,switz]l&4    ,ab\t   
?ree o'clock ,monsieur ,g\ld5 retir$1 & 
a few m9utes  aft]1 ?r\gh ,god's grace1 
,i fell asleep4                         
,,iv4      ,:5 ,i arose 9 ! morn+1 ab\t 
sev51 ,i w5t to ,monsieur  ,g\ld5's room

 to beg9 "w2 b he 0 /ill 9 b$1 look+    
we>y & sick4    ,joseph1 said he1 ,i am 
n well4 ,?is horrible news has made me  
sick1 & ,i h n slept at all4 ,i w get up
 by & by4 ,b  ?is is ! day to regulate !
 city clocks2 ,i _c g2 = to  see s _m   
good p--p ,i h kn[n = ?irty  ye>s--9    
mis]y1 w\ld kill me4 ,li/51 ,joseph2    
take ^? keys  hang+ beh9d ! door1 & g4  
,i w try to sleep a little4 ,if  ,i c\ld
 sleep an h\r or two1 x w\ld d me good4 
,v well1 ,monsieur ,g\ld51 ,i repli$2 ,i
 w g at once4    ,aft] putt+ m wood 9 ! 
/ove1 ,i took ! cloak &  mitt5s1 drew   
,monsieur ,g\ld5's b$-curta9s1 & w5t    
out1 !  bun* ( keys 9 my pocket4 ,!     
illness ( ,fa!r ,mel*ior  griev$ me v   
mu* = a :ile1 b a ?\ght came to console 
me1 & ,i said to myself3 ,y c climb up !
 city clock-t[]1  & see ! h\se ( ,ca?>9e
 & ,aunt ,grdel4 ,?9k+ ?us1 ,i  arriv$  
at ! h\se ( ,bra9/e91 ! bell-r+]1 :o    
liv$ at  ! corn] ( ! little c\rt1 9 an  
old1 tumble-d[n b>rack4  ,8 two sons 7  
weav]s1 & 9 _! old home ! noise ( !     

loom & ! :i/le ( ! %uttle 0 he>d f morn+
 till  night4 ,! gr&-"m1 old & bl9d1    
slept 9 an arm-*air1 on  ! back ( :i*   
p]*$ a magpie4 ,fa!r ,bra9/e91 :5 he    
did n h to r+ ! bells = a *ri/5+1 a     
fun]al1 or a  m>riage1 kept read+ 8     
almanac beh9d ! small r\nd panes  ( 8   
w9d[4    ,! old man1 :5 he saw me1 rose 
up1 say+3    ,x is y1 ,monsieur ,joseph4
    ,yes1 ,fa!r ,bra9/e92 ,i come 9     
place ( ,monsieur ,g\ld51 :o  is n well4
    ,v well2 x is all ! same4    ,he    
took up 8 /aff & put on 8 wooll5 cap1   
driv+ away !  cat t 0 sleep+ ^u x2 !n he
 took ! great key ( !  /eeple f a draw]1
 & we w5t out toge!r1 ,i 0 glad to  f9d 
myself aga9 9 ! op5 air1 despite ! cold2
 = _!  mis]able room 0 gray ) vapor1 & z
 h>d to brea! 9 z  a kettle2 ,i c\ld    
nev] und]/& h[ p c\ld live 9 su*  a way4
    #cbb    ,at la/ we ga9$ ! /reet1 &  
,fa!r ,bra9/e9 said3    ,y h he>d ( !   
great ,russian disa/]1 ,monsieur        
,joseph8    ,yes1 ,fa!r ,bra9/e92 x is  
fe>ful    ,ah6 said he1 !re w be _m a   

,mass said 9 ! *ur*es2  e "o w weep &   
pray = _! *ildr51 ! m t  !y are dead 9 a
 hea!n l&4    ,we cross$ ! c\rt1 & 9    
front ( ! t[]-hall1 opposite  !         
gu>d-h\se1 _m peasants & city p 7       
already  /&+1 read+ a plac>d4 ,we w5t up
 ! /eps & ent]$ !  *ur*1 :]e m ?an tw5ty
 wom51 "y & old1 7  kneel+ on ! pavem5t1
 9 spite ( ! t]rible cold4    ,is x n z 
,i said8 said ,bra9/e94 ,!y are com+    
already  to pray1 & half ( !m h be5 "h  
s9ce five o'clock4    ,he op5$ ! little 
door ( ! /eeple lead+ to ! organ1  & we 
began climb+ up 9 ! d>k4 ,once 9 !      
organ-l(t1 we  turn$ to ! left ( !      
bell[s1 & w5t up to ! bells4    ,i 0    
glad to see ! blue sky & brea! ! free   
air aga91  = ! bad odor ( ! bats :i*    
inhabit$ ! t[] almo/  suffocat$ me1 ,b  
h[ t]rible ! cold 0 9 t cage1 op5  to e 
w9d1 & h[ dazzl+ly ! sn[ %one ov] tw5ty 
leagues ( c\ntry6 ,all ! little city (  
,phalsb\rg1 ) its  six ba/ions1 ?ree    
demilunes1 two advanc$ works2 its       
b>racks1 magaz9es1 bridges1 glacis1     

ramp>ts2 its great  p>ade-gr\nd1 &      
little1 well-align$ h\ses1 7 b5ea? me1  
z if drawn on :ite pap]4 ,i 0 n yet     
accu/om$ to !  height1 & ,i held fa/ on 
! middle ( ! plat=m = fe> ,i  might jump
 (f1 = ,i _h read ( p hav+ _! heads     
turn$ by great heights4 ,i did n d>e g  
to ! clock1 &1 if  ,bra9/e9 _h n set me 
! example1 ,i w\ld h rema9$  !re1 press$
 aga9/ ! beam f :i* ! bells hung2 b he  
said3    ,come1 ,monsieur ,joseph1 & see
 if x is "r4    ,!n ,i took out         
,monsieur ,g\ld5's l>ge wat* :i* m>k$   
seconds1 & ,i saw t ! clock 0           
consid]ably sl[4  ,bra9/e9 help$ me to  
w9d x up1 & we regulat$ x4    ,! clock  
is always sl[ 9 w9t]1 said he1 because (
 !  iron work+4    ,aft] becom+ some:at 
accu/om$ to ! elevation1 ,i began to    
look ar\nd4 ,!re 7 ! oak-wood b>racks1 !
 upp]  b>racks1 ,bigelb]g1 & la/ly1     
opposite me1 ,quatre-,v5ts1 &  ! h\se ( 
,aunt ,grdel1 f ! *imney ( :i* a ?read (
  blue smoke rose t[>d ! sky4 ,& ,i saw 
! kit*51 &  imag9$ ,ca?>9e1 9 sabots &  

wooll5 skirt1 sp9n+ at !  corn] ( ! he>?
 & ?9k+ ( me4 ,i no long] felt !  cold2 
,i c\ld n take my eyes f _! cottage4    
,fa!r ,bra9/e91 :o did n "k :at ,i 0    
look+ at1 said3  ,yes1 yes1 ,monsieur   
,joseph2 n[ all ! roads are cov]$ )  p 9
 spite ( ! sn[4 ,! news has already     
spread1 &  e "o wants to "k ! ext5t ( 8 
loss4    ,he 0 "r2 e road & pa? 0 cov]$ 
) p com+  to ! city2 &1 look+ 9 ! c\rt1 
,i saw ! cr[d  increas+ e mom5t be=e !  
gu>d-h\se1 & ! mairie1  & ! po/-(fice4  
,a deep horror arose f ! mass4    ,at   
l5g?1 aft] a la/1 long look at ,ca?>9e's
 h\se1 ,i _h to  desc5d1 & we w5t d[n ! 
d>k1 w9d+ /airs1 z if  desc5d+ into a   
well4 ,once 9 ! organ-l(t1 we saw t !   
cr[d _h greatly increas$ 9 ! *ur*2 all !
 mo!rs1 !  si/]s1 ! old gr&mo!rs1 ! ri*1
 & ! poor1 7  kneel+ on ! b5*es 9 ! mid/
 ( ! deepe/ sil5ce2 !y  pray$ = ! abs5t1
 (f]+ all only to see !m once  aga94    
#cbc    ,at fir/ ,i did n realize all   
?is2 b sudd5ly ! ?\ght  t1 if ,i _h gone
 ! ye> be=e1 ,ca?>9e w\ld be !re  pray+ 

& ask+ me ( ,god1 fell l a bolt on my   
he>t1 & ,i  felt all my body tremble4   
,let u g6 let u g6 ,i exclaim$1 ?is is  
t]rible4    ,:at is8 he ask$4    ,w>4   
,we desc5d$ ! /airs "u ! great gate1 &  
,i w5t across  ! c\rt to ! h\se (       
,monsieur ! ,comm&ant ,meuni]1 :ile     
,bra9/e9 took ! way to 8 h\se4    ,at ! 
corn] ( ! ,hotel de ,ville1 ,i saw a    
sight :i* ,i %all  rememb] all my life4 
,!re1 ar\nd a plac>d1 7 m ?an  five     
hundr$ p1 m5 & wom5 cr[d$ aga9/ ea* o!r1
  all pale & ) necks out/ret*$1 gaz+ at 
x z at "s  horrible app>ition4 ,!y c\ld 
n read x1 & f "t to  "t "o w\ld say 9   
,g]man or ,fr5*3    ,b !y are n all     
dead6 ,"s w return4    ,o!rs cri$ out3  
,let u see x6 let u get ne> x4    ,a    
poor old woman 9 ! re> lift$ up h] arms1
 & cri$3    ,*ri/oph]6 my poor          
,*ri/oph]6    ,o!rs1 angry at h] clamor1
 call$ out to sil5ce h]4    ,beh9d1 !   
cr[d cont9u$ to p\r ?r\gh ! ,g]man gate4
    ,at l5g?1 ,h>mauti]1 !              
s]g5t-de-ville1 came out (  ! gu>d-h\se1

 & /ood at ! top ( ! /eps1 ) ano!r      
plac>d l ! fir/2 a few soldi]s foll[$   
him4 ,!n a ru%  0 made t[>d him1 b !    
soldi]s kept (f ! cr[d1 & old  ,h>mauti]
 began to read ! plac>d1 :i* he call$ ! 
tw5ty-n9? bullet91 & 9 :i* ! emp]or     
in=m$ !m  t dur+ ! retreat ! horses     
p]i%$ e night by  ?\s&s4 ,he said no?+ (
 ! m56    ,! s]g5t-de-ville read sl[ly2 
n a brea? 0 he>d  9 ! cr[d2 ev5 ! old   
woman1 :o did n und]/& ,fr5*1  li/5$ l !
 o!rs4 ,! buzz ( a fly c\ld h be5  he>d4
 ,b :5 he came to ?is passage1 ,our     
cavalry 0  dism\nt$ to su* an ext5t t we
 7 =c$ to collect !  (fic]s :o yet own$ 
horses to =m f\r companies ( "o  hundr$ 
& fifty m5 ea*4 ,g5]als rat$ z capta9s1 
&  colonels z "u-(fic]s--:5 he read ?is 
passage1 :i*  told m ( ! mis]y ( ! gr&  
army ?an all ! re/1  cries & groans     
arose on all sides2 two or ?ree wom5    
fell &  7 c>ri$ away4    ,x is true t ! 
bullet9 add$1 ,! heal? ( 8 maje/y  0    
nev] bett]1 & t 0 a great consolation4  
,un=tunately x c\ld n re/ore life to    

?ree hundr$ ?\s&  m5 buri$ 9 ! sn[2 & s 
! p w5t away v sad4  ,o!rs came by doz5s
 :o _h n he>d ! news read1 & f  "t to "t
 ,h>mauti] came out to read ! bullet94  
,?is la/$ until night2 /ill ! same sc5e 
ov] aga94    ,i ran f ! place2 ,i want$ 
to "k no?+ ab\t x4    ,i w5t to         
,monsieur ! ,comm&ant's4 ,ent]+ a p>lor1
 ,i saw him  at breakfa/4 ,he 0 an old  
man1 b hale1 ) a r$ face &  good        
appetite4    ,ah6 x is y6 said he1      
,monsieur ,g\ld5 is n com+1 !n8    ,no1 
,monsieur ! ,comm&ant1 ! bad news has   
made him ill4    #cbd    ,ah6 ,i und]/&1
 he said1 empty+ 8 glass1 yes1 x is     
un=tunate4    ,& :ile ,i 0 regulat+ !   
clock1 he add$3    ,bah6 tell ,monsieur 
,g\ld5 t we w h our rev5ge4 ,we  _c     
always h ! upp] h&4 ,= fifte5 ye>s we h 
kept  ! drums beat+ ov] !m1 & x is only 
"r to let !m  h ?is little morsel (     
consolation4 ,& !n our honor is  safe2  
we 7 n beat5 fight+2 )\t ! cold & ! sn[1
  ^? poor ,cossacks w\ld h _h a h>d "t (
 x4 ,b  pati5ce2 ! skeletons ( our      

regim5ts w soon be fill$1 &  !n let !m  
bew>e4    ,i w\nd up ! clock2 he rose & 
came to look at x1 = he 0  a great      
amateur 9 clock-mak+4 ,he p9*$ my e> 9 a
 m]ry  mood2 & !n1 z ,i 0 go+ away1 he  
cri$ z he button$ up  8 ov]coat1 :i* he 
_h op5$ be=e beg9n+ breakfa/3    ,tell  
,fa!r ,g\ld5 to re/ easy1 ! dance w beg9
 aga9 9  ! spr+2 ! ,kalmucks w n always 
h w9t] fight+ =  !m4 ,tell him t4       
,yes1 ,monsieur ! ,comm&ant1 ,i answ]$1 
%utt+ ! door4    ,8 burly figure & air (
 good humor com=t$ me a little2 b  9 all
 ! o!r h\ses ,i w5t to1 at ! ,horwi*es1 
!  ,frantz-,tonis1 ! ,durla*s1 ev]y:]e  
,i he>d only lam5tations4  ,! wom5      
especially 7 9 mis]y2 ! m5 said no?+1 b 
walk$ ab\t ) heads hang+ d[n1 & )\t ev5 
look+ to  see :at ,i 0 do+4    ,t[>d t5 
o'clock !re only rema9$ two p]sons = me 
to see3  ,monsieur de la                
,vabl]ie-,*amb]l91 "o ( ! anci5t        
nobility1  :o liv$ at ! end ( ! ma9     
/reet1 ) ,madame  ,*amb]l9-d',ec( &     
,mademoiselle ,jeanne1 _! daught]1 ,!y  

7 migrs1 & _h return$ ab\t ?ree or f\r  
ye>s  be=e4 ,!y saw no "o 9 ! city1 &   
only ?ree or f\r old  prie/s 9 !        
environs4 ,monsieur de la               
,vabl]ie-,*amb]l9  lov$ only ! *ase4 ,he
 _h six dogs at ! end ( ! y>d1 &  a     
two-horse c>riage2 ,fa!r ,rob]t1 ( !    
,rue des ,capuc9s1  s]v$ !m z coa*man1  
groom1 footman1 & huntsman4 ,monsieur   
de la ,vabl]ie-,*amb]l9 always wore a   
hunt+ ve/1 a lea!rn  cap1 & boots &     
spurs4 ,all ! t[n call$ him ! hunt]1 b  
!y said no?+ ( ,madame nor (            
,mademoiselle de ,*amb]l94    ,i 0 v sad
 :5 ,i pu%$ op5 ! heavy door1 :i* clos$ 
) a pulley ^: creak+ e*o$ ?r\gh !       
ve/ibule4 ,:at  0 !n my surprise to he>1
 9 ! mid/ ( g5]al m\rn+1  ! tones ( a   
song & h>psi*ord6 ,monsieur de la       
,vabl]ie 0  s++1 & ,mademoiselle ,jeanne
 accompany+ him4 ,i knew n1 9  ^? days1 
t ! mis=tune ( "o 0 (t5 ! joy (  o!rs1 &
 ,i said to myself1 ) my h& on ! lat*3  
,!y  h n he>d ! news f ,russia4    ,b   
:ile ,i /ood ?us1 ! door ( ! kit*5 op5$1

 &  ,mademoiselle ,l\ise1 _! s]vant1    
putt+ out h] head1 ask$3    ,:o is !re8 
,x is ,i1 ,mademoiselle ,l\ise4    ,ah6 
x is y1 ,monsieur ,joseph4 ,come ?is    
way4    ,!y _h _! clock 9 a l>ge p>lor  
:i* !y r>ely ent]$2  ! high w9d[s1 )    
bl9ds1 rema9$ clos$2 b !re 0  light     
en\gh = :at ,i _h to d4 ,i pass$ !n     
?r\gh !  kit*5 & regulat$ ! antique     
clock1 :i* 0 a magnific5t  piece ( "w ( 
:ite m>ble4 ,mademoiselle ,l\ise look$  
on4    ,y h company1 ,mademoiselle      
,l\ise8 ,i ask$4    #cbe    ,no1 b      
monsieur ord]$ me to let no "o 94    ,y 
are v *e]ful "h4    ,ah6 yes1 %e said2 &
 x is = ! fir/ "t 9 ye>s2 ,i  don't "k  
:at is ! matt]4    ,my "w done1 ,i left 
! h\se1 m$itat+ on ^! occurr5ces1  :i*  
seem$ to me /range4 ,! idea nev] ent]$  
my m9d t  !y 7 rejoic+ at our defeat4   
,!n ,i turn$ ! corn] ( ! /reet to g to  
,fa!r ,fral's1  :o 0 call$ !            
,/&>d-,be>]1 because1 at ! age (        
=ty-five1 he1 a blacksmi?1 & = _m ye>s !
 fa!r ( a  family1 _h c>ri$ ! colors ( !

 volunte]s ( ,phalsb\rg 9  '#ib1 & only 
return$ aft] ! ,zuri* campaign4 ,he _h 8
  ?ree sons 9 ! army ( ,russia1 ,jean1  
,l\is1 & ,george ,fral4  ,george 0      
comm&ant ( dragoons2 ! two o!rs1 (fic]s 
(  infantry4    ,i imag9$ ! grief (     
,fa!r ,fral :ile ,i 0 go+1 b x  0 no?+  
to :at ,i saw :5 ,i ent]$ 8 room4 ,!    
poor old  man1 bl9d & bald1 0 sitt+ 9 an
 arm-*air beh9d !  /ove1 8 head b[$ ^u 8
 brea/1 & 8 sightless eyes  op51 & />+ z
 if he saw 8 ?ree sons /ret*$ at 8      
feet4 ,he did n speak1 b great drops (  
sweat roll$ d[n 8  =ehead on 8 long1 ?9 
*eeks1 :ile 8 face 0 pale z  t ( a      
corpse4 ,f\r or five ( 8 old comrades ( 
! times  ( ! republic--,fa!r ,dem>ets1  
,fa!r ,nivoi1 old ,p>adis1 &  tall old  
,froiss>d--_h come to console him4 ,!y  
sat ar\nd him  9 sil5ce1 smok+ _! pipes1
 & look+ z if !y  !mselves ne$$ com=t4  
,f "t to "t "o or ! o!r w\ld say3       
,come1 come1 ,fral6 are we no long]     
vet]ans ( ! army ( !  ,sambre & ,meuse8 
,or1    ,c\rage1 ,/&>d-,be>]6 c\rage6   

,did we n c>ry ! batt]y  at ,fleuries8  
,b he did n reply2 e m9ute he sigh$1 & !
 old fri5ds  made signs to ea* o!r1 %ak+
 _! heads1 z if to say3    ,?is looks   
bad4    ,i ha/5$ to regulate ! clock &  
dep>t1 = to see ! poor  old man 9 su* a 
plight made my he>t ble$4    ,:5 ,i     
arriv$ at home1 ,i f\nd ,monsieur ,g\ld5
 at 8  "w-b5*4    ,y are return$1       
,joseph1 said he4 ,well8    ,well1      
,monsieur ,g\ld51 y _h reason to /ay    
away2 x is  t]rible4    ,& ,i told him  
all 9 detail4    ,he arose4 ,i set !    
table1 &1 :il/ we 7 d9+ 9 sil5ce1  !    
bells ( ! /eeples began to r+4    ,"s "o
 is dead 9 ! city1 said ,monsieur       
,g\ld54    ,inde$8 ,i did n he> ( x4    
,t5 m9utes aft]1 ! ,rabbi ,rose came 9  
to h a glass put 9  8 wat*4    ,:o is   
dead8 ask$ ,monsieur ,g\ld54    ,poor   
old ,/&>d-,be>]4    ,:at6 ,fa!r ,fral8  
,yes1 ne> an h\r ago4 ,fa!r ,dem>ets &  
sev]al o!rs tri$  to com=t him2 at la/1 
he ask$ !m to read to him ! la/  lett] (
 8 son ,george1 ! comm&ant ( dragoons1 9

 :i* he  says t next spr+ he hop$ to    
embrace 8 fa!r ) a  colonel's           
epaulettes4 ,z ! old man he>d ?is1 he   
tri$ to  rise1 b fell back ) 8 head ^u 8
 knees4 ,t lett] _h  brok5 8 he>t4      
,monsieur ,g\ld5 made no rem>k on !     
news4    ,"h is y\r wat*1 ,monsieur     
,rose1 said he1 h&+ x back to  ! rabbi2 
x is twelve s\s4    #cbf    ,monsieur   
,rose dep>t$1 & we f9i%$ our d9n] 9     
sil5ce4                         ,v4     
,on ! eigh? ( ,janu>y1 a huge plac>d 0  
po/$ on !  t[n-hall1 /at+ t ! emp]or    
w\ld levy1 aft] a  s5atus-consultus1 z  
!y said 9 ^? days1 9 !  fir/ place1 "o  
hundr$ & fifty ?\s& conscripts ( #ahac2 
!n "o hundr$ cohortes ( ! fir/ call (   
#ahab1 :o  ?\ght !y _h already escap$2  
!n "o hundr$ ?\s&  conscripts ( f #ahji 
to #ahab1 & s on to ! end2 s t  e       
loophole 0 clos$1 & we w\ld h a l>g]    
army ?an  be=e ! ,russian exp$ition4    
,:5 ,fa!r ,f\ze1 ! glazi]1 came to u )  
?is news1 "o  morn+1 ,i almo/ fell ?r\gh
 fa9tness1 = ,i ?\ght3    ,n[ !y w take 

all1 ev5 fa!rs ( families4 ,i am lo/6   
,monsieur ,g\ld5 p\r$ "s wat] on my     
neck2 my arms hung  useless by my side2 
,i 0 pale z a corpse4    ,b ,i 0 n !    
only "o ^u :om ! plac>d _h su* an       
effect3 t ye> _m "y m5 refus$ to g2 "s  
broke _!  tee? (f1 s z n to be able to  
te> ! c>tridge2 o!rs  blew (f _! ?umbs )
 pi/ols1 s z n to be able to hold  a    
musket2 o!rs1 aga91 fl$ to ! woods2 !y  
proclaim$ !m  refractories1 b !y _h n   
g5s d'armes en\gh to  capture !m4    ,! 
mo!rs ( families took c\rage to revolt  
aft] a mann]1  & to enc\rage _! sons n  
to obey ! g5s d'armes4  ,!y aid$ !m 9 e 
way2 !y cri$ out aga9/ ! emp]or1  & !   
cl]gy ( all d5om9ations su/a9$ !m 9 s   
do+4  ,! cup 0 at la/ full6    ,! v day 
( ! proclamation ,i w5t to              
,quatre-,v5ts2 b x  0 n n[ 9 ! joy ( my 
he>t2 x 0 z ! mo/ mis]able  ( unhappy   
wret*es1 ab\t to be b]eft ( love & life4
 ,i c\ld  sc>cely walk1 & :5 ,i rea*$   
!re ,i did n "k h[ to  ann\nce ! evil   
tid+s2 b ,i saw at a glance t !y knew   

all1 = ,ca?>9e 0 weep+ bitt]ly1 & ,aunt 
,grdel 0 pale  ) indignation4    ,y %all
 n g1 %e cri$4 ,:at h we to d ) w>s8 ,! 
prie/ himself told u x 0 at la/ too mu*1
 & t we ought  to h peace6 ,y %all n g6 
,d n cry1 ,ca?>9e2 ,i say he  %all n g6 
,?is c>nage1 %e cont9u$1 has la/$ long  
en\gh4 ,our two  poor c\s9s1 ,kasp] &   
,yokel1 are already go+ to lose _!      
lives 9 ,spa9 = ?is emp]or1 & n[ he     
comes to ask u =  ! y\ng] ones4 ,he is n
 satisfi$ to h sla9 ?ree hundr$  ?\s& 9 
,russia4 ,in/ead ( ?9k+ ( peace1 l a man
 (  s5se1 he ?9ks only ( massacr+ ! few 
:o rema94 ,we w  see6 ,we w see6    ,9 !
 "n ( ,heav56 ,aunt ,grdel1 be quiet2   
speak l[]1 said  ,i1 look+ at ! w9d[4   
,if !y he> y1 we are lo/4    ,i speak = 
!m to he> me1 %e repli$4 ,y\r ,napoleon 
does  n fright5 me4 ,he comm5c$ by clos+
 our m\?s1 s t he  might d z he pleas$2 
b ! end approa*es4 ,f\r "y wom5  are    
los+ _! husb&s 9 our village alone1 & t5
 poor  "y m5 are =c$ to ab&on ev]y?+1   
despite fa!r1  "m1 religion1 ju/ice1    

,god6 ,is n ?is horrible8    ,!n ,aunt  
,grdel became sil5t4 ,in/ead ( giv+ u an
 ord9>y  d9n]1 %e gave u a bett] "o ?an 
on ,ca?>9e's fte  day1 & said1 ) ! air (
 "o :o has tak5 a resolution3    ,eat1  
my *ildr51 & fe> n2 !re w soon be a     
*ange6    #cbg    ,i return$ ab\t f\r 9 
! ev5+ to ,phalsb\rg1 some:at m  calm   
?an :5 ,i set out4 ,b z ,i w5t up ! ,rue
 de la  ,munitionnaire1 ,i he>d at !    
corn] ( ! college ! drum (  !           
s]g5t-de-ville1 ,h>mauti]1 & ,i saw a   
?rong  ga!r$ ar\nd him4 ,i ran to he>   
:at 0 go+ on1 & ,i  arriv$ j z he began 
read+ a proclamation4    ,h>mauti] read 
t1 by ! s5atus-consultus ( ! #c;d1  !   
draw+ = ! conscription w\ld take place  
on ! #ae?4    ,x 0 already ! #h?1 & only
 sev5 days rema9$4 ,?is upset  me       
completely4    ,! cr[d disp]s$ 9 !      
deepe/ sil5ce4 ,i w5t home sad  en\gh1 &
 said to ,monsieur ,g\ld53    ,! draw+  
takes place next ,?ursday4    ,ah6 he   
exclaim$1 !y are los+ no "t2 ?+s are    
press+4    ,x is easy to imag9e my grief

 t day & ! days foll[+4 ,i  c\ld sc>cely
 /&2 ,i con/antly saw myself on ! po9t (
  leav+ home4 ,i saw myself fly+ to !   
woods1 ! g5s  d'armes at my heels1 cry+1
 ,halt6 halt6 ,!n ,i ?\ght (  ! mis]y ( 
,ca?>9e1 ( ,aunt ,grdel1 ( ,monsieur    
,g\ld54  ,!n ,i imag9$ myself m>*+ 9 !  
ranks ) a numb] (  o!r wret*es1 to :om  
!y 7 cry+ out1 ,=w>d6 *>ge  bayonets6   
:ile :ole files 7 be+ swept away4 ,i    
he>d  bullets :i/le & %ells %riek2 9 a  
^w1 ,i 0 9 a pitiable  /ate4    ,be     
calm1 ,joseph1 said ,monsieur ,g\ld52 d 
n torm5t  y\rself ?us4 ,i ?9k t ( all :o
 may be drawn !re are  probably n t5 :o 
c give z good reasons z y = /ay+  at    
home4 ,! surgeon mu/ be bl9d to receive 
y4 ,besides1 ,i  w see ,monsieur !      
,comm&ant4 ,calm y\rself4    ,b ^! k9d  
words c\ld n reassure me4    ,?us ,i    
pass$ an entire week almo/ 9 a trance1 &
 :5 ! day  ( ! draw+ arriv$1 ,?ursday   
morn+1 ,i 0 s pale1 s  sick-look+1 t !  
p>5ts ( conscripts envi$1 s to speak1   
my appe>ance = _! sons4 ,t fell[1 !y    

said1 has a  *ance2 he w\ld drop ! fir/ 
mile4 ,"s p are born "u  a lucky />6    
,to ,be ,cont9u$4    --------    #cbh   
,p] ,liquidum ,a,ethera ,vates4         
,oh6 to *ant ! gr&] /ory1      ,& to    
muse ! melt+ tale6    ,oh6 to r\se ! s\l
 ( glory1      ,& to *>m ! happy vale6  
,i %\ld love to make ! nations      ,b[ 
be=e my l(ty song1    ,:ile my fancy's  
fair creations      ,endless pleasures  
%\ld prolong4      ,i %\ld love to h my 
pages      ,eag] s\ght by wise & old1   
,:ile ?r\gh\t ! c\ntless ages      ,fair
 & "y my numb]s told4                   
,,ii4      ,ev] ?us gay ,hope w w&]     
,up ! %9+ m\nt ( fame2    ,ere y foll[1 
pause & pond]1      ,:ile %e waves h]   
lur+ flame4      ,s\ls are ble/ t dwell 
m l[ly1      ,brav+ n ! gaze ( e>?1     
,:]e !y lead a life all holy1      ,& ! 
g5tl] joys h bir?4      ,y may guide y\r
 k9dr$ k9dly      ,?r\gh ! rosy ways (  
life1    ,:ile ! _w %all trample bl9dly 
,d[n ! ?orny pa?s ( /rife4      ,y may  
seek ! 'fea/ ( reason1'      ,& enjoy ! 

'fl[ ( s\l1'    ,de>e/ fri5ds 9 e       
season1      ,peaceful age ! bless$     
goal4      ,nature spreads h] ri*       
attractions      ,on ! e>?1 & sea1 &    
sky2    ,art1 religion1 man's great     
actions      ,food = m9d & s\l supply4  
,god 9 heav5 give? vision      ,( !     
bett] l& beyond3    ,good on e>?1 & joys
 elysian1      ,^! %all sate ?y ye>n+s  
fond4      #cbi                  ,,iii4 
,b to wake ! hills & valleys      ,) !  
poet's s\nd+ lyre6    ,glory yet my _s  
rallies1      ,i w\ld brea! ! sacr$     
fire4      ,nature1 art1 & holy         
fri5d%ip1      ,books & m5 %all give me 
aid2    ,ev5 ,heav5 w grant me k9%ip1   
,i w\ld tell :at ,god ha? made4      ,i 
w dwell ap>t ) h]oes1      ,i w mate )  
sa9tly m52    ,god & nature ev] ne> u1  
,i %all be m bless$ !n4      ,humbl$1   
*a/e1 my s\l %all li/5      ,to ! *im+ (
 ! sph]es1    ,:]e1 on high1 ,8 glories 
gli/51      ,z ,8 ?rone ! _s ne>s4      
,,iv4      ,yes1 ye b&s ( bright        
immortals1      ,free ?r\gh\t all e>? & 

"t1    ,i w\ld ope ! gr& old portals    
,lead+ to y\r realms sublime2      ,suns
 & />ry worlds b5ea? y1      ,lords (   
wisdom1 light1 & air1    ,i w\ld sip r>e
 nect> ) y1      ,i w\ld ta/e ambrosia  
!re2      ,!re to feel exultant p[]s    
,lift me up ! e!real tide1    ,o'er y\r 
bright & airy t[]s1      ,:]e ! bolde/  
plume is tri$4                    ,v4   
,holie/ help]s1 l5d assi/ance1      ,t  
,i fail n 9 ! flight6    ,pride1 away6 9
 t gr& di/ance      ,?\ art black z     
%ades ( night4      ,fai?ful1 pure1 &   
s+le-he>t$1      ,i may so> on tireless 
w+1    ,till ! folds ( light are p>t$   
,:]e ! heav5ly muses s+4                
,:itmore4    --------    #ccj           
,fai? & ! ,sci5ces4      ,9 ! la/ half (
 ! sev5te5? c5tury & ! fir/ half (  !   
eighte5?1 ! s-call$ free-?9k]s def5d$ _!
  rejection ( ! ,*ri/ian my/]ies on !   
alleg$ gr\nd t  ! ma!maticians _h       
explod$ !m4 ,?us ,dr4 ,g>?1 9 8 la/     
illness1 resi/$ ! ef=ts ( ,addison to   
p]suade him to die  z a ,*ri/ian1 by    

say+1 ,surely1 ,mr4 ,addison1 ,i h good 
reason n to believe ^? trifles1 s9ce my 
fri5d1 ,dr4 ,halley1  :o has dealt mu* 9
 demon/ration1 has assur$ me t !        
doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity are              
incompreh5sible1 & ! religion  itself an
 impo/ure4    ,9 ?is assurance ( ,dr4   
,halley1 we see a trace ( ,c>tesianism  
:i* places c]ta9ty 9 cle>ness ( ideas1 &
 assumes t  :at is incompreh5sible1 or  
:at _c be cle>ly appreh5d$  by ! m9d1 is
 false2 z if ! human m9d 7 ! measure (  
! true1 & z if !re 7 n tru?s too l>ge = 
x to  compreh5d6 ,b s9ce ,b]keley1 !    
,prote/ant ,bi%op ( ,cloyne1  expos$ 9 8
 ,analy/1 & ,lett]s 9 its def5ce1 !     
confus$ & false reason+ ( ma!maticians1 
especially 9  fluxions or ! diff]5tial  
calculus1 9 :i*1 ?\gh _!  conclusions   
are true1 !y are n obta9$ f _! premises1
  ! free-?9k]s h ab&on$ ! au?ority (    
ma!maticians1  & n[ seek to ju/ify _!   
infidelity by t ( ! s-call$  physici/s4 
,!y appeal n[ to ! natural sci5ces1     
*iefly to  geology1 zoology1 &          

philology1 & tell u t ! progress  made 9
 ^! sci5ces has de/roy$ ! au?ority ( !  
,holy  ,scriptures & explod$ ! ,*ri/ian 
dogmas4 ,geology1 we are  told1 has     
disprov$ ! *ronology ( ! ,bible1 zoology
 has  disprov$ ! dogma ( creation1 &    
e?nology & philology h  disprov$ ! unity
 ( ! species2 consequ5tly ! dogma (     
orig9al s91 & all ! dogmas t presuppose 
x4 ,h5ce our  sci5tific *iefs1 :om ! age
 delights to honor1 look d[n on  u1     
poor1 b5ight$ ,*ri/ian believ]s1 ) deep 
pity or  supreme contempt1 & despat* our
 fai? by pron\nc+ ! ^w  cr$ulity or     
sup]/ition ) an air t anticipates or    
admits no contradiction4 ,x is true1 "h 
& !re a man1 n  )\t sci5tific di/9ction1
 utt]s a feeble prote/1 &  timidly      
attempts to %[ t !re is no discrepancy  
betwe5 !  ,*ri/ian fai? & ! facts really
 discov]$ & classifi$ by  ! sci5ces2 b  
!re is no d5y+ t ! pr$om9ant  t5d5cy ( !
 mod]n sci5tific _w is decid$ly         
un*ri/ian1  ev5 :5 n decid$ly           
anti-*ri/ian4    ,! mo/ le>n$ m5 &      

pr(\nde/ ?9k]s ( our age1 z (  e age1   
are1 no d\bt1 believ]s1 s9c]e & e>ne/   
,*ri/ians2 b !y are n ! m5 :o repres5t !
 age1 &  give tone to its lit]ature &   
sci5ce4 ,!y are n !  popul> m5 ( _!     
times1 & _! voice is dr[n$ 9  ! d9 ( !  
multitude4 ,!re is no?+ novel or        
s5sational 9 :at !y h to tell u1 & !re  
is no  evid5ce ( orig9ality or          
indep5d5ce ( ?\ght or "*  9 foll[+ !m4  
,9 foll[+ !m we h no opportunity (      
sep>at+ ourselves f ! pa/1 break+ )     
tradition1 &  boldly defy+ bo? heav5 &  
e>?4  #cca  ,!re is no *ance = w> aga9/ 
au?ority1 ( creat+ a  revolution1 or    
enjoy+ ! excitem5t ( a battle2 s !      
multitude ( little m5 g n ) !m4 ,& !y :o
 w\ld deem  x gross intellectual        
weakness to rely on ! au?ority ( ,/4    
,paul1 or ev5 ( our ,"l himself1 h      
foll[$ bl9dly & )  full confid5ce an    
,agassiz1 a ,huxley1 a ,lyell1 or any   
o!r  second or ?ird-rate physici/1 :o is
 und]/ood to def5d  !ories t und]m9e !  
au?ority ( ! *ur* & !  ,bible4    ,we   

are n1 we frankly confess1 le>n$ 9 !    
sci5ces4 ,!y  h *ang$ s rapidly & s     
ess5tially s9ce our y\ng]  days1 :5 we  
did take "s pa9s to ma/] !m1 t we d n   
"k :at !y are to-day any m ?an we d :at 
!y w be  to-morr[4 ,we h n1 9 our       
sl[ness1 be5 able to keep pace  ) !m1 & 
we only "k en\gh ( !m n[ to "k t !y  are
 cont9ually *ang+ "u ! v eye ( !        
spectator4  ,b1 if we d n "k all !      
a*ievem5ts ( ! sci5ces1 we  claim to "k 
some?+ ( ! sci5ce ( sci5ces1 ! sci5ce   
:i* gives ! law to !m1 & to :i* !y mu/  
con=m or  cease to pret5d to h any      
sci5tific "*4 ,if we "k n  :at !y h     
done1 we "k some?+ :i* !y h n done4     
,we said1 9 our article on ! ,c>tesian  
,d\bt1 t !  ideal =mula does n give u ! 
sci5ces2 b we add n[1 :at  x did n      
comport ) our purpose to add !n1 t1 ?\gh
 x  does n give !m1 x gives !m _! law & 
controls !m4 ,we  d n d$uce our physics 
f our metaphysics2 b our  metaphysics or
 philosophy gives ! law to ! inductive  
or  empirical sci5ces1 & prescribes !   

b\nds beyond :i* !y  _c pass )\t ceas+  
to be sci5ces4 ,kn[+ ! ideal  =mula1 we 
d n "k all ! sci5ces1 b we d "k :at is  
n & _c be sci5ce4    ,! ideal =mula1 be+
 creates exi/5ces1 :i* is only !  fir/  
article ( ! cre$1 is indisputable1      
c]ta91 & !  pr9ciple alike ( all ! real 
& all ! kn[able1 ( all  exi/5ce & ( all 
sci5ce4 ,?is =mula expresses !          
primitive intuition1 & x is giv5 u by   
,god himself 9  creat+ u intellig5t     
creatures1 because )\t x our m9ds  _c   
exi/1 &1 if x _h n be5 giv5 u 9 ! v     
con/itution ( ! m9d1 we nev] c\ld h     
obta9$ x4 ,x is  ! ess5tial basis ( !   
m9d1 ! necess>y condition ( all  ?\ght1 
& we _c ev5 9 ?\ght d5y x1 or ?9k at all
  )\t affirm+ x ,?is we h h]et(ore amply
 %[n2 & we  may add "h t no "o ev] ?9ks 
)\t ?9k+ some?+  ! contr>y ( :i* _c be  
?\ght1 z ,/4 ,anselm ass]ts4    ,z      
,b]keley says to ! ma!maticians1 ,logic 
is logic1 & !  same to :atev] subject x 
is appli$4 ,:51 !re=e1 !  cultivators ( 
! inductive sci5ces allege a !ory or    

hypo!sis :i* contradicts 9 any respect !
 ideal =mula1  h[ev] firmly p]suad$ !y  
may be t x is w>rant$ by !  facts obs]v$
 & analyz$1 we tell !m at once1 )\t any 
exam9ation ( _! pro(s or reason+s1 t _! 
hypo!sis  is unf\nd$1 & _! !ory false1  
because x contradicts !  fir/ pr9ciple  
alike ( ! real & ! kn[able1 & !re=e  _c 
possibly be true4 ,we d5y no facts well 
asc]ta9$ to be  facts1 b no induction f 
any facts c be ( z high  au?ority z !   
ideal =mula1 = )\t x no induction is    
possible4 ,h5ce we h no ne$ to exam9e   
details any m ?an  we h to ent] into    
pro(s ( ! innoc5ce or guilt ( a man  :o 
confesses t he has op5ly1 kn[+ly1 &     
int5tionally  violat$ ! law4  #ccb  ,!  
case is "o 9 :i* judgm5t  priori may be 
safely  pron\nc$4 ,no induction t d5ies 
all sci5ce & !  conditions ( sci5ce c be
 sci5tific4    ,! ideal =mula does n put
 any "o 9 possession ( !  sci5ces1 b x  
enables u to control !m4 ,we c ent]ta9  
no  doctr9e1 ev5 = exam9ation1 t d5ies  
any "o ( ! ?ree  t]ms ( ! =mula4 ,if    

exi/5ces are d5i$1 !re are no  facts or 
mat]ials ( sci5ce2 if ! creative act is 
d5i$1  !re are no facts or exi/5ces2 &  
f9ally1 if ,god is d5i$1  ! creative act
 itself is d5i$4 ,god & creature are all
 t  is or exi/s1 & creatures c exi/ only
 by ! creative act (  ,god4 ,d y come & 
tell me t y are no creature8 ,:at are   
y1 !n8 ,betwe5 ,god & creature !re is no
 middle t]m4 ,if1  !n1 y are n creature1
 y mu/ be ,god or no?+4 ,well1 are  y   
,god8 ,god1 if ,god at all1 is          
indep5d5t1 necess>y1  self-exi/5t1      
immutable1 & et]nal be+4 ,are y t1 y  :o
 dep5d on o!r ?an y\rself = e brea? y   
draw1 =  e motion y make1 = e morsel (  
food y eat1 :om !  cold *ills1 ! fire   
burns1 ! wat] dr5*es8 ,no8 d y say  y   
are n ,god8 ,:at are y1 !n1 ,i ask once 
m8 ,if y are  nei!r ,god nor creature1  
!n y are no?+4 ,b no?+ y  are n1 = y    
live1 ?9k1 speak1 & act1 & ev5 reason1  
?\gh n always wisely or well4 ,if some?+
 & n ,god1 !n  y are creature1 & are a  
liv+ ass]tion ( ! ideal  =mula4 ,d y d5y

 x1 & say !re is no ,god8 ,!n /ill      
aga91 :at are y :o make ! d5ial8 ,if !re
 is no ,god1  !re is no real1 necess>y1 
& et]nal be+--no be+ at all2  if no be+1
 !n no exi/5ce1 = all exi/5ce is f be+1 
& if no exi/5ce1 !n :at are y :o d5y    
,god8  ,no?+8 ,!n y\r d5ial is no?+1 &  
wor? no?+4    ,x is impossible to d5y   
any "o ( ! ?ree t]ms ( !  =mula1 = e    
man1 ?\gh he may believe himself an a!i/
  or a pan!i/1 is a liv+ ass]tion ( ea* 
"o ( !m1 & 9  its real relation to ! o!r
 two4 ,we h ! "r1 !n1 to  ass]t ! =mula 
z ! fir/ pr9ciple 9 sci5ce1 & oppose  x 
z conclusive aga9/ any & e !ory t d5ies 
creation1 & ass]ts ei!r a!ism or        
pan!ism4 ,d n ?9k  to div]t att5tion f !
 intr9sic fallacy ( su* a !ory  by      
babbl+ ab\t natural laws4 ,nature1 no   
d\bt1 has h] laws1  accord+ to :i*1 or1 
if y please1 by virtue ( :i*1 all       
natural ph5om5a or natural effects are  
produc$1 & x is !  k ( ^! laws t        
con/itutes natural sci5ce or !  sci5ces4
 ,b ^! laws1 :5ce come !y8 ,are !y      

sup]ior to  nature1 or inf]ior8 ,if     
inf]ior1 h[ c !y gov]n h]  op]ations8   
,if sup]ior1 !n !y mu/ h _! orig9 9 !   
sup]natural1 & a reality above nature   
mu/ be admitt$4  ,nature1 !n1 is n !    
highe/1 is n ultimate1 is n h]self  be+1
 or has n h] be+ 9 h]self2 is1 !re=e1   
cont+5t  exi/5ce1 & consequ5tly         
creature1 exi/+ only by virtue (  !     
creative act ( real & necess>y be+1 :i* 
br+s u  directly back to ! ideal =mula4 
,god d5i$1 nature & !  laws ( nature are
 d5i$4    ,! pres5t t5d5cy among        
naturali/s is to d5y creation & to      
ass]t developm5t--to say ) ,topsy1 9    
,uncle ,tom's  ,cab91 only g5]aliz+ h]  
doctr9e1 ,?+s didn't come2  !y gr[$4    
,?+s are n creat$2 !y are develop$  by  
virtue ( natural laws4 ,develop$ f :at8 
,f no?+8  ,ex nihilo nihil fit4  #ccc   
,f no?+ no?+ c be develop$4 ,a univ]se  
self-develop$  f no?+ is some:at m      
difficult to compreh5d ?an !  creation (
 ! univ]se f no?+ ?r\gh ! ^w ( 8  p[] by
 ,"o able to create & su/a9 x4 ,y c     

develop a  g]m1 b y _c develop :]e !re  
is no?+ to be  develop$4 ,!n ! univ]se  
is n develop$ f no?+3 !n  f some?+4 ,:at
 is t some?+8 ,:atev] y assume x to  be1
 x _c be some?+ creat$1 = y d5y all     
creation4  ,!n x is et]nal1 self-exi/5t 
be+1 be+ 9 itself1  !re=e be+ 9 its     
pl5itude1 indep5d5t1 immutable1         
complete1 p]fect 9 itself1 & !re=e      
incapable (  developm5t4 ,developm5t is 
possible only 9 t :i* is  imp]fect1     
incomplete1 = x is simply ! r$uction (  
:at 9  ! ?+ develop$ is pot5tial to act4
    ,!re is great lack ( s\nd philosophy
 ) our mod]n  !ori/s4 ,!y seem n to be  
aw>e t ! real mu/ prec$e  ! possible1 & 
t ! possible is only ! ability ( !      
real4 ,!y assume ! contr>y1 & place     
possible be+ be=e  real be+4 ,ev5       
,leibnitz says t ,/4 ,anselm's argum5t  
to  prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 drawn f !   
idea ( ! mo/  p]fect be+1 ! contr>y (   
:i* _c be ?\ght1 is  conclusive only on 
condition t mo/ p]fect be+ is fir/      
prov$ to be possible4 ,hegel makes !    

/>t+-po9t ( all  reality & all sci5ce to
 be nak$ be+ 9 ! s5se 9 :i*  x & n-be+  
are id5tical2 t is1 n real1 b possible  
be+1 ! abyssus ( ! ,gno/ics1 & ! void ( 
! ,buddhi/s1 :i* ,pi]re ,l]\x labors    
h>d1 9 8  ,l',humanit & 9 ! article ,le 
,ciel 9 8  ,encyclopdie ,n\velle1 to    
prove is n no?+1 ?\gh  conc$+ x to be n 
some?+1 z if !re c\ld be any m$ium      
betwe5 some?+ & no?+4 ,9 itself1 or z   
ab/ract$ f  ! real1 ! possible is %e]   
nullity2 no?+ at all4 ,!  possibility ( 
! univ]se is ! ability ( ,god to create 
x4  ,if ,god 7 n himself real1 no       
univ]se w\ld be possible4 ,!            
possibility ( a creature may be und]/ood
 ei!r 9 relation to  its creability on !
 "p ( ,god1 or 9 relation to its own    
p]fectibility4 ,9 relation to ,god e    
creature is complete !  mom5t ! ,div9e  
,m9d has decre$ its creation1 &1 !re=e1 
incapable ( developm5t2 b1 9 relation to
 itself1 x has  unrealiz$ possibilities 
:i* c be only progressively  fulfill$4  
,creatures1 9 ?is latt] s5se1 c be      

develop$  because !re are 9 !m unrealiz$
 possibilities or capacities  = becom+1 
by aid ( ! real1 m ?an !y actually are1 
t is1 because !y are creat$1 9 relation 
to !mselves1 n  p]fect1 b p]fectible4   
,h5ce1 creatures1 n ! ,creator1 are     
progressive1 or capable1 ea* aft] its   
k9d1 ( be+  progressively develop$ &    
complet$ accord+ to ! orig9al  design ( 
! ,creator4    ,ari/otle1 :om x is !    
fa%ion j n[ to sne] at1 avoid$  ! error 
( our mod]n sophi/s2 he did n place !   
possible  be=e ! real1 = he knew t )\t !
 real !re is no  possible4 ,! pr9cipium1
 or beg9n+1 mu/ be real  be+1 &1 !re=e1 
he ass]t$ ,god1 n z possible1 b  real1  
mo/ real1 & call$ him actus purissimus1 
mo/  pure act1 :i* excludes all         
unactualiz$ pot5tialities or  unrealiz$ 
possibilities1 & implies t he is mo/    
pure1 t  is1 mo/ p]fect be+1 be+ 9 its  
pl5itude4 ,god be+  et]nally be+ 9      
himself1 be+ 9 its pl5itude1 z he mu/ be
  if self-exi/5t1 & self-exi/5t he mu/  
be if n creat$1 he  is incapable (      

developm5t1 because 9 him !re are no    
possibilities n r$uc$ to act4  #ccd  ,! 
developm5ti/s mu/1 !n1 ei!r admit ! fact
 (  creation1 or d5y ! developm5t !y    
ass]t & attempt to  ma9ta92 =1 if !re is
 no creation1 no?+ di/+ui%able  f !     
uncreat$1 no?+ exi/s to be develop$1 & !
  uncreat$1 be+ ei!r no?+1 & !re=e      
incapable (  developm5t1 or self-exi/5t1
 et]nal1 & immutable be+1  be+ 9 its    
pl5itude1 & !re=e f ! v fulness &       
p]fection ( its be+ also incapable (    
developm5t4 ,if !  developm5ti/s _h a   
little philosophy or a little logic1 !y 
w\ld see t1 s f> f be+ able to sub/itute
 developm5t  = creation1 !y mu/ ass]t   
creation 9 ord] to be able to  ass]t ev5
 ! possibility ( developm5t4 ,is x on ! 
au?ority ( su* scioli/s1 sophi/s1 & sad 
blund]]s z  ^! developm5ti/s t we are   
expect$ to reject ! ,holy  ,scriptures1 
& to ab&on our fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity8 ,we h
 a  pr(\nd rev]5ce = ! sci5ces1 & = all 
really  sci5tific m52 b really x is too 
mu* to expect u to li/51  ) ! slighte/  

respect1 to su* absurdities z mo/ ( our 
savans are 9 ! habit ( v5t+1 :5 !y leave
 _!  own prop] sph]e & attempt to ent] !
 doma9 ( philosophy  or !ology4 ,9 !    
inve/igation ( ! laws ( nature & !      
obs]vation & accumulation ( facts !y are
 respectable1 &  (t5 r5d] valuable      
s]vice to mank9d2 b1 :5 !y  und]take to 
det]m9e by _! inductions f facts ( a    
second>y ord] :at is true or false 9    
philosophy or !ology1  !y mi/ake _!     
vocation & _! aptitudes1 &1 if !y d  n  
r5d] !mselves ridicul\s1 x is because _!
  speculations are too gravely injuri\s 
to p]mit u to feel  t[>d !m any?+ b     
grief or indignation4    ,none ( !      
sci5ces are apodictic2 !y are all z     
special  sci5ces empirical1 & are simply
 =m$ by inductions f  facts obs]v$ &    
classifi$4 ,to _! absolute c]ta9ty two  
?+s are necess>y3 ,fir/1 t ! obs]vation 
( ! facts (  ! natural _w %\ld be       
complete1 leav+ no class or ord]  (     
facts unobs]v$ & unanalyz$2 &1 second1 t
 !  inductions f !m %\ld be infallible1 

exclud+ all error1  & all possibility ( 
error4 ,b we say only :at e "o  kn[s1 :5
 we say t nei!r ( ^! conditions is      
possible  to any mortal man4 ,ev5       
,newton1 x is said1 comp>$ himself to a 
*ild pick+ up %ells on ! bea*2 & aft]   
all !  explorations t h be5 made x is b 
a small "p ( nature  t is kn[n4 ,!      
inductive me?od1 ignorantly suppos$ to  
be an  inv5tion ( my ,"l ,bacon1 b :i*  
is z old z ! human m9d  itself1 & 0     
always adopt$ by philosoph]s 9 _!       
inve/igations ( nature1 is ! prop] me?od
 9 ! sci5ces1  & all we ne$ to advance  
!m is to foll[ x hone/ly &  /rictly4 ,b1
 e day1 facts n be=e analyz$ or obs]v$  
come "u ! obs]vation ( ! inve/igator1 & 
=ce new  inductions1 :i* necess>ily     
modify m or less ^?  previ\sly made4    
,h5ce x is t ! natural sci5ces are      
cont9ually und]go+ m or less important  
*anges4 ,c]ta9  pr9ciples1 inde$1 rema9 
! same2 b set aside1 if we mu/  set     
aside1 ma!matics & me*anics1 !re is n a 
s+le "o  ( ! sci5ces t is n[ :at x 0 9 !

 y\? ( m5 n  yet old4 ,"s ( !m are almo/
 ! creations ( ye/]day4  #cce  ,take    
*emi/ry1 electricity1 magnetism1        
geology1 zoology1  biology1 physiology1 
philology1 e?nology1 to m5tion no m2  !y
 are no long] :at !y 7 9 our own y\?1 & 
!  treatises 9 :i* we /udi$ !m are n[   
obsolete4    ,x is n likely t ^! sci5ces
 h ev5 z yet rea*$  p]fection1 t no new 
facts w be discov]$1 & no fur!r  *anges 
& modifications be call$ =4 ,we by no   
means compla9  ( ?is1 & are f> f ask+ t 
inve/igation 9 any field  %\ld be       
arre/$1 & ^! sci5ces rema9 un*ang$1 z !y
  n[ are4 ,no3 let ! inve/igations g on1
 let all be discov]$  t is discov]able1 
& ! sci5ces be r5d]$ z complete z       
possible4 ,b1 !n1 is x n a little       
presumptu\s1 illogical  ev51 to set up  
any "o ( ^! incomplete1 in*oate sci5ces 
aga9/ ! primitive intuitions ( reason or
 ! pr(\nd  my/]ies ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?8   
,y\r inductions to-day militate  aga9/ !
 ideal =mula & ! ,*ri/ian cre$2 b h[ "k 
y t y\r inductions ( to-morr[ w n be    

ess5tially  modifi$ by a full] or clos] 
obs]vation ( facts8 ,y\r  conclusions   
mu/ be c]ta9 be=e we c on _! au?ority   
reject any receiv$ dogma ( fai? or any  
alleg$ dictam5 (  reason4    ,we "k     
priori t inve/igation c disclose no fact
  or facts t c be incompatible ) ! ideal
 =mula4 ,no  possible induction c ov]?r[
 any "o ( its ?ree t]ms4 ,x  is madness 
to pret5d t f ! /udy ( nature "o c      
disprove ! reality ( necess>y & et]nal  
be+1 ! fact (  creation1 or ( cont+5t   
exi/5ces4 ,! mo/ t any "o1 n  mad1 does 
or c pret5d is1 t !y _c be prov$ by way 
(  d$uction or induction f facts ( !    
natural _w4 ,!  a!i/ ,lal&e w5t no fur!r
 ?an to say1 ,i h nev] se5  ,god at !   
end ( my telescope4 ,be x s1 :at !n8    
,because y  h nev] se5 ,god at ! end (  
y\r telescope1 c y  logically conclude t
 !re is no ,god8 ,= ourselves1 we d n   
pret5d t ,god is1 or c be ass]t$ by way 
( d$uction or  induction f ! facts (    
nature1 ?\gh we hold t :at he  is1 ev5 8
 et]nal p[] & div9ity1 may be cle>ly se5

 f  !m2 b ! fact t ,god _c be prov$ 9 "o
 way to be  does n w>rant ! conclusion t
 he _c 9 "s o!r way  be prov$1 f> less t
 !re is no ,god4    ,we d n d$uce !     
dogmas ( fai? f ! ideal =mula1 =  t is 9
 ! doma9 ( sci5ce2 b !y all accord ) x1 
& presuppose x z ! necess>y preamble to 
fai?4 ,we h n  ! same k9d ( c]ta9ty =   
fai? t we h = !  sci5tific =mula2 b we h
 a c]ta9ty equally high &  equally      
infallible4 ,consequ5tly1 ! inductions  
or !ories (  naturali/s are z impot5t   
aga9/ x z aga9/ ! =mula  itself4 ,!     
au?ority ( fai? is sup]ior1 we say n to 
sci5ce1 b to any logical inductions     
drawn f ! facts (  ! natural _w1 or     
!ories fram$ by natural philosoph]s1  & 
^? !n1 h[ev] plausible1 c nev] ov]ride  
x4 ,no  d\bt ! evid5ces ( our fai? are  
drawn 9 "p f hi/ory1  & !re=e f         
inductive sci5ce2 b ev5 z to t "p  !    
c]ta9ty is ( ! same k9d ) t ( any ( !   
sci5ces1 re/s on ! analysis ( facts &   
induction f !m1  & is at ! v l[e/ equal 
to !irs at ! highe/4    #ccf    ,b let u

 desc5d to matt]s ( fact4 ,we w take    
geology1  :i* seems j n[ to be reg>d$ z 
! mo/ =midable weapon  aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian 
religion4 ,well1 :at has geology done8  
,x  has by its rese>*es prov$ an        
antiquity ( ! e>? & ( man  on ! e>? :i* 
is f> great] ?an is admissible by !     
*ronology ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,x has 
?us disprov$ !  *ronology ( ! ,bible2   
!re=e x has disprov$ ! div9e            
inspiration ( ! ,bible1 & !re=e1 aga91 !
 tru? ( !  ,*ri/ian dogmas1 :i* h no o!r
 au?ority ?an t  inspiration4 ,b h y1   
geologi/s1 really prov$ :at y  pret5d8  
,y h discov]$ c]ta9 facts1 fossils1     
etc41 :i*1  if "s half a doz5 possible  
suppositions are true1 n "o (  :i* y h  
prov$ or 9 ! nature ( ! case c prove1   
r5d] x highly probable t ! e>? is       
some:at m ?an  six ?\s& ye>s old1 & t x 
is m ?an five ?\s&  eight hundr$ &      
sixty-sev5 ye>s s9ce ! creation ( man4  
,z  to ! antiquity ( man1 at lea/1 y h n
 prov$ :at y  pret5d4 ,y\r pro(s1 to be 
wor? any?+1 mu/ de/roy all  possible    

suppositions except ! "o y adopt1 :i* !y
 d n  d1 = we c suppose _m o!r          
explanations ( ! undisput$  facts       
besides ! "o y insi/ on our accept+4    
,moreov]1 !  facts on :i* y rely1 if    
fairly giv5 by ,sir ,*>les ,lyell 9  8  
,antiquity ( ,man1 by no means w>rant 8 
inductions4  ,suppose !re is no mi/ake z
 to facts1 :i* is m ?an we  are will+ to
 conc$e1 especially z to ! /one axes &  
knives1 :i*1 accord+ to ! draw+s giv5 ( 
!m1 are  exactly simil> to hundr$s :i*  
we h se5 :5 a boy  /rew+ ! surface ( !  
gr\nd1 ! logic1 by :i* !  conclusion is 
obta9$ is pu]ile1 & discr$itable to any 
man  :o has _h ! slighte/ intellectual  
tra9+4    ,b suppose y h prov$ !        
antiquity ( ! e>? & ( man  on x to be z 
y pret5d1 :at !n8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 y  h 
n prov$ t ! e>? & man on x 7 n creat$1  
t ,god did n 9 ! beg9n+ create ! heav5s 
& !  e>?1 & all ?+s !re94 ,y leave1 !n1 
intact bo? !  =mula & ! dogma :i*       
presupposes & reass]ts x z a  tru? (    
revelation z well z ( sci5ce4 ,b we h   

disprov$  ! *ronology ( ! ,bible4 ,is x 
! *ronology ( ! ,bible or  *ronology z  
arrang$ by le>n$ m5 t y h disprov$8     
,say ! *ronology z x actually is 9 !    
,bible1 ?\gh all  le>n$ m5 "k t t       
*ronology is exce$+ly difficult if  n   
impossible to make out1 & we = ourselves
 h nev] be5  able to settle x at all to 
our entire satisfaction1 is x  c]ta9 t !
 ,scriptures !mselves ev5 pret5d t !    
date  assign$ to ! creation ( ! _w is   
giv5 by div9e  revelation & is to be    
receiv$ z an article ( fai?8 ,!re is  an
 important diff]5ce betwe5 ! *ronology  
giv5 9 !  ,hebrew ,bible & t giv5 9 !   
,septuag9t us$ by !  apo/les & ,greek   
fa!rs1 & /ill us$ by ! unit$ z well  z  
by ! non-unit$ ,greeks1 & we are n aw>e 
t !re has  ev] be5 an au?oritative      
decision z to :i* or ei!r ( !  two      
*ronologies mu/ be foll[$4 ,! commonly  
receiv$  *ronology c]ta9ly ought n to be
 dep>t$ f )\t /rong  & urg5t reasons2 b1
 if su* reasons are adduc$1 we d n      
und]/& t x _c be dep>t$ f )\t impair+ ! 

au?ority ( ei!r ! ,scriptures or ! *ur*4
 ,we "k no  ,*ri/ian doctr9e or dogma t 
c\ld be affect$ by c>ry+  ! date ( !    
creation ( ! _w a few or ev5 _m         
c5turies fur!r back1 if we recognize !  
fact ( creation  itself4  #ccg  ,our    
fai? does n dep5d on a "q ( ari?metic1 z
 seems  to h be5 assum$ by ! ,anglican  
,bi%op ,col5so4 ,numb]s are  easily     
*ang$ 9 transcription1 & no comm5tator  
has yet be5  able to reconcile all !    
numb]s z we n[ h !m 9 our  ,hebrew      
,bibles1 or ev5 9 ! ,greek translation (
 ! ,sev5ty4    ,suppos+1 !n1 t geologi/s
 & hi/orians ( civilization  h f\nd     
facts1 n to be d5i$1 :i* seem to require
 = !  exi/5ce ( ! globe1 & man on its   
face1 a long] p]iod ?an  is all[$ by !  
commonly receiv$ *ronology1 we d n see  
t ?is w>rants any induction aga9/ any   
po9t ( ,*ri/ian  fai? or doctr9e4 ,we   
c\ld1 we confess1 m easily expla9 "s  ( 
! facts :i* we meet 9 ! /udy ( hi/ory1 !
 political  & social *anges :i* h       
evid5tly tak5 place1 if m "t  7 all[$ u 

betwe5 ,noah & ,moses ?an is admitt$ by 
,u%]'s *ronology2 x w\ld enable u to    
acc\nt = _m ?+s  :i* n[ emb>rass our    
hi/orical sci5ce2 yet :e!r we are  all[$
 m "t or n1 or :e!r we c acc\nt = !     
hi/orical facts or n1 our fai? rema9s ! 
same2 = we h  long s9ce le>n$ t1 9 !    
subjects ) :i* sci5ce  proposes to deal1
 z well z 9 revelation itself1 !re are  
_m  ?+s :i* w be inexplicable ev5 to !  
greate/1 wise/1  & holie/ ( m51 & t !   
greate/ folly :i* any man c  ent]ta9 is 
t ( expect+ to expla9 ev]y?+1 unless    
conclud+ a ?+ mu/ ne$s be false because 
we "k n its  explanation is a /ill      
great] folly4 ,true sci5ce z well z     
true virtue is mode/1 humble inde$1 &   
always m depress$  by :at x sees t x _c 
d ?an elat$ by :at x may h  done4       
,sci5ce1 x is fur!r said1 has explod$ ! 
,*ri/ian doctr9e  ( ! unity & ! ,adamic 
orig9 ( ! species1 & !re=e  ! doctr9es (
 ,orig9al ,s91 ! ,inc>nation1 !         
,r$emption1  inde$ ! :ole ( ,*ri/ianity 
s f> z x is a sup]natural  sy/em1 & n a 

sy/em ( bald & meagre rationalism4 ,"s  
p p]haps believe x4 ,b sci5ce is k1 ei!r
  intuitive or discursive2 & :o d>es say
 t he kn[s  ! dogma ( ! unity ( ! human 
species is false1 or t all  ! k9dr$s &  
nations ( m5 h n sprung f "o  & ! same  
orig9al pair8 ,! mo/ t c be said is t ! 
sci5ces h n z yet prov$ x1 & x mu/ be   
tak51 if at  all1 f1 revelation4        
,take ! unity ( ! species4 ,! naturali/s
 h und\bt$ly  prov$ ! exi/5ce ( races or
 v>ieties ( m51 l !  ,caucasian1 !      
,mongolian1 ! ,malayan1 ! ,am]ican1 & ! 
,african1 m or less di/9ctly m>k$1 &    
sep>at$ f "o  ano!r by great] or less   
di/ances2 b h !y prov$ t  ^! sev]al     
races or v>ieties are di/9ct species1 or
 t  !y c\ld n all h sprung f ! same     
orig9al pair8  ,physiologi/s1 we are    
told1 detect "s /ructural diff]5ces     
betwe5 ! negro & ! :ite man4 ,! black   
diff]s f !  :ite 9 ! great] l5g? ( !    
sp9e1 9 ! %ape ( !  head1 leg1 & foot & 
heel1 9 ! facial angles1 ! size &       
convolutions ( ! bra94 ,be x s2 b d ^!  

diff]5ces  prove div]sity ( species1 or1
 at mo/1 only a di/9ct v>iety  9 ! same 
species8 ,may !y n all be ow+ to        
accid5tal  causes8 ,! type ( ! physical 
/ructure ( ! ,african is  und5iably !   
same ) t ( ! ,caucasian1 & all t c  be  
said is1 t 9 ! negro x is less p]fectly 
realiz$1  con/itut+ a diff]5ce 9 degree1
 inde$1 b n 9 k9d4    #cch    ,b be=e   
settl+ ! "q :e!r ! sev]al races ( m5    
belong to "o & ! same species or n1 & h 
or h n  _h ! same orig91 x is necess>y  
to det]m9e !  *>act]i/ic or diff]5tia ( 
man4 ,naturali/s treat  man z simply an 
animal /&+ at ! head ( ! class or  ord] 
mammalia1 & are !re=e oblig$ to seek 8  
diff]5tia or *>act]i/ic 9 8 physical    
/ructure2  b if x be true1 z "s         
naturali/s tell u1 t ! same  type runs  
?r\gh ! physical /ructure ( all animals1
 unless  insects1 reptiles1 & cru/acea  
=m an exception1 x is  difficult to f9d 
9 man's physical /ructure 8  diff]5tia4 
,! s*oolm5 g5]ally def9e man1 a         
rational animal1 animal rationale1 &    

make ! g5us  animal1 & ! diff]5tia      
reason4 ,! *>act]i/ic (  ! species1 t   
:i* con/itutes x1 is reason or !        
rational  m9d1 & c]ta9ly sci5ce c prove 
no?+ to ! contr>y4  ,"s animals may h a 
degree ( intellig5ce1 b none ( !m  h    
reason1 free w1 moral p]ceptions1 or are
 capable (  act+ f consid]ations ( "r & 
wrong4 ,we assume1 !n1  t ! diff]5tia ( 
! species homo1 or man1  is reason1 or !
 rational s\l4 ,if our naturali/s _h    
und]/ood ?is1 !y might h sp>$ ! pa9s !y 
h tak5  to assimilate man to ! brute1 & 
to prove t he is a monkey  develop$4    
,?is po9t settl$1 ! "q ( unity ( !      
species is  settl$4 ,!re may be         
diff]5ces among individuals & races z   
to ! degree ( reason1 b all h reason 9  
"s degree4  ,reason may be weak] 9 !    
,african ?an 9 ! ,european1 :e!r  ow+ to
 ! lack ( cultivation or to o!r         
accid5tal causes1  b x is ess5tially !  
same 9 ! "o z 9 ! o!r1 &  !re is no     
diff]5ce except 9 degree2 & ev5 z to    
degree1  x is n r>e to f9d negroes t    

are1 9 po9t ( reason1 f>  sup]ior to _m 
:ite m54 ,negroes1 suppos$ to /& l[e/ 9 
! scale1 h ! same moral p]ception & !   
same capacity  ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 "r &   
wrong & ( act+ f free  w1 t :ite m5 h2 &
 if !re is any diff]5ce1 x is  simply a 
diff]5ce ( degree1 n a diff]5ce ( k9d or
  species4    ,b conc$+ ! unity ( !     
species1 sci5ce has1 at lea/1  prov$ t !
 sev]al races or v>ieties 9 ! same      
species  c\ld n h all sprung f "o & !   
same orig9al pair4  ,:]e has sci5ce done
 ?is8 ,x c d x only by way (  induction 
f facts sci5tifically obs]v$ & analyz$4 
,:at  facts has x obs]v$ & analyz$ t    
w>rant ?is conclusion  aga9/ ! ,adamic  
orig9 ( all m58 ,!re are1 z we h j      
said1 no anatomical1 physiological1     
intellectual1 or moral facts  t w>rant  
su* conclusion1 & no o!r facts are      
possible4  ,:]ev] m5 are f\nd1 !y all h 
! ess5tial  *>act]i/ic ( m5 z di/+ui%$ f
 ! m]e animal2 !y  all h sub/antially ! 
same physical /ructure2 all h  ?\ght1   
spee*1 & reason1 &1 ?\gh "s may be      

inf]ior to  o!rs1 no?+ proves t all may 
n h sprung f ! same  ,adam & ,eve4 ,d y 
say e?nology _c trace all ! k9dr$s  &   
nations ( m5 back to a common orig98 ,t 
is no?+ to  ! purpose2 c x say !y _c h  
_h a common orig98 ,b  m5 are f\nd      
ev]y:]e1 & c\ld !y h rea*$ f !  pla9s ( 
,%9> cont95ts sep>at$ f ,asia by a wide 
expanse  ( wat]1 & be5 di/ribut$ ov]    
,am]ica1 ,new ,holl&1 & !  remote/ isl&s
 ( ! ocean1 :5 !y _h no %ips or 7       
ignorant ( navigation8  #cci  ,d y "k t 
!y _h1 9 :at are to u antehi/orical     
times1 no %ips & no k ( navigation1 z we
 "k !y  h _h !m bo? ev] s9ce ! fir/ dawn
 ( hi/ory8 ,no8 ,!n  y allege n y\r     
sci5ce aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian dogma1  b y\r   
ignorance1 :i* we submit is n suffici5t 
to  ov]ride fai?4 ,y mu/ prove t m5 c\ld
 n h be5  di/ribut$ f a common c5tre z  
we n[ f9d !m be=e y  c ass]t t !y c\ld n
 h _h a common orig94 ,besides1  are y  
able to say :at *anges ( l& & wat] h    
tak5  place s9ce m5 fir/ appe>$ on !    
face ( ! e>?8 ,_m  *anges1 geologi/s    

assure u1 h tak5 place1 & m ?an  !y "k  
may h occurr$1 & h left m5 :]e !y are n[
  f\nd1 & :]e !y may h gone )\t cross+  
l>ge bodies  ( wat]4 ,s long z any o!r  
hypo!sis is possible1 y _c  ass]t y\r   
own z c]ta94    ,b ! diff]5ce (         
complexion1 language1 & usage :i* we    
note betwe5 ! sev]al races ( m5 proves t
 !y c\ld n  h sprung f "o & ! same pair4
 ,d y "k !y c\ld  n8 ,"k x8 ,no2 n      
absolutely1 p]haps2 b h[ c y prove  !y  
c\ld & h8 ,t is n ! "q4 ,*ri/ianity is 9
  possession1 & mu/ be held to be       
rightfully 9 possession till  real      
sci5ce %[s ! contr>y4 ,i may n be able  
to expla9 !  orig9 ( ! diff]5ces not$ 9 
accordance ) ! ass]tion  ( ! common     
orig9 ( all m5 9 a s+le primitive pair2 
b  my ignorance c avail y no m ?an y\r  
own4 ,my nesci5ce is  n y\r sci5ce4 ,y\r
 bus9ess is by sci5ce to disprove fai?2 
if y\r sci5ce does n d t1 x does no?+1 &
 y are  sil5c$4 ,we d n pret5d to be    
able to acc\nt = !  diff]5ces ( ! sev]al
 races1 any m ?an we pret5d to be  able 

to acc\nt = ! well-kn[n fact t *ildr5   
born ( !  same p>5ts h diff]5t facial   
angles1 diff]5t siz$  bra9s1 diff]5t    
%ap$ m\?s & noses1 diff]5t  temp]am5ts1 
diff]5t intellectual p[]s1 & diff]5t    
moral  t5d5cies4 ,we may h conjectures  
on ! subject1 b  conjectures are n      
sci5ce4 ,if necess>y to ! argum5t1 we   
might1 p]haps1 sugge/ a n improbable    
hypo!sis =  expla9+ ! diff]5ce (        
complexion betwe5 ! :ite & !  color$    
races4 ,! color$ races1 ! yell[1 !      
olive1 ! r$1  ! copp]-color$1 & ! black1
 are inf]ior to ! ,caucasian1  h dep>t$ 
f>!r f ! norma ( ! species1 &  approa*$ 
ne>] to ! animal1 & !re=e1 l animals1  h
 become m or less subject to ! action ( 
! elem5ts4  ,ext]nal nature1 act+ = ages
 on a race1 enfeebl$ by                 
ov]-civilization & ref9em5t1 & !re=e    
hav+ 9 a great  measure lo/ ! moral &   
intellectual p[] ( resi/+ !  elem5tal   
action ( nature1 may1 p]haps1           
suffici5tly expla9  ! diff]5ces we note 
9 ! complexion ( ! sev]al races4  ,if ! 

,europeans & _! ,am]ican desc5dants 7 to
 lose all  tradition ( ! ,*ri/ian       
religion1 z !y are rapidly do+1  & to   
take up ) spiritism or "s o!r degrad+   
sup]/ition1 z !y seem dispos$ to d1 & to
 devote  !mselves solely to ! luxuries &
 ref9em5ts ( ! mat]ial  civilization (  
:i* !y are n[ s pr\d1 & boa/ s mu*1  x  
is by no means improbable t 9 "t !y w\ld
 become z  d>k1 z de=m$1 z imbecile z ! 
despis$ ,african or !  native ,new      
,holl&]4  #cdj  ,we might give v        
plausible reasons = reg>d+ ! negro z  ! 
degrad$ remnant ( a once ov]-civiliz$ & 
corrupt$ race2  & p]haps1 if recov]$1   
,*ri/ianiz$1 civiliz$1 & re/or$  to     
communication ) ! great c5tral curr5t ( 
human life1 he  may 9 "t lose 8 negro   
hue & features1 & become once m  a :ite 
man1 a ,caucasian4 ,b be ?is z x may1 we
 re/1 z is  our "r1 on ! fact t ! unity 
( ! human species &  its ,adamic orig9  
are 9 possession1 & x is = ^? :o d5y    
ei!r po9t to make good _! d5ial4    ,b !
 ,scriptures say mank9d 7 orig9ally ( "o

 spee*1 &  we f9d t e species ( animals 
has its peculi> song or  cry1 :i* is !  
same 9 e individual ( ! same species2   
yet ?is is n ! case ) ! diff]5t k9dr$ & 
nations  ( m52 !y speak diff]5t tongues1
 :i* ! philologi/ is  utt]ly unable to  
ref] to a common orig9al4 ,!re=e !re  _c
 be 9 m5 unity ( species1 & ! ass]tion (
 !  ,scriptures ( all be+ ( "o spee* is 
untrue4 ,if ! song (  ! same species (  
birds or ! cry ( ! same species (       
animals is ! same 9 all ! individuals ( 
t species1 x  /ill requires no v nice e>
 to di/+ui% ! song or !  cry ( "o       
individual f t ( ano!r2 & !re=e !       
analogy reli$ on1 ev5 if admissible1 :i*
 x is n1 w\ld n  su/a9 ! conclusion4    
,conc$+1 if y insi/ on x1 t  unity (    
species dem&s unity ( spee*1 ! facts    
adduc$  w>rant no conclusion aga9/ !    
,scriptural ass]tion2 = !  language (   
all m5 is ev5 n[ "o & ! same1 & all     
really  h "o & ! same spee*4 ,take !    
elem5ts ( language z  ! s5sible sign by 
:i* m5 communicate ) "o ano!r1 &  !re is

 ev5 n[1 at lea/ z f> z kn[n or         
conceivable1 only  "o language4 ,!      
ess5tial elem5ts ( all dialects are !   
same4 ,y h 9 all ! subject1 ! pr$icate1 
& ! copula1  or ! n\n1 adjective1 & v]b1
 to :i* all ! o!r p>ts (  spee* are     
r$ucible4 ,h5ce ! philologi/ speaks (   
univ]sal  gramm>1 & con/ructs a gramm>  
applicable alike to all  dialects4 ,"s  
philologi/s also cont5d t ! signs adopt$
  by all dialects are radically ! same1 
& t ! diff]5ces  enc\nt]$ are only      
accid5tal4 ,?is has be5 actually prov$ 9
  ! case ( :at are call$ ! ,aryan or    
,indo-,european dialects4  ,t !         
,sanskrit1 ! ,pehlvi or old ,p]sic1 !   
,keltic1 !  ,teutonic1 ! ,slavonic1 !   
,greek1 & ! ,lat91 f :i* are  d]iv$ !   
mod]n dialects ( ,europe1 z ,italian1   
,fr5*1  ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 ,engli%1  
,dut*1 ,g]man1 ,scanian1 ,turk1  ,poli%1
 ,russian1 ,wel%1 ,gaelic1 & ,iri%1 all 
except ! ,basque  & ,letti% or ,f9ni%1 h
 _h a common orig91 no philologi/       
d\bts4 ,t ! gr\p ( dialects call$       

,semitic1 includ+ !  ,hebrew1 ,*aldaic1 
,syriac1 ,coptic1 & ,e?iopic1 h _h an   
orig9 id5tical ) t ( ! ,aryan gr\p is1  
we believe1 n[  h>dly d5i$4 ,all t c be 
said is1 t philologi/s h  n prov$ x1 nor
 ! same fact ) reg>d to ! s-call$       
,turanian gr\p1 z ! ,*9ese1 ! ,turki%1 !
 ,basque1 !  ,letti% or ,f9ni%1 !       
,tat>ic or ,mongolian1 etc41 ! dialects 
( ! aborig9al tribes or nations (       
,am]ica & ( ,africa4 ,b  :at conclusion 
is to be drawn f ! fact t philology1 a  
sci5ce confess$ly 9 its infancy1 & h>dly
 a sci5ce at all1  has n z yet e/abli%$ 
an id5tity ( orig9 ) ^! =  ! mo/ "p     
b>b>\s dialects8 ,f ! fact t philology  
has n asc]ta9$ x1 we _c conclude t !    
id5tity does  n exi/1 or ev5 t philology
 may n "o day discov] &  e/abli% x4     
#cda    ,philology may h also proce$$ on
 false assumptions1 :i*  h ret>d$ its   
progress & l$ x to false conclusions4 ,x
  has proce$$ on ! assumption t ! savage
 is ! primitive  man1 & t 8 agglut9at$  
dialect repres5ts a primitive  /ate (   

language in/ead ( a deg5]ate /ate4 ,a   
broad] view  ( hi/ory & a ju/] induction
 f its facts w\ld1 p]haps1  upset ?is   
assumption4 ,! savage is ! deg5]ate1 n !
  primeval man2 man 9 8 second *ildhood1
 n 9 8 fir/2 &  h5ce ! reason :y he has 
no gr[?1 no inh]5t progressive  p[]1 &  
:y1 z ,niebuhr ass]ts1 !re is no in/ance
 on  record ( a savage p hav+ by its own
 indig5\s ef=ts  pass$ f ! savage to !  
civiliz$ /ate4 ,! ?+ is z  impossible z 
= ! old man1 decrepit by age1 to r5ew ! 
vigor & ela/icity ( 8 y\? or e>ly       
manhood4 ,in/ead (  /udy+ ! dialects (  
savage tribes to obta9 specim5s ( !     
primitive =ms ( spee*1 philologi/s %\ld 
/udy !m only to  obta9 specim5s (       
worn-out or us$ up =ms1 or ( language 9 
its dotage4 ,9 all ! savage dialects t  
we h any k  (1 we detect or seem to     
detect traces ( a culture1 a            
civilization1 ( :i* !y :o n[ speak !m h 
lo/ all  memory & are no long] capable4 
,?is seems to u to be>  witness to a    
fall1 a loss4 ,p]haps1 :5 ! ,am]ican &  

,african  dialects are bett] kn[n1 & are
 /udi$ ) ref]5ce to ?is  view ( ! savage
 /ate1 & we h bett] asc]ta9$ !  influ5ce
 ( climate & habits ( life on ! organs (
 spee*  & !re=e on pronunciation1       
especially ( ! consonants1 we  %all be  
able to discov] indications ( an id5tity
 ( orig9  :]e n[ we c detect only traces
 ( div]sity4 ,z long z  philology has   
only p>tially explor$ ! field (         
obs]vation1  x is idle to pret5d t      
sci5ce has e/abli%$  any?+ aga9/ !      
scriptural doctr9e ( ! unity ( spee*4   
,! fact t philologi/s h n trac$ all !   
v>i\s  dialects n[ spok5 or ext9ct to a 
common orig9al am\nts to  no?+ aga9/    
fai?1 unless x c be prov$ t no su*      
orig9al ev] exi/$4 ,x may h be5 lo/ &   
only !  di/9ctions reta9$4              
,naturali/s po9t to ! v>i\s species (   
plants & animals  di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole  
surface ( ! globe1 & ask u if we  mean  
to say t ea* ( ^! has also sprung f "o  
orig9al  pair1 or male & female1 & if we
 ma9ta9 t !  primog5itors ( ea* species 

( animal 7 9 ! g>d5 (  ,ed5 ) ,adam &   
,eve1 or 9 ! ,ark ) ,noah4 ,if s1 h[ h  
!y become di/ribut$ ov] ! sev]al        
cont95ts ( ! e>?  & ! isl&s ( ! ocean8  
,argum5tum a specie ad speciem1  non    
valet1 z say ! books on logic4 ,& ev5 if
 x 7  prov$ t 9 case ( plants & animals 
,god duplicates1  triplicates1 or       
quadriplicates ! p>5ts by direct        
creation1 or  t he creates anew ! pair 9
 ea* remote locality :]e !  same species
 is f\nd1 z prom95t naturali/s ma9ta9 or
 are  incl9$ to ma9ta91 x w\ld prove    
no?+ 9 ! case ( man4  ,= we _c reason f 
animals to man1 or f flora to fauna4    
,ne>ly all ! argum5ts adduc$ f s-call$  
sci5ce aga9/  ! fai? are drawn f suppos$
 analogies ( m5 & animals1  & re/ = _!  
validity on ! assumption t man is n     
only g5]ically1 b specifically1 an      
animal1 :i* is simply a  begg+ ! "q4    
#cdb    ,species aga91 x is said1 may be
 develop$ by way ( selection1  z !      
flori/ proves 9 reg>d to fl[]s1 & !     
%eph]d or  h]dsman 9 reg>d to %eep &    

cattle4 ,t new v>ieties 9 !  l[] ord]s (
 creation may be atta9$ by "s sort (    
developm5t is n d5i$1 b z yet x is n    
prov$ t any  new species is ev] s       
obta9$4 ,moreov]1 facts w\ld seem to    
e/abli% t1 at lea/ 9 ! case ( dome/ic   
animals1 horses1  cattle1 & %eep1 ! new 
v>ieties d n become species &  are n    
self-p]petuat+4 ,exp]im5ts 9 :at is     
call$ cross+  ! bre$ h prov$ t1 unless !
 cross+ is frequ5tly  r5ew$1 ! v>iety 9 
a v few g5]ations runs out4 ,!re is  a  
p]petual t5d5cy ( ea* orig9al type to   
ga9 !  asc5d5cy1 & ( ! /rong] to        
elim9ate ! o!rs4  ,cattle-bre$]s n[ d n 
rely on cross+1 b seek to improve  _!   
/ock by select+ ! be/ bre$ !y "k1 &     
improv+  x by improv$ c>e & n\ri%m5t4 ,!
 diff]5t v>ieties (  m5 may be1 p]haps1 
improv$ 9 _! physique by selection1 z  0
 attempt$ 9 ! in/itutions ( ,lycurgus2  
b1 z ! moral  & intellectual nature     
pr$om9ates 9 man & is 8  *>act]i/ic1 all
 conclusions z to him drawn f ! l[]     
ord]s ( creation1 ev5 9 8 physical      

con/itution1 are  suspici\s & always to 
be accept$ ) extreme caution4 ,!  *ur*  
has def9$ :at no physiologi/ has        
disprov$1 t  anima e/ =ma corporis4 ,!  
s\l is ! in=m+ or  vital pr9ciple ( !   
body1 :i* modifies all its actions1 &   
enables x to resi/1 at lea/ to "s ext5t1
 ! *emical &  o!r natural laws :i* act  
on animals1 plants1 & unorganiz$  matt]4
 ,! physiological & m$ical !ories bas$  
on  *emi/ry1 :i* 7 = a "t 9 vogue & are 
n yet :olly  ab&on$1 conta9 at be/ only 
a modicum ( tru?1 & c nev]  be safely   
foll[$1 = 9 ! life ( man !re is at "w a 
subtil] p[] ?an a *emical or any o!r    
physical ag5t4 ,we d  n d5y t man is    
?r\gh 8 body relat$ to ! mat]ial  _w1 or
 t _m ( ! laws ( t _w1 m9]al1           
vegetable1 & animal1 are 9 "s degree    
applicable to him2 b1  z f> z sci5ce has
 yet proce$$1 !y are s only ) _m        
limitations & modifications :i* !       
physician--we use !  ^w 9 its           
etymological z well z 9 its conv5tional 
s5se--c seldom det]m9e4 ,! morale e     

physician  kn[s has an imm5se p[] ov] ! 
physique4 ,! high]  ! morale1 ! great] !
 p[] ( ! physical sy/em to  resi/       
physical laws1 to endure fatigue1 to be>
 up aga9/ &  ev5 to ?r[ (f disease4     
,physical disease is (t5 g5]at$ by      
moral depression1 & n seldom ?r[n (f by 
moral  exhil>ation4 ,:at is call$ /r5g? 
( w at times seems n  only to subject   
disease to its control1 b to hold dea?  
itself  at bay4 ,9 armies ! (fic]1 ) m  
c>e1 m labor1 m  h>d%ip1 & less food &  
sleep1 w survive ! common  soldi]1 va/ly
 8 sup]ior z to 8 m]e physical          
con/itution4 ,^! facts & innum]able o!rs
 l !m  ju/ify a /rong prote/ aga9/ ! too
 common practice (  apply+ to man )\t   
any res]vation ! laws :i* we obs]ve  9 !
 l[] ord]s ( creation1 & argu+ f :at is 
true (  !m :at mu/ be true ( him4 ,te>  
(f ! claw ( a lob/]1  & a new "o w be   
pu%$ out2 cut ! polypus 9 pieces1 &  ea*
 piece becomes a p]fect polypus1 at lea/
 s we are told1  = we h n ourselves made
 or se5 ! exp]im5t4 ,b  no?+ ( ! sort is

 true ( man1 nor ev5 ( ! high]  classes 
( animals 9 :i* organic life is m       
complex4  #cdc  ,we place little        
confid5ce 9 conclusions drawn f ! assum$
  analogies betwe5 man & animals1 & ev5 
! developm5t (  species 9 !m by         
selection or o!rwise1 if prov$1 w\ld n  
prove to u ! possibility ( a l          
developm5t 9 him4 ,we mu/  see a monkey 
by developm5t gr[ into a man be=e we c  
believe  x4    ,b :y1 ev5 9 ! case (    
animals t c be propagat$ only  by !     
union ( male & female1 we %\ld suppose !
 necessity  ( duplicat+ ! p>5ts ( !     
species is m ?an we are  able to und]/&4
 ,! individuals ( ! species c\ld g :]e  
man c\ld g4 ,suppose we f9d a species ( 
fi% 9 a ,nor?  ,am]ican lake1 & ! same  
species 9 a ,european or ,asiatic lake  
:i* has no wat] communication ) x1 c y  
say ! two  lakes h nev] be5 9           
communication1 y :o claim t !  e>? has  
exi/$ = millions ( ages8 ,mu* ( :at is  
n[ l&  0 once cov]$ ) wat]1 & mu* n[    
cov]$ ) wat] x  is probable 0 once l&   

inhabit$ by plants1 animals1 & m54      
,facts ev5 indicate t ! "p ( ! e>? n[ "u
 !  ,arctic & ,ant>ctic circles once lay
 ne>] to ! ,equator1 if  n "u x1 & t :at
 are n[ m\nta9s 7 once isl&s  dott+ !   
surface ( ! ocean4 ,no inductions :i*   
exclude  ^! probabilities or indications
 are sci5tific1 or c be  accept$ z      
conclusive4    ,take1 !n1 all ! facts on
 :i* ! naturali/s support _!  hypo!ses1 
!y e/abli% no?+ aga9/ fai?4 ,! facts    
really e/abli%$ ei!r favor fai? or are  
p]fectly compatible  ) x2 & if any are  
alleg$ t seem to militate aga9/ x1  !y  
are ei!r n prov$ to be facts1 or _! true
 "*  is n fully asc]ta9$1 & no          
conclusion f !m c be  tak5 z really     
sci5tific4 ,we d n pret5d t ! natural   
sci5ces1 z su*1 t5d to e/abli% ! tru? ( 
revelation1 &  we ?9k "s ov]-zeal\s     
apologi/s ( ! fai? g fur!r 9  ?is       
respect ?an !y %\ld4 ,! sci5ces deal )  
facts &  causes ( ! second>y ord]2 & x  
is v c]ta9 t "o  may det]m9e ! quality (
 an acorn z food = sw9e )\t  consid]+ ! 

fir/ cause ( ! oak t bore x4 ,a man may 
asc]ta9 ! prop]ties ( /eam & apply x to 
impel v>i\s  k9ds ( ma*9]y1 )\t giv+ any
 direct argum5t 9 favor  ( ! unity &    
,adamic orig9 ( ! race4 ,! a!i/ may be a
  good geometrician2 b1 if !re 7 no     
,god1 !re c\ld be  nei!r geometry nor an
 a!i/ to /udy x4 ,all we cont5d is1  t !
 facts ) :i* sci5ce deals are none ( !m 
%[n to  contradict fai? or to w>rant any
 conclusions incompatible )  x4    ,h5ce
 x may be assum$ t1 :ile ! sci5ces rema9
 9 _!  own ord] ( facts1 !y nei!r aid   
fai? nor impugn x1 =  fai? deals ) a    
high] ord] ( facts1 & moves 9 a sup]ior 
plane4 ,! ord] ( facts ) :i* ! sci5ces  
deal no d\bt  dep5ds on ! ord] reveal$  
by fai?2 & no d\bt !  p>ticul> sci5ces  
%\ld be connect$ ) sci5ce or !          
explanation & application ( ! ideal     
=mula or fir/  pr9ciples1 :at we call   
philosophy1 z ?is =mula 9 turn is       
connect$ ) ! fai?2 b x does n lie )9 !  
prov9ce  ( ! p>ticul> sci5ces z su* to  
%[ ?is dep5d5ce or  ?is connection1 &   

our savans inv>iably blund]  :5ev] !y   
attempt to d x1 or to rise f ! special  
to  ! g5]al1 ! p>ticul> to ! univ]sal1  
or f !  sci5ces to fai?4 ,"h is :]e !y  
err4  #cdd  ,:at !y allege t transc5ds !
 p>ticul> ord] ( facts  ) :i* ! sci5ces 
deal is only !ory1 hypo!sis1            
conjecture1 imag9ation1 or fancy1 & has 
n ! slighte/  sci5tific value1 & c      
w>rant no conclusions ei!r = or  aga9/  
fai?4 ,!re is no logical asc5t f !      
p>ticul> to  ! univ]sal1 unless !re has 
be5 fir/ a desc5t f !  univ]sal to !    
p>ticul>4 ,jacob saw1 on ! ladd] rea*+  
f heav5 to e>?1 ! angels ( ,god desc5d+ 
& asc5d+1  n asc5d+ & desc5d+4 ,!re mu/ 
be a desc5t f !  highe/ to ! l[e/ be=e  
!re c be an asc5t f !  l[e/ to ! highe/4
 ,god becomes man t man may become ,god4
  ,! sci5ces all deal ) p>ticul>s & _c (
 !mselves  rise above p>ticul>s1 & f !m 
univ]sal sci5ce is n  obta9able4    ,he 
:o />ts f revelation1 :i* includes !    
pr9ciples (  univ]sal sci5ce1 c1 no     
d\bt1 f9d all nature h>moniz+  ) fai?1 &

 all ! sci5ces be>+ witness to its tru?1
  = he has ! key to _! real & high]     
s5se2 b he :o  />ts ) ! p>ticul> only c 
nev] rise above !  p>ticul>1 & h5ce he  
f9ds 9 ! p>ticul>s1 or ! nature  to :i* 
he is re/rict$1 no immat]ial & immortal 
s\l1 &  no ,god1 creator1 & uphold] ( ! 
univ]se4 ,8  g5]alizations are only     
classifications ( facts1 ) no  intuition
 ( _! relation to an ord] above         
!mselves2 8  univ]sal is ! p>ticul>1 &  
he sees 9 ! plane ( 8  vision no /eps by
 :i* to asc5d to sci5ce1 f> less to     
fai?4  ,sa9t-,simon & ,augu/e ,comte bo?
 und]/ood well ! necessity  ( subord9at+
 all ! sci5ces to a g5]al pr9ciple or   
law1  & ( integrat+ !m 9 a univ]sal     
sci5ce2 b />t+ )  ! special sci5ces     
!mselves1 !y c\ld nev] atta9 to a       
univ]sal sci5ce1 or a sci5ce t accept$1 
g5]aliz$1 &  expla9$ !m all1 & h5ce ea* 
end$ 9 a!ism1 or1 :at is  ! same ?+1 !  
div9ization ( humanity4 ,! positivi/s   
really recognize only p>ticul>s1 & only 
p>ticul>s 9 !  mat]ial ord]1 ! only ord]

 ! sci5ces1 di/+ui%$ f  philosophy &    
revelation1 d or c deal )4 ,alex&] von  
,humboldt _h1 probably1 no sup]ior 9 !  
sci5ces1 & he has  giv5 _! rsum 9 8     
,cosmos2 b1 if we  recollect aright1 !  
^w ,god does n once appe> 9 t "w1  &    
yet1 except :5 he v5tures to !orize     
beyond ! ord] (  facts on :i* ! sci5ces 
imm$iately re/1 !re is little 9  t "w t 
an or?odox ,*ri/ian ne$ d5y4 ,h]b]t     
,sp5c]1  really a man ( ability1 :o     
disclaims be+ a foll[] (  ,augu/e ,comte
 or a positivi/1 excludes f ! kn[able1  
pr9ciples & causes1 all except s5sible  
ph5om5a2 &  al?\gh wrong 9 view ( a     
high] philosophy ?an c be  obta9$ by    
induction f ! s5sible or p>ticul> facts1
 yet  he is n wrong 9 cont5d+ t !       
sci5ces _c (  !mselves rise above !     
p>ticul> & ! ph5om5al4    ,h5ce we d n  
agree ) ^? ,*ri/ian apologi/s :o tell u 
t ! t5d5cy ( ! sci5ces is to corroborate
 ! doctr9es  ( revelation4 ,!y no m t5d 
( !mselves to corroborate  revelation   
?an !y d to impair x4 ,!y :o press !m   

into  ! cause ( infidelity1 & h5ce      
conclude t sci5ce explodes  fai?1 mi/ake
 _! rea*1 = we c no m conclude f !m     
aga9/ fai? ?an we c 9 favor ( fai?4 ,!  
fact is1 !  sci5ces are n sci5ce1 & lie 
q bel[ ! sph]e ( bo?  sci5ce & fai?4 ,:5
 array$ aga9/ ei!r1 _! au?ority  is     
null4  #cde  ,h5ce we conclude1  priori1
 aga9/ !m :5 !y  presume to impugn !    
pr9ciples ( sci5ce z express$ 9 !  ideal
 =mula1 or aga9/ fai? :i* is1 consid]$ 9
 itself  objectively1 no less c]ta9 ?an 
! =mula itself2 & we h  %[n1  po/]iori1 
by desc5d+ to ! p>ticul>s1  t ! sci5ces 
pres5t no facts t impugn revelation or  
contradict ! tea*+s ( fai?4 ,!          
conclusions ( !  savans aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian
 dogmas are no logical  d$uctions or    
inductions f any facts or p>ticul>s 9 _!
  possession1 & !re=e1 h[ev] !y may c>ry
 away scioli/s1  or ! half-le>n$1 or    
little m9ds1 gre$y ( novelties1 !y  are 
really ( no sci5tific acc\nt4    ,all t 
fai? dem&s ( ! sci5ces z su* is _!      
sil5ce4  ,%e does n dem& _! support1 %e 

only dem&s t !y  keep 9 _! own ord]1 t !
 cobbl] %\ld /ick to 8  la/1 ne sutor   
ultra crepidam4 ,fai? h]self is 9 !     
sup]natural ord]1 & proce$s f ! same    
s\rce z nature  h]self2 x presupposes   
sci5ce inde$1 & elevates & confirms  x1 
b no m dep5ds ^u x ?an ! creator dep5ds 
on !  creature4 ,! highe/ sci5ce ne$s   
fai? to complete x1 & 9  all probability
 nev] c\ld h be5 atta9$ to )\t          
revelation2 b nei!r sci5ce nor !        
sci5ces1 h[ev] !y  may ne$ revelation1  
c\ld ev]1 )\t revelation1 h ris5  to !  
conception ( a div9e & sup]natural      
revelation4 ,x is  idle1 !n1 to suppose 
t )\t revelation we c\ld f9d by  !      
sci5ces ! demon/ration or evid5ce (     
revelation4 ,lal&e  0 "r :5 he said he  
_h nev] se5 ,god at ! end ( 8           
telescope1 & 8 ass]tion %\ld weigh ) all
 natural  !ologians1 s-call$1 :o attempt
 to prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god  by way (    
induction f ! facts :i* naturali/s      
obs]ve &  analyze2 b he 0 wrong &       
grossly illogical :5 he conclud$  f t   

fact1 ) ! fool ( ! ,bible1 !re is no    
,god1 z  wrong z ^? *emi/s are :o       
conclude aga9/ ! real  pres5ce 9 holy   
eu*>i/1 because by _! pr(ane analysis ( 
! consecrat$ ho/ !y f9d 9 x ! prop]ties 
( bread4 ,!  mo/ se>*+ *emical analysis 
_c g beyond ! visible or  s5sible       
prop]ties ( ! subject analyz$1 & !      
s5sible  prop]ties ( ! bread & w9e      
nobody pret5ds are *ang$ 9              
transub/antiation4 ,none ( ! reveal$    
dogmas are ei!r  provable or disprovable
 by any empirical sci5ce1 = !y all  lie 
9 ! sup]natural ord]1 above ! rea* (    
natural  sci5ce1 & :ile !y control all !
 empirical sci5ces !y  c be controll$ by
 none4    ,b :5 we h revelation & ) x1  
consci\sly or  unconsci\sly1 ! ideal    
=mula1 :i* gives u ! pr9ciples  ( all   
sci5ce & ( all ?+s1 & desc5d f ! high]  
to  ! l[]1 ! case is ess5tially diff]5t4
 ,we !n f9d all  ! sci5ces s f> z bas$  
on facts1 & all ! obs]vable  facts or   
ph5om5a ( nature1 moral1 intellectual1  
or physical1  bo? illu/rat+ & confirm+ !

 tru?s ( revelation & !  my/]ies ( fai?4
 ,we !n approa* nature f ! po9t (  view 
( ! ,creator1 read nature by ! div9e    
light (  revelation1 & /udy x f above1 n
 f bel[2 we !n  foll[ ! real ord] ( ?+s1
 proce$ f pr9ciples to  facts1 f ! cause
 to ! effect1 f ! univ]sal to !         
p>ticul>1 & are1 aft] hav+ ?us desc5d$ f
 heav5 to  e>?1 able to reasc5d f e>? to
 heav54 ,9 ?is way we c  see all nature 
jo9+ 9 "o to %[ =? ! be+ & glory  (     
,god1 & to hymn 8 praise4  #cdf  ,?is   
me?od ( /udy+ nature f high to l[ by !  
light (  fir/ pr9ciples & ( div9e       
revelation enables u to press all  !    
sci5ces into ! s]vice ( fai?1 to unite  
!m 9 a common  pr9ciple1 & d :at !      
,sa9t-,simonians & positivi/s _c  d1    
integrate !m 9 a g5]al or univ]sal      
sci5ce1 br+ !  :ole intellectual life ( 
man1 z we %[$ 9 our article on  ,rome or
 ,reason1 into unison ) fai? & ! real   
life &  ord] ( ?+s1 leav+ to r5d our    
bosoms only t moral  /ruggle symboliz$  
by ,rome & ! ,_w1 ( :i* we h  h]et(ore  

treat$ at l5g?4    ,b ?is c nev] be done
 by induction f ! facts obs]v$  &       
analyz$ by ! sev]al empirical or        
inductive sci5ces4 ,we  ?9k we h %[n t !
 pret5sion1 t ^! sci5ces h  set aside   
any ( ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 or      
impair$ !  fai?1 except 9 feeble &      
un9/ruct$ m9ds1 is unf\nd$2 we  ?9k we h
 also %[n t !y n only h n1 b _c  d x1   
because !y lie 9 a region too l[ to     
e/abli% any?+  aga9/ revelation4 ,yet z 
! sci5ces are insuffici5t1 :ile         
re/rict$ to _! prop] sph]e1 to satisfy !
 dem& (  reason = apodictic pr9ciples1 =
 unity & univ]sality1  !re is a p]petual
 t5d5cy 9 ! m5 devot$ exclusively to  _!
 culture to draw f !m conclusions :i*   
are  unw>rant$1 illogical1 & antagoni/ic
 bo? to philosophy &  to fai?4 ,aga9/   
?is t5d5cy1 p]haps nev] m /rongly       
manife/$ ?an at ?is mom5t1 !re is 9     
natural sci5ce alone  no suffici5t      
safegu>d1 & consequ5tly we ne$ !        
sup]natural light ( revelation to       
protect bo? fai? &  sci5ce itself4 ,) ! 

loss ( ! light ( revelation we lose1  9 
fact1 ! ideal =mula1 or ! light (       
philosophy2 & )  ! light ( philosophy1  
we lose bo? sci5ce & ! sci5ces1  & reta9
 only dry facts :i* signify no?+1 or    
baseless  !ories & wild conjectures1    
:i*1 :5 sub/itut$ = real  sci5ce1 are f>
 worse ?an no?+4    --------            
,my ,mead[brook ,adv5ture4      ,no1 no1
 ,tom2 t is out ( ! "q4 ,i c't af=d to g
  away j n[4 ,i am gett+ into a f9e     
practice2 ! c\rts op5  9 t5 days2 &     
besides1 ,i am 9 ! mid/ ( an essay on ! 
,law ( ,contracts :i* ,i promis$ = !    
next numb] ( a  c]ta9 law magaz9e4 ,y\r 
prescription is a v pleasant "o2  b     
really ,i c't take x4 ,y mu/ give me a  
good dose (  m$ic9e in/ead4    ,i tell y
 :at x is1 ,frankl91 ,i don't let my    
pati5ts dictate  to me 9 t /yle4 ,y h   
be5 fool en\gh to ?r[ y\rself  into a   
n]v\s fev] by work+ 9 ?is na/y d5 all   
summ]1  in/ead ( tak+ a vacation-run to 
! c\ntry z y ought to  h done2 & n[1 if 
y don't foll[ my directions1 ,i swe> ,i 

won't cure y6 ,g (f to "s quiet f>m-h\se
 = a week or  two1 &1 if y\r essay on   
contracts weighs ^u y\r m9d1 take  !    
/upid /uff ) y4 ,i'll risk y\r work+ mu*
 at x  aft] y get )9 sc5t ( ! fields4   
#cdg    ,i c\ld n /& out v long aga9/ ! 
bluff ord]s ( my  fri5d & physician ,tom
 ,b[ld]4 ,i knew1 too1 t he 0 "r4  ,i _h
 ov]task$ myself4 ,i _h be5 dang]\sly   
ill2 &1 eag]  z ,i 0 to get on ) my "w1 
,i c\ld n help feel+ t  re/ & *ange 7   
absolutely necess>y = me4 ,s ,i pack$ my
  portmanteau1 n =gett+ my preci\s essay
 & a lib]al  supply ( writ+-pap]1 & !   
next morn+ saw me on ! way  to          
,mead[brook4    ,x 0 a quiet1 sleepy    
little village1 ne/l+ at ! foot ( a     
beautifully wood$ ridge1 & look+ out f  
its %elt]1  across a slope ( gre5       
fields1 to a little /ream :i* ran  purl+
 ov] ! /ones a qu>t] ( a mile di/ant4   
,maje/ic old  elm-trees %ad$ ! grassy   
roads & swung _! bran*es ov]  ! ro(s ( !
 trim little cottages4 ,!re 0 only "o   
h\se  9 ! place :i* pret5d$ to be any?+ 

bett] ?an a  cottage1 & t 0 a r /ately  
villa1 a good hundr$  ye>s old at lea/1 
:i* /ood a little way out ( ! village1  
surr\nd$ ) trees1 & %ut 9 f ! public    
gaze by an  enorm\s haw?orn h$ge :i* ran
 ar\nd ! ext5sive gr\nds4  ,mead[brook  
,h\se1 or ! h\se1 z x 0 g5]ally call$ by
  ! villag]s1 0 ! prop]ty ( an old maid5
 lady nam$  ,=sy!1 ! daught] ( a retir$ 
m]*ant :o long ye>s ago  _h *os5 ?is    
quiet spot z a retreat = 8 old age4 ,mr4
  ,=sy! 0 a ,ca?olic1 & "o ( 8 fir/     
actions aft]  remov+ to ,mead[brook 0 to
 build ! pretty /one *ur* 9  ! ma9 /reet
 ( ! village1 & to pl$ge a c]ta9 sum    
annually f 8 ample income = ! support ( 
! prie/4  ,:51 aft] a long life (       
usefulness1 he di$ & 0 buri$ by  ! side 
( 8 wife1 leav+ all 8 prop]ty to 8      
daught]1  :o _h already long pass$ !    
p]iod ( y\?1 ! g5]osity  ( ,miss ,=sy!  
cont9u$ to supply :at ! poor little     
,ca?olic congregation 0 unable to give1 
& ! excell5t  sp9/] 0 /ill ! ma9/ay ( ! 
*ur*4 ,poor ,fa!r ,james1  an old man n[

 ( ne>ly sev5ty1 w\ld h f>$ ill b =  h] 
assi/ance4    ,s mu* ,i le>n$ 9 an      
aft]-supp] *at ) my l&lady on !  night (
 my arrival4 ,i _c say t ,i 0 mu*       
engross$ at  ! "t by ! good woman's     
g>rul\s n>rative1 b  aft]-ev5ts 7 to    
give me a deep int]e/ 9 ,mead[brook     
,h\se  & 9 ev]y?+ connect$ ) x4 ,i _h   
tak5 lodg+s 9 !  village inn1 a neat1   
quiet1 respectable e/abli%m5t1 :]e  !re 
7 few gue/s except ! villag]s :o us$ to 
drop 9 (  an ev5+ to enjoy a little     
gossip & a pipe1 & ) :om1  aft] a days' 
ramble1 ,i us$ (t5 to sit & smoke my    
cig>4 ,i  l$ an idle b mo/ delici\s life
 dur+ my t5 day's holiday4  ,i rang$    
?r\gh ! woods1 ) my gun on my %\ld]1    
br++  home n[ & !n a bird or s1 b c>+ 9 
reality m =  ! walk ?an ! %oot+4 ,i     
:ipp$ ! brook = tr\t4 ,i  se>*$ ! fields
 = botanical specim5s4 ,i w&]$ ab\t  ) a
 volume ( ,t5nyson or ,bu*anan 9 my     
pocket1 /opp+ at  times to lie d[n &    
read "u ! trees4 ,i did almo/  ev]y?+1 9
 fact1 except "w at my essay1 :i* rema9$

 9  ! portfolio :]e ,i _h orig9ally     
pack$ x4    ,"o sunny aft]noon ,i 0 doz+
 on my back 9 ! %ade ( an  apple or*>d1 
:5 a /ra9 ( music 0 borne to my e>s1    
beg9n+ l ! di/ant hum ( bees1 &         
gradually swell+ on  ! air ) sl[ &      
maje/ic cad5ces4 ,i _h nev] he>d su*    
music 9 ,mead[brook be=e4  #cdh  ,curi\s
 to "k :5ce x came1 ,i foll[$ ! s\nd1 & 
0 n  long 9 discov]+ t "s practis$ h& 0 
t\*+ !  :eezy little organ 9 ! village  
*ur*4 ,n ! same h&  :i* 0 accu/om$      
pa9fully to /ruggle ) ! keys !re on     
,sunday1 & wr+ f !m brok5 & doleful     
s\nds to !  di/ress ( all n]v\s li/5]s4 
,! p]son :o 0 play+ n[  _h ! t\* ( a    
ma/]2 & z ! pla9tive phrases ( !  ,agnus
 ,dei f ,moz>t's ,fir/ ,mass broke ^u ! 
solitude  ( ! *ur*1 ! rickety organ     
seem$ infus$ ) a new  _s4 ,i c\ld n h   
believ$ t s mu* pa?os & su*  exquisite  
delicacy ( tone c\ld be drawn f ! wret*$
  in/rum5t ^: labori\s :i/l+ & puff+ _h 
set my tee?  on edge ! previ\s ,sunday4 
,i sat d[n 9 a pew "u !  gall]y1 &      

li/5$4 ,x 0 n until twilight approa*$ t 
! play+ ceas$4 ,i he>d ! organ clos$2 ! 
play] 0  sil5t = a few mom5ts2 ,he is   
say+ a pray]1 ?\ght ,i2 &  !n a s(t /ep 
began to desc5d ! /airs4 ,?9k+ x        
possible ! p]=m] might feel annoy$ at   
p]ceiv+ a  /rang] 9 ! *ur*1 ,i sat      
quietly 9 my place1 confid5t t  ! gr[+  
d>kness & ! %elt] ( "o ( ! pill>s w\ld  
scre5 me f obs]vation4 ,i c\ld see v    
well1 h[ev]1  ?\gh ,i c\ld n be se51 &  
my surprise 0 great :5 a  sl5d] female  
figure issu$ f ! gall]y /aircase1 & came
  )9 ! light ( ! op5 /reet door4 ,%e 0  
"y--n m  ?an eighte51 ,i %\ld ?9k--) a  
face ( r>e beauty1 a  pretty =m1 a light
 & graceful c>riage1 & ! unmi/akable    
air ( a g5tlewoman4 ,small1 regul>      
features1 light br[n eyes1  *eeks l a   
pea*1 bloom+ ) heal?1 a pr(usion ( d>k  
hair1 & an expression ( rem>kable       
simplicity & sweetness  made up a       
picture ( lovel9ess su* z ,i _h nev] se5
 be=e4  ,%e wore a fasc9at+ little r\nd 
hat1 & :5 ,i fir/ caught  sight ( h] 0 j

 draw+ on h] gloves1 & ,i c\ld see t  h]
 h&s 7 small & %apely4 ,%e b5t h] knee z
 %e pass$  be=e ! alt>1 & :5 %e w5t out 
into ! /reet !  *ur* seem$ sudd5ly to h 
gr[n d>k]4 ,my fir/ impulse 0  to foll[ 
h]2 b ,i /opp$1 feel+ t x w\ld be an    
intrusion1 & tru/+ t %e w\ld return !   
next day1 if  %e suppos$ h]self to be   
unobs]v$4 ,s ,i kept /ill until %e  _h  
be5 gone sev]al m9utes1 & :5 ,i left !  
*ur* %e 0  n[h]e to be se54    ,i       
det]m9$ to ask my l&lady ab\t ! fair    
musician1 & t  ev5+1 :5 wor?y ,mrs4     
,br[n br\ght me my supp]1 ,i deta9$  h] 
a few m9utes 9 conv]sation--an amusem5t 
to :i* %e 0  9 n[ay adv]se4    ,x's be5 
an elegant day1 hasn't x1 n[1 ,mr4      
,frankl98 said  ! old woman1 z %e plac$ 
on ! table ! smok+ ra%] (  ham & ! pile 
( butt]$ toa/2 & x's pla9 to see :at a  
_w ( good ?is tramp+ ab\t ! c\ntry is   
do+ y4 ,i  w\ldn't say y 7 ov]-/rong    
yet2 b1 ,"l bless me6 :5  y fir/ came   
"h1 y 7 little bett] ?an a gho/4 ,well1 
well1 sir1 & ,i hope y won't f9d our    

little village too dull  = y6    ,dull6 
,mrs4 ,br[n4 ,n a bit ( x4 ,i wi% ,i    
c\ld /ay "h a  ye>4 ,by ! way1 :o is x  
plays ! organ s beautifully 9           
,mead[brook *ur*8 ,i he>d ! music1 &    
/opp$ a:ile to  li/54    ,plays ! organ1
 sir8 ,well1 y "k !re's ,mr4 ,?ra%]1 !  
s*oolma/]2 he's ! organi/ on ,sundays1 &
 v l y  he>d him practis+--?\gh :y he   
%\ld be out ( s*ool  to-day1 & ?is n a  
holiday--    #cdi    ,mr4 ,?ra%]1 ,mrs4 
,br[n1 ?umps on ! organ z if he 0  ?ump+
 8 pupils1 & 8 s+]s scream z if !y felt 
!  bl[s4 ,?is 0 n ,mr4 ,?ra%]4 ,x 0 a "y
 lady6    ,well1 sir1 ,i nev] kn[$ ( no 
"y lady play+ ! organ  except x 0 ,betty
 ,cox1 ! but*]'s daught]4 ,!y d say %e  
has a wond]ful tal5t = music1 & ,mr4    
,?ra%]1 he has be5  giv+ h] lessons ?is 
la/ mon?1 & ,i w\ldn't wond] if x  0 h]6
    ,n[1 x _h be5 my privilege to he>   
,miss ,betty ,cox f+] !  keys "o day    
aft] ,mass1 & a m doleful p]=mance ,i   
nev]  _h li/5$ to4 ,ev5 if ,i _h n se5 !
 p]=m]1 ,i %\ld  h be5 sure x 0 n ,miss 

,betty2 b1 q ap>t f h]  musical         
pr(ici5cy1 ,i felt a little bit         
indignant t !  beautiful girl :o _h made
 su* an impression ^u me %\ld be  mi/ak5
 = a ,betty ,cox4 ,no1 %e 0 n "o ( !    
village  damsels2 t 0 cle>4 ,&          
un=tunately x 0 equally cle>  t ,mrs4   
,br[n knew no m ab\t h] ?an ,i did      
myself4    ,i fell asleep t night humm+ 
! ,agnus ,dei1 &  dream$ ( angels ) r\nd
 hats & br[n kid gloves1 play+  on      
rickety organs1 & hurl+ legions ( mu/y  
s*ool-ma/]s  out ( ! cl\ds4    ,! next  
day ,i took my book to ! *ur*-y>d1 &    
*ose a %ady  spot :]e ,i c\ld he> ! fir/
 notes ( ! organ4 ,i wait$ a  long :ile1
 read+ little1 = ,i c\ld n fix my       
att5tion on  ! page4 ,at la/ %e came1 z 
,i _h hop$4 ,= m ?an an h\r  ,i li/5$ to
 ! exquisite tones :i* seem$ to fl[ f h]
  agile f+]s4 ,!n %e w5t away )\t       
p]ceiv+ me4    ,i ne$ h>dly say t ,i    
made _m ano!r visit to ! *ur*1  = !     
pursuit ( ! fair organi/ _h n[ become a 
g5u9e  passion ) me4 ,sometimes ,i wait$

 all ! aft]noon )\t  see+ or he>+ h]4   
,!n ,i us$ to g to my room & be moody  &
 mis]able all ! ev5+4 ,a ra9y day w\ld  
?r[ me into  despair1 & ,i wat*$ ! cl\ds
 ) ! eag]ness ( a  s*oolboy on a        
holiday4 ,my read]s w n ne$ to be told t
  ,i 0 fall+ desp]ately 9 love4 ,once or
 twice ,i met h]  walk+1 & _h an        
opportunity to notice m p>ticul>ly !    
s+ul> beauty ( h] =m & c\nt5ance1 & !   
ref9$ &  quiet air :i* p]vad$ h] :ole   
p]son4 ,once ,i met h] by  accid5t at ! 
cross+ ( a brook4 ,i gave h] my h& to   
help  h] ov]1 & %e took x ) ! mode/     
frankness ( a true  lady1 say+1 ,?ank y1
 sir1 9 a voice :i* seem$ to me z  sweet
 z h] face4 ,yes1 ,i 0 c]ta9ly 9 love4  
,i might easily h f\nd out all ab\t h]  
by ask+ a few  que/ions 9 ! village1 :]e
 ! %opkeep]s1 at all ev5ts1  w\ld h>dly 
be z ill in=m$ z my l&lady2 b s9ce my   
conv]sation ) ,mrs4 ,br[n ,i _h become1 
,i "k n :y1  unwill+ to speak ( h]4 ,i  
_h gr[n to look ^u h] z my  secret1 :i* 
,i 0 dispos$ to gu>d pretty jeal\sly4 ,a

 bit  ( my/]y1 be x ev] s little &      
unnecess>y1 is "o ( !  mo/ *>m+ ?+s 9 ! 
_w to a "y lov]1 & ,i h  always ?\ght t 
,%]idan display$ great k ( human  nature
 :5 he made ,lydia ,langui% refuse to be
 m>ri$ )\t  an elopem5t4 ,at "s "t 9 our
 lives almo/ all ( u give way  to m or  
less ( ! same sort ( nons5se4    #cej   
,!re came a sudd5 end at la/ to my moon+
 & dream+1 &  x came 9 a way ) :i* ev5  
,lydia ,langui% h]self c\ld n  h        
qu>rell$4 ,i _h be5 (f "o day on a long 
ramble among  ! hills1 &1 miss+ my way1 
did n get back to ,mead[brook  until    
close ^u ev5+4 ,z ,i came ne> ! village1
 ,i 0 made  aw>e ( "s extraord9>y       
commotion 9 ! place4 ,m5 & wom5  7      
hurry+ ?r\gh ! /reets1 & voices 7 %\t+ 9
  excit$ tones4 ,i ran aft] ! cr[d1 & z 
,i turn$ into !  ma9 /reet a glance 9 ! 
direction ( ! *ur* reveal$ !  cause ( ! 
di/urbance4 ,flames 7 bur/+ ?r\gh !     
gall]y w9d[s1 & a d5se smoke p\r$ ?r\gh 
! op5 door4  ,ne>ly ! :ole population ( 
,mead[brook _h ga!r$ ar\nd  ! sc5e (    

disa/]4 ,! m51 & "s ( ! wom5 ) !m1  _h  
=m$ l9es lead+ to "o or two ( ! ne>e/   
wells1 &  7 pass+ buckets ) all ! spe$  
!y c\ld2 b x 0  too evid5t ) b little   
prospect ( subdu+ !  conflagration4 ,i h
 already m5tion$ t ! build+ 0 (  /one1 s
 !re 0 little fe> ( ! walls fall+2 b !  
woodwork ( ! int]ior 0 old1 & burn$     
almo/ l t9d]4  ,! organ-gall]y 01 (     
c\rse1 ( wood1 & inside ! t[]1  :i* /ood
 at ! front ( ! edifice1 !re 0 a wood5  
/aircase1 =m+ ! only means ( access to !
 gall]y4 ,x  0 9 ! t[]1 ,i saw at once1 
t ! flames 7 burn+  mo/ fi]cely4 ,! re> 
( ! *ur* 0 z yet unt\*$4 ,i  ne$ h>dly  
tell :at my fir/ ?\ght 0 :5 ,i saw !    
cruel  gl>e t light$ up ! approa*+      
twilight4 ,a sick5+  s5sation crept ov] 
me4 ,if ! fair musician 0 9 ! gall]y  :5
 ! fire broke out1 h] escape seem$      
effectually cut (f4 ,i  ran =w>d b !re 0
 little ne$ to ask que/ions4 ,!         
di/ress$ expression on e face1 ! eag]   
eyes fix$ ^u  ! w9d[s ( ! gall]y1 !     
frantic b va9 ef=ts ( "o  or two ( !    

bolde/ ( ! cr[d to p5etrate ! doorway1  
out  ( :i* ! smoke 0 roll+ 9 great black
 cl\ds1 told me  t my wor/ fe>s 7 true4 
,ah6 sir1 said "o ( ! m5 x's a dreadful 
?+ to see a  pretty "y creature l t     
burn$ to dea? be=e our v  eyes4 ,b we   
c't get to h]6    ,a cold p]spiration   
broke out ^u my =ehead1 & = a mom5t  ,i 
reel$ l a drunk>d4 ,good heav5s6 ,i     
cri$2 h y no  ladd]s8    ,yes1 we h two2
 b look at ! t[]1 sir4 ,!re's no w9d[   
except 9 ! belfry1 & bo? ! ladd]s toge!r
 w\ld n  rea* t4    ,take ! ladd]s into 
! *ur* by ! back way1 ,i cri$1 &  get up
 ! front ( ! gall]y6 ,"h1 ,i add$1 pull+
 out my  purse1 ?is = ! fir/ man :o     
rea*es h]4    ,we w\ldn't want y\r      
money1 sir1 if we c\ld get at ! "y      
lady1 answ]$ "o or two voices toge!r2 b 
!re's little  use 9 try+4 ,?ree m5 h    
gone into ! *ur* already4    ,!y 7 /ill 
speak+ :5 !re 0 a /ir among ! cr[d at  !
 side ( ! build+1 & ! ?ree m5 reappe>$4 
,_!  clo!s 7 scor*$1 & ev5 _! hair 0    
slightly s+$4    ,c't d x1 said "o2 !   

gall]y front is burn+ l a  furnace4 ,we 
got ! ladd]s up1 b we c\ld n climb !m & 
h>dly got !m away aga94    ,did y see   
any?+ ( h]8    ,no1 & didn't he> a s\nd4
 ,if %e has n be5 *ok$ already  by !    
smoke1 %e mu/ h gone up  into ! t[]4    
#cea    ,x 0 a slight hope1 yet !re 0   
some?+ 9 x aft] all4  ,beh9d ! organ !re
 01 z ,i knew1 a door op5+ into a sort  
( lumb]-room 9 ! t[]1 f :i* a rude      
flight ( /eps1  t]m9at+ 9 a ladd]1 l$ up
 to ! bell4 ,x 0 possible t  :5 %e f\nd 
! gall]y /aircase 9 flames1 7,i aft]w>d 
le>n$ t x 0 "h ! fire broke out2 x 0    
suppos$ to  h be5 caus$ by a coal dropp$
 on ! /airs by a t9k] :o  _h be5 repair+
 ! ro( t aft]noon7--x 0 j  possible1 ,i 
say1 t %e might h retreat$ up ^! /eps 9 
! hope ( be+ rescu$ ?r\gh ! belfry w9d[4
 ,= a mom5t  or two aft] ! failure to   
rea* h] ?r\gh ! int]ior1 !re  0 a pause 
( awful susp5se4 ,:atev] 0 to be done1  
h[ev]1  mu/ be done at once4 ,! flames 7
 mak+ rapid headway1 &  9 t5 m9utes no?+
 w\ld be left ( ! t[] b ! b>e  /one     

%ell4 ,already x 0 d\btful if any "o    
c\ld survive  ev5 9 ! upp] portion ( x4 
,! m5 7 /ill ?r[+  bucketfuls ( wat]    
into ! burn+ por* ) frantic spe$2  b    
?is1 ( c\rse1 did little good1 = ! fire 
0 spread+  high above _! rea*4 ,o!rs 7  
runn+ helplessly ab\t )  coils ( rope4  
,sudd5ly a ?\ght seiz$ me4 ,j 9 front ( 
!  *ur*1 b on ! opposite side ( ! road1 
/ood an enorm\s  elm-tree4 ,"s ( its    
upp] bran*es rea*$ )9 fifty feet (  !   
top ( ! t[]4 ,0 x n possible to bridge  
across t  *asm8    ,is !re any op5+1 ,i 
cri$1 9 ! t[] ro(8    ,no1 sir2 none at 
all4    ,give me an axe & "s rope4      
,two or ?ree axes 7 ?ru/ at me4 ,i took 
"o1 & ti$ x  r\nd my wai/ ) a long coil 
( rope4 ,!n ,i *ose out ano!r  coil1 &1 
?r[+ x ov] "o ( ! l[] limbs ( !         
elm-tree1 clamb]$ ) "s difficulty into !
 bran*es4 ,x  w\ld h be5 v h>d climb+   
)\t ! rope2 b z ,i  c\ld ?r[ x f limb to
 limb :]e ,i c\ld n rea*1 & z  ,i 0 a   
suffici5tly exp]t gymna/ to pull myself 
up by x1 a  few seconds saw me on "o ( !

 upp] bran*es :i* _h caught  my eye f   
bel[4 ,!re 0 a battlem5t ar\nd ! top ( !
  t[]1 & ,i ?\ght if ,i c\ld secure "o  
end ( ! rope to "o  ( ! projections (   
?is battlem5t1 ,i might contrive1 by ty+
  ! o!r to ! tree1 to "w my way across4 
,i made a l>ge  slip-noose1 ga!r$ up !  
l9e l a lasso1 & ca/ x )  all my /r5g?4 
,! fir/ attempt fail$4 ,! cr[d bel[ saw 
my  object n[1 & gave a trem5d\s *e]4 ,i
 tri$ aga91 & ?is  "t ! noose caught ^u 
! battlem5t4 ,i drew up ! rope z  tight 
z ,i c\ld1 ti$ x fa/ to ! tree1 &1      
clasp+ x )  my legs & h&s1 began ! mo/  
dang]\s & difficult "p (  my ent]prise4 
,!re 0 a brea?less sil5ce bel[ z ,i     
pull$  myself across ! awful *asm4 ,i   
c\ld he> ! ro> &  crackl+ ( ! flames1 & 
! hot air & acrid smoke 7  driv5 into my
 face until ,i ?\ght ,i %\ld h fa9t$ &  
fall5 to ! gr\nd4 ,at la/ ,i rea*$ !    
battlem5t4 ,) mu*  tr\ble ,i clamb]$ ^u 
! ro(1 & :ile ! excit$  villag]s 7      
scream+ !mselves ho>se & hurrah+ l      
madm5--,i h>dly he>d _! cries at ! "t1  

b1 ) o!r  incid5ts ( t memorable        
aft]noon1 !y came to me  aft]w>d--,i    
pli$ my axe s vigor\sly t 9 a few m9utes
 ,i  _h /ripp$ (f a section ( ! ro(+1 & 
made an op5+  two or ?ree feet squ>e4 ,x
 0 too d>k n[ to di/+ui%  any?+ 9 !     
int]ior1 b ,i knew t ! plat=m on :i*  ! 
bell re/$ mu/ be "s twelve or fifte5    
feet bel[ me4  #ceb  ,fa/5+ ! second    
coil ( rope to ! battlem5t1 ,i let      
myself  d[n ?r\gh ! hole until ,i felt !
 solid plank+ "u my  feet4 ,!re 0 a     
suffocat+ odor ( fire1 b ! air 0 /ill   
pure en\gh to be brea!d )\t s]i\s       
inconv5i5ce1 grop$  ab\t 9 ! d>k until  
,i f\nd ! ladd] lead+ bel[1 &1  trembl+ 
) appreh5sion1 hurri$ d[n z fa/ z ,i 0  
able4  ,i %\t$1 b !re 0 no answ]4 ,i    
rea*$ ! l&+-/age  :]e ! ladd] /opp$ & ! 
r\gh /eps1 already m5tion$1  began1 & at
 ?is mom5t "s b>ri] :i* _h kept ! flames
  conf9$ bel[ seem$ to give way1 & a    
flood ( light /ream$  up ! /aircase4 ,i 
hurri$ on ) ! en]gy ( desp]ation4  ,:5  
,i rea*$ ! lumb]-room1 ! door-way lead+ 

into !  gall]y 0 wrapp$ 9 fire4 ,?r\gh x
 ,i c\ld see ! old organ  blaz+1 !      
planks dropp+ (f "o by "o1 & ! metal    
pipes  melt+ "u ! int5se heat4 ,! l[]   
/aircase 0 ne>ly  consum$1 & ! floor ( !
 room itself _h caught 9 sev]al  places4
 ,! dreadful gl[ reflect$ ^u ! r\gh /one
 walls  & rugg$ beams %[$ me 9 a mom5t  
:at ,i _h come to seek4  ,!re1 9 a      
remote corn] :i* ! fire _h n yet rea*$1 
0  a female =m /ret*$ s5seless on !     
floor4 ,a r\nd hat 0  ly+ beside h]1 &  
h] ri* br[n hair fell 9 graceful waves  
ov] h] neck4 ,h] :ite arms1 f :i* !     
sleeves _h fall5  back1 7 /ret*$ out    
be=e h]1 & h] f+]s clasp$ a  ros>y1 z if
 h] la/ consci\s act _h be5 a pray]4 ,i 
seiz$  h] by ! wai/1 &1 ) a /r5g? at :i*
 ,i ev5 n[  wond]1 ru%$ ) my burd5 t[>d 
! /eps :i* ,i _h j  desc5d$4 ,%e 0 /ill 
liv+4 ,i c\ld feel ! beat+ ( h]  he>t & 
! heav+ ( h] brea/1 & my joy at ?is     
discov]y  gave me fre% en]gy4 ,h[ ,i got
 h] up ! /eps ,i nev] cle>ly  knew2 b 9 
a %ort space ( "t ,i _h rea*$ ! top ( ! 

ladd] & bur/ op5 ! s+le w9d[ :i* look$  
out f !  bell-*amb]4 ,! cool air reviv$ 
h] almo/ in/antly4 ,i held  h] up = a   
mom5t by ! w9d[1 &1 z %e op5$ h] eyes  )
 a bewild]$ />e1 ,i tri$ to say a ^w to 
calm h]4 ,%e  gaz$ at me an in/ant & !n 
bur/ into te>s1 & h] head  fell =w>d on 
my %\ld]4    ,fe> no?+1 de> lady1 said  
,i1 y are safe n[4 ,collect  y\r /r5g? z
 mu* z y c4 ,i am go+ to let y d[n      
?r\gh ?is w9d[4    ,& y\rself6 %e ask$1 
/agg]+ to h] feet4    ,oh6 make y\rself 
easy ab\t me4 ,i %all foll[ y by ! same 
way4 ,y h only to keep calm1 & !re is   
little real  dang]4    ,! rope by :i* ,i
 _h desc5d$ f ! ro( 0 /ill hang+  !re4  
,i :ipp$ out my knife1 & cut x (f z high
 z ,i c\ld1  !re 0 /ill en\gh left to   
rea* )9 fifte5 feet ( !  gr\nd4 ,i ti$ x
 ar\nd h] wai/1 wrapp+ my coat ab\t x1 s
  t x might *afe h] z little z possible1
 gave x two turns  ar\nd ! w9dlass ( !  
bell to /r5g!n my hold1 & !n  %\t$ to ! 
cr[d bel[ to put up _! longe/ ladd] "u  
! w9d[4 ,a *e] told me t ,i 0 und]/ood1 

&1 be=e  ! prep>ations = ! desc5t 7 q   
f9i%$1 ,i saw a  ladd] rais$ aga9/ !    
wall1 & two or ?ree /\t fell[s  /&+     
ready to receive my burd54    #cec      
,n[1 said ,i1 y h only to be c>eful to  
keep y\rself  cle> ( ! /ones ) y\r feet2
 grasp ! rope by ?is knot  to dim9i% !  
/ra9 on y\r wai/1 & tru/ me = ! re/4    
,! w9d[ 0 s ne> ! floor t !re 0 little  
difficulty  9 h] gett+ out4 ,i brac$ my 
feet firmly aga9/ ! w9dlass1  & l[]$    
away c>efully1 b z fa/ z ,i d>$1 = !    
increas$ ro>+ ( ! flames bel[ w>n$ me t 
,i _h n a  second to lose4 ,! op5+s ,i  
_h made 9 ! ro( & w9d[  _h1 ( c\rse1    
creat$ a /rong draught 9 ! t[]1 & !     
fire 0 n[ burn+ 9 x l a furnace4 ,h]    
feet t\*$ !  topmo/ r\nd ( ! ladd] j z  
,i _h got )9 a y>d (  ! end ( ! rope4 ,a
 pair ( brawny arms receiv$ h]1 & at  t 
mom5t ! floor ( ! lumb] room & gall]y   
fell 9 )  an awful cra%2 !re 0 a lull = 
an in/ant2 !n a d5se  mass ( smoke1     
flame1 & c9d]s bur/ =?1 z if bel*$ f  a 
volcano1 & 9 less ?an a m9ute ! outside 

z well  z ! int]ior ( ! t[] 0 wrapp$ 9  
flame4 ,n soon  en\gh1 h[ev]1 to t\* :at
 ,i _h f\ght s h>d to save4 ,i  ?ank    
,god ,i _h ! pres5ce ( m9d1 :5 ,i he>d !
 cra%1 to  "k :at 0 com+2 &1 t no       
preci\s mom5ts might be lo/  9 unfa/5+ !
 rope f h] wai/1 ,i ?rew ! o!r end out  
! w9d[ ! in/ant ,i saw h] foo?old 0     
secure1 & ! m5  hurri$ h] d[n ! ladd] j 
9 "t4 ,i he>d h] utt] a cry  ( horror z 
,i sacrific$ my own means ( escape1 &1  
look+  out1 ,i saw h] c>ri$ s5seless    
away4 ,t]rible z my dang] 01  ,i c\ld n 
help notic+ ! awful gr&eur ( ! sc5e4    
,twilight _h giv5 way to night1 b ! r$  
gl>e illum9at$  ! surr\nd+ objects1 &   
?rew a flick]+1 une>?ly light  ^u !     
upturn$ faces ( ! cr[d4 ,i saw wom5     
runn+ to &  fro1 wr++ _! h&s 9 despair1 
& m5 look+ up at !  w9d[ :]e ,i /ood1 ) 
an expression ( m+l$ fright &  pity4 ,b1
 if ,i _h _h a mile ( rope1 x w\ld h be5
 (  little use to me n[4 ,! burn+ timb]s
 _h fall5 outside !  door ( ! t[]1 & ,i 
c\ld n h let myself d[n )\t  fall+ into 

! mid/ ( !m4 ,i ?\ght ( ! bell-rope2 if 
,i  c\ld get back to ! ro( ) t1 ,i might
 let myself d[n at  ! side4 ,x w\ld n be
 long en\gh to rea* ne> ! gr\nd1  b1 if 
,i escap$ ) a brok5 leg1 t w\ld be bett]
 anyh[  ?an be+ burnt to dea?4 ,i seiz$ 
! rope :]e x 0  atta*$ to ! bell1 &     
began to pull x up ?r\gh ! hole 9  !    
floor2 a few feet ( x only came away 9  
my h&2 ! re/  _h be5 consum$4 ,! smoke  
by ?is "t 0 p\r+ ?r\gh  e crack1 & !    
heat ( ! small *amb] 9 :i* ,i /ood  0 s 
int5se t ,i knew t1 too1 mu/ soon fall  
94 ,! ro(  0 ab\t twelve feet above me4 
,my la/ hope 0 to rea* x1 &  return by !
 same frightful bridge by :i* ,i _h     
work$ my way  ov]4 ,i %udd]$ to ?9k (   
tru/+ myself aga9 ^u t  dizzy cross+1 ) 
my h&s already torn & ble$+1 my bra9    
reel+1 & my eyes half-bl9d$4 ,i sprang1 
h[ev]1 ^u !  w9dlass1 & made "o desp]ate
 leap = ! hole 9 ! ro(4 ,i  j grasp$ !  
raft]s1 & z ,i did s ! planks ^u :i* ,i 
_h be5 /&+ gave way1 & ! bell & its     
plat=m sank  into ! ru9s4 ,i nev] c =get

 ! horror ( t mom5t  :51 z ,i made my   
leap1 ,i felt ! timb]s crack & fall "u  
my foot into ! blaz+ abyss4 ,= ! pres5t1
 h[ev]1 ,i 0  safe4 ,i _h got a firm    
hold1 & ) mu* ex]tion1 n]v$ by  ! /r5g? 
( desp]ation1 ,i succe$$ 9 draw+ myself 
up &  gett+ ^u ! ro(4 ,! rope-bridge 0  
/ill !re4  #ced  ,i /agg]$ t[>d x1 & z  
,i %[$ myself ov] !  battlem5ts a he>ty 
*e] w5t up f ! cr[d1 :o _h giv5  me up =
 lo/ :5 ! belfry fell 94 ,i he>d1 yet   
h>dly  he$$ !m4 ,9 ! act ( climb+ ov] ! 
p>apet1 my eye fell  ^u ! fragm5t ( !   
second rope :i* ,i _h cut away4         
,sc>cely reflect+ ^u :at ,i did1 yet ) a
 sort (  provid5tial in/9ct1 ,i loos5$ x
 f ! wall1 ti$ "o end  ar\nd my body1 & 
pass$ ! o!r ar\nd ! rope :i* _h to      
support me across ! dreadful *asm1 mak+ 
x fa/ ) a noose  :i* w\ld slip easily z 
,i pull$ myself along4 ,?us ! :ole      
weight ( my body w\ld n h to be borne by
 my disabl$  h&s4 ,?is precaution1 ,i   
believe1 0 all t sav$ me4 ,i made  !    
cross+ ) great pa91 dizzy f excitem5t & 

ov]-ex]tion1 & suff]+ int5sely f ! smoke
 & flames  :i* ! w9d 0 n[ driv+ ^u me4  
,t5 or tw5ty y>ds (  ! di/ance 7 yet to 
be pass$1 :5 ,i 0 dimly consci\s (  a   
sudd5 sway+ ( ! cr[d1 a suppress$ groan 
f _m  voices at once1 !n a quick slack5+
 ( ! rope1 a ?und]+  cra% z ( fall+     
walls1 & a quick ru% ( air t took away  
my brea?4 ,me*anically ,i tight5$ my    
grasp4 ,)\t see+1 ,i  knew :at _h       
happ5$4 ,! t[] _h fall5 94 ,x has (t5   
be5 m5tion$ h[ 9 a mom5t ( deadly p]il !
 memories (  ye>s w ru% across ! m9d ) !
 spe$ ( lightn+4 ,n[1  9 ! in/ant :ile  
,i 0 fall+ ?r\gh ! air1 ,i _h "t to     
notice ! excitem5t ( ! p1 to compreh5d  
:at _h tak5  place1 to brea! a %ort     
pray]1 & to calculate my *ances (  be+  
da%$ to pieces aga9/ ei!r ! trunk ( !   
tree or  "s ( ! l[] bran*es4 ,b ! same  
good ,"l :o _h sav$  me be=e 0 aga9 on  
my side4 ,! rope swung free (           
ob/ructions2 ,i 0 j]k$ once or twice    
back & =?2 ,i lo/  my hold2 !re 0 a %>p 
pa9 z if "s "o _h /ruck me a  trem5d\s  

bl[1 & ,i knew no m4    ,:5 ,i came to  
my s5ses aga91 x 0 ) a feel+ (          
bewild]m5t inexpressibly pa9ful4 ,i     
recogniz$ no?+ ab\t  me2 ,i rememb]$    
no?+ t _h happ5$4 ,i 0 ly+ 9 b$ 9  a    
l>ge1 *e]ful room1 s bright & pretty t x
 0 com=t  ev5 to look at x4 ,! sun 0    
/ruggl+ ?r\gh ! clos$  bl9ds1 two or    
?ree logs ( wood blaz$ 9 ! capaci\s     
fire-place1 & two luxuri\s1 great1      
*9tz-cov]$ arm*airs  /ood be=e ! he>?4  
,! walls 7 hung ) a neat fl[]$  pap]1 & 
! mantel-%elf 0 decorat$ ) curi\s old   
*9a  vases & v>i\s knick-knacks4 ,ev]y?+
 0 ! p]fection (  cleanl9ess & ord]1 yet
 no?+ look$ prim4 ,! cov]lid on  ! b$ 0 
( w>m1 h>moni\s t9ts2 ! l95 01          
beautifully  s(t & :ite2 !re 0 a table 9
 ! middle ( ! room1  cov]$ ) a bright   
clo?1 & be>+ a numb] ( books & a  di% ( 
lusci\s-look+ fruit2 & on a little /& by
 !  b$side 0 a b\quet ( r>e hot-h\se    
fl[]s4 ,"h 0 a  pleasant sc5e to op5    
"o's eyes ^u2 b :]e 0 ,i8 ,i ?rew       
myself back ^u ! pill[1 & gradually !   

ev5ts ,i h  n>rat$ 9 ! prec$+ pages %ap$
 !mselves 9 my memory4 ,i  felt v weak1 
b ,i 0 n long 9 satisfy+ myself t ,i  _h
 brok5 no bones4 ,i look$ at my w\nd$   
h&s4 ,!y 7  cov]$ ) sc>s1 b ! w\nds 7   
heal$4 ,i knew !n t  ,i mu/ h be5 ly+   
!re a pretty long "t4 ,i 0 /ill  wond]+1
 :5 ! door op5$ s(tly1 & a tidy-look+   
eld]ly woman1 ^: dress indicat$ t %e 0  
"s sort ( an  upp] s]vant1 came into !  
room4  #cee  ,%e utt]$ an exclamation ( 
pleasure :5 %e caught my eye1  & came up
 to ! b$side4    ,well1 sir1 said %e1 x 
does my he>t good to see y look+  s mu* 
bett]4 ,y've _h a h>d "t ( x1 t's !     
tru?2  b we'll soon h y up1 n[4    ,y're
 v k9d1 ,i answ]$2 anybody might get    
well 9 ?is  room2 b please tell me :]e  
,i am4    ,o sir6 y're at ,mead[brook   
,h\se4 ,miss ,=sy! _h y  fet*$ "h "r    
aft] ! fire4 ,h[ long ago 0 t8  ,ab\t   
two weeks4 ,s long6 ,i mu/ h be5 v sick4
 ,y are  v good4    ,i ?\ght %e seem$ a 
little surpris$ at ! f]vor ( my         
gratitude2 b ,i took no notice ( x1 & 0 

go+ on to ask  h] fur!r que/ions :5 %e v
 p]emptorily %ut me up4    ,n[1 t w d1  
said %e2 don't say ano!r ^w4 ,y mu/     
keep quiet = a :ile2 if y talk1 ,i'll g 
away & n come  ne> y aga94    ,j "o ?+  
m4 ,:o br\ght ^? fl[]s8    ,well1 if y  
mu/ "k1 ,miss ,=sy! h]self4 ,%e br+s !m 
e day4 ,i suppose %e'd scold if %e knew 
,i told y4 ,b n[1  keep quiet till !    
doctor comes1 &1 if he is will+1 ,i'll  
*at ) y z mu* z y please4    ,s say+1 ! 
good-natur$ nurse to ensure my sil5ce1  
left !  room4 ,b1 inde$1 ,i felt little 
desire to talk any m j  !n4 ,i _h ask$  
ab\t ! fl[]s ) a vague hope t !y  might 
h be5 cull$ by ! h& :i* ,i _h le>n$ to  
prize  s de>1 & ,i am a%am$ to say t1 :5
 ! "n ( !  excell5t old lady1 ^:        
hospitality ,i 0 receiv+ 0  m5tion$1 ,i 
turn$ my head ) a sigh ( disappo9tm5t4  
,i fell  to worry+ ab\t ! fair organi/2 
wond]+ :e!r %e _h  suff]$ any h>m f !   
p]il\s occurr5ces ( t memorable  night2 
:e!r ,i %\ld ev] meet h] aga91 & h[ we  
%\ld meet2 h[ ,i c\ld approa* h] )\t    

seem+ to presume  ^u ! s]vice ,i _h     
r5d]$2 &1 f9ally1 :y ,miss ,=sy!  %\ld h
 lavi%$ s mu* c>e & k9dness on a total  
/rang]4 ,i 0 9 ! mid/ ( su* rev]ies :5  
my nurse  return$ & u%]$ 9 ! doctor4    
,well1 ,frankl91 old fell[6 ,got y\r    
wits aga91 h y8  exclaim$ a *e]y &      
famili> voice4 ,t's "r2 n[ we'll  soon  
get y on y\r legs4    ,! doctor 0 no o!r
 ?an my old fri5d ,tom ,b[ld]4 ,he _h   
he>d ( my accid5t1 hurri$ d[n to        
,mead[brook1 tak5 entire  control ( me1 
e/abli%$ a close fri5d%ip ) ! lady (  ! 
mansion1 put himself on ! be/ ( t]ms ) !
  h\sekeep]1 ,mrs4 ,b5son1 & in/all$ h] 
z nurse1 &1 ?anks  to 8 skill &         
t5d]ness1 ,i _h pass$ safely ?r\gh a    
dang]\s crisis4 ,aft] putt+ a few       
pr(essional que/ions1 he  sat d[n by !  
b$side1 & indulg$ me ) a little         
conv]sation4    ,well1 old boy1 said he1
 ,i suppose y want to be told fir/  ab\t
 y\rself4 7,i did n2 b ,i let him g on47
 ,y've _h an  ugly "t ( x--bra9 fev] & t
 sort ( ?+1 y  "k--& x's a wond] y w]5't

 kill$ outright4 ,b y are  all "r n[1 & 
y c h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t  y sav$ "o
 ( ! prettie/ girls t ev] brea!d1 & ,i d
  believe "o ( ! be/4    #cef    ,%e is 
n hurt1 !n8    ,n a bit4    ,& y h se5  
h]8 ,is %e /ill 9 ,mead[brook8    ,se5  
h]6 ,:y1 ( c\rse ,i h4 ,h[ c\ld ,i help 
x8 ,i see h]  e day4    ,9 spite ( my   
previ\s p]plexity h[ ,i %\ld conduct    
myself if  ,i ev] met h] aga91 ,i 0 n[ s
 eag] = ! meet+ t1  weak z ,i 01 ,i     
want$ to get up at once4 ,b to ?is1 (   
c\rse1 ,doctor ,tom w\ld n li/54        
,yes2 b1 ,tom1 y mu/n't keep me "h =    
ev]4 ,i want to--to  see--,i /amm]$ &   
broke d[n--to see ,miss ,=sy!1 y  "k1 & 
?ank h] = tak+ c>e ( me4    ,all 9 good 
"t1 ,frankl94 ,i don't mean to keep y 9 
b$ mu*  long]2 & ! mom5t y are able to  
leave ! room1 ,i promise  y %all see h]1
 & make z _m ackn[l$gm5ts z y want  to4 
,= ! re/ ( ! aft]noon1 h[ev]1 y mu/ keep
 quiet4  ,!re1 n[1 y h talk$ en\gh = "o 
day4 ,good-by4 ,& s  say+1 ,tom left me 
to myself4    ,mrs4 ,b5son soon came    

back1 br++ a tray cov]$ ) a  sn[-:ite   
napk91 a b[l ( gruel1 & a glass ( w9e4  
,tom _h  evid5tly giv5 h] in/ructions2 =
 ,i c\ld n draw h] into  conv]sation1 &1
 z soon z %e _h se5 me com=tably fix$1  
%e w5t away aga94    ,! next morn+1 ,tom
 paid me an e>ly visit1 & dol$ out a few
  m scraps ( in=mation4 ,i le>n$ t ,miss
 ,=sy! _h  caus$ all my luggage to be   
br\ght f ! inn1 & t1 z  long z ,i c\ld  
be p]suad$ to rema9 9 ,mead[brook1 ,i 0 
to  make h] h\se my home4 ,y ne$ n look 
surpris$1 add$  ,b[ld]4 ,i satisfi$ h] t
 y 7 a v respectable  p]son2 &1 inde$1  
,i believe ! old lady kn[s "s ( y\r     
family4    ,well1 see "h1 ,tom2 :5 ,i 0 
out ( my head1 did ,i talk  mu*8        
,talk6 ,i %\ld ?9k y did6 ,*att]$ l a   
magpie2 rav$  ab\t r\nd hats & little   
br[n gloves1 talk$ a good deal (  lov]s'
 nons5se1 & sometimes humm$ a few b>s ( 
music--,miss  ,=sy! said x 0 a bit out (
 "o ( ,moz>t's ,masses4 ,"o day  y      
grabb$ a hold ( me1 & ask$ if ,i knew y 
_h be5  li/5+ "u ! gall]y1 & 'if %e knew

 ab\t y\r lov+  h]4' ,miss ,=sy! blu%$ l
 a rose1 & w5t out ( !  room4    ,did   
%e8 said ,i1 blu%+ n[ 9 my turn4 ,i     
don't see :at  diff]5ce t ought to make 
to h]4    ,tom op5$ 8 eyes at ?is rem>k 
9 a v curi\s way4    ,well1 said he1 ,i 
?\ght x might make a good deal (        
diff]5ce2 b ,i suppose y two "k be/4 ,n[
 ,i mu/ be (f4  ,old ,doctor ,jalap1 :o 
physics ! villag]s1 has fall5 sick      
himself1 & ,i h to take c>e ( him & 8   
pati5ts1 too4 ,i  mean to let y get up  
tomorr[1 ?\gh ,i w\ld n advise y to  g  
into ! /reets till y h got all y\r old  
/r5g?1 &  "s to sp>e4 ,! p d[n "h h got 
! prepo/]\s  idea t y're a sort ( a h]o1
 & :5ev] y %[  y\rself1 !y'll %ake y to 
dea? ) congratulations4    ,:5 ,tom _h  
gone1 ,i ?\ght a great deal ov] 8 rem>k 
ab\t  ,miss ,=sy!1 b ,i c\ld n compreh5d
 x4 ,! old lady _h  c]ta9ly be5 v k9d to
 me2 b1 ev5 if %e did "k my  family1 x 0
 unreasonable to suppose t %e %\ld take 
a  v w>m int]e/ 9 my love affairs4 ,&   
:at did ,tom mean by  say+ t we two knew

 be/8  #ceg  ,! m ,i reflect$1 ! m ,i   
got puzzl$4 ,possibly1 said ,i1  ,miss  
,=sy! kn[s ?is "y lady4 ,at any rate1   
,i'll lose no  "t 9 see+ h]4 ,i c't lie 
"h1 muddl+ my bra9s1 any  long]4 ,s ,i  
got up1 f\nd my clo!s1 dress$1 & made my
 way  d[n-/airs4 ,mrs4 ,b5son met me 9 !
 hall1 &1 ( c\rse1  began to scold2 b %e
 _h to admit t ,i seem$ /rong]1  aft]   
all1 ?an anybody suspect$ me to be1 &1  
n[ t !  mis*ief 0 done1 ,i might z well 
see ,miss ,=sy!4 ,y'll  f9d h] 9 !      
p>lor1 sir2 %e's j come 9 f ! g>d54     
,!re 0 no "o 9 ! p>lor :5 ,i ent]$ x1 b 
at !  fur!r end ( ! room 0 an op5 door  
lead+ to a  cons]vatory1 & !re ,i caught
 a glimpse ( somebody mov+  among !     
fl[]s4 ,i w5t =w>d1 & saw a lady1 ^:    
back 0  t[>d me1 9 ! act ( pluck+ a fl[]
 to add to a bun* 9  h] h&4 ,%e did n   
he> me until ,i spoke3    ,miss ,=sy!1  
,i don't "k h[ to ?ank y prop]ly =--    
,i /opp$ 9 amazem5t1 =1 z %e turn$1 ,i  
beheld n ! good  old sp9/]1 b t sweet1  
innoc5t "y face :i* _h s  long haunt$   

me4 ,%e />t$ at my voice4 ,a deep blu%  
suffus$  h] features4 ,%e hesitat$ a    
mom5t2 %e ca/ d[n h] eyes2 &  !n1 ) a   
frankness :i* 0 ev5 m *>m+ ?an h]  maid5
 mode/y1 %e sprang =w>d to meet me1 &   
plac$ bo?  h] little h&s 9 m9e4    ,i h 
no purpose ( repeat+ all ! fooli% ?+s we
 said 9  ! next half h\r4 ,?is 0 ! ,miss
 ,=sy! :o _h  wat*$ ov] my sick-room1 & 
_h run away :5 ,i rav$ ab\t  h] 9 my    
delirium4 ,x nev] occurr$ to me1 :5 ,tom
 ,b[ld]  made 8 la/ puzzl+ rem>ks1 t !re
 c\ld be any o!r  ,miss ,=sy! ?an !     
mi/ress ( ,mead[brook ,h\se4 ,my ,miss  
,=sy! 0 ! niece ( t good lady1 &1 :5 ,i 
fir/ met  h]1 _h j arriv$ 9 ,mead[brook 
on a visit = ! fir/  "t 9 h] life4 ,!   
aunt came into ! room1 aft] a :ile1 &   
,i !n _h an opportunity ( mak+ my       
int]rupt$  ackn[l$gm5ts 9 ! "r qu>t]1 & 
beg9n+ a fri5d%ip  ) h] :i* ,i look ^u z
 "o ( ! bless+s ( my life4  ,tom came   
back1 too1 be=e long1 &1 ?\gh he        
pret5d$1 at  fir/1 to scold me = break+ 
out ( b\nds be=e ,i _h be5  regul>ly    

dis*>g$ by my physician1 he mu/ h se51  
by !  sp>kle 9 my eyes & ! ela/icity :i*
 happ9ess imp>t$ to  my :ole frame1 t my
 ra%ness _h be5 ( a va/ deal (  s]vice  
to me4    ,doctor1 said ! old lady1 ,i  
?9k y & ,i mu/ let him  alone4 ,mr4     
,frankl9 seems to h *ang$ 8 physician1 &
 ,i  d>e say ,m>y1 !re1 w d him m good  
n[ ?an all !  m$ic9es 9 ! _w4    ,^u my 
^w1 ,miss ,=sy!1 ,i believe y're "r2 &1 
if  ,miss ,m>y w take c>e n to lead h]  
pati5t ?r\gh any m  fi]y furnaces1 ,i'll
 tru/ ! case to h] h&s4    ,i h only to 
add to my /ory t ! essay on ! ,law (    
,contracts 0 nev] f9i%$1 bus9ess ( a v  
engross+  nature 7includ+ a contract ( a
 peculi>ly int]e/+ k9d7  absorb+ all my 
sp>e mom5ts dur+ ! next few mon?s4 ,by !
  lib]ality ( ! eld] ,miss ,=sy! !      
little *ur* 0 soon  re/or$1 & ! a/hmatic
 organ :i* _h play$ su* a  memorable "p 
9 my life 0 replac$ by a new & excell5t 
in/rum5t4  #ceh  ,! flames1 =tunately1  
_h sp>$ ! sanctu>y & all !  re> portion 
( ! build+4 ,z soon z ! repairs 7       

f9i%$1 !re 0 a m]ry w$d+ at ,mead[brook1
 & ,fa!r  ,james gave u 8 bless+ z we   
knelt toge!r 9 ! sacr$  place :]e we _h 
s n>r[ly escap$ toge!r f a horrible     
dea?4 ,! little side-alt>1 :i* has s9ce 
be5 put up 9 !  *ur*1 0 built by my wife
 & me to commemorate our  deliv]ance4   
,once or twice a ye> we make a visit ( a
 week or s  to de> ,aunt ,=sy! at       
,mead[brook4 ,m>y & ,i nev] fail at  su*
 times to say a pray] ( ?anksgiv+ 9 !   
*ur*4 ,!n we  /ray toge!r into ! organ  
gall]y1 &1 :ile ! old  famili> /ra9s fl[
 f h] t\*1 ,i sit by h] side1 &  ?ank   
,god 9 my he>t = bless+ me ) s sweet a  
wife4    --------              ,joy ,9  
,grief4        ,f ,! ,fr5* ,( ,m>ie     
,j5na4         ,bless$ are !y t m\rn3   
= !y %all be com=t$4        ,fri5d6 9   
va9 ?y bosom hides ! %>p & cruel sword t
 w\nds x4    ,i h und]/ood ?y sil5ce1 & 
my pray] ha? /ill be5 = !e4    ,ca/ away
 ! fooli% pride t %uts ?y he>t aga9/ my 
fri5d%ip2        ,come1 & weep be=e me4 
,well ,i "k t !re are days ( heavy grief

 & lonely suff]+1    ,:5 ! s\l do? f9d 9
 solitude a grim & bitt] pleasure2    ,&
 ! ?\ghtless _w beholds its %r\d$ maje/y
 pass by x        ,pale1 & wrapp$ 9     
sil5ce4      ,!n ! fri5dly h&1 unc]ta91 
/ops & hesitates be=e x1    ,fe>+ le/   
too rudely x may draw aside ! veil (    
m\rn+3    ,!re are griefs s great &     
sacr$ t all human ?\ght & language      
,dies ^u ! ?re%old4      ,n[1 h[ev]1    
days are pa/2 & x is "t ,i came & s\ght 
!e4    ,oh6 p]mit a fri5d to %>e ! heavy
 burd5 ( ?y sorr[4    ,put ?y h& 9 m9e1 
?y we>y head ^u my he>t1 & re/ !e3      
,i h suff]$ also4      ,i w n approa* !e
 ) ^? va9 & he>tless words ( fa%ion1    
,words :i* grief receives & spurns z    
mock+ e*oes ( its wail+2    ,no1 ,i h a 
^w to :isp] t w br+ a holy com=t3       
',tis a heav5ly secret4    #cei      ,if
 ,i might1 z f an urn1 be=e ?y feet p\r 
out my treasures1    ,hope & peace w\ld 
fill ?y s\l n[ grop+ 9 despair+ d>kness4
    ,light w\ld %9e ^u ?y pa?way2 sweet 
repose w\ld m>k ?y slumb]s1             

,dreams ( happy mom5ts4      ,!re are   
pure & l(ty summits :]e ! s\l ( man     
reposes4    ',tis ! sword :i* cleaves   
our he>ts asund] op5s up ! pa?way4      
,fri5d ( m9e1 believe me t ! loss ( all 
?+s c\nts z no?+        ,if ^? heights  
be ma/]$4      ,silly bees1 we flit f   
fl[] to fl[] 9 ?is _w's pleasure-g>d52  
,dr9k+ 9 _! ri* p]fumes & ta/+ ( _!     
honey$ sweetness4    ,re/+ !re1 & liv+  
on its pass+ *>ms z if its beauty       
,7 en\gh = ev]4      ,!re we dream away 
our life1 & preci\s mom5ts pass unhe$$2 
,plac+ all our joys 9 pleasures fleet+ z
 ! summ] sun%9e1    ,joys t vani% :5 !  
ev5+ ca/s its %ad[s o'er ! g>d5         
,gone be=e ! moonlight4      ',tis :5   
robb$ ( human love2 :5 seat$ desolate & 
lonely    ,on ! wide & arid des]t1 ) no 
k9dly eye to greet u2    ,:5 ! h[l+     
tempe/ rages1 & ! frightful d>kness     
?ick5s1        ,com=t has a mean+4      
,!n ! br[ defeat has humbl$1 & ! he>t   
gr[n sick ) sorr[1    ,f9d an arm & h&  
div9e to lean ^u & be> its burd53    ,& 

! _s wrung ) angui%1 cru%$ by cruel     
disappo9tm5t1        ,s+s a hymn        
unspok54      ,:5 be=e ! lo/ "o's       
foot/eps op5s an abyss ( horror1    ,!n 
appe>s a bridge ( safety /ret*+ o'er !  
gulf's d>k passage3    ,!re1 :]e dang]  
?reat5s mo/1 & dea? m5aces1 ,god is /&+ 
,op5-arm$ to meet him4      ,:5 ! fitful
 joys ( human passion are consum$ )9 u1 
,o!r joys beg9 _! reign ( :i* ! s\l z   
yet knew no?+4    ,ah6 :at matt]1 :5 a  
brilliant /> appe>s 9 heav5 above u1    
,if ! lamp burn dimly8      ,o ?\ my/]y 
( suff]+1 deep abyss = human wond]6     
,s9ce t day :5 on a %ameful cross love  
ga9$ its greate/ triumph1    ,we beg9 to
 s\nd ?y awful dep?s1 & cat* at lea/    
fa9t glimpses        ,( ?y hidd5 mean+6 
,come1 = !re ! lesson may be le>n$ :i*  
only ,he1 ! ,ma/]1 tea*es    ,f 8 ?rone 
( tru? & wisdom4 ,at ! feet ( ,jesus    
seat$1    ,words w fall ^u our e>s t    
human lips h nev] spok5        ,words ( 
heav5's language4    #cfj      ,sword ( 
sorr[1 m9i/] ( peace1 ,i bless !e = ?y  

w\nd+6    ,pleas+ is ! pa9 ( sacrifice1 
& sweet ! te>s ( m>tyrs    ,%$ = too mu*
 joy :5 f ! eyes all e>?ly sights are   
fad+        ,9 ! light ( heav54      ,( 
^? melodies div9e1 ^? flames ( love &   
joy cele/ial1    ,( ^? floods ( rapture 
spr++ f ! lonely pla9s ( sorr[1    ,ye1 
poor1 ?\ghtless s\ls1 "k no?+1 nor h ev]
 dream$ _! pres5ce1        ,ye :o ne'er 
h suff]$4      ,man ( sorr[s6 he :o nev]
 trod ! road ( desolation1    ,he :o ha?
 n borne a cross & foll[$ !e to         
crucifixion1    ,he :o ha? n pass$ ?r\gh
 dea? unto ! day ( resurrection--       
,he ha? nev] kn[n !e4      ,bless$ are !
 m\rn]s6 ,f ! m\? ( ,tru? ^! words h    
fall54    ,bless$6 ,yes1 x mu/ be true  
inde$1 my ,god1 :5 ?\ ha/ spok54        
,welcome1 !n1 be suff]+1 welcome6 ,happy
 !y above all measure        ,:o 9 !e   
f9d com=t6    --------        ,translat$
 f ! ,fr5* ( ,l4 ,vitet4          ,!    
,pres5t ,condition ,( ,*ri/ianity ,9    
,france4      ,t ! m5 = :om ! ,*ri/ian  
fai? is b an ord9>y  belief1 a purely   

human "w1 & !re=e mortal & p]i%able1    
%\ld consid] t _! object is to be be/   
atta9$ by  sep>at+ x f ! liv+ portion ( 
our society & keep+  x seque/]$1 s to   
speak1 )9 ! circle ( retrogressive      
ideas2 t su* %\ld be s>ca/ic at ! exp5se
 ( lib]al  ,ca?olicism1 &1 look+ ^u its 
plans z *im]ical1 %\ld  triumph on le>n+
 ( its defeats1 no?+ c be m natural3  9 
s do+1 !y b c>ry out _! policy & su/a9  
_!  cause4 ,b t true ,*ri/ians & s9c]e  
believ]s %\ld =m  an alliance ) !m or   
foll[ ! same rut2 t !y %\ld  /rive to   
atta9 ! same end by oppos+ h>mony &     
reconciliation ) ! _s ( ! age1 je/+ at  
peace-mak]s1 & object+ to _! endeavors1 
n only on !  plea ( ! impracticability (
 ! s*emes1 b on ! gr\nd  t ! attempts   
made are culpable1 impi\s1 &            
sacrilegi\s2  ?is is worse ?an an error1
 worse ?an bl9dness1 &  con/itutes = !  
future ( ,*ri/ian beliefs a grave &     
al>m+ symptom4    ,!re w\ld be little   
cause = anxiety if a small portion ( !  
fai?ful1 a few *agr9$ be+s1 a few morose

 old m5 7 !  only ob/9ate adh]5ts to ^! 
views1 = "t w\ld be !  be/ rem$y 9 su* a
 case2 b d n be deceiv$1 ! masses  are  
incl9$ to ! adoption ( simil> op9ions4  
#cfa  ,conciliatory ideas are z yet only
 )9 ! rea* ( a c]ta9  lite4 ,! gr\p 9 ^:
 mid/ !y 7 born upw>d (  ?irty ye>s s9ce
 is sc>cely m num]\s n[ ?an !n1 &  is1  
p]haps1 less favorably ?\ght ( & less   
su/a9$ by !  public4 ,yet h[ _m reasons 
are !re = its m g5]al  recognition6 ,is 
n ! p>ty "u a bett] guidance ?an 9      
e>li] days8 ,:om c x t]rify by its      
tem]ity8 ,9 politics x  only aspires to 
! possession ( ! mo/ h>mless lib]ty2 9  
religion its t5d5cies are ultramontane  
only to ! ext5t  prescrib$ by fai?4     
,:at1 !n1 does x lack8 ,is its cause    
obscure1 badly def9$1 ill-def5d$8 ,nev] 
7 its traits giv5  m brilliant prom95ce4
 ,god has be/[$ ^u x def5d]s (  wondr\s 
might4 ,:5 an idea is fa!r$ by !        
indefatigable  en]gy & ov]:elm+ eloqu5ce
 ( ! ,bi%op ( ,orleans1 by  su* ma/]s ( 
spee* z ,m4 de ,montalemb]t & ,fa!r     

,lacordaire1 by writ]s su* z ,m4 ,alb]t 
de ,broglie & ,fa!r  ,gratry2 :5 "y &   
valiant *ampions1 su* z ,*>les          
,l5ormant1 ,frdric ,ozanam1 & ,h5ri     
,p]reyve h di$ 9 its  s]vice2 if x      
attract n2 if x make n great & spe$y    
conque/s2 if x secure n at once !       
approval ( !  compet5t1 & obta9 f ! p   
naught b /]ile  applause1 !re c be no   
misund]/&+1 its "t is n come1  & m5's   
m9ds are n prep>$ = its reception4 ,b   
does x  foll[ t op9ion has esp\s$ !     
oppos+ cause1 & t  ho/ility & w>f>e     
aga9/ mod]n laws & ideas are g5]ally    
favor$8 t all o!r ,*ri/ians accept      
unres]v$ly !  doctr9es ( c]ta9 viol5tly 
retrogressive j\rnals t d  religion !   
injury ( be+ reg>d$ z its confidants8   
,no2 !  masses1 by _! own in/9ct1 escape
 ! contagion (  extremi/s' op9ions2 b1  
)\t break+ (f entirely f  mod]n ideas1 !
 great majority ( ! fai?ful hold !m to  
be  dang]\s & avoid _! contact4 ,betwe5 
civil & religi\s  society !re is a m>k$ 
coldness & re/ra9t2 !re is a want  (    

confid5ce & sympa?y2 ! lea/ t c be said 
is1 t  !y live 9 two sep>ate camps4     
,?is %\ld n be4 ,we _c calculate ^u a   
new upris+ or  ^u a complete awak5+ (   
,*ri/ian belief1 unless s9c]e  concord  
betwe5 ! *ur* & society be ree/abli%$4  
,!  pres5t disagreem5t1 if prolong$1    
w\ld seem to indicate a  decl9e (       
,*ri/ianity2 x might be said t religion 
0  los+1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! k ( ! ne$s ( !  
epo*1 z well z t p[] ( rejuv5ation t =  
eighte5  c5turies has end[$ x ) su*     
unexampl$ longevity4 ,t !  pr$iction t  
prec$$ its bir? may be realiz$1 t x may 
live z long z ?is e>?1 ^u :i* no?+ lives
 & endures  )\t *ange or modification1  
mu/ x n submit to ! common  law1 &1 :ile
 rema9+ fundam5tally ! same1 be trans=m$
  & r5ew$1 sup]ficially at lea/8 ,to    
s5t5ce x to  immovability le/ "s *ange  
take place 9 its elem5ts2 to  petrify x 
t its purity may be great]1 is to       
proclaim its  ru9 & ann\nce its dea?4 ,a
 cessation ( life & a life (  le?>gy are
 ab\t ! same4    ,h[ comes x1 !n1 t1    

despite s _m causes ( al>m1 9 !  dep? ( 
our s\l we are calm1 & our fe>s are m+l$
 ) s  mu* hope8 ,d fai? )\t reason+ &   
pure in/9ct com=t  u8 ,no2 x is         
,*ri/ianity itself1 & ,*ri/ianity (     
today1  t reassures u by its acts4  #cfb
  ,not)/&+ ! disagreem5t ) ! age t h9d]s
 its  progress1 not)/&+ ! w\nds f :i* x 
suff]s1 !  coldness ) :i* x is treat$1 !
 he>ts t are clos$ to  x1 :i!rsoev] x   
p5etrates x is /ill s brimm+ ) life  &  
light1 s lavi% ( compassion & love1 x   
/ill causes "o  to %$ freely su* soo?+  
te>s1 & gives bir? to s _m  de$s (      
self-devotion1 t x is mo/ evid5t t its  
vigor is  unsubdu$4 ,! tree ab\t to die 
does n put =? su* b\ghs  & fruits4 ,!   
sap fl[s1 ! roots spread2 an et]nal y\? 
betrays itself by unmi/akable signs4    
,seek n ^! consol+  symptoms else:]e b  
by ! dome/ic fireside1 or "u !  %ad[ ( !
 alt>1 9 ! retirem5t ( ! h\se ( ,god4   
,ask  n = an (ficial & public           
explanation2 nei!r in/itutions1  nor    
laws1 no monum5ts1 nor outw>d indices   

w\ld ass]t x4 ,9  ?is respect1 ! contra/
 betwe5 ! days we live 9 & !  c5turies  
gone by is mo/ /rik+4 ,eighty ye>s s9ce1
 :ile  ,*ri/ians1 isolat$ & ap>t f ea*  
o!r1 e/rang$  !mselves m & m f ,god1    
:il/ ! belief 9 ,voltaire  reign$ at !  
bottom ( all he>ts1 society rema9$      
outw>dly  ,*ri/ian1 religion presid$ ov]
 all ! acts ( e-day life1  & hall[$ !m  
by its pres5ce & its bless+s2 ev]y?+  0 
done 9 its "n1 & its sov]eign au?ority 0
 proclaim$  ev]y:]e4 ,n[1 x is only at  
di/ant int]vals & 9 c]ta9  c]emonies 9  
:i*1 out ( m]e =ce ( habit & = purposes 
( adornm5t1 x is made to figure1 t "s   
%ad[ ( its  =m] pre/ige is all[$ x2 = ! 
rema9d] ( !  "t no allusion is made to  
x1 x is set aside z a sup]fluity  &     
avoid$ z a h9d]ance to action4 ,judg+ by
 ?is1 y w\ld  ?9k1 p]haps1 t x has fall5
 into oblivion1 t x is  =sak51 lifeless1
 & unhonor$4 ,b x is only dead 9        
appe>ance3 look m closely1 uplift !     
veil1 & y w  behold a :olly diff]5t     
condition ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:ile !  out]  

_w escapes its dom9ion1 ! _w ( m5's     
consci5ces  is be+ rega9$4 ,t :i*       
in/itutions refuse to yield to x1  s\ls 
comm5ce to accord4 ,h[ num]\s !         
rebelli\s or  p]plex$ spirits t         
gradually b[ to x & bravely summon its  
aid6 ,h[ _m tir$ he>ts are indebt$ to x 
= re/6 ,d y  n see :ole families1 hi!rto
 all b ignorant ( !  bless+s ( fai?1    
almo/ trans=m$ by a new baptism8 ,x is  
mo/ g5]ally to ! influ5ce ( *ildr5 t ^! 
metamorphoses are due4 ,! ,*ri/ian      
education :i* ?r\gh  _! m$ium obta9s    
access to ! fireside in/ills itself into
  ! m9ds ( _! p>5ts4 ,! "m le>ns ! tru?s
 t are  expla9$ to h] daught]s1 &       
becomes atta*$ to !m 9  und]/&+ !m m    
?or\ghly & act+ 9 accordance )  _!      
precepts1 ! bett] to inculcate !m2 ev5 !
 fa!r  feels ! necessity ( n int]f]+ ) !
 belief ( 8  sons by ! contradiction ( 8
 own example1 &1 hav+ become  a ,*ri/ian
 f a s5se ( duty1 rema9s a ,*ri/ian out 
(  affection4    ,?us1 )\t noise or     
clat1 by a lat5t process ^:  results    

alone are disc]nible1 fai? diffuses &   
propagates  itself4 ,c]ta9 x mu/ be t   
its ranks are swell+1 & t  ! ris+       
g5]ations1 9 furni%+ _! respective      
cont+5ts1 m ?an fill ! vacancies caus$  
by dea?1 =  almo/ all *ur*es 9 l>ge     
cities are becom+ too small =  !        
assembl$ wor%ipp]s4 ,)\t speak+ ( !     
holydays1 (  ! solemn occasions1 !      
spectacul> "* ( :i* attracts  p]haps z  
_m idl]s z !y d believ]s1 & conf9+      
ourselves to ! consid]ation ( ! ga!r+s  
at ord9>y  s]vices1 c y d5y t ye> aft]  
ye> ! att5dances are  l>g] & t !        
att5tion paid is m zeal\s8  #cfc  ,d y n
 obs]ve1 also1 h[ _m m5 m+le ) ! wom58  
,at  ! comm5cem5t ( ?is c5tury !        
appe>ance ( a man 9  *ur* 0 an ev5t4 ,n[
 x is n ev5 a subject (  a/oni%m5t2 &   
c]ta9ly we note no m$iocre triumph (    
fai?  ov] human respect :5 we record !  
return ( m5 to ! asylum  ( pray]4 ,_m   
o!r novel incid5ts ( simil> purport seem
 no  less extraord9>y1 su* z /ud5ts 9   
our s*ools & soldi]s  9 our camps       

publicly ass]t+ _! fai?2 practical      
,*ri/ians  hav+ a majority 9 ! c\ncils (
 l>ge cities & 9  faculties (           
physicians1 ?is latt] in/ance be+ a mo/ 
exceptional occurr5ce4 ,if !re 7 aught  
to be ga9$ n[adays  by pass+ = a        
,*ri/ian1 if m5 7 liv+ 9 ! age ( !      
,re/oration & _h "s *ance ( br++        
!mselves into  notice1 & be+ ( good     
s]vice to _! family by proclaim+  _!    
piety1 we might n take into acc\nt ei!r 
?is increase  ( app>5t f]vor1 or ! cr[d$
 h\ses ( wor%ip1 or !  num]\s           
communions4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n ! case2 & 
is x  n n[ a bett] policy1 if "o wi% to 
obta9 advancem5t1 to  become a          
,free-,mason1 9 pref]5ce to committ+    
"o's self by  figur+ 9 "s conf]5ce ( a  
,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul's ,society8  ,t !re 
are /ill hypocrites & false devotees1 we
 all are  agre$4 ,su* !re always w be2 b
 hypocrisy & feign$  piety are n        
fa%ionable vices4 ,9 our "t1 to ent] a  
*ur*  "o mu/ really exp]i5ce a desire to
 pray4 ,we *all5ge !  mo/ sceptical1    

giv+ !m ! privilege ( broadly criticis+ 
& prun+ z !y please1 n to recognize z   
g5u9e !  progress1 limit$ no d\bt1 b1   
nev]!less1 incontrov]tible1  ( mod]n    
,*ri/ianity4 ,besides1 !re c be appli$ a
 te/ t  w dispel all d\bts on ! subject3
 ( ! ?ree div9e  virtues1 ! mo/         
difficult ( imitation is t :i* depletes 
our purse & compels u to be g5]\s4      
,inquire ( ! cl]gy1  ! treasur]s ( !    
poor1 :at *>ity is at pres5t2 ask if x  
slumb] or decay2 or r1 if day aft] day x
 ga9 n new  p[]s ( exi/5ce 9 proportion 
z1 9 c]ta9 classes (  society1 ,*ri/ian 
s5tim5ts are awak5+4 ,ask ( ! cl]gy if  
^! tok5s ( l>gesse are only entru/$ to x
 =  reasons ( vanity1 & if ! mo/ mode/  
are n ^? :o give  mo/ lib]ally1 an      
evid5t sign t ! s\rce :5ce ! gifts  come
 is a ,*ri/ian "o4 ,no d\bt1 m5 c be/[  
mu* 9 *>ity  )\t believ+--! =m] act is  
easi] ( p]=mance ?an  ! latt]2 b true   
*>ity is1 z x 71 insep>able f !  two    
virtues ^: si/] x is3 he :o gives       
lib]ally1 hopes &  believes4    ,be ye1 

!n1 reassur$1 = ,*ri/ian fai? /ill      
endures4 ,x  lives1 labors1 & w9s ov]   
s\ls2 x has n =gott5 its old  secrets1 &
 c once aga9 become y\?ful & associate  
itself  ) ! de/9ies ( ! _w4 ,all t is   
ne$$ is to give x  "t4 ,if !re be       
hesitation on its "p to accept mod]n    
ideas1  x is n ow+ to lack or indol5ce (
 _s4 ,! fault is  fir/ to be ascrib$ to 
! age itself1 ^: explanations are s     
obscure & ^: aspirations are s          
un9telligibly express$4  ,! pr9ciples ( 
#aghi are mo/ ela/ic words4 ,:at s5se c 
be giv5 !m8 ,h[ c !y be appli$8 ,does ! 
c5tury int5d  to belong to lib]ty & its 
sev]e duties1 to ! caprices (           
demagogues1 or w\ld x be fir$ by !      
milit>y _s8 ,!  second day ( ,decemb]1 t
 p]iod ( inaction 9 our  appr5tice%ip to
 free in/itutions1 complicat$ ev5ts &   
add$  to ! p]plexity & unc]ta9ty (      
religi\s m9ds4  #cfd  ,:at 7 ! int5tions
 ( ! new empire8 ,0 x to foll[ !        
example set by its pr$ecessor1 & 0 ! _w 
to behold =  ! second "t ! papacy       

closely gu>d$ by g5s  d'armes8 ,0 x n r 
! traditions ( ,*>lemagne x  propos$ to 
con=m )1 & 0 x n to prove a v]itable    
,eldorado = ,*ri/ian beliefs8 ,?is latt]
 int5tion _h be5 s  def9itely ann\nc$1 t
 mo/ m5 7 deceiv$ by ! promise4  ,b !   
horizon is n[ becom+ cle>]2 !re is nei!r
 hope  nor gratitude to burd5 ! fai?ful 
& r5d] !m incr$ul\s  z to ! bless+s (   
lib]ty4 ,a:ile long] & !re w be  light4 
,if1 z we mu/ believe1 ! true de/9y ( ! 
age1 made  app>5t to all1 be conciliat$ 
) ! great pr9ciples  con/itut+          
,*ri/ianity2 if x m>k new progress 9 !  
advance  ( humanity1 fe> n4 ,*ri/ianity 
w n rebel1 b w  promote ! movem5t4 ,if x
 /ill live1 & o!rwise b  nom9ally--& we 
h _h pro( t life 0 n want+--x  w n lack 
intellig5ce4    ,"k y ! true cause (    
al>m1 ! true p]il8 ,x is t  ,*ri/ianity 
does n progress alone4 ,x c]ta9ly m>*es 
on &  labors2 its advance is app>5t2 & m
 app>5t1 p]haps1 are  ! conque/s1 !     
ardor1 & ! fai? ( ^? :o /ruggle4 ,by  a 
/range contradiction1 visible 9 ! case (

 ! two oppos+  =ces1 :5 "o %\ld ga9 :at 
! o!r loses1 ! /r5g?  ( nei!r is        
affect$4 ,on bo? sides ! numb]s increase
 &  ! armies proce$ onw>d4 ,:i* %all w9 
! victory8 ^:  ga9s are ! mo/ g5u9e8    
,despite ?is seem+ equality1 we d  n    
ent]ta9 ! slighte/ d\bt b t ! ,*ri/ians1
 if  !y w1 are ! ma/]s ( ! future4 ,b h[
 are !y to  secure _! triumph8 ,conc]n+ 
t we mu/ speak c&idly4    ,ere we come  
to ?is1 h[ev]1 let u1 ) ,m4 ,guizot1    
ent] !  anti-*ri/ian camp1 e/imate !    
=ces ( ! enemy1 &  exam9e ! =midable ho/
 we are call$ ^u to defeat4    ,!       
di/9ctive trait n[adays ( ! w> wag$     
aga9/  ,*ri/ianity is ! numb] & !       
div]sity ( ! oppos+  doctr9es4 ,=m]ly   
its adv]s>ies conf9$ !mselves to  seek+ 
to de/roy x3 n[ !y are m ambiti\s2 !y   
attempt  to provide = x a sub/itute4    
,h5ce ! multitude ( sy/ems1  ea* ( :i*1 
9 m or less vague or contradictory t]ms1
 is  int5d$ to elucidate ! great natural
 problems t humanity1  s9ce its bir?1   
has evolv$1 & t ,*ri/ianity has expla9$ 

) su* simplicity1 complet5ess1 &        
cle>ness4 ,^! sy/ems  d n claim to be   
religi\s2 !y m]ely flatt] !mselves t  !y
 w become satisfactory guides = man2 t  
!y w read  to him ! enigma ( ?is _w1 &  
supply all ! wants ( 8  he>t & m9d4 ,z  
!y exact nei!r sanction1 practice1 nor  
responsibility1 z !y are indulg5t 9 !   
matt] ( human  weaknesses1 _! popul>ity 
c be easily und]/ood4 ,!y h  believ]s1  
adepts1 &1 we may say1 devotees ( _!    
own4 ,"o (  ! *>act]i/ics ( mod]n       
incr$ulity is t x d5ies &  affirms      
simultane\sly4 ,no?+ is r>] 9 ^! times  
?an a  true unbeliev]1 plac+ cr$5ce 9   
lit]ally no?+1 combat+  ! fai? ( o!rs1 &
 :olly devoid ( fai? himself4 ,!        
unbeliev]s ( ! age all believe some?+3  
besides !  antipa?y !y h sworn to       
ent]ta9 = ,*ri/ianity--an  antipa?y     
con/itut+ a common fai?--ea* has a      
belief ( 8  own2 "s ackn[l$ge pan!ism1  
o!rs rationalism1 positivism1           
mat]ialism1 or ! c\ntless ramifications 
( ^! pr9cipal  doctr9es1 ea* ( :i* has  

its fai?ful adh]5ts4  #cfe  ,we d n mean
 to advance t all anti*ri/ians h esp\s$ 
! doctr9es ( philosophy1 t ea* has a    
sect1 a bann]1 or a  cr$o ( 8 own4 ,we  
%all ev5 be conv9c$ v %ortly  t ! mo/   
dang]\s oppon5ts are ^? :o d n dabble 9 
philosophy1 & :o /& up aga9/ ! progress 
( holy tru?s  by indiff]5ce & indol5ce2 
b ! simultane\s bir? ( all  ^!          
anti*ri/ian sy/ems is nev]!less a /range
 fact1 &  "o des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,tak5   
ap>t1 !y c pass by  unhe$$ _! fundam5tal
 pr9ciples are nei!r novel nor          
consi/5t6 ,:5 se5 toge!r1 h[ev]1 !irs is
 a battle array  ( a r impos+ magnitude4
 ,we und]/&1 !re=e1 all !  m readily1 t 
,m4 ,guizot1 wi%+ to e/imate ! /r5g? (  
! anti*ri/ian =ces1 %\ld h tak5 ^!      
sy/ems "o by  "o1 & submitt$ ea* to a   
c>eful exam9ation4 ,we w\ld1  h[ev]1    
miscon/rue1 we appreh5d1 8 mo/ obvi\s   
int5tion1  if we 7 to look ^u 8 sket*es 
z regul> refutations &  ex pr(esso      
treatises4 ,he has only propos$ to give 
!  measurem5t ( _! diff]5t sy/ems by    

comp>ison ) !  measur+-rod ( common     
s5se4 ,to ent] into m ?or\gh            
discussions w\ld h be5 unnecess>y2 bett]
 "w 0 left  undone1 & ,m4 ,guizot's     
preface has cle>ly express$ 8 views  on 
t po9t4 ,x matt]s little1 aft] all1 h[  
^! sy/ems  are criticis$2 ! result is ! 
same1 :e!r "o exam9e !m  sup]ficially1  
ma/] _! secrets1 or fa?om _! sci5tific  
my/]ies4 ,!re c be little diff]5ce (    
op9ion 9 reg>d to  _! value4 ,x is to _!
 advantage if !y be only glanc$ at4  ,! 
m se>*+ ! inve/igation1 ! m conclusive !
  pro( z to ! frailty ( _! =mations &   
defici5cies1  pett9ess1 impot5ce1 &     
vanity4 ,we repeat :at we said1 t we  h 
little to dread on ?is score4 ,a few    
m9ds may be won ov]1  b ! contagion1 9  
?is c\ntry1 _c spread4 ,! d>kness  (    
pan!ism1 ! dreams ( idealism1 ! dryness 
( positivism1  or ! co>s5ess (          
mat]ialism w nev] s$uce ! mass (  ,fr5* 
m9ds4 ,! al>m is great] ?an ! real      
dang]2 yet1  :5 ga!r$ toge!r1 ^! sy/ems1
 h[ev] discordant among  !mselves1 h[ev]

 mu* oppos$ to ea* o!r1 con/itute1 f  ! 
v fact t all are equally ho/ile to      
,*ri/ianity1 a  p[] :i* mu/ be tak5 into
 acc\nt4 ,!y =m a  fasces2 !irs is a    
coalition1 a league t belongs only  to  
our age4    ,is x to be suppos$ t we    
ass]t t ,*ri/ianity has ev]  lack$      
enemies1 & enemies act+ 9 conc]t 9 _!   
attacks8  ,)\t look+ f> back into its   
hi/ory1 0 n !  conc5tration ( all ! wits
 ( ! age clu/]$ "u !  lead]%ip (        
,voltaire = ! purpose ( free+ ! _w f    
religi\s sup]/ition1 an anti-*ri/ian    
league1 if ev] !re  0 "o8 ,p]haps ev5 ! 
movem5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury  seem$1 at  
fir/1 m viol5tly anti*ri/ian ?an t      
und]tak5 9 our days4 ,its det]m9ation 0 
m evid5t2 x  proce$$ direct to !        
objective po9t4 ,its weapons 7 light1  b
 !y 7 ev] 9 use1 & !re 0 no truce to !  
w>f>e4  ,x 0 a %>p fire ( irony1 a %[] (
 s>casm2 no?+ c\ld  )/& x1 no "o c\ld   
retort2 ! dread ( ridicule sil5c$  !    
bolde/2 ! panic 0 foll[$ by a g5]al r\t1
 & t]ror  0 eng5d]$ by laught]4 ,& :at  

sad results6 :at a  disa/]6  #cff  ,!   
alt>s 7 ov]?r[n1 religion 0 annihilat$1 
! cl]gy  scatt]$1 hunt$ d[n1 or put to  
dea?1 a :ole nation left  )\t temples1  
)\t pa/ors1 )\t any p]ceptible  connect+
 l9k ) heav56 ,0 n ?is en\gh8 ,:at m 0  
desir$8    ,!re c c]ta9ly be extant no  
wi% to d bett]2 b x is  int5d$ t ! "w   
%all endure1 t ! invalid %all be  f9ally
 dispos$ (1 & t any *ance ( cure or     
resurrection  %all be done away )4 ,ev5 
z aft] #ahdh ! fi]y demagogues1  :o _h  
?\ght an excell5t opportunity _h arriv$ 
to demoli%  society1 f\nd consolation = 
_! failure by proclaim+ al\d  t1 %\ld a 
simil> s]ies ( ev5ts ev] occur1 !y w\ld 
"k bett] h[ to act1 & w\ld n aga9 be    
unsuccessful 9  ! accompli%m5t ( _!     
purpose1 s ! de/roy]s (  religion take  
great c>e n to imitate ! example ( _!   
fa!rs1 ^: "w1 !y say1 0 only half done4 
,mock]y &  irony are worn-out weapons t 
w\nd b d n kill2 !y are  useful 9       
comm5c+ a w>1 b o!r & m de/ructive      
eng9es are ne$$ to end x4 ,besides1 )9 !

 pa/ sixty  ye>s ! "* & habits ( !      
public h und]gone a  decid$ *ange4 ,!   
community has become1 by lessons taught 
x at  its own exp5se1 ( a m reflective &
 sob] turn ( m9d2 x  is less easy to    
provoke its laught]1 & x does n always  
consid] a je/ an argum5t4 ,moreov]1     
d]id+ all ?+s  excites its suspicion1 &1
 9 lieu ( be+ won ov]1 x (t5  comes ne> 
be+ %ock$4 ,its new mood mu/ be compli$ 
)1 !  public's foibles mu/ be consult$1 
& its pres5t foible is1  t x %all be    
treat$ z a man1 & n z a *ild4    ,sci5ce
 is ! great ag5cy6 ,sci5ce is ! only    
guide1 ! only  au?ority ^: aid mod]n    
m9ds will+ly accept4 ,?is c be  readily 
compreh5d$2 ea* day sci5ce works s _m   
miracles1  lavi%es ^u humanity su* g5u9e
 gifts1 op5s to mank9d s  va/ a future1 
& confirms 9 s inconte/able a mann] its 
"r ( sov]eignty ov] ?is _w1 t m51 9     
return1 mu/  b[ to its decrees1 & d x   
all honor )\t blu%+ at !  homage r5d]$  
x4 ,b1 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o w\ld keep  mank9d
 sep>ate f any o!r belief1 :o w\ld      

prev5t !  recognition ( any high]       
au?ority & ( ! invisible might (  !     
,creator1 h[ t]rible a weapon is a fai? 
9 sci5ce6  ,!re=e x is t n[adays to rank
 honorably ) !  adv]s>ies ( ,*ri/ian    
belief1 to play an important "p1 to  act
 ^u ! m9ds & di/urb consci5ces1 x is n  
suffici5t  m]ely to possess "s tal5t & a
 graceful & cau/ic /yle4  ,x is necess>y
 to be erudite1 or1 at lea/1 to be held 
z su*1  ! latt] alt]native be+ less     
difficult to a*ieve1 less  r>e1 & = t v 
reason1 mu* m dang]\s4 ,=1 if           
,*ri/ianity _h to deal ) truly le>n$ &  
truly great m5  only1 %e & sci5ce w\ld  
nev] be 9 absolute opposition to  ea*   
o!r4 ,! s-call$ contradictions1 !       
irreconcilable  facts 'disappe>1 :5 !   
disputants atta9 a c]ta9 height1 z  soon
 z words be+ no long] tak5 9 _! lit]al  
s5se1 _!  _s is und]/ood1 & :5 analysis 
is br\ght to be> ^u  ! />t+-po9t ( !    
misund]/&+4 ,sci5ce1 :5 appli$  to su*  
ends1 is n only in(f5sive to ,*ri/ianity
 & !  ,scriptures1 b comes to _! aid &  

pr(f]s te/imony 9  _! favor1 sometimes  
giv+ to c]ta9 facts ( fabul\s  appe>ance
 an almo/ hi/orical "*4  #cfg  ,?us x   
came t ,cuvi] confirm$ by a mo/ rigor\s 
process (  inductive reason+ bas$ ^u    
irrefutable facts1 "s ,biblical         
n>ratives :i* believ]s only _h1 until   
!n1 accept$ out (  motives ( pure       
ob$i5ce1 & :i* indiff]5t p]sons view$  )
 suspicion1 & ! great doctors ( !       
eighte5? c5tury  laugh$ to scorn4 ,evil 
=tune1 h[ev]1 wills x1 t = e  "o ( ^!   
conciliatory1 because clairvoyant m9ds1 
= a  ,cuvi]1 a ,kepl]1 a ,leibnitz1 & a 
,newton1 !re are ?\s&s  ( m5 :o see !   
outw>d semblance only1 :o /umble ov]    
inconsi/5cies1 & :o1 (t5 )\t ill-w1 make
 use (  _! small %>e ( k 9 accompli%+ ! 
ru9 ( !  holy tru?s4 ,inde$1 !y enjoy ! 
cr$it ( ! masses z mu*  z1 & p]haps m   
?an1 ! real ma/]s2 ! public is          
cont9ually br\ght into contact ) !m2 !y 
are num]\s1  ubiquit\s1 & h associates 9
 all pr(essions2 ! race (  half-le>n$ m5
 is ! f\ndation ( humanity1 )\t tak+    

into acc\nt ! m skilful p]sons :o1 seek+
 to w9 success  at any co/1 & ev5 at !  
risk ( sc&al1 borr[ f sci5ce  ! v>ni%   
requir$ to give popul>ity to _!         
productions4  ,^! /ratagems con/itute a 
new fa%ion ( *eckmat+  ,*ri/ianity1 a   
me?od rejuv5at+ ! traditions (          
,voltaire4  ,^? ^: int5tions are wor?ie/
 are deceiv$ by x2 ! lure  ?r[n out is t
 :i* !y ne$1 a s5sible lure2 _! reason  
alone is appeal$ to1 & !y fancy t !y are
 surr5d]+  to prov5 evid5ce4 ,:at w\ld y
 h !m d8 ,!y are n  ent]ta9$ ) m]e      
/ories & epigrams1 !y are n made !      
objects ( je/s or hoaxes2 ! facts       
submitt$ to !m are  palpable4 ,s mu* !  
worse = ,*ri/ian beliefs if ^! facts    
annihilate !m6 ,c ! laws ( sci5ce be    
d5\nc$ z  =g]ies8 ,is n sci5ce tru?8    
,su* are mod]n tactics2 nei!r mock]y nor
 impati5ce1 &  great app>5t imp>tiality2
 x is no long] a skirmi%1 a sudd5       
attack1 b a siege 9 accordance ) all !  
rules ( w>2 !  citadel is surr\nd$1 !   
enemy advances1 ) ! au?ority &  "u !    

protection ( sci5ce4 ,?is is n all4 ,!  
exp]i5ce  ( ! pa/ c5tury has sugge/$ o!r
 precaution>y measures1  o!r /rategic   
movem5ts4 ,x is n[ recogniz$ t our poor 
human nature has n made suffici5t       
progress1 n ev5 9  ,france1 to feel     
happy & pr\d because ( a belief 9       
absolutely  no?+4 ,?is is a weakness =  
:i* "t w "w a cure1 b  "o :i* mu/ be    
tak5 into due consid]ation4 ,= in/ance1 
c  x be br\ght ab\t t mo/ wom5's he>ts w
 n yield to  ! necessity ( pray+ &      
believ+8 ,does n man himself1  :5 b[$   
d[n by great affliction1 feel t a       
woman's he>t is  be+ born & awak5+ )9   
him8 ,:5 dea? sep>ates him  f ^? he     
loves1 :5 he survives & suff]s1 c x be t
  he w n seek1 ) eyes upturn$ to heav51 
a little /r5g?  9 hope8 ,^! incl9ations 
& in/9cts may seem /range &  absurd1 if 
y w2 b !y are inde/ructible1 & to ?9k ( 
do+ away ) !m is a %e] loss ( "t4 ,?is  
is kn[n 9  our age1 & ! skilful pr(it by
 _! k4 ,to make havoc  = a second "t1 to
 te> d[n ! alt>s1 & p]secute !  prie/s1 

w\ld be to enact ! p>ts & d ! "w (      
dupes6  ,su* a c\rse w\ld prep>e an     
inevitable reaction1 & a c]ta9          
resurrection ( all x 0 propos$ to       
de/roy4 ,!re are none  b a few madm51 a 
few lo/ *ildr5 :o w\ld resort to su*    
sup]annuat$ measures4  #cfh  ,in/ead (  
attack+ op5ly ! ne$ = belief1 bett] to  
conqu] x by flatt]y & ! t5d] ( fasc9at+ 
compromises4  ,:y ^! onslaughts on      
,*ri/ianity8 ,:y ov]tly batt] its       
walls8 ,to please ! lib]t9es8 ,is x n q 
c]ta9 t  !y w side ) ! anti*ri/ians8 ,x 
is urg5t to please  ! simple-he>t$      
,*ri/ians only4    ,in/ead ( exhibit+ ! 
slighte/ aft]-?\ght ( opposition  to    
,*ri/ianity1 bett] to dwell ^u its      
beauties1 to draw an  admirable portrait
 ( its ,f\nd]1 to recognize him z !     
model  ( all ! virtues1 z ! type ( all  
p]fection1 to speak (  him 9 impassion$ 
& eloqu5t tones1 & 9 ex*ange = ^!  g5tle
 concessions to ask--:at8 ,a trifl+     
sacrifice1 a mode/  erratum to ! text ( 
! ,evangels1 a simple *ange (  ! value (

 a ^w1 or r ! politic & reasonable      
yield+ up ( a valueless title1 a        
worn-out p>*m5t1 a purely  nom9al lett] 
( nobility1 ! s-call$ div9ity ( t       
admirable man8 ,:y cl+ to t fiction8    
,r5\nce x1 & we  %all all be agre$4     
,reason w h no?+ m to say on !  subject4
 ,) y\rselves we w d homage to t        
wond]ful  mortal1 &1 if y w1 call him   
div9e )\t atta*+ too  mu* importance to 
! condesc5sion4 ,we w ov]look !  epi!t  
if y conc$e u ! dogma4    ,?us1 ) skill 
& a c]ta9 comm+l+ ( philosophic         
scepticism1 my/ic rev]ies1 & a feign$   
zeal = ,*ri/ian  ideas1 m5 hope n[adays 
to und]m9e ,*ri/ianity4 ,! plan (       
action is by no means novel4 ,9 t v ye> 
dur+ :i*  ,con/ant9e1 by 8 omnipot5ce1  
seem$ to h ensur$ ! peace  & security ( 
! *ur*1 9 t v ye> "o s+le man1  ) a few 
words1 ?rew ! *ur* into f> great] p]ils 
?an  7 indicat$ by ! lictors &          
execution]s ( its fi]ce/  p]secutors4   
,he1 too1 pret5d$ he only wag$ w> aga9/ 
,jesus  ,*ri/ out ( love = 8 doctr9e1 & 

despoil$ him ( 8  div9ity to gu>antee 8 
triumph1 propagate 8 bless+s1 &1  :ile  
r5d]+ fai? less difficult to acquire1 to
 satisfy  reason4 ,! compromise 0 ! same
 z t :i* is n[ put  =w>d4 ,& su* is !   
p[] ( ^! en]vat+ doctr9es  t1 ev5 9 !   
days :5 fai? 0 /ill "y & full (  life1 !
 _w fell a victim to ! deception4       
,sc>cely half a  c5tury _h gone by s9ce 
! dea? ( ,arius & ! contagion  _h ext5d$
 ?r\gh\t ! ,ori5t1 spread ov] a "p ( !  
we/1 & rea*$1 beyond ! limits ( ! ,roman
 empire ( old1  all ! rec5tly conv]t$   
b>b>ian nations4 ,look back to t  h\r ( 
crisis :5 ! de/9y ( ! _w 0 at /ake2 seek
  to guess :at 0 to happ54 ,aft] a      
consultation ( human laws1  aft] a      
calculation ( probabilities1 did n      
,*ri/ianity appe>  doom$8 ,its adv]s>y  
_h won = himself ,con/ant9e's favor1  ! 
ard5t adhesion ( ! emp]or's son1 !      
support ( all !  =ces ( ! empire1 all ! 
p[]s t /ill gov]n$ !  _w4 ,to pres]ve   
fai?1 to save f %ipwreck ! div9ity (    
,jesus ,*ri/1 a miracle1 a new          

revelation1 ano!r prea*+ (  ,/4 ,paul 7 
ne$$4 ,! miracle 0 p]=m$2 :at a man _h  
done a man undid2 ,a?anasius conqu]$    
,arius4 ,b ,*ri/ianity  _h1 nev]!less1  
seem$ ab\t to p]i%1 & mod]n ,arianism  c
 well flatt] itself t x w n[ h bett]    
=tune1 &  t an ,a?anasius1 a ,basil1 a  
,gregory1 or a ,j]ome w n ev]  be at h& 
to cru% its argum5ts & conqu] ! _w = !  
b5efit ( tru?4 ,its ?reats1 its s9i/]   
pr$ictions are n1  !n1 m]e boa/s2 !     
dang] is g5u9e2 mod]n h]esy has         
auxili>y aids t d\ble its might4  #cfi  
,x no long] /&s 9 ! ar5a1 face to face )
 or?odoxy1  & uses purely !ological     
weapons2 ! /ruggle is g5]al2  ev]ybody  
p>ticipates 9 x2 all weapons are        
effective4 ,a  =midable coalition       
attacks fai? mo/ p]si/5tly2 ! natural   
sci5ces :5 half und]/ood1 ! metaphysical
 sci5ces  conduct$ ) pride1 hi/oric     
criticism skilfully romanticiz$1  are   
=ces t unite = ! b5efit ( ! new         
,arianism4 ,c x  n be readily se5 t !   
league is f> m p[]ful &  inflicts m     

s]i\s w\nds ?an ! ironical frivolities  
br\ght into play 9 ! la/ c5tury8 ,!     
progress made is n  only evid5c$ 9 !    
tactics & armam5t2 ! gr\nd ( !  /ruggle 
itself has *ang$1 to ! enemy's          
advantage4 ,f a  ,*ri/ian /&-po9t1 x may
 be said t ,*ri/ianity is n[  dismantl$4
 ,( all ! places ( %elt]1 ( all !       
positions  :i* belong$ to ,*ri/ianity a 
hundr$ ye>s ago1 9 ! /ate1  9 !         
in/itutions & cu/oms1 ( all ! means (   
cr$it1  influ5ce1 & legitimate resi/ance
 won = x by a "r (  ages1 & ( :i* its   
adv]s>ies1 :ile d]id+ its belief1  _h no
 ?\ght ( robb+ x1 no?+ rema9s4 ,!       
levell+  p[] ( ! times has pass$ ov] !m4
 ,! attack mu/ n[ be  )/ood 9 an op5    
field4 ,if "u su* circum/ances & 9      
pres5ce ( su* p]ils ,*ri/ians op5$ n _! 
eyes1 if an  in/9ct ( self-pres]vation  
did n induce !m to come to an  und]/&+  
^u ! ess5tial po9ts ( _! fai?1 if !y    
s\ght to oppose s _m jo9t ef=ts :ile    
divid$ &  disagree+1 we say1 )\t        
hyp]bole1 t we w\ld h to b[  our heads &

 consid] ?is _w at an end1 &            
civilization1  despite its app>5t       
triumphs & pr\d hopes1 /rick5 to !  he>t
 & m5ac$ ) a prompt decl9e4 ,b h we     
rea*$ t  po9t8 ,no1 a hundr$ times no1  
if our w be aga9/ x1 & if  we und]/& !  
magnitude ( ! dang]1 its real novelty1 &
  ! novelty & y\? ne$$ to conqu] x4     
,& at ! outset let !re be no misund]/&+ 
betwe5  ,*ri/ians4 ,d n believe t       
,ca?olicism is alone involv$1  & ! sole 
excitant ( ang] & object ( ! w>f>e4 ,x  
is  ,*ri/ianity itself1 ,*ri/ian fai? 9 
its entirety1 & 9  e %ape1 t x is int5d$
 to annihilate4 ,any ,prote/ant  sect t 
accepts ! ,evangels1 )\t res]ve or      
re/rictions1  is at lea/ z op5 to       
suspicion z pure ,ca?olicism4 ,tol]ance 
& amne/y are )held1 save f t ,*ri/ianity
 :i*  believes n 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & 9 :i*
 c]ta9 pa/ors1 f  evangelical pulpits1  
n[ pr(ess a belief4 ,enlight5$ &  s9c]e 
,prote/ants ent]ta9 no long] any d\bts  
on t po9t4  ,!y h progress$ s9ce !      
sixte5? c5tury3 )\t be+  less zeal\s or 

less ard5t 9 _! belief1 !y no long]     
proclaim t ,anti*ri/ & ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
are "o & !  same ?+4 ,9 our age !       
,anti*ri/ is ! common foe2 if y  w\ld   
resi/ its onslaughts1 close up ! ranks2 
?is is no "t  = discord among bre?r54 ,!
 ,prote/ants :o are fri5dly to  !       
,evangels1 h[ev] num]\s !y may be 9     
c]ta9 /ates (  ,europe1 "k :at !y lack z
 reg>ds cohesion & unity2 !y  feel t t  
p[]ful *ur* s p]si/5tly attack$ n[adays1
  w ev] be ! true ramp>t4 ,:ile all !   
bl[s dealt fall  ^u h]1 !y brea! freely1
 = %e protects !m2 if h]  walls 7       
ov]?r[n1 !y w\ld be left def5celess4    
#cgj  ,h5ce arises among ! m f>see+ t   
solicitude :i* is  felt = all ,*ri/ian  
int]e/s )\t di/9ction1 & t  def5sive    
alliance :i* seems to be sugge/$ 9 !    
m9ds (  ^? ^: convictions z to ! ess5ce 
( ?+s are  id5tical4 ,un=tunately1 ?is  
:olly mod]n bless+1 "o ( !  few conque/s
 :i*1 9 ! moral ord] ( affairs1 might d 
honor to our age1 is n yet v widely     
dissem9at$4 ,ev5 9  ! op9ion ( ! p]sons 

:o are horror-/rick5 at !  anti*ri/ian  
coalition1 ! idea ( help+ ea* o!r1 (    
=m+ an alliance1 ( po/pon+ inte/9e /rife
 & l5d+ a  help+ h& to ea* o!r1 wakes b 
little headway4 ,habit1  prejudices1 & a
 sect>ian _s are s p[]ful6 ,if "s m5    
ca/ (f _! yoke1 if a *os5 few :o see    
ev5ts f a high]  /&-po9t take delight 9 
putt+ into practice ^! tol]ant  ideas1 d
 ! masses foll[ an _! foot/eps8 & d !   
*os5  few !mselves always set g5]\s     
examples only8 ,if x 7 only  among      
,ca?olics t ! t5d5cy to exclusion1 !    
av]sion to  s*ism c>ri$ to a =getfulness
 ( ! actual int]e/s (  fai?1 7          
obs]vable1 _m p]sons w\ld confess t !y 7
  less surpris$ ?an griev$2 = excuse c  
ev] be f\nd = !  ,ca?olic1 9 ^: def5ce x
 c be argu$ t1 if he w5t too  f> 9 t    
direction1 x 0 because he may h believ$ 
t1  by hold+ alo( & avoid+ ! contact (  
error1 he exhibit$  8 ob$i5ce & r5d]$   
himself m acceptable unto ,god6 ,b  = ! 
,prote/ant1 :at apology c be (f]$8 ,he  
:o ass]ts  s boldly 8 "r to believe :at 

he ?9ks _c take (f5ce  because 8        
neighbor does likewise4 ,! same         
intol]ance t1 9  ! "o case sadd5s u )\t 
caus+ a/oni%m5t1 %ocks u  9 ! o!r4 ,c y 
und]/& h[ x is t an educat$1 an  erudite
 ,prote/ant1 good-he>t$1 end[$ ) s\nd   
s5se1  glory+ 9 g5]\s pr9ciples1 & c>ry+
 to v en]gy 8  love & respect = "r1 z   
soon z x is sugge/$ t he  conc$e to     
,ca?olics t :i* he believes to be j &   
true  = all humanity1 ! privilege to    
wor%ip ) ! lib]ty &  ! surr\nd+s _! mode
 ( wor%ip requires1 cries out 9  dismay1
 appeals to brute =ce1 admits           
unhesitat+ly t x  decides all simil>    
que/ions1 & sanctions & r5d]s           
legitimate 9 advance all s5t5ces :i*    
maybe pass$8 ,?\gh  8 views are s5sible 
on all o!r po9ts1 on ?is subject !y  are
 devoid ( reason1 & ! man speaks ( !    
,ca?olic ,*ur*  9 ! n9ete5? c5tury z an 
inquisitor ( ! sixte5? w\ld  h spok5 (  
h]esy6 ,:at a /range spectacle1 & h[    
humiliat+ a lesson6 ,does !re exi/ a m  
ov]:elm+ pro(  ( ! pov]ty ( our         

intellect8    ,yet ! "p to be tak5 by a 
mod]n ,prote/ant1 :o w\ld s]ve          
,*ri/ianity & combat its true enemies1  
is a glori\s "o6 ,all  ?+s unite to give
 him influ5ce2 ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess to  
be/[ ^u 8 words an increase1 z x 71 (   
au?ority4 ,he  w\ld ignore & =get all   
petty passions & jeal\sy4 ,he w\ld  seek
 to br+ ab\t ! triumph ( ! div9e ^w1 to 
demon/rate its et]nal tru?1 its         
transmission ?r\gh  c5turies4 ,:y       
attempt to wre/ f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* !    
rights to :i* %e lays claim8 ,:y beset  
h] ) invidi\s  que/ions & excite capti\s
 qu>rels8 ,in/ead ( giv+  vitality to ^!
 endless suits1 w\ld x n be bett] to    
seek  to asc]ta9 on :at po9ts an        
agreem5t subsi/s1 :at dogmas  h escap$  
all controv]sy & surviv$ all /rife8 ,he 
w\ld  become atta*$ to ^! same dogmas2 9
 8 eyes !y w\ld be  ! he>t1 ! basis ( a 
,*ri/ianity ( peace & concord1  :i* no  
true ,*ri/ian c avoid def5d+1 s9ce      
necess>ily he  mu/ pr(ess allegiance to 
its doctr9es4  #cga  ,because !re 0 al>m

 = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,re=mation  ?ree       
c5turies ago1 because ! ,re=mation 0 !  
spur :i*1  to save fai?1 0 to r\se !    
*ur* f slumb]1 does x  foll[ t n[1 !    
times hav+ *ang$1 actions %\ld be !     
same8 ,mu/ x be t1 to pres]ve 9 ! pres5t
 t same  ,*ri/ian fai?1 a ,*ri/ian1     
because he *ances to be a  ,prote/ant1  
mu/ esp\se 8 fa!rs' hates1 fight only   
aga9/  ! m5 & ideas ) :i* !y /rove1 &   
rema9 idle :5  behold+ ! outbreak ( !   
conflagration :i* ?reat5s  ,*ri/ianity1 
= ! sole reason t ,ca?olicism appe>s to 
be  especially imp]ill$ by ! flames8    
,let him repudiate t  absurd inh]itance1
 let him break ) su* r\t9e views4 ,n    
only mu/ he ab/a9 f attack+1 ev5        
indirectly1 !  ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & feel no
 bitt]ness t[>d h]1 = !  simple reason t
 he und]takes a campaign 9 coop]ation ) 
h]1 & because we mu/ n fire ^u "o's     
allies2 he owes h]  /ill m1 m ?an       
respect1 m ?an m]e c\rtesies2 he mu/  d 
h] full ju/ice4 ,8 duty be x to give    
prom95ce )  frankness & loyalty to !    

great features1 ! beauties1 !  spl5dor (
 ! traditions f :i* he /&s ap>t4        
,/rictures  & res]vations w be m+l$ ) 8 
praises2 bett] /ill1  = 8 te/imony w be 
all ! m valuable4 ,:e!r he  recall !    
s]vices r5d]$ or refute vigor\sly all   
calumny1 by  tell+ ! unalloy$ tru?1 ev5 
if x be att5uat$1 he w d  m =           
,ca?olicism ?an a pr(essional panegyri/4
    ,?is is n all3 to keep ! false      
philosoph] _s at bay1 no  position c\ld 
be bett] ?an t :i* he holds4 ,he has n  
to  /ruggle aga9/ ! antipa?y eng5d]$ by 
a suppos$ ob$i5ce  to ! pr9ciple (      
au?ority2 & :5 he confesses unres]v$ly  
8 belief 9 sup]natural facts1 8 words   
are fraught ) f>  m importance ?an if he
 :o utt]$ !m 7 n trammell$  9 ! matt] ( 
free inve/igation4 ,h[ diff]5t1 too1 !  
case  :5 to ?is sup]iority are add$     
p]sonal advantages1 :5 !  ,prote/ant is 
a man ( p[]ful m9d1 accu/om$ to deal ) !
  mo/ weighty matt]s1 & reta9+1 9 !     
autumn ( life1  besides ! treasures     
g>n]$ by exp]i5ce & le>n+1 !  fecund    

ardor ( y\?4 ,?is expla9s ! *>act]i/ic  
trait (  ,m4 ,guizot's ,m$itations2 x is
 n a religi\s "w l  s _m o!rs4 ,! be/   
prie/s1 ! mo/ eloqu5t prea*]s1  !       
pr(\nde/ !ologians are afflict$ ) a     
disability =  :i* !re is no rem$y2 !y   
are pr(essional def5d]s (  religion2 !  
tru?s !y affirm seem to con/itute _!    
patrimony1 &1 :ile plead+ ! holie/ (    
suits1 !y seem to  argue 9 _! own       
behalf2 :ile a hi/orian1 a philosoph]1 a
  /atesman1 &1 above all1 a free &      
indep5d5t m9d1 :o1  aft] ripe exam9ation
 & prolong$ reflection1 & n )\t  a      
/ruggle & an ef=t1 has become a         
,*ri/ian1 & :o proves  9 broad daylight 
t nei!r 8 intellect nor 8 reason+  p[]s 
h suff]$ 9 ! lea/1 & t ! ?9k] &         
,*ri/ian live )9 him 9 p]fect concord1  
by 8 te/imony  gives c\rage to _m m51   
dispels _m d\bts1 & inspires !  falt]+ )
 firmness2 8 example is ! be/ ( s]mons &
  ! mo/ reliable mode ( propagat+ fai?4 
#cgb    ,be assur$1 nev]!less1 t rem>ks 
( disapproval w be  he>d amid ! k9dly   

greet+s4 ,!re w be opposition  manife/$ 
f ! v fir/1 & pr9cipally by ! re=m$     
wor%ipp]s4 ,! broad views & extreme     
tol]ance ( ! au?or  w n be acceptable to
 all4 ,! writ] w be told1 ,y  =sake u2 y
 are a ,ca?olic 9 _s & int5tion1 :y n   
be :olly a ,ca?olic8 ,a poor qu>rel1    
inde$1 a s+ul> fa%ion  ( return+ ?anks =
 ! mo/ fai?ful devot$ness & !  mo/      
signal s]vices6 ,9 ! matt] ( +ratitude1 
! sect>ian  _s /&s 9 ! =emo/ rank4 ,!re 
is1 !re=e1 no cause  = surprise t !     
,prote/ants ( ,p>is1 :5 occasionally    
ga!r$ ab\t ! ballot-box1 %\ld n always  
c>e to express  to ,m4 ,guizot1 by a    
unanim\s vote1 _! j & respectful  pride 
at numb]+ him among _! =ces4 ,b !n1 let 
u n  =get t1 if 9 ! op9ion ( a few      
,prote/ants ^!  ,m$itations are a trifle
 too ,ca?olic1 c]ta9 ,ca?olics  w\ld h  
!m /ill less ,prote/ant4 ,we d n ass]t t
 !  ,ca?olics1 ev5 ! mo/ exclusive1 are 
n at he>t fill$ )  e/eem & gratitude = a
 "w ( su* evid5t usefulness to !  cause 
( ,*ri/ianity2 ! e/eem & gratitude      

exhibit$ are1  h[ev]1 wre/$ f !m4 ,!y   
praise al\d ! int5tions &  c\rage ( !   
au?or2 z = ! "w itself1 !y d n  re/rict 
!mselves to prud5tly leav+ 9 obscurity !
 po9ts  9 discussion1 b involunt>ily    
all[ inopportune objections to  arise4  
,we v5ture to /ate t 9 do+ ?is !y d n   
appreciate ! circum/ances surr\nd+ u1 & 
! greatness (  ! ne$ ( alliance &       
concord =c$ ^u ,*ri/ianity by !         
=midable w> wag$ aga9/ x4 ,t 9 ord9>y   
times1 :5 !  only /ruggle 9 progress    
conc]ns ! =m & n !  f\ndation ( ?+s1    
believ]s %\ld resolve only to accept &  
extol ! productions resonant ) ! pure & 
fai?ful e*o (  _! fai?1 no?+ c be bett]2
 9 su* times ea* citiz5 (  ! ,*ri/ian   
republic may be p]mitt$ to be wat*ful ( 
!  int]e/s ( 8 prov9ce r ?an ( ^? ( 8   
c\ntry2  b1 :5 an invasion is imm95t1   
o!r em]g5cies are to be  look$ to3 !    
common safety is ! fir/ law4 ,!n is ! "t
  to welcome recruits1 :oev] !y are1    
provid$ _!  re9=cem5t w be productive ( 
good results4 ,d n deceive  y\rselves2 !

 ,*ri/ian community1 ev5 if unit$ &     
agre$ on  all po9ts1 w only j be equal  
to ! task3 = its memb]s  mu/ n only     
repel ! assailants a m]ely def5sive     
attitude  w\ld be equival5t to a p>tial 
defeat b mu/ advance &  invade1 &       
subjugate s\ls4 ,! _w is to be          
reconqu]$1 &  a m giddy1 frivol\s1 &    
somnif]\s _w1 p]haps1 ?an !  _w ( n9ete5
 c5turies ago4 ,aga91 we say t we h n   
to be al>m$ at ! anti*ri/ian w>4 ,its   
horde ( sy/ems1 its  dreams & *im]as1   
its wily contrivances & philosophic     
disord] d n fright5 u4 ,! spectacle is a
 sad "o1 b x  is n a /ate ( slumb]4 ,^u 
fev]i% activity y c br+  to be> a       
heal?ful action2 y\r v adv]s>ies favor  
y\r  cause & dead5 ! weight ( ! bl[s !y 
w\ld deal y4  ,:at timidity und]lies _! 
audacity6 ,h[ !y retreat be=e  ! mo/    
direct & inevitable consequ5ces ( _!    
doctr9es6  ,h[ !y compla9 (             
misrepres5tation :5 %[n a mirror        
reflect+ ! de=mity ( _! doctr9es6 ,let  
!m cont9ue to  speak & write1 !y b call 

=? ov]:elm+ replies2 let  !m alt] hi/ory
 & ! ,scriptures1 = !y b alt] _!  own   
au?ority & cr$5tials3 !y fall into ! pit
 !mselves  h digg$4  #cgc  ,all ?+s t   
agitate & />tle m5's m9ds1 & awak5 ev5  
9 irritat+ !m1 aid ! triumph ( tru?2    
indiff]5ce1  torpor1 ! numbness ( s\ls  
only are pr(itable to error1 &          
con/itute ! true malady ( ! age4 ,let u 
n seek to conceal  x1 its ravages are   
too pla9ly disc]nible4 ,:ile impiety1   
prop]ly speak+1 despite its app>5t      
progress & ! braz5  boa/s ( its         
cynicism1 makes b few proselytes 9 our  
mid/1  indiff]5ce increases1 ext5ds1 &  
becomes acclimatiz$4 ,x is  a contagion2
 :osoev] is affect$ leads a m]e e>?ly   
life1 &  is engross$ by no?+ save       
mundane c>es1 bus9ess1 &  pleasure2 !   
great problems ( our de/9y1 ! wondr\s   
my/]ies con/itut+ our torm5t & our      
honor1 exi/ n =  him2 he only recognizes
 & cultivates 8 co>se & frivol\s        
in/9cts2 ! div9e portion ( 8 be+ is 9 a 
/ate ( utt]  le?>gy4 ,"h & !re1 among ! 

indiff]5t1 y meet a few  agitat$ he>ts &
 p]plex$ spirits4 ,p]plexity is to      
indiff]5ce z twilight to d>kness1 an    
unc]ta9 light t  /ruggles ) ! gloom1    
sometimes conqu]+ & sometimes  conqu]$4 
,no?+ c be less decisive ?an a victory  
won ov]  su* a _s4 ,! escape ( p]plex$  
m9ds is effect$ z  quickly z 0          
accompli%$ _! capture4 ,nev] m9d2 w\ld  
to  ,god t ev5 su* a condition ( s\ls 7 
! great] evil6 ,x  is t[>d indiff]5ce1 t
 is to say1 t[>d no?+ness &  dea?1 t all
 ?+s incl9e our foot/eps4    ,inquiry 0 
made1 a %ort "t s9ce1 z to ! pres5t     
condition  ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,france4     
,numb] ^? :o occupy ! two  ho/ile camps 
9 :i* a remnant ( life /ill ass]ts      
itself1 9  "o camp = ! purpose (        
attack+1 9 ! o!r = !  purpose ( def5d+1 
,*ri/ian fai?2 !n1 beyond ! limits (  ! 
two1 behold1 :at rema9s8 ,!re1 are ga!r$
 cr[ds  unnumb]$1 in]t1 inanimate1 =m+1 
z x 71 a great  des]t1 a ,dead ,sea     
un9habit$ by any liv+ ?+4 ,!re lies  !  
_w to be reconqu]$2 su* are ! m5 :o are 

to be  reclaim$4 ,h[ act ^u !m8 h[ move 
_! he>ts8 h[ ga9  ma/]y ov] !m8 ,9 ^!   
que/ions lies ! secret ( !  future4     
,seek1 !n1 & try to asc]ta9 ! mo/       
reliable means (  act+ ^u ^! ?\ghtless  
mortals4 ,is ! "w to be  accompli%$ by  
practices ( high piety & by productions 
int5d$ = ! edification ( skill$         
believ]s8 ,?9k y t  at once y w *ange !m
 into ?or\ghly fai?ful ,*ri/ians8  t y w
 in/antly inspire !m ) a holy f]vor8    
,only to  speak ! language ( pure       
dev\tness1 to keep 9 unison ) !         
utt]ances ( ! ve/ry-room1 is to wa/e "t4
 ,climb !  heights1 display ! brilliancy
 ( ^? univ]sal tru?s 9  ^: pres5ce e be+
 gift$ ) reason & accessible to         
reflection feels compell$ to b5d ! knee4
 ,x is by exhibit+  9 all _! gr&eur1 9  
all _! primitive beauty1 ! bases  ( our 
fai?1 t s\ls c be attract$ to seek !m = 
%elt]4 ,! "w to :i* we allude excels 9  
?is respect4 ,m4  ,guizot's ,m$itations 
?r[ light ^u ! my/]i\s  summits :i*1 9 !
 eyes ( ! torpid1 appe> ov]hung by  ?ick

 & imp5etrable fogs4 ,!y give ^! m5 a   
desire to  exam9e !m m closely4 ,9 a ^w1
 ?\gh ! "w may n  satisfy simultane\sly1
 9 ea* communion1 all :o are possess$  (
 a def9ite belief1 x is end[$ ) a m     
preci\s virtue  ^u ! excell5ce ( :i* we 
c dwell ! m  consci5ti\sly1 z hav+ view$
 its effects3 x moves !  indiff]5t4     
#cgd    ,m ?an ?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be done4 
,h[ev] p[]ful 9 /yle  & ?\ght a book may
 be1 x c only1 9 ! pres5t crisis1  cle> 
! road4 ,to make great] headway1 to     
effect a m  decisive advance1 to act ^u 
! masses & r\se !m f  _! slumb]1 o!r    
ag5cies ?an books are necess>y1 &  de$s1
 examples1 /rik+ evid5ce1 & inconte/able
 pro(s (  abnegation1 devot$ness1 *>ity1
 & sacrifices are requir$4  ,^! are !   
s]mons t awak5 s\ls2 ^! ! weapons t     
triumph ov] ! _w1 h[ev] c>eless1        
frivol\s1 & h>d5$  x may be4 ,9 days    
by-gone1 !y conqu]$ ! m5 :o wore !      
,roman toga & ! r\gh habits ( !         
b>b>ians2 9 ?is  c5tury1 !y are /ill !  
only means ( conque/4--,:at d we  ask8  

,:at are we ?9k+ (8 ,prea*+ by de$s6 ,! 
apo/le%ip  ( ! e>ly ages6 ,real apo/les1
 h]oic confessors1 if ne$$1  m>tyrs6 ,9 
our times6 ,is x possible8--,:y n8 ,:at 
contradiction & surprise b c be look$ = 
n[adays8 ,is x  n ! de/9y ( ! age to    
c>ry ev]y?+ to extremes1 to be  zeal\s =
 evil & ev5 = good1 to be sway$ 9 turn  
or  simultane\sly by all curr5ts1 & to  
subscribe to ! mo/  irreconcilable      
pr9ciples8 ,j because ! _w appe>s to h  
fall5 almo/ to ! l[e/ degree (          
depression1 j because x  s9ks m deeply f
 day to day1 !re is a *ance t a  sublime
 & imm$iate reaction may occur4 ,0      
imp]ial ,rome less  corrupt1 less       
effem9ate1 less docile :ile ! av5g]s &  
re/or]s ( human dignity1 ! future ma/]s 
( ! _w1 7  at "w b5ea? h] f\ndations8   
,be reassur$1 ev5 9 ^! days  ( d\bt &   
egotism1 a true & great resurrection (  
,*ri/ianity 9 ,france is n a ,utopian   
vision4 ,n only is su*  a miracle       
possible1 b we may decl>e x necess>y4   
,ei!r we mu/ suppose t we are ne>+ ! la/

 phase ( !  developm5t ( humanity2 t !  
n[ comm5c+ decad5ce w  be ! la/2 t1     
unlike s _m decl9es t h prec$$ x1  ?is  
late/ decl9e w h no place ( /oppage1 no 
new bir?2  t an unbrok5 slope is lead+  
irresi/ibly to ! ru9 &  debasem5t ( our 
race1 or we mu/ )\t delay f9d means (   
re/itut+ to ! masses religi\s fai?4 ,:at
 has democracy  ga9$ by triumph+ & be+  
ab\t to become ! sov]eign  mi/ress ( !  
:ole _w1 if x _c ma9ta9 & hold sway  ov]
 its conque/ simply because x _c rule & 
gov]n  itself8 ,democracy1 )\t ! brake (
 religion1 )\t o!r  protection ?an t    
af=d$ by indep5d5t morality1 is a       
swoll5 torr5t1 an>*y1 despotism1 & a    
return to b>b>ism4  ,b :5 ! brake is old
 & %att]$1 h[ replace x8 ,no "o  c      
create a religi\s fai?1 x 7 folly to    
attempt x4 ,su*  *im]ically creat$ ?+s  
c\ld nev] be aught b impot5t  p>odies4  
,b :y seek s f> t :i* is ne> at h&8 ,!  
new  fai? ^: adv5t is await$1 & hop$1 & 
call$ = )  su* eag]ness is "h2 we       
possess x2 x is ,*ri/ianity itself1  ev]

 novel if we b "k h[ to compreh5d its   
et]nal light1  & if we "k ourselves h[  
to be novel4 ,x is n ! object (  !      
belief t is to be remodell$1 b ! r\t9e (
  believ]s4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 itself1 is z 
y\?ful z at its  bir?2 t :i* is         
sup]annuat$ is t :i* does n belong  to  
x1 t e>?ly ru/ ) :i* x has be5 incru/$  
by its  int]pret]s1 its m9i/]s1 & its   
s]vants 9 all ages4 ,(  ?is x mu/ be    
rid2 its orig9al appe>ance & p[] mu/ be 
re/or$4 ,by :at process8 ,by us+ = its  
ree/abli%m5t !  means :i* 7 =m]ly       
employ$ ) success to lay its  f\ndation4
  #cge  ,! det]m9ation is a viol5t "o1  
yet !re mu/ be no half  measures2 an    
attempt 9 any o!r direction w\ld be     
illusory &  va94 ,to proce$ halfway1 to 
sp>e abuses1 flatt] habit1 &  improve ! 
surface ( ?+s only1 w\ld be to make     
,*ri/ianity  "o ( ^? edifices :i* are   
kept /&+ by props & by  cem5t+ ! cracks 
9 ! walls3 x w\ld be z well to let x    
tott] & fall to ! gr\nd at once4 ,to    
give x back true  p[]1 true /ability1 t 

x may defy ! %ocks ( a long  s]ies (    
ye>s1 !re is b "o c\rse to adopt3 to    
beg9 !  "w anew4    ,let ! *ur*1 !n1 be 
c\rage\s2 let h] beg9 aga91 ev5 z  %e   
comm5c$1 & ) ! same mode/y & hol9ess2   
let h] be  *a/e1 au/]e1 labori\s1 le>n$1
 intellig5t1 & free2  )\t ta/e = honors1
 )\t c>e = weal?2 lavi% ( h]  pa9s1 h]  
blood1 & h] te>s2 z indep5d5t t[>d !    
mighty  z %e is indulg5t & t5d] = !     
weak4 ,let h] advance1  ?us arm$1 /ep by
 /ep1 approa*+ s\ls1 & s\ls only1 &  !  
_w w aga9 be h]s4 ,!re is no            
miscalculation to be  fe>$1 ! same      
causes w h id5tical effects2 b ha/51    
lose n an h\r1 ! mom5t is a solemn "o4  
,let ! cry1 ,!  *ur* is beg9n+ anew1 be 
n a va9 ^w1 & let n its  results be     
t>dy4 ,?9k n ( honor+ ,god by rais+ to !
  heav5s pr\d cupolas1 & mak+ = him a   
dwell+ 9 palaces  glitt]+ ) gold &      
m>ble2 x is ar\nd ! mang]1 9 !  grotto (
 ,be?lehem1 t ! pa/ors %\ld be convok$4 
,let all  true ,*ri/ians1 all sons ( !  
*ur*1 "k & proclaim x3 on  !m ev]y?+    

dep5ds1 ?r\gh !m all ?+s are possible1  
^u !m all ?+s re/2 9 _! h&s lies n only 
! fate  ( _! belov$ & v5]at$ belief1 b !
 future ( !  civiliz$ _w4    --------   
,ritualism ,& ,its ,true ,mean+4        
,we h _h ! pleasure ( read+ an article  
on ! subject (  ritualism by ! ,rev4    
,dr4 ,dix1 rector ( ,tr9ity *ur* 9 ?is  
city4 ,?is article1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,july
 numb] ( !  ,galaxy1 sugge/$ to our m9ds
 "s v int]e/+ &  practical reflections4 
,x is und]/ood t ! respect$ doctor  :o  
holds s important a position 9 8 own    
*ur* is "o ( !  pr9cipal support]s ( !  
movem5t 9 reg>d to :i* he  writes4      
,al?\gh he does n yet introduce into    
,tr9ity *ur*  & its *apels ! ext]nal    
obs]vances ( ! rituali/s :i*  he        
comm5ds1 /ill x is 8 desire to d s at ! 
fir/  practicable mom5t4 ,! weight ( 8  
"* & influ5ce is  giv5 to ! re/oration (
 ^? rites & c]emonies :i* 7  dropp$ at !
 ,prote/ant ,re=mation ?r\gh ! undue =ce
 (  ,calv9ism & :at he calls religi\s   
radicalism4 ,:e!r he w  succe$ is a "q  

:i* ! m9i/]s & influ5tial laym5  ( 8 own
 *ur* c bett] answ] ?an we c4 ,9 exam9+ 
8  article c>efully1 we ?9k !re is a    
slight want ( c&or on  "o or two po9ts1 
& "s misund]/&+ ^u o!rs4  #cgf  ,=      
example1 he disclaims ! popul> use ( !  
^w  ritualism1 & says1 ,x has lo/ its   
respectability1 & has  become a slang   
expression4 ,! unlucky ^w is b&i$ ab\t  
till  x mu/ h lo/ all p]ception ( its   
own id5tity4 ,h5ce1 we  respectfully    
decl9e ! attempt to say :at ! ^w        
'ritualism'  means1 z n[ lo/ & m]g$ 9 ! 
category ( cant & slang4  ,n[1 z f> z we
 are able to judge1 we really believe t 
!  majority ( p call ?+s by _! "r names1
 & t !  public c h no end to ga9 by any 
o!r c\rse4 ,x may be  t ! ,episcopalians
 are n =be>+ en\gh t[>d ^? (  _! bre?r5 
:o w\ld innovate ^u _! e/abli%$ =ms (   
wor%ip2 b !y _c be f\nd fault ) if !y   
are  surpris$ & (f5d$ at *anges :i* are 
s radical4 ,if !y  use h>% language 9 ! 
controv]sy1 !y are n to be  excus$1 = no
 good ev] arises f acrimony1 or !       

=getfulness ( ! dec5cies ( life4 ,yet c 
any hone/ man  say t he does n "k :at !y
 mean to attack1 or t he  _c expla9 :at 
ritualism is8 ,! def9ition :i* !  rev]5d
 doctor gives is h>dly adequate1 because
 x includes all  mank9d1 s9ce1 accord+  
to 8 t]ms1 !re is no "o :o is  n a      
rituali/4 ,!re is no necessity ( prov+ t
 all  religions h _h _! rites &         
c]emonies1 = !re is no  "o :o w d5y s   
well receiv$ a fact4 ,we mu/ take ! ^w  
9 its popul> acceptation2 & x simply    
ref]s to ^? :o are  n[ endeavor+ to     
introduce great *anges 9 ! wor%ip ( !   
,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 :o are us+ 
ve/m5ts nev] kn[n  9 _! communion = at  
lea/ ?ree c5turies1 & :o1 9  doctr9e &  
outw>d obs]vance1 are approa*+ z ne>ly z
  possible ! "t-hall[$ c]emonial ( !    
,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,:e!r !y are 9 ! "r or 
9 ! wrong is ano!r  "q2 ! "n by :i* !y  
are call$ may be appropriate or  n1 b x 
has a pla9 signification4 ,e "o c und]/&
  x1 & we d n see 9 x any?+ abusive or  
un*>itable4    ,aft] object+ to ! t]m   

rituali/1 ,dr4 ,dix proce$s to  def5d at
 "s l5g? ! c\rse ( ^? :o be> ?is "n1 &  
8 view is easily summ$ up1 & we he> x n[
 = ab\t !  ?\s&? "t 9 our life3      ,! 
,*ri/ian disp5sation is b\nd$1 on ! "o  
side1 by !    magnific5t ritualism (    
,israel1 &1 on ! o!r1 by !    analog\s &
 n less gl[+ ritualism ( heav54 ,=      
fifte5    hundr$ ye>s 7aft] ,*ri/7 !re 0
 no rituali/ic    controv]sy des]v+ !   
"n4 ,9 g5]al features1 div9e    wor%ip 0
 ! same ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,b errors &       
abuses crept into ! *ur*1 & ^! became   
symboliz$ 9    novel rites & practices1 
by :i* ritual became1 9 "s    respects1 
defil$ & corrupt$4 ,!n came ! ,re=mation
 9    ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,t movem5t did n
 affect ! ,ea/]n    portions (          
,*ri/5dom2 9 ,greece & ,russia ! old    
traditions may be trac$1 al?\gh "u a    
load ( useless    c]emonies1 back to !  
comm5cem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 444        
,look+ ab\t ! _w1 we see1 9 ! ,ea/]n "p 
(    ,*ri/5dom1 an anci5t ritual 9 use1 
v ornate1 v    symbolical1 & full (     

rem9isc5ces ( ! old *ur* (    ,israel2 !
 mitre1 ! icona/asis1 ! veil1 ! lamps1 !
    inc5se1 are direct heirlooms f t    
v5]able pa/4 ,9 !    ,we/1 ! ,roman     
,ca?olic ,*ri/ians exhibit 9 _! ritual a
    sy/em ess5tially modifi$ by lat]    
ideas1 & express+ !    dogmas :i* by    
degrees h accumulat$ ar\nd _! once pure 
cre$4    ,"h ! rev]5d doctor seems to   
labor "u a /range  misund]/&+1 &        
evid5tly has tak5 no pa9s to exam9e =   
himself ! ori5tal liturgies4 ,!re is no 
sub/antial  diff]5ce :atev] betwe5 !    
liturgies ( ! ,ea/ & ^?  ( ! ,we/4 ,all 
conta9 ! same ess5tial p>ts1 & are      
probably ( apo/olic orig94  #cgg        
,:atev] corruption belongs to ! ,roman  
rite1 9 ! ,prote/ant  s5se ( ! t]m1     
belongs likewise to ! ,ea/]n rites4 ,z =
  ! c]emonies n[ 9 use 9 reg>d to !     
sacram5ts & popul>  devotions1 !re may  
be "s diff]5ce1 b x is 9 favor (  !     
,we/1 ev5 f ! ,prote/ant po9t ( view4 ,!
 ,ea/]n  *ur*es pay z mu* honor to !    
,bless$ ,"m ( ,god & to  ! sa9ts z we d1

 & 9 _! expressions are fully z  f]v5t4 
,! attempt1 !re=e1 to make a di/9ction  
betwe5  ! ,ea/ & ,we/1 z if ! ori5tal   
*ur*es 7 m 9  sympa?y ) ! re=m$ doctr9es
 ?an ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 is  s+ul>ly      
futile1 because n support$ by ! lea/    
%ad[ (  fact4 ,besides1 z we %all see 9 
?is article1 ! rituali/s  draw all _!   
own rites & c]emonies f u1 & recomm5d  =
 ! use ( _! own *ur* ! v words ( !      
,roman  ,missal4 ,if 9 _! view we _h    
become s corrupt1 :y h !y  tak5 =       
!mselves ! ritual :i* ! doctor says is  
ess5tially modifi$ by lat] ideas8 ,we   
are conv9c$ t !  ass]tions we h quot$ w 
nev] /& ! te/ (  exam9ation or ( hone/  
common s5se4    ,aga91 ,dr4 ,dix says t 
!re 0 a p]ceptible v>iance (  op9ion    
betwe5 ! ,engli% re=m]s & ! ,lu!ran &   
,calv9i/ic communities4 ,to use 8 own   
words3 ,! movem5t (  ! ,re=mation 9     
,engl& 0 9 ! mo/ cauti\sly  cons]vative 
*annel4 ,:at !y aim$ at 01 to reta9 all 
t  0 truly ,ca?olic1 & to reject only   
:at 0 di/9ctively  ,roman4 ,we d n      

believe t ^! ass]tions c be made good   
by ! mo/ +5i\s int]pretation ( hi/ory4  
,! ,engli%  lead]s ( ! re=m 7 c]ta9ly 9 
close connection ) !  cont95tal tea*]s1 
& drew _! inspiration f !m4 ,t  9 ,engl&
 m ( ! ext]ior ( ! anci5t *ur* 0  reta9$
 01 we ?9k1 ow+ to ! p]t9acity ( ! c\rt1
  m ?an to ! cons]vative views ( ,cranm]
 & 8  co-labor]s4 ,h5ry ,,viii4 0       
inexorable on _m po9ts dur+ 8  s+ul>ly  
exempl>y life4 ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 pliant    
en\gh1  b ! *ur* & p>liam5t 7 n         
suffici5tly advanc$ to  foll[ all l5g?s 
9 ! wake ( ,lu!r & ,calv92 & !  tru?1 is
 t ! ,engli% ,*ur* _h no?+ to d ) !     
,re=mation b to be> x1 & by x to lose   
all its lib]ties4  ,x is a pat5t fact t 
! voice ( convocation1 ! only "o  :i*   
c\ld speak = ! ecclesia/ical body1 0    
hu%$ by  ,h5ry ,,viii41 & t ! re=m 0    
c>ri$ on by ! k+ &  8 p>liam5t4 ,if !   
fir/ pray]-book ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 0 s      
p]fect1 :y did n ! cauti\sly cons]vative
 movem5t /op  ) t mo/ p]fect specim5 ( a
 re=m$ ,ca?olic  liturgy8 :y are ! poor 

,calv9i/s to be blam$ = foll[+  _! own  
consci5ces1 & = ask+ = a revision ( !   
liturgy8 ,t !y 7 successful is a pro(1  
at lea/1 t  !y _h great influ5ce 9 !    
,engli% ,*ur*1 & t !  ,re=mation 0 n s  
cauti\sly cons]vative4    ,z = !        
,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ! doctor   
tells u t  x is 9 an in*oate /ate1 :]e  
all its compon5t elem5ts are  9 fusion4 
,only eighty-two ye>s h elaps$ s9ce !   
fir/  ,am]ican bi%op 0 consecrat$2 ^!   
ye>s h be5  =mative2 usages & cu/oms h  
be5 und]go+  cont9ual *anges1 & m5 h be5
 feel+ _! way1 "u  circum/ances 9 :i*1  
s9ce ! "t ( ,con/ant9e1 no  national    
bran* ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has be5 plac$4 
,is ?is really ! case8 ,h ,episcopalians
 no settl$ =ms (  wor%ip1 & no fix$     
cre$8  #cgh  ,we always 7 l$ to suppose 
t t cons]vative body (  ,*ri/ians 7     
decid$ly fix$ 9 _! ho/ility ( he>t to   
,romanism1 & :at may be call$ extreme   
,prote/antism4 ,is x n  s8 ,is ! ,book (
 ,common ,pray] no e/abli%$ rule = !    
ord] ( div9e wor%ip8 ,are ! ,?irty-n9e  

,articles1 to :i*  e m9i/] effectually  
subscribes1 no rule ( fai? :atev]8  ,are
 all ,episcopalians feel+ _! way to     
some?+ settl$ 9  fai? & wor%ip8 ,if su* 
is ! case1 we h be5 /rangely  mis9=m$1 &
 h s+ul>ly mis9t]pret$ ! decisions (    
bi%ops & conv5tions4 ,! ,episcopalian   
cl]gy & laity c  settle ?is matt] bett] 
?an we c1 & !re=e we leave its  solution
 to !m4 ,b1 to ,ca?olic eyes1 ^! =mative
 ye>s  seem only l ! con/ant *anges :i* 
are ev] pass+ ov]  all ,prote/ant       
bodies1 & :i* inh]e 9 e m]ely human     
organization4 ,& we mu/ say t1 z f> z we
 "k1 ?\gh !  fai? ( ,episcopalians may  
diff] v mu*1 _! ext]nal  wor%ip is      
pla9ly en\gh fix$ by rubrics & canons ^:
  mean+ c h>dly be misund]/ood4 ,we pay 
! highe/ tribute  ( respect to ,rev4    
,dr4 ,dix & 8 fri5ds1 & we give ?anks to
  ,god = ! light & grace he has giv5 !m2
 b tru? obliges  u to say t _! :ole     
movem5t 7if x be s9c]e1 z we are  b\nd  
to believe7 is away f _! own *ur* ) its 
rites  & c]emonies1 & t[>d ! old fai? & 

! old home (  ,*ri/ians4 ,may ! div9e   
m]cy p]fect t :i* has be5  begun1 & :i* 
gives su* promise ( conv]sion to ! tru?4
  ,we deeply sympa?ize ) ! rituali/s1 & 
pray = !m  cont9ually1 t !y may n falt] 
on ! pa? !y h begun  to tread1 t !y may 
p]sev]e amid all disc\ragem5ts &        
temptations until !y rea* _! ,fa!r's    
h\se1 :]e !  light ( fai? %9es )\t a    
%ad[4    ,hav+ made ^! prelim9>y rem>ks1
 we proce$ to ! object  ( ?is %ort      
essay1 & %all endeavor to make manife/  
:at  ritualism is & :at is its true     
mean+4 ,we believe x to be a  mo/       
important movem5t1 :i* by ,god's grace w
 lead _m  s\ls to ! full possession ( ! 
tru?4 ,we consid] x z  simply an hone/ &
 s9c]e attempt to introduce into !      
,engli% ,*ur* & ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal 
,*ur*1 ! mo/  ess5tial doctr9es ( !     
,ca?olic religion1 & to re/ore !  wor%ip
 :i* pass$ away at ! ,re=mation ) !     
rejection  ( ! anci5t fai?4 ,x does n   
seem to u t any c&id  p]son c long be a 
rituali/ )\t becom+ ,ca?olic4 ,our      

purpose is1 !n1 to make ?is evid5t to ! 
public by !  simple pres5tation ( facts4
 ,x w be v int]e/+ bo? to  ,ca?olics &  
,prote/ants to "k ! real doctr9e &      
practices  ( ! uphold]s ( "o ( ! mo/    
/rik+ movem5ts ( our  day4 ,we w1 = !   
sake ( ord] & cle>ness1 speak 9  detail 
( ! sacrifice ( ! ,mass & ! bless$      
,eu*>i/1 (  auricul> confession1 ( o!r  
sacram5tal obs]vances1 & (  religi\s    
communities4 ,be=e proce$+ to ^!        
subjects1  h[ev]1 we reproduce & affirm 
! five po9ts ( ,rev4 ,dr4 ,dix1  :i* we 
%all h 9 view z fix$ pr9ciples3         
,fir/4 ,!re mu/ be ritual ( "s k9d :]e  
!re is    religion4      ,second4 ,!re  
is ! cle>e/ argum5t f ,holy ,scripture &
    ecclesia/ical hi/ory 9 favor ( a    
beautiful & impressive    ritualism1 z a
 p[]ful ag5cy on m5 = _! good4          
,?ird4 ,su* ritualism mu/ be a tea*]2 x 
mu/ symbolize    some?+1 & express z    
=cibly z possible :at x    symbolizes2 a
 ritualism )\t a mean+1 & repres5t+ no  
tru? :i* ! intellect c grasp1 is b a    

piece ( trifl+    & a %am4    #cgi      
,f\r?4 ,ritual mu/ tea* tru?1 pure &    
unadult]at$ tru?2    ,god's tru?1 :i* he
 has reveal$ to man4      ,fif?4 ,p %\ld
 try to discuss ! subject ) calmness4   
,!y %\ld n look at x 9 a p>ty light2 !y 
_h bett]    keep cle> ( ! agitators1 ^: 
aim x is to excite vague    fe>s1 &     
affright ! un9/ruct$ ) awful disclosures
 (    conspiracy aga9/ ! simplicity ( _!
 fai? & ! purity    ( _! wor%ip2 &      
especially %\ld !y rememb] t    !re is  
sup]/ition 9 defect z well z 9 excess4  
#a4 ,rituali/s are believ]s 9 !         
sacrifice ( ! ,mass & !  real pres5ce ( 
our ,"l 9 ! holy ,eu*>i/4 ,! ,communion 
s]vice1 in/ead1 !re=e1 ( be+ simply an  
affect+  memorial ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 is    
trans=m$ into a true & prop]  sacrifice1
 9 :i* he is really pres5t "u ! =ms (   
bread  & w9e1 & is (f]$ = ! liv+ & !    
dead4 ,!  adaptation ( ! old =ms ( !    
pray]-book to a view s  ,ca?olic z ?is  
requires _m alt]ations 9 rubrics & 9 !  
introduction ( new matt]4 ,we %all quote

 f a book call$ !  ,notitia ,liturgica1 
:i* is ! receiv$ ord] ( s]vice1  &      
conta9s1 accord+ to its title1 brief    
directions = !  adm9i/ration ( !        
sacram5ts1 & ! celebration ( !  div9e   
s]vice accord+ to ! pres5t use ( ! ,*ur*
 (  ,engl&4 ,! introductory note expla9s
 t ! book 0 drawn  up 9 ord] to provide 
! cl]gy1 sacri/ans1 & o!rs ) a  small   
pocket-manual1 by :i* su* accuracy1 c>e1
 & rev]5ce  may be atta9$ by ^? m9i/]+  
at1 or s]v+ ! alt>1 z  has be5 s        
con/antly recomm5d$ by su* em95t /&>d   
div9es ( our national *ur*1 z ! ,v5]able
 ,b$e1  ,ar*bi%op ,peckham1 ,bi%op      
,wa9flete1 ,c>d9al ,pole1  ,bi%op ,cos91
 & ,ar*bi%op ,laud4 ,! ,directorium     
,anglicanum conta9s m ample directions2 
b ! pres5t  "w1 be+ brief]1 is m suit$ =
 our purpose at ?is  mom5t4 ,x comm5ces 
) ! rem>k t1 9 !  int]pretations ( !    
,book ( ,common ,pray]1 ! foll[+  c>d9al
 maxim %\ld nev] be lo/ sight (1 namely1
 t :at  0 n legally & =mally ab&on$ at !
 ,re=mation by  express law is n[ 9 full

 =ce1 & %\ld be c>efully1  judici\sly1 &
 firmly re/or$4 ,?is key unlocks _m     
difficulties :i* w\ld be o!rwise bo?    
!oretically &  practically              
insurm\ntable4 ,!n foll[ ! directions = 
!  build+ & dress+ ( ! alt>1 & = a ,l[ &
 ,high  ,celebration4 ,we _c d bett] ?an
 give !m at l5g?3      ,! greate/ c>e   
%\ld be inv>iably be/[$ ^u ! alt>    ( !
 *ur*4 ,x %\ld be well rais$1 ( prop]   
proportions1    & ( co/ly mat]ials4 ,9  
size x %\ld nev] be less ?an    sev5    
feet long1 & ?ree feet & a half 9       
height4 ,x %\ld    always be rais$ on a 
sub/antial & solid plat=m ( at    lea/  
?ree /eps4 ,beh9d x !re %\ld be a r]$os 
( wood    or /one1 ei!r c>v$ or         
decorat$1 or else a hang+ (    clo?1    
velvet1 sat91 damask1 or embroid]y4     
,gre5 is ! be/    color = a             
hang+--unless ! *ur* is d$icat$ 9 honor 
(    ,our ,lady1 :5 blue may be us$--:i*
 c be *ang$ on high    fe/ivals = :ite4 
,! c>pet ^u ! sanctu>y floor %\ld       
inv>iably be gre51 z x is a good contra/

 to ! alt>    ve/m5ts4 ,! alt> ve/m5ts  
%\ld fit accurately1 & n    be all[$ to 
hang loosely4 ,on a %elf or l$ge beh9d !
    alt>--sometimes call$ a retable1 &  
sometimes1 b    inaccurately1 a         
sup]-alt>--%\ld be plac$ a metal cross  
or    crucifix2 or a pa9t+ ( !          
crucifixion %\ld be fix$ ov]    ! c5tre 
( ! alt>1 aga9/ ! ea/ wall4 ,at lea/ two
    l>ge & h&some c&le/icks = !         
,eu*>i/ic celebration    %\ld be plac$  
"o on ei!r side ( ! cross4 ,o!r bran*   
c&le/icks = tap]s may be affix$ to ! ea/
 wall on ea*    side ( ! alt>1 & /&>ds =
 ! same may be add$ on    fe/ivals4     
,fl[] vases may be also us$ = ! adornm5t
 (    ! retable ( ! alt>1 & pots ( fl[]s
 & %rubs =    ! sanctu>y floor1 :i* %\ld
 be c>efully b closely    gr\p$ aga9/ ! 
nor? & s\? ends ( ! alt>4    #chj       
,! foll[+ ord] %\ld be obs]v$ bo? 9 !   
use ( !    ve/m5ts ( ! cl]gy & ( ! alt>3
        ,:ite4--,f ! ev5+ ( ,*ri/mas    
,eve to !      ,octave ( ,epiphany      
inclusive1 7except on ! two fea/s (     

,/4 ,/eph5 & ! ,holy ,innoc5ts27 at !   
celebration on      ,maunday ,?ursday1 &
 on ,ea/] ,eve1 f ! ev5+ (      ,ea/]   
,eve to ! ,vigil ( ,p5teco/1 on ,tr9ity 
,sunday1 on      ,corpus ,*ri/i ,day &  
its ,octave1 on ! fea/s (      !        
,purification1 ,conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1  
,annunciation1 ,/4      ,john ,bapti/1  
,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,all ,sa9ts1 on all fea/s (
 ,our      ,lady1 & ( ,sa9ts & ,virg9s1 
n ,m>tyrs1 at w$d+s1      & on !        
,anniv]s>y ,fea/ ( ! d$ication ( ! *ur*4
        ,r$4 ,vigil ( ,p5teco/ to ! next
 ,saturday1 ,holy      ,innoc5ts1 7if on
 a ,sunday17 & all o!r fea/s4           
,violet4 ,f ,septuagesima ,sunday to    
,ea/] ,eve1 f      ,adv5t to ,*ri/mas   
,eve1 ,emb] week 9 ,septemb]1 all vigils
      t are fa/$1 ,holy ,innoc5ts1      
7unless on ,sunday47        ,black4     
,good ,friday & fun]als4        ,gre54  
,all f]ial days4          ,,pla9        
,,directions ,,= ,a ,,l[ ,,celebration4 
7,,by ,a ,,prie/ ,,) ,,"o ,,s]v]47      
,ve/m5ts = ! ,celebrant--,cassock1      

amice1 alb1 &      girdle1 ) maniple1   
/ole1 & *asuble1 ( ! color (      ! day4
        ,ve/m5ts = ! ,s]v]--,cassock &  
surplice4      ,! alt> c&les be+ light$1
 & ! cruets ( w9e &    wat] be+ on _! /&
 ^u ! cr$5ce1 z well z !    alt> breads1
 bas91 & t[el1 ! prie/1 be>+ ! sacr$    
vessels1 duly arrang$ & cov]$1 prec$$ by
 ! s]v]1    proce$s f ! sacri/y to !    
alt>4      ,hav+ b[$ to ! cross1 & !n   
spread ! corporal &    plac$ ! *alice on
 ! c5tre ( ! alt>1 he /eps back to    ! 
foot ( ! alt>1 & beg9s by say+          
privately3 ' ,9    ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( !
 ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4    ,am54'     
,he !n recites ,psalm xliii41 7:i* %\ld 
be le>n$ by    he>t47      ,!n1 go+ up  
to ! alt>1 accord+ to ! ,rubric1 he says
    ! ',our ,fa!r' & collect at ! 'nor? 
side' or gospel    corn]2 aft] :i*1     
turn+ to ! p1 & /&+ 9 !    middle ( !   
alt>1 he recites ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 !    
s]v] mak+ ! appo9t$ responses4      ,!n 
he turns to ! gospel corn]1 z ! ,rubric 
directs1 &    says ! pray] = ! ,que51 & 

! collect = ! day4      ,!n ! s]v] moves
 ! book-re/ to ! epi/le corn]1    :]e ! 
prie/ reads ! epi/le2 & !n ! s]v]       
replaces x1 z be=e1 at ! gospel corn]1  
:]e ! prie/    reads ! gospel1 at !     
comm5cem5t ( :i* all pres5t    cross    
!mselves on ! =ehead1 m\?1 & brea/4     
,cu/om sanctions ! responses1 ',glory be
 to ,!e1 ,o    ,"l1' & ',praise be to   
,!e1 ,o ,*ri/1' be=e &    aft] !        
,gospel3 bo? ( :i* are said by ! s]v]4  
,! cre$ is said by ! prie/ junctis      
manibus 9 !    middle ( ! alt> fac+ !   
cross4 ,! s]v]1 !re=e1    %\ld move !   
book t[>d ! prie/4 ,f ! words '&    0   
inc>nate' to '0 made man1' ! celebrant  
b[s    pr(\ndly2 & at ! words 'life     
ev]la/+' makes    ! sign ( ! cross on 8 
brea/4      ,! (f]tory s5t5ce is read 9 
! same position4 ,! alms    7if any7 are
 pres5t$ /&+4 ,at ! (f]+ ( ! bread1    !
 prie/ %\ld use privately ! foll[+ pray]
 f !    ,salisbury ,missal3             
',suscipe1 ,sancta ,tr9itas1 hanc       
oblationem quam ego      indignus (f]o 9

 honore tuo et ,beatae ,m>iae1 et omnium
      sanctorum tuorum1 pro peccatis et 
(f5sionibus meis2 pro      salute       
vivorum et requie omnium fidelium       
defunctorum4 ,9      nom9e ,patris1 et  
,filii1 et ,spiritus ,sancti4 ,am54'    
,& at ! (f]+ ( ! *alice3        ,(f]imus
 tibi1 ,dom9e1 calicem salut>is1 tuam   
deprecantes clem5tiam1 ut 9 conspectu   
div9a maje/atis      tuae1 pro no/ra et 
totius mundi salute1 cum odore          
suavitatis      asc5dat4 ,am54'      ,"h
 ! s]v] %\ld br+ f ! cr$5ce-ew]1 wat]1  
& t[el = ! prie/ to wa% 8 h&s4 ,dur+ ?is
    symbolical c]emony1 ! celebrant w   
say ,psalm xxvi41 :i*    may be le>nt by
 he>t4      ,at ! ',ye t d truly1' :i*  
%\ld also be le>nt    by he>t1 & said   
)\t ! s]vice-book1 ! prie/ turns    to !
 p1 /ill /&+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! alt>4      ,! 
s]v]1 or 'm9i/]1' z ! ,rubric t]ms him1 
says !    confession 9 ! "n ( ! p1 !    
prie/ /&+    fac+ ea/w>d4 ,at its       
conclusion1 he turns r\nd junctis       
manibus1 & gives ! absolution1 :i* %\ld 

also be    said )\t ! book1 mak+ ! sign 
( ! cross ) 8    "r h& at ! words1      
'p>don & deliv] y1' etc4      ,!        
',com=table ,words' are said 9 ! same   
position4      ,! preface1 ',lift up y\r
 he>ts1' ) its response1    is said )   
h&s ext5d$ & eyes uplift$4 ,at ! words1 
',let u give ?anks1' etc41 ! prie/ jo9s 
8 h&s1    & at ',x is v meet1 "r1' etc41
 he turns to !    alt>1 b5d+ d[n at !   
words1 ',holy1 holy1 holy4'    #cha     
,! celebrant kneels 9 ! mid/ ( ! alt> at
 ! pray]    ( humble access1 ',we d n   
presume4'      ,9 ! pray] (             
consecration1 ! prie/ rev]5tly          
g5uflects aft] ! consecration ( ! bread1
 to wor%ip    ,jesus ,*ri/1 truly pres5t
 "u a sacram5tal veil1 & aga9    aft] ! 
consecration ( ! *alice4      ,"h !     
foll[+ extract f ! anci5t ,s>um ,canon1 
to be    said privately1 may1 accord+ to
 ! sugge/ion ( ,bi%op    ,wilson1 be    
pr(itably introduc$3        ',unde et me
 mores1 ,dom9e nos s]vi tui1 s$ et plebs
 tua      sancta1 ejusdem ,*ri/i ,filii 

tui ,dom9i ,dei no/ri tam      beatae   
,passionis1 necnon et ab inf]is         
,resurrectionis1 s$ et      9 caelos    
gloriosae ,asc5sionis1 (f]imus praecl>ae
      ,maje/ati tuae de tuis donis ac   
datis ,ho/iam  puram1      ,ho/iam      
sanctam  ,ho/iam1  immaculatam3 ,panem  
sanctum       vitae aet]nae1 et         
caliccem salutis p]petuae4              
',supra qua propitio ac s]5o vultu      
respic]e dign]is3      et accepta hab]e1
 siculi accepta hab]e dignatus es mun]a 
pu]i tui ju/i ,abel1 et sacrificium     
patri>*s no/ri      ,abrahae3 et quod   
tibi obtulit summus sac]dos tuus        
,mel*is$e*1 sanctum sacrificium1        
immaculatam ,ho/iam4        ',supplices 
te rogamus omnipot5s ,deus2 jube hac    
p]f]ri      p] manus sancti angeli tui 9
 sublime altre tuum1 9      conspectu   
,div9ae ,maje/atis ,tua3 et quotquot ex 
hac alt>is      p>ticipatione1          
sacrosanctum ,filii tui1  ,corpus et    
,sangu9em sumps]imus3 omni  b5$ictione  
coele/i et gratia      repleamur4 ,p]   

eundem ,*ri/um ,dom9um no/rum4 ,am54    
',mem5to etiam1 ,dom9e anim>um famulorum
 famul>umque      tu>um 7,n4 et ,n47 qui
 nos praecess]unt cum signo fidei1 et   
dormiunt 9 somno pacis4 ,ipsis ,dom9e et
 omnibus 9 ,*ri/o      quiesc5tibus1    
locum refrig]ii1 lucis et pacis1 ut     
indulgeas1 deprecamur4 ,p] eundem       
,*ri/um ,dom9um no/rum4      ,am54      
',nobis quoque peccatoribus famulis tuis
 de multitud9e      mis]ationum tu>um   
sp]antibus1 p>tem aliquam et societatem 
don>e dign]is cum tuis sanctis apo/olis 
et m>tyribus2 cum      ,joanne1         
,/ephano1 ,mat?ia1 ,b>naba1 ,ignatio1   
,alex&ro1      ,m>cell9o1 ,petro1       
,felicitate1 ,p]petua1 ,aga?a4 ,lucia1  
,agnete1 ,caecilia1 ,ana/asia1 et cum   
omnibus sanctis tuis3      intra quorum 
nos consortium1 non e/imator m]iti1 s$  
v5iae1 quaesumus1 l>gitor admitte4 ,p]  
,*ri/um ,dom9um      no/rum4        ',p]
 quem hac omnia ,dom9e1 semp] bona      
creas1       sanctificas1  vivaficas1   
b5$icis1 et prae/as nobis4 ,p]          

ipsum et cum  ipso 9  ipso e/ tibi ,deo 
,patri       ,omnipot5ti1 9 unitate     
,spiritus ,sancti omnis honor et        
gloria4 ,p] omnia saecula saeculorum4   
,am54'        ,transcrib]'s note3 ,"s ( 
^! words are illegible &      are       
guesses4 ,! plus sign 77 indicates !    
sign ( !      cross is to be made4      
,! prie/ communicates himself /&+4      
,g5uflect+ be=e    receiv+ our ,"l's    
,body1 he may say3        ',ave 9       
aet]num sanctissima ,c>o ,*ri/i2 mihi   
ante      omnia et sup] omnia summa     
dulc$e4 ,corpus ,dom9i no/ri ,jesu      
,*ri/i sit mihi peccatori via et vita   
,9 nom9e ,patris1 et      ,filii1 et    
,spiritus ,sancti4'      ,g5uflect+ be=e
 receiv+ ,*ri/'s ,mo/ ,preci\s ,blood3  
',ave 9 aet]num ,caele/is ,potus1 mihi  
ante omnis et      sup] omnia summa     
dulc$o4 ,corpus et ,sanguis ,dom9i no/ri
      ,jesu ,*ri/i pros9t mihi peccatori
 ad rem$ium sempit]num      9 vitam     
aet]nam4 ,am54  ,9 nom9e ,patris1' etc4 
,aft] all h communicat$1 ! cont5ts ( !  

pat5 may be    c>efully plac$ into !    
*alice1 ! pat5 plac$ on !    *alice1 & !
 veil put ov] x4      ,! ',our ,fa!r' & 
! foll[+ pray] are said )    h&s ext5d$1
 9 ! c5tre ( ! alt>1 fac+ ea/w>d1 z     
also ! intonation ( ! ',gloria 9        
,excelsis4' ,at !    words1 'we wor%ip  
!e1' ! celebrant w b[    pr(\ndly2 at ! 
words1 ',to ! glory ( ,god !    ,fa!r1' 
he signs himself ) ! sign ( ! cross4    
,9 giv+ ! b5$iction1 9 :i* ! sign ( !   
cross    %\ld always be made ) ! "r h&1 
c>e %\ld be tak5    by ! prie/ n to turn
 8 back ^u ! bless$ sacram5t4    ,! s]v]
 w "h kneel 9 ! c5tre ( ! l[] /ep4      
,imm$iately aft] ?is--be=e ! prie/ uses 
any private    devotions :atsoev] & be=e
 ! p attempt to g away--    ! consecrat$
 species %\ld be rev]5tly consum$2 & !  
ablutions 7#a7 ( w9e1 7#b7 ( w9e & wat] 
mix$1 & 7#c7 (    wat] alone %\ld be    
giv5 to ! prie/ by ! s]v]4      ,!      
greate/ possible c>e %\ld be tak5 t no  
s+le    p>ticle rema9s on ! pat52 & x is
 always bett] t !    prie/ himself %\ld 

consume all t rema9s ( bo? k9ds4    ,!  
(ficials ( ! *ur* & memb]s ( ! *oir %\ld
 be    expressly taught nev] to rise f  
_! knees until !    ablutions h be5 tak5
 & ! prie/ is ab\t to leave !    alt>4  
,aft] ! cleans+ ( ! vessels1 ! corporal1
 purificator1    *alice-cov]1 etc41 %\ld
 be c>efully put 9 _! places2    & !n1  
b[+ to ! cross1 ! prie/ %\ld return to !
    sacri/y1 prec$$ by ! s]v]1 & say1   
accord+ to !    ,s>um rite1 ,/4 ,john's 
,gospel1 cap4 i4 #a-ad4      ,! prie/1  
hav+ tak5 (f 8 ve/m5ts1 says 8          
?anksgiv+4        ,,pla9 ,,directions   
,,= ,a ,,high ,,celebration4      7,,by 
,a ,,prie/ ,,) ,,deacon ,,&             
,,sub-,,deacon47      ,ve/m5ts = !      
,celebrant--,cassock1 amice1 alb1 &     
girdle1 ) maniple1 /ole1 & *asuble ( !  
color ( !    day4      ,ve/m5ts = !     
,deacon--,cassock1 amice1 alb1 &        
girdle1 ) maniple1 /ole1 & dalmatic ( ! 
color ( !    day4      ,ve/m5ts = !     
,sub-,deacon--,cassock1 amice1 alb1 &   
girdle1 ) maniple & tunicle ( ! color ( 

! day4      ,ve/m5ts = ! ,acolytes      
,cassocks1 7black on ord9>y    days1 b  
purple or sc>let on great fe/ivals17 )  
ei!r    %ort surplices1 gird$ albs1 or  
ro*ets4    #chb      ,! directions :i* h
 already be5 giv5 9 ! case ( a    ',l[  
,celebration' are equally appropriate   
"h1 z f> z    reg>ds ! actual c]emonies 
( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,sev]al    additional      
po9ts1 h[ev]1 ne$ to be p>ticul>ly      
insi/$    on3      7a7 ,! normal        
position ( ! deacon w be on !    "r h&  
side ( ! prie/1 /&+ on ! fir/ /ep f    !
 footpace2 & t ( ! sub-deacon on 8 left 
h&1    /&+ on ! second /ep4      7b7    
,bo? deacon & sub-deacon /& :5 !        
celebrant    /&s1 g5uflect :5 he        
g5uflects1 & kneel :5 he kneels4        
7c7 ,at ! epi/le1 ! deacon & subdeacon  
*ange    places1 ! latt] *ant+ ! epi/le 
on 8 own1 ! second    /ep f ! footpace1 
f a good-siz$ book1 held by "o (    !   
acolytes on ! epi/le side1 s t !        
sub-deacon may    face ! ea/4      7d7  
,at ! gospel1 ! deacon *ants ! gospel f 

8 /ep1 ne> ! gospel corn] ( ! alt>--!   
book ( !    ,gospels be+ held by !      
sub-deacon1 s t ! deacon may    face !  
nor?4      7e7 ,aft] ! gospel1 !        
celebrant1 9 ! mid/ (    ! alt>--) !    
deacon beh9d him on 8 own /ep1 & !      
sub-deacon on 8 /ep1 aga9 beh9d !       
deacon--intones !    fir/ s5t5ce ( !    
,nic5e ,cre$4 ,:5 ! *oir take up !      
words1 '! ,fa!r ,almighty1' ! deacon &  
sub-deacon g up    to ! alt> footpace1  
respectively to ! "r & left (    !      
prie/4      7f7 ,dur+ ! s]mon1 ! prie/1 
deacon1 &    sub-deacon occupy ! s$ilia1
 or seats plac$ = !m on !    s\? side ( 
! sanctu>y1 fac+ ! nor?4      7g7 ,at ! 
(f]tory !y return to ! alt>1 & !        
sub-deacon br+s ! sacr$ vessels f !     
cr$5ce4 ,!    deacon1 tak+ ! corporal   
out ( ! burse1 spreads !    corporal1 & 
arranges ! sacr$ vessels4 ,! *alice %\ld
    be plac$ imm$iately beh9d ! pat51 9 
! c5tre ( !    corporal & ( ! alt>4     
7h7 ,! plate or box ) ! alt> breads %\ld
 be    h&$ to ! deacon by ! sub-deacon1 

:o w receive x    f "o ( ! acolytes1 9  
ord] t ! prie/ may be    suppli$ ) !    
elem5ts requir$4 ,! same w be obs]v$    
z reg>ds ! cruets ( w9e & wat]1 & also =
 !    c]emony ( wa%+ ! prie/'s f+]s4 ,! 
prie/-celebrant    %\ld n leave 8 place 
at ! alt>1 b %\ld be    c>efully s]v$ by
 8 assi/ant cl]gy & ! acolytes4      7i7
 ,! confession may be said 9 monotone1  
or )    suitable inflections1 by ei!r ! 
deacon or sub-deacon4    ,dur+ ! preface
 & sanctus1 ! deacon & sub-deacon /&    
beh9d ! prie/1 respectively a little to 
8 "r & left4      7k7 ,at !             
consecration1 ! deacon & sub-deacon1    
/&+ respectively at 8 "r & left1 w      
rev]5tly    g5uflect :5 ! prie/         
g5uflects1 & b5d !mselves l[    dur+ !  
communion ( ! celebrant4      7l7 ,at ! 
,gloria 9 ,excelsis1 ! celebrant--9    !
 mid/ ( ! alt>1 ) ! deacon beh9d him on 
8 own    /ep1 & ! sub-deacon on 8 /ep1  
aga9 beh9d !    deacon--intones ! fir/  
s5t5ce4 ,:5 ! *oir take up !    words1  
',& 9 e>? peace1' ! deacon & sub-deacon 

asc5d    to ! alt> footpace1            
respectively to ! "r & left (    !      
prie/4      7m7 ,aft] ! ,gloria 9       
,excelsis1 "o1 two1 or    ?ree ( !      
collects at ! end ( ! communion s]vice  
may    be said--accord+ to ! numb] ( !  
actual collects ( !    day--z a         
po/-communion4      7n7 ,9 giv+ ! 'pax' 
& bless+1 ! celebrant    %\ld turn t[>d 
! p1 be+ c>eful n to /&    be=e ! bless$
 sacram5t1 &1 /ret*+ out 8 arms    dur+ 
! fir/ "p ( x--f ! op5+ words to ',8    
,son    ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l'--w kiss ! 
pax :i* is pres5t$    to him by !       
deacon2 & !n1 plac+ 8 left h& op5 on    
8 brea/1 w raise 8 "r h& & bless ! p )  
! sacr$ sign ( ! cross4      7o7 ,!     
deacon & sub-deacon w imm$iately s]ve   
w9e & wat] = ! ablutions1 & hav+        
re>rang$ !    sacr$ vessels & _! cov]+s1
 w place !m on !    cr$5ce1 toge!r ) !  
pax & ! s]vice-book4    ,su* is !       
ext]nal rite recomm5d$ & practis$ z f> z
  possible by ! rituali/s 9 :at !y d n  
hesitate to call  ! celebration ( ,mass4

 ,t x is con=m$1 z f> z c be1  to !     
,liturgy ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* w be evid5t 
at fir/  sight to any "o acqua9t$ ) !   
,missal4 ,! c]emonies &  _m ( ! integral
 p>ts are adopt$ )\t *ange f !  ,we/]n  
rite1 & n f ! ,ea/]n1 :i* ,dr4 ,dix ?9ks
 m  pure4 ,! ve/m5ts may be ( ! ,greek  
patt]n1 b ?is is n  a mat]ial matt]4    
#chc  ,! prie/1 hav+ plac$ ! *alice on !
 alt>1 /eps back to  ! foot ( ! alt>1 & 
beg9s1 accord+ to ! ,ca?olic  ord]1 by  
mak+ ! sign ( ! cross1 & say+ ! ,psalm1 
,judica me ,deus4 ,! epi/le & gospel are
 read precisely z we  read !m2 !n ! cre$
 is said1 junctis manibus1 9 !  middle (
 ! alt>1 fac+ ! cross4 ,x is also said )
 !  same rev]5ces z our s]vice          
prescribes1 & ends ) ! sign  ( ! cross4 
,! (f]+ ( ! bread is made 9 a ,lat9 =m1 
said to be tak5 f ! ,salisbury ,missal4 
,! oblation is made  9 ! honor ( ! ,holy
 ,tr9ity & ! ,bless$ ,m>y1 = !          
salvation ( ! liv+ & ! re/ ( ! fai?ful  
dep>t$4 ,at  ! (f]+ ( ! *alice1 ! prie/ 
is direct$ to say !  id5tical pray] us$ 

9 our ,liturgy4 ,!n foll[s ! wa%+ (  !  
h&s1 ) ! recitation ( ,psalm xxv41      
,lavabo manus  meas1 z 9 ! ,ca?olic     
rite2 & ! extracts 9 ,lat9 f  our       
,missal are direct$ to be writt5 out1   
pr9t$1 or  illum9at$1 & !n fram$ & plac$
 aga9/ ! sup]-alt>  z alt> c>ds4 ,at !  
consecration1 ! prie/ rev]5tly          
g5uflects to wor%ip ,jesus ,*ri/ truly  
pres5t1 aft] :i* he  is recomm5d$ to use
 privately ! exact words ( our canon 9  
,lat94 ,x seems t !y co9cide ) ! ,s>um  
,canon1 & t  "s ye>s ago ,bi%op ,wilson 
_h ! good ?\ght to sugge/  _! use4 ,!   
rema9d] ( ! s]vice w speak = itself2  & 
we ?9k any ,episcopalian w f9d himself  
/rangely puzzl$  %\ld he und]take to    
foll[ ) ! rubrics ( 8 ,book (  ,common  
,pray]4 ,he w\ld1 x seems to u1 be z mu*
 at home 9 a  ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,!         
directions = a high celebration are all 
tak5 f our rubrics = a solemn ,mass1 )  
deacon &  sub-deacon1 & are con=m$ to !m
 z mu* z possible4 ,!  sadde/ reflection
 :i* /rikes u1 is ! ?\ght t ^?  :o g    

?r\gh ) su* real & mean+ c]emonies h no 
prie/ly "*1 & !re=e no p[] to consecrate
 ,*ri/'s  ,body & ,blood4 ,su* is n only
 ! v]dict ( ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur* 9 reg>d to
 ,anglican ord]s1 b ! op9ion ( e  ,ea/]n
 *ur* :i* has reta9$ ! traditions ( !   
apo/olic  succession4 ,x is a fe>ful    
responsibility = any man to take1  to   
make himself a prie/ on 8 own private   
judgm5t2 =1 aft]  all1 if ! ,ca?olic    
,*ur* is good = rites & doctr9es1 %e  is
 good = ev]y?+4    ,s f> ! ext]nal      
obs]vance ( ! rituali/s is 9 favor (  ! 
sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 & ! real pres5ce ( 
our ,"l 9  ! bless$ ,eu*>i/4 ,we %all   
f9d t !y d n hesitate to  tea* ! doctr9e
 :i* _! ritual symbolizes1 accord+ to  !
 pr9ciples ( ,dr4 ,dix4 :i* exact t     
ritual mu/ tea*  tru?1 pure &           
unadult]at$ tru?4 ,we h be=e u sev]al   
books :i* are recomm5d$1 &1 z f> z we h 
be5 able to  le>n1 9 con/ant use4 ,!    
books = devotion be=e he>+  ,mass &     
receiv+ ,holy ,communion1 su* z ,! ,alt>
 ,book1 ,!  ,little ,sacram5t ,book1 ,! 

,supp] ( ! ,"l1 conta9 !  pla9e/        
expressions ( belief 9 ! real & true    
corporeal  pres5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 !   
sacram5t4 ,we c\ld quote _m  pages1 b we
 %all only give a few passages f ,!     
,*ur*man's ,guide to ,fai? & ,piety1 a  
"w :i* is q  compreh5sive1 & is publi%$ 
) directions = all  devotions1 bo? 9 &  
out ( ! *ur*4 ,x be>s a d$ication1  by  
p]mission1 to ! ,rt4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,pott]1  
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l41  ! ,bi%op (
 ,new ,york1 ?us receiv+ ! sanction ( ! 
highe/ ,episcopalian au?ority4  #chd  ,!
 ,in/ruction on ! ,holy ,eu*>i/ conta9s 
v pla9ly !  doctr9e ( ! ,mass3 ,9 ?is   
sacram5t he 7,jesus ,*ri/7 has  bequea!d
 to u 8 ,body & ,blood "u ! =ms (  bread
 & w9e1 n only to be receiv$ by u = !   
food &  n\ri%m5t ( our s\ls1 b z a means
 :]eby ! same  oblation ( himself :i* he
 (f]s be=e ! ,fa!r 9 heav5  might be    
(f]$ also by 8 m9i/]s on e>?4 ,!y ?us   
commemorate 8 "o aton+ sacrifice by a   
p]petual memorial1  repres5t+ 8 dea? &  
passion be=e ! ,fa!r4 444 ,9 ?is        

sacrifice ,*ri/ himself is ! real (f]]1 
?\gh he acts  ?r\gh 8 prie/s1 :om he    
appo9t$ z 8 repres5tatives  :5 he comm&$
 8 apo/les1 say+1 ',d ?is 9 remembrance 
( me4' 444 ,:51 !re=e1 ! prie/s ( 8     
*ur*1 9 8  "n & accord+ to 8 comm&s1    
rehe>se ! words (  in/itution 9 ! pray] 
( consecration1 ,god ! ,holy ,gho/      
comes d[n ^u ! creatures ( bread & w9e1 
& !y  become ! ,body & ,blood ( ,*ri/4  
,! prie/ (f]s1  !re=e1 on ,god's alt> a 
sacrifice commemorative ( t  p]fect &   
suffici5t sacrifice once (f]$ on !      
cross1 &  at ! same "t ,jesus ,*ri/     
pres5ts x be=e ! ,fa!r1  plead+ 8 w\nds1
 & ! m]its ( 8 passion = ! p>don  &     
salvation ( 8 p4 ,dur+ ! communion _m   
beautiful  devotions are giv51 all ( :i*
 speak f]v5tly ( ,*ri/'s  real pres5ce1 
& ! ,ca?olic hymn1 ,ave ,v]um ,corpus1  
is  translat$ = use at t great mom5t3   
,hail6 ,*ri/'s body1 true & real1 ( !   
,virg9 ,m>y born1    ,truly suff]+1     
truly (f]$ on ! hill ( scorn4 ,hail6 =  
man's salvation pi]c$1 gap+ w\nds & riv5

 side1 ,:5ce    outfl[$ ) love un/9t+1  
,blood & ,wat]1 m+l$ tide2    ,n[ ^u t  
body fe$ we1 n[ ( t sweet f\nta9 dr9k1  
,le/1 :5 dea? rel5tless seize u1 'nea? !
 ,judge's se>*    we s9k4    ,!         
beautiful hymn ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ,adoro ,te 
devot1 is add$3      ,dev\tly ,i adore  
!e1 ,deity unse51 ,:y ?y glory hide/    
'nea? ^! %ad[s mean8 ,ta/e & t\* &      
vision 9 !e    are deceiv$1 ,b ! he>+   
only1 well may be believ$4    ,! pray]  
,anima ,*ri/i is !n recomm5d$ to be said
 )  ! inmo/ affections & desires ( !    
s\l4 ,! mann] (  receiv+ is also wor?y (
 notice3 ,kneel rev]5tly at !  alt>1 ) !
 body upright & ! head slightly b[$4    
,say to  y\rself1 ',"l1 ,i am n wor?y t 
?\ %\lde/ come "u  my ro(4' ,make ?y    
left h& a ?rone = ! "r1 :i* is on  ! eve
 ( receiv+ ! ,k+1 &1 hav+ holl[$ ?y     
palm1  receive ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 & convey
 x c>efully to ?y  m\?4 ,! book call$ ,!
 ,supp] ( ! ,"l gives !  l directions3  
,:5 ! prie/ gives y ! sacram5t1  receive
 x 9 ! op5 palm ( ! "r h&1 & s raise x  

rev]5tly1 le/ any portion %\ld fall to !
 gr\nd2 = ,/4  ,cyril obs]ves1 ',:osoev]
 loses any "p ( x _h bett] lose  "p (   
himself4' ,x is n necess>y to quote any 
fur!r  passages1 al?\gh ! same doctr9e  
is conta9$ 9 ! entire  book4 ,on page   
#hf1 vol4 ii41 !re is ! rem>k1 t ! bread
  & w9e are un*ang$ 9 _! sub/ance2 b we 
are incl9$  to ?9k t ?is comes f        
inadv]t5ce1 prejudice1 or bad           
philosophy4 ,two sub/ances _c coexi/ 9 !
 same space2 &  !re=e1 if ! bread & w9e 
become ! ,body & ,blood (  ,*ri/1 !y _c 
/ill be simple bread & w9e4 ,& if !     
pres5ce ( ,*ri/ is only 9 !m )\t *ang+  
!m1 x is a  s9 to adore !m1 s9ce !y are 
only creatures /ill4  #che  ,to lose any
 "p ( !m w\ld1 !n1 be no crime1 z       
,episcopalians h always believ$4 ,!     
language ( ! hymns  h]et(ore quot$ w\ld 
be /rangely out ( place4 ,lu!rans h     
tri$ _! !ories ( consub/antiation1 &    
em95t  ,prote/ants h def5d$ a k9d (     
impanation2 b all ^!  matt]s may safely 
be left to ! crit]ions ( good common    

s5se4 ,we feel satisfi$ t any "o :o     
desires to hold  consi/5tly ! doctr9e ( 
a real pres5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9  !      
bless$ ,eu*>i/ mu/ approa* ! ,ca?olic   
dogma1 & admit  a sub/antial *ange 9 !  
bread & w9e4    #b4 ,auricul> confession
 is taught & practis$ by !  rituali/s4  
,we say1 auricul> confession1 because ! 
t]m has  be5 us$ by ,prote/ants1 ?\gh x 
may be consid]$ expletive1  s9ce a      
confession he>d by no "o is h>dly a     
confession 9 any  prop] s5se4 ,! books (
 devotion put =? by ! rituali/s1  bo? 9 
?is c\ntry & 9 ,engl&1 give ! mo/ pla9 &
  explicit directions = confession4 ,!  
m9i/]s :o foll[  _! views are always    
ready to he> _! p5it5ts1 &1 on  acc\nt (
 ! spiritual relation !y hold to _!     
*ildr51  call !mselves1 & love to be    
call$1 by ! title ( ,fa!r1  z is cu/om>y
 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ,*apt] ,,iv4 (  
,!  ,*ur*man's ,guide1 vol4 ii41 is     
entitl$ ,(  ,sacram5tal ,confession4 ,x 
gives ! pray]s &  que/ions =            
self-exam9ation su* z may be f\nd 9 our 

manuals4 ,! =m ( confession is ?us      
recomm5d$3      ,z soon z ! prie/ is    
ready1 beg9 y\r confession aft]    ?is  
mann]3 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & 
(    ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,am54 ,i confess to 
,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 to    ,8        
only-begott5 ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 our    
,"l1 & to ,god !    ,holy ,gho/1 be=e ! 
:ole company ( heav51 & to y1 my        
fa!r1 t ,i h s9n$ exce$+ly 9 ?\ght1 ^w1 
&    de$1 by my fault1 my own fault1 my 
own griev\s fault4 ,!n    confess ! s9s 
y h not$ d[n z ! result ( y\r           
self-exam9ation1 tak+ !m 9 ! ord] ( !   
comm&m5ts1    or beg9n+ ) y\r besett+   
s9s1 & !n proce$+ to    ! less] s9s4 ,d 
s simply1 s9c]ely1 e>ne/ly1             
unres]v$ly1 9 z pla9 a mann] z possible1
 rememb]+    t no s9 :i* y h discov]$   
%\ld be held back1 t    any consci\s    
omission w r5d] ! confession no?+       
wor?1 & ! absolution null & void4 ,9    
accus+ y\rself1    be v c>eful n to     
m5tion ano!r1 unless x is necess>y    to
 ! complet5ess ( y\r confession4 ,answ] 

any que/ions    t ! confessor may feel x
 necess>y to ask tru?fully &            
unhesitat+ly4 ,:5 y h complet$ y\r      
confession1 say z    foll[s3 ,= ^! & all
 my o!r s9s :i* ,i _c at    pres5t      
rememb]1 ,i humbly beg p>don ( ,almighty
 ,god1 & (    y1 my spiritual fa!r1     
p5ance1 c\nsel1 & absolution4    ,:]e=e 
,i pray ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 ,8      
only-begott5    ,son1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 &   
,god ! ,holy ,gho/ to pity me & h       
m]cy ^u me1 & y1 my fa!r1 to pray = me4 
,! prie/    w !n rem>k ^u ! confession z
 he deems mo/ fitt+1    giv+ su* gho/ly 
c\nsel z to dispose ! s\l = !    receiv+
 ( ! great gift4 ,li/5 to him ) all     
rev]5ce    & c>e1 receiv+ ! advice :i*  
he gives y z !    message ( ,god to y\r 
s\l1 & det]m9e punctually &    exactly  
to fulfil ! p5ance :i* he may assign to 
y4 ,aft]    su* exhortation1 ! prie/ w  
pray ) y & = y1    & !n lay 8 h&s ^u y\r
 head1 & pron\nce ! words    (          
absolution4 ,d\bt n1 b e>ne/ly believe  
t1 accord+    to ,god's sure promise1 ! 

s9s t are s loos$ ^u e>?    are loos$ 9 
heav54 ,aft] confession1 sp5d1 if       
possible1 a    qu>t] ( an h\r 9 *ur*1 or
 9 private1 us+ "o or m    ( ! foll[+   
acts ( devotion4    ,!n foll[ "s        
beautiful & f]v5t pray]s & ?anksgiv+s4  
,ca?olics w see v little diff]5ce betwe5
 ?is =m &  t to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$ f 
_! *ildhood4 ,we  h no means ( judg+ h[ 
ext5sive is ! practice (  confession    
among ,episcopalians 9 ,new-,york1 b we 
e>ne/ly hope  x w increase & become     
g5]al4  #chf  ,al?\gh !re is no prie/ly 
"*1 no jurisdiction1 & no  absolution1  
/ill ! habit ( confess+ leads to        
self-exam9ation & /rictness ( life1 & w 
9 ,god's good  "t op5 ! he>t to ! light 
( ! true fai?4 ,we are n  aw>e t        
confessionals h be5 erect$ 9 any        
,episcopal  *ur* 9 ?is c\ntry1 & d n "k 
:e!r confessions are  he>d 9 ! *ur* or  
at ! h\ses ( ! m9i/]s4 ,engli%          
rituali/s are f> beyond _! ,am]ican     
bre?r51 & !re=e  we presume t ev]y?+ w  
foll[ 9 due "t4    #c4 ,! rituali/s are 

also approa*+ to ! doctr9e ( !  *ur* 9  
reg>d to ! sacram5ts1 & c]ta9ly admit m 
?an  two sacram5ts4 ,a sacram5t is1     
accord+ to our cate*ism1 an  outw>d sign
 ( inw>d grace1 or a sacr$ & my/]i\s    
sign by  :i* grace is communicat$ to our
 s\ls4 ,we ne$ n speak (  baptism1 9 :i*
 reg5]ation is fully admitt$1 nor allude
 to  ! holy ,eu*>i/1 already suffici5tly
 spok5 (1 b w  simply m5tion p5ance1    
confirmation1 & matrimony1 :i* !        
,episcopal ,*ur* d5ies to be sacram5ts4 
,:at we h quot$ 9  reg>d to sacram5tal  
confession w %[ t1 to all int5ts  &     
purposes1 !y believe 9 p5ance v mu* z we
 d4  ,confirmation is reg>d$ z a rite   
hav+ an ext]nal sign1 &  convey+ ! gift 
( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,special prep>ation = s
  great a gift is deem$ necess>y1 &     
confession is recomm5d$4  ,:ite is !    
color ( ! ve/m5ts ( bo? cl]gy & alt> at 
confirmation4 ,at confession1 ! /ole    
%\ld be violet4    ,! ,notitia          
,liturgica gives ! foll[+ directions =  
holy matrimony3 ,! s]vice = holy        

matrimony consi/s ( ?ree  p>ts1 namely1 
! address to ! congregation1 ! betro?al1
  7bo? ( :i* are to take place 9 ! nave 
or body ( !  *ur*7 & ! m sacram5tal "p1 
implor+ !  graces ne$ful = ! m>ri$ /ate1
 :i* is said at ! alt>4  ,! r+ is       
evid5tly ord]$ to be laid on !          
s]vice-book =  ! purpose ( be+ bless$4  
,! foll[+ is a common =m (  b5$iction4  
7,x is ! ,ca?olic =m47 ',sanctify1  ,o  
,"l1 ?is  r+ :i* we bless  9 ?y "n1 t %e
 :o %all we> x1  keep+ inviolable       
fidelity to h] sp\se1 may ev] rema9 9   
peace & love2 & live accord+ to ,?y law1
 ?r\gh ,*ri/1  our ,"l1 ,am54' ,9       
pron\nc+ ! fir/ b5$iction1 ! prie/  %\ld
 lay 8 h&s ^u ! heads ( ! man & woman4  
,:ite is ! color = ! ve/m5ts ( bo? cl]gy
 &  alt> at ! celebration ( holy        
matrimony4 ,! prie/ %\ld  we> cassock1  
surplice1 & /ole2 & ! assi/ants1 cl]ks1 
or  m9i/]s1 cassock & surplices4 ,if !  
holy communion be  celebrat$1 ( c\rse ! 
cl]gyman w retire to ! ve/ry to  assume 
! prop] ve/m5ts4 ,only ! bride &        

bridegroom &  _! imm$iate fri5ds %\ld   
communicate4 ,!re c be v  little d\bt t 
9 all ?is !re is ! op5 pr(ession (      
belief 9 an inw>d sanctify+ grace atta*$
 to ! ext]nal  rite4    ,9 reg>d to holy
 ord]s1 we h no direct evid5ce be=e u1  
because we h only se5 books ( devotion =
 ! p2 b  we are q p]suad$ t ! rituali/s 
believe 9 !  sacram5tal "* ( ord9ation1 
& t a special grace  att5ds ! imposition
 ( ! bi%op's h&s :5 m9i/]s &  prie/s are
 solemnly set ap>t to _! (fice4 ,z = !  
sacram5t ( extreme unction1 we are n    
aw>e t x is  practis$ 9 ,engl& or among 
! ,episcopalians 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,b f all
 ! advances !y h made dur+ ! la/ few    
ye>s1 we h reason to ?9k t x w ere long 
be  introduc$4  #chg  ,x 0 9 use 9 !    
e>ly days ( ! ,re=mation1 & is v  pla9ly
 taught 9 ,holy ,scripture4 7,/4 ,james 
v4 #ad47    #d4 ,! va/ progress 9       
,ca?olic ideas :i* has be5 made has     
also l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( religi\s      
communities4 ,9  ,engl&1 !re are1 we are
 in=m$1 q a numb] ( si/]s1  :o live by  

rule & devote !mselves to ! works (     
*>ity4  ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,neale devot$ 8   
life & all 8 zeal to ?is mo/  important 
movem5t4 ,we h se5 "s beautiful s]mons  
:i*  7 prea*$ by him to ! si/]hood ( ,/4
 ,m>g>et's1 9 ,ea/  ,gr9/$4 ,9 !m w be  
f\nd n only ! belief ( !  pr9cipal      
,ca?olic v]ities1 b ! mo/ f]v5t         
descriptions (  ! religi\s life1 & !    
pla9e/ directions = ma9ta9+  its        
/rictness4 ,! movem5t has gone s f> 9   
,engl& t x  c af=d to defy public       
prejudice4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re  has  
be5 a correspond+ movem5t among         
,episcopalians1 ?\gh  some:at beh9d !   
foot/eps ( _! bre?r5 9 ! "m  c\ntry4 ,! 
,rev4 ,dr4 ,muhl5b]g 0 among ! fir/ 9   
our city  to e/abli% a community (      
si/]s2 b we believe t 8 idea  embrac$ m 
! relief ( ! sick & poor ?an !          
consecration to ,god ( ^? :o %\ld devote
 !mselves to ?is  *>ity4 ,latt]ly1      
h[ev]1 !re has be5 e/abli%$ "h a        
si/]hood on m ,ca?olic pr9ciples1 "u !  
auspices (  ,rev4 ,dr4 ,dix1 :i* conta9s

 n[ n9e memb]s1 n c\nt+  po/ulants1 :o  
be> ! title ( ,si/]s ( ,/4 ,m>y4 ,?is   
community 0 in/itut$ ?ree or f\r ye>s   
ago1 & plac$  "u rules simil> to ^? ( ! 
,ca?olic conv5ts4 ,po/ulants  to !      
community h a trial ( six mon?s1 :5 !y  
are  receiv$ by ! pa/or4 ,"o ye> & a    
half f ?is  "t1 t is1 aft] two ye>s (   
probation1 !y are set ap>t  to _! "w by 
! bi%op4 ,! public w recollect !        
acc\nt1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! j\rnals1 ( a     
consecration (  si/]s by ,rt4 ,rev4 ,dr4
 ,pott] 9 "o ( ! ,episcopal *ur*es4  ,at
 ?is s]vice1 ?\gh we believe !y take no 
v[s1 ! si/]s  consid] !mselves set ap>t 
= life1 & b\nd to !  community1 except 9
 special exig5cies1 :5 disp5sation c be 
obta9$ f ! pa/or or bi%op4 ,!y h a      
religi\s dress  ( black1 ) a l>ge black 
cape1 a l>ge :ite coll>1 & a  :ite cap4 
,!y also we> a cross made ( black "w1 ) 
a  :ite lily 9 silv] set 9 x1 :i* is    
hung ar\nd ! neck4  ,!y live /rictly1   
rise e>ly1 & "w labori\sly4 ,!y  obs]ve 
sev]al ( ! canonical h\rs1 & = ?is      

purpose use  ! book prep>$ & publi%$ by 
,dr4 ,dix4 ,!y h _! h\rs  ( sil5ce1 (   
recreation1 & ( community obs]vances4   
,!y  seldom visit any "o1 b c g to _!   
homes occasionally1 by  special         
p]mission4 ,!y are expect$ to g to      
confession &  communion mon?ly1 unless  
!y obta9 ! privilege ( go+  (t5]4 ,rev4 
,dr4 ,dix is _! spiritual director1     
al?\gh "s  are p]mitt$ to confess to "o 
( ! fa!rs at ,/4 ,alban's1  or to any   
o!r ,episcopal m9i/]4    ,^! si/]s h    
*>ge ( two h\ses1 ! ,%elt]+ ,arms1  at  
,"o ,hundr$? /reet1 on ! ,bloom+dale    
road1 & ! ,h\se  ( ,m]cy1 9 ,eighty-six?
 /reet1 ne> ! ,hudson riv]4 ,/4         
,b>nabas's ,h\se1 9 ,mulb]ry /reet1 ne> 
,h\/on1 0 at "o  "t "u _! c>e1 b1 z !   
manag]s 7 n suffici5tly  ,ca?olic 9 _!  
ideas1 !y 7 con/ra9$ to leave x4 ,on    
,sundays & holydays1 :5 !re is no s]vice
 9 ^! private  *apels1 !y att5d !       
neighbor+ ,episcopal *ur*es4  #chh      
,once a mon? !y h an especial s]vice 9  
"o ( _!  h\ses1 :5 _! pa/or is pres5t1 &

 ! holy communion is  celebrat$4 ,aft]  
?is s]vice ! si/]s hold a meet+1 :i*  is
 call$ a *apt]1 9 :i* ! affairs ( !     
community are  discuss$ & arrang$4 ,!y  
(t5 att5d ,/4 ,alban's *ur*1  :]e ! holy
 communion is celebrat$ e ,sunday1 on   
all !  sa9ts' days1 & ea* day on !      
octaves ( ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/]1  & ,asc5sion4
 ,"h !re is a l[ celebration on !       
week-days  above m5tion$1 or ,l[ ,mass1 
z x is sometimes call$ by  !m4    #e4 ,9
 reg>d to o!r practical devotions (     
,ca?olics1 !  rituali/s h also made     
great progress4 ,! ,way ( ! ,cross  is  
us$ & recomm5d$ by !m4 ,a beautiful =m (
 ?is  devotion w be f\nd 9 ! book       
entitl$ ,! ,supp] ( !  ,"l1 & ,holy     
,communion4 ,! ,*ur*man's ,guide        
conta9s "s pi\s litanies1 & "s devotions
 to ! sacr$  w\nds ( our ,"l1 :i* are   
conceiv$ entirely 9 ! tone (  ,ca?olic  
piety4 ,! ,l5t5 ,fa/ is also recomm5d$  
to be  /rictly obs]v$ by ab/95ce f fle% 
meat1 & ev5 !  rules ( our own diocese  
are quot$ ) favor4 ,we h se5 a  little  

book1 call$ ,! ,ros>y ( ! ,holy ,"n (   
,jesus1  to :i* is add$ ! ,ros>y ( !    
,passion ( our ,"l1 set  =? = ! use ( ! 
fai?ful memb]s ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*1  ) an 
introduction by ,*>les ,walk]1 au?or (  
,?ree ,mon?s  9 an ,engli% ,mona/]y4 ,9 
! introduction1 beads1  adapt$ to ^!    
ros>ies1 are approv$1 b h[ f> !y are 9  
use we h no means ( kn[+4    ,!         
invocation ( ! sa9ts c]ta9ly is n v     
prom95t 9  _! books ( devotion1 b !y h  
begun ! good "w4 ,!  fir/ "p ( ! ,hail1 
,m>y is us$ 9 ! ros>ies1 & ?is  is1 at  
lea/1 a /ep 9 ! "r direction4 ,we h be5 
in=m$ t private pray]s to ! ,bless$     
,virg9 & !  sa9ts are 9 use by "s2 &1 z 
?is invocation is f\nd$ on  ! simple    
pr9ciple ( int]cession1 x w und\bt$ly1  
ere  long1 be g5]ally practis$4 ,no     
objection c be f\nd aga9/  x :i* does n 
exi/ aga9/ ask+ ea* o!r's pray]s 9  ?is 
life4 ,! "w entitl$ ,pray]s = ,*ildr51  
by ,rev4  ,f4 ,g4 ,lee1 gives ,fab]'s   
beautiful hymn to ,our ,lady1 to be said
  on fea/s ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y3     

,"m ( ,m]cy1 day by day      ,my love = 
!e gr[s m & m2    ,?y gifts are /rewn ^u
 my way1      ,l s&s ^u ! great         
sea-%ore4      ,get me ! grace to love  
!e m2      ,jesus w give if ?\ wilt     
plead2    ,&1 "m1 :5 life's c>es are    
o'er1      ,oh6 ,i %all love !e !n      
inde$4    ,! hymn to ! gu>dian angel is 
also giv5 f ! same  au?or3      ,yes1 :5
 ,i pray1 ?\ praye/ too2      ,?y pray] 
is all = me2    ,b :5 ,i sleep1 ?\      
sleepe/ n1      ,b wat*e/ pati5tly4     
,pray] = ! fai?ful dep>t$ may be f\nd 9 
ne>ly all !  pray]-books ( ! rituali/s1 
& ! burial s]vice is  animat$ ) t t5d]  
devotion :i* =ms su* a  *>act]i/ic ( !  
,ca?olic rite4 ,! holy ,eu*>i/ is       
recomm5d$ to be celebrat$ at fun]als1 & 
directions = s  do+ are giv5 9 !        
,notitia ,liturgica4 ,!  ,introit is1   
,grant !m et]nal re/1 & let light       
p]petual %9e ^u !m4 ,! ,dies ,ires is to
 be divid$  & sung at diff]5t p>ts ( !  
s]vice1 be=e ! gospel1 at  ! (f]tory1   
dur+ ! communion1 & aft] ! bless+4    ,!

 ,book ( ,h\rs1 by ,rev4 ,dr4 ,dix1 has 
a pray] = !  fai?ful dep>t$1 & ! l[     
celebration1 already quot$1 has  !      
,mem5to = ! ,dead1 extract$ f our       
,canon4  #chi  ,we give ! foll[+ pray] f
 ,! ,supp] ( ! ,"l4  ,o ,god6 by ^: m]cy
 ! s\ls ( ! fai?ful f9d re/1 grant  to  
all ?y s]vants :o h gone be=e u ) ! sign
 (  fai?1 & :o n[ slumb] 9 ! sleep (    
peace1 a place (  refre%m5t1 light1 &   
peace1 ?r\gh ! same ,jesus ,*ri/ our    
,"l4 ,at a fun]al ! foll[+ is recomm5d$3
 ,o ,"l1 look  graci\sly1 we besee* !e1 
^u ?is sacrifice 7! holy  ,eu*>i/7 :i*  
we (f] !e = ! p]fect+ ( ! s\l (  ?y     
s]vant ,n----1 & grant t ?is m$ic9e :i* 
,?\ ha/  v\*saf$ to provide = ! heal+ ( 
all ! liv+ may avail  also = ! dep>t$1  
?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,am54    ,! 
sacr$ sign ( ! cross1 z has be5 obs]v$1 
is us$  commonly1 9 ! same mann] z      
,ca?olics use x1 bo? 9 private  & 9     
public4    ,! introduction ( alt>-boys  
took place "s "t ago1 9 ?is  city1 :5 x 
0 said t x 0 accord+ to ! use ( !       

,engli% ca!drals & = ! purpose ( *ant+ !
 s]vice4  ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t !y are    
only a "p ( an attempt to  revive ! m9or
 ord]s1 z we h !m 9 ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*4  
,at ! high celebration ! prie/ is att5d$
 by a  deacon & sub-deacon & by         
acolytes4 ,we d n  "k if !re be any =m (
 orda9+ sub-deacons & acolytes1  b x    
seems t !re is a =m = ! admission (     
*ori/]s4 ,h[ _m ( ! boys s]v+ 9 !       
,episcopal  *ur*es "h h be5 receiv$ by  
?is =m1 we h no means  ( asc]ta9+4 ,x w 
be int]e/+1 h[ev]1 to ,ca?olics1  to see
 ! progress :i* has be5 made1 & !re=e we
 give  ! :ole =m4        ,a ,=m ,= ,!   
,admission ,( ,a ,*ori/]4       ,at a   
conv5i5t "t be=e morn+ or ev5+ pray]1   
all ! memb]s ( ! *oir assemble 9 !      
ve/ry1 rob$ 9    _! prop] ecclesia/ical 
habits3 & range !mselves on    _!       
respective sides1 ',decani' &           
',cantores1' except t    ! position ( ! 
(ficiat+ prie/ is at ! upp] end (    !  
room & fac+ ! *oir4 ,! boy to be admitt$
 rema9s    outside2 all pres5t kneel+   

d[n1 ! prie/ %all say3      ,prev5t u1  
,o ,"l1 9 all our do+s ) ?y mo/ graci\s 
favor1 & fur!r u ) ?y cont9ual help2 t 9
 all our    works begun1 cont9u$1 & end$
 9 !e1 we may glorify ?y    holy "n1 &  
f9ally1 by ?y m]cy1 obta9 ev]la/+ life2 
?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l4 ,am54       
,our ,fa!r1 etc4       ,!n1 z previ\sly 
in/ruct$1 ! two s5ior *ori/]s    g out1 
& br+ 9 ! probation]1 :o1 ve/$ 9        
cassock1    com+ 91 & guid$ by !m1 /&s 9
 front ( ! prie/    (ficiat+4       ,!n 
!re %all be read ! ,lesson4      ,i     
,samuel iii4 #a-aj2 & ii4 #ah1 #ai4     
,! ,lesson be+ end$1 ! prie/ %all proce$
 ?us1    say+3      ,v4 ,our help is 9 !
 "n ( ! ,"l3      ,r4 ,:o ha? made heav5
 & e>?4      ,v4 ,bless$ be ! "n ( !    
,"l3      ,r4 ,h5ce=?1 _w )\t end4      
,& !n1 tak+ ! boy by ! "r h&1 ! prie/   
%all admit him1 us+ ?is =m1 ! boy       
kneel+3      ,n4 ,i admit !e to s+ z a  
*ori/] 9 ------ ,9 ! "n    ( ! ,fa!r1 & 
( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,am54      
,!n %all he pron\nce ?is admonition1 at 

! same "t    pres5t+ him ) !            
,pray]-,book1 ,psalt]1 & ,hymnal he    w
 use 9 ! *oir3      ,see :at ?\ s+e/ )  
?y m\? ?\ believe 9 ?9e    he>t1 & :at  
?\ believe/ 9 ?9e he>t ?\ prove by ?y   
works4       ,!n1 putt+ ! surplice on ! 
new *ori/]1 he %all    say3      ,i clo!
 !e 9 ! :ite g>m5t ( ! surplice1 & see  
t ?\ s s]ve ,god1 & s+ 8 praises1 t ?\  
maye/    h]eaft] be admitt$ into ! ranks
 ( ^? :o h wa%$    _! robes1 & made !m  
:ite 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb1 &    are be=e 
! ?rone ( ,god1 & s]ve him day & night  
cont9ually4       ,!n1 lay+ 8 h& ^u !   
new *ori/]'s head1 !    prie/ %all      
pron\nce ! b5$iction1 ! boy /ill        
kneel+3    #cij      ,! ,"l bless !e1 & 
keep !e1 & make 8 face to %9e    ^u !e1 
& be graci\s unto !e2 ! ,"l lift up 8   
c\nt5ance ^u !e1 & give !e peace n[ & = 
ev]4    ,am54    ,we h ?us complet$ !   
task propos$ to ourselves1 & h  %[n f ! 
cle>e/ te/imonies :at ! true mean+ (    
ritualism is4 ,no hone/ m9d w1 x seems  
to u1 reject !  ass]tion :i* we made1 :5

 we def9$ x z a great & mo/  important  
movem5t f ! doctr9es & wor%ip (         
,prote/ants  t[>d ! anci5t & un*angeable
 fai? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,9 o!r words1
 x is a return to ! dogmas & c]emonies  
:i*  7 ca/ away by ! unsp>+ radicalism (
 ! ,re=mation4 ,z  su* a movem5t1 we    
look ^u x ) ! greate/ int]e/1 &  e>ne/ly
 pray ,god to bless x to ! conv]sion (  
_m s\ls4  ,& we say to our rituali/ic   
bre?r51 be firm & f]v5t 9  ! pr(ession &
 practice ( :at y believe to be true2   
%r9k n f ! consequ5ces ( any doctr9e y  
hold1 &  foll[ on by pray] & p]sev]ance 
until y rea* ! portals  ( t temple :i* !
 ,god-,man erect$ on e>?1 :]e9 !re  are 
no %ad[s4 ,ca?olics are y\r only fri5ds2
 & :5 y  f9d t y believe almo/ e tru?   
:i* we hold1 & t  y\r own *ur*          
repudiates ne>ly ev]y?+ :i* is to y mo/ 
sacr$1 !n come home to y\r ,fa!r's h\se1
 & take ! ,bread  ( life = :i* y\r s\ls 
are fami%+4 ,may ! inf9ite  m]cy :i* has
 done s mu* = y p]fect & accompli% its  
graci\s "w4 ,"h is all t y desire 9 its 

full  proportions1 ! l5g? & bread? (    
div9e love1 9 t "o  my/ical body :i* is 
! *ur* ( ,god1 ! fulness ( him :o       
fille? all & 9 all4    ,we h only "o m  
rem>k to make4 ,! view ( ritualism :i*  
we h giv5 is1 )\t d\bt1 ! view ( e      
dis9t]e/$  m9d4 ,! _w is (t5times h>% & 
sometimes unju/1 b 9  ! end x calls ?+s 
by _! "r names4 ,:y1 !n1 try to  /ultify
 ! common s5se ( mank9d by talk+ ( !    
corruptions ( ,romanism1 :5 all ! "t y  
admit e  sub/antial "p ( its cre$8 ,:y  
be s di%one/ to y\rselves  z to refuse  
to see t :i* is q evid5t to e "o  else8 
,:y talk enigmas & pr(ess devotion to ! 
,ea/]n  *ur*es1 z if !re 7 any?+ !re m  
palatable to  ,prote/ants ?an !         
undisguis$ cre$ ( ,rome8 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 
! rituali/s h endeavor$ to enli/ "s ( _!
 bi%ops on  _! side4 ,w\ld to ,god !y   
c\ld ga9 !m all2 b ev5 ?is  w\ld n      
remove ,calv9ism1 ,lu!ranism1 & :at ,dr4
 ,dix calls  ,radicalism f ! pray]-book4
 ,yet h !y ga9$ any8 ,!  approbation (  
,! ,*ur*man's ,guide1 by ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 

,pott]1 is ! only quasi-,episcopal      
sanction :i* !y h1 &  ?is is v cauti\sly
 giv51 & no "o c say h[ f> x  goes4     
,sev]al m9i/]s "s "t ago address$ a     
lett] to ,"r  ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hopk9s1       
presid+ bi%op ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal 
,*ur*1 ask+ = 8 op9ions on ! subject 9  
"q4 ,we  fancy ! dismay ( ! advanc$     
rituali/s :5 he gives 8  op9ion 9 favor 
( *anges 9 ve/m5ts1 ! introduction (    
inc5se & o!r ?+s ( ?is k9d1 & !n1 ) an  
unsp>+ bitt]ness1 attacks _! mu* *]i%$  
doctr9es1 !  sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 & !   
real pres5ce ( our ,"l 9 !  bless$      
,eu*>i/4  #cia  ,:ile ?is has be5 done  
on "o side1 a l>ge majority ( !         
,episcopalian bi%ops on ! o!r h deliv]$ 
!mselves ( an  op5 prote/ aga9/ ! :ole  
movem5t1 condemn+ x z no?+  less ?an an 
attempt to ,romanize ! ,prote/ant ,*ur* 
(  ,engl&4 ,is x really s1 t ! voice ( !
 bi%ops is ( no  weight1 t x nei!r      
decl>es ! s5se nor speaks !  au?ority ( 
! ,episcopal ,*ur*8 ,:at ?9ks ! _w ( !  
high ,anglican position at ! pres5t day8

 ,! _w has said  h>% ?+s en\gh ( !      
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 b yet has ev]  giv5 u ! 
cr$it ( consi/5cy4 ,if x condemn u1 x   
does n  decl>e t we are illogical4 ,on !
 contr>y1 !re is n "o  hone/ writ]1     
dis9t]e/$ 9 ! "q1 :o does n say  t !    
,anglican position is :olly unt5able1 t 
x is  nei!r ,prote/antism nor           
,ca?olicity1 & t x c nev]  /& ei!r ! te/
 ( "t or t ( reason4    --------        
,translat$ ,f ,! ,hi/oris*-,politis*e   
,blaett]4      ,pet] ,cornelius1 ,!     
,ma/] ,( ,g]man ,pa9t+4      ,pet]      
,cornelius 0 born on ! #bd? ( ,septemb]1
 #aghc1 9  art-r5[n$ ,dsseldorf4 ,"h _h 
be5 collect$ = "s "t1  ?r\gh ! arti/ic  
ta/e ( ! nobles ( ! ,palat9ate1 ^?      
pa9t+s & copies ( antique sculpture kn[n
 by ! "n (  ! ,dsseldorf ,gall]y1 :i* 0 
aft]w>d transf]r$ to !  ,royal ,palace (
 ,muni*4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury a s*ool ( art 0
  also connect$ ) ?is gall]y4           
,aloysius ,cornelius1 fa!r ( ,pet]1 0   
inspector ( !  gall]y1 & draw+-ma/] 9 ! 
art s*ool4 ,?us ! boy 0  born 9 an      

atmosph]e ( art4 ,x is said t1 :5 little
 ,pet]  0 attack$ by fits ( *ildi%      
ill-humor & uneas9ess1 8  "m c\ld quiet 
him by c>ry+ him 9 h] arms into ! hall  
( antique /atu>y1 :]e ! /]n & /rik+ =ms 
( !  hea!n div9ities calm$ 8 cries &    
dri$ 8 te>s4 ,if x be  n hi/orically    
true1 x is nev]!less a poetic fact      
record$  9 v]se by 8 uncle1 ,pet]       
,cornelius1 a di/+ui%$ musician1  /ill 9
 ,muni*1 t ! boy1 on "o occasion be+    
(f]$ 8  *oice ( a piece ( gold & a      
crayon1 took ! latt] f 8  "m's h&1 & ran
 imm$iately to make figures on ! wall4  
,?is is a *>act]i/ic anecdote1 ?\gh x   
may n be true2 =  dur+ 8 :ole life !    
pa9t] despis$ money4 ,mammon _h no  *>ms
 = him2 :ile 8 p5cil1 ! in/rum5t ( 8    
art1 &  ! art itself _h = him           
irresi/ible attractions4 ,pet] grew  up 
9 ! pi\s1 /]n ,ca?olic family ( 8 p>5ts1
 &  pres]v$ to ! end ( 8 life a simple1 
*ildlike belief 9  8 religion4 ,little 0
 !n kn[n among ! families (  ,rh9el& (  
opposition to ! fai?1 or ( ! d\bts &    

objections ( ! philosoph]s aga9/ x4     
,cornelius himself1  lat] 9 life1       
confess$ t he _h nev] read a book (     
philosophy4 ,su* works 7 di/a/eful to   
him on acc\nt (  _! ab/ract & unideal   
"*4    #cib    ,8 s*ool education 0 %ort
 & simple4 ,pet] ,cornelius w5t  only   
f\r ye>s to ! prim>y s*ool ( 8 native   
city1 z 8  s*ool-fell[1 ,clem5t         
,zimm]man1 c /ill atte/4 ,he made       
little progress2 he nev] le>n$ to spell 
correctly4 ,s+ul>  ph5om5on6 ,cornelius1
 :o ?\ght s pr(\ndly1 & wrote s         
sublimely1 & spoke s eloqu5tly )\t      
prep>ation1 l  ,napoleon ,i41 c\ld nev] 
write )\t blund]s6 ,b p]haps  fre$om f  
s*ool re/ra9t only made ! g5ius ( !     
arti/  to take a wid] scope4 ,! v fact t
 he did n sp5d _m  ye>s ( 8 life on !   
s*ool-b5*1 fill+ 8 m9d )  useless items 
( k1 all[$ 8 nature to exp&1 &  gave him
 t s\nd fre%ness ( m9d & body1 t purity 
(  imag9ation1 t directness & rectitude 
( feel+ &  "* :i* are ! causes ( !      
beautiful creations ( 8  g5ius4    ,( ! 

ma!matics1 ! favorite sci5ce ( mod]n    
times1 he knew  almo/ no?+4 ,he us$ to  
say1 9 8 curt mann]1 ( an  arti/ic      
dunce1 ,! booby kn[s z mu* ( art z ,i d 
(  algebra6 ,8 peculi> tal5t display$   
itself ev5 9 !  prim>y s*ool4 ,:5 !     
pr(essor ( ,scripture hi/ory describ$  !
 sc5es & p]sons ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !y   
became real to  ! eyes ( ! boy1 & on    
arriv+ home he 0 wont to cut  _! =ms out
 ( black pap] ) a dext]ity t a/oni%$  e 
"o4 ,he 0 mu* 9 ! /udio ( 8 fa!r1 :o    
pa9t$  alt>-pieces & portraits2 he      
clean$ ! p5cils1 br\ght him  ! colors1 &
 p]=m$ o!r m9or s]vices4 ,soon he became
 a  pupil 9 8 fa!r's draw+ academy4 ,"h 
he rapidly acquir$  ! pr9ciples ( art1 &
 8 fa!r gave him ,volpato's  engrav+s ( 
,raphael's ma/]pieces z models4 ,h& &   
eye (  ! "y arti/ 7 ?us e>ly accu/om$ to
 ! immortal works  ( ! pr9ce arti/ (    
,urb9o4 ,at ! same "t1 he visit$        
frequ5tly ! gall]y ( pa9t+s1 :]e !      
expressive &  lively color$ pictures (  
,rub5s captivat$ 8 fancy4 ,cornelius    

copi$ at a lat] p]iod sev]al ( ^!4 ,9 ! 
ye> #ahje1  be=e ! transf] ( !          
collection to ,muni*1 besides o!rs  he  
made a copy ( ,diana & ! ,nymphs 9 !    
,*ase1 :i* 0  s well execut$ t x 0 v    
difficult to di/+ui% x  f ! orig9al4    
,"y ,pet] n[ pass$ to ! ,academy ( ,art4
 ,! ,greek classic  /yle rul$ 9 x at t  
"t2 & a di/+ui%$ arti/1 ,pet]  ,lang]1 0
 its director4 ,"h ,cornelius prosecut$ 
8 /udies  ) ! greate/ dilig5ce4 ,he made
 a special /udy ( !  antiques :i* 7     
extant 9 ! collection4 ,/ill x  appe>s t
 ev5 !n he _h m incl9ation = ! awak5+   
national ,*ri/ian & romantic s*ool (    
,g]many ?an = !  cold imitations (      
anci5t art4    ,b ?is v circum/ance     
?reat5$ to give an unlucky turn to  8   
life4 ,8 fa!r1 ,aloysius ,cornelius1 di$
 9 ! ye> #ahji1  leav+ a wife1 five     
daught]s1 & two sons1 ) little          
res\rces4 ,! good "m despair$ ( be+ able
 to provide =  ! support & education (  
h] l>ge family4 ,! director1  ,pet]     
,lang]1 misund]/&+ ! g5ius ( ,pet]1 !n  

advis$  h] to appr5tice him to a        
goldsmi?1 say+ t he w\ld e>n  8 bread m 
quickly at a trade1 = !re 7 too _m      
pa9t]s4 ,cornelius ?us exp]i5c$ ! same  
misjudgm5t ( 8  sup]iors z ,c>/5s 9     
,cop5hag51 & ,s*wan?al] 9 ,muni*4       
#cic    ,b ! mat]nal eye 0 %>p] ?an t ( 
! le>n$  director4 ,! "m recogniz$ !    
decid$ vocation ( h] son1  & h] mat]nal 
affection triumph$4 ,%e c\ld n det]m9e  
f worldly motives to te> h] son away f 8
 high call &  s ,cornelius 0 = ev] w$d$ 
to 8 art4 ,h[ grateful 0 !  y\? (       
eighte5 ye>s = ?is det]m9ation ( 8 "m6  
,cornelius himself writes ( x 9 8       
celebrat$ report to ,c\nt  ,raczynski1 9
 :i* he quotes a say+ ( 8 fa!r          
,aloysius1  t1 if we try to make p]fect 
ev]y?+ t we d1 we may  le>n a lesson f  
?+s ! mo/ trivial4 ,?is expression is  l
 ,raphael's3 ,no "o becomes great 9 art 
:o despises !  smalle/ detail4    ,9 ?is
 ye>1 7#ahji17 ,pet] ,cornelius 0       
introduc$ into a new  society1 :i*      
ex]cis$ great influ5ce on 8 developm5t &

  hi/ory4 ,he w5t frequ5tly to !        
neighbor+ city ( ,cologne1  ! spl5didly 
arti/ic & ,*ri/ian m$iaeval city ( !    
,rh9e4 ,"h he became acqua9t$ ) ! noble 
,canon ,wallraf &  ! two bro!rs         
,boiss]e1 :o1 at ?is p]iod ( ,v&alic    
ravage & de/ruction1 sav$ all t 0 to be 
sav$ ( anci5t  art1 & =m$ ^? preci\s    
collections :i* r5d] ,cologne  & ,muni* 
fam\s4 ,by ^! means ,cornelius obta9$ a 
k  ( ! _w ( old ,g]man works ( art      
hi!rto unkn[n to him4  ,!y appe>$ to him
 9 all ! simplicity1 religiosity1 &     
fre%ness ( ! ,g]man middle ages1 & he   
f\nd himself drawn  t[>d !m by a k9dr$  
feel+4 ,he /udi$ & copi$ !m  zeal\sly1 &
 ) great] affection ?an he _h %[n t[>d  
! gorge\s ma/]pieces ( ,italy4 ,8 /udy (
 ^! ,g]man  works obta9$ = him 8 fir/   
appo9tm5t ( any consequ5ce4    ,wallraf1
 :o 0 call$ by ! mayor ( ,nyon to       
consult reg>d+  ! re/oration ( ! int]e/+
 *ur* 9 t t[n1  recogniz$ 9 ,pet]       
,cornelius1 :om he lov$1 ! man =        
monum5tal pa9t+4 ,he 0 commission$1     

!re=e1 to ornam5t  ! cupola & *oir ( !  
*ur* ( ,nyon ) frescoes4  ,wallraf1 !   
!ologian1 :o1 z practical pa9t]1 also   
possess$ wondr\s gifts1 det]m9$ on ! "* 
( ?is  circle ( pa9t+s4    ,cornelius   
execut$ ^! pictures 9 #ahjf-ahjh on a   
yell[  gr\nd1 ) wat] colors4 ,!y        
repres5t$ ! *oirs ( angels  9 !         
semi-circle2 !n ,moses & ,david ( ! ,old
 ,te/am5t1  ,pet] & ,paul ( ! ,new      
,te/am5t1 9 ! cupola2 pictures well     
express$1 liv+ & *>act]i/ic1 rem9d+ "o m
 ( !  ,italian ?an ( ! ,g]man s*ool4    
,un=tunately ^! pa9t+s1  spoil$ by      
dampness1 h be5 ret\*$ by mod]n arti/s1 
s  t !y may be consid]$ z entirely lo/  
to view4    ,besides ! /udy ( ! old     
,g]man ma/]s1 ,cornelius miss$ no       
occasion ( mak+ himself famili> ) !     
*efs-d'oeuvre ( classic antiquity4 ,he  
read ) avidity  ,hom] & ,virgil1 &      
endeavor$ to make use ( ! mat]ials (    
art suppli$ f ^! s\rces4 ,he cont5d$ = !
 prize at  ,weim> ) works f anci5t      
my?ology1 b )\t success4 ,he  0 n fitt$ 

to pa9t ! smoo?1 ext]nal attributes ( ! 
anci5t =ms4 ,h5ce came ?is criticism on 
8 works4 ,?r\gh  ! influ5ce ( ,goe! he  
receiv$ ! foll[+ note3  ,valuable1 good 
tal5t1 & excell5t essays6    ,we pass   
ov] ^? episodes 9 ! lives ( all m5--!   
fir/  love ( ,cornelius = ,miss ,l9d]1  
:i* 0 unsuccessful1 &  made him v[ nev] 
to w$ any o!r ?an ! muse ( 8 art--a  v[ 
:i* he did n keep2 8 fri5d%ip ) ! elde/ 
son (  ! m]*ant ,flemm+ at ,nyon1 pl$g$ 
"u a l9d5-tree1 &  la/+ until dea? ) a  
loyalty l t ( ,david &  ,jona?an1       
,ore/es & ,pylades1 ,don ,c>los & ,posa4
    #cid    ,9 #ahji1 we f9d him 9      
,frank=t1 aft] ,napoleon _h annex$ !    
,rh9e prov9ces to ,france & ! pa9t+s at 
,dsseldorf _h  be5 remov$ to ,muni*4 ,9 
?is c5tre ( ,g]many1 ,cornelius  hav+   
read ! ,fau/ ( ,goe!1 &1 p5etrat$ ) its 
_s1 repres5t$ ! creation ( ! poet's bra9
 on !  canvas1 ,goe! wrote him a lett]1 
?ank+ him & full (  appreciative        
complim5ts to 8 g5ius4 ,! booksell]1    
,w5n]1  9 ,frank=t1 und]took to publi% !

 pa9t]'s sket*es2 &  ?us enabl$ him to  
realize a long-*]i%$ desire ( go+ to    
,italy1 ! l& ( ! f9e arts4    ,at ?is   
p]iod1 9 ,rome1 !re 0 a colony ( ,g]man 
arti/s1  l an oasis ( peace 9 a des]t ( 
tr\ble1 :o devot$  !mselves to !        
un%ackl+ ( art f ! *a9s ( mann]ism  &   
,fr5* insipidity4 ,k>/5s1 ! ,dane1      
en?usia/ically  p>tial to anci5t art1   
may be consid]$ ! lead] & pione]  ( ?is 
ef=t4 ,?orwalds51 ,ko*1 ,s*ick1 ,w*t]1 &
 ,re9h>d  foll[$ 9 8 foot/eps4 ,_m an   
arti/'s noble he>t 0 !n  also possess$ )
 ! love ( ! romantic s*ool1 & inspir$  )
 its _s4 ,fr$]ic ,s*legel1 ,tieck1      
,novalis1 &  ,wack5rod] aid$ ! movem5t  
by proclaim+ & tea*+ t  all ,*ri/ian art
 0 a symbol ( ! heav5ly2 t 9 x all  0   
my/]i\s & ideal1 :il/ anci5t art m]ely  
repres5t$  ! ext]nal & real4 ,!y taught 
t sev]ity1 /r5g?1 &  mode/y 7 to be     
s\ght1 = 9 ! works ( pre-,raphaelite    
ma/]s1 :o alone 7 ! true models (       
,*ri/ian art4 ,9 !  ye> #ahja1 ! /&>d ( 
?is s*ool 0 borne by ,fr$]ic  ,ov]beck1 

( ,lbeck1 :o 0 jo9$ by ! two ,s*ad[s1   
,p=r1  ,l\is ,vogel1 & lat] by ,philip  
,veit1 ,wa*1 ,*>les ,vogel (  ,vogel/e91
 ,i4 ,s*norr1 bo? ,eb]h>ds ( ,muni*1    
,ramb\r (  ,cologne1 & o!rs4 ,! arti/ _w
 ( ,rome 0 !n divid$  into two gr\ps1 "o
 ( :i* absolutely foll[$ ! anci5ts1  & !
 o!r reviv$ ! ,*ri/ian & national ideal 
) !  _s ( ! ,romantic s*ool4    ,:5     
,cornelius w5t to ,rome1 he 0 imm$iately
 introduc$ to 8  fell[-c\ntrym52 & he   
became naturally atta*$ to _!  s*ool z !
 illu/rator ( ,fau/ & ,%akespe>e4 ,he   
=m$ a fri5d%ip = ,ov]beck :i* la/$      
unbrok5 till  dea?1 ?r\gh a p]iod (     
fifty ye>s6 ,cornelius always  express$ 
8 gratitude to ,ov]beck1 & lov$ him z a 
bro!r4  ,k+ ,l\is ,i41 ( ,bav>ia1 ) 8   
cu/om>y wit1 lik5$ !  pair ( arti/s to  
two ( ! apo/les3 ,ov]beck1 ! pi\s &     
s5tim5tal1 to ,john2 ,cornelius1 ! f]v5t
 conqu]or ( !  _w ( art1 to ,paul4      
,ov]beck ) sev]al companions _h  r5t$ ! 
old mona/]y ( ,/4 ,isidore1 beh9d ,monte
 ,p9cio1 &  liv$ !re l a recluse4       

,cornelius1 :o bo>d$ ne> him1 0  a      
frequ5t visitor4 ,!y /udi$ & work$      
toge!r4 ,!y made  draw+s ( nature & f ! 
antique1 sat side by side at !  canvas1 
& communicat$ _! future plans to ea*    
o!r4 ,!y  copi$ & imitat$ ! old ,italian
 ma/]s ,giotto1 ,masaccio1  ,ghirl&ajo1 
,lippo ,lippi1 ,pet] ,p]ug9o1 &         
,fiesole4 ,!y made  excursions to !     
neighbor+ m\nta9s1 & reliev$ _!  labors 
by _m a pleasant ev5+ or innoc5t        
conv]sation4    #cie    ,cornelius1     
writ+ ab\t ?is "t ( 8 life to ,c\nt     
,raczynski1 says3 ,x is impossible = me 
to tell y 9 a %ort  notice all !        
incid5ts ( my happy soj\rn 9 ,rome4 ,b  
,i mu/  say we w&]$ ov] ! pa?s ( ages2  
,i speak n only =  myself1 b = our      
association ( tal5t & "*1 :o drew  f    
ev]y?+ t 0 holy1 great1 & beautiful 9   
,g]many or  ,italy ! inspiration to     
oppose ,fr5* tyranny & frivolity4    ,! 
noble b& _h _! battles & _! suff]+s4 ,_!
  means ( su/5ance1 on ! "o h&1 7       
limit$4 ,=1 said  ,ov]beck1 ! fire ( !  

en?usiasm ( art does n k9dle a  fire on 
! he>?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,greco-,g]man   
s*ool  nev] fail$ to treat !m ) contempt
 & haught9ess4 ,!y  receiv$ ! nickname (
 ,naz>5es1 :i* has rema9$ atta*$  to !m 
ev] s9ce4 ,! "n 0 giv5 p>tly because (  
_!  innoc5t life1 & p>tly because _!    
pictures ( sa9ts aft]  ! old ,italian   
models _h a mortifi$ & spiritual look1 z
 !  sect ( ! rigor\s ,naz>5es are       
repres5t$ among ! ,jews4    ,:5 ! w> (  
fre$om _h aga9 be5 r5ew$ 9 ,g]many1 !   
arti/s 9 ,rome 7 fully possess$ ) its   
_s4 ,s9ce all  c\ld n take "p 9 x1 !y   
s5t sub/itutes to fight =  fa!rl&4 ,^?  
:o rema9$ 9 ,rome1 or 7 too old to wield
  ! sword1 us$ p5cil & bru% 9 aid ( !   
national cause4    ,inflam$ by          
patriotism1 ,cornelius pa9t$ 9 ,rome 8  
celebrat$  illu/rations ( ! ,niebelung51
 :i* _h j be5  publi%$1 & ! read+ ( :i* 
did s mu* t[>d awak5+  ,g]man           
self-consci\sness4 ,he pa9t$ ! great    
h]oes ( ^?  ,g]mans :o = s _m ye>s _h   
%amefully borne ! yoke (  ! ,fr5*2 &    

repres5t$ ^? natural giants ( ! ,g]man  
race )\t fe> or reproa*1 full ( p[]1    
loyalty1 mode/y1  simplicity1 & honor1  
all agl[ ) passion1 irresi/ible 9  love 
& hatr$6 ,cornelius _h1 9 8 pa9t+s = !  
,niebelung51 :i* 0 h5ce=? seldom pr9t$  
)\t  !m1 giv5 p]sonality to ! h]oes ( ! 
poem4 ,8 two  que5s1 ,hag5 ! fi]ce1     
,sigfri$1 & ,k+ ,gn!r w live  among     
,g]mans z long z ! ,niebelung5 w cont9ue
 to  be read4 ,?\gh ! faces are h>%1    
r\gh1 & ungraci\s1 l  ! ,g]man h]oes ( t
 "t1 !y are nev]!less ?or\ghly  true1   
s\nd1 & *>act]i/ic4    ,! :ole "w 0     
d$icat$ to ! new ,prussian ambassador 9 
,rome1 ! celebrat$ hi/orian ,niebuhr4   
,=1 aft] ! fall (  ,napoleon1 ,pius     
,,vii4 return$ 9 triumph to ,rome1 ,m>* 
#ad?1  #ahad2 ! ma/]pieces ( art tak5   
away by ! ,fr5* 7 be+  gradually re/or$2
 & ! ambassadors ( ! ,european c\rts    
took _! /ations z usual4 ,niebuhr came  
to ,rome 9 #ahaf4 ,no  soon] _h he1 :o  
_h su* a love = art & sci5ce1  recogniz$
 ! g5iality1 fre%ness1 & imag9ative p[] 

(  ,cornelius1 8 fell[-c\ntryman f      
,rh9el&1 ?an he became  w>mly atta*$ to 
! arti/4 ,niebuhr (t5 visit$ him & 8    
companions1 call$ him fri5d1 & divid$ 8 
wond]ful le>n+  ) ,cornelius4    ,s f>  
,cornelius _h execut$ 9 ,rome only a few
 draw+s & oil  pa9t+s4 ,among ! latt]   
may be nam$ ! picture ( ,!  ,?ree ,m>ys 
at ! ,sepul*re1 ,! ,flight into ,egypt1 
& ,!  ,wise & ,fooli% ,virg9s4 ,b1 9    
spite ( _! expressiv5ess  & excell5ce1  
^! works %[ t ! arti/ _h n yet  f\nd !  
special field = ! display ( 8 g5ius4 ,8 
p[]ful imag9ation 0 conf9$ 9 ^!         
subjects1 & c\ld  only feel at home on !
 broad1 high walls ( fresco-pa9t+4      
#cif    ,?r\gh a s+ul> accid5t1 he _h   
soon a *ance = 8 art4  ,! ,prussian     
consul-g5]al1 ,solomon ,b>?oldy1 _h r5t$
 !  old h\se belong+ to ! family ( !    
pa9t] ,zu*]i1 ne>  ,tr9ita di ,monti1 & 
want$ to ornam5t x ) frescoes4          
,cornelius 0 ask$ to und]take ! task4   
,aid$ by 8 fri5ds1  he agre$ to pa9t !  
two rooms ) frescoes4 ,!y ask$ no  fees1

 only scaffold+1 mason "w1 colors1 &    
support4 ,!  noble (f] ( ! poor         
arti/s--ri*1 h[ev]1 9 _! love (  art--0 
accept$2 & ?is 0 ! orig9 ( ^? r5[n$     
frescoes almo/ univ]sally kn[n by copies
 & descriptions (  !m4 ,cornelius1      
,ov]beck1 ,philip ,veit1 & ,w4 ,s*ad[ 7 
engag$ 9 ! "w4 ,on acc\nt ( ! ,jewi%    
religion (  ,b>?oldy1 ! arti/s *ose !   
int]e/+ /ory ( ,joseph 9  ,egypt z !    
subject ( _! art4 ,cornelius pa9t$ !    
explanation ( ! dreams ( ,ph>ao & !     
meet+ ( ,joseph &  8 bre?r52 ,veit pa9t$
 ! temptation ( ,potiph>'s wife &  !    
sev5 ye>s ( pl5ty2 ,s*ad[1 ! compla9t ( 
,jacob &  ,joseph 9 prison2 & ,ov]beck1 
! sev5 ye>s ( fam9e4 ,!y  are beautiful1
 imag9ative1 expressive1 graceful       
pictures1 &  n surpass$ 9 color+ by !   
lat] creations ( ! ma/]4  ,all ,rome1   
:i* _h se5 no frescoes = fifty ye>s & 0 
tak5 ) ! ,raphael ta/e1 0 a/oni%$ at !  
works ( !  "y ,g]man pa9t]1 & ev5 yet ! 
amateur turns )  rev]5ce to ?is cradle (
 ,g]man monum5tal pa9t+ 9 ,rome1  & !   

rooms s adorn$ are /ill r5t$ by /rang]s 
= a high  price4    ,?us = ! fir/ "t _h 
,cornelius f\nd ! means ( lett+  out !  
flood ( 8 g5ial ?\ghts4 ,he _h f\nd 8   
vocation  9 fresco-pa9t+1 to :i* he     
rema9$ atta*$ !nce=? to  ! end ( 8 life4
 ,soon he receiv$ a new commission = 8  
art4 ,! ri* ,m>quis ,massimi1 :o _h se5 
! frescoes 9  ,b>?oldy's h\se1 wi%$ to h
 8 villa at ,/4 ,john ,lat]an's         
simil>ly ornam5t$ by sc5es f ! great    
classic poets (  ,italy4 ,ov]beck %\ld  
select 8 subjects f ,tasso1 ,j4 ,s*norr 
f ,ario/o1 ,cornelius out ( ,dante's    
,div9e ,com$y1 a  poem :i*1 on acc\nt ( 
its dep?1 gr&eur1 & my/]ies1 _h  be5 a  
life-/udy ( our arti/4 ,cornelius       
und]took ! "w  ) delight4 ,he execut$   
n9e illu/rations to ! ,p>adise1  :i* %[ 
a pr(\nd k ( ! poet & hi/ory2 faces (   
sa9ts brea?+ piety & /rik+ly expressive4
 ,un=tunately  ^! projects 7 n execut$4 
,ko* obta9$ ! sub/itution  ( 8 own r    
co>se ,dante pictures1 9 ! /ead ( ^? (  
,cornelius2 & ! latt] receiv$ two calls 

f 8 own ,g]man  home4    ,! ,cr[n-,pr9ce
 ,l\is1 ( ,bav>ia1 :o _h conceiv$ g5]\s 
plans = ! spread ( art 9 8 own c\ntry1  
came to ,rome 9  ,janu>y1 #ahah4 ,in=m$ 
by 8 att5dant physician1 ,r+seis1 :o  _h
 se5 ! ,niebelung5 pictures ( ,cornelius
 9 ,b]l91  ! pr9ce s\ght out ! gift$    
arti/4 ,l\is saw ! pa9t+s  at           
,b>?oldy's1 & imm$iately p]ceiv$ t      
,cornelius 0 !  man to make art fl\ri% 9
 ,bav>ia4 ,! pr9ce gave him two         
gall]ies ( ! museum ( /atu>y 9 ,muni*1  
to ornam5t )  frescoes tak5 f ,greek    
my?ology4 ,a cry ( joy pass$ ?r\gh  !   
circle ( arti/s2 !y look$ on !          
,cr[n-,pr9ce ,l\is z  ! re/or] ( true   
art & ! creator ( a new era4 ,:5 _!     
high patron left ,rome1 !y celebrat$ 8  
dep>ture by a  glori\s fea/ on ! ev5+ ( 
,april #bi?1 #ahah4  #cig  ,cornelius _h
 ornam5t$ ! walls ( ! fe/ival hall )    
symbols ( ! arti/ic call+ ( ! pr9ce4    
,!re 7  repres5tations ( ,h]cules clean+
 out ! ,augean /able1 &  ( ,samson putt+
 ! ,phili/9es to flight4 ,rck]t1 9 ! "n 

( art & ! arti/s1 made ! poetical       
address to !  cr[n-pr9ce4 ,he1 full (   
delight & gratitude1 (f]$ a toa/  to !  
,g]man arti/s1 & end$ x1 amid/ l\d      
applause1 )  ! words1 ,t we may meet    
aga9 9 ,g]many6    ,cornelius n[ left   
ev]y?+ else aside & devot$ himself to  !
 /udy ( ,hom] & ,hesiod1 & cont9ually   
made sket*es f  !m4 ,9 ord] to h p]fect 
leisure = ?is "w1 he sp5t  ! summ] 9    
,ariccia4 ,9 ! fall1 he travell$ )      
,passavanti1  ! biograph] ( ,raphael1 to
 ,naples1 :]e he made sev]al  copies1   
among o!rs ! bu/ ( a woman aft] ,p]ug9o1
 :i* is  suppos$ to repres5t ! "m (     
,raphael4    ,! "t = 8 dep>ture = ,muni*
 approa*$4 ,niebuhr1 :o  became embitt]$
 aga9/ ! arti/s & aga9/ ev]y?+  ,roman1 
endeavor$ to get him to rema9 9 ,prussia
 & to live 9  ,dsseldorf4 ,:5 ,cornelius
 ann\nc$ 8 dep>ture = ,muni*1 9  ord] to
 pa9t ! frescoes ( ! museum1 ,niebuhr   
wept 9 ang]1  & said1 ,cornelius1 :y d y
 d ?is to me8 ,he conv]s$  ) him = a    
long "t1 & receiv$ ! arti/'s promise to 

accept a call to ,dsseldorf aft] !      
erection ( ! ,academy (  ,arts 9 t t[n4 
,! he>t ( ,cornelius ?robb$ = ,g]many4  
,he (t5 felt homesick1 & ?\ght t1 :5 a  
,g]man arti/  =gets 8 fa!rl&1 he loses m
 9 "* ?an he c  ga9 9 o!r respects4     
,"s h d\bt$ ! fai? & piety ( ,cornelius4
 ,b !y are  wrong4 ,divisions sprang up 
among ! ,g]man arti/s ( ,rome1 &  e day 
p>ty _s increas$ 9 viol5ce4 ,:il/ _m ( !
  romantic s*ool 9 ,g]many look$ on     
,*ri/ian tru?1 ! life (  ! *ur* &       
,ca?olicism1 z ?+s m]ely to influ5ce !  
imag9ation & z helps to poetry1 !       
majority ( ! ,roman  arti/s call$       
,naz>5es 7 c>ri$ away by ! gr&eur &     
beauty ( fai?1 & became f]v5t memb]s ( !
 ,ca?olic  ,*ur*4 ,sev]al ( ^? born     
,prote/ants became conv]ts2 z1  =       
in/ance1 ,ov]beck1 ! two ,s*ad[s1 ,veit1
 ,vogel (  ,vogel/e91 & o!rs4 ,a cry 0  
imm$iately rais$ aga9/  !m4 ,niebuhr    
became enrag$1 & s5t = ! works ( ,lu!r  
aga9/ ! papacy1 9 ord] to c\nt]act !    
,ca?olic  t5d5cies ( ! arti/s4    ,! "q 

n[ arises1 :at "p ,cornelius took 9 ^!  
qu>rels4 ,"s h call$ him a free-?9k] &  
an enemy (  ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y 7 induc$ to
 d s f c]ta9 ?+s t  happ5$ ab\t ?is "t4 
,b x is c]ta9 t he 0 a firm  believ] 9  
revelation & a f]v5t ,ca?olic4 ,all 8   
fri5ds  atte/ ! fact t he nev] fail$ to 
g to confession & make  8 ,ea/]         
,communion4 ,he _h1 inde$1 a l>ge he>t1 
0 v  tol]ant t[>d ^? :o pr(ess$ a       
diff]5t religion f 8  own4 ,he nev] aim$
 at a high degree ( p]fection or a      
complete  k ( !ology4 ,!re are _m       
degrees ( ! ,*ri/ian  life1 z !re are 9 
nature4 ,e baptiz$ p]son :o simply      
believes ! doctr9es ( ! *ur* & keeps !  
comm&m5ts  is a memb] ( ! ,ca?olic      
,*ur*4 ,b he mu/ take a l[ place  among 
h] *ildr5 if he does n aim at p]fection1
 :ile o!r  s\ls avoid ! smalle/ s9s1    
mortify !mselves1 foll[ !  evangelical  
c\nsels1 & p]=m acts ( h]oism4          
,cornelius  belong$ to ! =m] class (    
,ca?olics4  #cih  ,he ackn[l$g$ himself 
t he _h nev] atta9$ to a high  degree ( 

p]fection1 & consol$ himself by say+3 ,9
 ,god's  heav5 !re are _m dwell+s2 !re w
 be "o !re = a  poor arti/4             
,cornelius1 l mo/ly all arti/s1 0 an    
ideali/ 9 politics  z 9 8 judgm5t (     
,*ri/ian life4 ,z he saw 9 ! actual     
condition ( ,rome & ! *ur* _m ?+s :i* he
 c\ld n  reconcile ) 8 ideal ( ! *ur*1  
he spoke 8 op9ions  c&idly & op5ly1 l a 
true ,rh9el&]1 aga9/ e  abuse4 ,he spoke
 ( ! necessity ( a g5]al c\ncil1 & told 
! pope 8 views 9 frequ5t audi5ces4 ,8   
advice 0 k9dly  tak51 & ! pontiff answ]$
 him quietly by say+3 ,my son1          
circum/ances are (t5 m p[]ful ?an       
ourselves4' ,we _c  ca/ (f all t weighs 
^u u ?r\gh life4 ,to accuse  ,cornelius 
( be+ a ,prote/ant because sometimes he 
express$ 9  art or conv]sation v peculi>
 s5tim5ts is ridicul\s4 ,on  ?is plea1  
,pet] ,damica1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 & _m o!r     
sa9ts :o  h spok5 boldly aga9/ abuses 9 
! *ur* %\ld be  consid]$ z unor?odox4   
,!y say ( ,cornelius t he 0  displeas$  
at ! conv]sion ( 8 ,prote/ant           

fell[-arti/s 9  ,rome4 ,he is report$ to
 h said3 ,if ano!r becomes ,ca?olic1  ,i
 %all turn ,prote/ant4 ,b ?is is a      
fiction4 ,! :ole  "* ( ,cornelius proves
 x to be su*4 ,he :o always  inculcat$  
tru? to 8 pupils1 & despis$ all         
holl[ness &  hypocrisy 9 life or art1 _c
 be suppos$ to h blam$ m5  = foll[+ out 
to ! lett] _! religi\s convictions4 ,x  
is impossible4 ,we h1 besides1 a        
te/imony to prove x4 ,:5  8 fri5d1 ,miss
 ,l9d]1 became a conv]t to ,ca?olicism1 
9  ,muni*1 9 ! ye> #ahdc1 he wrote h] a 
lett] :i* is /ill  extant4 ,9 ?is he    
praises h] in/ead ( propos+ objections  
to  h]4 ,9 ,rome ! news rea*$ me1 he    
writes1 t y _h at  la/ tak5 c\rage to   
make ! decisive /ep4 ,i am n surpris$4  
,god bless y & keep y free f spiritual  
pride &  rigorism1 79 my eyes almo/ !   
only s9s47 ,he _c1  !re=e1 h be5 (f5d$  
at ! conv]sion ( 8 ,prote/ant  fri5ds1 =
 we f9d him cont9u+ 8 fri5d%ip )        
,ov]beck  aft] ! latt]'s entrance into !
 *ur*4    ,f9ally1 ,niebuhr relates an  

anecdote :i* has giv5 rise to a  d\bt ( 
,cornelius's or?odoxy4 ,!re 0 a         
supp]-p>ty (  arti/s & le>n$ m51 "o     
ev5+1 9 ! ,cas>elli ,palace1 on  !      
,capitol4 ,:5 mu* w9e _h be5 drunk by ! 
p>ty1 !y  w5t out on ! flat ro( ( !     
build+1 & beheld ! planet  ,jupit] %9+ )
 unusual brilliancy4 ,!n ,cornelius said
 to  ,?orwalds51 ,let u dr9k to ! heal? 
( old ,jupit]4 ,)  all my he>t1 answ]$  
,?orwalds54 ,& !y drank ! toa/4  ,?is   
incid5t is adduc$ z a pro( t ,cornelius 
0 !n a  free-?9k]2 = he %[$ by 8 act a  
rejection (  ,*ri/ianity & a belief 9   
paganism4 ,b ?is toa/ proves  no?+4 ,x 0
 a m]e impulse2 a je/ ( m5 ov]-heat$ by 
w9e4 ,!re is c]ta9ly 9 ?is anecdote no?+
 to %[ a  delib]ate prote/ation aga9/ ! 
tru? ( revelation4    ,s mu* = !        
religi\s elem5t ( ,cornelius's "* at  t 
"t4    ,he 0 n[ no long] solit>y4 ,he _h
 m>ri$ a ,roman lady1 !  daught] ( a    
deal] 9 works ( art4 ,%e 0 call$ !      
,signora  ,c>ol9a1 a noble & good maid51
 simple & naive1 l  ! ,m>gu]ite ( ,fau/4

  #cii  ,%e bore him a daught]1 & ) ?is 
small family he 0 ab\t  to leave ,rome &
 return to ,g]many4    ,9 ,muni*1       
,cornelius became ! director ( a        
_w-r5[n$  academy1 a c5tre ( art1 a     
fri5d ( ! k+1 e/eem$ &  visit$ by all   
classes4 ,b 9 ,b]l9 he 0 a m]e private  
individual1 )\t position1 ?\ght little  
(1 )\t occasion  = ! prop] display ( 8  
arti/ic p[]s1 work+ quietly 9  8 /udio4 
,to use 8 own expression1 he 0 a solit>y
 sp>r[  on ! h\se-top4 ,b ?is trial 0   
necess>y = ! spiritual  welf>e & true   
greatness ( ! ma/]4 ,on ! #ab? ( ,april1
  ( ! ye> #ahda1 ,cornelius1 ) wife &   
*ildr51 _h left  ,muni*1 :]e a f>ewell  
d9n] 0 giv5 him4 ,9 ,dresd51 he 0       
honor$ by a tor*light procession (      
arti/s4 ,on ,april #bc;d1 he  rea*$     
,b]l94 ,all receiv$ him ) honor &       
applause4 ,he  visit$ ! celebrat$ m5 ( !
 city1 ,humboldt1 ,grimm1 ,rau*1  &     
,s*9kel1 :o receiv$ him into _! circle4 
,te/imonials (  e/eem f abroad rea*$    
him4 ,! ,que5 ( ,portugal wrote to      

reque/ him to s5d arti/s to ,portugal to
 introduce  fresco-pa9t+2 & ,"l ,monson 
reque/$ him to ornam5t 8  ca/le )       
frescoes4 ,cornelius travell$ to ,engl&1
 b !  sudd5 dea? ( ! "l & an oph?almia (
 ! arti/  necessitat$ 8 return to ,b]l94
    ,n[ days ( gloom began to dawn =    
him4 ,! ari/ocratic society  ( ! city   
did n suit him4 ,he pref]r$ 8 ,bav>ian  
be] to  ! insipid tea ( ! ,b]l9         
ari/ocracy4 ,he c\ld n flatt]  ! affect$
 connoisseurs ( art4 ,he 0 too indep5d5t
 to be a  toady4 ,he does n approa* u6 0
 ! compla9t1 & m5  began to criticise   
himself & 8 works h>%ly4    ,cornelius  
_h execut$ a pa9t+ 9 oil = ,c\nt        
,raczynski 9  #ahdc4 ,x 0 plac$ on      
exhibition4 ,x repres5t$ ! lib]ation  ( 
! s\ls 9 limbo by ! ,savi\r4 ,?\gh !    
color+ is  heavy & disagreeable1 /ill ! 
gr\p+ ( ! patri>*s &  _! c\nt5ances are 
highly *>act]i/ic & almo/               
unsurpassable4 ,b ! cry 0 imm$iately    
rais$ by ! :ole  cr[d ( art critics1 ,h[
 c we call ^! bodiless1 unnatural  =ms  

arti/ic1 or ^? heavy colors pa9t+8 ,!y  
treat$ !  arti/ ) contempt & look$ on   
him z a fall5 man4 ,a  celebrat$        
portrait-pa9t] ( ,b]l9 gave expression  
to ?is  s5tim5t3 ,if ,i f\nd 9 ! /reet a
 picture execut$ by  ,cornelius1 ,i w\ld
 n pick x up6 ,?is op9ion became g5]al  
9 ,b]l94 ,?is 0 =tunate = ! salvation ( 
! ma/] &  = 8 art4 ,he )drew f ! _w1 &  
became m  recollect$ & devot$ m         
exclusively to 8 art4    ,= "s "t he    
made little %[4 ,h[ev]1 ! k+ gave him an
  ord] = a "w 9 :i* he _h an opportunity
 ( display+ 8  p[]s ( imag9ation4 ,x 0 !
 design ( a %ield :i*  ,william ,,iv4   
wi%$ to pres5t to ! "y ,pr9ce ( ,wales z
 a  godfa!r's gift4 ,cornelius f9i%$ x 9
 six weeks4 ,x 0 a  r\nd %ield1 9 !     
middle ( :i* ,*ri/ is repres5t$ on !    
cross2 9 ! corn]s appe> ! f\r           
evangeli/s1 & ov] !m  ! f\r c>d9al      
virtues2 9 ! f\r arms ( ! cross1 baptism
  & ! ,la/ ,supp]1 & _! figures 9 ! ,old
 ,te/am5t1 !  gu%+ ( ! wat] f ! rock1 & 
! ra9 ( manna4 ,r\nd  ab\t ! %ield 7    

c>v$ ! bu/s ( ! twelve apo/les4 ,on  its
 rim 7 depict$ sc5es f ! passion &      
triumph (  ,*ri/1 f ! entry into        
,j]usalem to ! apo/olic mission4  #djj  
,9 ord] to %[ ! connection ( ! anci5t   
*ur* ) !  pres5t1 "o ( ! apo/les is     
repres5t$ z l&+ ) !  di/+ui%$ gue/s f   
,prussia 9 ord] to adm9i/] baptism  to !
 pr9ce4 ,?is little "w brea!s ! _s ( !  
arti/2 x is g5ial1 sev]e1 expressive1   
full ( /yle2 (t5  qua9t & s+ul>1 by !   
induction ( mod]n p]sonages1 ,que5      
,victoria1 ,well+ton1 & ,humboldt4      
,k+ ,fr$]ick ,william ,,iv4 det]m9$1 at 
?is "t1 to erect a  *ur* :i* %\ld vie ) 
t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome & ,/4  ,paul's 9
 ,london4 ,/l] made ! plan4 ,cornelius 0
 to ornam5t  ! walls ) frescoes4 ,he    
und]took ?is task 9 #ahdc4 ,he felt     
aga9 all 8 p[]s revive4 ,exult+ly he    
wrote to ! academy  ( ,mn/]1 :i* _h giv5
 ! great arti/ ! diploma ( a  doctor 9  
philosophy 9 recognition ( 8 ability3 ,a
 great1  holy field1 campo santo1 has   
be5 op5$ to me1 ?r\gh  ! favor (        

,provid5ce & ! grace ( my illu/ri\s k+ &
  sov]eign1 9 ord] to execute ^u x :at  
,god has put 9 my  s\l4 ,may he enlight5
 my _s & p5etrate my he>t ) 8  love2 op5
 my eyes to ! glory ( 8 works1 fill me )
 piety  & tru?1 & guide e motion ( my   
h&6    ,9 ord] to h ! requisite quiet & 
leisure = ?is  gigantic "w1 ,cornelius  
made a second trip to ,rome1 t  p>adise 
( pa9t]s & head ( ,ca?olicity4 ,f ! spr+
 (  ! ye> #ahdc to ,may1 #ahdd1 & aga9 f
 ,m>*1 #ahde to #ahdf1  he dwelt 9 !    
,et]nal ,city4    ,aft] 8 return f      
,rome1 he labor$ incessantly at ,b]l9 to
  f9i% 8 great und]tak+4 ,9 ,janu>y1    
#ahde1 ! fir/ sket*  0 end$2 9 #ahdf1 ! 
glori\s1 unequall$ c>toon ( !  horsem5 9
 ! apocalypse1 :i* 0 exhibit$ 9 ,rome1  
,b]l91  ,gh5t1 & ,vi5na1 & at ! feet (  
:i* ! :ole s*ool (  ,belgian arti/s laid
 a laurel cr[n4 ,! gov]nm5t also gave   
him  a h\se on ! royal squ>e1 9 :i* to  
prosecute 8  und]tak+4 ,he f9i%$ ! :ole 
s]ies ( decorations 9  tw5ty-five ye>s4 
,he work$ ) inexpressible pleasure &    

joy1  al?\gh none ( ^? pictures really  
came to its de/9$  place4 ,he labor$ )\t
 desire ( fame4 ,he pa9t$ z ! bird  s+s 
on ! b\ghs4 ,z none ( 8 great works or  
frescoes 7  expos$ publicly at ,b]l91 he
 rema9$ almo/ unkn[n to !  p2 b he f\nd 
8 sole delight 9 ! love ( 8 art1 &  9   
application to its expression4    ,9 !  
ye> #ahcc1 he lo/ 8 fir/ wife4 ,he m>ri$
 aga91 9  ,rome1 a lady nam$ ,g]trude1  
di/+ui%$ = beauty & virtue4  ,%e di$ 9  
#ahei4 ,8 daught] ,m>ie also di$ at !   
same "t1  :o _h be5 esp\s$ to ! ,m>quis 
,m>celli4 ,?us he drank ( a  bitt]      
*alice6 ,:5 he w5t to ,rome = ! la/ "t1 
on !  #ad? ( ,april1 #ahfa1 al?\gh ag$1 
he made a ?ird' m>riage 9  esp\s+ ,!resa
 ( ,urb9o1 :om he _h met & admir$ 9 !   
h\se ( 8 daught]6 ,?is wife att5d$ ! la/
 ye>s ( 8  life1 & /ood by 8 dea?-b$4   
,! resid5ce ( ,cornelius 9 ,b]l9 _h made
 him m & m  atta*$ to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 
,he wrote 9 #ahea to a fri5d 9  ,muni*3 
,! invisible *ur* is ! only "o to be    
f\nd among  ,g]man ,prote/ants4 ,i h    

tri$ to f9d a *ur* among !m  "h1 b s f> 
my se>* has be5 9 va94 ,9 ,rome1 ,i am  
always  a half-h]etic1 b "h ,i am m     
,ca?olic ev]yday4  #dja  ,:5 he made 8  
la/ voyage to ,rome1 he pass$ ?r\gh     
,muni* on  8 return1 & paid a visit to 8
 fri5d ,s*lot?au]1 to :om  he spoke ?us3
 ,fri5d1 ,i am n[ entirely ( y\r way (  
?9k+  9 religi\s matt]s4 ,b]l9 has made 
me entirely ,ca?olic4 ,only  n[ d ,i    
prize ,ca?olicism suffici5tly4 ,if ! ,k+
 ( ,bav>ia  7 "h1 ,i w\ld seek him & say
 to him op5ly3 ',y\r maje/y1  ,bav>ia is
 /ill a ,ca?olic c\ntry1 & ?is is !     
cause ( its  /r5g? & greatness4 ,try to 
keep x s4 ,?is is ! be/  policy4' ,to 8 
fri5d ,r+seis he made a simil> /atem5t1 
add+ t he _h travell$ to ,muni* on      
purpose to in=m !m  ( 8 ?or\gh          
conv]sion4    ,9 ano!r in/ance1 also1 ! 
f]vor ( ,cornelius's fai? &  *>ity      
display$ itself4 ,he pres5t$ ! committee
 :o 7  engag$ 9 erect+ a ,ca?olic       
hospital ) a pa9t+ ( ,/4  ,elizabe?     
surpris$ by h] husb& 9 ! act ( nurs+ a  

sick  paup] 9 h] own b$4 ,! picture 0   
sold1 aft] hav+ be5  li?ograph$1 &      
realiz$ a l>ge sum = ! int5d$ purpose4  
,he 0 extremely ho/ile to ! ,life (     
,jesus1 by ,r5an1  & consid]$ ! attempt 
to take away ! memb]s ( div9ity  f !    
head ( ,*ri/ z highly injuri\s to       
,*ri/ian art4 ,!  gray-head$ pr9ce (    
pa9t+1 on ?is acc\nt1 pa9t$ !           
,resurrection1 *oos+ = subject ! v mom5t
 :5 !  hi!rto incr$ul\s ,?omas exclaims1
 ,my ,god & my ,"l6 ,he  exhibit$ ?is   
picture ) religi\s en?usiasm1 & po9t$ x 
out to visitors1 say+1 ,t is aga9/      
,r5an6 ,he wi%$ to  leave beh9d him a   
cle> pr(ession ( 8 belief 9 ! div9ity  (
 ,jesus4    ,cornelius sp5t ! la/ six   
ye>s ( 8 life 9 ,b]l91 9 a  k9d ( hidd5 
life1 cont9ually occupi$1 l ,plato1 9 8 
old  age1 always lively1 loquaci\s1 &   
fond ( society1 s t he  ga!r$ ar\nd him 
a ho/ ( "y arti/s & savans4  ,!         
tranquillity ( 8 life 0 only brok5 at   
?is p]iod by a  few excursions4 ,9 ! ye>
 #ahfb1 he w5t to ,dsseldorf2 9 #ahfc1  

to ,tri] on pr(essional bus9ess4 ,9     
#ahfd1 he made 8 la/  visit to ,muni*1  
t[>d :i* 8 he>t always ye>n$4    ,8     
visit to ,muni* %ort5$ 8 life4 ,!       
fatigues ( !  j\rney1 & ! visits :i* he 
receiv$ & 0 oblig$ to  make1 z well z ! 
ovations t5d]$ him1 wore him out4 ,he   
became ill1 & return$ sick to ,b]l94 ,a 
disease ( ! he>t  decl>$ itself2 9      
,febru>y1 #ahfg1 8 case became hopeless4
 ,he  call$ = a prie/1 & receiv$ all !  
sacram5ts ( !  *ur* tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e 
8 dea?4 ,he took leave ( 8  belov$ wife 
& fri5ds1 seiz$ 8 crucifix1 & brea!d 8  
la/1 utt]+ ! words3 ,pray6 pray6 ,he di$
 on ! #f? (  ,m>*1 at t5 ,a4,m41 on     
,a%-,w$nesday4 ,ov] 8 rema9s 0 hung  8  
own pa9t+ ( ,p5teco/1 z ov] ^? (        
,raphael !  picture ( ! ,resurrection4  
,he 0 buri$ on ! #f? ( ,m>*1  & all !   
nobility & tal5t ( ,b]l9 =m$ a "p ( 8   
fun]al cortge4    ,dea? has tak5 f u ?is
 great ma/] ( ,g]man pa9t+2  b1 to use !
 language ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 x has only tak5 
8  cloak1 = 8 _s /ill lives6 ,x lives 9 

! heav5ly  ,j]usalem4 ,x lives 9 8      
works1 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 & 9  ! brea/s (
 8 pupils on e>?1 :o be> al(t ! /&>d  ( 
pure1 ideal1 religi\s art4 ,all w be>   
te/imony t  ,cornelius is ! man :o fre$ 
mod]n ,g]man pa9t+ f  =eign mann]ism1   
op5$ ! way = g5]\s monum5tal  frescoes1 
:i* embrac$ ) equal cordiality ! ?ree   
worlds  ( ! classic ,g]man1 national1 & 
,*ri/ian manife/ations2  :o portray$ !  
deepe/ ?\ghts 9 ! mo/ noble =ms1 &  ^:  
works are unrivall$ 9 colossal          
proportions1 ri*ness (  expression1 &   
/rik+ *>act]ization1 ar*itectural       
proportions & dramatic life1 by any     
ma/]pieces ( antiquity2  :ile1 9 ! piety
 & sweetness ( ! c\nt5ances portray$  & 
! h>moni\s color+ ( ! :ole1 !y exce$    
any?+ 9  mod]n art4    #djb    ,! news (
 8 dea? br\ght sadness ev]y:]e4 ,9      
,muni*1  ,moz>t's solemn ,requiem 0 sung
 = 8 s\l4 ,pr(essor ,c>ri]e  pron\nc$ a 
panegyric on him 9 ! ev5+4 ,a few days  
aft]1  ,pr(essor ,sepp pron\nc$ ano!r   
eulogium on him1 call+ him  ! ,%akespe>e

 ( pa9t+1 :il/ ,ov]beck he call$ !      
,cald]on ( ! art4    ,9 ,/uttg>t1 :5 !  
news ( 8 dea? 0 he>d1 ! halls (  ! *ur*1
 :]e a requiem 0 sung = 8 s\l1 7 hung ) 
copies ( 8 own pa9t+s4 ,lbke spoke on ! 
occasion1 &  drew a p>allel betwe5      
,cornelius & ,phidias & ,mi*ael ,angelo4
  ,9 ,dresd51 ,hettn] made ! fun]al     
disc\rse4 ,f9ally1 9 ,rome1  ! ,et]nal  
,city1 f :i* ,cornelius _h gone =? to   
conqu]  a new _w ( art1 & to :i* he _h  
return$ 9 ord] to draw  inspiration f   
its associations & h a p]fect intuition 
(  ! ideal1 a solemn requiem 0 sung =   
him 9 ! ,g]man  national *ur* ( !       
,anima1 at :i* ,k+ ,l\is ,i41 (         
,bav>ia1 :o _h op5$ ! pa? ( immortality 
to ! arti/1  ,ov]beck1 :o _h lov$ him = 
fifty-six ye>s1 & all !  arti/s ( ,rome1
 assi/$4 ,a few days be=e1 ,k+ ,l\is _h 
writt5 a lett] to ! wid[ ( ,cornelius1  
:o liv$ 9 ,b]l94  ,9 x occurr$ ^! words3
 ,be assur$ ( my pr(\nd sympa?y  9 y\r  
great loss2 b n alone y\r loss1 b our   
common loss4  ,! sun ( heav5 became d>k 

:5 he :o 0 ! sun ( art 0  ext+ui%$4 ,b !
 sun w %9e aga9 9 ! heav5s1 b we  %all  
h>dly ev] see ano!r ,cornelius6    ,!   
:ole _w on bo? sides ( ! ,alps h unit$ 9
  r5d]+ homage to ! g5ius ( ,cornelius1 
& lay+ cr[ns on  8 sepul*re at ,b]l94 ,b
 ! la/ monum5t to 8 glory w\ld  be !    
ornam5tation ( ! ca!dral 9 t city ) 8   
wond]ful compositions4 ,t su* an ev5t   
%\ld happ5 !re  0 giv5 to ,cornelius !  
^w ( a k+4    ,we :o admir$ & lov$ !    
arti/ & 8 g5ius only pray t  he may     
enjoy n[ an et]nal1 happy re/ 9 ! bosom 
( !  ,au?or ( beauty1 f :om he always   
drew ! inspiration ( 8  art4    --------
    #djc        ,:at %all we d ) !      
,indians8      ,! ,commission]s :om our 
,gov]nm5t rec5tly s5t out to !  ,pla9s  
to negotiate treaties ) ! ho/ile        
,indians1 h  pat*$ up a truce ) "s ( !  
mo/ dang]\s ( ! tribes1  & ! p are      
congratulat+ !mselves t ! w>f>e is  ov]4
 ,we might h be5 on good t]ms ) !       
savages any "t  ?is la/ half-c5tury1 if 
we _h be5 hone/ly s m9d$ & _h  kn[n h[  

to gov]n ourselves & ! r$ man too4 ,yet 
! record  ( our int]c\rse ) ! aborig9es 
has be5 no?+ b a  hi/ory ( long w>s &   
%ort truces4 ,ye>s ( ! mo/ t]rible      
ho/ilities h be5 foll[$ by a few mon?s (
 prec>i\s  quiet1 & ! ,we/]n pione] has 
be5 almo/ inv>iably  oblig$1 l 8        
,new-,engl& ance/ors1 to till 8 acres ) 
"o h& on ! pl\gh & ! o!r on 8 gun4 ,he  
has nev]  kn[n a mon? ( security4 ,he   
has nev] left 8 log cab9 9 !  morn+ )\t 
reasonable fe> t he w\ld f9d x 9 flames 
:5 he return$ at night4 ,he has le>n$ to
 look ^u ! ,indian  z a noxi\s bea/1 :om
 no promises c\ld b9d1 no good  treatm5t
 c\ld mollify2 z a pe/ :i* e hone/ man 0
  ju/ifi$ 9 consci5ce1 if he 0 n b\nd 9 
duty1 to d 8  utmo/ to ext]m9ate4 ,a w> 
( races betwe5 ! r$ & !  :ite has long  
be5 a c>d9al doctr9e 9 ! cre$ ( !       
prairie settl]1 & 8 *ief social pr9ciple
 has be51 ,w> to  ! knife ) ! ,indian1 &
 no qu>t]4    ,"h is a dreadful /ate (  
?+s = a ,*ri/ian p to  contemplate2 & ! 
fault ( x1 to speak pla9 ,engli%1 is all

  our own4 ,manag$ z we manage !m1      
,indian affairs c be no?+  else ?an a   
p]petual affliction4 ,treat$ z we treat 
!m1 !  aborig9es ( ! ,we/ _c help be+   
our cruel & implacable  foes4 ,! devil  
himself c\ld h>dly inv5t a wrong :i* we 
h  n done to ! primitive own]s ( our    
t]ritory4 ,!y once  /ood 9 awe ( u z    
sup]ior be+s2 we h committ$ e           
conceivable bas5ess t c\ld belittle u 9 
_! e/imation4  ,!y _h noble traits ( "*2
 we h done all we c\ld to  oblit]ate !m4
 ,!y _h ! common faults ( unciviliz$    
pagans2 we h int5sifi$ !m4 ,!y are pr\d2
 we insult !m4  ,!y are rev5geful2 we   
aggravate !m4 ,!y are covet\s2 we rob   
!m4 ,!y h a natural t5d5cy t[>d         
drunk5ness2 we keep  !m suppli$ )       
liquor4 ,!y are cruel2 we tempt !m to   
murd]4 ,! noble savage ( ! novel & !    
/age1 we grant1  is a fiction2 b he is n
 m unreal ?an ! irr$eemable  brute :o is
 popul>ly depict$ z ! t]ror ( !         
fronti]sman  & ! we/]n emigrant4 ,!     
,indians1 aft] all1 are n s v  diff]5t f

 o!r human be+s4 ,l all mank9d1 !y h    
great virtues & great faults2 & if a    
fair balance c\ld be  /ruck1 we are by  
no means c]ta9 t _! cr$its w\ld n  exce$
 our own4 ,!re is _m a vice :i* !y nev] 
w\ld h  kn[n if !y _h n le>n$ x f u2 b  
we c ?9k ( no  species ( crime :i* !    
,indians h taught to :ite m54 ,x  is an 
insane piece ( wick$ness to treat any   
race ( human  be+s z v]m91 :om x is a   
m]cy to ! re/ ( mank9d to  sweep out (  
exi/5ce4  #djd  ,god nev] made tribes ( 
m5 to be slaught]$4 ,all creatures  )   
human s\ls are capable ( moral & m5tal  
improvem5t2  capable ( a great] or less 
degree ( civilization2 capable (  be+   
br\ght "u ! rule ( law1 & be+ made      
useful to !  re/ ( ! _w4 ,if we h fail$ 
s5sibly to improve !  condition ( !     
,indians1 or to tea* !m any?+ m (       
civilization ?an "s ( its wor/ vices1 ! 
fault is our own4    ,we h to deal ) two
 classes ( ,indians 9 ! ,we/1 & our     
sy/em ) bo? is z bad z any sy/em c be4  
,z settlem5ts  h encroa*$ ^u ! prairies 

& =e/s :]e ! savages  roam$ 9 pursuit ( 
game1 we h1 z a rule1 gone ?r\gh !  =m (
 buy+ ! t]ritory f ! tribes :i* claim$  
x4  ,^! tribes h !n be5 remov$ fur!r    
we/w>d1 or h  be5 assign$ c]ta9 l&s     
call$ res]vations4 ,!  consid]ation =   
:i* ! l&s are b\ght is n a sum (  money1
 paid to ! savages 9 h&1 b a fix$       
annuity1 giv5 to  !m 9 =m ( m]*&ise1    
clo?+1 blankets1 implem5ts (  ! *ase & (
 husb&ry1 tr9kets1 & o!r goods *iefly   
priz$ by ! r$ m52 & to ov]see ! =w>d+ & 
di/ribution ( ^! articles1 z well z to  
look aft] !  g5]al int]e/s ( ! tribes1  
to protect !m f oppression  on ! "p ( ! 
:ites1 & to *eck crimes & outrages1 we  
s5d out into ! ,indian c\ntry a numb] ( 
(fic]s call$  ,indian ,ag5ts &          
,sup]9t5d5ts4 ,on ! res]vations1 :]e  "s
 ef=t has be5 made to tea* ! savages !  
habits (  civiliz$ life1 !re are s*ools1
 f>ms1 & work%ops4 ,!  w&]+ tribes ( !  
f> ,we/1 h[ev]1 subsi/ :olly by !  *ase1
 & pres]ve all _! primitive wildness4 ,!
 ,indian  ,ag5t 9 _! t]ritory has little

 to d b di/ribute _!  annuities1 & :5 !y
 commit any outrage ^u ! settl]s try  to
 h !m puni%$4 ,n[1 !re is no?+ v        
objectionable  9 our way ( deal+ ) ^!   
two classes ( ,indians1  provid$ ! ag5ts
 & sup]9t5d5ts are hone/ &  compet5t m52
 b exp]i5ce has prov$ t1 z a rule1 !y   
are nei!r1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 !re are       
honorable exceptions4  ,"o unpr9cipl$   
adv5tur] 9 p[] ov] ^! fi]ce tribes c    
raise a tumult :i* ye>s ( w>f>e _c      
subdue4 ,"o  sw9dl+ ag5t c upset a      
treaty :i* has co/ ! gov]nm5t  hundr$ ( 
lives & millions ( doll>s4 ,h[ (t5 has n
 ?is  be5 done6 ,x is notori\s t mo/ ( !
 m5 :o receive  appo9tm5ts 9 ! ,indian  
c\ntry are p]sons ( no "*1  :o dem& an  
opportunity ( enri*+ !mselves at ! r$   
man's exp5se1 z a rew>d = political     
s]vices r5d]$ to !  p>ty 9 p[]4 ,x is   
probably a r>e ?+ = any tribe (         
,indians to receive ! :ole am\nt ( !    
annuity to :i* !y  are entitl$1 & = :i* 
! gov]nm5t pays4 ,!y are  sw9dl$ fir/ 9 
! price :i* gov]nm5t pays = ! goods1  & 

!n !y are sw9dl$ aga9 by ! ag5ts1 :o    
deliv] j  z _m ( ! articles z !y please1
 & no m1 or by !  team/]s :o lose       
packages on ! road4 ,worse /ill are !   
trad]s :o sell ! poor savages :isky &   
gunp[d]1 &  collect _! debts f !        
di/ributors ( annuities4 ,h[  _m ( ^!   
debts d our read]s suppose are j8 ,& :5 
!re is a corrupt und]/&+ betwe5 ! trad] 
& !  ag5t1 :at *ance has ! poor ,indian 
= ju/ice8  #dje  ,x is 9 ?is atroci\s   
mann] t ! orig9al own]s ( our  soil h   
b>t]$ away _! bir?right = a mess (      
pottage--  sold _! ri* acres = a glass (
 rum4 ,x is 9 ?is way t  ! treaties ) ! 
tribes are cont9ually brok54 ,! ,indians
  gave up _! l&s = a c]ta9 annual       
consid]ation4 ,!  consid]ation is n paid
 !m 9 full1 & (t5 is h>dly paid  at all4
 ,h[ are !y to "k :e!r we are all       
sw9dl]s alike1  or are only 9 ! habit ( 
appo9t+ sw9dl]s to positions (  tru/ &  
responsibility8    ,^!1 h[ev]1 are n !  
only wrongs ( :i* ! ,indian has  to     
compla94 ,! te/imony ( mission>ies & o!r

 tru/y  witnesses1 is unanim\s 9 say+ t 
! fronti] settl]s z a  g5]al rule are   
p]fectly unscrupul\s & lawless 9 all _! 
deal+s ) ! tribes4 ,contact ) ! :ites   
always means  demoralization1           
drunk5ness1 & dome/ic infamy = !        
,indian4  ,8 prop]ty is appropriat$1 8  
cab9 is invad$1 8 h\se is  defil$1 & if 
he resi/s he is murd]$1 & ! murd]] nev] 
is puni%$4 ,he has no rights :i* ! :ite 
man is b\nd to  respect4 ,he is no?+ b a
 brute1 to be hunt$ z m5 hunt !         
buffalo1 or kill$ (f l ! wolves1 ) a    
price set ^u 8  scalp4 ,no wond] we h   
w>2 x is a wond] we ev] h peace4    ,!  
commission]s :o 7 rec5tly s5t out to !  
pla9s by !  national gov]nm5t to        
inve/igate ! tr\bles & try to devise  a 
way out ( !m1 are und]/ood to favor !   
removal ( all !  ,indian tribes to      
res]vations :]e !y w be out ( ! way  ( !
 great r\tes ( travel across ! cont95t1 
& :]e  :ite m5 w h no excuse to int]f]e 
) !m4 ,t is to  say1 _! plan consi/s    
m]ely ( an enl>gem5t ( !  sup]9t5d5t    

sy/em4 ,cut (f f a great "p ( _!        
hunt+-gr\nds1 ! savages w become m ?an  
ev] dep5d5t  ^u ! lib]ality ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates gov]nm5t1 & m  ?an ev] 9 ! p[] ( 
! ag5ts & trad]s ?r\gh ^:  h&s !        
national l>g5ess mu/ pass4 ,moreov]1 x  
is  evid5t t ! b\nd>ies ( ! res]vations 
_c be  p]man5tly fix$4 ,z ! :ite        
settlem5ts exp&1 ! ,indian  t]ritories  
mu/ contract4 ,nobody c = a mom5t       
suppose t  ! propriet>y rights ( !      
,indians w long be respect$ :5  !       
,yankee emigrant wants _! l&s4 ,:at w   
happ5 :5 !  b\nd>ies are brok5 ?r\gh8   
,unless ! ,indians h le>n$ by  t "t to  
support !mselves by labor & to con=m to 
a  civiliz$ mode ( life1 !y w infallibly
 be cru%$ out (  exi/5ce4 ,!re w be     
ano!r horrible w> :i* w h no  end until 
! r$ m5 are virtually ext]m9at$4 ,n[1 ! 
s]i\s duty ( prep>+ ^! rude tribes = !  
*ang$  conditions ( life :i* mu/ soon   
come ^u !m1 & fitt+  !m = a gradual &   
peaceable absorption into ! re/ ( !     
community--:i* is _! only hope (        

exi/5ce--mu/ fall1 if  ! plan ( !       
commission]s be adopt$1 ^u ! ,indian    
ag5ts  & sup]9t5d5ts4 ,! p[] ( ^! m5 =  
good or =  mis*ief w be enorm\sly       
increas$4 ,h5ce1 unless "s  effective   
measures be tak5 to fill ^! important   
(fices )  m5 ( a bett] class ?an h      
hi!rto secur$ !m1 our  pres5t evils w be
 correspond+ly increas$4 ,! gov]nm5t    
sw9dl] w come back to ! savages ) sev5  
o!r devils  m wick$ ?an himself1 & ! la/
 /ate ( ^? poor  wret*es w be worse ?an 
! fir/4    #djf    ,is !re any reason to
 expect improvem5t8 ,we see n !         
slighte/ s long z ^! (fices are         
di/ribut$ on ! same  pr9ciple z o!r     
gov]nm5t appo9tm5ts1 & rat$ among !     
political spoils t belong to ! p>ty 9   
p[]4 ,an ,indian  ag5t ought to be a man
 ( sup]ior abilities2 b m5 (  sup]ior   
abilities w n bani% !mselves to ! des]t 
except = "o ( two reasons3 ei!r !y mu/  
be animat$ by  dis9t]e/$ *>ity1 or !y   
mu/ expect to make a good deal (  money 
out ( ! (fice ov] & above _! trifl+     

sal>ies4  ,*>ity is n "o ( ! *>act]i/ics
 ( political hacks4 ,z  = ! o!r motive1 
we "k pretty well h[ (t5 x op]ates4  ,to
 f9d capable p]sons to und]take ?is "w2 
m5 (  incorruptible integrity1 ( l(ty   
purpose1 & ( moral  =ce2 m5 :om !       
,indians w respect & obey1 & :o  w be   
likely to p]sev]e 9 _! ardu\s task1 we  
mu/ g  outside ! p>tisan ranks4 ,:]e    
%all we f9d !m & h[  %all we recognize  
!m8    ,!re are su* m51 :o h be5 at "w 9
 ?is v ent]prise  ev] s9ce ! discov]y ( 
,am]ica1 & !re are num]\s  communities (
 ,indians :om !y h almo/ entirely       
reclaim$  f savage life & made quiet &  
useful memb]s ( society4 ,if  !y h n    
done m1 x is because !y h nev] be5 free 
f int]f]5ce4 ,! unruly settl] has       
inv>iably brok5 9  ^u _! "w & br\ght    
into ! communities :i* !y 7  labori\sly 
civiliz+ ! fatal di/urbances (          
drunk5ness &  lic5se4 ,if ! mission>ies 
c\ld be left alone1 !y w\ld soon  n only
 ,*ri/ianize ! savages b r$uce !m to    
ord]4  ,scatt]$ all ov] ! ,we/ !re are  

?riv+ little settlem5ts  :]e ! dusky    
hunt] has turn$ 8 spe> into a pl\gh%>e1 
& "u ! directions ( ! prie/ has le>n$ m 
or less  ( indu/ry & peaceful arts1 &   
=gott5 ! fi]ce impulses  :i* once made  
him a t]ror to ! pla9s4 ,9 ^! quiet     
villages ! s*ool-h\se & ! *apel are     
cr[d$ ) zeal\s  le>n]s1 ! fields & g>d5s
 bloom ) ! evid5ces (  ?rift4 ,s long z 
! :ite man keeps away1 !re is quiet &   
prosp]ity4 ,! great mission ( ,/4       
,m>y's1 among !  ,pottawattomies 9      
,ea/]n ,kansas1 is a notable example (  
:at  ! mission>ies c d t[>d civiliz+ !  
poor wret*es :om  we h s long be5 try+  
to tame ) gunp[d]4 ,& !  te/imony (     
travell]s1 army (fic]s1 & gov]nm5t      
function>ies g5]ally is unanim\s z to ! 
complete success  ( ! ,ca?olic prie/s 9 
deal+ ) ! great problem :i*  p]plexes   
our national legislature4    ,:y !n %\ld
 we n leave to ^! mission>ies ! task 9  
:i* !y h made su* satisfactory progress8
 ,if we let !m  alone1 _! progress w be 
t5fold m rapid ?an x has ev]  be5 yet4  

,_! conque/s w soon be numb]$ n by      
villages  b by nations4 ,! mission ( ,/4
 ,m>y's w be repeat$ 9  e corn] ( !     
,we/2 & if ! gov]nm5t c only devise  "s 
means ( keep+ away f ^! nurs]ies (      
,*ri/ianity  ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( :ite 
?ieves1 drunk>ds1 &  adv5tur]s1 !       
,indians 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le g5]ation  w 
be ready = absorption into ! re/ ( !    
population1  w be fit to live side by   
side ) u1 to till ! l& z we  d1 & e>n _!
 bread by hone/ labor1 & !n all !       
tr\ble w be ov]4 ,if ?is policy c\ld be 
adopt$1 !  res]vation plan ( ! peace    
commission]s w\ld be a v good  "o4  #djg
  ,:ite m5 %\ld be /rictly =bidd5 to    
trespass ^u !  t]ritory ?us set ap>t1 & 
! milit>y might be employ$ to  en=ce !  
prohibition4 ,let ! :ole ma*9]y (       
ag5cies1  etc41 be utt]ly aboli%$1 z    
useless & demoraliz+4 ,!n let  ! money  
n[ sp5t 9 ! pur*ase ( beads & simil>    
toys1  :i* ! ,indians !mselves are le>n+
 to despise1 be devot$  to ! e/abli%m5t1
 /ock+1 & support ( s*ools1 f>ms1  &    

indu/rial e/abli%m5ts1 "u ! *>ge ( any  
au?oriz$  mission>ies ( good /&+ :o are 
will+ to s]ve )\t  pay4 ,( c\rse1 we    
anticipate little success f any         
mission>ies except ,ca?olic prie/s2 b we
 _c expect a  non-,ca?olic gov]nm5t to  
re/rict its confid5ce to !m1 &  we ask  
no m ?an to h ! field ?r[n op5 to       
volunte]s  ( all d5om9ations on equal   
t]ms4 ,we "k well en\gh1 if ?is  be     
done1 t ! great majority ( ! labor]s w  
be ^? (  our own h\sehold4 ,! pur*ase ( 
annuity goods %\ld be made  9 accordance
 ) ! recomm5dations ( ! sup]iors ( !    
missions2 b _! di/ribution1 le/ !re %\ld
 be ev5 a  suspicion ( unfair deal+1    
might be arrang$ ?r\gh !  ne>e/ milit>y 
comm&]s4 ,we w\ld n h cl]gym5 mix$ up  )
 gov]nm5t money matt]s1 & army (fic]s   
w\ld probably  manage !m hone/ly4       
,visitors %\ld be appo9t$ p]iodically   
by ,congress to inspect & report ^u !   
condition ( !  missions1 & ^? :i* 7 n   
prop]ly ord]$ %\ld be put  into o!r h&s4
    ,"u ?is arrangem5t ! mission>ies    

w\ld ask no?+ f  ! gov]nm5t b a free    
field & no int]f]5ce4 ,!y w\ld  receive 
none ( ! public money4 ,!y w\ld ask = no
 p[]  except :at ! ,indians *ose to     
conf] ^u !m4 ,! dome/ic  gov]nm5t ( !   
tribes c\ld be manag$ j z t ( all  o!r  
,am]ican settlem5ts is manag$1 by !     
settl]s  !mselves4 ,! mission>y w\ld be 
m]ely _! guide &  tea*]4 ,he w\ld desire
 no p[] ov] !m beyond :at he has        
already4 ,! ,ca?olic prie/ nev] fails to
 secure an asc5d5cy  ov] ! savage m9d by
 ! legitimate influ5ce ( 8 p]sonal  "* &
 ( ! message :i* he comes to prea*4 ,(  
c\rse  x w\ld be _m ye>s be=e ! :ole    
field c\ld be occupi$2  b if ! ,unit$   
,/ates gov]nm5t w\ld invite ! coop]ation
  ( all religi\s d5om9ations 9 ! great  
"w ( civilization1  we are p]suad$ t    
scores ( zeal\s prie/s w\ld (f]         
!mselves = ! labor1 t ! ,jesuits & o!r  
great  mission>y ord]s w\ld be prodigal 
( _! subjects1 & t a  g5]\s & e>ne/ _s  
w\ld be ar\s$ among ! ,ca?olic  p & w\ld
 lead to ! collection ( an ample fund = 

!  support ( ! ent]prise4    ,we are n  
sangu9e t ! gov]nm5t w adopt ?is plan4  
,!re are too _m oppos+ influ5ces2 x is  
too h>d to d  "r2 & x is s easy to      
oppress an inf]ior p :5 y  c make money 
by do+ x1 & get public applause at !    
same  "t4 ,b we see no o!r hope = !     
,indian except 9 !  protection ( !      
mission>y1 & no prospect ( peace on !   
fronti] until 9 our deal+s ) ! aborig9es
 we take z our  motto1 ,ju/ice &        
,b5evol5ce4    --------    #djh         
,translat$ ,f ,! ,g]man4                
,bell9i's ,romance4      ,i 0 a gue/ at 
a pleasant c\ntry fe/ival at ,eis5b]g1 a
 few  h\rs' ride f ,dresd51 at ! close (
 ,septemb]1 #ahce4 ,!  po/-boy br\ght me
 a lett] t caus$ me to ord] my horse    
saddl$ imm$iately4 ,x 0 a brief note f  
my fri5d ,j4 ,p4  ,pixis1 in=m+ me t ,la
 ,sonnambula 0 to be p]=m$  t ev5+2 my  
favorite song/ress1 ,francilla ------1 9
 !  "p ( ,am9a4 ,i 0 m ?an half 9 love )
 t  en*antress1 & trembl$ ) delight at !
 prospect ( see+  h]1 :ile ,i took a    

ha/y leave ( my rural ent]ta9]s4    ,i  
arriv$ 9 "t1 b w\ld n call ^u ,francilla
 till aft]  ! op]a2 n until ! next      
morn+1 = ,i wi%$ to see h]  alone4 ,i 0 
e>ly at ! door ( h] lodg+s 9 ,ca/le     
/reet4  ,:5 %e came into ! draw+-room & 
advanc$ to greet me1 ,i  0 />tl$ to see 
h] pale1 ) eyes r$ ) weep+4 ,i gaz$     
anxi\sly on h] face1 press+ ! h& %e held
 out to me 9  sil5ce1 = my emotion 0 too
 great = spee*4 ,%e ask$  quietly if ,i 
_h witness$ ! la/ ev5+'s repres5tation4 
,i  assur$ h] ,i _h1 & endeavor$ to     
express my raptur\s  appreciation ( h]  
s++4 ,b my praises 7 da%$ )  gloom z ,i 
saw h] s sadly alt]$4 ,x is no wond] ,i 
am  deject$1 %e repli$ to my que/ion+   
looks4 ,we h all  cause to m\rn4    ,:at
 has happ5$8    ,alas6 %e falt]$1 weep+ 
afre%1 ,bell9i is dead6    ,i _h n he>d 
! fatal news4 ,bell9i6 ! glori\s compos]
 (  ! noble "w t _h s delight$ me a few 
h\rs be=e6 ,s  admirable an arti/--s    
"y--s mu* honor$ & belov$6 ,i  c\ld h   
wept ) ,francilla4    ,aft] a few       

mom5ts' sil5ce1 %e wip$ h] eyes1 !n     
rose1 &  took a volume f ! table4 ,x 0  
h] album1 = :i* ,i _h  s5t h] a draw+--a
 sket* ( h] fair self z ,romeo1 at !    
mom5t :5 ,juliet calls on 8 "n 9 ! tomb1
 :ile he ?9ks  x ! voice ( an angel f ! 
skies4    ,we turn$ ov] ! leaves ( !    
album1 l+]+ z we came to  ! diff]5t     
autographs4 ,francilla's s(t1 langui%+  
eyes  k9dl$ ) haughty fire z we not$ !  
bold1 rude *>act]s  trac$ by ! h& (     
,judi? ,pa/a2 & :5 we came to !         
signature ( ,c\ntess ,rossi1 h]         
expressive features 7 light$  ) a t5d]  
smile4    ,"o lett] 0 writt5 by h]      
,uncle ,pixis 9 ,prague4 ,%e /opp$  to  
give me an acc\nt ( 8 family4 ,turn+ !  
leaves &  talk+ rapidly1 %e paus$ ( a   
sudd51 & ,i saw two names  record$      
opposite ea* o!r--^? ( ,v9c5zo ,bell9i &
 ,m>ia  ,malibran4 ,bell9i _h writt5 a  
passage f !  ,capuletti4    ,francilla  
sign$ = me to give h] my p5cil--x 0 "o  
%e _h  giv5 me--& drew a l>ge cross "u  
,bell9i's signature4 ,h]  look 0        

int5sely significant4 ,h] sil5ce 0      
/rangely  prolong$4 ,at la/ ,i ask$1    
m]ely to say some?+3 ,:y is x1          
,francilla1 t1 9 ! la/ act ( !          
,capuletti1 y use  ,vaccai's music      
in/ead ( ,bell9i's8 ,bell9i's           
composition1 z a  :ole1 is sup]ior1 & ! 
close f> m t\*+4  #dji  ,i nev] c\ld    
und]/& :y a celebrat$ vocali/ l y\rself 
%\ld pref] ! tam] close ( ,vaccai4      
,francilla look$ e>ne/ly 9 my face1 b   
did n answ] =  "s "t4 ,at l5g?1 fix+ h] 
eyes on ! cross %e _h  p5cill$1 %e said1
 9 a tone ( deepe/ solemnity3 ,i w tell 
y a /ory1 my fri5d1 & y w see !n h[ mu* 
our poor  fri5d suff]$4 ,nei!r ,m>ia nor
 ,i c\ld s+ 8 la/ act2 y  %all "k :y4   
,madame ,malibran1 too8 ,i exclaim$4    
,%e int]rupt$ me ) a ge/ure enjo9+      
sil5ce4 ,y "k1  %e said1 ?\gh ( fair    
complexion & blue eyes1 ,bell9i 0  born 
at ! foot ( ,etna4 ,y h y\rself describ$
 him to me  z effem9ate & a little      
foppi%2 b he 0 a g5u9e son (  ,sicily1 &
 he gl[$ ) ! w>m? ( ! s\?1  not)/&+ 8   

g5tl5ess & weakness4 ,t 0 a wond]ful    
nature ( 86 ,x 0 n1 l ,sicily's volcano1
 spread ov]  luxuriant mead[s1 ?r\gh    
woods & sn[-fields1 across a lava  wa/e 
to ! br9k ( ! fi]y abyss2 nor 0 x l !   
,hecla  ( y\r own l&1 :]e et]nal fire   
burns "u et]nal ice4 ,he  rem9d$ me ( an
 ,engli% g>d5 ta/efully laid out1 )     
smoo?  walks & quiet /reams1 delicate   
fl[]s & qua9t %rubb]y1  f\nta9s & flut$ 
%afts2 b5ea? :i* gl[$ an abyss (  fire6 
,t 0 ,bell9i2 "u 8 s5tim5tal culture    
burn$ a  qu5*less flame--! love ( art1  
f$ by ano!r love--=  ,malibran6    ,y   
amaze me1 ,francilla1 ,i exclaim$4 ,8   
passion = art 0  "o = ,m>ia1 too4 ,h[   
c\ld he help x8 ,0 x n %e :o  inspir$ 8 
wondr\s creations ) _! irresi/ible *>m8 
,0 %e n 8 s\l ( all o!r p]=m]s 9 !      
op]as8 ',:at  w ,malibran say to x8' 0  
,bell9i's "q conc]n+  ev]y?+ he compos$4
 ,%e 0 8 que5 ( art1 8 muse1 8  ideal6  
,life )\t h] 0 gloom4 ,h[ c ,malibran   
survive him8  ,y\r own imag9ation1      
,francilla1 ,i said1 weaves ?is pretty  

romance4 ,y "k ,malibran m>ri$ ,m4      
,b]iot4    ,d ,i n rememb] h[ ! news ( t
 m>riage affect$  ,v9c5zo8 %e retort$4  
,h[ pale he grew1 h[ he trembl$1 &  left
 ! company 9 sil5ce6 ,yet he c\ld n h   
hop$ to w9  ,malibran2 = %e always      
treat$ him z a boy1 ?\gh he 0 a  ye>    
old] ?an h]self4 ,b he c\ld n h dream$  
%e w\ld  m>ry ,m4 ,b]iot1 :o 0 at "o "t 
di/ract$ = ,madame  ,sontag4    ,) a    
pause %e w5t on3 ,bell9i avoid$ bo?     
,m>ia & h]  husb& aft] ! m>riage4 ,if he
 saw ,m4 ,b]iot1 he w5t out (  ! way--v 
wisely2 = 9 case ( an enc\nt] he might h
  be5 tempt$--aft] ! ,sicilian fa%ion--y
 und]/&8 ,&  ) fla%+ eyes %e swung h]   
arm z "o :o gives a  dagg]-?ru/4    ,i  
und]/& ! pantomime1 my pretty ,romeo6 ,b
 y\r fancy  c>ries ! ?+ too f>4    ,no  
"o kn[s :at might h happ5$1 %e said1 9  
spite (  ,v9c5zo's s(t he>t4 ,x 0 well  
,malibran left ,p>is & w5t  to ,italy4  
,bell9i nev] confid$ 8 secret to any "o2
 b x  became suspect$ among 8 fri5ds4 ,&
 ,malibran mu/ h he>d  ( x2 = %e sudd5ly

 became reluctant to sang 9 any (       
,bell9i's pieces4 ,%e cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to
 repres5t ,romeo2 %e  c\ld n give up t  
"p4  #daj  ,:5 ! la/ repres5tation ( !  
,capuletti 0 giv5 9  ,milan1 x happ5$ t1
 9 ! f9al act1 :5 ,romeo takes !        
poison1 su* a dea?-l %udd]+ seiz$       
,m>ia's frame1 x 0  ) great difficulty  
%e c\ld g ?r\gh ) ! "p4 ,aft]  !        
p]=mance 0 ov]1 %e 0 greatly exhau/$2 & 
)  emotion %e decl>$ t no p[] on e>?    
%\ld compel h] to  s+ aga9 ! ,romeo (   
,bell9i4 ,%e adopt$ ! "p z compos$  by  
,vaccai4 ,b %e 0 n satisfi$ ) t2 &      
aft]w>d %e  return$ to poor ,bell9i's   
music s f> z to reta9 ! fir/  acts ( !  
op]a4 ,! la/ act %e always sang z       
,vaccai wrote  x4    ,:at said ,v9c5zo  
to ?is8    ,:5 he he>d ( x1 he fell into
 ! deepe/ despond5cy4 ,he  w\ld nei!r   
write nor ?9k any?+ m2 he seem$ at times
  to =get himself1 & smil$ & talk$ l a  
man :o _h lo/  8 reason4 ,all 8 fri5ds  
notic$ & lam5t$ ! *ange4    ,"o day1    
,labla*e came to see him4 ,he f\nd      

,bell9i ly+  li/less on ! s(a1 pale1    
depress$1 mis]able1 8 eyes  half-clos$1 
indiff]5t to e "o4 ,! giant s+] w5t up  
to him1 op5$ 8 big m\?1 & ro>$ out3     
',halloa1 ,bell9i6  :at are y ly+ !re =1
 l an idle l\t ( a lazz>oni on  ! ,molo1
 we>y ( do+ no?+6 ,get up & g to "w6    
,p>is1  ,france1 all ,europe is full (  
expectation z to :at y are to  give ! _w
 aft] y\r ,norma1 :i* y\r adv]s>ies     
sil5c$4 ,up1 ,i say6 ,d y he> me1       
,bell9i8'    ',inde$1 ,i d he> y1 my de>
 ,labla*e1' repli$ ! compos]  9 a       
la*rymose voice4 ',i h good e>s1 &1 if  
,i _h n1 y\r  braz5 base pi]ces l a     
trumpet6 ,leave me1 c>o2 leave  me to   
myself4 ,i am good = no?+1 unless x be !
 dolce  f> ni5te6 ,i h lo/ int]e/ 9     
ev]y?+6'    ',! mis*ief y h6' exclaim$  
,labla*e1 /rik+ 8 h&s  toge!r1 ) a tone 
t caus$ ! walls to vibrate4 ,&          
y--,bell9i--talk ?us8 ,y1 :o h ev]      
press$ on to !  goal1 & rea*$ x 9 spite 
( ob/acles6 ,are y an arti/8  ,are y a  
man8 ,amico mio6 w y be *eck$ midway 9  

y\r glori\s c>e]8 ,w y lose ! prize fame
 holds out8  ,w y sp5d y\r life :9+ out 
lov]like compla9ts1 l  "s silly ,damon (
 8 cruel ,doris or ,phillis8 ,%ame on y6
  ,su* womani% p9+s are unwor?y ( y6'   
,bell9i int]rupt$ him v g5tly4 ',my good
 ,labla*e1' he  said1 'y d me inju/ice6 
,i make no compla9ts2 ,i am n  p9+--'   
',sil5ce6' ro>$ ,labla*e4 ',y are a     
fool6 ,d y ?9k ,i d  n "k :]e ! %oe     
p9*es8'    ,bell9i color$ deeply & ca/  
d[n 8 eyes4    ',h y no?+ to say1       
,bell9i8' cont9u$ ,labla*e4 ',don't     
look s /upidly l an appreh5d$           
s*ool-boy6'    ,v9c5zo sigh$ pite\sly4  
',if y "k all1' he repli$1 'y  "k t %e w
 s+ no?+ ( my music6'    ,labla*e came  
clos]1 grasp$ ! %\ld]s ( ! "y  compos] 9
 8 p[]ful h&s1 lift$ him f ! cu%ions (  
! s(a to 8 feet1 & gave him a good %ak+6
 ,!n1 z he  releas$ him1 he said1 )     
fla%+ eyes3    ',y %all he> me s+ some?+
 ( y\rs4' ,he began !  allegro to ! duet
 f ,i ,puritani1 ,suoni la  tromba e    
intrepido4 ,8 /5torian voice rang l a   

cl>ion or  a m>tial %\t4 ,! flu% (      
en?usiasm ru%$ to ,bell9i's pale  face2 
! te>s sprang into 8 eyes2 at l5g?1 he  
?rew himself  into ,labla*e's arms1 &   
jo9$ 8 voice 9 ! spl5did song4  ,:5 x 0 
end$1 he ?ank$ 8 fri5d1 & pl$g$ 8 ^w  t 
he w\ld f9i% ! composition ( ! entire   
op]a 9 a few  weeks4    #daa    ,!      
promise 0 kept4 ,bell9i work$ dilig5tly1
 & 9 !  /ipulat$ "t put ! op]a into !   
h&s ( ,labla*e1 :o  und]took to see t x 
%\ld be wor?ily repres5t$4    ,all ,p>is
 0 delight$ at ! ann\ncem5t ( !         
repres5tation4 ,! op]a 0 spl5didly ca/1 
& ! rehe>sals  comm5c$4 ,bell9i 0 pres5t
 at ! fir/ rehe>sal2 at !  second1 he 0 
abs5t1 & ^w came t he 0 ill at 8        
c\ntry-seat at ,porteaux1 ne> ! capital4
 ,!y hop$ he w\ld  recov] 9 "t to att5d 
! fir/ p]=mance ( ! op]a4    ,all w5t on
 successfully2 & a l>ge audi5ce att5d$ !
  op5+ repres5tation4 ,! fam\s duet     
,labla*e _h sung 0  repeat$ & encor$    
amid ?und]s ( applause4 ,j !n a  murmur 
w5t r\nd ! !atre1 & ! applause 0 sil5c$4

 ,!  news 03    ',bell9i di$ an h\r ago1
 at 8 c\ntry-seat4'    ,francilla ceas$4
 ,%e clos$ ! album1 rose ha/ily1 & w5t  
to  ! w9d[4 ,i 0 deeply affect$1 & 0    
leav+ ! room  quietly4 ,b %e turn$ r\nd1
 &1 bidd+ me /ay1 w5t &  seat$ h]self at
 ! piano4 ,! song 0 a melan*oly "o1 sung
  ) wond]ful expression & feel+4 ,x 0 a 
f>ewell to !  dead4    ,my fri5d ,pixis 
came into ! room at its close1 & ask$   
:at  x 0 we 7 s m\rnful ab\t4    ,i     
repli$1 ,francilla has be5 tell+ me (   
,bell9i's unhappy  love = ,malibran4    
,d n believe a ^w ( x6 cri$ ,pixis1     
laugh+4 ,%e w  get y up a f9e romance on
 t *apt]4    ,i _h my d\bts ( its tru?2 
yet ! fact is indisputable t  ,bell9i 0 
always 9 love4    ,"h ! pretty arti/1   
,mas*9ka ,s*neid]1 came 91 & !          
conv]sation 0 ( ! repres5tation ( !     
,capuletti1  already ann\nc$4 ,i gave   
advice z to improvem5ts 9 !  arrangem5t 
( ! sc5es4    ,i c\ld n help rememb]+ ! 
sad tale my little fri5d _h  told me4 ,i
 ?\ght ( x aga9 :51 a ye> aft]w>d1 ,i   

read 9  ! newspap]s t ,malibran _h di$  
at ,man*e/]1 on ! #bc;d  ( ,septemb]1 ! 
same day on :i* ,bell9i _h expir$ a ye> 
be=e4    ------    #dab                 
,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,s\ve/re4        
,! ,inside ( a ,/age-,coa*4      ,"o ( !
 la/ days ( ,septemb] ! ra9 _h fall5 all
 day 9  torr5ts1 b f9ally1 hav+ ceas$1  
left ! sky s envelop$  9 fog t1 ?\gh    
sc>cely f\r o'clock1 night seem$ already
  to h ov]spread ! e>?4    ,a heavy     
dilig5ce1 ) its relay ( horses1 asc5d$ )
  difficulty "o ( ! hills :i* sep>ate   
,belleville f ,lyons1  :ile ! po/ilions 
walk$ on ea* side ( ! team1 paus+  ab\t 
e fifty /eps to brea! & recov] !mselves4
 ,!  we>i$ pass5g]s _h desc5d$ by       
invitation ( ! conductor1  & 7 trudg+   
along 9 no amiable mood1 scold+ !       
horses1  ! ra91 & ! mis]able roads4 ,two
 ( !m1 :o came la/1  /opp$ sudd5ly at ! 
turn+ ( ! asc5t ,"o 0 a man  ne>ly fifty
 ye>s old1 ) a mild & smil+ c\nt5ance2 b
  ! o!r1 mu* y\ng]1 _h an air ( gloom & 
dissatisfaction4  ,?r[+ 8 eyes ov] !    

surr\nd+ c\ntry1 half envelop$ 9  fog1  
he said to 8 companion3    ,:at wea!r & 
:at a ye>1 ,c\s9 ,grugel6 ,! ,sane has  
h>dly ent]$ its b$1 & ! valleys are aga9
 inundat$4    ,god pres]ve u1 ,gontran6 
repli$ ! man ) ! mild  c\nt5ance2 !     
ra9b[ c appe> any mom5t above !  deluge4
    ,yes1 repli$ ! o!r travell]1 )      
slight irony2 ,i "k  y\r mania ( hope1  
,jacques4    ,& ,i y\rs ( disc\ragem5t1 
,d>von4    ,well1 ,i am "r :5 ,i exam9e 
h[ ?is _w goes4 ,:]e d  y see peace1    
ord]1 or prosp]ity8 ,i only he> (       
inc5di>ies1  contagion1 deluge1 & murd]4
 ,:at man's wick$ness sp>es1 !          
wick$ness ( nature annihilates1 = ev5   
brute matt] seems to  possess ! in/9ct (
 de/ruction2 & ! elem5ts1 l  k+s1 _c    
rema9 neighbors )\t w>r+ aga9/ ea*  o!r4
    ,t is only "o side ( ?+s1 my c\s9--!
 sad side2 b (  ! o!r y nev] speak4 ,y\r
 eyes are rivet$ on ! volcano  :i* dims 
! horizon1 b y _c l[] !m to ! fields  ( 
ripe corn undulat+ at y\r feet4 ,!re is 
happ9ess 9 !  _w1 if y c make up y\r m9d

 to believe x4    ,well1 ,i "k no?+ ( x1
 repli$ ,d>von1 9 a tone (  vexation4   
,b1 y\rself consid]$1 may y n be plac$  
among ! mo/  favor$8    ,true1 ,jacques1
 & yet ,i h n be5 able to f9d1 9 all !  
good accord$ me1 ei!r peace or          
cont5tm5t4    ,:at h y to wi% =8 ,y are 
ri*1 honor$1 & h a  family :o love y4   
,yes1 repli$ ,gontran2 b ?is same =tune 
has co/ me !  lawsuit = :i* ,i h j made 
! ?ird voyage to ,macon2 my  good       
reputation has n det]r$ ! oppos+ lawy] f
  sl&]2 & z to my family--    ,well8    
inquir$ ,jacques4    ,well6 my si/]1 )  
:om ,i always liv$ s affectionately1 has
  j qu>rell$ ) me4    ,x w be a %ort    
qu>rel4    #dac    ,no1 no2 ,i am tir$ (
 work+ )\t pr(it to e/abli% ord]  9 h]  
affairs4 ,i h be5 too mu* annoy$ by h]  
want (  sy/em & reason4    ,?9k ( h]    
excell5t he>t & y w =give h]4    ,oh6 ,i
 "k t y w always f9d a good reason = me 
to  be> my sorr[s pati5tly2 y h a recipe
 = e w\nd (  ! s\l1 & if ,i press y a   
little1 y w prove me 9 !  wrong to      

compla91 & t all is q "r "h bel[4       
,p>don me1 repli$ ,grugel2 9 ! gov]nm5t 
( ?is _w ,i  f9d mu* to w\nd me1 b ,i am
 n sure ,i am ! be/ judge4  ,life is a  
great my/]y1 ( :i* we compreh5d s       
little4 ,mu/ ,i  own x to y1 !re are    
h\rs :5 ,i p]suade myself t ,god  has n 
afflict$ m5 ) s _m sc\rges )\t int5tion4
  ,happy & invuln]able1 !y c\ld be      
endur$2 ea* "o w\ld  c\nt on 8          
individual /r5g?1 delight 9 8 own       
isolation1  & refuse all sympa?y to 8   
fell[-be+4 ,b weakness has no  su*      
res\rce2 on ! contr>y1 x =ces m5 to be  
fri5dly1 to  aid & love "o ano!r4 ,grief
 has become a bond ( sympa?y1  & we owe 
to x our noble/ & be/ s5tim5ts1         
gratitude1  devotion1 & piety4    ,well 
done1 said ,d>von1 smil+2 n be+ able to 
su/a9 !  good 9 all ?+s1 y give me !    
bright side ( evil4    ,p]haps s1 said  
,grugel2 only be sure t evil itself is n
  absolute4 ,sci5ce borr[s its rem$ies f
 ! sap ( v5om\s  plants2 :y1 !n1 may we 
n f passion1 mis=tune1 or  inequality   

draw mu* t is good8 ,believe me1 ,d>von1
 !re is  no human dross1 h[ev] poor1 )\t
 its p>ticles ( gold4    ,9 good fai?1  
!n1 ,i w\ld l to "k :at c\ld be f\nd 9  
our travell+ companions1 cri$ ,gontran4 
,let u see1 c\s92  suppose we put to !  
te/ ^! curi\s patt]ns ( our race1 z  we 
proclaim x s intellig5t4    ,x is v     
c]ta91 said ,jacques1 smil+1 fate has n 
favor$ u4    ,nev] m9d1 nev] m9d1 repli$
 ,d>von1 ^: misan?ropy 0  nigg>dly 9 its
 "*2 dis5gage ! gold f ! dross1  z y    
say4 ,b fir/1 h[ _m gra9s d y expect to 
f9d 9  ?is cattle-m]*ant be=e u8        
,grugel rais$ 8 head & saw1 a few /eps 9
 advance1 !  travell] :o _h call$ him   
c\s94 ,a co>se man 9 a blue  bl\se1     
foll[+ ) heavy /eps ! side ( ! road1    
:ile  f9i%+ 8 well-pick$ *ick5-bone4    
,i decl>e1 t is ! sev5? repa/ ,i h se5  
him make  to-day1 cont9u$ ,d>von1 & !   
coa*-pockets are /ill lad5  ) 8         
provisions4 ,:5 he has eat5 en\gh1 he   
goes to sleep1  !n he eats aga91 !n goes
 to sleep 9 ord] to recomm5ce 8         

programme4 ,he is a m]e dige/+ ma*9e1   
too imbecile to draw  f him ei!r        
response or in=mation4    ,our companion
 ) ! felt hat c suffici5tly acquit      
himself  9 t respect4    ,ah6 yes1 let u
 consid] him & try also to extract 8    
gold4  ,he jo9$ our p>ty only ?is morn+1
 & already ! conductor  has s5t him f ! 
impriale to ! travell]s 9 !  c\p1 :o    
aga9 h s5t him to ! intrieur4 ,we  h _h 
him b two h\rs1 & he has already giv5 u 
8 own  & 8 family hi/ory to ! fif?      
degree4 ,i "k 8 "n is  ,pet] ,lepr1 t = 
tw5ty ye>s he has be5 commission] (     
colonial produce 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ! ,sane
 & ,loire1 (  ,a91 ,isre1 & ( ! ,rhone1 
& he has be5 m>ri$ ?ree  times4  #dad   
,!n if y did n h to be> 8 que/ion+2 b he
 is  equally talkative & curi\s1 & :5 8 
confession is  f9i%$1 he awaits y\rs4   
,if y are reflect+1 he speaks to  y2 if 
y speak1 he int]rupts y4 ,8 voice is l a
 rattle  9 con/ant motion1 ! noise ( :i*
 ends 9 mak+ y  n]v\s4    ,poor ,lepr6  
said ,grugel2 at he>t1 aft] all he is a 

wor?y  man4    ,he has "o m]it1 repli$  
,d>von1 t ( annoy+  ,mademoiselle ,a?nas
 de ,lo*]ais2 = we almo/ =got ?is       
amiable fell[-travell]1 :o1 aft]        
recomm5d+ u all to get  out to light5 ! 
coa*1 rema9$ 9 h]self s z n to damp5  h]
 feet4    ,y mu/ =give h]1 obs]v$       
,jacques2 isolation has made h]  =get   
all ease ( o!rs2 h] he>t is contract$4  
,contract$6 repeat$ ,gontran1 y are     
deceiv$1 c\s92  ,mademoiselle ,a?nas has
 a great deal ( love = h]self4 ,!  :ole 
_w seems to h be5 made = h] special     
ease1 & %e  c imag9e no?+ 9 x t does n  
be> ^u h] 9 "s way  or o!r4 ,%e is "o ( 
^? sweet creatures :o1 he>+ !  cry ( !  
midnight assass91 returns to h] pill[   
compla9+  ( hav+ be5 awak5$4    ,grugel 
0 go+ to reply1 b !y _h arriv$ at ! top 
( !  hill4 ,! conductor1 call+ !        
pass5g]s1 urg$ !m to  rem\nt1 z a c\ri] 
_h j appe>$ ) an ann\ncem5t1  t1 ow+ to 
! ov]fl[ ( ! ,sane1 ! passage by        
,villefran*e w\ld be impossible1 & t 9  
ord] to rea* ,anse  !y w\ld be oblig$ to

 turn m to ! "r1 pass+ !  ,nis]an high] 
up & tak+ ano!r road4 ,! coa* :i* _h  j 
prec$$ !m1 n hav+ tak5 ?is precaution1  
_h be5  surpris$ by ! wat]s1 & "s ( !   
pass5g]s 7 report$  to be dr[n$4        
,happily ?is la/ intellig5ce 0 n        
communicat$ to ! travell]s1 b !y        
vocif]at$ l\dly :5  appris$ ( ! by-road 
!y 7 oblig$ to take4    ,!re is a       
mal$iction on u1 said ,gontran1 already 
peevi%  ) ! l5g? ( ! j\rney4    ,i knew 
x w\ld be s1 sir1 cri$ ,pi]re ,lepr1 )  
volubility4 ,! two po/ilions _h j escap$
 f him1 s he  fell back on 8 travell+   
companions4 ,i 0 told on my way  t !    
,ardi]e & ,vauz>me _h ris5 consid]ably2 
inde$1 we  _c tell if we c pass to      
,anse1 :]e we may enc\nt] !  wat]s ( !  
,az]gnes & ! ,brevanne4 ,:]e 9 ! _w are 
y tak+ u1 conductor8 ,%all we pass !    
woods ( ,orrigt8  ,well1 ,i "k ! mayor1 
a ?9 man1 always smok+4 ,b1 speak+  (   
?is1 c we n /op aga9 be=e we come to    
,anse8    ,impossible1 repli$ !         
conductor brusquely2 ,i am n[ eight     

h\rs beh9d "t4    ,graci\s6 :]e w we    
sup1 !n8 cri$ ! fat  cattle-m]*ant4     
,we won't sup at all1 sir4    ,i decl>e1
 ,i wi% ,i _h "s bro?1 int]rupt$        
,mademoiselle  ,a?nas1 9 a %rill voice1 
) h] head out ( ! coa* door2  ,i always 
take my bro? at five o'clock4    ,we h  
_h no?+ s9ce morn+1 cri$ all !          
travell]s4    ,get 91 g5tlem51 call$ out
 ! conductor2 "o h\r's delay  may prev5t
 u f rea*+ !re4 ,y c't joke ) an        
ov]fl[1 & ,i don't want my coa* dr[n$4  
,dr[n$6 cri$ ,mademoiselle ,a?nas's4    
,:y1 ?is is horrible4  ,y %all be in=m$ 
aga9/1 conductor6 ,i dem& t y leave  !  
valley4 ,:y don't y answ] me1 conductor8
 ,i w compla9  to y\r *ief4    #dae     
,! dilig5ce />t+1 cut ! old lady's      
s5t5ce 9 two1 s  %e fell back 9 h] corn]
 ) an exclamation (  dissatisfaction4   
,jacques ,grugel felt himself oblig$ to 
tell h] t ! r\te  !y 7 tak+ w\ld lead !m
 away f ! ,sane & avoid  ! dang]4    ,b 
:]e w ,i get my s\p8 inquir$ %e1        
slightly reassur$4    ,we w n /op till  

we rea* ,anse1 resum$ ,lepr2 !          
conductor has said s1 & ,god only kn[s  
:at k9d ( roads we  w meet )4 ,roads ( !
 dep>tm5t2 t says ev]y?+4  ,& !n ,i "k !
 eng9e]1 a tal5t$ man2 8 son 0 m>ri$  ! 
same day z my elde/4 ,b we won't arrive 
till to-morr[1  m>k my words4    ,!re 0 
a g5]al cry f ! pass5g]s4 ,!y _h eat5   
no?+ s9ce morn+1 calculat+ on ! lun*    
usually obta9$  at ,villefran*e1 &      
,gontran _h already propos$1 ) 8 usual  
vivacity1 to make a desc5t on ! fir/    
village & =ce !m  to s]ve up a supp]1 :5
 ! cattle-m]*ant cri$ out3    ,a supp]6 
,i h "o at y\r s]vice4    ,:at6 =       
ev]ybody8 ask$ ,lepr4    ,= ev]ybody1   
citiz54 ,i c (f] y ?ree c\rses1 ) y\r   
dess]t1 & some?+ = a heeltap4    ,:ile  
speak+ he drew f ! pockets ( ! c>riage a
  half-doz5 packets1 &1 roll+ 8 tongue  
ar\nd 8 m\?1  proce$$ to op5 !m2 !y     
conta9$ provisions ( e k9d1  prop]ly    
envelop$ & ti$ ) c>e4    ,won't we h a  
fea/8 said ,lepr1 :o _h ask$ !          
cattle-m]*ant1 9 8 inv5tory1 my fri5d1  

:at is  y\r "n8    ,b>nau4    ,good1    
,mr4 ,b>nau2 b :at good c>e y take (    
y\rself4    ,h[ c a man be at 8 ease1   
said ! fat m]*ant1 ) a  c]ta9 pride1 if 
he c't eat ! be/ ( ev]y?+8 ,h[ev]1  ^!  
g5tlem5 & mademoiselle c judge ( my     
victuals4    ,grugel turn$ to ,gontran1 
& gave him a significant look4          
,truly1 said he smil+1 & 9 an "u-voice1 
"h are !  gra9s ( gold y look$ =4       
,gra9s ( gold6 repeat$ ,b>nau1 :o did n 
und]/&  him2 :y1 man1 t's a sausage )   
truffles4    ,& ^! g5tlem5 w\ld h u     
believe gra9s ( gold are  good = fami%$ 
p1 resum$ ,pi]re ,lepr1 laugh+2 t  is a 
figure ( spee*1 ,monsieur ,b>nau4 ,i h a
 son :o /udi$  ^! figures 9 rhetoric4   
,he expla9$ x all to me2 b1 p>don  me1  
let u fir/ help mademoiselle4    ,!y    
pres5t$ ! food to ,mademoiselle de      
,lo*]ais1 :o  return$ ea* piece1 b      
f9ally end$ by *oos+ ! mo/  delicate1   
compla9+1 z %e ate1 ( ! privations (    
travell]s4 ,to console h]1 ,b>nau (f]$  
h] "s old br&y2  b mademoiselle cri$ out

 ) horror3    ,br&y to me6 ,:at d y take
 me =1 sir8    ,y l %]ry bett]1 p]haps1 
said ! cattle-m]*ant1 9 a  c>eless way4 
,i dr9k nei!r %]ry nor br&y1 cri$       
,mademoiselle ,a?nas  fi]cely4 ,i take  
wat] only1 %e said1 turn+ t[>d ,grugel4 
,did y ev] he> any?+ l ?is ru/ic8 %e    
murmur$2  (f] me cognac1 z if ! spices  
he has giv5 u 7 n  suffici5t to burn    
"o's blood4 ,i %all surely be ill f x4  
#daf  ,f9i%+ :at %e _h to say1 %e       
arrang$ h]self 9 h]  corn]1 s z to turn 
h] back on ! cattle-m]*ant1 pick$ up  a 
pill[ %e _h ) h]1 lean$ h] head on x1 & 
fell  asleep4    ,! dilig5ce cont9u$ its
 t$i\s r\te4 ,?\gh humid1 ! air  0 cold1
 & n a /> 0 to be se54 ,reliev$ by !    
repa/  :i* ! ga/ronomical =esight (     
,b>nau _h p]mitt$ him to  make1 ,lepr   
resum$ 8 loquacity1 &1 al?\gh 8         
fell[-travell]s _h long s9ce ceas$ to   
answ] him1 he  cont9u$ to talk on )\t   
be+ 9 ! lea/ conc]n$ to "k  if he 0     
li/5$ to4    ,?is noise ( words1 !      
sl[ness ( _! progress1 !  d>kness1 & !  

cold comb9$ to r5d] ! pass5g]s  n]v\sly 
impati5t1 & e few mom5ts might be he>d  
yawns1  %udd]+s1 or subdu$ compla9ts4   
,d>von1 p>ticul>ly1 seem$  m & m        
excitable2 a prey to n]v\s irritation4  
,he _h  already op5$ & %ut = ! t5? "t ! 
bl9d ( !  coa*-door1 lean$ 8 head to !  
"r1 to ! left1 & back  on ! cu%ion1 fix$
 8 legs 9 e possible position t  ! n>r[ 
space ( :i* he c\ld dispose all[$ him2  
&1  f9ally1 at ! break ( day1 8 pati5ce 
0 entirely  exhau/$4    ,i w\ld give t5 
( ! days :i* rema9 ( my life to be at  !
 end ( ?is j\rney1 cri$ he4    ,"h we   
are at ,anse1 repli$ ,grugel4    ,true1 
^u my ^w1 said ,lepr1 :o _h be5 asleep  
an in/ant4  ,hallo1 conductor1 h[ long d
 y rema9 "h8    ,five m9utes4    ,op5 ! 
door2 ,i am j go+ to say good day to !  
po/-ma/]4    ,! door 0 op5$1 & ,b>nau   
got d[n ) ,lepr to r5ew 8  provisions4  
,ne>ly at ! same mom5t ! cl]k came =w>d 
to  see if !re 7 any vacant places4     
,only "o1 repli$ ,grugel4    ,h[6 cri$  
,mademoiselle de ,lo*]ais1 :o _h j      

awak5$  ) a />t2 w\ld monsieur by any   
*ance ask any "o to come  9 "h8    ,a   
travell] = ,lyons4    ,b x is q         
impossible1 resum$ ! old maid2 we are   
already frightfully cr[d$4 ,monsieur1   
y\r coa*es are too  small2 ,i w compla9 
to ! adm9i/ration4    ,ah6 )\t d\bt "h  
is our new companion1 said ,grugel1 :o  
0 look+ out ( ! door4 ,m4 ,lepr has     
already seiz$ ^u  him4    ,he is a      
milit>y man1 cri$ mademoiselle4    ,a   
non-commission$ (fic] ( ! ,*asseurs4    
,oh6 is he com+ 9 "h8 ,:y don't !y make 
soldi]s g on  foot8    ,9 su* a "t z ?is
 x w\ld be h>d & fatigu+ = !m1          
mademoiselle4    ,is x n _! trade8 ,su* 
p are nev] fatigu$4 ,^!  public         
conveyances d give y su* disagreeable   
neighbors6 4444  ,! d]angem5t ( y\r     
usual habits1 to h no?+ w>m1 pass  !    
night )\t any sleep1 be cr[d$1 *ok$6    
4444 ,i don't see  :y "o ( ^! g5tlem5   
don't get up 9 ! imp]ial4    ,not)/&+ ! 
fog8    ,:at does t signify1 = m58      
,mademoiselle w\ld be less incommod$1   

add$ ,d>von ironically4  ,%e _h bett]   
make ! proposition h]self to our        
companion4    ,:at6 ,i speak to a       
soldi]6 said ,mademoiselle ,a?nas       
fi]cely2 ,i pref] be+ incommod$1 sir6   
,well1 "h he is1 said ,jacques4    #dag 
,! non-commission$ (fic] _h inde$ j     
appe>$ be=e !  door1 foll[$ by ! cl]k ) 
:om he 0 qu>rell+4 ,he 0  a spruce1     
dapp]-look+ "y man1 b 8 bragg+ &        
soldi]ly mann]s disgu/$ ,d>von at fir/  
sight4 ,he compla9$  ( ! delay ( ! coa*1
 hav+ wait$ = x s9ce ! night  prec$+1 & 
) words abus$ ! cl]k ( ! (fice1 ^:      
responses 7 timid & emb>rass$4 ,at la/1 
! conductor  decl>+ !y mu/ />t1 he came 
to ! coa*-door & look$  inside4         
,magnific5t collection1 murmur$ he1 aft]
 hav+ ca/ an  imp]t95t look on !        
travell]s2 ,i wond] if ! c\p  & !       
rotonde are z well furni%$4 ,h y no wom5
  abo>d1 conductor8    ,! insol5t       
creature6 murmur$ ,mademoiselle4        
,well1 resum$ ! soldi]1 "o mu/ n be too 
p>ticul> 9  ! c\ntry4 ,& he took 8      

place4    ,gontran lean$ t[>d ,grugel1 &
 said1 9 a l[ voice1 ,?is "o  completes 
our collection ( absurdities4    ,take  
c>e he don't he> y1 repli$ ,jacques4    
,d>von %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s4    ,bragg+ p    
inspire m disgu/ ?an fe>1 said he1 &    
?is "o c]ta9ly ne$s a lesson 9          
polit5ess4    ,mean:ile1 ,b>nau return$ 
)\t ,lepr4 ,aft] hav+ look$ =  ! latt]  
at ! inn1 & wait$ = him "s m9utes1 !    
dilig5ce />t$ )\t him1 to ! great joy ( 
mademoiselle1  :o hop$ to be m at h]    
ease4 ,b h] joy 0 ( %ort  duration1 = ! 
non-commission$ (fic]1 :o _h locat$     
himself at fir/ on ! o!r b5*1 got up &  
took ! seat  next to h]4 ,! angry old   
maid adju/$ h]self brusquely1 &  pull$  
d[n h] veil4    ,! milit>y man turn$    
t[>d h]4    ,ah6 said he1 9 a mock+     
tone1 madame seems afraid ( be+  look$  
at4    ,p]haps s1 sir1 said %e1 dryly4  
,i q und]/& ! reason1 resum$ ! soldi]4  
,b %e  c calm h] n]ves4 ,i c deprive    
myself ( ! pleasure4 ,&  z he notic$ !  
movem5t ( indignation ( ,mademoiselle de

  ,lo*]ais1 cont9u$1 ,i speak solely = !
 int]e/ ( h]  heal?2 & to all[ h] to    
brea! ) h] face uncov]$1 z  we want air 
9 ?is box1 ,i ?9k ,i _h bett] l[] !     
w9d[4    ,i object to x1 said           
mademoiselle quickly2 my doctor has     
=bidd5 any exposure to ! morn+ air4     
,& m9e has =bidd5 me to smo!r1 repli$ ! 
"y man1  putt+ out 8 h& to op5 ! sa%4   
,b ! old maid cri$ out4 ,! w9d[ 0 on h] 
side1 %e _h a  "r to h x clos$1 &       
appeal$ to ! o!r travell]s4    ,h[ev]   
little dispos$ ,d>von _h be5 9 favor (  
,mademoiselle  de ,lo*]ais1 he consid]$ 
x "r to def5d h]1 & !  result 0 a %>p   
discussion betwe5 him & ! soldi]1 :i*   
w\ld h end$ 9 tr\ble _h n ,grugel c$$ 8 
place at !  o!r w9d[4    ,! soldi]      
accept$ x ) a bad grace1 pres]v+ a /rong
  feel+ aga9/ ,d>von4    ,n[1 ! read]   
has already p]ceiv$ t ,gontran's        
pr$om9ant  qualities 7 nei!r resignation
 nor pati5ce4 ,!  contr>ieties ( !      
j\rney _h excit$ 8 sickly inability1    
!re=e ! disagreem5t :i* _h already brok5

 out betwe5  !m 0 r5ew$ sev]al times1 & 
only await$ a favorable  opportunity to 
become a lat] qu>rel4    #dah    ,"s ( !
 small] baggage _h be5 plac$ by ,d>von 9
 a net  susp5d$ f ! top ( ! dilig5ce2 ! 
soldi] pret5d$  t x incommod$ him1 &    
wi%$ x remov$4 ,gontran refus$ to  d x4 
,y h decid$ x %all rema9 :]e x is8 cri$ 
!  soldi]1 aft] a discussion 9 :i* he _h
 gr[n m & m  animat$4    ,decid$ly6     
repli$ ,d>von4    ,v well4 ,i w get rid 
( x by ! coa*-door1 repli$ !  "y man1   
:ile ext5d+ 8 h& t[>d ! net4    ,gontran
 seiz$ ! h&1 & said1 ,take c>e :at y d1 
sir1  9 a *ang$ voice4 ,ev] s9ce y came 
9 "h1 y h tri$  to make me lose my      
pati5ce2 y\r :ole c\rse has be5 "o (    
abuse & tyranny1 b y may z well und]/&  
,i am n !  man to put up ) y\r tyranny4 
,is ?is a *all5ge8 ask$ ! soldi]1 ?r[+  
on ,gontran a  disda9ful look4    ,by no
 means1 int]rupt$ ,grugel1 annoy$ by !  
turn affairs  _h tak52 my c\s9 m]ely    
wi%$ y to obs]ve--    ,i don't accept ! 
obs]vations ( sn>l]s4    ,& sn>l]s don't

 accept y\r insol5ce1 repli$ ,gontran4  
,at ?is ^w insol5ce ! soldi] %udd]$1 a  
deep r$ness  suffus$ 8 features4    ,:]e
 d y /op1 sir8 ask$ he ( ,d>von1 9 a    
voice  trembl+ ) ang]4    ,at ,lyons1   
repli$ ! latt]4    ,v well1 we w f9i%   
our explanation !re4    ,s be x4        
,jacques1 al>m$1 wi%$ to int]pose1 b 8  
c\s9 & !  soldi] spoke at ! same "t1 &  
repeat$ !y w\ld t]m9ate  ?is affair at  
,lyons4    ,at ! same in/ant great cries
 7 he>d1 & ! dilig5ce 0  ov]tak5 by a   
wagon entirely cov]$ ) mud4             
,mademoiselle de  ,lo*]ais put h] head  
out ( ! coa*-door4    ,o ,"l6 :at a     
mis=tune1 said %e2 ,monsieur ,pi]re     
,lepr has  ov]tak5 u4 ,n[ we w be       
completely fill$ up4    ,z soon z !y    
rea*$ ! public conveyance1 ! commission]
  ( colonial produce jump$ out ( !      
wagon1 & pres5t$  himself at !          
coa*-door1 :i* ! conductor _h j op5$4   
,is ?is ! way y g (f )\t wait+ = !      
pass5g]s8  cri$ he1 furi\s4    ,i w>n$ y
 ?ree times1 int]pos$ ! conductor4      

,six times is cu/om>y1 sir1 or ev5 a    
doz52 y are v  mis]ly ) y\r words4 ,does
 x co/ any?+ to speak8 ,i c\ld  n leave 
! po/-ma/] :ile he 0 tell+ me :at happ5$
  to ! dilig5ce ye/]day2 = y did n "k1  
g5tlem51 t  ! "o t prec$$ ?is 0 dr[n$4  
,dr[n$6 repeat$ e "o4    ,v good1       
int]rupt$ ! conductor2 b get 94         
,any?+ b good1 respond$ ,pi]re ,lepr2   
ev]ybody is  fright5$ en\gh4    ,i beg (
 y to get up imm$iately4    ,& :at w our
 families ?9k :5 !y le>n ?is disa/]8    
,be quick1 !n4    ,aga91 !re 0 ,i try+  
to obta9 ^! details1 :5 !y  came to tell
 me y _h gone on )\t me4    ,& we are   
go+ to d ! same ?+ aga91 said ! impati5t
  conductor4    ,bless me1 cri$ ,lepr1  
:o ha/5$ to get up4 ,i h _h  en\gh (    
wagons2 "h ,i am1 conductor1 lift me up4
    #dai    ,! commission] ( provisions 
0 ov]:elm$ ) que/ions1  & he soon relat$
 all he _h he>d2 !n1 int]rupt+ himself1 
accord+ to 8 usual habit1 & recogniz+ ! 
"y (fic]1  he cri$ out3    ,oh6 ?is is !
 g5tleman ,i _h ! honor ( see+ at ,anse4

    ,! same1 repli$ ! soldi]4           
,delight$ to meet y aga91 said ,lepr4   
,:atev] y may  ?9k ( me1 ,i am ! born   
fri5d ( all ! milit>y4 ,i %\ld  h _h to 
s]ve myself if !y _h n f\nd a sub/itute 
=  me4    ,he 0 int]rupt$ by            
,mademoiselle ,a?nas1 :o j p]ceiv$  t he
 0 q wet4    ,x is ?is abom9able fog1   
said he1 :ile wip+ ! wat] (f  ) 8       
h&k]*ief4    ,b p don't come into a     
c>riage 9 su* a condition1  repli$      
mademoiselle1 9 a discont5t$ way4 ,:5 y 
are  cov]$ ) fog1 y might z well rema9  
out4    ,to dry "o's self8 ask$ ,lepr1  
laugh+4 ,great goodness1 ,i  _h en\gh ( 
x2 !n my coa*man 0 drunk1 & j miss$     
turn+ ! wagon ov] into ! riv]4    ,!    
deuce6 said ,gontran4    ,we w\ld h be5 
add$ to ! dilig5ce ( ye/]day1 unless  we
 _h f\nd "s good s\l brave en\gh to fi% 
= u4 ,b su*  ?+s h be54 ,?ree ye>s ago1 
aft] a great inundation1 a  workman     
alone sav$ five p]sons :o 7 dr[n+ ne> ! 
,guillotire4    ,we knew ( him          
p>ticul>ly1 said ,grugel1 z my c\s9's   

be/  fri5d 0 "o ( ! sav$4    ,true8 ask$
 ! soldi]4    ,& he ow$ 8 safety to !   
devotion ( t "y man4    ,oh6 all !      
details ( t action 7 admirable1 said    
,d>von1  ) great w>m?2 ! fright5$ horse 
_h pull$ ! c>riage  into ! /ronge/ ( !  
curr5t2 on ! %ore ! cr[d look$  on1 )\t 
d>+ to g to _! relief2 !re seem$ to be  
no  hope = ! five p]sons 9 ! c>riage4   
,bah6 int]rupt$ ! soldi]1 p]haps "s ( !m
 c\ld swim1  & h got nicely out ( !     
scrape4    ,gontran disda9$ a reply4    
,! c>riage comm5c$ to s9k1 cont9u$ he1  
:5 a workman  appe>$ ) a small boat1 :i*
 ) difficulty he guid$ into  ! mid/ ( ! 
,rhone4 ,?ree times x 0 on ! po9t (     
upsett+4 ,! p :o look$ on f ! %ore cri$ 
out1 ',d  n g any fur!r2 come a%ore2 y  
are go+ to p]i%4' ,b he  did n li/5 to  
!m--/ill advanc+ t[>d ! c>riage1  :i* by
 d9t ( skill & c\rage1 he f9ally rea*$4 
,& mo/ happily1 ! milit>y man repli$4   
,)\t d\bt1 repli$ ,grugel1 :o rem>k$    
,gontran's movem5t  ( impati5ce1 b only 
good-he>t$ p f9d happ9ess 9  su* acts4  

,x 0 a beautiful incid5t1 int]rupt$     
,mademoiselle de  ,lo*]ais1 & "o t %\ld 
h b5efit$ its au?or4    ,p>don me1      
madame1 said ,d>von4 ,! workman no d\bt 
consid]$ t ! true recomp5se = any g5]\s 
action is 9  ourselves2 =1 aft] hav+    
sav$ ^! p1 he retir$  )\t wi%+ to       
receive ei!r rew>d or praise4    ,humph6
 p]haps he ?\ght x useless to dem&      
paym5t1 said  ! (fic]4    ,& is 8 "n    
unkn[n8 said ,pi]re ,lepr4    ,p>don me1
 he 0 call$ ,l\is ,duroc4    ,:at6 :at d
 y say1 ,l\is----    ,duroc4    ,lepr   
turn$ t[>ds ! (fic]4    #dbj    ,:y1 t  
is y\r "n8 cri$ he4    ,?is g5tleman's  
"n6 repeat$ all ! travell]s4    ,l\is   
,duroc1 call$ ! ,african2 ,i ask$ him 8 
"n at ,anse1  :ile we 7 talk+ at ! inn1 
& ,i h se5 x1 besides1 on  8            
portmanteau4    ,well1 :at next8 ask$ ! 
(fic]1 laugh+4 ,x c]ta9ly is  my "n4    
,c x be6 int]rupt$ ,gontran2 & y are--  
,! workman 9 "q2 yes1 g5tlem54 ,!re w\ld
 h be5  no use 9 tell+ x1 b n[ !re is no
 use 9 conceal+ x4 ,i  ent]$ ! s]vice a 

week aft] ! accid5t1 & my regim5t  _h to
 leave = ,alg]ia1 s t ,i nev] aga9 met  
my fri5ds (  ! c>riage2 h[ev]1 ,i hope  
to see !m aga9 at ,lyons4    ,i w take y
 to !m1 said ,d>von quickly1 :ile (f]+  
8 h& to ! (fic]2 = ,i wi% we may be     
fri5ds1 ,monsieur  ,l\is4    ,:at1 we6  
repli$ ! milit>y man1 reg>d+ ,gontran ) 
hesitation4    ,oh6 please =get all t   
has pass$1 repli$ ! latt]2 ,i  am ready1
 if necess>y1 to ackn[l$ge ,i h be5     
wrong--    ,no6 int]rupt$ ,duroc1 no1   
inde$2 ,i 0 ! wrong-head$ "o1  & ,i     
regret x1 ,i give y my ^w ( honor4 ,bad 
habits ( !  regim5t1 y see4 ,because we 
h no fe>1 we l to %[ x on  all          
occasions1 & to ea* new-com]1 & s play !
 bully1 b  at he>t good *ildr52 s )\t   
malice1 monsieur4    ,he _h cordially   
press$ ,gontran's h&1 ,lepr seiz+ 8 at !
  same "t4    ,good6 cri$ he2 y are a   
true ,fr5*m51 & s is ,monsieur4  ,betwe5
 ,fr5*m51 p %\ld always agree4 ,i am    
delight$ to  h made y\r acqua9tance1 ,m4
 ,l\is ,duroc4 ,b1   propos1 d y "k x 0 

a mo/ happy co9cid5ce t ,i  oblig$ y to 
tell me y\r "n1 t y did n want to give  
me8 ,)\t me1 no "o w\ld h kn[n :at y 7  
wor?4    ,x is true1 repli$ ,grugel4 ,if
 ?is g5tleman _h talk$ less1  ?is       
explanation w\ld n h tak5 place1 & my   
c\s9 w\ld  h mi/ak5 ! true "* (         
,monsieur ,l\is4 ,y see1  *ance seems to
 h tak5 ! task ( support+ my !ory1 &    
all ! honor ( ! j\rney is m9e4    ,z he 
f9i%$ ^! words1 ! coa* /opp$2 !y _h     
arriv$4    ,! travell]s f\nd !          
dilig5ce-y>d cr[d$ ) relations or       
fri5ds await+ _! arrival4 ,! mis=tune ( 
! day be=e  0 kn[n1 & _h awak5$ all     
possible angui%4    ,d>von no soon]     
/epp$ d[n1 ?an he he>d 8 "n pron\nc$1   
&1 turn+1 saw 8 si/] ha/5+ to him )     
cries ( joy4  ,h] anxiety on 8 acc\nt _h
 caus$ h] to =get _!  qu>rel4    ,!y    
embrac$ ov] & ov] aga92 _! eyes moi/5$ )
  te>s z !y look$ at ea* o!r1 smil+4 ,!y
 7  reconcil$4    ,z !y w5t toge!r f !  
dilig5ce-y>d ,gontran met 8  travell+   
companions4 ,b>nau & ,lepr salut$ !m2   

,l\is ,duroc  r5ew$ 8 promise to visit  
!m2 ,mademoiselle ,a?nas de  ,lo*]ais   
alone pass$ )\t any sign ( recognition4 
,%e 0  too mu* occupi$ wat*+ h] baggage4
 ,jacques ,grugel turn$  !n to ,gontran4
    #dba    ,!re is ! only objection to 
my doctr9e1 said he1 po9t+  to ! old    
maid4 ,all our o!r companions h m or    
less  r$eem$ !mselves 9 our eyes3 !     
g\rm& procur$ u  a supp]2 ! babbl]      
reveal$ a useful secret2 ! qu>relsome   
"o gave pro( ( 8 g5]\s brav]y2 b ( :at  
use has be5  to u ! selfi% egotism (    
,mademoiselle de ,lo*]ais8    ,to make  
me realize ! value ( true devotion &    
t5d]ness1  repli$ ,gontran1 :o press$ 8 
si/]'s arm m closely to 8  he>t4 ,yes1 f
 to-day1 c\s91 ,i w adopt y\r sy/em4 ,i 
firmly believe !re is a good side to    
ev]y?+1 & t x is  only necess>y to "k   
:]e to look = ! ve9 (  gold4    --------
      ,say+s ,( ,! ,fa!rs ,( ,! ,des]t4 
,he :o rema9s alone by himself1 &       
ma9ta9s a /ate (  tranquillity1 is sav$ 
! wag+ ( ?ree w>s2 t is to say1  ! w>f>e

 ( he>+1 ( spee*1 & ( sight2 & he w h  b
 "o to c>ry on1 & t is ! w>f>e ( ! he>t4
      ,abbot ,ars5ius1 :ile he /ill     
dwelt 9 a palace1 pray$ to !  ,"l "o    
day1 & said1 ,o ,"l6 po9t out to me !   
way to  salvation4 ,& a voice came to   
him say+1 ,ars5ius1 avoid !  society (  
m51 & y %all be sav$4 ,!reupon he w5t   
away  to lead a mona/ic life1 & x happ5$
 t he aga9 made !  same pray]4 ,& he    
he>d a voice say+ unto him1 ,ars5ius1   
flee1 rema9 sil5t1 be tranquil4         
,abbot ,evagrius said3 ,ca/ f !e        
affection = _m ?+s1  le/ ?y m9d be full 
( tr\ble & lose its tranquillity4       
,a c]ta9 bro!r once w5t to ,scy?ia1 to  
ask advice ( ,abbot  ,moses4 ,& ! old   
man said to him1 ,g sit 9 ?y cell1 & ?y 
cell w tea* !e all ?+s4        ,abbot   
,nilus said3 ,he :o love? quiet %all be 
imp5etrable to  ! d>ts ( ! enemy2 b he  
:o m+le? ) ! multitude  %all receive _m 
w\nds4      ,a c]ta9 fa!r told ?is /ory3
 ,?ree p]sons :o lov$ _!  s\ls became   
monks4 ,"o ( !m *ose z 8 task ! mak+ up 

( qu>rels1 accord+ z x is writt51       
,bless$ are !  peacemak]s4 7,matt1 v47  
,! second det]m9$ to visit ! sick4  ,!  
?ird w5t away into ! des]t to rema9 9   
solitude4 ,n[1  ! fir/1 :o busi$ himself
 ab\t ! qu>rels ( m51 c\ld  n always    
succe$ 9 br++ ab\t a reconciliation4    
,sick at  he>t1 he w5t to see h[ he f>$ 
:o 0 visit+ ! sick1 &  f\nd t he also 0 
gr[+ we>y1 & 0 q unable to  c>ry out 8  
purpose4 ,^! two !n w5t toge!r to see ! 
"o :o _h gone into ! des]t1 & told him  
all _!  tr\bles4 ,& !n !y ask$ him to   
tell !m h[ he himself _h  got along4    
,aft] a %ort pause1 he p\r$ "s wat] into
 a bas9  & said to !m1 ,look at ! wat]4 
,& x 0 tr\bl$4 ,aft]  a little :ile he  
aga9 said to !m1 ,n[ look at ! wat]1 &  
see h[ cle> x has gr[n4 ,& !y1 look+ 9 !
 wat]1 saw  _! faces reflect$ z f a     
mirror4  #dbb  ,& !n he said to !m1 ,?us
 x is ) him :o lives among  m52 = f !   
turbul5ce ( 8 life he sees n 8 own  s9s2
 :51 h[ev]1 he is become tranquil1 &    
especially :5  he lives 9 solitude1 !n  

he cle>ly p]ceives 8 faults4      ,abbot
 ,elias said3 ,?ree ?+s ,i fe>4 ,"o is1 
! sep>ation (  s\l & body2 ! second1 my 
meet+ ) ,god ! ?ird1 !  s5t5ce :i* %all 
be pron\nc$ ^u me4      ,abbot ,james   
said3 ,z a light illum9ate? a room1 ev5 
s do?  ! fe> ( ,god1 :5 x %all h ent]$ !
 he>t ( man1  illum9ate & tea* him e    
virtue & ! precepts ( ,god4             
,syncletica1 ( holy memory1 said3 ,!    
wick$ :o are conv]t$ to  ,god h to toil 
& /ruggle mu*1 b aft]w>d _! joy is      
ineffable4 ,= z ^? :o wi% to k9dle a    
fire h fir/ to  be> ! smoke1 & are      
(ttimes =c$ to %$ te>s be=e !y  succe$ =
 x is writt51 ,our ,god is a consum+    
fire--s  ought we also to k9dle )9 u !  
div9e flame amid toils &  te>s4      ,a 
fa!r said3 ,z we c>ry our %ad[ ab\t ) u 
ev]y:]e1  ev5 s ought we always to weep 
& be contrite4        ,!y tell ( ,abbot 
,aga?o t he kept a pebble 9 8 m\?  ?ree 
ye>s1 & ?us acquir$ sil5ce4      ,abbot 
,aga?o 0 once mak+ a j\rney ) 8         
disciples1 :5  "o ( !m f\nd a little    

bundle ( gre5 vet*es ly+ on !  roadside1
 & said to 8 ma/]1 ,fa!r1 if y wi% x1 ,i
 w  take !m4 ,! old man look$ at him 9  
a/oni%m5t1 & ask$1  ,did/ ?\ place !m   
!re8 ,& ! disciple said ,no4 ,&  !n !   
fa!r repli$1 ,:y1 !n1 d y desire to take
 away  :at y h n plac$ !re8    ,abbot   
,evagrius tells t a fa!r once said3 ,i  
deprive myself (  c>nal delights1 9 ord]
 t ,i may ! m readily avoid  occasions (
 ang]4 ,= ,i "k t ?is passion always    
attacks  & di/urbs my m9d & cl\ds my    
intellect accord+ z ,i  indulge 9 c>nal 
delights4      ,epiphanius1 ,bi%op (    
,cyprus1 once s5t = ,abbot ,hil>ion1 t  
he might see him be=e he di$4 ,:5 !y _h 
met & 7  d9+1 a f[l 0 set on ! table :i*
 ! bi%op (f]$  ,hil>ion4 ,& !n ,hil>ion 
said1 ,p>don me1 fa!r1 = ev]  s9ce ,i h 
worn ?is habit ,i h nev] eat5 ( any?+   
sla94 ,& !n ,epiphanius repli$1 ,& ,i1  
s9ce ,i h worn  ?is habit1 h nev] all[$ 
any "o to sleep :o _h any?+  aga9/ me1  
nor h ,i ev] slept hav+ aught aga9/ any 
"o4  ,p>don me1 repli$ ! old man1 y\r   

life is m p]fect ?an  m9e4        ,!y   
tell ( ,abbot ,elladius t he liv$ 9 8   
cell tw5ty  ye>s )\t ev] lift+ 8 eyes to
 ! ceil+4      ,abbot ,john ! ,small    
said3 ,if a k+ %\ld wi% to take a       
ho/ile city1 he w\ld fir/ int]cept      
supplies ( wat] &  provisions1 & ?us !  
enemy1 be+ 9 dang] ( />vation1  w\ld    
fall into 8 h&s4 ,s x is ) ! inord9ate  
desires  ( ! /oma*4 ,if a man fa/ well1 
! enemies ( 8 s\l gr[  weak4    --------
    #dbc        ,new ,publications4     
,language1 ,& ,! ,/udy ,( ,languages4   
,9 ,twelve ,lectures on !    ,pr9ciples 
( ,l+ui/ic ,sci5ce4    ,by ,william     
,dwight ,:itney1 ,pr(essor (            
,sanskrit & ,mod]n ,languages 9 ,yale   
,college4    ,new ,york3 ,scribn]  ,co4 
#ahfg4 #abmo1 pp4 #dhi4    ,pr(essor    
,:itney1 ) a full k ( ! *ief results    
?us f> obta9$ 9 l+ui/ic sci5ce by       
philologi/s1 appe>s  to be passably free
 & indep5d5t 9 8 judgm5ts1 &  cauti\s & 
sob] 9 8 inductions4 ,8 book is1 h[ev]1 
r an introduction to ! /udy ( l+ui/ics  

?an a full  /atem5t & v9dication ( its  
pr9ciples z a sci5ce4 ,its  *ief m]it is
 9 its correction ( ! exagg]ations (    
en?usia/ic & ha/y philologi/s1 & 9 bru%+
 away  num]\s false !ories & hypo!ses   
unsu/a9$ &  unsu/a9able by ! facts 9 !  
case4    ,= ! mo/ "p1 ! pr9ciples laid  
d[n by ! au?or are  s\nd &              
incontrov]tible2 b 9 "s in/ances 8      
application  ( !m1 & ! conclusions he   
draws1 may be disput$4 ,ev5 8  def9ition
 ( language1 z ! m$ium by :i* m5        
communicate  _! ?\ghts to "o ano!r1     
maybe object$ to z sup]ficial  &        
inadequate1 & z really includ+ only "o (
 its  functions4 ,language is bett]     
def9$3 ! s5sible sign or  repres5tation 
( ! ideal or ! intelligible1 & is z     
indisp5sable to ! =mation ( ?\ght 9 "o's
 own m9d z to  ! communication ( ?\ght  
to ! m9ds ( o!rs4 ,=  intuition1 no     
matt] ( :at sort1 language inde$ is n   
necess>y2 b intuition is !  priori      
condition (  ?\ght1 z necess>y to x z   
creation is to cont+5t  exi/5ce1 n ?\ght

 itself4 ,)\t intuition !re is no       
?\ght2 b ?\ght itself is ! action ( !   
m9d on !  intuition--an action n        
possible )\t ! s5sible sign  :i* holds &
 repres5ts--re-pres5ts--! intuition4    
,:at  c\ld we d 9 algebra or ! calculus 
)\t s5sible signs2 or  9 philosophy or  
!ology1 or any?+ t belongs to ! noetic  
or intelligible ord]1 )\t ! words :i*   
hold & repres5t  ! noetic object8 ,!re  
is a m intimate connection ( ?\ght  & ! 
^w ?an ! pr(essor admits--a deep]       
significance1 a  pr(\nd] philosophy1 a m
 inscrutable my/]y 9 language1  ?an mo/ 
philologi/s dream (1 & he :o ma/]s its  
secret  ma/]s ! secret ( ! univ]se4 ,he 
:o is no !ologian1 no  philosoph]1 c at 
be/ be only a sorry philologi/4 ,! "p  c
 be fully und]/ood only 9 its relation  
to ! :ole1 nor  ! effect )\t its cause1 
& h5ce x is t man & !  univ]se _c be    
und]/ood )\t ! k ( ,god4    ,! au?or    
reg>ds l+ui/ics z a moral sci5ce1       
dep5d5t  :olly on moral causes1 & d5ies 
t x is a physical sci5ce1  or t physical

 causes h any?+ to d 9 produc+ !        
dialectic *anges1 modifications1 or     
diff]5ces ( language1  :i* ! sci5ce     
notes4 ,"h he is too sweep+ 9 bo? 8     
ass]tion & 8 d5ial4 ,moral causes op]ate
 9 ! *anges  language und]goes2 & s d   
physical causes1 especially 9 its       
phonetic *ange4 ,at any rate1 l+ui/ics  
is to be class$ )  ! inductive sci5ces1 
&1 !re=e1 is a subord9ate sci5ce1  & c  
nev] )\t =eign aid be rais$ to ! dignity
 or  c]ta9ty ( sci5ce itself4 ,none ( ! 
inductive sci5ces are  complete 9       
!mselves1 or suffici5t = !mselves1 & !y 
all d & mu/1 consci\sly or unconsci\sly1
 borr[ f  philosophy or !ology1 :i* has 
be5 v prop]ly call$  sci5tia sci5ti>um1 
! sci5ce ( sci5ces4 ,facts are  facts   
always & ev]y:]e2 b facts are ! matt] ( 
sci5ce1  n sci5ce itself4 ,! sci5ce is 9
 _! explication1 or _!  r$uction to !   
pr9ciples f :i* !y proce$1 & ! law  ( _!
 procession or production4  #dbd  ,!    
inductive philosoph]s seek to obta9 !   
law by induction  f ! facts obs]v$1 & ! 

pr9ciple by induction f !  law1 :i* is  
unsci5tific2 = ! pr9ciple det]m9es !    
law1  & ! law ! facts4 ,h5ce _!         
inductions are nev] sci5ce1  or any?+ m 
?an empirical classifications4 ,till !  
law is  ref]r$ to its pr9ciple1 x is n a
 law1 b simply a  cong]ies ( facts4 ,!  
reason :y ! inductive philosoph]s  fail 
to p]ceive ?is is 9 ! fact t ! m9d is   
already 9  possession ( ! pr9ciple1 &   
simply supplies or applies x to  ! facts
 obs]v$2 :ile !y1 f9d+ !y h x1 take x = 
grant$ t !y h obta9$ x by induction4 ,b 
he :o lacks  intuition ( ! ideal or !   
univ]sal c nev] f !  obs]vation &       
analysis ( facts rise sci5tifically     
above !  ph5om5al4 ,"h1 "u ! po9t ( view
 ( sci5ce1 is !  defect ( all !         
inductive sci5ces2 & h5ce1 ! t5d5cy (   
all inductive philosophy1 z any "o may  
see 9 ! writ+s (  ! ,positivi/s1 ,augu/e
 ,comte1 ,e4 ,littr1 ,j4 ,/u>t ,mill1   
,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & ,sir ,william ,hamilton
 & 8 s*ool1 is to  re/rict all sci5ce to
 ! ph5om5al1 &1 !re=e1 to  exclude      

pr9ciples & causes1 & consequ5tly laws4 
,we d n mean by ^! /rictures to exclude 
! inductive  sci5ces1 s-call$1 to       
condemn ! inductive me?od1 or to  ma9ta9
 t ! sci5ces are to be creat$ by way (  
d$uction  or  priori4 ,! inductive me?od
 is c5surable only :5  x insi/s on be+  
exclusive1 & t x ne$s = its  application
 only b>e ph5om5a2 & we value z highly z
  anybody does ! inductive sci5ces :5   
complet$ by !  pr9ciples & laws :i* are 
nei!r obta9$ nor obta9able by           
induction4 ,!re is no way ( con/ruct+   
l+ui/ics b by  obs]vation ( facts &     
induction !refrom4 ,! error z to        
pr9ciples & me?od ( ,pr(essor ,:itney   
is1 t he =gets  t all inductions ( any  
value are made by virtue ( a  pr9ciple n
 obta9$ by induction1 &1 !re=e1         
controllable  by ! sci5ce ( sci5ces1 t  
is1 by fai?1 & univ]sal  sci5ce or      
philosophy4    ,! pr(essor proves v     
satisfactorily t :at are call$  dialects
 are ! result ( developm5t1 gr[?1 or    
modifications  ( ! orig9al language1 &1 

!re=e1 t ! unity ( !  language prec$es  
div]sity ( dialects4 ,h5ce1 he ma9ta9s t
  ! v>i\s languages ( ! ,aryan1         
,indo-,g]manic1 or1 z he  pref]s to say1
 ,indo-,european gr\p1 h all sprung f a 
common orig9al n[ lo/1 b ( :i* p]haps ! 
,sanscrit is  ! be/ repres5tative n[    
rema9+4 ,:y n1 !n1 conclude  t all !    
languages ( mank9d1 ext9ct or extant1 h 
sprung  f "o common orig9al8 ,if we     
suppose ! unity ( ! species1  ?is mu/ be
 s2 & ! pr(essor says t1 :ile l+ui/ics  
is n & nev] w be able to confirm x1 x   
_c1 by any  means1 d5y x4 ,! div]sity ( 
tongues1 !n1 _c be alleg$  z disprov+ ! 
unity ( ! species2 & z we "k !  species 
is "o1 & t all m5 h sprung f "o orig9al 
pair1 we "k t all ! div]se tongues ( m5 
are b s _m  dialects ( "o & ! same      
orig9al language4 ,?is is n an          
induction f l+ui/ic facts1 nor c        
l+ui/ics1 9 its  pres5t /ate1 confirm x2
 b x is a sci5tific tru?1 & also  a tru?
 ( fai? :i* controls air l+ui/ic        
inductions4 ,!  pr(essor himself goes   

too f> :5 he says l+ui/ics w  nev] be 9 
a condition to confirm x4 ,t x w n is   
possible1 n c]ta94 ,8 :ole "w proves t z
 yet !  sci5ce ( l+ui/ics is 9 its      
infancy1 h>dly a sci5ce at  all1 & t x  
is n safe to conclude :at x may "o day  
d1  or n d4    ,! pr(essor proce$s      
?r\gh\t on ! assumption t language  is  
conv5tional4 ,we d n agree to ?is1 = !re
 c be no  conv5tion )\t language1 &     
language1 z he himself %[s1  is         
traditional4 ,i speak ,engli% because ,i
 0 born1 br\ght up1  & live 9 a         
community t speaks ,engli%1 & because ,i
 h  le>n$ or be5 taught x4 ,x is my "m  
tongue1 ! tongue (  my "m1 & taught me  
by h]4 ,p>ticul> words1 & p>ticul>      
s5ses ( words already 9 use1 may h be5  
conv5tionally  introduc$1 b n language  
itself4  #dbe  ,^! words1 :e!r newly    
co9$ or borr[$ f o!r tongues1  d n make 
up ! language or modify its laws2 !y add
 to its  vocabul>y1 b are subject$ to   
its regim54 ,we h borr[$  l>gely f !    
,lat91 b we _c con/ruct a s5t5ce )      

words s borr[$ till we h made !m ,engli%
 words4 ,nobody  c talk ,lat9 9 ,engli%1
 ?\gh we c talk ,engli% 9 words  :olly (
 ,lat9 orig94 ,! vocabul>y is ( v>i\s   
orig91 b  ! language is ,engli%1 & has  
rema9$ s ?r\gh all !  *anges ! vocabul>y
 has und]gone2 & ?is ,engli% language   
defies all conv5tions1 & ! influ5ce (   
bo? ! le>n$ &  ! unle>n$4    ,pr(essor  
,:itney1 :o appe>s nev] to h und]/ood ! 
relation ( ! inductive sci5ces ei!r to  
sci5ce or to fai?1  d5ies ! div9e &     
sup]natural orig9 ( language1 supposes  
man to h comm5c$ 8 c>e] on ?is e>? )\t  
language1  & to h =m$ = himself         
volunt>ily b irreflectively  language1  
by attempt+ to imitate ! v>i\s cries (  
animals  & ! m /rik+ s\nds ( nature1    
among :i* !re is n  a s+le articulate   
s\nd1 ! di/+ui%+ m>k ( human  spee*4 ,he
 does n repres5t m5 z say+ to "o ano!r1 
,g  to1 n[2 let u con/ruct a language1 s
 t we c tell ea*  o!r our ?\ghts2 b he  
repres5ts !m z li/5+ to !  gr[l1 b>k+1 &
 h[l+ ( dogs1 ! bleat+ ( %eep1 !  moo+ (

 c[s1 ! *irp+ ( birds1 ! cr[+ ( ! cock1 
! hiss+ ( ! s]p5t1 ! ro>+ & :i/l+ ( !   
w9ds1 ! rattl+ ( ! %[] or p\r+ ( ! ra91 
!  bell[+ ( ! /orm1 &1 by way (         
imitation1 =m+ out (  ^! in>ticulate    
s\nds language 9 :i* we praise ,god &   
communicate ) m54 ,he adopts !          
onomatopoetic or b[-w[  !ory1 s         
contemptu\sly dismiss$ by ,max ,mll]4   
,!re is no  d\bt t 9 all dialects !re h 
be5 introduc$ vocables 9  :i* !re is an 
attempt 9 ! ^w itself to imitate ! s\nd 
or cry ( ! object nam$2 b1 suppos+ m5 _h
 no language  & 7 unable to conv]se1 h[ 
7 !y to agree on !  mean+ to be giv5 to 
^! imitat$ s\nds1 or con/ruct ^!  words 
into s5t5ces compos$ ( subject1         
pr$icate1 & copula1  inflect$ accord+ to
 ! dem&s ( numb]1 g5d]1 case1 mood1  &  
t5se8 ,!re may h also be5 vocables =m$ f
  int]jections1 & !re may be "s tru? 9 !
 int]jectional  or pooh6 pooh6 !ory2 b  
h[ =m !m into words1 & ^!  words into   
language ) its grammatical laws &       
inflections  be=e any k ( gramm> or     

language1 & br+ ab\t a  g5]al und]/&+ z 
to ! s5se !y are to be>8 ,! same        
objections may be urg$ aga9/ ! d+-dong  
!ory1 or t man  is s con/ruct$ t1 :5    
t\*$ 9 a c]ta9 mann]1 he  involunt>ily  
emits a c]ta9 s\nd4 ,^! !ories expla9 ! 
orig9 ( c]ta9 vocables1 b n ( language4 
,pr(essor ,:itney is n will+1 by any    
means1 to admit !  sup]natural orig9 (  
language1 = ! inductive sci5ces         
recognize no?+ above nature4 ,b none ( !
 facts treat$ by  any "o ( ! inductive  
sci5ces are explicable )\t ,god1 &  ,god
 is sup]natural4 ,man has 8 orig9 9 !   
sup]natural1  ?\gh ! species is develop$
 by natural g5]ation4 ,9 l  mann]1      
language1 ?\gh develop$1 modifi$1 or    
*ang$  /ructurally or phonetically by   
natural causes accord+ to  natural laws1
 has its orig9 9 ! sup]natural1 or !    
direct  act ( ,god infus+ x along ) !   
ideal tru? x signifies  into ! fir/ man4
 ,its orig9 is div9e1 z is ! orig9 (    
man4 ,?is is evid5t because x requires 9
 man ! possession (  language to be able

 to inv5t language1 z we h already se54 
,x is f ,god1 because x c come f no o!r 
s\rce2 &  imm$iately f ,god to ! fir/   
man1 ?\gh traditionally to  u1 because  
!re is no natural m$ium ?r\gh :i* its   
orig9ation is possible2 yet n ! entire  
vocabul>y (  language1 b language 9 !   
respect t x is ! s5sible  sign or       
repres5tation ( ! ideal or !            
intelligible1 :5ce  proce$s ! s5sible1  
:i* copies or imitates x4    #dbf       
,i4 ,grammatical ,syn!sis3    ,! ,art ( 
,engli% ,composition4    ,by ,h5ry ,n4  
,day4    ,new ,york3 ,scribn]  ,co4     
#ahfg4    #abmo1 pp4 #cef4      #b4 ,!  
,art ,( ,disc\rse3    ,a ,sy/em (       
,rhetoric4    ,by ,h5ry ,n4 ,day4       
,new ,york3 ,scribn]  ,co4 #ahfg4       
#abmo1 pp4 #cdc4    ,we "k ,mr4 ,day    
only z ! au?or ( ^! two books1 & ^!  d n
 give u a v high op9ion ( him ei!r z a  
ma/] (  ,engli% gramm> or ( ,engli%     
composition4 ,8 volumes are  elaborate1 
& evid5tly h co/ him mu* "t & h>d /udy2 
he has aim$ to make !m pr(\nd1 logical1 

philosophical1  attractive1 & pr(itable 
to ! /ud5t2 b _! dep? is  less ?an he   
believes1 _! logic is m pret5ti\s ?an   
real1  & _! philosophy is borr[$ f a bad
 s*ool4    ,! fir/ "w purports to be a  
gramm> ( ! ,engli% language1  & aims1   
:ile tea*+ ! art ( composition or !     
con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 to make ! /udy ( 
gramm>  attractive by ex]cis+ ! ?\ght & 
reason+ faculty ( !  pupil4 ,! aim is   
comm5dable1 b is r>ely successful4 ,!   
au?or lacks simplicity1 ease1 & grace z 
a writ]1 & a  ?or\gh ma/]y ( 8 subject2 
& 8 gramm>1 by its attempt  at logic &  
philosophy1 is bett] fitt$ to disc\rage 
?an to  quick5 ?\ght4 ,z f> z we c      
discov]1 ! "w is no  improvem5t on      
,l9dley ,murray's well-kn[n ,engli%     
gramm>2 x is  less simple1 & n a :it m  
logical or philosophical4 ,x  dep>ts    
widely f ! old grammatical te*nology1 b 
) no  advantage1 t we c discov]1 to !   
pupil4 ,:at is ga9$ by  call+ adjectives
 & adv]bs modifi]s1 a "n  appropriate to
 adv]bs only8 ,adjectives qualify2      

adv]bs  modify4 ,murray def9es ! v]b1 ,a
 ^w t signifies to  be1 to d1 or to     
suff]4 ,:at d we ga9 by reject+ ?is     
def9ition1 & def9+ x to be ! ^w 9 a     
s5t5ce t  ass]ts8 ,! au?or makes a      
s5t5ce1 z a judgm5t1 consi/ (  ?ree     
p>ts1 subject1 pr$icate1 & copula1 :i*  
is correct4 ,he  id5tifies ! v]b ) !    
copula1 :i* is also correct2 b  he makes
 its ess5ce consi/ 9 ass]tion1 :i* is n 
correct4  ,!re is1 inde$1 no ass]tion   
)\t ! copula2 b ! copula  alone does n  
make ! ass]tion4 ,! ass]tion is made by 
!  :ole s5t5ce2 & ! ?ree t]ms1 subject1 
pr$icate1 &  copula1 are ea* equally    
necess>y to ! ass]tion or judgm5t4  ,!  
au?or is "r 9 mak+ ! v]b ! copula1 b n  
:5  he makes its ess5ce consi/ 9        
ass]tion4 ,! v]b1 ! au?or  says1 is !   
copula1 & ess5tially ! copula m]ely     
expresses  ! id5tity or non-id5tity ( ! 
subject & pr$icate2 b  ! copula1 9 a    
judgm5t1 di/+ui%es z well z unites !    
subject & pr$icate1 & ! pr$icate is nev]
 id5tical )  ! subject2 =1 if x 71 x    

w\ld be subject & n  pr$icate4 ,:5 an   
au?or attempts to make gramm>1 logic1 & 
philosophy correspond1 he c escape      
c5sure only by success4  ,murray's      
def9ition ( ! v]b is suffici5t = u & =  
all  ! purposes ( gramm>4 ,z su*1 x is  
en\gh to say a v]b is a  ^w t signifies 
to be1 to d1 or to suff]2 b1 if y  insi/
 on runn+ gramm> into logic1 & mak+ !   
v]b express  ! copula ( ! judgm5t1 we   
insi/ t y %all make x  repres5t1 z x    
does philosophically1 ! creative act1 ! 
real  copula betwe5 be+ & exi/5ce1 9 :i*
 case ! pr$icate  is connect$ by !      
copula to ! subject z its product1 z :5 
we say1 ,two & two make f\r4 ,! v]b1 !n1
 :ile x expresses  ! union ( ! pr$icate 
) subject1 di/+ui%es x f  ! subject1 z !
 effect f ! cause4    ,! details ( !    
book are frequ5tly objectionable4 ,!    
au?or  makes z1 :5 x foll[s "s1 su*1 s1 
&  z1 a relative pron\n1 & t1 9 !       
clause1  ,! la/ "t t ,i saw him1 a      
relative pron\n1 & 9 o!r  locutions1    
exactly simil>1 a conjunction4 ,z is    

nev] a  relative pron\n 9 any correct   
speak]1 b an adv]b or  conjunction (    
comp>ison4 ,we d\bt if z ev] prop]ly    
foll[s same4 ,x is ! same z a d5ial is n
  good ,engli%1 al?\gh sometimes met )2 
b1 if s1 !  s5t5ce is elliptical4 ,x is 
! same z a d5ial w\ld be4  ,ord9>ily1   
same requires t1 :i*1 or  :o aft] x2 &  
:]e x w n take "o or ano!r (  ^! t]ms1 x
 requires )2 = same expresses  id5tity n
 comp>ison1 &1 !re=e1 c nev] be prop]ly 
foll[$ by z4  #dbg  ,! same z seems to u
 no bett] ?an equal z4  ,s1 :5 x mu/ be 
foll[$ by a relative pron\n1  dem&s t4  
,he w5t z f> z ! gate is good  ,engli%1 
b nei!r z is a relative pron\n4 ,!      
phrase1  ,su* m5 z ^! is elliptical =1  
,su* m5 z  ^! m5 are1 :]e z is cle>ly an
 adv]b or  conjunction ( comp>ison1 & no
 relative pron\n at all4  ,:]ev] z is   
us$ z a relative1 ! phrase or s5t5ce  is
 a vulg>ism2 z1 9 ! phrase m5tion$ by   
,mrs4 ,trollope1  ,! lady z takes 9 wa%+
 ov] ! way1 ?\gh n a  ,yankee vulg>ism4 
,! second "w %\ld1 by its title1 ,! ,art

 (  ,disc\rse1 be a "w on logic1 n on   
rhetoric4  ,disc\rse is f ! ,lat9       
discursus1 & means  reason+ z di/+ui%$ f
 intuition1 if tak5  etymologically1 & x
 is only 9 a neological s5se t x  /&s = 
an oration4 ,we see no ga9 9 ex*ang+ !  
old t]m  rhetoric = t ( disc\rse1 :i* 9 
! s5se  us$ is a pure neologism4 ,9 !   
fir/ "w1 ! au?or to a  great ext5t      
confuses gramm> ) rhetoric1 & 9 ?is     
second  "w he confuses rhetoric ) logic4
 ,! arts ( gramm>1  rhetoric1 & logic   
are und\bt$ly ?ree k9dr$ arts1 b yet    
di/+ui%able by well-def9$ l9es (        
diff]5ce4 ,gramm>  treats ( words & _!  
=mation into s5t5ces2 rhetoric1 (  !    
arrangem5t ( s5t5ces 9 an oration1      
essay1 diss]tation1  or treatise2 logic1
 ( ! con/ruction1 arrangem5t1 &         
relation ( propositions or judgm5ts4    
,gramm> tea*es to speak  & write        
correctly2 rhetoric1 to speak or write  
pleas+ly &  p]suasively2 logic tea*es u 
to reason ju/ly & conclusively4  ,gramm>
 makes u acqua9t$ ) language2 rhetoric  

addresses  language to ! affections1    
passions1 & s5tim5ts2 logic  addresses !
 reason & judgm5t4 ,?\gh !y mu/ all ?ree
  unite 9 =m+ :at ,mr4 ,day w\ld call a 
p]fect disc\rse1  !y %\ld be taught     
sep>ately4 ,s5t5ces may be correctly    
=m$1 & yet ! disc\rse be heavy & dull2 !
 s5t5ces  may be rhetorically arrang$ s 
z to move ! feel+s1 )\t  in/ruct+ or    
conv9c+ ! und]/&+2 b /ill1 9  tea*+1 ea*
 art %\ld be kept di/9ct1 & prev5t$ f   
encroa*+ on ! prov9ce ( ei!r ( ! o!rs4  
,mr4 ,day's treatise on rhetoric is n1 9
 our judgm5t1 sup]ior1  or1 z a :ole1   
equal to t ( ,campbell or ev5 t (       
,blair4  ,yet x is n )\t value1 ?\gh    
bett] adapt$ to private  /udy ?an to    
colleges & academies4 ,no man c treat ! 
art (  rhetoric well :o does n und]/&   
well ! sci5ce bo? (  language & ( logic4
 ,mr4 ,day is well aw>e ( ?is1 &        
attempts to connect ! art ) ! sci5ce (  
:i* x is !  application4 ,?is is well & 
praisewor?y2 b1 unhappily1 he  und]/&s !
 sci5ce nei!r ( language nor ( logic4   

,he does  n und]/& ! relation ( ! ^w to 
?\ght any m ?an  does ,pr(essor ,:itney2
 & no "o c und]/& ! sci5ce (  logic     
until he has ma/]$ philosophical sci5ce1
 :i* ,mr4 ,day  is v f> f hav+ done4 ,! 
sci5ce nei!r ( language nor  ( logic c  
be ma/]$ by "o :o holds ,sir ,william   
,hamilton  0 a philosoph]1 ^: pret5d$   
philosophy is sub/antially  t ( !       
,positivi/s4 ,! s*ool ,sir ,william     
,hamilton f\nd$1  & ( :i* ,pr(essor     
,f]ri] & ,mr4 ,mansel are di/+ui%$      
disciples1 av[$ly ma9ta9s t philosophy  
_c rise above  ! s5sible1 & t !         
sup]s5sible z well z !  sup]9telligible 
mu/ be tak51 if at all1 on ! au?ority ( 
fai? or revelation4    ,mr4 ,day belongs
 to ?is s*ool1 & adopts1 to a great     
ext5t1  its mann] ( writ+ ,engli%1 :i*  
is h>dly m intelligible  to u ?an       
,*octaw or ! dialects ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,8
 example1  if n 8 precept1 is likely to 
enc\rage ! di/ortion1 we may  say       
corruption1 ( pla91 simple1 & n]v\s     
,engli%1 :i* we  see com+ into fa%ion ) 

our ,engli% z well z ,scotti%  writ]s4  
,! pres5t race ( ,engli%m51 :5 treat+   
philosophical or !ological subjects1    
seem to mi/ake obscurity  = dep?1 &     
d>kness = sublimity4 ,und5iably ,jeffrey
 is  dead4 ,we wi% ! au?ors (           
s*ool-books w\ld %[ t !y  "k & love our 
real ,engli% tongue1 & are aw>e t       
simplicity & cle>ness ( /yle are m]its t
 %\ld be  reta9$4    ------    #dbh     
,%ort ,/udies ,on ,great ,subjects4     
,by ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de1 ,m4,a41 late 
,fell[ ( ,exet] ,college1 ,ox=d4        
,cr[n #hvo1 pp4 #ecd4 ,new ,york3       
,*>les ,scribn]  ,co4    ,mr4 ,fr\de is 
a v />tl+ in/ance ( ! tru? ( a  /atem5t 
(t5 made dur+ ! la/ few ye>s--& made by 
m5  )9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& z well by m5    
outside h]  pale--t ! ,anglican         
e/abli%m5t is rapidly los+ all hold  ^u 
! mo/ ?\ghtful & be/ educat$ ( ^? :o    
pr(ess  to be h] subjects4 ,"t1 :i*     
tries all ?+s1 is  demon/rat+ beyond    
cavil ! insuffici5cy ( ,anglicanism n   
only to cont5t ! s\l b to satisfy !     

intellect4 ,!re are  fa%ions ( ?\ght j z
 !re are fa%ions ( dress1 & !  *ur* :i* 
,h5ry ,,viii4 made to fit z well z he   
c\ld !  prevail+ /yle ( m5tal activity 9
 8 day has be5 gett+  m & m antiquat$   
ev] s9ce1 until n[ x w no m  suit !     
intellig5ce ( ! pres5t c5tury ?an ,k+   
,h>ry's  hose & d\blet w\ld accord ) a  
mod]n f9e g5tleman's idea  ( dress4 ,9 !
 sixte5? c5tury1 ! mass ( m5 knew v     
little2 & s1 :5 ! k+'s cl]gy told !m to 
believe ?is  or to believe t1 !y 7 ready
 en\gh to obey1 n because  !y he>d !    
*ur* z ! voice ( ,god1 b because x 0    
only ! *ur*m5 :o _h le>n+ en\gh to "k   
any?+ ab\t  x4 ,n[ all ?is is *ang$4 ,! 
relative positions ( !  ,prote/ant cl]gy
 & laity h be5 rev]s$4 ,! education (  !
 =m] is = ! mo/ "p n>r[ & sup]ficial4 ,!
 be/  class ( laym51 on ! contr>y1      
receive a broad & lib]al  s*ool+2 !y    
s\nd ! remote/ dep?s ( sci5ce1 &        
p5etrate recesses ( nature to :i* !     
cl]gy1 z a g5]al  ?+1 nev] approa*4     
,tak+ ! av]age ( all ! educat$  classes1

 ! laity "k m ?an ! *ur*m54 ,! ob$i5ce1 
!re=e1 :i* ignorance once paid to le>n+ 
has vani%$4  ,:at is !re to sub/itute 9 
its /ead8 ,! ,anglican  e/abli%m5t      
claims no direct au?ority f heav5 to    
tea* &  direct1 or1 if %e does ass]t any
 su* pr]ogative1 %e ass]ts  x 9 s loose 
a mann]1 claim+ & disclaim+ 9 ! same    
brea?1 t h] disciples _c help feel+     
!mselves at  p]fect lib]ty to obey or n 
z !y please4    ,:at is ! natural       
consequ5ce ( ?is /ate ( ?+s8 ,:y1       
e>ne/1 ?9k+ m5 are driv5 away f !       
,engli%  e/abli%m5t 9 con/antly increas+
 numb]s4 ,9 a few ye>s1  if matt]s g on 
z !y are n[ go+1 ! regul> old humdrum   
,episcopalian or ,anglican w be z great 
a curiosity z ! la/  soldi] ( !         
,revolution4 ,"s are tak+ refuge 9      
ritualism1  & try+ to supplant _! cold &
 *e]less e/abli%m5t by  a c\nt]feit     
,ca?olicism1 :i* may1 & we hope w1 lead 
!m  ultimately to ! "o true fai?1 b :i* 
is at pres5t only a  pretty %am4 ,o!rs1 
& among ^! is ,mr4 ,fr\de1 ru% to !     

opposite extreme1 & pr(ess an           
extravagant rationalism :i* is  ne>ly   
equival5t to no cre$ at all4 ,mr4 ,fr\de
 has be5  reg>d$ z 9 "s s5se ! *ampion (
 ! ,engli%  e/abli%m5t4 ,he is ! admir+ 
*ronicl] ( its infancy1 !  apologi/ &   
biograph] ( its e>lie/ apo/les &        
prophets1  ,h5ry & ,elizabe?1 ,cromwell 
& ,cranm]4 ,he has made !  hi/ory ( its 
f\ndation ! /udy ( 8 life1 & has told  t
 hi/ory 9 a /ra9 ( en?usiasm su* z has  
inspir$ no  o!r reputable writ]4 ,if !re
 is any man f :om we might  h expect$ a 
vigor\s def5ce ( ! claims (             
,anglicanism1 a  recognition ( its "r to
 comm& our ob$i5ce1 x is ,mr4  ,fr\de4  
,yet he has giv5 u j ! rev]se ( ?is4 ,8 
volume  is at once a />tl+ indication ( 
! m5tal unre/ :i* has  kept ?9k+        
,anglicans di/urb$ ( late ye>s1 & a     
/rong  prote/ aga9/ ! "r ( ! ,*ur* (    
,engl& to seek to  quiet t uneas9ess by 
! ex]cise ( ecclesia/ical au?ority  or !
 bold promulgation ( cl]ical dogmas4 ,9 
8 ,plea = !  ,free ,discussion (        

,!ological ,difficulties1 repr9t$ 9 !   
pres5t volume f ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 he   
calls = a  reop5+ ( all ! fundam5tal    
que/ions ( religi\s belief1 a           
subjection ( e article ( e cre$ to ! mo/
 se>*+  discussion4  #dbi  ,! cl]gy1 he 
says 9 effect1 are n to be our          
in/ructors 9  matt]s ( !ology4 ,we are q
 z compet5t to judge z !y  are4         
,!ological tru? is n diff]5t f any o!r  
tru?4 ,!  ,holy ,_s does n guide !      
,*ur*1 & !re is no tribunal  b public   
op9ion :i* is compet5t to decide disput$
  que/ions ( religi\s belief4 ,9 a ^w1 !
 great tru?s (  !ology are all to be    
decl>$ op5 problems1 & ! _w is  to be   
turn$ into "o great debat+ society = _! 
free  discussion4    ,?is is n ! place  
to %[ ! t5d5cy ( ,mr4 ,fr\de's          
pr9ciples1 nor to ,ca?olic read]s is !re
 mu* ne$ ( %[+  x4 ,we only ref] to !m z
 a rem>kable example ( a /ate (  feel+  
:i* prevails among a l>ge p>ty ( ! mo/  
intellectual memb]s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 
& :at !  result ( t /ate ( feel+ mu/ be 

x is n difficult to  tell4    ,( ! o!r  
essays 9 ?is volume we h little to say4 
,!  ?ree lectures on ,! ,times (        
,erasmus & ,lu!r are n v  pleasant read+
 = u1 b !y are c\nt]balanc$ by a pap]   
on ,! ,philosophy ( ,ca?olicism1 9 :i* !
 writ] pays an  eloqu5t tribute to !    
beautiful cre$ :i* = #aejj ye>s  tun$ ! 
he>t & =m$ ! m9d ( ! noble/ ( mank9d4   
,8 admiration1 ( c\rse1 /ops %ort ( its 
logical t]m1 &  is b a coldly           
intellectual sort ( appreciation at     
be/--n  t emotional compreh5sion :i* mu/
 accompany ! grace (  fai?2 b1 su* z x  
is1 we ?ank him = x4    -------         
,life ,& ,lett]s ,( ,madame ,swet*9e4   
,by ,c\nt de ,fall\x1 ( ! ,fr5*         
,academy4    ,translat$ by ,h4 ,w4      
,pre/on1    #a vol4 #abmo1 pp4 #cfi4    
,bo/on3 ,rob]ts ,bro!rs4    ,new ,york3 
,! ,ca?olic ,publication ,society4      
#ahfg4    ,x c h>dly be necess>y to in=m
 our read]s :o ,madame  ,swet*9e 01 or  
:at are ! claims ( h] life & c>e] to  ! 
int]e/ & att5tion ( ! public4 ,a sket* (

 h]  rem>kable hi/ory has be5 already   
giv5 9 ,! ,ca?olic  ,_w = ,july1 #ahfe4 
,h] biograph] 0 "o ( h] mo/  intimate   
fri5ds--a memb] ( ! di/+ui%$ cot]ie (   
,fr5*  ecclesia/ics & laym5 ) ^: aims & 
aspirations %e mo/  deeply sympa?iz$--a 
witness ( h] dy+ h\rs1 & !  executor (  
h] la/ w & te/am5t4 ,he is ! ,c\nt de   
,fall\x1 & t is m ?an any eulogium we   
c\ld pron\nce on  8 qualities z a writ]4
 ,mr4 ,alg]1 "u ^: auspices ?is  life   
has be5 translat$ & publi%$1 has done a 
great s]vice1  & has add$ no little to !
 value ( ! book1 9 its ,engli%  dress1  
by ! %ort preface ) :i* he introduces x 
to !  ,am]ican public4 ,! foll[+ passage
 %[s :at has be5 !  int5tion & ! _s )   
:i* he has be5 animat$3      ,x may seem
 /range t a "w s em95tly ,ca?olic 9 its 
quality z ?is biography %\ld be         
introduc$ to a ,prote/ant    p by a     
,prote/ant translator & ,prote/ant      
publi%]s4    ,b1 on fur!r consid]ation1 
w n ?is be f\nd    especially fit &     
s]viceable8 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 a traditional

    antipa?y or bigot$ repugnance to !  
,ca?olic ,*ur* prevails    9 an         
unju/ifiable extreme4 ,:atev] is        
repulsive 9 !    ,ca?olic dogmas or rule
 is fa/5$ on ) unw>rantable    acrimony 
& exclusiv5ess4 ,! int]e/s alike (      
ju/ice &    ( good feel+ dem& t !       
att5tion ( ,prote/ants %all1    at lea/ 
occasionally1 be giv5 to ! be/ +r$i5ts &
    work+s ( ! ,ca?olic sy/em4 ,9 !     
pres5t "w1 we h    ! =5sic doctr9e &    
au?ority ( ,ca?olicity 9 !    backgr\nd1
 its pure/ inn] aims & life 9 ! =egr\nd4
    ,we "h h a beautiful specim5 ( !    
/yle ( "* &    exp]i5ce :i* ! mo/ impos+
 organic ,symbol (    ,*ri/5dom t5ds to 
produce1 & has1 9 all ! ages ( its      
mighty reign1 l>gely produc$4 ,if e     
bigot$ dislik] (    ! ,roman ,ca?olic   
,*ur* )9 ! ,engli%-speak+ race    c\ld  
read ?is book1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 h 8   
prejudices less5$1 8 sympa?ies enl>g$1 !
 result1 s    f> f be+ deprecat$1 %\ld  
be w>mly welcom$4 ,?is is    writt5 by  
"o :o1 :ile en?usia/ically admir+ !     

spiritual weal? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 !   
ineffable    t5d]ness & beauty ( its    
moral & religi\s m9i/rations1    is1 z  
to its dogmatic fabric & secul> sway1   
ev5 m ?an    a ,prote/ant ( !           
,prote/ants4 ,f9ally1 ?is book is       
especially comm5d$ to wom5 z a "w (     
ine/imable wor?4    ,! "* & life (      
,madame ,swet*9e1 h] lonely /udies    & 
aspirations1 h] sublime p]sonal         
atta9m5ts1 h]    philan?ropic labors1 h]
 lit]>y productions1 h] sweet    social 
*>m & va/ influ5ce1 h] ?rice-royal      
fri5d%ips    ) k+s & g5iuses & sa9ts1 ! 
sob] raptures ( h]    religi\s fai? &   
fruition1 =m an example ^: excit+    &  
edify+ int]e/ & value are sc>cely       
surpass$ 9 !    annals ( h] sex4    ,!  
translation has be5 well done1 & !      
typographical  execution is             
unexceptionable4 ,we desire = ! book z  
wide a  circulation z possible4         
------    #dcj      ,! ,ca?olic ,crusoe4
    ,adv5tures ( ,ow5 ,evans1 ,esq41    
,surgeon's ,mate1    set ,a%ore ) ,five 

,companions on a ,desolate    ,isl& 9 ! 
,c>ibbean ,sea1 #agci4    ,giv5 f !     
orig9al ,,ms4    ,by ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4      
,&]don1 ,m4,a4    #abmo1 pp4 #cdd4      
,london3 ,burns1 ,lamb]t  ,gates4       
,new ,york3 ,! ,ca?olic ,publication    
,society4    ,! "n ( ,dr4 ,&]don's      
int]e/+ /ory is s well indicat$  by !   
title t we h only to add t x seems      
admirably  adapt$ bo? to amuse & in/ruct
 "y p1 is full (  incid5t1 & is writt5 9
 a pleasant & simple /yle4 ,a  supplem5t
 entitl$ ,don ,manuel's ,n>rative1 a    
m>vell\s  relation purport+ to h be5    
pick$ up at sea1 is a second  /ory ( a  
nature simil> to ! fir/4 ,we comm5d !   
book to  p>5ts & tea*]s z a v acceptable
 pres5t = lads ( a  some:at advanc$ age4
    ------      ,an]'s ,return2 or1     
,! ,migrations ( a ,s\l4 ,an            
,allegorical ,tale4    ,by ,alto ,s4    
,ho]mann1 ,o4,s4,b4    ,translat$ f !   
,orig9al ,g]man by    ,innoc5t ,a4      
,b]gra?4    #abmo1 pp4 #bid4 ,new ,york3
 ,p4 ,o',%ea4    ,?is is an allegory (  

human life1 s91 rep5tance1 &  =giv5ess1 
! idea ( :i* seems to h be5 inspir$ by  
,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress4 ,!      
excell5ce ( !  au?or's int5tions & !    
s\ndness ( 8 !ology mu/ plead  9 excuse 
= a great _m %ortcom+s1 ! mo/ s]i\s (   
:i* is t ! book is n v readable4 ,!     
ambiti\s /yle1  we fe>1 w repel a great 
_m read]s f a /ory :i*  displays        
consid]able +5uity1 &1 z we are assur$  
by !  translator1 has prov$ v popul> 9  
,europe4 ,x is v neatly  pr9t$ &        
prettily b\nd1 & w s]ve well z a holiday
  pres5t or s*ool premium4    ------    
,memoirs ,& ,correspond5ce ,( ,madame   
,rcami]4    ,translat$ f ! ,fr5*1 &     
edit$ by    ,isaph5e ,m4 ,luy/]4        
#abmo1 pp4 #djh4    ,bo/on3 ,rob]ts     
,bro!rs4    ,we publi%$ 9 an e>ly numb] 
( ,! ,ca?olic ,_w a  sket* ( ! rem>kable
 & brilliant woman ^: life =ms !        
subject ( ?is attractive little volume4 
,! ,fr5* "w1 f  :i* ,miss ,luy/]'s      
translation is made1 appe>$ 9 ,p>is 9   
#ahei4 ,x 0 f ! p5 ( ,madame ,l5ormant1 

! adopt$  daught] ( ,madame ,rcami]1 &  
niece ( h] husb&4 ,! lady  seems1 f all 
acc\nts1 to h p]=m$ h] task 9 a r  loose
 & confus$ mann]1 s t ,miss ,luy/]'s "p 
has be5  n only to turn x into readable 
,engli%1 b to prune1  cond5se1 & arrange
 x 9 readable =m2 & ?is we judge %e  has
 done 9 a v satisfactory mann]4 ,!      
correspond5ce is  /rangely defici5t 9   
,madame ,rcami]'s own lett]s2 b !  lack 
( ^! is well comp5sat$ = by num]\s ones 
f  ,*ateaubri&1 ,mat?ieu de ,montmor5cy1
 & ,ballan*e1 & a few  f ,madame de     
,/al1 ,la ,h>pe ,b]nadotte1 ,l\is       
,napoleon1 ,victor  ,hugo1 & ,brang]4   
---------      ,! ,gal9 ,me?od ,(       
,musical ,in/ruction4    ,by ,c4 ,h4    
,f>nham4    ,new ,york3 ,am]ican ,news  
,company4 #ahfg4    ,mr4 ,f>nham gives u
 a v concise comp>ative view ( !  common
 sy/em ( musical notation & ! new "o    
kn[n z !  ,gal9 ,me?od1 :i* has already 
receiv$ s mu* consid]ation 9  ,europe1 &
 mu/ soon attract ! att5tion ( ! musical
 _w  9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ,france1 _m       

di/+ui%$ musicians h  advocat$ ! g5]al  
adoption ( ! ,gal9 me?od1 & x is !  only
 "o n[ us$ at ! ,polyte*nic & sup]ior   
normal s*ools  9 ,p>is & 9 ! gov]nm5t   
s*ools ( ,russia4 ,x aims at  simplify+ 
! sy/em ( musical signs1 n[ c]ta9ly     
some:at  complicat$1 by ! sub/itution ( 
a uni=m s]ies ( figures  = ! old /aff1 )
 its diff]5t clefs & _m-%ap$  notes4    
,x is claim$ t by ?is me?od n9e p]sons  
out ( t5 c be  taught ! :ole !ory (     
music 9 a few mon?s1 & le>n at  ! same  
"t to s+ at sight & to write "u         
dictation1  indep5d5tly ( an in/rum5t1  
music ( ord9>y difficulty4  #dca  ,we h 
v little d\bt t ?is sy/em possesses     
imm5se  advantages ov] ! old "o = le>n+ 
! !ory ( music &  = ! execution ( a     
vocal score4 ,b we are n q sure  t a    
page ( in/rum5tal music writt5 accord+  
to ! ,gal9  me?od w\ld be any less      
difficult to read ?an "o writt5 9  ! old
 /yle4 ,we h already simplifi$ matt]s a 
good deal by  ! ab&onm5t ( sev]al ( !   
clefs =m]ly 9 use1 & we  d n see :y a   

/ill fur!r re=mation might n be made4   
,we  _h ! pleasure ( assi/+ at "o ( ,mr4
 ,f>nham's classes1  giv5 9 ?is city1 & 
c te/ify to ! rem>kable facility (      
read+ & writ+ music accord+ to ?is      
me?od1 z exhibit$  by 8 pupils4 ,our    
musical read]s w n fail to f9d mu* to   
int]e/ !m 9 a p]usal ( ?is essay4       
---------      ,/4 ,ignatius ,& ,!      
,society ,( ,jesus3    ,_! ,influ5ce on 
,civilization & ,*ri/ianity4    ,a      
,s]mon deliv]$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( !            
,immaculate ,conception1 9 ,bo/on1 on   
,sunday1    ,augu/ #d?1 #ahfg4 ,by ,rev4
 ,g4 ,f4 ,hask9s1    ,rector ( ! ,home (
 ! ,angel ,gu>dian4    ,bo/on3 ,b]n>d   
,c>r1 ,pr9t]1 #e ,*a?am ,r[4 #ahfg4     
,fa!r ,hask9s is "o ( our mo/ eloqu5t   
prea*]s & mo/  graphic writ]s1 al?\gh he
 seldom favors u ) any publi%$          
productions4 ,8 eloqu5ce is t eloqu5ce (
 realities :i*  flies (f l a gl[+ /ream 
( sp>ks f ! en]getic  action ( a s\l on 
fire ) zeal1 incessantly occupi$ 9      
practical works ( *>ity4 ,! s]mon be=e u

 is a panegyric  pron\nc$ 9 ! *ur* ( !  
,jesuits 9 ,bo/on1 on !  occasion ( !   
celebration ( ! fea/ ( ,/4 ,ignatius4 ,x
  rec\nts 9 a succ9ct b =cible & ?or\gh 
mann] !  s]vices r5d]$ to religion &    
humanity by ! ,society (  ,jesus4       
,al?\gh ! language is gl[+ & ! eulogium 
( !  highe/ k9d1 yet1 9 po9t ( fact1    
,fa!r ,hask9s has n  exagg]at$ !        
reality4 ,hi/ory be>s out all t he s    
w>mly  claims = ?is great religi\s ord]1
 :i* has equall$ 9 its  hi/ory ! greate/
 ord]s ( pa/ ages1 :ile f> surpass+  all
 o!rs 9 mod]n times4 ,! hatr$ & calumny 
:i* !  ,jesuits h enc\nt]$ on ! "p (    
anti-,ca?olics 7 nev]  m gratuit\s &    
undes]v$4 ,! :ole sum ( ! accusations   
:i* ,ca?olic writ]s h be5 able to br+   
aga9/ !m  m]ely %[ t "s portions ( !    
society h at times  deg5]at$ f its true 
_s2 t individuals h err$ 9  doctr9e1 or 
committ$ faults 9 adm9i/ration2 t a     
mi/ak5  policy has sometimes be5 adopt$2
 & t ! ord] has n1  any m ?an ! o!r     
great ord]s1 transc5d$ t limit$  ?\gh   

elevat$ sph]e to :i* e ord] is conf9$ by
 !  law ( its be+4 ,! ,jesuits 7        
con/itut$ z "o ( !  corps d'lite ( !    
*ur* militant4 ,z su* !y h  r5d]$ ! mo/ 
signal s]vices1 :i* w ev] cov] _!  names
 ) imp]i%able glory2 & we ascribe _!    
success1 9  subord9ation to ! grace (   
,god & ! unfail+ vigor ( !  ,ca?olic    
,*ur* ^: (fspr+ !y are1 to ! g5ius      
elevat$  by sanctity ( _! f\nd]1 & !    
admirable con/itutions  :i* he bequea!d 
to ! in/itute4    ------                
,m$itations ,( ,/4 ,?omas1 etc4    ,= a 
,retreat ( ,t5 ,days4    ,foll[$ by a   
,treatise on ! ,virtues1 etc4    ,by    
,fa!r ,mass\lie1 ,o4,p4    ,translat$ f 
! ,fr5*4    ,london3 ,ri*>dson4    ,new 
,york3 ,! ,ca?olic ,publication         
,society4    ,^! ,m$itations h be5 tak51
 z to _! sub/ance1 f  ! writ+s ( ,/4    
,?omas1 b arrang$ & supplem5t$ by !     
le>n$ ,dom9ican ^: "n is giv5 9 ! title4
 ,_! great  advantage lies 9 ! fact t !y
 embody ! doctr9e ( "o  :o 0 n only !   
mo/ consummate !ologian ! _w has  ev]   

se51 b also a contemplative sa9t ( !    
highe/ ord]4  ,?is gives "o :o wi%es to 
use !m = 8 own pr(it a secure  w>rant t 
!y w furni% 8 m9d & he>t ) ! mo/  *oice 
z well z :olesome nutrim5t !y c possibly
 fe$  ^u4 ,! works ( sa9ts are always to
 be pref]r$ to all  o!rs4  #dcb  ,we    
recomm5d1 !re=e1 ?is "w1 d]iv$ f !      
writ+s (  a mo/ illu/ri\s sa9t1 to all2 
especially to ?\ghtful &  educat$ m5 :o 
c reli%1 & :o1 !re=e1 desire & ne$1  !  
mo/ solid spiritual food to promote !   
gr[? (  intellig5t1 solid piety & virtue
 9 _! s\ls4    -------      ,! ,heiress 
,( ,killorgan2    or1 ,ev5+s ,) ,! ,old 
,g]ald9es4    ,by ,mrs4 ,j4 ,sadli]4    
,new ,york2 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli]  ,co4    ,!
 au?or ( ?is v int]e/+ novel has giv5 to
 our  lit]ature a great numb] ( works ( 
v>i\s k9ds1 int5d$ n  only = our        
amusem5t b = our in/ruction2 & ! pres5t 
volume is p]haps ! v be/ specim5 ( h]   
productions1  comb9+1 z x does1 ! int]e/
 ( a romance ) _m  g5u9e hi/orical &    
p]sonal rem9isc5ces ( ! celebrat$       

,anglo-,norman family ( ,fitzg]ald1 )   
:i* is associat$ s  mu* ( ! hi/ory (    
,irel& f ! ,engli% invasion until  !    
pres5t "t4 ,x _c be said t !re is any   
plot 9 !  tale1 be+ a simple n>ration ( 
! incid5ts occurr+ 9 !  h\sehold ( a    
ref9$ family r$uc$ 9 =tune1 b /ill      
reta9+ its native dignity & pride (     
ance/ry2 b !  *>act]s1 ?\gh few1 are    
cle>ly1 gracefully1 & vividly  drawn4 ,!
 heiress ( ! decay$ h\se ( ,killorgan is
 admirably  sket*$ ) a p5cil :i* aims   
less at p]sonal description  ?an at ^?  
delicate l9es ( ?\ght & feel+ :i*1 aft] 
all1 give u ! true/ idea ( ! excell5ce (
 ! female  "*4 ,! greate/ m]it1 h[ev]1 (
 ! "w re/s 9 its  hi/orical             
descriptions1 :i*1 be+ tak5 f ! be/     
au?orities1 are ?or\ghly reliable &     
pres5t$ 9 a v  attractive & concise =m4 
--------      ,affixes ,9 ,_! ,orig9 ,& 
,application4    ,exhibit+ !            
,etymological ,/ructure ( ,engli%       
,words4    ,by ,s4 ,s4 ,haldeman1 ,a4,m4
    ,philadelphia3 ,butl]  ,co4 #ahfe4  

#abmo1 pp4 #bga4    ,pr(essor ,haldeman 
has few if any sup]iors 9 ! sci5ce (    
language1 & he has also ! mode/y t      
always accompanies  real m]it4 ,he      
pret5ds to no m k ?an he really has1  & 
he nev] und]takes to expla9 :at 9 !     
pres5t /ate (  l+ui/ic sci5ce is n      
explicable4 ,8 *ief fault is 8 fe>  (   
say+ on any po9t m ?an is necess>y1 :i* 
leaves him  9 8 brevity sometimes       
obscure4 ,we %\ld f9d 8 "w m  easily    
und]/ood if he all[$ himself to enl>ge a
 little m  on ! indep5d5t mean+ ( !     
prefixes & suffixes to  ,engli% words4  
,b p]haps he is full en\gh = o!rs4    ,!
 importance ( affixes 9 ! con/ruction ( 
,engli% words  may be ga!r$ f ! fact t  
!re are 9 ,engli% only  ab\t ?ree ?\s&  
two hundr$ monosyllables1 & t _m (  ^!  
ev5 are n primitives1 b h a prefix1 a   
suffix1 or  bo?4 ,x is evid5t t affixes 
mu/ be conc]n$ 9 !  =mation ( by f> !   
greate/ "p ( ! ,engli% vocabul>y1  & t  
an accurate k ( ,engli% words is to be  
obta9$  only ?r\gh a di/9ct appreciation

 ( ! modes us$ to v>y  !m accord+ to !  
exig5cies ( ?\ght & spee*4 ,?is         
appreciation 9 ! case ( our "m tongue   
becomes ! m  difficult because x is a   
composite tongue1 &1 unlike ! ,greek  & 
,wel%1 = in/ance1 has n its *ief        
etymological mat]ials  9 itself1 & its  
words _c 9 g5]al be analyz$  indep5d5tly
 ( o!r languages4 ,to h a sci5tific k  (
 our language we mu/ "k ! languages f   
:i* its words  are d]iv$1 & ! d]ivation1
 mean+1 & use ( _!  affixes 9 ^?        
languages z well z 9 our own4 ,pr(essor 
,haldeman has 9 ?is small b compact     
volume attempt$ to give  u ! d]ivation1 
mean+1 & use ( all ! affixes1 divid$    
into prefixes & suffixes1 9 ! ,engli%   
language1 f  :atev] language tak51 & he 
has done x 9 z satisfactory a  mann] z  
possible 9 ! pres5t /ate ( comp>ative   
philology4  ,no ,engli% s*ol> %\ld fail 
to obta9 & ma/] x1 if he  wi%es really  
to und]/& 8 own language4    --------   
#dcc                ,! ,ca?olic ,_w4    
,vol4 ,vi41 ,no4 #cd4 ,janu>y1 #ahfh4   

,! ,ca?olic ,doctr9e ,( ,ju/ification4  
,! rem>ks we are ab\t to make 9 ?is     
article gr[ out ( !  discussion ( !     
philosophy ( conv]sion betwe5 ?is       
magaz9e  & ! ,new-,engl&]4 ,nev]!less1  
^? :o expect a  cont9uation ( p]sonal   
controv]sy on ! topics sugge/$ 9  our   
la/ article1 & a =mal rejo9d] to !      
respect$ writ]  9 ! ,new-,engl&] :o     
repli$ to x1 w be  disappo9t$4 ,our     
views on ! subject matt] ( discussion 7 
express$1 z we ?9k1 cle>ly en\gh to be  
und]/ood1 & z  fully z our purpose      
requir$4 ,we leave !m1 !re=e1 to !      
judgm5t ( ^? ( our read]s :o are really 
9 e>ne/1 t  !y may give !m :atev] weight
 _! intr9sic value may  dem& 9 ! c\rt ( 
consci5ce2 & z = ! op9ion (  o!rs1 we   
c>e no?+4 ,controv]sy ^u m9or topics &  
side  issues is ( its v nature          
int]m9able1 z well z ( little           
comp>ative utility4 ,! controv]sy betwe5
 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*  & ,prote/ants on !   
great1 fundam5tal pr9ciples &  doctr9es 
at issue1 has be5 s ably & ?or\ghly     

argu$ out  t !re is little left to be   
done 9 t dep>tm5t (  !ology4 ,= ^? :o   
desire in=mation1 !re are pl5ty (  books
 to be _h treat+ ( e topic 9 a mu* m    
satisfactory mann] ?an x is possible to 
treat !m 9 !  %ort compass ( magaz9e    
articles4 ,! great controv]sy ( !  day1 
9 our op9ion1 & ! "o :i* int]e/s u mo/  
deeply1  is ! "o :i* is wag+ betwe5     
,*ri/ianity & infidelity1  9 its v>i\s  
phases ( rationalism1 scepticism1 &     
a!ism4 ,s  f> z ,prote/ants ( ! m       
or?odox s*ools are conc]n$1  ! aspect ( 
! "q we feel mo/ dispos$ to pres5t to   
!m is t :i* ,guizot & o!rs ( _! own     
numb] h  se5 ) m or less                
di/9ctness--namely1 t 9 ! great         
conflict ( ! age _! real int]e/ is at   
/ake 9 !  success ( ! ,ca?olic side2 t1 
z ,*ri/ians1 !y belong to  u1 & ought to
 make ) u common cause aga9/ ! enemy4   
,t me?od ( remov+ ! difficulty 9 ! way (
 _! do+  s :i* recomm5ds itself to our  
judgm5t & feel+s is "o  :i* br+s into   
/rong relief ! gr&1 fundam5tal pr9ciples

  ( ,*ri/ianity 9 :i* we agree2 & ) ^!  
pr9ciples z a  po9t ( dep>ture1         
endeavors to expla9 & develop ! complete
  ,ca?olic sy/em 9 su* a way z to remove
 misund]/&+s &  to %[ h[ ! sev]al1      
p>ticul> portions ( reveal$ tru?1  held 
by our v>i\s bodies ( sep>at$ bre?r5 9 a
 fragm5t>y  /ate1 are integrat$ 9 a gr&1
 univ]sal :ole 9 ?is  ,ca?olic sy/em4   
#dcd  ,9 ?is l9e1 z we conceive x1 lie !
 ri*e/ & lea/  work$-out fields1 :]e new
 writ]s may ent] 9 & foll[ up  ! labors 
( _! pr$ecessors4 ,"o special ne$1      
moreov]1 is  to clo! ?\ght 9 a language 
:i* is famili> to ! p]sons  we are      
address+1 & to translate or expla9 9 _! 
own idiom  :at may be /range or         
un9telligible 9 ! =ms ( o!r ages1       
c\ntries1 & s*ools ( philosophy &       
!ology4 ,:at little  ! writ] ( ?is      
article is able to d he pref]s to d 9   
?is  l9e1 & ?9ks x be/ to re/rict       
himself to s+le &  specific topics 9 !  
%ort essays :i* are ! only suitable     
ones = a magaz9e4 ,we h no wi% to abjure

 g5]al  controv]sy 9 ! ab/ract1 or to   
lay d[n a rule ( conduct 9  ?is matt] = 
o!rs4 ,nor w\ld we seem to slight or    
treat )  indiff]5ce :at may be writt5 on
 ! o!r side4 ,we desire to  give due    
att5tion to all t c&id & c\rte\s        
oppon5ts may  h to say1 & to keep x 9   
view :5 we are argu+ our own  cause4 ,x 
suits bett]1 h[ev]1 ) ! "t & /r5g? we  h
 at our comm&1 & our o!r avocations1 to 
keep ourselves  free f ! obligations (  
=mal controv]sy1 & to be at  lib]ty to  
take up su* s+le topics z may be        
opportune  accord+ to circum/ances4 ,at 
pres5t1 we propose to t\* a  little m at
 l5g? ^u ! topic ( ju/ification1 "o (   
^? we h be=e n[ briefly rem>k$ ^u1      
dropp+  altoge!r ! attitude & /yle (    
p]sonal controv]sy4    ,! real objection
 aga9/ ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ju/ification
  by fides =mata1 or fai? in=m$ by      
*>ity1 z well z  ! reason = insi/+ t    
fai? alone ju/ifies1 exclusively  ( !   
*>ity :i* accompanies x1 is gr\nd$ 9 a  
notion t  ! =m] doctr9e subv]ts !       

gratuit\s "* (  salvation by ! grace (  
,god ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,we 
propose1 !re=e1 to make a brief         
exposition ( ! ,ca?olic  doctr9e1 ) a   
view ( %[+ :at x really tea*es  respect+
 ! gratuit\sness ( grace1 & ! "w ( ,*ri/
 z  ! m]itori\s cause ( its be+ conf]r$4
    ,ca?olic !ology tea*es1 :at ev5 s\nd
 philosophy  demon/rates1 t all creat$  
exi/5ce proce$s f a  gratuit\s act ( !  
,creator4 ,b x tea*es1 moreov]1 aga9/  !
 ,pelagians1 t ! orig9al /ate (         
sup]natural ju/ice  & sanctity 9 :i* !  
angels & ,adam 7 con/itut$ 0 an         
additional gratuit\s boon1 or grace     
conf]r$ by ,god4 ,x is  evid5t1 !n1 t ! 
,ca?olic doctr9e excludes !  possibility
 ( hold+ t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( !          
beatification & glorification ( a       
creature is 9 ! nature (  ! creature    
itself4 ,?is pr9ciple1 z sup]natural1 is
 n due  to nature1 _c be m]it$ by any   
acts proce$+ f !  pr9ciples ( nature1 & 
mu/ !re=e be a pure1 gratuit\s  grace4  
,t is1 ! creature is ju/ifi$ by grace1 &

 owes !  capacity ( atta9+ beatitude1   
consequ5tly beatitude itself  :5 atta9$1
 radically to a pure act ( ! div9e      
goodness4 ,x  is pla91 !re=e1 t ! angels
 & ,adam c\ld n h  m]it$ _! own         
ju/ification4 ,!y 7 oblig$ ei!r to      
receive x passively1 or to accept x1 z  
,billu>t holds1 by an  active concurr5ce
 ) grace4  #dce  ,! grace be+ giv51     
con/itut+ its subjects 9 ! /ate (       
ju/ice & sanctity1 :at 0 x8 ,x 0 n a m]e
 =5sic &  ext]ior modification ( _!     
relation to ,god1 b an int]ior1         
sanctify+ grace1 mak+ !m subjectively1  
holy1 l to ,god1  affiliat$ to him1     
unit$ to him 9 an in*oate union ^: f9al 
t]m is beatitude4 ,x is evid5t t ?is    
sanctify+ grace1  :i* 9 act 0 ! love (  
,god1 made !m fit & wor?y to be  !      
fri5ds ( ,god1 & to be admitt$ to !     
fell[%ip ( 8  glory4 ,x is also c]ta9 t 
!y 7 plac$ 9 probation4  ,:at 0 t       
probation8 ,0 x n a trial ( ob$i5ce1 9  
:i* c]ta9 def9ite acts ( free-w 7       
prescrib$ z !  conditions ( be+ confirm$

 9 grace & consummat$ 9 glory8  ,et]nal 
life 0 !re=e propos$ to !m z ! rew>d (  
good  works1 z a premium ( volunt>y     
ob$i5ce1 & z su* is  actually possess$  
by ! holy angels 9 heav54 ,x is1  !re=e1
 true t ! angels 7 ju/ifi$ by grace1    
ju/ifi$ by *>ity1 ju/ifi$ by good works2
 t _!  salvation proce$s f ! pure       
goodness ( ,god1 & has be5  obta9$ by _!
 own good acts3 nor is !re ! lea/       
contradiction 9 any ( ^! /atem5ts4      
,!re be+ no intr9sic1 necess>y          
contradiction betwe5 ! two              
propositions1 ! creature is ju/ifi$ &   
beatifi$ by !  gratuit\s grace ( ,god2  
&1 ! creature is ju/ifi$ &  beatifi$ by 
8 p]sonal sanctity--!re is no necess>y  
logical d$uction d]ivable f ! premise t 
man 9 8  pres5t /ate is ju/ifi$ by      
gratuit\s grace to ! conclusion  t he is
 n ju/ifi$ by 8 intr9sic sanctity4 ,!   
r$emption has repair$ ! fall1 has re/or$
 ! human race to  ! condition f :i* x   
fell by ! s9 ( ,adam4 ,!re is no        
reason1 !re=e1 :y man %\ld n be ju/ifi$ 

n[1 9  ess5tially ! same mann] z be=e2  
no reason :y ! ord] (  grace1 repair$ by
 r$emption1 %\ld n foll[ ! same         
ess5tial laws z be=e ! fall4 ,if a *ange
 has tak5 place1  x mu/ be prov$ t x is 
s4 ,if ?is *ange 0 requir$ by  ! fact t 
! re/oration ( man is due to ! m]its (  
,*ri/1 ! reason ( x mu/ be %[n4 ,x mu/  
be %[n t !  recov]y ( ju/ification ?r\gh
 ! m]its ( ,*ri/ is  incompatible )     
ju/ification by intr9sic sanctity &     
glorification z ! rew>d ( good works    
done f ! pr9ciple  ( *>ity4 ,if ?is _c  
be %[n1 no argum5t c be d]iv$  f !      
doctr9e t ! "w ( ,*ri/ is ! m]itori\s   
cause ( ! ju/ification ( fall5 man to   
prove t ! =mal  cause ( 8 ju/ification  
is any o!r ?an ! =mal cause (  !        
ju/ification ( ! angels & ( man 9 8     
orig9al /ate4    ,! ,ca?olic doctr9e    
tea*es t ! sacrifice ( himself :i*      
,jesus ,*ri/ (f]$ up on ! cross is !    
m]itori\s cause (  ju/ification ?r\gh ! 
expiation :i* x made ( orig9al &  actual
 s91 & ! new title :i* x obta9$ to ! lo/

  inh]itance ( ev]la/+ life4 ,?is       
includes 9 itself !  grant ( all ^?     
graces :i* are necess>y 9 ord] to !     
remission ( s9s1 ! sanctification ( !   
s\l1 & its  complete prep>ation = ! /ate
 ( beatitude & glory4  ,consequ5tly1 all
 ,ca?olic !ologians tea* t ! initial    
movem5t ( ! s9n] to return to ,god1 !   
fai? :i* disposes  him = ju/ification1 !
 sanctify+ grace :i* makes him  really j
 & ! fri5d ( ,god1 ! actual graces :i*  
enable  him to p]=m salut>y acts1 !     
special aid :i* enables him  to p]sev]e1
 all proce$ f ! grace ( ,god1 :i* is    
gratuit\s 9 ref]5ce to ! orig9al        
provision ( a plan (  r$emption1        
gratuit\s t[>d ea* individual :o        
receives x s  f> z he is p]sonally      
conc]n$1 & due z a rew>d1 "u !  title ( 
ju/ice1 solely to ,jesus ,*ri/ himself  
on acc\nt (  8 own p]sonal m]its4  #dcf 
,x is1 !re=e1 ?r\gh ! m]its ( ,*ri/ t a 
s9n]  receives ! grace :i* ju/ifies &   
sanctifies him 9 !  fir/ in/ance4 ,?r\gh
 ! same m]its he receives ! remission  (

 8 s9s1 if he falls into any aft]w>d4   
,?r\gh ! same  m]its he receives all !  
actual graces :i* he obta9s by  pray]4  
,&1 f9ally1 x is ?r\gh ! same m]its t ! 
k+dom ( heav5 has be5 prep>$ = him1 z ! 
ultimate t]m  to :i* he is p]mitt$ to   
aspire4 ,! effect ( ! m]its (  ! dea? ( 
,*ri/ ^u ! cross is !re=e to put fall5  
man  back aga91 ess5tially1 :]e he 0    
be=e ! trial 9  ,p>adise1 & :]e ! angels
 7 :5 !y 7 creat$4 ,x  does n affect !  
case at all :e!r ! angels & ,adam 7     
plac$ 9 t /ate 9 view ( ! ,inc>nation1  
or by ! m]e  goodness ( ,god1 )\t any   
ref]5ce to ! ,inc>nation4 ,if  !y 7     
creat$ & elevat$ to ! div9e filiation1  
intuitu ,*ri/i1 !y receiv$ a boon motiv$
 ^u !  extr9sic glory :i* ,god w\ld     
receive f 8 deific humanity4  ,if n1 !y 
receiv$ ! same boon motiv$ ^u ! glory   
:i*  ,god w\ld receive f _! elevation to
 beatitude4 ,! boon 0  equally gratuit\s
 9 ei!r case1 = ! decree ( !            
,inc>nation1 :e!r includ$ 9 ! decree (  
creation or 9  t ( r$emption--:e!r      

antec$5t or subsequ5t to !  =esight (   
r$emption--0 p]fectly gratuit\s4 ,nay1  
m3  because x 0 gratuit\s x 0 fitt+ & j 
t ,god %\ld  condition x ) any t]ms t 7 
possible & reasonable4 ,he  did actually
 condition x ^u ob$i5ce to c]ta9        
precepts1  unkn[n to u z reg>ds !       
angels1 b kn[n z reg>ds ,adam4  ,!      
orig9al grace conc$$ to !m1 !re=e1 m]ely
 plac$  !m 9 a condition to obta9       
ev]la/+ beatitude by  correspond+ to ?is
 grace ) _! free1 volunt>y acts1 or  by 
fidelity to ! obligations ( _!          
probation4 ,!y 7  ju/ifi$1 t is1 plac$ 9
 ! /ate ( ju/ification1 by !  act ( ,god
 :i* gave !m sanctify+ grace4 ,!y 7     
con/itut$ j 9 act by ?is p]sonal quality
 ( sanctify+  grace1 :i* made !m fit &  
wor?y to be ! sons ( ,god2 &  !y 7      
comm&$ to reta9 ! /ate ( ju/ice1 to     
augm5t  x1 & to obta9 confirmation 9 x1 
) ! consummation ( x  9 glory1 z a      
premium ( ob$i5ce to ! div9e precepts4  
,!  holy angels are n[ 9 heav5 actually 
! object ( ! div9e  love ( complac5cy on

 acc\nt ( _! inh]5t sanctity & 9        
proportion to ! degree ( x :i* ea* "o   
possesses4 ,!y  enjoy heav5 z a rew>d   
ga9$ by ! "r ex]cise ( _!  free-w2 &    
yet1 x is no less true t _! /ate ( glory
  is due to ! gratuit\s grace ( ,god1   
nor is !re any  contradiction 9 suppos+ 
t ! grace 0 giv5 to !m  intuitu ,*ri/i4 
,! fact t man is n[ plac$ "u an ord] (  
grace1 bas$ on  ! m]its ( ,*ri/1 _c     
!re=e be %[n to be  incompatible ) !    
position t he is also plac$ 9 a /ate  ( 
probation ess5tially simil> to t (      
angels & ( ,adam4  ,he may be con/itut$ 
j by sanctify+ grace1 z well z !y2      
oblig$1 z well z !y1 to rema9 j1 & to   
atta9 p]petual  ju/ice & its complem5t (
 glory by ! "r ex]cise ( 8  free-w 9    
produc+ acts :i* proce$ f ! pr9ciple (  
sanctity )9 him4    #dcg    ,! ,ca?olic 
doctr9e tea*es t man is actually plac$ 9
 ?is  /ate ( probation "u ! law ( grace 
e/abli%$ 9 ,*ri/4  ,?is probation       
implies t ! initial1 in*oate pr9ciple ( 
! div9e ev]la/+ life to :i* he is de/9$ 

%\ld be  implant$ )9 him1 z ! c5tre ( ! 
sup]natural =ce  giv+ him a movem5t t[>d
 8 prefix$ end4 ,x implies1 also1  t a  
s]ies ( acts impell+ him =w>d %\ld      
proce$ f  ?is pr9ciple by ! ef=t ( 8    
free-w4 ,?is pr9ciple c  be no?+ else   
?an sanctify+ grace1 & sanctify+ grace1 
9  its ess5ce1 c be no?+ else ?an ! love
 ( ,god4 ,love is  ! only pr9ciple      
capable ( unit+ ! s\l ) ,god4 ,fai?     
alone _c d x4 ,x is fur!r evid5t t fai? 
_c be  ! ess5tial pr9ciple :i* makes !  
s\l j1 = two  reasons3 ,fir/4 ,t infants
 are capable ( ju/ification1 :i*1  we   
suppose1 no "o w d5y1 b are n capable ( 
an act (  fai?4 ,second4 ,t fai? is a   
tempor>y virtue1 ceas+ 9 !  beatifi$    
/ate1 :]eas ! pr9ciple ( ju/ification is
  p]man5t & et]nal4    ,moreov]1 ! sph]e
 ( probation is necess>ily id5tical )  !
 sph]e ( free-w1 & ! sph]e ( free-w is  
coext5sive ) all ! precepts :i* ,god has
 giv5 z !  matt] = free-w to ex]cise its
 *oice ^u1 by select+  ! good & reject+ 
! evil4 ,! acts :i* mu/ proce$ f  !     

pr9ciple ( love1 9 ord] to br+ ! s\l to 
,god z its  ultimate t]m1 mu/1 !re=e1   
cov] ! :ole gr\nd ( !  div9e law1 &     
include ! fulfilm5t ( all its comm&m5ts4
  ,x is impossible1 !re=e1 t fai? alone 
%\ld ju/ify1  unless probation1 free-w1 
& ! law ( ,god are /rictly  conf9$ to ! 
sph]e ( fai?4 ,no "o w pret5d t !y  are4
 ,if !y are n1 x is impossible t a m]e  
habit (  fai?1 or ! m]e ex]cise ( fai? 9
 act1 %\ld alone  con/itute a man j be=e
 ,god4 ,god is n b\nd to place a        
creature on probation4 ,he c ju/ify1    
sanctify1 & glorify him  imm$iately1 )\t
 leav+ him any lib]ty ( *oice betwe5    
good & evil4 ,b he _c elevate him to !  
high /ate (  p]sonal union & fri5d%ip ) 
himself )\t giv+ him  t love :i* fixes !
 w immovably 9 ,god z ! supreme  good1 &
 includes 9 itself all virtue &         
sanctity4 ,union  betwe5 ! s\l & ,god   
requires lik5ess4 ,! s\l mu/ be made  l 
to ,god 9 ord] t x may love ,god1 & t   
,god may love  ! s\l4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1   
,god is n b\nd to place a  creature on  

probation--t is1 to require ( him !     
p>ticul>  ex]cise ( love :i* consi/s 9 a
 volunt>y ob$i5ce to  c]ta9             
precepts--yet he _c disp5se ) love      
itself1 :i*  is ! sole & indisp5sable   
requisite to a /ate ( p]fect            
ju/ification2 & al?\gh he is n b\nd to  
place a creature  9 a /ate ( probation1 
yet if he does s1 he _c disp5se  ) ^?   
acts ( love :i* are suitable to su* a   
/ate4 ,!  v notion ( a /ate ( probation 
requires t c]ta9  precepts %\ld be giv5 
to a rational creature1 :o is free to   
keep !m or violate !m z he may *oose1 & 
:o is to receive  ! favor ( ,god dur+ 8 
probation & an et]nal rew>d at  ! end ( 
x if he keeps !m1 =feit+ bo? if he fails
 to d  s4 ,on any o!r supposition1 !    
/ate ( probation is entirely  illusory &
 unreal4 ,! attributes ( ,god require   
him to c>ry  out ! t]ms ( ! probation to
 :i* he has subject$ man4  #dch  ,:5 he 
imposes precepts1 he mu/ f 8 v nature   
)draw  8 fri5d%ip f ! transgressor4 ,he 
may /ill reg>d him  ) ! love (          

b5evol5ce1 & (f] him =giv5ess2 b he  _c 
actually =give him & look ^u him aga9 ) 
! love  ( complac5cy until he has rega9$
 8 lo/ sanctity &  return$ to ! love (  
,god4 ,s9 ( its own nature turns ! s\l  
away f ,god z its supreme good to "s    
creat$ object4 ,x is1  !re=e1 a         
contradiction 9 t]ms to say t a man c be
 9  ! /ate ( s9 & ! /ate ( ju/ification 
at ! same "t2  = x is equival5t to say+ 
t he c at ! same in/ant be  turn$ t[>d  
,god z 8 supreme good1 & away f him4    
,love is  !re=e ! conditio s9e qu non1  
at lea/1 (  ju/ification4 ,fai? alone   
_c1 !re=e1 =mally ju/ify4  ,if x did1   
!re w\ld be no ne$ ( love 9 ord] to     
con/itute  a man j be=e ,god4 ,a man    
might be completely ju/ifi$ :ile  9 ! v 
act ( ! mo/ griev\s s91 z1 = in/ance1   
blasphemy1 murd]1 or suicide1 & might   
die )\t hav+  *ang$ 8 w to commit ^?    
s9s1 yet pass imm$iately to  heav54 ,^! 
s9s are n incompatible ) fai?1 ?\gh !y  
are ) *>ity4 ,if !y are incompatible )  
fai?1 all mortal  s9s--t is1 all ^? :i*1

 9 ! /rict & prop] s5se1  ali5ate ! s\l 
f ,god1 & de/roy *>ity--mu/ be          
incompatible ) fai?4 ,:y is ?is8 ,does  
fai?1 ( its own  nature1 produce *>ity8 
,if x does1 x mu/ conta9 )9  itself !   
radical pr9ciple ( *>ity1 & :ile x exi/s
 9  ! s\l x mu/ exclude all s9s :i* are 
directly contr>y to  *>ity &            
incompatible ) x4 ,!n1 "o :o has fai? _c
  commit a mortal s94 ,if fai? is       
inamissible1 & a man once  ju/ifi$ c no 
m lose 8 ju/ification1 !n1 z soon z  "o 
has obta9$ fai?1 he has obta9$ also     
exemption f all  mortal s9s = ! future4 
,if fai? is n inamissible1 !n  e s9     
aga9/ *>ity1 or e mortal s91 de/roys    
fai?  & ju/ification4 ,su* a def9ition (
 fai?1 h[ev]1 includ+  love & sanctify+ 
grace1 makes fai? to be ! fides  =mata (
 ,ca?olic !ology4    ,if x is said t    
fai? does n1 ( itself1 produce *>ity1   
yet is always accompani$ by *>ity1 x mu/
 be1 !n1 t  fai? gives "o a title to    
sanctify+ grace & *>ity1 s  t1 :oev]    
makes an act ( fai?1 receives an        

additional gift  :i* makes him holy4 ,9 
t case1 e "o :o 0 once  ju/ifi$ w\ld be 
exempt f mortal s9 :ile 8 fai? la/s4    
,if ! fir/ act ( fai? ju/ifies once =   
all1 !n !  believ] c nev] aga9 commit a 
mortal s94 ,if x ju/ifies  only = ! "t  
be+1 !n :ile x la/s x pres]ves !  s\l f 
s91 & :oev] s9s proves t he has already 
lo/  fai?4 ,?is is contr>y to reason &  
exp]i5ce4 ,x is c]ta9  t m5 :o h _h fai?
 & grace h aft]w>ds s9n$  mortally4     
,!re=e1 fai? does n1 by its fir/ act1   
br+ )  x an inamissible gift ( *>ity4 ,x
 is also c]ta9 t m5 d  n always lose    
fai? :5 !y s91 or s9 aga9/ fai? fir/    
be=e !y s9 aga9/ *>ity4 ,_m a man :o    
believes firmly  9 ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! ,son
 ( ,god & ! ,savi\r ( m51 & :o  hopes = 
salvation ?r\gh 8 m]its1 commits mortal 
s91 &  ev5 lives = ye>s 9 ! habitual    
/ate ( s94 ,x may be said  t su* p]sons 
h no sav+ fai?1 nev] did h x1  or h lo/ 
x4 ,b :at is sav+ fai?8 ,:at is !       
diff]5tia ( t fai? :i* really ju/ifies8 
#dci  ,x is evid5t en\gh t a c]ta9 k9d (

 habitual belief 9  ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8    
doctr9es1 accompani$ by a desire & hope 
( be+ sav$ ?r\gh 8 m]its & m]cy1 does   
frequ5tly  exi/ 9 p]sons :o are liv+ 9  
habitual s94 ,if ?is is n  g5u9e fai?1  
or sav+ fai?1 !re mu/ be 9 sav+ fai?  "s
 additional quality :i* di/+ui%es x f t 
fai?  :i* produces no fruits ( sanctity4
 ,is x made sav+ by its  quality (      
sup]naturalness1 or z proce$+ f ! grace 
(  ! ,holy ,_s8 ,?is is ! same z say+ t 
sup]natural  fai?1 z su*1 or because x  
is a grace ( ! ,holy ,_s1  necess>ily   
br+s ) x sanctification4 ,?is is n s4 ,!
  ,holy ,_s may & does give m5 a firm   
belief 9 reveal$  tru?s1 & a hope (     
obta9+ m]cy f ,god ?r\gh ,*ri/  be=e !y 
are actually =giv5 & ju/ifi$4 ,?is      
rema9s 9  !m1 (t51 aft] !y h lo/        
sanctify+ grace by s91 z a  disposition 
:i* facilitates _! return to ,god4 ,x   
does n1  h[ev]1 p] se1 produce ! fruits 
( sanctity1 or  implant ! pr9ciple (    
love1 f :i* ^! fruits proce$1  :i* is ! 
v pr9ciple ( union ) ,god1 &1 !re=e1  ! 

=mal cause ( ju/ification4 ,t quality   
:i* fai? mu/  h1 9 ord] to r5d] x       
ju/ify+ fai?1 _c be1  !re=e1 any?+ else 
b *>ity1 or ! love ( ,god1 :i*  makes x 
fides =mata4    ,we are conv9c$ t a     
great numb] ( ,prote/ants sub/antially  
hold ! doctr9es we h laid d[n4 ,!y      
believe t man has  free-w2 is b\nd to   
believe & obey ! doctr9e & precepts  (  
,jesus ,*ri/2 is made ! fri5d ( ,god by 
sanctify+ grace  br\ght into ! active   
ex]cise ( ,*ri/ian virtue by 8 own      
volunt>y coop]ation2 is plac$ "h to "w  
out 8 own  salvation2 w receive heav5 z 
a rew>d if he s]ves ,god  fai?fully1 & w
 be damn$ if he lives 9 s94 ,ev5 ^? :o  
hold ! ,calv9i/ic tradition ei!r modify 
its t5ets or hold  m s\nd & rational    
op9ions 9 juxtaposition ) !m1  :i*      
really control _! s5tim5ts & conduct4 ,x
 w\ld be  easy to %[ ?is by a multitude 
( citations4 ,s f> z  metaphysical      
op9ions & te*nical /atem5ts are conc]n$1
 we  judge e "w & e =mula ( doctr9e by  
its obvi\s1  objective s5se1 & accept e 

individual writ]'s /atem5ts  respect+ 8 
own op9ions4 ,b 9 reg>d to ! real1 g5u9e
  ideas :i* =m ! true intellectual &    
spiritual life ( m51  we take ! lib]ty (
 judg+ !m m by ! language !y use  9     
common life1 by _! indirect /atem5ts1 & 
by ! g5]al  _s & scope ( :at !y say &   
write1 :5 n imm$iately  int5t ^u /at+ _!
 te*nical =mulas1 ?an f _!  te*nical    
=mulas !mselves4 ,we h he>d x said ( !  
illu/ri\s ,presid5t ,dwight t 8 real    
s5tim5ts & conduct  t[>d 8 fell[-m5     
indicat$ a belief 9 ! goodness ( all    
m51 :]eas he held !oretically t all m5 7
 totally  deprav$4 ,we h no d\bt t      
,presid5t ,edw>ds always act$ on  !     
belief t 8 *ildr5 possess$ !            
self-det]m9+ p[]  ( ! w1 aga9/ :i* he   
wrote s acutely1 or t ,bi%op  ,b]keley 0
 p]suad$ ( ! reality ( ! ext]nal _w4    
,!re=e1 we /ill ?9k t a l>ge numb] (    
non-,ca?olics  are m ,ca?olic 9 _!      
belief ?an !y are aw>e1 & t  _!         
rejection ( :at !y suppose to be        
,ca?olic doctr9e is  frequ5tly only a   

rejection ( op9ions attribut$ by mi/ake 
to  ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  #ddj  ,9 reg>d to
 ?is special "q ( ju/ification1 x is our
  op9ion t ! objection preval5t among ! 
m or?odox  ,prote/ants is bas$ on !     
supposition t ! ,ca?olic  doctr9e       
ascribes a ju/ify+ & sav+ efficacy to a 
m]e  intellectual submission to         
*ur*-au?ority1 & a m]e ext]nal          
compliance ) its precepts1 )\t ref]5ce  
to ! int]ior  disposition ( ! s\l t[>d  
,god1 or recognition ( ! m]its  ( ,*ri/ 
z ! s\rce ( all ! sup]natural excell5ce 
&  value ( good works4 ,x is believ$ t !
 ,ca?olic sub/itutes  ! m]its ( !       
,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 ! m]its ( ! sa9ts1 
& 8 own m]its1 z an indep5d5t gr\nd (   
ju/ification1 9  lieu ( ! m]its ( ,*ri/4
 ,also1 t m]it is ascrib$ to  m]e       
ext]nal works1 su* z fa/+1 he>+ mass1 & 
p]=m+ c]emonial rites or p5it5tial      
labors1 on acc\nt (  ! m]e physical     
nature & ext5t ( ! works done1 )\t      
ref]5ce to ! motive f :i* !y proce$4 ,! 
vague &  timor\s pa/oral ( ! late ,synod

 ( ,lambe? is explicit &  bold only on  
?is "o po9t1 ( condemn+ ! sub/itution ( 
! ,virg9 ,m>y z a m$iator 9 ! place (   
,*ri/4 ,= ?is  reason1 we ?9k t ! simple
 /atem5t ( ! g5u9e  ,ca?olic doctr9e is 
! sure/ way to remove objections aga9/  
x1 & t mo/ ( ^! objections fall away (  
!mselves z  soon z ! misappreh5sions ( !
 doctr9e are remov$4 ,?is is  no private
 fancy ( our own1 b ! judgm5t ( "s ( !  
able/ !ologians ( ! _w1 ,prote/ant z    
well z ,ca?olic4  ,leibnitz1 ! greate/  
philosoph] among ,prote/ants1 f\nd  no?+
 to object to 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,c\ncil (
 ,tr5t  respect+ ju/ification4 ,dr4     
,pusey1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5  ( ! age 9  
scriptural & patri/ic !ology1 has       
publicly  express$ 8 adhesion to ! same 
doctr9e4 ,x is easy to  ridicule t      
movem5t 9 ! ,anglican *ur*1 ( :i* he is 
!  head2 b x w\ld be mu* m s5sible = ^? 
:o d x to  /udy 8 elaborate & pr(\nd    
writ+s1 & mu* m  difficult to refute !m4
 ,prote/antism has produc$ no?+1 at     
lea/ 9 ! ,engli% language1 :i* c approa*

 ! great works  ( ! ,high-,*ur* div9es (
 ,engl&4 ,^! works conta9 !  elem5ts (  
all ! !ology ( ,ca?olic doctr9e respect+
 !  ju/ification ( man1 9 ! ascetical1  
spiritual1 &  sacram5tal aspects ( ! "q4
 ,all ! life (  ,prote/antism 9 ,engl&  
is c5tr$ 9 ! ,ca?oliciz+  movem5t4 ,on !
 cont95t1 t or?odox ,prote/antism :i* is
  d]iv$ f ,lu!r & ,calv9 is a nullity4  
,! real issue (  ! _w1 z we h repeat$ly 
said1 is ab\t ! fundam5tal  pr9ciples ( 
,*ri/ianity4 ,! "q betwe5 ,ca?olics &   
^? ,prote/ants :o hold ) u ^! fundam5tal
 pr9ciples  is n1 z _m ( !m suppose1    
respect+ ! fir/ pr9ciples  ( ! doctr9e (
 ,*ri/1 b respect+ ! d$uctions to be    
d]iv$ f !m & _! due developm5t4 ,t ,god 
is reveal$  9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 z our       
sov]eign tea*]1 our sov]eign ,"l1  our  
sov]eign r$eem] & m$iator1 ! sov]eign   
au?or ( our  spiritual & ev]la/+ life2 t
 we are b\nd to r5d] him  ! absolute    
homage ( our fai? & our ob$i5ce1 is     
admitt$  by all4 ,! only "q is1 by :at  
me?od or means c we  asc]ta9 ) c]ta9ty !

 exact & complete s5se ( !  doctr9e he  
has comm&$ u to believe & ! law he has  
comm&$ u to keep4 ,?is is a "q to be    
decid$ by  evid5ce4 ,! soon] !          
prohib5tia 9 ! way (  exam9+ c>efully & 
c&idly ?is evid5ce are remov$ !  bett]4 
,?is is ! only po9t we h be5 aim+ at--! 
only  result we desire to rea*4  #dda   
,we h endeavor$ to remove "s ( !        
ob/acles 9 ! way (  a fair he>+ ( !     
claims ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 aris+ f      
priori conceptions ( h] doctr9e1 :i* are
 ?\ght to  au?orize a =egone conclusion 
aga9/ !m4 ,we h also  pres5t$ "s ( !    
reasons specially urg5t at pres5t1 :y  !
 basis = unity :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* (f]s
 %\ld be  c>efully & /udi\sly consid]$  
by all ^? :o desire !  union & welf>e ( 
,*ri/5dom1 its victory ov] e =m (       
anti-,*ri/ianity1 & its univ]sal        
ext5sion 9 ! _w4 ,!  fides =mata1 or    
fai? work+ by love1 :i* we h set  =? z !
 vital pr9ciple ( spiritual life 9 !    
individual1  mu/ also be ! pr9ciple (   
unity 9 ! ,*ri/ian society4  ,:oev] has 

fai? implicitly believes all ^? reveal$ 
doctr9es :i*1 )\t 8 own fault1 he does n
 explicitly  "k to be reveal$4 ,:oev]   
has love has ! pr9ciple (  ob$i5ce to ^?
 laws ^: exi/5ce he does n "k4  ,!re=e1 
we say t :oev] has fides =mata is       
ju/ifi$1 &1 ( c\rse1 spiritually unit$  
to ! true *ur*4  ,b :oev] rema9s        
culpably 9 error respect+ ess5tial      
doctr9es & precepts1 or refuses to      
believe & obey :at is  fairly pres5t$ to
 him z ! reveal$ tru? & w ( ,jesus      
,*ri/1 _c h fides =mata4 ,x is evid5t1  
!re=e1 t we are all b\nd to /rive aft] z
 great a  c]titude z possible respect+ !
 important "q at issue  betwe5 !        
,ca?olic ,*ur* & ,prote/ants4           
--------          ,translat$ ,f ,!      
,fr5*4          ,! ,/ory ,( ,a          
,conscript4                   ,,vi4     
,! mairie ( ,phalsb\rg1 t ,?ursday      
morn+1 ,janu>y #ae?1  #ahac1 dur+ !     
draw+ = ! conscription1 0 a sight to be 
se54 ,to-day x is bad en\gh to be drawn1
 to be =c$ to leave  p>5ts1 fri5ds1     

home1 "o's goods & "o's fields1 to g &  
le>n--,god kn[s :]e ,"o6 two6 "o6 two6  
halt6 eyes  left6 eyes "r6 front6 c>ry  
arms6 etc4 etc4 ,yes1 ?is is all  bad   
en\gh1 b !re is a *ance ( return+4 ,"o c
 say1 )  some?+ l confid5ce3 ,9 sev5    
ye>s ,i w see my old ne/  aga91 & my    
p>5ts1 & p]haps my swee!>t4 ,i %all h   
se5 ! _w1 & w p]haps h "s title to be   
appo9t$  =e/] or g5d'arme4 ,?is is a    
com=t = reasonable p4  ,b !n1 if y _h ! 
ill-luck to lose 9 ! lott]y1 !re  0 an  
end ( y2 (t5 n "o 9 a hundr$ return$4 ,!
 idea  t y 7 only go+ = a "t nev] ent]$ 
y\r head4    ,! enroll$ ( ,h>b]g1 (     
,g>b\rg1 & ( ,quatre-,v5ts 7 to  draw   
fir/2 !n ^? ( ! city1 & la/ly ^? (      
,wehem  & ,mittlebronn4    #ddb    ,i 0 
up e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & ) my elb[s on !    
"w-b5* ,i wat*$ ! p pass by2 "y m5 9    
bl\ses1  poor old m5 9 cotton caps &    
%ort ve/s2 old wom5 9 jackets  & wool5  
skirts1 b5t almo/ d\ble1 ) /aff or      
umbrella  "u _! arms4 ,!y arriv$ by     
families4 ,monsieur !  ,s\s-,prfet (    

,l>reb\rg1 ) 8 silv] coll>1 & 8         
secret>y1 _h /opp$ ! day be=e at ! ,r$  
,ox1 & !y  7 also look+ out ( ! w9d[4   
,t[>d eight o'clock1  ,monsieur ,g\ld5  
began "w1 aft] breakfa/+4 ,i ate no?+1  
b />$ & />$ until ,monsieur ! ,mayor1   
,p>m5ti] &  8 coadjutor1 came =         
,monsieur ! ,s\s-,prfet4    ,! draw+    
began at n9e1 & soon we he>d ! cl>ionet 
(  ,pfif]-,k>l & ! viol9 ( great ,&rs   
res\nd+ ?r\gh !  /reets4 ,!y 7 play+ !  
,m>* ( ! ,sw$es1 an air to  :i* ?\s&s ( 
poor wret*es _h left old ,alsace = ev]4 
,! conscripts danc$1 l9k$ arms1 %\t$    
until _! voices  seem$ to pi]ce ! cl\ds1
 /amp$ on ! gr\nd1 wav$ _!  hats1 try+  
to seem joyful :ile dea? 0 at _! he>ts4 
,well1 x 0 ! fa%ion2 & big ,&rs1 )]$1   
/iff1 &  yell[ z boxwood1 & 8 %ort *ubby
 comrade1 ) *eeks  ext5d$ to _! utmo/   
t5sion1 seem$ l p :o w\ld  lead y to !  
*ur*y>d all ! :ile *att+ indiff]5tly4   
,t music1 ^? cries1 s5t a %udd] ?r\gh my
 he>t4    ,i _h j put on my swall[-tail$
 coat & my beav] hat to g  out1 :5 ,aunt

 ,grdel & ,ca?>9e ent]$1 say+3    ,good 
morn+1 ,monsieur ,g\ld54 ,we h come = ! 
conscription4    ,!n ,i saw h[ ,ca?>9e  
_h be5 cry+4 ,h] eyes 7 r$1 &  %e ?rew  
h] arms ar\nd my neck1 :ile h] "m turn$ 
to me4    ,monsieur ,g\ld5 said3    ,x w
 soon be ! turn ( ! "y m5 ( ! city4     
,yes1 ,monsieur ,g\ld51 answ]$ ,ca?>9e1 
9 a *ok+ voice2  !y h f9i%$ ,h>b]g4     
,!n x is "t = y to g1 ,joseph1 said he2 
b d n  grieve2 d n be fright5$4 ,^!     
draw+s1 y "k1 are only  a matt] ( =m4 ,=
 a long :ile pa/ none c escape2 or if   
!y escape "o draw+1 !y are caught a ye> 
or two aft]4 ,all  ! numb]s are bad4 ,:5
 ! c\ncil ( exemption meets1 we w  see  
:at is be/ to be done4 ,to-day x is     
m]ely a sort (  satisfaction !y give p  
to draw 9 ! lott]y2 b e  "o loses4      
,no matt]1 said ,aunt ,grdel2 ,joseph w 
w94    ,yes1 yes1 repli$ ,monsieur      
,g\ld51 smil+1 he _c fail4    ,!n ,i    
salli$ =? ) ,ca?>9e & ,aunt ,grdel1 & we
 w5t  to ! t[n place1 :]e ! cr[d 04 ,9  
all ! %ops1 doz5s  ( conscripts1 pur*as+

 ribbons1 ?rong$ ar\nd ! c\nt]s1  weep+ 
& s++ z if possess$4 ,o!rs 9 ! inns     
embrac$1  sobb+2 b /ill !y sang4 ,two or
 ?ree musicians ( !  neighborhood--!    
,gipsy ,walteufel1 ,rosselka/51 &       
,george  ,adam--_h arriv$1 & _! pieces  
?und]$ 9 t]rible &  he>t-r5d+ /ra9s4    
,ca?>9e squeez$ my arm4 ,aunt ,grdel    
foll[$4    ,opposite ! gu>d-h\se ,i saw 
! p$dl] ,p9acle aff> (f1 8  pack op5$ on
 a little table1 & beside x a long pole 
deck$  ) ribbons :i* he 0 sell+ to !    
conscripts4    ,i ha/5$ to pass by him1 
:5 he cri$3    #ddc    ,ha6 ,cripple6   
,halt6 ,come "h2 ,i h a f9e ribbon = y2 
y  mu/ h a magnific5t "o--"o to draw a  
prize by4    ,he wav$ a long black      
ribbon above 8 head1 & ,i grew pale     
despite myself4 ,b z we asc5d$ ! /eps ( 
! mairie1 a  conscript 0 j desc5d+2 x 0 
,klipfel1 ! smi? ( !  ,fr5* gate2 he _h 
drawn numb] eight1 & %\t$3    ,! black =
 me1 ,p9acle6 ,br+ x "h1 :atev] may     
happ54    ,8 face 0 gloomy1 b he laugh$4
 ,8 little bro!r ,jean 0  cry+ beh9d    

him1 & said3    ,no1 no1 ,jacob6 n !    
black6    ,b ,p9acle fa/5$ ! ribbon to !
 smi?'s hat1 :ile !  latt] said3    ,t  
is :at we want n[4 ,we are all dead1 &  
%\ld we> our  own m\rn+4    ,& he cri$  
savagely3    ,vive l',emp]eur6    ,i 0  
bett] satisfi$ to see ! black ribbon on 
8 hat ?an on  m9e1 & ,i slipp$ quickly  
?r\gh ! cr[d to avoid ,p9acle4    ,we _h
 great difficulty 9 gett+ into ! mairie 
& 9  climb+ ! old oak /airs1 :]e p :]e  
go+ up & d[n  9 sw>ms4 ,9 ! great hall  
above1 ! g5d>me ,kelz walk$  ab\t1      
ma9ta9+ ord] z well z he c\ld1 & 9 !    
c\ncil-*amb] at ! side1 :]e !re is a    
pa9t+ ( ,ju/ice  ) h] eyes bl9dfold$1 we
 he>d !m call+ (f ! numb]s4  ,f "t to "t
 a conscript came put ) flu%$ face1     
fa/5+ 8 numb] on 8 cap & pass+ ) b[$    
head  ?r\gh ! cr[d1 l a furi\s bull :o  
_c see cle>ly &  :o w\ld seem to wi% to 
break 8 horns aga9/ ! walls4  ,o!rs1 on 
! contr>y1 pass$ pale z dea?4 ,! w9d[s (
 !  mairie 7 op51 & )\t 7 he>d six or   
sev5 pieces  play+ toge!r4 ,x 0         

horrible4    ,i press$ ,ca?>9e's h&1 &  
we pass$ sl[ly ?r\gh !  cr[d to ! hall  
:]e ,monsieur ! ,s\s-,prfet1 ! ,mayors1 
&  ! ,secret>ies 7 seat$ on _! tribune1 
call+ ! numb]s  al\d z if pron\nc+      
s5t5ce ( dea? 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice2  = all 
^? numb]s 7 really s5t5ces ( dea?4      
,we wait$ a long :ile4    ,x seem$ z if 
!re 0 no long] a drop ( blood 9 my ve9s1
  :5 at la/ my "n 0 call$4    ,i        
advanc$1 see+ & he>+ no?+2 ,i put my h& 
9 ! box  & drew a numb]4    ,monsieur ! 
,s\s-,prfet cri$ out3    ,numb] sev5te54
    ,!n ,i dep>t$ )\t speak+1 ,ca?>9e & 
h] "m beh9d  me4 ,we w5t out into !     
place1 &1 ! air reviv+ me1  ,i rememb]$ 
t ,i _h drawn numb] sev5te54    ,aunt   
,grdel seem$ conf\nd$4    ,& ,i put     
some?+ into y\r pocket1 too1 said %e2 b 
t  rascal ( a ,p9acle gave y ill luck4  
,at ! same "t %e drew f my coat-pocket !
 end ( a cord4  ,great drops ( sweat    
roll$ d[n my =ehead2 ,ca?>9e 0 :ite  z  
m>ble1 & s we return$ to ,monsieur      
,g\ld5's4    ,:at numb] did y draw1     

,joseph8 he ask$1 z soon z he saw  u4   
,sev5te51 repli$ ,aunt ,grdel1 sitt+    
d[n1 ) h] h&s  ^u h] knees4    ,monsieur
 ,g\ld5 seem$ tr\bl$ = a mom5t1 b he    
said  in/antly3    ,"o is z good z      
ano!r4 ,all w g2 ! skeletons mu/ be     
fill$4 ,b x don't matt] = ,joseph4 ,i w 
g & see  ,monsieur ! ,mayor & ,monsieur 
! ,comm&ant4 ,x w be  tell+ no lie to   
say t ,joseph is lame2 all ! t[n kn[s   
t2 b among s _m !y may ov]look him4 ,t  
is :y ,i g1  s re/ easy2 d n be anxi\s4 
#ddd    ,^! words ( good ,monsieur      
,g\ld5 reassur$ ,aunt ,grdel &  ,ca?>9e1
 :o return$ to ,quatre-,v5ts full (     
hope2 b !y  did n affect me1 = f t mom5t
 ,i _h n a mom5t (  re/ day or night4   
,! emp]or _h a good cu/om3 he did n all[
 ! conscripts to  langui% at home4 ,soon
 z ! draw+ 0 complete1 ! c\ncil  (      
revision met1 & a few days aft] came !  
ord]s to m>*4  ,he did n d l ^?         
too?-pull]s :o fir/ %[ y _!  p9c]s &    
hooks & gaze = an h\r into y\r m\?1 s t 
y feel half dead be=e !y make up _! m9ds

 to beg9 "w3  he proce$$ )\t loss ( "t4 
,a week aft] ! draw+1 ! c\ncil (        
revision sat at ! t[n  hall1 ) all !    
mayors & a few notables ( ! c\ntry to   
give advice 9 case ( ne$4    ,! day be=e
 ,monsieur ,g\ld5 _h put on 8 br[n      
great-coat  & 8 be/ wig to g to w9d up  
,monsieur ! ,mayor's clock &  t ( !     
,comm&ant4 ,he return$ laugh+ & said3   
,all goes well1 ,joseph4 ,monsieur !    
,mayor & ,monsieur !  ,comm&ant "k t y  
are lame2 t is easy en\gh to be  se54   
,!y repli$ at once1 ,eh1 ,monsieur      
,g\ld51 ! "y man  is lame2 :y speak (   
him8 ,d n be uneasy2 we d n want !      
infirm2 we want soldi]s4    ,^! words   
p\r$ balm on my w\nds1 & t night ,i     
slept l  "o ( ! bless$4 ,b ! next day   
fe> aga9 assail$ me2 ,i  rememb]$       
sudd5ly h[ _m m5 full ( defects _h gone 
all !  same1 & h[ _m o!rs inv5t$ defects
 to deceive !  c\ncil2 = in/ance1       
swall[+ injuri\s sub/ances to make  !m  
pale2 ty+ up _! legs to give !mselves   
swoll5 ve9s2  or play+ deaf1 bl9d1 or   

fooli%4 ,i _h he>d t v9eg>  w\ld make "o
 sick1 &1 )\t tell+ ,monsieur ,g\ld51 9 
my  fe> ,i swall[$ all ! v9eg> 9 8      
bottle4 ,!n ,i dress$  myself1 ?9k+ t ,i
 look$ l a dead man1 = ! v9eg>  0 v     
/rong2 b :5 ,i ent]$ ,monsieur ,g\ld5's 
room1 he  cri$ out3    ,joseph1 :at is !
 matt] ) y8 ,y are z r$ z a cock's      
comb4    ,&1 look+ at myself 9 ! mirror1
 ,i saw t my face 0 r$  to my e>s & to !
 v tip ( my nose4 ,i 0 fright5$1 b      
in/ead ( gr[+ pale ,i became r$d] yet1 &
 ,i cri$ out 9  my di/ress3    ,n[ ,i am
 lo/ inde$6 ,i w seem l a man )\t a s+le
  defect1 & full ( heal?4 ,! v9eg> is   
ru%+ to my head4    ,:at v9eg>8 ask$    
,monsieur ,g\ld54    ,t 9 y\r bottle4 ,i
 drank x to make myself pale1 z !y say  
,mademoiselle ,selapp1 ! organi/1 does4 
,o ,heav5s6 :at a fool ,i  04    ,t does
 n prev5t y\r be+ lame1 said ,monsieur  
,g\ld52  b y tri$ to deceive ! c\ncil1  
:i* 0 di%one/4 ,b  x is half-pa/ n9e1 & 
,w]n] is come to tell me y mu/ be  !re  
at t5 o'clock4 ,s1 hurry4    ,i _h to g 

9 t /ate2 ! heat ( ! v9eg> seem$  bur/+ 
f my *eeks1 & :5 ,i met ,ca?>9e & h] "m1
  :o 7 wait+ = me at ! mairie1 !y       
sc>cely knew me4    ,h[ happy & satisfi$
 y look6 said ,aunt ,grdel4    #dde     
,i w\ld h fa9t$ on he>+ ?is if ! v9eg>  
_h n  su/a9$ me 9 spite ( myself4 ,i w5t
 up/airs 9 t]rible  agony1 )\t be+ able 
to move my tongue to reply1 s great  0 !
 horror ,i felt at my folly4    ,above1 
m ?an tw5ty-five conscripts :o pret5d$  
to be  infirm1 _h be5 exam9$ & receiv$1 
:ile tw5ty-five o!rs1  on a b5* along ! 
wall1 sat ) droop+ heads await+ _!      
turn4    ,! old g5d>me1 ,kelz1 ) 8 huge 
cock$ hat1 0 walk+  ab\t1 & z soon z he 
saw me exclaim$3 ,at la/6 ,at la/6  ,"h 
is "o1 at all ev5ts1 :o w n be sorry to 
g2 ! love  ( glory is %9+ 9 8 eyes4 ,v  
good1 ,joseph2 ,i pr$ict  t at ! end ( !
 campaign y w be corporal4    ,b ,i am  
lame1 ,i cri$ angrily4    ,lame6 repeat$
 ,kelz1 w9k+ & smil+2 lame6 ,no matt]4  
,) su* heal? z y\rs y c always hold y\r 
own4    ,he _h sc>cely ceas$ speak+ :5 !

 door ( ! hall ( !  ,c\ncil ( ,revision 
op5$1 & ! o!r g5d>me1 ,w]n]1  putt+ out 
8 head1 call$1 ,joseph ,b]?a4    ,i     
ent]$1 limp+ z mu* z ,i c\ld1 & ,w]n]   
%ut ! door4  ,! mayors ( ! canton 7     
seat$ 9 a semi-circle1 ,monsieur  !     
,s\s-,prfet & ! ,mayor ( ,phalsb\rg 9 ! 
middle1 9  arm-*airs1 & ! ,secret>y     
,frlig at 8 table4 ,a ,h>b]g  conscript 
0 dress+ himself1 ! g5d>me ,desc>mes    
help+  him4 ,?is conscript1 ) a mass (  
br[n hair fall+ ov] 8  eyes1 8 neck b>e1
 & 8 m\? op5 z he caught 8 brea?1  seem$
 l a man go+ to be hang$4 ,two          
surgeons--!  ,surgeon-9-,*ief ( !       
,hospital1 ) ano!r 9 uni=m--7  conv]s+ 9
 ! middle ( ! hall4 ,!y turn$ to me1    
say+1  ,take (f y\r coat4    ,i did s4  
,! o!rs look$ on4    ,monsieur !        
,s\s-,prfet obs]v$3    ,!re is a "y man 
full ( heal?4    ,^! words ang]$ me1 b  
,i nev]!less repli$ respectfully3    ,i 
am lame1 ,monsieur ! ,s\s-,prfet4    ,! 
surgeons exam9$ me1 & ! "o f ! hospital1
 to :om  ,monsieur ! ,comm&ant _h       

d\btless spok5 ( me1 said3 ,!  left leg 
is a little %ort4 ,bah6 said ! o!r2 x is
  s\nd4    ,!n plac+ 8 h& ^u my *e/ he  
said1 ,! con=mation is  good4 ,c\gh4    
,i c\gh$ z freely z ,i c\ld2 b he f\nd  
me all "r1 &  said aga93    ,look at 8  
color4 ,h[ good 8 blood mu/ be6    ,!n  
,i1 see+ t !y w\ld pass me if ,i rema9$ 
sil5t1  repli$3 ,i h drank v9eg>4 ,ah6  
said he2 t proves y  h a good /oma*2 y l
 v9eg>4    ,b ,i am lame6 ,i cri$ 9 my  
di/ress4    ,bah6 don't grieve at t1 he 
answ]$2 y\r leg is s\nd4  ,i'll answ] = 
x4    ,b t1 said ,monsieur ! ,mayor1    
does n prev5t 8 be+  lame f bir?2 all   
,phalsb\rg kn[s t4    ,! leg is too     
%ort1 said ! surgeon f ! hospital2 x  is
 d\btless a case = exemption4    ,yes1  
said ! ,mayor2 ,i am sure t ?is "y man  
c\ld n  endure a long m>*2 he w\ld drop 
on ! road ! second mile4    ,! fir/     
surgeon said no?+ m4    ,i ?\ght myself 
sav$1 :5 ,monsieur ! ,s\s-,prfet ask$3  
,y  are really ,joseph ,b]?a8    #ddf   
,yes1 ,monsieur ! ,s\s-,prfet1 ,i       

answ]$4    ,well1 g5tlem51 said he1 tak+
 a lett] out ( 8 portfolio1  li/54      
,he began to read ! lett]1 :i* /at$ t1  
six mon?s  be=e1 ,i _h bet t ,i c\ld g  
to ,lav]ne & back quick]  ?an ,p9acle2 t
 we _h run ! race1 & ,i _h won4    ,x 0 
unhappily too true4 ,! villa9 ,p9acle _h
 always taunt$  me ) be+ a cripple1 & 9 
my ang] ,i laid ! wag]4 ,e  "o knew ( x4
 ,i c\ld n d5y x4    ,:ile ,i /ood      
utt]ly conf\nd$1 ! fir/ surgeon said3   
,t settles ! "q4 ,dress y\rself4 ,&1    
turn+ to !  ,secret>y1 he cri$1 ,good = 
s]vice4    ,i took up my coat 9 despair4
    ,w]n] call$ ano!r4 ,i no long] saw  
any?+4 ,"s "o help$  me to get my arms 9
 my coat-sleeves4 ,!n ,i f\nd myself ^u 
! /airs1 & :ile ,ca?>9e ask$ me :at _h  
pass$1 ,i  sobb$ al\d & w\ld h fall5 f  
top to bottom if ,aunt  ,grdel _h n     
support$ me4    ,we w5t out by ! re>-way
 & cross$ ! little c\rt4 ,i wept  l a   
*ild1 & ,ca?>9e did too4    ,monsieur   
,g\ld5 kn[+ t ,aunt ,grdel & ,ca?>9e    
w\ld  come to d9e ) u ! day ( !         

revision1 _h _h a /uff$  goose & two    
bottles ( good ,alsace w9e s5t f !      
,gold5  ,%eep4 ,he 0 sure t ,i w\ld be  
exempt$ at once4 ,:at 0  8 surprise1 !n1
 to see u ent] toge!r 9 su* di/ress4    
,:at is ! matt]8 said he1 rais+ 8 silk  
cap ov] 8 bald  =ehead1 & />+ at u )    
eyes wide op54    ,i _h n /r5g? en\gh to
 answ]4 ,i ?rew myself into !  arm*air &
 bur/ into te>s4 ,ca?>9e sat d[n beside 
me1 &  our sobs r$\bl$4    ,aunt ,grdel 
said3    ,! robb]s h tak5 him4    ,x is 
n possible6 exclaim$ ,monsieur ,g\ld51  
lett+ fall  8 arms by 8 side4    ,x %[s 
_! villa9y1 repli$ my aunt1 &1 gr[+ m & 
m excit$1 %e cri$1 ,w a revolution nev] 
come aga98  ,%all ^? wret*es always be  
our ma/]s8    ,calm y\rself1 ,"m ,grdel1
 said ,monsieur ,g\ld54 ,9 !  "n (      
,heav5 don't cry s l\d4 ,joseph1 tell me
 h[ x  happ5$4 ,!y are surely mi/ak52 x 
_c be possible  o!rwise4 ,did ,monsieur 
! ,mayor & ! hospital surgeon say  no?+8
    ,i told ! hi/ory ( ! lett]1 & ,aunt 
,grdel1 :o until !n  knew no?+ ( x1 aga9

 %riek$ ) h] h&s cl5*$4    ,o !         
sc\ndrel6 ,god grant t he may cross my  
?re%old aga94  ,i w cleave 8 head ) my  
hat*et4    ,monsieur ,g\ld5 0 a/\nd$4   
,& y did n say t x 0 false4 ,!n ! /ory 0
 true8    ,& z ,i b[$ my head )\t       
reply+1 he clasp$ 8 h&s1  say+3    ,o   
y\?6 y\?6 x ?9ks ( no?+4 ,:at folly6 :at
 folly6    ,he walk$ ar\nd ! room2 !n   
sat d[n to wipe 8 spectacles1  & ,aunt  
,grdel exclaim$3    ,yes1 b !y %all n h 
him yet6 ,_! wick$ness %all yet  g =    
no?+4 ,?is v ev5+ ,joseph %all be 9 !   
m\nta9s on ! way to ,switz]l&4          
,monsieur ,g\ld5 he>+ ?is1 look$ grave2 
he b5t 8 br[s1  & repli$ 9 a few mom5ts3
    #ddg    ,x is a mis=tune1 a great   
mis=tune1 = ,joseph is really  lame4 ,!y
 w yet f9d x out1 = he _c m>* two days  
)\t fall+ beh9d & becom+ sick4 ,b y are 
wrong1  ,"m ,grdel1 to speak z y d &    
give him bad advice4    ,bad advice6 %e 
cri$4 ,!n y are = hav+ p  massacr$ too6 
,no1 he answ]$2 ,i d n love w>s1        
especially :]e a  hundr$ ?\s& m5 lose _!

 lives = ! glory ( "o4 ,b  w>s ( t k9d  
are end$4 ,x is n n[ = glory & to w9    
new k+doms t soldi]s are levi$1 b to    
def5d our c\ntry1  :i* _h be5 put 9     
dang] by tyranny & ambition4 ,we w\ld   
gladly h peace n[4 ,unhappily1 !        
,russians are advanc+2 !  ,prussians are
 jo9+ !m2 & our fri5ds1 ! ,au/rians1    
only  await a good opportunity to fall  
^u our re>4 ,if we d n g  to meet !m1 !y
 w come to our homes2 = we are ab\t to  
h ,europe on our h&s z we _h 9 '#ic4 ,x 
is n[ a diff]5t  matt] f our w>s 9      
,spa91 9 ,russia1 & 9 ,g]many2 & ,i1    
old z ,i am1 ,"m ,grdel1 if ! dang]     
cont9ues to increase  & ! vet]ans ( !   
republic are ne$$1 ,i w\ld be a%am$  to 
g & make clocks 9 ,switz]l& :ile o!rs 7 
p\r+  out _! blood to def5d my c\ntry4  
,besides1 rememb] ?is  well1 t des]t]s  
are despis$ ev]y:]e2 aft] hav+  committ$
 su* an act1 !y h no k9dr$ or home      
any:]e4  ,!y h nei!r fa!r1 "m1 *ur*1 nor
 c\ntry4 ,!y are  incapable ( fulfill+ !
 fir/ duty ( man--to love &  su/a9 _!   

c\ntry1 ev5 ?\gh %e be 9 ! wrong4    ,he
 said no m at ! mom5t1 b sat gravely    
d[n4    ,let u eat1 he exclaim$1 aft] "s
 m9utes ( sil5ce4  ,midday is /rik+4 ,"m
 ,grdel & ,ca?>9e1 seat y\rselves  !re4 
,!y sat d[n1 & we began d9n]4 ,i m$itat$
 ^u ! words (  ,monsieur ,g\ld51 :i*    
seem$ "r to me4 ,aunt ,grdel  compress$ 
h] lips1 & f "t to "t gaz$ at me z if to
  read my ?\ghts4 ,at l5g? %e said3     
,i despise a c\ntry :]e !y take fa!rs ( 
families aft]  c>ry+ (f ! sons4 ,if ,i 7
 9 ,joseph's place1 ,i w\ld fly  at     
once4    ,li/51 ,aunt ,grdel1 ,i repli$2
 y "k t ,i love no?+  s mu* z peace &   
quiet2 b ,i w\ld n1 nev]!less1 run  away
 l a c[>d to ano!r c\ntry4 ,b1 not)/&+1 
,i  w d z ,ca?>9e says2 if %e wi%es me  
to g to ,switz]l&1  ,i w g4    ,!n      
,ca?>9e1 l[]+ h] head to hide h] te>s1  
said 9 a  l[ voice3    ,i w\ld n h !m   
call y a des]t]4    ,well1 !n1 ,i w d l 
! o!rs1 ,i cri$2 & z ^?  ( ,phalsb\rg & 
,dagsb]g are go+ to ! w>s1 ,i w g4      
,monsieur ,g\ld5 made no rem>k4    ,e "o

 is free to d z he pleases1 said he1    
aft] a :ile2  b ,i am glad t ,joseph    
?9ks z ,i d4    ,!n !re 0 sil5ce1 & t[>d
 two o'clock ,aunt ,grdel arose  & took 
h] basket4 ,%e seem$ utt]ly ca/ d[n1 &  
said3    ,joseph1 y w n li/5 to me1 b no
 matt]4 ,) ,god's  grace1 all w yet be  
well4 ,y w return if he wills x1 &      
,ca?>9e w wait = y4    ,ca?>9e wept     
aga91 & ,i m ?an %e2 s t ,monsieur      
,g\ld5 himself c\ld n help %$d+ te>s4   
,at l5g? ,ca?>9e & h] "m desc5d$ !      
/airs1 & ,aunt  ,grdel call$ out f !    
bottom3    ,try to come & see u once or 
twice aga91 ,joseph4    #ddh    ,yes1   
yes1 ,i answ]$1 %utt+ ! door4    ,i c\ld
 no long] /&4 ,nev] _h ,i be5 s         
mis]able1 & ev5  n[1 :5 ,i ?9k ( x1 my  
he>t *ills4                             
,,vii4    ,f t day ,i c\ld ?9k ( no?+ b 
my mis=tune4 ,i tri$  to "w1 b my ?\ghts
 7 f> away1 & ,monsieur ,g\ld5  said3   
,joseph1 lay labor aside4 ,pr(it by !   
little "t y c  rema9 among u2 g to see  
,ca?>9e & ,"m ,grdel4 ,i /ill  ?9k !y w 

exempt y1 b :o c tell8 ,!y ne$ m5 s  mu*
 t x may be a long "t com+4    ,i w5t !n
 e morn+ to ,quatre-,v5ts1 & pass$ my   
days  ) ,ca?>9e4 ,we 7 v sorr[ful1 b v  
glad to see ea*  o!r4 ,we lov$ "o ano!r 
ev5 m ?an be=e1 if t 7  possible4       
,ca?>9e sometimes tri$ to s+ z 9 ! good 
old  times2 b sudd5ly %e w\ld bur/ into 
te>s4 ,!n we wept  toge!r1 & ,aunt      
,grdel w\ld rail at ! w>s :i* br\ght    
mis]y to e "o4 ,%e said t ! ,c\ncil (   
,revision  des]v$ to be hung2 t !y 7 all
 robb]s1 b&$ toge!r  to poison our      
lives4 ,x solac$ u a little to he> h]   
talk  ?us1 & we ?\ght %e 0 "r4    ,i    
return$ to ! city ab\t eight or n9e     
o'clock 9 !  ev5+4 ,:5 !y clos$ ! gates1
 & z ,i pass$1 ,i saw !  small inns full
 ( conscripts & old return$ soldi]s     
dr9k+  toge!r4 ,! conscripts always     
paid2 ! o!rs1 ) dirty  police-caps cock$
 ov] _! e>s1 r$ noses1 & horse-hair     
/ocks 9 place ( %irt-coll>s1 twi/$ _!   
mu/a*es &  relat$ ) maje/ic air _!      
battles1 _! m>*es1 & _!  duels4 ,"o c   

imag9e no?+ vil] ?an ^? holes1 full (   
smoke1 cobwebs hang+ on ! black beams1  
^? old sword]s &  "y m5 dr9k+1 %\t+1 &  
beat+ ! tables l crazy  p2 & beh9d 9 !  
%ad[ old ,annette ,s*naps or ,m>ie      
,hr+--h] old wig /uck back on h] head1  
h] comb ) only  ?ree tee? rema9+1       
crosswise1 9 x--gaz+ on ! sc5e1 or      
empty+ a mug to ! heal? ( ! braves4     
,x 0 sad to see ! sons ( peasants1 hone/
 & labori\s  fell[s1 lead+ su* an       
exi/5ce2 b no "o ?\ght (  work+1 & any  
"o ( !m w\ld h giv5 8 life = two  f>?+s4
 ,worn out ) %\t+1 dr9k+1 & int]nal     
grief1  !y end$ by fall+ asleep ov] !   
table1 :ile ! old  fell[s empti$ _!     
cups1 s++3    ',tis glory calls u on6   
,i saw ^! ?+s1 & ,i bless$ heav5 = hav+ 
giv5 me1 9  my wret*$ness1 k9d he>ts to 
keep up my c\rage & prev5t my  fall+    
into su* h&s4    ,?is /ate ( affairs    
la/$ until ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,janu>y4  ,=  
"s days a great numb] ( ,italian        
conscripts--,pi$montese  & ,g5oese--_h  
be5 arriv+ 9 ! city2 "s /\t & fat z     

,savoy>ds f$ ^u *e/nuts--_! great cock$ 
hats on _!  curly heads2 _!             
l9sey-woolsey pantaloons dy$ a d>k gre51
  & _! %ort ve/s also ( wool1 b         
brick-r$1 fa/5$  ar\nd _! wai/s by a    
lea!r belt4 ,!y wore enorm\s %oes1  &   
ate _! *eese seat$ along ! old          
m>ketplace4 ,o!rs  7 dri$ up1 lean1     
br[n1 %iv]+ 9 _! long cassocks1  see+   
no?+ b sn[ ^u ! ro(s & gaz+ ) _!  l>ge1 
black1 m\rnful eyes ^u ! wom5 :o pass$4 
,!y 7  ex]cis$ e day 9 m>*+1 & 7 go+ to 
fill up !  skeleton ( ! six? regim5t ( !
 l9e at ,may5ce1 & 7  !n re/+ = a :ile 9
 ! infantry b>racks4    #ddi    ,!      
capta9 ( ! recruits1 :o 0 nam$ ,vidal1  
lodg$ ov] our  room4 ,he 0 a            
squ>e-built1 solid1 v /rong-look+ man1 &
  01 too1 v k9d & civil4 ,he came to u  
to h 8 wat*  repair$1 & :5 he le>n$ t ,i
 0 a conscript & 0  afraid ,i %\ld nev] 
return1 he enc\rag$ me1 say+ t x  0 all 
habit2 t at ! end ( five or six mon?s "o
 fights  & m>*es z he eats 8 d9n]2 & t  
_m s accu/om  !mselves to %oot+ at p t  

!y consid] !mselves  unhappy :5 !y are  
depriv$ ( t amusem5t4    ,b 8 mode (    
reason+ 0 n to my ta/e2 ! m s z ,i  saw 
five or six l>ge gra9s ( p[d] on "o ( 8 
*eeks1  :i* _h ent]$ deeply1 & z he     
expla9$ to me t !y  came f a %ot :i* a  
,russian fir$ almo/ "u 8 nose4  ,su* a  
life disgu/$ me m & m1 & z sev]al days  
_h  already pass$ )\t news1 ,i began to 
?9k !y _h =gott5  me1 z !y did ,jacob1 (
 ,*vre-,h(1 ( ^: extraord9>y luck  e "o 
yet talks4 ,aunt ,grdel h]self said to  
me e "t ,i  w5t !re1 ,well1 well6 !y w  
let u alone aft] all6 ,:5  on ! morn+ ( 
! tw5ty-fif? ( ,janu>y1 z ,i 0 ab\t     
/>t+ = ,quatre-,v5ts1 ,monsieur ,g\ld51 
:o 0 work+ at  8 b5* ) a ?\ghtful air1  
turn$ to me ) te>s 9 8  eyes & said3    
,li/51 ,joseph6 ,i want$ to let y h "o  
night m ( quiet  sleep2 b y mu/ "k n[1  
my *ild1 t ye/]day ev5+  ! brigadi] (   
g5d>m]ie br\ght me y\r m>*+ ord]s4 ,y  g
 ) ! ,pi$montese & ,g5oese & five or six
 "y m5 (  ! city--"y ,klipfel1 "y       
,lo]ig1 ,jean ,lg]1 & ,gasp>d  ,zbd4 ,y 

g to ,may5ce4    ,i felt my knees give  
way z he spoke1 & ,i sat d[n unable to  
speak4 ,monsieur ,g\ld5 took my m>*+    
ord]s1 beautifully  writt51 out ( a     
draw]1 & began to read !m sl[ly4 ,all t 
,i rememb] is t ,joseph ,b]?a1 native ( 
,dabo1 ,canton (  ,phalsb\rg1           
,arrondissem5t ( ,s>reb\rg1 0           
incorporat$ 9 !  six? regim5t ( ! l9e1 &
 t he %\ld jo9 8 corps !  tw5ty-n9? (   
,janu>y at ,may5ce4    ,?is lett]       
produc$ z evil an effect on me z if ,i  
_h kn[n  no?+ ( x be=e4 ,x seem$ some?+ 
new1 & ,i grew angry4  ,monsieur ,g\ld51
 aft] a mom5t's sil5ce1 add$3    ,!     
,italians />t to-day at elev54    ,!n1 z
 if awak5+ f a horrible dream1 ,i cri$3 
,b %all ,i n see ,ca?>9e aga98    ,yes1 
,joseph1 yes1 said he1 9 a trembl+      
voice4 ,i notifi$  ,"m ,grdel & ,ca?>9e1
 & ?us1 my boy1 !y w come1  & y c       
embrace !m be=e leav+4    ,i saw 8      
grief1 & x made me sadd] yet1 s t ,i _h 
a h>d  /ruggle to keep myself f bur/+   
into te>s4    ,he cont9u$1 aft] a pause3

    ,y ne$ n be anxi\s ab\t any?+1      
,joseph4 ,i h prep>$  all be=eh&2 & :5 y
 return1 if x please ,god to keep me  s 
long 9 ?is _w1 y w f9d me always ! same4
 ,i am  beg9n+ to gr[ old1 & my greate/ 
happ9ess w\ld be to keep  y = a son1 =  
,i f\nd y good-he>t$ & hone/4 ,i w\ld  h
 giv5 y :at ,i possess1 & we w\ld h be5 
happy  toge!r4 ,ca?>9e & y w\ld h be5 my
 *ildr54  #dej  ,b s9ce x is o!rwise1   
let u resign ourselves4 ,x is only  = a 
little :ile4 ,y w be s5t back1 ,i am    
sure4 ,!y w  soon see t y _c make long  
m>*es4    ,:ile he spoke1 ,i sat sil5tly
 sobb+1 my face buri$ 9 my  h&s4    ,at 
la/ he arose & took f a closet a        
soldi]'s knapsack (  c[sk91 :i* he plac$
 ^u ! table4 ,i look$ at him1  ?9k+ (   
no?+ b ! pa9 ( p>t+4    ,"h is y\r      
knapsack1 he add$2 & ,i h put 9 x all t 
y require2 two l95 %irts1 two flannel   
wai/coats1 & all  ! re/4 ,well1 well1 t 
is all4    ,he plac$ ! knapsack ^u !    
table & sat d[n4    ,)\t1 we he>d !     
,italians mak+ ready to dep>t4 ,above u 

,capta9 ,vidal 0 giv+ 8 ord]s4 ,he _h 8 
horse at !  b>racks ( ! g5d>m]ie1 & 0   
tell+ 8 ord]ly to see  t he 0 well rubb$
 & _h receiv$ 8 hay4    ,all ?is bu/le &
 movem5t produc$ a /range effect ^u me1 
& ,i c\ld n yet realize t ,i mu/ quit ! 
city4 ,z ,i 0  ?us 9 ! greate/ di/ress1 
! door op5$ & ,ca?>9e  ent]$ weep+1 :ile
 ,"m ,grdel cri$3    ,i told y y %\ld h 
fl$ to ,switz]l&2 t ^!  rogues w\ld f9i%
 by c>ry+ y (f4 ,i told y s1 & y  w\ld n
 believe me4    ,"m ,grdel1 repli$      
,monsieur ,g\ld51 to g to d 8 duty  is n
 s great an evil z to be despis$ by     
hone/ p4  ,in/ead ( all ^! cries &      
reproa*es1 :i* s]ve no good  purpose1 y 
w\ld d bett] to com=t & enc\rage        
,joseph4    ,ah6 said %e2 ,i d n reproa*
 him1 al?\gh ?is is  t]rible4    ,ca?>9e
 did n leave me2 %e sat by me & said1   
press+ my  arm3    ,y w return8    ,yes1
 yes1 said ,i1 9 a l[ voice4 ,& y--y w  
always  ?9k ( me2 y w n love ano!r8     
,%e answ]$1 sobb+3    ,no1 no6 ,i w nev]
 love any b y4    ,?is la/$ a qu>t] ( an

 h\r1 :5 ! door op5$ &  ,capta9 ,vidal  
ent]$1 8 cloak roll$ l a hunt+-horn ov] 
8 %\ld]4    ,well1 said he1 well2 h[    
goes our "y man8    ,"h he is1 answ]$   
,monsieur ,g\ld54    ,ah6 rem>k$ !      
capta92 y are mak+ y\rself mis]able4  ,x
 is natural4 ,i rememb] :5 ,i dep>t$ = !
 army4 ,we h  all a home4    ,!n1 rais+ 
8 voice1 he said3    ,come1 come1 "y    
man1 c\rage6 ,we are no long] *ildr54   
,he look$ at ,ca?>9e4    ,i see all1    
said he to ,monsieur ,g\ld54 ,i c und]/&
 :y  he does n want to g4    ,! drums   
beat 9 ! /reet & he add$4    ,we h yet  
tw5ty m9utes be=e />t+1 &1 ?r[+ a       
glance at me1 ,d n fail to be at ! fir/ 
call1 "y man1  said he1 press+ ,monsieur
 ,g\ld5's h&4    ,he w5t out1 & we he>d 
8 horse at ! door4    ,! morn+ 0 ov]ca/1
 & grief ov]:elm$ me4 ,i c\ld n  leave  
,ca?>9e4    ,sudd5ly ! roll beat4 ,!    
drums 7 all collect$ 9 !  ,place4       
,monsieur ,g\ld51 tak+ ! knapsack by its
 /raps1 said  9 a grave voice3          
,joseph1 n[ ! la/ embrace2 x is "t to g4

    #dea    ,i /ood up1 pale z a%es4 ,he
 fa/5$ ! knapsack to my  %\ld]s4 ,ca?>9e
 sat sobb+1 h] face cov]$ ) h]  apron4  
,"m ,grdel look$ on ) lips compress$4   
,! roll cont9u$ = a "t1 !n sudd5ly      
ceas$4    ,! call is ab\t comm5c+1 said 
,monsieur ,g\ld51 embrac+  me4 ,!n !    
f\nta9s ( 8 he>t bur/ =?2 te>s sprang to
  8 eyes2 &1 call+ me 8 *ild1 8 son1 he 
:isp]$1  ,c\rage6    ,"m ,grdel seat$   
h]self aga91 & z ,i b5t t[>d h]1  tak+  
my head betwe5 h] h&s1 %e sobb$3    ,i  
always lov$ y1 ,joseph2 ev] s9ce y 7 a  
baby4 ,y  nev] gave me cause ( grief--& 
n[ y mu/ g4 ,o ,god6 ,o ,god6    ,i wept
 no long]4    ,:5 ,aunt ,grdel releas$  
me1 ,i look$ a mom5t at ,ca?>9e1 :o     
/ood motionless4 ,!n ,i turn$ quickly to
 g1 :5 %e cri$1 9  he>t-break+ tones3   
,o ,joseph6 ,joseph6    ,i look$ back4  
,h] /r5g? seem$ to leave h]1 & ,i plac$ 
h]  9 ! arm-*air1 & fl$4    ,i 0 already
 on ! ,place1 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,italians & (
 a  cr[d ( p cry+ = _! sons or bro!rs4  
,i saw no?+2  ,i he>d no?+4    ,:5 !    

roll ( ! drums recomm5c$1 ,i look$      
ar\nd1 & saw  t ,i 0 betwe5 ,klipfel &  
,fur/1 all ?ree ) our  knapsacks on our 
backs4 ,_! p>5ts /ood be=e u1 weep+ z   
if at _! fun]al4 ,to ! "r1 ne> !        
t[n-hall1 ,capta9  ,vidal1 on 8 little  
gray m>e1 0 conv]s+ ) two infantry      
(fic]s4 ,! s]geants call$ ! roll1 & we  
answ]$4 ,!y  call$ ,fur/1 ,klipfel1     
,b]?a2 we answ]$ l ! o!rs4 ,!n  ! capta9
 gave ! ^w1 ,m>*6 & we w5t1 two abrea/1 
t[>d ! ,fr5* gate4    ,at ! corn] ( !   
bak] ,spitz1 an old woman cri$1 9 a     
*ok+ voice1 f a w9d[3    ,kasp]6 ,kasp]6
    ,x 0 ,zbd's gr&mo!r4 ,8 lips        
trembl$4 ,he wav$ 8  h&1 )\t reply+1 &  
pass$ on ) d[nca/ face4    ,i %udd]$ at 
! ?\ght ( pass+ my home4 ,z we ne>$ x1  
my knees trembl$1 & ,i he>d "s "o call  
at ! w9d[2 b ,i  turn$ my head t[>d !   
,r$ ,ox1 & ! rattle ( ! drums  dr[n$ !  
voices4    ,! *ildr5 ran aft] u1 %\t+3  
,!re goes ,joseph6 !re goes ,klipfel6   
,"u ! ,fr5* gate1 ! m5 on gu>d1 drawn up
 9 l9e on ea*  side1 gaz$ on u z we     

pass$ at %\ld] arms4 ,we pass$ !        
outpo/s1 & ! drums ceas$ play+ z we     
turn$ to ! "r4  ,no?+ 0 he>d b ! pla% ( 
foot/eps 9 ! mud1 = !  sn[ 0 melt+4     
,we _h pass$ ! f>m-h\se ( ,g]b]h(f1 & 7 
go+ to !  great bridge1 :5 ,i he>d "s "o
 call me4 ,x 0 ! capta91  :o cri$ f 8   
horse3    ,v well done1 "y man2 ,i am   
satisfi$ ) y4    ,he>+ ?is1 ,i c\ld n   
help aga9 bur/+ into te>s1 & !  great   
,fur/1 too1 wept1 z we m>*$ along2 !    
o!rs1 pale z  m>ble1 said no?+4 ,at !   
bridge1 ,zbd took out 8 pipe to  smoke4 
,9 front ( u1 ! ,italians talk$ & laugh$
 among  !mselves2 _! ?ree weeks ( s]vice
 _h accu/om$ !m to  ?is life4    ,once  
on ! way to ,mett+1 m ?an a league f !  
city1 z  we began to desc5d1 ,klipfel   
t\*$ me on ! %\ld]1 &  :isp]$3    ,look 
yond]4    #deb    ,i look$1 & saw       
,phalsb\rg f> b5ea? u2 ! b>racks1 !     
magaz9es1 ! /eeple :5ce ,i _h se5       
,ca?>9e's home1 six  weeks be=e1 ) old  
,bra9/e9--all 7 9 ! gray di/ance1  ) !  
woods all ar\nd4 ,i w\ld h /opp$ a few  

mom5ts1  b ! troop m>*$ on1 & ,i _h to  
keep pace ) !m4 ,we  ent]$ ,mett+4      
,,viii4    ,t same day we w5t z f> z    
,bit*e2 ! next1 to ,hornba*2  !n to     
,kais]slant]n4 ,x began to sn[ aga94    
,h[ (t5 dur+ t long m>* did ,i sigh = ! 
?ick cloak  ( ,monsieur ,g\ld51 & 8     
d\ble-sol$ %oes4    ,we pass$ ?r\gh     
innum]able villages1 sometimes on !     
m\nta9s1 sometimes 9 ! pla9s4 ,z we     
ent]$ ea* little  t[n1 ! drums began to 
beat1 & we m>*$ ) heads erect1  m>k+ !  
/ep1 try+ to assume ! mi5 ( old soldi]s4
 ,!  p look$ out ( _! little w9d[s1 or  
came to ! doors1  say+1 ,!re g !        
conscripts6    ,at night we halt$1 glad 
to re/ our we>y feet--,i1 especially4 ,i
  _c say t my leg hurt me1 b my feet6 ,i
 _h nev]  und]gone su* fatigue4 ,) our  
billet = lodg+ we _h !  "r to a corn] ( 
! fire1 b our ho/s also gave u a place  
at ! table4 ,we _h ne>ly always         
butt]milk & potatoes1 &  (t5 fre% l>d on
 a di% ( sau]kraut4 ,! *ildr5 came to   
look at u1 & ! old wom5 ask$ u f :at    

place we came1  & :at our bus9ess 0 be=e
 we left home4 ,! "y girls  look$       
sorr[fully at u1 ?9k+ ( _! swee!>ts1 :o 
_h  gone five1 six1 or sev5 mon?s be=e4 
,!n !y w\ld take u  to ! son's b$4 ,)   
:at pleasure ,i /ret*$ out my tir$      
limbs6 ,h[ ,i wi%$ to sleep all our     
twelve h\rs' halt6 ,b  e>ly 9 ! morn+1  
at day-break1 ! rattl+ ( ! drums  awoke 
me4 ,i gaz$ at ! br[n raft]s ( ! ceil+1 
!  w9d[-panes cov]$ ) fro/1 & ask$      
myself :]e ,i 04  ,!n my he>t w\ld gr[  
cold1 z ,i ?\ght t ,i 0 at  ,bit*e--at  
,kais]slant]n--t ,i 0 a conscript2 & ,i 
_h to  dress fa/ z ,i c\ld1 cat* up my  
knapsack1 & answ] !  roll-call4    ,a   
good j\rney to y6 said ! ho/ess1 awak5$ 
s e>ly 9  ! morn+4    ,?ank y1 repli$ ! 
conscript4    ,& we m>*$ on4    ,yes6 a 
good j\rney to y6 ,!y w n see y aga91   
poor  wret*6 ,h[ _m o!rs h foll[$ ! same
 road6    ,i w nev] =get h[ at          
,kais]slant]n1 ! second day ( our  m>*1 
hav+ un/rapp$ my knapsack to take out a 
:ite %irt1 ,i  discov]$1 b5ea?1 a little

 pocket1 & op5+ x ,i f\nd  fifty-f\r    
francs 9 six-livre pieces4 ,on ! pap]   
wrapp$  ar\nd !m 7 ^! words1 writt5 by  
,monsieur ,g\ld53    ,:ile y are at !   
w>s1 be always good & hone/4 ,?9k (  y\r
 fri5ds & ( ^? = :om y w\ld be will+ to 
sacrifice y\r life1 & treat ! enemy )   
humanity t !y  may s treat our soldi]s4 
,may heav5 guide y1 & protect y  9 y\r  
dang]s6 ,y w f9d "s money inclos$2 = x  
is a  good ?+1 :5 f> f home & all :o    
love y1 to h a  little ( x4 ,write to u 
z (t5 z y c4 ,i embrace y1 my  *ild1 &  
press y to my he>t4    #dec    ,z ,i    
read ?is1 ! te>s =c$ !mselves to my     
eyes1 & ,i  ?\ght1 ,?\ art n :olly      
ab&on$1 ,joseph2 fond he>ts are  ye>n+  
t[>d y4 ,nev] =get _! k9d c\nsels4      
,at la/1 on ! fif? day1 ab\t five       
o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 we  ent]$ ,may5ce4 ,z 
long z ,i live ,i w rememb] x4 ,x 0     
t]ribly cold4 ,we _h begun our m>* at   
e>ly dawn1 &1 long  be=e rea*+ ! city1  
_h pass$ ?r\gh villages fill$ )         
soldi]s--calv>y1 infantry1 dragoons 9 _!

 %ort  jackets--"s digg+ holes 9 ! ice  
to get wat] = _!  horses1 o!rs dragg+   
bundles ( =age to ! doors ( !  /ables2  
p[d]-wagons1 c>ts full ( cannon-balls1  
all :ite  ) fro/1 /ood on e side2       
c\ri]s1 deta*m5ts (  artill]y1          
pontoon-tra9s 7 com+ & go+ ov] ! :ite   
gr\nd2 & no m att5tion 0 paid to u ?an  
if we 7 n  9 exi/5ce4    ,capta9 ,vidal1
 to w>m himself1 _h dism\nt$ & m>*$ )  u
 on foot4 ,! (fic]s & s]geants ha/5$ u  
on4 ,five or  six ,italians _h fall5    
beh9d & rema9$ 9 ! villages1 no  long]  
able to advance4 ,my feet 7 sore &      
burn+1 & at !  la/ halt ,i c\ld sc>cely 
rise to resume ! m>*4 ,! o!rs  f        
,phalsb\rg1 h[ev]1 kept bravely on4     
,night _h fall52 ! sky sp>kl$ ) />s4 ,e 
"o gaz$  =w>d1 & said to 8 comrade1 ,we 
are ne>+ x6 we are  ne>+ x6 = along !   
horizon a d>k l9e ( seem+ cl\d1  glitt]+
 "h & !re ) fla%+ po9ts1 ann\nc$ t a    
great city lay be=e u4    ,at la/ we    
ent]$ ! advanc$ works1 & pass$ ?r\gh !  
zig-zag e>!n ba/ions4 ,!n we dress$ our 

ranks & m>k$  ! /ep1 z we usually did :5
 approa*+ a t[n4 ,at !  corn] ( a sort (
 demilune we saw ! froz5 fosse ( ! city1
  & ! brick ramp>ts t[]+ above1 &       
opposite u an old1  d>k gate1 ) !       
draw-bridge rais$4 ,above /ood a s5t9el1
  :o1 ) 8 musket rais$1 cri$ out3    ,:o
 goes !re8    ,! capta91 go+ =w>d alone1
 repli$3    ,france6    ,:at regim5t8   
,recruits = ! ,six? ( ! ,l9e4    ,a     
sil5ce ensu$4 ,!n ! draw-bridge 0 l[]$1 
& ! gu>d  turn$ out & exam9$ u1 "o ( !m 
c>ry+ a great tor*4  ,capta9 ,vidal1 a  
few paces 9 advance ( u1 spoke to !     
comm&ant ( ! po/1 :o call$ out at l5g?3 
,:5ev] y please4    ,our drums began to 
beat1 b ! capta9 ord]$ !m to cease1  &  
we cross$ a long bridge & pass$ ?r\gh a 
second gate  l ! fir/4 ,!n we 7 9 !     
/reets ( ! city1 :i*  7 pav$ ) smoo?    
r\nd /ones4 ,e "o tri$ 8 be/ to  m>*    
/eadily2 =1 al?\gh x 0 night1 all ! inns
 &  %ops along ! way 7 op5 & _! l>ge    
w9d[s 7  %9+1 & hundr$s ( p 7 pass+ to &
 fro z if x  7 broad day4    ,we turn$  

five or six corn]s & soon arriv$ 9 a    
little op5  place be=e a high b>rack1   
:]e we 7 ord]$ to halt4    ,!re 0 a %$  
at ! corn] ( ! b>rack1 & 9 x a  cant9ire
 seat$ beh9d a small table1 "u a great  
tri-color$ umbrella f :i* hung two      
lant]ns4    ,sev]al (fic]s arriv$ z soon
 z we halt$2 !y 7 !  ,comm&ant ,gmeau & 
"s o!rs :om ,i h s9ce kn[n4 ,!y  press$ 
our capta9's h& laugh+1 !n look$ at u & 
ord]$ ! roll to be call$4  #ded  ,aft]  
t1 we ea* receiv$ a ration ( bread & a  
billet =  lodg+4 ,we 7 told t roll-call 
w\ld take place ! next  morn+ at eight  
o'clock = ! di/ribution ( arms1 & !n  we
 7 ord]$ to break ranks1 :ile ! (fic]s  
turn$ up a  /reet to ! left & w5t into a
 great c(fee-h\se1 !  entrance to :i* 0 
approa*$ by a flight ( fifte5 /eps4     
,b we1 ) our billets = lodg+--:at 7 we  
to d )  !m 9 ! middle ( su* a city1 &1  
above all1 ! ,italians1  :o did n "k a  
^w ei!r ( ,g]man or ,fr5*8    ,my fir/  
idea 0 to see ! cant9ire "u h]          
umbrella4 ,%e 0 an old ,alsatian1 r\nd &

 *ubby1 &1 :5 ,i  ask$ = !              
,cap\gn]-,/rasse1 %e repli$3    ,:at w y
 pay =8    ,i 0 oblig$ to take a glass (
 eau-de-vie ) h]2 !n  %e said3    ,look 
j opposite !re2 if y turn ! fir/ corn]  
to !  "r1 y w f9d ! ,cap\gn]-,/rasse4   
,good ev5+1  conscript4    ,%e laugh$4  
,fur/ & ,zbd' 7 also billet$ 9 !        
,cap\gn]-,/rasse & we set out1 glad     
en\gh to be able  to limp toge!r ?r\gh !
 /range city4    ,fur/ fir/ f\nd 8 h\se1
 b x 0 %ut2 & :ile he 0  knock+ at !    
door1 ,i f\nd m9e1 :i* _h a light 9 two 
w9d[s4 ,i pu%$ at ! door1 x op5$1 & ,i  
ent]$ a d>k  alley1 :5ce came a smell ( 
fre% bread1 :i* 0 v  welcome4 ,zbd _h to
 g fur!r on4    ,i call$ out 9 ! alley3 
,is any "o "h8    ,!n an old woman      
appe>$ ) a c&le at ! top ( a wood5      
/aircase4    ,:at d y want8 %e ask$4    
,i told h] t ,i 0 billet$ at h] h\se4   
,%e came  d[n-/airs1 &1 look+ at my     
billet1 told me 9 ,g]man to  foll[ h]4  
,i asc5d$ ! /airs4 ,pass+ an op5 door1  
,i saw two m5 at  "w be=e an ov54 ,i 01 

!n1 at a bak]'s1 & ?is  acc\nt$ = ! old 
woman be+ up s late4 ,%e wore a cap )   
black ribbons2 h] arms 7 b>e to ! elb[s2
 %e1 too1 _h  be5 work+1 & seem$ v      
sorr[ful4    ,y come late1 %e said4     
,we 7 m>*+ all day1 ,i repli$1 & ,i am  
fa9t+ )  hung] & we>9ess4    ,%e look$  
at me & murmur$3    ,poor *ild6 poor    
*ild6    ,y\r feet are sore1 said %e2   
take (f y\r %oes & put on  ^! sabots4   
,%e put ! c&le ^u ! table & w5t out4 ,i 
took (f my  %oes4 ,my feet 7 bli/]$ &   
ble$+1 & pa9$ me  horribly1 & ,i felt = 
! mom5t z if x w\ld almo/ be  bett] to  
die at once ?an to cont9ue 9 su* suff]+4
    ,?is ?\ght _h m ?an once aris5 to my
 m9d 9 ! m>*1  b n[1 be=e t good fire1  
,i felt s worn1 s mis]able1  t ,i w\ld  
gladly h laid myself d[n to sleep = ev]1
  not)/&+ ,ca?>9e1 ,aunt ,grdel1 & all  
:o lov$ me4  ,truly1 ,i ne$$ ,god's     
assi/ance4    ,:ile ^! ?\ghts 7 runn+   
?r\gh my head1 ! door  op5$1 & a tall1  
/\t man1 gray-hair$1 b yet /rong &      
heal?y1 ent]$4 ,he 0 "o ( ^? ,i _h se5  

at "w bel[1  & held 9 8 h&s a bottle (  
w9e & two glasses4    ,good ev5+6 said  
he gravely & k9dly4    ,i look$ up4 ,!  
old woman 0 beh9d him4 ,%e 0 c>ry+ a    
little wood5 tub1 :i*1 %e plac$ on !    
floor ne> my *air4    #dee    ,take a   
foot-ba?1 said %e2 x w d y good4    ,?is
 k9dness1 on ! "p ( a /rang]1 affect$ me
 m ?an ,i  c>$ to %[4 ,i took (f my     
/ock+s2 my feet 7 ble$+1  & ! good old  
dame repeat$1 z %e gaz$ at !m3    ,poor 
*ild6 poor *ild6    ,! man ask$ me :5ce 
,i came4 ,i told him f ,phalsb\rg 9     
,lorra9e4 ,!n he told 8 wife to br+ "s  
bread1 add+ t1  aft] we _h tak5 a glass 
( w9e toge!r1 he w\ld leave me to  !    
repose ,i ne$$ s mu*4    ,he pu%$ !     
table be=e me1 z ,i sat ) my feet 9 !   
ba?1  & we ea* dra9$ a glass ( good :ite
 w9e4 ,! old woman  return$ ) "s hot    
bread1 ov] :i* %e _h spread fre%1       
half-melt$ butt]4 ,!n ,i knew h[ hungry 
,i 04 ,i 0 almo/  ill4 ,! good p saw my 
eag]ness = food2 = ! woman  said3       
,be=e eat+1 my *ild1 y mu/ take y\r feet

 out ( !  ba?4    ,%e knelt d[n & dri$  
my feet ) h] apron be=e ,i knew  :at %e 
0 ab\t to d4 ,i cri$3    ,good ,heav5s6 
madame2 y treat me z if ,i 7 y\r son4   
,%e repli$1 aft] a mom5t's m\rnful      
sil5ce3    ,we h a son 9 ! army4    ,h] 
voice trembl$ z %e spoke4 ,i ?\ght (    
,ca?>9e & ,aunt  ,grdel1 & c\ld n speak 
aga94 ,i ate & drank ) a  pleasure ,i   
nev] be=e felt 9 do+ s4 ,! two old p sat
  gaz+ k9dly on me1 &1 :5 ,i _h f9i%$1 !
 man said3    ,yes1 we h a son 9 ! army2
 he w5t to ,russia la/ ye>1 &  we h n   
s9ce he>d f him4 ,^! w>s are t]rible6   
,he spoke dreamily1 z if to himself1 all
 ! :ile walk+ up &  d[n ! room1 8 h&s   
cross$ beh9d 8 back4 ,my eyes began  to 
close1 :5 he said sudd5ly3    ,come1    
wife4 ,good night1 conscript4    ,!y w5t
 out toge!r1 %e c>ry+ ! tub4    ,god    
rew>d y1 ,i cri$1 & br+ y\r son safe    
home6    ,9 a m9ute ,i 0 undress$1 &1   
s9k+ on ! b$1 ,i 0  almo/ imm$iately    
buri$ 9 a deep sleep4                   
,,ix4    ,! next morn+ ,i awoke at ab\t 

sev5 o'clock4 ,a trumpet 0  s\nd+ !     
recall at ! corn] ( ! /reet2 horses1    
wagons1  & m5 & wom5 on foot1 7 hurry+  
pa/ ! h\se4 ,my feet  7 yet some:at     
sore1 b no?+ to :at !y _h be52 &  :5 ,i 
_h dress$1 ,i felt l a new man1 & ?\ght 
to myself3    ,joseph1 if ?is cont9ues1 
y w soon be a soldi]4 ,x is  only ! fir/
 /ep t co/s4    ,! bak]'s wife _h put my
 %oes to dry be=e ! fire1 aft]  fill+ !m
 ) hot a%es1 to keep !m f gr[+ h>d4 ,!y 
7 well greas$ & %9+4    ,!n ,i buckl$ on
 my knapsack1 & hurri$ out1 )\t hav+  "t
 to ?ank ^? good p--a duty ,i int5d$ to 
fulfil  aft] roll-call4    ,at ! end ( !
 /reet--on ! ,place--_m ( our ,italians 
7  already wait+1 %iv]+ ar\nd ! f\nta94 
,fur/1 ,klipfel1  & ,zbd arriv$ a mom5t 
aft]4    ,cannon & _! caissons cov]$ "o 
entire side ( ! ,place4  ,horses 7 be+  
br\ght to wat]1 l$ by huss>s & dragoons4
  ,opposite u 7 cavalry b>racks1 high z 
! *ur* at  ,phalsb\rg1 :ile ar\nd ! o!r 
?ree sides rose old h\ses  ) sculptur$  
gables1 l ^? at ,sav]ne1 b mu* l>g]4    

#def  ,i _h nev] se5 any?+ l all ?is1 & 
:ile ,i /ood gaz+  ar\nd1 ! drums began 
to beat1 & ea* man took 8 place 9  !    
ranks1 & we 7 in=m$1 fir/ 9 ,italian &  
!n 9  ,fr5*1 t we 7 ab\t to receive our 
arms1 & ea* "o 0  ord]$ to /& =? z 8 "n 
0 call$4    ,! wagons conta9+ ! arms n[ 
came up1 & ! call began4  ,ea* receiv$ a
 c>t\*e box1 a sabre1 a bayonet1 & a    
musket4  ,we put !m on z well z we c\ld1
 ov] our bl\ses1 coats1 or  great-coats1
 & we look$1 ) our hats1 our caps1 & our
  arms1 l a v]itable b& ( b&itti4 ,my   
musket 0 s long  & heavy t ,i c\ld      
sc>cely c>ry x2 & ! ,s]geant ,p9to  %[$ 
me h[ to buckle on ! c>t\*e-box4 ,he 0 a
 f9e  fell[1 ,p9to4    ,s _m belts      
cross+ my *e/ made me feel z if ,i c\ld 
sc>cely brea!1 & ,i saw at once t my    
mis]ies _h n yet  end$4    ,aft] ! arms1
 an ammunition-wagon advanc$1 & !y      
di/ribut$ fifty r\nds ( c>tridges to ea*
 man4 ,?is 0 no  pleasant augury4 ,!n1  
in/ead ( ord]+ u to break ranks &       
return to our lodg+s1 ,capta9 ,vidal    

drew 8 sabre & %\t$3    ,by file        
"r--m>*6    ,! drums began to beat4 ,i 0
 griev$ at n be+ able to ?ank  my ho/s =
 _! k9dness1 & ?\ght t !y w\ld consid]  
me ungrateful4 ,b t did n prev5t my     
foll[+ ! l9e (  m>*4    ,we pass$ ?r\gh 
a long w9d+ /reet1 & soon f\nd ourselves
  )\t ! glacis1 & ne> ! froz5 ,rh9e4    
,across ! riv]  high hills appe>$1 & on 
! hills1 old1 gray1 ru9$ ca/les1  l ^? (
 ,haut-,bas & ,g]oldseck 9 ! ,vosges4   
,! battalion desc5d$ to ! riv]-bank1 &  
cross$ ^u !  ice4 ,! sc5e 0             
magnific5t--dazzl+4 ,we 7 n alone on  ! 
ice2 five or six hundr$ paces be=e u 0 a
 baggage-tra9  on ! way to ,frank=t4    
,cross+ ! riv]1 we cont9u$ our  m>*     
?r\gh ! m\nta9s4 ,sometimes we discov]$ 
villages 9  ! defiles2 & ,zbd1 :o 0 next
 to me1 said3    ,z we _h to leave home1
 ,i w\ld r g z a soldi] ?an  o!rwise4   
,at lea/ we %all see some?+ new e day1  
&1 if  we are lucky en\gh ev] to return1
 h[ mu* we w h to talk  (6    ,yes1 said
 ,i2 b ,i w\ld l bett] to h less to talk

  ab\t1 & to live quietly1 toil+ on my  
own acc\nt & n on  acc\nt ( o!rs1 :o    
rema9 safe at home :ile we climb ab\t   
"h on ! ice4    ,y d n c>e = glory1 said
 he2 & yet glory is a gr&  ?+4    ,yes2 
! glory ( fight+ & los+ our lives =     
o!rs1 &  be+ call$ lazy idl]s & drunk>ds
 :5 we get home aga94 ,i  w\ld r h ^!   
fri5ds ( glory g fight !mselves1 &      
leave u to rema9 9 peace at home4       
,well1 he repli$1 ,i ?9k mu* z y d2 b1 z
 we are  =c$ to fight1 we may z well    
make ! mo/ ( x4 ,if we g  ab\t look+    
mis]able1 p w laugh at u4    ,conv]s+   
?us1 we rea*$ a l>ge riv]1 :i*1 !       
s]geant  told u1 0 ! ,ma91 & ne> x1 ^u  
our road1 0 a little  village4 ,we did n
 "k ! "n ( ! village1 b !re we  halt$4  
,we ent]$ ! h\ses1 & ^? :o c\ld b\ght "s
 br&y1  w9e1 & bread4 ,^? :o _h no money
 crun*$ _! ration (  biscuit1 & gaz$    
wi/fully at _! m =tunate comrades4      
#deg    ,ab\t six 9 ! ev5+ we arriv$ at 
,frank=t1 :i* is a city  yet old] ?an   
,may5ce1 & full ( ,jews4 ,!y took u to !

  b>racks ( ! ,t5? ,huss>s1 :]e our     
,capta91 ,flor5t91 &  ! two ,lieut5ants1
 ,clavel & ,bretonville1 await$ u4      
,x4    ,at ,frank=t ,i began to le>n a  
soldi]'s duty 9 e>ne/4 ,up to  t "t ,i  
_h be5 b a simple conscript4 ,i d n     
speak  m]ely ( drill--t is only an      
affair ( a mon? or two1 if a  man really
 desires to le>n2 b ,i speak (          
discipl9e--(  rememb]+ t ! corporal is  
always 9 ! "r :5 he  speaks to a private
 soldi]1 ! s]geant :5 he speaks to !    
corporal1 ! s]geant-major :5 speak+ to !
 s]geant1 !  second lieut5ant :5 he     
ord]s ! s]geant-major1 & s on to  !     
,m>%al ( ,france--ev5 if ! sup]ior      
ass]ts t two &  two make five1 or t !   
moon %9es at midday4    ,?is is v       
difficult to le>n2 b !re is "o ?+ t     
assi/s y imm5sely1 & t is a sort (      
plac>d hung up 9  e room 9 ! b>racks1 & 
:i* is f "t to "t read  to y4 ,?is      
plac>d presupposes ev]y?+ t a soldi]    
might  wi% to d1 z1 = in/ance1 to return
 home1 to refuse to s]ve1  to resi/ 8   

(fic]1 & always ends by speak+ ( dea? or
 at  lea/ five ye>s ) a ball & *a94     
,! day aft] our arrival at ,frank=t ,i  
wrote to ,monsieur  ,g\ld51 to ,ca?>9e1 
& to ,aunt ,grdel4 ,i told !m t ,i 0  9 
good heal?1 = :i* ,i ?ank$ ,god1 & t ,i 
0 ev5  /rong] ?an be=e ,i left home1 &  
s5t !m a ?\s&  remembrances4 ,our       
,phalsb\rg conscripts1 :o saw me writ+1 
made  me add a few words = ea* ( _!     
families4 ,i wrote also to  ,may5ce1 to 
! good c\ple ( ! ,cap\gn]-,/rasse1 :o   
_h be5 s k9d to me1 tell+ !m h[ ,i 0 =c$
 to m>*  )\t be+ able to ?ank !m1 & ask+
 _! =giv5ess  = s do+4    ,t day1 9 !   
aft]noon1 we receiv$ our uni=ms4 ,doz5s 
(  ,jews made _! appe>ance & b\ght our  
old clo!s4 ,!  ,italians _h great       
difficulty 9 mak+ ^! respectable        
m]*ants compreh5d _! wi%es1 b ! ,g5oese 
7 z  cunn+ z ! ,jews1 & _! b>ga9+s la/$ 
until night4  ,our corporals receiv$ m  
?an "o glass ( w9e2 x 0 policy  to make 
fri5ds ( !m1 = morn+ & ev5+ !y taught u 
! drill 9 ! sn[-cov]$ y>d4 ,! cant9ire  

,*ri/9e 0 always at h] po/ ) a w>m+-pan 
"u h]  feet4 ,%e took "y m5 ( good      
family into special favor1 &  ! "y m5 ( 
good family 7 all ^? :o sp5t _! money   
freely4 ,poor fools6 ,h[ _m ( !m p>t$ ) 
_! la/  s\ 9 return = h] mis]able       
flatt]y6 ,:5 t 0  gone1 !y 7 m]e begg>s2
 b vanity rules all1 f  conscripts to   
g5]als4    ,all ?is "t recruits 7       
con/antly arriv+ f ,france1 &           
ambulances full ( w\nd$ f ,pol&4        
,klipfel1 ,zbd1 ,fur/1  & ,i (t5 w5t to 
see ^! poor wret*es1 & nev] did we see  
m5 s mis]ably clad4 ,"s wore jackets :i*
 once belong$ to  ,cossacks1 cru%$      
%akos1 wom5's dresses1 & _m _h only     
h&k]*iefs w\nd ar\nd _! feet 9 lieu (   
%oes &  /ock+s4 ,!y gave u a hi/ory ( ! 
retreat f ,mosc[1 &  !n we knew t !     
tw5ty-n9? bullet9 told only tru?4       
#deh    ,^! /ories enrag$ our m5 aga9/ !
 ,russians1 & we long$  = ! w> to beg9  
aga94 ,i 0 at times almo/ ov]come )     
wra? aft] he>+ "s tale ( horror2 & ev5 !
 ?\ght  t ^! ,russians 7 def5d+ _!      

families1 _! homes1  all t man holds mo/
 de>1 c\ld sc>cely recall me to a "r    
frame ( m9d4 ,we hat$ !m = def5d+       
!mselves2 we w\ld  h despis$ !m _h !y n 
done s4 ,b ab\t ?is "t an  extraord9>y  
ev5t occurr$4    ,y mu/ "k t my comrade1
 ,zbd'1 0 ! son ( !  grav$igg] (        
,phalsb\rg1 & sometimes betwe5 ourselves
 we  call$ him ,grav$igg]4 ,?is he took 
9 good "p f u2 b  "o ev5+ aft] drill1 z 
he 0 cross+ ! y>d1 a huss>  cri$ out3   
,halloo1 ,grav$igg]6 help me to drag 9  
^! bundles ( /raw4    ,zbd1 turn+ ab\t1 
repli$3    ,my "n is n ,grav$igg]1 & y c
 drag 9 y\r own /raw4  ,d y take me = a 
fool8    ,!n ! o!r cri$1 9 a /ill l\d]  
tone3    ,conscript1 y _h bett] come1 or
 bew>e6    ,zbd1 ) 8 great hook$ nose1 8
 gray eyes & ?9 lips1  nev] bore too    
good a "* = mildness4 ,he w5t up to !   
huss> & ask$3    ,:at is t y say8    ,i 
tell y to take up ^? bundles ( /raw1 &  
quickly1 too4  ,d y he>1 conscript8     
,he 0 q an old man1 ) mu/a*es & r$1 bu%y
 :isk]s4  ,zbd seiz$ "o ( ! latt]1 b    

receiv$ two bl[s 9 !  face4 ,nev]!less1 
a fi/-full ( ! :isk] rema9$ 9 8  grasp1 
&1 z ! dispute _h attract$ a cr[d to !  
spot1 !  huss> %ook 8 f+]1 say+3    ,y w
 he> f me to-morr[1 conscript4    ,v    
good1 return$ ,zbd2 we %all see4 ,y w   
probably  he> f me too1 vet]an4    ,he  
came imm$iately aft] to tell me all ?is1
 & ,i1 kn[+  t he _h nev] h&l$ a weapon 
m w>like ?an a pickaxe1  c\ld n help    
trembl+ = him4    ,li/51 ,zbd1 ,i said2 
all t !re n[ rema9s = y to  d1 s9ce y d 
n want to des]t1 is to ask p>don ( ?is  
old  fell[2 = ^? vet]ans all "k "s      
fe>ful tricks ( f5ce  :i* !y h br\ght f 
,egypt or ,spa91 or some:]e else4  ,if y
 wi%1 ,i w l5d y a cr[n to pay = a      
bottle ( w9e  to make up ! qu>rel4    ,b
 he1 knitt+ 8 br[s1 w\ld he> none ( ?is4
    ,r ?an beg 8 p>don1 said he1 ,i w\ld
 g & hang  myself4 ,i laugh him & 8     
comrades to scorn4 ,if he has tricks  ( 
f5ce1 ,i h a long arm1 t w drive my     
sabre ?r\gh 8  bones z easily z 8 w     
p5etrate my fle%4    ,! ?\ght ( ! bl[s  

made him ins5sible to reason2 & soon    
,*azy1 ! maitre d'armes1 ,corporal      
,fleury1 ,klipfel1  ,fur/1 & ,leg]      
arriv$4 ,!y all said t ,zbd 0 9 !  "r1 &
 ! maitre d'armes add$ t blood alone    
c\ld  wa% out ! /a9 ( a bl[2 t ! honor (
 ! recruits  requir$ ,zbd to fight4     
,zbd answ]$ pr\dly t ! m5 ( ,phalsb\rg  
_h nev]  fe>$ ! sight ( a little blood1 
& t he 0 ready4 ,!n  ! maitre d'armes   
w5t to see our ,capta91 ,flor5t91 :o  0 
"o ( ! mo/ magnific5t m5                
imag9able--tall1  well-=m$1             
broad-%\ld]$1 ) regul> features1 & !    
,cross1 :i* ! ,emp]or _h himself giv5   
him at ,eylau4 ,!  capta9 ev5 w5t fur!r 
?an ! maitre d'armes2 he  ?\ght x w\ld  
set ! conscripts a good example1 & t if 
,zbd refus$ to fight he w\ld be unwor?y 
to rema9 9 !  ,?ird ,battalion ( ! ,six?
 ( ! ,l9e4    #dei    ,all t night ,i   
c\ld n close my eyes4 ,i he>d ! deep    
brea?+ ( my poor comrade z he slept1 &  
,i ?\ght3 ,poor  ,zbd6 ano!r day1 & y w 
brea! no m4 ,i %udd]$  to ?9k h[ ne> ,i 

0 to a man s ne> dea?4 ,at la/1 z day   
broke1 ,i fell asleep1 :5 sudd5ly ,i    
felt a cold bla/ ( w9d  /rike me4 ,i    
op5$ my eyes1 & !re ,i saw ! old huss>4 
,he  _h lift$ up ! cov]lid ( our b$1 &  
said z ,i awoke3    ,up1 slugg>d6 ,i w  
%[ y :at mann] ( man y /ruck4  ,zbd rose
 tranquilly1 say+3 ,i 0 asleep1 vet]an2 
,i 0  asleep4    ,! o!r1 he>+ himself   
?us mock+ly call$ vet]an1 w\ld  h fall5 
^u my comrade 9 8 b$2 b two tall fell[s 
:o  s]v$ him z seconds held him back1 &1
 besides1 ! ,phalsb\rg  m5 7 !re4       
,quick1 quick6 ,hurry6 cri$ ! old huss>4
    ,b ,zbd dress$ himself calmly1 )\t  
any ha/e4 ,aft] a  mom5t's sil5ce1 he   
said3    ,h we p]mission to g outside   
our qu>t]s1 old fell[s8    ,!re is room 
en\gh = u 9 ! y>d1 repli$ "o ( !        
huss>s4 ,zbd put on 8 great-coat1 &1    
turn+ to me1 said3    ,joseph1 & y1     
,klipfel1 ,i *oose y = my seconds4    ,b
 ,i %ook my head4    ,well1 !n1 ,fur/1  
said he4    ,! :ole p>ty desc5d$ ! /airs
 toge!r4 ,i ?\ght ,zbd  0 lo/1 & ?\ght x

 h>d t n only mu/ ! ,russians &         
,prussians seek our lives1 b t we mu/   
seek ea* o!r's4    ,all ! m5 9 ! room   
cr[d$ to ! w9d[s4 ,i alone rema9$       
beh9d1 ^u my b$4 ,at ! end ( five m9utes
 ! cla% (  sabres made my he>t almo/    
cease to beat2 ! blood seem$ no  long]  
to fl[ ?r\gh my ve9s4    ,b ?is did n   
la/ long2 = sudd5ly ,klipfel exclaim$1  
,t\*$6    ,!n ,i made my way--,i "k n   
h[--to a w9d[1 &1 look+  ov] ! heads ( !
 o!rs1 saw ! old huss> lean+ aga9/  !   
wall1 & ,zbd ris+1 8 sabre all dripp+ ) 
blood4  ,he _h fall5 ^u 8 knees dur+ !  
fight1 &1 :ile ! old  man's sword pi]c$ 
! air j above 8 %\ld]1 he plung$  8     
blade into ! huss>'s brea/4 ,if he _h n 
slipp$1 he  himself w\ld h be5 run ?r\gh
 & ?r\gh4    ,! huss> sank at ! foot ( !
 wall4 ,8 seconds lift$ him  9 _! arms1 
:ile ,zbd1 pale z a corpse1 gaz$ at 8   
bloody sabre4    ,& s1 = a few ?\ghtless
 words1 0 a s\l s5t to meet its  ,mak]4 
,,xi4    ,! ev5ts ( ! prec$+ *apt]      
happ5$ on ! eighte5? (  ,febru>y4 ,!    

same day we receiv$ ord]s to pack our   
knapsacks1  & left ,frank=t =           
,selig5/adt1 :]e we rema9$ until !      
eigh? ( ,m>*1 by :i* "t all ! recruits 7
 well  in/ruct$ 9 ! use ( ! musket & !  
s*ool ( !  platoon4 ,f ,selig5/adt we   
w5t to ,s*we9heim1 & on !  tw5ty-f\r? ( 
,m>*1 #ahac1 jo9$ ! division at         
,as*aff5b\rg1 :]e ,m>%al ,ney pass$ u 9 
review4    ,! capta9 ( ! company 0 nam$ 
,flor5t92 ! lieut5ant1  ,bretonville2 ! 
comm&ant ( ! battalion1 ,gemeau2 !      
colonel1 ,zapfel1 ! g5]al ( brigade1    
,lad\cette2 & !  g5]al ( division1      
,sonham4 ,^! are ?+s t e soldi]  %\ld   
"k4    #dfj    ,! melt+ ( ! sn[s began  
ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*1 & on  ! day ( !   
review ! ra9 did n cease fall+ f t5 9  !
 morn+ until ?ree 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! wat] 
ran ov] our  %oes1 & e mom5t1 to keep u 
bright5$ up1 ! ord] rang  out3    ,c>ry 
arms6 ,%\ld] arms6    ,! ,m>%al advanc$ 
sl[ly1 surr\nd$ by 8 /aff4 ,:at  consol$
 ,zbd 01 t we 7 ab\t to see ! brave/ (  
! brave4 ,i ?\ght t if ,i c\ld only get 

a place at !  corn] ( a good fire1 ,i   
w\ld gladly =ego t pleasure4    ,at la/ 
he arriv$ 9 front ( u1 & ,i c yet see   
him1 )  8 *apeau dripp+ ) ra91 8 blue   
coat cov]$ )  embroid]y & decorations1 &
 8 great boots4 ,he 0 a  h&some1 florid 
man1 ) a %ort nose & sp>kl+ eyes4 ,he   
did n seem at all haughty2 =1 z he pass$
 our company1 :o  pres5t$ arms1 he turn$
 sudd5ly 9 8 saddle & said3    ,hold6 ,x
 is ,flor5t96    ,!n ! capta9 /ood      
erect1 n kn[+ :at to reply4 ,x  seem$ t 
! ,m>%al & he _h be5 simple soldi]s     
toge!r  9 ! "t ( ! republic4 ,! capta9  
at la/ answ]$3    ,yes1 ,m>%al2 x is    
,seba/ian ,flor5t94    ,ma foi1         
,flor5t91 said ! ,m>%al1 ext5d+ 8 arm   
t[>d ,russia1 ,i am glad to see y aga94 
,i ?\ght we _h left  y !re4    ,all our 
company felt honor$1 & ,zbd said3    ,t 
is :at ,i call a man4 ,i w\ld spill my  
blood = him4    ,i c\ld n see :y ,zbd   
%\ld wi% to spill 8 blood because  !    
,m>%al _h spok5 a few words to an old   
comrade4    ,at ,s*we9heim1 our beef &  

mutton & bread 7 v good1 z  0 also our  
w9e4 ,b _m ( our m5 pret5d$ to f9d fault
  ) ev]y?+1 ?9k+ ?us to pass = p (      
consequ5ce4  ,!y 7 mi/ak52 = m ?an once 
,i he>d ! citiz5s say  9 ,g]man3    ,^? 
fell[s1 9 _! own c\ntry1 7 only begg>s4 
,if !y  return$ to ,france1 !y w\ld f9d 
only potatoes to live ^u4    ,& !       
b\rgeois 7 q "r2 & ,i always f\nd  t p s
 difficult to please abroad 7 b poor    
wret*es  at home4 ,= my "p1 ,i 0 well   
cont5t to meet su* good f>e4  ,two      
conscripts 7 billet$ ) me at ! h\se ( ! 
village  po/ma/]1 :51 on ! ev5+ ( ! f\r?
 day1 z we 7  f9i%+ our supp]1 an old   
man 9 a black great-coat came 94  ,8    
hair 0 :ite1 & 8 mi5 & appe>ance neat & 
respectable4 ,he salut$ u1 & !n said to 
! ma/] ( !  h\se1 9 ,g]man3    ,^! are  
recruits8    ,yes1 ,monsieur ,/5g]1     
repli$ ! o!r2 we w nev] be rid  ( !m4   
,if ,i c\ld poison !m all1 x w\ld be a  
good de$4    ,i turn$ quietly1 & said3  
,i und]/& ,g]man2 d n speak 9 su* a     
mann]4    ,! po/ma/]'s pipe fell f 8 h&4

    ,y are v imprud5t 9 y\r spee*1      
,monsieur ,kalkreu?1 said  ! old man2 if
 o!rs beside ?is "y man _h und]/ood y1  
y "k :at w\ld happ54    ,x is only my   
way ( talk+1 repli$ ! po/ma/]4 ,:at c  y
 expect8 ,:5 ev]y?+ is tak5 f y--:5 y   
are  robb$1 ye> aft] ye>--x is b natural
 t y %\ld at  la/ speak bitt]ly4    #dfa
    ,! old man1 :o 0 none o!r ?an !     
pa/or ( ,s*we9heim1  !n said to me3     
,monsieur1 y\r mann] ( act+ is t ( an   
hone/ man2  believe me t ,monsieur      
,kalkreu? is incapable ( su* a  de$--(  
do+ evil ev5 to our enemies4    ,i d    
believe x1 sir1 ,i repli$1 or ,i %\ld n 
eat s  he>tily ( ^! sausages4    ,!     
po/ma/]1 he>+ ^! words1 began to laugh1 
&1 9 !  excess ( 8 joy1 cri$3    ,i w\ld
 nev] h ?\ght t a ,fr5*man c\ld h made  
me  laugh2 & br++ out a bottle ( w9e1 we
 drank x toge!r4  ,x 0 ! la/ "t we met2 
= :ile we *att$ ov] our w9e1  ! ord] to 
m>* came4    ,& n[ ! :ole army 0 mov+1  
advanc+ on ,erfurt4 ,our  s]geants kept 
repeat+1 ,we are ne>+ !m6 !re w be hot  

"w soon2 & we ?\ght1 ,s mu* ! bett]6 t  
^?  begg>ly ,prussians & ,russians _h   
drawn _! fate ^u  !mselves4 ,if !y _h   
rema9$ quiet1 we w\ld h be5 yet 9       
,france4    ,^! ?\ghts embitt]$ u all   
t[>ds ! enemy1 &1 z we  meet ev]y:]e p  
:o seem to rejoice only 9 fight+1       
,klipfel & ,zbd talk$ only ( ! pleasure 
x w\ld give !m  to meet ! ,prussians2 & 
,i1 n to seem less c\rage\s ?an  !y1    
adopt$ ! same /ra94    ,on ! eigh? (    
,april1 ! battalion ent]$ ,erfurt1 & ,i 
w  nev] =get h[1 :5 we broke ranks be=e 
! b>racks1 a  package ( lett]s 0 h&$ to 
! s]geant ( ! company4  ,among ! numb] 0
 "o = me1 & ,i recogniz$1 ,ca?>9e's     
writ+ at once4 ,zbd took my musket1     
tell+ me to read x1  = he1 too1 0 glad  
to he> f home4    ,i put x 9 my pocket1 
& all our ,phalsb\rg m5 foll[$ me to    
he> x1 b ,i only comm5c$ :5 ,i 0 quietly
 seat$ on my b$  9 ! b>racks1 :ile !y   
cr[d$ ar\nd4 ,te>s roll$ d[n my  *eeks z
 %e told me h[ %e rememb]$ & pray$ = !  
f>-(f conscript4    ,my comrades1 z ,i  

read1 exclaim$3    ,& we are sure t !re 
are "s at home to pray = u1  too4    ,"o
 spoke ( 8 "m1 ano!r ( 8 si/]s1 & ano!r 
(  8 swee!>t4    ,at ! end ( ! lett]1   
,monsieur ,g\ld5 add$ a few words1      
tell+ me t all our fri5ds 7 well1 & t ,i
 %\ld take  c\rage1 = our tr\bles c\ld n
 la/ = ev]4 ,he *>g$ me  to be sure to  
tell my comrades t _! fri5ds ?\ght ( !m 
& compla9$ ( n hav+ receiv$ a ^w f !m4  
,?is lett] 0 a consolation to u all4 ,we
 knew t be=e _m  days pass$ we mu/ be on
 ! field ( battle1 & x seem$ a  la/     
f>ewell f home4          ,to ,be        
,cont9u$4    --------    #dfb           
,be?lehem--,a ,pilgrimage4              
,be?lehem1 :]e 0 born ! ,r$eem] ( ! _w1 
is "o (  ! holie/ spots ( e>?1 & to x ! 
?\ghts ( !  ,*ri/ian turn ) con/ant     
delight4 ,! ev5ts 9 ! life (  our ,"l   
:i* give to ,j]usalem its supreme int]e/
 are mo/ly  ( a sadd5+ "*1 br++ to      
recollection ! suff]+s  ( ,jesus = !    
salvation ( 8 p2 &1 :]ev] we turn  9 !  
city ( ! ,great ,k+1 we are rem9d$ ( !  

,man (  ,sorr[s1 & ! contradiction (    
s9n]s :i* he endur$4 ,b  ,be?lehem has  
o!r associations2 & ! pilgrim to ! sacr$
  %r9es c "h p\r out 8 s\l 9 joyful     
gratitude & love1  = he is :]e ,god's   
inf9ite m]cy 0 made evid5t to ,jew &    
,g5tile1 & ! ,savi\r ( ! _w 0 fir/ se5  
by ^? he  came to r$eem4    ,on ! #cj? (
 ,janu>y1 #ahff1 ,i rea*$ ,j]usalem 9   
company )  my fri5d ! ,rev]5d ,fa!r     
,wadhams1 ( ,albany4 ,we _h br\ght      
lett]s f ,rome to 8 excell5cy ! ,patri>*
 ( ,j]usalem1  & to ! rev]5dissimo      
sup]ior ( ! ,franciscans at !  conv5t ( 
,san ,salvador4 ,! ,franciscan monks h  
*>ge ( all  ! sacr$ places 9 ! ,holy    
,l&4 ,we 7 mo/ k9dly receiv$  by !      
patri>* & ! sup]ior ( ! conv5t2 & !     
latt]  n only (f]$ u ! hospitality ( !  
,casa ,nuova1 7:]e all  ! ,ca?olic      
pilgrims lodge17 b gave p]mission = "o (
 !  prie/s to be our companion &        
att5dant e day4 ,! company  ( ?is good  
fa!r1 ) :i* we 7 con/antly favor$ dur+  
our /ay 9 ,j]usalem1 0 ( ine/imable     

value4 ,he knew all  ab\t ! sacr$       
localities1 hav+ be5 six ye>s a resid5t 
9  ! ,holy ,l&4 ,he 0 f ,irel&1 & ! only
 "o 9 !  community :o spoke ,engli%1 !  
o!rs be+ ,italians4    ,on ,sexagesima  
,sunday1 ,fa!r ,wadhams1 ,fa!r ,luigi1 &
 !  writ] ( ?is sket* walk$ to          
,be?lehem1 a di/ance ( six  miles4      
,leav+ ,j]usalem by ! ,jaffa gate1 we   
turn$ s\?w>d4  ,hav+ cross$ ! valley (  
,gihon1 aft] a %ort di/ance !  pa?way 0 
on level gr\nd1 ov] ! pla9 ( ,rephaim1  
:]e  ,k+ ,david ga9$ 8 victory ov] !    
,phili/9es4 ,beyond ?is1  9 ! middle ( !
 road1 is a well or ci/]n1 hav+ ar\nd x 
"s l>ge r\gh /ones4 ,!re is a tradition 
t1 z ! wise  m5 f ! ea/ 7 go+ f         
,j]usalem to ,be?lehem 9  se>* ( !      
new-born ,k+ ( ! ,jews1 ! /> :i* _h     
guid$ !m 9 ! e>ly "p ( _! j\rney f home1
 b _h  disappe>$ z !y drew ne> ! =m]    
city1 0 se5 reflect$  9 ! wat] at ?is   
spot4 ,c]ta9 x is t1 ei!r "h or  )9 a   
%ort di/ance1 !y 7 favor$ once m ) !    
guidance ( ! /> :i* l$ !m to ! place1 & 

/ood /ill  ov] :]e ! *ild ,jesus 04     
,ab\t half-way betwe5 ,j]usalem &       
,be?lehem is ! ,greek  mona/]y ( !      
,prophet ,elijah4 ,x is said he once    
re/$ "h4  ,f ?is neighborhood we c see  
,j]usalem on ! nor? &  ,be?lehem on !   
s\?2 & ?us ! two holie/ places 9 !  _w  
are visible to ! pilgrim at once4 ,be=e 
we g on to !  city ( ! ,nativity1 let u 
pause a few mom5ts to recollect !       
hi/ory ( ! place & obs]ve its appe>ance 
f a di/ance4    #dfc    ,be?lehem is "o 
( ! olde/ cities 9 ! _w1 hav+ a  hi/ory 
( m ?an ?ree ?\s& six hundr$ ye>s4 ,! "n
  signifi$ ! ,h\se ( ,bread2 n[ its     
,arabic =m1 ,beit ,lahm1  d5otes ! ,h\se
 ( ,fle%4 ,ei!r "n is suitable = ! place
  9 :i* ! true bread ( life1 ^: fle% is 
! food (  immortality1 0 to be born4 ,x 
is call$ ,be?lehem-,judah1 to  di/+ui% x
 f ano!r ,be?lehem 9 ! region (         
,zebulun2  x is also call$ ,be?lehem    
,ephratah1 or ! fruitful4 ,!  e>lie/    
m5tion ( x is 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1 7xxxv4
 #a #h17 9  ! description ( ! dea? &    

burial ( ,ra*el4 ,six hundr$  ye>s      
aft]w>d occurr$ ! ev5ts n>rat$ 9 ! book 
( ,ru?4  ,a c5tury aft] ! m>riage (     
,boaz & ,ru?1 ,david 0 born  "h1 :o1 at 
! age ( sev5te5 ye>s1 0 ano9t$ k+ ov]   
,israel--& h5ce x obta9$ ! "n ( ! city (
 ,david1 &  is ?us call$ 9 ! holy       
,gospel4    ,= a ?\s& ye>s ! hi/ory (   
,be?lehem is obscure1 until  ! place    
/>ts into prom95ce & immortal glory z ! 
sc5e  ( ! wondr\s ev5ts att5d+ ! bir? ( 
,*ri/4 ,) ?is  n>rative e ,*ri/ian is   
famili>2 & ea* ye>1 "u !  guidance ( !  
*ur*1 we r5ew1 at ,*ri/mas & ,epiphany1 
!  joy :i* its tell+ br+s4 ,an edict ( !
 ,roman emp]or  requir$ all ! p ( ,judea
 to pres5t !mselves =  enrolm5t 9 !     
cities :]e !y belong$1 ev5 %\ld !y be   
resid+ 9 o!r & di/ant places4 ,9 ob$i5ce
 to ?is  injunction1 ,joseph1 ! esp\s$  
husb& ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1  accompani$ by   
h]1 repair$ to 8 own city1 ,be?lehem1 he
 be+  ( ! h\se & l9eage ( ,david4 ,a    
long j\rney ( eighty miles  f ,naz>e? 9 
! nor?1 :]e he liv$1 to ,be?lehem 9 !   

s\? 0 ?us imp]ative2 = ,roman rul]s 7   
/rict 9  dem&+ ob$i5ce to _! laws on !  
"p ( conqu]$  peoples4 ,by ! "t !y rea*$
 ,be?lehem1 ! t[n 0 already  full1 & !re
 0 no room = !m 9 ! inn or public place 
= ! reception ( travell]s4 ,!y 7 ?us    
compell$ to d  ! be/ !y c\ld1 & f\nd    
%elt] 9 a rude place :]e "s  cattle 7   
kept4 ,?is 0 n only bett] ?an none1 b 0 
su* z _m travell]s s9ce t "t h be5      
oblig$ to  cont5t !mselves )4 ,ev5 n[1 x
 is sometimes f\nd 9 !  ,ea/ t ! h\se & 
/able are toge!r1 be+ ! same  ap>tm5t2 a
 floor some:at rais$ above ! gr\nd be+ !
  place = ! p1 :ile ! o!r "p is t5ant$  
by cattle1  %eep1 or goats4 ,!re 0 no   
evid5ce t x 0 cruel  indiff]5ce on ! "p 
( ! ,be?lehemites :i* l$ to !  *oice (  
?is place by ! holy ones :o came !re4 ,t
 !y  7 poor is m c]ta9ly kn[n f ! (f]+  
made 9 !  temple 9 ,j]usalem1 :5 !      
,div9e ,infant 0 pres5t$ !re1  at !     
purification ( 8 /a9less "m4    ,x 0 9  
?is *e]less place t ,*ri/ 0 born ( !    
,holy  ,virg91 accord+ to ! prophecies (

 ,isaias & ,mi*eas4 ,n[1  inde$1 0 x    
true t ,?\1 ,be?lehem ,ephrata1 out ( !e
  %all he come =? unto me t is to be !  
rul] 9 ,israel2  & 8 go+ =? is f !      
beg9n+1 f ! days (  et]nity4 ,%eph]ds 7 
keep+ wat* ov] _! flocks by  night2 & ! 
angel ( ,god appe>$ to !m1 & !          
brightness  ( ,god %one r\nd ab\t !m2 & 
:ile !y fe>$1 ! angel  said to !m3 ,fe> 
n2 = behold ,i br+ y good tid+s (  great
 joy t %all be to all ! p2 = ?is day is 
born  to y a ,savi\r1 :o is ,*ri/ ! ,"l1
 9 ! city ( ,david4  #dfd  ,& ?is %all  
be a sign unto y3 y %all f9d ! infant   
wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s & laid 9 a mang]4
 ,& sudd5ly  !re 0 ) ! angel a multitude
 ( ! heav5ly ho/1  prais+ ,god & say+1  
,glory be to ,god 9 ! highe/1 & on  e>? 
peace to m5 ( good w4 ,! %eph]ds w5t to 
,be?lehem1 & f\nd ^! ?+s s1 & !y & o!rs 
wond]$ !reat4    ,s 0 ! ,messiah made   
kn[n to ! ,jews1 z1 9 a few days        
aft]w>ds1 he 0 manife/$ to ,g5tiles 9 ! 
p]sons ( !  magi1 or wise m5 f ! ,ea/4  
,/&+ at ! place :]e we h ! fir/ good    

view (  ,be?lehem1 at ! po9t midway     
betwe5 ,j]usalem & ! city (  !          
,nativity1 ! eye ranges ov] an ext5sive 
region4 ,be=e u  is ! city to :i* our   
/eps are direct$4 ,x is on v high       
gr\nd1 on a ridge project+ f ! m\nta9   
range4 ,! ,*ur*  ( ! ,nativity1 a l>ge  
build+ ) ! conv5ts atta*$1 is  on ! left
 ( ! view1 ! h\ses ( ! village be+ m to 
! "r & ?ree or f\r hundr$ y>ds f ! *ur*4
 ,f  ?ree sides !re is a desc5t1 9      
places v great1 s t on  ! nor?1 ea/1 &  
s\?1 !re are deep valleys at ! foot (  !
 hill on :i* ! build+s /&4 ,all ! l& ne>
 !  *ur* & h\ses is cultivat$1 & ! hill 
is completely  t]rac$ & cov]$ ) olive & 
fig trees1 & v9es1 :i*  are c>efully    
t5d$4 ,e foot ( available gr\nd is ?us  
br\ght into use2 & ! f9e condition ( !  
trees & v9es  %[s t no?+ is want+ to    
re/ore ! anci5t f]tility (  ! region b  
security = labor--some?+ mis]ably want+ 
?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4 ,! conv5ts are built up 
aga9/ !  *ur*1 & give x ! appe>ance ( an
 enorm\s ca/le4 ,!  h\ses ( ! t[n are   

gr\p$ some:at closely1 & h a  compact   
look4 ,l all edifices 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1  
!y  are built ( a grayi% lime/one1 !    
ro(s be+ ( /one1  g5]ally flat1 b       
sometimes ) a small dome4 ,we are /&+   
ab\t ?ree miles nor? ( ,be?lehem1 & !   
eye ranges ov] a  wide ext5t ( hill     
c\ntry1 especially to ! left4 ,! hills (
  ,judea are ne> u1 ! m\nta9s ( ,moab   
beyond & to ! ea/4  ,on ! hi!r side ( ^!
 la/ is ! ,dead ,sea1 fill+ !  sunk5    
bas9 :]e once /ood ! wick$ cities ( !   
pla94  ,"u our feet1 & all ! way to     
,be?lehem1 ! gr\nd is  cov]$ ) imm5se   
numb]s ( /ones ab\t f\r in*es 9 size1  s
 t travell+1 :e!r on foot or horseback1 
is nei!r easy  nor pleasant4    ,let u  
n[ g =w>d to ! city4 ,"o mile ?is side (
  ,be?lehem1 at a %ort di/ance to ! "r (
 ! pa? we  foll[1 is ! tomb ( ,ra*el4   
,?is spot is "o ( ! mo/  int]e/+ ( its  
k9d 9 ! _w4 ,ra*el 0 ! wife ( !         
,patri>* ,jacob1 & %e di$ & 0 buri$ "h1 
on ! way to  ,ephrah :i* is ,be?lehem4  
,h] memory has always be5 held 9        

respect by ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 & ev5 n[
 ! =m] g  !re e ,?ursday1 to pray & read
 ! old1 old hi/ory (  ?is "m ( _! race4 
,:5 leav+ ,be?lehem = ! f\r?  & la/ "t1 
aft] we _h pass$ ! tomb ( ,ra*el1 on our
 way  to ,j]usalem1 ,fa!r ,luigi & ,i   
met a hundr$ or m ,jews on  _! weekly   
visit to ! v5]at$ spot4 ,a small squ>e  
build+1 ) a dome1 cov]s ! grave ( "o ^: 
"n w  nev] p]i% f ! remembrance ( ! p ( 
,god4    #dfe    ,z we /& at ! tomb (   
,ra*el1 at our "r is ! village (        
,beitjala1 ,be?lehem be+ a mile or m to 
our left4 ,beitjala is  a ?riv+ place1  
hav+ _m beautiful olive-trees1 ! f9e/ ,i
  ev] saw4 ,! ,ca?olic ,sem9>y = ,prie/s
 ( ! ,patri>* (  ,j]usalem is !re1 & a  
f9e l>ge *ur* has j be5  complet$4 ,!   
,rector ( ! ,sem9>y 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op 
(  ,beitjala 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy        
,sepul*re "s weeks aft] our  dep>ture4  
,ent]+ ,be?lehem to g to ! conv5t1 we   
pass ?r\gh a l>ge  "p ( ! city1 ! *ur*  
be+ at ! left ( ! ridge4  ,!re are ab\t 
?ree ?\s& resid5ts 9 ! city1 :o are     

all1 or ne>ly s1 ,*ri/ians4 ,! /reets   
are few1 &1 l all  ,ea/]n cities1 n>r[ &
 dirty--v n>r[ & v dirty1  inde$4 ,_m ( 
! p are out ( doors4 ,z we pass along1  
we  see "s small1 rude %ops or d5s1 9   
:i* v>i\s articles are  expos$ = sale4  
,we look 9 o!r rooms1 & f9d m5 at "w    
sitt+ on ! gr\nd1 turn+ beads = ros>ies4
 ,! "w is  done rapidly1 & great        
quantities ( ^! are made4 ,also1        
crosses & m$als are c>v$ f ! "m ( pe>l  
%ell4 ,z  e "o :o goes to ! ,holy ,l&   
makes "s pur*ases ( ^!  articles1 !re is
 q a brisk trade at ,ea/] "t1 :5 !      
pilgrims mo/ resort to ! %r9es4 ,^!     
beads1 m$als1 &  crosses are tak5 to    
,j]usalem & bless$ 9 ! mo/ ,holy        
,sepul*re ( our ,"l1 & are ?us 9 j      
e/imation among !  holy ?+s ( e>?4 ,a   
cross made 9 ,be?lehem1 :]e ,*ri/ 0     
born1 & bless$ 9 ! mo/ ,holy ,sepul*re  
:]e he 0 buri$1  & f :i* he rose        
triumphant ov] dea?1 is surely a        
preci\s ?+ = any ,*ri/ian to h4 ,9 go+  
?r\gh "s  ( ! /reets ( ,be?lehem1 ,i h  

se5 ! scraps ( pe>l  :i* 7 left 9 !     
manufacture ( crosses & m$als1 & _h  be5
 ?r[n out z refuse1 sp>kl+ & gli/5+ 9 ! 
bright  sun%9e1 rem9d+ "o ( ! city      
above1 ^: gates are pe>l4  ,b ! place   
:]e ,*ri/ 0 born is s holy t n ev5      
pe>ls are too preci\s to pave its       
/reets4    ,! ,lat9 conv5t is on ! nor? 
side ( ! great *ur*1 &  to ! left1 z "o 
approa*es ! v5]able pile4 ,we knock at  
! iron door1 :i* is op5$ quickly1 & ent]
 !  reception-room ( ! h\se4 ,?is is a  
pleasant & com=table  place2 & !        
pilgrim1 fatigu$ by ! long walk or ride1
 f9ds  x a *e]ful place ( re/4 ,! good  
fa!rs ( ! mona/]y  are hospitable & k9d1
 & give su* welcome z ! travell]  w\ld  
wi% to receive at ?is holy place4 ,!    
conv5t is old1 &  ! walls are ( great   
/r5g?1 be+ t5 feet ?ick1 :i*  makes a   
deep recess at e w9d[4 ,a long table    
cov]$ ) a  gre5 clo? is 9 ! middle ( !  
room1 & !re are  com=table divans or    
cu%ion$ seats along ! wall by !  w9d[s4 
,portraits ( a k+ & que51 :o 7          

b5efactors (  ! conv5t _m ye>s ago1 hang
 at ! f>!r end ( !  ap>tm5t2 :ile among 
! lat] decorations ( ! walls are  good  
portraits ( ! pres5t ,emp]or & ,empress 
( ,au/ria4  ,"s photographs & engrav+s (
 religi\s subjects are also  "h2 & !re  
is a homelike & *e]ful appe>ance :i* is 
mo/ grateful to ! we>y travell] f o!r & 
di/ant  l&s4    ,let u glance at !      
build+s & _! hi/ory4 ,! grotto or  cave 
9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 born is cov]$ by ! l>ge   
*ur*4 ,(  ?is spot1 z be+ ! v place :]e 
! infant ,god 0 born1  !re nev] has be5 
a d\bt4  #dff  ,! id5tification ( x goes
 back to ! v next c5tury aft]  !        
,asc5sion ( ,*ri/4 ,! *ur* 0 built by   
,sa9t ,hel5a1  ! "m ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian   
,emp]or1 ,con/ant9e ! ,great1  & x is ! 
olde/ place erect$ = ,*ri/ian wor%ip 9 !
  _w4 ,x 0 solidly & well built1 & ev5  
n[ bids fair to  la/ :5 _m ( ! slight   
/ructures ( mod]n times %all  h fall5   
into ru94 ,x is fifte5 hundr$ ye>s old2 
9 l5g?  "o hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 ! bread?
 be+ "o hundr$ &  t54 ,!re are f\r r[s (

 l>ge m>ble columns1 tak51  probably1 f 
! por*es ( ! temple 9 ,j]usalem4 ,ea* r[
  conta9s twelve columns1 ea* "o be+ ( a
 s+le /one1 tw5ty  feet high & ?irty    
in*es 9 diamet]2 !y are smoo?1 &  h     
h&some capitals ( ! ,cor9?ian ord]4 ,!  
ro( ( !  *ur* 0 orig9ally ( ! c$>s (    
,lebanon1 b 0 repair$  ab\t f\r hundr$  
ye>s ago ) oak4 ,! columns 7 once  ri*ly
 ornam5t$1 & ! walls 7 inlaid ) mosaics2
 ^!  are ne>ly all gone1 & :itewa% is 9 
_! /ead4 ,!  ,sanctu>y 0 v beautiful1 & 
yet reta9s mu* ( !  adornm5t ( bett]    
days2 b we c only see ! top ( !  alt>   
scre5 z we /& 9 ! body ( ! *ur*1 = a    
l>ge  wall n[ runs entirely across !    
upp] end ( ! nave1 divid+  x f !        
sanctu>y4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! :ole   
*ur*  looks desolate1 empty1 & cold4    
,!re are "s *eap & mean  glass lamps1 a 
few o/ri* eggs1 & o!r trifl+ objects 9  
! way ( decoration1 b ! :ole ( ?is once 
beautiful &  magnific5t int]ior is      
desolate & neglect$4 ,be+ common        
prop]ty ( ! ,lat9s1 ,greeks1 &          

,arm5ians1 x receives c>e  f none2 or1  
r1 ! jeal\sies ( ! ,*ri/ians prev5t  any
 attempt at re/oration4 ,! /one pavem5t 
is brok5 &  irregul>4 ,! ma9 door (     
entrance f ! village has be5  p>tly     
wall$ up1 s t "o c only ent] by /oop+   
l[4  ,?is 0 done a long "t s9ce1 to h9d]
 ! ,turks f rid+  9 on horses1 mules1 or
 camels2 & ! b>ri] aga9/ ?is sort  (    
desecration is effectual en\gh4    ,!   
sanctu>y ( ! *ur* is directly ov] ! spot
 :]e our  ,"l 0 born2 & 0 once1 z x %\ld
 be1 ri* & gorge\s  z lov+ devotion c\ld
 make x--a brave sight 9 ! day ( its    
p]fection4 ,rais$ six /eps above ! level
 ( ! floor ( !  body ( ! *ur*1 x is     
ne>ly squ>e1 & is l>ge en\gh to         
accommodate ! congregations :o ga!r !re4
 ,?is sanctu>y is  9 ! possession ( !   
,greeks & ,arm5ians2 = !y1 be+  ri*] ?an
 ! ,lat9s1 h b\ght f ! ,turks ! l>ge/   
%>e 9 all ! holy places 9 ,be?lehem &   
,j]usalem4    ,! *ur*1 ) its sanctu>y   
describ$ above1 is ov]  ! crypt or      
grotto1 :i* is ! glory ( ,be?lehem1 !   

place  :]e ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,let u n[ g d[n
 to ?is mo/ holy &  bless$ spot4 ,x is  
rea*$ by a flight ( /eps on ea* side (  
! great sanctu>y1 ab\t ?irte5 9 numb]1  
mu* worn by !  ?\s&s ( feet :i* h press$
 !m4 ,language fails to  convey !       
s5tim5ts & emotions ( ! pilgrim z he    
desc5ds  ^! old /eps4 ,9 a mom5t m he is
 to be  !re--!re1 :]e 8 ,r$eem] 0       
born--!re1 :]e  8 he>t has ye>n$ to be  
?\s&s ( times1 ?r\gh _m long  ye>s1 9 ! 
f> di/ant l& :i* is 8 home4 ,c>efully he
  desc5ds1 &1 :5 ne>ly at ! bottom1 he  
sees1 at ! "r  h&1 a silv] /> fa/5$ 9 ! 
m>ble floor2 ov] x a  numb] ( small     
lamps burn+2 ?ree /eps m--he kneels &   
fl+s himself pro/rate--he is !re6       
,bless$ is !  pilgrim to :om ,god has   
giv5 ?is joy1 ! holie/ & sweete/  ev]   
kn[n on e>?6    #dfg    ,d\btless we h  
all kn[n1 at "s "t or o!r1 a gladness ( 
he>t ^: p[] & int5sity h caus$ x to be  
rememb]$  9 aft]-ye>s1 z m>k+ ! brighte/
 day 9 our lives4 ,)  _m x is t ( ! fir/
 communion2 ) o!rs1 some?+  else has    

caus$ x4 ,b ! pilgrim to ! holy places  
has a  peculi> joy 9 addition to t %>$ )
 8 bre?r5 at  home4 ,& he w be =giv5 if 
he say1 z he feels1 t !re  is no joy l t
 he has :5 he kneels :]e ,*ri/ 0 born4  
,! sup]ior ( ! conv5t at ,j]usalem told 
me1 on my fir/  int]view ) him1         
,j]usalem e/ locus crucis et sp9>um4 ,! 
sup]ior ( ! conv5t at ,be?lehem said1   
,be?lehem e/ domus  laetitiae4 ,bo? ^!  
excell5t fa!rs spoke truly1 & ju/ly     
describ$ ! "* ( _! respective cities4 ,i
  subsequ5tly f\nd t ,j]usalem 0 inde$ !
 place ( !  cross & ( ?orns2 b x ne$$   
only ?is day--only ?is  h\r--to prove to
 me1 ) all fulness ( absolute c]ta9ty1  
t ,be?lehem is inde$ ! h\se ( joy4 ,?9k 
y t  !re is on e>? ano!r place s bless$ 
& joyful z ?is8 ,i  "k ( none4 ,:oev]   
has pray$ at ,be?lehem w say ! same4  ,!
 good tid+s ( great joy to all p f ?is  
place h be5 spread ov] ! _w4    ,let u  
n[ look ar\nd & obs]ve ) c>efulness !   
objects  ab\t u4 ,we are 9 a grotto1    
app>5tly hewn 9 ! rock1  ?irty-eight    

feet long1 elev5 feet wide1 & n9e feet  
high4 ,!  floor & walls are ( l>ge slabs
 ( m>ble1 once :ite1 b  gr[n d>k by age 
& lamp-smoke & dropp+s ( olive oil1 =   
hundr$s ( ye>s4 ,! hang+s are old1 & 9  
"s places  7especially ! ceil+1 :i* is  
cov]$ ) a blue /uff7  dropp+ to pieces4 
,tw5ty-n9e lamps1 susp5d$ f ! ro(1  burn
 cont9ually4 ,! ,holy ,place is at ! ea/
 end ( !  grotto2 ! two flights ( /airs 
m5tion$ above l& v ne>  x4 ,imag9e a    
semi-circul> recess or apse1 "s f\r or  
five  feet across1 rais$ f\r in*es above
 ! floor4 ,a m>ble slab1  six in*es 9   
diamet]1 m>ks ! spot :]e our ,"l 0 born4
  ,ar\nd ?is /one is a l>ge silv] />1   
:i* lies flat1 z  w\ld a plate laid on !
 floor4 ,! body ( ! /> is cut out1  s t 
x makes a rim ar\nd ! /one 9 its c5tre4 
,! />  has f\rte5 rays or po9ts1 ea*    
ab\t sev5 in*es long1 s  t x is ab\t    
tw5ty in*es across ! /one f "o po9t to  
! opposite "o4 ,on ! /> is !            
inscription--! lett]s  =m+ a circle     
ar\nd ! m>ble c5tre--,hic de ,virg9e    

,m>ia  ,jesus ,*ri/us natus e/4 ,ov] !  
/> hang sixte5 silv]  lamps :i* ev]     
burn2 !y are c>efully t5d$ day & night4 
,!re are elev5 small & rude ,greek      
pictures ar\nd ! recess  beh9d ! lamps4 
,imm$iately ov] ! /> is an alt>1 us$ by 
! ,greeks & ,arm5ians1 b n by ! ,lat9s2 
= ! reason  t ,greek & ,arm5ian gold has
 be5 l>gely giv5 to !  ,turki% rul]s = !
 privilege !y possess4 ,! ,ca?olics are 
comp>atively few 9 numb]s & poor 9 money
 ?r\gh\t !  ,holy ,l&2 & to ?is         
circum/ance is ow+ ! melan*oly fact  t  
:at ought to be our exclusive           
possession1 is enjoy$ by  s*ismatics1 or
 grudg+ly %>$ ) u by !m4 ,?is alt> is  q
 )\t decoration dur+ ! day4  #dfh  ,:5 !
 ,greeks say _! mass1 !y dress x up1    
remov+ !  ?+s imm$iately aft]w>d4 ,!    
,arm5ians d ! same4    ,j at ! foot ( ! 
/airs1 z we came d[n to ! %r9e1 at  our 
left h&--! /> be+ at our "r--is a       
little recess two feet bel[ ! floor ( ! 
grotto1 p]haps  sev5 feet squ>e1 a spot 
( great int]e/1 :i* happily  belongs to 

! ,ca?olics or ,lat9s4 ,a /one rais$    
eight in*es  high above ! floor ( ?is   
little *apel m>ks ! spot :]e  ! crib    
/ood4 ,ov] & beh9d ! /one is an excell5t
  pa9t+ 9 a frame ( silv]4 ,a scre5 (   
silv] wire is 9  front ( ! pa9t+ & ( !  
five silv] lamps :i* hang  ov] ! /one4  
,opposite ?is1 & 9 ! same little *apel1 
is  an alt> /&+ 9 ! spot :]e ! wise m5 f
 ! ,ea/  (f]$ _! gifts ( gold1          
frank9c5se1 & myrrh to !  newborn ,k+4  
,x 0 my happ9ess to h said ,mass ?ree   
times  on ?is alt>4 ,! pa9t+ ov] ?is    
alt> is v good2 & a  scre5 ( wire is put
 up at ! end ( ,mass1 to protect !      
pa9t+ & ! top ( ! alt> dur+ ! day4 ,9   
?is little  sunk5 *apel !re is only j   
room = ! celebrant & =  ! bro!r :o s]ves
 ! ,mass2 b1 z x op5s into ! grotto  on 
two sides1 _m p]sons c assi/ at ! div9e 
my/]ies4 ,(  all ! %r9es 9 ,be?lehem ?is
 is ! mo/ favorable to  devotion4 ,only 
a v little daylight comes d[n ! /airs4  
,!  grotto is dimly light$ by ! lamps1  
:i* are all l  sanctu>y lamps1 ) a small

 flame4 ,! eye is attract$ to !  place (
 ! nativity4 ,all is sil5t1 dispos+ to  
recollection  & m$itation4 ,!re are no  
cr[ds z 9 ,j]usalem1 & no ,turks  are   
se5 "h4    ,beside ^! objects ( *ief    
int]e/1 !re are sev]al o!rs  adjo9+ !   
sacr$ grotto4 ,a passage leads f ! re> (
 !  grotto1 at ! opposite end f ! %r9e1 
pa/ ! tombs (  ,/4 ,eusebius1 ! tombs & 
alt> ( ,santa ,paula & ,santa           
,eu/a*ium1 h] daught]4 ,opposite is !   
tomb ( ,/4 ,j]ome1  ) a pa9t+ repres5t+ 
him re/+ on a lion4 ,a %ort  di/ance f  
?is is a squ>e vault1 ab\t tw5ty feet 9 
l5g?  & bread?1 & n9e feet high1 light$ 
f above by a w9d[4  ,a /one seat or dais
 is ar\nd ! ap>tm5t4 ,?is 0 ! /udy  ( ! 
great ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,x is n[ a *apel1 &   
ov] ! alt>  is a pa9t+ repres5t+ ! sa9t 
) a lion at 8 feet4 ,=  m ?an ?irty ye>s
 did ?is great ,fa!r live 9 ?is cell4   
,"h he made ! translation ( ! ,holy     
,scriptures into ,lat91  :i* we yet     
use--! ,lat9 ,vulgate1 z x is call$4    
,"h1 also1  he wrote 8 treatises1       

lett]s1 & comm5t>ies1 :i* are (  su*    
value & e/imation 9 ! *ur*4 ,"h1 also1  
he wrote  ^? rem>kable words conc]n+ !  
day ( judgm5t1 :i* are  sometimes app5d$
 to 8 picture3 ,quoties diem illum      
consid]o1  toto corpore contremisco2    
sive enim com$o1 sive bibo1 sive        
aliquid aliud facio1 semp] videtur illa 
tuba t]ribilis son>e  9 auribus meis3   
,surgite mortui1 v5ite ad judicium4 ,?is
 is !  reason :y he is sometimes pa9t$ )
 a trumpet1 illa tuba  t]ribilis1 bl[n  
by an angel ov] 8 head4 ,he 0 "o (  !   
e>lie/ & c]ta9ly ! mo/ illu/ri\s (      
pilgrims f  ,europe to ,be?lehem1 & is  
ju/ly honor$ z a doctor & fa!r  ( !     
*ur*4 ,he di$ ,a4,d4 #dbj1 & 0 buri$ "h 
9 8  mona/]y2 b 8 rema9s 7 subsequ5tly  
remov$ to ,rome1  :]e !y n[ are 9 !     
magnific5t *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>y ,major4      
#dfi    ,9 ano!r place1 "s =ty feet f ! 
/udy ( ,/4 ,j]ome1  is ! tomb ( ! ,holy 
,innoc5ts1 :]e 7 buri$ _m (  ^? s       
cruelly murd]$ by ord] ( ! wick$ ,h]od1 
:o hop$  t 9 _! numb] w\ld be ! new-born

 ,k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,)  a s+le exception1 ! 
slaught] ( ! ,holy ,innoc5ts is !  only 
sad memory associat$ ) ,be?lehem4 ,t    
exception is !  pov]ty1 fe>ful &        
extreme1 9 :i* "s ( ! ,ca?olics at  ?is 
"t live4 ,_! desolation is great1 & _!  
appeals =  assi/ance are urg5t & pa9ful 
to ! travell]4    ,9 ,be?lehem1 z 9     
,j]usalem1 !re is a procession daily    
made  to ! sacr$ places 9 ! *ur*4 ,!    
plan & idea ( !  (fice is ! same 9 bo?  
places1 t is1 a hymn ) antiphon  & pray]
 at ea* /ation4 ,!re is a diff]5ce 9 !  
subject1  ( c\rse4 ,x 0 t\*+1 :5 we came
 to ! place :]e is  ! silv] />1 to li/5 
to ! words 9 ! pray]1  ,"h ,jesus ,*ri/ 
0 born4 ,also1 :5 we next w5t to  !     
place :]e ! wise m5 made _! (f]+s1 "o ( 
!  acolytes /ood at ! corn] ( ! alt> &1 
po9t+ ) 8  f+]1 *ant$ ,hic magi (f]abant
 mun]a4 ,few ?+s  9 life c equal 9      
impressiv5ess ?is daily visit to ! holy 
places4    ,at night ,i w5t up on !     
conv5t ro( to see ! />s %9+  on         
,be?lehem2 to be 9 ,be?lehem & see ! />s

 look d[n on  ! spot :]e ,i /ood4 ,! sky
 0 cle> & pure4 ,c\ntless  ?\s&s ( !    
heav5ly bodies 7 !re1 ea* 9 its         
brilliancy4 ,/>light is always          
beautiful2 especially is x  grateful to 
! eye :i* has be5 pa9$ ) ! dazzl+ &     
bl9d+ p[] ( ! ,ea/]n sun4 ,h[ (t51 at   
home1 _h ,i  ?\ght ( ,be?lehem & ! />s1 
n alone t "o  :i* is s memorable 9 !    
gospel hi/ory1 b also ( ^?  :i* may n[  
be se52 =1 ev] 9 ! future1 ,be?lehem & !
  />light are intimately associat$4 ,i  
look$ up ) a ?ankful  he>t4 ,c\ntless z 
^! lights _h be5 ,god's m]cies to       
myself4 ,ano!r 0 add$ 9 its be+ grant$  
me to come to  ,be?lehem to see x1 to   
pray !re1 to look up to ! sky &  recall 
! sacr$ ev5ts belong+ to ! place4 ,t    
night ,i  w5t to re/ 9 joy4    ,! next  
morn+1 ,monday1 ,febru>y #e?1 ,i said   
mass at ! alt>  ( ! ,magi or ,?ree ,k+s4
 ,9 ! aft]noon1 ,fa!r ,wadhams1  ,fa!r  
,luigi1 & myself w5t out to visit a     
place ( great  int]e/1 a mile or s f !  
conv5t4 ,we pass$ ?r\gh !  village ( !  

%eph]ds--yet reta9+ t "n--:]e dwelt  ^? 
:o kept _! flocks4 ,beyond ?is we walk$ 
ov] ! pla9  & fields ( ,boaz & ,ru? to !
 place :]e ! %eph]ds 7  abid+1 keep+    
wat* ov] _! flocks by night1 & :]e !    
angel came ^u !m 9 glory1 say+1 ,fe> n3 
= behold1 ,i  br+ y good tid+s ( great  
joy :i* %all be to all p4  ,= unto y is 
born ?is day1 9 ! city ( ,david1 a      
,savi\r  :o is ,*ri/ ! ,"l4 ,& sudd5ly  
!re 0 ) ! angel a  multitude ( ! heav5ly
 ho/ prais+ ,god1 & say+1 ,glory  to    
,god 9 ! highe/1 & on e>? peace to m5 ( 
good w4    ,we recall$ ?is hi/ory ) joy1
 &1 tak+ (f our hats1  *ant$ ! ,gloria 9
 ,excelsis on ! spot :]e ^?  holy words 
7 fir/ he>d by m54 ,h[ (t5 has n t gr&  
& t\*+ *ant be5 sung ?r\gh\t ! _w1 melt+
 !  h>de/ he>ts into p5it5ce1 & subdu+ !
 r\ghe/ natures  into g5tl5ess & love6  
#dgj    ,! place :]e ! %eph]ds re/$ :ile
 wat*+ _! flocks  0 a grotto1 ( :i* !re 
are v _m ?r\gh\t ! ,holy  ,l&1 & 9 x !y 
w\ld be %elt]$ f ! night air1  ne$+ less
 protection 9 ! day "t1 z ! w9t] is n  v

 cold4 ,! grotto _h long ago be5 conv]t$
 into a *apel  by ! ,greeks1 & we w5t   
into x & pray$4 ,!                      
neighborhood--especially ! place 7 !    
%eph]ds he>d !  angel's message--is     
plant$ ) olive trees2 & ,i broke a few  
leaves f ! tree "u :i* we /ood :ile s++ 
!  ,gloria to keep z a memorial ( !     
place4 ,a ,ca?olic  prie/ is n[ build+ a
 *ur* 9 ! village ( ! %eph]ds4          
,return+1 we saw ! place :]e ,santa     
,paula liv$ & di$2 x  is a mile or less 
f ! ,*ur* ( ! ,nativity t[>d  ,j]usalem4
 ,we came home 9 "t to jo9 ! procession 
:i* is  daily made4    ,lat] 9 ! ev5+1 &
 :5 !re 0 no "o pres5t b  ourselves1 we 
w5t into ! sacr$ grotto4 ,p]fect sil5ce 
reign$4 ,pro/rate on ! m>ble floor1 ,i  
pass$ an h\r close to  ! v spot :]e our 
,"l 0 born4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 did ,i  pray
 = ! good p ( ,nativity ,*ur* at home1 &
 = all  :o 7 comm5d$ to my pray]s4 ,!n1 
9 ?is unbrok5 sil5ce1  :i* n ev5 our    
brea?+ di/urb$1 ,i m$itat$ on all t  _h 
tak5 place "h1 & on ! m]cy f ,god ( :i* 

!  bir? ( ! ,div9e ,infant 0 ! seal4    
,repeat$ly ,i kiss$ !  /one :i* m>ks !  
spot1 & ! silv] /> by :i* x is          
surr\nd$4 ,god has (t5 9 "t pa/ be5     
graci\s to me2 b ,i  say x ) a ?ankful  
he>t1 t ?is "o h\r 0 ! mo/  bless$ &    
happy ( my :ole life4    ,i h ?us       
attempt$ to describe ! holy city (      
,david1 & !  objects ( int]e/ )9 & ne>  
x4 ,my f\r? & la/ visit  0 made on !    
return f ,hebron2 & ,i _h m difficulty 9
  te>+ myself away f ,be?lehem ?an 9    
leav+ any o!r  place 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,at 
! ,greek conv5t ( ,elijah1 ( :i*  m5tion
 has be5 made1 ,i turn$ to take my la/  
look at ! city  :]e ,*ri/ 0 born4 ,gaz+ 
long & e>ne/ly1 ! :ole sc5e  0 /amp$    
indelibly on memory1 & ,i said          
,good-bye1 ,be?lehem1  de>e/ city ( holy
 m]cy1 h\se ( joy1 good-bye4 ,peace be )
  !e1 & peace ) !m :o love !e6          
--------    #dga        ,l9es on !      
,c]emonial ,s&al ( 8 ,hol9ess4          
,pres]v$ ,at ,burton ,manor1 ,/af=d%ire1
      ,! ,seat ,( ,francis ,:itgreave1  

,esq4        ,h[ beaute\s on ! hills !  
feet ( him      7',tis ?us ,isaias s+s7 
,:o prea*es heav5ly peace1 & br+s to man
      ,glad tid+s ( good ?+s6      ,*ri/
 fir/1 8 vic> n[1 to u fulfils      ,?is
 graci\s "w ( ,god2    ,no l& by seas or
 m\nta9s s conceal$      ,b ,pet] !re   
ha? trod4      ,hail1 de>ly-priz$       
memorial1 9 late days      ,by our lov$ 
,pius worn6    ,hail1 emblem ( ! foot t 
walk$ ! waves      ,9 our r$emption's   
morn6      ,be=e ! little cross embroid$
 "h      ,pr9ces h b5d$ l[1    ,& own$ !
 pres5ce ( a great] p[]      ,?an ! pr\d
 _w c %[4      ,"h love ha? left a kiss2
 "h guilt ha? be54      ,nor dropp$ h]  
te> 9 va9    ,at 8 de> feet :o c absolve
 all s9s1      ,or1 :5 he wills1 reta96 
,"h le>n+ to ! tru?ful ,roman ,see      
,ha? noble homage paid2    ,"h to       
religion's loveli] maje/y      ,beauty  
ha? b[$ h] head4      ,oh6 by ?is sacr$ 
relic "h ,i swe>1      ,z all my life   
%all prove1    ,to him :o sits 9 ,pet]'s
 holy *air      ,true loyalty & love4   

,e4 ,caswall4           ,oratory1       
,birm+ham4    --------    #dgb          
,! ,labor ,"q4       ,translat$ ,f ,le  
,correspondant4       ,address ,( ,rev4 
,fa!r ,hyac9!     ,be=e ,! ,ca?olic     
,congress ,( ,mal9es4      ,y\r ,em95ce1
 ,my ,lords1 ,& ,g5tlem53    ,i w n     
attempt to conceal f y ! emotion :i*    
?rills  me4 ,i behold & am dismay$4 ,i  
am aba%$ be=e ?is assembly1  :i* w      
pres5tly give me inspiration4 ,i speak  
be=e a pr9ce  ( ! *ur*1 :o is also a    
pr9ce ( wisdom & virtue2 be=e  ?is      
illu/ri\s circle ( bi%ops1 my fa!rs 9 ! 
fai?2  be=e ^! em95t /atesm51 ma/]s (   
sci5ce & (  eloqu5ce1 & ,i f9d ?is      
tribunal /ill w>m & palpitat+  f ! h&s  
:i* h t\*$ x & ! words :i* h  made x    
tremul\s4 ,i speak be=e ?is gr&         
assemblage1 conv5$  f ! f\r qu>t]s ( !  
_w to discuss1 ^u ?is little  spot (    
free gr\nd t we call ,belgium1 !        
religi\s int]e/s  ( ! ,ca?olics ( two   
worlds4 ,g5tlem51 ,i 0 al>m$ at  fir/1 b
 ,i w fe> no long]4 ,i feel t ,i am n a 

/rang]  "h2 ,i meet bro!rs4 ,y\r        
acclamations ,i accept1 = !y are  n     
address$ to ! individual1 :o is no?+1 b 
to !  cause1 :i* is gr&2 ,i _h almo/    
said1 :i* is e ?+4  ,?is cause ,i c     
def9e 9 two words--! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 &  
! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4    
,on t day :i* no prie/ =gets--on t day  
:51 ly+  ^u ! pavem5t ( ! temple1 ,i    
took = my only & virg9al  sp\se ! ,holy 
,*ur* ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 my lips 9 ! du/1  
my  eyes 9 te>s1 my he>t 9 ec/acy & 9   
?rills ( rapture--,i  v[$ 9 sil5ce to   
love h] well1 &1 if ,i c\ld1 to s]ve h] 
well1 n only 9 h] gr& pa/1 :i* is no m1 
& 9 h]  glori\s future1 :i* is n yet    
come1 b 9 h] pres5t1 s  sorr[ful & s gr&
 also2 9 h] pres5t1 :i* is ! product  ( 
! pa/ ages ( h] hi/ory1 &1 consequ5tly1 
! "w (  ,god4    ,^? :o und]take to s]ve
 ! *ur* 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury  h "o        
especially pr(\nd & ?reat5+ "q to       
enc\nt]3 ,i mean ! ,labor ,"q4    ,?is  
"q is "o :i* transc5ds all fix$ limits1 
b ,i  w limit my treatm5t ( x to "o     

especial po9t ( view--!  education ( !  
labor+ classes4 ,! hope ( ! h>ve/ is 9  
! se$1 & ,leibnitz 0 "r 9 say+1 ,give me
 !  in/ruction ( ! y\? dur+ "o c5tury & 
,i w *ange !  face ( ! globe4 ,?is      
trans=mation _c be accompli%$  until !  
work+ classes %all be educat$ "u !      
conditions  design$ by ! nature ( man & 
! g5]al h>mony ( !  div9e plan4    ,!re 
are ?ree degrees 9 ?is education--!     
prim>y education  by ! family1 !        
pr(essional education by ! work%op1 !   
religi\s education ( ! ,sunday4         
,i4                ,family ,education4  
,i place ! family 9 ! fir/ rank4 ,x     
occupies x 9 ! ord]  ( "t2 x ought to   
occupy x 9 ! ord] ( influ5ces4    ,among
 ! _m elevat$ m9ds occupi$ ) ! fate ( ! 
work+ classes1 ,i am a/oni%$ t !re are s
 few :o  compreh5d _! real wants4  #dgc 
,! rem$y = ! evils :i* !y suff]1 ! means
 ( !  progress t !y wi% to realize1 are 
va9ly s\ght = 9 new  inv5tions &        
comb9ations1 9 speci\s !ories1 or ev5 9 
private or public *>itable in/itutions4 

,!y are 9 !  family2 t in/itution :i* is
 z anci5t & univ]sal z !  _w1 & :i* has 
its roots 9 ! inmo/ dep?s ( !  /r5g? &  
t5d]ness ( humanity2 t in/itution :i*   
came  f ! h&s ( ,god himself1 a ve/ige (
 ! primal ord] (  ,ed51 :i* ,*ri/ has   
empurpl$ ) 8 blood1 & rais$ to  !       
dignity ( a sacram5t1 mak+ x "o ( ! sev5
 pill>s  de/9$ to uphold = ev] ! edifice
 ( reg5]at$ human  society4 7,applause47
    ,x is1 !n1 ! family t embodies !    
/r5g? to su/a9 or  to re/ore 9 all      
classes ( society2 b above all 9 !      
work+ class ( our cities4 ,x is         
especially to ! family t  ! fir/        
education ( ! *ild mu/ be entru/$4    ,9
 prim>y education1 !re are two ?+s :i*  
ne$ especial  consid]ation--! place & ! 
ag5t4 ,! place is !  dome/ic he>?2 !    
ag5t is ! "m4    ,! dome/ic he>?6 ,!re x
 is t ! cradle ( ! *ild  ought to be1   
!re t its fir/ ye>s ought to be pass$4  
,has  n ,provid5ce implant$ ?is in/9ct 9
 ! he>t ( all 8  creation1 ev5 9 !      
species inf]ior to ours8 ,does n ! bird 

build its ne/ 9 ! s(t moss1 "u ! %elt] (
 ! h$ge  & among ! bran*es ( ! tree8 ,is
 !re n 9 all !  ord]s ( nature a special
 place1 a sacr$ spot1 :]e ! fir/  hopes1
 ! fir/ joys1 & ! fir/ suff]+s ( life   
%\ld be  exp]i5c$8 ,ah1 well6 among all 
^! o!r cradles1 ! human  race has a "r  
to a sacr$ cradle1 too2 x has a "r to a 
dome/ic he>? :i* %all be free f !       
infection ( fil?  & disease1 & ^:       
atmosph]e %all n be fatal to ! life     
ei!r ( ! body or ( ! s\l ( ! *ild4    ,x
 is at ?is fireside t mu/ fir/ beg9 !   
education (  ?is "y s\l1 ( its          
imag9ation & budd+ p]ceptions4  ,^!     
walls are n m]ely walls1 ?is ro( is n   
alone a  collection ( %+les & slate1 ?is
 furniture is n m]ely  collection (     
common objects3 ,i say t all ?is speaks 
a deep  language1 t all ?is ex]cises a  
p[]ful influ5ce 9 !  moral ord]4 ,h n we
 ,ca?olics1 9 our div9e religion1       
s5sible signs t are call$ sacram5ts1    
wat]1 w9e1 bread1  oil2 9 %ort1 matt]--b
 matt] :i* reveals & communicates  9    

diff]5t degrees invisible ?+s6 ,9 ! ord]
 ( nature1  & 9 :at ,i w call ! religion
 ( ! fireside1 !re is  also a my/]i\s   
influ5ce ( places & ( ?+s--a secret     
communication ( ! habits1 ( ! virtues1 (
 ! s\l ( !  family by ^! mat]ial objects
 !mselves4 ,! *ild w see  :at its p>5ts 
h se52 x w m+le its life ) objects      
fill$ ) recollections ( !m1 &1 s to     
speak1 p5etrat$  by _! s\ls2 he w       
receive "s impress f x1 & z an          
indelible "* t he w c>ry ?r\gh ! errors 
(  y\? & ev5 "u ! :ite hairs ( ! old    
man4 ,if !re be  poetry 9 ?is1 g5tlem51 
x is practical poetry2 x g]m9ates  9    
facts2 x has its roots 9 ! nature ( ?+s4
 ,x makes u  feel1 besides1 ( :at       
importance x is = ! *ild to be  re>$ )  
its fa!r & "m1 & n "u a /range ro(4     
,i h said t ! "m is ! pr9cipal ag5t 9 ! 
fireside education4 ,x is n t ,i        
disreg>d ! "p ( !  fa!r2 & if x 7       
appropriate = me to say all ,i ?9k1 ,i  
%\ld reproa* "s ,ca?olic writ]s1 :o fail
 to make  suffici5t acc\nt ( x4  #dgd   

,we are 9 dang] ( =gett+ ! fa!r 9 !     
pres5ce ( !  "m--?is type s pure1 s     
graci\s1 s ,*ri/ian4    ,b ,i _c give "h
 an exhau/ive treatise ^u family        
education1 & ,i insi/ above all ^u !    
importance ( ?is  prim>y education ( :i*
 ! c>e devolves almo/ exclusively  ^u ! 
"m4 ,at ?is p]iod ( life1 ! body & !    
he>t  ( ! *ild mu/ be =m$2 reason w h   
its turn lat]1 b  x w only develop      
itself ^u ! d\ble soil1 physical &      
moral1 a body & a he>t wor?ily prep>$4  
,n[1 ! h&s (  ! wife are alone capable (
 ?is div9e field-culture1  agricultura  
,dei2 !y alone are pure en\gh & t5d]    
en\gh to t\* ?is virg9al & suff]+ body t
 an  imprud5t t\* might bruise or       
blight2 !y alone are p[]ful  en\gh to   
awake 9 him t organ ( ! he>t :i* is1    
accord+ to sci5ce1 ! fir/ to be born & !
 la/ to die1  primum sali5s et ultimum  
mori5s1 ! p[] to love :i*  rema9s s (t5 
/ifl$ or corrupt$ 9 its g]m4 ,z ! h&s  (
 ! prie/ are consecrat$ to t\* ! body ( 
,*ri/ ^u  ! alt>--?is body glori\s b    

subject$ to ! fragile  conditions ( !   
sacram5t--s ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ian woman1   
by ! b5$iction ( m>riage & ?r\gh !      
graces (  mat]nity1 are sanctifi$ to t\*
 wor?ily ! body ( !  *ild1 a body infirm
 b glori\s1 because x conta9s a s\l2 ,i 
_h almo/ said because x conta9s a god4  
,by baptism x has be5  made a liv+ memb]
 ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 7,applause47    ,!     
fireside & ! "m6 ,:]e are !y to-day = ! 
p  ( our great cities8 ,ah6 ,i t\* two  
great1 hide\s sores ( our               
contemporane\s society3 ! pitiable      
condition ( ! work+  "p ( ! community1 &
 ! abs5ce ( ! "m f !  dome/ic he>?4 ,"h 
is "o ( ! mo/ unrecogniz$ & mo/  active 
pr9ciples 9 ! evil :i* we suff]2 x is   
"h1 9  ?is disorganization ( ! family1 9
 ?is demoralization ( !  p1 t are =m$ ^?
 black spots :i* f9ally rise 9  !       
atmosph]e1 & become !re an ev]-increas+ 
cl\d :i*  at la/ bur/s 9 a great tempe/4
    ,is x a fireside or is x a d51 ?is  
damp1 d>k1 infect$ cell>  f :i* ! poor  
are abs5t all day1 & 9 ! ev5+ return    

only to horrible pov]ty & disord]8 ,is  
?is ! dwell+ (  ! liv+ or ! tomb ( !    
dead1 ?is n>r[1 suffocat+  g>ret1 :]e1 9
 ord] to ext5d himself ^u 8 b$--,i cite 
a  fact rec5tly come to my k 9 ,p>is--! 
fatigu$ workman  is oblig$ to op5 !     
g>ret w9d[ dur+ ! night & to put  8 feet
 ^u ! ro(8 ,i ask1 are su* dwell+s      
tol]able =  ! free citiz5s ( ,france or 
,belgium2 = m5 r$eem$ by !  blood (     
,jesus ,*ri/8 7,applause47    ,if at    
lea/ ! "m 7 !re1 h] look & h] smile w\ld
  illum9e ! cl\ds1 trans=m ! ugl9ess1 & 
make a joy\s  fe/ival 9 ! mid/ ( ?is    
sadness4 ,b labor1 b>b>\s  labor1 has   
depriv$ h] ( p]=m+ ! sacr$ duties ( !   
"m1 & has drawn h]1 weak & tott]+1 into 
! great  work%op1 full ( ! noise ( "w & 
! s\nd ( blasphemy1  :5ce %e c n he> !  
cry ( h] son c>ri$ f> f h]  to an       
indiff]5t or covet\s /rang]1 :o w re/ore
 him to  h] dead or at lea/ blight$4    
#dge    ,i d n exagg]ate1 g5tlem52 ^!   
are b too common facts1  & :i* are t5d+ 
to become ! law 9 ^! great indu/rial    

masses4 ,ah6 well1 x is ! duty1 !       
imp]i\s duty ( ,ca?olics  to unite among
 !mselves & ) ! ,*ri/ians ( all *ur*es  
& feel+ m5 ( all op9ions1 to make "o    
supreme ef=t 9  favor ( ! work+ classes4
 ,let u "w to re/ore to !m !  family :i*
 has be5 tak5 away f !m4 ,let u "w to   
re/ore ! fireside1 mode/ & poor         
und\bt$ly1 b dec5t &  pleasant1 :]e ! "m
 rema9s ) h] *ildr5 & gives  !m ^? c>es 
( ! he>t & ! body 9 :i* no "o 9 !  _w c 
replace h]4 7,applause47    ,i d n wi%  
to be a ,utopian1 & ,i h n ! cr$ulity to
  believe t ^! ?+s c be accompli%$ 9 a  
day4 ,:atev]  assi/ance may be r5d]$1 x 
w require ye>s & /ill ye>s  be=e !      
family life1 s deeply violat$ among ! p 
(  our cities1 retakes its vigor &      
beauty4 ,9 ! meantime1  g5tlem51 :at    
%all we d8 ,*>ity has m>vell\s          
inv5tions4  ,to ^? :o are homeless1 x   
has op5$ *ildr5's homes &  asylums2 to  
^? :o h no "m1 x has prep>$ devot$      
he>ts ( tea*]s1 :atev] may be ! dress & 
"n !y be>4  ,x has prep>$1 above all1   

?ree c5turies ago1 ?r\gh !  he>t (      
,v9c5t de ,paul1 t extraord9>y woman ^: 
mission  0 res]v$ especially = ! n9ete5?
 c5tury1 = ! great  crisis ( ! labor+   
classes1 ! help] ( ! workman z (  !     
soldi]1 ^u ! field ( battle1 ( labor1 & 
(  suff]+--! si/] ( *>ity4 ,if any "o   
c\ld replace !  "m at ! cradles ( ! p1 x
 w\ld be ! si/] (  *>ity1 7applause27 x 
w\ld be ?is nun1 unseclud$ &  unveil$1  
:o1 n be+ ( ! _w1 yet lives 9 ! _w1  &  
:o unites1 9 an unexampl$ comb9ation1 ! 
he>t ( !  virg9 & ! feel+s ( ! "m4      
7,prolong$ applause27 ,let  u leave !   
*ild to ! si/] ( *>ity2 we w leave x to 
! in/ructor & in/ructress :o fill to x !
 place (  p>5ts1 to ! infant-asylum &   
s*ool t supplies to x !  place ( home4  
,let u n p]mit t any h&1 "u any         
pret5ce1 snat* x f ?is cradle-education1
 & give u t  spectacle1 :i* w\ld be     
loa?some if x 7 n lam5table--  ! workman
 eight ye>s ( age4 ,i feel ! ne$ (      
speak+ !  tru? ) reg>d to ?is gr&       
indu/ry1 t has be5 flatt]$  ev5 to      

bas5ess by "s1 & disp>ag$ ev5 to abuse  
by o!rs4  ,i belong nei!r to ! class (  
c\rti]s nor to t (  traduc]s1 & ,i      
e/imate t ! be/ homage "o c r5d] to  a  
p[] ( ?is _w is to believe x great en\gh
 to he> !  tru?4 ,i w say1 !n1 to trade1
 t x has nev] a "r to  put its h& ^u a  
*ild be=e ! age d5ot$ by nature & by    
religion4 ,to d ?is is to commit a crime
 m odi\s ?an t  :i* has s long /a9$     
,am]ica1 & t %e has be5 oblig$  to wa%  
out 9 waves ( blood4 ,among ^? m5 :o    
own$ o!r  m5 !re 7 ^? :o 7 j & good1 :o 
7 m !  b5efactors ( _! slaves ?an _!    
ma/]s4 ,b !re 7  also ^? :o 7 )\t       
consci5ce & )\t feel+4 ,!y  saw 9 !     
negro only an in/rum5t1 & !y requir$ (  
him  unmeasur$ labor )\t repose4 ,?is 0 
! oppression ( !  body4 ,b all          
oppression1 z all lib]ty1 passes f t ( !
  body to t ( ! s\l4 ,if ! tru? c\ld    
come 9 !m1 !  tru? w\ld deliv] !m6 ,no  
communication1 !n1 ) ^? :o  possess     
sci5ce1 ) m5 :o speak too high1 nor )   
books t  tea* too ?or\ghly4 ,&1 f9ally1 

to intellectual oppression1  ^! cauti\s 
& cruel tyrants add$ moral oppression4  
#dgf  ,!y 7 d\bly "r1 =1 ( all !        
accessories ( lib]ty1  ! mo/ dang]\s is 
n sci5ce b virtue4 ,no virtue1 !n1  = ! 
slave6 ,he has be5 depriv$ ( ! gospel2  
he mu/ also  be depriv$ ( nature6 ,&    
because 9 ! abs5ce ( ! gospel1  & ev5 9 
! ru9s ( human nature1 :5 ?is nature has
 n  entirely p]i%$1 !re yet dwell two   
noble s5tim5ts1 two  p[]ful roots1 :5ce 
all c spr+ up aga9 &  fl\ri%--conjugal  
love & pat]nal love--family life 0      
r5d]$ impossible1 & 9 ^! horrible cases 
m5 c\ld no  long] embrace1 9 honor z 9  
t5d]ness1 ! companion ( _!  mis=tunes & 
! fruit ( _! love4    ,y %udd]1 g5tlem51
 & y are "r4 ,b no?+ :i* has  be5 lo/1  
h[ev] great may be ! evil1 is ev]       
entirely  )\t rem$y4 ,?is negro is an   
adult1 a man gr[n2 & if1 9 a  *ildhood m
 happy ?an 8 maturity1 he has be5 w>m$  
^u  ! bosom ( a black b ,*ri/ian "m1    
nigra s$  =mosa1 & has drawn ! *a/e &   
heal?ful milk (  virtue2 if he has kn[n 

! gospel1 & if he has lov$ ,jesus       
,*ri/1 he holds 9 8 inn]mo/ life        
conceal$ res\rces2 he  w feel ! sudd5 & 
p[]ful awak5+s ( an hone/  consci5ce & (
 ,*ri/ian tru?1 & aga9/ ! triple tyranny
  ( ! body1 ( ! intellig5ce1 & ( ! he>t 
!re w be  victori\s rebellions4         
,g5tlem51 ! be+ mo/ effectually         
oppress$1 ! victim  irrem$iably cru%$1  
is n ! man2 x is ! *ild4 ,x is !  little
 :ite slave ( our ,europe1 :o has kn[n  
nei!r 8  cradle nor 8 "m1 & :o has      
awak5$ to life 9 ! d>k  work%op1 a k9d (
 hell on e>?1 ( :i* we may write--      
,y :o ent] "h leave all hope beh9d4     
,8 active lungs brea! 9 full draughts ( 
air :i* are simply  draughts ( poison2 8
 little limbs1 b5t "u ! "w be=e  be+    
=m$1 are d$icat$ f infancy to           
decrepitude4 ,8  intellig5ce1 too1      
arre/$ 9 its e>ly budd+1 is sadly lock$ 
9 d>kness4 ,x is 9 va9 t1 lat]1 9       
fruitless remorse1 we  w\ld attempt to  
imbue him ) "s tru?s4 ,! negro w        
recollect himself aft] ye>s (           

bruti%ness2 ! *ild w  le>n no m aft] a  
few mon?s ( ?is odi\s sy/em4 ,he w  nev]
 hold 9 8 h& ! ?ree keys1 at once common
 &  sublime1 :i* op5 s _m ?+s 9 life & 9
 !  s\l--read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic4 ,he 
w nev] possess  ^? rudim5ts ( sci5ce :i*
 ought to be ! portion (  all--some?+ ( 
! =m & life ( ?is globe t he  inhabits1 
& mu* ( ! glory & de/9ies ( t c\ntry    
:i* he ought to love & to s]ve4 ,nev]1  
above all1 w he  h ! cle> & /rong       
revelation ( 8 own s\l & ( ,god4  ,8 s\l
 & ,god6 x is n only ignorance :i* /eals
 !m f  him1 x is vice4 ,:at has tak5    
place 9 ?is d>k work%op1 9  ?is hell1   
precoci\s b n ! less hopeless8 ,i w n   
attempt to speak x1 b w li/5 to ! words 
( a poet  ,footnote #df ( our age1      
eloqu5t int]pret] ( ! fr5zies  &        
angui%es ( evil 9 ! dep?s ( ! human s\l3
      ,! he>t ( man1 unspott$1 is a vase
 pr(\nd2     ,if ! fir/ wat] p\r$ into x
 be impure1     ,! sea may pass ov] )\t 
wa%+ away ! /a91     ,= ! abyss is      
unfa?omable & ! spot 9 its dep?s4       

,footnote #df3 ,alfr$ de ,musset4       
#dgg    7,applause47 ,o h&s t h abus$ ! 
*ild6 y w be  curs$ 9 spite ( all y\r   
spl5dor1 9 spite ( all y\r  sci5ce1 & 9 
spite ( y\r ri*es6 ,h&s ( a rel5tless   
indu/ry1 y w rema9 dry & )]$ z ! h& ( ! 
tyrant ( ,israel "u ! mal$iction ( !    
prophet ( ,judos1  ,! h& ( ,j]oboam )]$ 
& he 0 n able to draw x  back aga9 to   
him1 because ! ,"l _h curs$ x4 ,y h     
committ$ ! mo/ c[>dly1 ! mo/ revolt+1 & 
! mo/  irrep>able ( crimes4 7,prolong$  
applause47                              
,,ii4         ,! ,education ,( ,!       
,work%op4      ,i h be5 too diffuse ^u !
 prim>y education ( man4 ,!  fault1     
g5tlem51 is 9 y\r att5tion & sympa?y2 & 
!n 9  ! empty cradle1 ! abs5t "m1 ?is   
gloomy fireside1 :]e  ,i _h ne$ to weep 
& hope ) y4    ,! home education is     
conclud$ by t gr& religi\s c]emony1  !  
fir/ communion1 :i* s]ves z ! fir/      
emancipation (  ! *ild4 ,m precoci\s 9 t
 ?an ! sons ( ! ri*1 !  sons ( ! workman
 ent] f !re a sort ( public life2 f  !  

family1 !y pass to ! work%op4 ,am ,i    
mi/ak51 g5tlem52  is !re n a s*ool      
betwe5 ! family & ! work%op1 !  prim>y  
s*ool fir/ & ! pr(essional s*ool        
aft]w>d8 ,no2  ! s*ool is n betwe5 !    
family & ! work%op1 x is  beside !m4 ,x 
does n =m1 9 connection ) !m1 a ?ird    
degree 9 ! popul> education4 ,9 a ^w1   
its "p is n  pr9cipal & indep5d5t1 b    
second>y & subord9ate4 ,i am  full (    
sympa?y & respect = ^? mode/ & c\rage\s 
tea*]s ( ! p1 to :atev] corps (         
in/ructors !y may  belong1 :e!r !y we> !
 religi\s or ! layman's dress1  provid$ 
!y rema9 at ! height ( _! pr(ession4 ,i 
w  nev] associate myself ) ! gross &    
unm]it$ injuries (  :i* !y are !        
objects1 9 diff]5t s5ses1 on ! "p (  all
 extreme p>ties4 ,b gr& z is _! mission1
 ,i repeat x1  x is second>y2 &         
practical reason fails to see 9 ! s*ool 
:at a l>ge numb] ( our contempor>ies see
 9 x--! mo/  efficaci\s in/rum5t = !    
elevation ( ! labor+ classes4  ,p]mit   
me1 g5tlem51 to cite ! words ( an       

economi/1 a  pati5t1 imp>tial1 & wise   
obs]v]1 ^: "n & works ,i  w\ld wi% to   
popul>ize among ,ca?olics4 ,) a free &  
prosp]\s p1 says ,m4 ,le ,play1 !       
in/ructor occupies  only a subord9ate   
position4 ,! true education is giv5 by !
  family1 aid$ by ! prie/2 x is complet$
 by appr5tice%ip to  a pr(ession1 & by !
 obs]vance ( social duties4 ,footnote   
#dg        ,footnote #dg3 ,social ,re=m 
9 ,france1 by ,m4 ,le ,play1      au?or 
( ,european ,labor]s1                   
,commission]-,g5]al to      ! ,univ]sal 
,exhibitions ( #ahee1 '#fb1 & '#fg4 #c;d
 edition1      vol4 ii4 p4 #cfi4    ,!  
work%op is1 !n1 aft] ! family1 ! second 
c5tre1 !  second home1 = ! education ( !
 p4 ,b :at is a  well-plann$ &          
well-organiz$ work%op8 ,x is "o :]e !   
dignity & rights ( p]sonal be+ are      
recogniz$ 9 !  workm51 & especially 9 ! 
*ild4 ,a p]sonal be+ is always  an end1 
nev] a means2 x _c be us$ z an animal   
)\t  reason1 nor z an in/rum5t )\t      
consci\sness4 ,if "o expect  s]vices (  

x1 & receive pr(it f x1 x is necess>y to
  dispose ( x1 z ,god does ( u1 ) a     
great respect2 cum  magna rev]5tia      
disponis nos4 ,:at is a well-appo9t$    
work%op8 ,x is "o :i* has at its head a 
patron :o is an  honorable man1 a patron
 truly wor?y ( ! "n he be>s4 ,"s  h se5 
some?+ ridicul\s & disagreeable 9 ?is   
"n2  b1 = my "p1 ,i f9d x v gr&1 v      
elevat$1 &1 above  all1 v ,*ri/ian4     
#dgh  ,i see 9 x ! idea ( pat]nity1 & 9 
?is v idea !  practical solution ( our  
problem1 by ! relations ( mutual        
affection 9 a free b1 nev]!less1 close &
 durable  association betwe5 ! ma/]s & !
 workm54 ,9 su* a  work%op1 "u ?is fa!r 
( ! labor]1 an imm$iate ga9  w be       
sacrific$1 h[ev] great x may be1 to !   
=mation (  intellig5t & virtu\s         
appr5tices4 ,x is n propos$ to  produce 
only mu* & quickly2 x is desir$ t trade 
may be  gr& by its workm5 z well z by   
its works2 f its moral z  well z its    
mat]ial side4 ,! k+dom ( ,god & 8       
righte\sness is s\ght fir/2 & all ! re/ 

is add$1 =  righte\sness & utility h m  
bonds betwe5 !m ?an we  ?9k1 & sci5ce   
has rec5tly /at$ t 9 ! products (  labor
 n only ! degree ( intellig5ce1 b also !
 degree (  morality ( ! workm51 may be  
recogniz$4    ,aid$ by devot$ & qualifi$
 =em51 su* a patron w make  ! work%op he
 directs ! be/ ( pr(essional s*ools4 ,! 
good workman is made1 l ! good soldi]1  
less by precept ?an  by example1 less by
 g5]al & !oretical k ?an by a  practical
 /ruggle ) ! realities ( 8 trade4       
,come1 !n1 "y conscript ( labor6 ,i w\ld
 h _m m (  ?is k9d & _m few] ( ! o!r4   
7,applause47 ,yes1 !  conscripts (      
agriculture1 9 ^! va/ op5 work%ops t we 
call ! fields1 & ! conscripts ( trade1 9
 ! m  conf9$ b n less fruitful work%ops 
( our cities--!  great1 peaceful army   
:i* =ms ! true p[] & sup]ior  influ5ce (
 a nation4 7,r5ew$ applause47 ,come1    
conscript (  labor6 ,ent] ^u ! field (  
battle ( ! work%op6 ,fight  ^? combats  
:i* are n always )\t dang]s1 nev] )\t   
c\rage & glory6 ,& y1 inur$ =eman1      

capta9 ( ?is noble  militia1 foll[ x1   
guide x1 ex]cise x by look1 & ^w1 &     
ge/ure6 ,see h[ x av5ges its fir/       
defeats by valiant  exploits2 h[ x puts 
its victori\s h& ^u ?is wild bea/1  ?is 
matt]1 revolt$ aga9/ man4 ,x seizes x1 x
 twi/s its  mane1 & f9ally curbs x1     
subdu$1 pliant1 & docile1 to c>ry  on ! 
inv5tions ( sci5ce & ! creations (      
g5ius4  7,applause47    ,g5tlem51 yet a 
^w ) reg>d to ! work%op4 ,x is a place  
:i* ought to complete ! =mation ( !     
moral & religi\s  "*1 at ! same "t t x  
p]fects ! intellig5t &  qualifi$        
workman4 ,x is n alone ! s*ool (        
excell5ce 9  ! pr(ession2 x is also !   
s*ool ( life4 ,! family1 )  its         
auxili>ies1 ! s*ool & ! cate*ism1 has   
provid$ !  !ory ( life m ?an x has giv5 
! practice4 ,! good  precepts h fall5 ^u
 ! consci\sness ( ! *ild 9 !  =m ( a    
my/]i\s revelation1 ( :i* he has felt ! 
p[]  & ! beauty1 b ( :i* he has n be5   
able to seize all  ! significance4 ,e   
!ory1 s f> z x rema9s ab/ract1  diff]s m

 or less f ! reality2 x is ess5tial t x 
desc5d into ! region ( facts1 & t x ent]
 into a  contact ) !m :i*1 f> f de/roy+1
 confirms1 b at  ! same "t modifies &   
fructifies1 x4 ,?is is ! true  t5d5cy ( 
practical life4    ,:51 !n1 ! "m & !    
prie/ h gr\nd$ ?is sublime1  true1 &    
et]nal !ory ( religion & ( virtue1 x    
belongs to  ! work%op to submit x to its
 necess>y & decisive pro(1 to  give or  
refuse x citiz5%ip 9 practical exi/5ce4 
#dgi  ,if1 f9ally1 ev]y?+ 9 ?is new     
s*ool says to ! "y  appr5tice1 ,y\r     
tea*]s h deceiv$ y or are !mselves      
deceiv$2 ! great movem5t ( m5 & ?+s is  
n1 & _c  be1 :at !y h told y2 if ?is    
contradiction ( ! fai?  ( 8 *ildhood    
p5etrate 8 m9d & he>t ?r\gh !  con/ant  
tea*+s ( ^w & example1 by all !         
influ5ces (  ^! moral m$iums1 :i* act ^u
 u ) f> great] =ce  ?an physical m$iums1
 x w come to pass t he w ab&on  !       
pr9ciples ( 8 p>5ts & in/ructors z a    
weak support1  & w all[ himself to glide
 d[n ! s$uctive declivities (  d\bt &   

pleasure4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 he f9d "o
 ( ^!  work%ops too r>e to-day1 :i* are 
! cont9uation ( !  s*ool & fireside     
exp]i5ce2 if he he> & see ! practical   
comm5t>y on all he has believ$ & lov$2  
if he brea! !  pure air ( heal?ful s\ls 
:i* refre%es & =tifies !  consci5ce & ! 
he>t2 y w soon see develop$ to manly    
/ature ^? virtues ( *ildhood in/ill$ 9  
him by ! sacr$  influ5ce ( home & (     
religion1 w>m$ by ! contact ( ^?  two   
he>ts :i* are equal--,i d>e n say t "o  
surpasses !  o!r2 ,god has clo!d !m ) s 
ne>ly ! same t5d]ness  & ! same piety1 =
 ! cradle ( mank9d--! he>t ( !  "m & !  
he>t ( ! prie/4 7,applause47            
,,iii4           ,education ,by ,means  
,( ,! ,sunday4    ,i h j comp>$ ! prie/ 
& ! "m4 ,& inde$1  g5tlem51 if ,i h     
spok5 sep>ately ( ! family & !  work%op1
 ,i h n int5d$ by t to sep>ate !m f     
religion4 ,) ^! two primordial laws (   
love & ( labor (  :i* ,i h indicat$ !   
d\ble home--! family & !  work%op--is   
connect$1 &1 z x 71 int]lac$1 a ?ird    

/ill gr&] law1 :i* =ms ) !m ! div9e     
net-"w (  human exi/5ce--pray]4    ,we  
_c be ! disciples ( an indep5d5t        
morality1 because we  are n p>ticipators
 9 an imp]sonal deity4 ,we h a morality 
:i* comes f ! liv+ ,god & :i* returns to
 him1 & 9  ?is gold5 *a9 :i* b9ds ! e>? 
to heav5 all ! l9ks  are n ! duties (   
man 9 respect to man2 & :5 "o desires   
to be an honorable man 9 ! fulness &    
hol9ess ( ?is t]m1  s (t5 pr(an$1 he mu/
 n disreg>d 9 8 practical respect  ! mo/
 liv+ & sacr$ ( all p]sonalities4 ,n[1  
?is  int]c\rse ( ! liv+ & p]sonal s\l ) 
! liv+ &  p]sonal ,god is :at we call   
pray]1 9 ! fulle/ & mo/  compreh5sive   
s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x is n suffici5t to ?9k ( 
,god2 x is necess>y to pray to him4 ,:5 
"o habituates himself  to rea* him only 
by ?\ght1 he f9i%es by no long] believ+ 
9 ,god2 he vani%es1 or at lea/ he       
trans=ms himself into a  mass ( confus$ 
& icy cl\ds--evanu]unt 9 cogitationibus 
suis--& ( ! ,be+ ( be+s !re rema9s only 
a  sublime b *im]ical ideality4 ,x is   

necess>y to h a he>t1  to h ! arts &    
movem5ts ( a s\l :i* looks up )  respect
 & t5d]ness to ! ,god :o makes x to live
 ^u !  e>?1 to ! ,fa!r :o awaits x 9 !  
heav5s4 ,n ev5  individual pray]        
suffices2 collective pray] is           
necess>y--!  meet+ & communion ( s\ls 9 
! same illum9ation &  f]vidness ( love4 
,?is pray] has a sacr$ day & place--!   
,sunday & ! temple4 ,x is ( ?is day &   
?is place1  g5tlem51 t x rema9s to say  
to y t !y are1 aft] z  be=e ! fir/      
communion1 ! highe/ s*ool ( ! *ild1 (  !
 y\?1 & ( ! man4    #dhj    ,?is is :y !
 fir/ & mo/ ess5tial ( all popul>       
lib]ties  is ! lib]ty ( keep+ ! ,sunday4
 ,!re are m5 :o d n  compreh5d ?is ne$ (
 repose = ! s\l & = ! body4  ,!y are    
usually ^? :o direct "w1 b :o d n p]=m  
x2 :o receive ! pr(it )\t kn[+ !        
fatigue4 ,!y are  ^? :o h n prick$ _!   
h&s on ! h>d asp]ities (  labor1 ) !    
?orns & bri]s ( ! work%op1 & :o h  n be5
 b[$ d[n dur+ six days ov] ! e>? ) _!   
br[s ba!d 9 sweat & _! s\ls exhau/$ )   

suff]+4  ,z = su*1 ,i c conceive ( _!   
objections to ! law (  repose4 ,i c     
compreh5d _! repugnance to ! lib]ty ( ! 
,sunday4 ,b ! labor]1 :5ev] he is n "u !
 pressure (  mat]ial or moral viol5ce1  
:5ev] he is left to 8 own  in/9cts2 he  
claims z 8 mo/ de> & sacr$ "r !         
enjoym5t ( ?is day :i* makes him truly  
free1 truly husb&  & fa!r1 truly a *ild 
( ,god4 ,! s5tim5t ( human dignity      
requires x2 x is ! exig5cy ( family     
life2 x is !  religi\s ne$ ( s\ls2 x is 
! cry ( all t is mo/ noble  & imp]i\s 9 
our nature4    ,i /ill recollect :at ,i 
exp]i5c$ 9 my *ildhood4 ,p]mit me  ?is  
confession1 :i* is y\rs z well1 & :i*   
w\ld be also  t ( our workm54 ,9 !      
morn+1 :5 ,i awoke1 ,i felt  di/9ctly t 
x 0 ,sunday6 ,9 ! clump ( trees ne> !   
w9d[1 ! birds sang m sweetly2 !         
*ur*-bells peal$ m  joy\sly2 ! air 0    
fill$ ) m h>monies & p]fumes2  ! sky 0 s
 beautiful1 ! sun s brilliant6 ,i did n 
und]/& ?is my/]y4 ,i ask$ myself _m     
times h[ nature  ?us became trans=m$ on 

a fix$ day4 ,lat]1 ,i und]/ood x4       
,*ild1 /ill w>m f ! wat]s ( ?y baptism1 
?robb+ f  ! c>esses ( ?y "m1 x is a     
reflection ( ?y religi\s  s\l :i* passes
 ov] nature & makes x m beautiful &  m l
 ?yself4 7,applause47    ,! *ild w arise
 transport$4 ,x w g into ! temple1  :i* 
is ! h\se ( ,god1 b :i* is also ! h\se (
 !  p4 ,! ri* h _! palaces2 !y c cont5t 
!mselves  ) a mode/ *apel4 ,= ! p we mu/
 h ca!drals1  7applause17 & fe/ivals su*
 z are n giv5 to ! pr9ces (  ! e>?1 su* 
z religion alone c realize4 ,! true     
popul>  fe/ival--let me speak ! ^w s mu*
 abus$1 ! true  democratic fe/ival--is  
,sunday4 ,9 ! va/ basilica1 all  ! arts1
 unit$ ar\nd ! alt>1 h m+l$ _!          
en*antm5ts into "o supreme              
en*antm5t--ar*itecture1  /atu>y1 pa9t+1 
music1 above all1 eloqu5ce4 ,yes1       
eloqu5ce6  ,h[ev] unpoli%$ ! words ( !  
prie/ may sometimes be1 by  ! nature ( !
 tru?s he mu/ ann\nce1 by ! *ords :i* he
  is sure to t\* 9 ! human he>t1 ! prie/
 is necess>ily  eloqu5t4 7,applause47 ,!

 p ent]1 & !y feel its  gr&eur4 ,& !    
little *ildr51 z !y cross ! ?re%old1    
are welcom$ l k+s by ! gr& voice ( !    
organ2 !y  brea! ! p]fumes ( inc5se & ( 
fl[]s2 !y li/5 to  ^? maje/ic & t5d]    
*ants1 ^? ,lat9 words1 :i* !y  d n      
compreh5d1 & :i* nev]!less say to !m s  
_m  ?+s--words ( et]nity dropp$ d[n into
 "t1 my/]i\s  secrets ( ! fa!rl&1 a     
glimpse caught 9 exile4 ,transport$  )  
fai?1 ) hope1 & ) love1 !y come f !     
fireside  to ! alt>2 f ! alt> to !      
fireside !y rec>ry to !  "m ! kiss (    
,god1 z !y h c>ri$ to ,god ! kiss (  !  
"m4    #dha    ,?is is ! day ( :i* _!   
fri5ds wi% to deprive !  p--false       
fri5ds1 :o believe only 9 ! body1 :o see
 9  x only mat]ial ne$s1 ! "w & !       
pleasures ( ! bea/  ( burd56 ,c\rti]s ( 
democracy1 y :o flatt] ! p &  despise x1
 believe 9 its s\l1 cr$e animae1 & by t 
beg9 to believe 9 y\r own4 7,applause47 
,yes1 ?is law ( ,sunday1 s religi\sly   
democratic1 is to-day  ev]y:]e          
unrecogniz$4 ,patriotism imposes ^u me  

/ill great]  consid]ation = my c\ntry :5
 ,i speak ^u soil :i* is n  h] own4 ,i  
am mi/ak52 my c\ntry asks ( me only     
equity1 & ,i  "k t if mu* evil c be said
 ( ,france z %e is to-day1  mu* good may
 also ju/ly be said ( h]4 ,i w speak1   
!n1  freely2 ,i w compla9 ( ! violation 
( ! ,sunday 9 !  great indu/rial cities 
( ,france4 ,sometimes ,i mu/ pass ?r\gh 
! /reets 9 go+ to ! *ur* to speak !     
sacr$ ^w4 ,i  revolve 9 my he>t !       
lessons ( ! ,gospel & all along !  way  
are visions ( hell2 heavy wagons1       
axle-trees t groan1  pavem5ts t reek1   
cl\ds ( du/ :i* hide f me ! sun  & !    
face ( ,god4 ,i cov] my eyes ) my h&s & 
say1  groan+1 ,x is ,france t does ?is4 
,! answ] comes1 ,und\bt$ly2 b ?is is    
lib]ty4 ,respect !  lib]ty ( ,france6   
,respect ! consci5ce ( y\r              
fell[-citiz5s6 ,ah6 ,i h no?+ to say    
aga9/ lib]ty4 ,i  speak ( x ) lips z mu*
 m s9c]e & f]v5t z !y  are m ,*ri/ian & 
m ,ca?olic4 ,! h\r is n yet come1       
g5tlem51 b ! h\r w come1 9 :i*          

misappreh5sions  %all cease1 & x w be   
said be=e ! end ( ?is c5tury  t !       
pontiff s great & s unappreciat$1 ,pius 
,,ix41 :o has  mo/ valiantly combat$    
aga9/ revolution1 is ! same :o has  op5$
 ! initiatives ! mo/ bold & mo/         
fruitful--yes1 9  spite ( app>5t        
rev]ses1 ,i say ! mo/ fruitful = !      
lib]ty ( ,europe4 ,let u n d t ) :i* ,/4
 ,paul  reproa*es ! ,*ri/ians ( ,cor9?4 
,we w n dep>t f  ,*ri/2 we w n divide   
ourselves f ,pius ,,ix41 divisus  e/    
,*ri/us6 ,z = me1 9 all ! ext5t ( 8     
glory ,i  accept him2 f 8 prosp]ity s   
pure to 8 mis=tunes s  t\*+2 f ! rais+ (
 ! /&>d ( re=m & progress  9 8 royal &  
prie/ly h&1 previ\s to #ahdh1 to !      
convocation ( ! ecum5ical c\ncil :i*    
unites at ?is h\r  to ! applause (      
,ca?olics ! sympa?y ( ,prote/ants &     
,rationali/s4    ,no6 we w n less5      
lib]ty4 ,we w n w\nd ! int]e/s  ( labor 
nor ! exig5cies ( trade4 ,:at           
contemptible sophisms  ^! are6 ,d y n   
see two great free nations1 two great   

indu/rial nations1 :i* are equal to     
y\rs1 if !y d n  surpass y--,engl& & !  
,unit$ ,/ates8 ,i h _h !  happ9ess to   
visit ,london4 ,i %all nev] =get !      
emotion :i*  fill$ me at ! sight ( ?is  
city1 simil> to ! anci5t  metropolis ( !
 sea :i* ! prophets pa9t2 ! woman :o is 
seat$ ^u ! wat]s1 muli] quae s$et sup]  
aquas4 ,&  9 ! deep waves ,i saw no     
abysses1 b only an imm5se &  solemn     
fluctuation1 & z ! maje/y ( an ev] mov+ 
b  firmly e/abli%$ ?rone4 ,& ! great    
que5 ( ! seas 0  !re1 comm&+ ! isl&s & !
 cont95ts1 rea*+ out 9  ! di/ance ov]   
k+s & peoples1 no long]1 z h]           
pr$ecessors1 ! rod ( oppression1 b !    
b5efic5t sceptre  ( h] ri*es & h]       
lib]ty4  #dhb  ,& ,i he>d ! s\nd ( h]   
va/ trade1 & 9 ! /reets  pass$ ! liv+   
flood ( m5 & *>iots4 ,!n "o day broke  z
 ! days ( my *ildhood2 "o day su* z     
public life no  long] %[s me 9 my       
c\ntry2 "o day :i* did n resemble  o!r  
days4 ,no long] ! noisy c>s 9 ! /reets1 
no long] a  cr[d full ( bus9ess2 !      

gigantic ma*9e :i* mutt]$ &  ?und]$ !   
ev5+ be=e _h sudd5ly /opp$1 z be=e !    
vision ( ,god4 ,! gr& movem5t ( ,engli% 
trade 0 arre/$1  & ,i saw 9 ! /reets    
only ^? :o w5t1 collect$ &  happy1 to ! 
place ( pray]1 & ,i he>d only ! sweet   
h>mony  ( ! ,prote/ant bells1 :i*       
rememb]$ hav+ be5 ,ca?olic  :ile wait+  
to become s aga94 7,applause47    ,let n
 any "o say1 ,engl& is an ari/ocratic & 
feudal p[]2  its ,sabba?-re/ is "o ( !  
remnants ( ! middle ages :i*  mod]n     
brea? w soon h swept away4 ,i look to ! 
o!r side  ( ! sea1 & ,i f9d aga9 ?is    
,anglo-,saxon race :i* c  clo! ! same   
gr&eur "u ! mo/ div]se =ms2 ?is "t  x is
 n ! middle age & ari/ocracy2 x is ! mo/
 advanc$  pr[ ( mod]n civilization1     
sail+ across all glories &              
indiscretions t[>d an unkn[n future4    
,?is is1 ,i love to ?9k1  ! p *os5 by   
,god to r5ew ?+s & to prep>e =  tru?s & 
in/itutions :i* c no long] d )\t new] & 
/rong] ve/m5ts4 ,well1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
obs]ve ! ,sunday z  ,engl& does1 & s5d  

back to u across ! ocean ?is same       
response ( ! sil5ce ( ,god to !         
blasphemies ( m54  7,applause47    ,9   
prais+ ^! great c\ntries1 g5tlem51 ,i d 
n int5d to  recomm5d to y a s]vile      
imitation1 & ,i d n ask t :at  is n 9   
our mann]s %all be inscrib$ 9 our laws4 
,! law  exi/s 9 ,france1 x is true1 b 9 
! /ate ( a dead lett]4  ,i d n desire to
 see x appli$4 ,i am p]suad$ t 9 su*    
c\ntries z ,france & ,belgium great     
inconv5i5ce w\ld arise  by ?is means4   
,:at ,i ask is n ! obligation1 x is !   
lib]ty ( ! ,sunday2 lib]ty by ! ,sunday 
& ! ,sunday by  lib]ty4 7,cries ( ,good4
 ,t is x47 ,yes1 ,i repeat1 ! lib]ty  ( 
! p by ! ,sunday & ! obs]vance ( !      
,sunday by  lib]ty4 ,if ,i _h ! "r to   
speak to gov]nm5ts1 ,i %\ld d  x ) t    
respect :i* is _! due ev5 9 _! faults4  
,ev5 "h1 we h applaud$ ! beautiful words
 ( ,m4 de ,mai/re  on ! subject (       
,russia3 ,i respect all t is            
respectable1 !  sov]eigns & ! p4 ,i say1
 !n1 to !m1 ,give y\r  example1 & ,i ask

 ( y no o!r support = ! cause t ,i      
def5d4 ,let ! public works scrupul\sly  
respect ! ,sunday1 &  ! /ate =ce !      
individual to blu% be=e x4 7,applause47 
,& y1 pr9ces ( trade1 organiz]s1        
legislators1 & mon>*s  ( labor & (      
weal?1 y c d m "h ?an cr[n$ heads2  y h 
be5 p[]ful ag5ts 9 suppress+ ! lib]ty ( 
!  ,sunday2 y w be m p[]ful 9 re/or+ x4 
7,applause47    ,& n[1 g5tlem51 be=e    
clos+1 suff] me to address "o la/  &    
e>ne/ appeal to y\r zeal 9 favor ( ^!   
?ree great  re/or]s 9 ! bosom ( ! labor+
 classes--! family1 !  work%op1 & !     
,sunday4    ,ye/]day1 9 language :i*    
belongs only to himself1 b :i*          
int]prets our feel+s z well1 ,m4 ,le    
,compte de ,fall\x said to  ! illu/ri\s 
,bi%op ( ,orleans1 ,my ,"l1 y h         
recomm5d$  u to arise e>ly2 b y h jo9$  
example to precept2 y  h ev] be5 !      
/&>d-be>] 9 all good causes4  #dhc      
,well1 :at ,i c\ld wi% is1 t ea* "o ( u 
c\ld also be  among ! /&>d-be>]s2 t we  
c\ld h ! honor1 we  ,ca?olics1 ( be+ 9  

advance ( o!rs 9 ! practical  k ( :at is
 prep>+ 9 ! approximate future4    ,:at 
is approa*+8 ,x is call$ by an          
illy-def9$ "n1 :i*  awak5s passions &   
diss5sions--democracy4 ,two ye>s ago ,i 
attempt$ to expla9 ?is ^w at            
,notre-,dame de ,p>is1 ,footnote  #dh & 
,i h be5 blam$ = x by "s4 ,i h s9ce f\nd
 a  simil> def9ition 9 ! rec5t writ+s ( 
! honor$ bi%op  :om ,i h j nam$4 ,i     
retake x1 !n1 ) pride1 & ,i say  to all 
^? :o invoke ?is "n1 ,!re are two       
democracies 9  ! _w4 ,:i* is y\rs8 ,is x
 radical revolution8 ,does social       
hi]>*y1 entirely pro/rat$ be=e ! =ce (  
numb]s1  con/itute ! gr&eur (           
intellig5ce & virtue8 ,is x !  brutal   
level :i* passes ov] all ?+s to cru% &  
to l[]8  ,if ?is be y\r democracy1 x is 
! wor/ ( b>b>isms1 & we  w combat x1 if 
necess>y1 ev5 to ! %$d+ ( our blood4  ,b
 if democracy be ! gradual & peaceable  
elevation ( !  labor+ & suff]+ masses1  
:o are call$ peasants 9 !  c\ntry &     
workm5 9 our cities2 if x be _!         

elevation to a  m ext5d$ k1 to a m      
secure well-be+1 to a m  effici5t &     
ref9$ morality1 & by legitimate         
consequ5ce to  a m ext5sive social      
influ5ce2 we are ) ?is democracy1  n    
only because we are ! sons ( our c5tury1
 b because we  are ! sons ( ! ,gospel4  
,footnote #di        ,footnote #dh3     
,adv5t ,conf]5ces ( #ahfe4 7#c;d        
conf]5ce47        ,footnote #di3 ,if    
democracy be ! ris+ ( ! common      p1 (
 ! peasants & ! labor]s1 to a high]     
/&>d ( education1 ( well-be+1 (         
morality1 (      legitimate influ5ce1 ! 
*ur* is ) democracy4      --,a!ism &    
,social ,p]il1 by ,monsignor ! ,bi%op ( 
,orleans4 #ahff4 p4 #aff4    ,i see x   
arise4 ,i salute x 9 y\r "n2 ?is        
,*ri/ian  democracy1 hav+ its deep &    
solid f\ndations 9 ! homes1  ! work%ops 
( trade1 & 9 ! sanctu>y ( our temples4  
,x  w *ange hi/ory1 :i*1 9 ! pa/1 has   
only record$ !  intrigues ( ! wily or ! 
conque/s ( ! /rong1 !  p[]lessness (    
policy1 ! too frequ5t corruption ( ri*es

  & art4 ,x w give to ! sages a subject 
( m$itation 9 !  intellig5t & fai?ful   
work+ out ( ! laws ( private life1  to  
:i* public life itself is subord9ate :5 
x is und]/ood4  ,x w cause a great p to 
spr+ up :o w seek !  practical welf>e ( 
_! exi/5ce1 z well z ! inspiration  ( _!
 lit]ature & art1 9 family affection1 ! 
/ruggles  & joys ( labor1 & 9 ! *a/e    
emotions ( pray] & !  spl5did fe/ivities
 ( religion4    ,und\bt$ly1 ! crisis t  
we are pass+ ?r\gh is "o ( !  mo/       
important & t]rible t our race has kn[n4
 ,let u raise  our ef=ts1 our c\rage1 & 
our fai? to ! height ( ^!  solemn ev5ts1
 b nev] d\bt ! f9al issue4 ,i c expla9 !
  ru9s ( pagan society2 b ! society :i* 
has t\*$ ,jesus  ,*ri/1 ! humanity :i*  
has possess$ = c5turies ! _s  ( !       
,gospel--9 a ^w1 ,europe--%e may suff]1 
%e may be 9  ! pangs ( dea?1 b %e _c    
die4 7,prolong$ applause47    --------  
#dhd                 ,mat] ,filii4      
,beh9d ?is va/ & wondr\s frame      ,(  
worlds :]e( we no?+ "k    ,except _!    

aspects1 & _! "n1--      ,beh9d ?is     
bl9d1 bewild]+ %[      ,( %apes t on !  
d>kness trace      ,transitions fair &  
fugitive1    ,lies hid t p[] ^u ^: face 
,no *ild ( man %all gaze & live4      ,z
 "o t 9 broad sun%9e /&s      ,:ile m9/]
 organs ne> him roll1    ,scre5+ 8      
=ehead ) 8 h&s1      ,& foll[+ ?r\gh !  
gulfs ( s\l      ,"s memory t be=e him  
flies--      ,?us1 p[] et]nal & unkn[n1 
,we muse on ?9e imm5sities1      ,yet   
f9d !e 9 ?y ,son alone4                 
,immanuel--,god ) u--9 him      ,!      
l9eam5ts div9e are glass$    ,l m\nta9  
outl9es1 vague & dim      ,^u ! mi/s (  
morn+ ca/4      ,! ,^w made ,fle%6 ,o   
p[] div9e6      ,?r\gh him1 ?r\gh him1  
we guess at !e1    ,& deeplie/ feel t he
 is ?9e      ,:5 ?ron$ ^u 8 "m's knee4  
,if ,i b t\* 8 ve/ure's hem1      ,i    
%all be heal$1 & /rong1 & free--    ,?\ 
w]t 8 ve/ure1 ,m>y2--!m      ,8 virtue  
heals t cl+ to !e6                      
,aubrey ,de ,v]e4    --------    #dhe   
,! ,sacrifice & ! ,ransom4              

,introduction4      ,among ! v>i\s      
manife/ations ( ,*ri/ian *>ity 9 !      
middle ages--*>ity sometimes            
ill-und]/ood p]haps1 b always  s9c]e &  
en?usia/ic--!re are few t %[ m          
expressively to :at a degree ! love (   
our fell[-creature c  suppress all      
egoti/ical in/9cts1 ?an ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy 
=  ! r$emption ( captives4 ,su/a9$ &    
enc\rag$ by holy  *>ity1 ! ,fa!r ( ,m]cy
 emb>k$ ea* ye> at ,m>seilles1  brav+   
plague1 m>tyrdom1 & slav]y4 ,9 ! "n ( t 
heav5ly ,k+1 ( :om he consid]$ himself !
 ambassador1 he  dem&$ f ! a/oni%$      
tyrant ( ,algi]s ! lib]ty ( !  ,*ri/ian 
captives1 until !n app>5tly condemn$    
nev] to see  aga9 _! homes4 ,! savage   
,dey1 aw$ by ! h]oic confid5ce  ( !     
un>m$ pilgrim--mov$1 p]haps1 by "s      
secret  compassion1 accept$ ! gold (f]$ 
z ransom2 & ! obscure  & humble fa!r    
recross$ ! sea1 & return$ aga9 on foot  
to 8 di/ant mona/]y4    ,& :at 0 ! orig9
 ( ?is in/itution8 ,no legislative      
assembly1 no c\ncil ( m9i/]s is entitl$ 

to ! honor (  hav+ conceiv$ ! idea ( ?is
 pi\s ent]prise4 ,! lov+  he>t ( a man  
:o _h devot$ himself f 8 *ildhood to !  
s]vice ( suff]+ humanity 0 ! fir/ to    
devise a plan (  c>ry+ relief &         
consolation to mis=tunes :i*1 until !n1 
_h seem$ beyond ! ord9>y action (       
,*ri/ian *>ity4 ,pet]  ,nolasque1 !     
f\nd] ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy1 0 born 9 #aahi1
  ne> ,ca/elnaud>i1 9 ,langu$oc1        
,france4 ,8 le>n+ 0 z  rem>kable z 8    
piety1 s t at ! age ( tw5ty-five1 !     
education ( ! son ( ,pet] ( ,aragon 0   
confid$ to him by  ! celebrat$ ,simon ( 
,mont=t4 ,x 0 :ile at ! c\rt (          
,b>celona1 9 ?is high & responsible     
position1 t ,pet]  ,nolasque resolv$ to 
devote 8 life & =tune to ! ransom (  !  
,*ri/ian slaves :o langui%$ hopelessly1 
"u ! burn+  sun ( ,africa4    ,= ?is    
purpose he det]m9$ to e/abli% a religi\s
 ord] =  ! deliv]ance ( captives4       
,sev]al noblem5 contribut$ l>ge  sums ( 
money t[>d ! good "w2 ! c\rt ( ,rome    
gave its  supreme approbation1 & on ,/4 

,lawr5ce's day1 #abbc1 ,pet]  ,nolasque 
0 decl>$ ! fir/ g5]al ( ! new           
in/itution1  & inve/$ ) ! mona/ic habit4
 ,he liv$ f> f c\rts  dur+ ! re/ ( 8    
life1 travell+ pa9fully on foot to  c>ry
 consolation & fre$om to ! wret*$ be+s  
he piti$ s  truly4 ,m ?an f\r hundr$    
,*ri/ians 7 deliv]$ f !  h&s ( !        
,mussulman by 8 ef=ts alone4    ,he di$ 
on ,*ri/mas-day1 #abef1 leav+ beh9d him 
! memory (  a pure & g5]\s life1 & an   
in/itution :i* soon numb]$  among its   
memb]s _m ( ! brave/ & noble/ *evali]s (
  ,france4                      ----    
#dhf                   ,! ,sacrifice4   
,x 0 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l #acfc4 ,! curfew 
bell _h j  be5 rung1 ! doors ( ! village
 h\ses 7 all fa/ %ut1  & )9 ! ca/le wall
 ! measur$ tread ( ! s5t9el on  !       
battlem5ts 0 ! only s\nd t met ! e>4    
,if1  p]*ance1 "s belat$ travell] 0 /ill
 abroad1 he hung 8  ros>y ar\nd 8 neck1 
& hurri$ onw>d mutt]+ pi\s              
ejaculations2 = a heavy mi/ deep5$ !    
%ades ( night1 &  ! sad wail+s ( ! w9d &

 ! hoot+s ( ! owl m+l+  toge!r1 s\nd$   
om9\sly 9 8 t]rifi$ e>s4    ,! only     
light visible 0 9 ! *apel ( ! mona/]y1  
:]e  ! monks ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy 7 recit+ 
_! ev5+  pray]s4 ,!y _h j end$ ! la/ &  
solemn petition =  all ,*ri/ians1       
captive & suff]+ 9 ! h&s ( !  infidel1  
:5 ! bell at ! great gate ( ! holy h\se 
rang l\dly1 & ! bro!r-port]1 ris+ f 8   
knees1  ha/5$ to reconnoitre by ! wicket
 :o x 0 dem&$  admittance at su* an     
unusual h\r4    ,?ree p]sons 7 at !     
gate2 "o1 a "y man1 wore a ri*          
emblazon$ coat ( arms2 8 head 0 uncov]$ 
save by ! long  clu/]+ curls ( d>k hair1
 n[ heavy ) ! night-damp1  t desc5d$ to 
8 %\ld]s2 a y\?1 app>5tly 8 page1  bore 
9 8 arms ! knight's helmet4 ,! ?ird     
individual 0 an  old man1 :o kept       
himself 9 ! backgr\nd1 & :o appe>$ by  8
 pla9 /eel cuirass to be an humble      
squire1 gr[n gray 9  h>ness4    ,!      
page's y\?ful face 0 sad & timid2 ! eld]
 man's  %[$ ! traces ( viol5t passions 9
 ! deep l9es t  furr[$ x1 & 8 eyes ev5  

n[ seem$ to fla% 9 ! light  ( ! tor* t !
 monk c>ri$4 ,! *evali]'s noble         
c\nt5ance 0 pale & grave1 & he /ood     
lean+ p5sively on  8 sword4 ,:at wi% y1 
,messire8 ask$ ! bro!r-port] (  !       
knight1 :51 aft] a deep b %>p scrut9y1 8
 d\bts  7 remov$ z to ! quality ( !     
/rang]s4    ,may x please ! ,rev]5d     
,fa!r ,prior to grant me a %ort         
int]view8    ,may x be z y desire1      
,messire4 ,i w seek ! rev]5d  ,fa!r :5 y
 h ent]$ ) y\r foll[]s4    ,! heavy     
iron-b\nd gate ( ! conv5t turn$ on its  
massive  h+es1 & clos$ ! in/ant t !     
travell]s 7 )94    ,! gold5 spurs ( !   
*evali] res\nd$ on ! cloi/]'s  m>ble    
flags z he foll[$ ! monk1 & he murmur$  
to himself  ! words ( ! ,psalm1 ,haec   
requies mea 9 seculum  seculi--b 8 page 
& 8 squire knew no ,lat91 & 8  conductor
 he>d him n4    ,!y 7 introduc$ into a  
spaci\s anci5t p>lor l9$ )  high black  
oak5 wa9scot2 ! bro!r plac$ ! tor* he   
c>ri$ 9 an iron claw t 0 fix$ 9 ! wall =
 t  purpose1 & invit$ ! /rang]s to seat 

!mselves on !  b5* t ran r\nd ! *amb]1  
!n b[+ pr(\ndly1 left  !m4    ,! squire 
imm$iately drew ne>] to 8 "y "l :o      
appe>$  to be absorb$ 9 ?\ght4    ,h[1  
my "l1 cri$ he1 is x possible t y       
believe t  ^! monks c =w>d y\r plans8   
,:y ?us ret>d our j\rney8  ,a few days m
 & we %\ld h rea*$ our goal1 & _m a     
good man & true w\ld h made y\r qu>rel 8
 own4 ,! brave  free companies w\ld h   
s]v$ y z nev] a hood$ prie/ 9  ,france6 
,bani% all su* ?\ghts = ! future1       
,mi*el1 repli$ !  knight1 x is bett] to 
p>don ?an to rev5ge4    #dhg    ,good   
,sa9t ,d5is6 d ,i he> ! ,"l (           
,montorgueil aright6 ,my  "l1 p>don !   
frank spee* ( an old soldi]1 b nev] 0  !
 escut*eon ( y\r h\se dimm$ )\t be+ wa%$
 9  blood--& w\ld y be ! fir/ to let x  
lie soil$ 9 !  du/8    ,alas6 ,mi*el1 x 
is inde$ true t too mu* blood has be5   
%$ 9 ! qu>rels ( our h\se6    ,holy     
,virg96 c x be possible t my liege "l   
has =gott5  ! duties ( a valiant knight8
    ,fri5d1 repli$ ! "y w>rior /]nly    

:ile 8 pale *eek  r$d5$ ) ! emotion     
awak5$ by ! squire's reproa*1 ,i  h     
rememb]$ t ,i 0 a ,*ri/ian be=e ,i 0    
made a  knight6    ,mi*el drew back 9   
sil5ce1 gaz+ on 8 ma/] ) a  c\nt5ance 9 
:i* a/oni%m5t & grief 7 ne>ly equally   
portray$1 :ile ! ,"l ( ,montorgueil     
sil5tly proce$$ to  take (f 8 %\ld]-belt
 & untie 8 silk5 sc>f4    ,! heavy oak5 
door at l5g? op5$ & ! v5]able prior     
ent]$4 ,quick z ?\ght1 ! knight ?rew !  
sword he held 9  8 h&s at ! monk's feet2
 !n1 fall+ on 8 knees1  exclaim$ 9 a    
l\d1 firm voice1 ,rev]5d ,fa!r1 9 ! "n (
  ,god & ( ! holy ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,i1 ,ra\l
 de ,montorgueil1  *evali]1 pray &      
conjure y to admit me into ! religi\s  &
 dev\t obs]vance ( our ,lady ( ,m]cy1 = 
! deliv]ance  ( captives6    ,am51 my   
son1 s be x1 if x be ,god :o s5ds !e1   
repli$  ! ,prior4    ,my "l1 my "l1 cri$
 ,mi*el1 rememb] ! ,sire ( ,val]i6      
,pr\d w he be1 & l\d 8 boa/ t fe> ( him 
has mov$  y to ?is4 ,y "k 8             
outre-cui-dance6    ,o my wor%ipful "l6 

exclaim$ ! timid page1 bur/+ into  te>s1
 ?9k ( y\r lady-"m6    ,i ?9k ( !       
salvation ( my s\l m ?an ( all else1    
repli$ ! *evali]4    ,sil5ce1 good      
fri5d6 said ! prior1 z ,mi*el appe>$    
ab\t  to attempt ano!r remon/rance2 & y1
 my son1 seat y\rself  "h by my side1 & 
tell me :at has induc$ y to seek ?is    
peaceful sanctu>y4    ,! "y knight arose
 & plac$ himself on ! wood5 b5* by  !   
monk2 !n1 keep+ 8 eyes /eadfa/ly b5t to 
! gr\nd  z if to avoid ! sight ( 8 two  
weep+ reta9]s1 ,rev]5d  ,fa!r1 he said1 
mo/ bitt] is ! remembrance ( ! pa/2  = !
 la/ "t w ,i rec\nt ! evil ?\ghts & de$s
 t  once seem$ s natural to me4 ,= _m a 
ye> all ,brittany has  res\nd$ ) ! feuds
 ( ! ,lords ( ,montorgueil & !  ,sires (
 ,val]i2 bitt] has be5 ! hatr$ & bloody 
! /rife  betwe5 ^! two pr\d h\ses2 b ,i 
w n recall pa/  outrages--let me relate 
only ! la/ deadly wrong t fill$ my  he>t
 ) unspeakable ?ir/ ( v5geance4         
,twelve days h n yet expir$ s9ce !      
passage ( arms at  ,r5nes2 ! ,sire (    

,val]i 0 !re at ! head ( a num]\s       
company ( 8 p>tisans1 & defi$ me to s+le
 combat1 )  _m a va9 & bragg+ ^w4 ,i    
accept$ 8 *all5ge1 resolv$  to be !     
victor or die4 ,! onslaught 0 t]rible1 =
 we 7  equal 9 /r5g? & skill1 & we long 
p>ri$ ea* o!r's  ?ru/s4 ,=c$ at la/ to  
pause to take brea?1 ! ,sire (  ,val]i  
propos$ a truce4    ',let u meet a mon? 
h5ce1' he cri$1 ') tw5ty good m5  ea*1 &
 end our qu>rel4'    #dhh    ',:y %\ld  
we adj\rn till ano!r day :at c be s well
  end$ n[8' ,i repli$2 'our swords w be 
no %>p] & our  hate no hott]4 ,no1 may  
my spurs be hack$ (f my heels by y\r    
base/ v>let1 ere ,i cons5t to %ea! aga9 
my sword be=e "o  ( u fall6' ,!n aga9   
fa/ & furi\s fell our bl[s until !      
traitor knight mak+ a fe9t1 /ruck me    
be=e ,i _h "t to  cov] & ,i fell4       
',yield6' cri$ my exult+ foe4 ',nev]6   
,nev]6'  ,i repli$4 ',!n die ! dea?6' & 
he rais$ 8 weapon4    ,at t mom5t my "y 
bro!r--alas6 alas6 :y did my  lady-"m   
br+ him to ^? fatal li/s6--my "y bro!r  

leapt ov] ! b>ri]s & sprang to !        
rescue--! heavy  blade desc5d$ on 8 fair
 head6 ,fa!r1 ,i saw ! long hair (  !   
noble *ild r$ ) 8 "y life's blood1 & ,i 
saw no  m4 ,:5 ,i awoke f my deadly     
swoon1 ,i f\nd t my good  squire & g5tle
 page _h c>ri$ me f ! li/s & 7  weep+   
ov] me :ile !y swore v5geance on ! enemy
 ( our  h\se4    ,i1 too1 ?ir/$ =       
v5geance1 = v5geance on all ! ki?  & k9 
( ! h\se ( ,val]i1 & ,i resolv$ to seek 
fifty  lances & attack ! miscreant 9 8  
/ronghold4 ,va9ly my  lady-"m pray$ me  
to lay aside my sword & live = h]4      
',leave v5geance to heav51' %e said1 ',i
 h se5 too mu*  blood--,o my son6 let me
 n weep ov] ! mangl$ corpse ( my  la/   
*ild6' ,va9ly %e pray$2 ,i left h]1     
rev]5d fa!r1 to  m\rn ov] ! grave ( my  
bro!r1 :ile ,i c>ri$ dea? to !  home/ead
 ( our enemy4    ,b z ,i j\rney$ t[>d ! 
qu>t]s ( ! ,free ,companions1  foll[$ by
 ^!1 my squire & page1 int5d+ to enli/  
"s  good lances "u my bann]1 !          
remembrance ( my "m's grief  return$    

aga9 & aga91 & my he>t s(t5$ ea* "t t ,i
  ?\ght ( h]1 *ildless & alone 9 h]     
sorr[4 ,i 0  m$itat+ sadly ?is v day1 :5
 ! s\nd ( a bell r++  ! ,angelus rem9d$ 
me t x 0 ! h\r ( pray]1  & ,i alight$ f 
my horse to repeat an ,ave ,m>ia4 ,:5 ,i
 said1  ',pray = u 9 ! h\r ( our dea?1' 
,i ask$ myself =  ! fir/ "t1 if 9 t     
supreme h\r ! remembrance ( my  rev5ge  
w\ld be sweet to me1 & if1 :5 9 !       
pres5ce ( him  :o is ! suz]a9 ( ! "l z  
well z ( ! vassal1 ,i  %\ld d>e to vaunt
 me ( ! blood ,i _h %$4 ,?us ,i cont9u$ 
to reflect z ,i resum$ my j\rney1 until 
at la/ ,i f\nd myself  be=e ! gate ( ?is
 holy h\se1 & ,i he>d e*o+ b5ea?  ! ar*$
 cloi/]s ! /ra9s ( t sweet ,salve       
,reg9a1 t pilgrims say ! angels s+ at   
night beside !  f\nta9s4    ,all !      
bitt]ness & angui% ( my he>t melt$ away 
z ,i  li/5$2 ',o ,"m ( ,m]cy6' ,i cri$1 
'x is !n "h t  ?\ art await+ me8 ,yes1  
,i w h5ce=? be ?y knight2 x is  bett]1  
,i feel1 to wipe te>s away1 ?an to cause
 !m to fl[4'  ,i ?rew myself on my      

knees1 & :5 aga9 ! holy /ra9s  repeat$  
',o clem5s6 ,o pia6 ,o dulcis ,virgo    
,m>ia6' my  resolution 0 firmly tak51 & 
,i _h v[$ myself to !  s]vice ( ! bless$
 ,virg94 ,receive me !n1 ,fa!r1 z h]    
s]vant4    ,ra\l ?rew himself once m on 
8 knees be=e ! v5]able  prie/1 :o rais+ 
8 arms t[>d heav51 sil5tly gave ?anks  =
 ?is miracul\s conv]sion2 !n turn+ t[>d 
! knight1  bless$ him & gave him ! kiss 
( peace4 ,h[ admirable are  ! ways (    
,god1 my son1 said he2 h[ little did my 
bre?r5  & ,i ?9k :ile we 7 pray+ ?is    
night = all captives1  t !re 0 "o s ne> 
u be+ fre$ at t mom5t f 8  bonds6 ,?\   
wa/ smitt5 on ! road1 my son1 l ,sa9t   
,paul2  l him ?\ art1 p]haps1 de/9$ to  
become a *os5 vessel (  grace4  #dhi  ,9
 ! "n ( ,god & ( ! bless$ ,virg91 ,i    
receive !e into  our holy ord]1 & admit 
!e to ! ordeal ( our novitiate4    ,!   
sobs ( ! two reta9]s _h be5 ! only sign 
( _!  pres5ce t !y _h giv5 :ile ! knight
 0 speak+2 b  n[ ! old squire ca/       
himself at 8 feet1 & 9 brok5  acc5ts    

bes\ght him to h pity on 8 poor vassals1
 & n  ab&on !m to ! sc(fs & outrages ( !
 enemy ( 8  h\se4    ,h pity on u1      
repeat$ ! page1 wr++ 8 h&s4    ,my      
fri5ds1 weep n l wom51 repli$ _! ma/]1  
,i h  ?\ght ( ev]y?+4 ,god w com=t my   
lady-"m1 & %e  w rejoice to h h] son a  
knight ( ! holy ,virg94 ,my  k9sman     
,ga/on w be y\r "l2 he is wor?y ( !     
inh]itance  ,i leave him1 = he has a    
noble & g5]\s he>t4 ,he is "y1  x is    
true1 b ,i w place him "u ! tutelage (  
,messire  ,b]tr& du ,guescl91 & foolh>dy
 w he be :o %all !n  attack our h\se or 
h>m its vassals4 ,rev]5d ,fa!r1 ,i crave
  y\r hospitality = my two reta9]s1 & ,i
 entreat y to  p]mit me n[ to seek peace
 & /r5g? 9 pray]4    ,! prior took 8 h& 
& conduct$ him 9 sil5ce to !  *apel4 ,a 
s+le lamp burnt be=e ! sanctu>y1 & %$ a 
fa9t1 solemn light ^u ! image ( our     
,lady ( ,m]cy4 ,ra\l  pro/rat$ himself  
at ! foot ( ! alt> & p\r$ =? 8  ard5t   
s\l 9 supplication4 ,:5 he arose1 !     
m>ble /eps 7  wet ) te>s4    ,fa!r1 he  

said to ! prior1 ,i am /rong n[--!      
sacrifice  is accompli%$4    ,! "y      
conv]t pass$ t night 9 writ+4 ,he       
address$ a  long & lov+ lett] to 8 "m1  
relat+ to h] all 8  /ruggle--8 burn+ wi%
 = v5geance1 8 fe> ( %ame1 !  t5d] m]cy 
t _h t\*$ 8 he>t3 ! p>*m5t on :i*  he   
wrote 0 /a9$ ) _m a te>4 ,i c\ld n rema9
 9 !  secul> _w )\t rev5g+ our injuries1
 said he 9  conclusion1 ,i h left x t ,i
 may p>don4 ,honor$ lady &  de> "m1     
bless y\r son & pray = him4    ,to      
,messire ,b]tr& du ,guescl9 he gave a   
rapid sket* ( !  facts1 & bes\ght 8     
protection = 8 "y k9sman1 n[  ,"l (     
,montorgueil4    ,a ?ird lett] /ill     
rema9$ to be writt52 h[ mu* x co/ him   
to break ?is la/ l9k ) ! outw>d _w1 0   
reveal$ by  ! sobs t bur/ f 8 quiv]+    
lips1 by ! te>s t  dropp$ heavily on !  
oak5 table on :i* he lean$4 ,no1  cri$  
he at la/1 ?is tie _c be brok51 & tak+  
8 p5 he trac$ "s hurri$ words3 !y 7     
address$ to 8  bro!r-9-arms1 8 fri5d1 8 
playmate 9 happy *ildhood1 8  rival 9 8 

fir/ feats ( arms4    ,de> ,aym>1 7 8   
conclud+ words1 my he>t c nev]  *ange   
t[>d y--oh6 believe t x beats ! same "u 
!  monk's frock z "u ! knight's armor6  
,= love ( me1  ,aym>1 av5ge n my qu>rel4
    ,! anci5t squire1 :o _h pass$ !     
night 9 lam5tations1  int]rupt$ only by 
exclamations ( indignant surprise at !  
peaceful slumb]s ( 8 "y companion1 look$
 v sad &  we>y :5 ,ra\l ent]$ 8 *amb] at
 break ( day4    ,mi*el1 said ! knight1 
sp>e me y\r reproa*es & te>s2  !y c     
avail no?+ to *ange my purpose1 b ,i h  
ne$ (  all my =titude4 ,"h are div]s    
messages2 be he$ful ( !m1  t !y may rea*
 _! de/9ation spe$ily4    #dij    ,he   
put into ! squire's h&s ! lett]s he _h  
prep>$1 ea*  fa/5$ ) a silk5 /r+1 &     
impress$ ) 8 seal4    ,give ?is ros>y ( 
gold5 beads to my lady "m1 he  cont9u$1 
%e hung x on my neck :5 we p>t$2 h5ce=? 
:5 %e tells x1 ! remembrance ( h] ,ra\l 
w be m+l$  ) e pray]4 ,?is r+1 t ,i won 
9 my fir/ t\rnam5t1  is = ,aym> de      
,bonc\rt2 beg him also to take my armor 

& my  w>-horse4 ,& n[ f>ewell1 ,mi*el1 !
 mat9-bell is r++1  & ,i belong no long]
 to ! _w1 b to ,god4 ,f>ewell1 old      
fri5d1 f>ewell2 be z fai?ful to ,ga/on z
 y h be5 to  me4 ,he ?rew himself on !  
old man's brea/ & press$ him to  8 he>t1
 !n te>+ himself f 8 arms1 he gaz$ an   
in/ant t5d]ly on ! /ill sleep+ page4    
,recomm5d ?is poor  *ild to ! new ,"l ( 
,montorgueil1 ,mi*el1 & be ev] 8  fri5d4
 ,he /oop$ & kiss$ ! boy's smoo? br[1 !n
 turn$  s(tly away--! door clos$1 & !   
squire & ! page nev]  look$ on him aga94
    ,:5 ! morn+ pray]s 7 end$1 ! prior  
summon$ !  disconsolate reta9]s to 8    
pres5ce1 &1 aft] a disc\rse  full (     
consolation & good c\nsel1 dismiss$ !m )
 a  h&some l>gess f _! belov$ ma/]4 ,we 
w n foll[  !m on _! j\rney2 suffice x to
 say t :5 ! lady (  ,montorgueil receiv$
 h] son's unexpect$ lett]1 ! fir/ pang  
( sorr[ & regret 0 excruciat+1 b !      
,*ri/ian "m  0 soon able to accept !    
sacrifice4 ,%e ceas$ to grieve1 &  9 a  
few mon?s retir$ to a conv5t1 :]e %e    

pass$ ! re/  ( h] peaceful & honor$     
life4    ,du ,guescl91 ^: noble he>t 0  
full ( g5]\s sympa?y1  l\dly proclaim$ 8
 affection = ,ra\l1 & 8 det]m9ation  to 
protect ! h\se ( ,montorgueil4 ,?is 0   
suffici5t to  prev5t all attempts ( !   
,sire ( ,val]i aga9/ ! vassals  & l&s ( 
! new "l2 & he cont5t$ himself )  :isp]+
 accusations ( c[>dice aga9/ ! knight :o
 _h  left ! dea? ( 8 bro!r unav5g$1 & 8 
own qu>rel  unvoid$4    ,aym> alone c\ld
 n be com=t$ = ! loss ( 8  bro!r-9-arms1
 & x 0 long be=e he 0 se5 to take 8     
wont$ place 9 ! fea/s & t\rnam5ts t =m$ 
!  great] "p ( ! occupations ( ! "y     
*evali]s ( 8  "t & c\ntry4    ,ra\l     
meantime consummat$ 8 sacrifice2 8 long 
curls 7  cropp$ close1 & ! monk's :ite  
wool5 robe replac$ !  knight's brocade &
 velvet4 ,aft] a novitiate ( a ye> & a  
day1 he pron\nc$ ! ?ree v[s ( 8 ord] 9 !
 ,*apel (  our ,lady ( ,m]cy1 ) an      
especial promise to give 8 life =  !    
ransom ( captives4 ,f ?is "t =w>d he 0  
only kn[n  z ! ,bro!r ,sa9te ,foi4      

-------                 ,! ,ransom4     
,"t pass$ away1 & ,france 0 once m at   
peace ) ,engl&  = a brief space2 at     
peace1 b f> f tranquil1 = ! ,free       
,companies1 :i* at fir/ consi/$ only (  
nobles1 y\ng] sons  ( p[]ful lords1 _h  
be5 t]ribly augm5t$ by ! disb&$  soldi]s
 ( bo? c\ntries1 :o f\nd inaction       
intol]able1 &  :o n[ ravag$ h]          
def5celess prov9ces4 ,9 va9 ! outrag$  p
 cri$ = help & protection2 ! /ate1 )\t  
money or  m51 0 unable ei!r to prev5t or
 puni%4  #dia  ,at l5g? ! brave du      
,guescl9 imag9$ a means to employ ^!    
fi]y spirits4 ,he s\ght ! =midable b&1  
!n encamp$ on  ! pla9s ( ,*alon1 at !   
head ( two hundr$ *evali]s1 &  address$ 
!m3 ,mo/ ( y1 said he1 7 once my        
companions-9-arms1 y are all my fri5ds4 
,y\r vocation is n  to ravage & de/roy1 
b to conqu] & save4 ,necessity1 only1   
,i "k1 has =c$ y to su* extremities4 ,i 
come n[ to (f]  y ! means ( liv+        
honorably & ( fight+ glori\sly4  ,spa9  
groans b5ea? ! yoke ( ! ,s>ac53 w\ld y n

  r *oose to be ! deliv]]s ( a great    
nation ?an !  ru9 ( ?is fair c\ntry8    
,at ^! words ! ,free ,companions        
surr\nd$ ! *ief1 & )  en?usia/ic        
acclamations swore z "o man to foll[ him
  :i!rsoev] he %\ld lead4 ,! noble/ ( ! 
,fr5* *ivalry  jo9$ ! ent]prise1 & ,spa9
 soon ree*o$ ) !  well-kn[n w>-cry (    
,notre-,dame ,guescl96    ,! ,sire (    
,val]i & "y ,aym> ( ,bonc\rt 7 among !  
brave/ ( du ,guescl9's gallant b&1 & _! 
exploits soon  became ! favorite !mes ( 
! tr\bad\rs & tr\vres (  tuneful1       
glory-lov+ ,france4 ,b :5 ! *ief & 8    
victori\s w>riors return$ to _! native  
l&1 ,aym> & !  ,sire ( ,val]i 7 n among 
!m4 ,_h !y fall5 9 ! la/  bloody        
enc\nt]8 ,_h !y be5 traitor\sly ensn>$ &
 7  !y n[ langui%+ 9 "s ,moori% dungeon8
 ,sev]al ( !  adv5tur]s affirm$ t ! two 
knights _h emb>k$ =  ,france1 b no      
vessel f ,gallicia _h rea*$ a port (    
,brittany4    ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,ord] (     
,m]cy 7 soon aw>e ( ! rumors  t         
circulat$ conc]n+ ! fate ( ! two brave/ 

*evali]s  ( ! age2 _! cont9ual ef=ts to 
collect funds = !  ransom ( captives    
plac$ !m 9 communication ) all p>ts (   
,*ri/5dom1 & ! news ( ! disappe>ance ( !
 ,sire (  ,val]i quickly rea*$ ! e>s (  
,bro!r ,sa9te ,foi4 ,!  my/]i\s fate (  
him :o 0 ,ra\l's enemy sadd5$ him1 b    
t]rible inde$ 0 ! pang he felt :5 he    
le>nt t 8  fri5d ,aym> 0 also lo/4 ,all 
8 =titude1 all 8  resignation1 sudd5ly  
=sook him1 & he wept bitt]ly4    ,my    
son1 said ! prior reproa*fully1 ,i ?\ght
 ?\ wa/ dead  to all e>?ly ?+s4    ,o   
rev]5d fa!r6 repli$ he1 e>?ly ?+s are   
p]i%able1  b holy fri5d%ip comes f      
,heav5 & die? n4 ,let me weep  = my     
fri5d4 ,david wept = ,jona?an2 _! s\ls 7
 "o2  m9e also 0 "o ) ,aym>'s4    ,f ?is
 "t =w>d ! "y monk seem$ to wa/e away1 8
  *eek grew ?9n] & pal]1 8 eyes 7 dim & 
te>-worn4 ,9  va91 hop+ to ar\se him1 8 
sup]ior s5t him )\t1 to  seek funds = _!
 "w ( *>ity2 no *ange ( sc5e c\ld       
dispel ! melan*oly languor t _h tak5    
possession ( him1  & ! :ole frat]nity   

deplor$ t s pi\s & ard5t a  _s w\ld1 9  
all probability1 be s soon tak5 f among 
!m4 ,aft] mu* anxi\s delib]ation ! *apt]
 at la/  resolv$ to inve/ him ) ! title 
& functions (  ,r$emptori/1 &1 on acc\nt
 ( 8 y\? & inexp]i5ce1 to  associate him
 ) an ag$ monk :o _h be5 sev]al times   
s5t  on ! err& ( love & m]cy4    ,bro!r 
,sa9te ,foi 0 accord+ly summon$ "o day  
be=e !  assembl$ fa!rs4    #dib         
,bro!r1 said ! prior1 don ?y s&als1 take
 ?y /aff1 &  be ready to dep>t4    ,i am
 ready1 rev]5d fa!r4    ,?\ do/ n       
enquire :i!r8    ,ob$i5ce que/ione? n1  
rev]5d fa!r4    ,x is well1 my son2     
dep>t1 !n1 & may ,god be ) !e6 ,g  to ! 
l& ( ! infidel--g ransom ! captives6    
,bro!r ,sa9te ,foi1 transport$ ) joy1   
?rew himself at !  prior's feet1 unable 
to speak 8 ?anks1 :ile 8 dim eyes       
fla%$1 & 8 fad$ *eek r$d5$2 y\?1 & heal?
 &  /r5g? came back1 z if by a miracle1 
& ! good prior1  delight$ to see !      
effect he _h produc$1 ent]$ into full   
details = ! guidance ( ! "y ,r$emptori/ 

dur+ 8  mission4 ,! :ole community      
assembl$ to pray = ! happy  issue ( 8   
j\rney2 & aft] receiv+ ! bless+ ( !     
eld]s1 he set =? lad5 ) ! ri* alms de/9$
 to relieve  s mu* mis]y4    ,a long &  
we>isome j\rney on foot br\ght !        
,r$emptori/  fa!r to ! port :]e he 0 to 
take %ip = ,algi]s1 &  "h he 0 jo9$ by !
 v5]able monk :o _h be5 appo9t$  8 guide
 & c\nsellor 9 ! holy "w4 ,!y emb>k$    
toge!r  on a ,g5oese vessel !y f\nd     
ready to sail1 & a favorable  w9d soon  
c>ri$ !m across ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! "y   
fa!r's he>t beat h>d :5 he he>d ! cry ( 
l&6 & saw  ! cruel coa/ ( ,africa1 :]e s
 _m fell[-,*ri/ians 7  groan+ hopelessly
 b5ea? ! yoke ( ! bigot ,mussulman4     
,x is !re t our bre?r5 suff]4 ,o fa!r6  
cri$ he to 8  companion1 b we are go+ to
 succor1 we are go+ to save6    ,& :51  
at la/1 ! vessel ent]$ ! port ( ,algi]s1
 !  ,r$emptori/ knight knelt & kiss$ !  
soil ( ! wi%$-=  l&1 :]e he 0 ab\t to   
make 8 fir/ trial ( arms 9 !  holy li/s 
( *>ity4    ,! two monks1 ^: err& 0 well

 kn[n1 7 imm$iately  surr\nd$ by a cr[d 
( slave-m]*ants1 :o sc(f+ly taunt$  !m1 
,h y pl5ty ( gold1 ,*ri/ians8 = we h    
pl5ty (  slaves2 y may h a %ipload ( !m4
 ,fa!r ,anto9e _h  le>n$ prud5ce &      
repli$ z gu>d$ly & z briefly z he  c\ld 
to ! miscreants t press$ ^u him4 ,he    
ha/ily  direct$ 8 /eps1 foll[$ by 8     
companion1 t[>d !  hospital :i* ! ,ord] 
( ,m]cy _h ) mu* difficulty  obta9$     
p]mission to build at ! entrance ( !    
port4 ,arriv$  !re1 )\t t>ry+ to re/1 he
 comm5c$ r++ ! great  bell t nev] toll$ 
b to ann\nce ! joyful tid+s t  *>ity1   
holy *>ity t suff]e? long & is k9d1 t   
be>e? all ?+s1 t believe? all ?+s1 hope?
 all ?+s1  endure? all ?+s2 *>ity t nev]
 faile?1 _h l&$ aga9  on ^? burn+ s&s1  
to br+ hope & aid to ! foll[]s (  !     
cross4    ,at t signal a cr[d (         
di%evel$1 ragg$ m51 _m we>+  *a9s at _! 
wri/s & ankles1 7 se5 hurry+ t[>d !     
*apel4 ,alas6 :o w\ld h recogniz$ 9 ^?  
emaciat$1  te>-worn spectres1 ! /alw>t  
soldi]s1 ! valiant  *evali]s1 ^: de$s ! 

silv]-tongu$ m9/rels ( ,france  7 s++   
ev5 !n8    ,sobs & joy\s cries1 pray]s &
 ejaculations1 bur/ f !m  z !y ?rew     
!mselves on _! knees be=e _! deliv]]s1  
& kiss$ _! g>m5ts4    #dic    ,bre?r51  
said ! v5]able fa!r1 8 voice tr\bl$ &   
trembl+1 we h come hi!r 9 ! fir/ place =
 !  salvation ( y\r s\ls3 dur+ eight    
days we %all be "h  wait+ to li/5 to y\r
 confessions1 & to give y gho/ly        
consolation1 to prea* to y ! ^w ( life1 
& to be/[ on  y ! sacram5ts ( our holy  
"m *ur*4 ,9 ! second  place1 we h come  
to "w = y\r deliv]ance f captivity4     
,pray = u1 bre?r51 t we may wor?ily     
acquit ourselves (  our sacr$ tasks4    
,! unhappy slaves1 ^: hopes & fe>s c\ld 
be read 9 _!  agitat$ features1 gave a  
great cry :5 ! good fa!r ceas$  speak+4 
,x seem$ z if despair 0 call+ on heav5 =
  m]cy1 & !n sl[ly )drew4    ,! next1 & 
! foll[+ days1 slaves & ma/]s besieg$ ! 
hospital gate1 & ! two monks knew n a   
mom5t's re/ :ile  daylight la/$4 ,ea*   
ev5+1 :5 !y 7 once m alone1  ,fa!r      

,sa9te ,foi w\ld enquire eag]ly ( 8 ag$ 
companion if  he ?\ght t !y w\ld be able
 to ransom all ! captives4    ,we %all  
be able to save !m all1 fa!r1 %all we n8
 he  w\ld say ) trembl+ anxiety2 ,i h s 
rais$ _! hopes  to-day t ,i c\ld n leave
 "o n[ to despair4    ,fa!r ,anto9e     
return$ no answ] to ^! enquiries2 he    
seem$  r to avoid ! plead+ eyes t tri$  
to read 8  ?\ghts4 ,s pass$ ! eight days
 all[$ !m by ! infidel4  ,at l5g?1 on ! 
eve ( t fix$ = _! dep>ture1 a little    
be=e ! solemn h\r1 :5 all ! slaves t !  
alms ( !  fai?ful _h be5 able to ransom 
7 to be surr5d]$ into !  h&s ( !        
,r$emptori/s1 ! old man s\ght 8 "y      
coadjutor4    ,!re are two hundr$ &     
tw5ty1 de> bro!r1 cri$ he1 )  a radiant 
look ( triumph2 & we h ransom$ !m all6  
,all1 fa!r6 oh6 ?ank ,god & our ,lady2 &
 ! monk ca/  himself on 8 knees1 & pray$
 sil5tly2 !n ris+1 clasp$  ! good old   
fa!r 9 8 arms1 9 an ec/asy ( joy4    ,t 
night ,fa!r ,anto9e repeat$ ! ev5+      
pray]1 z usual1  ) ! captives1 b 8 voice

 trembl$1 :ile ,fa!r ,sa9te  ,foi c\ld  
sc>cely re/ra9 8 te>s4 ,all he>ts beat  
h>d1 &  e face 0 pale & anxi\s4 ,9 !    
mid/ ( ! solemn  sil5ce t foll[$ !      
repetition ( ! la/ supplication to  !   
?rone ( grace1 ! prie/ arose sl[ly1 &   
ca/ ^u !  woe-begone cr[d a look s      
pitiful & s lov+1 t  consolation seem$  
to fall l heav5ly dew ^u ev5 ! mo/      
despond5t4    ,bre?r51 said he1 de>     
bre?r56 de> *ildr56 ?is is !  twelf? "t 
t ! honor$ title ( ,r$emptori/ has be5  
conf]r$ on me2 sometimes x has be5 !    
cause ( mu* pa9 &  disappo9tm5t to me1  
sometimes too ( great joy4    ,"h !     
slaves /ret*$ _! trembl+ h&s t[>d him1 b
  _! lips utt]$ no s\nd4    ,my *ildr51 
my de> *ildr56 at ?is mom5t my he>t     
ov]fl[s  ) joy6    ,a cry1 a t]rible1   
une>?ly cry escap$ f e m\?1 z1  mov$ by 
"o & ! same impulse1 ! lib]at$ slaves   
flung  !mselves on _! knees4    ,9 ! "n 
( our omnipot5t ,god & ( ! ,"m ( our    
,r$eem]1 ! ,bless$ ,lady ( ,m]cy1 ,i1 an
 unwor?y prie/1 &  my companion "h      

pres5t1 decl>e y to be all free6 ,! alms
  ( ! fai?ful h be5 suffici5t to ransom 
y all4 ,all (  y1 ,*ri/ian bre?r51 w see
 y\r native l& aga96    #did    ,bur/s (
 frantic joy1 raptur\s embraces aga9 &  
aga9  repeat$1 succe$$ to ! sil5t angui%
 ) :i* !y _h  await$ _! doom4 ,! v5]able
 fa!r endeavor$ to calm ?is  exhau/+    
excitem5t1 & !n left to g pay ! ,moors !
 sum  /ipulat$4 ,fa!r ,sa9te ,foi rema9$
 beh9d to help remove !  fett]s ^: iron 
v]ily ent]$ into 8 s\l4    ,to-morr[6 he
 cri$1 z he knock$ (f ! heavy *a9s1     
to-morr[1 we %all quit ?is l& ( slav]y &
 dea?6    ,to-morr[6 e*o$ ! pale        
victims1 to-morr[6 ,?anks1 ,o ,"l  ,god6
 ,?anks1 ,o well-nam$ ,lady ( ,m]cy6    
,?anks ,r$emptori/  ,fa!rs6 ,we are go+ 
home to-morr[6    ,retire n[1 de>       
bre?r51 said ,fa!r ,anto9e1 return+1 !  
,moors are satisfi$1 & to-morr[ at break
 ( day we %all meet  aga96    ,! n[     
happy cr[d left ! *apel to seek repose 9
 !  dormitories ( ! hospital until !    
wi%$-= morn+ light1  & ! two monks      

pro/rat$ !mselves be=e ! alt> 9  humble1
 he>ty ?anksgiv+4    ,at dawn1 ! next   
day1 ! ransom$ slaves 7 already  m>%all$
 on ! op5 space be=e ! hospital gate1   
wait+  ! signal = emb>k+4 ,fa!r ,sa9te  
,foi 0 9 ! mid/ (  !m1 full ( ardor &   
en]gy1 & z impati5t = ! happy  mom5t :5 
!y %\ld quit ! l& ( ! infidel z !       
un=tunate m5 he _h sav$4 ,fa!r ,anto9e 0
 !re also1 b1  m res]v$ 9 ! expression (
 8 joy1 he c\ld sc>cely  repress a smile
 z he rem>k$ ! excitem5t & triumph ( 8  
"y companion4    ,b ,i 0 also once "y1  
said he1 nay1 to-day ,i c\ld almo/      
fancy myself s aga96 ,& n[1 my son1 see 
t all is ready1  t no "o is miss+2 x is 
"t to beg9 our m>* to !  %ip4    ,at ?is
 mom5t a cry arose f ! assembl$         
,*ri/ians4  ,slaves6 m slaves6 ,o ,god6 
!y come too late--!y h j  arriv$ f !    
des]t ) _! ma/]--!re are two (  !m--!y  
are too late6    ,!re are two ( !m1     
repeat$ ,fa!r ,sa9te ,foi1 & 8  *eek    
turn$ pale1 oh6 if !re _h be5 b "o6     
,alas6 !y arrive too late1 cri$ ! good  

old prie/1 our  purse is empty4 ,g to   
!m1 my son4 ,i _c com=t !m2  promise !m 
t next ye>--b oh6 hide f !m1 if         
possible1  ! joy ( ! o!rs6 ,fa!r ,sa9te 
,foi =c$ a passage  ?r\gh ! assembl$    
multitude1 & f\nd himself be=e ! two    
un=tunate captives :o _h already le>n$  
_! fate1 & 7  bewail+ x 9 he>tr5d+      
acc5ts4 ,"o1 a man already pa/ !  prime 
( life1 0 wr++ 8 h&s & sobb+ ) a *ok+   
voice1 ,my *ildr51 my *ildr51 %all ,i !n
 nev] see y  aga98 ,ov]come by 8 emotion
 he fell fa9t+ to ! gr\nd2  ! fa!r ru%$ 
to 8 assi/ance1 b />t$ back z he  caught
 sight ( 8 features4 ,"o mom5t1 "o s+le 
mom5t he  hesitat$1 !n ca/ himself on 8 
knees by ! side ( !  pro/rate man1 rais$
 & support$ ! s9k+ head1 &  impress$ a  
kiss on ! pale br[4 ,?us d ,i seal my   
p>don6  said he2 ,sire ( ,val]i1 y %all 
see y\r *ildr5 aga96    ,! o!r slave :om
 he _h n yet rem>k$1 at ?is in/ant      
utt]$ a joyful cry1 & ?rew himself into 
8 arms1  exclaim+1 ,fri5d1 bro!r1 de>   
,ra\l6    #die    ,aym>--,sire de       

,val]i--,o ,bless$ ,virg96 /amm]$ !     
monk1  ) a /ifl$ voice z he fell back   
ins5sible4    ,help6 help6 exclaim$     
,aym>1 = x 0 inde$ he1 ,i h  kill$ my   
fri5d6    ,! unconsci\s fa!r 0 c>ri$    
into ! hospital *apel1  ,aym> support+  
him 9 8 arms1 :ile te>s ( m+l$ joy &    
grief c\rs$ d[n 8 ?9 *eeks4 ,fa!r       
,anto9e desir$ him to  retire1 b n until
 8 fri5d gave signs ( return+ life  w\ld
 ,aym> leave him1 to await 9 sil5ce at !
 o!r end (  ! *apel ! effect ( ! ag$    
monk's consolations &  admonitions4     
,fa!r ,anto9e1 spoke ! "y prie/ at l5g?1
 rais+  himself on ! b5* on :i* he _h   
be5 laid1 y "k ! v[  ,i made on ! day ( 
my pr(ession8 ,if gold ,i _h none1 to   
give  my body = ! ransom ( ,*ri/ian     
captives4 ,t "t is come1  fa!r1 b ,i _c 
*oose betwe5 ^! two4 ,"o is--no1  0 my  
enemy1 & ! o!r is my de>e/ fri5d6 ,o    
rev]5d fa!r1 ,i fe> to fail 9 my duty   
t[>d ,god if ,i refuse  to return good =
 evil1 if ,i leave ! ,sire ( ,val]i 9   
captivity4 ,& yet--h[ c ,i pref] him to 

my de> ,aym>8--to  ,aym> = :om ,i w\ld  
gladly give my life6 ,v5]able fa!r1     
help me 9 ?is t]rible /ruggle & *oose = 
me6    ,hold6 cri$ ,aym>1 com+ =w>d2 !re
 is no *oice ne$ful  "h6 ,c y believe1  
,ra\l1 t ,i w accept y\r sacrifice8     
,:at1 y a slave 9 my place6 ,i return   
aga9 to ,france at  ! co/ ( y\r fre$om6 
,ra\l1 ,ra\l1 d y "k me s  little8 ,if  
y\r noble he>t prompts y to ransom !    
,sire (  ,val]i at su* a co/1 let x be  
s1 b nev] w ,aym> cons5t  to x =        
himself6    ,g5]\s fri5d6 exclaim$ ! "y 
monk1 seiz+ 8 h&4    ,nay1 ,ra\l1 we h  
be5 bro!rs-9-arms1 we w n[ be           
bro!rs-9-*a9s2 x is b a *ange ( h>ness6 
,! two  fri5ds ?rew !mselves into ea*   
o!r's arms1 & ,fa!r  ,anto9e bless$ !m  
:ile he wept4    ,i _c prev5t y f mak+  
?is sacrifice1 my son1 said  he1 at     
l5g?1 x is accord+ to our holy rules2 b 
if ,god  grant me life1 next spr+ w see 
me "h aga9 to deliv] y  bo?4 ,& n[ g1   
tell ! ,sire ( ,val]i :at y\r *>ity has 
inspir$ y to d = him4    ,no1 no1 fa!r2 

,i mu/ n see him aga94 ,he is too       
pr\d--,i  "k him well--to receive a gift
 f ! h&s ( ,ra\l de  ,montorgueil2 he   
w\ld r die a slave ?an be deliv]$ by me4
  ,let him nev] le>n1 ,i entreat y1 by  
:at means he recov]$  8 fre$om4    ,x is
 well1 my bro!r2 x %all be z y desire4  
,fa!r ,anto9e ha/5$ to ! bea*1 :]e he   
f\nd ! ,sire (  ,val]i recov]$ f 8      
swoon4 ,)\t fur!r explanation !  good   
fa!r told him simply t he 0 free1 &     
invit$ !  ,mussulman1 8 ma/]1 to        
accompany him back to ! hospital1  :]e  
,fa!r ,sa9te ,foi1 ) a calm1 cle> voice1
 propos$ to  ! a/oni%$ unbeliev] to take
 him1 a /rong1 "y man & he  %[$ 8       
muscul>1 n]v\s arm--9 ex*ange = !       
brok5-d[n  & ag$ slave on ! /r&4    ,!  
av>ici\s ma/] will+ly accept$ an (f] s  
advantage\s  to himself1 & ,fa!r ,sa9te 
,foi put on ) a smile (  ineffable      
happ9ess1 ! *a9s t _h weigh$ s heavily  
on  ! once /alw>t limbs ( ! enemy ( 8 "n
 & race4 ,fa!r  ,anto9e press$ 8 lips   
rev]5tially to ^? *a9s1 & !n  seiz+ 8   

cross1 ha/5$ to take 8 place at ! head (
 !  long l9e ( ransom$ ,*ri/ians4  #dif 
,b no *ant ( joy & triumph res\nd$ z !y 
b5t _! way  t[>d ! %ip t 0 to be> !m to 
_! homes--!y  emb>k$ sil5tly1 almo/     
sadly--! sails spread1 & ! swift  vessel
 0 soon lo/ to sight4    ,! ,moor took  
possession ( 8 slaves4 ,b we w pass ov] 
9  sil5ce _! toils & _! suff]+s3 8 liv+ 
fai?  su/a9$ ! ,r$emptori/ fa!r2 hope 0 
! life-spr+ (  ,aym>2 _! mutual fri5d%ip
 0 ! consolation ( bo?4 ,aym>  f\nd 8   
*a9s light to be>1 s9ce 8 fri5d 0 ne>   
him1  & ! monk fe>$ t he _h receiv$ 8   
rew>d 9 ?is  _w1 s sweet did _! daily   
int]c\rse appe> to him4    ,! "y knight 
relat$ to 8 y\ng] bro!r-9-arms1 h[1 on  
8 return f du ,guescl9's victori\s      
exp$ition1 ! vessel  9 :i* he & ! ,sire 
( ,val]i 7 emb>k$1 _h fall5 into  ! h&s 
( ,moori% pirates1 & h[ !y _h be5 sold  
toge!r  9 ! slave-m>ket at ,algi]s4 ,he 
lov$1 too1 to rec\nt to 8  sympa?iz+    
li/5] 8 feats ( arms 9 ,spa91 until 8   
fri5d1 reproa*+ himself = giv+ e> to su*

 worldly  matt]s1 w\ld talk1 9 8 turn1 (
 heav5ly ?+s1 ( !  peaceful joys &      
aspirations ( 8 conv5t life1 & w\ld     
repeat ! hi/ory ( ! ,son ( ,man1 :o lov$
 u s t he _h  will$ to be> pov]ty1      
hung]1 & dea? = u4 ,:5 he told  h[ he _h
 n :]e to lay 8 head1 ,oh6 nev] m %all  
,i  compla91 cri$ ,aym>1 = m9e re/s on !
 bosom ( a  fri5d6    ,?us ! long days (
 slav]y pass$ ov] ! two captives1 &  :5 
at la/ ! h\r ( deliv]ance arriv$2 :5    
,fa!r  ,anto9e1 true to 8 ^w1 came ) !  
fir/ days ( ! next  spr+ to unloose _!  
*a9s1 ,aym> look$ t5d]ly 9 8  fri5d's   
face1 :ile ,fa!r ,sa9te ,foi endeavor$  
to hide a te>4    ,c y believe t ,i w   
ev] leave y aga98 said ,aym>1  reply+ to
 8 fri5d's ?\ghts4 ,no1 dea? alone %all 
sep>ate u h5ce=?6 ,i w accompany y to   
y\r mona/]y4  ,! _w smil$ on me1 b gave 
me pa9 & slav]y2 ,heav5 has  giv5 me a  
true fri5d1 & to ,heav5 ,i devote myself
 = ev]6    ,!n turn+ t[>d ,fa!r ,anto9e1
 ,fa!r1 said he1 receive  me "h1 9 ! l& 
( our cruel taskma/]s1 "h1 :]e we  h    

suff]$ toge!r1 z a novice ( ! ,ord] (   
,m]cy6    ,fa!r ,anto9e 9 answ] ?rew 8  
:ite mantle on ! "y  knight's %\ld]s1 & 
! two fri5ds1 h& 9 h&1 climb$  ! side ( 
! %ip t 0 wait+ to c>ry !m back to      
,france4    ,"h we w bid !m f>ewell1 9 !
 full enjoym5t ( t  p]fect fri5d%ip2 we 
w n seek to "k if o!r  vicissitudes came
 to try x2 let u lose sight ( !m n[1 &  
believe1 t1 retir$ f ! /rife & noise ( !
 _w1  !y pass$ toge!r ! rema9d] ( _!    
quiet lives1 busi$  9 ! acquirem5t (    
heav5ly wisdom1 & 9 ! practice (  ^?    
pure1 simple1 b sublime virtues :i* f9d 
9 !mselves  _! own rew>d & glory4    ,c 
we d\bt t ,fa!r ,sa9te ,foi exp]i5c$ t  
*>ity1  l m]cy1 is twice bless$1      ,x
 blesse? him t gives1    & him t takes8 
--------    #dig        ,f ,! ,g]man ,( 
,dr4 ,j4 ,b4 ,h5ry4                     
,joseph ,grres4                ,a       
,life-portrait ,(         ,! ,au?or ,(  
,die ,my/ik4      ,! bells ( ,cobl5z 7  
toll+ ! ,angelus at noon on ,janu>y     
#be?1 #aggf1 ! fea/ ( ! ,conv]sion ( ,/4

 ,paul1 :5 ,john  ,joseph ,grres 0 born1
 ! son ( a timb] m]*ant1 ( an old       
,ca?olic family ( ! ,rh9el&4 ,9 ?is     
traditional l& (  valor1 beauty1 poetry1
 & art ,grres sp5t 8 *ildhood4 ,"h  he  
made 8 fir/ /udies1 devot+ himself      
especially to  hi/ory1 geography1 & !   
natural sci5ces1 :i* _h = him a  peculi>
 attraction4 ,?is l$ him at ! ,univ]sity
 ( ,bonn to  *oose m$ic9e z a pr(ession4
 ,b 8 /udies 7 h>dly  begun ?an         
int]rupt$1 s t ,grres1 :o1 lat]1 _h s _m
  disciples himself1 nev] sat = any l5g?
 ( "t at ! feet  ( a ma/]4    ,! torr5t 
( ! ,fr5* revolution broke ov] 8 home1 &
  c>ri$ ! y\? along on its waves4 ,at a 
p]iod s excit+1  :5 all ord] seem$ to be
 de/roy$1 & :5 good & evil  7 s /rongly 
m>k$1 "y ,grres rose above 8 compe]s1   
rem>kable = 8 uncommon political tal5t1 
a p[]ful  eloqu5ce1 & a det]m9$1 p]sev]+
 "*4 ,h>dly tw5ty  ye>s old1 he _h      
already great weight 9 ! clubs2 & 8     
influ5ce became /ill m widely felt by ! 
publication ( a  political pap] call$ ,!

 ,r$ ,lett]1 :i*1 suppress$  by !       
republican directory1 reappe>$ ) ! title
 ( ,puck  9 ,blue2 & a pamphlet call$ ,!
 ,political  ,m5ag]ie2 all di/+ui%$ = _!
 hi/orical &  philosophical dep? (      
?\ght1 z well z = a vigor\s &  gl[+     
/yle4    ,at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r he 0 s5t1
 at ! head ( a  deputation1 9 ,novemb]1 
#agii1 to ,p>is1 to obta9 f ! ,fir/     
,consul1 9 :om ,grres already saw !     
future emp]or & despot1  ! cessation ( !
 oppressive occupation ( ! ,rh9e        
prov9ce4  ,9 a pamphlet entitl$ ,result 
( my ,embassy to ,p>is 9  ,brumaire     
,,viii41 ,a4,d4 #ahjj1 he gave a full   
acc\nt ( 8  mission2 b express$ a       
complete *ange 9 8 political  op9ions1  
aft] he _h cle>ly p]ceiv$ ! abyss 9 :i* 
!  ,fr5* revolution end$2 & he nev] aft]
 ?is return$ to !  errors ( 8 y\?4      
,:51 at a lat] date1 ,grres /ood =? z ! 
*ampion ( !  rights & fre$om ( !        
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 8 enemies reproa*$  him 
) hav+ prov$ a traitor to ! cause (     
lib]ty1 :i*  he _h def5d$ 9 8 y\?1 &    

tri$ to repres5t him  sometimes z a     
revolutioni/1 & !n aga9 z a man ( weak1 
inconsequ5t1 & vacillat+ "*4 ,he 0 ?us  
sev]ely  blam$ = an en?usia/ic ab]ration
 ( y\?1 into :i* n  only ,s*ill] b ev5 !
 grave & ag$ ,klop/ock1 z well z  _m o!r
 di/+ui%$ ,g]mans ( ! "t1 _h fall54     
#dih    ,x 0 a "t ( su* confusion t ev5 
! f\ndations ( !  e>? quak$ & ! />s f   
heav5 fell4 ,! glori\s edifice  ( !     
,g]man empire1 encircl$ ) ! halo ( a    
?\s& ye>s  ( glory1 _h crumbl$ 9 a day2 
! emp]or became a m]e  %ad[2 & !        
nobility1 corrupt$ by despotism1 became 
z  immoral z 9 ! days ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 &  
,l\is ,,xv4 ,religi\s life  0 torpid2 & 
religi\s indiff]5ce1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 
bo? ! ,fr5* & ,g]man press1 ?r\gh       
lib]alism & ! aid  ( ! illum9ati1 _h    
ga9$ ! ma/]y ov] n only !  ,prote/ant b 
! ,ca?olic m9d4 ,ev5 an ,emp]or1 ,joseph
 ,,ii41  _h plac$ himself at ! head ( ! 
mo/ %all[ lib]als2 !  pr9cipal *ur*m5   
s\ght ev5 to surpass him2 9 %ort1 s     
great 0 ! decay & bl9dness ( ^? :o %\ld 

h be5  ! ma9/ay ( ! old ,*ri/ian ord]1 t
 ,god c\ld *oose no  g5tl] means (      
*a/is+ ! univ]sal iniquity1 ?an by      
lett+ ! fires ( ! mad revolution h full 
scope4 ,h[ c  we be a/oni%$1 !re=e1 t a 
y\? l ,grres %\ld h  be5 c>ri$ away ) ! 
_s ( ! age8 ,b ev5 !n he  display$ t    
/raight=w>dness & purity ( "* :i*       
always di/+ui%$ him4 ,9 ! latt] half ( 8
 revolution>y  life1 he _h only s\ght to
 s]ve ! welf>e ( ! ,rh9e  prov9ce1 by 8 
/ruggle aga9/ ! oppressions ( ! ,fr5*   
g5]als & (ficials :o p]secut$ him z well
 z 8 c\ntry4    ,b ,grres 0 c]ta9ly n   
blam$ mo/ = hav+ d(f$ 8  bonnet to ! _s 
( ! revolution2 b because1 z ,paul 0    
*ang$ f a jeal\s ,ph>isee into an       
apo/le1 ! "y  ,jacob9 became ! great    
def5d] ( ! *ur* & ,*ri/ian  ideas4      
,grres gave up politics 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8  
tw5ty-fif?  ye>1 & devot$ himself       
exclusively to sci5ce & art = a  p]iod (
 t5 ye>s4 ,he occupi$ ! *air ( natural  
hi/ory &  sci5ce1 9 a college at        
,cobl5z1 & publi%$ dur+ ?is "t  _m      

works1 ! product ( 8 re/less activity4  
,!n came to  light 8 ,aphorisms on ,art1
 7,a4,d4 #ahjb27 ,aphorisms on  ,organic
 ,laws1 7#ahjc27 ,exposition (          
,physiology1  7#ahje27 ,aphorisms on    
,organology1 7#ahje27 & 8 book on  ,fai?
 & ,sci5ce1 7#ahjf27 writ+s compos$ "u !
  influ5ce ( ! ,s*ell+ natural          
philosophy4 ,grres _h n yet  rea*$ a    
full & cle> k ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,9 !  ye>
 #ahjf he w5t on vacation to ,heidelb]g1
 :]e he gave  lectures on natural       
philosophy1 metaphysics1 & lit]ature 9  
! univ]sity4 ,"h he 0 also l$ m deeply  
into a /udy  t ex]cis$ great influ5ce on
 8 lat] developm5t4 ,he  /udi$ !        
,*ri/ian middle age ( ,g]many f an      
ae/hetic &  poetic po9t ( view4 ,he 0 l$
 9 ?is direction by 8  p]sonal          
acqua9tance & fri5d%ip ) two m51 ,clem5t
  ,br5tano & ,a*im von ,arnim1 :o h     
des]v$ highly ( _!  c\ntry = hav+ awak5$
 ! muse ( ,g]man romantic poetry  f h]  
slumb]s4    ,! re=mation sep>at$ "o half
 ( ,g]many f ! pa/2 &  ! rationalism ( !

 eighte5? c5tury complet$ !  sep>ation4 
,! ,g]man p 7 accu/om$ to despise1 z a  
p]iod ( d>kness & b>b>ism1 ! mo/ glori\s
 age 9 _!  hi/ory1 :5 !y 7 ! fir/ nation
 ( ! e>?2 :5  ,alb]t ! ,great taught    
div9e philosophy1 ,wolfram ( ,es*5ba*   
wrote poetry1 & ,erv9ius ( ,/e9ba* built
 ca!drals4 ,?is  entire s*ism ( ,g]man  
consci\sness f ! pa/ _h mu* to  d 9     
caus+ t deplorable decay ( national     
feel+ &  unity4 ,! corruption _h rea*$  
its height 9 ! eighte5?  c5tury1 &      
,g]many became ! spoil & ! contempt ( ! 
=eign]4  #dii  ,9 ord] t fa!rl& %\ld be 
politically free1 ! ,g]man  consci5ce   
mu/ be ar\s$4 ,no?+ c\ld h m p[]1 9  ?is
 respect1 ?an ! revival ( ! hi!rto      
despis$  ,*ri/ian-,g]man middle age &   
its glori\s ballad poetry4 ,=  ?is      
purpose ! ,pilgrim1 a j\rnal1 0 />t$ by 
,arnim1  ,br5tano1 & ,grres4 ,! und]tak+
 fail$ = ! want (  coop]ation2 b produc$
 fruit at a lat] p]iod4 ,grres 0  m     
successful 9 obta9+ 8 purpose 9 ! ye>   
#ahjg by 8  ,g]man ,books = ! ,p1 9 :i* 

he held up to !  eyes ( 8 contempor>ies 
! mirror ( ! middle ages4    ,plung+ 8  
m9d m & m deeply into ! ,*ri/ian middle 
age1 8 compreh5sive intellect turn$ its 
att5tion to ano!r  doma9 ( hi/ory1      
namely1 to ! primeval times ( ! ,ea/4   
,aft] 8 return to ,cobl5z1 9 #ahjh1     
appe>$ 9 two volumes1  8 ,my?ology ( !  
,asiatic ,_w1 a "w ( great  importance1 
:i* influ5c$ consid]ably ! ideas ( bo?  
,creuz] & ,s*ell+4 ,at ! same "t he     
expla9$ nor!rn  my?ology1 z conta9$ 9 ! 
,edda2 cultivat$ ! ,g]man  m$iaeval     
muse1 & enri*$ ! lit]ature ( ! ,nibelung
 ,song1  by hi!rto undiscov]$ fragm5ts4 
,:ile ,grres 0 ?us engag$1 a great *ange
 _h tak5 place 9  ,france4 ,! absolutism
 & godlessness ( ! revolution  naturally
 begot ! unlimit$ despotism ( ,napoleon4
 ,8 0 n  ! tyranny ( m]e brute =ce1 z 9 
! b>b>ic times1 b a  despotism eng5d]$  
by mod]n civilization & enlight5$       
egotism4 ,napoleon made all ! =ces ( !  
revolution subs]ve  8 w1 & ) !m conqu]$ 
all ! deg5]ate nations (  ,europe2 = !  

corruption & infidelity ( ! age ( ,l\is 
,,xiv4 & ,l\is ,,xv41 :i* caus$ !       
revolution1 7 m or  less ext5d$ & felt 9
 ! neighbor+ nations 9 !  eighte5?      
c5tury4 ,h5ce1 ,france 0 to be puni%$1  
fir/ by  h] own h&s1 &1 ?r\gh h]1 ! o!r 
peoples 7 to be  *a/is$4    ,s9ce       
,*ri/ianity _h de/roy$ ! univ]sal mon>*y
 ( ,rome1  ,god _h nev] all[$ ano!r to  
arise & de/roy ! autonomy  ( nations1 & 
) x ! indep5d5ce ( ! *ur*2 = bo?  are   
insep>able4 ,:at 0 ! empire ,napoleon   
tri$ to f\nd b  ! same "w :i* !         
,hoh5/auf5s fail$ 9 accompli%+2  :at 0 x
 else b an attempt to revive ! old      
,roman pagan  sov]eignty ( ! _w8 ,8 "w  
seem$ complet$2 ! outside  p[] ( all !  
/ates ( ! cont95t seem$ brok52 )91  m9ds
 7 enslav$1 &1 "u ! appe>ance ( lib]al  
=ms1  fre$om 0 de/roy$2 ! sci5ces1 !    
:ole in/ruction (  y\? m\ld$1 on milit>y
 pr9ciples1 to aid ! imp]ial p[]2       
religion ev5 became ! h&maid ( worldly  
maje/y1 & a m]e  affair ( policy2 ! pope
 himself1 ! la/ refuge ( religi\s       

lib]ty1 0 9 *a9s1 = refus+ to become !  
c\rt *apla9  ( ! new ,caes>4    ,?us    
/ood matt]s1 :5 ! _s ( ,god1 brea?+ ov] 
!  e>?1 de/roy$ ! en*ant] :o _h *a9$    
victory to 8 c>  ( triumph1 & awak$ !   
nations f ! slumb] ( dea?4  ,t 0 a gr&  
p]iod 9 hi/ory1 :5 ! nations arose1 &   
above all ,g]many--,g]many t _h be5 !   
mo/ enslav$ &  di%onor$1 because %e _h  
betray$1 disgrac$1 & sold  h]self4      
,peoples broke _! gyves on ! head ( !   
conqu]or4  ,! man :o1 at ?is "t above   
all 8 contempor>ies1 felt !  *a9s (     
slav]y 9 8 v s\l1 & 9 ^: he>t ! flames  
( patriotism burn$ mo/ brightly2 ^:     
g5ius made him !  spokesman1 h]ald1 &   
prophet ( lib]ty aga9/ ,fr5*  despotism1
 0 ,joseph ,grres4  #ejj  ,9 ! ye> #ahad
 he left 8 retirem5t1 &1 consci\s ( 8   
vocation by ! _s t quick5$ him1 he spoke
 out = all  9 ! "n ( ,god & fa!rl&4 ,he 
edit$ ! ,m]cury (  ! ,rh9e1 a j\rnal :i*
 has nev] be5 equall$ s9ce4 ,z  ,m5zel  
obs]ves1 he wrote x1 n ) ink1 b ) fire2 
& 9  a %ort "t ?is newspap]1 full (     

,grres' be/ essays1 became  univ]sally  
receiv$ z ! vehicle ( public op9ion4    
,napoleon  himself felt ! influ5ce ( ?is
 p[]ful j\rnal1 & call$  ! man at       
,cobl5z ! fif? ( ! alli$ p[]s aga9/ him4
 ,x  0 9 ! ,m]cury ( ! ,rh9e t ,grres   
wrote !  ,proclamation to ! ,peoples (  
,europe1 :i* he puts into !  m\? (      
,napoleon aft] ! escape f ,elba4 ,9 ?is 
proclamation ! "* ( ! great soldi] is   
p]sonifi$  ) a creative p[] h>dly       
surpass$ by any production (            
,%akespe>e's g5ius4 ,footnote #ej       
,footnote #ej3 ,at ! end ( ?is fictiti\s
 proclamation      ,napoleon is made to 
express himself ?us3 ,i h conqu]$      !
 revolution1 & !n dev\r$ & assimilat$ x 
to      myself1 & work$ ?r\gh x & by its
 =ces4 ,b n[1      tir$ out1 ,i give x  
back to y un9jur$1 & spew x out      ^u 
y4 ,& y w cont9ue 9 ! condition 9 :i* ,i
      f\nd y2 = my _s re/s ^u y1 ?\gh my
 body may      be abs5t4 ,aft] a p]iod (
 fifty-?ree ye>s ^! words      seem /ill
 prophetic4    ,x 0 n en\gh1 !n1 to cru%

 ! ,napoleonic tyranny2 b x  0 also     
necess>y to r5ovate ! ,european /ates1  
especially  ,g]many1 ) an infusion (    
,*ri/ian & national pr9ciples2  & ?us   
connect1 9 an endur+ relation1 ! rights 
( pr9ces  & ! nobility ) ! lib]ties ( ! 
p4 ,x 0 !n  ! conviction ( _m1 & ( ! be/
 m51 t ! unity1 !  fre$om1 & ! greatness
 ( ,g]many c\ld be plac$ on a solid     
f\ndation only by a re9/allm5t ( ! old  
empire1 "u :i*  ,g]many _h exi/$ &      
fl\ri%$ = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,( ?is           
conviction ,grres wrote 9 ! ye> #ahai3  
,a glance at !  hi/ory ( ! pa/ %[s u t  
,g]many 0 ! true gu>dian  & refuge (    
,*ri/ianity1 & a bulw>k aga9/ int]nal & 
ext]nal enemies1 only :5 its /irr+1 liv+
 v>iety 0 made  unity "u ! direction ( a
 sole emp]or4 ,x !re=e becomes  almo/ an
 in/9ct ) _m1 t ! /one :i* ! build]s    
reject$ %\ld become ! head ( ! corn]2 t 
! old ideas  %\ld be reviv$1 quick5$ )  
an infusion ( "y blood1 &  accommodat$  
to ! m>* ( progress4 ,"s ( ! able/ m5   
agre$ ) ,grres 9 favor ( a revival ( !  

old ,roman empire1  modifi$ accord+ to  
mod]n notions4    ,?is 0 ! ideal = !    
realization ( :i* ,grres /rove  ) all ! 
p[] ( 8 g5ius & eloqu5ce2 :ile at ! same
  "t he attack$ ) vigor ! egotism &     
meanness ( selfi%  politics :]ev] he met
 !m4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 z ! mo/  indep5d5t 
& yet ! mo/ cons]vative publici/ ( 8 "t1
  he came into collision ) bo? /atesm5 &
 gov]nm5ts4 ,h5ce  ! ,m]cury ( ! ,rh9e 0
 suppress$2 b ,grres1 9 a  pamphlet     
call$ ! ,future ,condition ( ,g]many1   
/ill  argu$ = ! ree/abli%m5t ( ! old    
empire4 ,9 #ahag1 dur+  ! fam9e1 he w5t 
f ,heidelb]g to 8 own home1 :]e he      
became presid5t ( a relief society1 &   
?us 0 a b5efactor  ( ! ,rh9e prov9ce4   
,at ! same "t he f\nd leisure to  publi%
 ,old ,g]man ,ballads & ,classic        
,poetry4 ,appo9t$  director ( public    
in/ruction by ,ju/us ,grn]1 gov]nor ( ! 
middle c\ntries ( ! ,rh9e1 he 0 soon    
remov$ f 8  position by ! ,prussian     
gov]nm5t & (f]$ a l>ge p5sion  if he    
w\ld agree to write no?+ ho/ile to !    

exi/+ ord]4  #eja  ,b money & p]sonal   
int]e/ nev] _h ! slighte/ influ5ce  ov] 
,grres4 ,by an address to ! city &      
prov9ce ( ,cobl5z2  & m especially by a 
pamphlet publi%$ 9 #ahbj1 on  ,g]many & 
! ,revolution1 he drew on himself !     
hatr$  ( ! prime m9i/] ,h>d5b]g1 escap$ 
imprisonm5t 9 a  =tress only by flight1 
& n be+ able to succe$ 9  obta9+ a trial
 by ! ord9>y civil judges1 he nev] m    
return$ to 8 bir?place4    ,he sp5t     
almo/ a ye> 9 ,/rasburg1 :]e he occupi$ 
8  leisure1 h\rs 9 translat+ f ! ,p]sian
 ! epic poem (  ,%ah ,nameh ( ,f]dusi4  
,x is call$ ,! ,h]oes ( ,ivan2  & 0     
publi%$ 9 two volumes 9 #ahbj4 ,f       
,/rasburg he w5t  to ,switz]l& :i* he   
travell$ on foot2 & f ! ,alp9e  summits 
he /udi$ & look$ d[n ^u ! pa/ & pres5t (
  ,europe1 & saw ) a prophet's eye !    
hi/ory ( its future4  ,he wrote 9       
tw5ty-sev5 days ! fruits ( 8 m$itations 
on  ,european society1 & pr9t$ !m "u !  
title ( ,europe  & ! ,revolution4 ,?is 0
 9 #ahba4 ,f9d+ t all  ef=ts to h !     

decree aga9/ him revok$ by ,h>d5b]g 7   
va91 he wrote 9 #ahbb 8 "w on ,!        
,condition & ,affairs  ( ! ,rh9e        
,prov9ce2 & gave a full acc\nt ( 8      
?\ghts1 hopes1 & resignation 9 ano!r "w 
writt5 on !  eve ( ! ,congress ( ,v]ona 
9 #ahbb1 entitl$ ,! ,holy  ,alliance & !
 ,p 9 ! ,congress ( ,v]ona4 ,aft] ?is   
he resid$ 9 ,/rasburg4    ,x _c be d5i$ 
t ,grres _h be5 c>ri$ away 9 8  y\? by !
 _s ( ! ,fr5* revolution2 & t 8 fai?1   
if n entirely de/roy$1 0 !n ( a v       
unc]ta9 &  slipp]y "*4 ,/ill1 we nev]   
f9d 9 him t poison\s  hate & contempt = 
religion & ! *ur*1 :i* ! _s  ( sect is  
apt to infuse into its vot>ies1 & :i*   
r5d]s  _! m9ds almo/ imp]vi\s to tru?4  
,he 0 also sav$ by ,god  f moral        
corruption4 ,we ev5 p]ceive 9 8 e>ly    
writ+s  traces ( t deep religi\s feel+  
:i* he _h imbib$ )  8 "m's milk1 & (    
love = ! religion ( 8 race &  fa!rs4 ,9 
! ,m]cury ( ! ,rh9e he (t5 rais$ 8      
voice 9 def5ce ( ! rights & int]e/s ( ! 
abus$  ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,:5 he began to  

/udy m closely ! dogmas  & hi/ory (     
,*ri/ianity1 he le>n$ to appreciate x   
bett]1  & grew less confid5t 9 ! reign+ 
,g]man philosophy1 :i*  _h captivat$ 8  
y\?4 ,x 0 n ! triumph ( 8 sy/em1  b (   
tru? t he s\ght ) all ! love ( 8 he>t1 &
  ! =ce & cle>ness ( 8 p5etrat+ g5ius4  
,:5 he f\nd  tru?1 no "o c\ld be a m    
ard5t & able *ampion ( x4  ,!re 0 no    
half-way 9 8 "*4 ,he trampl$ on human   
respect4 ,und\bt$ly x 0 at ,/rasburg t  
he became  ?or\ghly ca?oliciz$4 ,m>ia   
,grres1 ! heiress ( h]  fa!r's tal5ts1  
?us beautifully & appropriately writes (
  8 religi\s life3 ,z 9 ! leg5d ( ,/4   
,*ri/oph]1 he  w\ld obey only ! /ronge/2
 s c x be truly said ( my  fa!r t he 0 !
 slave ( tru? & ( tru? alone4 ,)  great 
rectitude ( he>t he /rove ev] to atta9  
x1 & came  ne>] to x z he increas$ 9    
ye>s2 new prospects ( x1 &  new insights
 into x1 develop+ gradually be=e 8 m9d's
 eye4  ,pr9ciples 7 n = him ! limits (  
sci5ce1 b secure  f\ndations on :i* he  
c\ld build fur!r )\t fe> or  deceit4 ,he

 nev] want$ to sy/ematize tru?2 b r to  
make  sy/ems subs]vi5t to x4  #ejb      
,h5ce he nev] ?\ght t 8 own discov]ies 7
 absolute  tru?s1 or t dogmas 7 errone\s
 because !y did n *ime  ) ! result ( 8  
inve/igations2 b s\ght ! fault 9  8 own 
"w1 r5ew$ 8 ardu\s /udies until he f\nd 
!m  agree+ ) ! receiv$ doctr9es1 & ?us  
discov]$ :]e  8 error lay4 ,footnote #ea
        ,footnote #ea3 ,grres1          
,politis*e ,s*rift51      ,bd4 i4 p4 #i 
( ! ,preface4    ,:5 ,grres ackn[l$g$ ! 
,ca?olic ,*ur* to be ! *ur* (  ! liv+   
,god1 x 0 9 a /ate ( slav]y & abasem5t 9
  ,g]many2 :]e x 0 ! object ( a hateful 
& %all[  p]secution fom5t$ by ,vossius1 
especially s9ce ! conv]sion  ( ,c\nt    
,fr$]ic ,leopold ,/olb]g1 & s9ce !      
celebration (  ! ,re=mation ,jubilee 9  
#ahag4    ,9 ! ye> #ahbj1 two "y        
pr(essors 9 ! episcopal sem9>y  at      
,may5ce1 urg$ by an e>ne/ fai? &        
sup]natural c\rage1  />t$ ,! ,ca?olic1 a
 magaz9e int5d$ to def5d !  almo/       
def5celess *ur* f ext]nal attacks &     

int]nal  dang]s :i* 7 ?reat5$ by !      
introduction ( false  sci5ce into !     
,ca?olic m9d4 ,to escape ! illib]al     
opposition & c5sure ( ,prussia1 ,!      
,ca?olic 0  publi%$ = "s "t at          
,/rasburg1 :]e ,grres1 !n 9  exile1     
wrote mu* = x 9 ! ye> #ahbf4 ,) 8       
inv9cible  humor & s>casm he la%$ !     
au?ors ( ! /ories told ab\t  ! =mulas ( 
excommunication 9 ! *ur*1 explod$ !     
,monita ,secreta ( ! ,jesuits1 & sc\rg$ 
!  contemptible prejudices & falsehoods 
br\ght to be> aga9/  ca?olicity4 ,he    
rais$ ! cry ( fre$om = ! *ur*2 %[$  h]  
influ5ce on ! he>ts ( ! p2 portray$ 9   
/rik+  colors ! int]nal tru? & moral    
rectitude ( ,ca?olic  pr9ciples1 &      
taught ,ca?olics to respect !mselves1 to
 tru/  9 _! cause1 to despise ! holl[   
phrases ( ! %am  lib]als1 & fight _!    
adv]s>ies ) t security :i*  tru? alone c
 give to its *ampions4    ,9 ! mean "t a
 favorable *ange took place 9 8 ext]nal 
relations4 ,k+ ,l\is ( ,bav>ia1 a pr9ce 
( great tal5ts1  devot$ to ! *ur* &     

fa!rl&1 appo9t$ ,grres pr(essor  (      
hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,muni*1 ,a4,d4  
#ahbg4 ,"h he became  ! c5tre ( t gr\p (
 di/+ui%$ ,ca?olic ?9k]s :om  ! k+ _h   
ga!r$ toge!r1 9 ord] to create a p[]ful 
&  free developm5t ( ! hi!rto debas$ &  
despis$ _s (  ,ca?olicism4 ,! ef=ts (   
,grres & 8 fri5ds & colabor]s  9 ,muni* 
=m a brilliant epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( !      
revival (  ca?olic life 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 
= him ! glori\s ev5+ (  an ev5tful life 
( battle4    ,! patriotic hopes & ideas 
( 8 e>ly life 7 m &  m baffl$1 & he at  
la/ saw t any m]e political ef=ts  are  
fruitless2 = ! decay ( peoples & /ates  
is n caus$  s mu* by political          
degradation1 z by religi\s & moral      
corruption4 ,! m he div$ into ! hi/ory (
 mank9d1 !  m cle>ly did he p]ceive t   
,*ri/ianity1 :i* br+s  r$emption to !   
individual & true fre$om to ! *ildr5 (  
,god1 is ! only s\rce ( a p's salvation4
 ,:5 liv+  ,*ri/ian fai? becomes a      
/rang] 9 ! public & private life  (     
citiz5s2 :5 self-int]e/ & worldly wisdom

 take ! place  ( ,*ri/ian *>ity &       
ju/ice1 !n w ! int]e/ ( !  rul] & !     
subject1 ( ! *ur* & /ate1 ( private     
weal?  & corporations1 :i* %\ld all     
conspire to ! common weal1  collide1    
become ho/ile1 & eng5d] confusion &     
revolution4  #ejc  ,grres le>n$ by      
exp]i5ce t1 s9ce religion _h lo/ its    
au?ority1 & ! ,gospel ceas$ to comm&    
respect1 ! civil  p[] _h also lo/ =ce1 &
 ! lib]ty ( ! p _h  become un/able &    
undef9$1 s t ,europe wav]$ )  fev]i%    
re/lessness betwe5 despotism & an>*y1   
revolution  & reaction4 ,m5 9 ?is       
d\btful conflict b ! egotism (  pr9ces &
 ! egotism ( subjects1 become wrapp$ up 
9 !  natural & e>?ly1 & sup]natural4    
,inve/igat+ ! causes ( ?is decl9e (     
,*ri/ianity1 ,grres  discov]$ t ! fai? (
 ,*ri/ is n a dead lett]1 b a  ?+ end[$ 
) div9e life2 & z political & social    
life  has /ability & =ce only 9 ! /ate1 
s ,*ri/ian life is  only 9 ! *ur*1 !    
k+dom f\nd$ by ,*ri/2 & z a s\nd  social
 sy/em dep5ds on ! autonomy & fre$om ( !

 /ate1  s religi\s life re/s on ! lib]ty
 ( ! *ur*4 ,h5ce !  *ief cause ( ! decay
 ( religion is 9 ! dep5d5ce &           
subjection ( ! *ur* to ! /ate4 ,!       
eighte5? c5tury1  t age ( tyranny &     
unbelief1 _h enslav$ ! *ur*2 !          
revolution & ,napoleon made ! slav]y    
complete4 ,true1 !  animus ( ! w> (     
fre$om 0 a religi\s z well z a  national
 "o2 ! ,holy ,alliance1 =m$ 9 ! "n ( !  
,tr9ity1 proclaim$ ,*ri/ianity z !      
gr\ndwork ( politics  & popul> rights2 b
 ?is religi\s en?usiasm ( #ahac &       
#ahad1 n re/+ on ! solid basis ( fai?1  
be+ r a  vague feel+ ?an a conviction1  
soon cool$ (f1 & !  ,*ri/ian pr9ciples (
 ! ,holy ,alliance 7 only writt5 on     
pap]1 n on ! he>ts & m9ds ( ! high      
contract+  p>ties4 ,9 reality1 religion 
& *ur* rema9$ 9 !  oppress$ & debas$    
condition 9 :i* ,josephism &            
,napoleonism _h plac$ !m4 ,educat$ !    
s*ool ( ! #ah?  c5tury1 & "u ,napoleonic
 influ5ce1 /atesm51 ev5 aft]  !         
re/oration1 cont9u$ to mi/ru/ ! *ur*1 to

 keep h] 9  ! lead+-/r+s ( high policy1 
& repress e "o ( h]  free motions4 ,to  
cap ! climax ( evil1 ! *ur* h]self1     
especially 9 ,g]many1 0 s poor &        
p[]less1 t %e c\ld  make no valid       
opposition to ! insult+ gu>dian%ip ( !  
/ate2 & ev5 *ur*m5 7 f\nd weak & selfi% 
en\gh to  become ! will+ tools ( ! civil
 gov]nm5t 9 de/roy+  _! own rights4 ,!  
curse & plague ( ! *ur* has ev]  be5    
c[>dly or r5egade *ur*m54 ,?is          
enslavem5t ( !  *ur* 0 mo/ oppressive & 
dang]\s 9 ^? di/ricts (  ,g]many :i* _h 
be5 gov]n$ by ca?olic1 &1 z long z !    
empire la/$1 by spiritual lords1 b 7 n[ 
controll$ by  ,prote/ant rul]s4 ,^!1    
accu/om$ to ,prote/ant tea*+1  :i*      
admitt$ an unlimit$ civil surveillance 9
 ecclesia/ical  affairs1 7 only too     
will+ to ex]cise _! p[] ov] !  ,ca?olic 
,*ur*4 ,!y wi%$ & hop$ to sev] h]       
connection  ) ,rome2 *ange h] into a    
national *ur*1 &1 unit+ h]  ) ,lu!rans &
 o!r sect>ies1 =m "o /ate *ur*4 ,su* a  
?\ght w n appe> /range to u1 if we      

consid] t  religi\s indiff]5ce reign$   
supreme1 p>ticul>ly among !  educat$    
classes4 ,a fi]ce battle1 n ) ! mat]ial 
sword1  b ) ! weapons ( fai? & tal5t1 0 
to be f\ght 9  ord] to free ! *ur* f !  
%ackles ( /ate control4 ,!  /&>d-be>] 9 
?is great conflict 01 aga91 ,joseph     
,grres4    #ejd    ,! #aa? ( ,novemb]1  
#ahcg1 m>ks ! turn+-po9t ( ! c>e]  ( !  
mod]n *ur* 9 ,g]many4 ,f t date x reviv$
 &  began to be indep5d5t4 ,to ,clem5t  
,augu/us von  ,dr/e-,vis*]+1 ! great &  
pi\s ,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne1  belongs !   
glory ( op5+ ! battle1 & ( be>+ ! fir/  
brunt ( ! onslaughts ( ! /ate4 ,! civil 
gov]nm5t wi%$  him1 9 contradiction to !
 laws ( ! *ur*1 to imp>t h]  bless+ to  
mix$ m>riages2 & also to give ov] !     
*airs (  !ology & ! education ( ! "y    
cl]gy to ! ,h]mesians1  ^: coryphaeus1  
,h]mes1 _h inv5t$ a half-way sy/em      
betwe5  fai? & rationalism4 ,clem5t     
,augu/us1 ! ,a?anasius ( our  times1    
un>m$ & alone1 bravely ent]$ ! li/s     
aga9/ !  _s ( indiff]5tism & ! :ole p[] 

( ! ,prussian  gov]nm5t4 ,b ,gregory    
,,xvi41 9 8 memorable allocution (      
,decemb] #aj?1 #ahcg1 made ! cause ( !  
ar*bi%op 8 own2  = x 0 ! cause (        
religion1 & ! *ur*4 ,! ,ca?olics  ( !   
,rh9e prov9ce1 awak5$ f _! slumb]s1     
ralli$ )  unexpect$ ardor to ! support (
 _! *ief pa/or4 ,b _!  cause ne$$ ! aid 
( ! press1 & ,grres 0 ! man to  wield t 
p[] 9 _! def5ce4 ,he :o _h be5 /&+ s    
long on ! wat*-t[]1 obs]v+ & not+ !     
signs ( !  times1 saw t ! mom5t _h      
arriv$ to /rike a bl[ = !  lib]ty ( !   
*ur*4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahch1 appe>$ 8       
,a?anasius4 ,x fell l a ?und]bolt f an  
uncl\d$  sky among all ^? :o _h expect$1
 ) ! p[] ( ! /ate  & an enlight5$ press1
 to make %ort "w ( ! m$iaeval  ar*bi%op4
 ,x came l a ray ( div9e light into !   
m9ds (  ! despis$ & intimidat$          
,ca?olics1 a ray t %one 9 _!  he>ts1 &  
enk9dl$ 9 !m fai? & c\rage4 ,!re n[     
arose  9 ,g]many a p[]ful ca?olic public
 op9ion1 :i* en=c$  respect f its       
adv]s>ies4 ,9 va9 did oppon5ts sw>m4    

,pieti/s1 ,hegelians1 politicians1      
juri/s1 pr(essors1 &  j\rnali/s wrote   
aga9/ ,a?anasius1 :i* 0 spread  ov] all 
,g]many by f\r l>ge editions4 ,grres    
answ]$ !  critics ( ,a?anasius by ano!r 
"w1 call$ ,die  ,tri>i]1 pr9t$ 9 #ahch1 
& :i* a*iev$ ! spiritual  victory ( 8   
fir/ book4    ,! fur!r hi/ory ( ?is     
cause is kn[n4 ,! innoc5ce ( !  ar*bi%op
 & ! "r ( ! *ur* 7 ackn[l$g$2 & !  noble
 rul]1 :o !n sat on ! ,prussian ?rone1  
confess$ !  ju/ice ( ! pr9ciples :i*    
,grres _h s ably expla9$ &  def5d$4 ,!  
battle betwe5 ,prote/antism &           
,ca?olicity =  ! future %\ld be on ev5  
foot+2 c>ri$ on no long] by  =ce or     
cunn+1 b by spiritual weapons alone4    
,?is is all  t tru? requires to dis>m h]
 enemies--a fair field & no  trea*]y4   
,at ! same "t ) ! ,a?anasius ( ,grres1  
ca?olic public op9ion f\nd a vehicle 9 !
  ,hi/oris*-politis*e ,bltt]1 edit$ at  
,muni*4 ,grres  0 its *ief ( /aff4 ,8   
la/ article 9 ?is magaz9e1 :i*  ex]cis$ 
! greate/ influ5ce ?r\gh\t ,g]many1 &   

:i*  /ill fl\ri%es1 appe>$ 9 ! ,janu>y  
numb] ( #ahdh1 %ortly  be=e 8 dea?4     
,fre$om ( ! *ur* is ! condition ( its   
b5efic5t &  work+ life1 b n ! life      
itself4 ,fai? is ! basis (  religi\s &  
*ur* life2 fai? 9 ! sup]natural ideas & 
facts ( revelation1 ^: c5tre is ,*ri/1 !
 inc>nate ,son (  ,god & ,r$eem] ( ! _w4
 ,?is fai? seem$ to h  disappe>$ ) !    
fre$om ( ! *ur*4 ,prote/antism1 :i*     
began by d5y+ ! *ur*1 logically end$ ) a
 d5ial ( !  exi/5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,/rauss    
wrote 8 ,life ( ,jesus )  ?is int5tion4 
#eje  ,ev5 among ! ,ca?olics1           
indiff]5tism1 rationalism1 &  infidelity
 _h made ravages1 & m5 ask$1 ,:]e 0 !   
fai?  ( ! ,ca?olic populations8 ,a /rik+
 answ] to ?is "q  0 ! ,pilgrimage to    
,tri]2 ! extraord9>y spectacle ( ov]  a 
million ( free m5 atte/+ _! liv+ belief 
9 ,*ri/ !  ,son ( ,god2 a pro( t !      
,ca?olic p despis$ %am  lib]alism & %am 
enlight5m5t1 set revolutions at         
defiance1  & pr(ess$ ! same fai? z 9 !  
days ( _! fa!rs4  ,?is 0 ! mean+ ( t    

rem>kable ev5t1 :i* ,grres  expla9s 9 8 
la/ publi%$ pamphlet1 call$ !           
,pilgrimage  to ,tri]4    ,grres n[     
ceas$ to be a publici/4 ,he _h writt5   
c\ntless  works2 he _h aid$ tru? ) ^w & 
"w4 ,no "o _h done  m4 ,no "o _h se5 s  
cle>ly into ! future4 ,he _h attack$    
selfi%ness 9 high & l[4 ,8 enemies 7    
c\ntless4 ,no man  receiv$ s mu* abuse z
 he2 no "o 0 ! object ( great]  hate & m
 fi]ce p]secution4 ,yet y w seek 9 va9  
= "o ^w ( invective aga9/ 8 adv]s>ies 9 
any ( 8  works4 ,8 blood boils2 8 words 
ru%2 8 lips quiv]2 8 p5  runs n]v\sly   
along ! pap]2 8 s5t5ces gl[ & ?rill 9   
def5ce ( tru?2 b he is nev] abusive or  
p]sonal4 ,he  *a/ises wick$ness1 c>ves  
iniquity ) ! knife ( satire1  & sc\rges 
folly by 8 wit2 b 9 ! mid/ ( ! battle he
  has ev] a fri5dly h& to /ret* out to 8
 oppon5t4 ,w\ld  t all our mod]n        
j\rnali/s might take a lesson f him 9   
?is respect6    ,view+ ?+s f ! /&po9t ( 
div9e provid5ce1 &  hav+ no desire b t (
 see+ ! div9e plans realiz$1 he  0      

always tranquil 9 ! mid/ ( /orms &      
confusion4 ,8  writ+s z a publici/ are  
consequ5tly n m]ely ephem]al1 or  (     
pass+ importance b conta9 ! mo/ pr(\nd  
views on !  relations ( *ur* & /ate1 on 
! dogmas ( religion1 !  pr9ciples (     
philosophy1 politics1 & hi/ory4    ,b ! 
influ5ce ( ,grres 0 n conf9$ to m]e     
j\rnalism2  he /udi$ & develop$ sci5ce &
 art4 ,grres possess$  imm5se k2 yet    
little ( x 0 s*ool le>n+4 ,he _h  aid$  
to free 8 fa!rl& & ! *ur*2 he also help$
 to  free sci5ce & art f _! %ackles4 ,! 
le>n$ almo/  despis$ ! sup]natural4 ,!  
lives ( ! sa9ts 7 look$ on  z s _m my?s2
 _! miracles absurd2 & ev]y?+ t 0  n    
rational or natural 0 consid]$ z !      
result (  sup]/ition & ignorance4 ,9    
ord] to c\nt]act ?is t5d5cy  ( ! age1 & 
br+ out boldly ! belief 9 ! sup]natural1
  ,grres wrote 9 #ahbf1 8 ,/4 ,francis1 
a ,tr\bad\r2 9  #ahbg1 ,emmanuel        
,sw$5borg1 8 ,visions1 & ,relation to ! 
,*ur*2 an introduction to ,diep5brock's 
edition ( ! works  ( ,bless$ ,h5ry      

,suso2 & 9 #ahdb1 8 greate/ "w1 9 five  
volumes1 entitl$ ,*ri/ian ,my/icism4    
,! f\ndation & s\rce ( all my/ic !ology 
is !  inc>nation ( ,god1 ! union ( !    
div9e ) ! human1 9  ord] t ! latt] %\ld 
be unit$ ) ! div9e4 ,b :at  took place 9
 ,*ri/ is n m]ely a pass+ ev5t1 b a     
liv+1  endur+ act ( ,god2 :o cont9ues ! 
inc>nation 9 ! mo/  holy sacram5t ( !   
alt>1 ! my/]y ( my/]ies2 ?r\gh  :i* !   
wond]ful life & works ( ,*ri/1 accord+  
to 8  promise1 are cont9u$ 9 ! sa9ts ( 8
 *ur*4 ,h5ce come  ! sup]natural ph5om5a
 ( visions & ec/asies 9 !  corporal &   
spiritual life ( ! sa9ts4    #ejf       
,grres s\ght to give n a b>e1 dry hi/ory
 ( ^? m>vels1  b to expla9 & prove !m   
sci5tifically4 ,b1 z to !  k+dom ( !    
good1 ( grace1 & ( ! cele/ial1 !re is   
oppos$ a k+dom ( evil1 :i* is controll$ 
by ! fall5  angels2 ,grres has also     
endeavor$ 9 8 ,my/ik to r5d]            
intelligible ?is night-side ( !         
sup]natural4    ,z ! eyes ( ! ,spani>ds1
 he writes 9 ! beg9n+ (  ?is wond]ful   

book1 on cross+ ! ocean1 ^: dang]s1     
unconqu]$ = s _m c5turies1 !y _h brav$ &
 escap$1  7 /ruck ) admiration &        
a/oni%m5t at ! spectacle (  a new _w1 ^:
 *a9s ( m\nta9s1 mighty lakes1 & riv]s  
murmur+ ) /range voices1 primeval =e/s1 
unaccu/om$  fl[]s1 birds1 bea/s1 & ano!r
 race ( m5 speak+ a  hi!rto unhe>d      
language1 greet$ _! arrival2 s w x      
happ5 to ! majority ( ^? :o ca/ a glance
 ov] !  m>vell\s _w1 :i* is "h expos$ to
 _! vision2 &  ^: exi/5ce &             
compreh5sibility h be5 unkn[n to !m  by 
_! own fault1 & ?r\gh ! neglect &       
calumny (  o!rs2 j z ! ,atlantis ( !    
anci5ts _h be5 well-nigh  =gott5 ?r\gh !
 inatt5tion ( mank9d4 ,i call x a _w  ( 
m>vels1 &1 z no "o w contradict ?is     
ass]tion1 ,i  fur!r ask1 ,:5 has a book 
appe>$ 9 ^! lat] days1 :i*1  leav+ high]
 consid]ations aside1 has1 9 ! int]e/s (
  sci5ce alone1 s\ght to expla9 su* a   
v>iety ( ! mo/  rem>kable & important   
ev5ts2 facts1 acts1 & exp]i5ces  :i*    
give u an insight into ! int]ior        

recesses ( ! s\l2  :i* lay op5 its mo/  
hidd5 nature1 & ?r[ ! greate/  light on 
metaphysiology & metapsy*ology8 ,^!     
mat]ials h  la9 scatt]$ ab\t publicly1  
yet no "o has ?\ght x wor?  :ile to /oop
 d[n & collect !m4 ,9 va9 has ! ri*     
h>ve/ pres5t$ its nodd+ e>s1 no "o w\ld 
take ! tr\ble  to apply ! sickle4 ,= !  
le>n$ put _! heads toge!r &  decid$ t ! 
miracul\s ph5om5a 7 all false1 m]e      
juggl]y1 or ! halluc9ations ( sup]/iti\s
 imag9ations2  & t x w\ld be ridicul\s &
 contemptible 9 any "o ev5  to give !m a
 ?\ght4    ,ano!r rem>kable writ+ (     
,grres is 8 introduction to !  ,life (  
,*ri/1 compos$ aga9/ ,/rauss by ,sepp4  
,8  hi/orical works :ile occupy+ ! *air 
( pr(essor (  hi/ory 7 few4 ,9 #ahcj1   
appe>$ 8 ,basis1 ,connection1  &        
,*ronology ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w2 9 #ahdd1
 he  pr9t$ ,! ,sons ( ,japhet & _!      
,common ,orig9 9  ,arm5ia1 9 :i* he tri$
 to cle> up ! difficulties (  ! ,mosaic 
acc\nt ( ! races ( m52 & 9 #ahde1 came  
=?  f ! press1 ,! ,?ree ,roots ( !      

,celtic ,race 9 ,gaul1  & _!            
,immigrations4 ,he _h conceiv$ ! idea ( 
compos+ a univ]sal hi/ory2 b he nev]    
accompli%$ ?is  int5tion4    ,wolfgang  
,m5zel1 "o ( ! able/ ( ,g]man critics1 9
 8  ,hi/ory ( ,lit]ature1 p4 #aeg1 ?us  
ably judges !  "* ( ,grres z a writ]3 ,i
 "k n :at bett]  expresses ! "* ( 8 m9d 
?an to comp>e x to !  ,/rasburg ,m9/] or
 ! ,ca!dral ( ,cologne4 ,x is said t    
,w9ckelmann 0 an int]ior arti/1 & ,tieck
 an int]nal  trag$ian2 s ,grres may be  
call$ an int]ior ar*itect4 ,at  lea/ all
 8 writ+s1 by _! logical design & _!    
gorge\s ornam5ts ( imag9ation1 rem9d u (
 ! art (  ,erv9ius4 ,9 all 8 works (    
natural philosophy1 ( my?ology1         
politics1 & hi/ory1 we p]ceive ! deep   
feel+ & rev]ie  ( ! ,go?ic mason4  #ejg 
,grres's works are to be ae/hetically   
reg>d$ z *ur*es  wond]fully plann$1     
?or\ghly execut$ f deep f\ndations to   
spire-top2 ri* & f9i%$ ma/]pieces2 b    
entirely di/9ct  & diff]5t f o!r        
creations ( ! human m9d by _!  ,*ri/ian1

 holy1 & ecclesia/ical "*4 ,h5ce arises 
_!  unpopul>ity 9 our "t4 ,^? :o are    
able to und]/& &  love art1 z a rule1   
admire only ! sup]ficial1 & are         
incapable ( fa?om+ ! dep? ( a "w (      
,grres1 &  compreh5d+1 9 all its gr&eur 
& va/ness1 8 spiritual  ar*itecture4    
,ev5 p]sons :o h g5ius en\gh to ?9k     
deeply  are inspir$ by too pr(ane a _s  
to contemplate prop]ly &  feel ! =ce (  
,grres' writ+s1 :i* ! inc5se ( ! holy  (
 holies is ev] wrea?+ ) its delici\s    
aroma4 ,!  lit]ati1 !re=e1 call him     
bomba/ic2 & ! philosophi/s  say he is   
my/ical2 & ?us "o ( ! ri*e/ & deepe/    
intellects ( ! nation rema9s a /rang] to
 !m1 if n  actually an object ( _!      
contempt4 ,?us ,m5zel4    ,! la/        
obs]vation is n1 h[ev]1 entirely true4  
,z ,ca?olic  ,g]many awakes f its       
le?>gy1 & rises gradually high] ov]  !  
mat]ialism & frivolity ( ! pres5t1 br++ 
) x  aga9 into notice ! l(ty & et]nal   
ideas ( religion &  hi/ory1 recall+ !   
glories ( its arti/ic days1 atte/$ by   

its gr& mona/]ies & ca!drals1 ! fame (  
,grres w  gr[1 8 m]its be disclos$1 8   
m9d & s]vices be bett]  appreciat$4 ,m5 
w say ( him 9 ! future :at he himself   
has writt5 ( ! ar*itect ( ! ,ca!dral (  
,cologne 9 8  little book on ,! ,ca!dral
 ( ,cologne & ! ,m9/] (  ,/rasburg3 ,!  
,ca!dral ( ,cologne is ! "w ( "o (  !   
greate/ m9ds t ev] left a trace ( its   
p[] on e>?4  ,! dizzy height ( ! build+1
 :i* we _c contemplate  )\t awe1 gives u
 an idea ( ! pr(undity ( ! g5ius  t     
plann$ x4 ,9 ! conceiv] ( su* a "w 7    
h>moni\sly bl5d$ ! mo/ s+ul> &          
exceptional m5tal  faculties4 ,a        
creative imag9ation1 productive z       
nature1 :i*  takes pleasure 9 ! g5]ation
 ( manifold =ms ( be+2  p[] ( intellect1
 :i* p5etrates ! v ess5ce ( ?+s1  &     
compreh5ds ! :ole ideal realm )\t ef=t2 
a cle>ness  ( appreh5sion1 :i*1 l a     
fla%1 lays b>e ! d>ke/  objects2 a      
reason :i* grasps ! relation ( ?+s )    
p]spicuity2 arrang+ ) ease _! syn!tic & 
analytic  connections2 f9ally1 a deep   

feel+ & s5tim5t ( !  beautiful1 ( ! mo/ 
pure & exalt$ "*2 all unit$ to  make _! 
possessor capable = 8 und]tak+4         
,besides1 _h he  succe$$ 9 complet+ x1  
he mu/ h possess$ a p]sev]+  w1 a mo/   
ext5sive te*nical k ( ! arts &  trades2 
& an am\nt ( practical k :i* alone w\ld 
make him an extraord9>y g5ius4 ,grres1 9
 ?us describ+ !  ar*itect ( ! ,cologne  
,ca!dral1 leaves u 8 own portrait4    ,!
 private life ( ,grres 0 free f blame2 &
 9 ?is  reg>d he is a model among s _m  
di/+ui%$ m51 :o are n  always free f    
reproa* 9 _! dome/ic relations4 ,ev5 8  
y\? 0 m>k$ by no follies4 ,8 dome/ic    
life 0 pure1 &  he br\ght up 8 *ildr5 n 
only ) a high intellectual  tra9+1 b    
also 9 ! fe> ( ,god & 9 ! pr9ciples (   
,*ri/ian morality4    #ejh    ,8 h\se 0 
! picture ( a ,g]man f>m]'s4 ,x 0 op5 to
  e good man1 & clos$ only to ! wick$ & 
false4 ,its  ma/] 0 pleasant1 jovial1 & 
fond ( gayety & innoc5t  amusem5t4      
,grres 0 n a m]e !oretical ,ca?olic2 b a
 true  son ( ! *ur* 9 8 practical       

conduct1 full ( piety &  ,*ri/ian *>ity4
 ,he 0 g5]\s to ! poor & ne$y4 ,he  fe>$
 ,god1 lov$ ! *ur*1 & obey$ ! pope4 ,he 
0  edify+ at div9e s]vice1 assi/$ daily 
at ! holy sacrifice1  & receiv$ holy    
communion frequ5tly4    ,he 0 a %ort1   
?ick-set man1 able to be> labor &       
fatigue4  ,always heal?y1 he _h h>dly   
ev] sp5t a day 9 b$4 ,he _h a  broad br[
 & brilliant eyes4 ,8 hair 0 auburn1    
/reak$ )  grey 9 8 old age1 hang+       
loosely ab\t 8 head1 s t  ,clem5t       
,br5tano comp>$ 8 appe>ance to t ( an   
old lion  %ak+ & pull+ 8 mane caught 9 !
 b>s ( 8 cage4    ,grres di$ z he _h    
liv$1 well1 pi\s1 & happy4 ,x is a      
rem>kable fact1 t great m5 h at la/ (t5 
to und]go  great trials4 ,moses di$ be=e
 ent]+ ! promis$ l&2 ,pet]  & ,paul1 9 !
 mid/ ( a fi]ce p]secution excit$ aga9/ 
! "y *ur* !y _h f\nd$2 ,/4 ,augu/9e1    
:ile ,african  ,*ri/ianity 0 be+ de/roy$
 by ! ,v&als2 ,gregory ,,vii41  dy+1    
exclaim$1 ,i h lov$ ju/ice & hat$       
iniquity1  !re=e d ,i die 9 exile4 ,9   

our "t1 ,o',connell saw 8  belov$ isl& a
 prey to fam9e1 :ile he brea!d 8 la/ f> 
away f h]4 ,grres1 too1 saw all t he _h 
cont5d$ =  well-nigh ru9$1 & ! labor (  
ye>s appe>$ to be 9 va94  ,eight days   
be=e 8 dea?1 he took to 8 b$1 & receiv$ 
!  bless$ ,eu*>i/4 ,on ,janu>y #be?1    
#ahdh1 8 *ildr5 &  fri5ds celebrat$ 8   
sev5ty-second bir?day4 ,he receiv$ holy 
communion aga9 two days be=e 8 dep>ture1
 :i* took place  on ,janu>y #bi?1 at    
half-pa/ six 9 ! morn+1 :il/ 8  *ildr5 &
 fri5ds knelt at 8 b$side repeat+ !     
,litany  = ! dy+2 & :ile 8 fri5d &      
pupil1 ,pr(essor  ,haneb]g1 0 say+ ,mass
 = him4 ,a lett]1 writt5 j aft]  8 dea? 
by an eye-witness1 conta9s ?is passage3 
,! corpse  0 beautiful4 ,x became l     
alaba/]4 ,! head1 face1 &  broad br[ 7  
calm1 cle>1 & peaceful1 z if fre$ f !   
c>es ( ?is life1 & await+ ! resurrection
 ( ! j4  ,?us di$1 utt]+ holy s5tim5ts1 
"o ( ! greate/  intellects ( ?is or any 
o!r age4    ,an extraord9>y rem>k (     
,grres1 j be=e 8 dea?1 is  pres]v$4 ,8  

m9d w&]$ among ! sc5es ( 8 =m]  /udies1 
&1 recall+ ! dead nations ( hi/ory1 he  
said1  ,let u pray = ! peoples t are no 
m6    ,grres has be5 frequ5tly call$ !  
,o',connell ( ,ca?olic  ,g]many4 ,!re is
 "s tru? 9 ! p>allel4 ,x is true he c\ld
  n address a hundr$ ?\s& ( 8 c\ntrym5 f
 !  ro/rum2 yet 8 ,m]cury ( ! ,rh9e & 8 
,a?anasius c\ld effect z mu* z 8 liv+   
voice4 ,he  0 n1 l ,o',connell1 !       
recogniz$ lead] ( 8 p2 yet  all good m5 
reg>d$ him z _! ma/]2 & all :o _h       
witness$ 8 patriotism 9 #ahad1 & 8 fai? 
9 #ahcg1 tru/$  him z ,irel& did h]     
,o',connell4 ,o',connell's "w 0 inde$  m
 rapid & excit+ 9 ! pres5t2 b m         
efficaci\s 9  ! future 0 :at ,grres _h  
done1 & m fruitful ! se$  :i* he plant$4
  #eji  ,grres _h n to free ! ,ca?olics 
( ,g]many f a yoke1 su*  z ,engl& _h put
 ov] ! neck ( h] si/] isle2 /ill he 0  a
 real lib]ator1 a lib]ator ( ,g]mans f  
=eign mann]s2  = e nation is orda9$ (   
,god1 & x is a %ame & a  disgrace1 by   
ap+ =eign mann]s1 to d5y ! fa!rl& to    

:i* we belong by spee* & nativity2 a    
lib]ator ( ! *ur*  f /ate tutelage1 :i* 
injur$ ! civil z well z !  ecclesia/ical
 p[]2 a lib]ator ( ! sci5ces f !        
%ackles ( rationalism & infidelity2 a   
lib]ator ( !  ca?olic _s & ( ca?olic    
self-consci\sness f !  slumb] (         
indiff]5tism & ! *a9s ( ! _s ( !  age2  
an agitator & excitator 0 he 9 ! cause (
 tru? &  virtue2 he dragg$ ,ca?olic     
,g]many out ( ! miry dungeon (          
pusillanimity1 taught h] self-respect1 &
 made ! blood1 :i*  _h be5 /agnant1 fl[ 
aga9 9 h] ve9s4 ,z ,o',connell lov$  8  
c\ntry1 8 *ur*1 & lib]ty1 s did ,grres2 
especially  t true lib]ty :i* is z      
di/9ct f ! false z ,god is  f idols4    
,may ,g]many & ! *ur* nev] want g5iuses 
l  ,grres 9 _! ne$2 & may ,god s5d a %[]
 ( su* m5 to  our own ,unit$ ,/ates6    
--------                   ,nature ,&   
,grace4      ,9 ! article on ,rome & !  
,_w 9 ! ,magaz9e =  ,novemb] la/1 x 0   
%[n t !re is an irrepressible  conflict 
betwe5 ! _s :i* dom9ates 9 ! _w & t  :i*

 reigns 9 ! *ur*1 or ! antagonism :i*   
!re is &  mu/ be betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,satan1 
! law ( life & ! law (  dea?2 & e "o :o 
has attempt$ to live 9 /rict  ob$i5ce to
 ! law ( ,god has f\nd t he has to su/a9
 an  unceas+ w>f>e betwe5 ! _s & ! fle%1
 betwe5 !  law ( ! m9d & ! law 9 !      
memb]s4 ,we see ! "r1 we  approve x1 we 
resolve to d x1 & d x n4 ,we are drawn  
away  f x by ! s$uctions ( ! fle%1 our  
appetites1 passions1  & c>nal           
affections1 s t ! good we w\ld d1 we d  
n1  & ! evil we w\ld n1 t we d4 ,?is1   
:i* is really a  /ruggle 9 our own bosom
 betwe5 ! high] nature & !  l[]1 is     
sometimes reg>d$ z a /ruggle betwe5     
nature &  grace1 & tak5 z a pro( t our  
nature is evil1 & t  betwe5 x & grace   
!re is an inh]5t antagonism :i* c be    
remov$ only by ! de/ruction ei!r (      
nature by grace1 or (  grace by nature4 
,antagonism !re c]ta9ly is betwe5 ! _s  
( ,*ri/ & ! _s ( ! _w1 & 9 ! bosom ( !  
individual betwe5 ! _s & ! fle%4 ,?is   
antagonism mu/  la/ z long z ?is life   

la/s1 = ! c>nal m9d is n  subject to !  
law ( ,god1 nei!r inde$ c be2 b ?is     
implies no antagonism betwe5 ! law (    
grace & ! law (  nature2 = !re is1 z ,/4
 ,paul assures u1 no condemnation to  !m
 :o are 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o walk n       
accord+ to !  fle%4 7,rom4 viii4 #a47   
,nor does ?is /ruggle imply t our       
nature is evil or has be5 corrupt$ by ! 
fall2 = ! ,c\ncil  ( ,tr5t has def9$ t !
 fle% inde$ incl9es to s91 b  is n      
itself s94 ,x rema9s ev5 aft] baptism1 &
 r5d]s !  combat necess>y ?r\gh life2 b 
!y :o resi/ x & walk  aft] ! _s are n   
s9n]s1 because !y reta9 x1 feel  its    
motions1 & are expos$ to its s$uctions4 
#eaj  ,all evil orig9ates 9 ! abuse (   
good1 = ,god has nev] made  any?+ evil4 
,we h suff]$ & suff] f orig9al s92 we  h
 lo/ innoc5ce1 ! orig9al righte\sness 9 
:i* we 7  con/itut$1 ! gifts orig9ally  
add$ !reto1 or ! integrity  ( our       
nature--z immunity f disease & dea?1 !  
subjection  ( ! body to ! s\l1 ! inf]ior
 s\l to ! high]--&  fall5 into a        

disord]$ or abnormal /ate2 b our nature 
has  und]gone no entitative or physical 
*ange or corruption1 & x  is ess5tially 
n[ :at x 0 be=e ! fall4 ,x reta9s all   
its orig9al faculties1 & ^! all reta9 _!
 orig9al  nature4 ,! und]/&+ lacks !    
sup]natural light t  illum9$ x 9 ! /ate 
( innoc5ce2 b x is /ill  und]/&+1 & /ill
 op]ates & c op]ate only ad  v]itatem2  
free-w1 z ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t def9es1 has 
be5 enfeebl$1 att5uat$1 ei!r positively 
9 itself by be+  despoil$ ( its         
integrity & ( its sup]natural end[m5t1  
or  negatively by ! great] ob/acles 9 ! 
appetites & passions  x has to ov]come2 
b x is free-w /ill1 & op]ates &  c      
op]ate only propt] bonitatem4 ,we c w   
only good1  or ?+s only 9 ! respect t !y
 are good1 & only =  ! reason !y are    
good4 ,we d n & _c w evil z evil1  or = 
! sake ( evil4 ,! object & only object (
 !  intellect is tru?1 ! object & only  
object ( ! w is  good1 z x 0 be=e !     
prev>ication ( ,adam or orig9al s94     
,ev5 our l[] nature1 concupisc5tia1 9   

:i* is !  fomes peccati1 is /ill        
entitatively good1 & ! due  satisfaction
 ( all its t5d5cies is useful & necess>y
 9 !  economy ( human life4 ,food & dr9k
 are necess>y to supply !  wa/e ( ! body
 & to ma9ta9 its heal? & /r5g?4 ,e      
natural affection1 passion1 appetite1 or
 t5d5cy po9ts to a  good ( "s sort1 :i* 
_c be neglect$ )\t great] or  less      
injury2 nor is ! s5sible pleasure t     
accompanies !  gratification ( our      
nature 9 itself evil1 or )\t a good &   
necess>y end4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! evil1 & 9  
:at consi/s !  damage done to our nature
 by orig9al s98 ,! damage1 aside f  !   
culpa1 or s9 & consequ5t loss (         
communion )  ,god1 is 9 ! disord]       
introduc$1 ! abnormal developm5t (  !   
fle% or ! appetites & passions consequ5t
 on _!  escape f ! control ( reason1 _! 
fall "u ,satanic  influ5ce1 & ! ignoble 
slav]y1 :5 !y became dom9ant1 to  :i* !y
 r$uce reason & free-w z m9i/]s ( _!    
pleasure4 ,all ! t5d5cies ( our nature h
 ea* its special  end1 :i* ea* seeks )\t

 respect = ! special ends ( !  o!rs2 &  
h5ce1 if n re/ra9$ by reason )9 ! b\nds 
( mod]ation & sobriety1 !y run a?w>t "o 
ano!r1 &  introduce into ! bosom ( !    
individual disord] & an>*y1  :5ce proce$
 ! disord] & an>*y1 ! tyranny &         
oppression1 ! w>s & fight+s 9 society4  
,! appetites &  passions are all        
despotic & de/itute ( reason1 ea* seek+ 
bl9dly & ) all its =ce its special      
gratification2 & !  evil is 9 ! /ruggle 
( ea* = ! ma/]y ( ! o!rs1  & 9 _! t5d5cy
 to make reason & free-w _!  s]vants1 or
 to br+ ! sup]ior s\l into bondage to ! 
inf]ior1 z is said1 :5 we say ( a man1  
,he is ! slave (  8 appetites1 or !     
slave ( 8 passions1 s t we are  l$ to   
pref] a pres5t & tempor>y good1 ?\gh    
small]1 to a  di/ant future & et]nal    
beatitude1 ?\gh inf9itely great]4  #eaa 
,h5ce1 "u _! control we n only are      
afflict$ )  int]nal disord] & an>*y1 b  
we come to reg>d ! pleasure  t          
accompanies ! gratification ( our       
s5sitive appetites &  passions z ! real 

& true end ( life4 ,we eat & dr9k1 n  9 
ord] to live1 b we live 9 ord] to eat & 
dr9k4 ,we make  s5sual pleasure our end1
 ! motive ( our activity & !  measure ( 
our progress4 ,h5ce we are c>nal m51    
sold "u s91  foll[ ! c>nal m9d1 :i* is  
antagoni/ic to ! spiritual  m9d1 or to  
reason & w1 :i*1 ?\gh !y d 9 ! c>nal    
man ! bidd+ ( ! fle%1 nev] approve x1   
nor mi/ake :at  ! fle% craves = ! true  
end ( man4    ,! antagonism "h is       
antagonism betwe5 ! _s & !  fle%1 n an  
antagonism betwe5 nature &              
grace--c]ta9ly n  betwe5 ! law ( nature 
& ! law ( grace4 ,! law ( nature  is    
some?+ v diff]5t f ! natural laws ( !   
physici/s1 :i* are simply physical laws4
 ,transc5d5tali/s1  humanit>ians1 &     
naturali/s conf\nd ^! physical laws )   
:at !ologians call ! natural law z      
di/+ui%$ f !  reveal$ law1 & take z _!  
rule ( morals ! maxim1 ,foll[  nature1 t
 is1 foll[ "o's own incl9ations &       
t5d5cies4  ,!y recognize no real        
diff]5ce betwe5 ! law ( ob$i5ce  & ! law

 ( gravitation1 & all[ no di/9ction     
betwe5  physical laws & moral law4 ,h5ce
 = !m !re is a physical1  b no moral    
ord]4 ,! law ( nature1 z recogniz$ by   
!ologians & morali/s1 is a moral law1 n 
a physical law1 a  law :i* is address$  
to reason & free-w1 & dem&s  motives1 n 
simply a mov]4 ,x is call$ natural      
because x is  promulgat$ by ! ,supreme  
,lawgiv] ?r\gh natural reason1  in/ead (
 sup]natural revelation1 & is1 at lea/ 9
 a  measure1 kn[n to all m52 = all m5 h 
reason1 & a natural  s5se ( "r & wrong1 
&1 !re=e1 a consci5ce4    ,natural      
reason is able to atta9 to ! full k ( ! 
natural law1 b1 z ,/4 ,?omas ma9ta9s1   
only 9 !  lite ( ! race4 ,= ! bulk (    
mank9d a revelation is  necess>y to give
 !m an adequate k ev5 ( ! precepts  ( ! 
natural law2 b z 9 "s m5 x c be kn[n by 
reason  alone1 x is )9 ! rea* ( our     
natural faculties1 &  !re=e prop]ly     
call$ natural4 ,n t nature is ! s\rce  f
 :i* x d]ives its legal "*1 b ! m$ium ( 
its  promulgation4    ,! law ( grace or 

! reveal$ law presupposes ! natural     
law--gratia supponit naturam--& h[ev]   
mu* or little  x conta9s t surpasses x1 
x conta9s no?+ t  contradicts1          
abrogates1 or ov]rides x4 ,! natural law
 itself  requires t all our natural     
appetites1 passions1 & t5d5cies  be     
re/ra9$ )9 ! b\nds ( mod]ation1 &       
subord9at$  to a moral end or ! true end
 ( man1 ! great purpose ( 8  exi/5ce2 & 
ev5 ,epicurus1 :o makes pleasure ! end (
 our  exi/5ce1 our supreme good1        
requires1 at lea/ !oretically1  ! l[]   
nature to be indulg$ only ) sobriety &  
mod]ation4 ,8 error is n s mu* 9 !      
indulg5ce he all[$  to ! s5sual or c>nal
 nature1 :i* he 0 z well aw>e z  o!rs1  
ne$s ! re/ra9ts ( reason & w1 z 9 plac+ 
! supreme good 9 ! pleasure t           
accompanies !  gratification ( nature1 &
 9 giv+ z ! reason or motive (  !       
re/ra9t1 n ! w ( ,god1 b ! great] am\nt 
&  security ( natural pleasure4 ,!      
natural law n only comm&s  ! re/ra9t1 b 
=bids u to make ! pleasure ! supreme    

good1 or ! motive ( ! re/ra9t4  #eab  ,x
 places ! supreme good 9 ! fulfilm5t ( !
 real purpose  ( our exi/5ce1 makes !   
prop] motive ju/ice or "r1 n  pleasure1 
& comm&s u to subord9ate incl9ation to  
duty z  det]m9$ by reason or ! law      
itself4 ,x requires ! l[]  nature to    
move 9 subord9ation to ! high]1 & !     
high] to  act always 9 ref]5ce to !     
ultimate end ( man1 :i*1 we  "k ev5 f   
reason itself1 is ,god1 ! f9al z well z 
!  fir/ cause ( all ?+s4 ,! reveal$ law 
& ! natural law  "h p]fectly co9cide1 & 
!re is no discrepancy betwe5  !m4 ,if1  
!n1 we und]/& by nature ! law ( nature1 
natural ju/ice & equity1 or :at we "k or
 may "k naturally  is reasonable & j1   
!re is no contr>iety betwe5 nature  &   
grace1 = grace dem&s only :at nature    
h]self dem&s4  ,! suppos$ w> ( grace    
aga9/ nature is only ! w> (  reason &   
free-w aga9/ appetite1 passion1 &       
incl9ation1  :i* c be safely foll[$ only
 :5 re/ra9$ )9 prop]  b\nds4 ,!         
crucifixion or annihilation ( nature1   

:i*  ,*ri/ian asceticism enjo9s1 is a   
moral1 n a physical  crucifixion or     
annihilation2 ! de/ruction ( pleasure z 
our  motive or end4 ,no physical        
de/ruction ( any?+ natural1 nor         
physical *ange 9 any?+ natural1 is dem&$
 by grace or  ,*ri/ian p]fection4 ,! law
 ( grace nei!r =bids nor  dim9i%es !    
pleasure t accompanies ! satisfaction ( 
nature2 x only =bids our mak+ x our     
good1 an end to be  liv$ =4 ,:5 ! sa9ts 
mortify ! fle%1 *a/ise ! body1  or      
spr9kle ) a%es _! mess ( bitt] h]bs1 x  
is to  ma9ta9 inw>d fre$om1 to prev5t   
pleasure f ga9+ a  ma/]y ov] !m1 &      
becom+ a motive ( action1 or p]haps     
(t5] f a love ( sacrifice1 & ! desire to
 %>e )  ,*ri/ 9 8 suff]+s to r$eem ! _w4
 ,we all ( u1 if we  h any sympa?ies1   
feel an inv9cible repugnance to fea/+  &
 mak+ m]ry :5 our fri5ds1 ^? we t5d]ly  
love1 are  suff]+ ne> u1 & ! sa9ts see  
always ! suff]+  ,r$eem]1 ,*ri/ 9 8     
agony 9 ! g>d5 & on ! cross1  be=e _!   
eyes1 him :om !y love deeply1 t5d]ly1 ) 

!  :ole he>t & s\l4    ,b ?\gh ! law (  
nature & ! law ( grace really  co9cide1 
we h s suff]$ f orig9al s91 t we _c1  by
 our unassi/$ natural /r5g?1 p]fectly   
keep ev5 ! law  ( nature4 ,! law (      
nature requires u to love ,god ) our    
:ole he>t & ) our :ole s\l1 & ) all our 
/r5g?  & ) all our m9d1 & our neighbor z
 ourselves4 ,?is law1  ?\gh n above our 
p[]s 9 integral nature1 is above !m 9   
our fall5 or abnormal /ate4 ,grace is ! 
sup]natural  assi/ance giv5 u ?r\gh     
,jesus ,*ri/ to deliv] u f !  bondage ( 
,satan & ! fle%1 & to enable u to fulfil
 ?is  great law4 ,?is is :at is         
sometimes call$ m$ic9al grace2 &  h[ev] 
antagoni/ic x may be to ! moral disord] 
introduc$  by orig9al s9 & aggravat$ by 
actual s91 x is no m  antagoni/ic to    
nature itself ?an is ! m$ic9e adm9i/]$  
by ! physician to ! body to enable x to 
?r[ (f a disease  too /rong = x1 & to   
recov] its heal?4 ,:at assi/s  nature1  
aids x to keep ! law & atta9 to fre$om &
 normal  developm5t1 _c be oppos$ to    

nature or 9 any mann] hurtful  to x4    
,moreov]1 grace is n m]ely m$ic9al1 nor 
simply re/rict$ to  repair+ ! damage    
done by orig9al s94 ,:]e s9 ab\nd$1     
grace sup]ab\nds4  #eac  ,:e!r1 if man  
_h n s9n$1 ,god w\ld h become inc>nate  
or n is a "q :i* we ne$ n raise "h1 any 
m ?an  ! "q :e!r ,god c\ld or c\ld n1   
congru\sly ) 8  kn[n attributes1 h      
creat$ man 9 :at ! !ologians call  !    
/ate ( pure nature1 z he is n[ born1    
seclusa ratione  culpae et pa5ae1 &     
!re=e = a natural beatitude2 =  x is    
agre$ on all h&s t he did n s create    
him1 & t  ! inc>nation is n re/rict$ 9  
its int5tion or effect to  ! simple     
r$emption ( man f s91 orig9al or actual1
 &  8 re/oration to ! integrity ( 8     
nature1 lo/ by !  prev>ication ( ,adam4 
,all s*ools tea* t z a matt] ( fact  !  
inc>nation looks high] & f>!r1 & is     
int5d$ to  elevate man to a sup]natural 
ord] ( spiritual life1 & to  secure him 
a sup]natural beatitude1 a life &       
beatitude to  :i* 8 nature alone is n   

adequate4    ,man reg>d$ 9 ! pres5t     
decree ( ,god has n only 8 orig9  9 !   
sup]natural1 b also 8 la/ end or f9al   
cause4 ,he  proce$s f ,god z fir/ cause1
 & returns to him z f9al  cause4 ,!     
ori5tal religions1 ! ,egyptian1 ,h9du1  
,*9ese1 &  ! ,buddhi/1 etc41 all say z  
mu*1 b fall into ! error (  mak+ him    
proce$ f ,god by way ( emanation1       
g5]ation1  =mation1 or developm5t1 & 8  
return to him z f9al cause1  absorption 
9 him1 z ! /ream 9 ! f\nta91 or ! total 
loss ( individuality1 :i*1 in/ead ( be+ 
p]fect beatitude  9 ,god1 is absolute   
p]sonal annihilation4 ,b ^! religions  h
 orig9at$ 9 a tru? :i* !y misappreh5d1  
p]v]t1 or  trave/y4 ,man1 bo? ,*ri/ian  
fai? & s\nd philosophy tea*  u1 proce$s 
f ,god z fir/ cause by way ( creation   
prop]1  & returns to him z f9al cause   
)\t absorption 9 him or  loss (         
individuality4 ,god creates man1 n inde$
 an  indep5d5t1 b a sub/antive exi/5ce1 
capable ( act+ f  8 own c5tre z a second
 cause2 & h[ev] intimate may be 8       

relation ) ,god1 he is always           
di/+ui%able f him1 & c  no m be conf\nd$
 ) him z 8 f9al cause ?an he c be       
conf\nd$ ) him z 8 fir/ cause4 ,n only !
 race b !  individual man returns to    
,god1 & f9ds 9 him 8 supreme good1  &   
individually unit$ to him1 ?r\gh ! ,^w  
made fle%1  enjoys p]sonally 9 him an   
inf9ite beatitude4    ,god alike z fir/ 
cause & z f9al cause is sup]natural4 ,& 
man !re=e c nei!r exi/ nor f9d 8        
beatitude )\t  ! int]v5tion ( !         
sup]natural4 ,he c no m rise to a       
sup]natural beatitude or beatitude 9    
,god )\t !  sup]natural act ( ,god1 ?an 
he c\ld beg9 to exi/ )\t  t act4 ,!     
natural is creat$ & f9ite1 & c be no    
m$ium  ( ! inf9ite or sup]natural4 ,man1
 z he is 9 ! pres5t  decree ( ,god1 _c  
obta9 8 end1 rise to 8 supreme good or  
beatitude1 )\t a sup]natural m$ium4 ,?is
 m$ium 9 relation  to ! end1 or 9 !     
teleological ord]1 is ! ,^w made fle%1  
,god inc>nate1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! only     
m$iator betwe5 ,god &  m54 ,jesus ,*ri/ 

is n only ! m$ium ( our r$emption f  s9 
& ! consequ5ces ( ! fall1 b ( our       
elevation to !  plane ( a sup]natural   
de/9y1 & p]fect beatitude 9 !  intimate 
& et]nal possession ( ,god1 :o is bo?   
our good &  ! ,good 9 itself4 ,?is is a 
high]1 an inf9itely great] good  ?an man
 c\ld ev] h atta9$ to by 8 natural p[]s 
ev5  9 a /ate ( integral nature1 or if  
he _h n s9n$1 & _h  _h no ne$ ( a       
,r$eem]2 & h5ce ! apo/le tells u :]e  s9
 ab\nd$ grace sup]ab\nd$1 & ! *ur* s+s  
on ,holy  ,saturday1 ,o felix culpa4 ,! 
inc>nate ,^w is ! m$ium  ( ?is          
sup]ab\nd+ good1 z ! ,fa!r is its       
pr9ciple &  ! ,holy ,gho/ its           
consummator4    #ead    ,:e!r grace is  
some?+ creat$1 z ,/4 ,?omas ma9ta9s1 &  
z w\ld seem to foll[ f ! doctr9e (      
infus$ virtues  ass]t$ by ! ,c\ncil (   
,tr5t1 or ! direct action ( !  ,holy    
,gho/ )9 u1 z 0 held by ,petrus         
,lomb>dus1 ! ,ma/]  ( ,s5t5ces1 x is    
c]ta9 t ! m$ium ( all grace giv5 to     
enable u to atta9 to beatitude is !     

,inc>nation1 & h5ce is  t]m$ by         
!ologians gratia ,*ri/i1 & di/+ui%able  
f ! simple gratia ,dei1 :i* is be/[$ on 
man 9  ! initial ord]1 or ord] ( g5esis1
 commonly ! natural  ord]1 because its  
explication is by natural g5]ation1 & n 
z ! teleological ord]1 by ! election (  
grace4 ,! grace (  ,*ri/ by :i* our     
nature is elevat$ to ! plane ( !        
sup]natural1 & enabl$ to atta9 to a     
sup]natural end or  beatitude1 _c be    
oppos$ to nature1 or 9 any s5se         
antagoni/ic to nature4 ,nature is n d5i$
 or injur$ because  its au?or prep>es = 
x a great]1 an inf9itely great] ?an  a  
natural or creat$ good1 to :i* no creat$
 nature by its own  p[]s1 h[ev] exalt$1 
c\ld ev] atta94 ,m5 may d\bt if su*  a  
good rema9s = ^? :o love our ,"l ,jesus 
,*ri/ & by  8 grace foll[ him 9 !       
reg5]ation1 b nobody c pret5d  t ! pr(f]
 ( su* good1 & ! gift ( ! means to      
atta9 x1 c be any injury or slight to   
nature4    ,!re is no d\bt t 9 ! fle%   
:i* resi/s grace1 because  grace w\ld   

subord9ate x to reason & free-w1 b ?is1 
?\gh ! practical difficulty1 is n ! real
 dialectic  difficulty :i* m5 feel 9 !  
way ( accept+ ! ,*ri/ian  doctr9e (     
grace4 ,m5 object to x on ! gr\nd t x   
sub/itutes grace = nature1 & r5d]s      
nature good = no?+  9 ! ,*ri/ian or     
teleological ord]--! ord] ( return to   
,god z our la/ end or f9al cause4 ,we h 
anticipat$ &  refut$ ?is objection 9    
condemn+ ! pan!i/ic doctr9e (  !        
ori5tals1 & by ma9ta9+ t ! return to    
,god is  )\t absorption 9 him1 or loss (
 our individuality or  di/9ct           
p]sonality4    ,! beatitude :i* !       
reg5]ate s\l atta9s to 9 ,god by !      
grace ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ is !       
beatitude ( t v  individual s\l t       
proce$s1 by way ( creation1 f ,god4 ,!  
sa9ts by be+ ble/ 9 ,god are n lo/ 9    
him1 b reta9 9  glory _! orig9al human  
nature & _! id5tical p]sonal  exi/5ce4  
,?is ! *ur* pla9ly tea*es 9 h] cultus   
sanctorum4 ,%e invokes ! sa9ts 9 heav51 
& honors !m  z individuals di/9ct f     

,god1 & z di/9ct p]sonalities2  & h5ce1 
%e tea*es u t ! sa9ts are sons ( ,god   
only by  adoption1 &1 ?\gh liv+ by & 9 !
 ,inc>nate ,^w1 are  n !mselves ,*ri/1  
or ! ,^w made fle%4 ,9 !  ,inc>nation1 !
 human p]sonality 0 absorb$ or sup]s$$  
by  ! div9e p]sonality1 s t ! human     
nature assum$ _h a  div9e b no human    
p]sonality4 ,! ,^w assum$ human nature1 
n a human p]son4 ,h5ce ! error ( !      
,ne/orians &  ,adoptioni/s1 & also ( ^? 
:o 9 our own times are will+  to call   
,m>y ! "m ( ,*ri/1 b %r9k f call+ h]    
,greek text1 or ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,b 9 !    
sa9ts1 :o are  n hypo/atically unit$ to 
! ,^w1 human nature n only  rema9s      
un*ang$1 b reta9s its human p]sonality2 
& !  sa9ts are z really m51 z really    
human p]sons 9 glory1 z  !y 7 :ile 9 !  
fle%1 & are ! same human p]sons t  !y 7 
be=e ei!r reg5]ation or glorification4  
#eae  ,! *ur*1 by h] cultus sanctorum1  
tea*es u to reg>d  ! glorifi$ sa9ts z   
/ill human p]sons1 & to honor !m z      
human p]sons1 :o by ! aid ( grace h     

m]it$ ! honor we  give !m4 ,we und\bt$ly
 honor ,god 9 8 sa9ts z well z 9  all 8 
works ( nature or ( grace2 b ?is honor (
 ,god 9 8  works is t ( latria1 & is n t
 :i* is r5d]$  to ! sa9ts4 ,9 ! cultus  
sanctorum1 we n only honor  him 9 8     
works1 b we also honor ! sa9ts !mselves 
=  _! own p]sonal wor?1 acquir$ n1      
inde$1 )\t grace1  b /ill acquir$ by !m1
 & is z mu* !irs z if x _h  be5 acquir$ 
by _! unassi/$ natural p[]s2 = our      
natural  p[]s are f ,god z fir/ cause1  
no less ?an grace itself1  only grace is
 f him ?r\gh ! ,inc>nation4 ,y say1 x is
  object$1 t grace supposes nature1     
gratia supponit  naturam1 yet ,/4 ,paul 
calls ! reg5]ation a new creation1  & ! 
reg5]at$ s\l a new creature4 ,v true2   
yet he says  ?is n because ! nature giv5
 9 g5]ation is de/roy$ or  sup]s$$ 9    
reg5]ation1 b because reg5]ation no m   
?an  g5]ation c be initiat$ or su/a9$   
)\t ! div9e  creative act2 because      
g5]ation c nev] become ( itself         
reg5]ation1 or make ! fir/ motion t[>d  

x4 ,)\t !  div9e reg5]ative act we _c   
ent] ^u our teleological or  spiritual  
life1 b mu/ rema9 = ev] 9 ! ord] (      
g5]ation1 & inf9itely bel[ our de/9y1 z 
is ! case )  ! reprobate or ^? :o die   
unreg5]ate4 ,b x is ! p]son  born (     
,adam t is reg5]at$1 t is translat$ into
 !  k+dom ( ,god's de> ,son1 & t is !   
recipi5t (  reg5]at+1 p]sev]+1 &        
glorify+ grace4 ,?is is !  po9t we insi/
 on2 =1 if s1 ! objection t grace       
de/roys  or sup]s$es nature is refut$4  
,! :ole ( ,ca?olic !ology  tea*es t     
grace assi/s nature1 b does n create or 
sub/itute a new nature1 z is evid5t f ! 
fact t x  tea*es t 9 reg5]ation ev5 we  
mu/ concur ) grace1 t  we c resi/ x1 &  
aft] reg5]ation lose all t grace        
conf]s1 apo/atize f ! fai?1 & fall ev5  
bel[ !  condition ( ! unreg5]ate4 ,?is  
w\ld be impossible1 if we  did n reta9  
our nature z active 9 & aft] reg5]ation4
 ,9  ?is life x is c]ta9 t reg5]ation is
 a moral1 a  spiritual1 n a physical    
*ange1 & t our reason & w  are          

emancipat$ f ! bondage ( s91 & are      
simply enabl$  to act f a high] plane & 
ga9 a high] end ?an x c\ld  unassi/$2 b 
x is ! natural p]son t is enabl$ & t    
acts 9 ga9+ ! high] end4 ,grace1 !n1    
does n 9 ?is  life de/roy or sup]s$e    
nature1 & ! au?oriz$  cultus ( ! sa9ts  
proves t x does n 9 !  glorifi$ sa9t or 
life to come4    ,! same conclusion     
foll[s f ! fact t reg5]ation only       
fulfils g5]ation4 ,i am n come1 said our
 ,"l1 to de/roy1  b to fulfil4 ,!       
creative act1 complet$1 z to ! ord] (   
procession ( exi/5ces f ,god1 9 !       
,inc>nation or  hypo/atic union1 :i*    
closes ! initial ord] & in/itutes  !    
teleological1 includes bo? ! procession 
( exi/5ces f  ,god & _! return to him4  
,x is complet$1 fulfill$1 &  consummat$ 
only 9 reg5]ation & glorification4 ,if !
 nature  t proce$s f ,god is *ang$ or   
sup]s$$ by grace1 !  creative act is n  
fulfill$1 = t :i* proce$s f ,god  does n
 return to him4  #eaf  ,! initial man   
mu/ himself return1 or ) reg>d to him ! 

creative act rema9s initial &           
incomplete4 ,9 ! fir/ ord]1  man is only
 initial or in*oate1 & is a complete1 a 
p]fect man  only :5 he has return$ to   
,god z 8 f9al cause4 ,to ma9ta9  t x is 
n ?is initial man t returns1 b1 if !    
supposition be possible1 ano!r ?an he1  
or some?+  sub/itut$ = him1 & t has n by
 way ( creation  proce$$ f ,god1 w\ld   
d5y ! v purpose & end ( !  ,inc>nation1 
& ! v idea ( r$emption1 reg5]ation1 &   
glorification1 ! grace ( ,*ri/1 & leave 
man )\t any  means ( r$emption or       
deliv]ance f s91 or ( fulfill+ 8        
de/9y--! doom ( ! damn$ 9 hell4 ,!      
de/ruction or  *ange ( man's nature is !
 de/ruction ( man himself1 !  de/ruction
 ( 8 id5tity1 8 human p]sonality2 yet   
,/4 ,paul  tea*es1 ,rom4 viii4 #cj1 t ! 
p]sons call$ are !y :o are  r$eem$ &    
glorifi$3 ,:om he pr$e/9at$1 !m also he 
call$2 & :om he call$1 !m also he       
ju/ifi$2 & :om he  ju/ifi$1 !m also he  
glorifi$4    ,we c1 inde$1 d no?+ 9     
relation to our end )\t !  grace (      

,*ri/2 b1 ) t grace freely giv5 &       
/r5g!n+ u1 x is equally c]ta9 t we c "w1
 &  "w ev5 m]itori\sly1 or else h[ c\ld 
heav5 be promis$ u  z a rew>d8 ,yet x is
 s promis$3 ,he t come? to ,god mu/     
believe t he is1 & is ! rew>d] ( !m t   
seek him4  7,heb4 xi4 #f47 ,moses look$ 
to ! rew>d2 ,david _h respect to  !     
div9e retributions2 & all ,*ri/ians1 z  
ne>ly all  hea!n1 believe 9 a future    
/ate ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,we  are     
exhort$ to flee to ,*ri/ & obey him t we
 may escape  hell & ga9 heav54 ,! grace 
by :i* we are born aga9 &  are enabl$ to
 m]it is unque/ionably gratuit\s1 =     
grace is  always gratuit\s1 omn9o       
gratis1 z say ! !ologians1  & we c d    
no?+ to m]it x1 no m ?an we c\ld d      
some?+ to m]it our creation f no?+2 b   
?\gh  gratuit\s1 a free gift ( ,god1    
grace is be/[$ on or infus$  into a     
subject already exi/+ 9 ! ord] (        
g5]ation or  natural ord]1 & we c act by
 x1 & c & d1 if fai?ful  to x1 m]it     
heav5 or et]nal life4 ,h5ce says !      

apo/le1  ,"w out y\r salvation ) fe> &  
trembl+2 = x is ,god  t worke? 9 y bo?  
to w & to d1 or to accompli%4  7,philip1
 ii4 #ab47 ,b ?is no m implies t ! will+
 &  do+ 9 ! ord] ( reg5]ation are n ours
 ?an t our  act+ 9 ! ord] ( nature is n 
ours because we c ev5 9  t ord] act1    
:e!r = good or = evil1 only by ! div9e  
concurr5ce4    ,! het]odox conf\nd !    
gift ( grace by :i* we are able to  m]it
 ! rew>d ) ! rew>d itself2 h5ce !y      
ma9ta91  because we c m]it no?+ )\t     
grace1 t we c m]it  no?+ ev5 ) x1 & t we
 are ju/ifi$ by fai? alone1  :i* is !   
free gift ( ,god1 conf]r$ on :om he     
wills1 &  t grace is irresi/ible1 & once
 9 grace we are always 9  grace4 ,b ,/4 
,james tells u t we are ju/ifi$ by our  
works1 & n by fai? only1 = fai? )\t     
works is dead4  7,/4 ,james ii4 #ad-be47
 ,are we :o "w by grace & m]it !  rew>d 
! same we t prior to reg5]ation s9n$ &  
7 "u wra?8 ,is x we :o by ! aid ( grace 
m]it !  rew>d1 or is x ! grace 9 u8 ,if 
! grace itself1 h[ c x  be said t we are

 rew>d$8 ,if ! rew>d is giv5 n to u  :o 
s9n$1 b to ! new p]son or new nature    
into :i* grace  is said to *ange u1 h[ c
 x be said t we ei!r  m]it or are       
rew>d$8  #eag  ,man has 8 specific      
nature1 & if y de/roy or *ange t        
specific nature1 y annihilate him z man1
 in/ead ( aid+ 8  return to ,god z 8    
f9al cause4 ,! !ologians treat grace n  
z a new nature or a new faculty be/[$ on
 nature1 b z a  habitus1 or habit1 an   
infus$ habit inde$1 n an  acquir$ habit1
 b none ! less a habit on t acc\nt1 :i* 
*anges n1 trans=ms n nature1 b gives x1 
z d all  habits1 a p[] or facility ( do+
 :at )\t x w\ld exce$  its /r5g?4 ,!    
subject ( ! habit is ! human s\l1 &  t  
:i* acts by1 "u1 or ) ! habit is also ! 
human  s\l1 n ! habit4 ,! s\l1 z be=e   
receiv+ x1 is !  actor1 b x acts ) an   
increas$ /r5g?1 & does :at  be=e x c\ld 
n2 yet its nature is simply /r5g!n$1 n  
*ang$4 ,! g5]al idea ( habit mu/ be     
pres]v$  ?r\gh\t4 ,! p]sonality is n 9 !
 habit1 b 9 !  rational nature ( him    

into :om ! habit is infus$ by ! ,holy   
,gho/4 ,9 our ,"l !re are ! two natures2
 b 9 him !  div9e p]sonality assumes !  
human nature1 & is always !  subject    
act+1 :e!r act+ 9 ! human nature or 9 ! 
div9e4 ,9 ! reg5]at$ !re are also !     
human & !  div9e2 b ! human1 if ,i may s
 speak1 assumes ! div9e1 &  reta9s f    
fir/ to la/ its own p]sonality1 z is    
impli$ 9  ! return to ,god )\t          
absorption 9 him or loss ( p]sonal      
individuality1 & 9 ! fact t1 ?\gh )\t   
grace1 we  _c concur ) grace1 yet by !  
aid ( grace we c & mu/  concur ) x !    
mom5t we come to ! use ( reason1 or x is
  n effectual4 ,! sacram5ts are1 inde$1 
efficaci\s ex  op]e op]ato1 n by ! fai? 
or virtue ( ! recipi5t1  b only 9 case !
 w1 z 9 infants1 opposes no ob/acle to  
! grace !y signify4 ,yet ev5 9 infants !
 concurr5ce (  ! w is requir$ :5 !y come
 to ! use ( reason1 & !  refusal to     
elicit ! act loses ! habit infus$ by    
baptism4 ,!  baptiz$ infant mu/ concur )
 grace z soon z capable ( a  rational   

act4    ,! het]odox :o are exclusive    
sup]naturali/s1 because we  _c )\t grace
 concur ) grace1 d5y t ! concurr5ce  is 
ne$$1 & ass]t t grace is irresi/ible &  
ov]comes  all resi/ance1 &1 z gratia    
victrix1 subjects ! w4  ,h5ce !y hold t1
 9 fai?1 reg5]ation1 ju/ification1      
sanctification1 nature does no?+1 & all 
t is done is done  by sov]eign grace ev5
 9 spite ( nature2 b ! fact on :i*  !y  
rely is n suffici5t to su/a9 _! !ory4 ,!
  s*oolm51 = ! conv5i5ce ( tea*+1 divide
 & subdivide  grace till we are 9 dang] 
( los+ sight ( its ess5tial  unity4 ,!y 
tell u ( prev5i5t grace1 or ! grace t   
goes  be=e & excites ! w ( assi/+ grace1
 ! grace t  aids ! w :5 excit$ to elect 
to concur ) grace2 &  efficaci\s grace1 
! grace t r5d]s ! act ( concurr5ce      
effectual4 ,b ^! ?ree graces are really 
"o & ! same  grace1 & ! gratia          
praev5i5s1 :5 n resi/$1  becomes        
imm$iately gratia adjuvans1 & aids ! w  
to  concur ) grace1 &1 if concurr$ )1 x 
becomes1 ipso  facto & imm$iately1      

gratia efficax4 ,x ne$s no  grace to    
resi/ grace1 & none1 x w\ld seem to     
foll[ f !  fre$om ( ! w1 n to resi/ x4  
,fre$om ( !  w1 accord+ to ! decision ( 
! *ur* 9 ! case ( !  gratia victrix ( ! 
,jans5i/s1 implies ! p[] to  w !        
contr>y1 &1 if free to resi/ x1 :y n    
free n to  resi/8  #eah  ,!re is1 x     
seems to u1 a real di/9ction betwe5 n   
will+  to resi/ & will+ to concur4 ,no?+
 9 nature compels or  =ces ! w to resi/1
 = its natural op]ation is to !  good1 z
 t ( ! intellect is to ! true4 ,! grace 
excites  x to action1 &1 if x d n w to  
resi/1 ! grace is  pres5t to assi/ x to 
elect to comply4 ,if ?is be t5able1 &   
we see n :y x is n1 bo? ! aid ( grace & 
! fre$om  & activity ( ! w are ass]t$1  
are sav$1 are h>moniz$1  & ! s\l is     
elevat$ into ! ord] ( reg5]ation )\t    
any d]ogation ei!r f nature or f grace1 
or lesion to  ei!r4    ,we are well aw>e
 ( ! old "q debat$ 9 ,ca?olic  s*ools1  
:e!r grace is to be reg>d$ z auxilium   
quod  or z auxilium quo2 b x is n       

necess>y ei!r to  inquire :at 0 !       
precise s5se ( ! "q debat$1 or to  ent] 
into any discussion ( its m]its1 = bo?  
s*ools held  ! ,ca?olic fai?1 :i* ass]ts
 ! fre$om ( ! w1 &  bo? held t grace is 
auxilium1 & !re=e an aid  giv5 to       
nature1 n its de/ruction1 nor its *ange 
into  some?+ else4 ,! ^w auxilium1 or   
aid1 says ( itself  all t we are cont5d+
 =4 ,/4 ,paul says1 inde$1 :5           
reluctantly comp>+ 8 labors ) ^? ( ! o!r
  apo/les1 t he _h labor$ m abundantly  
?an !y all1 b  adds1 ,yet n ,i1 b !     
grace ( ,god ) me4 ,b he  recognizes    
himself1 = he says1 grace ) me2 & 8     
s5se is easily expla9$ by :at he says 9 
a passage already  quot$1 namely1 ,"w   
out y\r own salvation2 = x is ,god t    
worke? 9 y to w & to d1 or to accompli%1
 & also by  :at he says 9 ! text itself1
 7#a ,cor4 xv4 #a17 ,by ! grace (  ,god1
 ,i am :at ,i am2 :i* has prim>y ref]5ce
 to 8 call+  to be an apo/le4 ,god by 8 
grace works 9 u to w & to d1  & we c w  
or d no?+ 9 relation to our f9al end1 z 

has be5 expla9$1 )\t 8 grace2 b1        
nev]!less1 x is  we :o w & d4 ,h5ce ,/4 
,paul c\ld say to ,/4  ,timo?y1 ,i h    
f\ght a good fight1 ,i h f9i%$ my c\rse1
  ,i h kept ! fai?4 ,= ! re/1 !re is    
laid up = me a  cr[n ( ju/ice1 :i* !    
,"l1 ! j ,judge1 w r5d] to  me at t day3
 & n to me only1 b to !m also :o love 8 
com+4 7#b ,tim4 iv4 #g1 #h47 ,"h ,/4    
,paul speaks ( himself z  ! actor & z ! 
recipi5t ( ! cr[n4 ,/4 ,augu/9e says  t 
,god1 9 cr[n+ ! sa9ts1 cr[ns 8 own      
gifts1 b  evid5tly means t he cr[ns !m =
 :at !y h become by  8 gifts2 &1 z x is 
only by virtue ( 8 gifts t !y  h become 
wor?y ( cr[ns1 _! glory r$\nds prim>ily 
to  him1 & only 9 a subord9ate s5se to  
!mselves4 ,!re is1 9  exclusive         
sup]naturali/s & exagg]at$ ascetics1 an 
unsuspect$ pan!ism1 no less sophi/ical &
 unca?olic ?an  ! pan!ism ( our         
pseudo-ontologi/s4 ,! *>act]i/ic m>k  ( 
pan!ism is n simply ! d5ial ( creation1 
b ! d5ial  ( ! creation ( sub/ances     
capable ( act+ z second causes4  ,9 !   

ord] ( reg5]ation z 9 ! ord] ( g5]ation 
we are  n inde$ prim>y1 b are really    
second>y causes2 & !  d5ial ( ?is fact1 
& ! ass]tion ( ,god z ! direct &        
imm$iate actor f fir/ to la/1 is pure   
pan!ism4 ,?is is z  true 9 ! ord] (     
reg5]ation z 9 ! ord] ( g5]ation1  ?\gh 
9 ! ord] ( grace x is ?\ght to be a pro(
 (  piety1 :51 9 fact1 x d5ies ! v      
subject t c be  pi\s4 ,c\nt de ,mai/re  
some:]e says1 ,! wor/ error aga9/  grace
 is t ( ass]t+ too mu* grace4  #eai  ,we
 mu/ exi/1 & exi/ z second causes1 to be
 ! recipi5ts  ( grace1 or to be able ev5
 ) grace to be pi\s t[>d ,god1  or !    
subject ( any o!r virtue4 ,9 !          
reg5]ation we  d by ! aid ( grace1 b we 
are1 nev]!less1 !  do]s1 :5ce x foll[s t
 reg5]ation no m ?an  g5]ation is :olly 
sup]natural4 ,reg5]ation supposes       
g5]ation1 takes x up to itself &        
completes x1 o!rwise !  fir/ ,adam w\ld 
h no relation to ! second ,adam1 & man  
w\ld f9d no place 9 ! ord] ( reg5]ation1
 :i* w\ld be  ! m surpris+ s9ce ! ord]  

itself orig9ates 9 !  ,inc>nation1 9 !  
,god-,man1 :o is its ,alpha & ,omega1   
its  beg9n+ & end4    ,_m p are1 p]haps1
 misl$ on ?is subject by ! habit (      
re/rict+ ! ^w natural exclusively to !  
procession  ( exi/5ces f ,god & :at     
p]ta9s to ! initial ord] (  creation1 & 
! ^w sup]natural to ! return (  exi/5ces
 to ,god z _! la/ end1 & ! means by :i* 
!y  return or atta9 t end & complete !  
cycle ( exi/5ce or  ! creative act4 ,!  
procession is initial1 ! return is      
teleological4 ,! initial is call$       
natural1 because x is  develop$ & c>ri$ 
on by natural g5]ation2 ! teleological  
is call$ sup]natural1 because x is      
develop$ & c>ri$ on by  grace1 & !      
election by grace takes ! place (       
h]$it>y  desc5t4 ,?is is well en\gh1    
except :5 we h to deal )  p]sons :o     
insi/ on sep>at+--n simply di/+ui%+1 b  
sep>at+1 ! natural & ! sup]natural1 & on
 d5y+  ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,b1 9        
reality1 :at we ord9>ily  call ! natural
 is n :olly natural1 nor :at we call !  

sup]natural is :olly sup]natural4       
,/rictly speak+1 !  sup]natural is ,god 
himself & :at he does ) no o!r m$ium    
?an 8 own et]nal ,^w1 t is1 )\t any     
creat$ m$ium1  or ag5cy ( second causes2
 ! natural is t :i* is creat$  & :at    
,god does ?r\gh ! m$ium ( second causes 
or creat$  ag5cies1 call$ by physici/s  
natural laws4 ,?us1 creation is a       
sup]natural fact1 because effect$       
imm$iately by ,god himself2  g5]ation is
 a natural fact1 because effect$ by ,god
 m$iately  by natural laws or second    
causes2 ! hypo/atic union1 or !         
assumption ( fle% by ! ,^w1 :i*         
completes ! creative act  9 ! initial   
ord] & in/itutes ! teleological or f9al 
ord]1 is sup]natural2 all ! op]ations ( 
grace are  sup]natural1 ?\gh op]ations 9
 & ) nature2 !  sacram5ts are           
sup]natural1 = !y are effective ex op]e 
op]ato1 & ! natural p>ts are only signs 
( ! grace1  n its natural m$ium4 ,! wat]
 us$ 9 baptism is n a  natural m$ium ( !
 grace ( reg5]ation2 x is made by !     

div9e w ! sign1 ?\gh an appropriate     
sign1 ( x2 !  grace itself is           
communicat$ by ! direct action ( ! ,holy
  ,gho/1 :i* is sup]natural4            
,reg5]ation1 z well z its  complem5t1   
glorification1 is sup]natural1 = x _c be
  naturally develop$ f g5]ation1 &      
reg5]ation does n  necess>ily c>ry ) x  
glorification2 = x does n (  itself1 z  
,/4 ,augu/9e tea*es1 insure ! grace (   
p]sev]ance1 s9ce grace is omn9o gratis1 
& only he  t p]sev]es to ! end w be     
glorifi$4 ,h5ce1 ev5 9 !  teleological  
ord]1 ! natural1 t is1 ! human1 reason &
  w h _! %>e1 & )\t _! activity ! end   
w\ld  n & c\ld n be ga9$4  #ebj         
,revelation dem&s ! active reception (  
reason1 or else x  might z well be made 
to an ox or a horse z to a man2 & !  w t
 p]sev]es to ! end is ! human w1 ?\gh ! 
human w be reg5]at$ by grace4 ,:]ev] y  
see ! action  ( ! creature z second     
cause y see ! natural1 & :]ev]  y see ! 
direct action ( ,god1 :e!r z su/a9+ !   
creature or imm$iately produc+ ! effect1

 y see !  sup]natural4    ,! fact t ,god
 works 9 u to w & to d1 or t we c  d    
no?+ 9 ! ord] ( reg5]ation )\t grace    
mov+ &  assi/+ u1 no m d5ies ! pres5ce &
 activity ( nature  ?an does ! analog\s 
fact t we c d no?+ ev5 9 !  ord] (      
g5]ation )\t ! sup]natural pres5ce &    
concurr5ce ( ! ,creator4 ,we are z apt  
to =get t ,god has  any h& 9 ! action ( 
nature z we are to d5y t :]e ,god  acts 
nature c ev] cop]ate2 we are apt to     
conclude t !  action ( ! "o excludes t (
 ! o!r1 & to run ei!r  into ,pelagianism
 on ! "o h&1 or into ,calv9ism or       
,jans5ism  on ! o!r2 & we f9d a         
difficulty 9 h>moniz+ 9 our  m9ds !     
div9e sov]eignty ( ,god & human lib]ty4 
,we _c1  on ?is occasion1 ent] fully    
into ! "q ( _!  conciliation4 ,ca?olic  
fai? requires u to ass]t bo?1 :e!r  we c
 or _c see h[ !y c coexi/4 ,we ?9k1     
h[ev]1  t we c see a di/9ction betwe5 ! 
div9e gov]nm5t ( a  free active subject 
& ( an inanimate & passive subject4 ,god
  gov]ns ea* subject accord+ to ! nature

 he has giv5 x2  &1 if he has giv5 man a
 free nature1 8 gov]nm5t1 al?\gh        
absolute1 mu/ leave human fre$om intact1
 & to man !  capacity ( ex]cis+ 8 own   
free activity1 )\t runn+  a?w>t ! div9e 
sov]eignty4 ,h[ ?is c be done1 we d n   
und]take to say4    ,b be ?is z x may1  
!re is no act ev5 9 ! natural ord]  t is
 or c be p]=m$ )\t ! assi/ance ( !      
sup]natural2 = we are absolutely dep5d5t
 on ! creative act  ( ,god 9 ev]y?+1 9  
^? v acts 9 :i* we act mo/  freely4 ,!  
grace ( ,god is z necess>y z ! grace (  
,*ri/4  ,god has n creat$ a univ]se1 &  
made x1 :5 once creat$1  capable ( go+  
alone z a self-mov+ ma*9e4 ,he creates  
sub/ances1 inde$1 capable ( act+ z      
second causes2 b ^!  sub/ances c d no?+1
 are no?+ z sep>at$ f !  creative act ( 
,god t produces !m1 upholds !m1 is      
pres5t  9 !m1 & active 9 all _! acts1   
ev5 9 ! mo/ free  det]m9ations ( ! w4   
,)\t ?is div9e pres5ce1 always  an      
effici5t pres5ce1 & ?is div9e activity 9
 all creat$  activities1 !re is & c be  

no natural activity or action1  any m   
?an1 9 relation to our la/ end1 !re c be
 !  fir/ motion t[>d grace )\t grace4 ,!
 pr9ciple ( action  9 bo? ord]s is      
/rictly analog\s1 & our act+ ) grace  or
 by ! assi/ance ( grace 9 ! ord] (      
reg5]ation is z  natural z is our act+  
by ! div9e pres5ce & concurr5ce  9 !    
ord] ( g5]ation4 ,! human activity 9    
ei!r ord] is  equally natural1 & 9 nei!r
 is x possible or explicable  )\t !     
con/ant pres5ce & activity ( !          
sup]natural4  ,! two ord]s1 ! initial & 
! teleological1 !n1 are n  antagoni/ical
 to ea* o!r1 are n bas$ on two mutually 
de/ructive pr9ciples1 b are really two  
di/9ct p>ts1 z we  s (t5 say1 ( "o      
dialectic :ole4    #eba    ,! ,holy     
,scriptures1 s9ce ,god is causa em95s1 !
 cause  ( causes1 ! fir/ cause op]ative 
9 all second causes1 speak  ( ,god z do+
 ?is or t1 )\t always tak+ special note 
( ! fact t1 ?\gh he really does x1 he   
does x ?r\gh  ! ag5cy ( second causes or
 ! activity ( creatures4 ,?is is        

frequ5tly ! case 9 ! ,scriptures ( !    
,old ,te/am5t1 &  sometimes1 ?\gh less  
frequ5tly1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh  nev]
 9 ei!r )\t some?+ to indicate :e!r x is
 !  direct & imm$iate or ! indirect &   
m$iate action ( ,god  t is meant4 ,pay+ 
no att5tion to ?is1 _m ov]look !        
di/9ction altoge!r1 & fall into a sort (
 pan!i/ic  fatalism1 & practically d5y !
 fre$om & activity ( second  causes1 z  
is ! case ) ,calv9 :5 he decl>es ,god to
 be !  au?or ( s91 :i* on 8 own         
pr9ciples is absurd1 = he  makes ! w (  
,god ! crit]ion ( "r1 & !re=e  :atev]   
,god does mu/ be "r1 & no?+ t is "r c be
  s94 ,on ! o!r h&1 m51 fix+ _! att5tion
 on ! ag5cy  ( second causes1 ov]look ! 
con/ant pres5ce & activity (  ! fir/    
cause1 treat second causes z indep5d5t  
causes1 or z  if !y 7 !mselves fir/     
cause1 & fall into pure  naturalism1 :i*
 is only ano!r "n = a!ism4 ,! univ]se   
is n a clock or a wat*1 b ev5 a clock or
 a wat* g5]ates  n its own motive p[]2 !
 mak] 9 ei!r has only s  con/ruct$ x z  

to utilize = 8 purpose a motive p[] t   
exi/s & op]ates indep5d5tly bo? ( him & 
( 8  me*anism4    ,m5 speak ( nature z  
sup]naturaliz$ 9 reg5]ation1 &  h5ce    
assume t grace trans=ms nature2 b 9 ?is 
!re mu/  be "s misund]/&+ or            
exagg]ation4 ,9 reg5]ation we are  born 
into ! ord] ( ! end1 or />t$1 s to      
speak1 on our  return to ,god z our f9al
 cause4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is new  bir?1 :i*
 is grace1 & ! end1 :i* is ,god1 are    
sup]natural2 b our nature is n *ang$    
except z to its  motives & ! assi/ance x
 receives1 ?\gh x receives 9  baptism an
 indelible m>k n easy to expla94 ,?is   
foll[s f  ! ,inc>nation4 ,9 !           
,inc>nation our nature is rais$ to be  !
 nature ( ,god1 & yet rema9s human      
nature1 z is evid5t  f ! condemnation by
 ! *ur* ( ! monophysites & !            
mono!lites4 ,ca?olic fai? requires u to 
hold t ! two  natures1 ! human & !      
div9e1 rema9 = ev] di/9ct 9  ! "o div9e 
p]son ( ! ,^w4 ,"s prelates ?\ght to    
save  _! or?odoxy by ma9ta9+ t1 aft] 8  

resurrection1 !  two natures ( our ,"l  
became fus$ or trans=m$ into "o  !&ric  
nature2 b !y did n succe$1 & 7 condemn$ 
& depos$4 ,! mono!lites ass]t$ t !re 0 9
 ,*ri/  two natures inde$1 b only "o w1 
or t 8 human w 0  absorb$ 9 ! div9e4 ,b 
!y also 7 condemn$ z h]etics4  ,our ,"l1
 address+ ! ,fa!r1 says1 ,n my w1 b ?9e 
be  done1 ?us pla9ly imply+ a human w   
di/9ct f1 ?\gh  n contr>y to1 ! div9e w4
 ,c we suppose t ! grace  ( reg5]ation  
or ev5 ( glorification works a great]   
*ange  ( nature 9 u ?an ! grace ( union 
work$ 9 our nature z  assum$ by ! ,^w8  
,if human nature & human w rema9 9      
,*ri/ aft] ! hypo/atic union1 s t to    
reg>d him aft]  8 resurrection z hav+ b 
"o w or "o !&ric nature  is a h]esy1 h[ 
c we hold )\t h]esy t grace1 :i*  fl[s f
 t union1 ei!r de/roys our nature or    
trans=ms  x into a !&ric or             
sup]naturaliz$ nature8    #ebb    ,let u
 und]/&1 !n1 t grace nei!r annihilates  
nor  sup]s$es or trans=ms our nature4 ,x
 is our nature t is  r$eem$ or deliv]$ f

 ! bondage ( s91 our nature t is        
translat$ f ! k+dom ( d>k into ! k+dom (
 light1  our nature t is reborn1 t is   
ju/ifi$1 t by ! help (  grace p]sev]es  
to ! end1 t is rew>d$1 t is glorifi$1  &
 ent]s into ! glory ( our ,"l4 ,x !n    
p]si/s 9  reg5]ation & glorification z  
"o & ! same human nature1  ) its human  
reason1 its human w1 its human          
p]sonality1 its  human activity1 only   
assi/$ by grace to act f a sup]natural  
pr9ciple to or = a sup]natural end4 ,!  
assi/ance is  sup]natural1 & s is ! end2
 b t :i* receives !  assi/ance1 pr(its  
by x1 & atta9s ! end1 is human nature1  
! man t 0 born ( ,adam z well z reborn (
 ,*ri/1 !  second ,adam4    ,we h dwelt 
long1 p]haps to t$i\sness1 ^u ?is po9t1 
because we h wi%$ to efface entirely !  
fatal impression  t nature & grace are  
mutually antagoni/ic1 & to make x  appe>
 t ! two ord]s1 commonly call$ ! natural
 & !  sup]natural1 are bo? mutually     
consi/5t p>ts ( "o :ole2  t grace simply
 completes nature2 & t ,*ri/ianity is no

  anomaly1 no aft]-?\ght1 or succ$aneum1
 9 ! orig9al design  ( creation4    ,!  
het]odox1 ) _! doctr9e ( total          
depravity1 & !  ess5tial corruption or  
evil ( nature1 & _! doctr9e1  gr[+ out (
 ?is assum$ depravity or corruption1 (  
irresi/ible grace1 & ! inactivity or    
passivity ( man 9  fai? & ju/ification1 
obscure ?is great fact1 & make m5  reg>d
 nature z a failure1 & t to save "s ,god
 _h to  supplant & create a new nature 9
 its place4 ,a m immoral  doctr9e1 or "o
 m fatal to all human activity1 is n    
conceivable1 if x c\ld be really &      
s]i\sly believ$ &  act$ on prior to     
reg5]ation1 :i* is impossible4 ,!       
het]odox are bett] ?an _! sy/em4 ,!     
sy/em tea*es t  all our works be=e      
reg5]ation are s9s2 ev5 our pray]s are  
unacceptable1 "s say1 an abom9ation to !
 ,"l1 &  consequ5tly1 !re is no use 9   
/riv+ to be virtu\s4 ,aft]  reg5]ation  
!re is no ne$ ( our activity1 = grace is
  inamissible1 & if really born aga91 s9
 z mu* z we w1  our salvation is sure1 =

 ! s9s ( ! reg5]at$ are n  reput$ to !m 
or c\nt$ z s9s4 ,!re is no tell+ h[ _m  
s\ls ?is exclusive & exagg]at$          
sup]naturalism 7:i* we  owe to ! re=m]s 
( ! sixte5? c5tury7 has de/roy$1 or  h[ 
_m p]sons x has det]r$ f return+ to !   
,ca?olic  ,*ur* by ! common impression1 
t1 s9ce %e ass]ts orig9al  s9 & !       
necessity ( grace1 %e holds & tea*es !  
same  frightful sy/em4 ,m5 :o are able  
to ?9k1 & accu/om$ to  sob] reflection1 
f9d !mselves unable to embrace          
,calv9ism1  &1 conf\nd+ ,calv9ism )     
,*ri/ianity1 reject ,*ri/ianity  itself1
 & fall into a meagre rationalism1 a    
nak$ naturalism1  or1 wor/ ( all1 an    
unreason+ indiff]5tism2 yet !re is no   
great] mi/ake ?an to suppose t ! *ur*   
holds x or has  ! slighte/ sympa?y ) x4 
,we h wi%$ to m>k cle>ly  ! diff]5ce    
betwe5 x & h] tea*+4 ,*ri/ian           
asceticism1  :5 rightly und]/ood1 is n  
bas$ on ! assumption t  nature is evil1 
& ne$s to be de/roy$1 repress$1 or      
*ang$4  ,x is bas$ on two great ideas1  

lib]ty & sacrifice4  #ebc  ,x is direct$
 n to ! de/ruction ( ! fle% or ! body1  
= 9 ! cre$ we pr(ess to believe 9 !     
resurrection (  ! fle%4 ,our ,"l assum$ 
fle% 9 ! womb ( ! ,virg92 he  _h a real 
body1 asc5d$ into heav5 ) x1 & 9 x      
sitte?  at ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r ,almighty4 
,he fe$s & n\ri%es  u ) x 9 ,holy       
,communion2 & x is by eat+ 8 fle% &     
dr9k+ 8 blood t our spiritual life is   
su/a9$ &  /r5g!n$4 ,our own bodies %all 
rise aga91 &1 spiritualiz$  aft] ! mann]
 ( ,*ri/'s glori\s body1 %all1 reunit$  
to  ! s\l1 live = ev]4 ,we %[ t ?is is  
our belief by !  honor we pay to !      
relics ( ! sa9ts4 ,?is sacr$ fle%1  ^!  
sacr$ bones1 :i* we *]i% ) s mu* t5d]   
piety1  %all live aga91 & re5t] !       
glorifi$ body ( ! sa9t4  ,matt] is n    
evil1 z ! ,platoni/s tea*1 & z ! false  
asceticism ( ! hea!n assumes1 & ) :i*   
,*ri/ian  asceticism has no aff9ity1    
?\gh _m :o ought to "k bett]  pret5d to 
! contr>y4 ,! ,*ri/ian ascetic aims1    
inde$1 at a  moral victory ov] ! fle%1  

labors by ! help ( grace to  lib]ate !  
s\l f its bondage1 to ga9 ! comm& (     
himself1 to be at all times free to     
ma9ta9 ! tru?1 & to  keep ! comm&m5ts ( 
,god2 to br+ 8 body into subjection  to 
! s\l1 to r$uce ! appetites & passions  
"u !  control ( 8 reason & w1 b nev] to 
de/roy !m or 9  any mann] to injure 8   
mat]ial body4 ,f> less does he seek to  
abnegate1 de/roy1 or repress ei!r w or  
reason1 9 ord] to  give grace fre] &    
full] scope2 he only labors to purify & 
/r5g!n bo? by grace4 ,nature is less    
abnormal1 pur]1  /rong]1 m active1 m    
en]getic 9 ! true ascetic ?an 9  ^? :o  
take no pa9s to tra9 & purify x "u !    
influ5ce ( div9e grace4    ,! pr9ciple (
 all sacrifice is love4 ,x 0 because    
,god s  lov$ m5 t he gave 8 only-begott5
 ,son to die = !m t  !y might n p]i%1 b 
h ev]la/+ life4 ,x 0 love  t di$ on !   
cross = our r$emption4 ,no?+ is h>d or  
difficult to love1 & !re is no?+ love w 
n d or  sacrifice = ! object lov$4 ,!   
sa9t c nev] make = 8  ,"l a sacrifice   

great en\gh to satisfy 8 love1 & gives  
up  = him ! mo/ preci\s ?+s he has1 n   
because !y are  evil or x w\ld be s9 9  
him to reta9 !m2 n because 8  ,"l ne$s  
!m1 b because !y are ! mo/ co/ly        
sacrifice  he c make1 & he 9 mak+ !     
sacrifice c give "s pro(  ( 8 love4 ,!  
*ief basis ( mona/ic life is sacrifice4 
,!  mod]n notion t mona/ic in/itutions 7
 design$ to be a  sort ( hospital =     
infirm s\ls is ess5tially false4 ,z a   
rule1 a virtue t _c su/a9 itself 9 ! _w 
w  h>dly acquire firmness & /r5g? 9 a   
mona/]y4 ,! fir/  monks did n retire f !
 _w because x 0 unfit to  live 9 x1 b   
because ! _w re/ra9$ _! lib]ty1 &       
because x af=d$ !m no adequate field = !
 h]oic  sacrifices to :i* !y aspir$4 ,_!
 au/]ities1 :i* we s  little robu/ z    
,*ri/ians1 accu/om$ to pamp] our bodies1
 &  to d5y ourselves no?+1 reg>d z      
sublime folly1 if n ) a  %udd] ( horror1
 7 h]oic sacrifices to ! ,sp\se ( !     
s\l1 = :om !y wi%$ to give up ev]y?+ b  
_! love4  ,!y rejoic$ 9 affliction = 8  

sake1 & !y wi%$ to  %>e1 z we h already 
said1 ) him 9 ! passion & cross  :i* he 
endur$ = our sake1 s z to be z l him z  
possible4  #ebd  ,!re are sa9ts to-day 9
 mona/]ies1 & out ( mona/]ies 9  ! _w1  
liv+ 9 our mid/1 :om we "k n or little  
he$1  :o und]/& ! mean+ ( ?is ^w        
sacrifice1 &  make z great & z pure     
sacrifices1 ?\gh p]haps 9 o!r  =ms1 & z 
?or\ghly =ego _! own pleasure1 & z      
*e]fully give up :at co/s !m ! mo/ to   
give up1 z did  ! old ,fa!rs ( ! ,des]t4
 ,b1 if we "k !m n1 ,god  kn[s !m &     
loves !m4    ,yet we pret5d n to d5y t  
_m w5t into mona/]ies f  o!r motives1 f 
weakness1 disappo9t$ affection1 disgu/ (
  ! _w1 & "s to hide _! %ame1 & to      
expiate by a life  ( p5ance _! s9s2 b1  
if ! mona/]y (t5 %elt]$ su*  z ^!1 x 0 n
 = su* t x 0 orig9ally design$4 ,9      
process ( "t1 mona/ic in/itutions1 :5 !y
 became ri*1  7 abus$1 z (t5 ! prie/hood
 itself1 & treat$ by !  nobles z a      
provision = y\ng] sons or portionless   
daught]s4  ,we may at times detect 9    

ascetics an exagg]ation ( !  sup]natural
 elem5t & an und]rat+ if n a neglect ( !
  natural1 we may f9d1 *iefly 9 mod]n   
times1 a t5d5cy among/  ! pi\s & dev\t  
to ov]look ! fact t manl9ess1           
robu/ness1 & en]gy ( m9d & "* ent] z an 
important elem5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian life2 b ! 
t5d5cy 9 ?is  direction is n ca?olic1   
?\gh obs]v$ to "s ext5t among           
,ca?olics4 ,x orig9ates 9 ! same causes 
t orig9at$ !  ,calv9i/ic or ,jans5i/ic  
h]esy1 & has be5 /r5g!n$ by  ! exagg]at$
 ass]tion ( ! human & natural elem5ts   
caus$ by ! reaction ( ! human m9d aga9/ 
an exclusive &  exagg]at$               
sup]naturalism4 ,! rationalism &        
humanit>ianism  ( ! la/ c5tury & !      
pres5t are only ! reaction (  human     
nature aga9/ ! exagg]at$ sup]naturalism 
( !  ,re=m]s & _! desc5dants1 !         
,jans5i/s1 :o labor$ to  demoli% nature 
to make way = grace1 & to annihilate man
 9  ord] to ass]t ,god4 ,ea* has an     
elem5t ( tru?1 b1 nei!r  hav+ ! :ole    
tru?1 ea* makes w> on ! o!r1 &          

alt]nately ga9s a victory & und]goes a  
defeat4 ,unhappily1  nei!r w li/5 to !  
*ur* :o accepts ! tru? &  rejects !     
exclusiv5ess ( ea*1 & h>monizes &       
completes  ! tru? ( bo? 9 ! unity &     
ca?olicity ( ! fai? once  deliv]$ to !  
sa9ts4 ,! ,ca?olic fai? is ! reconcil] (
  all opposites4 ,^! alt]nate victories 
& defeats g on 9 !  _w outside ( ! *ur*2
 b x w\ld be /range if !y did  n h "s   
e*o among ,ca?olics1 liv+1 z !y d1 9 !  
mid/ ( ! combatants1 & 9 con/ant lit]>y 
&  intellectual int]c\rse ) !m4 ,!y     
create "s practical  difficulties =     
,ca?olics :i* are n always prop]ly      
appreciat$4 ,we _c ass]t ! natural1     
rational1 & !  human elem5t ( ! *ur* )\t
 help+1 m or less1 !  exclusive         
rationali/s or naturali/s :o d5y !      
sup]natural2  & we c h>dly oppose !m ) !
 necess>y vigor &  det]m9ation )\t seem+
 at lea/ to favor _! oppon5ts1  !       
exclusive sup]naturali/s1 :o reject     
reason & d5y !  natural4 ,x is ?is fact 
v likely t has kept ,ca?olics =  ! mo/  

"p dur+ ! la/ c5tury & ! pres5t on !    
def5sive2 & z1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 !        
anti-sup]naturali/s  h be5 ! mo/        
=midable enemy ( ! *ur*1 x is no  wond] 
if ! mass ( dev\t ,ca?olics h %[n "s    
t5d5cy  to exagg]ate ! sup]natural1 &   
be5 %y ( ass]t+ z  fully z fai? w>rants 
! importance ( ! rational & !  natural1 
or if !y h paid less att5tion to !      
cultivation  ( ! human side ( religion  
?an is desirable4    #ebe    ,"s        
all[ance mu/ be made = ! new position 9 
:i*  ,ca?olics = a c5tury or m h be5    
plac$1 & x w\ld be  v wrong to c5sure !m
 ) sev]ity1 ev5 if we f\nd !m  fail+ to 
%[ !mselves all at once equal to ! new  
duties  impos$ ^u !m4 ,! break+ up ( old
 gov]nm5ts &  in/itutions1 f\nd$ by     
,ca?olic ance/ors1 ! political1  social1
 & indu/rial revolutions t h be5 & /ill 
are  go+ on1 mu/ h1 to "s ext5t1        
displac$ ! ,ca?olic m9d1  & requir$ x1 s
 to speak1 to ease itself1 or to take a 
new  & difficult obs]vation1 & det]m9e  
its future c\rse4  ,ca?olics to-day /&  

betwe5 ! old1 :i* 0 !irs1 &  :i* is     
pass+ away1 & ! new1 :i* is ris+1 & :i* 
is  n yet !irs4 ,!y mu/ ne$s be p>tially
 p>alyz$1 & at a  mom5t>y loss to "k :at
 c\rse to take4 ,naturally  cons]vative1
 z all m5 are :o h some?+ to lose or on 
:i* to rely1 _! sympa?ies are ) ! pa/1  
!y h n  be5 able z yet to accept ! new  
/ate ( ?+s1 & conv]t  regrets into      
hopes4 ,a c]ta9 hesitation m>ks _!      
conduct1 z  if 9 d\bt :e!r to /& out    
aga9/ ! new at all haz>ds1  &1 if ne$   
be1 fall m>tyrs to a lo/ cause1 or to   
accept x  & d ! be/ !y c ) x4 ,9 ?is    
c\ntry1 :]e  ,ca?olicity is n associat$ 
) any sort ( political  in/itutions1 &  
,ca?olics h no old civilization to reta9
 or  any new ord] to resi/1 we1 unless  
educat$ abroad1 are h>dly  able to      
appreciate ! d\bts1 hesitations1 &      
disc\ragem5ts  ( ,ca?olics 9 ! old _w1 &
 to make ! prop] all[ances  if at times 
!y seem to atta* z ,ca?olics undue      
importance to  ! political & social     
*anges go+ on ar\nd !m1 to be too       

despond5t1 & m dispos$ to cry out aga9/ 
! wick$ness  ( ! age1 to fold _! h&s1 & 
wait = ,provid5ce to  re>range all ?+s =
 !m )\t _! cop]ation1 ?an to  look !    
*anges ev5ts h produc$ full 9 ! face1 & 
to  ex]t !mselves1 ) ! help ( grace1 to 
br+ ord] out (  ! new *aos1 z _! brave  
old ance/ors did out ( ! *aos  t foll[$ 
! irruption ( ! nor!rn b>b>ians1 & !    
break+ up ( ! ,graeco-,roman            
civilization4 ,x is no light  ?+ to see 
! social & political _w 9 :i* we h      
liv$1 & ) :i* we h be5 accu/om$ to      
associate !  int]e/s ( religion &       
society fall+ 9 ru9s "u our v  eyes1 &  
we mu/ be p>don$ if = a mom5t we feel t 
all is  gone or go+4    ,b ,ca?olic     
en]gy c nev] be long p>alyz$1 & already 
!  ,ca?olics ( ,europe are ar\s+        
!mselves f _! apa?y1  recov]+ _! c\rage1
 & beg9n+ to feel aw>e t !  *ur* dep5ds 
on no?+ tempor>y1 is id5tifi$ ) no      
political or social organization1 & c   
survive all !  mutations ( ! _w ar\nd   
h]4 ,lead+ ,ca?olics 9 ,europe1  in/ead 

( wa/+ _! /r5g? 9 va9 regrets = a pa/ t 
is gone1 or 9 va9] ef=ts to re/ore :at c
 no long] be  re/or$1 are beg9n+ to     
adju/ !mselves to ! pres5t1 &  to labor 
to comm& ! future4 ,!y are leav+ ! dead 
to bury  _! dead1 & prep>+ to foll[ _!  
,"l 9 ! new "w to  be done = ! new &    
turbul5t times 9 :i* _! lot is  ca/4    
,all ^! ?+s are aga9/ me1 said ! patri>*
  ,jacob1 & yet !y prov$ to be all = him
 & 8 family4 ,:o  kn[s b ! unt[>d ev5ts 
( ! la/ c5tury & ! pres5t  w turn out = 
! int]e/s ( religion1 & t ano!r  ,joseph
 may be able to say to _! au?ors1 ,ye   
meant x =  evil1 b ,god meant x = good8 
#ebf    ,9 all great political & social 
revolutions !re mu/ always  be a mom5t  
:5 m5 may reasonably d\bt :e!r duty     
calls !m  to labor to reta9 :at is pass+
 away1 or :e!r !y %all  suff] x to be   
buri$ ) honor1 & betake !mselves )  fai?
 & hope & c\rage to :at has supplant$ x4
 ,t mom5t  has pass$ 9 ! ,old ,_w1 &    
no?+ rema9s b to make !  be/ ( ! pres5t1
 & to labor to recon/ruct ! future 9  ! 

be/ way possible4 ,happily = u1 ! *ur*1 
?\gh %e may  lose prov9ce aft] prov9ce1 
nation aft] nation1 & be driv5  to take 
refuge 9 ! catacombs _c be brok5 up1 or 
h]  div9e /r5g? & en]gy impair$4 ,:ile  
%e rema9s1 we h  ,god ) u1 & our case c 
nev] be desp]ate4 ,! *ur* has  se5 d>k] 
days ?an any %e n[ exp]i5ces2           
civilization has  be5 mu* ne>] its ru9  
?an x is n[ 9 ,europe1 & ,ca?olics  h n[
 all ! means to surm\nt pres5t          
difficulties1 :i*  suffic$ !m once to   
conqu] ! _w4 ,!re is no s5se 9          
despond5cy4 ,_c ! millions ( ,ca?olics d
 to-day :at  twelve fi%]m5 ( ,galilee   
did8 ,is ! successor ( ,pet] to-day  m  
helpless ?an 0 ,pet] himself1 :5 he     
ent]$ ,rome )  8 /aff to prea* 9 ! pr\d 
capitol ( hea!ndom !  crucifi$ ,r$eem]8 
,! same ,god t 0 ) ,pet]1 & gave        
efficacy to 8 prea*+1 is ) 8 successor2 
& we :o live  to-day h1 if we seek x1   
all ! div9e support1 & m ?an  all !     
human means1 t ^? ,ca?olics _h :o subdu$
 !  b>b>ians & laid ! f\ndation (       

,*ri/ian ,europe4 ,:at !y  did we may d1
 if1 ) confid5ce 9 ,god1 we set e>ne/ly 
ab\t  do+ x4 ,! _w is n s bad n[ z x 0 9
 ! fir/  c5tury or 9 ! six? c5tury2 &   
!re is z /rong fai?1 z  ard5t piety1 9  
?is age1 z 9 any age t has gone be=e x4 
,nev] say1 ,we h fall5 on evil times4   
,all times are evil to  ! weak1 !       
c[>dly1 ! despond5t2 & all times are    
good to  ! /rong1 ! brave1 ! hopeful1 :o
 d>e use ! means ,god  puts into _! h&s1
 & are prep>$ to d fir/ ! duty t  lies  
ne>e/ !m4    ,we see _m movem5ts t      
indicate t our ,european bre?r5  are    
rega9+ _! c\rage1 &1 c\nt+ ! pa/1 s     
glori\s  = ,ca?olics1 z beyond recov]y1 
are endeavor+ to d :at  !y c 9 & = !    
pres5t1 quietly1 calmly1 )\t noise  or  
o/5tation2 & !y w n ne$ to labor long   
be=e !y  w see ! tru?s cru%$ to ! e>?   
rise aga91 & a new  ord]1 ,pho5ix-l1    
ris+ f ! a%es ( ! old1 m  respl5d5t 9   
beauty & wor?1 m 9 h>mony ) ! div9e  _s 
( ! *ur*1 & m favorable to ! fre$om &   
dignity ( man4 ,tru? dies nev]4 ,!      

et]nal ye>s ( ,god are  h]s4 ,!         
,omnipot5t reigns1 & ?us f> 9 ! hi/ory (
 !  *ur*1 :at seem$ h] defeat1 has prov$
 = h] a new & m  brilliant victory4 ,!  
*ur* nev] gr[s old1 & we c af=d  to be  
pati5t ?\gh e>ne/ 9 h] s]vice4 ,! _s (  
,god  nev] ceases to hov] ov] ! *aos1 & 
ord]1 ?\gh di/urb$  = a "t1 is sure1    
soon or late1 to reappe>4    #ebg    ,we
 feel t we h v inadequately discuss$ !  
great  "q ( nature & grace1 ! adequate  
discussion ( :i* is  f> beyond ! rea* ( 
su* feeble abilities & su* limit$       
!ological atta9m5ts z ours2 b we h aim$ 
to set =?  z cle>ly & z simply z we c\ld
 :at we h be5 taught by  our ,ca?olic   
ma/]s on ! relation ( ! natural to !    
sup]natural2 & if we h succe$$ 9 %[+ t  
!re is  no antagonism betwe5 nature &   
grace1 ! natural & !  sup]natural1 !    
div9e sov]eignty & human lib]ty1 & t  we
 c be at once pi\s & manly1 en]getic z  
m51 & humble  & dev\t z ,*ri/ians1 or if
 we h ?r[n out any  sugge/ions t w aid  
o!rs 9 %[+ x to !  intellig5ce ( our    

age1 & if we h be5 able to speak a ^w  (
 com=t & hope to our bre?r5 :o f9d      
!mselves 9 a  position 9 :i* x is       
difficult to det]m9e h[ to act1 our     
purpose w h be5 accompli%$1 & we %all h 
done no  great b "s slight s]vice to !  
cause to :i* we feel t  we are devot$   
he>t & s\l4 ,we h aim$ to avoid say+    
any?+ t c\ld w\nd ! susceptibilities (  
any ,ca?olic  s*ool ( !ology1 & to t\* z
 lightly z possible on  matt]s debat$   
among ,ca?olics4 ,we hope we h succe$$2 
=  ^! are times 9 :i* ,ca?olics ne$ to  
be unit$ 9 action z  well z 9 fai?4     
--------                ,mat94          
,i4      ,only :5 m\nt+ s+s ! l>k1      
,/ruggl+ to fields ( pur] air    ,sil5t 
h] music :5 %e turns      ,back to a _w 
( gloom & c>e6                   ,,ii4  
,only :5 m\nt+ s+s my he>t1             
,flutt]+ on tremul\s w+ to ,god6        
,fa9t] ! music z ,i fall--      ,mute1  
:5 ,i rea* ! l[] sod6                   
,,iii4      ,l>k1 9 my he>t ?is morn    
a/ir1      ,upw>d to ,god on eag] w+6   

,seek = "o pure1 cele/ial draught1      
,fre% f ?' et]nal ,music-,spr+6         
,ri*>d ,/orks ,willis4      ---------   
#ebh        ,a ,^w ab\t ! ,temporal ,p[]
 ( ! ,pope4      ,:5 our ,"l ,jesus     
,*ri/ 0 ^u ! e>?1 8 enemies 7  able to  
p]secute him & to excite a g5]al hatr$  
aga9/ him1  b nev] able to ignore him1  
to make him =gott51 or to  prev5t ! "q  
conc]n+ ,*ri/ f be+ !  turn+-po9t ( !   
religi\s & political de/9y ( !  ,jewi%  
p4 ,! ef=ts !y made to ext+ui% ?is "q   
only s]v$ to ext5d x all ov] ! _w1 &    
make x !  turn+-po9t ( ! religi\s &     
political de/9ies ( all  mank9d4    ,x  
is ! same ) ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/4 ,! w>f>e   
:i* is  wag$ aga9/ him nev] removes him 
out ( ! way ( 8  enemies1 or causes him 
to be ignor$ by ! _w2 b x  upheaves &   
convulses ! :ole _w1 political z well z 
religi\s4 ,j at pres5t x is unusually   
agitat$1 because =  "s "t pa/ a crisis  
has seem$ to be imp5d+4 ,we h a  ^w to  
say1 9 ! fir/ place1 on ! attitude ( _m 
p]sons1  pr(ess+ to be ,*ri/ians1 :o d n

 ackn[l$ge ! spiritual  au?ority ( !    
pope1 t[>d ! p>ty :o are attempt+ to    
wre/ f him by =ce 8 temporal au?ority z 
sov]eign (  ,rome4    ,t av[$ adh]5ts ( 
infidel socialism %\ld disreg>d !       
pr9ciples ( "r & ju/ice does n surprise 
u1 = !y  h d5i$ ! basis ( all "r &      
ju/ice4 ,t a portion (  ! secul> press1 
notori\s ?r\gh\t ! _w = an utt]  want ( 
pr9ciple1 %\ld enc\rage e revolution :i*
 has  any prospect ( success1 is        
precisely :at we might expect f  x1     
judg+ by ! c\rse x has always pursu$1 & 
! base  maxims x unblu%+ly av[s4 ,!     
mock]ies & insults ( ?is  class ( writ]s
 are only e*oes f ! infidel press (     
,europe1 & w\ld be despis$ by e ,am]ican
 :o believes 9  ! ,*ri/ian religion & 9 
dec5cy1 7 !y n direct$  aga9/ ! pope4   
,s]i\s argum5t ^u ! "r ( ! matt]  might 
z well be address$ to a gorilla z to "o 
( ^!  writ]s4    ,! case is diff]5t1    
h[ev]1 ) ^? :o pr(ess s\nd  ,*ri/ian1   
moral1 & political pr9ciples4 ,su*      
p]sons are  grossly inconsi/5t )        

!mselves :5 !y favor & su/a9  ! p>ty (  
,g>ibaldi :o h s\ght to seize ^u !      
,roman  t]ritory by an arm$ raid1 or t  
p>ty 9 ,italy & ,europe :o  advocate !  
=cible annexation ( ?is t]ritory to !   
,italian  k+dom by its gov]nm5t1 ) ! aid
 or cons5t ( ! o!r  nations4 ,!y may say
 t ! papacy is a h9drance to pure       
religion & civilization4 ,s be x4 ,b h[ 
is x to be put  d[n8 ,by argum5t1 by    
moral means1 9 a j mann]1 or by  viol5ce
 & inju/ice8 ,h n ! ,ca?olics ( ! _w a  
"r to su/a9 ! papal jurisdiction z a "p 
( _!  religion8 ,prote/ants1 no d\bt1   
desire to see x aboli%$1 &  rejoice 9 e 
prospect :i* pres5ts itself t ! temporal
  k+dom ( ! ,pope may be wre/$ f him1   
because !y ?9k  t ! loss ( 8 spiritual  
supremacy w foll[4 ,b1 h  !y any "r1 on 
?is acc\nt1 to favor unju/ & unlawful   
attempts to wre/ f him 8 temporal       
sov]eignty8 ,is x lawful  to d evil t   
good may come8 ,does ! end ju/ify !     
means8    #ebi    ,!y may say1 t x w\ld 
be bett] = ! ,roman p to  h ano!r       

gov]nm5t1 & t !y h a "r1 if !y  please1 
to e/abli% ano!r4 ,we d n believe !y h  
any  m "r to d ?is1 ?an ! p ( ! ,di/rict
 (  ,columbia h1 to %ake (f ! gov]nm5t (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  & e/abli% ano!r4 ,b we
 w n argue ?is po9t1 = x  is unnecess>y4
 ,! ,roman p h rec5tly %[n t !y  pref]  
to rema9 z !y are4 ,! "q is1 z to ! "r (
  dispossess+ ! pope ( 8 k+dom by a =ce 
f )\t4  ,:at "r has ! ,italian k+dom to 
! ,roman t]ritory8 ,does  ! pret5ce t ! 
glory & advantage ( ,italy require x to 
h ,rome z a political capital ju/ify its
 =cible annexation8  ,!n int]e/ & might 
alone make "r1 we mu/ bid f>ewell to  ! 
hope t ju/ice & law w ev] rule 9 ! _w1 &
 be  cont5t t ! old1 b>b>\s reign (     
viol5ce1 w>1 &  conque/ %\ld cont9ue =  
ev]4    ,b :at are we to say ( a w>1 n  
levi$ by "o k+ &  p aga9/ ano!r1 b wag$ 
by a b& ( m>aud]s invad+  a nation f    
ano!r nation ) :i* x is at peace1 & :i* 
is b\nd by solemn treaty to repress all 
su* invasions8  ,engli%m5 & ,am]icans   
are l\d en\gh 9 condemn+  rebellions1   

insurrections1 violations ( ! laws &    
rights (  nations1 :]e _! own c\ntries  
are ! aggriev$ p>ties4  ,:at gross &    
%ameful inconsi/5cy1 !n1 is x1 = !m to  
applaud an attack l t ( ! b&it ,g>ibaldi
 & 8 horde  ( robb]s ^u ! ,roman k+dom4 
,sympa?y & enc\ragem5t  giv5 to ,mazz9i1
 ,g>ibaldi1 & _! associates1 is sympa?y 
& enc\ragem5t to a p>ty ( a!i/s &       
sociali/s :o are  aim+ at ! complete    
extirpation ( all religion & all        
e/abli%$ political & social ord] f ! _w4
  ,prote/ants little "k to :at ru9 !y   
are expos+ !mselves  9 abett+ su* a     
p>ty4 ,_! trea*]\s allies are mak+ use  
( !m z m]e dupes & tools 9 _! w> ^u !   
outw>d  bulw>ks ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 kn[+
 well t1 if !y h  once c>ri$ ^!1 !      
slight b>ri]s ( ,prote/antism w  (f] b a
 feeble & mom5t>y resi/ance4 ,! fri5ds (
  political & social ord] little ?9k :at
 a m9e !y are  help+ to run "u _! own   
feet1 9 abett+ socialism4  ,engl& is    
beg9n+ already to reap ! bitt] fruit ( !
  se$s ( s$ition & revolution %e has be5

 busily s[+ 9  ! soil ( ,europe4 ,!re is
 no kn[+ :]e ! j  retribution ( h]      
unpr9cipl$ agitation w /op4 ,we h j  z  
mu* cause to dread ! irruption (        
infidelity & socialism  9 our own       
c\ntry4 ,& if x does come1 ^? :o boa/ s 
mu*  ( _! weal?1 _! prosp]ity1 _!       
sup]ior culture &  enlight5m5t1 &       
attribute ?is mat]ial glory to _!       
emancipation f ,ca?olic ideas1 w be !   
fir/ victims (  ! volcano t w bur/ "u _!
 feet4 ,we tru/ no su*  cata/rophe w    
come1 ei!r 9 ,europe or ,am]ica4 ,b if x
 is  av]t$1 x w be because ! pope w /& 8
 gr\nd2 &  ! ev5t w prove t he has be5 !
 savi\r n only (  religion b also (     
civilization4    ,!re are also "s       
consid]ations :i* m]it ! att5tion (     
,ca?olics1 :o d ackn[l$ge ! ,pope to be 
! ,vic> ( ,*ri/1  & give him _!         
allegiance z ! ,*ief ,rul] & ,tea*] (  !
 ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4    #ecj    ,! 
cause ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ev]y:]e1 & ( e 
individual ,ca?olic z a memb] ( ! ,*ur*1
 is b\nd up )  ! cause ( ! pope1 & is   

id5tical ) x4 ,he is ! head  ( ! entire 
body1 n m]ely z hav+ prec$5ce ( dignity 
& honor ov] o!r bi%ops1 or a m]ely      
nom9al primacy1 b z  ! bi%op ( ! entire 
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 laity1 cl]gy &  bi%ops  
includ$4 ,he is ! real head ( ! body1 ! 
s\rce (  jurisdiction1 ! pr9ciple (     
unity1 ca?olicity1 & apo/olic           
succession1 ! pr9cipal organ ( !        
intellig5ce & vital  =ce ( ! ,*ur*1 (   
its infallibility 9 doctr9e &           
immortality 9 exi/5ce4 ,e bl[ ^u ! head 
affects  s5sibly e memb]4 ,e memb] is   
b\nd to ex]t itself to  w>d (f all bl[s 
aim$ at ! head1 = ! pres]vation ( its   
own life4 ,a mortal bl[ on ! head w     
cause ! dea? ( !  :ole body1 & a /unn+  
or s]i\sly injuri\s bl[ on !  head w    
p>alyze its en]gies4 ,all p>ticul>      
*ur*es1 all  portions ( ,*ri/5dom1 & all
 individual ,*ri/ians1 receive  _! life 
f communion ) ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,pet]1 !    
pr9cipal ,see1 & ! ,"m & ,mi/ress ( !   
,*ur*es4  ,:]e ,pet] is1 !re is ! ,*ur*4
 ,! flock f$ by !  successors ( ,/4     

,pet]1 ! supreme pa/or1 is ! only true  
flock ( ,*ri/4 ,fe$ my lambs1 fe$ my    
%eep1 0 said to ,/4  ,pet] alone1 &     
:oev] is n f$ by him1 liv+ 9 8          
successors 9 ! holy ,roman ,*ur*1 ) !   
s\nd1 ,ca?olic  doctr9e2 :oev] is n     
guid$ & gov]n$ by 8 pa/oral  /aff1 is no
 lamb ( ! flock ( ,*ri/1 b an ali5 & a  
lo/  %eep4 ,! mo/ illu/ri\s & num]\s    
*ur*es1 ! mo/  cultivat$ nations1 are   
smitt5 ) spiritual disease1 decay1  &   
dea?1 :5 !y are sev]$ f ! unity ( ! ,see
 ( ,/4  ,pet]4 ,! s*ismatical *ur*es ( !
 ,ea/1 once ! faire/  portion ( !       
h]itage ( ! ,"l1 are a witness to ?is   
tru?4  ,s are ! c\ntless sects ) _!     
ev]-v>y+1  ev]-multiply+ h]esies &      
divisions1 9 ! ,we/4 ,we may ev5  see 9 
c]ta9 p>ts ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* itself1   
:at ru9\s  consequ5ces foll[ f imp$im5ts
 plac$ by ! civil p[] 9  ! way ( ! full 
ex]cise ( ! papal supremacy ov] !       
bi%ops1 cl]gy1 & fai?ful4 ,bi%ops lose  
_! indep5d5ce  & au?ority1 prie/s _!    
sac]dotal dignity & influ5ce1  & ! p _! 

,*ri/ian piety1 z soon z !y revolt f  _!
 ob$i5ce to ! pope2 & all ^! are weak5$ 
9  proportion z 8 p[] to ex]cise 8      
pat]nal solicitude &  gov]nm5t ov] !m is
 enfeebl$4    ,full1 he>ty1 & loyal     
allegiance to ! pope is !re=e an        
ess5tial "p ( ,*ri/ian duty4 ,x is !    
duty & ! int]e/  ( all ,ca?olic         
,*ri/ians1 bi%ops1 prie/s1 & laym51 to  
/& by ! pope1 z ! ,vic> ( our ,"l ,jesus
 ,*ri/ &  ,god's ,viceg]5t ^u e>?2 & to 
make common cause ) him1  z kn[+ t we   
mu/ /& or fall toge!r4 ,!re are special 
reasons :y ,am]ican ,ca?olics %\ld      
appreciate ?is high  obligation4 ,!     
,am]ican ,ca?olic ,*ur* is to a great   
ext5t an  (f%oot f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* (   
,irel&4 ,x 0 ! pope :o  s5t ,/4 ,patrick
 into ,irel& to conv]t t c\ntry f       
hea!nism to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,iri% p h   
always be5  =emo/ among all o!r         
,ca?olics 9 filial rev]5ce1 devotion1  &
 ob$i5ce to ! ,see ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,:5 all 
b "o man 9  ! ,engli% hi]>*y basely     
des]t$ _! allegiance to !  pope 9       

submission to ! w ( a tyrant1 only "o   
,iri% bi%op  ( insignificant "* imitat$ 
_! example1 & ev5 he  rep5t$ be=e 8     
dea?4  #eca  ,x 0 = _! loyalty to ! pope
 t ! ,iri% p 7  r$uc$ to fe$ on nettles1
 bo? lit]ally &  figuratively4 ,!       
glori\s ar*bi%op ,o',hurley1 tortur$ on 
,/eph5's ,gre5 & hang$1 ! intrepid monks
 hurl$ into !  sea f ! heights (        
,bantry1 ! slaught]$ victims (  ,drogh$a
 & ,wex=d1 & ! re/ ( ! noble army (     
,iri%  m>tyrs & confessors1 suff]$ & di$
 = ?is doctr9e (  ! ,ca?olic fai?1 t !  
,pope is ! ,vic> ( ,jesus ,*ri/  & !    
supreme head ( ! ,*ur* ^u e>?4 ,! :ole  
,iri%  nation has suff]$ m>tyrdom = ?ree
 c5turies1 = its  unsw]v+ fidelity to ! 
,see ( ,pet]4 ,x w\ld be unwor?y (  u1  
:o h receiv$ ! sacr$ plant ( fai? wat]$ 
by !  blood & pres]v$ by ! h]oism ( ?is 
fai?ful nation1 &  n[ enjoy full lib]ty 
to p>take ( its fruits & to propagate  x
 f> & wide1 9 peace1 to deg5]ate f !    
s5tim5ts (  su* noble ance/ors4         
,moreov]1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica has

 ev] be5 "u !  mo/ imm$iate & special   
c>e ( ! ,holy ,see1 ev] ob$i5t  & loyal1
 & !re=e1 ev] unit$ & prosp]\s4 ,n[h]e 9
  ! _w d ! bi%ops & prie/s receive a    
great] degree (  respect & ob$i5ce f _! 
p1 or a m abundant fruit  f _! labors 9 
prea*+ ! ^w & adm9i/]+ !  sacram5ts (   
,*ri/4 ,no h]esy or s*ism1 no viol5t    
disputes1  no ext5sive ali5ation ( !    
fai?ful f _! pa/ors1 none  ( ^? int]nal 
disord]s :i* are f> m dang]\s ?an any   
outw>d opposition1 h z yet aris5 to     
tr\ble our peace4 ,!  *ief reason ( ?is 
is f\nd 9 ! p]fect & unbrok5 union  (   
our hi]>*y & p ) ! apo/olic ,see ( ,/4  
,pet]4  ,7 x n = ?is1 z !re is no       
co]cive =ce ( ! /ate  to en=ce a        
compulsory ext]ior unity l t ( !        
,russian  ,*ur*1 & no patri>*al         
jurisdiction ( "o bi%op ov] all  ! o!rs1
 ! decrees ( national or prov9cial      
synods w\ld  h no b9d+ efficacy1 ! union
 ( bi%ops ) ea* o!r  w\ld be brok51 !   
au?ority ( ! bi%ops w\ld be defi$ by  ! 
cl]gy1 ( ! cl]gy by ! p1 & ! same       

dis9tegration t5d+ to f9al dissolution  
w\ld take place  among u :i* we see 9 ! 
surr\nd+ sects4 ,! same result  w\ld    
inevitably take place ?r\gh\t ! _w1 if !
  supremacy ( ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet] 7 
ov]?r[n4 ,/ate  policy1 & ! p[] ( k+s & 
p>liam5ts1 are brok5 re$s  to lean ^u4  
,7 ! *ur* left to dep5d ^u ^!1 !y  w\ld 
soon )draw _! support1 &1 b]eft ( a     
pr9ciple (  int]nal life & unity1       
,*ri/ianity w\ld resolve itself  ev]y:]e
 into du/ & air1 nev] aga9 to be reviv$ 
on e>?4    ,pet]1 liv+ 9 ! unbrok5 l9e (
 8 successors1 is ! rock  & f\ndation ^u
 :i* ! *ur*1 t is1 ,*ri/ianity  itself1 
is built2 & because ! gates ( hell %all 
nev]  prevail aga9/ ?is rock1 to ov]?r[ 
x1 !re=e  ,*ri/ianity %all endure to !  
end ( ! _w4    ,! full & unimp$$ ex]cise
 ( ! spiritual supremacy ( !  pope ov] !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w be+   
necess>y to its well-be+1 ! p]fect      
indep5d5ce ( ?is  supremacy f all       
political p[] is also necess>y z !      
condition ( its free ex]cise4 ,!        

exp]i5ce bo? ( ! pa/  & ! pres5t proves 
t ! political p[] is always  dispos$ to 
tyrannize ov] ! *ur* & deprive x ( its  
div9e "r to lib]ty4  #ecb  ,! only *eck 
to ?is dom9ation ( k+s ov] bi%ops1 & !  
only lev] by :i* ! episcopate may be    
rais$ out ( ?is  dep5d5ce on ! civil    
p[]1 is ! indep5d5t p[] ( !  ,holy ,see4
 ,! pope mu/ confirm ! nom9ations to    
bi%oprics1  & ! decrees ( local c\ncils1
 o!rwise !y are null &  void4 ,7 x n =  
?is pr]ogative1 :i* ,napoleon ! ,fir/   
viol5tly b unsuccessfully attempt$ to   
wre/ f ,pius ,,vii41  ! k+ w\ld be !    
real head ( ea* national *ur* 9 ne>ly  e
 ,ca?olic /ate4 ,if "o ( ^! national    
*ur*es _h  )9 its b\nds ! pr9cipal &    
supreme see ( ! :ole  ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! 
sov]eign ( t nation1 ?r\gh 8 p[]  ov] ! 
nom9ation to t see & its adm9i/ration1  
w\ld  h p[] to ex]cise dom9ion ov] !    
,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,if !  ar*bi%op ( ,p>is 
or ( ,vi5na _h ! supremacy1 ! emp]or  ( 
,france or ( ,au/ria w\ld be ! virtual  
head ( ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*1 z ! ,engli%   

sov]eign & ! ,russian sov]eign are  !   
real heads ( ! ,engli% & ,russian       
*ur*es1  not)/&+ ! nom9al primacy ( !   
ar*bi%ops (  ,cant]bury & ( ,mosc[4 ,j  
s1 if ! pope became ! subject  ( a k+   
rul+ ov] 8 episcopal city ( ,rome4 ,he  
c\ld n  ex]cise 8 spiritual supremacy1  
except 9 dep5d5ce on !  w ( ! sov]eign4 
,he c\ld n call an oecum5ical c\ncil1   
s5d a legate1 receive an ambassador1    
issue an encyclical1  promulgate a      
decree1 receive or s5d out ! docum5ts   
necess>y  = ! gov]nm5t ( ! univ]sal     
*ur*1 or possess !  necess>y means = !  
transaction ( indisp5sable bus9ess1  )\t
 ! p]mission ( ! political au?ority4 ,9 
"t (  w>1 8 communication ) ! bellig]5ts
 w\ld be completely  cut (f4 ,!         
nom9ation to ! sov]eign pontificate w\ld
 ei!r  really1 or at lea/ 9 ! op9ion (  
o!r nations1 always be  controll$ by    
political influ5ce1 & s also w\ld be !  
confirmations or direct appo9tm5ts to   
episcopal sees ?r\gh\t  ! _w4 ,laws 9   
reg>d to m>riage or o!r matt]s1 ov]  :i*

 ! sov]eign pontiff has direct          
jurisdiction1 might be  pass$1 :i* he   
w\ld be oblig$ to condemn1 & yet be     
unable  to d s1 or at lea/ )\t p]petual 
conflicts ) ! civil  p[]4 ,he w\ld be   
cont9ually subject to ! treatm5t :i* !  
,ar*bi%op ( ,cologne receiv$ f ! ,k+ (  
,prussia1 & !  bi%ops ( ,italy f ,victor
 ,emmanuel1 confiscation1  imprisonm5t1 
or exile4 ,! ex]cise ( 8 supremacy w\ld 
!re=e become impossible4 ,=1 x c\ld only
 be ex]cis$ 9  dep5d5ce on ! w ( a mon>*
 or a cab9et1 & nei!r  k+s1 bi%ops1 or p
 w\ld ev] submit to su* a supremacy4    
,h[ w\ld ,am]ican ,ca?olics l to h ,k+  
,victor ,emmanuel  & ,ratazzi or        
,ricasoli dictat+ ! affairs ( ! *ur* 9  
?is c\ntry8 ,our hi]>*y "h is1 ?ank     
,god6 free f !  dictation ( ! /ate1 & ! 
head ( our hi]>*y mu/ also  be a free & 
indep5d5t pope4    ,x is folly to imag9e
 ano!r & purely ideal /ate ( ?+s1  9 :i*
 ! pope might h p]fect indep5d5ce )\t   
sov]eignty4 ,!re is no likelihood t su* 
a /ate ( ?+s  w become actual1 & !re    

w\ld be no security = its  p]man5ce did 
x ev] beg9 to exi/4 ,div9e ,provid5ce   
has  giv5 ! vic> ( ,*ri/ a temporal     
sov]eignty z ! security  ( 8 indep5d5ce 
& ! bulw>k ( ! lib]ty ( !  univ]sal     
*ur*4 ,! pope has solemnly decl>$ t x is
 !  necess>y & ! b\nd5 duty ( all !     
memb]s ( ! *ur*1  :e!r k+s1 prelates1 or
 p1 to ma9ta9 t sov]eignty  at all      
haz>ds4  #ecc  ,to ?r[ ! :ole burd5 (   
su/a9+ ! ,holy ,see & !  au?ority ( !   
successor ( ,/4 ,pet] ^u ,div9e         
,provid5ce1  is bo? presumptu\s &       
c[>dly4 ,*ri/ has promis$ t 8  *ur* %all
 la/ to ! end ( ! _w1 & he w fulfil  ?is
 promise1 if necess>y1 by miracul\s     
int]v5tion4 ,b he  has n promis$ t      
p>ticul> nations %all n lose !  fai?1 or
 t fai?lessness & c[>dice %all n br+    
aft]  !m _! natural disa/r\s            
consequ5ces4 ,! glory1  prosp]ity1 &    
ext5sion ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* dep5d on !  
ef=ts ( ! free human w2 & ! provid5ce or
 grace (  ,god w n aid u1 except 9      
proportion to our fidelity &  g5]osity 9

 ma9ta9+ 8 cause & our own4 ,our        
confid5ce  t ! holy ,roman ,*ur* _c be  
ov]?r[n re/s on ! sure  f\ndation ( t   
div9e ^w1 n "o iota ( :i* c fail1  ev5  
?\gh heav5 & e>? may pass away4 ,?\ art 
,pet]1 &  ^u ?is rock ,i w build my     
*ur*1 & ! gates ( hell  %all nev]       
prevail aga9/ x4 ,?is is no w>rant = our
  ab&on+ ! gr\nd to ! enemies ( ! *ur*1 
tru/+ t  ,god w ?w>t _! designs by      
miracul\s int]v5tion4 ,b x  is an       
enc\ragem5t to loyalty1 fidelity1 &     
unalt]able hope 9  ! ultimate triumph ( 
! holy cause4 ,x is our duty to d all  9
 our p[] to secure ?is triumph by our   
own ef=ts1 &  hav+ done ?is1 we may !n  
leave ! result 9 ! h&s (  ,div9e        
,provid5ce4 ,we c nev] =esee1 ) c]ta9ty1
 ?r\gh  :at /raits ,div9e ,provid5ce w  
p]mit ! *ur* to pass1 or  h[ f> x w all[
 ! designs ( h] enemies to proce$  t[>d 
an app>5t ultimate success4 ,nev]!less1 
!re does n  appe> at pres5t s mu* reason
 to appreh5d d>k & disa/r\s  days = !   
*ur* & religion1 z !re did dur+ ! epo*  

prec$+ ! pres5t "o4 ,ev5 dur+ ! reign ( 
! pres5t  sev]ely tri$ b indomitable    
*ief pa/or ( ! *ur*1 !re  h be5 p]iods  
f> m critical & ?reat5+ ?an !  pres5t4  
,inde$1 we may say t ^? ,ca?olics :o are
  despond+ & disc\rag$ n[1 d]ive _!     
reason =  =ebod+ evil m f _! own        
timidity & impati5ce ?an  f any real    
ext]nal motives4 ,! ,holy ,see is 9     
p]petual  conflict aga9/ p[]ful enemies1
 no d\bt1 & ! ,holy ,fa!r  sometimes    
?reat5$ ) a prospect ( exile f ,rome4   
,yet1  not)/&+ ?is1 ! m>* ( ev5ts       
cont9ually br+s  ne>] ! reconciliation &
 pacification ( ,*ri/5dom1 ^u  ! basis (
 a univ]sal recognition ( ! indep5d5ce &
  inviolability ( ! sacr$ doma9 ( !     
,roman ,*ur*1 :i* ,god  has set ap>t z !
 seat ( ! successor ( ,/4 ,pet]4 ,9     
tru?1 !re has (t5 be5 9 ! pa/ a great]  
ne$ (  absolute reliance on ! pr$ictions
 ( ! div9e ^w z !  only firm gr\nd (    
hope1 ?an at pres5t4 ,we are n call$ ^u 
= ! same h]oic ex]cise ( fai? & hope :i*
 0 exact$  f our ance/ors4 ,we c look   

back ^u ! dang]s & trials  ?r\gh :i* !y 
pass$1 & f9d 9 _! result a reproa*  =   
our own pusillanimity1 & a support = our
 confid5ce 9  ! pres5t & future triumph 
( ! *ur*4 ,we are 9 an  inv9cible       
=tress1 on an immovable rock2 & yet we d
 n  appreciate ! /r5g? ( our position z 
cle>ly z ^? d  :o are toss+ ab\t on !   
turbul5t sea ( ! surr\nd+  _w4 ,al?\gh  
humiliat+1 x is yet true1 t we c f9d no 
language s well adapt$ to /imulate      
fa9t-he>t$ ,ca?olics to  c\rage1 z t    
utt]$ "u an ov]aw+ compulsion by        
adv]s>ies or ali5s to ! *ur*4  #ecd  ,"o
 ( ! mo/ eloqu5t ( ^! reluctant         
tribut>ies1 c>ri$  away by a k9d (      
natural ec/asy1 9 contemplat+ ?is       
glori\s  !me1 l ano!r ,balaam bless+ !  
t5ts ( ,israel1 rises to  a k9d (       
sublimity f> above 8 usual flight1 &    
seems to  speak ) a ca?olic inspiration 
wor?y ( a ,bossuet4 ,he is  speak+ ( t  
d>k era :5 ,pius ,,vii4 asc5d$ ! *air ( 
,/4 ,pet]1 & ^! are 8 words3      ,x is 
n /range t 9 ! ye> #agii ev5 sagaci\s   

obs]v]s %\ld h ?\ght t at l5g? ! h\r ( !
    ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 come3 an infidel p[]
 asc5dant1 ! pope    dy+ 9 captivity1 ! 
mo/ illu/ri\s prelates ( ,france    liv+
 9 a =eign c\ntry on ,prote/ant alms1 ! 
noble/    edifices :i* ! munific5ce (   
=m] ages _h consecrat$    to ! wor%ip ( 
,god turn$ into temples ( victory1 or   
into    banquet+ h\ses = political      
societies1 or into    ,!ophilan?ropic   
*apels2 su* signs might well be suppos$ 
to    indicate ! approa*+ end ( t long  
dom9ation4 ,b !    end 0 n yet2 aga9    
doom$ to dea?1 ! milk:ite h9d 0    /ill 
fat$ n to die4 ,ev5 be=e ! fun]al rites 
_h be5    p]=m$ ov] ! a%es ( ,pius      
,,vi41 a great reaction _h    comm5c$1  
:i*1 aft] ! lapse ( m ?an =ty ye>s1     
appe>s to be /ill u progress4 ,an>*y _h 
_h its day2 a new    ord] ( ?+s rose out
 ( ! confusion1 new dyna/ies1 new       
laws1 new titles1 & amid/ !m em]g$ !    
anci5t religion4    ,! ,arabs h a fable 
t ! great ,pyramid 0 built by           
ant$iluvian k+s1 & alone1 ( ! works (   

m51 bore !    weight ( ! flood4 ,su* z  
?is 0 ! fate ( ! papacy2    x _h be5    
buri$ "u ! great inundation1 b its deep 
f\ndations _h rema9$ un%ak51 &1 :5 !    
wat]s abat$1    x appe>$ alone amid !   
ru9s ( a _w :i* _h pass$    away4 ,!    
republic ( ,holl& 0 gone1 ! empire (    
,g]many1    & ! great c\ncil ( ,v5ice1 &
 ! ,helvetian ,league1 &    ! h\se (    
,b\rbon1 & ! p>liam5ts & ari/ocracy (   
,france4 ,europe 0 full ( "y creations2 
a ,fr5* empire1 a    k+dom ( ,italy1 a  
conf$]ation ( ! ,rh9e2 nor _h !    late 
ev5ts affect$ only t]ritorial limits &  
political    in/itutions2 ! disposition 
( prop]ty1 ! composition &    _s (      
society1 _h1 ?r\gh a great "p ( ,ca?olic
    ,europe1 und]gone a complete *ange2 
b ! un*angeable    *ur* 0 /ill !re4     
,! un*angeable *ur* 0 /ill !re1 :5 ,pius
 ,,vii4 0  re/or$ to 8 episcopal city1  
:]e 8 successors1 "o aft]  ! o!r1 asc5d$
 ! ?rone ( ,/4 ,pet]1 & :5 ,macaulay    
wrote ! words we h quot$4 ,x is /ill    
!re1 n[1 aft] all  ! commotions ( ! la/ 

tw5ty ye>s2 !re x w be until  ! day     
prefix$ by ! ,creator = ! end ( all     
human  in/itutions4 ,we may apply to x1 
9 a m elevat$ &  spiritual s5se1 ! words
 ( ! poet      ,:ile /&s ! ,coliseum1   
,rome %all /&2     ,:5 falls !          
,colisaeum1 ,rome %all fall2     ,& :5  
,rome falls1 ! _w4    --------    #ece  
,plagi>ism & ,john ,bunyan4      ,!re   
are n _m writ]s ( any popul>ity or      
em95ce :o h  n 9 _! day1 ei!r 9 _! own  
behalf or by ! s5sitive  proxy ( _!     
intimate fri5ds1 _h occasion =          
self-def5ce  aga9/ ! *>ge ( plagi>ism4  
,f "y au?ors especially1  "s little slur
 or o!r on ?is t5d] po9t is pretty sure1
 at  "s "t1 to evoke a ?9-sk9n$ answ]1  
replete ) a  peculi> mode/ def5sive     
f]ocity t critics "k by he>t1  & gr9 ov]
 ) a grim reli%4 ,?is is a ?+ ( c\rse--a
  well-m>k$ /age ( ! fev] ( au?or%ip4   
,only we notice t  mo/ ( ^? :o beg9 ) "y
 ,byron's philippics end )  old         
,wordswor?'s philosophy4 ,! fact is1    
spl5did s5sitiv5ess1  "h z ev]y:]e1 does

 n pay1 & beyond mo/ m5 ! au?or  f9ds x 
co/ him de>4 ,= ( all ill-mat*$ & absurd
  controv]sies1 !re is none l a wrangle 
ab\t plagi>ism4 ,x  is a duel ( javel9s 
& catapults1 ( fly & lion4 ,all !       
advantage is ) ! attack+ p>ty4 ,!       
accusation is vague  & sweep+ to ! la/  
degree1 & ! easie/ imag9able to  make4  
,x ne$ n ev5 be said2 x c be sne]$4 ,&  
h[ *eap  x is to be sophi/ical ab\t x6  
,a little +5uity to cook up a  factiti\s
 resemblance1 a little malice to po9t a 
bit ( irony  or innu5do1 & ! ?+ is done4
 ,to rebut su* crim9ation may  take days
 ( labor4 ,^! v days consum$1 too1 are s
 mu*  dead disadvantage2 ! :ole matt]   
gr[s /ale ! :ile4 ,!n  ! answ] mu/ n    
only conclusively meet ! *>ge1 bo? z to 
! animus fur&i & ! fact ( !ft1 b x mu/  
be  intr9sically int]e/+1 bo? to revive 
int]e/ en\gh 9 !  subject = ! read+     
public to g to ! tr\ble ( revis+  its   
op9ion1 & because e ^w an au?or writes  
is matt]  = fre% criticism1 :ile 8      
oppon5t may waive all pret5sions  to    

/yle4 ,practically we incl9e to ?9k x is
 mu* z 9  battle1 :]e x takes a man's   
weight 9 lead to kill him4 ,n[  & !n1 "s
 "o is demoli%$ utt]ly by "o ( ^!       
elaborate broadsides1 b ! numb] ( !m t  
miss ! m>k  mu/ be enorm\s4 ,x is only  
effects & successes t we all  rememb]4  
,! %ot t sunk ! ,alabama at a few hundr$
 y>ds1  made m impression 9 hi/ory ?an !
 doz5s ( idle %ell  t ! great ,sawy] gun
 us$ to s5d sp9n+ miles away ov]  !     
,ripraps4 ,"o g5]al net result is a va/ 
wa/e ( !  au?or's "t1 :i* is always     
valuable to him1 & sometimes to  !      
public4 ,& aft] all1 ) ! true/ aim & be/
  p[d]--:o is hit8 ,n9ety-n9e times out 
( a hundr$1 "s  nobody4 ,& ?is is tru] e
 day4 ,pope & ,byron c\ld at  lea/ s+le 
out _! ,d5nises & ,amos ,cottles by "n2 
b  n[adays1 :at ) pseudonyms & anonyms1 
& above all !  editorial pron\n1 "o     
fights ! v air4    ,?us we f9d au?ors ( 
/&+ /rangely meek "u audaci\s  /rictures
 ( ?is sort1 & v little giv5 to tilt+ at
 !  mosquitoes ( ! press4 ,?is is m ?an 

dignity2 x is s5se4  ,b 7& n[ we /rike !
 po9t we h be5 com+ at all ?is  :ile7 ! 
_w draws f ?is fact a v exagg]at$       
inf]5ce4  #ecf  ,x seems1 to rev]se !   
old law rule1 t "o /ory's good till     
ano!r is told4 ,! v fact ( an           
accusation's go+  unansw]$ seems to cru%
 x "u a vis in]tiae (  sil5ce4 ,?is is  
all worldly wise1 b n v infallible4 ,if 
a  man %\ts some?+ aga9/ me be=e my     
/reet-door1 & ,i let  him %\t away at 8 
own sweet w1 ,i am tol]ably sure1  :e!r 
x be tru? or calumny he is vocif]at+1 t 
8 w9d  mu/ give out aft] a :ile4 ,! _w1 
?\gh1 is apt in/ead (  li/5+ to him1 to 
/>e up at my w9d[1 & see if ,i m9d x4   
,if ,i make no sign1 he is a vitup]ator1
 & "s good citiz5  j m5tions him to !   
policeman r\nd ! corn]4 ,b all ?is  :ile
 may n he be bawl+ ! bless$ tru?1 & ,i  
sl9k+  beh9d ! %utt]s8 ,public op9ion   
says no4 ,if a man ( /&+  does n deign  
or see fit to come out aga9/ a *>ge1 x  
is a  fabrication or a fancy sket*4 ,n[1
 ! tru? is1 z hi/ory well  kn[s1 t !re  

is a va/ am\nt ( sy/ematic /eal+ 9 !  _w
 ( lett]s1 & t ^! same maje/ic g5tlem51 
:o are  above replies1 h done _! v fair 
%>e ( ! /eal+4  ,:at is ! effect1 !n1 ( 
?is false e/imate ( m5 &  ?+s8 ,?is3 t  
:5 a writ] has once atta9$ /ation1 )  a 
dec5t reg>d to ! conv5tionalities (     
lit]>y l>c5y1 he  c /eal all he *ooses )
 impunity4 ,all he has to d is to  alt] 
en\gh to keep him t runs f read+ !      
resemblance4  ,?is done1 !re rema9s ! "o
 risk t "s "o :o _c be  ignor$ may      
expose ! !ft4 ,b ?is risk is n1 by f>1 s
  great z x seems4 ,! man ( calibre     
en\gh = ! task is  g5]ally an amiable   
man1 & always a busy "o1 & has pl5ty  ( 
pleasant] ?+s to d ?an air+ 8 neighbor's
  peccadilloes4 ,besides1 x is an ev5   
*ance b he has "s  little appropriation 
( 8 own to cov] up1 & ?is  fell[-feel+  
makes u wondr\s k9d4 ,?us a v little    
judgm5t 9 ! selection ( ! au?or /ol5 f  
passes !  :ole fraud scot free4 ,& !re  
are good reasons :y !re  %\ld be a good 
deal ( ?is fraud4 ,fir/-class plagi>ism 

pays1 l ev]y?+ fir/-class4 ,x has a high
 m>ket  value1 ) l>ge & ungrudg+ pr(its4
 ,= ! read+ p[]  is omnivor\s1 & x feels
 t an old au?or made mod]n1 or a  =eign 
au?or made native1 is n z good z new b  
bett]4  ,pisi/ratus ,caxton is a va/    
improvem5t on ,tri/ram  ,%&y1 & ! ,com$y
 ( ,errors on !  ,m5ae*mi2 & ! primme/ (
 ! decri]s read ,bulw]  & ,%akespe>e1 & 
d n read ,plautus & ,/]ne4  ,b\cicault's
 plays draw 9 ,london1 & we nev] he> (  
,engli%  puri/s /ay+ away till !y c g to
 see ! orig9als at  ,p>is4 ,b x is idle 
to multiply in/ances4 ,! fact is too    
pat5t to ne$ illu/rat+1 t ! n9ete5?     
c5tury pref]s  ess5ces ( books to books1
 & ! juice ( lit]>y fruit to  ! fruit   
itself4 ,extracts1 & dige/s1 &          
compilations &  abridgm5ts1 & horti     
sicci ( all sorts are ! ord] (  ! day1 &
 ! old fogies1 :o prate ( meum &  tuum1 
& dream ( int]national copyright1 & read
 old  au?ors ?r\gh1 miranturque nihil   
nisi quod ,libit9a  sacravit1 f9d t ^!  
are all side issues4 ,! public  does n  

c>e a ru% :]e a man gets :at x wants4   
,?is may be  ! be/ law1 or x may n2 !   
law x c]ta9ly is4 ,let any "o  :o d\bts 
! popul>ity ( plagi>ism1 only take up t 
f9e1  furi\s1 g5]\s little book1 ,mr4   
,reade's ,eigh?  ,comm&m5t1 & see =     
himself :at is ! fa%ion & :at  is n4    
#ecg    ,b ! hone/ crusad] aga9/ lit]>y 
despoil]s &  desecrators1 soon f9ds t   
)\t ! limits ( d[nright  pillage lies a 
va/ debatable l&1 :i* has be5 ! ,fl&]s1 
! ,k5tucky1 ! ,quadrilat]al ( critic    
controv]sy f "t  immemorial--! t]ritory 
( m]e resemblance4 ,?is is f> m         
difficult gr\nd1 because ! critic's own 
fallible p]ceptions  ( lik5ess ent] z an
 elem5t ( possible error into 8         
judgm5t1 & ! dang] ( do+ inju/ice is    
great4 ,"h1 x is  true1 are f\nd !      
exp]te/ plagi>i/s ( all--! vampires (   
lit]ature--! ?ieves t /eal ! s\l & leave
 ! body4  ,b close beside !m /& ! true  
s*ol>s1 to ^: assiduity  books yield up 
an hone/ weal?1 & :o melt & m\ld _!     
well-worn treasure into solid +ots (    

gold5 ?\ght or  exquisite fretwork (    
glitt]+ fancies4 ,& m puzzl+ ?an  bo?1  
we h ! myriad legions ( fugitive        
resemblances--an  army ( gho/s1 pres5t  
to ! comp>+ consci\sness1 b  impalpable 
to ! analyz+ s5se4 ,obvi\sly x w n d to 
apply "h ! m>tial law ( lit]>y          
v9dication4 ,m5 are too  mu* alike to be
 damn$ = /rik+ ev5 /range co9cid5ces4   
,among ! be/ writ]s !re are s _m        
p>allelisms t a m9d  ) any turn = hunt+ 
phantoms ( simil>ity1 soon comes to  !  
say+ ( ,k+ ,solomon ab\t no?+ new "u !  
sun4 ,at  any rate1 if x ev] did exi/1 !
 era ( entire novelty is (  ! pa/ n[4   
,take out :at a ke51 well-read man c\ld 
trace to  ,%akespe>e1 ,byron1 ,macaulay1
 ,c>lyle1 ! ,bible1 ! ,greek  trag$ians1
 ! ,/&>d ,speak]s1 & ! ,decl>ation (    
,indep5d5ce1 & h[ mu* is !re left (     
to-day's ,engli% &  ,am]ican lit]ature8 
,yet among ! imitations1 if !re are _m  
wilful & culpable1 !re are _m m innoc5t 
& unwitt+4  ,true1 n e "o is born ) s   
develop$ an organ (  unconsci\sness z   

,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,w4 ,ball1 :o a/oni%$      
himself by  orig9at+ "s "o else's poem 9
 full4 ,b v few read ov]  _! famili>    
au?ors )\t f9d+ ! g]ms ( a ?\s&  ?\ghts 
!y _h nev] suspect$ n to be all _! own4 
,inde$1 = "s "t aft] beg9n+1 a "y au?or 
c\ld1 if  he %\ld *oose1 7:i* he        
doesn't17 pluck up 8 ideas l  "y blades 
( corn1 & f9d ! orig9al se$ ( "s pet    
au?or at ! root4    ,b critics h call$ !
 "n ( plagi>i/ f> too (t5 &  too        
lightly4 ,! *>ge is old en\gh1 heav5    
kn[s1 = p  to "k :at !y mean by x4      
,waiv+ ^? anci5t ,sanscrit  sages1 :o   
seem ) malice prep5se to h be5 born s   
long  ago t we c't m ?an half believe 9 
!m1 & be=e  !re 0 any intelligible      
language = !m to be wise 91 we  f9d t   
,job1 our olde/ mod]n writ]1 has be5    
read out ( !  rubric by a !ologue       
some:]e out ,we/1 :o has discov]$ 9  8  
/yle gross & s]vile plagi>isms f !      
,bible4 ,hom]  /ood tol]ably well till !
 ,g]man omnisci5ts f\nd out t1  l       
,artemus ,w>d's fri5d1 ,brigham ,"y's   

"m-9-law1 he 0  num]\s1 :5 x at once    
becomes pla91 f ! great  uni=mity (     
/yle1 t ea* "o ( him mu/ h be5 a  mo/   
accompli%$ plagi>i/ f ! rema9+          
fractional b>ds4  ,horace's spiteful &  
uncall$ = comm5t>ies on ,lucilius1      
besides ! outrage\s ill ta/e ( !m1 %[ t 
!re 0  "s %rewdness 9 ! bite ( ! cimex  
,pantilius1 !  ble>-ey$ ,crisp9us1 & o!r
 lit]>y g5tlem5--probably  good fell[s  
en\gh1 too--z ^? anci5t ,bohemians      
w5t--:o1  no d\bt1 h9t$ at little       
lik5esses betwe5 8 s]mo  m]us &         
,lucilius' sal nigrum4  #ech  ,m>tial's 
epigrams h crucifi$ a doz5 ?ieves into  
immortality4 ,& s ! old b&y+ ( h>d words
 has come d[n  ! annals ( lit]ature1    
till ! self-same wave ( bitt]ness  t    
:elm$ ! luckless insect ,pantilius foams
 ab\t !  %all[s ( ,mr4 ,sw9burne's      
self-def5ce1 & f9ally goes  comb+ ov] ! 
,city ,hall ) ,mr4 ,*>les ,reade = its  
,neptune1 & ?reat5s to make flotsam ( t 
cosy fixture1 !  ,r\nd ,table4 ,yet1 )  
all ^! prec$5ts to def9e x1  plagi>ism  

is to-day a purely relative t]m--a      
weapon ( !  p>tisan w>s ( lett]s4 ,if   
our enemies commit a co9cid5ce1  t is   
plagi>ism2 :5 our fri5ds pilf]1 x is    
adaptation1  v]sion1 /udies 9 /yle1 or  
"s o!r euphemism4    ,mod]n criticism   
has n signaliz$ its advance by e/abli%+ 
any pr9ciple to decide ?is difficult "q 
( :at is really  plagi>ism4 ,!re is     
absolutely no /&>d or crit]ion yet1 &   
ea* "o :o wi%es to =m a "r op9ion1 is   
?r[n ^u 8  own devices to rea* x4 ,amid 
! _m delicacies &  difficulties ( judg+ 
9 ?is matt]1 we h f\nd1 or fanci$  we   
f\nd1 "o rule ( s+ul> s]vice 9 guid+ u  
to a  satisfactory conclusion4 ,x is    
notewor?y1 to say ! lea/1 t  almo/ all !
 great plagi>i/s & imitators ( all "t h 
be5 writ]s ( ! self-consci\s or         
subjective ord]2  m5 :o wrote ) ,mrs4   
,grundy upp]mo/1 & _! !me next2  ^: real
 & prim>y aim 0 to exhibit & exalt      
!mselves2  to fe$ _! p]sonal vanity1    
ambition1 or gre$4 ,! objective  or     
intuitive class1 on ! contr>y--^? :o    

wrote because !y  7 full ( _! subject2  
?9k+ ( x1 feel+ x1 full (  x2 ^? 9 brief
 :o develop _! natures in/ead (         
advantag+ !mselves1 are almo/ nev]      
caught depr$at+  int5tionally1 :ile _! v
 int5tness on :at !y may h  to say makes
 !m ! mo/ frequ5t ( unconsci\s imitators
 9  m]e mann] & expression4    ,x may be
 g5]aliz+ too mu* to say t ?is fact     
conta9s a  pr9ciple1 b we d ?9k x po9ts 
to a presumption4 ,! m  satisfactory !  
rule1 h[ev]1 ! m puzzl+ ! exception1  & 
9 apply+ ?is te/ ( subjectivity1 we     
/rike on q a  little casus consci5tiae1 
9 ! issues pres5t$ by !  two books :i*  
=m our text4    ,( all ,engli% writ]s1  
"o ( ! la/ to pit* on = a  plagi>i/ is  
hone/ ,john ,bunyan4 ,he1 if ev] man 01 
is  s9c]e1 objective--a conv9c$         
mission>y & mess5g]4 ,grave1  r\gh1     
outspok51 self-prais+1 yet rigid1 he    
seems at a fir/  glance to embody &     
epitomize 8 age2 t /range1 f]m5t$1      
fanatical age1 :5 ,engl& seems "o va/   
presbyt]y--a  ,massa*usetts ( political1

 social1 & religi\s au/]ities &         
extremes2 :5 ! ,engli%m5 ( hi/ory seem  
to lose _!  *>act]i/ics = a :ile1 & turn
 to =e%ad[$1 m$iaeval  ,yankees2 :5 we  
nev] ?9k ( !m 9 connection ) blonde     
love-locks & blue eyes1 & sla%$ d\blets1
 & foam+ ale1  & big1 m]ry1 unmeant     
oa?s1 & *e]y tav]ns1 & *amp+  /e$s2 b z 
/]n1 sombre1 black-a-vis$1 /eel-capp$1  
pray+ infantry1 ) j]k9s on _! backs1 &  
,/]nhold &  ,hopk9s 9 e ?ird knapsack4  
,yet1 :5 we look closely1  ,bunyan is n 
s repres5tative a man z he appe>s4  #eci
  ,he 0 n only a bett] & bold] man ?an 8
 fell[s1 b at  bottom a diff]5t "o4 ,!  
reason :y he typifies s mu* (  ^? days  
is really t ! man _h a l>ge measure ( t 
tact = app>5t con=mity ) ! masses :i* is
 ! ess5ce  ( popul>ity1 & :i* 9 him     
cov]$ mu* indep5d5ce4 ,a  hundr$ ye>s   
lat]1 he w\ld h be5 ! ,francis ,asbury (
  ,engl&4 ,"u ! ,puritan cru/ lay hidd5 
a r$-hot ,me?odi/4  ,8 autobiography--by
 f> 8 mo/ int]e/+ "w1 9 our  op9ion--is 
full ( an ebulli5t f]vor t 0 !n a       

favorite  novelty1 is n[ to mo/ ( u a   
psy*ological /udy1 b w\ld  wak5 only    
electric sympa?y )\t a t\* ( surprise 9 
_m  a circuit-rid+ it9]ant ( !          
s\?-we/--unless1 p]haps1 he  %\ld wond] 
t !re 7 su* or?odox ,me?odi/s s long    
ago4 ,he also fails 9 n repres5t+ t     
pragmatical hypocrisy  :i* culm9at$ 9 ! 
,rump ,p>liam5t & ,praisegod ,b>ebones1 
& f9ally rott$ ! ,commonweal? into !    
,re/oration4  ,controv]sial & conceit$  
he may h be51 & he _h no  little reason 
to be hone/ly pr\d ( ! volcanic =ce (   
manl9ess t f\nd him an imbrut$ t9k]-boy1
 & made him a  respect$ lead] ( 8 p4 ,b 
9 8 great "w no man  c\ld be m          
self-=getful1 m imp]sonal1 m transp>5t  
to ! ?\ght )9 him4 ,he is rife1 p]meat$1
 possess$ )  8 subject4 ,8 p[]ful       
imag9ation1 always morbidly vivid1 &  at
 times 9 8 life1 disord]$1 b5ds its full
 =ce to !  "w4 ,he saw ! ?+s ( :i* he 0 
writ+1 says "o (  8 biograph]s1 z       
di/9ctly ) 8 m9d's eye1 z if !y  7 inde$
 pass+ be=e him 9 a dream4 ,n[1 ?is is n

 !  sort ( man to g cull+ o!r p's words 
= 8 w>m &  sw>m+ fancies4 ,b moreov]    
,bunyan 0 attack$ 9 8  lifetime ) *>ges 
( plagi>ism1 & repli$ ) 8 usual         
aggressive emphasis1 & 9 8 *>act]i/ic   
dogg]el--9 !  preface to 8 ,holy ,w>4   
,"s say ! ,pilgrim's ,progress is n m9e1
     ,ins9uat+ z if ,i w\ld %9e     ,9  
"n & fame by ! wor? ( ano!r1     ,l "s  
made ri* by robb+ ( _! bro!r4      ,or t
 s fond ,i am ( be+ sire1     ,i'll fa!r
 ba/>ds1 or1 if ne$ require1     ,i'll  
tell a lie 9 pr9t to get applause4      
,i scorn x2 ,john su* dirt-heap nev] 0  
,s9ce ,god conv]t$ him4 ,let ?is suffice
     ,to %[ :y ,i my ,pilgrim patronize4
      ,x came f m9e own he>t1 s to my   
head1     ,& !nce into my f+]s trickl$2 
,!n to my p51 f :5ce imm$iately     ,on 
pap] ,i did dripple x da9tily4          
,mann] & matt] too 0 all m9e own2       
,nor 0 x unto any mortal kn[n1     ,till
 ,i _h done x4 ,nor did any !n1     ,by 
books1 by wits1 by tongues1 or h&1 or   
p51     ,add five words to x1 or wrote  

half a l9e     ,!re(2 ! :ole & e :it is 
m9e4 444    ,?is leaves ! sugge/ion (   
plagi>ism app>5tly little room  to /&   
^u1 unless x fall back ^u "s safe       
g5]ality1  su* z t 9 a republic 7or     
commonweal?7 all ?+s are  possible1 or t
 ! he>t is deceitful & desp]ately wick$1
  etc4    ,aga9/ ?is giant ( tru?1      
panopli$ 9 ! v robur et z  triplex (    
self-consci\s orig9ality1 comes out !   
que]e/  antagoni/ imag9able--a ,fr5*    
,david aga9/ a ,wel% ,golia?4  ,^!      
little books altoge!r des]ve a pass+ ^w4
 ,bo? are  publi%$ privately & by       
subscription4 ,"o1 ! lat]1 is a  m]e    
translation1 aris+ out ( its pr$ecessor4
 ,! o!r is a  mo/ s+ul> compilation1 f a
 numb] ( notes :i* "o ,mr4  ,na?aniel   
,hill1 ,m4,r4,s4,l41 z we are n surpris$
 to le>n1 di$  mak+4 ,!y make a book v  
unlike mo/ books4 ,to beg9 )1  ,mr4     
,basil ,montagu ,pick]+1 ! publi%]1 has 
tak5 = 8  motto1 ,aldi ,discipulus      
,anglus1 & ! pr9t+ is an excell5t       
imitation ( t fam\s old press :i* s _m  

dead s*ol>s  h bless$1 & s _m dead      
pr9t]s d\btless sworn at4  #edj  ,!n !  
engrav+s are v curi\s ones1 copi$ f !   
olde/  editions ( ! orig9al1 & comb9e a 
*ildlike range (  sc5]y ) a ,*9ese ma/]y
 ( p]spective4 ,! text1 ?\gh1  is vilely
 m>r$ by a v>iation ( plan4 ,mr4 ,hill's
 idea 0 to  %[ ! indebt$ness ( ,bunyan's
 ,pilgrim's ,progress to  _m e>li]      
works1 & its pr9cipal cr$itor happ5$ to 
be  ?is ,pl]9age de l',homme (          
,guillaume ,de ,guileville4 ,8  editors 
f9d+ x s qua9t1 7 /ruck by ! bright     
aft]?\ght ( mak+ ?is book itself ! ma9  
subject4 ,x may  h sold bett]1 b =      
ourselves we diff] toto caelo  ) _!     
ta/e4 ,_! me?od defies ord]1 & results 9
 a  mo/ extraord9>y hot*-pot* ( que]    
quotations1 ,scripture  ref]5ces pa/    
numb]1 antique ,fr5*1 ar*aic ,engli% to 
mat*1  biographies1 analogies1 &        
translations1 t reads l a fit  ( levity 
( old ,full]1 or an excursus--or        
pilgrimage--f ! ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly4  
,add n[ to all  ?is1 t to an old-fa%ion$

 translation ( an antiquat$ poem  by an 
obsolete monk1 !re are app5d$ a body (  
notes full (  all sorts ( odd le>n+1 &  
f9ally1 t translation1 notes  & all1 are
 by a woman1 & ! outr picture is        
complete4    ,! comp>ison betwe5 ,de    
,guileville & ,bunyan is n orig9at$  by 
?is book4 ,s\!y1 among o!rs1 speaks ( ! 
,pl]9age1 :i* he entitles ! ,pl]9 de la 
,vie  ,huma9e1 7al?\gh ?is "n is n giv5 
x 9 any ( !  editions on ! v full li/ ( 
?is volume17 & dismisses !  subject ) a 
w>y vagu5ess t has to our e> a  s\pon ( 
,podsnapp]y1 & someh[ makes u d\bt if ! 
wor?y laureate ev] read ! book at all4  
,b1 at any rate1 ?is  is by f> ! mo/    
ext5d$ comp>ison yet made1 & all !      
bett] 9 t x does n argue a preconceiv$  
!ory4    ,"o ?+1 at lea/1 x pla9ly      
proves--t ,ma/] ,bunyan v  mu* ov]/at$ 8
 orig9ality 9 say+ t mann] & matt]  too 
7 all 8 own4 ,x %[s t f ! "t ( ! ,norman
  tr\badors 7n to g back to !           
,apocalypse ( ,/4 ,john7 !  dream-=m :i*
 is ! fram+ ( ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress  0

 a common & favorite device1 & in/ances 
,pi]s  ,pl[man's ,vision1 7,a4,d4       
#acfi17 ,walt] de ,mapes's  ,apocalypsis
 ,golice1 ! old] poem1 ,! ,debate ( !   
,body & ! ,s\l1 ,lydgate's ,temple (    
,glass1  ,hampole's ,prycke (           
,consci5ce1 7#acdi17 ,sir ,david        
,lyndesay  ( ! ,m\nt's poem1 ,! ,dreme1 
7#aebh17 & ,dunb>'s  ,daunce1 7#adgj47  
,probably ,bunyan1 n be+ accus$ (  /eal+
 s obvi\s & public an artifice1 did n h 
x 9  m9d at all :5 he made 8 sweep+     
self-ass]tion4    ,9 look+ fur!r =      
resemblances1 ^? :o expect to f9d  /rong
 simil>ity ( any sort w be disappo9t$4  
,9 fact1 !y  w\ld 9 ord9>y cases be     
dismiss$ z trivial4 ,b we mu/  rememb] !
 va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two works4 ,de   
,guileville's is a true m$iaeval mona/ic
 boke1 ju/ly  describ$ 9 ?is volume z a 
cold & lifeless dialogue betwe5  ab/ract
 & unembodi$ qualities4 ,x is1 9 all b  
its anci5t  qua9tness1 ! dulle/ & drie/ 
( books2 !re is n a ray  ( reality 9 x  
any:]e4 ,bunyan1 on ! contr>y1 gives u  

m5  & wom5 :]e ! old prior ( ,*aliz has 
no?+ b gho/s (  ab/ract ideas4 ,"o is l 
! antiquat$ masques or  miracle-plays2 !
 o!r l ! !atre be=e ,g>rick's day4  #eda
  ,?us betwe5 a galvaniz$ ,fr5* ,roman (
 #accj & a live  ,engli% book ( #afgj1  
by a man innoc5t ( ,fr5*1 any           
resemblance 9 diction w\ld n only be    
matt] ( wond] b  matt] ( ! m]e/ *ance4  
,we w1 h[ev]1 cite a few ( !            
p>allelisms giv5 9 ! comp>ison :i* =ms !
 gi/ &  pi? ( ^! volumes4 ,& fir/ comes 
"o :i* we cite because  x conta9s ! only
 l9es we h se5 wor? rememb]+ 9 ,de      
,guileville's dre>y wa/e ( dialogue4 ,he
 is describ+ ! lady  7,grac$ieu7 :om 8  
,pl]9 meets at ! outset4            ,de 
,guileville4      ,m\lt c\rtoise et de  
d\ce *re     ,me fut gr&em5t c> premire 
,me saulua en dem&ant     ,p\rquoy      
nauoie meilleur semblant     ,et p\r    
quelle cause ie pleuroye     ,et saucune
 defaulte auoie4     ,adonc ie fuz comme
 surpris     ,p\rce que pas nauoye apris
     ,que dame de si grant at\r         

,daigna/ v]s moi faire vng seul t\r     
,=s et seullem5t p\r autant     ,que cil
 qui a bonte plus grant     ,plus a en  
soy dhumilite     ,grant d\lceur et     
b5ignite     ,,c> ,,plus ,a ,,le        
,,pommi] ,,de ,,pommes     ,,plus ,,bas 
,,s5cl9e ,,v]s ,,les ,,hommes1     ,et  
ne scay signe de bonte     ,si grant    
comme e/ humilite1     ,qui ne porte    
ce/e bani]e     ,na v]tu ne bonte       
enti]e4 ,footnote #eb        ,footnote  
#eb3        ,full c\rte\sly1 & 9 mo/    
g5tle wise        ,made %e fir/         
salutation1 que/ion+        ,:]e=e t ,i 
bore n m *e]ful mi5        ,& :y ,i     
wept1 & if 9 aught ,i lack$4        ,&  
!n ,i 0 z "o o'erta'en ) wond]1         
,t lady ( s great nobility        ,%\ld 
ev5 deign to turn t[>ds su* z ,i1       
,sav+ = ?is sole cause1 t :oso mo/      
,( graci\s ru? do? bless1 ! same alway  
,mo/ 9 8 bosom be>s ( l[l9ess4        ,=
 ! m ri* 9 /ore ( gold5 fruit1        ,m
 deeply b5de? unto man ! tree4          
,nor "k ,i any sign ( graci\sness       

,great z humility4 ,:o be>s n t         
,grav$ on 8 bann]1 ha? n truly virtue4  
,lydgate's ,translation4      ,?is ladye
 t ,i spak ( "h    ,0 curteys & ( noble 
*]e    ,& wond]ly ( gret v]tu1    ,&    
ffyr/ %e 'gan me to salue    ,9 goodly  
wise axynge ( me    ,:at man] ?yng yt   
myght be    ,or cause :y ,i %\ld hyr l]e
    ,t ,i made s heavy *]e1    ,or :y t 
,i 0 aye wepyng1    ,:] ( :5 ,i gan take
 h$e    ,i ffyl into a man] dr$e    ,=  
unkonnyng & leudnesse    ,t a*e ( s     
great noblesse    ,dysd5$e n 9 h] degre 
,to speke to on s pore z me2    ,b yiff 
x 7 s1 z ,i guess1    ,al only ( hyr    
g5tyll5esse1    ,= gladly :] is mo/     
beute    ,!r is grette/ humylyte1    ,& 
t ys v]rylye ! sygne    ,suy* ar mo/    
goodly & b5ygne1    ,an apple tre ) frut
 mo/ lade    ,to folk t /ond5 9 ! %ade  
,m l[ly do? 8 bran*es l\te    ,!n a no!r
 tre )\te4    ,:] hab\nde? mo/ goodness 
,!re is ay mo/ ( meeknesse1    ,none s  
gret tok5 ( bewte    ,z is p>fyt        
humylyte4    ,:o wante? hyr 9 hys ban]e 

,ha? n v]tu hool & ent]e4    ,! same    
graci\s salutation1 says our book1 is   
made by  ,evangeli/ to ,*ri/ian :il/ he 
is weep+4 ,i look$ !n1  says ,bunyan1 & 
saw a man nam$ ,evangeli/ com+ to him1  
:o  ask$1 ',:]e=e do/ ?\ cry8' ',because
 ,i fe>1' replies  ,*ri/ian1 't ?is     
burd5 t is ^u my back w s9k me  l[] ?an 
! grave1 & ,i %all fall into ! grave4'  
,! simile ( ! fruit-tree is excell5t1 & 
p]haps /rikes u  ! bett] = its be+ ! "o 
oasis4 ,! resemblance also is  /rong    
betwe5 ! greet+s ( ,grac$ieu &          
,evangeli/1  & 9 fact1 9 ! :ole         
situation1 & seems h>d to acc\nt  = )\t 
suppos+ ,bunyan to h kn[n ,lydgate's or 
"s  o!r translation ( ! e>li] au?or4    
,! next po9t is "o ( app>5t discrepancy1
 b really (  lik5ess4 ,! ,pl]9 is /opp$ 
by a /ream1 at  :i* he                  
desponds--signify+ ! wat] ( baptism at !
  entrance to ! *ur*4 ,bunyan be+ a     
,bapti/1 ) /rong  lib]al views (        
communion1 7:i*1 inde$1 embroil$ him at 
"o  "t ) ! radicals ( 8 sect17 naturally

 balk$ at ?is  abhorr5t papi/ical       
metaphor1 & sub/itut$ 8 fam\s  ,sl\gh ( 
,despond1 :i*1 x w be rememb]$1 he makes
  to be sixte5 hundr$ ye>s old--! age ( 
,*ri/ianity at 8  day4    #edb    ,ano!r
 slight t\*1 p]haps wor? not+1 is :]e   
,de  ,guileville's pilgrims come f      
,moses1 7! ,mr4 ,legality (  ,bunyan17 z
 if      ,yssys du b\rbi]1     ,ou dun  
noir sac a *>bonni]3    :ile ,pliable1 9
 a l case1 is repres5t$ z seem+  b$aub$ 
) dirt1 z if he _h be5 dipp$ 9 a sack ( 
*>coal4 ,?is c]ta9ly looks l a pebble = 
,golia?'s  =ehead4 ,also ^! same muddy  
pilgrims ( !  ,pl]9age1 return+         
,enbordiz et encore t\s  familleux come 
back all ( a tremor & beg to jo9 !      
o!rs3 s ,*ri/ian1 aft] 8 episode at ,mr4
 ,legality's1 falls  at ! feet (        
,evangeli/ ) pray]s to be put aga9 9 !  
way  ( salvation4 ,aga9 ,*ri/ian's      
second companion ,hopeful  & ! ,pl]9's  
/aff ,hope are bran*es ( "o  idea4 ,f>!r
 on1 ,grac$ieu pres5ts h] protg  ) !    
id5tical pebbles t ,david _h 9 8 scrip  

:5 he  f\ght aga9/ ,golia?4 ,bunyan     
makes ! damsels ( ! palace  call$       
,beautiful1 9 exhibit+ t e/abli%m5t to !
  delight$ ,*ri/ian1 display1 among o!r 
ae/hetic accessories  ( ! place1 ! sl+ &
 /one ) :i* ,david slew ,golia?  ( ,ga?4
    ,ano!r curi\s p>allelism is n cit$  
at all 9 ?is book4 ,de  ,guileville's   
h]o is acco/$ by ,av>ice1 :o1 9 true    
,amazon  /yle1 swe>s by h] gold5 mammet 
%e c>ries on h] head  7mon ydole e/ mon 
,mahommet says ! old lady1              
in/ructively7 t %e w h 8 life1 & makes  
him !  allur+ proposal1 ei!r to be kill$
 at once1 or to give up 8  /aff & scrip1
 b[ d[n to h] mammet1 ackn[l$ge x  ! mo/
 wor%ipful ( mammets1 & !n be kill$ aft]
 all4  ,?is rem9ds u v =cibly ( !       
impressive occasion :i* s  wr\ght on our
 *ildhood's susceptibilities1 :5        
,apollyon  /raddl$ q ov] ! :ole bread? (
 ! way1 & said1 ',i  am void ( fe> 9 ?is
 matt]2 prep>e ?yself to die2 = ,i  swe>
 by my inf]nal d51 t y %all g no f>!r3  
"h  w ,i spill ?y s\l6' etc4    ,su* are

 ! ma9 body ( ! resemblances betwe5 !   
good old  ,ci/]cian abbot & ! /urdy     
,bapti/ exhort]4 ,!re are _m  :o w look 
!m ov] & decide q readily ) ,mr4 ,s\!y  
t ! co9cid5ces are fugitive & illusory1 
& t1 z he  says1 ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress
 might h be5 exactly :at  x is1 :e!r    
,bunyan _h ev] se5 ?is book or n4 ,b ?is
  does n %[ ei!r mu* acum5 or mu* ?\ght 
9 ,mr4 ,s\!y4  ,= all he says might be  
true f ! reason we h be=e  sugge/$--t   
,bunyan knew no ,fr5*1 or c]ta9ly n     
en\gh to  ma/] ! dialect ( ,de          
,guileville1 & might see ! book a  ?\s& 
times q h>mlessly4 ,we confess1 ev5 t if
 ,bunyan  _h really be5 famili> ) !     
orig9al poem1 ^!  simil>ities w\ld be   
trifl+4 ,b :5 he mu/ h drawn if at  all 
f "s "o ( ! num]\s translations--all    
indiff]5tly poor--:i* ab\nd$ 9 8 "t1    
slight  resemblances mean m4 ,^? :o h   
ev] play$ at !  well-kn[n game ( pass+ a
 /ory ?r\gh a numb] ( p]sons1  "o by "o1
 w appreciate ! =ce ( ?is4 ,bunyan c\ld 
sc>cely help see+ "s ( ! translations4  

,=1 /range to  say1 ?is1 to u ! balde/ (
 books1 0 popul> =  g5]ations1 bo? 9    
,france & ,engl&4 ,x is h>d to und]/&   
^! cases4 ,we are apt to look ^u !m z   
in/ances ( !  invet]ate sl[ness ( anci5t
 p2 b ap>t f ! fact  t ?is sl[ness is a 
v difficult ?+ to analyze1 we "k  t 9 a 
few ye>s we %all be sl[ ourselves4  #edc
  ,b :at e "o does n ?9k is1 t we are   
sl[ to-day4  ,any "o :o happ5s to glance
 ov] ! %elves ( any ( our  l>ge publi%+ 
h\ses c f9d !re numb]s ( dull-seem+     
works1 on v>i\s specialties1 full (     
facts1 figures1  demon/rations1         
discov]ies1 & :at seems to u lit]ally   
lumb] ( all sorts4 ,yet ^! books sell1 &
 pay an inv>iable  pr(it to a           
well-e/abli%$ h\se4 ,:o buys !m & :at   
becomes ( !m1 we %all probably le>n :5 !
 disappe>ance  ( p9s1 & ! necessity (   
summ] clo?+1 & ! orig9 (  evil1 are duly
 cle>$ up4 ,c]ta9 x is1 t ! ,pl]9age  de
 l',homme enjoy$ a wide reputation &    
diffusion4 ,*auc]1  especially1 0       
famili> ) its au?or1 & 8 fam\s ,a1 ,b1  

,c1 is a palpable &1 s f> z we "k1 an   
undisguis$  imitation ( ,de             
,guileville's ,pray] to ! ,virg91       
publi%$ 9 ! same ye> #accj4 ,n[1 a "w   
:i*1 aft]  filt]+ ?r\gh ?ree hundr$     
ye>s1 ano!r language & !  bra9s (       
pa9fulle translators1 c\ld /ill yield ! 
g]m (  ! mo/ nationally popul> book 9   
all ,engli% lit]ature1 has  "s claim to 
be call$ its orig9al4    ,we %all n     
attempt to pass ^u ! "q ( plagi>ism1 =  
! hone/ reason t1 z we h said1 we really
 d n exactly  "k :at ! ^w means 9 !     
critical v]nacul> ( to-day4  ,!         
co9cid5ces we h cit$ w\ld c]ta9ly g to  
%[ t  ,! ,pilgrim's ,progress is n !    
entire novelty :i* its  au?or s         
explicitly proclaims x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 
is n  prov5 to complete satisfaction t  
,john su* a dirt-heap ev]  0 z to mean  
to /eal any?+ f anybody4 ,p]haps ! mo/  
peaceable z well z ! mo/ novel          
conclusion t sugge/s  itself1 is to     
h>monize bo? sides ( ?is "q by a ?ird   
!ory1 namely1 t "o may be a palpable    

plagi>i/1 z !  ^w is (t5 us$1 )\t 9 !   
slighte/ degree detract+  f 8           
orig9ality4 ,! /atem5t s\nds            
extraord9>y1 b its  +5i\s advocate1 ,m4 
,phil>te ,*asles1 is an extraord9>y     
,fr5*man1 & is talk+ :5 he advances x1  
ab\t ! div9e  ,williams1 :o is an       
extraord9>y subject = a ,fr5*man to     
talk ab\t4 ,we are v mu* mi/ak5 if ^? :o
 smile at ?is  seem+ contradiction (    
t]ms w n f9d "s =ce 9 !  subjo9$ exc]pt1
 :i* we premise1 h[ev]1 suff]s greatly 9
  translation = want ( ! peculi>        
sup]-emphatic /yle ( !  orig9al ,fr5*4  
,g5ius arranges & imitates1 /udies     &
 deep5s2 x nev] inv5ts4      ,g5ius     
consi/s 9 und]/&+ bett]1 p5etrat+ bett]1
     surr\nd+ ) m light1 :at e "o does  
sup]ficially1 or und]/&s by half4 ,"o ( 
! s+ul>     traits ( ,%akespe>e is 8    
supreme indiff]5ce z to !     subject he
 is to treat (4 ,he nev] c>es ab\t x2 ! 
excell5t artisan kn[s h[ to f9d mat]ial 
9 ev]y?+4 ,he     takes up at hap-haz>d 
a pebble1 a bit ( wood1 a block (       

granite1 a block ( m>ble4 ,little he    
c>es = 8     pr$ecessor's hav+ made an  
old k+ dis9h]it$ by 8     daught]s1 act 
& talk ^u ! /age2 x is a fact l any     
o!r fact1 t c\nts = no m & no less4     
,%akespe>e     goes on to f9d :atev] (  
te>s & ( p[] !re is 9 !     s\l ( ?is   
old man4      ,p to-day are runn+ aft]  
an inv5tiv5ess :i* real     orig9ality  
lacks2 x dwells 9 ! arti/1 n 9 !        
mat]ials he employs4 ,) all great m5 x  
is tradition1 x     is ! p1 x is !      
common h]itage ( ideas & cu/oms     t   
has ga!r$ ! mat]ials4 ,!y h tak5 !m z !y
     came1 & !n laid _! f\ndations1     
transmut$ !m1     immortaliz$ !m4       
,if :at is call$ inv5tion 7 n a         
deceptive quality1 we     %\ld h to rate
 mu* high] ?an ,dante1 ! fir/ idle      
monk1 :o wrote1 9 lumb]+ /yle1 a vision 
( ,p>adise &     ,hell2 ! co>se au?ors (
 c]ta9 ,italian del9eations w\ld        
c>ry ! day ov] ,molire2 ! unkn[n writ]s 
( c]ta9     *ronicles1 divid$ into acts1
 w\ld eclipse ,%akespe>e4    #edd       

,9 ! epo*s ( lit]>y decad5ce ^? are tak5
 =     inv5tors :o1 impell$ by a c]ta9  
ardor ( temp]am5t1 &  a c]ta9 fi]9ess ( 
phrase1 dislocate words & images1 &     
?9k !y h laun*$ ideas4 ,^! folk proclaim
 !mselves  orators4 ,montaigne1         
,%akespe>e1 ,molire took to !mselves no 
m]it b t ( /udy+ nature1 ! _w1 & man4   
,! true function ( g5ius is to second4  
--,etudes sur ,,iv4 ,%akespe>e1 etc41   
p> ,phil>te ,*asles4 #ahea2 p4 #hh1 sqq4
    ,!re is no labor l mak+ up "o's m9d1
 7unless x be1  keep+ x made up17 & we  
own ourselves *>m$ to f9d 9 ?is  acute &
 able reason+ an outlet ( escape f !    
:ole duty  ( decision4 ,& we ?9k1 too1 t
 ! _m fri5ds ( ! old  ,pilgrim--^? :o   
love him because 7t5d]e/ tie67 he 0 "o  
( ! picture-books ( _! infancy1 ^?      
assur$ly :o h  laugh$ at him 9 8 ,fr5*  
dress1 conv]t$ to a good ,ca?olic       
,palm]2 ,footnote #ec & above all1 !    
l>ge ,bapti/ connection  ( ?is magaz9e1 
w ?ank u2 & if n1 we assure !m !y  ought
 to ?ank u1 = ?is ?ird horn ( 8 sore    

dilemma4      ,footnote #ec3 ,petite    
,biblio?que de ,ca?olique1 tom4    xix4 
,?is is a translation ( ! fir/ "p ( ,!  
,pilgrim's ,progress1 & is duly modifi$ 
to doctr9al    fitness1 & embelli%$ ) a 
frontispiece head ( !    ,bless$ ,virg94
 ,s\!y speaks also ( a ,portuguese      
translation ( #aghb4 ,nil admir>i 444 6 
--------        ,! ,leg5d ,( ,! ,sev5   
,sleep]s4                   ,a4,d4 #dci4
      ,! slaves ( ,adolius w5t =? on !  
hill1      ,& 9 toil+ & talk+ got half  
?r\gh _! day4    ,! sun 0 decl9+2 !     
l&scape 0 /ill1      ,z x /ret*$ f>     
b5ea?4 ,:ile !y delv$ 9 ! clay1    ,&   
uncov]$ ! rocks by comm& ( _! ma/]1     
,_! /ories & comm5ts came fa/] & fa/]-- 
,h[ hot x became ab\t noon6    ,h[ !    
olives 7 prosp]+ greatly6      ,t ! figs
 & ! grapes w\ld be pl5tiful soon--     
,& :at *anges _h happ5$ 9 ,ephesus      
lately4      ,!y w&]$ a c5tury back1 ay1
 & m1      ,to ! "t :5 ! edict ( ,decius
 w5t out1    ,z !y he>d f _! fa!rs4 ,h[ 
fi]cely x bore      ,on ! ,*ri/ians6 ,_!

 blood 9 ! /reets fl[$ ab\t    ,h[ !    
fame ( ,diana1 ^: beauty !y knew    ,by 
description1 ^? m>tyrs ) horror did     
view6      ,h[ ! ,go? ) 8 m]ciless tor* 
,f ! ,eux9e _h ru%$1 an inv9cible       
foeman1      ,& spurn+ ! goddess1 _h    
fir$ h] high por*1    ,despite ( !      
wide-sweep+ blade ( ! ,roman4    #ede   
,!n "o ceas$ 8 "w1 :o 0 wr9kl$ & gray1  
,&1 8 h& on 8 mattock1 he said3 ,x      
appe>s    ,n[ s9ce ,decius did reign1 f 
:at wise p say1      ,to be cle> ( "o   
hundr$ & eighty good ye>s4    ,:5 8     
cruelty fl\ri%$1 ,i'm told !re 7 sev5   
,good y\?s ( our city--s long gone to   
heav5--      ,:o fl$ to ^! p>ts & 7 p5t 
,by ! emp]or's soldi]s1 :o came on a    
sally1      ,& built up ! cave4 ,to 8   
mattock he b5t1    ,& a rock t he loos5$
 roll$ d[n to ! valley4      ,!y f\nd a 
l>ge r5t :]e ! rock _h its b$1      ,:i*
 ) eag] assault !y made l>g] by delv+2  
,& a cave 0 disclos$ l a home ( ! dead--
      ,x 0 horrid & cold1 x 0 rugg$ &   
%elv+4    ,! f\lness ( ages1 unus$ to ! 

light1    ,seem$ grimly reclaim+ its    
curta9 ( night4      ,b look6 z ! mi/   
gr[s m cle>1    ,!re's a =m mov+        
outw>d--( hell or ( heav5--      ,!     
slaves did n "q1 b fl$ 9 _! fe>2    ,b 9
 tru? ?is 0 ,iambli*us1 "o ( ! sev54    
,he paus$ at ! m\?2 plac$ 8 h&s on 8    
eyes2      ,!n he look$ t[>d ,ephesus1  
ba?d 9 light2    ,& he j\rney$ 9 ha/e1  
till ) spee*less surprise      ,a cross 
on ! gr& city gate met 8 sight4    ,he  
wond]$1 he d\bt$1 he he>k5$ ! d9    ,( !
 city2 & kiss+ ! symbol1 pass$ 92       
,?is place he s lately _h kn[n    ,0    
trans=m$--_h gr[n =eign1 & alt]$1 &     
cold2      ,he 0 fami%$ = bread1 & 8    
wi%es 7 %[n2    ,b !y lik$ n 8 acc5ts1 8
 dress1 or 8 gold4      ,away to ! judge
 ) ?is madman or worse6      ,he has    
treasure t mu/ be acc\nt$4 ,!y w5t4     
,i'm a ,*ri/ian1 he said1 & am weal?y2  
my purse      ,i h (f]$ = bread4 ,%\ld x
 be y\r int5t    ,to enroll me a m>tyr1 
my life ,i'll lay d[n3    ,take my life6
 ,take my weal? 9 ex*ange = ! cr[n4     

,!n ! judge :5 he look$ & saw cle>ly    
,t ,decius' head on ! co9 did appe>1    
,decl>$1 :ile he d\bt$1 ?is y\? mu/ be  
ne>ly    ,two hundr$ ye>s old] ?an any  
"o "h6      ,! bi%op 0 s5t =1 &         
,iambli*us spoke3      ,six o!rs & he _h
 b ye/]day fl$2    ,!y _h slept 9 a     
cave1 & ?is morn+ awoke2      ,& he _h  
be5 s5t to ! city = bread4    ,true     
sons1 said ! bi%op1 ( ,god's            
pr$ilection6    ,^! m5 are all sa9ts :o 
h f\nd resurrection4    #edf            
,resurrection inde$ b f sleep1    ,:i* !
 ,god ( all nature prolong+ _h %$1      
,l a life-sav+ balsam1 to gu>d & to keep
    ,^? ^: memory _h pass$ ) ! anci5t & 
dead4      ,! city 0 empti$ ! emp]or    
came1      ,! p1 ! magnates & all1 9 a  
?rong1    ,beat a broad h>d5$ pa? to t  
cav]n ( fame1      ,:]e ! "y m5 (       
,ephesus slumb]$ s long4    ,& :5       
,iambli*us %\t$1 !y came at 8 call2     
,& ! sev5 /ood toge!r amid/ ( !m all4   
,b nature ass]t$ h] sway1    ,:i* a     
special design _h = once set aside2     

,& !y liv$ b to gaze on ! light ( ! day1
    ,& imp>t+ _! bless+1 !y pa9lessly   
di$4      ,?r\gh ! wide ,roman empire _!
 fame travell$ r\nd2      ,! ,ea/ & !   
,we/ h adopt$ ! /ory2    ,9 ,syriac1 9  
,greek1 & 9 ,lat9 'tis f\nd2      ,!    
,romans & ,russians agree 9 _! glory    
,:]e ,mahomet conqu]$1 !y're kn[n unto  
all1    ,& are rev]5c$ z sa9ts f ,algi]s
 to ,b5gal4      ,! cavill+ sceptic may 
d\bt2    ,b soon] %all e>? to de/ruction
 be hurl$1      ,?an ,iambli*us' "n be  
de?ron$ or die out1    ,or ! tale ( !   
sleep]s dep>t f ! _w4    --------       
,family1 ,p>i%1 ,& ,sunday-s*ool        
,libr>ies4      ,x w\ld be trite to say 
t ! press is an extraord9>y p[]  = good 
or = evil4 ,"s h decri$ x1 z if !y look$
  ^u x z n m]ely evil by accid5t1 b bad 
9 itself4 ,we  _c agree ) !m4 ,we reg>d 
! press1 9 ! ord] (  div9e provid5ce1 z 
a rapid means ( spread+ ! tru? &  !     
morality ( ! ,gospel among mank9d4 ,!re 
is an apo/le%ip  ( ! p5 z well z ( !    
m\?4 ,! writt5 ^w (t5 does  m ?an !     

spok5 ^w2 z a pro( f ,scripture may (t5 
tell m =cibly on ! m9d ( an unbeliev]1  
?an an argum5t  f tradition4    ,pr9t+  
is a bless+2 ! press is a boon & a p[]  
:i* !  fri5ds ( ,god %\ld "k h[ to use  
bett] ?an 8 enemies4  ,true1 ! latt]    
employ x to great effect1 ,:at a torr5t 
( bad  lit]ature is p\r$ daily ov] ! _w6
  #edg  ,! press is a huge mon/]1 s5d+  
=? f its giant jaws  poison1 t          
circulates 9 ! blood ( society4         
,infidelity &  false !ology2 immoral1   
obsc5e1 & useless books are its  (fspr+4
 ,reviews1 magaz9es1 weekly & daily     
pap]s1 issue  f x2 & are made ! vehicles
 ( falsehood & vice4 ,su* is  ! fact4   
,:at are ! fri5ds ( religion to d1 :5   
its  enemies are s active8 ,w x d = u to
 sit d[n & express  our long+s = ! good 
old times :5 !re 7 no pr9t$  books8     
,hold up our eyes 9 holy horror1 b let  
our h&s hang  unemploy$ by our side8    
,decry ! wick$ness ( ! press2 !         
di%one/y ( ! au?ors1 & deplore ! vitiat$
 ta/e ( !  populace1 ^: m9ds we see     

daily dev\r+ ! poison$ tra%  ( novels & 
newspap]s2 & rema9 cont5t ) utt]+ an    
empty sigh8 ,no2 we mu/ be up & do+4 ,we
 mu/ fight ! foes  ( religion ) _! own  
weapons4 ,we mu/ use ! press aga9/  ^?  
:o abuse x4 ,! old t> :o 0 accu/om$ to  
see only  wood5 %ips cont5d on ! ocean2 
or ! vet]an ( !  battle-field :o f\ght =
 lib]ty ) an antiquat$ firelock1  w\ld  
be laugh$ at n[ = prote/+ aga9/ ! use ( 
ironclads or ne$le-guns 9 w>f>e4 ,9 va9 
w\ld he say t  :at won battles half a   
c5tury ago ought to w9 !m /ill4 ,s  w\ld
 x be unreasonable to cl+ solely to ^?  
weapons (  spiritual combat :i* 7 good  
en\gh a c5tury ago1 b :i*  to-day are   
blunt or ru/y4 ,we mu/ copp] ! keels &  
plate !  sides ( our wood5 vessels )    
iron2 & remodel ! anci5t  %oot+-irons ( 
! s*ola/ics to meet ! exig5cies (  mod]n
 circum/ances4 ,x c h>dly be que/ion$ t 
! am\nt  ( bad or useless books publi%$ 
daily is great] ?an !  quantity ( good  
ones4 ,n[1 ^: fault is ?is8 ,! fault ( !
  writ]s8 ,yes1 9 "p4 ,b !y tell u1 :5  

ask$ :y !y  write improp] works1 t ! p w
 n read any o!r  k9d2 & t if !y 7 to    
foll[ tru?1 & n to please  ! passions 9 
_! compositions1 !y w\ld />ve4 ,! great 
cause ( bad lit]ature is1 !re=e1 !      
corrupt ta/e ( !  masses4 ,x is at !    
same "t cause & effect2 = lit]>y m5     
suit _! books to x2 & ^! aga9 help to   
spread moral  diseases f>!r1 & make !m  
s9k m deeply into ! bra9s  ( !          
community4    ,! *ief means ( c\nt]act+ 
! influ5ce ( bad books is by  writ+ good
 ones2 by spread+ a ta/e = s\nd &       
:olesome  read+4 ,9 ?is way c morality  
be pres]v$ 9 ! s\l4 ,to  ?is end %\ld we
 ,ca?olics direct our en]gies4 ,we numb]
 9  ?is c\ntry _m millions2 & if we 7   
all fill$ ) an  ard5t zeal = s\ls1 we   
%\ld ?9k no sacrifice too great1 (  "t1 
labor1 or purse1 9 ord] to de/roy !     
p]nici\s effects  ( un-,ca?olic or      
anti-,ca?olic books & j\rnals4 ,m5 w    
read4 ,!y ne$ food = ! m9d z well z = ! 
body4 ,let u  give !m :olesome food4 ,x 
0 9 ?is s5se t ,pius ,,ix41 9  speak+ ( 

,france1 said1 ,y ,fr5*m5 h plant$ !    
tree (  sci5ce almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,i d n    
object to ?is1 provid$ y  d n all[ x to 
become ! sci5ce ( evil2 & ?is w  happ51 
if y d n inundate ,france ) good        
publications4 ,! words apply to our own 
c\ntry z well z  to ,france4    ,write &
 publi% good books !n6 ,we d n mean by  
good books1  m]ely te*nical1 spiritual  
books4 ,we mean int]e/+ books1 9  :i*   
no?+ aga9/ fai? or morals is f\nd2 & 9  
:i*  ev]y?+ t5ds to promote good morals4
  #edh  ,a good novel1 or any "w (      
fiction1 a pamphlet or bro*ure1 a       
newspap] article--any?+ & ev]y?+1 f a   
de> folio to  a "o c5t tract1 provid$ x 
be moral 9 aim & me?od1 comes  "u !     
class ( good publications4 ,we pref]    
small1 *eap  books to l>ge & exp5sive   
ones4 ,! p _c und]/&  le>n$ works1 b !y 
c compreh5d a tract1 a magaz9e1 or a    
small book1 l ^? publi%$ 9 ,p>is1 &     
scatt]$ among  ! population by ! zeal\s 
,abb ,mullois & 8 f]v5t  associates ( ! 
,fr5* cl]gy & laity4 ,books = g5]al &   

popul> read+ %\ld be writt5 & dress$ 9 a
 popul> /yle4  ,small works ( fiction & 
anecdote1 or an allegory conta9+ a      
:olesome tru?1 w d m ?an a dry s]mon4   
,horace tells u  t ! old s*oolma/]s us$ 
to give _! pupils cakes1 to  incite !m  
to le>n3        --ut pu]is olim dant    
cru/ula bl&i    ,doctores1 elem5ta vel9t
 ut disc]e prima4    ,we too1 laugh+1   
may tell ! tru?1 & sug>-coat ! pill s  z
 to make its bitt]ness less s5sible4 ,x 
is a/oni%+ to  le>n h[ mu* good has be5 
done among ! l[] classes 9  ,france by !
 good prie/s & laym5 j m5tion$4 ,! ,abb 
,mullois gives u in/ances ( conv]sions  
effect$1 ( wick$ m5  reclaim$1 ( virtues
 in/ill$ into m9ds almo/ brutal1 by !   
casual p]usal ( "s little book or tract4
 ,^! small  publications are put 9 a    
valise or trunk1 & read 9 ! c>s1  9 !   
"w-%op1 at home1 or 9 ! h\se ( a fri5d1 
& !y  leave a la/+ impression beh9d !m4 
,?us we quote ! good  ,abb's words3     
,!re 0 a poor wid[ ) _m *ildr54 ,!      
elde/1 :o     alone c\ld help h]1 0 a v 

h>d case4 ,in/ead (     br++ any?+ home1
 he (t5 /ole ! money necess>y =     !   
support ( ! family4 ,8 poor "m suff]$1  
pray$1     & wept 9 va94 ,b "o day ?is  
"y man be+ at home1     _h no money )   
:i* to g on a spree4 ,he began to amuse 
himself ) look+ ov] a collection ( old  
books on !     *imney4 ,he takes up "o1 
reads x1 becomes int]e/$ & is     mov$  
by x4 ,he ev5 weeps2 he leaves ! book   
reluctantly1     b returns to its p]usal
 next day4 ,8 "m obs]v$ a     great     
*ange 9 8 p]son2 ev5 8 figure 0         
trans=m$2     b %e 0 m surpris$ :5 h]   
son1 await+ an     opportunity to f9d h]
 alone1 address$ h] z foll[s3 ',my      
de> "m1 ,i h made y suff] mu*2 ,i am a  
wret*2 ,i     h se5 x 9 a book4 ,i %all 
nev] be able by "w to aid     y en\gh or
 pay all t ,i owe y4 ,i h f\nd a means (
     assi/+ y till my bro!rs & si/]s gr[
 up4 ,i am go+     to enli/2 y w receive
 a l>ge b\nty4 ,?is is ! only     way 9 
:i* ,i c atone = my neglect ( y4' ,& he 
imm$iately aft] jo9$ ! army4    ,?is is 

b "o ( _m in/ances record$ by ,abb      
,mullois 9  ,l',ami du ,jeune ,cl]g1 a  
mon?ly magaz9e devot$ to !  int]e/s (   
religion4    ,g into _m h\ses1 & y w f9d
 ! ,l$g]2 !  ,sunday ,m]cury1 ! daily   
newspap]s1 ! ,atlantic  ,mon?ly1 & (t51 
ev5 9 ,*ri/ian families1 y may f9d      
publications f> worse ?an ^!2           
occasionally1 ev5 lay hold (  an obsc5e 
or grossly immoral book ly+ ar\nd loose1
 )9  rea* ( ! *ildr54 ,let our ,ca?olic 
publications drive out  all o!rs--at    
lea/1 su* z are positively injuri\s--f  
,ca?olic families4 ,let ! *ildr51 ! "y  
m5 & wom51  h ,ca?olic books to read1 & 
let ! ,ca?olic doctr9es  p]colate ?r\gh 
_! m9ds ev5 f e>ly life4    ,h[ c we    
effect ?is8 ,by *ildr5's1 family1 & p>i%
  libr>ies4 ,we mu/ write good books = !
 "y1 & give !m  opportunities ( read+2  
p>5ts %\ld see to ?is2 & %\ld  always h 
9 _! families a supply ( good ,ca?olic  
read+  matt]2 a collection ( tracts1 or 
( tales1 l ^? ( ,canon  ,s*midt1 or a   
,ca?olic newspap]1 magaz9e1 or review4  

#edi  ,a family libr>y is a treasure 9 a
 h\se1 & goes d[n f  fa!r to *ild z a   
mo/ preci\s heirloom4 ,its b5efits are  
spiritual2 & x is (t5 bett] ?an a =tune4
    ,b ! pr9cipal means ( promot+ a ta/e
 = ,ca?olic  lit]ature1 & enc\rag+ ^? :o
 h devot$ _! lives to  its cause1 is by 
! =mation ( p>i% libr>ies4 ,let u he>  !
 ,abb ,mullois plead+ 9 ?is cause4 ,9   
ord] to combat bad  books & bad         
doctr9es1 we mu/ h & spread good books z
  ! only efficaci\s me?od4 ,x is useless
 to sp5d ! "t 9  compla9+ or 9 rail+    
aga9/ evil publications4 ,!re is a  new 
want 9 our days n kn[n to ! middle ages4
 ,! p  "k h[ to read1 & !y w read4 ,!   
popul> intellect is  hungry1 & we mu/   
fe$ x4 ,y _c argue ) hung]2 x is  /rong]
 ?an y2 x w break & sweep away all y\r  
argum5ts & reasons4 ,y h no "r to say to
 "s "o :o  is dy+ ( hung]1 ',y are wrong
 to eat su* food2 x is  unheal?y1'      
unless y c give him some?+ good &       
:olesome4  ,9 hung]1 p eat :at !y h1 n  
:at !y  w\ld l to h4    ,we say1 !n1 t  

actions1 n words1 are necess>y1 & t  e  
"o %\ld help1 = !re is pl5ty to d = all1
 bo?  prie/s & laity4    ,:at mu/ we d8 
,let u g /raight to ! po9t4 ,9 ! fir/   
place1 e p>i% %\ld h a little libr>y (  
select books1  bo? in/ructive & amus+4  
,books ( hi/ory1 ( sci5ce1 (            
agriculture1 on morals or religion1 at !
 disposal ( e "o  to read1 & to br+ back
 safely4 ,y mu/ h "o1 my rev]5d  bro!r1 
else y\r p>i% w be consid]$ ! wor/      
manag$ 9  ,france2 = ^! libr>ies are    
almo/ ev]y:]e 9 x4--,is  ?is true ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates8-- ,if x already exi/s1   
increase  x annually1 embelli% &        
complete x4 ,x br+s 9 a rev5ue4  ,c x be
 possible t y h no p>i% libr>y8 ,oh6 h[ 
difficult x is to propagate good ideas6 
,we sp5d money =  s*ools1 & invite ! _w 
to ! banquet ( sci5ce2 we  create       
appetites1 b :5 !y are will+ to eat1 we 
tell !m  !re is little or no?+ = !m4 ,we
 h s*ools = boys1  & = girls1 day1      
night1 & ,sunday-s*ools2 b :]e is !  use
 ( all ^! if !re is no?+ to read1 or    

no?+ b :at  is p]nici\s8 ,if we tea*    
*ildr5 to read1 we mu/ provide          
intellectual food = !m1 or %[ ourselves 
devoid ( logic1  reason1 good s5se1 &   
he>t4    ,to :om are we to look = !     
realization ( ! good ,abb's  plan 9 our 
c\ntry8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 to ! cl]gy4 ,!y
 are  our guides1 our fa!rs1 our lead]s 
9 e good ent]prise4  ,_! influ5ce is    
unlimit$4 ,probably 9 no c\ntry has a   
prie/  s mu* p[]1 or s _m opportunities 
( do+ good1 z 9 !  ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!    
politician may control sev]al ?\s&      
votes2  a brave g5]al may s infuse 8 own
 c\rage into ! he>ts (  8 soldi]s z to  
make !m c>ry ! fi]ce/ batt]y ) !  cold  
/eel4 ,b no "o c d z ! prie/4 ,on a     
,sunday1 f  8 pulpit or alt>1 he c1 9 a 
%ort disc\rse ( fifte5 or  tw5ty m9utes1
 influ5ce ! actions1 op5 ! purses1 &    
create ! _s ( en?usia/ic sacrifice 9 a  
:ole community4  ,he c build a *ur*2 he 
c f\nd a b5evol5t society2 surely  he c 
f\nd a p>i% or ,sunday-s*ool libr>y4 ,he
 kn[s !  ravages ( s\ls committ$ by     

non-,ca?olic p]iodical or o!r           
lit]ature4  #eej  ,he has only to say ! 
^w1 & he1 9 a great measure1 /ops  !m4  
,a s]mon on ! dang]s ( bad books w h its
  completion 9 ! f\nd+ or enl>g+ ( a    
p>i% libr>y1  fill$ ) good publications4
 ,:at an easy means ( prev5t+  s mu*    
evil6    ,b1 y say1 ! cl]gy h no "t4    
,und\bt$ly _! "t  is greatly tak5 up )  
p>o*ial duties4 ,9 our c\ntry1 bricks  &
 mort> are by necessity z famili> to !  
eye ( ! prie/1  z books ( !ology4 ,he   
has no "t to write2 v little "t  to     
read4 ,?is is true ( ! v5]able s5ior    
cl]gy4 ,b !y  ne$ n d m ?an give _!     
sanction to ! "w1 &  entru/ x to ! h&s (
 ! assi/ant1 or ( "s responsible        
layman4 ,a few words f ! pa/or1         
recomm5d+ ! libr>y1  & an occasional    
inspection ( its managem5t1 w be        
suffici5t4 ,! curate1 ^: duties are n ( 
s engross+ a  nature z ^? ( ! pa/or2 or 
"s good lay memb]s ( !  p>i%2 ! "y m5 ( 
a lit]>y or debat+ society2 or  memb]s (
 ! ,sa9t ,v9c5t de ,paul ,society2 or ! 

s*ool-tea*]1 or1 if ne$ be1 !           
s*oolmi/ress1 w d all  t is necess>y4 ,9
 _m p>i%es !re are libr>ies1 well       
conduct$1 well manag$1 & productive (   
imm5se moral &  intellectual b5efits    
among ! "y & old ( bo? sexes4 ,our      
read]s mu/ "k t !re are su* f _! own    
exp]i5ce4  ,x w1 !re=e1 require v little
 "t f ! pa/or to  h & to keep a p>i%    
libr>y 9 p]fect work+ ord]1  accord+ to 
rules laid d[n or sanction$ by himself4 
,no zeal\s  prie/1 :o has once kn[n !   
b5eficial results ( good family  & p>i% 
libr>ies among 8 flock1 w\ld all[ !m to 
be  neglect$2 or w\ld n become a *ampion
 ( our good cause4 ,we  ask1 !n1 9 ! "n 
( religion1 ( *>ity & morality2 by  !   
love ( our holy fai?1 & by ! zeal ( !   
apo/les1 t  all ! cl]gy1 "y & old1 %\ld 
put _! %\ld]s to !  :eel ) u1 & roll on 
! c> ( ,ca?olic progress1 :i*  c>ries 9 
x our ,ca?olic books & publications4    
,s _m hundr$ prie/s1 tal5t$ & le>n$1    
speak+ f s  _m hundr$ pulpits & alt>s1  
guid+ ! consci5ces ( s  _m millions (   

m51 are a p[] able to defeat all !      
productions ( a lic5ti\s press2 & if1   
unit$ by a common  zeal1 !y b lock h&s &
 pull toge!r1 !y _c fail to  realize !  
already quot$ expression ( our holy     
,fa!r1 ,pius  ,,ix41 speak+ ( ,france1  
to inundate ! c\ntry ) good             
publications4 ,we prie/s (t5 fail to    
realize our p[] &  influ5ce4    ,nor    
%\ld ! laity be idle4 ,9 ! day ( a      
nation's p]il1  says ,t]tullian1 e      
citiz5 becomes a soldi]2 9 ! great      
/ruggles ( ! fai?1 e ,*ri/ian becomes an
 apo/le4 ,let  ! sacr$ fire ( zeal pass 
f ! bosom ( ! prie/ to burn  9 ! brea/s 
( ! laity4 ,!re is a c]ta9 prie/hood ( !
  laity1 :i* !y d n suffici5tly und]/&4 
,!y are too  apt to be passive1 to let !
 prie/ d all ! labor1 & only  help him  
:5 call$ & urg$2 !y =get t piety & good 
works are z ess5tial to !m z to _!      
spiritual directors1  & t s f> f1 _!    
zeal be+ an intrusion on t (  !         
prie/hood1 x is an acceptable assi/ance4
 ,h[ _m a poor1  tir$ prie/ longs t "s  

good layman w\ld relieve him ( a        
portion ( 8 burd51 & enable him to be> !
 load &  responsibility ( 8 p>i%6 ,we   
call on ! laity1 !n1 to come  to !      
rescue3 help 9 ! cause ( ,god6  #eea    
,f\nd libr>ies2 or at any rate1 /ock a  
few %elves 9 y\r own  homes ) good books
 = y\rselves & y\r fri5ds or  *ildr54   
,become propag&i/s6 ,y propagate ! fai?2
 y aid  ! pope1 ! bi%ops1 & ! prie/s2 y 
are do+ a "w  acceptable to ,god1 :5 y  
help to spread good books or            
p]iodicals4 ,enc\rage o!rs by y\r       
example4 ,are y a "y  man8 ,engage o!rs 
) y 9 ! cause ( ,ca?olic lit]ature4  ,c 
y write8 ,h y a ready p58 ,:y n write a 
tract1 or a  good article = a ,ca?olic  
pap]8 or buy x & give to y\r  infidel or
 ,prote/ant neighbors8 ,y may save a s\l
 by giv+  t little tract4 ,y may save a 
s\l = "o c5t6 ,d n be  afraid because y 
are said to be too "y2 or1 if "s "o     
patroniz+ly in=ms y ( ! fact1 be sure y 
are "r1 &  t ,god is on y\r side2 !n g  
ahead4    ,he> h[ ! zeal\s ,montalemb]t 

answ]$ ! *>ge ( be+ a  "y man1 slurr+ly 
made aga9/ him by ,m4 ,villema91 9 !    
h\se ( pe]s1 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,philippe4  
,montalemb]t _h  be5 def5d+ ! lib]ty ( !
 *ur*4 ,i %all argue1  p]haps1 too      
ard5tly1 too w>mly1 ) t y\?ful vivacity 
(  :i* ! m9i/] ( public in/ruction &    
o!rs accuse me4  ,y\? is a fault ( :i*  
,i am daily correct+ myself4 ,i ?\ght   
myself already cur$ ( x1 until !        
honorable ,m4 ,villema9 told  me !      
contr>y1 & t ,i %all always rema9 a "y  
man 9  8 eyes4 7,laught]47 ,b besides ! 
y\? ( age :i* passes  away1 !re is ano!r
 y\?fulness = :i* ,i %all nev] make  an 
apology or def5ce2 x is ! y\?fulness (  
he>t &  c\rage inspir$ by a fai? ^:     
doctr9es nev] gr[ old1  because !y are  
immortal6 ,?is y\?fulness ( fai? is my  
happ9ess & glory2 & ,i hope nev] to     
excuse myself = x  be=e y4 ,inexp]i5ce  
is n always ! companion ( y\?4  ,"y     
prie/ or "y layman !n1 let y\r y\? (    
ye>s be  l t ( ,montalemb]t1 & n prev5t 
y f aid+ !  holy cause ( ! ,ca?olic     

press4    ,little leisure is !re=e      
requir$2 & we h und\bt$ly  pl5ty ( tal5t
 to write & give good books to !        
million2 to  e/abli% family1 *ildr5's1  
,sunday-s*ool1 or p>i% libr>ies4    ,!  
rules = ! special managem5t ( libr>ies  
are easily  f\nd4 ,ei!r obta9 ^? already
 9 use1 or obta9 a set ( new            
regulations f ! pa/or4 ,! regulations ( 
_m ( our  public libr>ies are us$ 9 _m  
,prote/ant ,sunday-s*ool  libr>ies4 ,=  
false religions "k to use ! press2 &    
,prote/ants "k well ! influ5ce :i* _!   
religi\s  j\rnals1 p]iodicals1 tracts1 &
 o!r publications ex]cise on  ! m9ds (  
bo? "y & old4 ,we c]ta9ly ought n to be 
beh9d ! propag&i/s ( error 9 our        
propag&ism ( tru?4  ,we ne$ n1 !re=e1   
specify any sy/em ( rules = !  ma9t5ance
 ( good ord] 9 ! case ( libr>ies4 ,any  
libr>ian  w easily f9d regulations t h  
be5 f\nd to "w  successfully4    ,a m   
grave difficulty ?an t ( f9d+ rules to  
manage a  libr>y is t ( obta9+ ! money  
to create x4 ,money is !  ma9-/ay & !   

backbone ( ,ca?olic publications4 ,if x 
be !  s9ews ( w>1 x is c]ta9ly ! life ( 
! press4 ,unless !  public pays ! au?or1
 he w n write2 & y _c collect  books )\t
 money to pur*ase !m4 ,a h>d-work$ prie/
 w  say1 ,i h en\gh to d to raise money 
to build my *ur*1 or  s*ool1 or p>o*ial 
h\se1 )\t sp5d+ x on books4  #eeb  ,!   
layman w say1 ,y are always begg+4 ,we  
_c give =  ev]y?+2 & ,i h no ca% to sp>e
 = y\r magaz9e1 =  y\r tracts1 or y\r   
books1 = ,i h to give x = ! new  *ur*1  
or ! new s*ool1 or ! new prie/'s h\se4  
,9 answ] to ?is difficulty1 we obs]ve1  
fir/ly1 t a  libr>y1 or collection (    
books1 is almo/ ( equal importance1  9  
"s respects m important1 ?an a s*ool or 
a h\se2  secondly1 a p>i% libr>y co/s b 
a trifle1 :i* w n be  miss$ ei!r by     
prie/ or p4    ,let u he>1 be=e develop+
 our answ]1 h[ ! good ,abb  ,mullois1 ^:
 _s inspires ! :ole ( is article1       
resolves  ! objection 9 ,l',ami du      
,jeune ,cl]g1 = ,may & ,june1  #ahfg3   
,we "k a man1 says he1 :o has giv5 away 

9 f\r ye>s     =ty-two ?\s&             
volumes6--,w\ld any "o 9 ,am]ica     d  
?is8--,a zeal\s woman 9 ,p>is gives six 
( eight ?\s&     francs ye>ly to help   
,ca?olic publications2 & aft] s5d+     e
 package ( good books = di/ribution1 %e 
is sure to     receive lett]s ( ?is k9d3
 ',madam1 ,i h he>d ( y\r     great     
*>ity2 y h s5t books to su* a place2 !y 
7     lik$1 & s int]e/+ t ev]ybody want$
 "o to read4     ,!y did mu* good4 ,w\ld
 y be k9d en\gh to s5d me "s8'      ,!  
,society ( ,/4 ,francis de ,sales gives 
tw5ty-five or ?irty ?\s& francs annually
    = ?is purpose2 ! society = !        
amelioration & propagation ( good books 
sp5ds fifty ?\s& francs a ye> 9 !    "w4
 ,x is n books1 !re=e1 t are    want+4  
,let !m be s\ght1 & !y w    be f\nd4 ,:y
 are !re s _m corrupt    publications8  
because !y f9d read]s4 ,let    u make   
read]s ( good publications by do+    our
 duty4      ,9 ord] to beg9 a libr>y1   
?irty1 =ty1 or fifty francs     w d4 ,a 
good pa/or ( ! diocese ( ,soissons tells

 u !     way 9 :i* he rais$ ! funds to  
f\nd a libr>y1 9 !     foll[+ t]ms3 ',i 
want$ to e/abli% ?is good "w 9 my       
p>i%1 b money 0 ! difficulty4 ,i soon   
conqu]$ x4 ,on     ,sun ,i prea*$ on !  
necessity ( education 9 g5]al2 & ,i     
told my p>i%ion]s t1 if !y want$ to be  
educat$1 ,i     c\ld furni% !m ab\t     
fifty volumes = ?irty francs1 to        
make a beg9n+4 ,b h[ 0 ,i to get ! ?irty
 francs8 ,let     ?irty p]sons give me a
 franc apiece4 ,?is w enable me to      
f\nd a libr>y1 & y w be able to read all
 y\r life     = "o franc6 ,next day1    
=ty-five p]sons subscrib$1     &        
?irty-five paid ! ca% d[n4 ,! o!rs w pay
 dur+     ! ye>4'    ,:5 we rememb] t a 
franc is ab\t equal to a qu>t]-doll>  ( 
our curr5cy2 we1 :o are accu/om$ to give
 doll>s by !  t5s & tw5ties = e         
collection1 w smile at !  navet ( ! bon 
cur & ! mode/y ( 8  reque/4    ,he helps
 u1 h[ev]1 to answ] our own difficulty4 
,f all t  we h writt5 conc]n+ ! p]nici\s
 influ5ce ( bad  publications1 & !      

necessity ( c\nt]act+ x by good ones1  x
 foll[s t a good libr>y 9 a p>i%1 )     
read+  p>i%ion]s1 is almo/ z important z
 a good s*ool4 ,9 fact1  :at good is !  
s*ool1 if1 aft] leav+ x1 our *ildr5 h   
no read+-room1 no good books1 to keep up
 ! remembrance (  :at 0 le>n$ 9         
*ildhood8 ,x is aft] 8 s*ool days1 t  ! 
"y man meets all ! great p]ils ( 8 fai? 
&  morality4 ,x is !n "y wom5 want good 
books to read1 in/ead  ( ! yell[-cov]$  
tra%1 or pictorial1 s5sational s]ials1  
ov] :i* y may f9d ! "y ( bo? sexes      
gloat+ ( a  ,sunday aft]noon1 or ( a    
ra9y night1 wa/+ _! heal? (  body & m9d 
9 ?is midnight p]usal4 ,! cause1 !n1 (  
,ca?olic publications1 ( ,ca?olic       
tracts1 ( ! ,ca?olic press1  is ! cause 
( religion itself4 ,we are n exagg]at+2 
we are  only giv+ x t place among !     
means ( pres]v+ &  propagat+ fai? & good
 morals :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1  speak+   
?r\gh ! m\? ( ! supreme pontiff &       
bi%ops1  give x4    #eec    ,a good book
 9 ! h\se is a gu>dian angel4 ,x has !  

voice (  a prie/1 & ! tongue (          
inspiration4 ,x speaks & enlight5s  !   
intellect2 x w>ms ! he>t1 & fills ! m9d 
) good  ?\ghts1 & ! imag9ation ) holy   
images4 ,x speaks 9 !  sil5ce ( ! night1
 z well z 9 ! effulg5ce ( ! day1  & its 
impressions pass f ! writt5 pages to be 
engrav$  = ev] on ! s\l ( ! read]4      
,:at a trifle to f\nd a libr>y6 ,:o     
objects to give x8 ,we d  n say m]ely   
?irty francs1 l ! p>i% prie/ ( !        
diocese ( ,soissons4 ,we suit ! sum to !
 g5]\s & weal?y  "* ( ! p4 ,= our poor p
 are weal?y comp>$  ) ! poor ( ,europe4 
,fifty p]sons giv+ a doll> apiece  c\ld 
lay ! f\ndation ( a libr>y t might gr[ 9
 !  c\rse ( "t into great magnitude &   
celebrity4 ,by clubb+  toge!r1 exp5ses  
are always dim9i%$4 ,x is ! cu/om1 z we 
"k1 ( ,ca?olic publi%]s1 z well ( all   
booksell]s1 to make  a r$uction 9 price 
:5 a l>ge quantity ( books is b\ght4 ,a 
small tax ( "o or two c5ts a week on    
books l5t f !  libr>y br+s gradually a  
l>ge rev5ue1 :i* enables !  libr>ian to 

increase 8 /ore4 ,:at p>i% w\ld miss    
fifty  doll>s8 ,:at prie/ or p begrudge 
x = s good a purpose8  ,!n let ! "w be  
und]tak51 :]e x has n yet be5 begun2  & 
progress ) r5ew$ zeal1 :]e !re has      
already be5 made  a beg9n+4    ,let !   
pulpits r+2 give at lea/ "o s]mon 9     
favor ( ?is  good cause6 ,bro!rs ( !    
cl]gy1 vet]ans ^: hair has gr[n  gray 9 
! *ur* militant2 y "k t we d n exagg]ate
  ! importance ( ,ca?olic publications 9
 ! battle ( our holy  fai? aga9/ !      
devil1 ! fle% & ! _w2 we appeal to  y6  
,"y ,levites1 fre% f y\r s*ool glories1 
d n =get  y\r projects = ,god's honor & 
= ! spread ( 8 holy  fai?2 we ask y\r   
succor also4 ,& y1 ov]-task$ yet g5]\s  
laity1 ev] ready to respond joyfully to 
a call made on y\r  fai? or y\r *>ity1  
we ask y1 too1 to int]e/ y\rselves 9  ! 
cause ( ,ca?olic publications4 ,we ask  
all to unite ) ,god1  ) ! *ur*1 ) !     
supreme pontiff & ! episcopate1 9       
fur!r+ ! "w ( ! ,ca?olic press1 ,ca?olic
 books1  ,ca?olic lit]ature ( e         

description2 f ! tract or  little tale1 
! ,sunday-s*ool pap]1 to ! pond]\s      
!ological or philosophical folio4 ,god w
 cr[n our "w4 ,he  asks b our cordial   
coop]ation4 ,success mu/ !re=e foll[    
our ef=ts2 = if ,god is = u1 :o c )/& u8
 ,si  ,deus pro nob is1 quis contra nos8
    ,! necessity ( a ,sunday-s*ool      
libr>y no "o disputes4 ,b  h[ am ,i to  
get "o8 says ! pa/or4    ,make a beg9n+4
 ,buy ,ca?olic tales1 biographies1 & !  
small] class ( books :i* are popul>     
among *ildr54 ,m  co/ly books c be add$ 
aft]w>d4    ,at fir/ give books to ! m  
advanc$ classes z a rew>d =  good       
lessons1 good conduct1 etc4 ,z ! libr>y 
increases1 !  privilege c be ext5d$ till
 x embraces e class capable (  pr(it+ by
 x4    ,b h[ is ! libr>y to be support$ 
& enl>g$8 ,take up a  collection e      
,sunday at ! *ildr5's ,mass1 z is done 9
  _m *ur*es 9 ?is city & else:]e1 :]e   
good libr>ies  are already 9 exi/5ce4   
,?is w n only create a fund  suffici5t  
to su/a9 & enl>ge ! libr>y1 b w also    

give  ! *ildr5 ! habit ( contribut+ to !
 support (  religion1 :i* w be ( !      
greate/ b5efit to !m 9 aft]  life4  #eed
  ,?is plan has be5 successfully tri$2 !
 *ildr5 h be5  able to support & /eadily
 enl>ge ! libr>y1 & h also  giv5        
lib]ally to o!r *>itable objects4       
,aga91 ,:5 & h[ %all ! books be         
di/ribut$8 ,a v  successful me?od is !  
foll[+3    ,numb] ! classes 9 !         
,sunday-s*ool4 ,divide ! libr>y into  z 
_m sections or alcoves z y h classes4   
,!re mu/ be at  lea/ z _m books 9 ea*   
alcove z !re are s*ol>s 9 any  class4 ,a
 sep>ate catalogue ( ea* alcove %\ld be 
made &  designat$ z section ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 
etc4    ,erasive tablets may be easily  
procur$4 ,on "o side may be  writt5 !   
names & numb]s ( ! books 9 ea* section1 
&  ! o!r side us$ to record ! numb]s ( !
 books select$4  ,?is be+ done1 aft] !  
,sunday-s*ool is op5$1 let !  libr>ian  
or assi/ant give a catalogue ( a section
 to ea*  class2 section ,a to class #a1 
section ,b to class #b1 etc4    ,!      

tea*]s w !n select books = ! class1 &   
m>k !  numb]s on ! tablet4 ,! libr>ian  
collects ! tablets &  c>ries to ea*     
class ! books select$4 ,! tea*] notes ! 
numb] ( ! book aga9/ ! "n ( ! *ild :o   
receives x  9 8 class-book4 ,! next     
,sunday1 let ! books be fir/  collect$ &
 return$ to _! places4 ,! catalogues are
 !n  giv5 out4 ,^? :o *ose f selection  
,a be=e1 %\ld n[  h section ,b1 & s on 9
 rotation4 ,?us all w 9 turn  select f  
ea* section ( ! libr>y1 & ! books are   
di/ribut$ 9 a %ort "t1 )\t noise or     
confusion4    ,h[ %all ! books be       
select$8 ,?is is n an easy task4 ,_m  h 
be5 det]r$ f />t+ a libr>y on acc\nt ( !
  difficulty 9 mak+ ?is selection4 ,9   
view ( ?is1 we h  prep>$ a catalogue    
suitable = a p>o*ial & ,sunday-s*ool    
libr>y1 :i* ! read] c f9d 9 our adv]tis+
 pages4  ,^! are put d[n at ! l[e/ t]ms1
 & are select$ )  c>e1 z ! mo/ suitable 
to make a beg9n+ )4 ,z funds  increase1 
o!rs c be add$ f "t to "t4    --------  
,! ,com$y ,( ,convocation4 ,footnote #ed

        ,footnote #ed3 ,! ,com$y (      
,convocation 9 ! ,engli%      ,*ur*1 9  
,two ,sc5es4 ,edit$ by ,ar*deacon       
,*asuble1      ,d4,d4 #hvo1 pp4 #ace4   
,london3 ,william ,freeman4      ,satire
 )\t bitt]ness or rancor is a ph5om5on 9
 lit]ature  ( :i* ! _w has se5 few      
examples1 & g5u9e1 religi\s  satire has 
be5 s r>e1 t we c h>dly recall a s+le   
unexceptionable specim54 ,!re 0 a day1  
to be sure1 :5 e  poet held x a "p ( 8  
pr(ession to lac]ate ) ! weapon  ( 8    
wit1 or ) ! rhym$ invective :i* too (t5 
pass$  = wit1 :atev] cre$ happ5$ at ! "t
 to be mo/  unpopul>4 ,"s few ev5 ( !   
great ma/]s ( v]se1 l  ,dryd5 & ,butl]1 
tr5*$ ^u ! doma9 ( religi\s  controv]sy2
 b ,dryd5's ,h9d & ,pan!r & ,religio    
,laici are r dogmatical poems ?an       
satires1 & ,butl]'s  ,hudibras1 :i* is  
pure satire1 is aim$ less at a  religi\s
 sect ?an at a political p>ty4  #eee    
,"h we h1 h[ev]1 a prose satire 9 !     
,*ur* ( ,engl&1  :i* is "o ( ! mo/      
admirable specim5s ( t class (          

lit]ature 9 our own or any o!r language4
 ,x is %>p )\t  unk9dness2 x conta9s n a
 syllable ( invective2 x is  hone/2 x is
 logical2 ! wit is radiant2 ! fun is    
ov]p[]+2 & ! application is irresi/ible4
 ,volumes c\ld  n expose ! prepo/]\s    
errors ( ,anglicanism ) half !  effect  
produc$ by ?is little pamphlet4 ,!      
tr\bles &  p]plexities ( ! ,engli%      
div9es1 ! absurdities ( ! privy  c\ncil1
 ! purposeless debates ( convocations1 !
 conflict (  beliefs1 ! unc]ta9ty (     
dogmas1 ! va9 !ories ( deans  & doctors1
 ! d>kness1 ! wav]+1 ! inconsi/5cy1 !   
worldl9ess ( ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 are     
pictur$ 9 ?is little  com$y to ! v life4
 ,its appe>ance has creat$ 9 ,london a  
pr(\nd s5sation4 ,anglicans are sm>t+ "u
 ! exposure1  & ev]ybody else is laugh+ 
at ! ludicr\s exhibition4 ,!  au?or%ip  
is unkn[n1 b we are incl9$ to believe t 
!  curr5t rumor :i* ascribes x to ,dr4  
,j4 ,h4 ,newman is well  f\nd$4 ,we d\bt
 :e!r !re is ano!r man 9 ,engl& capable 
( writ+ x4    ,! ,dramatis ,p]sonae     

embrace a numb] ( deans1  ar*deacons1 & 
less] ecclesia/ical dignit>ies1 & ! fir/
  sc5e takes place 9 ! ,j]usalem ,*amb]1
 :]e ,convocation  is 9 session4        
,doctor ,easy rose to propose ! "q ( :i*
 he _h giv5    notice at ! previ\s sitt+
 ( ,con ',w\ld x be consid]$    h]esy 9 
! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to d5y ! exi/5ce (     
,god8'    ,x _h occurr$ to him t he     
%\ld1 p]haps1 adopt a =m    m conv5i5t =
 ! pres5t debate1 if he put ! "q    ?us3
 ',w\ld a cl]gyman1 op5ly tea*+ t !re 0 
no    ,god1 be liable to susp5sion8'    
,ar*deacon ,jolly ?\ght n4 ,:at ! ,*ur* 
( ,engl&    especially prid$ h]self ^u 0
 ! bread? ( h] views4 ,no    view c\ld  
be broad] ?an ! "o j /at$1 & !re=e1     
none m likely to meet ) ! sanction ( !  
privy    c\ncil1 :i*1 he appreh5d$1 0 ! 
real po9t to be kept    9 view 9 !      
discussion ( ?is int]e/+ "q4 7,he>1     
he>47      ,dean ,blunt concurr$ 9 !    
op9ion t bread? & ! privy    c\ncil 7   
k9dr$ ideas4 ,/ill1 x might be ask$1    
c\ld    ev5 ! doctr9al ela/icity ( t    

tribunal become    suffici5tly expansive
 to embrace ! enorm\s hypo!sis (    8   
le>n$ fri5d8 ,he v5tur$ to ?9k t x c\ld4
 ,let x    be suppos$ t "s cl]gym5 ( !  
,*ur* ( ,engl&--say    ! ,ar*bi%op (    
,cant]bury--%\ld publicly tea* t !re    
0 no ,god4 ,! case be+ br\ght be=e !    
privy c\ncil1 x    might be reasonably  
assum$ t t supreme arbit] (    ,anglican
 doctr9e w\ld deliv] "s su* judgm5t z ! 
foll[+3        ',we f9d t ! ,*ur* (     
,engl& is n oppos$ to !      exi/5ce ( a
 ,god4 ,at ! same "t1 we _c ov]look !   
fact t ! n9ete5? article1 9 affirm+ t   
all      *ur*es1 ev5 ! apo/olic1 h err$ 
9 matt]s ( fai?1      obvi\sly implies t
 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& may err also 9      ! 
same way4 ,!re=e ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& may   
err 9      tea*+ t !re is a ,god4 ,we   
conclude1 t :il/1 on      ! "o h&1 !    
ar*bi%op has tak5 an extreme or         
"o-sid$ view ( ! tea*+ ( ! *ur*2 on !   
o!r1      = ! reason assign$1 x is      
und\bt$ly op5 to e      cl]gyman ei!r to
 believe 9 or to d5y ! exi/5ce ( a      

,god4'      ,ar*deacon ,!ory w\ld be    
dispos$ cordially to approve !          
judgm5t :i* ! le>n$ dean anticipat$4 ,he
 _h always    ma9ta9$ t x 0 ! duty ( e  
,anglican to    d\bt ! exi/5ce ( ,god4  
7,upro>47  #eef    ,let him n be        
misund]/ood4 ,speak+ = himself1 he _h a 
moral & intellectual conviction t !re 0 
a ,god4 ,he 0    n disput+ ! objective  
tru? ( ! exi/5ce ( a ,god3    ab\t t he 
c\ld n suppose t a s+le memb] (         
,convocation c\ld ent]ta9 ! mo/         
transitory d\bt4 ,he 0    speak+ only ( 
_! duty z memb]s ( ! ,*ur* (    ,engl&1 
& n at all ( _! obligation z ,*ri/ians2 
two    ?+s :i* might happ5 9 a p>ticul> 
case to be z wide    ap>t z ! poles1 &  
to involve di/9ct & opposite            
responsibilities4 ,n[1 z memb]s ( !     
,*ur* ( ,engl&1 he    believ$ x 0 _!    
duty to d\bt1 n only ! exi/5ce (        
,god1 b also e sep>ate article :i* !    
,*ur* (    ,engl& n[ taught1 or might   
tea* h]eaft]2 & ! m    emphatically !   
,*ur* ( ,engl& appe>$ to tea*1 ! m      

imp]ative 0 _! duty to d\bt4 ,=1 ref]r+ 
to !    +5i\s argum5t :i* ,dean ,blunt  
_h put into ! m\? (    _! national      
oracle1 x 0 cle> t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&    9
 d5y+ h] own infallibility1 laid all h] 
memb]s "u    ! religi\s obligation (    
d\bt+ ev]y?+ %e taught4    ,fallibility1
 prop]ly def9$1 0 n simply liability to 
err1    x 0 ! /ate ( error4 ,z          
infallibility is a /ate    ( c]ta9ty1   
:i* does n admit ( error2 s fallibility 
is    a /ate ( d\bt :i* does n admit (  
conviction4 ,n[1 !    ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 
proclaim+ h] own fallibility1 did s    )
 a p]emptor9ess :i* elevat$ ?is "p ( h] 
tea*+1    & ?is alone1 to ! dignity (   
dogma4 ,=1 :]eas1 9    prop\nd+ o!r     
,anglican t5ets1 %e s adju/$ h]         
def9itions ( doctr9e z to leave ! *oice 
( possible &    opposite int]pretations 
to ! discretion ( h] memb]s2 :5         
speak+ ( ?is1 ! fundam5tal axiom ( h]   
:ole    !ological sy/em1 %e rose = !    
mom5t to ! au?ority (    a tea*]1 &     
cons5t$ to put on ! robe (              

infallibility1 9 ord] to promulgate )   
great] =ce !    dogma ( h] own liability
 to error4    ,"h is ! key to ! fir/    
sc5e4 ,! discussion is ma9ta9$  at      
consid]able l5g?1 & c>ries u ov] ! :ole 
gr\nd (  ! au?ority ( ! ,engli% *ur* to 
tea* div9e tru?2 & 9  ! c\rse ( x1 "s   
repres5tative ( ea* ( ! mo/  prom95t    
s*ools ( !ological op9ion 9 ! e/abli%m5t
  takes occasion to express 8 m9d4 ,dr4 
,viewy holds t s9ce  h]esy is ! *oice ( 
"o's cre$1 z oppos$ to ! submission  ( !
 w to au?ority1 no ,anglican c be guilty
 ( h]esy :o  obeys ! tea*+s ( 8         
ecclesia/ical sup]iors2 & h5ce1  9 !    
,*ur* ( ,engl&1 x might be              
conditionally1 b  c\ld n be necess>ily1 
h]esy to d5y ! exi/5ce (  ,god4 ,z t    
*ur* is taunt$ by h] enemies ) hold+ &  
reject+ e imag9able cre$1 ! only safe   
c\rse = a  cl]gyman is to c5tre ! :ole (
 8 ob$i5ce 9 t "o  bi%op or rector1 "u  
:om1 = ! "t be+1 he may f9d  himself    
plac$4      ,9 o!r words1 s9ce to obey  
any two ecclesia/ical    au?orities at !

 same mom5t involv$ ! risk ( be+        
pron\nc$ a h]etic by ei!r "o or !       
o!r--because no two    cl]gym5 are      
exactly ( ! same belief--! only         
effective    safegu>d aga9/ !           
possibility ( h]esy 0 p]sonal    ob$i5ce
 to "o cl]gyman at a "t4 ,:5 fir/ orda9$
 to    ! (fice ( ! diaconate1 f :i* he  
_h be5    subsequ5tly elevat$ to unm]it$
 dignities1 he f\nd himself    9 !      
diocese ( a l[-*ur* bi%op--he might say 
a v    l[-*ur* bi%op--s l[ t any fur!r  
desc5t into !    regions ( a purely     
negative !ology w\ld h left no          
doctr9al residuum :atev]4  #eeg    ,he  
at once decid$1 9 virtue ( 8 pr9ciple ( 
ob$i5ce to    au?ority1 to tea* 8 flock 
! religion ( 8 bi%op1    :i*1 by c>eful 
analysis1 he resolv$ into two articles (
    belief--! d5ial ( dogma1 & !        
ass]tion ( self4 7,dean    ,pomp\s      
audibly :isp]$1 ',highly unbecom+4'7 ,b 
"h he    _h met ) a difficulty 9 />t+2 =
 x happ5$ t 8    rector 0 a ,puseyite2 &
 t1 consequ5tly1 9 ! ma91    :atev] !   

bi%op taught to be true1 ! rector taught
 to be    false1 & :atev] ! bi%op taught
 to be false1 ! rector    taught to be  
true4 ,! case1 z convocation knew1 0 s  
common    9 ?is c\ntry1 z to =m1 p]haps1
 ! rule 9 a majority (    p>o*ial cures4
 ,8 pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 sugge/$ an easy    
escape f ! emb>rass+ position4 ,he      
appli$ x ?us3    manife/ly m ob$i5ce 0  
due to a bi%op ?an to a rector2    yet a
 c]ta9 quantum ( ob$i5ce 0 due to a     
rector1    if only because a bi%op _h   
appo9t$ him4 ,x became1 s to    speak1 a
 "q ( proportion r ?an ( !ology1 &    0 
soluble1 n by ! ?irty-n9e articles1 b by
 ! rule    ( ?ree2 &1 aft] work+ x out )
 religi\s c>e1 !    foll[+ comm5d$      
itself to him z ! solution ( !          
problem4 ,he w\ld prea* l[-*ur* doctr9es
 on ! ,sundays1    d5y+ ! sacram5tal    
view & all its consequ5ces1 z !         
homage ( cl]ical ob$i5ce due to ! bi%op2
 b he w\ld    tea* high-*ur* doctr9es   
dur+ ! week1 )\t abat+ a    s+le t5et1 9
 dis*>ge ( ! proportionate measure (    

ob$i5ce due to ! rector4 ,?is practice  
gave rise1 he 0    b\nd to admit1 to "s 
excitem5t 9 ! p>i%1 & l$ to    ! popul> 
conviction t1 h[ev] excell5t 8 tea*+    
might be 9 detail1 !re 0 a want ( unity 
ab\t x :5    look$ at z a :ole4 ,yet :5 
he expla9$ to 8 p>i%ion]s    ! purity ( 
! motive :i* induc$ ! app>5t            
contradictions1 & prov$ to !m t 8 duplex
 sy/em 0    design$ only to reflect     
ju/ly & proportionately ! two    aspects
 ( ,*ri/ianity exhibit$ by _! bi%op & _!
    rector1 ! :ole p>i% at once applaud$
 ! delicacy ( 8    consci5ce1 :ile x    
ceas$ n to "q ! value ( 8    tea*+4 ,& s
 ?+s w5t on ) tol]able h>mony = !       
space ( a ye>2 :51 unhappily1 bo? !     
bi%op & !    rector di$ ab\t ! same "t2 
! =m] be+ quickly    replac$ by a       
high-*ur* bi%op1 appo9t$ by a fri5d 9 ! 
cab9et1 & ! latt] by a l[-*ur* rector1  
nom9at$ by    ,mr4 ,simeon's tru/ees4 ,x
 n[ became 8 duty1 9 consi/5cy    ) 8   
pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce to p]sonal au?ority1 
to    inv]t ! ord] & portion ( 8 tea*+4 

,he w\ld cont9ue    to give ! ,sundays  
to ! bi%op1 & ! week-days to !          
rector2 b on ,sundays he mu/ n[ be a    
,puseyite1 & on    week-days an         
,evangelical2 & ?is simple inv]sion1 s  
equitable 9 itself1 & inspir$ solely by 
! desire (    submitt+ himself to 8     
sup]iors1 creat$ su* discord 9    !     
p>i%1 t f9ally he 0 entreat$1 z ! only  
means (    re/or+ peace1 to resign 8    
cure ( s\ls4      ,dean ,pliable        
concurr$1 9 ! ma91 ) ! pr9ciple ( !     
le>n$ div9e :o _h j resum$ 8 seat1 t    
ob$i5ce to    au?ority 0 ! fir/ duty ( a
 cl]gyman2 b he utt]ly    diff]$ f him 9
 8 application ( ! pr9ciple1 :i*        
appe>$ to him to be equally s]vile &    
injudici\s4  #eeh    ,t pr9ciple he     
conceiv$ to be mo/ effectually c>ri$    
out1    n by abject submission to ?is   
bi%op or t1 ?is rector or    t--:i*     
might be bo? possible & conv5i5t1 if1 9 
!    ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 z 9 ! ,*ur* (      
,rome1 e bi%op &    e rector taught !   
same ,*ri/ianity--b 9 ! l>g]    & nobl] 

aim ( fai?fully repres5t+ at "o & ! same
    "t all ! ,*ri/ianities taught by all
 ! bi%ops    & all ! rectors ( ! ,*ur* (
 ,engl&4 ,9 o!r words1    s9ce e "o     
confess$ t x 0 impossible to tea* a     
uni=m !ology 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ^:     
highe/    tribunal _h rul$ t h] cl]gy   
might tea* ei!r (    two opposite       
doctr9es--& !re=e bo? alt]nately--he 0  
br\ght to ! conviction t ! only c\rse   
op5 to    ,anglicans solicit\s ab\t     
!oretical unity 0 to pr(ess at    ! same
 mom5t e doctr9e held )9 _! communion1 &
    all _! contradictories4 7,great     
upro>3 a well-kn[n prea*]    0 he>d to  
exclaim--,he w\ld conv]t u into         
ecclesia/ical    acrobats47      ,dean  
,critical inquir$1 ) a t\* ( irony 9 8  
voice &    mann]--',c\ld any ( 8 rev]5d 
fri5ds und]take to in=m    him :at 0 !  
au?ority ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&8' ,hi!rto   
! debate _h gone only to %[ :at x 0 n4  
,dr4 ,!ory    _h ma9ta9$ t !re 0 no su* 
?+4 ,dr4 ,viewy & ,dean    ,pliable _h  
ea* ( !m prov$ t x did n reside 9 !     

bi%ops & cl]gy1 unless1 inde$1 x might  
be suppos$ to    exi/ 9 equal measure 9 
e "o ( !m2 b1 z !y 7    unhappily 9     
direct opposition to "o ano!r on _m     
fundam5tal doctr9es1 ?is 0 equival5t to 
say+ t    no au?ority to decide ,*ri/ian
 doctr9e exi/$ 9 !    ,*ur* ( ,engl&4   
,if !re really 7 any su* au?ority1      
convocation c\ld h>dly be m usefully    
employ$ ?an 9    def9+ its nature & fix+
 its limits4      ,ar*deacon ,jolly     
obs]v$1 )\t ris+ f 8 seat--',:at    say 
y to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury8' 7,"s    
laught]1 :i*    0 imm$iately suppress$47
      ,dean ,critical rem9d$ ! v5]able  
ar*deacon t !    ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury 
0 n allud$ to 9 _!    =mul>ies 9 any su*
 "*1 & fe>$1 x mu/ be said    )\t       
disrespect1 t he _h no m p[] to det]m9e 
a    disput$ po9t ( doctr9e ?an 8       
amiable lady1 ^:    hospitality _m ( !m 
_h enjoy$4 ,x 0 a lam5table fact    t 8 
,grace _h no m au?ority ov] ! p (       
,engl&1 nor ov] a s+le individual out ( 
8 own h\sehold1    ?an 444 7a voice     

exclaim$1 '! ,k+ ( ! ,s&wi*    ,isl&s1' 
a sugge/ion :i* 0 greet$ ) m+l$ applause
    & disapprobation47      ,ar*deacon  
,jolly3 ,well1 !n1 h] ,maje/y ! ,que51  
:om !    *ur* admits to be 'supreme' 9  
all causes1 spiritual z well    z       
temporal8      ,dean ,critical c\ld n   
=get t h] ,maje/y1 9 :om !y    recogniz$
 a model ( e ,*ri/ian virtue1 frequ5t$1 
indiff]5tly1 ,presbyt]ian meet+-h\ses & 
! *ur*es (    _! own communion4 ,if1    
!re=e1 z ! law appe>$ to    admit1 !    
au?ority ( ! ,anglican ,*ur* resid$ 9 h]
    royal p]son1 x foll[$ t ! ,we/m9/]  
,confession &    ! ,?irty-n9e ,articles 
7 equally true1 & t e    ,anglican 0    
also a ,presbyt]ian4      ,ar*deacon    
,jolly3 ',h[ ab\t ! ,privy ,c\ncil8 ,if 
x be !    ultimate judge ( doctr9e1 mu/ 
x n be ! au?ority =    :i* y are seek+8'
    #eei      ,dean ,critical ?\ght n1  
because 9 fact1 ! sum ( its    decisions
 am\nt$ to ?is--t ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&      
taught    no?+ & d5i$ no?+1 :i* 0       
equival5t to say+ t    %e believ$ no?+4 

,a tribunal :i* decid$ 9 e case (       
disput$ doctr9e1 z ! privy c\ncil       
inv>iably did1 t    bo? ! pla9tiff &    
def5dant 7 "r1 0 a judicial    curiosity
 t c\ld h>dly be said to af=d ! litigant
    p>ties mu* assi/ance 9 br++ _! cause
 to an issue4    ,! privy c\ncil might  
be an au?ority ov] ! ,*ur*    ( ,engl&1 
^: decisions ! latt] 0 oblig$ to        
receive2    b no "o c\ld s]i\sly ma9ta9 
t x 0 an au?ority to    :i* any         
,anglican1 ( :atev] p>ty 9 ! *ur*1      
pr(ess$    to submit 8 consci5ce 9      
matt]s ( fai?4      ,ar*deacon ,jolly3  
',w y accept convocation z y\r          
au?ority8' 7,l\d laught]1 ) cries (     
'%ame' f ,dean    ,pomp\s47      ,dean  
,critical regrett$ t he c\ld n accept   
convocation    9 ! "* ( an ,anglican    
,holy ,see3 because1 to say    no?+ ( ! 
g5]al feel+ ( ! c\ntry1 & !    malici\s 
comm5ts ( ! public press1 :i* appe>$ to 
treat    !m ) d]ision1 & talk$ ( _!     
'danc+ r\nd a    may-pole1' 8 own       
obs]vation ( ! proce$+s ( t    assembly 

dissuad$ him f any su* view4 ,mu*       
exp]i5ce _h    br\ght him to ! sorr[ful 
conviction t convocation 0    only a    
cl]ical debat+-club1 ( :i* e memb] took 
himself = ! pope1 & ! *ur* = 8 pupil4   
,ar*deacon ,jolly3 ',might x be p]mitt$ 
to sugge/ !    =mul>ies8'      ,dean    
,critical3 ,s supple & ela/ic 9 _!      
nature z to be    sworn to ) equal      
facility bo? by ^? :o claim to 'hold    
all ,roman doctr9e' & ^? :o prote/ aga9/
 x4      ,ar*deacon ,jolly3 ',well1 !re 
are /ill ! ?irty-n9e    articles4'      
,dean ,critical3 ,?irty-n9e op9ions1 "o 
( :i*    decl>es ( all o!rs1 t !y are   
human & fallible4      ,ar*deacon ,jolly
 did n "k t he c\ld (f] any fur!r       
sugge/ion1 b1 at lea/1 "o ( ! articles  
decl>$1 '!    *ur* ha? au?ority 9 matt]s
 ( fai?4'      ,dean ,critical 0 n      
unm9dful ( ! fact1 :i* _h always        
appe>$ to him to be a device ( ! fram]s 
to express ?is    idea3 ',we admit t !  
*ur* we are =m+ has no    au?ority1 b we
 recognize t if x 7 a *ur*1 x    w\ld h 

au?ority4' ,= x %\ld be obs]v$ t    :ile
 !y said1 '! *ur* ha? au?ority1' !y at  
! same "t enjo9$ ! cl]gy n to believe a 
s+le ^w    %e taught !m1 unless !y f\nd 
_! own int]pretation (    ! ,scriptures 
to agree ) h]s6 ,?us !y made ! ,*ur* (  
,engl& say to all h] memb]s3 ',if y %\ld
 accid5tally be    "r 9 y\r             
int]pretation ( ! ,bible1 put t d[n     
to me1 = ,i am ! *ur* t tea*es y2 b if1 
:i* is f> m probable1 y %\ld be wrong1  
put t d[n    to y\rself1 = ,i h w>n$ y  
to believe 9 no?+ :i*    y _c prove =   
y\rself out ( ! ,bible4' 7',he>1 he>1'  
f ! ,rev4 ,lav5d] ,kidds47    ,?is ,rev4
 ,lav5d] ,kidds is ! comic man ( !      
drama4 ,8 "o  pr9ciple is ,bible        
,*ri/ianity1 8 "o passion a dread ( !   
pope4      ,! ,rev4 ,lav5d] ,kidds 7:o  
seem$ mu* excit$1 & rose    amid/ cries 
( 'ord]1 ord]1' & consid]able laught]7  
obs]v$ t he n[ assi/$ = ! fir/ "t at !  
assembly ( convocation1 & _h be5 deeply 
%ock$ by !    unscriptural tone ( !     
discussion4  #efj    7,suppress$        

m]rim5t47 ,= 8 "p1 he glori$ 9 !        
?irty-n9e articles ( _! pure & re=m$    
*ur*1 &    especially 9 _! noble        
te/imony to ! gr& tru? t !    religion (
 ,prote/ants 0 '! ,bible1 ! :ole ,bible1
 &    no?+ b ! ,bible4' ,?is 0 ! true   
'au?ority' ( vital    ,*ri/ians1 & he   
c>$ = no o!r4 ,?is 0 ! simple &    gr&  
lesson ( ^? v5]able =mul>ies :i* _h be5 
t    day s griev\sly "u-valu$ &         
calumniat$4 ,really1 x    seem$ to him  
to be prepo/]\s 9 any ,prote/ant        
assembly to    talk s mu* (             
'*ur*-au?ority4' ,au?ority1 inde$6 ,:o  
want$ x8 ,& if !y _h x1 :o w\ld obey x8 
,c]ta9ly no    memb] ( t h\se ) :om he  
_h ! happ9ess ( be+                     
acqua9t$--7laught] & ironical           
*e]s7--lea/ ( all !    high-*ur* p>ty1  
:o _h rec5tly be5 =m+ a society to      
protect !mselves aga9/ _! bi%ops4       
7,r5ew$    disapprobation47 ,he cont5d$ 
t _! =efa!rs _h done    )\t au?ority1 & 
_h wisely reg>d$ x z a m>k ( !    bea/4 
,he 0 = ! ,bible & ! ,bible only4 ,p]i% 

!    articles1 & ! *ur* itself--no1 8   
zeal 0 p]haps    c>ry+ him too f>4 ,:at 
he meant to say 0--9 fact1 he    wi%$ to
 obs]ve--z long z !y _h ! ,^w !y want$  
no?+ else4 ,he knew1 inde$1 t ,dean     
,primitive &    ,ar*deacon ,*asuble     
pref]r$ au?ority to ,scripture--z long1 
t 01 z !y c\ld keep ! =m] entirely 9 _! 
own    h&s2 b he _h inv>iably rem>k$ t  
!y refus$ to    _! bi%ops & sup]iors !  
ob$i5ce !y requir$ f    _! curates &    
p>i%ion]s4 ,b ,engli%m51 he felt        
conv9c$1 7 n to be cajol$ by a spuri\s  
pop]y2 & if    !y mu/ r5\nce _! lib]ty1 
x w\ld n be to ^? :o    us$ t lib]ty    
!mselves to resi/ ! v *ur* !y    copi$1 
9 ev]y?+ b _! ob$i5ce4 7,g5]al cries (  
',en\gh1 en\gh1' amid :i* ,mr4 ,kidds   
resum$ 8 seat1 )    ! air ( "o :o _h    
deliv]$ a solemn & suitable    prote/4'7
      ,dean ,primitive 0 unwill+ t !    
obs]vations ( ,mr4    ,kidds %\ld pass  
)\t any o!r reply ?an ,dean ,blunt _h   
?\ght fit to give !m4 ,he _h sp5t ?irty 
ye>s ( 8 life    9 combat+ ! errors ( t 

p>ty 9 ! *ur* to :i*    ,mr4 ,kidds     
belong$1 & he hop$ to cont9ue ! same    
holy    w>f>e to to ! end4 ,he 0 aw>e t 
! s-call$    evangelicals insi/$ ^u !   
pla9ness ( ,scripture1    & 7 accu/om$  
to assume1 ) /range disreg>d (          
notori\s facts1 t nobody ne$ f9d any    
difficulty 9    decid+ ! true mean+ (   
any text :atev]4 ,) !    p]mission ( !  
h\se1 he w\ld give a few illu/rations ( 
! evangelical me?od ( deal+ ) ! inspir$ 
book2 f    :i* x w\ld v cle>ly appe>1 t 
:5 !y boa/$ (    appeal+ to ! ,bible1 !y
 only appeal$ to _! own v]sion    ( x1 t
 is1 to !mselves2 & _! favorite         
%ibbole?1    '! ,bible1 & ! ,bible      
only1' meant simply1 z ,dean ,blunt     
_h well obs]v$1 'my int]pretation ( !   
,bible1 &    n y\rs4'      ,?us1 :5 our 
,"l said to 8 prie/s1 ',i give to y    !
 keys ( ! k+dom ( heav51' x is pla91    
accord+ to    ! evangelicals1 t he      
meant1 ',i give to no man !    keys ( ! 
k+dom ( heav54'      ,:5 ,he decl>$1    
',:osesoev] s9s y remit1 !y are         

remitt$1' beyond d\bt he wi%$ !m to     
und]/&1 ',i    p>ticul>ly )hold f y !   
p[] to remit s94'    #efa      ,:5 he   
gave ! promise to 8 *ur*1 ',i am ) y    
always1    ev5 to ! end ( ! _w1'        
manife/ly he design$ to say1    ',i am )
 y only to ! end ( ! ?ird or f\r?       
c5tury1    aft] :i* ,i %all des]t y     
until ! sixte5?4'      ,:5 he ann\nc$1  
',i w s5d ! ,holy ,gho/1 & he %all      
guide y into all tru?1' x is cle>] ?an !
 day    t he wi%$ to tell !m1 ',! ,holy 
,gho/ w tea* y    j s mu* ( tru? z ea*  
individual c ga!r f !    private /udy ( 
! ,scriptures4'      ,:5 he made !      
wond]ful /atem5t1 ',! gates ( hell %all 
nev] prevail aga9/ ! *ur*1' ev5 *ildr5 c
 see    t he meant1 ',hell %all triumph 
ov] ! *ur* = eight    hundr$ ye>s & m4' 
,! "q is rais$ :e!r ! ,fa!rs & ! fir/   
f\r  ,g5]al ,c\ncils _c be tak5 z       
guides1 & x is %[n t  !y are z h>d to   
int]pret z ! ,bible itself4 ,b _c !     
cl]gy be appeal$ to z au?oriz$          
int]pret]s8 ,9 reply+ to  ?is qu]y1 !   

pr(essor ( !ology said3      ,!re 0 n1  
he conceiv$1 9 ! annals ( human         
religion--( :i* ! numb] 0 n[ almo/      
beyond    ari?metical calculation--s    
s+ul> a p>adox z t :i*    0 display$ 9  
,puseyite !ology4 ,! claims ( a ,leo !  
,great1 or a ,gregory ! ,sev5?1 :i*1 at 
lea/1 :atev]    ,prote/ants might ?9k ( 
!m1 7 cordially admitt$ bo?    9 _! own 
g5]ation & 9 ^? :i* foll[$ x1 7    only 
! utt]ances ( timid self-abasem5t1      
comp>$ ) !    sup]-oecum5ical dogmatism 
( _! high-*ur* fri5ds4 ',obey    me1'   
said ^! g5tlem5 to _! disciples1 '=     
ob$i5ce is    ! pr]ogative ( ! laity2 b 
,i obey nobody except my own            
int]pretation ( ! fa!rs1 or ( su* ( !m z
 ,i approve1    because my *ur* is n yet
 suffici5tly ca?olic to des]ve    my    
ob$i5ce4 ,at pres5t ,i am oblig$ to     
create a *ur* =    y1 because no?+ wor?y
 ( ! "n is f\nd j n[ on    e>?4 ,! day w
 come :5 %e w h be5 suffici5tly         
taught by me1 w cease to be ,prote/ant  
)\t becom+    ,roman1 & !n ,i %all be   

able to obey ! *ur*1 because1    hav+   
le>n$ f me ! exact =m ( primitive       
,*ri/ianity1 :i* exi/s n[h]e at pres5t b
 9 my own    ideal conception1 ! *ur* w 
h come aga9 into    corporate exi/5ce1 &
 w be wor?y ( y\r dutiful reg>d4    ,x w
 !n no long] be necess>y = me1 z x is   
un=tunately at pres5t1 to cumulate 9 my 
own p]son !    functions ( ! pope1 !    
sa9ts1 ! fa!rs1 ! g5]al    c\ncils1 &   
,almighty ,god4'      7,consid]able     
agitation foll[$ ?is spee*1 dur+ :i* !  
sitt+ 0 susp5d$ = "s m9utes47      ,!   
,rev4 ,lav5d] ,kidds obs]v$1 z soon z ! 
composure (    ! assembly 0 re/or$1 t1  
h[ev] =cible ! rem>ks    ( ! le>n$      
pr(essor might be z appli$ to ,puseyism1
 he    _h %[n t he 0 unwill+ to grapple 
) ! gr&    pr9ciple ( ,bible            
,*ri/ianity1 ( :i* he 0 ! humble        
advocate4      ,! pr(essor int5d$ no    
disrespect to ,mr4 ,kidds & 8    p>ty4  
,bible ,*ri/ianity1 s9ce he mu/ speak ( 
x1 7?\gh    he ?\ght t =m] speak]s _h   
suffici5tly dispos$ (    ! subject17 0  

only less prepo/]\s ?an ! rival !ory    
:i* he _h j v5tur$ to describe4 ,x      
requir$ p]sonal    infallibility 9 all  
:o pr(ess$ x4 ,x simply transf]r$ to    
! individual ! sup]natural pr]ogative   
:i* ! ,romani/    attribut$ to 8 *ur*4  
#efb    ,x 0 obvi\s to common s5se t1 if
 ,mr4 ,kidds c\ld    int]pret a p>ticul>
 translation ( ! ,scriptures1 s z to    
"k infallibly bo? h[ mu* 0 necess>y to  
be salvation1    & exactly :at 0        
necess>y to believ$ ab\t x1 he mu/      
himself be p]sonally infallible4      ,!
 pr(essor mu/ decl9e to give 8 own      
op9ion1 ?\gh (    c\rse he _h "o1 on !  
"q propos$ by ,dr4 ,easy2 b he    _h no 
objection to /ate h[ he conceiv$ x ought
 to be    answ]$ by ! s-call$           
,bible-,*ri/ian4 ,t answ] might be    z 
foll[s3      ,! exi/5ce ( a *ur* assumes
 ! exi/5ce ( a ,god2    !re=e1 ! d5ial (
 a ,god w\ld be ! same ) !    d5ial ( a 
*ur*4 ,b ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is a fact4 ,h]
    tea*+ may be d\btful or             
contradictory1 b h] exi/5ce z    a      

politico-ecclesia/ical in/itution1      
pr(ess+ belief 9 a    ,god1 is beyond   
dispute4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 be h]esy 9 !   
,bible ,*ri/ian to d5y ! exi/5ce ( a    
,god2 b x 0    q op5 to him to believe 9
 any k9d ( div9ity he    might pref]1 & 
to clo! him ) :atev] attributes !       
,privy ,c\ncil _h p]mitt$ him to reta94 
444      ,ar*deacon ,jolly d\bt$ :e!r ! 
univ]sal ,nego (    ,mr4 ,kidds & 8     
fri5ds c\ld combat successfully ! et]nal
    ,cr$o ( two hundr$ millions (       
,ca?olics4 ,h[ev]1 he    0 q will+ to   
consid] ,mr4 ,kidd's proposition2 b he  
mu/ be excus$ if he did s f 8 own po9t (
 view4      ,!re 0 a l>ge class ( p]sons
 9 ?is c\ntry1 cont9u$    ! ar*deacon1  
:o1 hav+ no def9ite religion ( _! own1  
& be+ sl5d]ly end[$ ) common s5se1 7    
indebt$ to    ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*   
bo? = employm5t & ma9t5ance4    ,let    
,mr4 ,kidds re/ra9 8 excitem5t2 he w\ld 
expla9 8    mean+4 ,he did n1 ( c\rse1  
include ,mr4 ,kidds among !    class 9  
"q1 ?\gh he believ$ t g5tleman w\ld     

will+ly accept ! /atem5t ( ,/]ne1 :o    
c&idly    confess$1 t1 ':5 he _h little 
to say or little to give    8 p1 he _h  
res\rce to ! abuse ( pop]y4 ,h5ce he    
call$ x 8 ,*e%ire ,*eese4 ,x _h a tw(old
 advantage2 x    co/ him v little1 & he 
f\nd by exp]i5ce t no?+    satisfi$ s   
well ! hungry appetites ( 8             
congregation4    ,!y always dev\r$ x    
gre$ily4'      ,p]haps ,mr4 ,kidds 0 n  
aw>e t 9 8 zeal to ha/5 !    d[nfall (  
pop]y--:i*1 ev5 accord+ to mod]n        
prophets1    _h /ill a few ye>s to la/1 
& :i*1 judg+ by a rec5t    t\r he _h    
made on ! cont95t1 pres5t$ any?+ b a    
moribund aspect--he 0 9 viol5t          
opposition ) _m active    & devot$      
,prote/ants4 ,! p]sons to :om he allud$ 
71    at ?is mom5t1 full ( anxiety le/  
pop]y %\ld p]i% too    soon6 ,!y c\ld n 
af=d to say f>ewell to _! old fri5d     
at pres5t1 & desir$ only to keep him on 
8 legs a little    long]4 ,mr4 ,kidds 0 
probably ignorant t a society _h        
rec5tly be5 =m$ 9 ,london1 9 connection1

 he believ$1    ) ! ,prote/ant          
,re=mation ,society1 to :i* x 0         
design$ to act z a timely & important   
auxili>y4 ,! title    ( ?is new         
association 03 ',society = consid]+ !   
be/ means ( keep+ alive ! corruptions ( 
,pop]y 9 !    int]e/s ( ,gospel ,tru?'  
,x 01 ( c\rse1 a /rictly    secret      
organization1 b he _h be5 favor$1 he    
knew n :y1    ) a copy ( ! prospectus1 &
 z he _h no int5tion (    becom+ a      
memb]1 he w\ld communicate x to ! h\se4 
#efc    ,x appe>$ f ?is docum5t1 & c\ld 
be confirm$ f    o!r s\rces1 t a        
deputation 0 s5t la/ ye> to ,rome1 to   
obta9 a private int]view ) ! pope1 9    
ord] to entreat    8 hol9ess n to re=m a
 s+le popi% corruption4    ,he 0 assur$ 
t !y _h reason to believe1 he did n "k  
on :at gr\nds1 t ! pope 0 ab\t to make  
ext5sive    re=ms1 beg9n+ ) !           
sub/itution ( ! ?irty-n9e    articles = 
! cre$ ( ,pope ,pius1 & a p]man5t       
,anglican    convocation 9 lieu ( an    
occasional oecum5ical c\ncil4 ,a        

h&some pres5t 0 entru/$ to ! deputation1
 & a lib]al    contribution to ! ,pet]'s
 ,p5ce ,fund4 ,! motives set =?    9 !  
preamble ( ! address pres5t$ to 8       
hol9ess 71    9 sub/ance1 ( ! foll[+    
nature3 ,!y urg$ t a v    l>ge body (   
mo/ respectable cl]gym51 :o _h no       
p]sonal    ill-w t[>d ! pres5t occupant 
( ! ,holy ,see1 _h    ma9ta9$ !mselves &
 _! families 9 com=t = _m    ye>s       
exclusively by ! abuse ( pop]y2 & if    
pop]y 7    tak5 away1 !y c\ld n b       
contemplate ! probable results    )     
uneas9ess & al>m4 ,moreov]1 _m em95t    
memb]s (    ! pr(ession _h ga9$ a       
reputation = evangelical wit1    le>n+1 
& piety1 z well z high dignities 9 !    
,*ur* (    ,engl&1 by sett+ =? 9 _!     
s]mons & at public    meet+s1 ) all _!  
h>r[+ details1 ! a/\nd+    abom9ations (
 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,! petition]s implor$ 
8 hol9ess n to be indiff]5t to !        
position ( ^!    g5tlem54 ,_m ( _! numb]
 _h privately reque/$ !    deputation to
 plead _! cause ) ! amiable & b5evol5t  

,pius ,,ix4 ,?us ! great & good ,doctor 
,m',nickel repres5t$    respectfully t  
he _h fill$ 8 *ur*1 & let all 8    pews1
 dur+ ?ree-&-tw5ty ye>s1 by elegantly   
sl&]+    prie/s & nuns1 & p[]fully      
illu/rat+ ,romi%    sup]/itions4 ,a     
cl]gyman ( noble bir? _h atta9$ to !    
honors ( ! episcopate by h&l+ alt]nately
 ! same    subjects1 & a p>ticul>ly     
pleas+ doctr9e ( !    ,mill5nium1 & _h  
?us be5 enabl$ to conf] a valuable      
liv+ on 8 daught]'s husb&1 :o o!rwise   
c\ld n h    hop$ to obta9 "o4 ,an em95t 
canon ( an old ,roman ,ca?olic    abbey 
ow$ 8 di/+ui%$ position1 :i* he hop$ to 
be    all[$ to reta91 to ! fact ( 8 hav+
 prov$ s cle>ly    t ! pope 0 ,anti*ri/2
 & e>ne/ly entreat$ 8    hol9ess to d   
no?+ to =feit t "*4 ,a well-kn[n        
doctor ( ,anglican div9ity 0 on ! po9t (
 quitt+ !    c\ntry 9 despair ( ga9+ a  
livelihood1 :5 ! idea (    prea*+ aga9/ 
pop]y 0 sugge/$ to him1 & he _h n[      
reason to rejoice t he _h ab&on$ !      
fooli% s*eme (    emigration4 ,ev5 a    

high-*ur* bi%op _h be5 s hamp]$ by      
suspicions ( ,romani/ic t5d5cies1 :i* 7 
p]fectly    unf\nd$1 t he _h only sav$  
himself f g5]al    discr$it by incessant
 abuse ( pop]y1 ?\gh he 0 able to       
say1 9 self-def5ce1 t he did n believe a
 ^w ( 8 own    invectives4 ,f9ally1 a "y
 cl]gyman1 :o _h n hi!rto    mu*        
di/+ui%$ himself1 hav+ (t5 b va9ly      
solicit$ a    memb] ( 8 congregation to 
favor 8 evangelical atta*m5t1    at l5g?
 hit ^u a new exp$i5t1 & prea*$ s ravi%+
 a    disc\rse on ! matrimonial         
prohibitions ( ! ,romi% ,*ur*1    & drew
 s appall+ a picture ( ! dome/ic        
infelicities (    ! ,romi% prie/hood1 t 
on ! foll[+ ,monday morn+ !    "y lady  
made him an (f] ( h] h& & =tune4  #efd  
,x 0 hop$ t 8 hol9ess w\ld give due     
consid]ation to    int]e/s s grave &    
manifold1 & n p]il !m by ha/y    re=ms1 
:i* nobody desir$1 & :i* nobody w\ld    
receive    ) satisfaction4      ,ano!r  
class ( cl]gym5 appeal$ /ill m urg5tly  
to !    =be>ance ( ! pope4 ,!y repres5t$

 t !y 7 9 !    habit ( realiz+ l>ge sums
 by ! publication ( prophetical    works
 ( :i* ! :ole int]e/ turn$ ^u !         
approximate    de/ruction ( '! bea/1' & 
t :ile !y indicat$1 by    ! help ( !    
apocalypse1 ! precise h\r ( 8 fall1 !y  
yet manag$ to put (f ! f9al cata/rophe f
 ye> to ye>1    & c\ld h>dly supply !   
successive editions :i* !    curiosity (
 ! public dem&$4 ,!y hop$ t 8 hol9ess   
w\ld d no?+ ra% & imprud5t :i* might    
compromise    _! p>ticul> indu/ry4 ,"o (
 ^! g5tlem5 +5u\sly    confess$ t )\t   
,anti*ri/1 :o 0 8 be/ fri5d1 &    !     
invaluable book ( ,revelation1 :i* 0 8  
*ief s\rce    ( income1 he saw no?+ be=e
 him b ! workh\se4 ,he    begg$ to =w>d 
to ! pope a copy ( ea* ( 8 works1       
includ+ ! foll[+3 ',horns ( ! ,bea/1'   
neatly b\nd1    ) gilt edges2           
',anti*ri/1' h&somely got up1           
'positively    8 la/ appe>ance 9 #ahfd1 
9 consequ5ce ( o!r    engagem5ts1' ) new
 editions 9 #ahfe1 #ahff1 & #ahfg2 also1
    ',answ] to an insol5t pamphlet1     

entitl$ ! ,! ,numb]    & ,/reet ( !     
,bea/ prov$ to be t ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4      
,comeaga94'      ,la/ly1 ev5 memb]s (   
p>liam5t to :om nature _h n be5         
prodigal 9 intellectual end[m5ts1 urg$ )
 great =ce    t !y 7 able to get on _!  
legs1 & to /ay !re1    detail+ !        
prodigi\s incid5ts ( conv5tual          
turpitude2    mak+ ! blood to curdle1 & 
! hair to /& on end1 by    ?rill+       
n>ratives ( nuns immur$1 & clank+ *a9s1 
&    b]eav$ mo!rs1 invok+ 9 agoniz$     
*orus1 ',lib]ty & ,mr4    ,newdegate4'  
,!y hop$ ! pope w\ld see 9 ?is fact !   
necessity ( caution1 le/ he %\ld        
unwitt+ly put to sil5ce    m ?an "o     
indep5d5t memb] ( p>liam5t1 deprive an  
illu/ri\s assembly ( its *ief amusem5t1 
& ra%ly *ange    ! composition ( !      
,briti% ,h\se ( ,commons4      ,dean    
,pomp\s inquir$ 7) a some:at ?ick       
utt]ance1 b    ) great dignity ( mann]7 
:e!r he und]/ood !    ar*deacon to say t
 he _h actually se5 ?is docum5t8        
,ar*deacon ,jolly3 ,he _h c]ta9ly said  

s2 x _h be5 %[n    to him 9 ,rome by    
,c>d9al ,antonelli4      ,ar*deacon     
,*asuble held ! !ory t ! ,anglican      
e/abli%m5t is a bran* ( ! ,ca?olic      
,*ur*1 &    prov$ t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0  
necess>ily infallible at    "o p]iod (  
h] exi/5ce4 ,! gift ( infallibility 0   
susp5d$ :5 ,*ri/5dom became divid$1 & w 
be    recov]$ :5 ! ,russian1 ! ,roman1 !
 ,greek1 ! ,anglican1    & ! ,ori5tal   
bran*es reunite--a happy p]iod1 ( ^:    
arrival1 he regrett$ to say1 !re 0 no   
imm$iate prospect4    ,to ?is ,dr4 ,c&\r
 und]took to reply3      ,:5 ! ,roman1  
,greek1 & ,anglican communities %\ld all
    become "o1 ! *ur* w\ld once m become
 infallible4 ,?ree    spuri\s &         
defective ,*ri/ianities fus$ toge!r1 if 
anybody c\ld p]suade !m to coalesce1    
w\ld make "o true    & p]fect           
,*ri/ianity4 ,! giv+ up :at ea* believ$ 
specifically true1 & ! unit+ 9 :at ea*  
believ$    specifically false1 0 t      
travail 9 ! womb ( ,*ri/5dom    :i* w\ld
 give bir? to ! new infallibility4  #efe

    ,he w\ld only say1 z ! pr(essor (   
!ology _h dispos$ (    t po9t1 t ?is 0  
an ob/etrical ph5om5on :i* he    did n  
?9k any "o pres5t w\ld live long en\gh  
to    witness4      ,b he w\ld n[       
approa* ano!r aspect ( ! "q1 to    :i* !
 ar*deacon _h attract$ _! att5tion4 ,!  
l[-*ur* !ory1 he _h told !m1 & !        
language ( _!    articles & homilies1   
:i* assum$ ! defection ( !    ,ca?olic  
,*ur*1 'made void ! promises ( ,god4' ,0
 !    ar*deacon q sure t l[-*ur*m5 7 !  
real or sole    (f5d]s8 ,he ?\ght n4    
,let him ask 8 fri5d :e!r ev5    !      
'diabolical mill5nium' ( ! ,engli%      
re=m]s1 t    dismal int]val betwe5 !    
six? & sixte5? c5turies1 0    a         
conception m insol5tly subv]sive ( !    
promises ( ,god1    m fatal to !        
,ca?olic idea ( a div9e1 indefectible1 &
    'tea*+ *ur*1' ?an ! well-kn[n       
,anglican conceit1 t    ! e>ly *ur* 0   
:olly pure1 ! m$iaeval mu* less pure1   
& ! mod]n q unwor?y ( _! ob$i5ce8 ,0 x  
really    s v respectful to ! ca?olic   

idea1 ( :i* !    ar*deacon claim$ to be 
! advocate1 to ass]t1 z he & 8    p>ty  
did 9 e act ( _! lives1 t1 9 spite ( !  
'promises ( ,god1' ! only really p]fect 
*ur* at ?is h\r1    prote/+ at once     
aga9/ ,prote/ant h]esies & popi%        
corruptions1 0 ! little gr\p (          
,puseyites & rituali/s    )9 ! national 
e/abli%m5t8 7,great laught]47      ,!   
ar*deacon _h reproa*$ ! l[-*ur* s*ool1 &
 !    f\nd]s ( ,anglicanism1 ) mak+ void
 ! promises ( ,god4    ,let ! h\se      
consid] h[ ! high-*ur* p>ty int]pret$   
^? promises = !mselves4 ,accord+ to _!  
!ory1 !    promise to be 'always' ) !   
*ur* appli$ only to !    beg9n+ & ! end 
( h] c>e]1 b n to ! long    int]val     
betwe5 ! two1 dur+ :i* ! :ole (         
,*ri/5dom    0 hopelessly sunk 9 error &
 corruption4 ,x 0 curi\s to    see t !  
high-*ur* p>ty cordially agre$ )        
ultra-,prote/ants1 t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*   
dur+ long ages    _h be5 tea*+          
falsehoods6 ,?is 0 _! rev]5ce = '!      
promises ( ,god6'      ,aga94 ,! promise

 to guide ! ,*ur* into 'all tru?'    _h 
ref]5ce only to ! integrity ( tru? be=e 
!    mission ( ,/4 ,augu/9e to ,engl&1 &
 aft] !    publication ( ! ,tracts = !  
,times4 ,! twelve    hundr$ ye>s betwe5 
!m1 r a long p]iod 9 ! life (    ! *ur*1
 dur+ :i* all ,*ri/ians ob/9ately       
believ$    ! supremacy ( ! pope1 ! (fice
 ( ! "m ( ,god1 &    ! my/]y (          
transub/antiation--doctr9es highly      
(f5sive    to ,puseyites--7 m]ely an    
un=tunate p>5!sis 9 !    fai?fulness (  
,god1 dur+ :i* ! ca?olic idea 0         
lam5tably obscur$1 & ,god =got 8        
'promises4'      ,once m4 ,! promise t !
 'gates ( hell' %\ld    'nev]' prevail  
aga9/ ! *ur* meant only1 accord+    to !
 same s*ool1 t ! pr9cipalities ( evil1  
do+    active "w "u ! fa!r ( lies1 %\ld 
c]ta9ly prevail    = a good _m c5turies1
 b t f9ally a little sect    %\ld rise  
up 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 able to          
discrim9ate    ) precision ! errors ( ! 
,anglican1 ! ,greek1 & !    ,roman      
*ur*es1 & peacefully to conduct !m all  

to !    p]fect tru? :i* !y _h lo/1 to ! 
unity :i* !y _h    =feit$1 & to a v     
rem>kable & f9al triumph ov] !    'gates
 ( hell4'    #eff      ,! only true te/ 
( a !ory 0 ! result to :i* x l$    9    
practice4 ,! bran*-!ory did n look well 
on pap]1 b    p]haps x r$eem$ itself 9  
its practical evolution4 ,he w\ld       
suppose1 !n1 t ! ar*deacon1 resolv+ to  
try 8    !ory1 set out on a =eign t\r4  
,did he leave ,dov] an    ,anglican1 &  
disemb>k at ,calais a ,roman ,ca?olic8  
,if s1 at    :at p>ticul> spot 9 !      
,*annel did he drop ! ,anglican         
articles & take up ! ,roman missal8 ,0 x
 m>k$ by a buoy8    or 0 ! trans=mation 
a gradual process1 l ! *anges    (      
temp]ature8 ,on leav+ ,dov]1 he c>ri$ ) 
him only two    sacram5ts1 :i* _h gr[n  
into sev5 by ! "t he l&$ at    ,calais4 
,suppos+ ! di/ance to be tw5ty-five     
miles1 did he    take up a new          
sacram5t--he 0 go+ to say at e fif?     
mile/one b ! sea knew n su* measures (  
di/ance4 ,7    !re fix$ po9ts at :i* he 

began to believe t    transub/antiation 
0 a holy my/]y1 & n a 'blasphem\s       
fable2' t confirmation & extreme unction
 7 div9e    sacram5ts1 & n1 z he _h     
believ$ :ile breakfa/+ at    ,dov]1 a   
m]e 'corrupt foll[+ ( ! ,apo/les'8 ,did 
he1 9    spite ( ! injunction ) :i* !y 7
 all famili>1 'n    to speak to ! man at
 ! :eel1' anxi\sly int]rogate t         
individual z to ! precise longitude 9   
:i* x behov$ him    to ca/ away "s      
,anglican delusion1 & take up "s        
,ca?olic    tru?8 ,at :at po9t ( !      
voyage did ! pope's supremacy    beg9 to
 dawn ^u him8 ,&1 f9ally1 did ! process 
(    trans=mation1 to :i* all           
bran*-,*ri/ians 7 inevitably    subject 
:5 !y w5t to =eign l&s1 dep5d 9 any     
degree    ^u ! wea!r8 ,0 x quick] or    
sl[] 9 a heavy sea8 or    did           
sea-sickness 9 any way affect its       
developm5t8      ,! prolocutor ( ! h\se 
"h rose1 ) an air ( dignity    becom+ 8 
(ficial "*1 & express$ 8 conviction    t
 ! g5]al feel+ ( ! h\se 0 t ! debate    

%\ld n[ close4 7,he>1 he>47 ,t debate _h
 prov$ a    v>iety ( ?+s1 :i* 7 m or    
less de/ructive to !    national *ur*1 b
 no?+ p]haps m cle>ly ?an ?is1    t !   
public 0 "r 9 reg>d+ _! discussions z   
v unpr(itable to ! int]e/s ( religion1  
ei!r 9 _!    own l& or 9 any o!r4 444   
,if ! h\se %>$ 8 op9ion1    x only      
rema9$ to det]m9e :at %\ld be ! place ( 
_!    future meet+4 7,applause47        
,doctor ,easy 0 delight$ to be able to  
(f] hospitality to    8 rev]5d fri5ds4  
,he liv$1 z !y knew1 9 ! imm$iate       
neighborhood ( _! f9e old hi/orical     
abbey1 & 8    ap>tm5ts 7 suffici5tly    
spaci\s to af=d a conv5i5t    place (   
meet+4 ,he propos$1 !re=e1 on ! und]/&+ 
t convocation 0 n[ happily ext9ct1 t !y 
%\ld meet    at 8 resid5ce on t day     
week1 :5 !y c\ld ei!r    resume ! debate
 t _h hi!rto occupi$ !m1 or turn    _!  
att5tion to any o!r topic :i* might     
promise great]    pr(it or amusem5t4    
7,l\d cries ( ',agre$4'7 ,excunt        
omnes4    ,! second sc5e is introduc$ ) 

! foll[+ description1  ! delicate humor 
( :i* is inimitable3      ,dr4 ,easy's  
draw+-room pres5t$ an animat$ appe>ance4
    ,fri5dly greet+s 7 ex*ang$1 & dec5t 
hil>ity p]vad$    ! assembly4 ,! grave/ 
c\nt5ances relax$ f    conv5tional      
sev]ity4 ,ar*deacons smil$ z if 9       
anticipation    ( com+ enjoym5t1 & ev5  
deans respond$ to !    salutations ( !  
inf]ior cl]gy ) unwont$ urbanity4  #efg 
,! bright mirrors1 well-select$         
pictures1 & f>-rea*+    s(as :i* adorn$ 
,dr4 ,easy's saloon1 & bore witness at  
once    to ! amplitude ( 8 rev5ues & !  
ref9em5t ( 8    ta/e1 7 evid5tly felt to
 be an improvem5t on ! decor\s    gloom 
( ! ,j]usalem *amb]4 ,tables ( m>ble &  
rosewood    7 cov]$ ) *oice engrav+s &  
o!r works ( art4    ,portraits ( !      
,misses ,easy attract$ ! att5tion ( !   
y\ng] cl]gy4 ,! abs5ce ( report]s imp>t$
 to _!    eld] bre?r5 a welcome s5se (  
lib]ty4 ,free b n    undignifi$ po/ures 
prelud$ ! famili> dialogue 9 :i*    ea* 
c\ld take *e]ful "p1 )\t ! unpleasant   

fe> (    newspap] criticism4            
,convocation _h become a social or      
family    reunion1 & 0 evid5tly satisfi$
 ) ! *ange4 ,in=mal    discussion prec$$
 ! com+ debate1 & !mes :i* nev]    fail 
to int]e/ ! cl]ical m9d occupi$ !       
company4 ,dean    ,pomp\s disput$ ) a   
neighbor ! exact pecuni>y value ( a     
b5efice likely to be %ortly vacant1 &   
sugge/$ a probable    successor to ! dy+
 incumb5t4 ,dean ,primitive conv]s$ )   
,ar*deacon ,*asuble on ! rec5t lett] ( !
 primate1    invit+ ! bi%ops '9 visible 
communion ) ! ,*ur* (    ,engl&' to a   
c\ncil 9 ,septemb]4 ,_h 8 fri5d notic$1 
he    ask$1 t rem>kable ann\ncem5t t    
'su* c\ncil w\ld    n be compet5t to    
make decl>ations1 or lay d[n            
def9itions on po9ts ( doctr9e'8 ,8 fri5d
 _h c]ta9ly    notic$ x4 ,he _h he>d (  
c\ncils1 bo? g5]al & local1    :i* _h   
assembl$ to decide on po9ts ( doctr9e1 b
    x 0 ! fir/ "t he _h ev] he>d ( a    
c\ncil summon$    ) ! av[$ object (     
avoid+ all su* que/ions4    ,9 su*      

*e]ful talk ! rev]5d gue/s cont9u$ to   
indulge1    till _! numb] be+ at l5g?   
complete1 !re arose    sudd5ly1 amid !  
hum ( g5]al conv]sation1 a l\d cry (    
',*air1 *air6' ,!n ! ho/1 lean+ aga9/ a 
*imney-piece1    b[$ to 8 fri5ds1 &     
pray$ !m to be seat$4 ,sil5ce    be+    
re/or$1 ! debate comm5c$ z foll[s3      
,dr4 ,easy rejoic$ t 8 rev]5d fri5ds _h 
att5d$ 9    su* impos+ numb]s4 ,9       
compliance ) _! invitation1 he    _h    
select$ a subject to be submitt$ to _!  
notice4 ,_!    la/ debate1 z !y seem$   
g5]ally to feel1 _h prov$ to    !mselves
 & to ! public t au?ority nei!r did nor 
c\ld reside 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,x 0     
c]ta9 t no    individual cl]gyman1 nor  
all ! cl]gy put toge!r1 c\ld    decide  
any po9t ( doctr9e :atev]2 s t ! day    
seem$    close at h& if x _h n actually 
arriv$--:5 an ,anglican    w\ld be at   
lib]ty ei!r to accept or reject e tru?  
conta9$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,!     
le>n$ prolocutor    _h well epitomiz$   
all ! po9ts ( _! la/ debate1 &          

gracefully ju/ifi$ ! *>act]i/ic         
decisions ( privy    c\ncil1 :5 he said1
 or at lea/ impli$1 t ! practical       
result ( all ,anglican tea*+1 z ( all   
,anglican hi/ory1    might be express$ 9
 su* a =mula z ?is1 ',*ri/ianity1    f  
fir/ to la/1 is simply a matt] (        
op9ion2' or1 ',!    prim>y object ( !   
,*ri/ian revelation is to r5d] x        
impossible = any man to "k ! tru? )     
c]ta9ty4'      ,9 confirmation ( ?is    
view ( _! position z memb]s (    !      
,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 he 0 happy to be able  
to call _!    att5tion to ! rec5t       
decl>ation ( "o ( h] highe/             
dignit>ies4  #efh    ,he regrett$ t he 0
 n pres5t ) !m1 t he might    h en=c$ 9 
p]son ! v /rik+ /atem5ts :i* he    0    
ab\t to quote f a publi%$ volume ( 8    
s]mons1 )    :i* he 7,dr4 ,easy7 _h only
 become acqua9t$ s9ce _! la/    meet+4  
,! v ,rev4 ,dr4 ,elliot1 ! pres5t ,dean 
( ,bri/ol1    _h publicly ass]t$1 )\t   
incurr+ ! slighte/ %ad[    ( reproa*1 ^!
 two mom5t\s tru?s2 7i7 t ! ,*ur* (     

,engl& is1 9 all respects1 a purely     
human in/itution2 &    7#b7 t h] memb]s 
are n b\nd 9 consci5ce to believe a     
s+le doctr9e taught by h]4 ,b he w\ld   
quote 8 exact    words3      ',! ,*ur* (
 ,engl&1' said ! ,dean ( ,bri/ol1 'is   
creat$    by ! law1 upheld by ! law1    
paid by ! law1 & may be    *ang$ by !   
law1 j z any o!r in/itution 9 !    l&4' 
,t 0 8 fir/ proposition1 & "h 0 !       
second3      ',i _c desire y to accept  
ei!r :at ,i affirm1 or :at    ! *ur*    
affirms1 z und\bt$ly true1 or ! only    
true int]pretation ( ! my/]ies ( ,god4' 
,x 0 pleasant to see ! conclusions at   
:i* !y _h    arriv$ 9 a =m] debate      
embrac$ ) s mu* en]gy (    conviction by
 "o ( ! highe/ function>ies ( _!        
national *ur*4 ,& n[1 accept+ ^!        
conclusions z    indisputable1 &        
h>moniz+ p]fectly ) ! life &    hi/ory (
 t *ur*1 he 0 l$ to ask1 ',if ! au?ority
 (    ! ,engli% ,*ur* be purely human1 c
 h] ord]s be div9e8'    ,?is 0 ! "q he  
%\ld propose = _!    consid]ation1 & )\t

 ano!r ^w ( preface1 he w\ld    submit !
 foll[+ motion to _! vote3 ',t ?is      
meet+1    be+ unanim\s on ! po9t t      
au?ority c h no    exi/5ce 9 ! ,*ur* (  
,engl&1 desires to pass to !            
discussion ( ! cognate "q1 ,are ,engli% 
ord]s human    or div9e8'    ,!         
discussion z to ! validity ( ^! ord]s is
 pretty  exhau/ive1 & ! argum5ts are put
 ) a t]s5ess & effect  q beyond adequate
 praise4 ,! h& ( a ma/] 9 dialectics  is
 evid5t f beg9n+ to end4 ,in/ead (      
attempt+ a  summ>y1 :i* w\ld necess>ily 
fall f> %ort ( do+ ju/ice  to ?is "p ( !
 pamphlet1 we %all let ! rituali/ic     
cl]gyman give ! foll[+ acc\nt ( himself3
      ,i call myself a ,ca?olic prie/1  
because ,i am ei!r t or a    ridicul\s  
impo/or1 & ,i object to be consid]$ 9 t 
light4 ,i claim ! p[] ( ! keys1 because 
!y belong to    ! prie/ly (fice1 & ,i w 
n all[ t ! cl]gy (    any o!r *ur* h m  
p[] ?an ,i h4 ,i c consecrate    ! ho/1 
?\gh ,i am n q sure :at t means1 because
 ,i    %\ld be only a ,prote/ant m9i/]  

if ,i c\ld n1 & a    ,prote/ant m9i/] is
 ! object ( my contempt4 ,i c absolve   
f s91 ?\gh ! ,engli% cl]gy nev] knew !y 
c\ld d    x1 because ! commission 0 giv5
 to somebody1 &1    !re=e1 x mu/ h be5  
giv5 to me4 ,i tea* ! ,*ur* (    ,engl& 
:at %e ought to hold1 & in/ruct ! ,*ur* 
( ,rome    :at %e ought to retract1     
because ,i cle>ly p]ceive !             
defici5cies ( ! "o1 & detect ! excesses 
( ! o!r4    ,i ass]t t my doctr9es are  
"p ( ,god's tru?1 b ,i    communicate ) 
^? :o flatly d5y !m1 because1 :5 ,i am  
taunt$ ) ?is1 ,i c always reply1 t x is 
! m>k ( a    self-will$ man to seek     
ano!r communion 9 ord] to quiet 8       
consci5ce4  #efi    ,i c\nt5ance1 by    
rema9+ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 all !        
mortal h]esies :i* h ev] exi/$ 9 h]1 b  
,i tell my    accus]s t ,i only rema9 9 
h] 9 ord] to remove !m4 ,i    am 9      
communion ) no *ur* 9 ! _w1 b ,i invite 
!m    all to come into communion ) me1 &
 indicate ! t]ms on    :i* ,i w p]mit !m
 to d s4 ,i am n 9 s*ism1 ?\gh ,i       

dwell 9 solitude1 because ! o!r ,*ri/ian
 bodies refuse to    associate ) me2 &  
,i am n 9 h]esy1 ?\gh ,i e day          
communicate ) h]etics1 because ,i d x   
only = _! good4    ,i d n obey my bi%op1
 b ,i propose to him to obey me1 :i*    
he fooli%ly decl9es to d4 ,all *ur*es h 
err$1 b ,i am    ready to tea* !m all1  
if !y w only li/5 to me2 &    ?\gh !    
p]fect idea ( ,*ri/ianity has p]i%$ f ! 
e>?1 ,i am able to re/ore x at any      
mom5t1 :5ev] ,i %all    be reque/$ to d 
s4 ,i rema9 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1    ?\gh 
%e all[s mo/ ( h] cl]gy to tea* lies1   
because ,i    d n *oose to quit h]2 & ,i
 refuse to ent] ! ,*ur* (    ,rome1 ?\gh
 %e =ces all h] prie/s to tea* tru?1    
because    ,i d n *oose to obey h]4 ,i  
pref] to obey myself1 because ,i    f9d 
no o!r au?ority wor?y to be obey$2 &1   
?\gh ,i    admit t ?is position has its 
disadvantages1 ,i mu/    positively     
decl9e to ex*ange x = any o!r4    ,!    
conclusion ( ! meet+ is ?us /at$3       
,dr4 ,easy said he c\ld n p]mit 8 fri5ds

 to dep>t1 z    !y n[ manife/$ _!       
int5tion to d1 )\t ?ank+    !m bo? = _! 
att5dance on t occasion & = !    "p :i* 
!y _h tak5 9 a discussion ( great int]e/
 &    importance4 ,he w\ld n abuse 8    
privilege z _! ho/ by    add+ to !      
disc\rse ( ! ar*deacon m ?an a few brief
    words4 ,!y _h arriv$1 he suppos$1 at
 a common conviction on    ! two great  
que/ions ( au?ority 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*1
    & ! real "* ( h] ord]s4 ,x 0 at once
 _!    wisdom & _! safety to insi/ t bo?
 7 purely human4    ,any o!r !ory1 z !  
ar*deacon _h cle>ly prov$1 w\ld         
expose n only !mselves b _! common      
,*ri/ianity to    contempt & ru94 ,ei!r 
ord9ation1 z x exi/$ 9 !    ,engli%     
,*ur*1 0 n a rite int5d$ to produce a   
sup]natural effect1 except 9 a s5se :i* 
might ) equal    ju/ice be appli$ to !  
ord]s ( ,mr4 ,spurgeon or ,mr4 ,newman  
,hall2 or1 if x 01 ! ,re=m$ & ,prote/ant
    m9i/ry e/abli%$ by ,elizabe? &      
inaugurat$ by ,p>k]1    :i* _h nev]     
display$ ! fa9te/ trace ( any su*       

effect1 0 a failure s port5t\s1 t !y mu/
 rema9 =    ev] sil5t 9 ! pres5ce ( any 
sc(f+ infidel :o %\ld    use x z an     
argum5t aga9/ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4     
,he tru/$1 !re=e1 t !y 7 ab\t to sep>ate
 t    night ) ?is practical conclusion1 
t ! idea ( a    ca?olic prie/hood1 "o 9 
doctr9e & div9e 9 end[m5ts1    exi/+ 9 !
 ,engli% ,*ur*1 0 n only a contradiction
 (    h] :ole hi/ory1 b absolutely      
inconsi/5t ) ! belief    t ,*ri/ianity 0
 true4 ,ei!r t fooli% notion mu/ be     
ab&on$1 or !y mu/ hone/ly admit t1 at   
lea/1 !    ,engli% ,*ur* 0 a delusion4  
#egj    ,= if any man c\ld delib]ately  
ma9ta91 z a small p>ty    among !m      
desir$ to d1 t ! entire body ( ! ,engli%
    cl]gy _h be51 f ! beg9n+1 a         
sup]natural ca/e1    ?\gh x 0 und5iable 
t !y _h always exactly resembl$    !    
laity 9 all _! habits1 pr9ciples1 &     
actions2 t    !y _h receiv$ a special   
vocation f ,heav5 to tea* !    same     
unv>y+ doctr9e1 ?\gh no two ( !m c\ld   
ev] agree    toge!r :at t doctr9e 02 t  

!y possess$ !    faculty ( reta9+ or    
remitt+ s91 ?\gh1 = ?ree    c5turies1 !y
 _h nev] once attempt$ to use x1 & _h   
bitt]ly d]id$ ! assumption ( x by !     
cl]gy ( ano!r    community2 t !y 7      
clo!d1 by ! trans=m+ grace (    ord]s1 )
 angelic purity & virg9ity1 ?\gh !y &   
_! bi%ops _h ev] be5 ev5 m impati5t ( a 
life (    cont95ce ?an any o!r class (  
human society2 t !y    7 able to call   
d[n ,god ^u a human alt>1 ?\gh _! own   
f\nd]s began _! c>e] by pull+ d[n alt>s1
 & _!    own tribunals rul$ t ! ,engli% 
,*ur* d5i$ _!    exi/5ce2 t ! *ief      
function ( _! ecclesia/ical life    0 to
 (f] ! daily sacrifice1 ?\gh ! ,*ur* (  
,engl&    _h c>efully oblit]at$ e trace 
( t my/]y f !    national m9d2 &1       
f9ally1 t ! highe/ spiritual            
privilege ( _! flocks 0 to adore !      
consecrat$ ho/1    ?\gh _! own          
pray]-book expressly decl>$ x 0         
'idolatry to be abhorr$ ( all fai?ful   
,*ri/ians4' ,if1 he    said1 any man    
c\ld s]i\sly affirm ! s]ies (           

propositions    "h enum]at$1 & _m m l   
!m1 he %\ld be ready to    admit1 :at x 
w\ld no long] be possible to d5y1 t     
nei!r religion nor hi/ory _h any real   
mean+1 & t    mod]n ,*ri/ianity _h be5 m
 f]tile 9 *ildi% conceits    & prepo/]\s
 delusions ?an any sy/em ( hea!n        
my?ology    ) :i* he 0 acqua9t$4        
,if1 on ! o!r h&1 !y 7 cont5t to believe
 ) !    :ole nation1 t ! ,engli% cl]gy 7
 simply !    repres5tatives ( ! ,engli% 
re=mation2 t !y 7    ,prote/ant m9i/]s1 
n ,ca?olic prie/s2 t !y 7    di/+ui%$ 9 
no?+ f o!r m51 except z hav+    und]tak5
 to rem9d !m1 f "t to "t1 ( tru?s :i*   
all 7 too apt to =get2 !y w\ld !n assume
 ! only    "* :i* really belong$ to !m1 
or 9 :i* ei!r    _! own communion or any
 o!r w\ld ev] cons5t to    recognize !m4
 ,9 t case1 !y w\ld no long] expose     
ei!r !mselves or _! religion to ! _w's  
contempt1    nor unwitt+ly furni% !     
unbeliev] ) a fatal argum5t    aga9/ !  
tru? & ! reasonabl5ess ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!
    ,*ur* ( ,engl& _h nev] be5 ! home ( 

! sup]natural1    z all mank9d knew f h]
 own hi/ory2 & to try to    introduce s 
/range an elem5t into su* a receptacle  
w\ld be    a f> m dang]\s exp]im5t ?an  
to 'p\r new w9e into old    bottles4'   
,!y might z well attempt to inclose !   
lightn+    :i* c\ld %iv] rocks 9 ! h&s (
 an infant1 z to make    ! ,engli% ,*ur*
 ! %r9e ( my/]ies :i* %e _h    exi/$    
only to d5y4    ,! pamphlet f :i* !     
above exc]pts are made is n[ 9  press1 &
 w soon be publi%$ by ,! ,ca?olic       
,publication  ,h\se4    --------    #ega
            ,new ,publications4         
,! ,iri% ,re=mation2 or1 ,! ,alleg$     
,conv]sion ( ! ,iri%    ,bi%ops at !    
accession ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 & ! assum$ 
desc5t ( ! pres5t e/abli%$ hi]>*y 9     
,irel& f    ! anci5t ,iri% ,*ur*1       
disprov$4    ,by ,w4 ,mazi]e ,brady1    
,d4,d41 ,vic> ( ,donoghpatrick & ,rector
 (    ,kilb]ry1 ,diocese ( ,mea?1 &     
=m]ly ,*apla9 to ! ,e>ls    ( ,cl>5don1 
,/4 ,g]mans1 & ,c>lisle1 ,"l ,lieut5ant 
(    ,irel&1 etc41 etc4    ,fif?        

edition1 conta9+ also a lett] f ,james  
,a4 ,fr\de1    ,m4,a42 notices ( ! e>ly 
,elizabe?an ,prelates1 & ( !    suff]+s 
( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%ops2 & tables   
%[+ 9    juxtaposition ! ,anglican &    
,roman ,ca?olic successions (    ,iri%  
,ar*bi%ops1 ) li/s ( all ,iri% ,roman   
,ca?olic    ,bi%ops f #aeeh to ! pres5t 
"t4    ,london3 ,longmans1 ,gre5  ,co4  
#ahfg4    ,= sale by ! ,ca?olic         
,publication ,society1    #abf ,nassau  
,/reet1 ,new ,york4    ,! au?or ( ?is   
book1 :i* has become celebrat$ 9 ,great 
,brita91 & has receiv$ ! highe/         
comm5dations f !  ,engli% secul> press1 
is an ,iri% ,prote/ant cl]gyman4        
,ca?olic  cl]gym5 & s*ol>s may1 !re=e1  
?9k t x is writt5  9 favor ( ! ,iri%    
e/abli%m5t1 or lack+ 9 ?or\gh  in=mation
 on ,ca?olic topics4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is
 ! mo/  damag+ attack on t iniquit\s    
in/itution t has yet  appe>$2 replete ) 
solid le>n+1 & an invaluable  companion 
to ! excell5t works ( ,msgr4 ,moran1 (  
,dubl91 on  ! ,iri% ,ca?olic ,*ur* &    

hi]>*y4 ,x is n to be  suppos$1 h[ev]1 t
 ,dr4 ,brady is a ,ca?olic 9 disguise1 a
  ,romaniz]1 or an enemy ( ! *ur* ^:    
m9i/] he is4 ,he is  a ,prote/ant       
,episcopalian1 a real believ] 9 religi\s
 lib]ty1  & a man ( lib]al s5tim5ts1 :o 
respects ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*  & loves !    
rights & welf>e ( ! ,iri% p4 ,he has    
writt5 ?is "w n aga9/ ! doctr9e or      
discipl9e ( !  ,prote/ant ,episcopal    
,*ur*1 b aga9/ ! falsehoods1 &  ignorant
 or fraudul5t misrepres5tations (       
hi/orical facts1 by  :i* c]ta9 writ]s h 
attempt$ to ju/ify & bol/] up  ! absurd 
pret5ce t ! ,anglican e/abli%m5t 9      
,irel& is  ! true ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( t    
c\ntry4 ,^! writ]s1 among  :om ,palm] is
 a signal in/ance1 pret5d t ! ,m>ian    
bi%ops  9 ,irel&1 z a body1 accept$ !   
pret5d$ re=mation (  ,elizabe?2 t !     
,iri% hi]>*y1 *ur*1 & nation1  r5\nc$ _!
 allegiance to ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 & to ! 
doctr9e ( ! ,roman ,*ur*2 t ! apo/olic  
succession 0  regul>ly transmitt$ to !  
,prote/ant bi%ops ( ,irel&1 &  t !      

pres5t ,roman ,ca?olic hi]>*y & *ur* 7  
e/abli%$ de novo1 9 a s*ismatical mann]1
 by  emiss>ies ( ! ,pope4 ,consequ5tly1 
!y say1 ! ,prote/ant  ar*bi%ops (       
,armagh & ,dubl9 are ! canonical        
successors (  ,/4 ,patrick & ,/4        
,lawr5ce2 ! o!r ,prote/ant bi%ops are   
also ! canonical successors to ! anci5t 
,ca?olic bi%ops (  ! sees !y pret5d to  
fill1 ! ecclesia/ical prop]ty  legally  
belongs to ! ,prote/ant e/abli%m5t1 & ! 
,roman  ,ca?olic bi%ops are intrud]s :o 
h drawn ! majority ( !  ,iri% p into a  
s*ism4 ,x 0 en\gh to h =c$              
,prote/antism into dom9ation 9 ,irel& by
 =ce1 rap9e1  slaught]1 & p]secution )\t
 a p>allel2 to h robb$ !  ,iri% *ur* & !
 ,iri% p ( ev]y?+ !y possess$1  )\t add+
 insult to injury by ?is prepo/]\s      
pret5ce4  ,dr4 ,brady has labori\sly &  
triumphantly refut$ x1 & ,mr4  ,fr\de1 !
 ,engli% hi/orian1 has giv5 8 full      
indorsem5t to  ,dr4 ,brady's /atem5ts4  
,dr4 ,brady proves t1 at ! mo/1 two  ( !
 ,m>ian bi%ops submitt$ to ,elizabe?    

,curw91 ( ,dubl91  & ,o',fihil1 (       
,leighl94 ,curw9's apo/asy is a notori\s
 fact1  b t ( ,o',fihil is d5i$ by ,dr4 
,moran1 :o adduces evid5ce  aga9/ x4    
#egb  ,curw9 0 an ,engli%man1 &         
consecrat$ by ,engli% bi%ops4  ,!re=e1  
accord+ to ,dr4 ,brady1 b "o ,iri%man1  
hav+ ,iri%  consecration1 des]t$ !      
communion ( ! ,pope = t ( !  ,que5 &    
,p>k]4 ,he goes ?r\gh all ! ,iri% sees  
s]iatim1 prov+ ! cont9uity ( succession 
f _!  anci5t to _! mod]n ,ca?olic       
incumb5ts1 & prov+1 also1  ! =cible     
intrusion ( ,prote/ants by degrees1 & ) 
_m  breaks1 into ! same titul> sees4 ,he
 /ates ! conclusion  d]iv$ f 8 facts &  
argum5ts ?us3 ,9 po9t ( fact1 !  ,iri%  
nation f #aeeh to #ahfg has cont9u$ 9   
communion )  ,rome1 nev] hav+ ceas$ to  
be1 9 its cl]gy1 prie/s1 &  p1 z        
?or\ghly ,roman ,ca?olic z at !         
accession (  ,elizabe?1 7p4 #aii47 ,!   
claim ( a succession ( ord]s by a  l9e  
traceable to ! old ,iri% hi]>*y is also 
dispos$ (4  ,! doctor %[s t :atev] ord]s

 ! ,iri% ,prote/ant *ur*  has are d]iv$ 
f ,curw91 & f him alone1 ?r\gh ,l(tus1  
:o 0 consecrat$ by him to ,armagh1 &    
!nce transf]r$ to  ,dubl91 9 lieu (     
,curw9 himself1 :o 0 transf]r$ to ,ox=d4
  ,( c\rse he does n d5y ! validity ( ! 
ord]s1 b m]ely  ! fact t !y desc5d f an 
,iri% s\rce4 ,^! ord]s  _c1 h[ev]1 be   
recogniz$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* = two     
reasons4 ,fir/1 !re is a probability t  
,l(tus 0 nev]  orda9$ prie/1 &1         
consequ5tly1 0 incapable ( receiv+      
,episcopal consecration4 ,second1 he 0  
consecrat$ by ,k4 ,edw>d's  ,ord9al1 :i*
 is an invalid =m4 ,anglicans may solace
  !mselves z mu* z !y please by !       
reflection t !y c  trace ! ,iri%        
ord9ations up to ,curw91 an und\bt$     
bi%op1  & may cov] up ! two great flaws 
we h po9t$ out 9 _!  validity1 by !     
special plead+ !y are su* adepts 9 us+4 
,?is w n1 h[ev]1 b5efit 9 any way ^? :o 
are oblig$  to trace _! ord]s to ,p>k]1 
nor w x affect ! position  ( ei!r       
,engli% or ,iri% ,prote/ant cl]gym5 9   

relation to  ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or ev5 to
 ! s*ismatics ( ! ,ea/4    ,dr4 ,brady  
?r[s mu* light on "s o!r topics (       
hi/orical  int]e/4 ,he %[s1 among o!r   
?+s1 h[ bad 0 ! "*  ( ,curw91 ,l(tus1 & 
sev]al o!rs ( ! fir/ ,prote/ant  bi%ops 
( ,irel&1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 does ju/ice to
 !  virtues & m>tyr-l con/ancy ( !      
,ca?olic prelates4 ,he  proves1 aga9/ ! 
d5ials ( "s ,prote/ant writ]s1 ! tru?  (
 ! hi/ory ( ! cruel m>tyrdom ( t great  
h]o ( !  fai?1 ,ar*bi%op ,o',hurley1 a  
man :o ri*ly des]ves1 9 common  ) _m o!r
 ,iri% m>tyrs1 to be canoniz$4    ,!    
li/s ( ,ca?olic bi%ops add mu* to !     
value ( ! "w1  & s also does !          
refutation ( _m ,prote/ant calumnies    
aga9/ ! ,iri% p1 & ! exposure ( sev]al  
falsifications ( hi/ory4    ,on ,ca?olic
 pr9ciples1 ! e/abli%$ *ur* ( ,irel& is 
no?+ b a s*ismatical sect1 ^: bi%ops are
 intrud]s ^u  ! doma9 ( ! lawful bi%ops 
( ! c\ntry4 ,ev5 _h !y  valid ord9ation1
 !y c\ld make no claim to a lawful      
succession  9 jurisdiction4    ,on      

,prote/ant pr9ciples1 x is n 9 any way  
entitl$ to be  consid]$ z ! national    
*ur* ( ,irel&1 b only z !  *ur* ( a     
small m9ority ( ! p1 ^: ance/ors  =cibly
 intrud$ !mselves ^u ! ,iri% soil by !  
aid (  fire1 & sword1 & confiscation4   
,we h no ho/ility aga9/  !              
,episcopalians ( ,irel&1 :o are n       
acc\ntable = !  crimes ( _! ance/ors1 & 
_m ( :om are wor?y p]sons  & true ,iri% 
patriots4 ,we w\ld n h !m mole/$ 9 _!   
religi\s lib]ty1 or ev5 depriv$ ( !     
*ur*es 9 _!  possession1 provid$ !y c   
make any use ( !m1 al?\gh x  is s pa9ful
 to ,ca?olic feel+ to see ^! anci5t     
sacr$  %r9es ( ! fai? 9 _! h&s4 ,b we   
w\ld h !m  depriv$ ( ! privileges ( a   
/ate e/abli%m5t1 ,ca?olic &  ,prote/ant 
diss5t]s fre$ f ! obligation ( pay+ ti!s
  to _! cl]gy1 & !mselves left to su/a9 
_! own  religion by _! own              
contributions4 ,! ,iri% e/abli%m5t is a 
cry+ iniquity1 & x ought to be          
suppress$4 ,x is "t1 also1  t ! glori\s 
hi/ory ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ,irel&1     

s9ce ! disa/r\s epo* ( ,h5ry ,,viii41   
%\ld be bett] kn[n  ?an x is4  #egc  ,we
 ?ank ,dr4 ,brady = 8 valuable          
contribution to tru? & !  cause (       
ju/ice1 & we recomm5d 8 "w1 z !         
production (  a ,prote/ant ,episcopal   
cl]gyman ( le>n+1 hone/y1 &  c&or1 to   
all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,irel&1 
&  especially to 8 own bre?r5 9 ! m9i/ry
 9 ?is c\ntry4      ----      ,! ,?ree  
,holy ,k+s4    ,) ,photographic         
,illu/rations4    ,new ,york3 ,kurd &   
,h\ghton4    ,! writ] ( ?is volume      
pres5ts u a %ort essay ^u ! ,holy  ,wise
 ,m5 ( ! ,ea/ :o came to adore our ,"l  
soon aft] 8  nativity4 ,! subject is "o 
:i* requires consid]able rese>*  to br+ 
out a vivid picture ( ! "* ( ! ,magi1 ! 
circum/ances ( _! j\rney to ,judea1 & _!
 subsequ5t  =tunes4 ,! au?or conf9es    
himself to a simple reproduction (  !   
gospel n>rative1 ) a pass+ notice ( !   
orig9al  bass-relief & pictures1 )      
photographs ( :i* ! book is  illu/rat$4 
,x is well kn[n t 9 ! great ,ca!dral (  

,cologne is to be se5 ! %r9e conta9+ !  
relics ( ^!  holy k+s4 ,we are n        
surpris$ to f9d ! writ] discr$it+  !    
au!nticity ( ^! relics2 b 9 ! face ( s  
mu*  te/imony1 & aga9/ ! weight ( su*   
anci5t traditions1 he  :o que/ions _!   
tru? mu/ give solid1 or at lea/         
plausible  reasons1 & n take x = grant$ 
z ! au?or 7we tru/1  innoc5tly7 does1 t 
"s ( ! bones said to be ( ,sa9t  ,ursula
 & h] elev5 ?\s& virg9s1 :i* are ev]y:]e
  expos$ ?r\gh\t ! walls & pavem5t ( !  
*ur* ( ,sa9t  ,ursula1 9 ! same city (  
,cologne1 h be5 discov]$ to be  ^? (    
%eep & o!r animals1 9 ord] to ?r[       
discr$it  ^u ! au!nticity ( all relics4 
,we ref] him to an article entitl$ ,!   
,tru? ( ,suppos$  ,leg5ds & ,fables1    
,ca?olic ,_w1 ,july1 #ahfe1 :]e he  w   
f9d ! subject ( ,sa9t ,ursula treat$ 9 a
 ma/]ly  mann] by ,8 ,em95ce1 ! late    
,c>d9al ,wiseman4    ,we are surpris$1  
h[ev]1 to f9d ! writ] designat+ !       
,ca?olic ,*ur* z ! ,romi% ,*ur*4 ,?is   
appellation  e s*ol> kn[s1 or ought to  

"k1 is slang1 except 9 !  m\?s & on !   
pages ( bitt] & ignorant                
controv]siali/s1  :]e x is idiomatic4   
,messrs4 ,hurd  ,h\ghton h publi%$ !    
book 9 _! be/ /yle2 & 7 ^! defects      
remov$1 we  w\ld *e]fully recomm5d x to 
our read]s4      ----      ,ye ,leg5de  
,( ,/4 ,gw5dol9e4    ,) ,eight          
,photographs1 by ,addis1    f ,draw+s by
 ,john ,w4 ,ehn+]4    ,new ,york3 ,g4   
,p4 ,putnam & ,son4 #ahfg4    ,?is truly
 magnific5t volume1 f ! press ( !       
,messrs4  ,putnam1 is "o ( ! *oice/     
specim5s ( typography ev]  issu$ 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! leg5d is writt5 9 e>ly
  ,engli%1 & ! au?or has closely adh]$  
?r\gh\t to ! use  ( ,saxon words & to ! 
,saxon =m ( phrases4 ,! /ory1  replete )
 romance1 is *>m+ly told1 & reflects    
great  cr$it ^u ! writ]'s lit]>y        
ability4 ,/4 ,gw5dol9e is  fir/ a       
pr9cess1 fulle1 fayre1 & /atelie1 & (   
manie  excell5t dispositions1 & v]ie    
le>n$1 soe t !re 0 no  que5e or pr9cesse
 l h] = beautie & goodl9esse & alle     

le>n+e4 ,! k+1 h] fa!r1 gives h] a realm
 ( h] own1  & !n invites ! neighbor+ k+s
 & pr9ces to visit h]1  hop+ %e w\ld    
m>ry "o ( !m4 ,?\gh _m came1 %e refus$  
!m all1 because %e did n love !m4 ,"o1 !
 ,k+ (  ,mynw$e1 dies 9 h] pres5ce1     
brok5-he>t$ at h] refusal4 ,!           
description ( ?is sc5e is unequall$ =   
its simple &  t\*+ pa?os4 ,at la/1 ,que5
 ,gw5dol9e sees 9 a dream !  face ( a   
knight1 :om1 if a real p]son1 %e w\ld   
c]ta9ly  love2 & at a t\rnam5t %e       
discov]s 9 ! victori\s  *ampion ! knight
 himself4 ,un=tunately = ! love-sick    
que51      ,%e :o w$s n :5 %e may1      
,:5 %e w %e mu/ h nay4    ,! knight is  
already a husb&4 ,que5 ,gw5dol9e is     
good1 pi\s1  *>itable2 b love makes sad 
havoc ) u all4    #egd    ,%e w n give  
up h] unlawful affection1 & ev5 prays = 
! dea? ( ! knight's own lady4 ,pro/rate 
be=e ! alt>1  ) he>t rebell+ aga9/ ,god1
 an angel appe>s to h]1 &  reasons ) h]4
 ,b :at avail ! be/ reasons1 7 !y  giv5 
by angels1 :5 we h wilfully yield$      

ourselves up to  ! tyrannical ma/]y (   
passion8 ,b ,god _h great designs on    
,que5 ,gw5dol9e1 & he lets ?is suff]+   
fall ^u h] t  he may purify h] s\l ! m  
p]fectly4 ,! sc5e ( h]  vision *anges2 !
 *apel walls divide1 & be=e h] is       
,calv>y1 ) its grayte crosse1 :]eon hung
 9 paynes & woe  ye ,savi\r ( ye _w4 ,& 
ev] m\rnfullie & /$fa/lie ,hee  gaz$ ^u 
h]4 ,& :5 ye ,que5e saw ye vision1 %ee  
ca/ h]  owne wille & h] s9nes f h] ) a  
grayte crye4    ,& m ?an t4 ,%e becomes 
"o ( ^? :o1 = ! love (  ,god1 sacrifice 
all human love4 ,%e lays aside h] que5ly
 cr[n1  & royal robes1 ent]s a conv5t2  
becomes1 aft] _m ye>s1 !  abbess1 & dies
 a sa9t4    ,we h giv5 b a v imp]fect   
sket* ( ?is beautiful  leg5d1 b we hope 
en\gh to induce _m ( our read]s to      
p]use x entire4 ,! photographic         
illu/rations are good1 b  su* a r>e     
publication z ?is ought to be adorn$ )  
fir/-class l9e engrav+s4 ,its appe>ance 
at ! pres5t "t  is v opportune1 = x is a
 volume :i* w make a valuable  & mo/    

appropriate pres5t = ! holidays4    ----
      ,%amrock ,& ,?i/le2 ,or1    ,"y   
,am]ica ,9 ,irel& ,& ,scotl&4    ,a     
,/ory ( ,travel & ,adv5ture1    by      
,oliv] ,optic4    ,bo/on3 ,lee  ,%ep>d4 
#a vol4 #abmo1 pp4 #cdc4    ,! au?or (  
?is volume is well kn[n z ! writ] (     
sev]al  int]e/+ /ories = boys4 ,! book  
be=e u purports to be  adv5tures (      
,unit$ ,/ates ,naval ,cadets 9 ,irel& & 
,scotl&  dur+ ! visit ( ! s*ool%ip to   
,briti% wat]s4 ,!  au?or's brief sket* (
 ,iri% hi/ory1 & 8 descriptions (  ,iri%
 sc5]y1 is v fair1 & g5]ally correct4   
,occasionally  he lets out ! usual sne] 
at ,iri% pov]ty & ,iri% cu/oms4  ,he is 
especially sev]e on ! ,iri% hackm5 (    
,cork & !  boatm5 ( ,kill>ney4 ,! book w
 int]e/ y\?ful read]s1  = :om x is      
writt54 ,its /yle is some:at inflat$1 & 
x  has a g5]al tone ( boyi% exagg]ation 
?r\gh\t1 :i* we  suppose 0 ! int5tion ( 
! au?or1 z he wrote x = boys4  ,?is1    
h[ev]1 we _c approve1 = we ?9k ! y\? (  
,am]ica pick up ^! ideas easily en\gh   

)\t hav+ !m put  be=e !m z examples1 9  
books int5d$ = _! use4 ,we are  will+ to
 =give ! au?or = mu* ( 8 exagg]ation1 = 
! fairness exhibit$ by him 9 speak+ (   
,irel& & h]  hi/ory1 & h] _m wrongs "u  
,engli% rule4 ,x w at lea/  give ,"y    
,am]ica a m correct idea ( t c\ntry ?an 
c  be f\nd 9 ,pet] ,p>ley's books1 &    
o!rs ( t same  /amp4    ----      ,!    
,hymn ,( ,hildeb]t1    & o!r ,m$iaeval  
,hymns1 ) ,translations4    ,by ,era/us 
,c4 ,b5$ict4    ,new ,york3 ,anson ,d4  
,f4 ,r&olph4 #ahfg4    ,mr4 ,era/us ,c4 
,b5$ict amuses himself 9 8 occasional   
h\rs  ( leisure1 z he tells u1 by       
translat+ ! gr& old hymns  ( ! ,ca?olic 
,*ur* into ,engli% rhyme4 ,b he f9ds !m 
full  ( horrible anti-prote/ant doctr9e1
 & x w\ld nev] d to  put ! true mean+ ( 
! v]ses be=e ! eyes ( 8  ,prote/ant     
bre?r54 ,besides1 ei!r 8 lit]>y or 8    
,prote/ant consci5ce w\ld d\btless =bid 
an hone/  translation4 ,n be+ able1     
!re=e1 to make an hone/ "o1 he  makes a 
di%one/ "o r ?an n make a book4 ,we give

 him  cr$it1 h[ev]1 = mak+ an apology = 
do+ s1 wret*$ z  x is4 ,all ! doctr9al  
ass]tions ( ^! hymns 7  und\bt$ly meant 
by ! writ]s ( !m to be und]/ood 9 a     
,ca?olic s5se2 b1 says ,mr4 ,b41 !y may 
be und]/ood 9 a  ,prote/ant s5se1 7j z !
 ,scriptures are int]pret$ 9 a          
,prote/ant s5se1 we suppose17 & ?us     
g>bl$1 di/ort$1 &  falsifi$1 he puts !m 
out 9 pr9t4    #ege    ,x is bad en\gh  
to disgrace "o's walls ) ridicul\s      
imitations ( ! pictures ( great ma/]s1 b
 to cut d[n a  g5u9e ,murillo or ,v&yke 
to suit a second-h& frame1 b\ght 9  a   
*eap auction lot1 & !n t\* up :at is    
left ( !  subject ) a :ite-wa% bru%1 is 
some?+ too execrable to be  express$4   
,we app5d an example or two = our       
read]s'  amusem5t4      ,v]bum c>o1     
panem v]um4      ,v]bo c>nem efficit2   
,fitque sanguis ,*ri/i m]um4      ,^w   
made fle%1 among u dwell+1      ,) true 
bread & w9e regale?2     ,by ,8 ^w !    
my/]y tell+4                            
,page #ee4      ,inflammatus et acc5sus1

     ,p] te1 ,virgo1 sim def5sus        
,9 die judicii4      ,by a heav5ly zeal 
excit$1     ,:5 ! judgm5t fires are     
light$1       ,!n may ,i be ju/ifi$4    
,page #fg4      ,dogma datur ,*ri/ianis1
     ,quod 9 c>nem transit panis1       
,et v9um 9 sangu9em4      ,"h to        
,*ri/ians ,jesus prea*e?1     ,"h to u !
 my/]y tea*e?1     ,nev] s5se p]ceiv+   
x--     ,fle% & blood = u devot$1       
,are by bread & w9e d5ot$1     ,liv+    
fai? believ+ x4                         
,page #ie4    ,^!1 we ?9k1 w suffice4 ,!
 appe>ance ( ?is new "o  among ! _m late
 republications 9 v>i\s =ms ( ^!  hymns 
furni%es u ) ano!r gratify+ pro( t our  
,prote/ant fri5ds are beg9n+ to regret  
hav+ consign$  all ! works ( pop]y to   
p]dition2 & we rejoice  t !y            
rehabilitate h] poetry among ! fir/ (   
!m2 =  ! poetry ( a *ur* is z truly !   
s9c]e/ expression (  its he>t z x is ( a
 p's4 ,b 9 ! "n ( s9c]ity  let u h an   
hone/ v]sion4 ,:5 or :]e did a ,ca?olic 
ev]  und]/& ! works ( a ,prote/ant 9 a  

,ca?olic s5se8 ,let  ,mr4 ,b5$ict try   
aga94 ,we are sure he c & w d bett]1  = 
!re is no sign ( malici\s int5t 9 8     
volume2 & 8  language1 :5 speak+ ( !    
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & ( !  writ]s ^: poems  
he repr9ts1 is t ( a s*ol> & a          
g5tleman4      ----      ,my ,prisons4  
,memoirs ( ,silvio ,pellico4    ,bo/on3 
,rob]ts ,bro!rs4 #ahfh4    ,?is well    
kn[n & popul> book is republi%$ 9       
beautiful  =m1 ) excell5t illu/rations1 
by ! ,messrs4 ,rob]ts1 )  an            
introductory notice by ,epes ,s>g5t4 ,we
 _c agree ) ,mr4  ,s>g5t1 h[ev]1 t      
,silvio ,pellico1 if liv+ n[1 w\ld h  _h
 any sympa?y ) ! pres5t ,italian        
rebellion1 or its  unwor?y &            
anti-,*ri/ian lead]s1 z he intimates4 ,!
  publi%]s w\ld d well to leave out !   
introductory notice4     ----           
,break+ ,away3 or1 ,! ,=tunes ( a       
,/ud5t4    ,by ,oliv] ,optic4    ,bo/on3
 ,lee  ,%ep>d4    ,9 ?is volume are     
describ$ ! adv5tures ( ! pupils ( !     
,p>kville ,lib]al ,in/itute1 consequ5t  

on _! revolt aga9/ a  tyrannical        
pr9cipal4 ,_! treasons1 /ratagems1 &    
spoils  are told 9 pleas+ /yle1 & w meet
 none ! less )  boyi% approval if       
some:at difficult ( imitation4      ----
      ,climb+ ,! ,rope2 or1 ,god ,helps 
,^? :o ,help ,!mselves3    &    ,billy  
,grimes's ,favorite2 or1 ,johnny        
,gre5leaf's ,tal5t4    ,by ,may ,mann]+4
    ,bo/on3 ,lee  ,%ep>d4    ,^! two    
volumes1 ! fir/ ( ! ,help+ ,h& ,s]ies1  
are  well adapt$ to make ! y\?ful read] 
self-reliant1 :ile  c>efully gu>d+ aga9/
 self-suffici5cy4 ,! pr9cipal  *>act]s  
are well drawn1 & !re are sev]al *>m+   
episodes ( village life4 ,!re is "o     
blemi%4 ,h[ c\ld ,biddy  ,o',rooke1     
7sic17 a good ,ca?olic1 say t ?\gh %e _h
 be5  always to *ur*1 & confess$ all h] 
life1 :5 %e _h a  *ance1 x wasn't mu* ( 
! ,great ,fa!r himself t %e  he>d8      
----      ,alexis1 ,! ,runaway2 or1     
,afloat 9 ! ,_w4    ,by ,mrs4 ,rosa     
,abbott ,p>k]4    ,bo/on3 ,lee  ,%ep>d4 
,! se>* ( ,alexis = 8 ma/]1 ! ,c\nt von 

,homburg1  results 9 "s /rik+ adv5tures 
by sea & l&2 9 ! ,new  ,_w & ! ,old4    
,pi]re ,grepan1 fairly love-craz$       
,prissy ,dean1  & ! k9d-he>t$ ,jacquel9e
 ,ra%eburne1 are well conceiv$4    #egf 
,dotty ,dimple ,at ,h] ,gr&mo!r's4      
,by ,sophie ,may1 au?or ( ,little       
,prudie ,/ories4    ,bo/on3 ,lee        
,%ep>d4    ,a *>m+ little tale1         
attractive f its v simplicity2 a  true  
*ild's book4      ----      ,! ,life ,( 
,! ,"r ,hon4 ,j4 ,p4 ,curran4    ,by    
,?omas ,davis1 ,m4,r4,i4,a42    & a     
,memoir ,( ,! ,life ,( ,! ,"r ,hon4     
,h5ry ,grattan4    ,by ,d4 ,o4 ,madd51 (
 ! ,inn] ,temple2    ) ,add5da1 & lett] 
to ,"l ,cl>e4    ,bo/on3 ,patrick       
,donahoe4    ,^? :om a bulky volume     
affrights w welcome ?is excell5t        
abridgm5t ( ! e>ly days1 matur$ labors1 
& clos+ ye>s  ( two ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s   
among ! _m em95t orators &  /atesm5 ^:  
eloqu5ce & patriotism irradiat$ t sadde/
  era 9 ! hi/ory ( ,irel&1 ! ext9ction (
 h] national  indep5d5ce4      ----     

,happy ,h\rs ,( ,*ildhood4    ,a ,s]ies 
( ,tales = ! ,little ,ones4    ,by a    
memb] ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy1 au?oress    ( !
 ,life ( ,ca!r9e ,mc,auley1 etc4    ,new
 ,york3 ,p4 ,o',%ea4    ,among ! _m     
books = *ildr5 :i* ! approa* ( !        
holidays yields1 we accord ! fir/ rank  
to ^! *>m+  tales1 :i* comb9e1 to quote 
! au?oress's own ideal ( a  really good 
juv5ile1 all ! fasc9ations ( a lovely   
fairy  tale ) ! highe/ spiritual tea*+s 
( :i* *ildhood is  capable4 ,we hope %e 
w soon repeat ?is1 h] mo/ happy         
exp]im5t 9 *ildi% lit]ature4      ----  
,holly ,& ,mi/letoe3    ,tales translat$
 f ! ,g]man ( ,rosalie ,ko*4    ,new    
,york3 ,p4 ,o',%ea4    ,a collection (  
/ories int5d$ ma9ly = *ildr51 all       
inculcat+ self-d5ial1 tru?1 & ,*ri/ian  
tru/4 ,!  translation is occasionally   
some:at defective4 ,o!rwise1 !  "w is to
 be comm5d$ to ! att5tion ( ^? :o wi% to
 put  into ! h&s ( *ildr5 pleasant &    
in/ructive read+4      ----    ,!       
,ca?olic ,publication ,society has 9    

press1 & w soon  publi%1 ,! ,di>y ( a   
,si/] ( ,m]cy1 by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4  ,bra9e4
    ,! ,society w also publi%1 ab\t     
,new-,ye>'s1 ,lectures on  ,reason &    
,revelation1 by ,rev4 ,t4 ,s4 ,pre/on4  
#a vol4 #abmo4  ,price1 #a4ej4     ---- 
,books ,receiv$4    ,f ,*>les ,scribn]1 
,new-,york4      ,! ,old ,roman ,_w2    
! ,gr&eur & ,failure ( its              
,civilization4    ,by ,john ,"l1        
,,ll4,d4 #a vol4 #hvo4 pp4 #fje4      ,!
 ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 dur+ ! ,p]iod
 (    ,revelation4    ,by ,rev4 ,*>les  
,colcock ,jones1 ,d4,d4    #a vol4      
#hvo41 pp4 #eeh4      ,pray]s f ,plym\? 
,pulpit4    ,by ,h4 ,w4 ,bee*]4 #abmo41 
pp4 #ccb4      ,f ,p4 ,donahoe1 ,bo/on4 
,! ,glories ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1    & ,*annel
 ( ,div9e ,grace4    ,f ! ,lat9 ( ,/4   
,b]n>d1 #a vol4 #afmo41 pp4 #agb4       
,f ,kelly  ,piet1 ,baltimore4      ,!   
,life ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,b4 ,m4 ,vianney1   
! celebrat$ ,p>i%-,prie/ ( ,ars1        
,france4    ,abridg$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,abb   
,mon91    by ,rev4 ,b4 ,s4 ,piot4    #a 

vol4 #afmo4 pp4 #baf4      --------     
#egg        ,! ,ca?olic ,_w4            
,vol4 ,,vi41 ,no4 #ce4--;,febru>y1      
#ahfh4        ,p>is ,impi\s ,& ,religi\s
 ,p>is4 ,footnote #ee        ,footnote  
#ee3 ,les ,o,euores de ,*>it a ,p>is1 p>
      ,julie ,g\raud4 ,le ,bi5 qui se   
fait en ,france1 p> ,m4      l',abb     
,mullois4    ,am ,engli% lady1 ) :om !  
writ] ( ?is article fell into           
conv]sation "o day at ! table d'hte ( a 
,p>is hotel1  made ! rem>k1 ,:at a pity 
t ! ,p>isians are s wick$6  ,?is rem>k  
expresses ! common op9ion ( ,engli% &   
,am]ican  ,prote/ants ab\t ,p>is4 ,!    
g5]al desecration ( ,sunday1 !  evid5t  
lack ( religion among a great portion ( 
! p1 !  op5 infidelity ( _m ( ! lead+   
newspap]s1 & o!r  ?+s ( ! l nature1     
/rike _! att5tion imm$iately4  ,!       
extreme gayety ( ! ,fr5* "* appe>s1     
moreov]1 to  ! s$ate ,anglo-,saxon l an 
utt] levity & frivolity4  ,puritan      
notions ab\t ,sunday1 z =eign to ! m9ds 
(  cont95tal ,prote/ants z !y are to ^? 

( ,ca?olics1 make  !m look also ^u _m   
innoc5t recreations & amusem5ts 9  :i* !
 ,fr5* p indulge on ,sunday1 z m>ks ( an
  irreligi\s _s1 :5 !y are n at all s4  
,! consequ5ce  is1 t !y make an         
unfavorable judgm5t ( ! ,ca?olic        
religion 9 consequ5ce ( :at !y see 9    
,p>is :i* is ei!r  really or 9 _! op9ion
 impi\s & immoral4 ,?is judgm5t is1     
h[ev]1 altoge!r sup]ficial2 fir/1       
because ! actual  e/imate ( ! religi\s &
 moral /ate ( ,p>is is p>tial &         
"o-sid$2 & second1 because !            
responsibility ( ! really  exi/+ evils  
is unju/ly ca/ ^u ! ,ca?olic religion4  
,we propose1 !re=e1 to give a m j &     
correct e/imate  ( ,p>is z x is1 by     
pres5t+ its religi\s aspect 9 ! same    
c\p d'oeil ) its irreligi\s aspect1 &   
%[+ !  true relations ( ! good & evil1 z
 !y exi/ side by side  9 mutual ho/ility
 & /ruggle1 ) ea* o!r & ) _!  causes4   
,! light 9 :i* ,p>is is reg>d$ z a      
,ca?olic city1 &  ,france z a ,ca?olic  
nation1 by ,engli% & ,am]ican           

,prote/ants1  is an incorrect "o4 ,z    
,p>is repres5ts ,france1 we w speak (   
,p>is alone1 leav+ ! read] to apply to  
,france g5]ally1  guid$ by 8 own k &    
discretion1 :at we say ab\t !  capital4 
#egh  ,p>is is r to be call$ a city :i* 
0 once ,ca?olic1 &  :i* ,ca?olicity is  
/riv+ to reconqu]1 ?an an actually      
,ca?olic city4 ,! ,fr5* ,revolution     
aboli%$ ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*1 ext]m9at$ !  
cl]gy & religi\s ord]s1 & put an  end to
 ! ,*ri/ian religion 9 ,p>is4 ,! mass ( 
! p  lo/ all fai? & religi\s s5tim5t1 & 
consequ5tly c\ld  n transmit !m to !    
g5]ations :i* h be5 born s9ce1  & :i* h1
 gr[n up 9 ignorance & hea!nism4 ,s9ce !
  p>tial re/oration ( ! ,ca?olic        
religion by ,napoleon !  ,fir/1 con/ant 
& zeal\s ef=ts h be5 made to conv]t  ?is
 hea!n mass1 yet a va/ numb] ( ! p rema9
 /ill  practically hea!n1 & a           
consid]able proportion ( !m are  n ev5  
baptiz$4 ,) ! common p !re is m (       
ignorance & ?\ghtlessness ?an ( positive
 infidelity or  av]sion f ! *ur*4 ,9 !  

high] walks ( life1 beside !  ignorant &
 ?\ghtless class :o h b a slight t9cture
 (  ,ca?olic belief1 !re is ! l>ge &    
influ5tial class ( !  positive infidels1
 :o keep up a cont9ual w> ^u e =m (     
reveal$ religion4 ,! majority ( ! p (   
,p>is hav+  ?us be5 always 9 a /ate (   
great] or less ali5ation f  all positive
 ,*ri/ian belief & :olly reg>dless ( !  
au?ority ( ! *ur* s9ce ! ,fr5*          
,revolution1 ! prop]  obs]vance ( !     
,sunday has nev] be5 ree/abli%$4 ,! p   
hav+ lo/ ! habit ( re/+ on t day1 & hav+
 dropp$  all ?\ght ( go+ to *ur*1       
bus9ess & "w h gone on  ^u ,sunday f !  
m]e vis in]tiae4 ,! *ur* & !  m9ority ( 
! population h n be5 able to br+ back ! 
g5]al obs]vance ( ! day4 ,consequ5tly1  
^? :o wi% to  obs]ve x & to h x obs]v$1 
are to a great ext5t dragg$  9 to foll[ 
! common cu/om by ! necessity ( ! case1 
&  ! cl]gy are n able to insi/ z /rongly
 z !y w\ld wi%  on ! obligation ( re/+ f
 s]vile labor4 ,x is n to be  suppos$ t 
! cl]gy & ! g5u9e ,ca?olics ( ,p>is     

approve ( ?is desecration ( ,sunday4    
,let any "o read !  eloqu5t rem>ks ( ,f4
 ,hyac9!1 ! mo/ celebrat$ prea*] (      
,p>is1 on ?is subject1 9 our la/ numb]1 
& he w see a  correct /atem5t ( !       
s5tim5ts ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is  & all 8 
cl]gy respect+ ! obs]vance ( ,sunday4 ,x
 is  inde$ a %ock+ spectacle1 & "o      
disgraceful to ! great  ,fr5* nation1 to
 see all public works go+ on1 ne>ly all 
%ops  op51 all factories 9 motion1 & to 
meet ! cr[d ( bl\ses  %ov+ _! way ?r\gh 
! o!r1 well-dress$ cr[d1 z !y  return f 
"w on ,sunday1 :i* ought to be ! poor   
man's  holiday4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is   
unnatural privation ( ! day  ( re/ giv5 
him by ,god1 ! labor]1 f %e] inability  
to  make a m]e ma*9e ( himself1 seizes  
on ! ,monday4 ,in/ead (  ! holy1 *e]ful 
re/ ( ,sunday1 !re is a dull1 apa!tic   
cessation ( "w on ,monday1 & ! bl\ses   
are aga9 met  loit]+ ab\t ! /reets &    
quays1 too (t5 9 a /ate (  intoxication4
 ,! acc\ntability = ?is falls n ^u !    
,ca?olic ,*ur*1 b ^u t p>ty :i* has be5 

& ev] is  work+ = h] de/ruction1 & :i*  
receives to a great ext5t  ! sympa?y &  
enc\ragem5t ( ,prote/ants 9 ,engl& &    
,am]ica4    ,we _c pret5d to say        
precisely :at proportion ( !  population
 ( ,p>is is practically outside ( !     
,ca?olic  ,*ur*4 ,we h be5 told by an   
,am]ican g5tleman t "o (  ! cl]gym5 (   
,/4 ,eu/a*e e/imat$ ! population ( t    
p>i% at #dj1jjj1 ( :om #aj1jjj att5d    
,mass1 & #cjjj approa*  ! ,sacram5ts4   
#egi  ,if ?is e/imate c be appli$ to !  
:ole city1 !n #ijj1jjj  ( ! p habitually
 neglect ! *ur*1 leav+ #cjj1jjj :o      
habitually frequ5t x1 out ( :om some:at 
less ?an #ajj1jjj  receive ! ,sacram5ts4
 ,if ?is e/imate is incorrect1 x w      
probably call out a m1 correct /atem5t f
 "s ( our  fri5ds 9 ,p>is1 :i* we %all  
be glad to receive4 ,)\t  committ+      
ourselves1 !re=e1 to any exact e/imates1
 we may  nev]!less affirm :at is an     
evid5t fact1 t !re exi/s  )9 ! great _w 
( ,p>is a small]1 b /ill 9 magnitude  a 
consid]able religi\s & ,ca?olic _w :i*  

is really "o  ( ! glories ( ,*ri/5dom = 
! ext5t & f]vor ( its  works ( fai?1    
*>ity1 & piety4 ,!re is a religi\s z    
well  z an impi\s ,p>is1 :i*1 9 _m      
respects des]ves to be held  up z a     
model to ! o!r portions ( ! ,ca?olic    
,*ur*1 &  is entitl$ to ! admiration (  
all ,*ri/ians ?r\gh\t !  _w4    ,we w   
beg9 ) ! *>ities ( ,p>is1 leav+ its     
religion  to be spoke ( aft]w>ds4 ,p>is 
is _w-r5[n$ = ! numb]  & excell5ce ( its
 *>itable in/itutions4 ,^! are n        
exclusively ! "w ( ! religi\s portion ( 
! p1 b  common to all1 f ! imp]ial c\rt 
d[n to ! humble/  class4 ,!re is a      
natural basis = *>ity 9 ! ,fr5*  "*4    
,france is ! mo/ completely1 highly1 &  
univ]sally  civiliz$ nation 9 ! _w4 ,?is
 civilization has be5 matur$  & br\ght  
to p]fection by ,*ri/ianity1 yet !      
sup]iority (  its k9d & degree is due to
 ! fact t ,*ri/ianity f\nd 9  ! ,fr5* "*
 an uncommonly pla/ic & ductile mat]ial 
to "w ^u4 ,! tru? ( ?is obs]vation is   
prov$ by !  ref9em5t & polit5ess        

prevail+ s univ]sally among all         
classes4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ naturally   
amiable 9 ! ,fr5*  "*1 :i* takes easily 
! ref9+1 g5tiliz+  influ5ces ( ,*ri/ian 
civilization4 ,9 ! ord9>y1 small        
affairs ( life & common int]c\rse ?is is
 polit5ess1 & x  adds no little to !    
pleasantness & happ9ess ( e-day         
exi/5ce1 detracts no little f its       
burd5s4 ,c>ri$ into a  high] sph]e1 x   
becomes philan?ropy4 ,! ,ca?olic        
religion  evolv$ x into ! highe/        
activity & elevat$ x to ! rank  (       
sup]natural *>ity4 ,?is *>ity is /ill ! 
int]ior &  pr9cipal :eel :i* imp>ts     
movem5t & supplies =ce4 ,yet  its       
movem5t1 once communicat$1 is reta9$ ev5
 by ^? :o  h lo/ ,ca?olic fai? & *>ity1 
or :o are act+ *iefly  9 view ( temporal
 motives4 ,!re is a g5]al int]e/ 9 &    
desire = ! well-be+ & happ9ess ( ! :ole 
p4  ,!re is n s mu* lib]ty 9 ,france z 9
 "s o!r  c\ntries1 yet !re is m equality
 & frat]nity !re ?an  any:]e else on !  
globe4 ,! gov]nm5t is some:at despotic1 

yet !re is no d\bt t x labors = !       
well-be+ ( its  subjects4 ,! utmo/ c>e  
is tak5 ( life & prop]ty1 & !  mo/      
extreme vigilance is ex]cis$ to see t ! 
public is  well s]v$ 9 e bran* (        
adm9i/ration4 ,! emp]or is !  h>de/     
work+ man 9 ,p>is1 & ! empress is n at  
all  beh9dh& 9 su/a9+ h] "p ( ! ardu\s z
 well z  honorable duties ( ! ?rone4 ,:o
 does n "k t plans =  model t5em5ts1    
projects = reliev+ ! labor+ classes1    
*>itable & b5evol5t ent]prises ( v>i\s  
sorts1 are !  cont9ual subjects ( int]e/
 & consultation 9 ! palace (  !         
,tuil]ies8  #ehj  ,! emp]or's fte on !  
fifte5? ( ,augu/1 ) !  abundant alms    
di/ribut$ on t day ?r\gh\t e qu>t] (    
,p>is1 & ! p]mission to ask alms (      
ev]ybody conc$$ to  ! m5dicant class1   
are l a gleam ( m ,ca?olic times1 &     
pres5t a pleas+ contra/ ) ! glum        
demeanor & froz5  /ate ( royalty 9      
,engl& & ,prussia4 ,we may speak "h1    
also1  ( ! rem>kable hone/y & fidelity 9
 tak+ c>e ( !  prop]ty ( o!rs :i* is s  

g5]al 9 ,p>is among all sorts  ( p]sons1
 especially ^? engag$ 9 s]v+ ! public1 &
  ( :i* we might give a great numb] (   
in/ances1 7 x  conv5i5t to d s4 ,9 reg>d
 to hospitals1 & o!r public  in/itutions
 = ! relief ( ! sick1 poor1 & o!rwise   
suff]+ classes1 x is ne$less to g into  
p>ticul>s to %[  h[ en]getic & lib]al is
 ! action ( ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t  9 reg>d to
 !m4    ,engli% & ,am]ican ,prote/ants  
exagg]ate too mu* ! good (  _! own      
civilization1 & bl[ _! own trumpet 9 a  
fe>fully  sonor\s mann]4 ,!y ?9k too mu*
 ( long faces1 measur$  gravity (       
demeanor1 drawl+ tones1 long pray]s1    
set1  evangelical phrases1 & ! ti?+1 9 a
 metaphorical s5se1 (  m9t1 anise1 &    
cumm94 ,!y are bl9d to ! gross social   
defects & evils m>r+ _! civilization2 & 
to !  corruptions & immoralities :i* are
 poison+ _! national  life-blood4 ,we d 
n d5y ! evils :i* exi/ 9 ,p>is2         
nev]!less1 we ma9ta9 t x is 9 a f> s\nd]
 moral  /ate1 & f> sup]ior 9 g5]al      
social well-be+1 to ,london  or         

,new-,york4 ,!re rema9s1 ev5 9 impi\s & 
worldly ,p>is1 an  effect produc$ by !  
,ca?olic religion 9 =m] times1 &  su/a9$
 ev5 n[ by a secret supply ( =ce f !    
same  cause1 :i* places x 9 a mu* ne>]  
proximity to g5u9e  ,*ri/ianity ?an any 
o!r great city 9 ! _w4 ,b we w  leave ^!
 g5]alities & come to a clos] inspection
 ( !  specific *>ities ( ,p>is :i* are 9
 an imm$iate relation  ) ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur*1 & *iefly su/a9$ by h] fai?ful    
memb]s4    7#a47 ,! ,"w ( ! ,faub\rgs4  
,?is is a society (  ladies f\nd$ 9     
#ahdh4 ,its object is to provide clo?+ &
  s*ool+ = ! poore/ *ildr5 9 ! outskirts
 ( ,p>is1 :o  are s\ght out & c>$ = by !
 ladies ( ! society 9  p]son4 ,a conc]t 
( ! fir/ quality is giv5 once a ye> :i* 
produces f #fjjj to #hjjj francs1 & !re 
are num]\s  subscrib]s at five francs a 
ye>4    7#b47 ,! ,mat]nal ,society4 ,?is
 society 0 f\nd$ 9  #aghh1 ) ,que5 ,m>ie
 ,anto9ette z directress4 ,its object is
 to  enc\rage mo!rs to nurse _! own     
infants & to furni% !m  ! assi/ance     

necess>y to enable !m to d x4 ,=ty-eight
  sections ( ! city are assign$1 ea* "o 
to a lady ( !  society1 & ^! =ty-eight  
ladies meet once a mon? to  regulate !  
di/ribution ( ! *>ities4 ,on ! day ( !  
infant's bir?1 ! "m receives t5 francs &
 a set (  baby-clo!s1 five francs a mon?
 = t5 mon?s1 & a *ange (  dress = !     
infant4 ,if ! "m is unable to nurse !   
infant1 a nurse is provid$4 ,! ladies1  
moreov]1 take  p>ticul> c>e to give good
 c\nsel & advice to ! mo!rs (  families 
:om !y visit respect+ _! religi\s &     
moral  duties4 ,napoleon ! ,fir/ plac$ !
 society "u !  protection ( ! ,empress  
,m>ia ,l\isa1 & gave x a donation (     
#ajj1jjj francs4 ,n9e hundr$ families   
are assi/$ & #fj1jjj  francs exp5d$ by !
 society1 e ye>4    #eha    7#c47 ,!    
,cribs4 ,! in/itution ( cribs 0 e/abli%$
  to furni% a supplem5t to ! "w ( !     
mat]nal society4  ,great numb]s ( poor  
wom5 are unable to rema9 at home dur+  !
 day ) _! *ildr51 on acc\nt ( !         
necessity ( go+  out to "w4 ,! cribs    

af=d !m an asylum :]e _! infants  are   
tak5 c>e ( dur+ ! h\rs ( _! abs5ce f    
home4  ,! m]it ( devis+ ?is "w ( *>ity  
belongs to ,m4 ,m>beau1  a memb] ( !    
c\ncil ( *>ities1 :o f\nd$ ! fir/ crib  
9 #ahdd at ,*aillot4 ,! cribs are n[    
e/abli%$ 9 e  qu>t] ( ,p>is4 ,!y are    
regulat$ by a c\ncil (  adm9i/ration "u 
! presid5cy ( ! mayor4 ,a committee (   
ladies appo9ts & sup]9t5ds !            
inspectresses ( ! "w4  ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 
aid$ by nurses1 h *>ge ( ! cribs4 ,a    
m$ical committee wat*es ov] ! sanit>y   
dep>tm5t4 ,s9ce !  f\ndation ( ! "w1    
ab\t fifte5 ?\s&s infants h be5         
admitt$4 ,neat little cradles or b$s are
 provid$ = !  y\nge/ infants1           
walk+-/ools & play?+s = ! old]  ones1 & 
"s are left to tumble ab\t & play ^u !  
floor  ( a small room :i* is c>pet$ ) a 
mattress4 ,! mo!rs  br+ _! infants 9 !  
morn+1 come dur+ ! day to nurse  !m1 &  
take !m home at night4 ,on holidays !y  
keep !m at  home dur+ ! day1 & c d s on 
o!r days :5 !y h  no "w4    7#d47 ,halls

 ( ,asylum4 ,?is is ! delicate "n giv5 )
  true ,fr5* polit5ess1 t polit5ess to !
 poor ( :i*  little is kn[n 9 ,engl& or 
,am]ica1 to :at we %\ld call            
poor-s*ools or ragg$-s*ools4 ,! fir/    
attempt  to in/itute ^! s*ools 9 ,france
 0 made 9 #aggj1 & !  celebrat$ ,ob]l91 
a ,prote/ant pa/or 9 ! ,vosges1 is said 
to  h be5 ! fir/ propos] ( ! plan4 ,x is
 only s9ce #ahbf  t !y h be5 9 g5]al &  
successful op]ation1 ow+  *iefly to !   
ex]tions ( ,madame de ,pa/oret & ,m4    
,co*94  ,!re are n[ 9 ,france #ccjh     
asylums1 :i* h educat$  #c1hcc1hef      
*ildr51 besides #bjbb g>d]ies1 or little
  s*ools1 :i* h receiv$ #ejbf *ildr54   
,_m ( ^! asylums  are "u ! *>ge (       
religi\s ( diff]5t ord]s1 & o!rs  "u lay
 tea*]s4    7#e47 ,common ,s*ools4      
,besides ! above-m5tion$ class (        
s*ools1 !re are #aafh public prim>y     
s*ools 9 ,p>is1 ^u  :i* ! municipal     
c\ncil exp5d ye>ly #dig1cdd francs4 ,!  
:ole numb] ( s*ools 9 ,france is        
#gc1bga1 att5d$ by  #d1hee1bch *ildr54  

,a great _m ( ^! s*ools are "u !  c>e ( 
religi\s ( bo? sexes4 ,to speak only ( !
 ,*ri/ian  ,bro!rs1 ?is society has 9   
,france m ?an "o ?\s&  h\ses1 & above   
n9e ?\s& memb]s4 ,?irty-"o ( ^!  h\ses  
are 9 ,p>is1 & !y h sev]al hundr$ s*ools
 "u  _! *>ge4 ,we h no exact /ati/ics ( 
a rec5t date1 b  9 #aheb ! numb] ( _!   
s*ools 9 ,p>is 0 #bge4    7#f47         
,patronages4 ,! "w ( patronage has = its
 object  to wat* ov] *ildr5 ( ! labor+  
class aft] leav+ s*ool  & go+ to "w4 ,! 
h\ses ( ! society are di/ribut$ all  ov]
 ,p>is1 & ! numb] ( appr5tices "u its   
c>e is #ahjj4  ,! memb]s are p]sons ( ! 
high] classes1 & !y ex]t  !mselves      
p]sonally to f9d good places = _!       
cli5ts1 to  wat* ov] !m dur+ _!         
appr5tice%ip1 & to l5d !m a  help+ h& 9 
v>i\s ways4  #ehb  ,! "y p are assembl$ 
at ! patronages on ,sundays1  :]e !y h  
,mass & ,vesp]s1 religi\s in/ruction1   
/udy  & recreation4 ,!y h also          
ev5+-s*ools dur+ ! week4    7#g47 ,!    
,fri5ds ( ,*ildhood4 ,?is society 0     

f\nd$ 9  #ahbg1 by a numb] ( "y g5tlem5 
( =tune1 = ! succor  ( poor *ildr5 )\t  
p>5ts1 or hav+ p>5ts :o neglect  to take
 prop] c>e ( !m4 ,! *ildr5 adopt$ by !  
society  are tak5 c>e ( until !y c be   
plac$ z appr5tices4 ,!re  is also a h\se
 9 a pleasant qu>t] ( ! city1 call$ !   
family mansion1 :]e ! appr5tices :o h   
be5 br\ght  up by ! society resort on   
,sundays & holidays1 to meet _!         
protectors & pass ! day 9 a pr(itable & 
pleasant mann]4    7#h47 ,! ,"w ( !     
,prisons4 ,?is is a v ext5sive  *>ity & 
has _m ramifications4 ,! ,h\se (        
,pat]nal  ,correction is a place (      
det5tion :]e p>5ts may place  disord]ly 
*ildr51 & 9 :i*1 "u ! direction (       
religi\s bro!rs or si/]s1 an ef=t is    
made to re=m1  in/ruct1 & prep>e !m = "s
 k9d ( "w 9 :i* !y  c ga9 a dec5t liv+4 
,! ,patronage ( ! ,lib]at$  wat*es ov]  
"y p]sons aft] !y h be5 dismiss$ f  !   
place ( det5tion4 ,! ,colony ( ,mettray 
receive  "y crim9als1 :o are kept !re1 &
 employ$ 9 agriculture  or %op-"w until 

!y come ( age1 :5 !y are lib]at$4 ,!    
,"w ( ,imprison$ ,debtors1 e/abli%$ dur+
 ! latt]  "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 by     
,madame de ,lamoignon1 has 9  view !    
lib]ation ( ?is un=tunate class by      
arrangem5ts  ) _! cr$itors1 & = ?is     
purpose engages ! s]vices  ( magi/rates 
& lawy]s4 ,9 ! mean "t !y are visit$ &  
look$ aft] 9 prison1 & help is giv5 to  
_! families4  ,aft] !y are dismiss$ f   
prison1 an asylum is furni%$ !m  until  
!y c obta9 ! means ( ga9+ _! own        
livelihood1  or ! means are provid$ (   
s5d+ !m to _! own homes1 if  !y h come  
to ,p>is f a di/ance1 z is ! case ) !   
great] numb]4 ,! ,"w ( ,/4 ,laz>us1     
manag$ by  ladies1 is direct$ to ! c>e (
 wom5 ( bad life1 deta9$ 9  ! prison (  
,/4 ,laz>us4 ,madame de ,lam>t9e1 an    
,engli% lady1  0 ! f\ndress ( ?is bran* 
( *>ity1 enc\rag$ & aid$  by ! advice ( 
! celebrat$ ,mrs4 ,fry4 ,! fir/ object  
propos$ & accompli%$ 0 ! amelioration ( 
! prison  discipl9e1 by introduc+       
neatness & ord]1 regul>  employm5t1     

religi\s in/ruction1 & ! happy influ5ce 
(  cont9ual visits by ! ladies engag$ 9 
! "w4 ,! second  0 ! f\ndation ( a h\se 
( refuge = ! poor wom5 ^:  t]m (        
imprisonm5t _h expir$4 ,9 ?is h\se      
ev]y?+ is  done to complete _!          
re=mation1 & at ! prop] "t  arrangem5ts 
are made to re/ore ^? ^: conduct has be5
  good to _! p>5ts1 to f9d places = !m 9
 respectable  families1 or to procure _!
 admission to "s religi\s  community ^: 
rules admit ( receiv+ p5it5ts4 ,^? :o   
desire to rema91 & are wor?y to d s1    
cont9ue 9 ! h\se  p]man5tly1 =m+ a      
sep>ate class1 "u ! "n (  ,magdal5s4 ,on
 c]ta9 fe/ival days ! ladies g to       
communion  ) ! prison]s ( ,/4 ,laz>us 9 
_! *apel1 & aft]w>d  give !m a banquet  
at :i* ! ladies !mselves s]ve !  table 9
 :ite aprons1 & aft]w>d accept an       
invitation to take  _! own breakfa/4    
#ehc    7#i47 ,! ,society ( ,/4 ,francis
 ,regis4 ,?is society 0  f\nd$ 9 #ahbb  
by ,m4 ,goss91 an em95t magi/rate (     
,p>is1 9  ord] to rem$y ! widely-spread 

moral evil ( illicit unions4  ,va/      
numb]s ( ! l[] classes 9 ,p>is & ?r\gh\t
 ,france  live toge!r z man & wife 9 a  
p]man5t union )\t be+  lawfully m>ri$   
ei!r 9 ! eye ( ! *ur* or 9 t (  ! civil 
law4 ,! society se>*es out p]sons ( ?is 
k9d1  p]suades !m to contract valid     
m>riages1 & provides = !  exp$it+ ( all 
! docum5ts & legal =malities necess>y  =
 ?is purpose1 z well z = ! exp5ses4     
,betwe5 ! ye>s  #ahbf & #ahff1 #dc1bef  
illicit unions 7 rehabilitat$ by its    
ef=ts 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,se9e alone1     
beside all t 0  done 9 o!r p>ts ( !     
empire4    7#aj47 ,! ,"w ( ! ,sick      
,poor4 ,?is "w d]ives its  sy/ematic    
organization f ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul1 & is
 !  special sph]e ( ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1 (
 :om !re are  #aj1jjj 9 ,p>is alone4 ,^!
 devot$ religi\s are n1 h[ev]1  alone or
 unaid$ 9 _! "w ( visit+ ! sick poor4 ,!
  "w is sy/ematically organiz$ 9 ea*    
p>i% "u !  direction ( ! cur1 & a g5]al 
sup]vision is ex]cis$ by  ! ,sup]ior    
,g5]al ( ! ,laz>i/s4 ,!re is a society (

  ladies :o assi/ ! cur & ! ,si/]s (    
,*>ity 9 ea*  p>i% 9 _! labors4 ,m ?an  
#ej1jjj sick p]sons are ea*  ye> visit$ 
& provid$ ) all t is necess>y = _!      
bodily & spiritual relief by ! *>ity (  
^! ladies4    ,! sick poor 9 hospitals  
receive ! same k9d & *>itable  succor1 &
 private convalesc5t hospitals h be5    
e/abli%$  to receive ^? :o are dismiss$ 
f ! public hospitals4 ,"o  ( ^!         
e/abli%m5ts1 call$ ,! ,asylum ( ! ,sacr$
 ,he>t  ( ,m>y1 f\nd$ 9 #ahdj1 has      
receiv$ m ?an #ag1jjj "y  female        
convalesc5ts4 ,!re is "o = *ildr51 call$
 !  ,asylum ( ,/4 ,hil>y1 9 a pleasant  
place 9 ! c\ntry1  ne> ,p>is1 f\nd$ by a
 "y ,p>isian g5tleman ( rank1 ^:        
initials only are giv5 z ,m4 le ,due de 
,l4    7#aa47 ,! ,little ,si/]s ( !     
,poor4 ,! nature ( ?is  in/itute is s   
well kn[n t !re is no ne$ to enl>ge ^u  
x4 ,x has five h\ses 9 ,p>is1 "o ( !m   
p>tly f\nd$ by  ! #g? ,legion ( !       
,national ,gu>d1 :i* gave #ad1jjj francs
  = ! purpose4    7#ab47 ,conv5t ( !    

,bl9d ,si/]s ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,?is is a     
religi\s community n entirely compos$ ( 
bl9d p]sons1 b  into :i* su* are        
admitt$1 f\nd$ 9 #ahec4 ,connect$ ) x   
is an asylum = bl9d girls1 :o are       
receiv$ f ! age (  six ye>s1 & c rema9  
dur+ life if !y please4    7#ac47 ,! ,"w
 ( ! ,soldi]s4 ,?is is int5d$ to        
provide s*ools ( elem5t>y education &   
religi\s in/ruction  = ! "y soldi]s ( ! 
g>rison ( ,p>is4 ,! s*ools are  e/abli%$
 ) ! cons5t ( ! milit>y au?orities ne>  
"s *ur* or *apel1 9 ord] t !re may be a 
place ( easy  access = ! memb]s ( !     
s*ool to p]=m _! devotions4  ,ea* s*ool 
has its *apla9 :o sup]9t5ds ! religi\s  
ex]cises4 ,! classes are taught by !    
,bro!rs ( !  ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 by      
educat$ lay g5tlem51 & sometimes by  ! m
 intellig5t & well-in/ruct$ soldi]s4 ,! 
s*ool is  held e ev5+ betwe5 ! h\rs (   
supp] & rappel4  ,aft] ! lessons are    
ov]1 pray]-books are di/ribut$1 usually 
,! ,soldi]'s ,manual1 or books conta9+  
hymns especially  compos$ = soldi]s1 (  

:i* !y are v fond4 ,aft] "s  pray]s h   
be5 recit$ or "s hymns sung1 an         
in/ruction is  giv5 or "s good book is  
read2 !n "s clos+ pray]s are  recit$1 & 
! s*ool is dismiss$4  #ehd  ,once a week
 !re is a s]vice entirely devot$ to     
innoc5t  recreations & religi\s         
ex]cises4 ,on ,sundays !y h mass at  an 
h\r conv5i5t = ! soldi]s1 & vesp]s1 ) ! 
,b5$iction1 9 ! ev5+4 ,at ,ea/]1 !re is 
a retreat1  foll[$ by a g5]al communion4
 ,! g5tlem5 engag$ 9 ?is  "w are v      
punctual 9 _! att5dance1 take great     
int]e/  9 _! pupils1 & f9d _! int]c\rse 
) ! soldi]s  v agreeable4 ,:5 a regim5t 
is ex*ang$ to ano!r milit>y  po/1 a     
regi/] ( ! memb]s ( ! s*ool belong+ to !
  regim5t is confid$ to a tru/wor?y     
soldi]1 :o deliv]s x to  ! prie/ 9 *>ge 
( ! s*ool at ! new po/1 if !re is  "o1 &
 if n1 is himself *>g$ to keep up ! good
 "w  among 8 comrades ! be/ way he c4 ,!
 numb] ( soldi]s  br\ght "u ! influ5ce (
 ^! s*ools is n v l>ge1  !re be+ n m ?an
 #fjj 9 att5dance at ,p>is1 b !         

admirable excell5ce ( ! plan is obvi\s1 
& !re seems to  be no reason :y x %\ld n
 h a m ext5sive success 9  due "t4      
7#ad47 ,! ,society ( ,/4 ,v9c5t de      
,paul4 ,?is society is  ! mo/ ext5sive &
 celebrat$ ( all exi/+ religi\s         
associations among laym51 & has spread  
itself f ,p>is n  only ?r\gh\t ,france1 
b also into o!r c\ntries ( ,europe1  &  
into ,am]ica4 ,x 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahcc by ,m4 
,bailly z a c5tre  ( reunion = ,ca?olic 
"y m51 :]e !y might le>n to "k  ea* o!r1
 might give ea* o!r _! mutual support & 
enc\ragem5t1 & might act 9 comb9ation = 
c>ry+ on  *>itable works4 ,eight "y     
/ud5ts =m$ ! orig9al  nucleus ( !       
society1 "o ( :om 0 ! r5[n$ ,fr$]ic     
,ozanam4 ,! imm$iate /imulus to !       
=mation ( ! society  0 giv5 by ! reproa*
 ( ! ,/4 ,simonians t ,ca?olicity  0    
in]t & incapable ( do+ any good 9 !     
social  community4 ,at ! pres5t "t !    
society has #bdjj memb]s 9  ,p>is1 _m ( 
:om are g5tlem5 ( rank1 judges1         
advocates1  au?ors1 physicians1 or      

m]*ants4 ,x is divid$ into num]\s       
conf]5ces1 ea* "o ( :i* is p]fectly     
organiz$4 ,its active  "w ext5ds to     
se>*+ out & reliev+1 z f> z possible1  e
 k9d ( moral & physical mis]y among !   
poor] classes4  ,9 a l>ge numb] ( s*ools
 = boys !re are juv5ile  conf]5ces :]e  
memb]s are tra9$ "u exp]i5c$ guides to  
! practice ( *>itable "w1 & !re are     
analog\s  conf]5ces also 9 "s female    
s*ools4    ,!re are _m o!r *>itable     
works c>ri$ on 9 ,p>is1 =  ! publication
 ( good books1 = ! provision ( ve/m5ts &
  sacr$ vessels = poor c\ntry *ur*es1 & 
= a v>iety (  o!r purposes :i* x w\ld be
 impossible to enum]ate  completely4 ,x 
is also well kn[n t ,p>is is "o ( !     
great  c5tres ( =eign mission>y         
op]ations4 ,yet1 z x w\ld be  difficult 
to sep>ate :at belongs to ,p>is f !     
g5]al "w  ( ! propagation ( ! fai?1 & ! 
subject ( ,fr5*  =eign missions is too  
ext5sive = a pass+ notice1 we mu/  leave
 x alone altoge!r4    ,our meagre sket* 
( *>ities 9 ,p>is is necess>ily some:at 

skeletonian4 ,mlle4 ,g\raud1 9 h]       
lively1 *>m+ volume1 tells  ! /ory ) t  
fill+ 9 ( circum/antial n>ration &      
illu/rative anecdote necess>y to give   
its =m complet5ess4  #ehe  ,%e writes "u
 ! guise ( ,lett]s f an ,engli% ,lady 9 
,p>is to a ,fri5d 9 ,engl&1 & al?\gh l  
h]  c\ntryfolk 9 g5]al1 q unsuccessful 9
 spell+ ,engli%1  yet h] book is made m 
ent]ta9+ by ! pretty little  artifice4  
,we w\ld recomm5d our c\ntrywom5 to ord]
 ?is  little book1 & "s o!rs ( ! same   
k9d1 ) _!  ,p>isian gloves1 & to read !m
 9 lieu ( ! novels ( ,dumas  & ,hugo1 if
 we _h any hope t our advice w\ld be    
li/5$  to4    ,we h said en\gh to %[ t !
 *>itable side ( religion  9 ,p>is1 if x
 be n 9 its ext5t ( surface adequate to 
!  dim5sions ( t great capital1 is      
nev]!less 9 full  proportion to ! numb]s
 & res\rces ( ! really ,ca?olic         
population4 ,out ( ab\t "o hundr$ ?\s&  
practical  ,ca?olics1 f tw5ty to ?irty  
?\s&1 includ+ ! cl]gy  & religi\s1 make 
x ei!r ! exclusive1 or at lea/ a        

pr9cipal end ( _! lives1 to p]=m        
*>itable works4 ,out (  ^!1 a great     
numb] may ju/ly be entitl$ true h]oes & 
h]o9es ( *>ity4 ,if !re 7 a legion (    
honor ( *>ity1  its gr& crosses w\ld be 
pl5tifully di/ribut$ 9 ,p>is4  ,religion
 9 ,p>is atones = its defici5cy 9       
quantity by !  sup]ior excell5ce ( its  
quality4 ,l ott> ( roses1 a little  ( x 
diffuses a wide p]fume1 & x is ev5 able 
to dis9fect  ! atmosph]e r$ol5t ( !     
odeurs de ,p>is4 ,if !  :ole population 
( ,p>is 7 really ,ca?olic1 & ! :ole     
body ( ! easy classes w\ld coop]ate ) ! 
cl]gy &  magi/racy to re=m ! social     
evils & mis]ies :i* fe/]  9 ! bosom ( ! 
work+ class1 x is difficult to conceive 
! greatness ( ! result :i* might be     
accompli%$4 ,!  ,fr5* p are ! mo/ highly
 civiliz$1 & ! greate/  civiliz]s 9 !   
_w4 ,_! civilization ext5ds d[nw>d into 
! humble/ classes1 & ramifies           
indef9itely 9 e  direction4 ,take ,p>is 
ev5 z x is1 9 our op9ion x is !  be/    
gov]n$ city 9 ! _w1 & less immoral ?an  

any o!r  great capital4 ,!re are great  
mis]ies 9 x1 no d\bt1 b  ^! mis]ies make
 m impression on philosophic ,fr5*m5 ?an
  on o!r m51 & !y make m ado ab\t !m4 ,x
 is a fix$  idea 9 ! ,fr5* m9d t e human
 be+ ought to h a  pleasant "t & enjoy  
life4 ,evid5tly1 ! ,fr5* are1 z a  :ole1
 ! mo/ *e]ful & joy\s p 9 ! _w1 & ev5  !
 co*]s1 :o are among ! mo/ =lorn human  
be+s  9 ,p>is1 d n seem v discont5t$4   
,let ! ,ca?olic  religion rega9 full    
sway ov] ! ,fr5* m9d & he>t1 & x  seems 
to u t ! civilization ( ,*ri/ianity     
might atta9  its ultimatum 9 ,france4   
,to rega9 t sway x is n[ bravely  /riv+ 
aga9/ =midable difficulties &           
opposition4 ,&  al?\gh we d n v5ture to 
pron\nce a positive judgm5t on  !       
probabilities ( f9al & complete success1
 we ?9k !  aspect ( affairs enc\rag+1 & 
believe t ! *ur* has  ga9$ gr\nd /eadily
 9 ,p>is & ?r\gh\t ,france4             
,hi/orically1 & accord+ to ! ext]ior1   
,p>is is a ,ca?olic  city4 ,! ,ca?olic  
religion is ! religion ( ! ,fr5* p1  &1 

z su*1 ent]s into ! :ole /ructure ( !   
political1  civil1 & social fabric4 ,!  
,fr5* ,revolution 0 a mom5t (  national 
delirium4 ,:5 ! nation came to itself1 x
 0 =c$  by its common s5se to ree/abli% 
religion1 re/ore !  desecrat$ temples to
 ,ca?olic wor%ip1 & recall ! surviv+    
remnant ( ! expatriat$ cl]gy4 ,! ,htel  
,dieu1 a hospital  ne> ,notre ,dame de  
,p>is1 built by ,sa9t ,v9c5t de ,paul1  
/ill  be>s on its front ! half-effac$   
inscriptions1 ,lib]t1  ,egalit1         
,frat]nit4  #ehf  ,!re c\ld n be a m    
expressive symbol ( ! triumph (         
religion ov] infidelity4 ,! pa/1 !      
pres5t1 & ! future  glory ( ,france is  
id5tifi$ ) religion4 ,! traditions (  ! 
fir/ f\ndation ( ,p>is1 :i* ca/ a halo (
 sacr$  association ov] x1 & :i* are    
p]petuat$ by s _m  spl5did monum5ts1 are
 religi\s4 ,! names ( ,sa9t ,dionysius1 
,sa9t ,g5evieve1 ,sa9t ,l\is1 famili> z 
h\sehold words1  cont9ually recall !m4  
,! glori\s *ur*es1 :i* are !  *ief      
ornam5ts ( ! city1 ,notre ,dame de      

,p>is1 ,la ,sa9te  ,*apelle1 ,sa9t      
,d5ys1 ,sa9t ,eu/a*e1 ,! ,madele9e2 !   
/reets  ev51 ) _! appellations borr[$ f 
religion1 impress  !m cont9ually on !   
memory & imag9ation4 ,! ma/]pieces  (   
art :i* fill ! gall]ies ( pa9t+ embody !
 my/]ies1  ! ev5ts1 ! great p]sonages ( 
religion4 ,! sublime  s]vices ( ! *ur*  
give _! pr9cipal gr&eur to !  national  
fe/ivals1 & to ! public pomp ( ! imp]ial
  gov]nm5t4 ,?is ext]ior ,ca?olicity is 
n mu* 9 itself1 x  is true4 ,nev]!less1 
x is a po9t d'appui1 ( great  s]vice to 
religion 9 labor+ to imbue ) ! liv+     
pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian fai? & virtue !    
m9ds & he>ts (  ! p4 ,awak5 !m to a     
belief t religion is a reality1  & to an
 e>ne/ desire to act accord+ to its     
precepts1 &  !y become f]v5t ,ca?olics  
at once4 ,! g5]al atmosph]e  holds !    
,ca?olic _s 9 solution1 ready to be     
precipitat$  "u ! prop] influ5ces4    ,s
 f> z ! actual piety & religion ( ,p>is 
is conc]n$1 we  h anticipat$ 9 a great  
measure :at is to be said ab\t x1  9    

speak+ ( ! *>ities ( ,p>is4 ,we ne$ d no
 m ?an  allude to c]ta9 facts well kn[n 
to all :o h visit$ !  city 9 su* a way z
 to really le>n any?+ ab\t x1 or :o  are
 well in=m$ by read+4 ,! cl]gy are      
num]\s1 well  organiz$1 & above all     
praise = _! high sac]dotal  virtues4 ,! 
colleges & sem9>ies = ecclesia/ical     
tra9+  are c]ta9ly unsurpass$ except by 
^? ( ,rome4 ,a ri* &  abundant /ream (  
!ological & religi\s lit]ature is       
p]5nially fl[+ f ! ,p>is press4 ,active 
& able z are  ! infidel writ]s ( ,p>is1 
!y are ov]mat*$ by !  advocates (       
religion1 :o h v9dicat$ & are v9dicat+  
,*ri/ianity 9 a mo/ triumphant mann] 9 e
 bran* (  polemics4 ,! pr9cipal p>i%    
*ur*es 9 ,p>is are models :i*  ! _w     
might imitate4 ,z = ! piety ( t portion 
( !  p :o are really practical          
,ca?olics1 x is en\gh to visit  ! *ur*es
 on week-days or ,sundays1 especially   
su* z are  places ( special devotion1 l 
,notre ,dame des ,victoires1 to be  mo/ 
p[]fully & agreeably impress$ ) !       

evid5ce ( its  high quality & f]vor4 ,^?
 :o are be/ qualifi$ to judge  consid] x
 beyond a d\bt t religion has made a    
great advance  9 ,p>is )9 ! la/         
tw5ty-five ye>s1 & is advanc+  gradually
 b surely t[>d a reconque/ ( ! masses ( 
!  population4 ,a great combat is go+ on
 ?r\gh\t ,europe =  sav+ ! ,*ri/ian     
religion & ,*ri/ian civilization1 & "o  
( its *ief battle-gr\nds is ,p>is4 ,we  
_c dissemble our  solicitude = ! result1
 or our s5tim5t ( ! gravity ( !  crisis4
 ,we tru/1 h[ev]1 t ! noble words ( t   
great  ,*ri/ian orator ,pre ,hyac9! may 
be v]ifi$3 ,*ri/ian  society may        
agonize1 b x _c die2 = x be>s !         
pr9ciple ( immortality 9 its bosom4     
--------    #ehg          ,translat$ ,f 
,! ,j\rnal ,de ,bruxelles4      ,bi%op  
,dupanl\p's ,spee* ,at ,! ,ca?olic      
,congress ,( ,mal9es4      ,p]mit me1   
g5tlem51 fir/ ( all to ?ank y = hav+    
kept  up & cont9u$ y\r excell5t         
congress4 ,i congratulate y n  only on !
 sacr$ flame :i* animates y1 or ! zeal  

:i*  %9es s highly 9 y\r public         
sessions1 b also on ! works  :i* are !  
endur+ fruits ( y\r meet+s4 ,9 read+1   
ye/]day & ?is morn+1 ! volumes :i*      
conta9 ! reports  ( ! proce$+s ( y\r =m]
 sessions1 ,i h be5  a/oni%$ at ! am\nt 
( in=mation1 at ! resolutions1 &  !     
useful in/itutions :i* h result$ f y\r  
labors4    ,y h done a good "w1 a sacr$ 
& fruitful "w2 bonum  opus4 ,= ?is ,i   
give ?anks to ,god1 ! au?or ( all good  
& aft] him to 8 em95ce ! c>d9al ar*bi%op
 ( ,mal9es1  :o1 9 8 wisdom1 has f\nd ! 
means ( su/a9+ y\r "w  9 spite ( all    
opposition4 7,prolong$ applause47    ,! 
pres5ce1 on ?is occasion1 ( ,monsignor  
,de*amps w n  p]mit ( my express+ all t 
,i feel 9 my he>t t[>d him4 ,i  rememb] 
) pleasure t my fir/ battles at ,liege 7
 f\ght  "u ! inspir+ influ5ce ( 8 noble 
example4 ,tw5ty-"o  ye>s h elaps$ s9ce  
!n1 &1 :ile ^! ye>s h left  ! m>ks ( age
 ^u me1 x seems z if !y h only _h !     
effect ( mak+ him y\ng]4 7,laught] &    
applause47    ,hav+ told y ( ! deep     

impression :i* has be5 made ^u  me1     
relative to ! praisewor?y "* ( y\r "w1 x
 w  h>dly be expect$ t ,i %\ld attempt  
to fan ! flame ( y\r  zeal3 t w\ld be   
useless4 ,my object at pres5t is1 j by a
  few simple words1 to add some?+ if ,i 
c to t sacr$ fire  burn+ 9 y\r he>ts1 ( 
^: results1 z set =? 9 !  proce$+s ( y\r
 la/ sessions1 ,i h read ) s mu*        
admiration4    ,y ne$ n fe>1 !n1 t ,i w1
 on ! pres5t occasion1 z  happ5$ ?ree   
ye>s ago1 impose ^u y\r good nature4    
7,cries  f all p>ts ( ,no1 no6 ,speak1  
speak at l5g?47 ,to abuse x  ?is "t is  
impossible1 = my /r5g? w n p]mit4 ,i    
%all1 consequ5tly1 be on my gu>d aga9/ !
 temptations to  :i* "o is expos$ be=e  
su* an audi5ce z ?is4    ,i wi% simply  
to rem9d y ( ! words ( ,/4 ,paul1 :i*   
are  applicable n[3 ,be n ov]come (     
evil1 b ov]come evil )  good4 ,noli v9ci
 a malo1 s$ v9ce malum bono4 ,y w       
p]ceive t ^! are words ( great          
importance2 &1 ) y\r  p]mission1 ,i %all
 (f] a few rem>ks ^u !m4 ,!y are words  

des]v+ ( s]i\s consid]ation1 = evil     
surr\nds u1 or  r presses ^u u4 ,?is    
evil is pres5t1 act+1 speak+4  ,we mu/  
ov]come ?is evil1 b we mu/ ov]come x n  
by evil1  b by good2 9 bono4 ,"h we see 
our duty4 ,! evil1  g5tlem51 has be5 9 !
 _w = a long "t1 & = ?is  reason we %\ld
 nei!r be a/oni%$ at x nor disc\rag$ 9  
our ef=ts4 ,let me simply rem9d y ( !   
few la/ c5turies4  #ehh  ,:at has       
,prote/antism done8 ,x has attack$ !    
*ur* :i* 0  9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,:at has
 ! eighte5? c5tury done8  ,x has attack$
 ,*ri/ianity4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury1        
g5tlem51  has attack$ ev]y?+--x has     
attack$ ,god1 ! s\l1 reason1  morals1   
society1 ! di/9ction betwe5 good & evil4
 ,yes1  g5tlem51 ev]y?+ is to-day       
%amefully1 audaci\sly1  impud5tly       
attack$4 7,prolong$ applause47 ,"h we   
see ! ext5t  & ! int5sity ( ! evil2 "h  
we see ! necessity (  ov]com+ x ) good4 
,we c d x2 n )\t ef=t1 x is  true2 b    
/ill we c d x4 ,= u is res]v$1 h5ce=?1 !
  glory ( def5d+ ! law ( reason1 z well 

z t ( fai?2  ! natural1 z well z !      
sup]natural2 ! immortality ( !  s\l1 & !
 exi/5ce ( ! ,deity1 aga9/ ! mo/        
audaci\s  & ! mo/ fooli% enemies t h ev]
 be5 kn[n4  7,applause47    ,i tell y1  
nev]!less1 t ! battle is a h>d "o1 &    
c]ta9ly ! acclamations :i*1 on ?is      
occasion1 greet !  names ( ! *ur*1 !    
pope1 & ! holy ,virg91 %[ t !  evil is  
s]i\s1 t ! sore is deeply seat$1 t !    
disease  has ?or\ghly infect$ s\ls t are
 de> to u1 & = :i*  we ought to fight2  
has laid hold ^u s\ls de> to u1 & :i*   
we %\ld save f ru94 ,ah6 g5tlem51 :at   
ought we n to d  9 ord] to save s\ls6   
,we %\ld be prep>$ to sacrifice our     
/r5g?1 blood1 our lives if necess>y4    
,?is is ! price (  victory2 & t y may n 
=get x1 ! cross :i* is  rais$ ov] ?is   
assembly rem9ds y ( :at is ! price (    
s\ls4 7,s5sation47    ,! /ruggle1 !n1 is
 a sev]e "o1 & x is especially s n[1    
see+ t nev] at any previ\s p]iod has    
evil _h m  p[]ful means employ$ 9 its   
s]vice ?an at ! pres5t "t4  ,we h to    

enc\nt] n only aga9/ an imm5se1 conceal$
  organization1 t ( secret societies1 ! 
ramifications (  :i* ext5d on all sides1
 b aga9/ a va/ public  organization1 &  
aga9/ a press :i* spreads calumnies &   
lies 9 e qu>t]4    ,f :atev] po9t ( view
 we look at x1 ! conte/ is a  t]rible   
"o4 ,& obs]ve1 g5tlem51 t ! propag&a (  
evil  kn[s no limits1 & respects no?+2 x
 attacks ! ri*1 !  poor1 wom51 *ildr51  
"y girls4 ,:at d ,i say8 ,x attacks  ev5
 ! dy+1 do+ viol5ce %amefully to _!     
consci5ces1  & snat*+ f !m ! consolation
 to be d]iv$ f a  return to ! fai?4 ,i  
ask ^! madm51 7= aft] all we are  n "h 9
 ! d>k1 b we fight 9 ! light ( day47    
,:5ce  came ! idea ( induc+ any "o to   
sign ?is inf]nal compact8  ,:at sort (  
man c he be :o w p]suade 8              
fell[-creatures  to ent] into an        
engagem5t ( ?is k9d8 ,& yet !re are m5  
:o yield6 ,yes1 !re are m5 :o pl$ge     
!mselves nev] to  return1 ev5 to _! dy+ 
h\r1 to ! religion & ! he>ts  ( _!      
wives1 to ! religion & he>ts ( _!       

daught]s2  = ?is is :at ^! wick$1 ^!    
b>b>\s sep>ations am\nt  to6            
7,s5sation47    ,! hatr$ ( religion1    
g5tlem51 is n[h]e m m>k$ ?an 9          
,belgium4 ,b ,i may add--:at w1 p]haps1 
a/oni% y :5 ,i  say x--t x is to y\r    
honor x is s2 = x is d\btless  because  
!y feel s5sibly ! p[] ( y\r religion1 ( 
y\r  fai?1 ( y\r zeal1 t !y h be5 driv5 
to hate s  bitt]ly4  #ehi  ,x is to y\r 
honor1 = x proves t y are a ,ca?olic    
nation1 ! mo/ ,ca?olic1 p]haps1 t !re   
has yet be54    ,b1 9 spite ( ^! good & 
solid reasons = battl+ on1  "s are      
frequ5tly tempt$ to ask1 ,is ! /ruggle  
to g on =  ev]8 ,x is suffici5t to we>  
out ! /\te/ c\rage4 ,well1  g5tlem51 ,i 
tell y t1 "u diff]5t phases1 ! /ruggle  
w be et]nal4 ,d y wi% to h ! pro( ( ?is8
 ,he> x1  g5tlem51 f ! m\? ( ! ,ma/]2   
he> x ) t  respect :i* 8 div9e ^w       
comm&s3 ,! _w hates y1  b y "k t x hat$ 
me be=e x hat$ y4 ,&  aga93 ,i s5d y =? 
z %eep 9 ! mid/ ( wolves4 ,if  !y h     
p]secut$ me1 !y w p]secute y4 ,!        

disciple is  n above 8 ma/]1 nor !      
s]vant above 8 "l4 ,if !y  h call$ !    
ma/] ,beelzebub1 h[ mu* m w !y also     
call 8 s]vants6    ,y und]/&1 !n1       
g5tlem51 x is :at is good !y  p]secute 9
 y--x is ! good1 x is ju/ice1 x is !    
lib]ty ( s\ls1 x is et]nal glory t !y   
hate 9 y4 ,x  is ! adorable "n ( ,jesus 
,*ri/ :i* !y p]secute 9 y4  ,?is is to  
y\r honor2 & all[ me to say1 x is to !  
p>ticul> glory ( t society ) :i*        
,belgium is honor$1  t society :i* has  
provid$ = y\r *ildr5 su* highly         
accompli%$ & dev\t ma/]s1 t society !   
memb]s (  :i* cultivate s successfully 9
 y\r mid/ ! sci5ces &  lett]s1 & :o are1
 ,i may say1 ! pr9ces ( le>n+ & (       
,ca?olic div9ity4 7,applause47    ,b if 
,jesus ,*ri/ has pr$ict$ p]secution1 he 
says to u at  ! same "t1 ,fe> n2 nolite 
tim]e4 ,& ,/4 ,augu/9e  9 8 admirable   
comm5t on ?is exhortation says3 ,y      
compla91  y are a/oni%$1 at see+ a flood
 ( p]secution ris+  aga9/ y4 ,y cry out1
 ,:]e1 !n1 ,o ,"l6 is ?y ju/ice8  ,b    

,god answ]s y1 ,:]e1 !n1 is y\r fai?8   
,did ,i promise  y any?+ else ?an f !   
height ( my cross ,i baptiz$ y  9 my    
blood8 ,did y become a ,*ri/ian 9 ord]  
to enjoy "h  bel[ all temporal          
prosp]ity8 ,num quid ,*ri/ianus factus  
es  ut 9 hoc saeculo flor]es8    ,let u 
look m closely into ?is great "q4 ,x may
  c]ta9ly be ask$1 ,s9ce ,god holds 9 8 
et]nal h&s !  he>ts ( all nations 9 e   
age--s9ce he c turn ! he>ts  ( pr9ces z 
he wills1 may x n be presum$ t he w put 
a  *eck ^u ! passions ( m51 & all[ 8    
*ildr5 to enjoy  et]nal peace8 ,well1   
no4 ,z high1 says ! prophet1 z !  heav5s
 are above ! e>?1 s high are my ?\ghts  
above  y\rs4 ,:at1 !n1 does he to :om   
belongs ! wisdom & !  p[] ?9k on ?is    
subject8 ,g5tlem51 ,god1 9 8 et]nal     
c\ncils1 has judg$ t !re is no?+ m      
glori\s = him1  no?+ m salut>y = man1   
?an t good 0 to prevail by  conflict4   
,ov]come evil ) good1 is ! t[] ( /r5g? (
  ! div9e p[]4 ,god has ?\ght--& let ?is
 ?\ght1  g5tlem51 s9k deep into y\r     

he>ts2 = y all1 :atev] y\r  condition 9 
life1 h ne$ frequ5tly to m$itate ^u ^?  
tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity :i* are at once a  
solid f\ndation  & a glori\s cr[n2 ,god 
has ?\ght1 ,i say1 t conflict 9  ?is _w 
is necess>y1 t x is m wor?y ( him1 & m  
wor?y ( u4 ,9 leav+ m5 free to *oose !  
good1 ,god kn[s  t !re is ! possibility 
( evil1 :i* he has1 !reby1  haz>d$2 b he
 has orda9$ t !re %all be conflict &    
/ruggle1 )\t :i* t glori\s ?+ we call   
virtue1  virtus1 w\ld be unkn[n 9 ! _w4 
#eij    ,& n only has he ?\ght t1 ev5   
aft] ! fall1 we 7  /ill great en\gh to  
be equal to great trials1 b he has      
?\ght1 also1 t x w\ld be m wor?y ( him &
 ( u =  u to pass ?r\gh ^? trials4 ,s1  
g5tlem51 :5 ,*ri/  desc5d$ on e>?1 he   
*ose ! lot ( suff]+ & ( !  cross4 ,& ,/4
 ,paul has f\nd ?is f\ndation s solid1 t
 he  has made x ! basis ( 8 doctr9e :5  
he says t x 0  necess>y t ,*ri/ %\ld    
suff] 9 ord] t he might be  rais$ 9     
glory4    ,well1 p]mit me1 g5tlem51 to  
use ?is pla9ness ( spee*1 =  we are "h z

 a family4 ,i believe t ,god has judg$  
rightly4 ,i  believe t bold adv]s>ies   
are bett] = u ?an p>tial  fri5ds &      
unb\nd$ prosp]ity4 ,i believe t he w    
nev]  leave our suff]+s )\t _!          
comp5sations4 ,!re is no age  t has n _h
 its glory4 ,!re are p]iods (           
consolation4  ,sometimes ! sun rises &  
all seems easy4    ,we are told 9       
,scripture t ^! bright p]iods (t5 foll[ 
! d>kness4 ,!re are times :5 ! light (  
fai? seems to be  obscur$4 ,!re are     
sometimes griev\s misund]/&+s among  !  
fri5ds ( ,god1 & sometimes deplorable   
manife/ations (  self-w4 ,9 ?is season (
 d>kness1 "u ! cov] ( ?is  night1 !     
bea/s ( prey leave _! hid+-places3 9    
ipsa  hora p]transibunt be/iae4 ,we he> 
m5 say+1 ,god is evil4  ,prop]ty is     
robb]y4 ,we mu/ h a new morality4 ,& !y 
w\ld  in/il ^! ?+s into ! m9ds ( y\r    
wives & y\r  *ildr54 ,?is is :at we he> 
9 ! night4 ,b ! sun rises1  & imm$iately
 ^! creatures retire into _! holes4     
7,laught]47 ,!n ! good man op5s 8 door1 

sees t !  wea!r is f9e1 t ! sky is cle>1
 & he goes =? to  works ( *>ity &       
virtue1 labor+ on 9 lively hope until ! 
return ( ! d>kness4 7,applause47    ,x  
is true t1 :5 we see s mu* evil 9 ! _w1 
:5 we  feel x ne> to u1 & exp]i5ce its  
effects1 we are apt to  become al>m$4 ,b
 t w\ld be wrong4 ,a %ort "t ago1 on    
return+ f ,rome1 :]e e "o goes =        
consolation &  hope1 ,i pass$ ?r\gh     
,pisa1 :]e ,i f\nd an admirable type (  
! *ur* 9 ! lean+ t[] ( :i* y h all he>d4
  ,^? :o are ignorant ( ! secret ( !    
skilful ar*itect to  :om we are indebt$ 
= ?is wond]ful monum5t1 _c  contemplate 
x )\t a c]ta9 degree ( fe>4 ,b !        
craz9ess ( ! /ructure is 9 appe>ance    
only4 ,x is ! same  ) ! *ur*1 :i* !     
,scriptures call ! ,t[] ( ,david1       
7,turris ,davidcea17 surr\nd$ by a ?\s& 
def5ces4 ,:5  ?is lean+ t[] raises      
itself1 x is l ,/4 ,pet]'s at  ,rome--an
 incomp>able monum5t1 gr&1 maje/ic1 %9+ 
z if  light$ ) ! fire ( ! sett+ sun4 ,at
 ?is sight1  g5tlem51 we console        

ourselves1 & take fre% c\rage1 say+  to 
ourselves1 ,:5 afflictions come1 ,i w   
?9k ( ,/4 ,pet]'s  at ,rome1 ev5 :5 x   
appe>s l ! lean+ t[] ( ,pisa4           
7,applause47    ,?is1 g5tlem51 is :at ,i
 h to say to y ab\t t conflict  to :i*  
we are call$ to devote our /r5g?1 to    
consecrate our  life1 & ev5 our dea?4   
,yes1 g5tlem51 :51 ^u my arrival  "h1 ,i
 saw ! illu/ri\s writ] :o is n[ y\r ho/ 
/ruggl+ ) sickness & suff]+1 at ! "t :5 
he 0  requir$ to write "s ( ^? pages :i*
 awak5 su* noble  s5tim5ts 9 our s\ls1 !
 reflection =c$ itself ^u me3 ,x  is ?us
 t we %\ld combat1 & nev] yield4 7,!    
orator 0  "h ab\t to leave ! plat=m1 b !
 opposition &  entreaties ( ! audi5ce   
prev5t$ him47    #eia    ,i crave y\r   
indulg5ce1 g5tlem51 he resum$2 x is n[  
two  ye>s s9ce ,i h op5$ my m\? 9 my    
diocese4 ,b let x be  z y wi%2 only ,i  
?r[ ! responsibility ^u y ( mak+  my    
peace = me ) ! p ( ,orleans4            
7,orleanius47 7,great  m]rim5t47 ,i w   
add a few words respect+ ! conditions ( 

?is conflict4    ,! fir/ is c\rage4     
,sa9t ,james ! ,evangeli/1 9 address+   
himself to "y m51 calls ^u !m to be     
/rong1 to be  c\rage\s2 he says to !m1  
,i speak to y because y are  /rong3 quia
 =tis e/is4 ,i c say no m to y ?an  ?is3
 ,be c\rage\s1 nev] yield4 ,rememb] t y 
are1 e  day & "u all circum/ances1 call$
 ^u to resi/4    ,b !re is some?+ great]
 & m endur+ ?an c\rage3 x  is           
devot$ness4 ,yes1 g5tlem51 y mu/ be     
devot$1 9 ord]  t y may be ! true fri5ds
 ( ! poor1 ( ! work+  p1 ( ^? :o suff] &
 :o weep1 ! support ( all  ^? works :i* 
is ! life1 ! s\l ( ! *ur*1 !  blood--if 
,i may s speak--:i* circulates 9 its    
ve9s4    ,! ?ird quality :i* is dem&$ 9 
?is conflict is  patriotism4 ,o         
patriotism6 ,i ne$ n enl>ge ^u x 9 my   
spee*4 ,i w simply cont5t myself ) say+ 
to y1 ,y h  a c\ntry2 "k h[ to def5d x4 
7,imm5se applause47 ,y h  ! arts3 9 ?is 
respect !re is no nation t surpasses y1 
& b "o at mo/ t equals y4 ,y h indu/ry1 
comm]ce1  names among ! mo/ honor$ 9    

,europe4 ,y h ,i "k n h[  mu* ( g5]\s1  
in/9ctive impulses aga9/ oppression1    
aga9/ debas+ vices1 aga9/ ev]y?+ mean & 
degrad+4  ,*]i%1 !n1 ! /ronge/ atta*m5t 
to y\r c\ntry1 & see  t y pres]ve x4    
,i 0 told a few days ago t a j\rnal ( "s
 "* _h  said t ,belgium is ! s9k (      
,europe4 ,i said to myself1 ?is  is n   
abuse4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 no nation ( :i* 
s mu* c  be said 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,i wi%  
n[ to speak4 ,i myself1  g5tlem51 saw   
pro( ( ?is 9 walk+ ?r\gh y\r city       
ye/]day4 ,9 ! /reet :i* runs along !    
magnific5t city  hotel ( ,brussels my   
eyes fell ^u ?is sign3 ,lib]al          
,association & ,con/itutional ,union (  
,brussels4 ,& :at  0 !re bel[8 ,a       
w9e-%op2 & l[] d[n ano!r w9e-%op1  hav+ 
= a sign ! words to ,hell4 7,g5]al      
m]rim5t47 ,?is1  alas6 is n all t ,i h  
se5 9 ,brussels1 g5tlem52 b ,i  pass on4
    ,! f\r? condition ( ! conflict is   
labor4 ,oh6 h[ ,i wi%  t ! ,ca?olics 7 !
 mo/ dilig5t1 ! mo/ labori\s (  m54     
,yes2 :atev] y may be1 "w w b5efit y\r  

family1  y\r po/]ity4 ,dep5d ^u x1      
g5tlem51 ! de/9ies ( !  _w are 9 ! h&s (
 ^? :o "k h[ to "w4    ,to ?is          
condition1 to indu/ry1 to sci5ce1 ,i    
w\ld add  intellig5ce & prud5ce4 ,& "h  
aga91 g5tlem51 x is our  ,"l himself :o 
gives u c\nsel3 we are to h1 he says1 ! 
artlessness ( ! dove1 ) ! wisdom ( !    
s]p5t4 ,yes1  g5tlem51 h[ev] mu* ^!     
words may h be5 abus$1 ,i  insi/ ^u !m1 
& ,i call ^u y to give he$ to !m4 ,we   
mu/ ex]cise t prud5ce ( :i* ! s]p5t is !
 symbol 9  ! language ( ! ea/4 ,we mu/  
use our judgm5t2 we mu/  intellig5tly   
apply our pr9ciples2 we mu/ ma9ta9 t    
good  und]/&+ :i* %\ld ev] exi/ among   
bre?r54  #eib  ,to give up t to ! enemy 
to trample "u 8 feet1 w\ld be  trea*]y4 
7,applause47 ,we mu/ seek to und]/& !   
times 9  :i* we live & ! wants ( !      
times1 ! adv]s>ies :om we  h to combat &
 ! means we ought to employ 9 meet+ !m1 
z ,god & revelation p]mit & dem& ( u4   
7,applause47    ,!re is ano!r po9t on   
:i* y w all[ me to insi/4 ,:5  ,i _h !  

honor ( be+ receiv$ 9 ! ,fr5* ,academy1 
,i 0  requir$ to make a spee*4 ,9 se>*+ 
= a subject suit$ to  ! times 9 :i* we  
live1 ,i rememb]$ ! words ( an          
hi/orian3 ,we h long s9ce lo/ ! true    
mean+ ( words4  ,?is1 g5tlem51 is a     
pr(\nd rem>k4 ,! high] philosophy1  :i* 
is 9 accord ) ,*ri/ianity1 proclaims its
 tru?2 words1  :i* are ! signs ( ideas1 
are ! gr& ri*es ( humanity2  !y are !   
common treasure4 ,to adopt ! language ( 
!  adv]s>ies ( t philosophy1 &          
,*ri/ianity1 is1 to speak  pla9ly1 !    
greate/ fault :i* hone/ m5 c commit4    
,:at are ! words ) :i* ! sixte5? &      
sev5te5?  c5turies a*iev$ _! success8   
:at are ^? :i* are 9 !  pres5t day s mu*
 abus$8 ,!re are ?ree ( !m3  ,re=m]s1   
,philosoph]s1 & 7s9ce !y take great     
pleasure 9 be+ call$ s7 ,lib]als4       
,re=m]s6 ,we mu/ confess t ! ?+ indicat$
 by  ?is ^w is m /range ev5 ?an ! ^w    
itself4 ,y h !  ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t :i* has 
labor$ cont9ually to re=m !  *ur*4 ,9   
?is _w m5 are ! deposit>ies ( div9e     

tru?1  & ,i ne$ h>dly tell y t1 :]e man 
is conc]n$1  imp]fection mu/ always be  
look$ =4 ,well1 g5tlem51 !  *ur* is a   
society :i* re=ms itself2 = ?is purpose 
%e  has held a ?\s& c\ncils1 & ! ,c\ncil
 ( ,tr5t decid$  t !re %\ld n be a      
session 9 :i* re=m %\ld n be  consid]$4 
,we h re=m1 !n1 on our side4 ,:at h !y  
on  ! o!r8 ,!y h ,lu!r1 ) ! religion :i*
 he br\ght  f ! cloi/]2 ,calv91 ) a     
society ( ! same nature2                
,o,ecolampadius1 etc4 ,& ^! 7 ! m5 :o   
devot$ !mselves  to ! "w ( re=m+ !      
*ur*--! *ur*1 g5tlem51 :i*  !y call$    
,babylon6 ,z = !m1 x 0 ! ,holy          
,j]usalem1  :i* !y peopl$ ) _! wives &  
_! *ildr56    ,b :at is /ill m          
extraord9>y is ! abuse :i* has be5  made
 ( ! ^w lib]al4 ,:5 ,c\nt ,felix de     
,m]ode--a  man ^: "n ,i feel d\bly      
honor$ 9 pron\nc+ "h--a man  :o f\ght to
 reconqu] religi\s1 civil1 & political  
lib]ty  = 8 c\ntry--:5 he he>d 8        
adv]s>ies call$ lib]als1  he indignantly
 exclaim$3 ,!y are n lib]als1 !y are    

lib]t9es4 ,x is z impossible to call !m 
lib]als z x w\ld  be to call a "m a     
b>b>\s "m4    ,g5tlem51 is all ?is :at  
!y call lib]alism8 ,i h lately  he>d    
,ju>ez spok5 ( z a lib]al4 ,x is n t ,i 
w\ld judge  ! m5 :o claim ?is title1 b  
,i believe !y d n  und]/& ! ?+4 ,= my "p
 ,i w\ld n apply ! t]m to  !m4 ,&       
,g>ibaldi1 g5tlem51 is ano!r lib]al4    
,li/5 to 8  language3 ,my fri5ds1 my    
*ildr5--?is man has some?+  pat]nal ab\t
 him 7laught]7--we mu/ cru% ! sac]dotal 
vampire2 z = ! prie/s1 we mu/ break _!  
heads on !  pavem5t ( ! /reets4 ,:at a  
lib]al6 ,ah6 g5tlem51 if  ,bossuet1 if  
,f5elon1 if ,b\rdal\e1 c\ld come back to
 ?is  _w1 !y w\ld say to u1 ,b :at h y  
clone ) ?is  beautiful ,fr5* language8  
#eic  ,a lib]al6 ,b 9 our e/imation he  
is ! lib]al man :o does  n d5y to o!rs !
 same ju/ice & tru? :i* he claims to  h 
himself4 ,! ,portuguese ,freemasons :o  
drove out ! ,si/]s  ( ,*>ity1 ^? ( y :o 
insult !m1 are /ill lib]als6 ,i  say    
aga91 ! ?+ is intol]able2 & if ,i 7 a   

,belgian ,i  w\ld nev] betray my        
language1 my honor1 & my consci5ce by   
giv+ su* a "n to su* m54 7,applause47   
,& s f> z we are conc]n$1 y "k1 g5tlem51
 h[ !y pay  u back4 ,!y call u ! cl]ical
 p>ty--t is to say1 fools  ( ! sacri/y2 
or bett] /ill1 ! prie/ p>ty4 ,%all ,i   
rem9d y ( ,voltaire1 :o inv5t$ ! "n     
wret*1 by :i* he  designat$ ! *ur*8 ,&  
:at "n did he be>8 ,he 0 call$          
philosoph]4 ,g5tlem51 !y w\ld nev] get  
me to give ! title  ( philosoph] to a   
d',holba*1 to a ,lamettrie1 to any ( ^? 
wick$ m51 conspir+ ) _! ma/] to cru% !  
wret*4 ,i  und]/& t !y contemplate      
erect+ a /atue to ! man :o  has giv5 ?is
 "n to ,*ri/ianity4 ,= my "p1 ,i say !y 
w  h rais$ a /atue to infamy p]sonifi$4 
7,prolong$ *e]s47 ,i  am prep>$ to meet 
any oppon5t on ?is gr\nd2 & ,i w        
promise to give him1 :5ev] he wi%es to h
 !m1 su* pro(s  ( :at ,i say z w res\nd 
?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,europe4  ,?is viol5ce 
done to common s5se1 to hone/y1 to ,fr5*
 honor1  is revolt+ to me4 ,i repeat x1 

!y are rais+ a /atue to  infamy         
p]sonifi$4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,orleans c ?9k   
no?+  bett]1 c say no?+ bett] ( x4      
7,prolong$ applause47    ,y see1 !n1 t  
we mu/ h c\rage1 devot$ness1            
patriotism1 prud5ce1 & intellig5ce2 ,i w
 add to ^!  mod]ation & g5tl5ess4 ,did n
 ,*ri/ say to 8 ,apo/les1 ,i  s5d y =? z
 %eep among wolves8 ,p]haps y w say to  
me1 ,b y give u sev]al applications (   
?is evangelical  say+ :i* x w n be>4    
,g5tlem51 x is n[h]e  =bidd5 to ! %eph]d
 to give ! al>m ( ! wolf1 & to  ! %eep  
to believe x4 ,yes1 we mu/ be g5tle1 &  
,sa9t  ,*ryso/om1 comm5t+ on ^! words1  
says3 ,we require  protectors :o attack 
little1 b :o def5d well--pro            
pugnatorem1 non impugnatorem ,x is 9 ?is
 way1  g5tlem5--x is by g5tl5ess--t we  
are to conqu]4 ,b if1  in/ead ( be+     
%eep1 we become wolves by abuse1 if we  
wi% to  conqu] & n to be conv9c$1 we run
 ! risk ( be+  vanqui%$4 ,si lupi sumus 
v9cimur4    ,& n[1 to conclude1 ,i w\ld 
express to y ! deepe/  impressions ( my 

s\l4 ,t :i* ,i admire mo/ 9 ?is         
beautiful creation ( ! ,deity1 :i* makes
 man l ! angels1  is ! flame ( love :i* 
,god has k9dl$ 9 8 s\l4  ,g5tlem51 :at d
 ! radiant looks ( ?is assembly1 ?is    
clapp+ ( h&s1 ^! outbur/s ( en?usiasm1  
express8 ,!y  express love4 ,y love1    
g5tlem51 & y love nobly4 ,y love  !     
*ur*1 y\r "m4 ,ah6 y d well to love h] )
 !  pure/ & mo/ g5]\s love6 ,! *ur* is !
 fell[%ip (  s\ls2 h]e9 is h] beauty &  
h] immortal glory4 ,?is is :y1  al?\gh  
%e is 9 ! _w1 %e is n ( ! _w4 ,%e lives 
by fai?1 hope1 & love4 ,%e believes1 %e 
hopes1 %e loves4  ,?is e>? is only !    
place ( h] pilgrimage2 ,heav5 is h]     
c\ntry1 ! ,k+ ( ,heav5 is h] fa!r1      
,jesus ,*ri/ is h]  immortal sp\se1 !   
,holy ,_s h] inspir] & h] guide4  #eid  
,%e has h] pontiffs1 :om y v5]ate1 h]   
doctors1 h]  prie/s4 ,!re1 at lea/1 we  
f9d "h bel[ a div9e &  un*angeable      
con/itution4 ,built on a rock t c nev]  
be  mov$1 we h a supreme au?ority1 a    
tea*able p1 fai?ful  m9i/]s1 &1 9 %ort1 

7n to speak ( o!rs17 rights  scrupul\sly
 respect$1 & duties fai?fully p]=m$4    
7,applause47    ,t :i* seems a/oni%+ at 
fir/ sight is1 t ! *ur*1  not)/&+ h]    
div9e orig9 & h] immortal de/9ies1  %\ld
 s (t5 come to u ) ?orns on h] br[4 ,b  
?is is  because %e comes f ,calv>y1 & h]
 favorite /ra9s 7  ^? :i* inspir$ ,sa9t 
,paul :5 he said1 ,god =bid t ,i  %\ld  
glory save 9 ! cross ( ,jesus ,*ri/4    
,among ! songs  ( gladness sung by !    
*ur*1 z %e travels ?r\gh ?is  _w1 !re   
are none m de> to h] ?an ^? :i*         
celebrate  ! passion1 ! temptations1 !  
sorr[s ( ,calv>y4 ,^! are  h] h\sehold  
words4 ,we feel t %e receiv$ !m f !  dy+
 lips ( a div9e be+2 b1 %>+ ! grief ( ! 
,god-man1 %e %\ld g =? ) him f ! tomb to
 cov] !  e>? ) h] *ildr51 9 innum]able  
multitudes4    ,! *ur* mu/ expect to    
meet "h bel[ ) indiff]5ce1 )  adv]s>ies1
 ) p]secutors4 ,?is has be5 ann\nc$1 or 
r  promis$1 to h]2 %e is n to enjoy :]e 
%e has n suff]$2  at "s "t or o!r we all
 suff]1 we die = h]4 ,yes6 ,%e  always  

has m>tyrs1 & x is only rec5tly t sev]al
 h  be5 laid ^u ! alt>4 ,ah6 x is dur+  
^! fe/ivals1  g5tlem51 t y %\ld see !   
*ur* 9 ord] to feel h[  h] he>t beats4  
,on ! rec5t occasion ! ,vic> ( ,jesus   
,*ri/  0 surr\nd$ by five hundr$ bi%ops1
 :o ha/5$ to him f  all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,y 
%\ld h se5 ! gladness1 !  glory1 !      
univ]sal en?usiasm :i* prevail$4 ,we    
f\nd !re a  /r5g? to enc\nt] any?+--to g
 freely1 *e]fully1 to  ,abyss9ia1 to    
,india1 to ,am]ica1 ev]y:]e4 ,h[        
vigor\s1 h[  deep1 h[ indissoluble is ! 
union ( s\ls6 ,behold ! *ur*  "h1 z we h
 se5 h] & exp]i5c$ h] p[]6 ,am]ica s5t  
?irty-five bi%ops2 = a c5tury %e _h n m 
?an "o4 ,at  ! la/ c\ncil ( ,baltimore  
!re 7 =ty-?ree1 & !  ,am]ican bi%ops1 on
 leav+ ,rome1 obta9$ f ! ,holy ,fa!r  ! 
erection ( tw5ty-?ree dioceses4 ,y see  
h[ fruitful is  ?is immortal cause (    
y\rs4    ,& 9 ! mid/ ( all ^! is ! gr&  
?\ght ( !  ,sov]eign ,pontiff proclaim+ 
! utility & ! necessity ( a  g5]al      
c\ncil4 ,!re is wisdom1 !re is en]gy6   

,no1 g5tlem51  ,i h nev] se5 a f9] sight
 ?an ?is old man go+ direct to  8 object
 ) a firmness :i* no?+ c ov]come4 ,all  
ar\nd  him may be 9 a /ate ( tr\ble2 !  
e>? may fail "u 8  feet2 /ill he ma9ta9s
 8 gr\nd1 & ! *ur* %all h  h] c\ncil4   
,yes1 g5tlem51 ! k+doms ( ?is e>? may be
  remov$1 incl9ata sunt regna2 b !      
bi%ops w "o  day meet 9 c\ncil1 & ) !   
*ief w hold =? ! light  to ^? :o require
 _! help4 ,! *ur* %all h its  c\ncil1 9 
ord] t disputes may cease1 t peace may  
dwell  9 our he>ts2 t ! p may be drawn  
into ! arms (  _! common fa!r1 s t !re  
%all be b "o flock & b  "o %eph]d4      
--------    #eie                 ,!     
,reign ( ,law4 ,footnote #ef            
,footnote #ef3 ,! ,reign ( ,law4 ,by !  
,duke ( ,argyll4       ,london3 ,/rahan1
 #ahfg4 #hvo1 pp4 #dce4      ,!re is mu*
 9 ?is "w t we hold to be true &        
important1  :5 consid]$ by itself1 )\t  
ref]5ce to ! g5]al views  or doctr9es ( 
! au?or2 b !y are s int]wov5 ) o!r  ?+s1
 t to u are evid5tly unsci5tific or     

untrue1 t  !y lose ne>ly all _!         
practical value4 ,! au?or c]ta9ly  does 
n lack ability1 & is app>5tly le>n$ 9 ! 
sci5ces2  b1 unhappily = su* a "w z he  
appe>s to h m$itat$1  he is no !ologian 
& no philosoph]4 ,!re is su* a want (   
di/9ctness 9 8 pr9ciples1 & ( cle>ness &
 precision 9  8 /atem5ts1 t1 ) ! be/    
int5tions 9 ! _w to  und]/& him1 we are 
unable to make out to our own           
satisfaction  :at he is driv+ at1 or =  
:at purpose he has writt5 8  book4    ,!
 topics treat$ are2    #a4 ,!           
sup]natural2    #b4 ,law--its           
def9itions2    #c4 ,contrivance1 a      
necessity aris+ out ( ! reign ( law2    
#d4 ,app>5t exceptions to ! supremacy ( 
purpose2    #e4 ,creation by law2    #f4
 ,law 9 ! realm ( m9d2    #g4 ,law 9    
politics4    ,^! are great topics1 & are
 intimately connect$ )  !ology &        
philosophy1 fai? & religion4 ,b :at has 
!  au?or propos$ to himself 9 treat+ !m8
 ,:at g5]al view (  religion or ( sci5ce
 does he seek to br+ out1 illu/rate1 or 

e/abli%8 ,we c f9d 9 8 book no          
satisfactory answ] to  ei!r ( ^!        
que/ions4 ,he is a savant1 n a          
philosoph]1 & !re seems to be 9 8 m9d & 
9 8 book  ! same want ( unity & :ol5ess1
 ! same t5d5cy to lose  itself 9        
details1 t !re is & mu/ be 9 ! special  
or  inductive sci5ces :5 n subord9at$ to
 a g5]al or a  sup]ior sci5ce1 to be    
suppli$ only by !ology or philosophy1   
:i* deals ) ! ideal1 ! univ]sal1 & !    
necess>y2 &  we f9d x impossible to     
h>monize ! sev]al special views  :i* he 
takes1 integrate !m 9 any g5]al view :i*
 x c  be suppos$ t he accepts1 or :i* he
 is n f\nd1 fir/ or  la/1 directly or   
indirectly impugn+4 ,we und]/& well     
en\gh  8 language1 :i* is simple & cle>1
 s f> z ! words &  s5t5ces g2 we und]/&1
 too1 ! p>ts ( 8 book tak5  sep>ately2 b
 we frankly confess our inability to put
 !  sev]al p>ts toge!r & und]/& !m z a  
:ole4    ,our fir/ impression1 on look+ 
?r\gh ! "w1 0 t !  au?or wi%$ to        
h>monize ! sci5ces ) ! great prim>y     

tru?s ( religion1 by %[+ t ! univ]se 9  
all its  dep>tm5ts1 laws1 facts1 &      
ph5om5a proce$s f a  productive w "u !  
direction ( m9d or intellig5ce1 =  a    
purpose or end4 ,9 ?is view ! laws (    
nature1 produc+  effects 9 _! ord]1 c\ld
 be c>ri$ up = _! fir/ cause  to ! div9e
 w1 or t w itself us+ ! in/rum5tality  (
 laws or means x _h itself creat$4 ,to  
h>monize ! sci5ces  ) fai?1 or to r5d]  
!m compatible ) fai?1 all t  w\ld ne$ to
 be done w\ld be to %[ t s9ce ! s-call$ 
natural laws !mselves dep5d :olly on    
,god1 !y c nev]  re/ra9 8 fre$om1 or    
compel him to act ?r\gh !m1 & only      
?r\gh !m4 ,we w n say t he has n _h     
some?+ (  ! sort 9 view2 b1 c]ta9ly1 n  
uni=mly & /eadily4    #eif    ,we ?\ght1
 aga91 t hav+ ! same end 9 view1 he wi%$
 to  %[ t all ?+s are produc$ accord+ to
 "o & ! same  dialectic law1 & !re=e1 t 
view$ z a :ole1 9 its  pr9ciple1 m$ium1 
& end1 z ! ext]nal expression ( !  ,holy
 ,tr9ity1 :i* ,god is 9 himself1 !      
univ]se mu/ be  really dialectic1 &     

/rictly logical 9 all its p>ts4         
,creation  is ! ext]nal ^w ( ,god1 z !  
,son is 8 int]nal ^w or  expression4 ,z 
! ,creator is 9 himself ! supreme logic1
  ,greek text1 logic itself1 creation z 
8 expression ad  extra1 or ext]nal      
image1 mu/ be z a :ole & 9 all its  p>ts
 /rictly logical1 z ,/4 ,?omas implies  
:5 he says1 ,god  is ! similitude ( all 
?+s--similitudo r]um omnium4  ,n t !    
type ( ,god is 9 ! creature1 z ! noble  
duke  m ?an once implies2 b t ! type ( !
 creature1 (  creation1 is 9 ,god4 ,h5ce
 !re c be no anomalies1 no sophisms  9 !
 ,creator's works2 no?+ arbitr>y1       
caprici\s2 b ord]  mu/ run ?r\gh all1 & 
all mu/ be subject$ to ! law (  ord]1   
impli$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ,scripture1 ,god   
ha? made all  ?+s by weight & measure4  
,! au?or1 !n1 might be  und]/ood z      
attempt+1 by 8 k ( ! physical  sci5ces1 
to prove  po/]iori t ?is is true1 & to  
%[ t ?is law ( ord] reigns 9 ! _w (     
matt] & 9  ! realm ( m9d1 9 ! plant & 9 
! animal1 9 sci5ce &  9 fai?1 9 religion

 & 9 politics1 z ! univ]sal law (       
creation4 ,h5ce1 ! possibility & reality
 ( sci5ce1 :i*  consi/s 9 recogniz+ ?is 
law & trac+ x 9 all ?+s1  little or     
great4    ,"s ?+s1 ! au?or says1 may be 
con/ru$ 9 favor ( su* a  purpose1 b he  
seems sometimes to be ass]t+ ! univ]sal 
reign ( law & at o!rs to be c5sur+ ^? :o
 d ass]t  x1 & refut+ ^? :o ma9ta9 t    
life is ! product (  law3 pla9ly %[+ t  
he does n und]/& law 9 ! s5se  suppos$1 
nor always 9 ! same s5se4 ,8 def9itions 
( law  also prove t he is a /rang] to ! 
view we sugge/1 & has  8 m9d fix$ on    
some?+ q diff]5t4 ,! root idea (  law1  
he says1 is t ( =ce2 & he def9es law to 
be 9 its  prim>y s5se w en=c+ itself )  
p[]--a v  errone\s def9ition1 by ! way1 
= law is w direct$ by  reason4 ,he also 
und]/&s by x ! means1 m$ium1 or         
in/rum5t by :i* w creates1 = he does n  
seem to hold  t ,god creates f no?+1 or 
)\t means di/+ui%able  f himself2 s we  
are ?r[n back1 & aga9 puzzl$ to  det]m9e
 :at he really does mean4 ,we ask       

ourselves if he is n  a really pr(\nd   
!ologian1 ma/] ( ! deepe/ ,*ri/ian      
philosophy1 & simply endeavor+ to       
translate x into !  language ( ! savans1
 or if he is n totally ignorant  ( t    
philosophy1 sugge/+ to ^? :o "k x f> m  
?an  he has ev] dream$ ( himself8       
,some?+ almo/ incl9es u to  ?9k ! =m]2 b
 ^u ! :ole we incl9e to ! latt]1  &     
conclude t ! less pr(\nd 9 philosophy & 
!ology we  reg>d him1 ! great] ! ju/ice 
we %all d him4    ,! au?or1 z ne> z we c
 come at 8 mean+1 holds t all  action ( 
! div9e w is by law1 & t law is ! means 
or  in/rum5t by :i* x acts & produces   
its effects2 or1 9  o!r words1 ,god     
always & ev]y:]e makes use ( natural    
laws  or =ces to effect 8 purposes4     
#eig  ,! def9ition he has giv5 ( law 9  
its prim>y s5se1 w  en=c+ itself ) p[]1 
w\ld seem to id5tify x ) ,god  himself1 
or at lea/ ) ,god will+ & effect+ 8     
purpose2  b he says3 ,law is tak5 9     
c]ta9 d]ivative s5ses1 9 :i*  h>dly a   
trace ( ! prim>y s5se is reta9$3        

#a4 ,law z appli$ simply to an obs]v$   
ord] ( facts4      #b4 ,to t ord] z     
involv+ ! action ( "s =ce or    =ces1 ( 
:i* no?+ m may be kn[n4      #c4 ,z     
appli$ to individual =ces ! measure ( ^:
    op]ation has be5 m or less def9$ or 
asc]ta9$4      #d4 ,z appli$ to ^?      
comb9ations ( =ce :i* h    ref]5ce to ! 
fulfilm5t ( purpose or ! dis*>ge (      
function4      #e4 ,z appli$ to !       
ab/ract conceptions ( m9d1 n            
correspond+ ) any actual ph5om5a1 b     
d$uc$ !refrom    z axioms ( ?\ght       
necess>y to our und]/&+ (    !m--n m]ely
 to an ord] ( facts1 b to an ord] (     
?\ght4 7,pp4 #fd1 #fe47    ,! la/ s5se  
giv5 to law proves cle>ly en\gh t !     
au?or  kn[s no?+ ( philosophy1 = x      
supposes ! ideal or !  intelligible is  
an ab/ract m5tal conception d$uc$ f     
s5sible ph5om5a1 & !re=e is objectively 
no?+1 in/ead  ( be+ an objective reality
 affirm$ to & appreh5d$ by !  m9d4 ,he  
is "o :o places ! type ( 8 ,god 9 !     
creature1  n ! type ( ! creature 9 ,god1

 & repres5ts ,god to  himself z !       
creature fulfill$ or p]fect$1 z d all   
inductive philosoph]s4 ,b we w pass ov] 
?is1 z hav+  be5 already amply discuss$ 
9 ?is magaz9e4    ,we confess t we f9d v
 little t is def9ite 9 ^!  pret5d$      
def9itions ( law4 ,!y tell u to :at     
classes (  facts law is appli$1 b d n   
tell u :at law is1 or def9e  :e!r x is !
 =ce :i* produces ! facts to :i* x is   
appli$ or simply ! rule accord+ to :i*  
!y are produc$2  :e!r x designates !    
ord] ( _! production or is simply  _!   
classification4 ,! au?or may reply t x  
is appli$ 9  all ^! s5ses & sev]al m1 b 
t def9es no?+4 ,:at  is x 9 itself1 ap>t
 f its application1 or ! mann] ( its    
use8 ,a ^w1 & no?+ m8 ,!n x is no?+1 is 
unreal1 a  nullity1 & h[ !n c x ev] be a
 =ce1 or ev5 an  in/rum5t ( =ce8 ,^!    
great lead+ significations ( !  ^w law1 
he cont9ues1 all circle r\nd ! ?ree     
great  que/ions :i* sci5ce asks (       
nature1 ! ,:at1 ! ,h[1 &  ! ,:y3        
#a4 ,:at are ! facts 9 _! e/abli%$ ord]8

      #b4 ,h[1 t is1 f :at physical     
causes1 does t ord]    come to be8      
#c4 ,:y h ^? causes be5 s comb9$8 ,:at  
relation d    !y be> to purpose1 to !   
fulfilm5t ( int5tion1 to !    dis*>ge ( 
function8 7,p4 #fe47    ,?is w\ld be v  
well1 if ! sci5ces rais$ no que/ions    
beyond ! ord] ( second causes1 b ?is is 
n ! case4 ,!  au?or himself br+s 9 o!r  
?an physical causes4 ,w is n1  9 !      
ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w1 physical2 & he      
def9es law  to be1 9 its prim>y s5se1 w 
en=c+ itself ) p[]2  & ! "q comes up1   
,if ^! facts ( nature are !  product (  
w1 ( ^: w8 ,does nature w or act f  w8  
,is x by its w fire melts wax1 ! w9ds   
propel ! %ip  at sea1 or ! lightn+ r5ds 
! oak8 ,! au?or speaks ( !  facts (     
nature4 ,fact is some?+ done1 &  implies
 a do]2 :at or :o1 !n1 is ! do]8 ,"h is 
a great  "q :i* ! au?or raises1 & :i* 8 
def9itions (  law exclude4 ,! :5ce is z 
important z ! :at1 ! h[1 or  ! :y4  #eih
  ,moreov]1 ! au?or mi/akes ! s5se ( !  
h[4 ,! answ] to  ! "q1 h[8 is n ! "q1 f 

or by :at cause or  causes1 b 9 :at mode
 or mann]4 ,law 9 ^! great lead+        
significations :i* circle r\nd ! :at1 ! 
h[1 & !  :y1 does 9 no s5se answ] ! "q  
:5ce1 or f :at or  by :at cause1 &      
leaves1 by ! way1 bo? ! fir/ cause &  ! 
m$ial cause1 ! pr9ciple & m$ium ( !     
facts obs]v$  & analyz$4 ,h[ !n c he    
ass]t ! univ]sal reign ( law8  ,z f> z  
we c collect f ! s5ses ( ! ^w giv51 law 
does n reign at all2 x lies 9 ! ord] (  
natural facts1 &  simply m>ks ! ord]1   
mann]1 & purpose ( _! exi/5ce 9  nature1
 or _! arrangem5t or classification 9   
our sci5tific  sy/ems4 ,no?+ m4    ,yet 
8 grace means m ?an ?is4 ,he means1     
sometimes at lea/1  t to arrange facts  
"u _! law is to r$uce !m to _!  physical
 cause or pr9ciple ( production4 ,su* & 
su* facts  owe _! exi/5ce to su* & su* a
 law1 t is1 to su* or  su* a natural    
cause or productive =ce4 ,& 8 doctr9e is
  t all causes are natural1 & t !re is  
no real  di/9ction betwe5 natural &     
sup]natural4 ,! tru? is1 he  says1 pp4  

#df-dg1 t !re is no su* di/9ction betwe5
 :at  we f9d 9 nature1 & :at we are     
call$ ^u to believe 9  religion1 z m5   
pret5d to draw betwe5 ! natural & !     
sup]natural4 ,x is a di/9ction purely   
artificial1  arbitr>y1 unreal4 ,nature  
pres5ts to our intellig5ce1 !  m cle>ly 
! m we se>* h]1 ! designs1 ideas1 &     
int5tions ( "s      ',liv+ w t %all     
endure1     ,:5 all t seems %all suff]  
%ock4'    ,b1 does nature :5 %e pres5ts 
! designs1 ! ideas1  int5tions1 pres5t !
 w ^: !y are8 ,& if s1 does %e  pres5t x
 z h] own w1 or z a w above h]self8     
,und\bt$ly1 ! w pres5t$ by religion is !
 same w t  is op]ative 9 nature1 b      
religion pres5ts t w n z  nature1 b z   
above nature1 !re=e z sup]natural1 =    
no?+ c be bo? itself & above itself4    
,nobody pret5ds1  c]ta9ly no !ologian   
pret5ds1 t ! w pres5t$ by  religion is  
above ! w t is op]ative 9 nature1 &     
calls  x = t reason sup]natural4 ,! w 9 
bo? is "o & !  same1 b religion ass]ts t
 x is alike sup]natural :e!r  9 religion

 or 9 nature4 ,t w is ! w ( ! creator3  
& does ! au?or mean to ass]t t !        
di/9ction betwe5  ! creator & ! creature
 is unreal8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,!n he  mu/ be  
mi/ak5 9 ass]t+ t ! di/9ction betwe5 !  
natural & sup]natural is purely         
artificial1 arbitr>y1  unreal1 & also 9 
controv]t+1 z he does1 ! ass]tion (  ,m4
 ,guizot t a belief 9 ! sup]natural is  
ess5tial to all  positive religion4 ,he 
himself admits1 p4 #dh1 t ,m4 ,guizot's 
affirmation is true 9 ! special s5se t  
belief 9 !  exi/5ce ( a liv+ w1 ( a     
p]sonal ,god1 is inde$ a  requisite     
condition1 & we w n be s unju/ z to     
suppose  t he ei!r id5tifies ?is liv+ w1
 ?is p]sonal ,god  ) nature1 or d5ies t 
he is above nature1 its fir/ &  f9al    
cause1 its pr9ciple1 m$ium1 & end1 its  
sov]eign  proprietor & supreme rul]2 =  
?is lies at ! v ?re%old  ( all true     
religion1 is a tru? ( reason1 & a       
necess>y  preamble to fai?4    ,b1 !    
au?or cont9ues1 ! intellectual yoke1 9 !
  common idea ( ! sup]natural1 is a yoke

 :i* m5 impose ^u  !mselves4 ,obscure   
?\ght & confus$ language are ! ma9      
s\rce ( ! difficulty4  #eii  ,9 ! case (
 ! noble duke1 p]haps s2 b if he _h be5 
famili> ) ! cle> ?\ght & di/9ct language
 ( !  !ologians1 he probably w\ld h     
exp]i5c$ no difficulty 9  ! case4 ,:at  
he really d5ies is n ! sup]natural1  b1 
if we may s speak1 ! contranatural1 :i* 
is a  v diff]5t ?+1 & :i* all real      
!ologians are z ready  & z e>ne/ to d5y 
z any "o is or c be2 = !y all hold      
grace is sup]natural1 & yet adopt !     
maxim1 gratia  supponit naturam1 z we h 
h]et(ore %[n 9 an article  on ,nature & 
,grace4 ,! au?or v conclusively %[s  t !
 contradictory ( :at is true 9 nature _c
 be true  9 religion4 ,"s pret5d$       
philosoph]s 9 ! "t ( ,pope ,leo  ,x4    
ma9ta9$ t ! immortality ( ! s\l is true 
9  !ology1 b false 9 philosophy4 ,! pope
 condemn$ _!  doctr9e & v9dicat$ common 
s5se1 :i* tea*es e "o  t :at is true 9  
!ology _c be false 9 philosophy1 or  :at
 is true 9 philosophy _c be false 9     

!ology4 ,tru? is  tru? always & ev]y:]e1
 & nev] is or c be 9  contradiction )   
itself4 ,b we _c agree ) ! au?or  t !   
common idea ( ! sup]natural is t x is   
some?+ antagoni/ic to nature4 ,!re may  
be "s het]odox  !ologians t s tea*1 or  
seem to tea*1 & _m m5 :o are  devot$ to 
! /udy ( ! natural sci5ces suppose t    
approv$ !ologians ass]t ! sup]natural 9 
! same s5se1  & ?is is "o reason :y !y  
take su* a dislike to !ology  & become  
av]se to fai? 9 sup]natural revelation4 
,b we  hold !m mi/ak52 at lea/ we are n 
accu/om$ to see !  sup]natural pres5t$  
by le>n$ & or?odox !ologians z  oppos$  
to ! natural4 ,if su* is ! tea*+ ( !    
het]odox1  x is v un=tunate = 8 grace t 
he has tak5 _!  tea*+ to be t ( !       
,*ri/ian *ur*1 or ! fai? (  or?odox     
believ]s4    ,b ! au?or's difficulty    
ab\t ! sup]natural has its  pr9cipal    
orig9 9 8 !ology1 n 9 8 sci5ce4 ,we d n 
l 8 habit ( speak+ ( ! div9e action 9   
nature z !  action ( w1 = ,god nev] acts
 z m]e w4 ,we may  di/+ui% 9 relation to

 our mode ( appreh5d+ him1 betwe5  8    
ess5ce & 8 attributes1 & betwe5 "o      
attribute &  ano!r2 inde$ we mu/ d s1 = 
our p[]s are too feeble to  =m an       
adequate conception ( ! ,div9e ,be+2 b  
we mu/  nev] =get t ! di/9ctions we make
 9 our mode (  appreh5d+ h no real      
exi/5ce 9 ,god himself4 ,he is "o1  &   
acts always z "o1 9 ! unity ( 8 be+1 & 8
 action  is always id5tically ! action (
 reason1 love1 wisdom1 w1  p[]4 ,:5 we  
speak ( him z liv+ w1 we are apt to     
divide  or mutilate him 9 our ?\ght1 &  
to =get t he nev] acts  or produces     
effects by any "o attribute alone4 ,b   
pass ov]  ?is--?\gh we _c approve x1 =  
,god is et]nal reason z  really & z     
fully z he is et]nal w2 ! noble duke1   
foll[+ 8 !ology1 makes 9 reality ?is "o 
liv+ w !  only actor 9 nature1 ! direct 
& imm$iate cause ( all !  effects       
produc$ 9 ! univ]se4 ,he ?us d5ies      
second causes1  z ,calv9 did :5 he      
ass]t$ t ,god is ! au?or ( s94  ,tak+   
?is view1 :at is nature8 ,nature is only

 ! div9e w  & its direct effects1 or !  
"o liv+ w en=c+ itself  ) p[]1 us+ :at  
are call$ natural laws or =ces1 n z     
second causes1 b z means or in/rum5ts = 
effect+ its  purpose or purposes4       
,recogniz+ no creat$ or second causes1 &
  !re=e no causa em95s or causa caus>um1
 b  only "o direct & imm$iate cause1 he 
c ( c\rse f9d no  gr\nd = a di/9ction   
betwe5 natural & sup]natural4  #fjj     
,all is natural or all is sup]natural1 =
 all is id5tical1 "o  & ! same4 ,h5ce1  
d5y+ v prop]ly all contr>iety or        
antagonism betwe5 natural & sup]natural1
 ! au?or c  accept miracles only 9 !    
s5se ( sup]human & sup]mat]ial  ev5ts4  
,!y are n sup]natural1 z m5 commonly    
suppose3 !y  are wr\ght by ! "o         
inv9cible w at "w 9 e  dep>tm5t (       
nature1 are 9 nature1 & z natural z !   
mo/  ord9>y ev5ts t occur--only !y are !
 effects ( m  recondite laws1 :i* come  
into play only on extraord9>y           
occasions1 & = special purposes4 ,!y    
belong to :at ,c>lyle1  9 ! ,s>tor      

,res>tus1 calls natural-sup]naturalism1 
:i* is no real sup]naturalism at all4 ,!
 au?or's !ology1  :i* resolves ,god into
 pure w & p[]1 has =c$ him to  adopt 8  
conclusion4 ,8 !ology h>dly admits1 ?\gh
 x may  pr(ess n to d5y1 t ,god creates 
second causes1 capable (  act+ f _! own 
c5tre1 & 9 _! own ord] produc+  effects 
( _! own4 ,! difficulty he f9ds 9       
admitt+ &  und]/&+ miracles z real      
sup]natural facts1 arises  precisely f 8
 n di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! fir/ cause &       
second causes4 ,8 failure to make ?is   
di/9ction is caus$ by  8 misconception  
or confus$ conception ( ! real "* (  !  
div9e creative act4 ,inde$1 he h>dly    
recognizes ! fact (  creation at all1 z 
we might inf] f 8 r$uc+ ! :ole  matt] ( 
sci5ce to ! que/ions ( ! :at1 ! h[1 & ! 
:y1 omitt+ entirely ! :5ce4 ,8 sci5ce   
deals solely )  facts ( ! second>y ord]1
 & omits or rejects ! ideal1 9  :i* all 
?+s h _! orig9 & cause1 z unkn[able1    
imag9>y1 unreal4    ,! au?or speaks     
frequ5tly ( creation1 & we are f> f     

suppos+ t he means to d5y x2 b if we    
und]/& him1 he  does d5y t ! div9e w    
creates )\t natural means or            
in/rum5talities1 & ?is appe>s to be :at 
he means by  ,creation by law4 ,he asks1
 p4 #ad1 ,by sup]natural p[] d we  n    
mean p[] indep5d5t ( ! use ( means1 z   
di/+ui%$  f p[] dep5d+ on k1 ev5 inf9ite
 k ( !  means prop] to be employ$8 ,we  
?9k 8 "q is n well  put2 c]ta9ly we nev]
 he>d be=e ( su* a def9ition ( !        
sup]natural1 unless by means is meant   
natural means2 b z he  d5ies all        
sup]natural p[] z op]at+ indep5d5t ( !  
use  ( natural means1 he mu/ be und]/ood
 z d5y+ all creation  f no?+1 or t ,god 
creates all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8  p[]1 ) no  
o!r means or m$ium ?an :at is conta9$ 9 
himself4 ,! real difficulty1 he says1   
lies 9 ! idea (  w ex]cis$ )\t ! use (  
means1 n 9 ! ex]cise (  w ?r\gh means   
:i* are beyond our k4 ,b :at  means 7   
!re ?r\gh :i* ! w c\ld op]ate :5  no?+  
besides itself exi/$8 ,does ! sci5tific 
au?or n  see1 unless he admits ! et]nal 

exi/5ce ( some?+ besides  ,god1 t on 8  
gr\nd creation mu/ prec$e creation z !  
condition or means ( creation8 ,9 !     
*apt] on ,creation by  ,law1 pp4 #bhj1  
#bha1 he says3 ,i d n "k on :at au?ority
  x is t we s (t5 speak ( creation z if 
x 7 n  creation1 unless x works f no?+ z
 its mat]ial1 & by  no?+ z its means4   
#fja  ,we "k t out ( ! 'du/ ( ! gr\nd1' 
t is1 out ( !  ord9>y elem5ts ( nature  
are our bodies =m$1 & ! bodies  ( all   
liv+ ?+s4 ,b out ( :at 0 ! du/ ( !      
gr\nd or ! ord9>y elem5ts ( nature =m$8 
,he  cont9ues3 ,nor is !re any?+ :i*    
%\ld %ock u 9 !  idea t ! creation ( new
 =ms1 any m ?an 9 _!  propagation1 has  
be5 br\ght ab\t by ! in/rum5tality (    
means4 ,9 a !ological po9t ( view x     
matt]s no?+ :at  ^? means h be54 ,x1    
h[ev]1 matt]s some?+ 9 a  !ological po9t
 ( view :e!r we ass]t t ,god creates    
)\t o!r means ?an is conta9$ 9 8 own    
div9e be+1 or  only by work+ ) preexi/+ 
mat]ials1 :i* are indep5d5t  ( him1 &   
et]nal l himself4    ,! au?or pr(esses n

 to "k on :at au?ority creation is  d5i$
 to be creation unless f no?+ z its     
mat]ials1 &  by no?+ z its means2 b he  
mu/ h said ?is )\t well  weigh+ ! words 
he uses4 ,a man makes a wat* out (      
mat]ials  :i* are suppli$ to 8 h&1 & by 
avail+ himself ( a  motive =ce :i* exi/s
 & op]ates indep5d5tly ( him2 b  nobody 
calls him ! creator ( ! wat*4 ,man has1 
/rictly  speak+1 no creative p[]s1      
because he c op]ate only on &  )        
mat]ials furni%$ him by ,god or nature1 
& _c himself  orig9ate 8 own p[]s nor ! 
p[]s he uses4 ,he c =m1  fa%ion1        
utilize1 to a limit$ ext5t1 :at already 
exi/s1 b  he _c orig9ate a new law nor a
 new =ce4 ,! ,g5tile  philosoph]s1 f9d+ 
9 man no prop] creative p[]1 conclud$  t
 !re is no prop] creative p[] 9 ,god1 & 
h5ce !y  sub/itut$ 9 _! sy/ems =        
creation emanation1 g5]ation1  or       
=mation2 & y w se>* 9 va9 ?r\gh ,plato  
or ev5  ,ari/otle = ! recognition ( !   
fact ( creation4 ,hold+  t ,god _c1 any 
m ?an man1 "w )\t mat]ials1 ev5  !      

s\nde/ ( ! ,g5tile philosoph]s1 say     
,py?agoras1 ,plato1  & ,ari/otle1 ass]t$
 ! et]nity ( matt]1 & expla9$ !  orig9 (
 ?+s by suppos+ t ,god impresses on ?is 
et]nal  matt]1 z ! seal on wax1 or 9 "s 
way unites ) x1 !  ideas or =ms et]nal 9
 8 own m9d4 ,"h is no creation1 =  ?\gh 
!re is comb9ation ( ! preexi/+1 !re is  
no  production ( some?+ :]e no?+ 0 be=e2
 yet we _c  g beyond !m1 if we d5y t    
creation prop] is creation f  no?+1 or1 
z we h expla9$1 t ,god creates )\t any  
mat]ial1 means1 or m$ium di/+ui%able f  
himself4    ,yet no !ologian pret5ds t  
,god1 9 creat+1 works )\t  means4 ,no   
"w1 no act is possible or conceivable   
)\t  pr9ciple1 m$ium1 & end4 ,god c no m
 create )\t a  m$ial cause ?an man c    
build a h\se )\t mat]ials2 b if  ! au?or
 _h m$itat$ on ! significance ( ! dogma 
( !  ,tr9ity1 he w\ld h und]/ood t ,god 
has ! means or  m$ium 9 himself1 9 8 own
 et]nal ,^w1 by :om all ?+s  are made1 &
 )\t :om 0 made no?+ t 0 made4 ,god 9   
himself1 9 ! unity ( 8 own be+1 ! my/]y 

( !  ,tr9ity tea*es u1 is et]nally &    
indissolubly1 pr9ciple1  m$ium1 & end1 9
 ?ree di/9ct p]sons4 ,! ,fa!r is        
pr9ciple1 ! ,son or ,^w is m$ium1 & !   
,holy ,gho/ is end  or consummator4     
,h5ce ,god is complete1 be+ 9 its       
pl5itude1 9  himself1 mo/ pure act1 z   
say ! !ologians1 &1 !re=e1  able to d   
:at he wills )\t go+ out ( himself1 or  
us+  means n 9 himself4 ,! m$ium (      
creation is ! ,^w :o 0  9 ! beg9n+1 :o 0
 ) ,god1 & :o is ,god4  #fjb  ,h5ce n   
only by & = ,god1 b also 9 him we live &
 move  & h our be+4 ,to suppose o!rwise 
is1 z we h se51 to  suppose ,god does n 
& _c create by himself alone1 or  )\t ! 
aid ( some?+ ext]ior to & di/+ui%able f 
himself1 & no?+ is di/+ui%able f him & 8
 own  creatures1 b ano!r be+ 9 "s sort  
et]nal l himself1  :i* philosophy1 z    
well z !ology1 d5ies4    ,rectify+ !    
noble au?or's mi/ake z to ! creative    
act1 &  be>+ 9 m9d t ,god creates       
exi/5ces by himself alone1 &  creates !m
 sub/ances or second causes1 capable (  

produc+  effects 9 ! second>y ord]1 we  
are able to ass]t a v real  & a v       
intelligible di/9ction betwe5 ! natural 
& !  sup]natural4 ,nature is ! "n = all 
t is creat$1 !  :ole ord] ( second      
causes1 & z ,god creates & su/a9s       
nature1 he mu/ be himself sup]natural4  
,god has1 or at lea/ may  h1 two modes (
 act+2 ! "o directly1 imm$iately1 ) no  
m$ium b ! m$ium he is 9 himself1 & ?is  
mode ( act+  is sup]natural2 ! o!r mode 
is act+ 9 & ?r\gh nature1  9 ! law      
accord+ to :i* he has con/itut$ nature1 
or !  =ces :i* he has giv5 h]1 call$    
natural laws1 & ?is mode  is natural1   
because 9 x nature acts z second cause4 
,god  himself is above ?is ord] (       
nature1 b is always pres5t 9  x by 8    
creative act1 = ! univ]se1 nei!r z a    
:ole nor  9 any ( its p>ts1 c /& save z 
upheld by ! ,creator4 ,a  miracle is a  
s5sible fact n explicable by ! laws (   
nature1  &1 !re=e1 a fact t c be expla9$
 only by be+  ref]r$ to ! direct &      
imm$iate or sup]natural action (  ,god4 

,:e!r a miracle is ev] wr\ght is simply 
a "q (  fact1 to be det]m9$ by !        
te/imony or evid5ce 9 ! case4  ,t ,god c
 "w miracles may be inf]r$ f ! fact t   
creation does n exhau/ him1 & f ! fact1 
! noble duke  has amply prov$1 t !      
natural laws d n b9d him to act  only   
?r\gh !m1 or 9 any way re/ra9 8 fre$om  
or lib]ty  ( action4 ,9 work+ a miracle1
 ,god does n contrav5e or  violate !    
natural laws1 or ! ord] ( second causes1
 t is1  ! ord] ( nature2 he simply acts 
above x1 & ! fact is n  contranatural1 b
 sup]natural4 ,x does n de/roy nature2 =
  if x did1 !re w\ld be no nature bel[  
x1 & x w\ld1  !re=e1 n be sup]natural4  
,! au?or v prop]ly rejects ! orig9 (    
species 9  developm5t1 at lea/ 9 ! high]
 =ms ( organic life1 &  %[s t ,d>w9's   
!ory ( ! =mation ( new species by       
natural selection does n =m new species1
 b only selects !  mo/ vigor\s (        
preexi/+ species1 su* z survive !       
/ruggle = life4 ,old species inde$      
become ext9ct & new  species spr+ into  

exi/5ce2 b ^? new species or new =ms  ( 
life :i* sci5ce discov]s are n          
developm5ts1 b new  creations4          
,creation1 he holds1 has a hi/ory1 & is 
successive1  cont9ually go+ on4 ,we d\bt
 :e!r sci5ce is 9 a condition  to say ) 
absolute c]ta9ty t any species t once   
exi/$  are n[ ext9ct1 or t new species h
 successively sprung  into exi/5ce2 b   
assum+ ! fact to be z alleg$1 & we      
c]ta9ly are unable to d5y x1 we _c      
accept ! au?or's  explanation4 ,we agree
 ) him t ! creative w is z  pres5t & z  
active z x 0 9 ! beg9n+1 or t  creation 
is always a pres5t act2 b = ?is v       
reason1 if  = no o!r1 we %\ld d5y t x is
 successive1 or resolvable  into        
successive acts1 s9ce t w\ld imply t x  
is pa/ or  future z well z pres5t4  #fjc
  ,reg>d$ on ! side ( ,god1 !re c be no 
succession 9 !  creative act4           
,succession is 9 "t2 b ,god dwells n 9  
"t1  he inhabite? et]nity4 ,8 act on 8  
side mu/ be complete f  ! in/ant he     
wills to create1 & c be successive only 

z  ext]niz$ 9 "t4 ,individuals & species
 :5 !y h s]v$  _! purpose disappe>1 &   
o!rs come =w>d & take _!  places1 n by a
 new creation f no?+1 b because 9 !  "o 
creative act ! appo9t$ "t & place = _!  
ext]nal  appe>ance h come4 ,x is r we :o
 come successively to  ! k ( creation   
?an creation t is itself  successive4 ,!
 creative act is "o1 b its ext]nization 
is  successive4 ,! div9e act effect+ !  
hypo/atic union (  human nature ) !     
div9e p]son ( ! ,^w 0 includ$ 9  ! "o   
creative act1 & 9 relation to ,god & 8  
act 0  complete f ! fir/2 b z a fact (  
"t x did n take  place till long aft] ! 
creation ( ! _w4 ,x is v  possible !n to
 accept fully all ! facts ) reg>d to !  
appe>ance ( new species t sci5ce        
discov]s1 )\t  ass]t+ successive        
creations2 !y are only ! successive     
manife/ations ( ! orig9al creative act1 
reveal+ to u :at  we _h n be=e se5 9 x4 
,9 po9t ( fact ! au?or does n1 ?\gh he  
?9ks he does1  ass]t successive         
creations1 = he cont5ds t ! new are 9   

"s way made out ( ! old4 ,he supposes ! 
creative w  prep>es 9 :at goes be=e =   
:at comes aft]1 & t !  =ms ( life ab\t  
to be ext+ui%$ approa* close to &  almo/
 ov]lap ! =ms t are com+ to be1 & are 9 
"s  way us$ 9 ! creation ( ! new =ms or 
species4 ,?is1 z we  h se51 is n        
creation1 b =mation or developm5t1 &    
h>dly diff]s 9 sub/ance f ! doctr9e (   
developm5t t  0 held by "s naturali/s   
prior to ,d>w9's !ory ( natural         
selection4 ,x supposes ! mat]ial ( ! new
 creation1 !  causa mat]ialis1 is 9 !   
old1 & ! developm5t  !ory only supposes 
t ! mat]ial exi/s 9 ! old 9 !  =m ( a   
g]m ( ! new4 ,! diff]5ce1 if any1 is n  
wor?  notic+4 ,! developm5t aga9 c1 on  
any !ory1 g on only  "u ! pres5ce &     
con/ant action ( ! cause to :i*  nature 
owes h] exi/5ce1 con/itution1 & p[]s4   
,= ourselves1 we h no qu>rel ) !        
developm5ti/s :5  !y d n d5y !          
conditions )\t :i* !re c be no          
developm5t1 or und]/& by developm5t :at 
is n developm5t  b really creation4 ,!re

 is no developm5t :]e !re is no  g]m to 
be develop$1 & t is n developm5t :i*    
places  some?+ diff]5t 9 k9d f ! nature 
( ! g]m4 ,9 !  l[] =ms ( organic life1 (
 plants & animals1 :]e !  diff]5ces (   
species are indi/9ct or feebly m>k$1 !re
 may  be1 = aught we "k1 a natural      
developm5t ( new species1 or  :at appe>s
 to be new species1 t is1 organic =ms1 n
  be=e br\ght out1 or n p]ceiv$ to be   
wrapp$ up 9 !  =ms exam9$2 b 9 ! high]  
=ms ( life1 :]e ! types  are di/9ct &   
/rongly m>k$1 z 9 ! mammalia1 ?is _c  be
 ! case1 = !re is no g]m 9 "o species ( 
ano!r4 ,we  object also to ! doctr9e t !
 high] =ms ( life are  develop$ f ! l[] 
=ms4 ,grant1 :at is possible1 p]haps    
probable1 b :i* e naturali/ kn[s has n  
sci5tifically  be5 made out1 t !re is a 
gradual asc5t )\t break f  ! l[e/ =ms ( 
organic life to ! highe/1 x w\ld by no  
means foll[ t ! high] =m b develops &   
completes !  l[]4  #fjd  ,sci5ce has n  
prov$ x1 & _c f any facts 9 its         
possession ev5 beg9 to prove x4 ,! law (

 gradation is v  di/+ui%able f ! law (  
production1 & x is a grave  blund] 9    
logic to conf\nd !m2 yet x seems to u t 
?is  is :at ! noble au?or does1 only    
sub/itut+ ! t]m natural  creation = t ( 
natural developm5t4 ,he seems to u to   
mean  by ! univ]sal reign ( law1 :i* he 
seeks to e/abli%1 t  ?r\gh all nature ! 
div9e w educes ! high] f !  l[]1 or at  
lea/ makes ! l[] ! /epp+-/one ( !       
high]2 yet all t sci5ce c ass]t is t !  
l[] 9 "s  =m subs]ves ! high]1 b n t x  
is its fons1 or  pr9ciple1 or ! g]m f   
:i* x is develop$4    ,on ! side ( ,god1
 :o is its pr9ciple1 m$ium1 & end1      
creation is complete1 consummat$1 bo? z 
a :ole & 9 all its  p>ts2 b z ext]niz$1 
x is incomplete1 imp]fect1 9 "p         
pot5tial1 n actual1 & is complet$ by    
developm5t 9 "t4  ,look$ at f our side  
or ! po9t ( view ( ! creature1 we  may  
say x 0 creat$ 9 g]m1 or ) unrealiz$    
possibilities4  ,h5ce developm5t1 n f "o
 species to ano!r1 b ( ea*  species 9   
its own ord]1 & ( ea* individual accord+

 to its  species2 h5ce progress1 ab\t   
:i* we he> s mu*1 9  realiz+ ! unrealiz$
 possibilities ( nature1 or 9 r$uc+  :at
 is pot5tial 9 ! creat$ ord] to act1 is 
n only  possible1 b necess>y to !       
complete ext]nization ( !  creative act4
 ,?is developm5t or ?is progress is     
effect$ by  provid5ce act+ ?r\gh natural
 laws or natural =ces1 t  is1 second or 
creat$ causes1 & also1 z ! ,*ri/ian     
holds1  by grace1 :i* is sup]natural1 & 
:i*1 )\t de/roy+1  sup]s$+1 or *ang+    
nature1 assi/s x to atta9 an end  above 
& beyond ! rea* ( nature1 z we h %[n 9 !
  article on ,nature & ,grace4    ,we1 z
 well z ! au?or1 ass]t ! univ]sal reign 
( law1 b  we d n accept 8 def9ition (   
law1 z w en=c+ itself  ) p[]1 :e!r we   
speak ( human law or ! div9e law1 =  t  
is precisely ! def9ition we give to w or
 p[] act+  )\t law1 or f m]e            
arbitr>9ess4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyle is a    
citiz5 ( a con/itutional /ate1 &        
pr(esses to be a lib]al  /atesman2 he   
%\ld n !n adopt a def9ition ( law :i*   

makes might ! measure ( "r1 or d5ies to 
"r any  pr9ciple1 type1 or f\ndation 9 !
 div9e nature4 ,we h  already sugge/$ ! 
true def9ition ( law--w direct$ by      
reason2 & ,god's w is always law1       
because 9 him 8 et]nal  w & 8 et]nal    
reason are insep>able1 & 9 him really   
indi/+ui%able4 ,8 w is1 inde$1 always   
law1 because x is  ! w ( ,god1 our      
creator2 b if x 7 possible to conceive  
him will+ )\t 8 et]nal reason1 8 w w\ld 
n &  c\ld n b9d1 ?\gh x might compel4 ,!
 law is n 9 w  alone1 or 9 reason alone1
 b really 9 ! syn!tic action (  bo?4    
,h5ce ,/4 ,augu/9e tells u t unju/ laws 
are viol5ces  r ?an laws1 & all juri/s1 
z di/+ui%$ f m]e  legi/s1 tell u t all  
legislative acts t directly  contrav5e !
 law ( ,god1 or ! law ( natural ju/ice1 
d n  b9d1 & are null & void f ! beg9n+4 
#fje    ,law 9 ! o!r s5ses ! au?or      
notes1 & has writt5 8  "w1 9 "p at lea/1
 to elucidate & def5d1 9 s f> z !       
natural or inductive sci5ces1 )\t !ology
 or philosophy1  t is1 s call$          

metaphysics1 c g1 is n law at all1 b a  
m]e fact1 or classification ( facts1 &  
simply m>ks ! ord]  ( coexi/5ce or (    
succession ( ! v>i\s facts &  ph5om5a ( 
! natural _w4 ,! s-call$ law (          
gravitation  /ates to ! physici/ simply 
an ord] or s]ies ( facts1 n  ! cause or 
=ce produc+ !m1 z ,hume4 ,kant1 !       
,positivi/s1 ,j4 ,/u>t ,mill1 ,h]b]t    
,sp5c]1 & virtually ev5  ,sir ,william  
,hamilton1 & 8 disciple ,mr4 ,mansel1 :o
 exclude  ! ontological elem5t f sci5ce1
 h amply prov$4 ,! idea  ( cause1 ( =ce1
 is n an empirical idea1 b is giv5      
priori4    ,!re are sev]al o!r po9ts 9 !
 "w be=e u on :i* we  int5d$ to comm5t1 
b we are oblig$ by our dim9i%+ space  to
 pass !m ov]4 ,! au?or says _m true &   
important  ?+s1 & says !m well too2 b we
 ?9k 9 8 ef=t to  reconcile !ology &    
sci5ce he fails1 9 consequ5ce ( be+  n s
 well v]s$ 9 !ology z he is 9 ! sci5ces4
 ,he does  n take note ( ! fact t !     
sci5ces are special1 & deal  only )     
facts ( a second>y ord]1 & are1 !re=e1  

incomplete )\t ! sci5ce ( ! fir/ cause1 
or !ology4  ,he does n keep suffici5tly 
be=e 8 m9d ! di/9ction  betwe5 ,god1 z  
fir/ cause1 & nature1 z second cause2 & 
h5ce :5 he ass]ts ! div9e action he     
incl9es to pan!ism1  & :5 he ass]ts !   
action ( nature he incl9es to           
naturalism4 ,yet 8 aim has be5 good1 &  
we feel assur$ t  he has wi%$ to s]ve ! 
cause ( religion z well z t (  sci5ce4  
,= ourselves1 we hold1 & h h]et(ore     
prov$1 t !ology  is ! que5 ( ! sci5ces1 
sci5tia sci5ti>um1 b we  h a pr(\nd     
reg>d = ! m5 ( real sci5ce1 & %\ld be   
sorry to be f\nd w>r+ aga9/ !m4 ,!re is 
no?+  e/abli%$ by any ( ! sci5ces t     
conflicts ) our  !ology1 :i* is t ( !   
,*ur* ( ,*ri/2 & we h  rem>k$ t !       
qu>rels betwe5 ! savans & !  !ologians  
are1 = ! mo/ "p1 n qu>rels betwe5 sci5ce
  & !ology1 b betwe5 diff]5t s*ools (   
sci5ce4 ,!  pr(essors ( natural sci5ce1 
:o _h long taught ! geoc5tric  !ory1 &  
associat$ x ) _! fai?1 :5 ,galileo      
br\ght  =w>d ! helioc5tric !ory1 oppos$ 

x1 & f\nd x easi]  to d5\nce him z a    
h]etic ?an to refute him sci5tifically4 
,a  qu>rel arose1 & ! *ur* 0 appeal$ to1
 &1 = ! sake  ( peace1 %e impos$ sil5ce 
on ,galileo1 :i* %e might well  d1 s9ce 
8 !ory 0 n receiv$ 9 ! s*ools1 & 0 n  !n
 sci5tifically e/abli%$2 & :5 he broke  
sil5ce  aga9/ ord]s1 %e slightly puni%$ 
him4 ,b ! dispute really  turn$ on a    
purely sci5tific "q1 & fai? 0 by no     
means  necess>ily implicat$1 = fai? c   
adju/ itself to ei!r  !ory4 ,m5 ( sci5ce
 oppose ! sup]natural n because !y  h   
any sci5tific facts t militate aga9/ x1 
b because  x appe>s to militate aga9/ ! 
!ory ( ! fix$ness (  natural laws1 or ( 
! ord] ( nature4 ,! qu>rel is really    
betwe5 a het]odox !ology1 or errone\s   
int]pretation ( !  sup]natural on ! "o  
side1 & ! mis9t]pretation ( !  natural  
ord] on ! o!r1 t is1 betwe5 two op9ions4
 ,a  ref]5ce to or?odox !ology w\ld soon
 settle ! dispute1 by  %[+ t nei!r      
militates aga9/ ! o!r1 :5 bo? are       
rightly und]/ood4 ,!re is no conflict   

betwe5 !ology1 z  taught by ! *ur*1 &   
any?+ t sci5ce has really  e/abli%$ )   
reg>d to ! ord] ( nature4    #fjf    ,we
 _c accept all ! !ories ( ! noble duke1 
b we c  accept all ! sci5tific facts he 
adduces1 & f9d ourselves  in/ruct$ &    
edifi$ by !m4 ,x is "t ! qu>rel betwe5  
!ologians & savans %\ld end4 ,x is (    
rec5t orig94  ,till ! revival ( lett]s 9
 ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re 0  no su*        
qu>rel--n t m5 did n beg9 to ?9k till   
!n1  or 7 ignorant till !n ( ! true     
me?od ( /udy+  nature--& !re ne$ be     
none1 & w\ld be none n[1 if !  !ologians
 nev] add$ or sub/itut$ = ! tea*+ (     
revelation unau?oriz$ speculations ( _! 
own1 & if !  savans w\ld nev] put =w>d1 
z sci5ce1 :at is n  sci5ce4 ,! blame1 we
 are will+ to admit1 has n be5 all on   
"o side4 ,!ologians 9 _! zeal h cri$ out
 aga9/  sci5tific !ories be=e asc]ta9+  
:e!r !y really d or  d n conflict )     
fai?1 & savans h too (t5  conclud$ _!   
sci5tific discov]ies conflict ) fai?1 & 
!re=e said1 ,let fai? g1 be=e asc]ta9+  

:e!r !y d  s or n4 ,!re %\ld1 = ! sake (
 tru?1 be a bett]  mutual und]/&+1 = bo?
 may "w toge!r 9 h>mony4    ----------  
,beati ,mites1 ,quoniam ,ipsi           
,possidebunt ,t]ram4        ,?y song is 
n ! song ( morn1      ,o ,?ru%6 b calm] 
& m /rong1    ,:ile sunset woods ar\nd  
!e burn1      ,& fire-t\*$ /ems res\nd  
?y song4      ,o song/ress ( ! ?orn1    
:]eon      ,z yet ! :ite b /reaks !     
gre51    ,s+ on6 s+ on6 ,?\ s+'/ z "o   
,t s+s ( :at 8 eyes h se54      ,9 !e "s
 ,s]aph's rapture tells      ,( ?+s ?\  
"k'/ n6 ,heav5 draws ne>3    ,i he> !   
,immortal ,city's bells3      ,! triumph
 ( ! ble/ ,i he>4      ,! :ole wide e>?1
 to ,god he>t-b>e1      ,basks l "s     
happy ,umbrian vale    ,by ,francis     
trodd5 & by ,cl>e1      ,:5 an!ms       
sweet5$ e gale4      ,:5 greatness ?ir/$
 to be good1      ,:5 fai? 0 meek1 &    
love 0 brave1    ,:5 hope by e cradle   
/ood1      ,& ra9b[s spann$ ea* new-made
 grave4                                 
,aubrey ,de ,v]e4    --------    #fjg   

,! ,/ory ( a ,conscript4                
,translat$ ,f ,! ,fr5*4                 
,,xii4    ,b1 z ,s]geant ,p9to said1 all
 we _h yet se5 0 b !  prelude to ! ball2
 ! dance 0 n[ ab\t to comm5ce4    ,!    
s]geant _h =m$ a p>ticul> fri5d%ip = me1
 & on  ! eighte5?1 on reliev+ gu>d at ! 
,w>?an gate1 he said3    ,fusili] ,b]?a1
 ! emp]or has arriv$4    ,i _h yet he>d 
no?+ ( ?is1 & repli$ respectfully3    ,i
 h j se5 ! sapp] ,m]l91 s]geant1 :o 0 on
 duty  la/ night at ! g5]al's qu>t]s1 & 
he said no?+ ( x4    ,!n he1 clos+ 8    
eye1 said ) a peculi> expression3       
,ev]y?+ is mov+2 ,i feel 8 pres5ce 9 !  
air4 ,y d n  yet und]/& ?is1 conscript1 
b he is "h2 ev]y?+ says  s4 ,be=e he    
came1 we 7 lame1 crippl$2 b a w+ ( !    
army seem$ able to move at once4 ,b n[1 
look !re1 see ^?  c\ri]s gallop+ ov] !  
road2 all is life4 ,! dance is  beg9n+2 
! dance is beg9n+6 ,kais]liks & !       
,cossacks d  n ne$ spectacles to see t  
he is ) u2 !y w feel him  pres5tly4     
,& ! s]geant's laugh rang ho>sely f     

b5ea? 8 long  mu/a*es2 & he 0 "r1 = t v 
day1 ab\t ?ree 9  ! aft]noon1 all !     
troops /ation$ ar\nd ! city 7 9  motion1
 & at five we 7 put "u arms4 ,!         
,m>%al-,pr9ce (  ,mosk[a ent]$ ! t[n    
surr\nd$ by ! (fic]s & g5]als  :o       
compos$ 8 /aff1 &1 almo/ imm$iately     
aft]1 !  grey-hair$ ,sunham foll[$ &    
pass$ u 9 review ^u !  ,place4 ,!n he   
spoke 9 a l\d1 cle> voice s t e  "o c\ld
 he>4    ,soldi]s6 said he1 y w =m "p ( 
! advance-gu>d (  ! ?ird corps4 ,try to 
rememb] t y are ,fr5*m54 ,vive          
l',emp]eur6    ,all %\t$ ,vive          
l',emp]eur till ! e*oes rang aga91  :ile
 ! g5]al dep>t$ ) ,colonel ,zapfel4     
,t night we 7 reliev$ by ! ,hessians1 & 
left ,erfurt )  ! ,t5? huss>s & a       
regim5t ( *asseurs4 ,at six or sev5 9  !
 morn+ we 7 be=e ! city ( ,weim>1 & saw 
! sun  ris+ on its g>d5s1 its *ur*es1 & 
its h\ses1 z well z  on an old ca/le to 
! "r4 ,"h we biv\ack$1 & !  huss>s w5t  
=w>d to reconnoitre ! t[n4 ,ab\t n9e1   
:ile  we 7 breakfa/+1 sudd5ly we he>d ! 

rattle ( pi/ols &  c>b9es4 ,our huss>s  
_h enc\nt]$ ! ,russian huss>s 9 !       
/reets1 & !y 7 fir+ on ea* o!r4 ,b x 0 s
 f>  (f t we saw no?+ ( ! combat4    ,at
 ! end ( an h\r ! huss>s return$1 hav+  
lo/ two m54  ,?us began ! campaign4     
,we rema9$ five days 9 our camp1 :ile ! 
:ole ?ird corps  7 com+ up4 ,z we 7 !   
advance-gu>d1 we />t$ aga9 by  way (    
,sulza & ,w>?an4 ,!n we saw ! enemy2    
,cossacks :o  kept ev] beyond ! range ( 
our guns1 & ! fur!r !y  retir$ ! great] 
grew our c\rage4    #fjh    ,b x annoy$ 
me to he> ,zbd con/antly exclaim+ 9 a   
tone  ( ill-humor3    ,w !y nev] /op2   
nev] make a /&6    ,i ?\ght t if !y kept
 retreat+ we c\ld ask no?+  bett]4 ,we  
w\ld ga9 all we want$ )\t loss ( life or
  suff]+4    ,b at la/ !y halt$ on !    
fur!r side ( a broad & deep  riv]1 & ,i 
saw a great numb] po/$ ne> ! bank to cut
 u to  pieces if we %\ld cross          
unsupport$4    ,x 0 ! tw5ty-n9? (       
,april1 & gr[+ late4 ,nev] did ,i  see a
 m glori\s sunset4 ,on ! opposite side (

 ! riv]  /ret*$ a wide pla9 z f> z ! eye
 c\ld rea*1 & on  ?is1 %>ply outl9$     
aga9/ ! gl[+ sky1 /ood horsem51  ) _!   
%akos droop+ =w>d1 _! gre5 jackets1     
little  c>tridge-boxes slung "u ! arm1 &
 _! sky-blue tr\s]s2  beh9d !m glitt]$  
?\s&s ( lances1 & ,s]geant ,p9to        
recogniz$ !m z ! ,prussian cavalry &    
,cossacks4 ,he knew !  riv]1 too1 :i*1  
he said 0 ! ,saale4    ,we w5t z ne> z  
we c\ld to ! wat] to ex*ange %ots )  !  
horsem51 b !y retir$ & at la/ disappe>$ 
entirely  "u ! blood-r$ sky4 ,we made   
our biv\ac along ! riv]1 &  po/$ our    
s5tries4 ,on our left 0 a l>ge village2 
a  deta*m5t 0 s5t to x to pur*ase meat2 
= s9ce ! arrival  ( ! emp]or we _h ord]s
 to pay = ev]y?+4    ,dur+ ! night o!r  
regim5ts ( ! division came up2 !y1  too1
 biv\ack$ along ! bank1 & _! long l9es (
 fires1  reflect$ 9 ! ev]-mov+ wat]s1   
gl>$ gr&ly ?r\gh !  d>kness4    ,no "o  
felt incl9$ to sleep4 ,zbd1 ,klipfel1   
,fur/1 & ,i  mess$ toge!r1 & we *att$ z 
we lay ar\nd our fire4    ,to-morr[ we w

 h x hot en\gh1 if we attempt to cross !
  riv]6 ,our fri5ds 9 ,phalsb\rg1 ov] _!
 w>m supp]s1  sc>cely ?9k ( u ly+ "h1 ) 
no?+ b a piece (  c[-beef to eat1 a riv]
 fl[+ beside u1 ! damp e>?  b5ea?1 &    
only ! sky = a ro(1 )\t speak+ ( !      
sabre-cuts & bayonet-?ru/s our fri5ds   
yond] h 9 /ore  = u4    ,bah6 said      
,klipfel2 ?is is life4 ,i w\ld n pass my
 days  o!rwise4 ,to enjoy life we mu/ be
 well to-day1 sick to-morr[2  !n we     
appreciate ! pleasure ( ! *ange f pa9 to
 ease4  ,z = %ots & sabre-/rokes1 )     
,god's aid1 we w give z  good z we take6
    ,yes1 said ,zbd1 light+ 8 pipe1 :5  
,i lose my place 9  ! ranks1 x w n be = 
! want ( /rik+ h>d at !  ,russians6     
,s we lay wakeful = two or ?ree h\rs4   
,leg] lay /ret*$ out  9 8 great coat1 8 
feet to ! fire1 asleep1 :5 !  s5t9el    
cri$3    ,:o goes !re8    ,france6'     
,:at regim5t8    ,six? ( ! ,l9e4    ,x 0
 ,m>%al ,ney & ,g5]al ,br5i]1 ) eng9e] &
  artill]y (fic]s1 & guns4 ,! m>%al     
repli$ ,six? ( !  ,l9e1 because he knew 

be=eh& t we 7 !re1 & ?is  little fact   
rejoic$ u & made u feel v pr\d4 ,we saw 
him  pass on horseback ) ,g5]al ,sunham 
& five or six o!r  (fic]s ( high grade1 
& al?\gh x 0 night we c\ld see  !m      
di/9ctly1 = ! sky 0 cov]$ ) />s & ! moon
  %one bright2 x 0 almo/ z light z day4 
#fji    ,!y /opp$ at a b5d ( ! riv] &   
po/$ six guns1 &  imm$iately aft] a     
pontoon tra9 arriv$ ) oak planks & all  
?+s necess>y = ?r[+ two bridges across4 
,our huss>s  sc\r$ ! banks collect+     
boats1 & ! artill]ym5 /ood at  _! pieces
 to sweep d[n any :o might try to h9d] !
 "w4  ,= a long :ile we wat*$ _! labor1 
:ile aga9 & aga9 we  he>d ! s5try's ,qui
 vive8 ,x 0 ! regim5ts ( !  ?ird corps  
arriv+4    ,at daybreak ,i fell asleep1 
& ,klipfel _h to %ake me to ar\se  me4  
,on e side !y 7 beat+ ! reveille2 !     
bridges  7 f9i%$1 & we 7 go+ to cross ! 
,saale4    ,a heavy dew _h fall51 & ea* 
man ha/5$ to wipe 8 musket1  to roll up 
8 great-coat & buckle x on 8 knapsack4  
,"o  assi/$ ! o!r1 & we 7 soon 9 !      

ranks4 ,x might h  be5 f\r o'clock 9 !  
morn+1 & ev]y?+ seem$ grey 9  ! mi/ t   
arose f ! riv]4 ,already two battalions 
7  cross+ on ! bridges1 ! (fic]s &      
colors 9 ! c5tre4  ,!n ! artill]y &     
caissons cross$4    ,capta9 ,flor5t9 _h 
j ord]$ u to r5ew our prim+s1 :5  ,g5]al
 ,sunham1 ,g5]al ,*em9eau1 ,colonel     
,zapfel1 & our  comm&ant arriv$4 ,!     
battalion began its m>*4 ,i look$  =w>d 
expect+ to see ! ,russians com+ on at a 
gallop1 b  no?+ /irr$4    ,z ea* regim5t
 rea*$ ! fur!r bank x =m$ squ>e )  ord]$
 arms4 ,at five o'clock ! entire        
division _h pass$4 ,!  sun disp]s$ !    
mi/1 & we saw1 ab\t ?ree f\r?s ( a      
league to our "r1 an old city ) its     
po9t$ ro(s1 slat$  clock-t[]1 surm\nt$  
by a cross1 &1 fur!r away1 a ca/le2  x 0
 ,weiss5fels4    ,betwe5 ! city & u 0 a 
deep valley4 ,m>%al ,ney1 :o _h  j come 
up1 wi%$ to reconnoitre ?is be=e advanc+
 into  x4 ,two companies ( !            
,tw5ty-sev5? 7 deploy$ z  skirmi%]s & ! 
squ>es mov$ onw>d 9 common "t1 ) !      

(fic]s1 sapp]s1 & drums 9 ! c5tre1 !    
cannon 9 !  int]vals & ! caissons 9 !   
re>4    ,we all mi/ru/$ ?is valley--! m 
s s9ce we _h se51 !  ev5+ be=e1 a mass (
 cavalry1 :i* c\ld n h retir$  beyond ! 
great pla9 t lay be=e u4 ,not)/&+ our   
di/ru/1 x made u feel v pr\d & brave to 
see ourselves  drawn up 9 our long      
ranks--our muskets load$1 ! colors      
advanc$1 ! g5]als 9 ! re> full (        
confid5ce--to see our  masses ?us mov+  
onw>d )\t hurry1 b calmly m>k+ !  /ep2  
yes1 x 0 en\gh to make our he>ts beat   
high ) pride  & hope6 ,& ,i ?\ght t !   
enemy might /ill retire & no  blood be  
spilt1 aft] all4    ,i 0 9 ! second     
rank1 beh9d ,zbd1 & f "t to "t ,i       
glanc$ at ! o!r squ>e :i* 0 mov+ on !   
same l9e  ) u1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* ,i saw ! 
m>%al & 8 /aff1  all try+ to cat* a     
glimpse ( :at 0 go+ on ahead4    ,!     
skirmi%]s _h by ?is "t rea*$ ! rav9e1   
:i* 0  bord]$ ) brambles & h$ges4 ,i _h 
already se5 a movem5t  on its fur!r     
side1 l ! motion ( a corn-field 9 ! w9d1

  & ! ?\ght /ruck me t ! ,russians1 ) _!
 lances  & sabres1 7 !re1 al?\gh ,i c\ld
 sc>cely believe x4 ,b  :5 our skirmi%]s
 rea*$ ! h$ges1 ! fusilade began1 &  ,i 
saw cle>ly ! glitt] ( _! lances4 ,at !  
same in/ant a  fla% l lightn+ gleam$ 9  
front ( u1 foll[$ by a fi]ce  report4   
#faj  ,! ,prussians _h _! cannon ) !m2  
!y _h op5$ on u4  ,i "k n :at noise made
 me turn my head1 & !re ,i saw an  empty
 space 9 ! ranks to my left4    ,at !   
same "t ,colonel ,zapfel said quietly3  
,close up ! ranks6    ,& ,capta9        
,flor5t9 repeat$3    ,close up ! ranks6 
,all ?is 0 done s quickly t ,i _h no "t 
= ?\ght4 ,b  fifty paces fur!r on ano!r 
fla% %one out2 !re 0 ano!r  murmur 9 !  
ranks--z if a fi]ce w9d 0 pass+--& ano!r
  vacant space1 ?is "t to ! "r4    ,&   
?us1 aft] e %ot f ! ,prussians1 !       
colonel said1  ,close up ! ranks6 & ,i  
knew t ea* "t he spoke !re  0 a brea* 9 
! liv+ wall6 ,x 0 no pleasant ?+ to  ?9k
 (1 b /ill we m>*$ on t[>d ! valley4 ,at
 la/ ,i  did n d>e to ?9k at all1 :5    

,g5]al ,*em9eau1 :o _h  ent]$ our squ>e1
 cri$ 9 a t]rible voice3    ,halt6    ,i
 look$ =w>d1 & saw a mass ( ,prussians  
com+ d[n ^u  u4    ,front rank1 kneel8  
,fix bayonets6 ,ready6 cri$ ! g5]al4    
,z ,zbd knelt1 ,i 0 n[1 s to speak1 9 ! 
front rank4 ,on  came ! l9e ( horses1   
ea* rid] b5d+ ov] 8 saddle-b[1  ) sabre 
fla%+ 9 8 h&4 ,!n aga9 ! g5]al's voice  
0 he>d beh9d u1 calm1 tranquil1 giv+    
ord]s z coolly z  on p>ade3    ,att5tion
 = ! comm& ( fire6 ,aim6 ,fire6    ,!   
f\r squ>es fir$ toge!r2 x seem$ z if !  
skies 7  fall+ 9 ! cra%4 ,:5 ! smoke    
lift$1 we saw ! ,prussians  brok5 &     
fly+2 b our artill]y op5$1 & !          
cannon-balls  sp$ fa/] ?an !y4    ,*>ge6
 %\t$ ! g5]al4    ,nev] 9 my life did   
su* a wild joy possess me4 ,on e side  !
 cry ( ,vive l',emp]eur6 %ook ! air1 & 9
 my  excitem5t ,i %\t$ l ! o!rs4 ,b we  
c\ld n pursue  !m f>1 & soon we 7 aga9  
mov+ calmly on4 ,we ?\ght !  fight 0    
end$2 b :5 )9 two or ?ree hundr$ paces (
  ! rav9e1 we he>d ! ru% ( horses1 &    

aga9 ! g5]al  cri$3    ,halt6 ,kneel6   
,*>ge bayonets6    ,on came ! ,prussians
 f ! valley l a :irlw9d2 ! e>?  %ook    
b5ea? _! weight2 we he>d no m ord]s1 b  
ea* man  knew t he mu/ fire into ! mass1
 & ! file-fir+ began1  rattl+ l ! drums 
9 a gr& review4 ,^? :o h n  se5 a battle
 c =m b little idea ( ! excitem5t1 !    
confusion1 & yet ! ord]1 ( su* a mom5t4 
,a few ( !  ,prussians ne>$ u2 we saw _!
 =ms appe> a mom5t ?r\gh  ! smoke1 & !n 
saw !m no m4 ,9 a few mom5ts m !  r++   
voice ( ,g5]al ,*em9eau arose1 s\nd+    
above !  cra% & rattle3    ,cease fir+6 
,we sc>cely d>$ obey4 ,ea* "o ha/5$ to  
deliv] a f9al  %ot2 !n ! smoke sl[ly    
lift$1 & we saw a mass ( cavalry  asc5d+
 ! fur!r side ( ! rav9e4    ,! squ>es   
deploy$ at once into columns2 ! drums   
beat !  *>ge2 our artill]y /ill cont9u$ 
its fire2 we ru%$ on1  %\t+3    ,=w>d6  
=w>d6 ,vive l',emp]eur6    ,we desc5d$ !
 rav9e1 ov] heaps ( horses & ,russians2 
"s  dead1 "s wri?+ ^u ! e>?1 & we asc5d$
 ! slope  t[>d ,weiss5fels at a quick   

/ep4 ,! ,cossacks & *asseurs  b5t =w>d 9
 _! saddles1 _! c>tridge-boxes dangl+   
beh9d !m1 gallop+ be=e u 9 full flight4 
,! battle 0  won4    #faa    ,b z we    
rea*$ ! g>d5s ( ! city1 !y po/$ _!      
cannon1 :i* !y _h br\ght (f ) !m1 beh9d 
a sort (  or*>d1 & reop5$ ^u u1 a ball  
c>ry+ away bo? ! axe  & head ( ! sapp]  
,m]l94 ,! corporal ( sapp]s1 ,?orn1  _h 
8 arm fractur$ by a piece ( ! axe1 & !y 
7  compell$ to amputate 8 arm at        
,weiss5fels4 ,!n we />t$  t[>d !m on a  
run1 = ! soon] we rea*$ !m ! less  "t !y
 w\ld h = fir+4    ,we ent]$ ! city at  
?ree places1 m>*+ ?r\gh h$ges1  g>d5s1  
hop-fields1 & climb+ ov] walls4 ,!      
m>%als &  g5]als foll[$ aft]4 ,our      
regim5t ent]$ by an av5ue  bord]$ )     
popl>s1 :i* ran along ! cemet]y1 &1 z we
  deb\*$ 9 ! public squ>e1 ano!r column 
came ?r\gh !  ma9 /reet4    ,!re we     
halt$1 & ! m>%al1 )\t los+ a mom5t1     
dispat*$ ! ,tw5ty-sev5? to take a bridge
 & cut (f !  enemy's retreat4 ,dur+ ?is 
"t ! re/ ( ! division  arriv$1 & 0 drawn

 up 9 ! squ>e4 ,! burgoma/] &           
c\ncillors ( ,weiss5fels 7 already on ! 
/eps ( !  t[n-hall to bid u welcome4    
,:5 we 7 re-=m$1 ! ,m>%al-,pr9ce (      
,mosk[a pass$  be=e ! front ( our       
battalion & said joyfully3    ,well     
done6 ,i am satisfi$ ) y6 ,! emp]or w "k
 (  y\r conduct6    ,he c\ld n help     
laugh+ at ! way we ran on ! guns4 ,g5]al
  ,sunham cri$3    ,?+s g bravely on6   
,he repli$3    ,yes1 yes2 b 9 blood6 9  
blood6    ,! battalion rema9$ !re until 
! next day4 ,we 7 lodg$  ) ! citiz5s1 :o
 7 afraid ( u & gave u all we  ask$4 ,! 
,tw5ty-sev5? return$ 9 ! ev5+ & 0       
qu>t]$ 9 ! old *ateau4 ,we 7 v tir$4    
,aft] smok+  two or ?ree pipes toge!r1  
*att+ ab\t our glory1 ,zbd'1  ,klipfel1 
& ,i w5t toge!r to ! %op ( a jo9] on a  
heap (  %av+s1 & rema9$ !re until       
midnight1 :5 !y beat !  reveille4 ,we   
rose2 ! jo9] gave u "s br&y1 & we w5t   
out4 ,! ra9 0 fall+ 9 torr5ts4 ,t night 
! battalion  w5t to biv\ac be=e !       
village ( ,clp51 two h\rs m>*  f        

,weiss5fels4    ,o!r deta*m5ts came &   
rejo9$ u4 ,! emp]or _h arriv$  at       
,weiss5fels1 & all ! ?ird corps 7 to    
foll[ u4 ,we  talk$ only ( ?is all !    
day2 b ! day aft]1 at five 9  ! morn+1  
we set (f aga9 9 ! advance4    ,be=e u  
roll$ a riv] call$ ! ,rippa*4 ,in/ead ( 
turn+  aside to take ! bridge1 we =d$ x 
:]e we 74 ,! wat]  rea*$ our wai/s2 & ,i
 ?\ght h[ t]rible ?is w\ld h  seem$ to  
me :5 ,i 0 s mu* afraid ( tak+ cold at  
,monsieur  ,g\ld5's4    ,z we pass$ d[n 
! o!r bank ( ! riv] 9 ! ru%es1 we       
discov]$ a b& ( ,cossacks obs]v+ u f !  
heights to  ! left4 ,!y foll[$ sl[ly1   
)\t d>+ to attack u1 &  s we kept on    
until x 0 broad day1 :5 sudd5ly a       
t]rific  fusilade & ! ?und] ( heavy guns
 made u turn our heads  t[>d ,clp54 ,!  
comm&ant1 on horseback1 look$ at u ov]  
! re$s4    ,! s\nds ( conflict la/$ a   
consid]able "t1 & ,s]geant  ,p9to said3 
#fab    ,! division is advanc+2 x is    
attack$4    ,! ,cossacks gaz$1 too1 t[>d
 ! fight1 & at ! end ( an  h\r          

disappe>$4 ,!n we saw ! division advanc+
 9 column 9  ! pla9 to ! "r1 driv+ be=e 
!m ! masses ( ,russian  cavalry4    ,en 
avant6 ,=w>d6 cri$ ! comm&ant4    ,we   
ran1 )\t kn[+ :y1 along ! riv] bank1    
until we  rea*$ an old bridge :]e !     
,rippa* & ,gruna met4 ,"h we  7 to      
int]cept ! enemy2 b ! ,cossacks _h      
discov]$ our  design1 & _! :ole army    
fell back beh9d ! ,gruna1 :i*  !y =d$1  
&1 ! division rejo9+ u1 we le>n$ t      
,m>%al ,bessires _h be5 kill$ by a      
cannon-ball4    ,we left ! bridge to    
biv\ac be=e ! village ( ,gors*54 ,!     
rumor t a great battle 0 approa*+ ran   
?r\gh ! ranks1  & !y said t all t _h    
pass$ 0 only a trial to see  h[ !       
recruits w\ld act "u fire4 ,"o may      
imag9e !  reflections ( a ?\ghtful man  
"u su* circum/ances1 among  su*         
h>e-bra9$ fell[s z ,fur/1 ,zbd1 &       
,klipfel1 :o  seem$ to rejoice at !     
prospect1 z if x c\ld br+ !m  aught else
 ?an bullet-w\nds or sabre-cuts4 ,all   
night long ,i  ?\ght ( ,ca?>9e1 & pray$ 

,god to pres]ve my life & my  h&s1 :i*  
are s ne$ful = poor p to ga9 _! bread4  
,,xiii4    ,we light$ our fires on !    
hill be=e ,gross-,gors*5 & a  deta*m5t  
desc5d$ to ! village & br\ght back five 
or six  old c[s to make s\p (4 ,b we 7 s
 worn out t _m w\ld  r sleep ?an eat4   
,o!r regim5ts arriv$ ) cannon &         
munitions4 ,ab\t elev5 o'clock !re 7 f  
t5 to twelve  ?\s& m5 !re & two ?\s& & m
 9 ! village--all  ,sunham's division4  
,! g5]al & 8 ordnance (fic]s 7  qu>t]$ 9
 an old mill to ! left1 ne> a /ream     
call$  ,floss-,grab54 ,! l9e ( s5tries 7
 /ret*$ along ! base  ( ! hill a        
musket-%ot (f4    ,at l5g? ,i fell      
asleep1 b ,i awoke e h\r1 & beh9d u1    
t[>ds ! road lead+ f ! old bridge (     
,pos]na to ,lutz5  & ,leipzig1 ,i he>d !
 roll+ ( wagons1 ( artill]y &  caissons1
 ris+ & fall+ ?r\gh ! sil5ce4           
,s]geant ,p9to did n sleep2 he sat smok+
 8 pipe & dry+  8 feet at ! fire4 ,e "t 
"o ( u mov$1 he w\ld try to  talk & say3
    ,well1 conscript8    ,b !y pret5d$ n

 to he> him1 & turn$ ov]1 gap+1 to      
sleep aga94    ,! clock ( ,gross-,gors*5
 0 /rik+ six :5 ,i awoke4 ,i 0  sore &  
we>y yet4 ,nev]!less1 ,i sat up & tri$  
to w>m  myself1 = ,i 0 v cold4 ,! fires 
7 smok+1 & almo/  ext+ui%$4 ,no?+ ( !m  
rema9$ b ! a%es & a few  emb]s4 ,!      
s]geant1 erect1 0 gaz+ ov] ! va/ pla9   
:]e  ! sun %ot a few long l9es ( gold1  
&1 see+ me awake1 put  a coal 9 8 pipe &
 said3    ,well1 fusili] ,b]?a1 we are  
n[ 9 ! re>-gu>d4    ,i did n "k :at he  
meant4    ,t a/oni%es y1 he cont9u$2 b  
we h n /irr$1  :ile ! army has made a   
half-:eel4 ,ye/]day x 0 be=e u  9 !     
,rippa*2 n[ x is beh9d u1 ne> ,lutz52 &1
 in/ead (  be+ 9 ! front1 we are 9 !    
re>2 s t n[1 said he1  clos+ an eye &   
draw+ two long puffs ( 8 pipe1 we are  !
 la/1 in/ead ( ! =emo/4    #fac    ,&   
:at d we ga9 by x8 ,i ask$4    ,we ga9 !
 honor ( fir/ rea*+ ,leipzig1 & fall+ on
 !  ,prussians1 he repli$4 ,y w und]/&  
?is by & by1  conscript4    ,i /ood up1 
& look$ ar\nd4 ,i saw be=e u a wide1    

m>%y  pla91 trav]s$ by ! ,gruna-,ba* & !
 ,floss-,grab54 ,a few  hills arose     
along ^! /reams1 & beyond ran a l>ge    
riv]1  :i* ! s]geant told me 0 ! ,el/]4 
,! morn+ mi/ hung  ov] all4 ,we saw no  
fires on ! hills save ^? ( our          
division2 b ! entire ?ird corps occupi$ 
! villages  scatt]$ 9 our re>1 &        
headqu>t]s 7 at ,kaya4    ,at sev5      
o'clock ! drums & ! trumpets ( !        
artill]y  s\nd$ ! reveille4             
,ammunition-wagons came up1 & bread &   
c>tridges 7 di/ribut$4 ,two cant9ires   
arriv$ f !  village2 &1 z ,i _h yet a   
few cr[ns rema9+1 ,i (f]$  ,klipfel &   
,zbd a glass ( br&y ea*1 to c\nt]act !  
effects ( ! fogs ( ! night4 ,i also     
presum$ to (f] "o to  ,s]geant ,p9to1 :o
 accept$ x1 say+ t bread & br&y  w>m$ ! 
he>t4    ,we felt q happy1 & no "o      
suspect$ ! horrors ! day 0  to br+ =?4  
,we ?\ght ! ,russians & ! ,prussians 7  
seek+ u beh9d ! ,gruna-,ba*2 b !y knew  
well :]e we  74 ,& sudd5ly1 almo/ t5    
o'clock1 ,g5]al ,sunham1 m\nt$1  arriv$ 

) 8 (fic]s4 ,i 0 s5try ne> ! /acks (    
arms1  & ,i ?9k ,i c n[ see him1 z he   
rode to ! top ( ! hill1  ) 8 grey hair &
 :ite-bord]$ hat2 & z he took out 8     
field-glass1 &1 aft] an e>ne/ gaze1     
return$ quickly1 &  ord]$ ! drums to    
beat ! recall4 ,! s5tries at once fell  
into ! ranks1 & ,zbd1 :o _h ! eyes ( a  
falcon1 said3    ,i see yond]1 ne> !    
,el/]1 masses ( m5 =m+ &  advanc+ 9 good
 ord]1 & o!rs com+ f ! m>%es by  ! ?ree 
bridges4 ,we are lo/ if all ^? fall ^u  
our re>6    ,a battle is beg9n+1 said   
,p9to1 %ad+ 8 eyes ) 8  h&s1 or ,i "k   
no?+ ( w>4 ,^? begg>ly ,prussians &     
,russians want to take u on ! flank ) _!
 :ole =ce1 z  we defile on ,leipzig1 s z
 to cut u 9 two4 ,x is well ?\ght  ( on 
_! "p4 ,we are always tea*+ !m ! art (  
w>4    ,b :at w we d8 ask$ ,klipfel4    
,our "p is simple1 answ]$ ! s]geant4 ,we
 are "h twelve  to fifte5 ?\s& m51 ) old
 ,sunham1 :o nev] gave an enemy  an in*4
 ,we w /& "h l a wall1 "o to six or     
sev51  until ! emp]or is in=m$ h[ matt]s

 /&1 & s5ds u  aid4 ,!re g ! /aff (fic]s
 n[4    ,x 0 true2 five or six (fic]s 7 
gallop+ ov] ! pla9  ( ,lutz5 t[>d       
,leipzig4 ,!y sp$ l ! w9d1 & ,i pray$   
,god to h !m rea* ! emp]or 9 "t to s5d !
 :ole army  to our assi/ance2 = !re is  
some?+ horrible 9 !  c]ta9ty t we are   
ab\t to p]i%1 & ,i w\ld n wi% my        
greate/ enemy 9 su* a position z ours 0 
!n4    ,s]geant ,p9to cont9u$3    ,y w h
 a *ance n[1 conscripts2 & if any ( y   
come  out alive1 !y w h some?+ to boa/  
(4 ,look at ^?  blue l9es advanc+1 ) _! 
muskets on _! %\ld]s1  along            
,floss-,grab54 ,ea* ( ^? l9es is a      
regim5t4 ,!re are  ?irty ( !m4  #fad  ,t
 makes sixty ?\s& ,prussians1 )\t c\nt+ 
^? l9es  ( horsem51 ea* ( :i* is a      
squadron4 ,^? advanc+ to  _! left1 ne> !
 ,rippa*1 glitt]+ 9 ! sun1 are !        
dragoons & cuirassi]s ( ! ,russian      
,imp]ial ,gu>d4 ,!re are  eighte5 or    
tw5ty ?\s& ( !m1 & ,i fir/ saw !m at    
,au/]litz1 :]e we fix$ !m f9ely4 ,^?    
masses ( lances 9  ! re> are ,cossacks4 

,we w h a hundr$ ?\s& m5 on our  h&s 9  
an h\r4 ,?is is a fight to w9 ! cross 96
    ,d y ?9k s1 s]geant8 said ,zbd1 ^:  
ideas 7 nev]  v cle>1 & :o already      
imag9$ he held ! cross 9 8  f+]s1 :ile 8
 eyes glitt]$ ) excitem5t4    ,x w be h&
 to h&1 repli$ ! s]geant2 & suppose  t1 
9 ! mle1 y see a colonel or a flag ne>  
y1 spr+  on him or x2 nev] m9d sabres or
 bayonets2 seize !m1 & !n  y\r "n goes  
on ! li/4    ,z he spoke1 ,i rememb]$ t 
! ,mayor ( ,phalsb\rg _h  receiv$ !     
cross = hav+ gone to meet ! ,empress    
,m>ie  ,l\ise 9 c>riages g>l&$ ) fl[]s1 
& ,i ?\ght 8  me?od mu* pref]able to t (
 ,s]geant ,p9to4    ,b ,i _h n "t to ?9k
 m1 = ! drums beat on all  sides1 & ea* 
"o ran to :]e ! arms ( 8 company 7      
/ack$ & seiz$ 8 musket4 ,our (fic]s =m$ 
u1 great guns  came at a gallop f !     
village1 & 7 po/$ on ! br[ (  ! hill a  
little to ! re>1 s t ! slope s]v$ !m z a
  species ( r$\bt4 ,fur!r away1 9 !     
villages ( ,rahna1 (  ,kaya1 & (        
,kle9-,gors*51 all 0 motion1 b we 7 !   

fir/ ! ,prussians w\ld fall ^u4    ,!   
enemy halt$ ab\t twice a cannon-%ot (f1 
& ! cavalry  sw>m$ by hundr$s up ! hill 
to reconnoitre u4 ,i 0 9 utt]  despair z
 ,i gaz$ on _! imm5se masses1 & ?\ght t 
all  0 end$2 no?+ rema9$ = me b to sell 
my life z de>ly  z ,i c\ld2 to fight    
pitilessly1 & die4    ,:ile ^! ?\ghts 7 
pass+ ?r\gh my head1 ,g5]al  ,*em9eau   
gallop$ along our front1 cry+3    ,=m   
squ>es4    ,! (fic]s 9 ! re> took up !  
^w & x pass$ f  "r to left2 f\r squ>es (
 f\r battalions ea* 7 =m$4  ,i f\nd     
myself 9 ! ?ird1 on "o ( ! int]ior      
sides1 a  circum/ance :i* 9 "s degree   
reassur$ me2 = ,i ?\ght  t ! ,prussians1
 :o 7 advanc+ 9 ?ree columns1 w\ld  fir/
 attack ^? directly opposite !m4 ,b     
sc>cely _h !  ?\ght /ruck me :5 a hail (
 cannon-%ot swept ?r\gh u4  ,!y _h ?irty
 pieces ( artill]y play+ on u1 & ! balls
  %riek$ sometimes ov] our heads1       
sometimes ?r\gh ! ranks1  & !n aga9     
/ruck ! e>?1 :i* !y scatt]$ ov] u4      
,our heavy guns repli$ to _! fire1 b    

c\ld n sil5ce x1  & ! horrible cry (    
,close up ! ranks6 ,close up ! ranks6  0
 ev] s\nd+ 9 our e>s4    ,we 7 envelop$ 
9 smoke )\t hav+ fir$ a %ot1 & ,i  ?\ght
 t 9 ano!r qu>t] ( an h\r we %\ld h be5 
all massacr$ )\t hav+ a *ance to def5d  
ourselves1 :5  ! head ( ! ,prussian     
columns appe>$ betwe5 ! hills1  mov+    
=w>d1 ) a deep1 ho>se murmur1 l ! noise 
( an  inundation4 ,!n ! ?ree fir/ sides 
( our squ>e1 ! second  & ?ird obliqu+ to
 ! "r & left1 fir$4 ,god only kn[s  h[  
_m ,prussians fell4 ,b in/ead ( /opp+ !y
 ru%$ on1  %\t+ ,vat]l&6 ,vat]l&6 & we  
fir$ aga9 into  _! v bosoms4    #fae    
,!n began ! "w ( dea? 9 e>ne/4          
,bayonet-?ru/1  sabre-/roke1 bl[s f !   
butt-end ( our pieces cra%$ on  all     
sides4 ,!y tri$ to cru% u by m]e weight 
( numb]s1 &  came on l furi\s bulls4 ,a 
battalion ru%$ ^u u1 ?ru/+  ) _!        
bayonets2 we return$ _! bl[s )\t leav+ !
  ranks1 & !y 7 swept away almo/ to a   
man by two cannon  :i* 7 9 position t[>d
 our re>4    ,!y 7 ! la/ :o tri$ to     

break our squ>es4 ,!y turn$  & fl$ d[n !
 hillside1 we fir+ z !y ran1 :5 _!      
cavalry da%$ d[n ^u our "r1 seek+ to    
p5etrate by !  gaps made by _! artill]y4
 ,i c\ld n see ! fight1 = x  0 at ! o!r 
end ( ! division1 b _! heavy guns swept 
u (f by doz5s z we /ood inactive4 ,g5]al
 ,*em9eau _h 8  ?igh brok52 we c\ld n   
hold out mu* long] :5 ! ord]  0 giv5 to 
beat ! retreat4    ,we retir$ to        
,gross-,gors*51 pursu$ by ! ,prussians1 
bo?  sides ma9ta9+ a con/ant fire4 ,!   
two ?\s& m5 9 !  village *eck$ ! enemy  
:ile we asc5d$ ! opposite slope to  ga9 
,kle9-,gors*54 ,b ! ,prussian cavalry   
came on once m  to cut (f our retreat & 
keep u "u ! fire ( _!  artill]y4 ,!n my 
blood boil$ ) ang]1 & ,i he>d ,zbd  cry1
 ,let u fight our way to ! top r ?an    
rema9 "h6    ,to d ?is 0 fe>fully       
dang]\s1 = _! regim5ts (  huss>s &      
*asseurs advanc$ 9 good ord] to *>ge4   
,/ill we  kept retreat+1 :5 a voice on !
 top ( ! ridge cri$  ,halt6 & at ! same 
mom5t ! huss>s1 :o 7 already  ru%+ d[n  

^u u1 receiv$ a t]rific dis*>ge ( case &
  grape-%ot :i* swept !m d[n by hundr$s4
 ,x 0 ,gir>d's  division :o _h come to  
our assi/ance f ,kle9-,gors*5 &  _h     
plac$ sixte5 pieces 9 position to op5 ^u
 !m4 ,!  huss>s fl$ fa/] ?an !y came1 & 
! six squ>es (  ,gir>d's division unit$ 
) ours at ,kle9-,gors*51 to *eck  !     
,prussian infantry1 :i* /ill cont9u$ to 
advance1 !  ?ree fir/ columns 9 front & 
?ree o!rs1 equally /rong1  support+ !m4 
,we _h lo/ ,gross-,gors*51 b ! battle 0 
n yet end$4    ,i ?\ght n[ ( no?+ b     
v5geance4 ,i 0 wild )  excitem5t & wra? 
aga9/ ^? :o s\ght to kill me4 ,i felt  a
 sort ( hatr$ aga9/ ^? ,prussians ^:    
%\ts &  insol5t mann] disgu/$ me4 ,i 01 
nev]!less1 v glad to  see ,zbd ne> me   
yet1 & z we /ood await+ new attacks1  ) 
our arms re/+ on ! gr\nd1 ,i press$ 8   
h&4    ,we h escap$ n>r[ly en\gh1 said  
he4 ,god grant !  emp]or may soon       
arrive1 = !y are tw5ty times our /r5g?4 
,he no long] spoke ( w9n+ ! cross4    ,i
 look$ ar\nd to see if ! s]geant 0 ) u  

yet1 & saw  him calmly wip+ 8 bayonet2 n
 a feature %[$ any trace (  excitem5t4  
,i w\ld h wi%$ to "k if ,klipfel & ,fur/
 7  unhurt1 b ! comm&1 ,c>ry arms6 made 
me ?9k ( myself4    ,! ?ree fir/ columns
 ( ! enemy _h halt$ on ! hill (         
,gross-,gors*5 to await _! supports4 ,! 
village 9 ! valley  betwe5 u 0 on fire1 
! flames bur/+ f ! ?at*$  ro(s & ! smoke
 ris+ to ! sky1 & to ! left we saw a    
long l9e ( cannon com+ d[n to op5 ^u u4 
#faf    ,x might h be5 midday :5 ! six  
columns began _! m>*  & deploy$ masses (
 huss>s & cavalry on bo? sides (        
,gross-,gors*54 ,our artill]y1 plac$    
beh9d ! squ>es on !  top ( ! ridge1 op5$
 a t]rible fire on ! ,prussian          
cannone]s1 :o repli$ all along _! l9e4  
,our drums began to beat 9 ! squ>es to  
w>n t ! enemy  7 approa*+1 b _! rattle 0
 l ! buzz ( a fly 9  ! /orm1 :ile 9 !   
valley ! ,prussians %\t$ altoge!r1      
,vat]l&6 ,vat]l&6    ,_! fire1 z !y     
climb$ ! hill1 envelop$ u 9 smoke--z  ! 
w9d blew t[>ds u--& h9d]$ u f see+ !m4  

,nev]!less1 we began our file-fir+4 ,we 
he>d & saw no?+  b ! noise & smoke (    
battle = ! next qu>t] ( an  h\r1 :5     
sudd5ly ! ,prussian huss>s 7 9 our      
squ>es4 ,i  "k n h[ x happ5$1 b !re !y 7
 on _! little  horses1 sabr+ u )\t m]cy4
 ,we f\ght ) our bayonets2  !y sla%$1 & 
fir$ _! pi/ols4 ,! c>nage 0 horrible4   
,zbd1 ,s]geant ,p9to1 & "s tw5ty ( !    
company held  toge!r4 ,!re !y f\ght !   
pale-fac$1 long-mu/a*$  huss>s1 ^:      
horses re>$ & neigh$ z !y da%$ ov] !    
heaps ( dead & w\nd$4 ,i rememb] !      
cries1 ,fr5* &  ,g]man 9 a horrid       
mixture1 t arose2 h[ !y call$ u         
,s*we9pelz1 & h[ old ,p9to nev] ceas$ to
 cry1  ,/rike bravely1 my *ildr52 /rike 
bravely6    ,i nev] knew h[ we escap$2  
we ran at r&om ?r\gh ! smoke1  & da%$   
?r\gh ! mid/ ( sabres & fly+ bullets4 ,i
 only  rememb] t ,zbd e mom5t cri$ out  
to me1 ,come on6 come  on6 & t f9ally we
 f\nd ourselves on a hillside beh9d a   
squ>e :i* yet held firm1 ) ,s]geant     
,p9to & sev5 or  eight o!rs ( ! company4

    ,we 7 cov]$ ) blood1 & look$ l      
but*]s4    ,load6 cri$ ! s]geant4    ,!n
 ,i saw blood & hair on my bayonet1 & ,i
 knew t 9 my  fury ,i mu/ h giv5 "s     
t]rible bl[s4 ,old ,p9to told u  t !    
regim5t 0 totally r\t$2 t ! begg>ly     
,prussians  _h sabr$ half ( x1 b we %\ld
 f9d ! rema9d] by &  by4 ,n[1 he cri$1  
we mu/ keep ! enemy out ( ! village4    
,by file1 left6 ,m>*6    ,we desc5d$ a  
little /airway :i* l$ to "o ( ! g>d5s ( 
,kle9-,gors*51 &1 ent]+ a h\se1 !       
s]geant b>ricad$  ! door lead+ to !     
fields ) a heavy kit*5-table2 !n  he %[$
 u ! door op5+ on ! /reet1 tell+ u t    
!re lay our way ( retreat4 ,?is done1 we
 w5t to ! floor  above1 & f\nd a pretty 
l>ge room1 ) two w9d[s look+  out ^u !  
village1 & two ^u ! hill1 :i* 0 /ill    
cov]$ ) smoke & res\nd+ ) ! cra% (      
musketry &  artill]y4 ,at "o end 0 a    
brok5 b$/ead & ne> x a cradle4  ,! p ( !
 h\se _h no d\bt fl$ at ! beg9n+ ( !    
battle1 b a dog1 ) e>s erect & fla%+    
eyes1 gl>$ at  u f b5ea? ! curta9s4     

,! s]geant op5$ ! w9d[ & fir$ at two or 
?ree ,prussian  huss>s :o 7 already     
advanc+ d[n ! /reet4 ,zbd &  ! o!rs /&+ 
beh9d him /ood ready4 ,i look$ t[>d !   
hill to see if ! squ>es _h yet rema9$   
unbrok51 & ,i saw  !m retreat+ 9 good   
ord]1 fir+ z !y w5t f all f\r  faces on 
! masses ( cavalry :i* surr\nd$ !m on e 
side4  #fag  ,?r\gh ! smoke ,i c\ld     
p]ceive ! colonel on horseback1  sabre 9
 h&1 & by him ! colors1 s torn by %ot t 
!y  7 m]e rags hang+ on ! /aff4         
,beyond1 a column ( ! enemy 7 deb\*+ f !
 road &  m>*+ on ,kle9-,gors*54 ,?is    
column evid5tly design$  cutt+ (f our   
retreat on ! village1 b hundr$s ( disb&$
  soldi]s l u _h arriv$1 & 7 p\r+ 9 f   
all sides2  "s turn+ ev] & anon to fire1
 o!rs w\nd$1 try+ to  crawl to "s place 
( %elt]4 ,!y took possession ( !  h\ses1
 &1 z ! column approa*$1 musketry rattl$
 ^u !m  f all ! w9d[s4 ,?is *eck$ !     
enemy1 & at ! same  mom5t ! divisions ( 
,br5i] & ,m>*aud1 :i* ! ,pr9ce (        
,mosk[a _h dispat*$ to our assi/ance1   

began to deploy to !  "r4    ,!         
,prussians halt$1 & ! fir+ ceas$ on bo? 
sides4 ,our  squ>es & columns began to  
climb ! hills aga91 opposite  ,/>si$el1 
& ! def5d]s ( ! village ru%$ f !  h\ses 
to rejo9 _! regim5ts4 ,ours _h become   
m+l$ )  two or ?ree o!rs2 &1 :5 ! ren=c+
 divisions halt$  be=e ,kaya1 we c\ld   
sc>cely f9d our places4 ,! roll 0       
call$1 & ( our company b =ty-two m5     
rema9$2 ,fur/ &  ,leg] 7 dead1 b ,zbd1  
,klipfel1 & ,i 7 unhurt4    ,b ! battle 
0 n yet ov]1 = ! ,prussians1 flu%$ )    
victory1 7 already mak+ _! dispositions 
to attack u at  ,kaya2 ren=cem5ts 7     
hurry+ to !m1 & x seem$ t1  = s great a 
g5]al1 ! emp]or _h made a gross mi/ake 9
  /ret*+ 8 l9es to ,leipzig1 & leav+ u  
to be ov]p[]$  by an army ( ov] a hundr$
 ?\s& m54    ,z we 7 re=m+ beh9d        
,br5i]'s division1 eighte5 ?\s&  vet]ans
 ( ! ,prussian gu>d *>g$ up ! hill1     
c>ry+ !  %akos ( our kill$ on _!        
bayonets 9 sign ( victory4 ,once  m !   
fight began1 & ! mass ( ,russian        

cavalry1 :i* we  _h se5 glitt]+ 9 ! sun 
9 ! morn+1 came d[n on our  flank2 !    
six? corps _h arriv$ 9 "t to cov] x1 &  
/ood  ! %ock l a ca/le wall4 ,once m    
%\ts1 groans1 !  cla%+ ( sabre aga9/    
bayonet1 ! cra% ( musketry &  ?und] (   
cannon %ook ! sky1 :ile ! pla9 0 hidd5 9
 a  cl\d ( smoke1 ?r\gh :i* we c\ld see 
! glitt] (  helmets1 cuirasses1 & ?\s&s 
( lances4    ,we 7 retir+1 :5 some?+    
pass$ along our front l a  fla% (       
lightn+4 ,x 0 ,m>%al ,ney surr\nd$ by 8 
/aff1  & 8 eyes sp>kl$ & 8 lips trembl$ 
) rage4 ,9 a  second's "t he _h da%$    
along ! l9es1 & drew up 9 front  ( our  
columns4 ,! retreat /opp$ at once2 he   
call$ u on1  &1 z if l$ by a k9d (      
fasc9ation1 we da%$ on to meet !        
,prussians1 *e]+ l madm5 z we w5t4 ,b ! 
,prussian l9e  /ood firm2 !y f\ght h>d  
to keep ! victory !y _h won1  & besides 
7 con/antly receiv+ ren=cem5ts1 :ile we 
7 worn out ) five h\rs' fight+4    ,our 
battalion 0 n[ 9 ! second l9e1 & !      
enemy's %ot  pass$ ov] our heads2 b a   

horrible d9 made my fle% creep2 x  0 !  
rattl+ ( ! grape-%ot among ! bayonets4  
,9 ! mid/ ( %\ts1 ord]s1 & ! :i/l+ (    
bullets1 we  aga9 began to fall back ov]
 heaps ( dead2 our fir/ divisions       
re5t]$ ,kle9-,gors*51 & once m ! fight 0
 h& to  h&4 ,9 ! ma9 /reet ( ! village  
no?+ 0 se5 or he>d  b %ots & bl[s1 &    
g5]als f\ght sword 9 h& l  private      
soldi]s4    #fah    ,?is la/$ "s m9utes2
 we *eck$ !m aga91 b aga9 !y  7 ren=c$1 
& we 7 oblig$ to cont9ue our retreat1   
:i* 0 fa/ becom+ a r\t4 ,if ! enemy =c$ 
u to ,kaya1  our army 0 cut 9 two4 ,!   
battle seem$ irretrievably lo/1  =      
,m>%al ,ney himself1 9 ! c5tre ( a      
squ>e1 0  retreat+2 & _m soldi]s1 to get
 away f ! mle1  7 c>ry+ (f w\nd$ (fic]s 
on _! muskets4 ,ev]y?+  look$ gloomy1   
inde$4    ,i ent]$ ,kaya on ! "r ( !    
village1 leap+ ov] !  h$ges1 & creep+ "u
 ! f5ces :i* sep>at$ !  g>d5s1 & 0 turn+
 ! corn] ( a /reet1 :5 ,i saw "s  fifty 
(fic]s on ! br[ ( a hill be=e me1 &     
beh9d !m  masses ( artill]y gallop+ at  

full spe$ along ! ,leipzig  road4 ,!n ,i
 saw ! emp]or himself1 a little 9       
advance ( !  o!rs2 he 0 seat$1 z if 9 an
 arm-*air1 on 8 :ite horse1  & ,i c\ld  
see him well1 b5ea? ! cle> sky1         
motionless &  look+ at ! battle ?r\gh 8 
field-glass4    ,my he>t beat gladly2 ,i
 cri$ ,vive l',emp]eur6 ) all  my /r5g?1
 & ru%$ along ! ma9 /reet ( ,kaya4 ,i 0 
"o  ( ! fir/ to ent]1 & ,i saw !        
inhabitants ( ! village1  m51 wom51 &   
*ildr51 ha/5+ to ! cell>s =  protection4
    ,_m to :om ,i h relat$ ! =ego+ h    
sne]$ at me =  runn+ s fa/2 b ,i c only 
reply t :5 ,mi*el ,ney  retir$1 x 0 high
 "t = ,joseph ,b]?a to d s too4         
,klipfel1 ,zbd1 ,s]geant ,p9to1 & ! o!rs
 ( ! company  _h n yet arriv$1 :5 masses
 ( black smoke arose above !  ro(s2     
%att]$ tiles fell into ! /reets1 & %ot  
buri$  !mselves 9 ! walls1 or cra%$     
?r\gh ! beams ) a  horrible noise4      
,at ! same "t1 our soldi]s ru%$ 9 ?r\gh 
! lanes1 ov]  ! h$ges & f5ces1 turn+ f  
"t to "t to fire on !  enemy4 ,m5 ( all 

arms 7 m+l$1 "s )\t %akos or  knapsacks1
 _! clo!s torn & cov]$ ) blood2 b !y    
retreat$ furi\sly1 & 7 ne>ly all m]e    
*ildr51 boys (  fifte5 or tw5ty2 b      
c\rage is inborn 9 ! ,fr5* p4    ,!     
,prussians l$ by old (fic]s :o %\t$     
,=wrts6  ,=wrts6--foll[$ l packs (      
wolves1 b we turn$ &  op5$ fire f !     
h$ges1 & f5ces1 & h\ses4 ,h[ _m (  !m   
bit ! du/ ,i "k n1 b o!rs always suppli$
 !  places ( ^? :o fell4 ,hundr$s (     
balls :i/l$ by our e>s  & flatt5$       
!mselves on ! /one walls2 ! pla/] 0     
brok5 f ! walls1 & ! ?at* hung f !      
raft]s1 &  z ,i turn$ = ! tw5tie? "t to 
fire1 my musket dropp$  f my h&2 ,i     
/oop$ to lift x1 b ,i fell too2 ,i _h   
receiv$ a %ot 9 ! left %\ld] & ! blood  
ran l w>m  wat] d[n my brea/4 ,i tri$ to
 rise1 b all t ,i c\ld d  0 to seat     
myself aga9/ ! wall :ile ! blood cont9u$
 to  fl[1 & ,i %udd]$ at ! ?\ght t ,i 0 
to die !re4    ,/ill ! fight w5t on4    
,fe>ful t ano!r bullet might rea* me1 ,i
 crawl$ to !  corn] ( a h\se1 & fell    

into a little tr5* :i* br\ght  wat] f ! 
/reet to ! g>d54 ,my left arm 0 heavy z 
lead2 my head swam2 ,i /ill he>d ! fir+1
 b x seem$ a  dream1 & ,i clos$ my eyes4
    #fai    ,:5 ,i aga9 op5$ !m1 night 0
 com+ on1 & ! ,prussians  fill$ !       
village4 ,9 ! g>d51 be=e me1 0 an old   
g5]al1  ) :ite hair1 on a fall br[n     
horse4 ,he %\t$ 9 a  trumpet-l voice to 
br+ on ! cannon1 & (fic]s hurri$  away )
 8 ord]s4 ,ne> him1 /&+ on a little     
wall1 two  surgeons 7 b&ag+ 8 arm4      
,beh9d1 on ! o!r side1 0 a  little      
,russian (fic]1 ^: plume ( gre5 fea!rs  
almo/  cov]$ 8 hat4 ,i saw all ?is at a 
glance--! old man ) 8  l>ge nose & broad
 =ehead1 8 quick glanc+ eyes1 & bold    
air2 ! o!rs ar\nd him2 ! surgeon1 a     
little bald man )  spectacles1 & five or
 six hundr$ paces away1 betwe5 two      
h\ses1 our soldi]s re=m+4    ,! fir+ _h 
ceas$1 b betwe5 ,kle9-,gors*5 & ,kaya ,i
  c\ld he> ! heavy rumble ( artill]y1   
neigh+ ( horses1  cries & %\ts ( driv]s1
 & crack+ ( :ips4 ,)\t  kn[+ :y1 ,i     

dragg$ myself to ! wall1 & sc>cely _h ,i
  done s1 :5 two sixte5 p\nd]s1 ea*     
drawn by six horses1  turn$ ! corn] ( ! 
/reet4 ,! artill]y-m5 beat !  horses )  
all _! /r5g?1 & ! :eels roll$ ov] !     
heaps ( dead & w\nd$4 ,n[ ,i knew :5ce  
came ! cries ,i _h  he>d1 & my hair /ood
 on end ) horror4    ,"h6 cri$ ! old man
 9 ,g]man2 aim yond]1 betwe5 ^?  two    
h\ses ne> ! f\nta94    ,! two guns 7    
turn$ at once2 ! old man1 8 left arm 9 a
  sl+1 cant]$ up ! /reet1 & ,i he>d him 
say1 9 %ort1  quick tones to ! "y (fic] 
z he pass$ :]e ,i lay3    ,tell !       
,emp]or ,alex&] t ,i am 9 ,kaya4 ,!     
battle is won  if ,i am ren=c$4 ,let !m 
n discuss ! matt]1 b s5d  help at once4 
,napoleon is com+1 & 9 half an h\r we w 
h him ^u u ) 8 ,gu>d4 ,i w /&1 let x co/
 :at  x may4 ,b 9 ,god's "n d n lose a  
m9ute1 & ! victory  is ours6    ,! "y   
man set (f at a gallop1 & at ! same     
mom5t a voice  ne> me :isp]$3    ,t old 
wret* is ,bl*]4 ,ah1 sc\ndrel6 if ,i    
only _h my  gun6    ,turn+ my head1 ,i  

saw an old s]geant1 )]$ & ?91 )  long   
wr9kles 9 8 *eeks1 sitt+ aga9/ ! door ( 
!  h\se1 support+ himself ) 8 h&s on !  
gr\nd z ) a  pair ( crut*es1 = a ball _h
 pass$ ?r\gh him f side to  side4 ,8    
yell[ eyes foll[$ ! ,prussian g5]al2 8  
hook$  nose seem$ to droop l ! beak ( an
 eagle ov] 8 ?ick  mu/a*e1 & 8 look 0   
fi]ce & pr\d4    ,if ,i _h my musket1 he
 repeat$1 ,i w\ld %[ y :e!r !  battle is
 won4    ,we 7 ! only two liv+ be+s     
among heaps ( dead4    ,i ?\ght t p]haps
 ,i %\ld be buri$ 9 ! morn+1 )  ! o!rs 9
 ! g>d5 opposite u1 & t ,i w\ld nev]    
aga9 see ,ca?>9e2 ! te>s ran d[n my     
*eeks & ,i c\ld n  help murmur+3    ,n[ 
all is inde$ end$6    ,! s]geant gaz$ at
 me &1 see+ t ,i 0 yet s "y1  said      
k9dly3    ,:at is ! matt] ) y1          
conscript8    ,a ball 9 ! %\ld]1 mon    
s]geant4    ,9 ! %\ld]6 ,t is bett] ?an 
"o ?r\gh ! body4 ,y  w get ov] x4    ,& 
aft] a mom5t's ?\ght he cont9u$3    ,fe>
 no?+4 ,y w see home aga96    #fbj    ,i
 ?\ght t he piti$ my y\? & wi%$ to      

console me2 b  my *e/ seem$ cru%$1 & ,i 
c\ld n hope4    ,! s]geant said no m1   
only f "t to "t he rais$ 8  head to see 
if our columns 7 com+4 ,he swore betwe5 
8  tee? & end$ by fall+ at l5g? ^u !    
gr\nd1 say+3    ,my bus9ess is done6 ,! 
villa9 has f9i%$ me at la/6    ,he gaz$ 
at ! h$ge opposite1 :]e a ,prussian     
gr5adi] 0  /ret*$1 cold & /iff1 ! old   
s]geant's bayonet yet 9 8  body4    ,x  
might !n h be5 six 9 ! ev5+4 ,i 0 cold &
 _h  dropp$ my head =w>d ^u my knees1 :5
 ! roll ( artill]y  call$ me aga9 to my 
s5ses4 ,! two pieces 9 ! g>d5 &  _m o!rs
 po/$ beh9d !m ?rew _! broad fla%es     
?r\gh  ! d>kness1 :ile ,russians &      
,prussians cr[d$ ?r\gh !  /reet4 ,b all 
?is 0 z no?+ 9 comp>ison to ! fire (  ! 
,fr5*1 f ! hill opposite ! village1 :ile
 !  con/ant gl>e %[$ ! ,"y ,gu>d com+ on
 at !  d\ble-quick1 g5]als & colonels on
 horseback 9 ! mid/ (  ! bayonets1 wav+ 
_! swords & *e]+ !m on1 :ile !          
tw5ty-f\r guns ! emp]or _h s5t to       
support ! movem5t  ?und]$ beh9d4 ,! old 

wall aga9/ :i* ,i lean$ %ook to  its    
f\ndations4 ,9 ! /reet ! balls m[$ d[n !
 enemy  l grass be=e ! scy!4 ,x 0 _!    
turn to close up !  ranks4    ,i paid no
 fur!r att5tion to ! s]geant1 b li/5$ to
 !  inspir+ %\ts ( ,vive l',emp]eur6 r++
 out 9 !  mom5t>y sil5ce betwe5 !       
reports ( ! guns4    ,! ,russians & !   
,prussians 7 =c$ back2 ! %\ts (  our    
troops grew ne>] & ne>]4 ,! cannone]s at
 ! pieces  be=e me load$ & fir$ at _!   
utmo/ spe$1 :5 ?ree or  f\r grape-%ots  
fell among !m & broke ! :eel ( "o (  _! 
guns1 besides kill+ two & w\nd+ ano!r ( 
_!  m54 ,i felt a h& seize my arm4 ,x 0 
! old s]geant4 ,8  eyes 7 glaz+ 9 dea?1 
b he laugh$ scornfully &  savagely4 ,!  
ro( ( our %elt] fell 92 ! walls b5t1 b  
we  c>$ n1 we only saw ! defeat ( !     
enemy & he>d !  ne>] & ne>] %\ts ( our  
m51 :5 ! old s]geant gasp$  9 my e>3    
,"h he is6    ,he rose to 8 knees1      
support+ himself ) "o h&1 :ile  ) ! o!r 
he wav$ 8 hat 9 ! air1 & cri$ 9 a  r++  
voice3    ,vive l',emp]eur6    ,!y 7 8  

la/ words2 he fell on 8 face to ! e>?1 &
  mov$ no m4    ,& ,i1 rais+ myself too 
f ! gr\nd1 saw ,napoleon1 rid+  calmly  
?r\gh ! hail ( %ot--8 hat pull$ d[n ov] 
8  l>ge head--8 grey great-coat op51 a  
broad r$ ribbon  cross+ 8 :ite ve/--!re 
he rode1 calm & imp]turbable1  8 face   
lit up ) ! reflection f ! bayonets4     
,none /ood  _! gr\nd be=e him2 !        
,prussian artill]ym5  ab&on$ _! pieces &
 sprang ov] ! g>d5-h$ge1 despite  !     
cries ( _! (fic]s :o s\ght to keep !m   
back4    ,i saw no m1 our victory 0     
c]ta92 & ,i fell l a corpse  9 ! mid/ ( 
corpses4      #fba                      
,,xiv4    ,:5 s5se return$1 all 0 sil5t 
ar\nd4 ,cl\ds 7 scudd+  across ! sky1 & 
! moon %one d[n ^u ! ab&on$  village1 ! 
brok5 guns1 & ! pale upturn$ faces ( !  
dead1 z calmly z = ages %e _h look$ on !
 fl[+ wat]1  ! wav+ grass1 & ! ru/l+    
leaves4 ,m5 are b insects 9  ! mid/ (   
creation2 lives b drops 9 ! ocean (     
et]nity1  & none s truly feel _!        
insignificance z ! dy+4    ,i c\ld n    

move f :]e ,i lay 9 ! int5se/ pa94 ,my  
"r  arm alone c\ld ,i /ir2 & rais+      
myself ) difficulty ^u  my elb[1 ,i saw 
! dead heap$ along ! /reet1 _! :ite     
faces %9+ l sn[ 9 ! moonlight4 ,! sight 
?rill$ me  ) horror1 & my tee? *att]$4  
,i w\ld h cri$ = help1 b my voice 0 no  
l\d] ?an t  ( a sobb+ *ild4 ,b my feeble
 cry awoke o!rs1 & groans  & %rieks     
arose on all sides4 ,! w\nd$1 ?\ght     
succor 0  com+1 & all :o c\ld cri$      
pite\sly4 ,& ,i he>d1 too1 a  horse     
neigh pa9fully on ! o!r side ( ! h$ge4  
,! poor  animal tri$ to rise1 & ,i saw  
its head & long neck appe>2  !n x fell  
aga9 to ! e>?4    ,! ef=t ,i made reop5$
 my w\nd1 & aga9 ,i felt ! blood  runn+ 
d[n my brea/4 ,i clos$ my eyes to die1 &
 ! sc5es  ( my e>ly *ildhood1 ( my      
native village1 ! face ( my poor  "m z  
%e sang me to sleep1 my little room1 )  
its ni*$  ,virg91 our old dog           
,pomm]--all rose be=e my eyes2 my fa!r  
embrac$ me aga91 z he laid aside 8 axe  
at 8 return f  "w--all rose dreamily    

be=e me4    ,h[ little ^? poor p>5ts    
?\ght t !y 7 re>+  _! boy to die        
mis]ably f> f fri5ds1 & home1 &  succor6
 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld h ask$ _! =giv5ess =   
all  ! pa9 ,i _h giv5 !m6 ,te>s roll$   
d[n my *eeks2 ,i sobb$  l a *ild4    ,!n
 ,ca?>9e1 ,aunt ,grdel1 & ,monsieur     
,g\ld5 pass$ be=e  me4 ,i saw _! grief &
 fe> :5 ! news ( ! battle came4  ,aunt  
,grdel runn+ to ! po/-(fice to le>n     
some?+ ( me1  & ,ca?>9e pray]fully      
await+ h] return1 :ile ,monsieur  ,g\ld5
 se>*$ ! gazette = intellig5ce ( our    
corps4 ,i saw  ,aunt ,grdel return      
disappo9t$1 & he>d ,ca?>9e's sobs z  %e 
ask$ eag]ly = me4 ,!n a mess5g] seem$ to
 arrive at  ,quatre-,v5ts4 ,he op5$ 8   
lea!rn sack1 & h&$ a l>ge  pap] to ,aunt
 ,grdel1 :ile ,ca?>9e /ood1 pale z dea?1
  beside h]4 ,x 0 ! (ficial notice ( my 
dea?6 ,i he>d  ,ca?>9e's he>t-r5d+ cries
 & ,aunt ,grdel's mal$ictions4  ,!n good
 ,monsieur ,g\ld5 came to console !m1 & 
all wept  toge!r4    ,t[>d morn+1 a     
heavy %[] began to fall1 & ! monoton\s  

dripp+ on ! ro(s alone broke ! sil5ce4  
,i ?\ght ( !  good ,god1 ^: p[] & m]cy  
are limitless1 & ,i hop$ t  he w\ld     
p>don my s9s 9 consid]ation ( my        
suff]+s4    ,! ra9 fill$ ! little tr5* 9
 :i* ,i _h be5 ly+4 ,f  "t to "t a wall 
fell 9 ! village1 & ! cattle1 sc>$  away
 by ! battle1 began to resume confid5ce 
& return4 ,i  he>d a goat bleat 9 a     
neighbor+ /able4 ,a great %eph]d's  dog 
w&]$ fe>fully among ! heaps ( dead4 ,!  
horse1 see+  him1 neigh$ 9 t]ror--he    
took him = a wolf--& ! dog fl$4    ,i   
rememb] all ^! details1 =1 :5 we are    
dy+1 we see  ev]y?+1 we he> ev]y?+1 = we
 "k t we are see+  & he>+ our la/4    ,b
 h[ my :ole frame ?rill$ ) joy :51 at ! 
corn] (  ! /reet1 ,i ?\ght ,i he>d !    
s\nd ( voices6 ,h[ eag]ly ,i  li/5$6    
#fbb  ,& ,i rais$ myself ^u my elb[1 &  
call$ = help4 ,x 0  yet night2 b ! fir/ 
grey /reak ( day 0 becom+ visible  9 !  
ea/1 & af> (f1 ?r\gh ! fall+ ra91 ,i saw
 a  light 9 ! fields1 n[ com+ onw>d1 n[ 
/opp+4 ,i saw d>k  =ms b5d+ ar\nd x4 ,!y

 7 only confus$ %ad[s4 ,b  o!rs beside  
me saw ! light2 = on all sides arose    
groans &  pla9tive cries1 f voices s    
feeble t !y seem$ l  ^? ( *ildr5 call+  
_! mo!rs4    ,:at is ?is life to :i* we 
atta* s great a price8 ,?is  mis]able   
exi/5ce1 s full ( pa9 & suff]+8 ,:y d we
 s  cl+ to x1 & fe> m to lose x ?an     
aught else 9 !  _w8 ,:at is x t is to   
come h]eaft] t makes u %udd]  at ! m]e  
?\ght ( dea?8 ,:o kn[s8 ,= ages & ages  
all  h ?\ght & ?\ght on ! great "q1 b   
none h yet  solv$ x4 ,i1 9 my eag]ness  
to live1 gaz$ on t light z !  dr[n+ man 
looks to ! %ore4 ,i c\ld n take my eyes 
f  x1 & my he>t ?rill$ ) hope4 ,i tri$  
aga9 to %\t1 b  my voice di$ on my lips4
 ,! patt]+ ( ! ra9 on ! ru9$  dwell+s1 &
 on ! trees1 & ! gr\nd1 dr[n$ all o!r   
s\nds1 &1 al?\gh ,i kept repeat+1 ,!y   
he> u6 ,!y are  com+6 & al?\gh ! lant]n 
seem$ to gr[ l>g] &  l>g]1 aft] w&]+ =  
"s "t ov] ! field1 x sl[ly  disappe>$   
beh9d a little hill4    ,i fell once m  
s5seless to ! gr\nd4    --------        

,! ,old ,religion2      ,or1 ,h[ ,%all  
,we ,f9d ,primitive ,*ri/ianity8        
,we ,am]icans1 g5]ally1 h got ! "n ( be+
 ! mo/  g-ahead p on e>?4 ,we are always
 look+ out = !  la/ new ?+1 &1 :5 we h  
got x1 we try to sail pa/  x1 to d      
some?+ bett]4 ,we h tri$ our h&s at     
ev]y?+  "u ! sun2 we h _h our fair %>e 9
 orig9al inv5tion1  & :5 we h n inv5t$  
we h br\ght out ! la/  improvem5ts4     
,among/ o!r ?+s1 we h tri$ our h&s at  !
 manufacture ( religions1 & if man c\ld 
h made a  religion1 !re is n a d\bt t we
 %\ld h succe$$4 ,z  x is1 we work$ !   
religi\s elem5t ) consid]able           
orig9ality4 ,we h made tracks :i* no o!r
 p h ev]  ?\ght (1 & our imitations (   
religion h be5 a prodigi\s  success4    
,b1 9 tru?1 ! great majority ( ?9k+ p 9 
?is  c\ntry h always rema9$ deeply      
conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( !  old orig9al       
,*ri/ianity z ! "w ( ,god's revelation  
to man1  n z ! result ( human ?\ght4 ,z 
a revelation1 !y "k x  mu/ h be5 giv5   
once = all z a heav5ly treasure1 to be  

pres]v$ 9 its antiquity to ! end1 n to  
be improv$ ^u  & adapt$ & remodell$ by  
human +5uity4  #fbc  ,h5ce1 z a p1 we   
are conv9c$ ( ! claims ( !  ,*ri/ian    
religion ^u our allegiance1 & und]/&    
moreov]  t n ! newe/ ?+ 9 religions1 b !
 v]itable old  religion1 is n only !    
be/1 b is ! only tru?2  our /r5g? 9     
life1 our hope 9 dea?2 ! only ?+ we h   
to seek aft]1 if z yet we h n f\nd x1 ! 
pe>l (  priceless value1 ! pur*ase ( our
 admission into heav54    ,! "q1 !re=e1 
z betwe5 ,*ri/ians1 n>r[s itself to  !  
simple issue1 ,:i* is ! old religion1 & 
:at 0  primitive ,*ri/ianity8    ,b1    
aga91 we may n>r[ ! "q /ill m4 ,all     
admit1 z  beyond all d\bt1 t !re is "o  
*ur*1 & "o only1 :i*  is hi/orically 9  
possession ( ! old religion4 ,o!r *ur*es
  9 ?is c\ntry h _! hi/ory1 & we "k :5  
ea* began2  "s are n z old z !          
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 none are     
old] ?an ! era ( ! ,re=mation1 #cjj ye>s
 ago4 ,!  ,ca?olic ,*ur* /&s alone 9 h] 
anci5t desc5t & undaunt$  l9eage among/ 

! *ur*es ( ! mod]n creation4 ,true1 x   
is answ]$1 '! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is ! old   
*ur*' ,9  ! l9e ( h] bi%ops %e c1 no    
d\bt1 trace h] desc5t  until1 z         
,macaulay says1 'hi/ory is lo/ 9 !      
twilight (  fable4' ,if %e _c c\nt "n by
 "n ! long  succession ( h] pontiffs up 
to ! apo/les1 !re is c]ta9ly  no o!r    
*ur* t c put 9 ! %ad[ ( a claim to      
apo/olic succession4 ,b anci5t z %e is1 
%e is n old  en\gh to be primitive1 & we
 %\ld h>dly ?9k t any  educat$ ,ca?olic 
w\ld v5ture to /& up be=e ! public &    
say hone/ly t he believ$1 & 0 ready to  
give pro(1 t  ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( !      
pres5t day & primitive ,*ri/ianity  are 
id5tical4    ,su*1 /range z x seems to  
,ca?olics1 is v mu* ! attitude  ( !     
educat$ ,prote/ant m9d1 :5 lea/         
prejudic$ t[>d !  *ur*4 ,prote/ants1 ev5
 ( ?is class1 d n "k t !  id5tity ( !   
,ca?olic religion & primitive           
,*ri/ianity is a  fir/ pr9ciple ) u1 &  
has always be5 s1 c5turies be=e         
,prote/antism 0 he>d (2 t ?is is ! "o   

only basis on  :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* re/s
 h] exclusive "r to tea* all  nations1 &
 has always re/$ x4 ,disprove ! ju/ness 
( ?is  claim1 & y h r$uc$ ! ,ca?olic    
,*ur* to ! level (  "o ( ! sects4 ,s    
anci5t & _w-wide a *all5ge c only  seem 
new & /range to ,prote/ants1 because !y 
d n "k  ev5 our fir/ pr9ciples1 /ill    
less ! reason+s on :i*  !y re/4 ,b      
cle>ly x _c be ra% & foolh>dy 9 u to    
put =w>d claims to :i* ! intellect ( !  
va/ majority (  ,*ri/ians1 = ne>ly tw5ty
 c5turies1 has giv5 9 its  adhesion4 ,b 
to come to our own age & to facts ( our 
own  exp]i5ce :i* meet u at e turn1 we  
he> e day &  h he>d = ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 
"h & 9 ,engl&1 & 9  all o!r ,prote/ant  
c\ntries1 ( great numb]s ( conv]sions   
to ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,among/ !m !re h
 be5 _m (  ! lead+ m9ds ( ! day1        
high-class$ m51 ! fl[] ( !  univ]sities1
 n[ hold+ em95t positions 9 diff]5t     
walks (  sci5ce & lit]ature1 at ! b>1 9 
! s5ate1 & 9 !  *ur*4  #fbd  ,to "n ,dr4
 ,newman z ! lead+ intellect among/     

rec5t  conv]ts to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 is  
to "n "o :o possesses a  m ?an ,european
 reputation1 nay1 :o is z well kn[n on  
?is  z on ! o!r cont95t = acut5ess &    
accuracy ( ?\ght1  sobriety ( judgm5t1 &
 indefatigable rese>* into e  "q involv+
 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ian antiquity1         
primitive  belief & practice2 & su* m5  
are b a reproduction1 9 our  day1 ( !   
same type :i* we f9d 9 all ^? o!r m5 (  
high moral & intellectual end[m5ts :o1 f
 ! days ( ,/4  ,augu/9e1 h br\ght to !  
s]vice ( ! *ur* ! m5tal  p[]s :i* _h be5
 tra9$ 9 ! camp ( h] enemies4 ,:at d    
all su* conv]sions involve b ! emphatic 
admission1 on !  "p ( su* conv]ts1 t !  
,ca?olic religion has made out  h] claim
 to id5tity ) primitive ,*ri/ianity8    
,p]haps we1 9 ?is c\ntry1 are m ?an o!rs
 av]se to  b[+ d[n to ! au?ority ( great
 names4 ,/ill x _c be  d5i$ t p]itus 9  
arte sua1 ! man :o has made any  art or 
sci5ce 8 p>ticul> /udy is & always mu/  
be an  au?ority4 ,we may exam9e a "q =  
ourselves1 or try an  exp]im5t 9        

physics1 b we mu/ admit t ! *ances are a
  hundr$ to "o t1 aft] hav+ tri$ x1 we  
%all f9d only  ! pr$ict$ result4 ,x is 9
 ?is s5se t we h br\ght  =w>d ! au?ority
 ( majorities1 & ( great names 9 !      
pres5t "q1 n z decid+ ! matt]1 ,:at is !
  tru?8 b z ju/ly produc+ on ! m9ds (   
unprejudic$  p]sons a /rong presumption 
9 favor ( ! ju/ness ( su*  conclusions4 
,if x be said t ! und\bt$ly great m9ds  
:i*  h embrac$ ! ,ca?olic religion are  
no pro(1 or ev5  presumption1 t !       
,ca?olic religion is true1 we reply1 ,be
 x  s2 !y d1 h[ev]1 af=d a /rong        
presumption ( !  s9c]ity ( su* conv]ts  
:51 z is g5]ally ! case1 x c  be %[n t  
!y embrac$ ! ,ca?olic fai? aga9/ ! =ce  
( e>ly prejudice & to _! own temporal   
loss4 ,& x af=ds  also a /rong p]suasion
 t ! reasons :i* !y _h = !  *ange (     
religion mu/ h be5 weighty1 s9ce !y     
wr\ght  conviction 9 ! m9ds ( m5 well   
capable ( judg+ ( !  =ce ( argum5t1 & :o
 knew also all t c\ld be urg$ on  ! o!r 
side4 ,9 fact1 ! argum5t 9 favor ( !    

,ca?olic  religion1 drawn f ! fact ( !  
great & good m5 :o h  9 e age embrac$ x1
 is simil> to t :i* is v  commonly      
br\ght =w>d 9 favor ( ! g5]al evid5ces (
  ,*ri/ianity1 f ! fact ( _! hav+ wr\ght
 conviction 9  ! m9d ( ,/4 ,paul or (   
,sir ,isaac ,newton4    ,! l>ge numb] ( 
conv]sions tak+ place e day among/      
ourselves1 n m]ely ( ! unle>n$ b ev5 m 9
  proportion1 ( ! m educat$ & ! m       
morally elevat$1  & ! special weight :i*
 ! submission ( p]sons specially  em95t 
= moral & intellectual gifts c>ries ) x1
 ought  to h1 & inde$ are f\nd to       
produce at lea/ ?is effect on  s5sible  
m51 t x makes !m pause to consid]1 & try
 to  assign a suffici5t reason = su*    
conv]sions4 ,anyh[1 :e!r  any reason    
good or bad c be assign$ = ?is movem5t1 
x is a  fact1 to :i* no "o :o ent]s into
 society c %ut 8  eyes4 ,conv]sion to ! 
,ca?olic religion is l an epidemic2  !re
 is no neighborhood or pr(ession1       
sc>cely a family 9 any  class ( society 
9 :i* conv]sions to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* h  

n tak5 place4 ,i ent] a railway c> or a 
/eamboat2 ,i g to a  d9n] p>ty2 ,i /& up
 ) my p>tn] at a ball2 &1 9 !  pauses ( 
! busy hum ( voices or ( musical s\nds1 
,i become  aw>e t my opposite neighbors 
are actually discuss+ )  int]e/1 attack+
 or def5d+1 ! ,ca?olic religion4    #fbe
    ,go+ into t[n by ! c>s ! o!r day1 ,i
 met my uncle ,joe 9  a br[n /udy4 ,good
 morn+1 sir6 :y s gloomy8    ,:y1 ,john1
 my elde/ son1 has become a ,papi/1 sir2
 sorry =  x2 a good1 /eady lad1 b he has
 got into ! h&s ( !  prie/s1 sir2 ,i fe>
 x is all up ) him4 ,i suppose he w     
%ave 8 head next1 leave 8 boots at home1
 & turn out l  "o ( ^? b>e-foot$ fri>s  
we us$ to see 9 ,belgium la/  fall4     
,well1 b1 uncle1 say ,i1 x _c be help$1 
y see2 y  w\ld n h ! boy1 z y call      
him--?\gh he is two &  tw5ty if he is a 
day--g aga9/ 8 consci5ce & rema9 a      
nom9al ,prote/ant to please y4 ,no1 sir1
 he replies1 y  h me !re2 ,i /& up = !  
pr9ciple ( lib]ty (  consci5ce1 sir4    
,yes1 sir1 lib]ty ( consci5ce4 ,i "k all

  ab\t x1 civil & religi\s lib]ty1 :i* !
 fa!rs ( our  glori\s republic e/abli%$ 
once & = all "t z !  palladium ( our    
con/itution4 ,b h[ ! boy c fancy !      
,ca?olic religion to be true1 & make a  
matt] ( consci5ce to  jo9 x1 t is my    
puzzle1 ,i c tell y4    ,well1 b my de> 
sir1 x is no flatt]y to say to y1 y\r   
son  is no fool4 ,he kn[s :at he is     
ab\t2 = 8 age1 !re is n  a m promis+ "y 
fell[ at our b>2 only la/ week old      
,judge ,davis complim5t$ him = ! way 9  
:i* he _h tak5 a  v complicat$ case 9   
equity & lit]ally turn$ x inside  out & 
held x up = inspection4 ,he is n a *ild2
 he has cut  all 8 tee?1 & is n "o to be
 l$ by ! nose by any man1  be he prie/  
or lawy]--y don't walk r\nd a ,yankee   
lawy] 9 a  hurry4    ,well1 t is true1  
said my uncle4 ,he has z s\nd a head z  
any lad ,i "k1 & at s*ool & college he 0
 always well up4  ,:atev] has turn$ 8   
head to ,papacy8 ,d y "k ,i sometimes   
?9k x is :at !y call a monomania--l !   
man :o  0 s5sible en\gh 9 ev]y?+ else b 

mad on "o po9t1 &  ?\ght he 0 a pump2 & 
ano!r took to 8 room & c\ld n  be got to
 g out because he ?\ght he 0 made (     
glass1 &  w\ld n /& jo/l+ 9 ! /reets4   
,!n ?9k ( ,joanna  ,s\?cote1 ,joe ,smi?1
 & ! re/4 ,my ^w6 !re is no end (  !    
ab]rations ( ! human intellect4         
,well1 sir1 ,i repli$1 ,i don't ?9k t w 
hold wat]1 =  y & ,i "k a doz5 s5sible1 
fir/-rate m5 :o h turn$  ,ca?olics2 no  
fanatics1 b cool-head$ m5 ( bus9ess1    
good  neighbors1 good husb&s1 hone/ m54 
,!re is ,mr4 ,a41 ,judge ,b41  ,g5]al   
,c41 )9 ! pres5t ye>4 ,!y are n m5 to   
make a  s]i\s *ange1 :i* !y "k w\ld set 
e "o talk+ &  criticis+ !m1 unless !y   
knew well :at !y 7 ab\t1 &  c\ld give   
reasons = ! *ange & /& a little         
criticism4    ,well1 t is no?+ b common 
s5se1 he repli$2 /ill ,i am  puzzl$1 ,i 
c tell y1 to ?9k :y !y did x4    ,well1 
my de> sir1 ,i ?9k ,i c tell y :y !y did
 x4  ,because !y f\nd out t x 0 ! old   
orig9al religion1  aft] all4    ,well1 y
 d a/oni% me4 ,i d believe y mu/ h turn$

  ,ca?olic y\rself1 by ! way y speak4   
,t's a fact uncle6 ,y see1 we h n met = 
m ?an n9e  mon?s4 ,i 0 l$1 ?r\gh !      
conv]sion ( a v de> fri5d  ( m9e1 to    
exam9e into 8 reasons1 & ! result is1 t 
,i  became a ,ca?olic j be=e la/        
,*ri/mas4    #fbf    ,i am glad ,i met y
 to-day1 he rejo9$1 = to tell y !  tru?1
 ,i 0 v mu* cut up ab\t ?is bus9ess4 ,i 
h n  se5 ,john s9ce he did x4 ,i ?\ght  
,i %\ld h to meet him  to-day1 & ,i     
fully int5d$ to cut up r\gh ) him ov] x4
  ,& s1 ,philip1 y are a ,ca?olic2 let  
me look at y2 well1 ,i  wond] h[ y felt 
:5 y w5t d[n on y\r knees & told !      
prie/ ev]y?+ "r away--b ,i suppose !y   
did n get y  up to t po9t1 did !y8    ,z
 = t1 ,i repli$1 set y\r m9d at ease4 ,i
 w5t to  confession l any pi\s old      
woman1 & :5 x 0 ov]1 ,i  nev] felt s    
light & happy s9ce ,i 0 a boy4 ,i felt z
 if ,i  _h got rid ( a load1 l ,*ri/ian1
 9 ! ,pilgrim's  ,progress1 :5 8 heavy  
burd5 fell (f at ! foot ( !  cross (    
,*ri/1 & roll$ d[n into 8 sepul*re1 to  

be buri$  out ( sight =-ev]4    ,ah6    
well1 said he1 if "o c\ld really believe
 9 x1 & 0  sure x 0 all true1 ,i grant  
y4 ,b ,i tell y :at1 ,i want to  h "s m 
talk ab\t ^! matt]s4 ,y see1 ,i "k no?+ 
except by he>say aga9/ ! ,ca?olic       
religion1 & s ,i h no  "r to pron\nce an
 op9ion--b y c't d5y t !y h  a bad "n4  
,g into any ( our *ur*es & he> :at !y   
all  h to say aga9/ ! ,ca?olics4 ,i     
don't believe "o half (  x2 x is cle>   
out ( ! "q t good moral m51 ) all  _!   
wits ab\t !m l _m we "k1 c\ld be        
,ca?olics if  "o half ( ! ?+s said aga9/
 !m 7 true4 ,anyh[1 !y  h got a bad "n &
 !re is no d5y+ x4    ,t is true en\gh1 
,i answ]$2 b d y rememb] ( :om  x 0     
said1 ',z = ?is sect1 x is ev]y:]e spok5
 aga9/1'  & t ,*ri/ tells u t 9 ^? days 
he1 ! great tea*]  ( tru?1 0 call$ by ^?
 :o did n believe 9 him1  ',beelzebub2' 
t is1 !y actually gave out t he 0 !     
devil6 ,& !n he goes on to say1 ',if !y 
h call$ !  ma/] ( ! h\se ,beelzebub1 h[ 
mu* m ^? ( 8  h\sehold2' & ,i suppose 9 

^? days !re 7 s9c]e1  zeal\s m51 ( :om  
,saul 0 "o1 :o took up ?is cry &        
repeat$ x1 & s x came to be v g5]ally   
believ$4    ,t's true1 aga91 he answ]$2 
b "h we are1 at y\r  place1 & ,i mu/ g  
on to my (fice to get my lett]s4 ,b aft]
  bus9ess ,i hope y w n dislike a little
 m talk on ^!  matt]s2 s y mu/ g back ) 
me to ,l9field4 ,x 0 agre$1  !re=e1 t we
 %\ld g home toge!r1 & t ,i %\ld  /op a 
few days at 8 c\ntry place1 a few miles 
out ( t[n4    ,we met accord+ly by      
appo9tm5t1 & 7 soon seat$ toge!r  9 8   
c>riage1 & be=e long free f ! noise &   
turmoil  ( ! city1 & driv+ along ! quiet
 c\ntry roads1 ) !  sights & s\nds (    
h>ve/ all ar\nd1 & no?+ to di/ract  our 
conv]se on grave topics4 ,well1 he said1
 y\r la/ words  h be5 on my m9d all day4
 ,because s _m speak aga9/ !  ,ca?olic  
religion1 & x has got a bad "n1 t is no 
pro(  t x is n "r4 ,! ,jews said worse (
 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians  & ( our ,"l himself4 
,!n !re is ano!r ?+ y said1 t :at made y
 a  ,ca?olic 01 t y came to see t !     

,ca?olic religion &  primitive          
,*ri/ianity are id5tical--s ,i und]/ood 
y4 ,am ,i  "r 9 ?is8    ,c]ta9ly1 ,i    
repli$1 t is precisely my proposition2  
/at$  9 t =m1 ! :ole "q is put1 z x 71 9
 a  nut%ell4    ,j s1 he answ]$1 if t 7 
prov$4 ,s n[ tell me j  h[ y prov$ x to 
y\rself4    #fbg    ,) all my he>t1 sir1
 0 ! reply4 ,!n see "h1 we mu/  fir/ lay
 d[n our def9itions ( :at ,i mean by    
primitive  ,*ri/ianity1 & :at ,i mean by
 ! ,ca?olic religion4    ,c]ta9ly1 he   
ass5t$4    ,primitive ,*ri/ianity1 !n1  
,i cont9u$1 is soon settl$4 ,by  x ,i   
mean ! religion taught by ! apo/les to  
_! disciples1  & by ^? disciples taught 
to o!rs1 & s on--! religion  ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t4    ,v good1 he broke 92 no "o 
c f9d fault ) t1 only  we h always be5  
taught t ! religion ( ! ,new  ,te/am5t1 
a primitive ,*ri/ianity1 0 sub/antially 
! same  z ,prote/antism1 s t x nev]     
/ruck me till ?is mom5t  t !re 0 any    
fair d\bt t ! primitive ,*ri/ians 7     
,prote/ants1 all b ! "n2 & ( c\rse we "k

 t !  "n 0 n giv5 !m at t day4    ,all  
"r6 ,we w see ab\t t lat] on1 ,i        
cont9u$4 ,n[  let me tell y1 9 z few    
words z ,i c1 :at ,i mean by a          
,ca?olic4    ,well1 ,i am all att5tion1 
he said4    ,by a ,ca?olic1 !n1 ,i      
cont9u$1 ,i mean a ,*ri/ian :o is a     
memb] ( t va/1 _w-wide society :i* is   
g5]ally kn[n  & call$1 by fri5d & foe1 !
 ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! spiritual  head ( :i*
 is ! ,bi%op ( ,rome4 ,?is *ur*1 or     
unit$  body--= y "k ! ^w *ur* is ! same 
z ecclesia  9 ,lat9 or ,greek1 & means  
'an assembly1' or 'unit$  body'--?is    
unit$ body we call ca?olic1 or univ]sal1
 because  x has always va/ly outnumb]$  
all o!r divid$ bodies (  ,*ri/ians1 :e!r
 tak5 s+ly or all put toge!r4 ,! numb]  
( ,ca?olics 9 ! _w is usually /at$ to be
 two hundr$  millions2 ( ,russian1      
,greek1 & ,ori5tal s*ismatics ab\t      
n9ety millions1 & ,prote/ants ( all     
d5om9ations ab\t  sev5ty millions4 ,?is 
va/ unit$ body1 z x has always borne  ! 
"n ( ,ca?olic1 s is x ! only body (     

,*ri/ians t  c be call$ ! ca?olic or    
univ]sal *ur*1 if we atta* any  mean+ to
 ! ^w z a def9ition ( ! visible *ur*1   
su*  z we f9d set d[n 9 ! ,cre$1 ',i    
believe 9 ! ,ca?olic  ,*ur*4' ,h[ev]1 z 
! "n ,ca?olic is sometimes claim$ 9  "s 
indef9able s5se by o!r bodies (         
,*ri/ians1 ^? to  :om x belongs ( "r1 & 
by ! =ce ( t]ms1 h no  objection1 = !   
sake ( di/9ction1 to ! t]m sometimes    
appli$ to !m1 ( ,roman ,ca?olic1 mean+  
m]ely !  real ca?olics2 t is to say1 ^? 
:o1 ?\gh  univ]sal1 or spread ev]y:]e1  
are yet unit$ 9 "o visible  society1    
?r\gh be+ all 9 communion ) ! ,bi%op (  
,rome2  be+ ,roman 9 _! c5tre ( unity1 &
 ,ca?olic 9 _!  _w-wide circumf]5ce4    
,?us ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 alone ( all      
,*ri/ian bodies1 be>s1  z x x 71 writt5 
on h] =ehead1 t m>k ( unity  div9ely    
impress$ by h] ,heav5ly ,f\nd] & pres]v$
 by !  p[] ( 8 dy+ pray]1 z a p]petual  
note ( h] heav5ly  orig94 ',i pray !e1  
,o ,fa!r1 t !y may be "o 9 u1 t  ! _w   
may believe t ?\ ha/ s5t me4'    ,i ?9k 

t y w admit t ! old *ur* f\nd$ by our   
,"l 0 to h on h] ^! m>ks ( unity &      
univ]sality1  & t ^! m>ks are to be f\nd
 on no *ur* at ! pres5t  day b ! *ur*   
,ca?olic4    ,yes1 he repli$ aft] a     
mom5t's reflection1 ,i ?9k ?is may      
fairly be admitt$2 b unity is n all t   
our ,"l pray$  =2 9 ! same pray] he     
said1 ',holy ,fa!r1 keep !m 9 ?y  tru?1'
 & we say t ! old *ur* fell away1 & t x 
no  long] tea*es ! ess5tial tru?s ( !   
gospel1 or has  obscur$ !m by false     
doctr9es4    #fbh    ,well1 let t pass =
 ! mom5t1 ,i repli$4 ,we w see  lat] on 
:e!r y w cont9ue to ma9ta9 ^!           
propositions4 ,i w n[ /ate ! pr9cipal   
po9ts on :i* we  are agre$ )            
,prote/ants1 & aft]w>d ! di/9ctive po9ts
  on :i* we diff] f !m4 ,& ,i ?9k y w   
admit t !  po9ts on :i* we are agre$ ) y
 are precisely e "o (  ^? po9ts :i* y   
w\ld consid] to be ! great ess5tial1    
fundam5tal doctr9es ( ! gospel4 ,we     
believe1 !n1 9 !  unity & tr9ity ( ,god1
 ?ree coequal p]sons1 "o 9  sub/ance1 & 

9 ! inc>nation ( ,god ! ,son1 :o became 
!  ,son ( ,bless$ ,m>y1 ev] ,virg91 ( ! 
sub/ance ( 8 "m  accord+ to 8 manhood1 z
 he _h be5 f all et]nity ,god  ! ,son1 (
 "o sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r--,god ( ,god4 ,s 
we  believe & hope = r$emption & grace1 
to d good works  acceptable to ,god1 &  
:i* he w rew>d amply & solely f  & ?r\gh
 ,*ri/ our ,"l1 & 9 pray]1 love1        
rep5tance1  ob$i5ce1 & hol9ess1 z       
conditions ( our salvation ?r\gh  him4  
,& we believe t et]nal p]dition &       
endless woe w  be ! lot ( ^? ':o neglect
 s great a salvation4' ,we  believe also
 t all ,holy ,scripture is writt5 by    
div9e  inspiration1 & :5 /udi$ & rightly
 und]/ood1 by aid (  ,god's ,holy ,_s1  
is mo/ pr(itable = in/ruction 9 all     
,*ri/ian p]fection4 ,9 a ^w1 ,ca?olics  
believe all t  religi\s ,prote/ants     
consid] to be ( ! ess5ce ( true         
religion2 & !y also reject e t5et or    
position :i* c  cla% ) ^! p>am\nt tru?s 
( revelation4 ,a ,prote/ant1  !re=e1 9  
becom+ a ,ca?olic1 has to give up no?+  

:i*  he believes ess5tial 9 religion4   
,no d\bt he w\ld h to add  to 8 fai?    
c]ta9 o!r tru?s :i* at pres5t he does n 
hold1 because he has n come to see t !y 
are p>ts (  reveal$ tru?4    ,i h n lo/ 
a ^w1 he repli$1 ( :at y h be5  say+4 ,i
 confess x is q a new light to me1 t all
 ^!  doctr9es :i* y h /at$ are "p &     
p>cel ( !  ,ca?olic fai?2 b1 my de>     
,philip1 ,i _c help fancy+ t  all       
,ca?olics are n l y1 = ,i h always he>d 
t !y  d5i$ or obscur$ ne>ly e "o ( ^!   
doctr9es4    ,z = ^! /atem5ts ( doctr9e 
n be+ ! au?oriz$  tea*+ ( ! *ur*1 ,i c  
only say t y w f9d !m  all /at$ fully by
 ! au?orities ( our *ur* 9 ! canons  &  
cate*ism ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 & /at$    
briefly 9  e *ild's cate*ism4 ,yet1     
not)/&+1 z y say1  ,prote/ants g5]ally  
seem to ?9k t !y "k our religion  bett] 
?an we d ourselves2 al?\gh !y seldom    
read our books1  !y insi/ on d5y+ t we  
really d hold ^! po9ts  :i* we pr(ess to
 hold 9 common ) !m2 b ,i ?9k y  w admit
 t we ought to be all[$ to "k our own   

cre$  be/4 ,x is a wond] t !y d n r     
rejoice to believe  t we h s _m po9ts ( 
fai? 9 common1 & ^? !  v po9ts 9 :i* !y 
consid] ! ess5ce ( true religion  to    
consi/4 ,x seems z if !y _h an in/9ctive
 feel+ t  ! /r5g? ( _! position w\ld be 
brok5 up if once if  %\ld appe> t !     
diff]5ces betwe5 !mselves & ! old       
religion 7 on b few po9ts1 & ^? su* z !y
 d n  consid] ! mo/ ess5tial4    #fbi   
,well1 anyh[1 he rejo9$1 :atev] be !    
reason1 !re is a  /rong prejudice on bo?
 sides2 ,prote/ants are z /rongly       
conv9c$ t y are 9 ! wrong z y ,ca?olics 
are  conv9c$ t y are "r4 ,"o or o!r ( u 
mu/ be wrong2  & if we ass]t t y are    
wrong aga9/ su* a /rong  conviction on  
y\r "p1 & "o t has subsi/$ = s _m  ages1
 & be5 held by su* a va/ majority1 :y1  
we are =c$  to admit t our /rong        
conviction aga9/ y is no argum5t  t we  
are 9 ! "r4 ,b y c't d5y t su* a /rong  
conviction z ours mu/ h "s f\ndation 9  
reason4    ,j s1 ,i answ]$1 ,i d n d5y x
 at all4 ,^! same  reasons seem$ s      

conv9c+ to me once t ,i c\ld n h        
believ$ t any reason+ c\ld h conv9c$ me 
t ,i 0  mi/ak54 ,i w j t\* on "s ( !    
reasons :i* weigh$  mo/ ) me aga9/ !    
,ca?olic religion4 ,f my own  exp]i5ce  
,i am conv9c$ t ! difficulty ,prote/ants
  g5]ally feel1 9 admitt+ t ,ca?olics   
really d hold  all t !y deem to be      
ess5tial1 arises *iefly f ?is1  t x     
seems to !m cle> & evid5t t c]ta9 o!r   
doctr9es :i* we hold1 su* z ! m]it (    
good works1 !  invocation ( ,sa9ts1 !   
inh]5t efficacy ( ,sacram5ts1           
,purgatory1 ! real ,pres5ce1 & !        
sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 !  use ( images1   
pictures1 & relics1 ! ,immaculate       
,conception1  & devotion to ! ,bless$   
,virg91 & p]haps o!r doctr9es  &        
practices1 mu/ necess>ily int]f]e ) !   
m$iatorial (fice ( ,*ri/ & ) ! wor%ip ( 
,god1 & be  impi\s or idolatr\s4        
,well1 he answ]$1 y h giv5 a long li/   
en\gh1 & x  makes me feel all ov] j z ,i
 0 be=e ,i met y4 ,i decl>e1  to my dy+ 
day ,i nev] c\ld take 9 all ^? ?+s2 & ,i

  c't see h[ y1 or any s5sible man1 c\ld
 come to believe  !m4 ,nay1 don't tell  
me y believe !m4 ,:y1 y\r *ur* c't      
expect x ( an ,am]ican citiz51 :atev]   
may be ! case )  ,fr5*m5 & ,spani>ds1 t 
h be51 z "o may say1 br\ght  up to x1 & 
_h x br$ 9 ! bone4 ,i am sure ,i c\ld   
easi]  turn ,jew & g back to ! old      
orig9al religion ( all ?an  become a    
,ca?olic4    ,h a c>e1 my de> sir1 ,i   
answ]$2 make no ra% /atem5ts4  ,i once  
?\ght z y d n[4 ,i c't answ] all        
objections  aga9/ ^! doctr9es 9 "o      
brea?4 ,give me "t1 & ,i am n  afraid ( 
go+ into !m "o aft] ! o!r4 ,b ,i c't    
attempt x n[2 & n[1 z we are gett+ ne>  
home1 j walk  y\r horse along ?is %ady  
bit ( road1 & ,i w f9i% =  to-day4 ,n[1 
) reg>d to all ^! doctr9es :i* seem s   
/range & repugnant to y1 let me say1 z  
an hone/ man :o  once ?\ght & felt z y d
 n[1 b :o has come by ,god's  grace to  
see ?+s diff]5tly--let me say1 z "o :o  
kn[s  t he mu/ answ] = 8 e ^w be=e      
,*ri/'s un]r+  tribunal1 t !re is n "o (

 ^? po9ts :i* is n  capable ( be+ %[n 9 
no degree to int]f]e ) ! supreme        
pr]ogatives ( our div9e ,"l & only      
,savi\r1 & :i* is  n capable (          
conclusive pro(4 ,w\ld to ,god t        
,prote/ants1  in/ead ( read+ & he>+ only
 :at is said aga9/ u1  w\ld he> & read  
:at we h to say = ourselves4 ,^!  e>ly  
prejudices1 ?is 'human tradition1' :i*  
'!y h  receiv$ to hold1' w\ld be disp]s$
 l ! morn+ mi/s  be=e ! sun4    ,! g5]al
 answ] t ,i w\ld give to su* objections 
is1 read  ,ca?olic books1 & y w f9d t   
all ^! allegations are  z old z         
,prote/antism1 & t !y h be5 answ]$ a    
hundr$ times ov]4    #fcj    ,if we are 
,ca?olics1 x is simply "u ,god's grace1 
because we  h read = ourselves1 & h be5 
satisfi$ ) !  ,ca?olic answ] on e s+le  
po9t4 ,if ,i am ask$ to "n any  p>ticul>
 works :i* w\ld be f\nd specially       
useful--,i mean  works ( a popul> "*--,i
 w\ld m5tion ,bi%op ,miln]'s  ,end (    
,controv]sy2 ,! ,fai? ( ,ca?olics1 by   
,wat]wor?2  v>i\s works ( ,dr4 ,newman &

 ,ar*bi%op ,mann+2 ,temporal  ,mission (
 ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ,rule ( ,fai?2 !      
works ( ,ar*bi%op ,k5rick2 & o!r works  
:i* may be  obta9$ at any ,ca?olic      
book/ore4 ,b mo/ ,prote/ants1 z 0  my   
own case :5 a ,prote/ant1 h a /rong     
prejudice aga9/  read+ ,ca?olic books4  
,i believe ! basis ( ?is prejudice  7:i*
 w\ld be logical en\gh if its basis 7 j7
 is mu*  ! same z t :i* w\ld rightly    
dis9cl9e all religi\s  p]sons1 unless 9 
"s way x became a duty1 f read+         
,soc9ian & dei/ical writ+s4 ,!y h be5   
accu/om$ to  consid] t ,ca?olics h ?is 9
 common ) ,soc9ians &  dei/s1 t !y all1 
m or less1 reject ^? doctr9es (         
r$emption ?r\gh ,*ri/ :i* e baptiz$ &   
?9k+  ,*ri/ian feels to be "p ( ! inn]  
life ( 8 s\l1 :i*  he w\ld die r ?an "p 
f4 ,b ^? :o reason ?us  aga9/ ! ,ca?olic
 religion1 & are unwill+ to exam9e its  
evid5ce1 =get t ,?omas  ,kempis1 or !   
au?or ( !  ,imitation ( ,*ri/1 0 a      
,ca?olic1 a monk ( ! middle  ages1      
devot$ to e ,ca?olic doctr9e4 ,8 f\r?   

book on !  ,eu*>i/ manife/s1 9 e page1 8
 belief 9 ! real  ,pres5ce1 & !         
sacrifice ( ! ,mass2 & he speaks (      
invocation ( sa9ts1 purgatory1 prie/ly  
absolution1 & o!r  ,ca?olic doctr9es4   
,yet ?is "w1 on acc\nt ( ! pure love (  
,god & tru/ 9 a ,savi\r1 :i* x brea!s 9 
e l9e1 is  almo/ z great a favorite )   
dev\t ,prote/ants z x is )  pi\s        
,ca?olics4 ,translat$ f beg9n+ to end by
 ,john ,wesley1  x is to be f\nd z a    
manual ( piety1 ) 8  imprimatur1        
recomm5d$ by him1 9 ! h&s ( all 8       
foll[]s4    ,! same may be said ( !     
works ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,fnlon1  ,pas*al1   
all well-kn[n names famili> ?r\gh       
translations (  _! works to all         
well-read ,prote/ants4 ,aga91 ! ,jans5i/
  writ]s ( ! s*ool ( ,port ,royal are1  
,i believe1 g5]ally  admir$ by :at are  
call$ ! ,evangelical s*ool among        
,prote/ants4 ,yet ! ,jans5i/s all held !
 cre$ ( ,pope ,pius1  laid d[n at !     
,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 & all ! di/9ctive      
doctr9es ( ! ,ca?olic religion4    ,i h 

spok5 be=e ( ,dr4 ,newman z a "n honor$ 
by all1 by  ,prote/ants z well z        
,ca?olics4 ,no "o has writt5 m ably 9   
def5ce ( e doctr9e ( ! *ur*4 ,c\ld he1  
:o is !  au?or ( ! l9es ,i am j go+ to  
repeat1 h writt5 s  truly & t\*+ly ( !  
love ( our ,bless$ ,"l & fai? 9  him1 if
 he _h held any doctr9e :i* int]f]$ ) or
  ov]%ad[$ ! supremacy ( t ,"l & only   
,savi\r8      ',firmly ,i believe1 &    
truly1       ,god is ?ree1 & ,god is "o4
     ,& ,i next ackn[l$ge duly          
,manhood tak5 by ! ,son4     ,& ,i hope 
& tru/ mo/ fully       ,9 t manhood     
crucifi$4     ,& ea* ?\ght & de$ unruly 
,d to dea? z he ha? di$4     ,simply to 
8 grace1 & solely1       ,life & light &
 /r5g? belong4     ,& ,i love supremely1
 solely       ,him ! ,holy1 him !       
,/rong4     ,& ,i hold 9 v5]ation1      
,= ! love ( ,*ri/ alone1     ,holy *ur*1
 z 8 creation1       ,& h] tea*+ z 8    
own4'                         ,dream (  
,g]ontius4    #fca    ,n[1 my de> uncle1
 y w und]/& ! e>ne/ness ( a man  :o     

feels t x is beyond ! p[] ( words to    
express !  dep? ( 8 convictions4 ,^!1   
inde$1 ,i _c imp>t to y4  ,i _c give y !
 gift ( fai?4 ,b s f>1 at lea/1 ,i feel 
sure y w g ) me1 9 admitt+ t ! facts ,i 
h j  /at$ %\ld lead s]i\s ,prote/ants to
 admit t !y h  be5 wrong 9 assum+ t !   
,ca?olic religion1 al?\gh a  great      
religi\s fact1 maje/ic = h] antiquity1  
univ]sality1  & unity1 z all mu/ admit1 
has yet a m>k aga9/ h] :i*  disp5ses !m 
f all se>* aft] tru? 9 t direction4 ,my 
la/ words %all be ^? :i*1 ?\gh !y seem$ 
to ,/4  ,augu/9e to be utt]$ by ! voice 
( a *ild1 7 yet1 z he  tells u1 bless$  
to 8 own conv]sion3 ,tolle1             
lege'--,take & read4'    ,j z ,i _h     
f9i%$ my la/ s5t5ce1 we drove into !    
approa* to ! mansion1 :]e ! ladies 7    
already assembl$  on ! lawn1 a sign t ! 
arrangem5ts = d9n] 7  complet$1 & t all 
7 await+ only ! return ( !  ma/] ( !    
h\se4 ,s1 k9dly greet+s1 inquiries aft] 
abs5t  fri5ds 9 ,europe & ,am]ica1 & !  
o!r happy little  accompanim5ts ( an    

ev5+ at home 9 ! c\ntry 9 lovely  autumn
 wea!r1 effectually put a /op to all    
fur!r  conv]sation on ! engross+ topics 
:i* _h occupi$ u  dur+ ! morn+4    ,!   
next day rose bright & beautiful1 almo/ 
too cl\dless &  sultry1 if we _h _h a   
j\rney be=e u1 & six or sev5 h\rs  to   
pass 9 ! /ifl+ heat ( ------4 ,b we _h  
agre$ to take  a day's holiday 9 !      
c\ntry1 &1 aft] breakfa/1 we /roll$  out
 toge!r to ! summ]-h\se by ! brook1 :]e 
! daily  pap]s & ! la/ reviews1 ,am]ican
 & ,engli%1 7 laid out  on !            
libr>y-table ( ! cool retreat b5ea? !   
broad  *e/nut trees1 :i* s]v$ my uncle z
 8 /udy dur+ !  summ] mon?s4 ,! o!r     
memb]s ( ! family _h _! own  read+ & "w 
to att5d to4 ,s we _h ! prospect ( a    
long  =5oon ( leisure = read+ or        
conv]sation4 ,aft] ! news  ( ! day _h   
be5 read & discuss$1 we ea* took up a   
review  & read on pretty /eadily = an   
h\r or m4 ,!n my uncle  began to light 8
 cig>1 & ,i saw t he 0 wat*+ :5 ,i  %\ld
 h f9i%$ ! article ,i 0 read+1 & t he 0 

ready = a *at4 ,:5 he saw t ,i 0 clos+ !
 volume1 he  began3 ,i h ?\ght a good   
deal ov] all y said ye/]day4  ,j give me
 a memor&um ( "o or two ( ! books y     
spoke  (4 ,i p5cill$ !m d[n on ! back ( 
a lett] & h&$ x  to him2 he put !       
memor&um into 8 pocket-book4    ,n[1 he 
said1 ,i %\ld l to he> h[ y make out t !
  primitive ,*ri/ians 7 ,ca?olics4 ,y "k
 all my family are  /rict               
,episcopalians2 !re 0 "o ( !m a bi%op   
ov] 9 !  old c\ntry1 & we always took   
great pride 9 ! ,*ur* (  ,engl&2 & ,i "k
 we 7 always taught1 & ,i've read sev]al
  books ab\t ! old aborig9al ,briti%    
,*ur*1 :i* seem$ to me  to prove pretty 
cle>ly t1 up to ! ye> #fjj1 or !reab\ts1
  aft] ,*ri/1 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 ,brita9
 knew no?+ ( !  au?ority ( ! ,bi%op (   
,rome1 & oppos$ 8 claims :5 !y  7 put   
=w>d by ,augu/9e on 8 com+ ov] to conv]t
 !  ,saxons4    #fcb    ,well1 sir1 ,i  
repli$1 curi\sly en\gh1 ,i h j be5      
read+ y\r la/ numb] ( ! ,saturday       
,review1 :i*1 z  we all "k1 is no fri5d 

to ,ca?olics1 & ,i h be5 mu*  /ruck by a
 v able article :i*1 ,i ?9k1 y w f9d    
well  wor? read+4 ,if y w all[ me1 ,i w 
read y a passage  :i* may s]ve me z a   
text = :at ,i %all h to say 9  answ] to 
y\r "q ab\t ! ,briti% ,*ur*1 & h[ ,i    
make  out t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7          
,ca?olics3 ',! di/9ctive  pr9ciple ( !  
,engli% ,re=mation 0 an appeal to       
,*ri/ian  antiquity1 z admirable1 &     
probably z imag9>y1 z !  ,gold5 ,age ( !
 poets4' ,! writ] !n goes on to say1 't 
! era ( ! ,re=mation 0 be=e ! age (     
accurate  hi/orical criticism4 ,! true  
me?od ( hi/orical criticism 0  z yet    
uncreat$1 & x is n too mu* to say t     
:atev]  accurate k we n[ possess ( !    
*ur* ( ! fir/  c5turies1 has be5 obta9$ 
)9 ! la/ fifty ye>s1 &  t a bett]       
acqua9tance ) ! rema9s ( antiquity has  
conv9c$ u t _m doctr9es & practices :i* 
h be5  commonly acc\nt$ to be           
peculi>ities ( lat] ,romanism1 exi/$  9 
! be/ & pure/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity4'      
7,saturday  ,review1 #ahff47    ,ah6 ,i 

%\ld n wond]1 he repli$1 if !y _h hit ! 
"r  nail on ! head !re2 ,i mu/ read t   
article--h[ is x  head$8    ,oh6 y c't  
miss x1 ,i answ]$1 ! title is ,primitive
  ,*ri/ianity4,footnote #eg ,well1 !n1  
to answ] y\r  "q4 ,we argu$ ye/]day z to
 ! great lead+ doctr9es  on :i*         
,prote/ants & ,ca?olics are at "o1 & :i*
 all  ,*ri/ians hold z ess5tial4 ,n[ =  
:at y w\ld call !  di/9ctive doctr9es ( 
! ,ca?olic religion1 or z ! writ]  9 ,! 
,saturday expresses x1 ':at are commonly
 acc\nt$  7by ,prote/ants7 z            
peculi>ities ( lat] ,romanism1' b :i*   
we ,ca?olics hold to be no less ess5tial
 tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1  "p & p>cel ( !   
same revelation :i* tea*es u !  doctr9e 
( ! ,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation4 ,i w "n    
?ree  :i* ,i ?9k y w admit are          
suffici5tly di/9ctive4 ,we  hold1 !re=e3
        ,footnote #eg3 ,saturday        
,review1 w9t] qu>t]1 #ahff4    ,fir/4 ,t
 = ,*ri/'s sake we are to obey ! *ur*1  
:i*  he has made 8 infallible witness 9 
! _w1 until he %all  come aga94 ',! *ur*

 ( ! liv+ ,god1 ! pill> &  f\ndation ( !
 tru?4' 7,i ,tim4 iii4 #ae47            
,secondly4 ,t = ! same reason we are    
b\nd to submit to !  spiritual supremacy
 ( ! ,pope or ,bi%op ( ,rome1 !         
successor  ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :om ,*ri/1 :o is
 himself ',,! ,,rock1' or sure          
f\ndation ( 8 *ur*1 left1 :5 he asc5d$  
up out ( sight1  to be ! ,visible ,rock1
 on :i* he will$ to build up 8  *ur* 9  
unity4    ,?irdly4 ,t ,god is to be     
wor%ipp$ by sacrifice1 & t 9  place ( ! 
typical sacrifices (f]$ to ,god1 f !  "t
 ( ,adam to ,moses1 & f ,moses to ! "t (
 ,*ri/ 9  ! ,levitical wor%ip1 he has   
in/itut$ ! great reality (  ! eu*>i/ic  
sacrifice ( ,*ri/'s body & blood1       
commonly call$ ! ,mass4    ,( c\rse !re 
are o!r doctr9es :i* ,i might "n1 b  ^! 
?ree are suffici5t = my purpose4 ,my    
proposition is1  t ^! doctr9es 7 z      
di/9ctively *>act]i/ics (  primitive    
,*ri/ianity z !y are ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
( !  pres5t day1 or :at our fri5d 9 ,!  
,saturday calls  ',lat] ,romanism4'     

#fcc    ,well6 g on1 he rejo9$1 ,i am   
all att5tion4 ,i d n want to  raise     
objection to details4 ,i want to he> y\r
 :ole argum5t to  ! end1 !n ,i %all see 
:at ,i may f9d to say ab\t  x--meantime1
 ,i am mu* int]e/$1 & want to see h[ y  
make  out y\r po9ts4 ,i l y\r mode (    
/at+ ! "q2 x is  /raight=w>d1 "r up &   
d[n1 & no mi/ake1 z f> z !  /atem5t ( ! 
case goes1 only ,i want to see h[ y set 
ab\t  prov+ x4 ,b1 "h1 ,i am smok+ all !
 cig>s2 don't y  smoke8    ,:y1 bless ! 
man6 h[ c ,i smoke & talk8 ,!re1 y d all
  ! smok+1 & ,i'll d ! talk+ j n[2 & !n1
 :5  ,i've done1 y may turn on ! /eam1 &
 ,i'll d !  smok+--turn ab\t is fair    
play6    ,well1 !n1 le>n$ ,prote/ants   
are n[ beg9n+ to admit 't  _m doctr9es &
 practices :i* 7at ! "t ( !  ,re=mation7
 7 commonly acc\nt$ to be peculi>ities (
 lat]  ,romanism1 exi/$ 9 ! be/ & pure/ 
ages ( ,*ri/ianity4'    ,n[1 ?is is     
precisely :at we ,ca?olics h always     
ma9ta9$2  only my proposition is1 t !   
di/9ctive features (  ! ,ca?olic        

religion are precisely ^? :i* m>k !     
primitive *ur* & ! ,briti% ,*ur* 9      
primitive ages1  c5turies be=e ! "t :5  
,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! fir/ ,bi%op (           
,cant]bury1 came f ,rome to conv]t our  
,anglo-,saxon  =efa!rs1 ab\t ! ye> ( our
 ,"l #fjj4    ,^? :o delight 9 ! dream (
 a gold5 age ( primitive  ,*ri/ianity1  
:i* 0 ,prote/ant 9 all b ! "n1 & only  n
 ,prote/ant 9 "n because1 z !y imag9e1  
!re 0 !n  no pope to prote/ aga9/1 take 
special delight 9 dwell+ on  imag9>y    
pictures ( an e>ly ,briti% ,*ur*1 & ?is 
= a  v simple reason1 because "h !y c   
/rike out boldly on  ! w+s ( fancy1 )\t 
mu* dang] ( com+ to grief  aga9/ ! h>d  
/one wall ( hi/orical facts4 ,!re is no 
,briti% writ]1 ( ^: works we h any      
ve/ige1 e>li] ?an  ! hi/orian ,gildas1  
:o wrote ab\t ! ye> ( our ,"l #eej6     
,all !y h to rely on = pro( ( any       
diff]5ce betwe5 !  ,briti% ,*ur* & ! o!r
 *ur*es ( ,*ri/5dom is "o  s+le fact1   
:i* !y le>n f ! hi/orian ,b$e1 :o wrote 
9 ! eigh? c5tury4 ,he relates t ab\t !  

ye> #fjj c]ta9  ,briti% bi%ops 7 f\nd   
diff]+ f ! ,roman ,*ur* on  c]ta9 po9ts1
 n ( doctr9e1 b ( discipl9e1 & act+  ) a
 consid]able am\nt ( contumaci\sness    
t[>d ,/4  ,augu/9e1 ! ,roman mission>y &
 fir/ ,ar*bi%op (  ,cant]bury4 ,all ?is 
we fully admit1 & are q prep>$ to       
acc\nt =4 ,b my proposition conc]ns !   
,briti% ,*ur*1 n  9 ! ye> ( our ,"l     
#fjj1 b c5turies be=e1 9 ! e>ly         
primitive times1 f ! fir/ conv]sion (   
,brita94    ,yes1 t is ! po9t2 ,i'm all 
att5tion to he> h[ y make  x out4       
,*ri/ianity 0 probably e/abli%$1        
p>tially 9 ,brita91 9  v e>ly times1    
possibly 9 ! days ( ! apo/les1 n        
impossibly by ,/4 ,paul himself1 &1 if  
s1 x mu/ h be5 !  same 9 all ess5tial   
features z t religion :i* !  apo/les &  
_! imm$iate disciples prea*$ & e/abli%$ 
ev]y:]e else4 ,hi/ory1 h[ev]1 records   
no?+ def9ite  conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ianity (   
,brita91 e>li] ?an ! fact  relat$ by !  
hi/orian ,b$e1 t1 9 ! reign ( ,m>cus    
,aurelius1 emp]or ( ,rome1 at ! reque/ (

 ,lucius1 a ,briti%  k+1 ,pope          
,eleu!rius s5t mission>ies into ,brita94
  #fcd  ,next1 z to :at k9d (           
,*ri/ianity ?is 04 ,i %all %[ t  x 0    
%>ply m>k$ ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,ca?olic 
religion :i* ,i laid d[n j n[4          
,submission to ! au?ority  ( ! ,bi%op ( 
,rome z head ( ! *ur*1 & a belief 9 !   
,real ,pres5ce & ,eu*>i/ic ,sacrifice1  
commonly call$ !  ,mass4    ,) reg>d to 
! au?ority ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome1 z ,head (
  ! ,*ur*1 ,i w quote a well-kn[n anci5t
 writ]1 ,/4  ,ir5aeus1 ,bi%op ( ,lyons 9
 ,gaul1 born ,a4,d4 #abj1 m>tyr$ ,a4,d4 
#bjb4 ,he 0 a native ( ,asia ,m9or1 a   
disciple ( ,/4 ,polyc>p1  ,bi%op (      
,smyrna1 :o 0 himself a disciple ( ,/4  
,john !  ,evangeli/4 ,he 0 a contempor>y
 ( ,pope ,eleu!rius1 &  visit$ ,rome    
dur+ 8 pontificate1 z we le>n f !       
hi/orian ,eusebius4 ,ir5aeus is1 !re=e1 
a witness ( peculi>  value1 s9ce he 0 9 
a position to te/ify z to ! belief (    
all ,*ri/ians 9 8 day1 z well ( ! ,ea/]n
 ,*ur*1 9  :i* he 0 tra9$1 z ( ! ,we/]n 

,*ur*1 ( :i* he  became a bi%op4 ,!     
presumption is1 also1 t he taught to    
o!rs :at _h fir/ be5 taught to him by 8 
ma/]1 ,/4  ,polyc>p1 & t ,/4 ,polyc>p   
taught :at he _h le>n$ f  ! inspir$     
apo/le4 ,9 ! "w ( ,ir5aeus1 ,adv]sus    
,hi]eses1 7,book ,,iii41 *ap1 ii41 n4 #a
 & #b17 :i* may be  consult$ 9 any good 
libr>y1 we f9d x writt54 ,i w read  f "s
 %ort manuscript notes :i* ,i h "h 9 my 
pocket-book1 & :i* ,i made at ! "t ,i 0 
look+ into  ^! matt]s be=e ,i became a  
,ca?olic4    ',z x w\ld be a long task  
to enum]ate ! successions ( all  !      
*ur*es1 ,i w po9t out t tradition :i* is
 ( !  greate/1 mo/ anci5t1 & univ]sally 
kn[n *ur*1 f\nd$ &  con/itut$ at ,rome  
by ! mo/ glori\s apo/les1 ,pet] &       
,paul1 & :i* d]ives f ! two apo/les t   
fai?  ann\nc$ to all m51 :i*1 ?r\gh !   
succession ( h]  bi%ops1 has come d[n to
 u4'    ,"h1 let me obs]ve1 by ! way1 9 
pass+1 we h !  te/imony ( a great writ]1
 :o liv$ )9 fifty ye>s ( ,/4  ,john !   
,evangeli/1 & 0 in/ruct$ by 8 imm$iate  

disciple1 t ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 f\nd$ by  
,/4 ,pet] &  ,/4 ,paul4 ,:at !n becomes 
( ! /atem5t1 s (t5  repeat$--%all ,i    
call x ignorant1 or impud5t8--t ! ,bi%op
  ( ,rome c h no claim to au?ority z    
successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1  because !re is  
no evid5ce t ,/4 ,pet] 0 ev] at ,rome 9 
8 life8    ,well1 c]ta9ly1 he int]pos$1 
t /atem5t w n hold  wat]1 = ,ir5aeus is 
an unexceptionable witness4 ,b ,i       
int]rupt y\r n>rative4 ,pray1 g on4     
,well1 !n1 to cont9ue :at ,i 0 say+1    
be=e ,i made ?is  digression1 ,/4       
,ir5aeus goes on 9 ! same passage1 ',)  
?is  *ur*1 7namely1 ! ,*ur* ( ,rome17 on
 acc\nt ( its m  p[]ful head%ip1 7or    
primacy17 x is necess>y t e  *ur*1 t is1
 ! fai?ful on e side1 %\ld be 9         
accordance1 9 :i* *ur* has always be5   
pres]v$ !  tradition :i* is f ! apo/les4
 ,! bless$ apo/les1 !n1  hav+ f\nd$ &   
built up ?is *ur*1 committ$ ! (fice (  !
 episcopacy to ,l9us1 ( :om ,paul makes 
m5tion 9 8  ,epi/le to ,timo?y4 ,& to   
him succe$$ ,anacletus1 & aft] him      

,clem5t1 :o _h also se5 ! bless$        
apo/les1 & conf]r$  ) !m1 & _h be=e 8   
eyes _! famili> prea*+ &  ! tradition ( 
! apo/les2 & n he alone1 b !re 7  _m at 
t "t1 /ill alive1 :o _h be5 in/ruct$ by 
!  apo/les4  #fce  ,to ,clem5t succe$$  
,ev>i/us1 ,alex&] ,sixtus1 ,telesphorus1
  ,hyg9us1 ,pius ,anicetus1 ,sat]1 & to 
him ,eleu!rius1 :o n[ 9  ! twelf? place 
f ! apo/les1 holds ! (fice ( !          
episcopate4 ,by ?is ord]1 & by 8        
succession1 t tradition  :i* is f !     
apo/les1 & ! prea*+ ( ! tru?1 h  come   
d[n to u4'    ,"h !n we h ! te/imony (  
"o :o wrote only fifty  ye>s aft] ! dea?
 ( ! la/ apo/le1 t ! exi/+ pope  0 !    
successor ( ,pet] 9 ! see ( ,rome1 & !re
 c\ld  h be5 z little d\bt ab\t ! pa/ z 
!re is n[ z to  ! succession ( !        
presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or !        
sov]eigns ( ,engl& dur+ ! la/ c5tury4   
,& ! te/imony ( ,/4 ,ir5aeus z to !     
au?ority ( !  bi%ops ( ,rome ov] ! :ole 
*ur*1 s9ce we le>n f  ,eusebius1 t      
,ir5aeus _h (f]$ a firm b respectful    

opposition to two successive pontiffs1  
,eleu!rius & ,victor1 on  ! "q ( ! "t ( 
keep+ ,ea/]1 a po9t on :i* "s  ( !      
,ea/]n *ur*es z also lat] ! *ur*es (    
,irel& &  ,brita91 foll[$ a diff]5t     
cu/om f ! *ur* ( ,rome4 ,/4  ,ir5aeus   
visit$ ,rome on ! matt]1 & dissuad$ !   
pope f  mak+ ?is "q at t "t a t]m (     
communion4 ,he  succe$$ 9 8 endeavors1 &
 s diff]5t *ur*es 7 left  to foll[ _!   
own cu/om1 until ! matt] 0 f9ally       
decid$1  & ! ,roman practice made       
obligatory on all1 at ! g5]al  ,c\ncil (
 ,nicaea1 ,a4,d4 #cbe4    ,su* !n is !  
te/imony ( ,/4 ,ir5aeus conc]n+ !  g5]al
 belief ( all ,*ri/ians ( 8 day z to !  
rights &  au?ority ( ! bi%ops ( ,rome1  
or holy & apo/olic see1 z  x 0 g5]ally  
t]m$ 9 v e>ly times4 ,he taught t x  0 !
 duty ( all *ur*es & ( ea* "o ( !       
fai?ful1  t is to say1 ( all :o believe 
9 ,*ri/1 to adh]e to !  fai? & !        
communion ( ! holy see1 :i* by ,*ri/'s  
in/itution _h be5 con/itut$ 9 ! p]son ( 
,pet] & 8  successors ! necess>y c5tre (

 unity ( all o!r  *ur*es--:i* held on   
?is acc\nt ! supremacy ( m  p[]ful      
head%ip or primacy ( au?ority 9 !       
univ]sal  *ur*1 "u ,*ri/ our ,"l4    ,x 
is manife/ !re=e1 t ?is doctr9e conc]n+ 
!  au?ority ( ! pope mu/ h be5 taught1  
toge!r ) all  o!r doctr9es ( ! univ]sal 
*ur*1 by ! mission>ies s5t  into ,brita9
 by ,pope ,eleu!rius4 ,/4 ,ir5aeus tells
 u 9  ano!r place t ! fai? ( ! :ole *ur*
 0 "o & !  same4 ,he says1 = in/ance1 9 
! foll[+ passage1 ',!  *ur* spread ov] !
 :ole _w to ! e>?'s b\nd>ies1  hav+     
receiv$ ! fai?1 444 s$ul\sly gu>ds x1 z 
?\gh  dwell+ 9 "o h\se1' 'z hav+ "o     
s\l1' & '"o he>t1'  & 'tea*+ uni=mly z  
hav+ "o m\?1 444 nor d !  *ur*es ( ,spa9
 or ,gaul1 or ! ,ea/1 or ,egypt1 or     
,africa1  believe or deliv] a diff]5t   
fai?4' 7,adv4 ,hi]es4 b4 i4  c4 x47     
,b we are n left to conjecture z to !   
relation ( ,brita9  to ! re/ (          
,*ri/5dom1 & to ! see ( ,rome 9         
primitive  times4 ,! next notice we h ( 
! ,briti% ,*ur* is1 t  ,briti% bi%ops 7 

sitt+ ) ! o!r ,ca?olic bi%ops at  !     
,c\ncil ( ,aries 9 ,gaul 9 #cad1 :5 !   
,roman practice z  to ! "t 0 confirm$ & 
accept$1 & at ! ,c\ncil (  ,s>dica 9    
,illyricum 9 #cdg1 :]e ! "r ( appeal f  
all  bi%ops to ! apo/olic see 0 confirm$
 by a special decree4  #fcf  ,?is       
c\ncil1 at ! conclusion ( its           
delib]ations1 writes to  ,pope ,julius 9
 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ',t ?\gh abs5t 9 body1  
he _h be5 pres5t ) !m 9 _s1' & t x 0 be/
  & mo/ fitt+ t ! bi%ops ( ea* p>ticul> 
prov9ce  %\ld h rec\rse to him :o is _! 
head1 t is1 to !  see ( ! ,apo/le ,pet]4
 7,see ,labbe's ,c\ncils1 ii4 #fij47    
,t ! primacy ( ! ,roman see involv$ a   
real "r (  jurisdiction ov] o!r *ur*es  
is manife/ f ! next fact  ( hi/ory be>+ 
on ! ,briti% ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,prosp] (       
,aquita91 a contempor>y ( ! ev5ts he    
describes1 writ+ 9  #dcj1 tells u h[ a  
,briti% prie/1 by "n ,morgan or         
,pelagius1  _h inv5t$ a h]esy1 7:i* /ill
 be>s 8 "n17 9 :i* he  d5i$ ! necessity 
( ,div9e ,grace4 ,t ?is h]esy spread    

greatly 9 ,brita91 :]eupon ,pope        
,cele/9e1 ! same pope :o  s5t ,palladius
 & ,patrick to ,irel&1 dispat*$ ,/4     
,g]manus1  ,bi%op ( ,aux]re 9 ,gaul1 z  
'8 vic> ) ,brita91 & t  he might drive  
away h]esy1 & re/ore ,brita9 to !       
,ca?olic  fai?4' ,he tells u t he 0     
receiv$ by ! ,briti% bi%ops  & presid$  
at sev]al national synods4 ,/4 ,prosp]  
also /ates  z an exi/+ fact !n1 j z any 
,ca?olic might make !  same /atem5t at !
 pres5t day1 t ',rome z ! ,see ( ,pet]  
is head ( ! episcopal ord] 9 ! :ole _w1 
& holds 9  subjection ?r\gh ! influ5ce (
 religion1 m nations ?an  ev] _h be5    
subdu$ by h] arms4' 7,/4 ,prosp] de     
,+ratitud9e et ,vocatione ,g5tium47     
,) ! mission ( ,/4 ,g]manus ! e>ly      
hi/ory ( !  ,briti% ,*ur* closes4 ,a d>k
 & calamit\s p]iod ( a hundr$  ye>s     
succe$s1 9 :i* ,brita9 is he>d ( no m   
until !  "t ( ,gildas1 ! ,briti%        
hi/orian1 :o wrote ab\t ! ye>  ( our ,"l
 #eej1 t is to say1 ab\t fifty ye>s be=e
 !  com+ ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4    ,brita91    

dur+ ?is p]iod f9ally ab&on$ by ! ,roman
  armies1 is left a prey to cont9ual    
invasion1 fir/ by ! ,picts  & ,scots1 & 
!n by ! ,saxons1 :o _h settl$ d[n l a   
sw>m ( locu/s ^u ! c\ntry1 & driv+ !    
,britons be=e  !m into ! natural        
fa/nesses ( ,wales & ,cornwall1 _h      
completely occupi$ ! c\ntry & made x _! 
own4 ,at l5g?  ! v "n ( ,brita9 is lo/2 
x _h n[ become ,engl&1 &  a hea!n l&    
once m4    ,! native hi/orian ,gildas   
describes ! condition ( 8  mis]able     
c\ntrym51 isolat$ f ! re/ ( ,*ri/5dom1  
ov]:elm$ by =eign invasion & by civil   
w>s4 ,z to  religion1 he tells u t x 0  
at ! l[e/ ebb1 & t no  h]esy _h aris5 9 
! *ur* :i* _h n effect$ a lodgm5t  9    
,brita93 z to morals1 he in=ms u t      
pr9ces1 nobles1 &  p 7 infect$ ) ! mo/  
%ameful vices1 & t ev5  a l>ge portion (
 ! cl]gy 7 sunk 9 pr(ligacy4 ,!re 7     
/ill _m bright exceptions among/ all    
classes1 especially 9  ! mona/]ies1 :i* 
7 num]\s & fill$ ) a multitude  ( holy  
s\ls1 :o _h fl$ f ! almo/ univ]sal      

corruption  ( morals 9 t mis]able age4  
,gildas1 moreov]1 upbraids ! cl]gy = _! 
want ( *>ity1  & because ?r\gh hatr$ (  
_! ,saxon conqu]ors !y c\ld  n be induc$
 to attempt _! conv]sion to ! fai? (    
,*ri/4    ,& be x rememb]$ t ,gildas    
wrote all ?is z an  eye-witness ( ! /ate
 ( ! ,briti% ,*ur* 9 8 day1 &  t he     
wrote only fifty ye>s be=e ! arrival (  
,/4  ,augu/9e to prea* ! fai? to !      
,anglo-,saxons4  #fcg  ,c we wond] !n t 
:5 he invit$ ! remnant ( !  ,briti%     
cl]gy to jo9 him 9 8 holy mission he met
 ) a  contumaci\s refusal1 at lea/ f "s 
( !m8    ,i quote f a ,prote/ant        
hi/orian1 7,h>t's ,ecclesia/ical        
,record47 ,he quotes z foll[s f ,b$e's  
,ecclesia/ical  ,hi/ory4 ',9 _m ?+s1'   
says ,/4 ,augu/9e1 'ye act contr>y  to  
our cu/om1 & ^? ( ! univ]sal *ur*2 yet  
if 9 ^!  ?ree respects y w obey me1 to  
celebrate ,ea/] at !  prop] "t1 to p]=m 
! rites ( baptism accord+ to !  cu/om ( 
! ,roman ,apo/olic ,*ur*1 & to jo9 me 9 
prea*+  ! ,gospel to ! ,engli% nation ! 

^w ( ! ,"l1 all o!r  *anges :i* y d1    
al?\gh contr>y to our cu/oms1 we w  be> 
) equanimity4' ,^! t]ms !y refus$ to    
comply )1  & ! above-nam$ ,prote/ant    
writ] ?us comm5ts on _!  refusal4 ',:ile
 we triumphantly cite ^! te/imonies to  
our  orig9al indep5d5ce1 let u n seek to
 palliate !  contumaci\s _s display$ by 
! ,briti% cl]gy 9 _!  conf]5ce )        
,augu/9e4 ,z ,*ri/ians !y ought *e]fully
 to  h assi/$ 9 evangeliz+ ! pagan      
,saxons4 ,! t]ms :i*  he propos$ 7 mild 
& reasonable1 & ! fai? :i* he  pr(ess$ 0
 z pure & or?odox z _! own4'    ,x is q 
cle> t ! fai? ( ! ,briti% ,*ur* 0       
ess5tially ! same z t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1   
o!rwise he w\ld  c]ta9ly h tak5         
exception to su* diff]5ces 9 ess5tials1 
& n solely ( accid5tal po9ts (          
discipl9e1 & moreov]  x is inconceivable
 t he %\ld h invit$ !m to prea* to  !   
,saxons a fai? diff]5t f 8 own4 ,t !    
fai? taught  to our =efa!rs by ,/4      
,augu/9e 0 ! same z t ( !  ,ca?olic     
,*ur* ( ! pres5t day1 does n require    

pro( to any  "o :o has made ! mo/       
sup]ficial /udy ( ! annals ( !          
,anglo-,saxon ,*ur*4 ,! supremacy (     
,rome1 ! doctr9es ( !  real ,pres5ce1 ! 
sacrifice ( ! ,mass1 purgatory1 devotion
 to  ! bless$ ,virg9 & ! ,sa9ts1 are    
writt5 on e page (  h] hi/ory1 z n>rat$ 
by ,b$e & ! anci5t *ronicl]s1 &  came to
 be incorporat$ into ! v language &     
cu/oms ( !  p4    ,z = ! gr\nds ( !     
opposition ( ! ,briti% bi%ops to  ,/4   
,augu/9e1 ?is c be fully acc\nt$ =4 ,!  
decay (  fai? & morals among/ cl]gy & p1
 isolation f !  re/ ( ,*ri/5dom1 natural
 pride & hatr$ ( ! ,saxons1 all  :i*    
,gildas tells u exi/$ 9 ! ,briti% ,*ur* 
9 8 day1  are q en\gh to acc\nt = _!    
opposition to ,/4  ,augu/9e1 & ?is      
opposition _c 9 ! tru? ( hi/ory be      
attribut$ to any primitive indep5d5ce ( 
,rome 9 ! ,briti%  ,*ur*4 ,9 ! :ole e>ly
 hi/ory ( ,briti% ,*ri/ianity !re  is n 
"o fact :i* proves any diff]5ce 9 fai?  
:atev]1 or  any v>iation 9 discipl9e    
inconsi/5t ) t ob$i5ce to  ! ,bi%op (   

,rome z successor ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :i*      
,ir5aeus  tells u 0 9 8 "t consid]$     
ess5tial = all *ur*es1  & :i* is at !   
pres5t day z !n1 an ess5tial feature (  
,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity4    ,9 ! abs5ce1   
!n1 ( all pro( to ! contr>y1 & 9 !      
pres5ce ( ! positive evid5ce :i* ,i h   
giv5 t !  ,briti% ,*ur* /ood 9 ! same   
relation to ,rome dur+ !  e>li] & pur]  
ages ( h] hi/ory1 z all ! o!r *ur*es  ( 
,*ri/5dom1 x is surely dis+5u\s n to    
admit ! fact4  ,x seems to me t ?\ghtful
 & c&id p]sons c h>dly fail  to admit t 
z a controv]sial argum5t aga9/ !        
,ca?olic  ,*ur* ! less said ab\t !      
,briti% ,*ur* ! bett]4    #fch    ,well1
 ^u my ^w1 my boy1 ,i mu/ say t my fir/ 
impression--b m9d1 ,i res]ve my judgm5t 
till aft] ,i h  _h "t to reflect on !   
matt]1 read up y\r quotations 9 !       
orig9al1 & comp>e !m ) ! context--,i say
 my fir/  impression is1 t y h a good   
case1 & t y h  h&l$ x v fairly4 ,a good 
deal is involv$ 9 y\r be+  "r or wrong 9
 ?is matt]2 s mu* t1 if y please1 ,i    

w\ld r n pursue ! "q any fur!r at       
pres5t2 b  ,i %all n let x sleep4 ,& n[ 
,i see y\r c\s9s com+ ?is  way ) _!     
bro!r ,john4 ,i mu/ g & meet ! old      
fell[1  & %all treat him z if no?+ _h   
happ5$4 ,i am v glad ,i  happ5$ to meet 
y ye/]day2 ! tru?s y h sugge/$ to  my   
m9d are s]i\s ones4    ,t is s1 ,i      
repli$1 & may !y rip5 9 y\r m9d &  prove
 refre%+ to y\r s\l z !y h to m9e6      
,good-by6    --------                   
,sub ,umbra4        ,! hills t l bill[s 
swell cle> 9 ! dawn1    ,seem heav+ )   
consci\s exi/5ce ?is morn2    ,= all !  
broad woods on _! bosom s]5e        ,are
 wav+ _! ocean ( gre56                  
,,ii4      ,h[ fair6 ,save yon cl\d     
sail+ up f ! we/1    ,^: %ad[ falls d>k 
on t bright1 leafy brea/    ,b s(tly    
'tis rock$3 :ile b5ea? x is he>d1       
,9 wood haunts1 ! note ( ! bird4        
99 99 99                      ,,iii4    
,o he>t6 9 yon %ad[ & s(t-heav+ sea1    
,?y ,god ha? unfold$ a lesson = !e2     
,= (t :ile repos+ 'nea? sunnie/ skies1  

,a cl\d o'er ?y re/ may arise4          
,,iv4      ,b :5 f t cl\d ! d>k %ad[    
%all fall1    ,heave g5tly1 heave g5tly 
?\gh "u ! pall6    ,& 'nea? ! d>k %ad[  
let1 sweet z ! bird1        ,?y l[1     
quiet music be he>d6                    
,ri*>d ,/orrs ,willis4    --------      
#fci               ,translat$ ,f ,!     
,g]man4                                 
,=get-,me-,n4         ,or1 ,! ,picture  
,t ,0 ,nev] ,se54        ,! "l *amb]la91
 :o _h j return$ f ,italy1 _h  become ! 
subject ( ! greate/ att5tion ) !        
brilliant  b n ext5sive circle :i* !    
que5 0 accu/om$ to  assemble ar\nd h]1 9
 ! k+'s seclud$ summ] resid5ce4    ,!   
n>ratives ( ! c\nt's travels s]v$ to    
%ort5 an  unpleasant1 /ormy ev5+1 :i*   
visit$ ! %ady p>k  surr\nd+ ! ca/le )   
gu/s ( ra9 & hail1 int]sp]s$  ) /reaks (
 lightn+ & heavy ree*o+ claps ( ?und]4  
,! imag9ation ( ! que5 revell$ 9 !      
recollections :i*  ! /ories ( ! c\nt    
awak5$2 b ! k+1 m int]e/$  9 bus9ess (  
/ate1 int]rupt$ ! speak] sudd5ly1 ) !   

"q z to :e!r any?+ new _h transpir$ 9 ! 
capital  city1 :i* he _h pass$ ?r\gh on 
8 return4 ,! "l  *amb]la9 prais$ ! quiet
 & elegance ( ! city1 n  neglect+ to    
extol ! wisdom ( ! sov]eign to :om all  
?is  prosp]ity mu/ be attribut$1 & clos$
 ) ! assurance  t1 except+ ! exhibition 
( indu/ry & art1 !  inhabitants ( ! city
 7 occupy+ !mselves1 at pres5t1  ) no?+ 
b _! own homes & amusem5ts4 ,! ,pr9cess 
,eliza inquir$ int]e/$ly conc]n+ !      
success ( t  in/itution :i* ow$ its     
exi/5ce to h] sugge/ion1 & !  c\nt1     
pass+ sl[ly f "o ?+ to ano!r1 ran easily
 into  ! enum]ation ( ! articles        
exhibit$ 9 ! ta/eful  gall]y4 ,he left  
till ! la/ :at he consid]$ ! cr[n+      
glory ( ! collection--! pa9t+s by native
 arti/s--&  describ$ ) ! v]satility ( a 
cic]one all ! pictures (  ,madonnas1    
pictures f e-day life1 hi/orical        
pictures &  portraits1 :i* 7 wor?y (    
att5tion4 ,hav+ come to !  end1 he      
int]rupt$ himself sudd5ly1 z if rebuk+  
himself1 &  said--    ,i _h almo/ =gott5

 to m5tion a picture1 :i*1 al?\gh       
anonym\s1 & v unfavorably plac$1 des]ves
 to be nam$ z  ! gem ( ! gall]y1 bo? 9  
idea & execution4 ,i h se5  no?+ m      
wond]ful 9 my life1 & ev5 n[1 :5 ,i     
speak (  x1 all ! details ( ! /rik+     
picture appe> cle> &  decid$ be=e ! m9d1
 s t ,i c give !m )\t omitt+  any?+     
ess5tial4    ,?is prelim9>y 0 calculat$ 
to raise ! greate/ curiosity1  & ! que51
 ) ! company1 =m$ a n>r[ circle ar\nd  !
 n>rator4    ,imag9e1 y\r maje/ies1 a   
m$ium-siz$ tablet divid$ into two  p>ts1
 ( :i* ea* repres5ts a s+le picture1    
began ! "l  *amb]la92 ! conditions (    
space divide ?is picture 9  =m3 ! "* is 
"o & ! same4 ,9 ! fir/1 !  pr9cipal     
figure is a maid5 9 ! full bloom+       
fre%ness (  y\?4 ,! fl[+ drap]y flutt]s 
lightly 9 ! w9d4 ,"o foot  already re/s 
^u ! edge ( ! b>ge :i* wav]s 9  susp5d$ 
dance1 & :i* ! /ream1 curl+ up into     
foam+  waves1 seems ab\t to drive f !   
%ore1 )\t rudd] or  an*or4  #fdj  ,!    
eyes ( ! maid5 look long+ly into !      

di/ance3 9 h]  features lies romantic   
en?usiasm4 ,on ! %ore :i* ! m>9]        
leaves1 /& sympa?iz+ fri5ds4 ,an old    
man1 ) silv] hair1  waves a f>ewell3 a  
gr\p ( maid5s1 bloom+ z %e1 &  famili>ly
 cl++ to ea* o!r1 wave h&k]*iefs &      
ribbons  aft] ! dep>t+3 a y\?1 h&some & 
e>ne/1 folds 8  h&s toge!r1 & out ( !   
cl\ds1 a fri5dly1 lov+1  sorr[ful       
c\nt5ance looks d[n ^u h]4 ,luxuriant   
roses signal  f ! beautiful %ore1 & =m a
 r>e contra/ to !  lurk+1 gre5-hair$    
wat]-fairies :o swim "u ! mirror (  !   
wat] 9 sc>cely def9$ outl9es1 & seem to 
pull !  frail boat =w>d4 ,! maid51 x is 
pla91 goes h5ce on a  dang]\s j\rney2 b 
a t5d]1 %imm]+ cl\d-figure1  d\btless ! 
ev] "y ,hegemone1 hov]s ne> h]1 & by    
solicit\s glance & implor+ ge/ure1 seems
 to express  admonition & pray]4 ,:e!r !
 m>9] %all be sav$ by !  grace ( ?is    
gu>dian angel1 or fall by ! wiles ( !   
wait+  fairies1 is ! "q ) :i* ! gaz]    
unwill+ly leaves  ! *>m+ picture to turn
 to its companion piece4    ,9 ! picture

 :i* we n[ consid]1 ! pr9cipal figure is
 a  "y man ) walk+-/aff & travell+-bag1 
:o passes  rapidly away f ! n>r[ doorway
 ( a h\se1 & /eps out  boldly on ! broad
 highway4 ,he brea!s freely1 & an e>ne/ 
satisfaction speaks f 8 eyes4 ,joyfully 
/>t+ out to meet  life1 he takes notice 
nei!r ( ! noble matron :o w\ld hold  him
 back1 nor ( ! affectionate maid5 :o    
long+ly ext5ds  h] h&s to him1 nor ( !  
fai?ful dog t1 al?\gh fa/5$  by ! *a91  
nev]!less raises himself entreat+ly4 ,f 
!  w9d[s ( an inn may be se5 a wait]1   
/&+ at a c\nt+  table & sw++ 8 hat3 a   
,jew /&s 9 ! way & holds out  a pap]1   
:i* ! w&]] refuses3 at ! well 9 !       
=egr\nd a ?\ghtless maid nods saucily & 
piquantly to !  y\?2 & s f> ! picture   
repres5ts a gay sc5e1 a little  sadd5$  
by ! quiet grief 9 ! backgr\nd2 b1 be=e 
!  w&]]1 :o looks c>elessly ar\nd1 gapes
 an abyss1 9 :i*  is susp5d$ a frightful
 dead body1 ) a sev]e b hone/           
c\nt5ance4 ,its eyes are %ut1 b x raises
 ! "r h&  w>n+ly t[>d ! approa*+ y\?1   

:ile ! left re/s on  ! brea/ 9 quiet    
consci\sness4    ,& s1 cont9u$ !        
n>rator1 ! picture is f9i%$4    ,a %ort 
sil5ce reign$ 9 ! company4 ,! k+ re/$   
gloomily  9 8 *air2 :ile ! que51 on :om 
! affectionate daught]s  7 lean+1 at    
l5g? repli$3    ,! picture is f9i%$1 &  
we h an obscure allegory1 to  f9d ! key 
to :i* w n be difficult4 ,man & woman   
go+  f ! n>r[ home-circle to ent] ^u    
life1 leav+ beh9d  !m ! %elt]+ pat]nal  
ro(1 & ! innoc5t joys (  *ildhood2 !    
y\?ful desire to toss ^u tempe/u\s      
wat]s1  or to j\rney on ! p>*$ highway2 
^! are--or my feel+  mu/ be v mu* at    
fault--! subjects :i* ! poetical  pa9t] 
wi%es to repres5t4    ,y\r maje/y's     
p5etration is equal to ! solution ( !   
mo/  obscure enigma1 repli$ ! c\nt2 b 9 
! attractive d\ble  picture lies /ill m1
 if "o leave n out ( notice t x  is     
surr\nd$ by a wrea? ( =get-me-nots2 t ! 
m>9]  we>s ^! fl[]s 9 h] hair1 & ! w&]] 
on 8 bosom4  #fda  ,! arti/ ?\ght to    
give ! signification ( ! h>mless  little

 fl[]1 & h[ well he has succe$$ 9 pa9t+ 
its  *>act]i/ics4 ,! dep>t+ is = ^?     
rema9+ beh9d a  =get-me-n2 b ev5 ^! :o  
rema9 on ! spot :i* !  lov$ "o leaves1  
desire to impress _! remembrance on !   
bird  ( passage j z firmly4 ',=get me   
n6' call aft] h] !  silv]-hair$ fa!r1 ! 
y\?ful fri5d1 & ! play  companions ( !  
maid54 ',=get me n6' :isp]s ! glorifi$  
"m out ( ! cl\ds1 & ! protect+ _s hov]+ 
ov]  ! wat]s4 ,well = ! m>9] if %e fail 
n to he> !  w>n+ voice4 ,well = ! y\?1  
if ! =get-me-n ( !  "m1 ! bride1 & !    
cr$itor1 cl+ long to 8 he>t3 he  w      
return true & noble1 scorn+ !           
temptations on ! way  ( life1 & rememb]+
 ! pat]nal honor1 :i*1 ?r\gh !  dumb m\?
 ( ! dead body1 calls to him ',=get me  
n6'    ,! que5 rose ha/ily1 nodd$1 z x  
seem$1 ov]come by te>s1  to ! n>rator1  
lean$ ^u ! arm ( h] daught]1 &  app>5tly
 /ruggl+ to hide h] emotion1 left !     
room4 ,!  k+ ?rew a disapprov+ glance   
aft] h]1 :i* f9ally met  t ( ! c\nt1 :o 
/ood transfix$ 9 ! middle ( !  hall1 )\t

 kn[+ h[ or :y s peculi> a circum/ance  
_h  transpir$4    ,! c\rti]s _h fall5   
back & 7 :isp]+ among  !mselves4    ,w  
y\r maje/y condesc5d to po9t out to me  
:e!r any  indiscretion ( m9e has caus$ !
 pres5t ev5t1 or :e!r x  may be         
attribut$ to an un=tunate co9cid5ce1    
said ! c\nt  timidly4 ,in/ead ( answ]+1 
! rul] gave ^? /&+  ar\nd ! signal (    
dep>ture1 & comm&$ ! c\nt to  rema94    
,be+ call$ ne>]1 & p]mitt$ to sit       
opposite !  k+1 he wait$ impati5tly = ! 
disc\rse :i* 8 comm&]  %\ld direct to   
him4    ,y\r ignorance is excus$1       
comm5c$ ! latt]1 9 8 usual  %ort mann] (
 speak+1 b ! que5 is unpleasantly       
affect$  by ! "n ,=get-me-n4 ,x is an   
old w\nd t has to-day  be5 op5$ afre%1 &
 h5ce ! /range sc5e4 ,x is1 p]haps1     
n9ete5 ye>s s9ce ,i und]took ! rule (   
?is /ate4 ,! c>e  ( x call$ me into !   
field aga9/ ! enemy =m$ by !  exil$     
royal family4 ,i 0 b j m>ri$4 ,9 ord] to
 acqua9t  my ag$ fa!r-9-law ) ! =tunate 
result ( a battle1 ,i  s5t to ! capital 

a "y ordnance (fic]4 ,he return$ to !   
camp at ! "t designat$1 b at ! same "t  
came secret  dispat*es f my zeal\s      
ag5ts1 :o not$ ! disposition (  ! p1 &  
kept gu>d on ! actions ( ! cr[n-pr9cess1
  my wife4 ,! ordnance (fic]1 :o _h long
 lov$ my wife 9  secret1 _h1 9 special  
audi5ce1 receiv$ f h] h&s1 a  b\quet (  
=get-me-nots4 ,my jeal\sy knew no b\nds4
 ,9 !  next t\rnam5t1 ! (fic] f\nd 8    
dea?1 &--z x is  said--on 8 brea/ lay ! 
fatal fl[]s4 ,aft] ,i _h return$  z     
victor1 x became cle> t my wife _h      
int5d$ ?is pres5t  = me1 & t %e 0       
unacqua9t$ ) ! feel+s ( !  unsafe       
mess5g] :o _h reta9$ = himself !        
love-gift ( a  que54 ,b n[ x 0 too late4
 ,"m & si/] m\rn$ on 8  grave1 & ! t5d] 
he>t ( my wife 0 s %ock$ by su* a       
cata/rophe t ev5 to-day1 aft] s _m ye>s1
 h] grief has  aga9 be5 manife/$4 ,! k+ 
0 sil5t1 & lean$ 8 head  on 8 h&4 ,!    
c\nt1 ov]come by ! unusual confid5ce ( 8
  sov]eign1 & feel+ himself inadequate  
to console1 did n  v5ture to reply4     

#fdb  ,! k+1 in/ead ( dismiss+ him1     
rema9$ 9 tr\bl$  ?\ght1 :ile a bitt]    
smile play$ ar\nd 8 m\?4 ,f9ally1  he   
cont9u$1 my position at t "t 0          
difficult4 ,my zeal\s  temp]am5t 0 b5t  
on vanqui%+ ! ob/acles 9 ! way (  my    
successful c>e]4 ,my motto 01 ',onw>d6' 
,! p 7  dissatisfi$ t a man n ( royal   
desc5t %\ld h !  audacity to claim !    
cr[n4 ,i _h1 by =ce ( arms1 held !  old 
k+ on 8 ?rone1 bani%$ ! pret5d]s1 &     
rescu$ !  p1 ! prop]ty1 & ! *ur*4 ,i _h 
%[n t no "o  und]/ood bett] h[ to       
readju/ ! disorganiz$ affairs (  /ate2 b
 :5 ! eyes ( ! old man clos$1 & ,i seiz$
 !  sceptre1 accord+ to agreem5t1 !n    
arose a cry (  con/]nation4 ,! fools _h 
believ$ t ,i w\ld give ! h\se  :i* ,i _h
 built up to ! ali5at$ ,m]ov+ians1 &    
myself be  satisfi$ ) ! position (      
major-domo4 ,a conspiracy 0  =m$4 ,y    
rememb] t ! fl[] =get-me-n pass$ = !    
symbol ( rebellion4 ,! faction ( !      
refugees h n yet  =gott5 ! day on :i* ,i
 gave ! comm& :i* ! times  dem&$4 ,!    

fir/ "n :i* met me ^u ! li/ ( ^?  seiz$ 
0 ,albo4 ,! family ( t (fic] bore ?is   
"n4 ,i  knew t ! b>oness _h hat$ me     
irreconcilably s9ce !  dea? ( h] son2 t 
h] daught] hat$ me n less1 & t a        
det]m9$ ally ( ! exiles 0 ab\t to (f] 8 
h& to !  latt]4 ,n[ bur/ ! bomb%ell4 ,9 
! h\se ( ,albo 7 said  to h be5 held    
meet+s4 ,! b>oness 0 said to h sworn  to
 give h] daught] to ! "o among h]       
c\ntless suitors :o  w\ld take ! mo/    
prom95t "p 9 my ov]?r[4 ,my /]nness     
pass$ ! s5t5ce ( dea? ^u ! wom52 b !    
entreaties  ( my wife to :om x _h be5   
repres5t$ t ! accusations  :i* _h be5   
heap$ ^u ! "m & daught] 7 only !  "w (  
envy & private hatr$--dis>m$ my s5t5ce4 
,i bani%$  ! wom51 & confiscat$ _!      
prop]ty4 ,! bridegroom di$ 9  prison2 & 
s ! fate ( t family 0 m\rnfully         
fulfill$4  ,! k+ !n cont9u$ 9 a         
monoton\s tone3 ,i w n d5y  t lat] ,i h 
?\ght ( ^! poor wom5 :o mu/ w&] 9       
exile1 ) a c]ta9 unwill+ pity1 & t /ill 
lat] ,i made  inquiries conc]n+ !m4 ,no 

trace ( !m c\ld be f\nd4 ,b ,i  see t ,i
 h all[$ myself to say m ?an is cu/om>y 
=  me4 ,we w pass to some?+ else4 ,:o is
 ! pa9t] :o  execut$ ! picture ( :i* y h
 spok58    ,sire1 repli$ ! c\nt1 ,i d n 
"k4 ,he _c1 h[ev]1 be  unkn[n to !      
inspector ( ! gall]y4 ,i "k only t he is
  n "o ( y\r maje/y's subjects1 & t he  
begg$ p]mission  to exhibit ! d\ble     
picture = a few days4 ,= ! pres5t he    
rema9s 9 ! capital4    ,yes1 yes1 repli$
 ! k+2 no "o b ,cremati c h  creat$ ?is 
picture2 8 p[] alone manife/s itself 9  
su*  allegorical compositions2 & !      
allusion to !  =get-me-n--yes1 yes1     
wat*ful man we w make peace1 & ?y  pride
 ( art %all melt 9 ! sun%9e ( my favor4 
,i wi% to  see ! pa9t]1 c\nt4 ,y w take 
pa9s to br+ him "h4 ,he  w n will+ly    
obey1 b an autographic comm& %all place 
all au?ority at y\r disposal4 ,dep>t z  
e>ly z possible1 &  ! day aft] to-morr[ 
,i %all expect to see ! pa9t]4 ,good    
night1 c\nt6    #fdc    ,! c\nt dep>t$1 
& ! k+ retreat$ to 8 cab9et4 ,aft]  a   

few fruitless /ruggles1 he ov]came !    
melan*oly :i*  cl\d$ 8 s\l1 & w5t to !  
table1 on :i* lay 9 great  numb]s !     
reports & dispat*es j br\ght 9 by !     
c\ri]4 ,he s\ght impati5tly among !     
lett]s = "o1 :i*  :5 f\nd1 he broke )   
anxi\sly susp5d$ brea?2 b aft]  ! fir/  
l9e1 ! re/less expectation vani%$ f 8   
features2 *e]fulness spread ov] !m1 & ) 
a light ,good1  good6 he took up ! silv]
 c&le/ick1 impati5t to %>e 8            
satisfaction1 & op5$ ! tape/ry door :i* 
l$ into !  corridor connect+ 8 rooms ) !
 que5's4 ,z he approa*$  ! door1 he he>d
 voices1 & ^u ent]+ f\nd ! que5  sitt+ 9
 an arm-*air1 & lean+1 9 pleasant       
resignation1  ^u ,eliza's %\ld]4 ,at _! 
feet1 on an ottoman1 sat ,sophia1  !    
y\ng] pr9cess1 re/+ h] smil+ face on !  
"m's  lap4 ,! beautiful family picture  
*>m$ ! k+1 & he  comm&$ ! ladies1 :o    
w\ld h ris5 9 8 honor1 to  rema9 9 _!   
positions4 ,! gr\p rema9$1 b ! =m]  _s 0
 gone2 & ! k+ himself1 aft] a few       
mom5ts'  ?\ght1 broke ! re/ra9t4    ,i  

=got1 he said1 z he gave 8 daught]s a   
sign to leave  _! places1 ,i =got t my  
wi% s]ves only to gov]n !  actions ( my 
family1 b _c *>m away a grief4 ,i  _c   
approve ( ! te>s :i* ,i see 9 y\r eyes1 
madame4 ,y  h giv5 to ! c\rt a          
spectacle1 ! cause ( :i* is too         
antiquat$ to r5d] x any long] excusable1
 & too unimportant  to h be5 entru/$ to 
y\r daught]s1 z ,i mu/ imag9e has  be5  
done4    ,y err1 sire6 repli$ ! que51   
dry+ ! la/ traces (  te>s f h] eyes2 !  
t5d]ness1 n ! curiosity ( my  daught]s  
has com=t$ me4    ,! pr9cesses kiss$ !  
que5's h&s c>ess+ly1 & ! k+  repli$3    
,"r2 t ,i mu/ comm5d2 & to prove t x    
pleases me to  give pleasure1 ,i w      
confide to y :at gladd5s my he>t &      
some:at light5s my pat]nal c>es4 ,?is   
lett] f my  ambassador 9 a neighbor+    
k+dom makes ! heav5s look  joyful4 ,!   
diss5sions :i* h = s long a "t ?reat5$  
to sep>ate t c\ntry & m9e1 are          
peacefully settl$1 & ,i  hope to see    
soon at my c\rt an ambassador )         

in/ructions to  sue = ,eliza's h&4 ,s ,i
 h f9ally succe$$ 9 ent]+  fully into ! 
b& ( sov]eigns4 ,! =tunate soldi] is    
=gott51 & h]eaft] k+s w speak to a k+1 &
 make  room 9 _! ranks = him :om =tune  
rais$ to _! level4  ,my "n & !          
remembrance ( my de$s w n pass away )   
my body4 ,if ,i am bless$ ) no son1 my  
gr&*ildr5 w we>  my cr[n1 & enjoy !     
fruits ( my labors4    ,! que5 gave him 
h] h& s(tly1 & spoke3    ,may =tune /ill
 fur!r att5d y1 graci\s sire4 ,y\r wife 
will+ly submits to y\r wisdom1 & y\r    
daught]s w fulfil  ! duties :i* y\r     
position imposes ^u !m4    ,h y n taught
 me e>ly1 belov$ "m1 t r5unciation  &   
(f]+ is our de/9y8 said ,eliza calmly1 b
 sigh+  s(tly4 ,i w obey my royal fa!r  
)\t objection1 )\t  compla9t1 if--      
,if ! pr9ce d n disappo9t ! ideal t a   
maid5's he>t  is accu/om$ to create1    
said ! k+1 ,be )\t fe>1 my  daught]2 !  
pr9ce is r5[n$ z a second ,bay>d1 ^:    
brav]y goes h& 9 h& ) ! mo/ pleasant    
c\rtesy4  #fdd  ,he is n rem>kably      

beautiful1 z ,i und]/&1 b mod]ately  s1 
& possesses all ^? brilliant            
accompli%m5ts :i*  p]ta9 to a royal     
education4 ,at lea/ y w be able to boa/ 
( a bett] suitor ?an y\r "m1 :om ,i1    
hav+ nei!r !  advantage ( beauty nor (  
bir?1 & gr[n up 9 ! r\gh  cu/oms ( !    
camp1 won by ! p[] ( my sword1 to !     
a/oni%m5t ( h] fa!r4 ,! braz5 age rul$ 9
 ! l&  !n1 & my sword mu/ cut out = y\r 
gr&fa!r ! royal  robe t he _h tak5 f 8  
c\s9s1 z ! p dem&$4  ,b ) y\r m>riage1  
daught] ,eliza1 %all beg9 ! gold5  age4 
,i w give ftes1 & ! _w %all wond] be=e  
my spl5dor z x has be=e my r5[n4 ,?is   
old ,franki%  build+ %all put on a      
fe/ival dress1 & gleam ) gay  pictures z
 = a c>nival4 ,cremato comes aga91 & 8  
bru%  %all prove wor?y ( my g5]osity4   
,cremato6 repeat$ ! que5 wond]+ly2      
,cremato1 cri$ !  pr9cesses toge!r1 z !y
 recall$ ! wond]ful1 sprightly          
,italian1 :o _h _m times appe>$ at !    
c\rt l a fly+  %ad[1 & z quickly        
disappe>$2 & :o did n fe> to  express ! 

/ronge/ criticisms on ! draw+s ( ! royal
  *ildr51 b f :om ! little /ud5ts le>n$ 
m 9 a  qu>t] ( an h\r--:5 he sometimes  
condesc5d$ to  in/ruct--?an f _!        
well-paid c\rt tea*] 9 mon?s4 ,!  que5  
?\ght prop] to s5d ! curi\s pr9cesses to
 _!  ap>tm5ts1 a comm& t 0 quietly      
obey$4    ,:at w ,cremato "h8 %e ask$ h]
 husb& :o1 sunk5 9  plans = ! brilliant 
future1 walk$ sil5tly back & =w>d4  ,8  
"n wakes only sorr[ful recollections4   
,is !re a new  conspiracy to d5\nce8    
,%all blood fl[ aga98 ,%all !  innoc5t  
aga9 w&] 9 mis]y8 ,speak1 my husb&6 ,:y 
%all !  t]rible accus]1 :o has ! mis]y (
 ?\s&s on 8 s\l1  return8    ,woman     
condemns z quickly & z ?\ghtlessly z %e 
excuses1  repli$ ! k+ e>ne/ly4 ,cremato1
 hav+ by accid5t become  acqua9t$ ) !   
fir/ ?reads ( ! conspiracy1 fulfill$  ! 
duty ( a brave citiz5 9 disclos+ !m4    
,cremato ow$ ?is  s]vice to ! l& & !    
pr9ce :o !n gave him protection  &      
security4 ,! mo/ indiff]5t /rang] w\ld h
 be5 to  t ext5t "u moral obligations4  

,cremato rescu$ ?y  ?rone ?r\gh 8       
d5unciation4 ,nei!r = ?is favor nor !   
dis9t]e/$ness :i* refus$ e rew>d does he
 des]ve !  un?ankfulness :i* ?y m\? has 
spok5 aga9/ him4 ,x is true  t _m p]sons
 fell1 b ! pressure ( necessity         
absolutely  dem&$ !m4 ,!re=e1 no ^w m   
ab\t x6 ,= all ,i h  done--except "o--,i
 w answ] be=e ,him :o judges ! mo/      
p[]ful4    ,& mu/ ?is "o example (      
v5geance "w on = ev]8 ,?y  suspici\s    
jeal\sy drove poor ,albo to a c]ta9     
dea?2 &  /ill1 aft] my innoc5ce 0       
manife/1 mu/ make 8 family !  (f]+ ( an 
ev] insatiate rev5ge4 ,cremato's        
accusation--    ,n s1 repli$ ! k+1 )    
vexation4 ,! guilt ( !  wom5 came to my 
e> f ano!r s\rce4 ,a report 0 spread  t 
,albo 0 sacrific$ 444 en\gh2 ! "m brea!d
  v5geance1 & = ?is ! law dem&$ h] life4
 ,i 0 graci\s  /ill6    #fde    ,fe>ful 
grace1 cri$ ! que51 :i* drove !         
un=tunate  f _! home & ! graves ( _!    
dead1 to w&] 9  pov]ty & mis]y 9 a      
/range l&4 ,t 0 n :at ,i ask$  :5 ,i    

pray$ = m]cy = ! innoc5t4 ,t 0 n :at !y 
expect$ :5 !y s5t petitions to ?y ?rone 
to recall !  s5t5ce1 & to all[ !m to    
return to _! native l&1 ev5  if x mu/ be
 9 pov]ty & want4    ,a rul] does n play
 ) law & v]dict l ! conjur]  ) a snake1 
spoke ! k+ %>ply4 ,! wom5 :o 7  ?ir/+ = 
rev5ge c\ld n be all[$ to come back at t
  "t3 !y _c n[3 nev]more4 ,& y1 madame1 
might bett]  let ! dead re/4 ,y\r feel+s
 lead y to a false conclusion4  ,! gift 
( a few fl[]s caus$ ! dea? ( ! ?\ghtless
  ,albo4 ,y\r te>s = t are %$ 9 va94 ,! 
y\?'s de/9y  & my passion be> all !     
blame4 ,y are free f all                
responsibility4 ,d n di/urb y\rself     
long] ) frightful  fancies4 ,leave !    
burd5 to my consci5ce4 ,admoni%+ to     
rep5tance is ( no use1 & only embitt]s4 
,su* attempts x  01 madame1 t drove f my
 side ! pa9t] ,cremato1 to :om  ,i _h   
giv5 my confid5ce4 ,he did n accuse     
,albo's family1 z  y falsely believe2 he
 def5d$ !m only too boldly4 ,he took  ! 
lib]ty to speak to my consci5ce--to play

 ! ,massillon to  me4 ,i am tol]ant only
 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 & = n9e ye>s he  has 
avoid$ ! c\rt1 at :i* he s (t5 appe>$ & 
w5t  l a bird ( passage4    ,i did n "k 
! man z y h pa9t$ him to me1 sire1  said
 ! que51 only half conv9c$4 ,my he>t    
%udd]s be=e  extreme puni%m5t & sev]e   
retribution1 !re=e ,i trembl$  be=e !   
in=m] :o call$ =? bo? at t "t4 ,y say   
he comes aga98 ,:]e has he liv$1 & h[1  
until n[8    ,i mu/ expla91 repli$ ! k+1
 t ,i h no correct  acc\nt ( ?is man's  
resid5ce = "s "t4 ,he 0 a p]son  wor?y  
to be ! fri5d ( a k+4 ,i am n a *ief (  
police4 ,i  ne$ to "k no?+ m4 ,_h he any
 settl$ dwell+-place8 ,i  d n "k4 ,9 my 
dom9ions he has only w&]$ back & =?     
s9ce t "t4 ,b1 s mu* z ,i desire to see 
him aga91 ,i d  n "k :e!r ,i %\ld n r   
dread ! meet+1 z =  _m ye>s ,i pres]ve 8
 remembrance 9 fe>4    ,fe>6 ask$ !     
que51 ) wond]+ eyes2 does ! h]o1 my     
husb&1 "k ! possibility ( fe>8    ,!    
he>t ( iron trembles be=e ! ,et]nal     
,judge1 ev5 :5  he speaks ?r\gh !       

fe>less tongue ( a human be+1 answ]$  ! 
k+1 ) anxiety depict$ on 8 c\nt5ance4   
,cremato's  la/ words might conv9ce !e1 
my guileless wife6 ,he plead$  )        
impetu\s eloqu5ce = ,albo's s5t5c$      
family2 pa9t$  _! suff]+1 t !y mu/ die  
f> f ! l& t bore  !m1 & ask$ _! recall 9
 ! "n ( humanity4 ,i refus$4    ',well6'
 spoke !n ! peculi> man1 coldly &       
?reat5+ly to  me4 ',i desi/ f fur!r     
attempts to move ! cold he>t ( !        
conqu]or4 ,=tune's son no long]         
recognizes ! un=tunate4  ,b1 f n[ on1   
ano!r %all speak to him 9 my /ead4      
,albo's  fall1 & ! accompany+           
circum/ances1 are no secret1 & my  bru% 
%all immortalize ! un=tunate4 ,8        
picture1 9 ! pale  mask ( dea?--8       
picture--! h]ald ( bloody tyranny1 be my
  next "w1 & ! recollection t ,i leave  
to y1 sire4  #fdf  ,take x z my legacy2 
& z (t5 z an inju/ice or cruelty  comes 
into y\r s\l1 or on y\r lips1 s (t5 may 
?is pale  face1 sway+ on black gr\nd1 /&
 be=e y\r eyes4 ,may x  s]ve to mod]ate 

y\r v5geance3 may x be to presumption a 
rem9d] ( annihilation3 may x %>p5 !     
p5it5ce ( y\r  consci5ce4' ,he w5t1 b ! 
/+ ( 8 words rema9$ ) me  f t h\r4 ,my  
self-consci\sness turn$1 ?\s&s &  ?\s&s 
( times1 back to ! t]rible picture :i*  
he _h  left to torture me4 ,_m times1 z 
my dream+ ?\ghts w&]$  ov] my           
battle-fields1 arose1 f all ! bodies    
only ?is "o  giant c\nt5ance1 gho/-l1   
be=e me4 ,(t51 :5 ov]come by  ! we>9ess 
( bus9ess1 ,i re/$ ^u a *air1 ,i h se5  
on  ! wall ! promis$ picture--l to ! old
 c\nt5ances (  ,*ri/1 :i* swung on a    
black gr\nd )\t neck or robe--          
frightfully & ?reat5+ly com+ ne>]1 z a  
phantasmagoric  image4    ,/op6 cri$ !  
que51 9 t]ror1 =1 9 addition to ! %ock  
:i* ! ref]5ce to ,albo _h giv5 h]1 !    
c\nt5ance ( h]  husb& _h1 :ile he _h be5
 speak+1 become l t ( a  gho/1 & 8 voice
 _h sunk to a ho>se :isp]4 ,! dreadful  
,cremato1 cont9u$ %e1 has he kept 8 ^w8 
,h[ long has !  unholy gift be5 9 y\r   
h&s8 & h y de/roy$ x8    ,! k+ %ook 8   

head4 ,i h nev] se5 ! pa9t+1 he  answ]$4
 ,cremato has n kept 8 ^w2 b ,i feel--,i
 "k  c]ta9ly--t ! picture is end$2 t x  
exi/s1 & t1  if x came into my h&s1 !   
/r5g? to de/roy x w\ld fail  me2 b look 
^u x ,i c\ld n1 = my fancy has already  
creat$ x to break my he>t4 ,c\ntless    
s5t5ces has x  mitigat$1 c\ntless       
mis=tunes arre/$2 =1 :5ev] ,i h  tak5 ! 
p5 or op5$ ! m\? to decide ov] ! life1  
happ9ess1 or honor ( any subject1 ,i saw
 him--,i saw ,cremato's  dreadful "w    
opposite me4    ,! k+ /opp$ sudd5ly1    
took a few ?\ghtful /eps ?r\gh  ! room1 
& w5t out2 b ! ov]p[]+ feel+ :i* !      
disclosure ( ! long-kept secret _h ar\s$
 9 him1 prev5t$  ! mon>*'s enjoy+ 8 re/4
 ,he left 8 c\*1 op5$ !  w9d[1 & look$  
out into ! /ill1 cool summ] night4 ,!   
trees ( ! grove :isp]$1 :ile "h & !re a 
drop1  cond5s$ f ! moi/ air1 fell s\nd+ 
f leaf to leaf1  & f ! di/ance came an  
indi/9ct h>mony1 di/urb+ !  song ( !    
night+ale4 ,z ! li/5]'s e> became       
accu/om$  to ! ru/l+ ( ! =e/1 ! di/ant  

s\nds became m  di/9ct & figur$ !mselves
 into a song t ! k+  recogniz$1 :ile x  
recall$ a sweet tide ( y\?ful           
recollections4 ,! pa/1 ly+ f> back beh9d
 ! confusion (  endless w>s1 beh9d !    
tumultu\s ye>s ( ambition & seek+  =    
glory1 work$ its nameless magic on 8    
s\l4 ,he saw himself  aga9 a boy on !   
rocks ( ! ,m$it]ranean sea2 he he>d aga9
  z !n--) nev]-end+ satisfaction1 !     
melodi\s song (  ! fi%]m5 z !y r[$ out 9
 ! gold5 gleam+ ( !  morn+ r$1 on 9 !   
rosy %imm] ( ev5+ :5 return+  into      
secure h>bors & ! peace ( _! homes4     
,o sanctissima1    ,o piissima          
,dulcis ,virgo ,m>ia6    ,mat] amata1   
,intem]ata1    ,ora pro nobis6    #fdg  
,b n[ x 0 no long] ! /rong t5or voices (
 ! s\?1  b two sweet female voices1 s l[
 & melodi\s1 t re/ &  peace came back to
 him1 & turn+ to 8 c\*1 he murmur$      
s(tly3    ,holy1 bless$ fa!rl&4 ,! roll+
 fates h tak5 me f  ?y lap to fa/5 me 9 
a /range l&1 ) a /range cr[n1 b  )      
bless+s ,i ?9k ( !e2 & bless$1 ?rice    

bless$1  may'/ ?\ be1 ,o my lov$ fa!rl&1
 my sweet home6     444444    ,t is n   
,cremato1 spoke ! k+1 z ! c\nt1 accord+ 
to  ! comm&1 pres5t$ ! mode/ pa9t]1 a   
sl5d]1 h&some  y\?1 sc>cely arriv$ at   
manhood4    ,i am call$ ,guido1 sire6   
answ]$ he fe>lessly4    ,guido 0 always 
a =tunate "n = "o ( y\r art1 repli$  !  
k+1 z he dismiss$ ! c\nt4 ,i h he>d good
 ( y4  ,h y br\ght ) y ! picture ( :i* !
 c\nt has  spok58    ,no1 sire1 said !  
pa9t]2 a lib]al connoisseur _h b\ght  x 
& tak5 x away1 be=e ! comm& ( y\r maje/y
 rea*$  me4    ,:at a mis=tune6 said !  
k+ condesc5d+ly4 ,i am a  patron ( art1 
& desire to employ y\r bru%4    ,i am   
sorry1 repli$ ,guido1 t ,i h no specim5 
( my poor  tal5t to %[ to y\r maje/y4 ,b
 ,i h br\ght ) me a "w  :i* ,i hope w   
obta9 y\r favor1 sire4 ,i 0 on my way to
  y\r c\rt1 & h ,cremato's ma/]piece to 
give to y\r  maje/y4    ,! k+ became    
pale at ^! words4 ,he look$ at ! pa9t]  
pi]c+ly1 b z he receiv$ ! glance )\t    
re/ra9t1  que/ion$ him fur!r4           

,cremato6 ,8 la/ "w8 ,y1 sir2 p]haps 8  
son8    ,8 /ud5t1 graci\s sire6 8 /ud5t 
:o buri$ him a few  mon?s ago at        
,naples1 & promis$ ! dy+ man to br+ !   
picture to y\r maje/y4    ,cremato dead6
 sigh$ ! k+4 ,9 him di$ a true arti/1 a 
peculi> b noble man4 ,i h nev] inquir$  
fur!r conc]n+  him4 ,he 0 to me only a  
human be+ :om ,i c\ld protect1 add$  he 
sl[ly4 ,! la/ sign ( 8 indep5d5ce6 ,y h 
br\ght  x ) y8    ,yes1 y\r maje/y1     
repli$ ,guido4 ,x /&s 9 ! ant]oom4 ,i   
ha/5 to br+ x4    ,yet a ^w1 began ! k+ 
di/urb$ly to ! arti/4 ,!  subject ( !   
picture8    ,= me a secret1 answ]$      
,guido4 ,! ma/] work$ on x )  clos$     
door--embelli%$ x ) 8 own h&s1 & lock$ x
 9  ! box4 ,x /ood long s1 ready =      
dep>ture4 ,cremato w\ld  entru/ x only  
to me1 & said to me1 on 8 dy+-b$1 t     
only y\r maje/y knew :at t picture      
designat$4    ,! k+'s c\nt5ance cle>$1 &
 he all[$ t ,guido %\ld  br+ ! box1 9   
:i* ! picture 0 lock$1 into ! room4  ,) 
a k9d ( grim horror1 he refus$ to h x   

op5$4    ,"s o!r "t1 he said abruptly1  
,i w see if y are !  /ud5t ( y\r tea*]4 
,did ,cremato leave relatives to :om ,i 
c return ! price ( ?is ma/]piece8    ,a 
"m & two daught]s1 repli$ ,guido4 ,x is 
true1 !y  are n press$ by want1 b f a   
pa9t]'s inh]itance is  seldom left a    
surplus4 ,yet1 d n pay = ?is gift 9     
gold4  ,weighty gr\nds compel !m to     
rema9 9 a =eign l&1 & !y  wi%$ to f9d a 
refuge 9 ! k+dom t y\r maje/y's wisdom  
makes happy4    #fdh    ,to take c>e (  
,cremato's daught]s %all be my "w1 b    
p]haps 8 /ud5t has f\nd 8 way to ! he>t 
( "o (  !m8    ,guido b[$ blu%+ly &     
d5i$4    ,i am already b\nd1 said he1 b 
to take to !m ! hope (  y\r maje/y's    
grace w be my fir/ duty4 ,!y w soon ?ank
  y 9 p]son4 ,! k+ b[$ & said3    ,let  
y\rself be pres5t$ to ! que5 & look at !
 draw+s  ( my two "y daught]s4          
,cremato's pupil has c]ta9ly  inh]it$   
quickness 9 art f him4 ,8 _s is 9 y\r   
eyes4  ,y please me4    ,he dismiss$ !  
joyful pa9t] & turn$ t[>d ! secret      

picture4 ,x seems to me1 he said to     
himself1 z if ,albo's eyes  look$ ?r\gh 
! wood 9 ord] to w\nd me4 ,angry fri5d6 
,on  ?y dea?-b$1 ha/ ?\ aft] s _m ye>s  
kept ?y pl$ge &  made ! %ade ( ! murd]$ 
"o at home 9 my c\rt8 ,:5 w  ,i obta9 ! 
/r5g? to look at ?y e>ne/ "w8 ,to look  
at x6  ,nev]6 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld die f !    
glance4 ,i w nev] see x4  ,i "k x       
already too well4 ,away ) x6    ,) 8 own
 h&s he set ! box away beh9d ! heavy    
silk5  curta9 t fell d[n 9 long folds   
be=e a w9d[4 ,!n he  ?rew himself into  
an arm-*air & ask$ himself1 ,h[ is x    
possible t "o s+le de$ p]=m$ 9 unju/    
rev5ge mu/  p]petually sw+ its :ip ov]  
my w\nd$ he>t8 ,! fields  :i* my battles
 h enri*$ ) blood1 ! scaffolds :i*  h   
be5 erect$ 9 ! c\rse ( "t--^! disappe>  
:5 my  eyes look into ! pa/2 b ,albo's  
grave lies ev] op5 be=e  !m4     444444 
,x _h become late 9 ! ev5+4 ,gov]nm5t   
c>es occupi$ !  k+4 ,he _h work$ ) 8    
c\nsellors4 ,! reception room 0  des]t$2
 b ! tap]s /ill burn$ 9 ! rooms ( !     

que54  ,! ,pr9cess ,sophia1 ov]come by  
we>9ess1 _h gone to h] room4  ,! m      
beautiful si/] kept h] "m company4 ,%e  
endur$  impati5tly ! read+ ( ! gov]ness4
 ,an indescribable unre/  spoke 9 e     
movem5t ( ! beautiful maid4 ,h] eyes    
rambl$  f ! ceil+ to ! walls1 !n look$  
fix$ly d[n at !  floor4 ,! light "w )   
:i* %e employ$ h]self did n  increase 9 
h] h&s1 & dropp$1 f9ally1 entirely f !m4
  ,) gr[+ unre/ %e *ang$ h] place a few 
times & />t$  :5 ! clock /ruck !        
dep>ture ( ano!r h\r4    ,! que51 a     
c>eful1 lov+ "m1 delay$ n to notice ?is 
unusual behavior1 & h]self becom+       
anxi\s1 took advantage (  ! fir/        
suitable pause :i* came 9 ! read+1 &    
releas$  ! lady f fur!r duty = ! ev5+4  
,"m & daught]  rema9$ alone4    ,please 
d me ! favor to play some?+ on ! h>p1   
said !  "m to ,eliza4 ,! in/rum5t t ,i  
once play$ s readily  w n d duty "u my  
neglectful f+]s4 ,quick "y f+]s  succe$ 
bett] 9 br++ feel+ out ( its /r+s4      
,play1 my  *ild2 ,i ne$ ! enliv5+4      

,eliza obey$4 ,h] t5d] f+]s glid$ ov] ! 
/r+s 9  prelude4 ,b ! affectionate p]=m]
 c\ld n long hold !  measur$ run ( !    
select$ piece4 ,! re/less1 trembl+  _s  
betray$ itself 9 ! ris+ & fall+ tones4  
,&ante  became pre/o1 & pres5tly broke  
out into a /rik+  dissonance4    ,=give 
me1 "m1 cri$ ! pr9cess1 spr++ up4 ,i _c 
play any long]4 ,my he>t w break t ,i h 
s9ce morn+  kept some?+ secret1 &       
secrecy mu/ n be betwe5 y &  me4    #fdi
    ,x %all n1 repli$ ! "m1 calmly1     
because ?y own  feel+s lead !e to       
confide4    ,! pr9cess came clos] to !  
"m1 & relat$ t 9 !  morn+1 9 h] si/]'s  
room1 almo/ "u ! eyes ( ,aja1  :ile !   
/range pa9t] 0 look+ ov] ,sophia's      
crayon  sket*es1 a pap] 0 dropp$ into h]
 h&s1 on :i* %e1 )  a/oni%m5t1 read !   
words1 ',mo/ graci\s pr9cess6 ,d\btless 
y\r he>t is :at y\r lovely features     
speak1 noble1 t5d]1  graci\s1 &         
*>itable4 ,oh6 w y plead = ! un=tunates 
:o are hidd5 by ,h]g]eita 9 ! =e/1 &    
wait = a gleam  ( hope8 ,he> _! pray]4  

,int]e/ y\r elevat$ "m 9 ?is  "w ( love4
 ,protect ! mo/ humble f ! ang] ( y\r   
fa!r4' ,^! /range1 entreat+ words1      
cont9u$ !  pr9cess1 took possession ( my
 he>t4 ,! pa9t] mu/ h  plac$ ! pap] 9 my
 h&s4 ,my se>*+ glance read 9 8 !       
answ]1 ',yes4' ,i %\ld1 p]haps1 h scorn$
 ! boldness2 b  8 entreat+ glance dis>m$
 me4 ,i c\ld n %ame him be=e  my si/] & 
! in/ructress4 ,i conceal$ ! pap]1 & ?is
  aft]noon my devot$ maid has spok5 to  
,h]g]eita1 & f\nd an  old1 tr\bl$-look+ 
woman & two beautiful "y girls1 &1  at  
my comm&1 reque/$ !m to be 9 my room at 
elev5 o'clock  to he> h[ ,i c be useful 
to !m4 ,i %\ld h lik$ to he>  :at !     
griev+ ones want$ be=e speak+ to y ( !m1
  de>e/ "m1 b my unre/ has betray$ me1 &
 s1 if y  all[1 ,i w br+ ! petition]s   
imm$iately be=e y4    ,?\ ha/ done      
rightly1 my daught]1 said ! que51 kiss+ 
,eliza's br[4 ,?y tru/ excuses !        
c5surable indiscretion (  tak+ a pap] f 
a /rang]'s h&4 ,we w toge!r f9d out  :at
 ! circum/ances ( ! /rang]s are1 & deal 

) !  "y arti/ accord+ to ! tru?fulness (
 8  repres5tation4    ,! maid ( h] royal
 highness waits 9 ! ante-room1 said a   
maid to ! que54    ,eliza blu%$4    ,!  
po9t] /&s on ! elev5? h\r1 :isp]$ %e4 ,!
  petition]s are c]ta9ly already 9      
att5dance1 &1 if y w  all[ x1 ,i w comm&
 t !y be conduct$ "h4    ,! que5        
cons5t$4 ,! pr9cess gave ! necess>y     
comm&1 &  9 a %ort "t a lady1 dress$ 9  
m\rn+1 ent]$ ! room4  ,%e seem$ a/oni%$ 
at f9d+ h]self 9 ! pres5ce ( !  que52 b 
?is circum/ance fail$ to deprive h] ( ! 
security ( c>riage :i* imm$iately       
betray$ h] acqua9tance  ) life ( !      
highe/ /&1 al?\gh h] dress belong$ to a 
"t long pa/4 ,h] noble1 expressive      
c\nt5ance betray$ h]  great age1 b !    
firm1 erect gait almo/ d5i$ ! :ite hairs
  :i* spread out ?9ly "u ! black veil4  
,) ! usual b[1  ! matron approa*$ !     
que51 kiss$1 be=e %e c\ld prev5t  x1 !  
hem ( h] robe1 !n arose1 & spoke ) a    
voice  fill$ ) emotion3    ,y\r maje/y  
sees be=e y a woman :o has _h ! mis=tune

  to become gray "u sorr[1 & old] ?an h]
 ye>s w\ld  speak4 ,unju/ fate has      
f9ally ov]come my pride1 & n[ :5 ,i  h  
lo/ all except two he>ts :i* love me1 ,i
 pray only =  ! favor to be all[$ to die
 )9 ! bord]s ( ?is  k+dom4 ,! mak+ ( a  
new ?rone c\ld n s rejoice y\r          
illu/ri\s husb& z a grave 9 ?is l& w\ld 
rejoice me4    #fej    ,madame1 repli$ !
 que51 a/oni%$ & ov]come by ! we>y      
sadness 9 ! suppliant's voice1 be=e y   
speak fur!r1 :o  are y ,y\r "n8    ,at  
?is mom5t ! tape/ry door op5$1 ?r\gh :i*
 ! k+  0 accu/om$ to ent]1 & ! mon>*    
appe>$ sudd5ly be=e  ! wom54 ,! que5 &  
,eliza 7 sil5t 9 t]ror4 ,!  /rang] look$
 him fe>lessly 9 ! eyes4 ,8 wra?ful look
  fell only on h]4 ,) a curi\s mixture (
 h>dness1  a/oni%m5t1 & ang]1 he f9ally 
broke out into ! words3    ,:om d ,i see
 "h8 ,:at is pass+ "h8 ,h[ did y come   
into  ?is room1 ,frau von ,albo8        
,albo6 cri$ ! que51 & ?rew h]self ^u !  
arm ( h]  trembl+ daught]4    ,y h n    
=gott5 me1 sire6 answ]$ ! lady1 e>ne/ly 

& firmly4 ,= _m ye>s ,i h be5 unaccu/om$
 to ?is  "n1 & j "h :]e x is proscrib$  
,i he> x aga94 ,y\r  pres5ce1 sire1     
decides my fate1 :i* ,i w\ld h intru/$  
to  fri5dly h&s4 ,unju/ly bani%$ f y\r  
/ate1 ,i "k only  too well t ,i /& be=e 
y n[ z a crim9al4 ,i h  /epp$ ov] ! ban1
 & dea? is my fate4 ,dispose ( ?is gray 
head z y w1 only protect my             
gr&-daught]s1 my k+6 ,_!  "m has dep>t$4
 ,!y d n be> ! hat$ "n ( ,albo4 ,let  !m
 live 9 ! home ( _! "m1 to plant fl[]s  
on m9e  & _! uncle's grave4    ,= a long
 "t ! k+ made no reply1 b 8 expression 0
  d>k & m5ac+4    ,i am no tyrant :o    
?ir/s = y\r blood1 said he f9ally1  b   
guilty y are4 ,i mu/ "k h[ all ?is has  
come ab\t4    ,eliza ?rew h]self at h]  
fa!r's feet1 & relat$ to him :at  _h    
happ5$4    ,guido6 repli$ ! k+1 & pull$ 
! bell1 ?is  presumptu\s /rang] %all    
answ] to me on ! spot4    ,! s]vant1 :o 
_h come1 0 ord]$ to br+ ! pa9t]         
imm$iately into ! royal pres5ce4 ,! lady
 appe>$ to he>  no?+ ( all t 0 pass+4   

,h] eyes rais$ t[>d heav5  & h] lips    
mov+ z if 9 pray]1 %e /ood !re z if     
sep>at$ f h] surr\nd+s & belong+ to     
ano!r _w4  ,! que5 spoke conciliat+ly to
 h] husb&1 b 8 features  rema9$ h>d &   
d>k4    ,mu/ pictures ( a mis]able pa/  
sw+ = ev] be=e me8  murmur$ he4 ,mu/    
dea? resign ! booty long due him 9 ord] 
to torm5t me8 ,& :at c\ld h induc$ y1   
,frau von ,albo1  n[ t y are on ! v]ge (
 ! grave1 & h liv$ s  long away1 to put 
y\rself into su* a position8    ,age    
makes me a *ild aga91 repli$ ! b>oness  
quietly4 ,i  0 mis]able 9 ! /range l&2  
,i mu/1 ev5 at ! price (  my life1 see  
once aga9 ! spot :i* bore me4 ,x rema9s 
my  fa!rl&1 9 ^: bosom my bones w\ld    
gladly re/ ne> ^?  ( my son4    ,o      
sanctissima6 sang ! two angel voices    
?r\gh ! =e/1  & ! tones came ?r\gh ! op5
 w9d[1 & ! k+ ?\ght  aga9 ( 8 fa!rl&1 & 
sigh$ deeply4    ,at t mom5t ! pa9t]    
,guido ent]$1 quickly & boldly4  ,y\r   
comm&1 y\r maje/y1 said he4 ,! b>oness  
int]rupt$  him ) ! words1 ,i h lo/ my   

play1 mo/ graci\s pr9ce1  & ,i comm5d to
 y ! orphans :om ,i mu/ leave4    ,t w  
,god & ! brave k+'s magnanimity n all[1 
repli$ ! betray$1 & w5t rev]5tly to !   
royal pair4  #fea  ,i am ,pr9ce ,julius1
 said he4 ,i wi%$ to conv9ce myself1    
)\t be+ recogniz$1 :e!r ! s\l ( !       
beautiful  pr9cess1 ^: h& ,i wi% to ga91
 7 l h] r>e *>ms4  ,my hope has n       
deceiv$ me1 & my confid5ce 9 y\r        
maje/y's  grace w surely be ju/ifi$ to !
 favor ( ! two innoc5t  suppliants :om  
,i recomm5d to y\r m]cy4    ,! que5 b[$ 
pleasantly to ! pr9ce4 ,eliza1 ov]come  
by  delight$ surprise1 clung ba%fully to
 h] "m4 ,! k+  rea*$ 8 h& to ! pr9ce &  
spoke ) light reproa*4      444    ,! "y
 h]o1 :o is s welcome to my c\rt1 _h no 
ne$ (  dissimulation 9 ord] to call out 
my ju/ice4 ,8 ^w alone  4444    ,sire6  
,! pr9ce int]rupt$ him1 ,i flatt]$      
myself t !  circum/ances !mselves w\ld  
speak to ! he>t ( ! wise/  ( k+s m ?an  
any ^w ( ! undi/+ui%$ man :o w\ld       
consid] himself happy if ! rul] :om he s

 admires w\ld  all[ him to become 8     
/ud5t & belong to 8 family4    ,!       
ambition ( ! k+ 0 s flatt]$ by ^! words 
f a  desc5dant ( an old royal family t  
he1 ) joyful pride1 l$  ! exultant      
,julius to ,eliza1 ) ! words1 ,my pr9ce1
 y\r  bride4 ,turn+ t[>d ! b>oness1 he  
spoke1 ,y h plac$  y\rself "u !         
protection ( ! que54 ,i w n h se5  y1 b 
a woman :o conspires aga9/ me ,i w n    
endure 9 my  k+dom4 ,g back4 ,an am\nt  
suffici5t to meet y\r exp5ses  %all %[ t
 ,i d n all[ private v5g5ce to "w aga9/ 
y--,i _c d m4    ,away f ! home6 cri$   
,frau von ,albo sorr[fully2 no1 no1     
nev]6 ,be m]ciful1 y\r maje/y6 ,i h nev]
 plott$ aga9/  y4 ,! "m's he>t comm&$   
itself4 ,i h nev] curs$  y4 ,!          
calumniation ( y\r dead *ancellor ru9$  
me &  *as$ me into bani%m5t1 & /ill ,i h
 nev] curs$ y4  ,!re=e %[ m]cy4 ,d n    
keep an old woman 9 d\bt4 ,my  daught]  
f\nd h] grave 9 ! waves4 ,i _c seek x   
out to  die on x4 ,! grave-m\nd ( my son
 is 9 ?is l&4 ,i _c  leave x aga94 ,keep

 ! gift ( y\r graci\sness1 sire6 ,keep  
! prop]ty :i* 0 unju/ly tak5 f u4 ,take 
my life4 ,take  ! la/ treasure1 ! legacy
 ( my son2 only let me f9i% my  days "h 
:]e ,i 0 born4 ,9 ! outbur/ ( feel+1 !  
b>oness _h pull$ a lett] f h] bosom1 & )
 trembl+  h&s h&$ x to ! k+4 ,a few )]$ 
=get-me-nots1  spr9kl$ ) drops ( blood1 
fell out on ! floor4 ,! k+  & que5 /ood 
trembl+1 & ,o sanctissima6 s\nd$ anew1  
bless+ & entreat+1 ?r\gh ! sil5t grove4 
,:5ce ^! wond]fully entranc+ tones (    
home8 ask$ !  k+ quickly4    ,cremato's 
daught]s x is1 answ]$ ,pr9ce ,julius1 & 
"h  /&s 8 "m4 ,albo's si/] 0 ,cremato's 
wife1 &1 %ortly  be=e 8 dea?1 p]i%$ on a
 pleasure excursion ne> !  coa/4 ,grief 
= h] loss ha/5$ 8 dea?1 & 8 family1 to  
:om y\r maje/y to-day promis$ y\r       
protection1 pray = a  home 9 _! fa!rl&4 
,%all !y pray 9 va98    ,cremato ! husb&
 ( y\r daught]8 ask$ ! k+1  a/oni%$4    
,riddles multiply4    #feb    ,9 our    
humiliation & pov]ty 9 a =eign l&1 !    
/range  man f\nd u1 answ]$ ! lady4 ,less

 love ?an ! w>me/  ?ankfulness :i* we   
ow$ gave him my daught]4 ,god bless !   
noble man6 ,god bless him6 said ,julius 
quickly4 ,he 0 nobl]  ?an ev5 8 family  
knew4 ,i 0 8 /ud5t4 ,to me he disclos$  
himself4 ,8 consci5ce _h compell$ him to
 discov] t plot4  ,8 feel+s tortur$ him 
:5 he discov]$ t ,albo's innoc5t  family
 _h1 ?r\gh calumniation1 become entangl$
 9 !  t]rible affair4 ,unable to dis>m !
 ang] ( ! insult$  mon>*1 he s\ght      
untir+ly ! helpless family2 f\nd !m1  & 
compell$ himself to take ! yoke (       
m>riage 9 ord] to  become ! protector ( 
^? :om he _h undesign$ly &  unkn[+ly    
driv5 into ru94 ,! noble man kept 8     
relations  secret f ! k+1 & left 8 c\rt 
aft] he _h prov$ t  ! hatr$ aga9/ ! "n (
 ,albo 0 in]adicable4 ,! k+  _h nev]    
discov]$ t ,cremato 0 8 c\ntryman4 ,on 8
  dea?-b$ he confid$ to me 8 family & t 
picture :i* ,i  h nev] se54 ,a picture  
:i* ,i f9i%$ aft] ,cremato's plan1  & _h
 exhibit$1 attract$ ! notice ( ! "l     
*amb]la91  & br\ght me "h m quickly4    

,cremato's remembrance2 t  fa!rl& song t
 ,cremato _h taught 8 *ildr52 ! sight  (
 ?is wor?y matron1 ( ! noble que51 & y\r
 angel  daught]'s entreaties1 %all      
f9ally move ! he>t ( ! k+2  & if ,i see 
rightly1 if ^! be really te>s :i* fill !
  eyes ( ! mo/ noble-he>t$ mon>*1 !n has
 my plan  succe$$1 & ?is night makes    
?ree happy4    ,! k+ 0 sil5t1 /ruggl+ ) 
8 emotion4 ,all eyes 7  fix$ on him4    
,take up ! fl[]s1 said he4 ,!n1 deeply  
mov$1 to ,albo's  "m3 ,i am n able to   
give y any?+ m preci\s1 ev5  :5 ,i      
return to y all ! prop]ty t y h lo/4    
,albo's1  ,cremato's "m1 be greet$6 =get
 z ,i =get4 ,! few days  t rema9 to y   
%all be peaceful1 & y\r gr&daught]s     
%all be my c>e4    ,mo/ noble k+6 cri$  
,julius1 & fell on 8 brea/4 ,wife &     
daught] embrac$ him4 ,! b>oness fold$ h]
 h&s & pray$4  444 ,oh6 see1 my ,albo1  
h[ he r$eems ! pa/6 ,oh6 =give him1  !  
rep5tant1 z ,i =give him6    ,z ! k+    
fre$ himself f ?is embrace1 two         
beautiful  maid5s lay at 8 feet & moi/5$

 8 h&s ) _! te>s4  ,!y 7 ,cremato's     
daught]s4 ,o sanctissima6 he sigh$1 &   
s(tly left ! room to hide 8 te>s4       
,! mon>* kept 8 ^w1 & peace reign$ 9 8  
k+dom4 ,b  ,cremato's picture he v5tur$ 
n to look ^u1 & = long  ye>s x /ood     
lock$ beh9d t curta94 ,! b>oness _h long
  s9ce slept 9 h] grave1 & h]           
gr&daught]s 7 happy  mo!rs by _! own    
firesides4    ,a ho/ ( bloom+ gr&*ildr51
 ,eliza's & ,sophia's sons1 _h  made !  
k+ himself a gr&fa!r4 ,!n dea? came ^u  
him  sl[ly1 & w>n$ him to quit ! /age ( 
life4 ,joyfully he  made himself ready1 
& will+ly all[$ ! cr[n1 s valueless  to 
! dy+1 to glide f 8 h&s4 ,satisfi$ )    
life1 &  resign$ to dea?1 he ask$ calmly
 to see ,cremato's picture4 ,i  am      
/rong1 he said to ! weep+ wife1 ! only  
"o entru/$  ) t secret4 ,myself 9 ! arms
 ( dea?1 ! c\nt5ance  ( ! dead w no     
long] t]rify me4 ,! cov] fell2          
c\rage\sly ! k+ ?rew 8 glance ^u ! gl[+ 
backgr\nd1 & ! light ( transfiguration  
came ov] 8 face4  ,x 0 no gha/ly figure 

( dea?4 ,a *]ub1 beam+ 9 heav5ly  light 
& glory1 nodd$ f ! cl\ds4 ,e!really     
beautifi$1  ,albo's features smil$ ^u   
him2 ! "r h& ( ! angel  po9t$ above1 & !
 left rea*$ out conciliat+ly ! wrea?  ( 
=get-me-nots1 tak5 f ! gold5 hair4    ,!
 "w ( ! noble pa9t]1 a sign ( 8 love =  
man & 8  tru/ 9 ,god1 trans=m$ ! la/    
/ruggle ( ! mon>* to !  g5tle/ peace4   
,cremato6 ,albo6 /amm]$ he1 go+ smil+ly4
 ,wife6 ,*ildr56  ,my p6 f>ewell6 & ?\1 
my fa!rl&1 ,=get me n6        --------  
#fec                 ,c\ture's ,book4   
,p]haps x w\ld h be5 m accord+ to rule  
to h head$  ?is article1 ,pa9t+-,room   
,me?od & ,conv]sations1 :i* is  ! title 
! au?or gives 8 "w4 ,b z x is inv>iably 
spok5 ( & ?\ght ( z ,c\ture's ,book1 ,i 
h b foll[$  9 ! wake ( o!rs4 ,! fact is1
 ?is is no regul> book2 x  is b a s]ies 
( pr9t$ talks1 s *>act]i/ic1 s entirely 
/amp$ ) ! individuality ( ! writ]1 t ^? 
:o "k  him recognize 8 peculi>          
expressions1 8 ecc5tricities (  mann]1 &
 almo/ seem to see 8 famili> ge/ures    

?r\gh its  pages4 ,!re=e x seems        
p]fectly natural to call x ,c\ture's    
,book4    ,c\ture1 z all ^? well "k :o  
are at all famili> )  mod]n ,fr5* art1  
is "o ( ^? :o has done mo/ to raise &   
invigorate x4 ,8 great picture1 ! ,roman
 ,orgie1 is 9 !  pr9cipal room ( !      
,luxemb\rg1 ( :i* x is "o ( !  greate/  
ornam5ts4 ,x is n my prov9ce to         
criticise him z an  arti/2 o!rs1 f> m   
capable1 h giv5 a favorable v]dict  long
 s9ce4 ,my purpose is to speak ( 8 book1
 & to say  some?+ ( ! au?or p]sonally1 z
 ! be/ means (  und]/&+ x4    ,9 8 t5?  
*apt]1 ,m4 ,c\ture gives u an int]e/+   
glimpse  ( 8 e>ly days1 & ( ! gradual   
developm5t ( 8 p[]s4  ,all ?r\gh life1  
"o ( 8 mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics seems  to h
 be5 8 utt] inability to le>n by rule2 z
 a *ild1 he  0 look$ ^u z almo/ a dunce1
 & 8 eld] bro!r1 :o1 z  he expresses x1 
0 nibbl+ at ,lat91 look$ d[n ^u him  f 8
 height4 ,f 8 e>lie/ ye>s1 h[ev]1 he _h 
!  passion ( reproduction4 ,be=e he     
und]/ood ! use ( p5cils1  he w\ld cut   

out1 ) 8 "m's scissors1 ! outl9es ( all 
he saw4 ,lat]1 he became pa9t]-9-ord9>y 
to all ! boys (  ! neighborhood1 &1 by !
 help ( ! little m5 & wom5 he  drew &   
pa9t$1 became ri* 9 tops & m>bles4 ,b1  
:5 8  fa!r1 a man ( rem>kable           
intellig5ce = 8 /ation 9 life1  plac$   
him ) a draw+-ma/]1 ! petit ,?omas c\ld 
d  no?+2 he did n und]/& 8 ma/]'s       
in/ructions2 he  c\ld n copy ! models   
plac$ be=e him2 he long$ =  nature1 & = 
lib]ty to imitate j :at /ruck 8 fancy4  
,! result 01 t ! draw+-ma/]1 aft] a few 
mon?s'  trial1 decl>$ him to be want+ 9 
capacity1 & he 0 tak5  away6    #fed    
,! *ild is fa!r to ! man1 & all ?r\gh   
life1 ! cause  ( ne>ly all 8 trials &   
disappo9tm5ts1 & p]haps1 too1  ( 8      
successes1 has be5 ?is inability to     
subject himself to  e/abli%$ rules4 ,he 
ent]$ ! ateli] ( ,gros1 z  /ud5t1 & fell
 sick ) disappo9tm5t :51 on a c]ta9     
occasion1 spurr$ on by ! ma/]'s         
enc\ragem5t & advice1 he  produc$ :at he
 calls a mo/ pitiable failure2 :ile1 on 

!  o!r h&1 sev]al ( 8 attempts--! unaid$
 works ( 8  own inspiration--excit$     
great admiration1 & turn$ ! public      
att5tion on ! "y pa9t]4 ,f9ally1 he     
det]m9$ to  r5\nce ma/] & rules1 to tru/
 to 8 own in/9ct1 & to  turn to public  
op9ion = judgm5t4 ,he succe$$2 ! public 
recogniz$ & appreciat$ him4 ,nev]!less1 
?is same disreg>d  = e/abli%$ crit]ions1
 = academic dignities1 etc41 has  prov$ 
! s\rce ( mu* annoyance to him2 &1 = "s 
ye>s  pa/1 ,m4 ,c\ture has refus$ to    
exhibit1 or to br+ himself  =w>d 9 any  
way1 z an arti/4 ,ab&on+ himself to !   
joys  & c>es ( a happy home-circle1     
enjoy+ 8 mode/ =tune z  only a man :o   
has kn[n pov]ty1 & has f\ght h>d aga9/ x
  = ne>ly ?irty ye>s c1 he lets p say   
:at !y w (  him1 &1 ) /urdy indep5d5ce1 
works :5 he likes1 & at  :at he likes4  
,( c\rse1 all sorts ( reports circulate 
ab\t  him1 & ,i h be5 told m ?an once1  
,oh6 z = ,c\ture1 he  is dead2 he c     
produce no?+ m4    ,n long ago1 an      
arti/1 a firm fri5d ( ,m4 ,c\ture1 took 

me to  see him4 ,we 7 told by ! conci]ge
 t monsieur 0  at home1 au premi]1      
droite4 ,s au premi]1   droite we w5t2  
rang2 ! door 0 op5$ by a respectable    
man-s]vant2 b j beh9d him 0 an          
extraord9>y look+  p]sonage2 x 0 ,m4    
,c\ture himself1 :o1 ) ! curiosity (  a 
*ild1 want$ to see :o 0 !re4 ,imag9e a  
figure sc>cely  five feet high1 imm5sely
 fat--/\t is n ! ^w--) a r$  sc>f ti$   
r\nd ! huge wai/1 ! %irt-coll> op51     
untrammell$ by any ve/ige ( a cravat1 & 
luxuriat+ 9 a  sort ( loose wooll5      
jacket4 ,!re he /ood1 %ak+ 8  fri5d's   
h&1 slapp+ him on ! back1 a he>ty1      
k9dly1  puff+1 pant+ eng9e ( humanity4  
,:5 ,i he>d him talk1  h[ev]1 ,i =got 8 
unpoetic ext]ior2 ! fla%+ eye1 !        
wond]ful p[] ( mimickry1 ! modulat+ ( ! 
voice1  fasc9at$ me4 ,i h se5 _m good   
actors1 b none :o  possess$ ! art ( br++
 sc5es1 p1 expressions1 s  completely   
be=e "o1 z ,m4 ,c\ture4 ,ev]y?+ he t\*es
 ^u  becomes a picture1 color & tru?    
ev]y:]e4 ,?is is em95tly  ! case ) 8    

book2 he himself c\ld only be taught    
?r\gh  pictures--br\ght to 8 m9d by !   
colors ( ! pa9t]1 !  words ( a writ]1 or
 ! h>monies ( ! musician2 ?r\gh         
pictures he in/ructs o!rs4    ,b to     
return to my visit4 ,we 7 hospitably    
dragg$ into 8  d52 a simple room jo9+ ! 
p>lor1 ) no pret5sions (  be+ a /udio   
ab\t x4 ,!re 0 a picture on ! easel1    
ca/s  & draw+s scatt]$ ar\nd1 an        
admirable portrait ( 8  fa!r1 = :om he  
_h an unb\nd$ admiration1 & a *>m+      
little fl[]-piece :i* 0 ! b\quet he     
pres5t$ to 8  wife on h] bir?day2 a few 
fl[]s 9 a glass1 no?+ m1 b  ^! few      
fl[]s1 ) ! dewy s(tness & fragrance (   
nature  ab\t !m1 reveal$ ! ma/]'s h& to 
me1 z cle>ly z !  m pret5ti\s picture on
 :i* he 0 !n work+4    #fee    ,y h read
 my book1 !y tell me8    ,yes1 ,m4      
,c\ture1 & ,i admire x2 = x is s simple1
 s easy  to be und]/ood4    ,?is seem$  
to please him4    ,b ,i f9d ,i h all[$  
myself to gossip on1 & h n giv5  y z yet
 any ( ^? =eta/es ( ! book :i* ,i       

promis$  myself %\ld be ! /aple ( ?is   
article4 ,i want1 by ^!  =eta/es1 to    
int]e/ ,am]icans 9 ?is "w :i*1 by !     
simple wisdom ( its maxims1 ! result (  
?irty ye>s' "w &  exp]i5ce1 is em95tly  
fitt$ to be a guide to "y arti/s4  ,!n1 
too1 x is d$icat$ to ,am]ica4 ,m4       
,c\ture has a real  sympa?y & admiration
 = our vigor\s1 ev]-gr[+ c\ntry4  ,"s ( 
8 favorite pupils 7 ,am]icans1 & ( late 
ye>s1  mo/ ( ! pictures :i* h left 8    
easel h be5  pur*as$ by our weal?y      
c\ntrym54 ,i _c resi/ !  temptation (   
tell+ y an anecdote  propos1 :i* ,i     
he>d f a reliable s\rce1 & :i* is v     
*>act]i/ic3    ,a ,new ,york amateur w5t
 to ,m4 ,c\ture1 & bespoke a picture4 ,b
  ! arti/ 0 probably 9 a lazy mood1 & ! 
picture lagg$4  ,"s fri5ds ( ! ,new     
,york g5tleman w>n$ him t x 0  (t5 ye>s 
be=e ,c\ture w\ld f9i% a commission1 z  
he nev]  work$ unless ! fancy took him4 
,b1 add$ "o ( !m1 he is a /rictly       
honorable man2 attack  him f t po9t1 & y
 w h y\r picture4    ,s ! amateur1 writ+

 a v polite note to ! arti/1  enclos$ ! 
sum agre$ ^u z ! price ( ! picture4     
,be=e long1 pant+ & puff+ f ! unusual   
ex]tion1  ,c\ture ru%$ to ! g5tleman's  
ap>tm5ts1 exclaim+1 z soon  z he c\ld   
get brea?3    ,b y o!r ,am]icans1 y are 
a p ( v s+ul>  cu/oms6 ,"h2 :at = y s5d 
me ! pay be=e y get !  picture8    ,o   
,m4 ,c\ture6 ,i h su* p]fect fai? 9 y\r 
honor4    ,! arti/ /opp$1 seem$ to ?9k x
 ov] a few mom5ts1 !n  exclaim$3    ,y  
%all h x1 y\r picture6    ,accord+ly1   
%ortly aft]1 ! picture 0 f9i%$ &        
deliv]$4    ,9 8 orig9al & clev]        
introduction he says3    ,i am an       
unle>n$ man2 ,i "k no?+2 hav+ _h no     
in/ruction1 ,i feel t ,i c inspire      
sympa?y1 only by a  pr(\nd s9c]ity4 ,c a
 man1 ow+ :at he has only to 8  battle (
 life1 8 obs]vations1 & ! %r$s ( k &    
glimpses ( books :i* came to him l real 
gods5ds1 inspire  int]e/8 ,i d\bt x1 &  
,i am ev5 pretty sure t _m p  w f9d x   
prepo/]\s t "o %\ld d>e to write a book 
)\t hav+ gone ?\gh ! necess>y /udies4   

,to ^!  p]sons ,i w answ] by my book    
itself :]e9 ,i try to prove  t 9 ev]y?+ 
a simple1 s9c]e expression ( s5tim5t is 
pref]able to a le>n$ expression !re(2 = 
?is pla9  reason1 t m51 gett+ _!        
in/ruction ?r\gh books are apt  to =get1
 9 ! multiplicity ( docum5ts :i* absorb 
!m1  ! good & true road--nature2 to su* 
,i w say1 ',y h !  univ]sity on y\r     
side2 well1 z = me1 ,i h my ,god1 & d  n
 fe> y4' 444    ,x w\ld be well1 ,i ?9k1
 to reassure ! humble4 ,!re=e1 ,i  say1 
h fai? 9 y\r s\l2 foll[ y\r ,god :o is  
)9 y1  express :at he inspires1 & d n   
fe> to oppose y\r div9e  lights to !    
horrible ,*9ese lant]ns ( ! univ]sity4  
,enlight5 & guide 9 y\r turn ^? :o w\ld 
re/ra9 y by  ridicule4    #fef    ,if y 
are a f>m]1 speak ( ! products ( ! e>?2 
if y  are a bus9ess man1 speak ( t      
bus9ess :i* y und]/&2  if y are an      
arti/1 speak ( y\r art4 ,d n fe> !      
inelegance ( y\r language2 x w always be
 excell5t4  ,:atev] y may say1 y :o     
und]/& t ( :i* y speak1  y c nev]       

express y\rself m fooli%ly ?an ^? :o    
make  an art ( words4 444    ,i comp>e  
myself1 9 my lit]>y mi%aps1 to a man    
surpris$ 9  a /orm4 ,he seeks a refuge  
to save ! brightness ( 8 boots2  b ! h\r
 ( r5dezv\s is close at h&1 & x /ill    
p\rs4  ,he makes a da%1 keep+ close to !
 h\ses2 ! ra9 r$\bles  its fury1 & he is
 glad to f9d %elt] "u a  porte-co*re4   
,!re he /oops & exam9es himself2 8      
boots h lo/ _! lu/re1 8 pantaloons are  
cov]$ )  mud2 a port]1 companion ( 8    
mis=tune1 has wip$ ! load (  vegetables 
he c>ri$1 on 8 back4 ,! irreproa*abl5ess
 ( 8  attire is gone2 he ne$ no long]   
protect x2 he accepts 8 fate  bravely1 &
 ceases to conc]n himself4 ,he />ts ) a 
firm1  grave /ep1 &1 z a fir/ success1  
obta9s ! admiration (  o!rs less brave4 
,enc\rag$ 9 8 new resolution1 he walks  
on  unhe$+ ! wat] :i* rises above !     
ankle2 he comes to a  torr5t2 he ?r[s   
himself 9 )\t hesitation1 & swimm+1     
rea*es ! o!r side2 ano!r /ep1 & he pulls
 ! doorbell4  ,! door op5s4 ,:at a      

triumph6 ,mis=tune has cr[n$ him )  h]  
poetic *>ms4 ,he is surr\nd$1 c>$ =1 &  
soon f9ds  himself clad 9 com=table     
clo!s1 ) 8 feet 9 ! ho/'s  slipp]s2 he  
enliv5s ! gue/s ) ! recital ( 8         
,odyssey4    ,?is is my portrait1 de>   
read]2 all bespatt]$ ) ink1 ,i  come to 
ask y to take me 94     444    ,let u   
return n[ to t :i* has giv5 me c\rage to
 write4    ,i receiv$ my second lesson f
 ! greate/ writ] ( ! age4  ,madame      
,george ,s& 0 good en\gh to give me a   
seat 9 h] box1  to he> ! ,*ampi4 ,y "k t
 9 ?is *>m+ play1 a  "y lov] wants to   
speak too well to h] he loves2 he has   
prep>$ 8 disc\rse ) su* c>e1 & has s _m 
f9e  ?+s to say1 t1 :5 ! decisive mom5t 
comes1 all 8  ideas get inextricably    
mix$2 ! lov] soon p]ceives t he is      
talk+ v badly & t 8 defeat is ow+ to 8  
unlucky  head2 =tunately = him1 h[ev]1 8
 he>t is on fire1 &  w be he>d2 !n he   
speaks z he feels1 & y "k if he  speaks 
well6    ,s mu* = ! introduction2 n[ let
 u turn to ! real object  ( 8           

book--arti/ic in/ruction4 ,i am sure all
 ^? :o h  felt ! difficulties to be     
und]gone by all beg9n]s 9 art1  w feel  
grateful to ,m4 ,c\ture = ! simple1     
concise way 9  :i* he expla9s :at !     
exp]i5ce ( _m ye>s has taught  him4 ,!y 
w obs]ve h[ c>efully he avoids any f9e  
phrases  :i* seem to say mu*1 & :i* 9   
reality m]ely s]ve to  bewild] ! /ud5t4 
,li/5 to :at he says (    #feg          
,elem5t>y ,draw+4    ,:at is to be done 
9 ord] to draw well8    ,place y\rself 9
 front ( ! object to be repres5t$2 h    
good tools1 :i* mu/ be kept neat &      
clean2 look at :at y  see ) mu* great]  
att5tion ?an at y\r own reproduction (  
x2 keep--p>don my ari?metic--?ree qu>t]s
 ( an eye = !  model1 & "o qu>t] = !    
draw+4    ,comm5ce y\r draw+ f a fir/   
di/ance1 comp>e ^? :i*  foll[1 mak+ !m  
subs]vi5t to ! fir/4    ,e/abli% ei!r an
 imag9>y or a real horizontal &         
p]p5dicul> l9e be=e ! objects to be     
repres5t$2 ?is  means is an excell5t    
guide :i* %\ld always be adh]$ to4      

,:51 by slight indications1 y h det]m9$1
 e/abli%$  y\r places1 look at nature ) 
y\r eyes half clos$4 ,?is  mann] ( look+
 simplifies objects2 details disappe>2 y
 !n  p]ceive no?+ b ! great divisions ( 
light & %ade4 ,!n  e/abli% y\r masses2  
:5 ^! are correctly plac$1 op5 y\r  eyes
 completely1 & add ! details1 b ) great 
mod]ation4    ,e/abli% :at ,i call      
dom9ants = y\r lights & %ades4 ,look  at
 y\r model att5tively1 & ask y\rself :i*
 is its  /ronge/ light1 & place x on y\r
 draw+ !re1 :]e x is  9 nature2 z1 by   
?is means y e/abli% a dom9ant1 y mu/  ( 
c\rse1 n exce$ x2 all o!r lights mu/ be 
subord9ate to  x4 ,! same ?+ mu/ be     
said1 ! same calculation mu/ be  made1 =
 ! %ad[s2 rub 9 y\r /ronge/ vigor1 y\r  
mo/  int5se black2 !n use x z a guide1 a
 diapason1 9 ord] to  f9d ! value ( y\r 
diff]5t %ad[s & half-t9ts4    ,no?+ c be
 m to ! po9t1 m simple ?an ?is1 &       
surely ,m4 ,c\ture exemplifies :at he   
says 9 8 introduction3  t :at is felt   
/rongly1 & und]/ood cle>ly1 w be        

express$ ) equal /r5g? & cle>ness4 ,he  
goes on to say  ) reg>d to              
,elem5t>y ,pr9ciples ,(           ,draw+
 ,f ,nature4    ,y w only be able to    
copy ! mobile objects ( nature1 :5  y   
are v c]ta9 ( f9d+ y\r places )         
rapidity2 !  means are always ! same1 b 
_! application is m  difficult4 ,!re=e  
con/ant practice is necess>y4 ,a        
musician  w\ld say to y1 ,scales1 m     
scales6 & ,i say to y1 ,draw1  draw     
incessantly6 ,draw f morn+ to night1 9  
ord] to  ex]cise y\r eye1 & to acquire a
 /eady h&4    ,! practical "p ( 8 book1 
,m4 ,c\ture enliv5s &  illu/rates by    
anecdotes tak5 f 8 own exp]i5ce2 ^! are 
! pictures by :i*1 pr9cipally1 he seeks 
to convey  in/ruction4 ,i w translate "o
 ( !m = y3    ,a "y ,g]man ent]$ my     
ateli] to p]fect himself1 z  he said1 9 
8 art2 he made1 z a beg9n+1 a draw+ :i* 
%[$ mu* te*nical ability4    ,i         
complim5t$ him on 8 clev]ness1 b at !   
same "t told  him t he _h n copi$ 8     
model fai?fully1 & t x  w\ld give me    

great pleasure to see 8 tal5t d$icat$ to
 !  s]vice ( nature4    ',b inde$1 sir1'
 said ! "y man1 ',i assure y t ,i  copi$
 ) ! greate/ exactitude4'    ',y ?9k s2 
did y look at y\r model v att5tively8'  
',yes1 sir1 ,i did4'    ',x may be s1' &
 :ile talk+1 ,i turn$ 8 draw+ ar\nd4    
',) :om did y /udy 9 ,g]many8'    ,!    
conv]sation cont9u$--!n look+ at ! model
 :o 0  /&+1 ,i said to him3    ',t is a 
sup]b model ( y\rs2 beautiful =m1 f9e   
color1 is  x n s1 :at ?9k y8'    ',yes1 
sir4'    #feh    ',see n[1 h[ ! light   
inundates ! *e/2 evid5tly t is  ! mo/   
lum9\s "p ( ! body4'    ',yes1 sir4'    
',are y c]ta9 ( x8'    ',yes1 sir4'     
',!n %[ me4'    ',see1' said he %[+ me !
 "p :]e ! light /ruck mo/  =cibly2 'x is
 evid5tly !re1 t ! mo/ brilliant spot is
  f\nd4'    ',i am will+ to believe1 &  
p]ceive ) pleasure1 t to a  skilful h& y
 jo9 a s\nd judgm5t4 ,decid$ly y h a    
delicate p]ception ( ! value ( light &  
%ade2 y w be  able to r5d] me great     
s]vices4 ,let u see n[1 :i* is !  mo/   

lum9\s po9t 9 y\r draw+4'    ,n see+ my 
purpose1 he repli$ ) great naivete t  x 
0 f\nd on ! knee4    ',x is n possible4'
    ',yes1 sir2 p]mit me to obs]ve to y 
t if "o 7 to  comp>e t light to ! o!r   
lights ( ! draw+1 ?is "o  w\ld be f\nd  
to be decid$ly ! brighte/4'    ',v well1
 !n2 :y is y\r light n plac$ z x is 9   
nature8 ,y see v cle>ly t x is f\nd on !
 *e/1 &  y put x on ! knee2 :y n on !   
heel8 ,& y w tell me  t y copy y\r model
 fai?fully6 ,y w all[ me to tell  y t y 
h paid no att5tion to y\r diff]5ces (   
light4  444 ,v well2 "o may easily make 
mi/akes2' & ,i once m  turn$ 8 draw+    
ar\nd4 ',y h great pa9t]s 9 ,g]many4    
,ov]beck1 ,cornelius1 ,kaulba*1 all h   
tal5t ( a high ord]4  444 ,oh6 j see h[1
 at ?is mom5t1 ! model is well light$2  
:at brightness2 :at vigor 9 ! %ad[s6    
,see t hair2 x is  l velvet1 & ! %ad[s (
 ! head1 h[ transp>5t &  /rong2 x rem9ds
 "o ( ,titian2 d y n ?9k s8 !  crisp+   
hair1 matt$2 ! blood ris+ to ! head & ! 
?roat2 all ?is is spl5did 9 color1 & is 

( f> great]  importance ?an all ! re/4  
,:at ?9k y8 ,suppose we turn  y\r draw+ 
to see if y h r5d]$ ! effect we h j  be5
 admir+4 ,let u see6 ,:y1 x is s+ul>2 y 
h  =gott5 t too6'    ',yes1 sir4 ,i see 
x n[4'    ',y see y\r head is colorless1
 & gives ! idea1 (  papi]-ma*e2 y h !   
same fault 9 y\r %ad[s z 9 y\r  lights4 
444 ,9 y\r "w y comp>$ no?+2 absorb$ by 
details1 y saw !m only2 draw+ small     
p>ts1 y =got !  re/1 & w5t on bl9dly4'  
444444         ,occupations ,( ,a ,"y   
,arti/       ,outside ,( ,8 ,art4    ',y
 "k x n[2 y are to draw morn+1 noon1 &  
night2 y  h to b$aub a great _m         
canvases1 to use up a great _m  colors1 
& t = a long "t4 ,^! ex]cises1 ^!       
gymna/ics n be+ v fatigu+1 y c make good
 use (  ?is p]iod1 to improve y\r m9d ) 
read+ good books2 !  old classics1 & our
 ,fr5* classics too1 x is well to /udy4 
,b = y1 arti/1 !re are c]ta9 au?ors :i* 
,i wi% to  po9t out to y1 & :i* y w f9d 
( great use4 ,hom]1  ,virgil1           
,%akespe>e1 ,molire1 ,c]vantes1         

,r\sseau1 ,b]n>d9 de  ,sa9te ,pi]re4    
,9 ! fir/ ?ree1 y w f9d gr& lessons1    
useful to y\r  art4 ,hom] gives u       
primitive simplicity2 ,virgil1 rhy?m2   
,%akespe>e1 passion4 ,molire1 too1 w    
make y und]/& h[  y may ally f9e        
language1 beauty ( =m1 to ! expression (
  tru?4    #fei    ,read a great deal2  
absorb mu*2 y are "y1 y w f9d  dige/ion 
easy4    ,keep good company1 & frequ5t  
especially ! society ( "y  m5 already   
advanc$ 9 art4    ,above all1 bew>e (   
want+ to appe> m ?an y really are2      
bew>e especially ( us+ ! s5tim5ts (     
o!rs1 in/ead (  y\r own2 !re is ru92    
!re1 is d>kness4 ,d>e to be y\rself3    
!re is light4 ,be truly ,*ri/ian2 s(t5  
y\r he>t2 above all1  be humble2 9 ! art
 ( pa9t+1 humility is y\r greate/       
/r5g?4      444444    ,be+ prep>$ by    
excell5t read+1 give y\r /udies a good  
direction4 ,be c>eful to avoid ugl9ess4 
,y %\ld always c>ry ab\t ) y a small    
sket*-book1 &  da% 91 ) a few l9es1 !   
beauties :i* impress y2 any  /rik+      

effects1 natural poses1 etc4 ,d n =get  
to make  y\rself ant1 bee2 "w           
indefatigably1 & make = y\rself1 z  soon
 z possible1 a treasure-h\se (          
abundance4 ,ex]cise  y\rself e>ly 9     
composition1 b always ) elem5ts ga!r$  f
 y\r own exp]i5ce4    ,=m ! habit (     
absolute tru?4 4444    ,notice h[ 9 !   
=ego+ admirable passages1 ! au?or       
inculcates ! _s ( tru?1 z ! fundam5tal  
pr9ciple (  all art4 ,?is has prov$ !   
secret ( 8 own success2 8  hone/1 *ild-l
 fai? 9 nature1 & 8 simple e>ne/ness 9  
copy+ x1 are noticeable 9 all 8 works4  
,x w\ld be well if  our "y arti/s took  
?is lesson to he>t4 ,we h tal5t 9  our  
c\ntry1 great tal5t ev52 b x has no /amp
 (  individuality2 x imitates1 x is half
 afraid ( be+ orig9al1  !re=e x /ops    
%ort ( greatness4 ,?is p]haps is ! case 
) o!r ?+s beside pa9t+1 & plausible     
excuses are to  be f\nd = x2 we are a "y
 nation1 compos$ ( het]og5e\s  elem5ts2 
?is is true1 b we %all n ?or\ghly comm& 
!  respect ( ! nations1 & take our prop]

 place among !m1  until1 z !y say ( "y  
folks1 our "* is m =m$4  ,!n we %all see
 m e>ne/ tru?fulness 9 ev]y?+4 ,art  w  
take %ape & consi/5cy1 & we %all he> p  
talk (  ! ,am]ican s*ool z an e/abli%$  
fact1 l ^? ( ,france1  ,belgium1 ,engl&1
 etc4 ,?is exposition ye> has naturally 
be5  "o ( comp>ison4 ,x is a gr& ?\ght  
to h all ! s*ools  br\ght toge!r1 to    
compete = sup]iority4 ,our place 9 !    
huge build+ is a small "o1 & ?\gh !re   
are clev]  pictures 9 ! ,am]ican art    
dep>tm5t1 yet we %all h to  make imm5se 
progress1 be=e we conqu] a place by !   
side (  ! ,fr5* & ,belgians4 ,b our "t w
 come1 ,i feel  confid5t4    ,b ,i mu/  
int]rupt my patriotic prophecies1 & let 
y enjoy1  z ,i did1 ?is anecdote (      
,brang]4 ,i select x f o!rs1 =  ,i ?\ght
 x w\ld be int]e/+1 bo? z giv+ an       
insight into  ! arti/'s !ory1 & z af=d+ 
a life-l glimpse ( a  great poet4       
,c\ture relates x  propos to 8 rem>ks on
  portrait-pa9t+2 ( ! necessity "u :i* !
 arti/  labors1 ( be+ two m5 9 "o2 (    

amus+1 enliv5+ 8  sitt]1 ( br++ out 8   
be/ expression1 s t ! light (  ! inn]   
man may %9e ?r\gh ! features2 & at !    
same  "t ( be+ ! arti/1 wat*ful1 eag]1  
e>ne/1 ) 8 m9d  int5t on 8 "w2 cat*+ !  
gleams ( intellig5ce he  evokes1 &      
transfix+ !m to ! canvas4    ,!re are b 
few :o possess ?is quality4    #ffj     
,brang]4    ,i 0 urg$ to pa9t a portrait
 ( ,brang]4 ,?is ,i did n c>e  to d4 ,i 
_h a great admiration = 8 tal5t & = 8   
"*2 ,i fe>$ t see+ him1 becom+ acqua9t$ 
) 8  p]son1 might l[] ! ideal ,i _h =m$ 
( him4 444    ,at la/ a *>m+ lett] f    
,madame ,s&1 :i* 0 to s]ve  z an        
introduction1 decides me2 ,i />t1 & soon
 f9d myself 9  ,rue d',enf]4    ,i ask !
 conci]ge = ,m4 ,brang]4 ',! "r-h&      
/aircase1 !re1 9 ! c\rt4' ,i direct my  
/eps t[>d said  /aircase1 asc5d2 be=e   
long ,i am /opp$ by a door2 ,i4 knock4  
,%uffl+ /eps are he>d1 an old man       
appe>s1 wrapp$ 9 a gray  dress+-g[n made
 ( "s common /uff4    ',m4 ,brang]8'    
',i am he4'    ,:ile answ]+1 he held 8  

door tight1 leav+ b a small  op5+4      
',:at d y want8'    ,x w\ld h be5 easy  
to pres5t my lett] ( introduction2  b ,i
 _h _h ! evil ?\ght to keep x4 ,x 0 a   
preci\s  autograph1 sign$ ) a v         
celebrat$ "n4 ,9 x1 x is true1  ,i 0    
judg$ 9 t]ms f> too flatt]+1 b "o       
will+ly  abides by su* k9dly            
exag]ations4 ,9 x too1 my favorite poet 
0 spok5 (--! temptation 0 too /rong to  
be resi/$4 ,i  began to expiate my      
fault2 ,i /amm]$ a few words2 ,i %[$ !  
pap] & crayon :i* ,i _h br\ght ) :i* to 
make my  draw+1 = x 0 necess>y to add   
action to words1 s ho/ile  0 ! aspect ( 
! great man 444 alas6 my defeat 0       
complete1  ! door 0 clos+4 444    ',no  
sir1' he said1 'x is disagreeable to me2
 !re are _m  portraits ( me3 among !    
numb] "s are excell5t2 make use (  ^!   
portraits1 & leave me 9 peace4'    ,once
 m ! door seem$ on ! po9t ( be+ %ut2 all
 0  lo/4    ',well1 ,m4 ,brang]1 ,i only
 get :at ,i des]ve1 = ,i h be5  guilty (
 a bad action2 ,i 0 to h giv5 y a lett]2

 ,i kept  x4 ,i ?\ght1 s great 0 my     
vanity1 t ,i c\ld pres5t  myself )\t its
 aid1 & commit ?is petty !ft4 ,i am     
puni%$1 & x is b j4'    ,i turn$ to g1  
cov]$ ) confusion & %ame2 ! door  op5s4 
',:at is y\r "n8'    ,i turn$ to answ]  
him4    ',my "n is ,c\ture4'    ',y are 
n ,c\ture :o pa9t$ ! ,dcad5ce des       
,roma9s6'    ',yes1 sir4'    ,i felt    
myself seiz$ by my wai/coat1 pull$ 9    
viol5tly1 !n  ,i he>d ! t]rible door    
close b ?is "t ,i 0 inside1  pu%$ up    
aga9/ ! wall ( ! entry4    ',y ,c\ture8 
is x possible8 y s "y2 :y1 :at 0 ,i     
ab\t to d--,i 0 go+ to %ut ! door 9 y\r 
face6'    ',x 0 already done1 ,m4       
,brang]4'    ',b don't y "k t ,i adore  
y8 don't y "k t x is  "o ( ! dreams ( my
 old age to h my portrait by y8 d ,i    
cons5t to sit8 :y1 ,i am entirely at y\r
 disposition6'    ,!n1 tak+ me by ! h&1 
he pres5t$ me to 8 v5]able  wife1 say+3 
',?is is ,c\ture1 & ,i 0 on ! po9t (    
s5d+ him ab\t  8 bus9ess4'    ,i 0      
deeply t\*$ by ?is reception4 ,:5 we 7  

bo?  some:at calm$1 ,i told him t ,i    
c\ld make ! draw+ at 8  h\se1 t ,i _h   
br\ght all t 0 necess>y1 & t ,i  %\ld be
 happy to sp>e him ! tr\ble ( com+ to   
me4  #ffa  ,he w\ld li/5 to no?+1 put   
himself entirely at my s]vice1  insi/$ t
 ,i %\ld "n my own day & h\r2 & at !    
appo9t$ day & h\r1 he 0 at my room4     
,x 0 no small affair1 = an old man to   
come all ! way f  ! ,rue d',enf] to !   
,b>rire ,blan*e1 :]e ,i !n resid$4 ,he  
0 v tir$1 & said to me ) a b5evol5t     
smile3    ',de> *ild1 = any o!r b y4 444
 ,b come1 :]e %all ,i  place myself8 :at
 if ,i 7 to take a little nap8--= ,i h  
come a v long way4'    ,i pull$ up an   
arm-*air2 he sat d[n1 & soon fell       
asleep4 444    ,i walk$ ab\t my         
pa9t+-room on tiptoe1 = fe> ( wak+  him2
 !n ,i came ne> him to exam9e him z he  
slept4 ,he _h a  va/ bra92 by its size1 
by its =m1 x 0 easy to guess !          
greatness ( ! m9d4 ,! l[] "p ( ! face1  
h[ev]1  seem$ out ( h>mony ) ! upp]4 444
    ,my task 0 becom+ difficult2 to     

rema9 true to simple  reality1 to give  
to ! public ! image ( an intellig5ce 9  
its decl9e1 0 n :at ,i wi%$4 ,:at %\ld  
,i d8 ,i 0  mak+ ^! reflections :5 he   
woke4 ,i look$ at him = "s  "t fix$ly1 &
 ,i saw 8 eyelids lift !mselves "o aft] 
!  o!r1 & !n fall aga9 ov] 8 eyes4 444  
,h[ev]1 let u n despair2 let u try2 444 
?is 0 my me?od4    ',monsieur de        
,brang]1 are y acqua9t$ ) t new air     
compos$ = y\r ,vieux ,caporal8'         
',no1' said he1 '"s fell[s came to s+ x 
to me2 !re 7  sev]al ( !m2 !y said !y _h
 br\ght a piano 9 a  c>riage4 ,z ,i *ose
 my airs myself1 & ,i d\bt :e!r o!rs  c 
*oose bett] ?an ,i1 ,i d n wi% to       
enc\rage ^!  encroa*m5ts on my "w4      
,!re=e ,i refus$ to receive !m4'        
',oh6 ,i "k h[ y refuse l favors6 ,well1
 all[ me to tell  y t y 7 9 ! wrong1 = !
 air compos$ = !  ?+ seems to me m      
dramatic ?an ! "o y *ose2 s9ce          
circum/ances are favorable to x1 & t x  
ne$ n di/urb  y1 ,i w s+ y ! ,vieux     
,caporal4' ,& ,i sang4    ',yes1 y are  

"r1 x is v well2 s+ me ! second v]se4   
444 ,:y1 x is *>m+2 s+ x all to me2 ,i l
 to he> y  s+4'    ,at ! end ( ! song1 8
 face _h *ang$ its "*2 8  eyelids 7     
su/a9$1 & let me see 8 bright eyes1 :i* 
seem$ to be ! light ( t f9e m9d4 ,i kept
 him 9 ?is  atmosph]e :i* made him "y   
aga92 ,i made him live 9 !  pa/2 ,i     
spoke to him ( ,manuel1 8 fri5d4 ,ah6   
!n1 x 0 a  v]itable resurrection4 ,we 7 
!n 9 #ahej1 b ?r\gh !  en*antm5t (      
memory1 he return$ to ! /ruggles ( !    
,re/oration ( #ahbj1 ?irty ye>s'        
diff]5ce2 well1 ,i saw !m  disappe> z by
 magic4 ,i saw ?is g5ius revive6 ,he    
w\ld get up1  walk ab\t1 come back to 8 
seat1 speak+ ( !m1 ( ! two  hundr$ &    
tw5ty-"o1 z ?\gh !y 7 /ill !re2 !  arr[s
 ( ,*>les ,x41 ! aim rea*$1 ! plaudits (
 !  cr[ds--he seem$ to he> x all4       
,brang] 0 be=e me4 ,all ,i  _h to d 0 to
 copy4 444    ,i h n be5 able to resi/ !
 temptation ( relat+ an  anecdote1      
d\btless too flatt]+ = me2 b on         
reflection1 ,i  h be5 s torm5t$ by      

fools1 t x is excusable 9 me to  take   
com=t 9 ! praises ( a great m9d4    ,n[ 
let u turn once m to "s ( 8 practical   
in/ructions4  ,( color he speaks ?us3   
#ffb    ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t he :o       
reproduces color exactly is a  colori/4 
,l ! true draughtsman1 ! true colori/   
purifies1  embelli%es4    ,if he is a   
true arti/1 he w br+ 9 8 color+ all !   
laws ( art3 ,discrim9ation1 developm5t1 
idealization4    ,i _c help ?9k+ ( our  
critics :o1 9 _! innoc5ce1  always make 
%>ply def9$ divisions ( colori/s &      
draughtsm52 be+ p]suad$ t a draughtsman 
_c be a  colori/1 & t a colori/ c nev]  
be a draughtsman4 ,!y  c>ry ?is s f> t  
:5 a picture seems to !m dete/able 9    
color1 !y feel compell$ to f9d great    
qualities ( draw+ 9  x2 b if1 on !      
contr>y1 a "w is pres5t$1 )             
inconte/able beauties ( draw+1 x is     
necess>y1 & y w  nev] be able to conv9ce
 !m ( ! contr>y1 t ! picture  %\ld be   
want+ 9 color4    ,!y d n "k t all is 9 
all1 & t ! value (  execution 9 a       

picture is 9 j proportion ) its         
conception4    ,) great arti/s1 !re is a
 c]ta9 *oice1 an impulse t[>d  a        
p>ticul> beauty :i* captivates !m2 l    
real lov]s1 !y  sacrifice e ?+ to _!    
passion2 b1 und]/& x well2  sacrifice is
 n ab&onm5t4    ,) great ma/]s1 su* z   
,raphael1 ,p\ss91 ! abs5ce (  color+ is 
a volunt>y surr5d]2 besides1 !y h a     
color+  peculi> to !mselves1 & ( a      
sup]ior ord]4 444    ,n[1 let u turn    
t[>d ! colori/s4 ,rub5s pres5ts himself 
z _! k+2 b k+ ?\gh he be1 he is n !     
equal (  ,raphael1 :o is a v]itable     
angel4    ,9 _! compositions1 ,c\ture   
w\ld h 8 disciples foll[  nature1 & !   
in/9cts ( _! own he>ts4 ,he wages w>    
aga9/ :at he calls dead art1 z se5 9 !  
works ( c]ta9  ,fr5* arti/s :o tri$ to  
imitate ! ,greeks exclusively4 ,z he    
/rongly expresses x1 !y dis9t]r$ a dead 
body1 &  galvaniz$ x to give x !        
appe>ance ( life4 ,he w\ld h  ! pleas+  
sc5es ( common life repres5t$ &         
spiritualiz$2  nature1 9 h] dewy1 morn+ 

aspect1 /udi$ & lov$4 ,he says  to !m3  
,be ,fr5*1 be patriotic1 be ( y\r own   
times2 create a  /rong1 heal?y1 mod]n   
s*ool2 d n imitate ! ,greeks2 become  _!
 equals4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght f ?is t !    
antique  is n appreciat$2 on ! contr>y1 
! "y arti/ is urg$1  aft] he has become 
comp>atively skill$ 9 draw+--n  be=e--to
 /udy ! antique v s]i\sly1 & to take x z
  ! inv>iable basis ( all 8 works4 ,b   
:at ,c\ture urges  pr9cipally is        
orig9ality & tru?fulness4 ,:ile press+ !
  e>ne/ /udy ( nature1 he says3         
,love1 t is ! great secret2 love        
enlight5s4 ,we are (t5  surpris$ at !   
t5d]ness ( p>5ts = _! *ildr51 & at  !   
qualities :i* !y see 9 !m4 ,we ?9k !y   
are mi/ak51  :]eas x is we :o are       
mi/ak54 444    ,read a book ) b little  
att5tion2 look ov] ! fir/ few  pages2   
skip tw5ty pages1 !n =ty2 ha/5 to !     
conclusion at  once4 ,:at pleasure w y  
f9d 9 su* read+8 ,y w\ld  c]ta9ly n h ! 
audacity to judge ( t "w2 y w\ld  surely
 wait until y 7 m famili> ) x4 ,b n[1   

:51  ) a good w1 y read page by page1 ! 
"w captivates y1  & y leave x only :5 x 
is f9i%$2 !n y say ?is "w  is admirable6
    ,x w be ! same ) nature1 if y read x
 page by page4    #ffc    ,i d n ?9k ,i 
am mi/ak5 :5 ,i say t we are on ! eve  (
 see+ ,fr5* high art spr+ into life4 ,i 
see gu>antees (  x 9 ! return ( our "y  
arti/s to nature2 !y are1 if ,i  may s  
express myself1 at ! fir/ /age ( t road 
:i*  leads to ! highe/ beauties4        
,some:]e ab\t ! middle ( 8 book1 our    
orig9al au?or /ops  = a famili> *at1    
betwe5 ! acts1 z he calls x b1  aft] a  
few pages1 ! conv]sation gets m s]i\s   
aga91 &  he gives a critique1 or p]haps1
 m prop]ly speak+1 an  essay1 on v>i\s  
arti/s4 ,aft] w&]+ 9 ! sixte5?  c5tury )
 ,jean ,g\jon--?r\gh ! m$ium ( a        
m>vell\sly  le>n$ coa*man--he comes back
 to mod]n times1 & speaks (  ,+res1     
,delacroix1 & ,decamps4 ,x is n my      
prov9ce to "q  8 op9ion ( ^! arti/s2 my 
task is to give y a correct  idea ( 8   
mann] ( do+ s2 !re=e1 leav+ ! critic to 

be criticis$ by 8 bro!r arti/s1 :i* is  
pretty sure to  happ51 ,i *oose 8 essay 
on ! la/ nam$1 ,decamps1 =  translation4
 ,x gives a good idea ( 8 /yle1 & 9 x he
 has  put away 8 sev]ity1 & indulges 9  
g5u9e admiration1 :i*  is c]ta9ly       
pleasant] to li/5 to4                   
,decamps4    ,let u n[ turn t[>d !      
light1 t[>d ! sun%9e2 let u  speak (    
,decamps--t abridgm5t ( all picturesque 
qualities4    ,9 ! grasp ( 8 g5ius1 he  
comprises ev]y?+2 he makes  himself !   
e*o ( all4    ,8 pictures speak to me ( 
,salvator1 ,t5i]s1 ,p\ss91 ,titian1     
,rembr&t1 ,phidias 4444 !y tell ! /ory (
 our _w3  infancy1 old age1 pov]ty1     
sumptu\s weal?1 w> 9 all its  horrors1  
smil+ hills & dales1 %ady villas4 ,"h1 !
  intimacy ( ! home-circle1 !re !       
tempe/s ( !  imag9ation4 ,! ,%akespe>e (
 pa9t]s1 he translates  ev]y?+ into an  
adorable language ( 8 own2 he rem9ds "o 
( ! ma/]s1 )\t copy+ !m2 he s+s ( nature
 &  exalts x2 ev]y?+ ) him becomes      
lovable1 *>m+1 or  t]rible2 a m]e no?+1 

a simple knife on a table1 pa9t$ by  ?is
 m>vell\s g5ius1 w awak5 9 "o's m9d1 a  
:ole poem2  less /ill1 a simple l9e1 a  
da% ( 8 p5cil1 is en*ant+4    ,i _h !   
happ9ess ( see+ ?is great arti/2 he 0 v 
simple4 ,liv+ pr9cipally 9 ! c\ntry1 8  
dress 0 t (  a some:at c>eless          
sportsman2 he 0 r bel[ ! m$ium  height2 
8 head _h great delicacy ( outl9e1 & 0 (
 r  a n]v\s "*2 he 0 fair2 our s\s /amp$
 ) !  effigy ( ,napoleon ,,iii41 :5     
some:at worn1 rem9d "o  /rik+ly (       
,decamps4 ,he 0 usually suppos$ to be a 
great  sportsman2 b ,i1 :o knew him1 &  
obs]v$ him ) !  att5tion :i* my         
admiration ( him inspir$1 notic$ t 8    
hunt+ 0 a m]e pretext4 ,i w\ld (t5 see  
him /op 9 a  pla91 lift 8 gun1 take aim2
 "o expect$ an explosion2 n at  all2    
aft] a %ort pause1 he w\ld replace ! gun
 on 8  %\ld]1 & g on 8 way1 to recomm5ce
 ! same game a little  lat]4 ,he ne>ly  
always return$ ) an empty game-bag to ! 
inn ( ! ',great ,conqu]or1' 9 ! little  
village ( ,v]b]ie2  !re he w\ld take an 

old acc\nt-book1 :i* he us$ z an  album1
 & ) :atev] he happ5$ to f9d1 he w\ld   
retrace  ! effects :i* he _h obs]v$ dur+
 8 pauses4 ,i _h  sev]al ( ^! preci\s   
pages 9 my possession1 b1  un=tunately =
 me1 !y 7 /ol54    #ffd    ,i rememb]   
also1 t :5 we 7 conv]s+1 aft] ! ev5+    
repa/1 he w\ld roll little balls ( bread
 9 8 f+]s1 !n1  ) pieces ( mat*es1 :i*  
he add$ to 8 pa/e1 knead$ 9 a  peculi>  
mann]1 he w\ld fa%ion *>m+ little       
figures4 ,i  rememb]1 9 p>ticul>1 a     
hunt] foll[$ by 8 dog2 ! man  seem$     
weigh$ d[n by ! game he c>ri$2 ! tir$   
dog  foll[$ 8 ma/] ) droop+ e>s4 ,x 0   
*>m+3 ?is  extraord9>y arti/ gave life  
to ev]y?+ he t\*$4    ,he 0 fond ( pa9t+
 9 ! /udios ( 8 bro!r arti/s4  ,x 0 at !
 room ( a mutual fri5d t ,i saw him make
 !  prep>ation ( 8 beautiful picture1   
,*eveaux de ,hallage1 :i*  is n[ at !   
,l\vre4 ,8 sket* 0 r$di%1 solidly mass$ 
92  he us$ a great deal ( br[n1 r$1 &   
burnt si5na 9 8  prep>ations4    ,he    
made a draw+ be=e me1 "o day4 ,! mo/    

adorable ass's  head sprang into life f 
"u 8 f+]s4 ,z soon z "o (  ! creature's 
e>s 0 ab&on$ by ! arti/1 x seem$ to     
quiv] ) impati5ce at hav+ be5 re/ra9$2  
all appe>$ by  degrees1 progressively & 
completely =m$4 ,i saw 9 _!  ord] (     
succession1 a real head1 a real neck1 a 
real body  cov]$ ) its r\gh5$ hair2 !   
good creature seem$ to h  a "n1 a real  
"*2 "o might h writt5 its hi/ory4    ,i 
h be5 talk+ ( 8 amusem5ts2 b :5 he      
attempt$  high] productions1 :51 =      
example1 he creat$ 8 ',bataille  des    
,cimbres'--,i speak ( ! l>ge draw+1 t 9 
:i* an  enorm\s *>iot is dragg$ by      
ox5--:at en]gy6 :at gr&eur6  ,^? m5     
live2 "o %>es _! ardor1 or _! fe>s2 "o  
wants  to help1 to pu%1 to save ! wom5 &
 *ildr54 ,see !m  yond]3 !y come1 !y    
cru% ev]y?+ t comes 9 _! way4  ,:at a   
=midable mass6 cl\ds ( du/ arise f "u _!
  horses' ho(s1 & g to jo9 ! cl\ds 9 !  
heav5s1 :i*  are num]\s1 & arm$ =       
combat1 l ! soldi]s t cov]  ! e>?4 ,& up
 yond]1 d y see8 ,no4 ,:]e8 ,!re2 no1   

/ill  high] 444 t cl\d ( rav5s 444 !y   
await ! end ( ! day  ( slaught]4    ,x  
is no long] a draw+2 x is no long] a    
pa9t+2 x is an  animat$ _w :i* appe>s z 
by magic1 trans=m$ into  wondr\s m>ble1 
gild$ by ! sun ( ,greece4 ,"o looks1    
admires2  "o comes back to x _m times1  
)\t ev] tir+2 "o leaves  s beautiful a  
?+ ) regret1 to dream ( x at night6     
,i %\ld l to be able to talk to y ( 8   
,joseph1 (  ,sampson1 ( ! ,caf ,turc1 ( 
! ,s+es ,cuis9i]s1 ( !  ,supplice des   
,cro*ets1 & ( all 8 o!r wond]s2 b t     
w\ld lead me too f>2 s1 regretfully1 ,i 
/op4    ,decamps 0 ( an organization r>e
 9 ! art ( pa9t+2 he  _h ! p[] ( giv+ ! 
qualities ( greatness to small          
pictures4 ,"o might cite ! small works (
 ,rub5s & ,rembr&t1  & ev5 ( ! great    
,italian pa9t]s2 b all ^! g5iuses  seem$
 to gr[ less 9 proportion to ! re/rict$ 
dim5sions (  _! canvases4 ,b ,decamps is
 z great 9 8 small pictures z  9 8 m    
important works4    ,i might hesitate to
 pron\nce myself = or aga9/ c]ta9       

arti/s4 ,b1 z = ?is "o1 ,i ma9ta9 t he w
 always  keep a high place 9 ! art (    
pa9t+4      444444    #ffe    ,9 ! =ego+
 selections ,i h endeavor$ to give "s   
idea  ( ! au?or's mann]2 ( 8 vigor1 8   
cle>ness1 8  orig9ality4 ,) all its     
irregul>ity1 ?is book is1 ,i feel  sure1
 de/9$ to take an important place 9     
art-lit]ature4 ,z a  h&book ( pa9t+1 x  
is mo/ useful1 & ,i tru/ soon to see  a 
cle>1 tru?ful translation make x famili>
 to our ,am]ican  public4 ,i %\ld l x to
 be 9 ! h&s ( e art-/ud5t4    ,good     
advice1 critiques on v>i\s arti/s1      
critiques on !  s*ools1 famili> *it-*at1
 occasional rev]ies on nature1 full  (  
poetry1 anecdotes--all ?r[n toge!r ) a  
c]ta9  picturesque confusion1 w>m f !   
au?or's he>t & bra93  su* is ?is book4  
,x is a mirror ( ! man4 ,c\ture talks z 
he  writes1 & writes z he talks2 if o!r 
m]its are d5i$ x1 x  c]ta9ly has t (    
p]fect s9c]ity1 & surely1 9 ^!  days (  
artificiality1 t is a great *>m2 s great
 a *>m  inde$1 t _m beside arti/s w\ld  

f9d pleasure 9 read+  x4 ,& n[1 tru/+ t 
,i h said en\gh to ar\se "s  curiosity &
 int]e/ 9 ?is "w1 ,i w let ! au?or say  
8                    ,f>ewell6    ,i h  
animat$ y\r c\rage2 y\r sympa?y1 ,i     
feel1 increases  my /r5g?2 ,i h )9 me   
:at x is well to possess--hope4  ,%all  
,i live to see true ,fr5* art born into 
?is _w8 444 ,i  see x com+4 ,ah6 h[     
happy y are to be "y6 ,ev]y?+  ann\nces 
x to me1 ?is art ( :i* ,i dream$2 !     
indiff]5ce  ( ! public = t :i* exi/s is 
a good sign2 :y1 inde$1  %\ld x1 s full 
( life1 feel an int]e/ 9 ?is pa9t+1     
issu$ f ! grave8    ,look ar\nd y1 &    
produce pictures4 ,z = me1 ,i h  foll[$ 
! ord] ( nature2 ,i h plant$ 9 y ! good 
se$  ( tru?2 ,i d\bt n b t x w g]m9ate4 
,by simplify+  ! means1 by %ield+       
y\rself f ! emb>rassm5t (               
complications1 y w d a useful und]gr\nd 
burr[+4 ,:5  ! "y %oot spr+s f ! e>?1   
cov] x ) a  protect+ mantle2 ?is %elt]1 
?is protection1 ?is tutor1  mu/ be y\r  
in/9ct4 ,gr[1 become /rong1 cov] y\rself

 )  leaves & fruits1 & give refre%m5t & 
%ade4    --------    #fff               
,magas2 or1 ,long ,ago4        ,a ,tale 
,( ,! ,e>ly ,times4                     
,*apt] ,i4    ,yes1 long ago1 ab\t ! ye>
 ( grace #ee1 t is1 ab\t f\r  ye>s aft] 
! great apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles _h prea*$ at
  ,a!ns1 a small b evid5tly a select b& 
( wor%ipp]s 0  p\r+ =? f a small temple 
on ! banks ( ! ,illissus1  situat$ b a  
%ort di/ance f t r5[n$ city4 ,?is       
temple 0 d$icat$ to ! sacr$ n9e :o      
preside ov] art1  sci5ce1 music1 poetry1
 & danc+4 ,!re _h be5 a special  fe/ival
 t day1 & num]\s pleas+ exhibitions _h  
be5  br\ght be=e ! gratifi$ audi5ce4 ,! 
my/ic dance ( !  sacr$ si/]hood _h      
typifi$ mo/ gracefully ! h>mony &  union
 t reign among ! muses2 & peace presid+1
  %[$ t "u h] mild rule alone1 !        
h>monies ( e>?  c\ld "w _! glori\s      
mission to civilize & *e] !  droop+ he>t
 ( man4 ,no sacrifice ( blood 0 "h      
admitt$1  b music1 *oral song1 &        
recitation2 poems1 plays1 &  oratorical 

displays2 tableaux & dances1 symboliz$  
alike !  wor%ip r5d]$1 & ! honor due to 
! *a/e & favor$  n9e4 ,!re=e 0 x1 t !   
audi5ce 0 s select4 ,!  populace1 :i* at
 t "t consi/$ ma9ly ( slaves1 7 =  ! mo/
 "p too co>se & unref9$ to appreciate ! 
high]  bran*es ( ! muses' lore1 :i* 7   
to-day br\ght =w>d3  ! games ( !        
,saturnalia & ! my/]ies ( ,cybele 7 m  9
 accordance ) _! ta/e1 &1 save ! few    
slaves :o  att5d$ on _! ma/]s z a matt] 
( /ate1 or = ! sake  ( fa%ion1 !        
spectators 7 ( a dignifi$ & ref9$       
aspect4    ,! games or exhibitions 7    
ab\t to close2 a solemn dance           
accompani$ by song _h proclaim$ !       
b5efits to e>?1 :i*  ! sacr$ n9e        
occasion$ by _! peaceful rule2 & ! la/  
/rophe ran to ! effect3      ,"h no     
/rifes mu/ w>m ! ve9s2      ,= ! muses' 
si/] b&    ,comes to light5 e>?ly *a9s1 
,comes to greet y h& 9 h&3    ,sci5ce   
light5s up ! l&      ,:]e ! muses'      
sceptre rules1    ,skilful art in/ructs 
! h&1      ,/rife is bani%$ f _! s*ools4

        ,*orus3 ,*oral si/]s1 int]tw9e1 
,s+ ! praise ( muses high2              
,= ! muses are div9e2                   
,swell ! an!m to ! sky4    ,! song _h   
ceas$ :5 sudd5ly1 z ! audi5ce rose1 ?9k+
  ! p]=mance conclud$1 a ?rill+ sweep ( 
a lyre unse5  arre/$ _! /eps2 & a voice 
sweet] & cle>] ?an any  he>d be=e sang  
out ^! words3      ,! muse6 a my?6 is   
pass$ away1      ,) e>?ly types ( ?+s   
unse53    ',twas b a cl\d--refract+ ray1
      ,roll+ ! hidd5 _w betwe5    ,&    
man's aspir+ pant+ s\l6      ,man's     
s\l's div9e1 & ye>ns to clasp    7,fre$ 
f ! yoke ( e>?'s control7      ,t tru?1 
b :i* eludes ! grasp    ,:ile veil$ 9   
my?ic =ms unreal6      ,awake6 ! day-/> 
is aris56    ,no m %all error's veil    
conceal      ,! lu/r\s1 brilliant1 light
 ( heav51    ,n[ /ream+1 glory to imp>t 
,to vivify ea* human he>t4    ,! cr[d   
:i* _h sudd5ly paus$1 n[ wond]$1 & turn$
 to  e side to look = ! s+]3 9 va92 !   
own] ( t  spl5did voice 0 n to be se51  
any m ?an ! play] on  ! silv]-ton$ lute4

    #ffg    ,a /range influ5ce _h pass$ 
ov] ! ?rong1 unaw>es3 x 0  hu%$1 aw$1   
mesm]iz$ z x 7 into ano!r /ate (  feel+4
 ,exultation _h pass$ away2 bewild]m5t1 
que/ion+  foll[$4 ,:at did x mean8 my?6 
tru?6 glory6 0 x  philosophy8 0 x       
poetry8 or did an oracle speak8 ,man's  
s\l  div9e6 t 0 ,platonism2 b ,plato's  
s*ool1 at its height  "s f\r hundr$ ye>s
 previ\s1 0 n[ at a disc\nt4 ,_m  sects 
discuss$ & disput$3 b tru?8 ,tru? seem$ 
z f> (f  z ev]2 or r x seem$ a play?+ or
 a some?+ :i* m5  us$ to %>p5 _! wits   
on1 t !y might display _!  argum5tative 
skill1 9 ! intellectual ar5a2 b =       
practical  conclusions1 = a real rule ( 
life1 :i* might be us$ z an  e-day      
necessity1 pooh6 ?is 0 n to be ?\ght (6 
,! ,grecian _w1 su* ( x z 0 free1 t is1 
n actually  enslav$1 n actually held z  
ano!r man's *attel1 0  speculative &    
fond ( discussion1 b x does n appe> t   
^! discussions did mu* 9 =w>d+ !        
progress ( tru?  among ! majority ( !   
population2 = t majority  7             

slaves--slaves1 held = ! mo/ "p 9       
bondage ( m9d z  well z ( body4 ,!      
dignity ( manhood among ^! 0 unkn[n2  & 
! purity1 beauty1 & lovel9ess ( woman 7 
sacrific$  remorselessly to tyranny ( ! 
vile/ description4 ,we c b  %udd] z we  
recall do+s ev5 9 ! palmie/ days (      
,grecian  fre$om1 ov] :i* mode/y compels
 ! hi/orian to ca/ a veil2  = ,grecian  
fre$om ev5 !n meant fre$om to ! few2  ! 
work]s1 ! toil+ multitude 7             
slaves--slaves :o1 :5  _! numb]s        
increas$ s z to al>m _! ma/]s1 might be 
sacrific$ en masse1 z 0 too (t5 ! case4 
,!y 7  slaves n only 9 body1 b 9        
intellig5ce1 = x 0 deem$  dang]\s to    
develop m9d4 ,plato himself _h be5 ( ?is
  op9ion1 giv+ z 8 reason1 ,le/ !y %\ld 
le>n to  resi/4    ,philosophy 0 made = 
! few1 = ! free only1 because only  !   
free c\ld c>ry out 9 practice ! tru?s ( 
!  s\l's div9ity :i* philosophy po9t$   
to4    ,! words :i* ! poet ,lucan puts  
into ! m\? ( ,caes>1 _h  long be5 act$  
^u ev5 by ! wise & good ( ! pagan  _w1  

?\gh !y d>$ n s op5ly express x4        
,humanum  paucis vivit g5us4 7,lucan4   
,ph>47 ,! human race exi/s  b = ! few4  
,! work]s1 7t is1 ! slaves17 9 o!r      
words1 ! majority1 7 utt]ly incapable ( 
be+ b5efit$ by  ! tea*+s ( ! sages (    
anci5t ,greece1 n only by  position1 b 9
 consequ5ce ( ! dulness ( intellect :i* 
! long ma9t5ance ( t position _h        
occasion$4 ,poetry &  philosophy        
condemn$ !m z be+s ( an inf]ior ord]4   
,hom]  says 9 8 ,odys4 #ag1 t ,jupit]   
has depriv$ slaves ( half  _! m9d2 & 9  
,plato we f9d ! foll[+3 ,x is said t  9 
! m9d ( slaves !re is no?+ s\nd or      
complete2 &  t a prud5t man ought n to  
tru/ t class ( p]sons4 ,!  consequ5ce ( 
?is tea*+ 01 t !y 7 held to be a  mean  
race1 little elevat$ above ! brute1 &   
born = !  conv5i5ce ( _! ma/]s1 &       
subject to _! caprices2 s  ! wor%ip ( ! 
muses 01 to !m1 ) r>e  exceptions1 a ?+ 
out ( ! "q4 ,^! r>e exceptions  did1    
h[ev]1 exi/1 & produc$ anomal\s         
positions n  always fruitful 9 morality4

    #ffh    ,! congregation ( wor%ipp]s 
issu+ f ! temple ( !  muses 0 !n compos$
 almo/ entirely ( ! free1  al?\gh "s few
 ( ! slaves att5d$ _! ma/]s =  purposes 
( /ate or /yle4 ,among ! ?rong 7 ?ree "y
  nobles ?us att5d$2 &1 z !y issu$ f !  
edifice1 !y  made _! way to a grove 9 ! 
re>1 to :i* only a privileg$  few _h    
access1 & /ation+ _! att5dants )9 call1 
yet  at "s little di/ance1 !y /ret*$    
!mselves 9 ! %ade1  & began to discuss !
 adv5ture4 ,_! names 7 ,magas1          
,critias1 & ,pi]us4    ,! voice 0       
heav5ly1 said ,critias1 & ! music       
faultless2  b :o c\ld be ! play]1 :o !  
s+]8    ,nay1 surely ! div9e ,eut]pe1   
aid$ by ! equally div9e  ,erato1 said   
,pi]us2 :o b a muse c\ld ?us conceal    
h]self8    ,b1 int]pos$ ,magas1 y =get t
 ! muse w\ld n  prophesy h] own ov]?r[4 
,! words we he>d to-day port5d$  t !    
wor%ip 0 to be supplant$ by ano!r ( a   
high]  k9d2 x pron\nc$ ! muse 'a my?1' a
 type ( some?+  unse51 unreal 9 h]self1 
b po9t+ to a reality4 ,n[1 :at  c ?is   

be8    ,i "k n1 said ,critias1 unless x 
is also a revelation to  make kn[n !    
unkn[n1 z t /range man said :o prea*$   
"h "s f\r or five ye>s ago2 8 words made
 an impression on  me :i* haunts me     
/ill4    ,:at man8 :at did he say8 ask$ 
,pi]us4    ,8 "n 0 ,paul1 said ,critias4
 ,he 0 a small man2 a ,jew (  ,t>sus1   
7?9k ( a ,jew pret5d+ to philosophy67   
,he came "h  & prea*$ at fir/ 9 !       
/reets2 !n he 0 br\ght to !  ,areopagus2
 my fa!r 0 "o ( ! c\ncil1 & he took me )
  him to he> :at ! new man w\ld say4 ,! 
place 0 ?rong$1  b mo/ ( ! fa!rs took ! 
matt] lightly en\gh4 ,!  impression he  
made 0 on ! l[ly1 ! slaves4 ,!y took 8  
words to he>t & pond]$ !m4 ,i h caught  
"s ( !m at times repeat+ !m to ea* o!r1 
z if !y  7 oracles4 ,8 !ory seems made =
 !m especially4    ,b :at good w x d !m8
 ask$ ,pi]us4    ,or him :o d>es fom5t  
s$ition among !m8 broke 9 ,magas4  ,he &
 o!rs ( 8 ilk _h bett] bew>e4 ,i rememb]
 some?+  ( ! circum/ance s9ce y m5tion  
x1 b my fa!r ?\ght  x an attempt to     

raise an insurrection among ! slaves4 ,!
  prea*] did well to take himself (f4   
,i d n see any h>m he c\ld d1 said      
,critias4    ,h>m6 answ]$ ,magas4 ,h>m6 
,epicurean t y are1 w y  nev] see h>m   
till y he> ! h\se is on fire8 ,i tell y 
!re is h>m2 he prea*es 'equality' to    
slaves1 & :at good  c come ( t8    ,:at 
h>m1 r8 ,! poor v>lets "k x = a fact t  
!y  are n ! equals ( _! ma/]s4 ,!y are n
 equal2 no1  !y are n equal1 said ,magas
 vehem5tly2 & !y mu/ nev]  be p]mitt$ to
 ?9k !y are4 ,_! numb]s might give      
tr\ble  to u if !y imbib$ su* an idea1  
:ile to !m x c\ld be (  no real s]vice4 
,!y h muscle1 b n intellect4 ,set !m    
free1 !y w\ld soon be at logg]heads     
among !mselves4    ,intellectual        
greatness1 said ,critias1 is r>e ev5    
among  freem52 b "s slaves h manife/$ t 
!re is no  defici5cy 9 t respect4       
#ffi    ,"s r>e exceptions1 p]haps1 b t 
proves no?+4  ,ari/otle says1 & truly3  
',! woman & ! slave are  di/+ui%$ by    
nature h]self4'    ,yes1 said ,pi]us1 ,i

 rememb] ! passage4 ,he says1 ',if we   
comp>e man to woman1 we f9d t ! fir/ is 
sup]ior1  !re=e he comm&s2 ! woman is   
inf]ior1 !re=e %e  obeys4 ,! same ?+    
ought to take place among all m54 ,?us x
  is t ^? among !m :o are z inf]ior )   
respect to  o!rs z ! body is ) respect  
to ! s\l1 & ! animal to  man2 ^? ^: p[]s
 pr9cipally consi/ 9 ! use ( !  body1 7!
 only s]vice t c be obta9$ f !m17 !y are
  naturally slaves4'    ,!re c be no    
d\bt ab\t x1 said ,magas4 ,! v bodies ( 
! slaves are diff]5t f ours2 !y are     
/rong1 muscul>1  & fitt$ = labor2 ours  
are slimm]1 m ref9$1 m  s5sitive4    ,i 
_c see h[ y c build any argum5t on t1   
said  ,critias2 y\r gr& philosoph]1 ev5 
:ile he ass]ts a  diff]5t con=mation (  
body to exi/ betwe5 ! freeman &  !      
slave1 admits t x sometimes happ5s t to 
a freeman is  giv5 ! body ( a slave1 &  
to a slave ! s\l ( a freeman4  ,i h (t5 
f\nd x s4 ,i "k "s v despicable citiz5s2
  & ,i h f\nd "s noble s5tim5ts 9       
slaves4    ,s5tim5ts1 said ,magas2 :at  

bus9ess h slaves )  s5tim5ts8           
,critias laugh$1 & said1 ,slaves h      
s5tim5t1 & memory1  & reflection2 by ^: 
p]mission ,i d n "k2 b h[ are  y to get 
rid ( x8 ,t is ! "q4    ,!y mu/ be kept 
9 _! place & made to "w1 said ,magas4   
,b1 said ,pi]us1 we are los+ sight ( !  
"q z to  :at ! la/ s+] int5d$ to convey4
 ,:o d y ?9k x  08    ,"s foll[] ( !    
,jew ,paul2 ,i "k no o!r sect :o w\ld   
d>e call ! muse a my?4    ,i w\ld give  
some?+ to "k :at ! ,jewi% fell[ did say2
  d y rememb]8 ask$ ,pi]us4    ,i ?9k ,i
 c summon "s "o :o does4 ,& ,critias    
call$  al\d to a slave1 :o drew ne>4    
,m]ion1 d y rememb] ! ,jew prea*]8    ,i
 d1 mo/ honor$ ma/]4    ,d y rememb] :at
 he said8    ,i h 8 words by he>t1 ma/]1
 repli$ ! slave4    ,by he>t6 mutt]$    
,magas1 by ,jove2 b1 y did wor%ip  !    
fell[6    ,well1 rejo9$ ,critias1 & :at 
did he say8    ,! man address$ 0 a      
gray-head$1 /olid-look+ p]son2 8        
intellig5ce on common matt]s 0 n deem$  
great2 he 01  h[ev]1 e/eem$ fai?ful1    

tru/wor?y1 & affectionate4 ,a  sudd5 gl[
 light$ up 8 features1 z 8 ma/] spoke to
 him1  & he became animat$ ) an         
expression t puzzl$ 8  he>]s3 he /ood   
=?1 ?rew out 8 "r arm1 &1 9 !  attitude 
( an orator impress$ ) ! dignity &      
importance  ( ! subject1 deliv]$ ^w = ^w
 ! spee* made by !  great apo/le ( !    
,g5tiles 9 ! hall ( ! ,areopagus4    ,my
 ma/]s1 said ! slave1 :5 ! prea*] ,paul 
0 br\ght  to ! c\rt ( ! ,areopagites1 & 
que/ion$ conc]n+ !  new doctr9e he 0    
giv+ out to m51 he /ood 9 ! mid/ (      
,m>s' ,hill & said3    ',ye m5 ( ,a!ns1 
,i p]ceive t1 9 all ?+s1 ye are too     
sup]/iti\s2 = z ,i pass$ by1 & beheld   
y\r devotions1 ,i  beheld an alt> ) ?is 
inscription1 ,to ! unkn[n ,god2 :om     
!re=e ye ignorantly wor%ip1 him decl>e  
,i unto y4  #fgj  ,god t made ! _w & all
 ?+s !re91 see+ he is ,"l  ( heav5 &    
e>?1 dwelle? n 9 temples made ) h&s2    
nei!r is wor%ipp$ ) m5's h&s1 z ?\gh he 
ne$$  any?+1 see+ he give? to all life &
 brea?1 & all  ?+s2 & ha? made ( ,,"o   

,,blood all nations ( m5 = to  dwell on 
all ! face ( ! e>?2 & ha? det]m9$ !     
times  appo9t$1 & ! b\nds ( _!          
habitations2 t !y %\ld  seek ! ,"l1 if  
haply !y might feel aft] him1 & f9d him2
  ?\gh he be n f> f e "o ( u4 ,= 9 him  
we live1  & move1 & h our be+2 z c]ta9  
also ( y\r own poets  h said1 ,= we are 
also 8 (fspr+4'    ,/op1 said ,magas2   
:]e did y f9d t writt58    ,x 0 n       
writt51 noble sir2 x 0 said1 return$ !  
slave4    ,said6 five ye>s ago1 & y     
repeat x n[1 ^w = ^w l  a task1 said    
,magas2 did y he> x m ?an once8    ,yes1
 sir2 "s :o c write1 took x d[n1 & read 
x to me  m ?an once4    ,y _c read8     
,i _c4    ,magas fr[n$ & rose to 8 feet4
 ,a dang]\s doctr9e = our  slaves to h  
by he>t1 he mutt]$2 !n turn+ to 8       
companions he said1 ,s5d ! v>lets home2 
let u h our talk  to ourselves4    ,at a
 sign f ! ma/]s1 ! s]vitors left !      
premises1 &  ,magas resum$3 ,d y leave t
 slave at l>ge1 ,critias1 )  su* a      
doctr9e z t 9 8 bosom8    ,& :y n8 ask$ 

,critias2 poor1 h>mless old ,m]ion1 !   
unwe>i$ att5dant on my fa!r's           
infirmities2 8 place c\ld  n be suppli$ 
9 our h\sehold = 8 weight 9 gold4    ,y 
did n weigh t spee* !n2 did n obs]ve its
  t5d5cies8    ,well1 yes1 x is pretty  
poetry en\gh1 rhapsodical en\gh1 b1  l  
all rhapsody1 h>mless4    ,h>mless6 ,did
 y wat* ! o!r slaves z ! old man light$ 
up2 z he said3 ',all mank9d 7 ( "o      
blood1 all !  (fspr+ ( ,god1' ma/] z    
well z slave6 ,i am  sure ^! v>lets     
und]/ood x s4 ,su* tea*+ z t mu/  k9dle 
fire 9 m5's he>ts1 mu/ eng5d] rebellion4
 ,t "o  slave1 z y see1 has got t & m by
 he>t2 d y ?9k  x has no effect on him8 
,no bad effect1 at lea/2 he is a good & 
fai?ful s]vant4    ,no bad effect6 :y1  
man1 d y n see t if our slaves once     
believe !y are ( "o blood ) _! ma/]s1 t 
!y are  equally ! (fspr+ ( ,god1 !y w   
arise & ass]t _!  dignity8 ,!n :o w d ! 
"w8    ,y are tr\bl+ y\rself v          
unnecess>ily1 my de> ,magas2  !re is no 
slave 9 our h\sehold :o works s well or 

s  fai?fully z ,m]ion4    ,he's b bid+ 8
 "t1 said ,magas2 take c>e4 ,! man t1   
be+ unlett]$1 got t doctr9e by he>t1 did
 s because  he *]i%$ x1 made mu* ( x2 he
 has /udi$ its  mean+1 dep5d ^u x2 & !  
mean+ to him mu/ be fre$om4    ,y did n 
he> him out1 said ,critias2 he believes 
9 a  judgm5t aft] dea?1 :i* %all "r !   
wrongs ( e>?2 !  foll[]s ( ?is ,jew h ! 
odde/ ways 9 ! _w4 ,y "k  ! ,lady       
,dam>is8    ,magas nodd$ ass5t4    #fga 
,well1 rejo9$ ,critias1 ,i h he>d h]    
ass]t t '"w'  has a sanctify+ t5d5cy1   
:atev] t means2 & !y say %e  takes pa9s 
to in/ruct h] slaves 9 ?is s+ul>        
philosophy2  %e (t5 works ) !m1 & treats
 !m z if !y 7 poor  relations %e 0 b\nd 
to see well provid$ =4 ,/range6 isn't   
x8    ,/range en\gh1 said ,magas1 b m   
dang]\s ?an /range4  ,! woman mu/ be    
look$ to4    ,nay1 leave h] to regulate 
h] own h\sehold1 said ,critias1  laugh+3
 if y want to make w>1 try y\r skill )  
m54  ,!re's ,dionysius1 :o des]t$ !     
,areopagus soon aft] t  prea*] 0 "h2 he 

has fre$ "s ( 8 slaves1 taught o!rs  to 
read1 & tea*es ?is new philosophy to    
all4    ,! man mu/ be craz$1 said       
,magas2 ^! /range notions mu/  end by   
revolutioniz+ society if !y are all[$ to
 get to a  head4 ,!y mu/ be put a /op   
to4 ,:om %all we h to "w =  u1 :5 !     
slave ?9ks himself z good z 8 ma/]8     
,we w "w = ourselves !n1 said ,critias4 
,& p]haps  t w\ld n be s v h>d1 aft]    
all4 ,9 ! e>ly days (  ! republic1 our  
=efa!rs till$ _! own fields2 !y 7       
p]haps z happy z we are n[4    ,are y   
also t\*$ ) ?is mania8 ask$ ,magas1     
/amp+ 8  foot fi]cely4 ,i say ! slaves  
are ours by "r ( conque/2  &1 = ! glory 
( my ance/ral race1 ,i'll keep my feet  
^u  _! necks4    ,z ! ,roman keeps 8    
foot on ours1 eh1 ,magas8 ,c\ld we r\se 
! slaves to noble de$s1 ?r\gh ! work+ ( 
noble ?\ghts1  we might free our c\ntry 
yet4    ,magas look$ gloomi] yet4       
,come n ^u t /ra91 said he2 we _c       
ov]rule fate6  ,ha6 :at 0 t8    ',twas a
 sweep ( ! same lute1 a silv] *ord (    

melody t  caught 8 e>4 ,brea?lessly !   
trio li/5$1 & soon ^!  words peal$ =?3  
,he comes6 ,he comes 9 cl\ds ( glory6   
,ha/e1 oh6 ha/e to meet ?y ,god6        
,angels1 hymn ! ?rill+ /ory1      ,h[ on
 e>? 8 foot/eps trod2    ,h[ ^?         
foot/eps1 fa9t & we>y1      ,track$ ?y  
pa?1 ?y s\l to save4    ,quit1 oh6 quit 
s9's pa?1 s dre>y1      ,plunge !e 9 !  
sav+ waves4    ,ransom$ is ?y s\l = ev]1
      ,ransom$ by 8 preci\s blood1      
,if b n[ f s9 ?\ sev]1      ,cleans$ 9 !
 r$eem+ flood4    ,ha/e6 oh ha/e6 he    
comes to save !e1      ,!n no m let s9  
enslave !e6    ',tis ! same voice6 ,:y  
did ,magas turn pale z he said s8 ,!    
trio sep>at$ to se>* ! glades1 ! bu%es1 
! ?ickets2  e nook & corn] 0 prob$ 9    
va94 ,! muse1 m5tor1  g5ius1 or _s1     
:atev] x might be1 0 n to be f\nd4      
,*apt] ,,ii4    ,*ione6    ,magas6    ,h
 ,i f\nd !e at la/8    ,alas6    ,*ione 
cov]$ h] face ) h] h&s1 h] bosom heav$1 
te>s  trickl$ ?r\gh h] f+]s2 x 0 no     
gladsome greet+ t  %e be/[$ on h] lov]1 

yet x 0 %e :o _h s\ght ?is  int]view1 or
 r _h giv5 opportunity = x1 ev5 :ile    
pret5d+ to hide h]self1 & to %un ! meet+
 %e s\ght4    ,a :ole ye> h y be5       
invisible1 my ,*ione2 a :ole ye>  h ,i  
s\ght y 9 va92 &1 n[ t we meet1 y d n   
?r[ y\r-self into my arms = v joy2 y    
turn away1 &  y\r eyes are fill$ ) te>s6
    ,alas6    ,y are n glad to see me1  
,*ione2 y h lo/ y\r love =  me6    #fgb 
,oh6 w\ld x 7 s1 ,magas6 w\ld t ! sight 
( y did n  move me ?us2 w\ld ,i _h nev] 
kn[n y6 ,leave me1 ,magas6    ,leave y  
n[ :51 aft] a ye>'s se>*1 ,i h f\nd y6  
,leave y6 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is alt]$   
tone8 ,are y no  long] ,*ione8 ,am ,i n 
,magas8    ,x is true1 said ,*ione1 9 a 
v l[ voice2 x is true ,i am  ! slave    
,*ione4    ,! slave6 ,o ,*ione6 h ,i n  
promis$ y fre$om if y b  return my love8
 ,la/ ye> did ,i n bid y become to me   
:at  ,aspasia 0 to ,p]icles--my oracle1 
my inspir]1 my div9ity6 &  y left me2 & 
n[ t y\r gl[+ *>ms h become endu$  ev5 )
 a high] lu/re2 t y\r voice c at w      

enk9dle  ea* noble emotion :ile x ?rills
 ! s\l ) ec/asy1 n[  y\r empire ov] me  
is all b ov]p[]+4    ,yet y did n       
recognize me :5 ,i sang 9 ! temple a    
week  ago4    ,n at fir/2 ! !me 0 s     
/range2 x tr\bl$ me4 ,b at  ! fir/ tone 
utt]$ 9 ! grove ,i knew y2 ,i felt t y1 
& y only1 c\ld cause su* a ?rill z !n   
agitat$ my :ole  be+4 ,o ,*ione6 y 7 ev]
 to me z ! t5? muse4 ,say :at  has caus$
 y\r abs5ce8    ,did y he$ ! words ( !  
la/ hymn8    ,no1 no4 ,h[ %\ld ,i8 ,i   
knew ! voice1 ! voice ( my own  ,*ione1 
:o _h s long & s my/]i\sly disappe>$1 & 
,i  li/5$ 9 ! hope ( discov]+ h]        
retreat4 ,i se>*$1 b  se>*$ 9 va92 yet  
,i felt sure x 0 to me %e sang4 ,n[ tell
  me truly1 did y n recognize me &      
address y\rself to me8    ,_h y he>d !  
words1 y w\ld n h ask$ t  "q4    ,b ,i  
did n he> !m4 ,ev5 ( ! fir/ ,i he>d no?+
  di/9ctly1 or at lea/1 no?+ t ,i c\ld  
und]/&2 ( !  la/1 n a ^w2 only ! tones1 
! tones ( my ,*ione1  s++ z ( yore to   
en*ant me2 x s\nd$ l a wail =  o!r days2

 a promise1 p]haps1 = happi] ones to    
come4    ,x 0 nei!r2 x 0 an invitation  
to a high] life6    ,a high] life6 ,yes1
 a life ( love ) !e1 my ,*ione4 ,a life 
( t sublime love :]e ,cupid does honor  
to ! muses1 &  becomes himself ! inspir]
 ( sacr$ song4 ,yes1 ?\ wilt n  d5y x1  
?\gh1 = ^! eight days pa/1 ?\ ha/ kept  
me on  ! se>* = !e4 ,?\ sawe/ me 9 !    
temple1 & to me 7  ?y songs direct$4 ,i 
am sure ( x2 = ! s]v+ maid5s  assur$ me 
'twas a full ye> s9ce ?\ had/ ?yself    
m9i/]$  !re1 & none _h se5 !e s9ce save 
! daught] ( !  philosoph] ( ! day1 save 
,lotis only6 ,%e ackn[l$g$ !  lute      
accompanim5t1 & t x 0 ?y voice x        
accompani$4    ,! traitress6    ,nay1 %e
 0 h>d press$2 %e c\ld sc>cely avoid !  
av[al4  ,b n[1 cease ?is dally+ &       
confess ! tru?3 0 n ?y  song = me8    ,b
 ,*ione answ]$ no m4 ,p]haps %e 0 ask+ t
 "q  ( h] own he>t1 & c\ld n answ] x4   
,%e leant aga9/ a  tree 9 ! grove 9 :i* 
!y 7 /&+ & sobb$  bitt]ly1 b no reply   
issu$ f h] lips4 ,at ?is juncture a     

/ately p]sonage approa*$1 :om ,magas    
p]ceiv+1 salut$ )  ! respect due to 8   
evid5t dignity4 ,*ione1 ) h] veil  ga!r$
 ar\nd h]1 _h h] features turn$ t[>d !  
tree1 h]  agitation betray+ itself1     
h[ev]1 by slight convulsions ( h]       
frame4  #fgc  ,! /rang] paus$1 & look$ f
 "o to ! o!r4 ,magas 0  evid5tly a      
/rang] to him2 b :51 surpris$ at ! sudd5
  sil5ce1 ! maid5 = an in/ant *ang$ h]  
po/ure1 & !  /rang] utt]$1 9 amazem5t1 !
 "n ,*ione1 %e />t$1  gaz$ di/ract$ly1  
&1 9 an in/ant1 fl$ f ! spot l  an arr[ 
%ot f a b[1 s swiftly did %e disappe>4  
,magas w\ld h foll[$2 b ! /rang]1 speak+
 9 a  c\rte\s tone1 yet ) an au?ority he
 d>$ n disobey1  inquir$3 ,is t "y      
damsel ( y\r k9dr$1 my son8    ,n s1 my 
"l1 said ,magas2 ,i knew h] a ye> ago1  
:5 %e  m9i/]$ 9 ! temple ( ! muses4 ,h] 
ravi%+ voice !n  enk9dl$ all he>ts2 b %e
 disappe>$ sudd5ly1 & to-day ,i  fir/   
enc\nt] h] aft] a long abs5ce4    ,%e is
 a slave1 z p]haps y "k already4    ,%e 
w\ld adorn a diadem1 fi]cely rejo9$     

,magas4    ,i see h[ x is1 s(tly rejo9$ 
! eld] man2 bew>e1 my  son2 set n y\r   
he>t on "o beyond y\r rea*4 ,gold _c    
pur*ase ,*ione4 ,y w f9d o!rs z fair1   
o!rs :o w  s]ve y m readily 9 t v temple
 f :i* ,*ione has  be5 tak54 ,pursue n  
"o :o belongs to ano!r ma/]4    ,:o is  
h] ma/] n[8 ask$ ,magas impetu\sly4     
,y mu/ =give me = n answ]+ y1 repli$ !  
sage2  9 y\r pres5t humor1 x w\ld b br+ 
disord] to !  /ate4    ,"o ^w1 said     
,magas1 spr++ =w>d s z to prev5t !  old 
man f dep>t+2 "o ^w ,is x y\rself8    ,x
 is n1 my son1 repli$ ! o!r g5tly1 z1   
slightly  pu%+ by ! "y man1 he left him 
) a pass+ salute4    ,magas rema9$ root$
 to ! spot1 knitt+ 8 br[s &  gna%+ 8    
tee? ) vexation4 ,s ne> ! goal ( all my 
hopes1 & s sudd5ly foil$2 b ,i w f9d h] 
yet2 & if  gold w buy h]1 well6 if n1   
:y1 o!r means mu/ be tri$4      444444  
,x is no long] a grove yield+ its       
pleasant %ades 9 ! sunny  light ( !     
beautiful climate ( ,greece2 x is no    
long] !  impassion$ tone ( ,magas p\r+ !

 honey$ tones ( flatt]+  love into h]   
e>2 ! slave is at ! feet ( h] mi/ress1 9
  ! wom5's ap>tm5t ( a small b elegantly
 adorn$ dwell+  ne> unto ! city1 & aga9 
%e is ba!d 9 te>s4 ,yet !  voice 9 :i*  
%e is address$ is m sorr[ful ?an angry2 
!  tones are r ^? ( a griev+ "m ?an ( an
 enrag$  mi/ress4 ,b !re 0 a decision1 a
 firmness 9 ! voice t  told ! lady 0 n  
to be trifl$ )4    ,:at is ?is ,i he> ( 
!e1 my poor *ild8    ,=give me1 de>e/   
lady1 =give me1 ,lady ,dam>is4    ,x is 
n a "q ( p]sonal (f5ce1 my ,*ione2 ?\   
ha/  injur$ ?yself1 n me4 ,a ye> ago1 ?\
 did/ put on ,*ri/1  & v[ allegiance to 
! "o true ,god4 ,wilt ?\ n[ =sake  him1 
to foll[ ?y own passion8    ,i h n =sak5
 ,*ri/6 ,i w nev]1 nev] =sake him4      
,no8 !n :y dally ) ! tempt]8 :y seek    
aga9 :at ?\  ha/ once abjur$8 ,:5 our   
holy bi%op rescu$ !e f !  s]vice ( !    
pagan alt>s1 at ?9e own e>ne/ entreaty1 
&  br\ght !e "h1 to s]ve ! ,"l ,jesus1  
did/ ?\ n  r5\nce paganism1 its vices1  
its crimes1 its sweets z  well z its    

bitt]s8    ,i r5\nce !m /ill4    #fgd   
,& yet ?\ goe/ to a pagan temple1 to    
attract ! notice ( a  "y pagan noble1 ! 
enemy ( our fai?6    ,i w5t n = t       
purpose1 madam1 ?\gh x end$ s4 ,i w5t   
to see ,lotis1 z ,i told y2 %e 0 seek+  
in/ruction f me  z ( yore2 y are aw>e %e
 0 my pupil 9 music4    ,& y gave x h]1 
by caus+ h] to help y attract y\r  =m]  
admir]2 fie6 ,*ione1 y\r tale hangs n   
well toge!r4    ,lady1 believe me1 ,i   
knew n ( ! pres5ce ( ,magas1 until ,i   
saw him !re2 ,i 0 n ?9k+ ( him1 until he
 /ood beside  ! pill> )9 :i* ,i 0       
conceal$4 ,x 0 on a sudd5  impulse t ,i 
act$4 ,lotis 0 beside me ) h] lute2 we 7
  bo? effectually conceal$ )9 "o ( ^?   
holl[1 vault$  recesses us$ = emitt+ ! m
 my/]i\s s\nds ( !  deities1 & :i* are  
kn[n to s few t ,i felt myself d\bly    
secure1 :5 ! sight ( him :o c\ld n see  
me caus$ a ru%  ( blood to my head2 ,i  
gave ,lotis a signal1 :i* %e obey$1 z   
?9k+1 p]haps1 ,i _h aga9 a "p 9 !       
p]=mance z ,i  us$ to h1 & ,i sang1 n ( 

! muse1 save z a ?+ ( !  pa/4    ,i "k y
 _c believe 9 paganism aga91 ,*ione1    
said !  lady solemnly2 x is n y\r head t
 is likely to be  misl$1 at lea/ n 9 !  
fir/ in/ance4 ,i fe> y\r  passions1 n   
y\r und]/&+4 ,! ru% ( blood 01  me?9ks1 
to y\r he>t1 r ?an to y\r head4         
,lady1 ,i love my religion1 or ,i %\ld n
 h desir$ to leave  ! temple2 ,i 0      
honor$ !re4    ,yes1 ,*ione2 & "h y are 
n honor$ 9 a way t flatt]s  y\r         
self-love2 & t is :y1 aft] a ye> (      
trial1 y seek  ! flatt]y ( ,magas1 r ?an
 ! unimpassion$ love ( y\r  ,*ri/ian    
fri5ds4 ,yet _! love is less selfi%1 m  
s9c]e4    ,x is cold1 cold1 mutt]$      
,*ione4 ,al\d %e said1 ,madam1 ,i  d>e  
assure y1 my fai? is z vivid n[ z x 0 a 
ye> ago4    ,my poor *ild6 said ! lady1 
lay+ h] h& ^u ,*ione's  head1 g =       
to-night2 ano!r day1 we w resume !      
subject4  ,y are "u ! influ5ce ( passion
 at ?is mom5t2 y "k  nei!r y\r own /r5g?
 nor y\r own weakness2 y sc>cely  "k :at
 y believe1 :at y d\bt4 ,y\r passions   

are  awak5$1 y\r self-love ar\s$1 &     
p]haps w\nd$4 ,^! mu/  be subdu$2 n by !
 ex]cise ( ! und]/&+1  :i* is p[]less   
aga9/ su* =midable enemies2 b by  fai?1 
:i* is ! ex]cise ( ! he>t 9 ,god2  = ) !
 he>t man believe? unto ju/ice4         
,footnote #eh ,if1  z y say1 y\r fai? is
 z vivid n[ z x 0 a ye> ago1 g  &       
ex]cise x 9 pray]1 & ,i too w pray ) y1 
my poor  *ild1 t our he>ts may be       
fa%ion$ aft] ! patt]n %[n  u 9 ! m\nt4  
,footnote #eh3 ,rom4 x4 #aj4    ,poor   
,*ione6 ! t5? muse6 ) e pulse palpitat+ 
to !  inspirations ( poetical & musical 
g5ius--a g5ius :i* 9  h] pant$ =        
expression1 & n\ri%$ itself at ! %r9e ( 
self-love4 ,poor ,*ione6 br$ an orphan 9
 ! temple ( !  muses2 gift$ ) m ?an     
ord9>y p[]s ( m9d1 :i* _h  be5 cultivat$
 ev5 by ! resid5ce :i* _h be5 h]s f     
infancy2 end[$ ) grace1 beauty1 &       
intellig5ce2 fo/]$  by ! praises (      
,magas1 :o1 f be+ ! patron ( !          
beautiful & int]e/+ *ild1 _h become !   
admir] ( !  /ill & ev] increas+         

lovel9ess ( ! maid54  #fge  ,poor       
,*ione6 ,! tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity unfold$  
to h] by  ,m]ion1 h] uncle1 also a      
slave1 at a "t :5 h] und]/&+  0 ab\t to 
reject ! mock]ies ( a wor%ip beautiful &
  fanciful inde$1 b su/a9$ by no int]ior
 p[]1 appeal+ to  no /&>d on :i* %e c\ld
 rely unhesitat+ly1 _h tak5  hold ( h]  
imag9ation1 _h captivat$ h] by _!       
beauty1  _! coh]5ce1 _! consi/5cy4 ,!y 7
 ! realization (  h] fonde/ dreams1 !   
fill+ up ( ! mo/ beautiful pictures  t  
h] fancy _h ev] pa9t$2 !y 7 a logical   
appeal to  h] und]/&+2 & because !y 7   
all ^!1 %e adopt$  !m1 n beg9n+ to      
compreh5d ! int]ior _s1 n  fa?om+ ev5 to
 ! fir/ degree1 ! my/]y ( ! cross1  t   
/umbl+-block to ! ,jews1 & fooli%ness to
 !  ,greeks4 ,footnote #ei ,*ione's     
und]/&+ 0 ,*ri/'s1  & h] imag9ation     
also1 because ! metaphysical            
propositions  ( ! apo/le met h]         
approval1 & ! poetry & imag]y (  ! *ur* 
claim$ h] admiration2 b h] he>t seem$   
/ill unt\*$1 h] ?\ghts /ill c5tr$ 9     

h]self1 h] loves  & h] hatr$s /ill f\nd 
_! s\rce 9 human passion4 ,%e  judg$ all
 ?+s z yet by a m]e outw>d1 human /&>d2 
&  ! tragic sc5es rec\nt$ 9 ! ,gospels b
 mov$ h] 9 !  same mann]1 ?\gh 9 a high]
 degree1 z w\ld a trag$y (  ,sophocles  
or ,euripides4 ,!y excit$ h] feel+s to  
admiration1  nay to adoration2 b = !    
regulation ( ! dispositions (  h] he>t1 
!y 7 n yet br\ght into play4            
,footnote #ei3 ,i ,cor4 i4 #bc4    ,9   
fact1 %e 0 disappo9t$ 9 religion1 al?\gh
 %e did n  confess h] disappo9tm5t ev5  
to h]self4 ,up to ! "t %e  _h become a  
,*ri/ian1 all ?+s _h m9i/]$ to h]       
self-love4 ,:51 yield+ to ! prea*+ (    
,m]ion1 7= su*  x 01 al?\gh address$ to 
s limit$ an audi5ce17 %e _h  bes\ght 8  
int]cession to be remov$ f a place :]e1 
z  h] ye>s increas$1 h] beauty &        
position z a slave expos$  h] to dang]1 
%e _h c\nt$ on be+ appreciat$ by !      
society :i* %e ent]$2 & z %e _h he>d (  
_m slaves  hav+ be5 set free by !       
,*ri/ians on acc\nt ( ! e/eem  9 :i* !y 

7 held1 %e1 fancy+ h]self a v sup]ior   
be+ to ! g5]ality ( slaves1 7h] beauty1 
grace1 & g5ius  hav+ ev] call$ =? su*   
unqualifi$ admiration17 c\ld n  b deem t
 %e %\ld soon be acc\nt$ well wor?y (   
su* an  advantage4 ,:51 !n1 %e f\nd     
h]self at ! age ( sixte51  seclud$ 9 !  
h\sehold ( ! ,lady ,dam>is1 treat$      
k9dly1  b n specially indulg$2 :5 %e saw
 t h] mi/ress1 f>  f deem+ h] a prodigy1
 seem$ to f9d 9 h] s]i\s  fail+s ne$+   
correction1 & t a probation 0 deem$     
necess>y ere all[+ h] to pr(ess ! fai?2 
%e 0 m  hurt ?an %e p]mitt$ to appe>3 & 
! seclusion to :i* %e  _h committ$      
h]self1 :5 reque/+ to be transf]r$ f !  
muses' temple to ! sil5ce & retirem5t   
practis$ by !  h\sehold ( ! ,lady       
,dam>is1 weigh$ ^u h] _s1 = x  gave no  
scope to ! love ( display :i* excit$ h] 
g5ius to  pleasurable expression4 ,h]   
intellectual convictions1 inde$1  rema9$
 un*ang$1 b h] he>t s\ght o!r int]e/s   
?an  ^? ar\nd h]2 & :5 x appe>$ t "o    
aft] ano!r (  ! slaves atta*$ to ! lady 

receiv$ _! fre$om1 accord+  z !y        
demon/rat$ to ! satisfaction ( _!       
mi/ress t  !y 7 likely to make a good   
use ( x1 b t no h9t 0  ev] giv5 to      
h]self t %e might expect a l boon1 %e   
began to wax impati5t1 to tax h] mi/ress
 ) p>tiality1 &  f9ally to raise ! "q   
:e!r %e _h n a "r to free  h]self f     
tyranny4  #fgf  ,tyranny6 ,! only       
re/ra9t ex]cis$ 9 h] reg>d 0 su* z a    
t5d] "m's vigilance w\ld deem necess>y4 
,%e saw n t1  at h] ye>s1 ! protection (
 ! ,lady ,dam>is 0 ! greate/  b5efit ?is
 _w c\ld give h]1 accompani$ z x 0 by   
g5u9e k9dness1 & an e>ne/ desire to     
cultivate h] he>t  & h] und]/&+ 9 ! "r  
direction4    ,fre$om6 ext]ior1 fre$om =
 a girl ( sixte56 ?is became h]  dream  
by night1 h] exclusive idea by day1 & 9 
act+ ^u !  idea1 %e (t5 violat$ ! rules 
! noble & *>itable lady  _h laid d[n = !
 regulation ( h] h\sehold4    ,on an    
occasion ( ?is k9d x 0 t %e _h visit$ ! 
muses' temple1 say+ to h]self t x 0 to  
give in/ruction  to h] =m] companion1   

:om %e s mu* desir$ to meet aga94  ,!re 
! sight ( ,magas _h br\ght back all !   
flatt]ies &  self-exult+ ?\ghts ( =m]   
days4 ,%e _h !n refra9$  f mak+ h]self  
kn[n1 =--a slave6 & ! noble  ,magas6--h]
 he>t revolt$ at ! ?\ght ( :at su* a    
connection mu/ be6 ,a ye> ago %e _h fl$ 
f x2 h] pride  _h su/a9$ h] !n2 %e _h   
call$ x h] virtue4 ,n[ %e  felt ! ne$ ( 
8 praises2 n[ %e long$ = 8 sweet        
flatt]ies2 ! voice ( tru? _h be5 too h>%
 = h]  self-love4 ,%e ne$$ adulation1   
passionate adoration4 ,w\ld  ,magas give
 x h]8 ,%e _h he>d 8 exclamation        
recogniz+ h]  voice3 f h] hid+-place %e 
_h se5 ! zeal ) :i* he  _h s\ght h]2 &  
eight days aft]w>d1 by d9t ( wat*+1  %e 
_h contriv$ to meet him z if by accid5t1
 z we h se52  & :at 0 to be ! result8   
,*apt] ,,iii4    ,*ione1 my niece2 nay1 
my daught] 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 tell me1 =   
pity's sake1 :y d ,i f9d y "h8          
,uncle1 ,i we>y ( ! t$i\s r\t9e ( our   
h\sehold4 ,i come  to woo ! naiads & !  
fauns ( e>ly days1 = a little           

relaxation ( my _s4    ,! naiads & !    
fauns6 ,/range wor%ip = a ,*ri/ian6     
,nay1 uncle1 d n ca/ religion at me =   
ev]4 ,i mean no h>m  by speak+ 9 !      
language ( my *ildhood2 &1 inde$1 ,i ne$
  to recreate my s\l2 my _s is fa9t+    
away amid ! t$ium  ( our ev] immaculate 
h\sehold4    ,:at possible fault c y f9d
 ) ! ,lady ,dam>is8    ,none1 none at   
all1 absolutely none4 ,h ,i n j said %e 
is  immaculate1 faultless8 too p]fect1 9
 fact1 fair z ! moon &  z *a/e2 ay1 & z 
cold too6    ,cold6 ,lady ,dam>is :o has
 sp5t h] =tune 9 reliev+ !  indig5t1 9  
soo?+ ! sorr[s ( ! m\rn]1 9 sett+ free  
! slave4 ,cold6 ,:]e1 !n1 w y f9d ! fire
 ( *>ity8    ,i wi% %e w\ld set me free6
    ,y6 ,are y n too free already6 z    
witness ?is unmaid5ly  /ep ( visit+ ^!  
glades alone & unprotect$8 ,free6 ,are  
y n already z free z is safe = y8 is n !
 ,lady  ,dam>is m a "m ?an a mi/ress to 
y8 ,g to1 y\r labors  are too light1 y\r
 lib]ty too great1 s9ce y "k n h[ to    
make a bett] use ( x4 ,a ,*ri/ian maid5 

%\ld h m  res]ve4    #fgg    ,:at h>m is
 !re 9 sunn+ myself on ! riv]-banks     
a:ile8    ,none1 if t is y\r object1 & t
 alone1 ?\gh ev5  s1 = "o 9 y\r         
condition !re might be dang]4 ,b1       
,*ione1  y d n come "h ei!r to woo !    
naiads or ! fauns1 or to  sun y\rself on
 ! riv]banks4 ,y come "h to meet "o y   
are  b\nd to avoid1 & ,i come to take y 
home aga94    ,by :at "r8    ,ay1 by :at
 "r1 base slave8 ask$ ! voice ( ,magas1 
z he  sudd5ly came ^u ! c\ple4 ,by :at  
"r d>e y to  int]f]e ) ! faire/ muse (  
e>?'s bright temple8 y :o  h sc>cely    
bra9s en\gh to "k :e!r ,apollo /e]s 8   
*>iot f ea/ to we/ or f nor? to s\?4    
,noble sir1 said ,m]ion respectfully1 z 
if unhe$ful ( !  insult+ tone 9 :i* he 0
 address$1 ,i am ?is maid5's  uncle1 &  
seek b to conduct h] to a place (       
safety4    ,i w disp5se ) ?9e (fice1 by 
fulfill+ x myself2 take  ?yself h5ce1 ,i
 say4    ,m]ion look$ at ,*ione1 :o1 )  
an incompreh5sible caprice1  settl$ !   
dispute by rapidly tak+ flight 9 !      

direction (  ! abode ( ! ,lady ,dam>is1 
?us aga9 leav+ ,magas foil$ at  ! mom5t 
he ?\ght himself c]ta9 ( an int]view2 &1
 :at  0 /ill m p]plex+1 leav+ him 9 a   
/ate ( unc]ta9ty  z to :e!r %e desir$ to
 grant him an int]view or o!rwise4  ,he 
turn$ fi]cely ^u ,m]ion3    ,:]e is !   
girl fl[n to8 ,:]e does %e live8    ,i  
_c tell y1 noble sir1 said ! slave1     
turn+ away4    ,= _c1 say w n1 said     
,magas1 arre/+ him4 ,i insi/  on kn[+   
:]e ,*ione lives4    ,y _c "k x f me1   
sir1 said ,m]ion1 break+ away1  :ile    
=tunately "s p]sons appe>+ 9 sight1     
=bade !  noble ,magas f r5ew+ a conte/ )
 ano!r p]son's  s]vant2 & ?us ! fai?ful 
gu>dian ( ,*ione effect$ 8  escape4     
,x 01 h[ev]1 to ! h\se ( ,dionysius he  
betook himself to  consult ) him conc]n+
 ! measures to be tak5 to insure  !     
safety ( 8 wayw>d niece4    ,x 0 a      
difficult matt] = ! le>n$ b simple-he>t$
  bi%op1 kn[n 9 ! city z ,dionysius !   
,areopagite1 to  int]f]e 94 ,! conv]sion
 ( ?is noble-he>t$ prelate _h1  9 8 own 

case1 be5 s s9c]e1 s entire1 x 0        
difficult =  him to compreh5d an        
adhesion giv5 p>tly to ! intellectual1  
p>tly to ! moral be>+s ( ! religion (   
,*ri/1 an  adhesion :i* m resembl$ a    
philosophical adoption ( t5ets1  ?an !  
surr5d] ( ! :ole be+ into ! keep+ ( 8   
div9e ,"l1 su* z he und]/ood to be !    
requirem5t dem&$  ( himself :51 "u !    
tuition ( ! great apo/le1 he _h  le>n$  
to put on ,*ri/4 ,! gospel _h come to   
him1 n 9 ^w  only1 b also 9 p[]1 & 9 !  
,holy ,_s1 & 9 mu*  assurance4 ,footnote
 #fj ,x fill$ 8 s\l1 n only ) its       
intellectual delights1 ) its wondr\s    
solutions ( ! dread  my/]ies ( exi/5ce1 
) its h>moni\s developm5ts &  sublime   
manife/ations1 b ) int]ior light4 ,fai? 
0 to him z1 alas6 x is to s few1 !      
sub/ance ( ?+s  hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s 
n se54 ,footnote #fa ,x  animat$ him    
:olly2 x 0 a "p ( himself2 he c\ld say )
  ! great apo/le 9 v tru?1 ,i live1 yet 
n ,i1 b ,*ri/  live? 9 me2 & ! life :i* 
,i n[ live 9 ! fle% ,i live  by ! fai? (

 ! ,son ( ,god :o lov$ me1 & gave       
himself =  me4 ,footnote #fb            
,footnote #fj3 ,!s4 i4 #e4              
,footnote #fa3 ,heb4 xi4 #a4            
,footnote #fb3 ,gal4 ii4 #bj4    #fgh   
,b ,dionysius 0 ! pa/or ( s\ls2 he d>$ n
 refuse to  come to ! assi/ance ( "o ( 8
 flock1 albeit1 t "o 0  a *ild1 a slave1
 & t ! reque/ = 8 int]f]5ce came  to him
 also f a slave4 ,! true-he>t$ ,m]ion 0 
wor?y (  8 highe/ love2 long s9ce w\ld  
he h r$eem$ him1 &  associat$ him 9 8   
labors ( love1 b t ! slave ev] put  him 
(f1 po9t+ out to him o!rs on :om !      
mat]ial  *a9 weigh$ m heavily1 s t its  
we>]s 7 fa9t+  "u ! burd51 :ile he walk$
 erect4 ,! tru? _h made him  free       
,footnote #fc 9 s\l1 & he 0 n will+ to  
encroa* on  ! limit$ means plac$ at !   
disposal ( ! bi%op by !  fai?ful1 :ile s
 _m ( ! weak] bre?r5 ne$$ help to  su/a9
 _! fa9t+ /eps4 ,besides1 z a slave1    
be>+ 8  own burd51 ,m]ion possess$ a    
great] influ5ce among 8 own  class ?an  
he w\ld h done _h he accept$ ! pur*ase (

 8  lib]ty4 ,! poor & l[ly1 said he to  
,dionysius1 h _m  advantages :i* y 9    
high] /ations wot n (4 ,tru? is n  veil$
 f !m by polit5ess1 or by !             
conv5tionalism (  society2 !y see ?+s z 
!y are1 unmask$1 & view  !mselves also  
by ano!r light ?an t :i* is %$ on !  man
 to :om ev]ybody b[s4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght1 my
 "l1 t  !y ne$ an extraord9>y degree (  
grace1 :o are ?us plac$  above !        
multitude4 ,s9ce our ,"l has decl>$ t x 
is !  'poor :o are bless$1' & he himself
 asks1 ',h[ c ye  believe1 ye :o receive
 honor "o ( ano!r8' ,footnote #fd       
,believe me1 !n1 my k9d fri5d1 !re is a 
great] bless+ 9  a position to :i* no   
worldly honor is atta*$ ?an to o!rs2  at
 lea/ = poor s\ls l m9e1 :o _c claim !  
extraord9>y graces ne$$ to cle> away !  
mi/s :i* obscure  ! light f ! great ones
 ( ?is _w4 ,?us plead$ ,m]ion  aga9/ 8  
own advancem5t1 to :i* ! bi%op repli$3  
,footnote #fc3 ,/4 ,john viii4 #cb4     
,footnote #fd3 ,/4 ,john v4 #dd4    ,x  
is true1 my ,m]ion1 we mu/ all become   

'poor 9 _s1'  giv+ all honor to ,god    
alone1 = ! good t is 9 u1 s9ce  all t   
man has done is to p]v]t 8 gifts4    ,& 
! m wond]ful1 ! m exalt$ ! gifts1 ! m   
!y are p]v]t$4 ,*ione's beauty & tal5t  
are already  turn+ h] away f ! religion 
%e has pr(ess$4    ,nay1 n s bad z t1 my
 ,m]ion4 ,nei!r is x ! beauty or  !     
tal5t t are 9 fault4 ,^! are ,god's     
gifts to ,*ione4 ,x  is ! human         
self-love1 ! self-c5tralization :i*     
craves  homage & admiration1 t are to   
blame4 ,x is ! repetition (  ! primeval 
s91 ! wilful sep>ation ( ! s\l f ,god1 =
  ! sake ( inord9ate gratification4 ,b  
,*ione has wor%ipp$  ,*ri/4 ,%e w see h]
 error & rep5t4    ,w\ld ,i c\ld ?9k s1 
sigh$ ! slave4    ,nay1 n[ x is y :o are
 want+ 9 confid5ce1 my good  fri5d4     
,*ione is ! *ild ( y\r pray]4 ,y begot  
h] 9 !  ,"l1 & ,he w pres]ve h] = y4    
,h[1 is n s pla94 ,may  be1 %e w fall4  
,gifts l h]s too (t5 lack  humility1 &  
humility1 ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ri/ian  "*1 
sometimes ne$s a fall1 9 ord] to produce

 x4 ,fai?  y h already won = h]1 f ,god4
 ,n[ set y\rself to  int]c$e = h] aga91 
to w9 o!r gifts :i* %all r5d]  h] fai?  
available to salvation4 ,ask = h]1      
humility1 at any  price ( suff]+ to     
y\rself or h]4 ,god w grant y\r  pray]1 
be assur$ ( t1 my fri5d4 ,n[1 z to :at  
we c d  = ! ext]ior circum/ance1 let me 
"k y\r wi%es4    #fgi    ,is x possible 
to remove h] f ! pa? ( t ,magas8    ,we 
might try2 ?\gh1 ri* & ard5t z he is1 he
 w\ld be apt  to trace h] to any place  
)9 our p[] to s5d h]4 ,i h  fri5ds at   
,cor9?4 ,%\ld y be satisfi$ to s5d h]   
!re8    ,!y are ,*ri/ians8    ,else ,i  
w\ld n h nam$ !m4 ,b1 reflect1 to none  
is %e  z de> z %e is to y4 ,none w take 
! same int]e/ 9  h]1 wat* ov] h]--    ,b
 %e w be out ( ! way ( ,magas4    ,h]   
p]son w4 ,h[ h] m9d w be affect$1 is    
ano!r  "q4 ,we _c *ange ! affections or 
annihilate desires  by *ange ( place4 ,b
 x %all be z y wi%4    ,w ! ,lady       
,dam>is cons5t8    ,y "k1 full well1 t !
 welf>e ( h] h\sehold1 temporal  &      

et]nal1 is ! object ( t lady's con/ant  
solicitude4  ,%e w agree to any?+ %e    
deems w promote x4      444444    ,*ione
 0 sc>cely surpris$ :5 %e 0 told t %e 0 
to  be s5t to ,cor9?4 ,nay1 to d h]     
ju/ice1 %e 0 n  altoge!r griev$4 ,%e    
knew h] dang]4 ,h] pride &  self-respect
 revolt$ f any degrad+ connection )     
,magas4  ,& :at o!r c\ld %e hope =8     
,nei!r z a slave nor z a  fre$-woman    
c\ld ,magas elevate h] to ! rank ( 8    
wife4 ,he  himself _h propos$ ,aspasia =
 h] model2 b ,aspasia to a  ,*ri/ian    
maid56 ,dazzl+ z 0 ! ideal1 n = a mom5t 
did  ,*ione suff] h]self to believe x   
c\ld be h]s4 ,:y1 !n1 did  %e hov] ar\nd
 h] de/ruction1 z a mo? hov]s ar\nd !   
c&le8 ,:y did h] ?\ghts p]petually dwell
 on ,magas z !  only "o :o und]/ood h]1 
! sole be+ on e>? :o c\ld  appreciate   
h]8 ,:y _h %e endeavor$1 :y did %e /ill 
endeavor1 to attract 8 att5tion ! m t %e
 knew !  burn+ passion :i* fir$ 8       
impetu\s & vehem5t nature8    ,*ione    
felt b too truly ! inw>d conflict ( h]  

s\l4 ,%e  lov$ ,magas4 ,%e c\ld n       
conceal h]self f him if he 7  ne>--c\ld 
n ev5 avoid him4 ,! attraction 0 too    
great4 ,b  at ,cor9? %e c\ld =get him1  
at ,cor9? o!r objects w\ld  occupy h]1  
at ,cor9? %e w\ld aga9 le>n to love     
,*ri/4 ,s  to ,cor9? %e cons5t$ to g1   
mak+ s little opposition to  ! measure1 
t ,m]ion half p]suad$ himself he _h     
ov]rat$  h] weakness4    ,*ione 0       
convey$ away /eal?ily1 9 company ) a    
,*ri/ian  family :o 7 mak+ ! j\rney     
homew>d4 ,days elaps$2 &  ,magas wat*$ 9
 va91 set spies 9 va94 ,*ione 0 n to be 
met )4    ,! girl mu/ be ill1 or        
bewit*$1 said he4 ,?ree  appe>ances1 &  
no?+ he>d ( h]6 ,a :ole ye> s9ce ,i saw 
h] be=e1 & %e s *ang$1 beautifi$1 &     
sil5c$  :5 we met aga96 ,:at c x mean8  
,:at c :at mean1 ,magas1 t y are "h     
talk+ to  y\rself1 & fl++ y\rself ab\t l
 a madman8    ,critias6    ,yes2 x is   
long s9ce we met4 ,:at h y be5 do+ s9ce8
    ,trac+ ! girl :o impos$ ^u u 9 !    
muses' temple4    ,:at6 n =gott5 t yet8 

,no4 ,x 0 sc>cely an adv5ture to be     
=gott51 save by "o  :o c>es = no?+1 l   
y\rself4    ,well1 :at h y discov]$8    
#fhj    ,?is mu*1 at lea/3 ! girl is    
,m]ion's niece4    ,s6 ,!n we may       
suppose h] rhapsodies ref]r$ to ! new   
sect8    ,yes2 & t !y mu/ be look$ to4  
,i wi% y w\ld let me  "q y\r slave      
a:ile4    ,"q all y l2 b ,i w>n y1      
,m]ion is n likely to  answ] y unless he
 likes4    ,!n we c apply ! torture8    
,no6 n to ,m]ion6 no6 ,n on a subject   
:i* int]f]es ) no  "o1 ev5 ?\gh y h     
assum$ x z a cobweb to y\r bra94  ,m]ion
 is a fai?ful s]vant4 ,i cons5t to no   
torture :ile he  cont9ues su*4    ,n if 
y le>n t he is conc]n$ 9 hat*+ a        
conspiracy  aga9/ ! /ate8    ,magas1 ,i 
?9k y are tak+ leave ( y\r s5ses4    ,b 
,magas 0 9 love1 & w\ld nei!r he> reason
 nor be  turn$ away f 8 purpose4 ,m]ion 
w\ld tell him no?+4 ,he  said only t he 
_h n se5 ! girl = _m days1 & t  x 0 n 8 
bus9ess to inquire to :at place %e _h   
be5  s5t4 ,lotis1 ! daught] ( ! pr9cipal

 philosoph] ( !  day1 _h be5 h] frequ5t 
companion 9 e>ly days1 b ( late  _h se5 
h] little1 &1 s9ce ! adv5ture 9 !       
temple1 n  at all4 ,lotis 0 suspect$ to 
"k ! "n ( ,*ione's own]2  b1 if %e did1 
%e kept x to h]self4 ,mon?s pass$2 & !n 
,magas disappe>$ also1 &1 = a :ile1 0 n 
aga9 he>d (  9 ,a!ns4                   
,cont9u$4    --------                   
,philosophy ,n ,always ,va94      ,!re  
are p]sons :o ?9k we err1 & make our    
magaz9e too  heavy by devot+ s l>ge a   
portion ( x to quasi-philosophical      
discussions4 ,all read]s1 we are aw>e1  
are n & ne$ n be  int]e/$ 9 su*         
discussions2 b !re are "s :o want !m1   
value !m1 & pr(it by !m4 ,"o ( our      
contributors has  receiv$ ! foll[+ lett]
 f a di/+ui%$ pr(essor 9 a  ,s\!rn      
univ]sity1 :i* proves t our heavy       
articles are  read by "s1 at lea/1 & h  
s]v$ ! cause ( tru?4                    
,octob] #bf1 #ahfg4      ,to ,! ,au?or  
,( ,! ,article ,on    ,! ,c>tesian      
,d\bt1    ,publi%$ ,9 ,! ,novemb] ,numb]

    ,( ,! ,ca?olic ,_w3      ,de> ,sir3 
,i beg y to accept ! pres5tation ( ?is  
copy ( a book ,i    publi%$1 z y see1 9 
#ahfj4      ,i d n (f] x ) any idea t y 
w f9d 9 x    any?+ new or in/ructive to 
y1 or ) any expectation    t y w give x 
approval or praise4 ,i h become         
consci\s ( sev]al ( ! errors x conta9s4 
,i s5d x to y "u ! influ5ce ( two       
motives3 #a/4 ,to    (f] y a tok5 ( !   
deep gratitude ,i feel t[>d y =    !    
article on ,! ,c>tesian ,d\bt1 & o!r    
articles 7:i*    ,i take also to be f   
y\r p57 entitl$ ,problems ( !    ,age1  
publi%$ 9 ,! ,ca?olic ,_w2 ?is gratitude
    be+ felt = ! flood ( religi\s &     
intellectual light    !y h %$ ^u my m9d 
& he>t1 & = _! hav+    conv9c$ me ( !   
tru? ( _m ,ca?olic doctr9es ,i _h       
obscurely p]ceiv$1 & :i*1 ?r\gh !       
cle>ness & =ce    ( y\r language &      
argum5ts1 n[ %9e to my eyes )           
unsulli$ lu/re4 ,second4 ,i also (f] y  
?is tok51 t y    may !reby judge =      
y\rself h[ f> ,i 0 beh9d1 &    !re=e :at

 great advance ,i mu/ h made t[>d a cle>
    und]/&+ ( ! true relation &         
subord9ation (    philosophy to ,ca?olic
 doctr9e1 n[ t ,i admit t doctr9e    z  
receiv$ ?r\gh y\r articles1 :i* ,i h no 
d\bt are    approv$ by ! ,*ur*4    #fha 
,hop+1 sir1 y w k9dly receive ?is       
expression ( my    he>tfelt ?anks1 ,i   
subscribe myself1 affectionately &      
respectfully1 y\rs4    ,! pr(essor is   
mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t ! article on ,the    
,c>tesian ,d\bt & ^? on ,! ,problems ( !
 ,age1  are f ! same writ]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1
 is a matt] ( no  consequ5ce2 = 9 bo? ! 
pr(\nde/ pr9ciples ( philosophy  are    
treat$2 & bo?1 = ! mo/ "p1 set =? &     
def5d  ! same philosophical doctr9e4 ,we
 lay be=e our read]s  ano!r lett]1 f a  
di/+ui%$ lawy]1 a rec5t conv]t to  !    
*ur*1 :i* %[s t our philosophical       
articles are read  by em95t m51 & )     
respect1 ev5 :5 _! doctr9e is n         
accept$4                        ,decemb]
 #aj1 #ahfg4    ,to ,! ,editor ,( ,!    
,ca?olic ,_w3      ,de> ,sir3 ,9 ,!     

,ca?olic ,_w = ,decemb]1 y say1    on   
page #dbg1 ,! s*ool ,sir ,william       
,hamilton f\nd$ 444    av[$ly ma9ta9s t 
philosophy _c rise above !    s5sible1 &
 t ! sup]s5sible1 z well z !            
sup]9telligible1 mu/ be tak51 if at all1
 on ! au?ority    ( fai? or revelation4 
,j be=e ?is1 y also say1 ,!    sci5ce   
nei!r ( language nor ( logic c be ma/]$ 
by "o    :o holds ,sir ,william         
,hamilton 0 a philosoph]1 etc4 ,aga91   
on page #dbd1 y say1 ,! t5d5cy ( all    
inductive    philosophy1 z any "o may   
see 9 ! writ+s ( 444 ,sir    ,william   
,hamilton & 8 s*ool1 is to re/rict all  
sci5ce to    ! ph5om5al1 &1 !re=e1 to   
exclude pr9ciples &    causes1 &        
consequ5tly laws4      ,! ideas "h      
advanc$ are new to my m9d1 & my object 9
    tr\bl+ y ) ?is lett] is to reque/ y 
to ref] me to    "s philosophical "w 9  
:i* !y are fully develop$4 ,i    came   
into ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! spr+ ( #ahfe1 
z ,i    suppos$ by a process (          
induction1 & by process ( induction     

,i am ?or\ghly conv9c$ t we h high] &   
bett]    evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! dogmas ( !
 *ur*1 ?an ( any    sci5tific fact2     
inde$1 bett] ?an we h ( any o!r fact1   
save t ( exi/5ce4 ,b ,i h fail$ to      
discov] 9 !    writ+s ( ,sir ,william   
,hamilton 7! only "o ( ! writ]s    y    
m5tion ) :om ,i am ev5 slightly         
acqua9t$7 !    t5d5cy y describe1 & ,i  
_c und]/& h[ su* a    result c\ld be    
produc$ by a legitimate inductive       
philosophy4    ,sir ,william ,hamilton  
%[s t induction1 :5 appli$ to    ,deity1
 to ! inf9ite or to ! absolute1 7he     
ought to h    said to any spiritual     
exi/5ce also17 fails to yield ev5       
app>5t tru?1 because x yields           
contradictions4 ,x seems to    me t ?is 
mu/ be a v ne> approa* to a true ca?olic
    philosophy1 t is1 to a def9ition ( !
 field 9 :i*    induction is to op]ate2 
& ,i f9d x a weapon :i* sil5ces1    if x
 does n conv9ce1 my ,prote/ant fri5ds2 =
 if !y    admit t _! reason+ p[]s--^?   
faculties :i* enable    !m to make !    

boa/$ progress 9 physical sci5ce--give  
no    help 9 expla9+ ! relation :i*     
exi/s betwe5 !m &    _! ,creator1 !y !n 
h to d5y1 ) ! dei/1 t any    su*        
application exi/s2 or if x does exi/1   
admit t x    re/s on au?ority1 ?us      
de/roy+ ! "r ( private    judgm5t1 a    
result 9 ei!r case fatal to ,prote/ant  
,*ri/ianity4      ,i don't ?9k ,i am    
mi/ak5 ab\t :at ,sir ,william ,hamilton 
tea*es1 = ,i h 8 works be=e me2 b x is v
    possible t ,i d n compreh5d ! t5d5cy
 ( x2 & ,i may    be entirely wrong 9   
reg>d+ him z a philosoph] second to    b
 few s9ce ,ari/otle4 ,i am n seek+      
controv]sy1 b    in=mation2 & if y c    
ref] me to a book1 n too l>ge    = a    
h>d-work+ lawy] to read1 :i* w cle>ly   
def9e    :at is reg>d$ 9 ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur* z ! philosophy or    rationale (  
religion1 y w conf] a favor :i*    w be 
long rememb]$4      ,v respectfully4    
,! old controv]sy ) h]esy has lo/ its   
=m] importance1  = h]esy 9 our "t gives 
way to d[nright infidelity1 or  total   

religi\s indiff]5ce1 & ! intellig5t     
,ca?olic1 :o  und]/&s 8 age1 is m       
dispos$ to recognize & *]i%  ! fragm5ts 
( ,*ri/ian tru? /ill reta9$ by ! sects  
respectively1 ?an to po9t out & refute  
_! h]esies4 ,he  w\ld be c>eful n to    
break ! bruis$ re$ or to qu5* !  smok+  
flax4 ,9 ^! times all :o are n aga9/ our
 ,"l are  = him4  #fhb  ,! field (      
controv]sy has *ang$4 ,! non-,ca?olic _w
 is  ei!r sl[ly retrac+ its /eps t[>d ! 
*ur*1 or ru%+  headlong into            
rationalism1 naturalism1 humanit>ianism1
  pan!ism1 a!ism4 ,! mod]n a!i/s are a  
f> m num]\s  class ?an is commonly      
suppos$4 ,virtually all naturali/s1     
humanit>ians1 & pan!i/s are a!i/s1 & !  
,god admitt$  by ! rationali/s is n !   
liv+ ,god1 an ev]-pres5t  ,creator &    
uphold] ( ! univ]se1 b an ab/raction1 a 
vague  g5]alization1 or a ,god s b\nd h&
 & foot by ! s-call$  laws ( nature1 z  
to be p[]less1 & incapable ( a s+le     
free movem5t1 or an effici5t act4    ,^!
 sev]al classes ( unbeliev]s pret5d to  

base _! d5ial  ( div9e revelation1 !    
sup]natural1 ! ,*ri/ian religion1  !    
fre$om1 & ev5 ! v be+ ( ,god1 on sci5ce 
&  philosophy2 & x is only on sci5tific 
& philosophical gr\nd  t we c meet1 &   
logically refute !m4 ,no d\bt _!        
objections are sophi/ical1 unsci5tific1 
& unphilosophical1  yet we c %[ t fact  
only by means ( true sci5ce & s\nd      
philosophy4 ,we say no?+ "h ( :at grace 
may d2 = x  works by a me?od ( its own1 
& by inspir+ ! w &  enlight5+ ! und]/&+1
 x enables "o1 by a s+le  b\nd1 to rise 
f ! l[e/ deep ( infidelity to !         
sublime/ height ( fai?--to a fai? t     
p5etrates )9 !  veil--lays hold ( !     
unse5 & ! et]nal1 & conqu]s !  _w4 ,we  
speak n[ only ( ! human means ( meet+ & 
ov]com+ ! objections ( unbeliev]s to our
 mo/ holy fai?4  ,we c meet & ov]come   
!m1 & produce :at !ologians call  fides 
humana1 only by oppos+ ! true philosophy
 to  _! false philosophy--g5u9e sci5ce  
to _! pret5d$  sci5ce1 real logic to _! 
%all[ sophi/ries4    ,is ?is a "w t     

,ca?olics c prud5tly neglect8 ,we ?9k   
n4 ,e age has its own special "w to     
p]=m1 its own  special enemies to       
combat1 & !re is nei!r wisdom nor       
utility1 nor true c\rage 9 turn+ our    
backs ^u ! enemies  t assail u1 & deal+ 
=? vigor\s bl[s aga9/ enemies  long s9ce
 vanqui%$1 & n[ dead1 & ready to be     
buri$4 ,we  mu/ face ! evil ( to-day1 ! 
enemy t is actually 9 front  ( u1 & ) ! 
arms t promise to be effective aga9/    
him4 ,?is is n only wisdom1 b a         
necessity1 if we w\ld def5d  ! treasure 
committ$ to u4 ,error is con/antly *ang+
 its  =ms1 & we mu/ attack x "u ! =m x  
assumes "h &  n[4 ,to-day x apes ! =m ( 
sci5ce & philosophy4 ,x w  avail u no?+ 
to d5\nce philosophy z va91 or sci5ce z 
unreal or valueless4 ,we mu/ accept bo?1
 & oppose to !  unreal or false ! real &
 ! true4 ,we mu/ meet & beat !  enemy on
 8 own gr\nd1 & ) 8 own weapons4 ,z !   
enemy  *ooses to attack u on ! gr\nd (  
sci5ce1 reason1  philosophy1 we mu/ meet
 him on t gr\nd1 & %[ t on  t gr\nd1 z  

on e o!r1 ,ca?olicity is inv9cible1 &   
able to comm& ! victory4    ,all ! great
 !ologians ( ! *ur* h be5 great         
philosoph]s2 ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,/4 ,basil1
 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51  ,/4 ,augu/9e1 
,/4 ,?omas1 ,/4 ,bonav5tura1 ,su>ez1    
,bossuet1  ,fnlon1 to "n no o!rs3 & all 
! glori\s ages ( !  *ur* h be5 m>k$ by  
pr(\nd & vigor\s philosophical  &       
!ological /udies1 z ! f\r?1 ! twelf?1 ! 
?irte5?1 & sev5te5? c5turies4  #fhc  ,if
 ! decl9e ( fai? m>ks a decl9e ( sci5ce 
&  philosophy1 s also does ! decl9e (   
sci5ce & philosophy  m>k usually a      
decl9e ( fai?4 ,! revival ( fai? 9 our  
c5tury has foll[$ or be5 accompani$ by a
 revival ( !  /rong mascul9e philosophy 
( ! fa!rs & ! m$iaeval  doctors4 ,9     
proportion z m5 ca/ aside ! frivolezza (
  ! eighte5? c5tury1 engage 9 s]i\s     
/udies1 & le>n to  ?9k1 & ?9k deeply &  
e>ne/ly1 fai? revives1 & m5 :o  z yet   
are n believ]s look ) rev]5ce & awe on !
  gr&eur & beauty ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1   
ov] :i* "t &  place h no influ5ce1      

exempt f human vicissitudes1 & on  :i* !
 /orms & tempe/s ( ! ages beat 9 va94   
,all  s]i\s & ?9k+ m5 turn t[>d h]1 & %e
 only is able to  give free & full scope
 to ?\ght1 & to satisfy its dem&s4      
,we d n1 ( c\rse1 fall into ! absurdity 
( seek+ to  conv]t fai? into philosophy1
 nor to sub/itute philosophy1 =  fai?4  
,philosophy1 /rictly tak51 is ! rational
 elem5t (  fai?1 or1 m /rictly /ill1 !  
preamble to fai?4 ,x does  n give u     
sup]natural fai?1 :i* is ! gift ( ,god2 
x only  removes ! intellectual          
prohib5tia or ob/acles to  fai?1 &      
e/abli%es ^? rational or sci5tific tru?s
 or  pr9ciples :i* fai? or revelation   
presupposes1 :i* prec$e  fai?1 & )\t :i*
 fai? c\ld h no rational basis or       
connection ) sci5ce4 ,all fai? 9 ! la/  
analysis is belief  & tru/ 9 ! v]acity (
 ,god1 or ! affirmation1 ,deus e/  v]ax1
 & presupposes t ,god is4 ,we _c talk ( 
fai?  till we h prov$ f reason )        
c]titude ! exi/5ce (  ,god4 ,!          
immortality ( ! s\l br\ght to light     

?r\gh !  ,gospel is n ! simple exi/5ce (
 ! s\l 9 a future life1  b ! immortal   
life ( ! ble/ 9 glory1 r5d]$ possible  &
 actual ?r\gh ! inc>nation1 & to :i* man
 by 8  natural p[]s nei!r does nor c    
atta94 ,?is immortality  presupposes :at
 is commonly meant by ! immortality ( ! 
s\l1 an immortality common to ! beatifi$
 & ! reprobate4  ,! immortality or      
cont9u$ exi/5ce ( ! s\l is a rational   
tru?1 & 0 held by ! hea!n 9 all ages1 & 
mu/ be  capable ( be+ prov$ ) c]ta9ty by
 reason prior to fai?4  ,fai? reveals to
 u a /ate ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts4  
,b rew>ds & puni%m5ts presuppose free   
ag5cy1 or !  lib]ty ( man1 :i* is a tru?
 ( reason1 & to be prov$ f  reason      
alone4 ,h5ce ! ,holy ,see requir$ !     
traditionali/s1  :o seem$ dispos$ to    
build sci5ce on fai?1 or to f\nd fai?   
on scepticism1 to subscribe a decl>ation
 t ! exi/5ce (  ,god1 ! spirituality ( !
 s\l1 & ! lib]ty ( man are  provable )  
c]ta9ty f reason alone prior to fai?4   
,^!  are philosophical tru?s1 & !       

philosophy t d5ies !m or  decl>es itself
 unable to prove !m is no philosophy at 
all4 ,x  is because ^! great tru?s are  
provable by natural reason t  we are    
morally b\nd to believe ! revelation (  
,god :5 duly  accr$it$ to u z 8         
revelation1 & t refusal to believe  x :5
 s accr$it$ is a s94    ,x is easy to   
see1 !re=e1 t ,*ri/ian fai? n only      
leaves a wide field to reason or        
philosophy1 b makes l>ge  dem&s on      
philosophy1 requires ( natural reason ! 
v utmo/  x c d2 = ! highe/ victory (    
reason is precisely 9  prov+ ) c]ta9ty  
^! ?ree great sci5tific or              
philosophical tru?s j nam$4 ,h[ little d
 !y und]/& (  our religion1 :o pret5d t 
x dw>fs ! intellect1 gives no  scope to 
reason1 & appeals only to ! ext]nal     
s5ses & !  ignorance & cr$ulity ( ! p6  
,^! consid]ations %[  t reason1 sci5ce1 
or philosophy has a great & important   
"p 9 relation to ,ca?olic fai?1 & mu/ h2
 = all !  !ologians agree t grace       
supposes nature1 gratia supponit        

naturam4 ,x is to ! rational s\l t ,god 
speaks4    #fhd    ,n[1 x is an         
und5iable fact1 t :at passes =          
philosophy  ) non-,ca?olics ei!r d5ies  
^? great tru?s :i* are  prior to fai?1  
or fails to prove !m ) c]ta9ty4 ,) :at  
effect1 !n1 c we meet ! errors ( ! age  
or ( our  c\ntry1 & advance ! cause (   
,ca?olic fai? ) ^? :o  reject x1 )\t    
ent]+ ev5 deeply into sci5tific &       
philosophical discussions8 ,to re/ore   
fai?1 we mu/ re/ore  reason &           
philosophy1 :i* is its expression2 =    
reason is1 at  pres5t1 m s]i\sly assail$
 ?an fai?4 ,! controv]sy  to-day is n1 z
 x 0 a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 betwe5  
ca?olicity & h]esy1 b betwe5 ca?olicity 
& infidelity1  betwe5 ! *ur* & ^? :o d5y
 all religion des]v+ !  "n2 & ?is       
controv]sy is precisely 9 ! field (     
philosophy4 ,9 d5y+ ! *ur* & reject+ !  
,*ri/ian  my/]ies1 ! movem5t p>ty ( !   
age h lo/ reason1 :ile  pr(ess+ to rely 
on x & to be guid$ by x4 ,!y h fall5    
bel[ reason1 & mu/ be br\ght up to x1 & 

be made to  respect x4 ,! s-call$       
advanc$ p>ty ( humanity1 !              
m>*-(-intellect or !                    
progress-(-!-species p>ty1 d5y n  ! fai?
 only1 b1 9 act1 reason too4 ,! p>ty has
 no  tol]able appreciation ( ! p[]s &   
capacities ( natural  reason2 & ! mom5t 
we c get its memb]s to reason1 to       
und]/& :at reason c d1 & is call$ ^u to 
d1  controv]sy is ov]4 ,we h got _! face
 turn$ t[>d !  tru?1 & !mselves mak+ _! 
way t[>d ! *ur*4 ,h5ce  ! great "w      
imm$iately at h& is ! def5ce ( reason4  
,^? ,ca?olics :o h n be5 9 a position to
 le>n1 or :o  h no call1 9 ! way ( duty1
 to /udy ! wants &  t5d5cies ( ! age1   
may n be aw>e ( any necessity = ?is     
def5ce ( reason1 & !re=e1 = !           
philosophical essays1  :i*1 f "t to "t1 
we publi%1 & may well ?9k t we  fill )  
!m a space t c\ld be bett] fill$ ) matt]
  less heavy & m attractive to ! bulk ( 
read]s4 ,b ^?  :o1 f _! position or     
vocation1 are oblig$ to /udy &          
compreh5d ! age1 ^: duty x is to ma/] ! 

lit]ature &  sci5ce ( ! non-,ca?olic _w1
 & :o are 9 habits ( daily  int]c\rse ) 
fair-m9d$ & lib]al non-,ca?olics1 feel !
  ne$ ( su* essays1 bo? = !mselves & =  
^? :o hold  our religion to be          
illogical1 un9tellectual1               
unphilosophical1  & ho/ile to sci5ce4 ,!
 age is e>ne/1 t]ribly 9 e>ne/  9 !     
pursuit ( mat]ial ga91 & ev5 9 !        
cultivation (  ! mat]ial or inductive   
sci5ces2 b1 9 spiritual matt]s1 9  !    
high] philosophy :i* is ! preamble to   
fai?1 x is sadly  defici5t1 & ev5       
indiff]5t2 & ?is defect & ?is           
indiff]5ce mu/ be ov]come4 ,we c\ld n   
effect our purpose 9  publi%+ ?is       
magaz9e1 or dis*>ge our duty to our     
c\ntrym51 if we did n d our be/ to      
ov]come !m2 to  /imulate ^? we are able 
to influ5ce to devote !mselves  ) great]
 e>ne/ness to ! /udy ( ! highe/ & grave/
  problems ( reason n[ up = solution4   
,our read]s "k well  t our aim is n     
simply to amuse or to r5d] ourselves    
popul>4  #fhe  ,we d n believe x        

necess>y to piety to put on a long face1
 to  speak ) a nasal twang1 or to g ab\t
 ) ! head b[$ d[n  l a bulru%4 ,we      
delight to see ! fl[]s bloom & to he>  !
 birds s+2 we love art & all ! am5ities 
( social life2  b1 ) all ?is1 we publi% 
our magaz9e ) a s]i\s &  e>ne/ purpose4 
,ern/ i/ das ,leb54 ,we aim to s]ve !   
cause ( fai?1 morals1 intellectual      
culture1 fre$om1 &  civilization2 to d  
:at 9 u lies1 ,god help+ u1 to re/ore   
our c\ntrym5 to fai? 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & to
 ,*ri/ianity 9  its unity & integrity2 &
 to make !m "w ) intellig5ce  & zeal = !
 high de/9y to :i* ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1 
is  call+ our belov$ c\ntry4    ,! two  
lett]s we publi%1 among _m o!r evid5ces 
t rea*  u1 prove to u t we d n err 9    
devot+ a l>ge space to  ! discussion ( !
 highe/ & mo/ difficult philosophical   
que/ions ( ! day4 ,^! lett]s are f m5 ( 
education1  culture1 & ! fir/ ord] (    
intellect & intellig5ce4 ,!  fir/1 :i* !
 au?or ( ! article on ,! ,c>tesian      
,d\bt has k9dly plac$ at our disposal1  

proves t our  s-call$ heavy articles h  
cle>$ up ! m9d1 at lea/1 (  "o s\l1 &   
enabl$ him to see & admit ! ,ca?olic    
tru?4  ,! second lett] proves equally ! 
"p t philosophy plays  9 br++ m5 ( a    
high ord] ( intellect to ! fai?1 ev5  :5
 ! p>ticul> sy/em ( philosophy foll[$ is
 n  precisely t :i* we ourselves def5d4 
,8 lett] %[s t  its writ] takes an      
int]e/ 9 philosophy1 & believes 9 its   
utility4 ,?is is en\gh to ju/ify u 9 our
 c\rse4    ,! writ] ( ?is lett] appe>s  
to be a little />tl$ at our  c5sure ( ! 
inductive philosophy1 & especially (    
,sir  ,william ,hamilton4 ,we _c call t 
em95t & erudite  ,scotti% pr(essor a    
philosoph]1 = we und]/& by philosophy  !
 sci5ce ( pr9ciples & causes4 ,all real 
pr9ciples are  ontological1 & ,sir      
,william ,hamilton d5ies t ontology is  
or  c be any object ( human sci5ce4 ,!  
only ?+s p]ta9+ to  philosophy he admits
 are logic & psy*ology4 ,b h[ c !re  be 
psy*ology )\t ontology8 a s\l )\t be+8  
or sci5ce  ( ! s\l )\t sci5ce ( be+1 t  

is1 )\t ontology8  ,! s\l is n          
self-exi/5t1 has n its be+ 9 itself1 b  
9 ,god2 = 9 him we live1 & move1 & are1 
or h our  be+4 ,h[1 !n1 con/ruct a real 
sci5ce ( ! s\l1 or  psy*ology1 )\t      
sci5ce ( be+1 & ( ! relation ( !  s\l to
 real & necess>y be+1 t is1 ( ! div9e   
creative  act8 ,logic is bo? a sci5ce & 
art4 ,m5 may1 no d\bt1 practise  ! art  
)\t a sci5tific k ( its pr9ciples2 b1 to
  und]/& logic z a sci5ce1 he mu/ und]/&
 its pr9ciples1  & ^! are ontological4  
,no man fully compreh5ds logic z a      
sci5ce till he has se5 its type & orig9 
9 !  trip]sonality ( ,god1 & recogniz$  
its pr9ciple 9 ! div9e  creative act4   
,sir ,william ,hamilton1 !n1 by exclud+ 
ontology1  excludes f our sci5ce        
pr9ciples & causes1 & leaves bo?  logic 
& psy*ology )\t any sci5tific basis4    
,! writ] says1 ,sir ,william ,hamilton  
%[s t induction1 :5  appli$ to deity1 to
 ! inf9ite1 or to ! absolute1 7he ought 
to h said to any spiritual exi/5ce      
also17 fails to yield  ev5 app>5t tru?1 

because x yields contradictions4 ,we say
  ! same1 & !re=e1 :ile we admit        
inductive sci5ces1 we d  n admit        
inductive sci5ce or philosophy4  #fhf   
,pr9ciples are giv5  priori1 n obta9$1 z
 ,kant has  amply prov$1 by induction f 
! facts ( exp]i5ce1 because  )\t !m no  
exp]i5ce is possible4 ,we agree ) !     
writ]1  n t ?is is a ne> approa* to a   
true ,ca?olic philosophy1  b1 to a      
def9ition ( ! field 9 :i* induction is  
to  op]ate4 ,induction is re/rict$ to ! 
analysis &  classification ( facts1 :i* 
fall or may fall "u s5sible  obs]vation1
 or exp]im5t1 & !re=e ! inductive       
sci5ces  are empirical1 n apodictic4    
,?is is :at we said1 :5 we said1  ,!    
t5d5cy ( all inductive philosophy1 z any
 "o may see 9  ! writ+s ( ,sir ,william 
,hamilton1 is to re/rict all sci5ce  to 
! ph5om5al1 & !re=e to exclude pr9ciples
 &  causes1 & !re=e laws4    ,! writ]   
says1 ,i came into ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ! 
spr+  ( #ahfe1 z ,i suppos$ by a process
 ( induction1 etc41 & v  legitimately   

too1 we d\bt n4 ,we by no means exclude 
inductive  reason+ 9 its place4 ,we d n 
depreciate ! inductive  sci5ces1 b we   
hold ) ,bacon t1 :ile ! inductive me?od 
is ! true me?od ( /udy+ ! facts ( !     
ext]nal _w1  or ( con/ruct+ ! physical  
sci5ces1 x is inapplicable 9  ! /udy (  
philosophy or metaphysics4 ,philosophy  
has be5  well-nigh bani%$ f !           
,engli%-speak+ _w by neglect+  !        
admonition ( ,bacon1 & attempt+ to      
con/ruct philosophy  by ! inductive     
me?od v prop]ly adopt$ 9 ! con/ruction  
( ! physical sci5ces1 ?us r$uc+ !       
philosoph] to a  simple physici/1 &     
philosophy simply to "o ( ! physical    
sci5ces1 in/ead ( recogniz+ h] z _!     
que51 !  sci5tia sci5ti>um4 ,! diff]5ce 
betwe5 our fri5d  & u is n t we diff] f 
him ) reg>d to induction or  ! inductive
 sci5ces1 b t we hold t !re is a sci5ce 
above !m1 :i* controls !m1 gives !m _!  
law1 &  r5d]s !m possible1 & :i* is n   
obta9able by induction4  ,?is sci5ce1   
:i* corresponds to ! sophia or  sapi5tia

 ( ! anci5ts1 & :i* ,ari/otle held to be
  n empirical1 & ! sci5ce ( fir/        
pr9ciples1 is :at we  call1 & ! only    
sci5ce t we call1 philosophy4 ,:at our  
fri5d und]/&s by inductive philosophy   
lies bel[ :at we  call philosophy1 &    
beg9s :]e our philosophy ends4    ,9    
prov+ ! miracles z hi/orical facts1 or !
 hi/orical  id5tity ( ! *ur* 9 all ages1
 & h] commission to tea*  all m5 &      
nations all ?+s :atev] our ,"l has      
comm&$ or  reveal$ to h]1 we foll[ !    
inductive process1 & mu/ d s1  = no o!r 
is possible4 ,b x mu/ be obs]v$ t !     
inductive process w\ld h ev5 "h no      
sci5tific value  )\t ! sci5ce ( !       
pr9ciples1 :at we call ! preamble  to   
fai?1 namely1 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 !       
spirituality ( !  s\l1 & human lib]ty4  
,)\t ?is sci5ce1 ! induction  w\ld      
conclude no?+1 & our fri5d z well z we  
holds t  ?is sci5ce is n atta9able by   
any inductive process4 ,x mu/  also be  
obs]v$ t ! inductions we draw f !       
hi/orical  facts 9 ! case d n give u    

div9e fai?1 b simply a human  fai?1 or  
rational belief 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 z we
 h  already expla9$4 ,! ,ca?olic believ]
 is m c]ta9 ( !  tru? ( :at ! *ur*      
tea*es ?an he is ( any hi/orical  fact2 
b ?is high] c]ta9ty is n ! result (     
induction1  = induction c give no       
c]ta9ty great] ?an we h ( !  facts f :i*
 x proce$s4  #fhg  ,! great] c]ta9ty is 
! result ( ! donum fidei1 or  !         
sup]natural gift ( fai?1 by :i* ! s\l is
 born aga9  or initiat$ into ! ord] (   
reg5]ation1 & beg9s its  return to ,god 
z its f9al cause4 ,! s\l is ?us really  
jo9$  by grace to ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ! 
real head ( e man 9  ! ord] (           
reg5]ation1 & lives 8 life1 z really z1 
9  ! ord] ( g5]ation1 we live ! life (  
,adam our prog5itor4  ,?is c]ta9ty or   
firm p]suasion1 :i* ,/4 ,paul tells u is
  ! sub/ance ( ?+s to be hop$ =1 !      
evid5ce ( ?+s  n se51 r]um sub/antia    
sp]&>um1 argum5tum non  app>5tium1 :i*  
is ( grace1 mu/ n be conf\nd$ )  ! fides
 humana1 or c]ta9ty :i* is ! product (  

induction4 ,?is latt] c]ta9ty1 :i*      
results f ! motives  ( cr$ibility fairly
 consid]$1 & fully compreh5d$1 &  :i*1  
aft] all1 leaves u outside ! door ( !   
*ur*1 is z  great z any hi/orical or    
inductive c]ta9ty c be1 b x c  be no    
great]4    ,! writ] says he has fail$ to
 discov] 9 ! writ+s ( ,sir  ,william    
,hamilton ! t5d5cy we describe1 & t he  
_c  und]/& h[ su* a result c\ld be      
produc$ by ! inductive  philosophy2 b he
 himself ackn[l$ges t ,sir ,william %[s 
t induction1 appli$ to ! inf9ite or !   
absolute1 fails to  yield ev5 app>5t    
tru?1 & says he %\ld h add$1 or to  any 
spiritual exi/5ce4 ,?is1 ) ! propos$    
add5dum1  excludes f ! inductive        
philosophy all b f9ite &  mat]ial or    
s5sible exi/5ces1 z we ass]t$4 ,sir     
,william  ma9ta9s expressly t ! inf9ite1
 ! absolute1 !  unconditional _c ev5 be 
?\ght1 because1 if ?\ght1 x  w\ld be    
b\nd$ & condition$ by our ?\ght--an     
absurd  reason1 = x supposes t our ?\ght
 affects ! object we  ?9k6 ,we ?9k ?+s  

because !y are1 n !y are because we  ?9k
 !m4 ,! object conditions ! ?\ght1 n !  
?\ght  ! object4 ,sir ,william's reason 
proves n t ! object  ?\ght is n inf9ite1
 absolute1 uncondition$1 b simply t  our
 ?\ght on its subjective side is f9ite1 
or1 9 o!r words1  t we are n inf9ite1 & 
_c ?9k an inf9ite ?\ght or  p]=m an     
inf9ite act--no v novel ass]tion4       
,exclude f philosophy ! inf9ite1 !      
absolute1 !  unconditional1 y exclude   
,god1 & d5y t ! exi/5ce (  ,god c be    
prov$ ) c]ta9ty by reason1 prior to     
fai?4 ,if  y exclude all spiritual      
exi/5ces1 y d5y all b mat]ial  exi/5ces1
 & t ! spirituality ( ! s\l is provable 
) c]ta9ty f natural reason4 ,if y       
exclude ,god f y\r  philosophy1 y       
exclude ! causa caus>um1 & !re=e  all   
f9ite or second causes4 ,unable to ass]t
 any cause or  causes1 y\r philosophy c 
recognize only1 z we said1 s5sible      
ph5om5a2 nay1 n s mu*1 b simply         
affections ( !  s5sibility1 )\t any p[] 
to ref] !m to any ext]nal  object or    

cause produc+ !m4 ,we ?9k x v easy1     
!re=e1  to und]/& :]e=e ! inductive     
philosophy1 z ga!r$  f ! s*ool ( ,sir   
,william ,hamilton1 %\ld1 z we said1    
t5d to re/rict all sci5ce to ! ph5om5a1 
& !re=e to  exclude pr9ciples & causes1 
& consequ5tly laws4 ,c our  fri5d "n    
any?+ m t c be an object ( k )  ,sir    
,william ,hamilton & 8 s*ool8 ,w he say 
?is is all  philosophy c give8 t is1 all
 t c be kn[n or prov$ by  natural       
reason8  #fhh  ,if s1 :at answ] %all we 
make to ,sa9t ,?omas & all ,ca?olic     
!ologians :o1 ) "o accord1 ma9ta9 t !   
exi/5ce (  ,god1 univ]sal1 necess>y1    
immutable1 real1 self-exi/5t &  mo/     
p]fect be+1 is demon/rable by reason8 or
 to ! ,holy ,see  :o has requir$ !      
traditionali/ to subscribe ! decl>ation 
we h already m5tion$1 namely1           
,ratioc9atio ,dei exi/5tiam1  animae    
spiritualitatem1 hom9is lib]tatem cum   
c]titud9e  prob>e pote/8 or to ,sa9t    
,paul1 :o says1 7,rom4 i4 #bj17 ,!      
invisible ?+s ( ,god1 ev5 8 et]nal p[] &

 div9ity1 are  cle>ly se5 f ! creation (
 ! _w1 be+ und]/ood by  ! ?+s t are     
made1 p] ca quae facta sunt  intellecta8
    ,we h dwelt ! long] on ?is po9t     
because ,sir ,william  ,hamilton happ5s 
j n[ to be e/eem$ by a l>ge class ( our 
c\ntrym5 z a great philosoph]1 & 8      
writ+s are ex]t+  a bad influ5ce on     
philosophic ?\ght4 ,he1 p]haps1 _h no   
contempor>y :o surpass$ him 9 !         
lit]ature ( philosophy or  philosophical
 erudition2 he knew all sy/ems1 anci5t1 
m$iaeval1  & mod]n1 b he lack$ ! true   
+egno filos(ico1 &  ?\gh a born critic1 
he _c z an orig9al & compreh5sive  g5ius
 be comp>$ ev5 ) ,dr4 ,?omas ,reid1 !   
f\nd] ( !  ,scotti% s*ool4 ,8 great m]it
 0 9 complet+ ! doctr9e  ( p]ception    
left imp]fect by ,reid1 by prov+ t we   
p]ceive  9 '! s5sible ord] ?+s !mselves1
 n m]ely _!  phantasms1 & t p]ceiv+ &   
p]ceiv+ t we p]ceive  are "o & ! same   
?+4 ,s f> he ass]t$ real objective  k1 b
 k only 9 ! ext]nal or s5sible ord]4  ,b
 he undid all ?is aga9 by ma9ta9+ t we  

see ?+s  "u ! =ms ( our own und]/&+2 n z
 !y are 9  !mselves1 b z we are         
intellectually con/itut$ to see !m4  ,to
 an intellect con/itut$ diff]5tly f ours
 !y w\ld  appe> diff]5t f :at !y d to u4
 ,?is has an ugly squ9t  t[>d !         
subjectivism ( ,immanuel ,kant1 & br+s u
 back to  ! app>5t or purely ph5om5al4  
,?is supposes t all our  k is only k    
relatively to u1 or 9 relation to  !    
pres5t con/itution ( our m9ds4 ,h5ce1   
!re is no?+  absolute or apodictic 9 our
 sci5ce4 ,?+s may be 9 reality  v       
diff]5t f :at we see !m1 or f :at !y    
appe> to  u4 ,?is r5d]s all our k on its
 objective side  unc]ta91 & op5s ! door 
to univ]sal scepticism4 ,we ?9k  we h   
done no inju/ice to ,sir ,william       
,hamilton4    ,we rank ,sir ,william    
,hamilton ) ! ,positivi/s1 z we d ,mr4  
,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,mr4 ,j4 ,/u>t ,mill1   
because he re/ricts our  sci5ce to !    
s5sible & mat]ial ord]1 & d5ies         
virtually  t we c "k pr9ciples & causes4
 ,we d n pret5d t  he1 ,mill1 or ,sp5c] 

agrees 9 all ?+s ) ,augu/e ,comte1 !    
f\nd] ( ,positivism2 we h no reason to  
suppose t he  sympa?iz$ kn[+ly )        
,comte's av[$ a!ism1 or ) 8  deification
 & wor%ip ( humanity4 ,b ! fundam5tal   
pr9ciple ( positivism1 t :i* excludes   
ontology f !  doma9 ( sci5ce1 is common 
to !m all2 & x is impossible to  e/abli%
 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ! spirituality ( !   
s\l1 or  ! lib]ty ( man1 or any?+ else  
)\t ! aid (  ontological pr9ciples4 ,mr4
 ,mansel1 ! able/ ( ,sir ,william       
,hamilton's disciples1 seems well aw>e (
 x1 & attempts to  f\nd sci5ce on fai?1 
& fai? on--no?+4    ,we w\ld will+ly    
comply ) our fri5d's reque/1 b we "k  ( 
no philosophical "w 9 our language su* z
 he wi%es u to  "n4 ,! ,engli%-speak+   
_w1 s9ce ,hobbes & ,locke1 has _h  no   
philosophy1 & we are aw>e ( no ,engli%  
treatise on  philosophy t has any       
philosophical value1 ?\gh "s good  ?+s  
may be f\nd 9 old ,ralph ,cudwor?1 ,h5ry
 ,m1 & 9  ,reid & ,beattie4  #fhi  ,we  
"k no?+ )9 a mod]ate compass 9 any o!r  

mod]n  tongue t w\ld meet ! wi%es ( our 
fri5d mu* bett]4  ,balmes's ,fundam5tal 
,philosophy1 translat$ f ! ,spani% by   
,h4 ,f4 ,br[nson1 ) an introduction by 8
 fa!r1 ,doctor ,o4 ,a4  ,br[nson1 &     
publi%$ by ! ,sadli]s 9 ?is city1 is !  
be/  t occurs to u4 ,sev]al ,lat9       
text-books1 us$ 9 our  colleges1 su* z  
,ro!nflue's1 ,f\rni]'s1 ,bran*]eau's1 & 
! ,lugdun5sis1 are1 ?\gh n free f       
objection1 yet good  introductions to ! 
/udy ( philosophy4 ,= ourselves1 we     
collect our philosophy f ,plato1        
,ari/otle1 ! fa!rs &  !ologians1 m      
especially f ! m$iaeval doctors ( !     
*ur*1 aid$ by v>i\s mod]n writ]s1 & our 
own reflections4  ,we foll[ no "o au?or1
 b reg>d ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,?omas  z ! 
two greate/ ma/]s ( ,ca?olic philosophy 
t h yet  appe>$4 ,z philosophy is !     
sci5ce ( reason1 we dep5d on  ! reason  
common to all m5 to confirm or to reject
 su*  philosophical views z we f "t to  
"t put =?4    --------            ,fa!r 
,lacordaire4  ,footnote #fe             

,footnote #fe3  ,! ,inn] ,life ( ! ,v   
,rev]5d ,pre      ,lacordaire1 ( ! ,ord]
 ( ,prea*]s4 ,translat$ f !      ,fr5* (
 ! ,rev4 ,pre ,*oc>ne1 ,o4,p41 ) !      
au?or's      p]mission4 ,by a ,religi\s 
( ! same ,ord]4 ,) preface by      ! ,v 
,rev4 ,fa!r ,aylw>d1 ,prior ,prov9cial (
 ,engl&4      ,small #hvo1 pp4 #eef4    
,dubl93 ,william ,b4 ,kelly4 ,new ,york3
 ,!      ,ca?olic ,publication ,society4
      ,a complete biography ( ! eloqu5t 
,dom9ican ^: "n is "o  ( ! mo/ brilliant
 9 ! hi/ory ( ! mod]n ,fr5* ,*ur*  is   
yet to be look$ =4 ,if x is ev]         
adequately writt51 x  w be a "w ( s+ul> 
fasc9ation4 ,ri*1 h[ev]1 z ,fa!r        
,lacordaire's life 0 9 mat]ials = su* a 
book1 x 0 a life  comp>atively poor 9   
/rik+ incid5ts--a life ^: be/ side  lay 
ap>t f ! _w1 & ^: beauty c\ld be cle>ly 
se5  only by ! light ( a g5u9e religi\s 
_s4 ,9 a ^w1 x  0 8 inn] life :i* be/   
m]its our notice &  awak5s our sympa?y4 
,we %all h>dly be go+ too f> if we say  
t ! hi/ory ( 8 s\l is a positive        

romance4 ,?is romance  ,fa!r ,*oc>ne has
 endeavor$ to relate 9 8 excell5t       
n>rative ( ,! ,inn] ,life ( ! ,v ,rev4  
,pre ,lacordaire4  ,z a biography1 x is 
defective2 b x does n pret5d to be a    
biography4 ,x is1 r1 a description ( !  
m5tal &  spiritual progress ( ! man1 & a
 picture ( 8 virtues4    ,h5ry          
,lacordaire 0 ! son ( a village doctor (
  ,recey-sur-,ource1 9 ,burgundy1 :]e he
 0 born 9 #ahjb4 ,!  g5tl5ess ( temp] = 
:i* he 0 aft]w>d rem>kable1  di/+ui%$   
him f 8 cradle1 & ! fi]y eloqu5ce by    
:i* he 0 to "w su* wond]s may almo/ be  
said to h be5  a gift ( 8 boyhood4 ,z a 
*ild1 8 favorite amusem5t 0 to  play at 
be+ prie/1 & f 8 mimic pulpit to inveigh
  aga9/ ! s9s ( ! _w ) an en]gy :i* (t5 
became  al>m+4  #fij  ,an incid5t1 :i*  
he relates himself1 & :i* may be f\nd 9 
8 ,lett]s to ,"y ,m51 publi%$ by ! ,abb 
,p]reyve1  illu/rates at once !         
rem>kable delicacy ( feel+ :i*  =m$1    
?r\gh life1 s important an elem5t ( 8   
"*1  & ! piety :i* di/+ui%$ 8 e>ly y\?4 

,at ! age (  t5 he _h be5 s5t to s*ool  
at ! ,lyceum ( ,dijon4      ,f ! v fir/ 
day1 says he1 my s*oolfell[s select$    
me z a k9d ( play?+ or victim4 ,i c\ld n
 take a /ep    )\t be+ pursu$ by _!     
brutality4 ,= sev]al weeks    !y ev5    
depriv$ me1 by viol5ce1 ( any o!r food  
?an my    s\p & bread4 ,9 ord] to escape
 _! ill-treatm5t1 ,i us$1    z (t5 z    
possible1 to get away f !m dur+ ! "t (  
recreation1 &1 go+ into ! s*oolroom1    
conceal myself    "u a b5* f ! eyes     
alike ( my ma/]s & companions4    ,!re1 
alone1 )\t protection1 ab&on$ by e "o1  
,i    p\r$ out religi\s te>s be=e ,god1 
(f]+ him my *ildi%    tr\bles1 z a      
sacrifice1 & /riv+ to raise myself1 by  
t5d] s5tim5ts ( piety1 to ! cross ( 8   
div9e ,son4    ,fa!r ,*oc>ne's rem>k ^u 
?is /ory1 ?\gh x may seem n  altoge!r   
free f ,fr5* fancifulness1 is1 aft] all1
 a j  "o4      ,?is little suff]]1 hidd5
 "u a b5* 9 ! college (    :i* he 0     
aft]w>d to be ! honor1 & tak+ refuge at 
! feet ( ! ,great ,victim1 gives ! key  

to ! entire life    ( ,fa!r ,lacordaire4
 ,he 0 n to be rais$ by ,god until he   
_h be5 abas$4 ,he 0 to "k glory1 b only 
at ! price (    h>d humiliations & bitt]
 disappo9tm5ts2 & 9 ! h\r    ( success1 
z 9 t ( trial1 8 refuge1 8 res\rce1 8   
life1 8 v passion1 0 to be ! cross1 !   
cross ( ,him    :o s\ght ! little       
s*oolboy hidd5 "u 8 b5*4    ,!re 0 no?+ 
at ,dijon to keep alive ! f]vor ( 8     
religi\s s5tim5ts1 & x 0 a "t inde$ :51 
9 !  confusion ( ! political upheaval   
:i* 0 soon to wreak havoc  9 ! social   
life ( ,france1 fai? 0 an unfa%ionable  
weakness1 devotion 0 an exclusively     
fem99e accompli%m5t1  & piety 0         
supplant$ by a p9*beck philosophy4 ,:at 
wond]1  !re=e1 t he left college at !   
age ( sev5te51 ) 8  fai? practically    
de/roy$--n an op5 infidel1 b only a     
nom9al ,*ri/ian8 ,at ! age ( tw5ty he   
w5t to ,p>is to  comm5ce ! practice ( ! 
law4 ,x may readily be suppos$ t  9 !   
society ( ! metropolis1 :i* 0 !n see?+ )
  political excitem5t1 & intoxicat$ )   

dreams ( impossible  lib]ty1 9 ! /irr+  
occupations ( 8 c>e] at ! b>  :]e he    
a*iev$ at once a v signal success1 8    
religi\s  impressions w\ld be /ill fur!r
 weak5$4 ,at fir/ ?is  c]ta9ly 0 ! case2
 yet !re 0 "o peculi>ity ( 8            
disposition :i* pres]v$ him f a good _m 
( ! dang]s  ( 8 way ( life1 & probably  
contribut$1 "u ,god1 to 8  conv]sion4   
,he 0 "o :o ?ir/$ = love1 yet 0 )\t a   
s+le bosom fri5d4 ,he nev] 0 attract$ by
 ! society (  wom52 b he long$ = !      
affection ( "s cong5ial  companion ( 8  
own sex1 :o c\ld ent] into all 8 hopes &
  feel+s1 & %>e 8 disappo9tm5ts & 8     
pleasures4  ,)\t ?is--& 8 natural res]ve
 long deb>r$ him f x--  ,p>is 0 to him a
 des]t4 ,he 0 =c$ to )draw into         
himself4 ,solitude & habits ( reflection
 begot an abid+  melan*oly4 ,!re are 9  
me1 he writes at ?is "t1 two  contr>y   
pr9ciples1 :i* are always at w>1 & :i*  
sometimes  make me v unhappy--a cold1   
calm reason1 oppos$ to a burn+          
imag9ation--& ! fir/ dis5*ants me ( all 

! illusions  :i* ! second pres5ts4  #fia
  ,nobody w\ld commit m follies ?an ,i  
%\ld d on "o side (  my be+1 7 ,i n     
)held by a habit ( reflection :i*       
pres5ts ?+s to me 9 all _! aspects4 ,i h
 play$ !  game ( ! mat]ial int]e/s ( ?is
 _w1 &1 )\t hav+  mu* enjoy$ its        
pleasures or be5 intoxicat$ ) its       
delights1  ,i h ta/$ en\gh to be conv9c$
 t all is va9 "u !  sun2 & ?is          
conviction comes bo? f my imag9ation1   
:i*  has no limits save ! ,inf9ite1 & f 
my reason1 :i*  analyzes all x t\*es4 ,i
 h a mo/ religi\s he>t1 & a  v incr$ul\s
 m9d2 b1 z x is 9 ! nature ( ?+s t  !   
m9d mu/ at la/ all[ itself to be        
subjugat$ by !  affections1 x is mo/    
likely t ,i %all "o day become a        
,*ri/ian4 ,i am alike capable ( liv+ 9  
solitude1 & (  plung+ into ! vortex (   
human affairs3 ,i love quiet :5 ,i  ?9k 
( x1 & bu/le :5 ,i am 9 x1 sometimes    
mak+ my  ,ca/le 9 ! air to consi/ 9 !   
life ( a village cur1 &  !n say+ good-by
 to my day-dream z ,i pass !            

,pont-,neuf--held  9 my pres5t position 
by t =ce ( reason :i* conv9ces me  t to 
try ev]y?+ & to be always *ang+ "o's    
place is  n to *ange "o's nature1 & t   
!re are wants 9 ! he>t  :i* e>? is      
p[]less to satisfy4    ,by :at process  
he 0 l$ out ( ?is d>kness into ! light (
  religi\s happ9ess1 we d n "k4         
,probably he nev] knew  himself !       
precise means by :i* ! grace ( ,god     
wr\ght 8  conv]sion4 ,w\ld y believe x1 
he wrote 9 #ahbd1 ,i am e  day gr[+ m & 
m a ,*ri/ian8 ,x is /range1 ?is         
progressive *ange 9 my op9ions4 ,i am   
beg9n+ to believe1 &  yet ,i 0 nev] m a 
philosoph]4 ,a little philosophy draws u
  f religion1 b a good deal ( x br+s u  
back aga94 ,8  progress t[>d ! tru? 0   
rapid4 ,he %unn$ ! society (  8         
acqua9tances4 ,sometimes he 0 detect$ on
 8 knees beh9d  ! columns ( sil5t       
*ur*es4 ,sometimes 8 fri5ds surpris$    
him wrapt 9 sorr[ful m$itation among 8  
books4 ,at l5g? !  cl\ds broke away4 ,! 
div9e light bur/ ^u him 9 all its       

magnific5ce4 ,! lov+ fri5d :om he _h    
s\ght s long he  f\nd 9 ! p]son ( 8     
,savi\r4 ,! affectionate he>t :i*  _h   
ye>n$ = an object ^u :i* to p\r out its 
weal? f\nd  "o 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,!       
eloqu5t lips _h at la/ a !me wor?y  ( _!
 p[]s4 ,he resolv$ to become a prie/1 & 
at ! age  ( tw5ty-two accord+ly ent]$ ! 
,sem9>y ( ,/4 ,sulpice4    ,! s]5ity &  
peace ( m9d :i* came ^u him 9 8 new     
life 0 l ! reaction aft] long re/ra9t4  
,he seem$  creat$ = ! prie/hood1 = he _h
 all ! natural gifts mo/  fitt+ ! sacr$ 
call+2 b 8 life _h be5 =c$ into !  wrong
 *annel1 & n[ t ! pressure 0 remov$1 8  
s\l  reb\nd$ ) an ela/icity at :i* 8    
directors n[ & !n  /ood agha/4 ,! /rict 
=malism ( ,/4 ,sulpice1 ) its  rigor\s  
rules ( propriety1 0 b little suit$ to 8
  indep5d5t "*2 yet x 0 some?+ m ?an a  
natural  repugnance to unnecess>y       
re/ra9t :i* inspir$ him ) a  gaiety     
little kn[n 9 ! prim prec9cts ( !       
sem9>y4      ,x sometimes happ5$ t 8    
lively & orig9al nature1 n    yet "u mu*

 control1 betray$ itself 9 sallies :i*  
manife/$ some?+ ( ! gallica levitas1    
season$    ) ,burgundian love ( fun4 ,! 
good directors 7 a/\nd$1    & ha/5$ to  
repress ?is boi/]\s levity4 ,he nev]    
c\ld    accu/om himself to ! squ>e cap1 
t /range head-dress1    ! %ape ( :i* is 
s grotesque t "o d>es n call x    by its
 true "n4 ,aga9/ ^! caps ,lacordaire    
decl>$ w>1 a    w> at fir/ c>ri$ on by  
epigrams1 b :i* soon became "o    (     
ext]m9ation4  #fib    ,he w\ld snat* !m 
out ( ! h&s ( 8 fri5ds & ?r[    !m into 
! fire4 ,?is gave rise to a great       
commotion1 &    v lively discussions    
ensu$1 "s decl>+ 9 favor ( !    squ>e   
cap1 & o!rs = ! biretta1 :i* 0 !n a     
novelty4 ,b novelty & argum5t 7 two ?+s 
:i* ,/4    ,sulpice held 9 equal        
abhorr5ce4 ,9 ! ev5+1 !re=e1 at    ! h\r
 ( spiritual read+1 ! sup]ior address$  
!m a    grave repro(1 & ord] 0 once m   
re/or$4      ,! ,abb ,lacordaire always 
display$ p]fect submission to 8         
directors2 & if !y 7 sometimes puzzl$ by

 ! contra/s    ( 8 s+ul> "*1 !y nev] _h 
occasion to compla9    ( 8 want (       
humility1 mode/y1 or ob$i5ce4 ,he 0     
belov$    by all 8 companions3 8 deep & 
e>ne/ nature1 :olly    giv5 up to 8 new 
& sacr$ duties1 0 adorn$ ) a    c]ta9   
fre%ness ( poetry1 ) ! fragrance (      
worldly    ref9em5t1 & ! grace ( a "*   
long p5t up )9    itself1 b n[ freely   
p\r$ =?2 & all ?is gave an              
indescribable *>m to 8 p]sonal int]c\rse
 :i* made him    g5]ally lov$ & s\ght   
aft]4 ,all 8 ma/]s1 h[ev]1 did    n     
und]/& him2 ! s+ul>ity ( "s ( 8 ways1 8 
lib]al op9ions1 & 8 in/9ctive repugnance
 to c]ta9    po9ts ( ord9>y r\t9e1      
d\btless n[ & !n deceiv$    _! obs]vant 
eyes1 & prev5t$ !m f at once            
appreciat+ at its j value ! pure gold   
:i* lay hidd5    at ! bottom ( ! vessel4
    ,! consequ5ce ( all ?is 0 t 8       
sup]iors rema9$ a  long "t 9 d\bt ab\t 8
 vocation1 & he 0 n all[$ to  receive   
holy ord]s at ! usual "t4      ,!y felt 
uneasy :5 !y obs]v$ 8 ardor = debates1 &

    ! l>ge claims :i* he made = reason4 
,:5 he op5$ 8    lips 9 class to raise  
any objection1 8 words took s lively    
& orig9al a turn1 & 8 conclusions 7 s   
bold1 t    !y (t5 prov$ some:at         
emb>rass+ to ! pr(essors4 ,at    la/1 9 
ord] to save "t1 !y begg$ him to put (f 
8    difficulties till ! end ( !        
lecture4 ,he =got ?is    sometimes2     
p]haps x 0 to relate a /ory1 b ! /ory   
g5]ally end$ 9 "s trea*]\s "q1 or "s    
home-?ru/ at ! !sis ( ! ma/]4    ,a     
project :i* he s]i\sly began to ent]ta9 
( becom+ a  ,jesuit put an end to ?is   
hesitation1 & 9 #ahbg he 0 orda9$       
prie/4 ,v soon aft]w>d an appo9tm5t z   
auditor ( ! ,rota  at ,rome 0 (f]$ him4 
,x 0 an (fice pretty c]ta9 to lead  to !
 episcopacy1 b he refus$ x1 & accept$ ! 
humble  po/ ( *apla9 to a conv5t (      
visitation nuns 9 ,p>is1 :]e  8 wid[$ "m
 came to live ) him4 ,! abundant leisure
  :i* rema9$ to him 9 ?is humble        
position he dilig5tly  employ$ 9 /udy4  
,at "o "t he _h ne>ly made up 8 m9d to  

become a mission>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 
he _h an int]view  respect+ ! project ) 
,bi%op ,dubois1 ( ,new ,york1 :5 t      
v5]able prelate visit$ ,france 9 #ahcj4 
,! bi%op (f]$ him  ! po/ ( vic>-g5]al4  
,x w\ld be curi\s to speculate :at      
effect 8 acceptance ( ?is proposal w\ld 
h _h ^u !  hi/ory ( ei!r ! ,fr5* or !   
,am]ican ,*ur*4 ,_h he be5  vic>-g5]al1 
he w\ld probably h be5 ! coadjutor &    
successor ( ,bi%op ,dubois1 & !         
brilliant c>e] (  ,ar*bi%op ,hughes w\ld
 h be5 miss$ f our annals4 ,9 no  o!r   
diocese ?an ,new ,york w\ld ,ar*bi%op   
,hughes h f\nd a  prop] field = ! full  
ex]cise ( 8 rem>kable p[]s2 9  no o!r   
position ?an ! "o he actually occupi$   
c\ld he h  done su* good s]vice to !    
*ur* z he effect$ 9 ?is *ief  city ( !  
new _w4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re c be no  "q t 
,h5ry ,lacordaire 0 b imp]fectly fitt$ =
 !  h>d & labori\s "w requir$ 9 ^? days 
( an ,am]ican  bi%op4 ,x 0 r\gh "w1 & ! 
tools ne$$ to be n  delicate b /rong4   
,to "o :o _h refus$ a tempt+ (f] f      

,rome1 ! prospect ( a vic>-g5]al%ip 9   
,am]ica _c be  suppos$ to h held out    
/rong inducem5ts2 b !re 7 "s  reasons :y
 a c>e] 9 ?is c\ntry pres5t$ itself to 8
 m9d  9 a /rangely entic+ light4  #fic  
,he _h n =gott5 8 e>ly aspirations =    
political  indep5d5ce4 ,he _h already   
giv5 deep ?\ght to ! problem  :i* 0     
aft]w>d to br+ him into su* prom95ce    
be=e !  _w1 ( associat+ society & !     
*ur*1 & break+ !  unholy alliance betwe5
 democracy & infidelity4 ,politically he
  0 an e>ne/ lib]al2 religi\sly he 0 a  
dev\t prie/4 ,9  ,france1 m5 did n      
readily see h[ ! two *>act]s c\ld be    
unit$2 b 9 ,am]ica he believ$ t         
,ca?olicism 0 plac$  "u conditions (    
developm5t & action m favorable ?an 9   
any c\ntry ( ,europe4 ,:o is !re1 he    
exclaim$1 :o1 at  mom5ts :5 ! /ate ( 8  
own c\ntry sadd5s him1 has n  turn$ 8   
eyes t[>d ! republic ( ,wa%+ton8 ,:o has
 n1  9 fancy1 at lea/1 sat d[n to re/ "u
 ! %ad[ ( h]  =e/s & h] laws8 ,we>y ) ! 
spectacle ,i beheld 9  ,france1 x 0 on t

 l& t ,i ca/ my eyes1 & ?i!r ,i  resolv$
 to g to ask a hospitality %e has nev]  
refus$ to a  travell] or a prie/4 ,hav+ 
obta9$ ! cons5t ( 8  ar*bi%op1 he w5t to
 ,burgundy to bid f>ewell to 8 family4  
,b :ile !re1 he receiv$ a lett] f 8     
fri5d1 ! ,abb  ,g]bet1 :i* *ang$ 8 c\rse
 & det]m9$ him to rema9 9  ,france4     
,9 ! spr+ ( #ahcj1 he _h become intimate
 ) ! ,abb de la  ,m5nais1 9 :om ! hopes 
( s _m ( ! mo/ zeal\s ( !  religi\s p>ty
 9 ,france !n c5tr$4 ,he 0 fasc9at$ by !
  g5ius ( t rem>kable man2 he believ$ 9 
_m ( 8  !ories2 he tri$1 ) only         
incomplete success1 to accept 8         
philosophy2 b ,de la ,m5nais 0 an       
absoluti/ 9 politics1 &  ,lacordaire 0  
an e>ne/ lib]al4 ,! revolution ( #ahcj1 
h[ev]1 swept away ?is b>ri] :i* _h      
hi!rto kept ! two  m5 ap>t4 ,de la      
,m5nais frankly accept$ ! great *anges  
:i*  foll[$ ! abdication ( ,*>les ,x41  
&1 9 conjunction )  "s ( 8 disciples1   
prep>$ to discuss ! same problem (  !   
*ur* & society ( :i* ,lacordaire 0 ab\t 

to seek !  solution 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ?is "w
 ,lacordaire 0 invit$ to take  "p4      
,no?+1 says ,fa!r ,*oc>ne1 c\ld h caus$ 
him  great] joy2 x am\nt$ to a sort (   
intoxication4 444 ,& ?us  ! same        
en?usia/ic love ( lib]ty :i* 0 c>ry+ ?is
  ard5t & g5]\s s\l to a c\ntry ble/ ) a
 l>g] fre$om  ?an 8 own1 /opp$ him at ! 
v mom5t ( 8 dep>ture1  & fix$ him = ev] 
to take "p 9 ! de/9ies &  /ruggles ( 8  
native l&4    ,! ,av5ir newspap]1 :i* 0 
to be ! vehicle ( ?is  discussion1 0    
f\nd$ on ! #ae? ( ,octob]1 #ahcj4 ,!    
noise  ( x _h no soon] gone abroad ?an a
 "y ,fr5* g5tleman (  brilliant p>ts1 !n
 9 ,irel&1 ha/5$ home to claim a %>e  ( 
! labor4 ,?is 0 ,montalemb]t1 & 9 him   
,lacordaire f\nd  ! fri5d = :om he _h   
long s\ght1 & a wor?y object =  !       
affection :i* he 0 burn+ to be/[4 ,!y   
met = !  fir/ "t at ! h\se ( ,de la     
,m5nais1 & lov$ ea* o!r  f ! fir/ ) a   
love su* z knit toge!r ! s\ls (         
,jona?an & ,david4 ,de la ,m5nais1      
,lacordaire1 & ,montalemb]t  7 ?ree ( ! 

pr9cipal editors ( ! new j\rnal4    #fid
      ,!y decl>$ _! object pla9ly en\gh3
 x 0 to claim    back = ! *ur* ( ,france
 e privilege ( lib]ty1    :il/ reject+  
none ( its burd5s4 ,! revolution _h j   
made a clean sweep ( all anci5t         
traditions4 ,s9ce !    re/oration ( ord]
 & public wor%ip at ! beg9n+ ( !        
c5tury1 ! cl]gy _h le>nt to _! co/ !    
real value (    t protection grant$ by a
 p[] :i* 0 ill-in=m$ z to    ! real     
nature ( its relations ) ! *ur*2 !y _h  
f\nd out by exp]i5ce :at !y _h ga9$ 9   
consid]ation    "u ! empire1 "u !       
re/oration1 & "u ! rec5tly    e/abli%$  
rgime ( ! b\rgoisie4 ,:at    attitude 7 
!y to assume t[>d ! new gov]nm5t8 ,w\ld 
! old endeavors to =m an alliance betwe5
 ! ?rone &    ! alt> n[ recomm5ce8 ,!   
,av5ir 0 f\nd$ to    pres]ve !m f ?is   
temptation4 ,its programme 01 respect   
= ! *>t] & = j laws2 b = ! re/1 an      
absolute indep5d5ce ( ! civil gov]nm5t4 
,x consequ5tly    advocat$ lib]ty (     
op9ion = ! press1 & w> aga9/    arbitr>y

 p[] & privilege2 lib]ty ( education1 & 
w>    aga9/ ! monopoly ( ! univ]sity2   
lib]ty ( association1    & w> aga9/ !   
old anti-mona/ic laws reviv$ 9 evil     
times2 ! lib]ty & moral indep5d5ce ( !  
cl]gy1 &    w> aga9/ ! budget ( public  
wor%ip4 ,v vague &    unc]ta9 limits 7  
assign$ to ^! diff]5t lib]ties1    & !  
res]ves /ipulat$ = 9 ! decl>ations (    
doctr9e    disappe>$ (t5 en\gh :5 !     
writ]s 7 c>ri$ away by    ! ardor (     
discussion1 & ! vehem5ce ( invective4   
,!y    7 m frequ5tly engag$1 we mu/     
confess1 9 obta9+ !    ?+ !y s\ght ?an 9
 prev5t+ its abuse4 ,f> too radical    9
 _! pr9ciples1 ! polemics ( ! j\rnal 7  
yet m    s 9 ! c\rse ( action :i* !y    
recomm5d$4 ',lib]ty is    n giv51 x is  
tak51' 0 a phrase cont9ually repeat$2   
nor    did !y scruple to add example to 
precept4 ,e morn+ !    *>ge 0 s\nd$1 & e
 day witness$ "s new feat (    arms4 ,! 
cl]gy 7 address$ z an army drawn up 9   
battle    array4 ,e means 0 tri$ to     
k9dle _! ardor2 ! zeal (    ! t>dy 0    

/imulat$1 & des]t]s 7 set 9 !           
pillory4 ,! *iefs ( ! p>ty 7 h>angu$1 ! 
plan (    campaign indicat$ be=eh&1 !   
enemy po9t$ out &    pursu$ to dea?4    
,philosoph]s1 enemies ( religion1       
m9i/]s1    mis]able pro-consuls1 memb]s 
( ! univ]sity1 citiz5s1 &    ,gallicans 
7 all attack$ at once4 ,resi/ance did b 
r\se    ! _s ( ! combatants2 x seem$ z  
?\gh ! sun    always set too e>ly on _! 
w>like ardor4 ,pati5ce &    discretion 7
 n mu* reg>d$ 9 _! sy/em ( tactics2     
!y want$ to h ev]y?+ at once1 & c\ld n  
wait =    to-morr[1 & :at 0 n grant$ ) a
 good grace 0 to be    snat*$ by =ce1 & 
at ! po9t ( ! sword4 ,?is haughty    &  
antagoni/ic attitude1 ?is want (        
exp]i5ce 9 m5 &    ?+s1 m excusable 9 ! 
"y disciples ?an x 0 9    _! ma/]1 =m$1 
9 our op9ion1 ! greate/ fault ( !       
,av5ir4 ,its errors & exagg]ations (    
doctr9e might    h be5 correct$ ) "t1   
good advice1 & ! practical    tea*+ (   
facts4 ,b ^? haughty acc5ts1 s /range :5
    he>d f ! lips ( prie/s1 al>m$ ev5 _!

 fri5ds1 &    creat$ a c]ta9 con/]nation
 at ,rome--,rome ev] calm z    tru?1 &  
pati5t z et]nity4 ,! responsibility (   
?is    false attitude mu/ be *>g$ *iefly
 on ! ,abb de la    ,m5nais & ! ,abb    
,lacordaire4 ,x 0 ! latt] :o drew up    
! mo/ inc5di>y h>angues1 & op5$ ! mo/   
difficult    que/ions4      444444      
,! philosophic op9ions ( ,m4 de la      
,m5nais1 & ! absolute    !ories ( 8     
j\rnal1 p>ticul>ly ^? :i* repres5t$    !
 /ate paym5t ( ! cl]gy z ! badge ( %ame 
&    slav]y1 _h excit$ a c]ta9 feel+ (  
di/ru/ among !    episcopacy1 :i* daily 
increas$4 ,! "y disciples ( ,m4 de    la
 ,m5nais 7 nev] afraid ( a combat2 b _! 
fai? &    loyalty c\ld n endure ! vague 
suspicions rais$ aga9/    _! or?odoxy4  
,!y began to desire a cle>1 op5         
explanation1 & !y det]m9$ to g & dem& x 
f !    judge ( all ecclesia/ical        
controv]sies1 ! successor ( ,/4         
,pet]4    ,! fir/ sugge/ion ( ?is c\rse 
came f ,lacordaire4 ,he  rea*$ ,rome1 ) 
8 two companions1 ab\t ! end ( ,decemb]1

  #ahca1 & bes\ght an audi5ce ) ! ,holy 
,fa!r ,gregory ,,xvi4  = ! purpose (    
expla9+ _! views & int5tions1 &1 we  may
 suppose1 ( def5d+ _! or?odoxy4 ,b ,rome
 is n  readily mov$ by ! dreams ( "y    
en?usia/s1 & _!  reception 0 a cold "o4 
,!y 7 d5i$ a p]sonal int]view1  & 7     
requir$ to put :at !y _h to say into    
writ+4 ,at  ! end ( two mon?s1 ,c>d9al  
,pacca condesc5d$ to notice  _!         
memorial1 promis$ t x %\ld be exam9$1 & 
c\rte\sly bade !m g home4  #fie  ,!     
effect ( ?is treatm5t ^u ,de la ,m5nais 
& ,lacordaire  respectively1 is a       
rem>kable illu/ration ( _! *>act]s4  ,! 
"o1 deeply w\nd$ 9 8 pride1 is sull5 "u 
! repro(  & at la/ ?r[s away = ev] !    
preci\s gift ( fai?4 ,!  o!r ackn[l$ges 
8 errors1 b[s humbly to ! comm& ( ,god1 
&1 deliv]$ f ! mo/ t]rible ( all        
oppressions1 t  ( ! intellect1 />ts     
afre% ^u a m glori\s c>e] ?an  ! "o he  
is =c$ to ab&on4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ at ,rome1
 he  writes1 at ! tomb ( ! holy apo/les1
 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4  ,paul1 ,i knelt d[n & 

said to ,god1 ',"l1 ,i beg9 to feel my  
weakness1 my sight fails me1 tru? &     
error alike escape my  grasp2 h pity on 
?y s]vant1 :o comes to !e ) a s9c]e     
he>t2 he> ! pray] ( ! poor4' ,i "k nei!r
 ! day nor  ! h\r :5 x took place1 b at 
la/ ,i saw :at ,i _h n  be=e se51 & ,i  
left ,rome free & victori\s4 ,i _h le>n$
  f my own exp]i5ce t ! *ur* is !       
deliv]] ( !  human intellect2 & z f     
fre$om ( intellect all o!r  fre$oms     
necess>ily fl[1 ,i p]ceiv$ ! que/ions   
:i* !n  agitat$ ! _w 9 _! true light4 ,x
 0 at ?is mom5t1  z ,i v5ture to        
believe1 says ,montalemb]t1 t ,god = ev]
  m>k$ him ) ! seal ( 8 grace & laid up 
= him !  rew>d due to 8 un%ak5 fidelity1
 s wor?y ( a prie/ly  s\l4              
,lacordaire n[ resolv$ to return at once
 to ,france1 & ab&on  ! ,av5ir entirely4
 ,de la ,m5nais p]si/$ 9 rema9+  at     
,rome long] & resum+ ! susp5d$          
p]iodical2 b :5  ! pope decid$ at la/ 9 
8 ,encyclical ,lett] ( ,augu/ #ae?1     
#ahcb1 & decid$ aga9/ him1 he made a    

tempor>y submission1  & )drew to 8      
c\ntry-h\se at ,la ,*esnaie4 ,9 ?is     
solit>y retreat1 :]e1 9 ! days ( 8      
greatness1 a knot (  favorite disciples 
us$ to sit at 8 feet1 he 0 once m  jo9$ 
by ,lacordaire1 :o _h m confid5ce 9 !   
reality (  8 ma/]'s ob$i5ce to ! ,holy  
,see ?an aft] ev5ts  ju/ifi$4 ,be=e     
long1 o!rs ( ! "y s*ool ga!r$ "u  ! ro( 
( ! lonely manor-h\se4 ,de la ,m5nais   
*af$ daily  m & m "u ! affront to 8     
intellect4 ,he gave signs  ( rebellion4 
,8 he>t 0 torn by passion1 & 8 lips let 
fall d>k ?reats & al>m+ murmurs4 ,!     
h>r[+  spectacle1 says ,lacordaire1     
became too mu* = me to be>4 ,he  wrote  
,m4 de la ,m5nais an affect+ lett] (    
f>ewell2 & left  ,la ,*esnaie alone & on
 foot4 ,x 0 n long be=e !  apo/asy ( ,de
 la ,m5nais br\ght ! sad hi/ory to an   
awful  close4    ,! "y prie/1 :o _h     
escap$ f ! sn>e1 ha/5$ to  pres5t       
himself to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 ,mgr4 de
 ,qul54 ,he  0 receiv$ ) op5 arms1 z a  
son :o _h return$ w\nd$  & we>y f "s    

dang]\s adv5ture4 ,y want ano!r         
baptism1 said ! ar*bi%op1 & ,i w give y 
"o4 ,he  reappo9t$ him to ! *apla9cy ( !
 ,visitation1 & 9 !  retirem5t ( t      
peaceful retreat he f\nd re/ = 8        
di/urb$ s\l1 & gird$ up 8 lo9s = a fre% 
battle )  ! _w4    ,he sp5t ab\t a ye> 9
 ?is solitude1 & !n accept$ an          
invitation f ! (fic]s ( ! ,/anislaus    
,college 9 ,p>is1  to prea* a s]ies (   
conf]5ces to ! /ud5ts4 ,"h1 at la/1  0 !
 vocation = :i* ,god _h design$ him4 ,! 
pulpit 0  8 prop] sph]e4 ,aft] ! fir/   
day1 ! pupils _h to give up  _! places  
to cr[ds ( /rang]s1 & ! *apel c\ld n    
conta9 ! numb]s :o flock$ to li/5 to 8  
indescribable  eloqu5ce4  #fif  ,x 0 an 
eloqu5ce n re/rict$ by rules4 ,! orator 
trampl$  "u foot ! artificial =ms :i* = 
c5turies _h cramp$  & conf9$ ! utt]ances
 ( ! pulpit4 ,he outrag$ at  pleasure   
all ! canons ( ! s*ools4 ,8 conf]5ces 7 
nei!r lectures1 nor homilies1 nor       
s]mons1 b r 7  brilliant disc\rses on   
sacr$ subjects 9 :i* all !  sympa?ies ( 

! audi5ce 7 by turns engag$4 ,he spoke n
  m]ely z a prie/1 b z a citiz51 a poet1
 a philosoph]1 z a  man ( ! day1        
appreciat+ ! _s & ! wants ( 8 own  "t4  
,b1 l all m5 :o /rike out 9 a new pa?1 &
 are n  satisfi$ to foll[ exactly 9 !   
foot/eps ( _!  gr&fa!rs1 he enc\nt]$    
bitt] opposition f a c]ta9  class (     
purbl9d =mali/s4 ,8 /yle1 !y said1 0 too
  human2 8 rhetoric 0 too erratic2 8    
disrespect = !  text-books ( ! s*ools ( 
eloqu5ce 0 positively appall+4  ,nay1 0 
he n "o ( t pe/if]\s brood :i* ,de la   
,m5nais  _h hat*$ 9 ! woods ( ,la       
,*esnaie1 & :i* ! ,pope _h  solemnly    
condemn$8 ,0 he n a lib]al 9 politics1 a
 fri5d (  lib]ty1 an admir] ( ,am]ican  
republicanism8 ,he _h recant$  8 errors2
 b t 0 =gott54 ,he _h giv5 ! /ronge/    
pro(s ( ! /eadfa/ness ( 8 fai? & !      
complet5ess (  8 submission to ! ,holy  
,see2 b ^! 7 ov]look$4 ,he 0  n m]ely an
 orator1 b an accompli%$ !ologian1 = he 
_h  always be5 a h>d /ud5t2 b to ?is 8  
oppon5ts resolutely  %ut _! eyes4 ,!y   

d5\nc$ him z a dang]\s man1 a  fanatic1 
an innovator1 & a corrupt] ( y\?4 ,_!   
clamor at  la/ prevail$1 & by ord] ( !  
ar*bi%op ! conf]5ces  7 susp5d$4 ,?is   
second humiliation1 :i* he accept$ )  ! 
same docility z ! fir/1 0 ( %ort        
duration4 ,m4 ,affre1  aft]w>d ,ar*bi%op
 ( ,p>is1 plead$ s e>ne/ly = 8          
re9/atem5t t he 0 n only re/or$ to !    
pulpit b  appo9t$ a s]ies ( conf]5ces 9 
! great ca!dral ( ,notre  ,dame4 ,we    
%all tell 9 8 own words h[1 aft] a brief
  hesitation1 he ent]$ ^u ?is important 
duty3      ,! day hav+ come1 ,notre     
,dame 0 fill$ ) a multitude    su* z _h 
nev] be=e be5 se5 )9 its walls4 ,!      
lib]al & ! absoluti/ y\? ( ,p>is1 fri5ds
 & enemies1    & t curi\s cr[d :i* a    
great capital has always ready    =     
any?+ new1 _h all flock$ toge!r1 & 7    
pack$ 9    d5se masses )9 ! old ca!dral4
 ,i m\nt$ ! pulpit    firmly b n )\t    
emotion1 & began my disc\rse ) my    eye
 fix$ on ! ar*bi%op :o1 aft] ,god1 b    
be=e !    public1 0 to me ! fir/        

p]sonage 9 ! sc5e4 ,he li/5$    ) 8 head
 a little b5t d[n1 9 a /ate ( absolute  
impassibility1 l a man :o 0 n a m]e     
spectator1 nor    ev5 a judge1 b r z "o 
:o ran a p]sonal risk by !    exp]im5t4 
,i soon felt at home ) my subject & my  
audi5ce1 & z my brea/ swell$ "u !       
necessity (    grasp+ t va/ assembly (  
m51 & ! calm ( ! fir/    op5+ s5t5ces   
began to give place to ! inspiration ( !
    orator1 "o ( ^? exclamations escap$ 
f me :i*1 :5    deep & he>tfelt1 nev]   
fail to move4 ,! ar*bi%op visibly       
trembl$4 ,i wat*$ 8 c\nt5ance *ange z he
 rais$ 8    head & ca/ on me a glance ( 
a/oni%m5t4 ,i saw t !    battle 0 ga9$ 9
 8 m9d1 & x 0 s already 9 t (    !      
audi5ce4 ,hav+ return$ home1 he ann\nc$ 
t he 0    go+ to appo9t me honor>y canon
 ( ! ca!dral2 & !y    _h "s difficulty 9
 induc+ him to wait until ! end (    !  
/ation4    ,! effect ( ^! disc\rses 0   
irresi/ible4 ,all ,p>is came  to he> !m2
 & ov] ! "y m5 especially1 into ^:      
wants1 ta/es1 feel+s1 hopes1            

aspirations1 disappo9tm5ts  ,fa!r       
,lacordaire ent]$ s ?or\ghly1 because he
 _h  exp]i5c$ !m all himself1 8 influ5ce
 0 almo/ unb\nd$4    #fig      ,:at     
above all di/+ui%$ 8 prea*+1 & m>k$ its 
provid5tial mission1 :il/ x =m$ ! *ief  
reason ( 8    success1 0 its adaptation 
to social ne$s4 ,x gave to society      
:at society 0 hung]+ & ?ir/+ aft]2 t    
,liv+    ,bread1 ! long privation ( :i* 
_h br\ght x to ! v]ge    ( dea?2 x spoke
 to ! _w ( ,god1 & ( 8 ,son1 our    ,"l 
& ,savi\r4 ,*ri/ianity has a social     
exi/5ce1 n only    9 ! s5se t x is      
itself a society1 ! mo/ unit$1 !    mo/ 
univ]sal1 ! mo/ anci5t1 ! mo/ ,ca?olic1 
& !    mo/ p]fect ( all societies2 b    
also 9 ?is1 t all    societies dep5d on 
& live by x1 z ! body dep5ds on !       
s\l1 & draws its life f !nce1 & z man   
dep5ds &    lives on ,god4 ,n[ ! society
 :i* ! ,abb ,lacordaire    address$ 0   
rem>kable precisely 9 ?is1 t x 0    )\t 
,god4 ,= ! fir/ "t1 p]haps1 s9ce        
civiliz$ nations h _h a hi/ory1 m5 7 to 

be se5    endeavor+ to progress )\t !   
aid ( any positive    comm]ce ) heav54  
,b if x is ) difficulty t an            
individual c live )\t religi\s fai?1 mu*
 m is x    impossible = a nation to d s4
 ,:at1 9 fact1 is a nation    b a great 
community ( suff]+s1 mis]ies1           
weaknesses1 &    maladies ( m9d & body8 
,)\t religion1 & above all1    )\t      
,*ri/ianity1 :]e is ! rem$y = all ^!    
evils1    ! consolation = all ^!        
mis=tunes8 ,! ,abb ,lacordaire1         
himself br\ght back to ,ca?olicism by 8 
deep conviction t    society c\ld n d   
)\t ! *ur*1 receiv$ z 8    peculi>      
mission ! task ( develop+ ?is tru? to ! 
eyes    ( 8 c\ntrym54 ',! old /ate (    
society1' he said1    'p]i%$ because x  
_h expell$ ,god2 ! new is suff]+1       
because ,god has n yet be5 admitt$ into 
x4' ,8 con/ant    aim1 ! ?\ght :i* ran  
?r\gh all 8 in/ructions1 8    labors1 & 
8 entire c>e]1 0 to contribute :at he   
c\ld    9 ord] t he might re5t] into !  
fai? & life ( !    age4    ,! conf]5ces 

w5t on = two ye>s )\t int]ruption1 &  ) 
con/antly increas+ success4 ,! ar*bi%op 
be/[$ ^u  ! prea*] ! title ( ! new      
prophet4 ,all at once1 9 ,may1  #ahcf1  
)\t any o/5sible reason1 he resign$ 8   
pulpit &  w5t to ,rome4 ,! fact 01 he _h
 n succe$$ 9 liv+ d[n  !                
misrepres5tations & misconceptions :i*  
_h emb>rass$  him be=e4 ,he 0 /ill      
reg>d$ 9 _m qu>t]s z a dang]\s  man1 ^: 
zeal 0 too ra%1 & ^: or?odoxy 01 at !   
be/1 b unfirm4 ,:at bett] c\ld he d ?an 
seek refuge f  detraction 9 ! v bosom ( 
! *ur*8 ,h[ c\ld he bett]  prove 8 dev\t
 ob$i5ce to ! ,holy ,fa!r ?an by seat+  
himself at ! v foot ( ! papal ?rone8 ,9 
! retirem5t  ( ! ,*ri/ian capital1 he   
pond]$ ^u 8 future c>e]4 ,a  life su* z 
he _h hi!rto l$ he saw 0 impossible2    
:atev]  good he might effect by 8 prea*+
 w\ld h>dly c\nt]balance  ! evil ( !    
opposition he ar\s$ among ^? :o c\ld n  
or w\ld n und]/& him4 ,moreov]1 !       
ar*bi%op _h k9dly  intimat$ to him t !re
 0 no l9e ( duty op5 to him  except 9 ! 

r\t9e ( regul> p>o*ial duty4 ,= ?is he  
_h  nei!r fitness nor vocation4 ,8 only 
res\rce 0 consequ5tly  9 "o ( ! religi\s
 ord]s4 ,none ( !m except ! ,society  ( 
,jesus _h yet be5 re/or$ 9 ,france4 ,:at
 a glori\s task  = him to br+ back "s ( 
!m to 8 native c\ntry6 ,aft]  long      
delib]ation1 8 *oice settl$ ^u !        
,dom9icans4 ,!  difficulties to be      
ov]come 7 enorm\s2 & n ! lea/ (  !      
ob/acles :i* he _h to place "u 8 foot 0 
8 own  "*1 8 indep5d5ce ( _s1 8 love (  
lib]ty1 8  boldness 9 /epp+ out ( !     
beat5 pa?4 ,we h no space to  relate 9  
detail h[ he f\ght & conqu]$4 ,he made 8
  novitiate at ,vit]bo1 pron\nc$ 8 v[s 9
 ,may1 #ahdj1 & !  next day set out =   
,rome1 :]e ! conv5t ( ,santa ,sab9a _h  
be5 consign$ = 8 use & t ( ! six        
companions :o  7 to jo9 him 9 8 mission4
    #fih    ,8 /ay "h 0 b brief1 = he 0 
eag] to get back to  ,france4 ,9        
,decemb]1 he reappe>$ 9 8 native c\ntry1
 we>+  ! habit :i* _h be5 bani%$ f !    
k+dom = half a  c5tury4      ,"h & !re  

he met ) a few m>ks ( a/oni%m5t1 &      
sometimes ( ho/ility4 ,at ,p>is1 :]e he 
0 expect$ by no    "o except+ 8 mo/     
intimate fri5ds1 _m rejoic$ to see      
him4 ,8 =m] enemies _h no "t to ?9k ( _!
 old    rancors1 nor ! lawy]s _! mu/y   
/atutes4 ,ev]y?+ else    gave way be=e !
 s5tim5t ( curiosity4 ,all ! _w    wi%$ 
to see ! fri>1 ! spectre ( pa/ ages1 !  
son (    ,dom9ic ! ,inquisitor2 &       
especially to "k :at he    0 go+ to d & 
to say4 ,mgr4 ,affre1 ! new ,ar*bi%op ( 
,p>is1 receiv$ ,pre ,lacordaire )       
delight1 saw no difficulty    9 8 prea*+
 at ,notre ,dame 9 8 new habit1 & only  
begg$ him to "n :atev] day he lik$4 ,we 
mu/ leave ,pre    ,lacordaire himself to
 relate ! /ory ( ?is bold adv5ture4     
',i appe>$ 9 ! pulpit ( ,notre ,dame )  
my :ite tunic1    gray-black mantle1 &  
my tonsure4 ,! ar*bi%op presid$1 !      
keep] ( ! seals1 & m9i/] ( public       
wor%ip1 ,m4 ,m>t91    7du ,nord17 0 also
 pres5t1 z he wi%$ to obs]ve =          
himself a sc5e ( :i* no "o c\ld tell !  

issue4 ,_m    o!r di/+ui%$ p]sons       
conceal$ !mselves 9 !    assembly1 9 !  
mid/ ( ! cr[d :i* fill$ ! *ur*    f !   
doors to ! sanctu>y4 ,i _h *os5 = !     
subject    ( my disc\rse ! ,vocation ( !
 ,fr5* ,nation1 9    ord] to veil !     
audacity ( my pres5ce "u ! popul>ity    
( my !me4 ,9 ?is ,i succe$$1 & next day 
! keep] (    ! seals invit$ me to a     
d9n]-p>ty ( =ty p]sons1 :i*    he gave  
at ! *ancellor's mansion4 ,dur+ ! repa/1
 ,m4    ,b\rda91 =m]ly m9i/] ( ju/ice "u
 ,*>les ,x41 leant    t[>d "o ( 8       
neighbors1 & said1 ,:at a /range turn ( 
ev5ts6 ,if1 :5 ,i 0 keep] ( ! seals1 ,i 
_h invit$ a    ,dom9ican to my table1 my
 h\se w\ld h be5 burnt d[n next    day4 
,h[ev]1 ! h\se 0 n burnt1 & no newspap] 
ev]    invok$ ! secul> arm aga9/ my     
auto-da-f4'      ,?is 01 9 fact1 "o ( 8 
happie/ /rokes--"o ( ^?    surprises :i*
 he 0 fond (1 & :i* suit$ !    adv5tur\s
 side ( 8 "*4 ,! effect ( ?is           
reappe>ance 0 imm5se2 ! religi\s /&>d _h
 be5    plant$ 9 ! v he>t ( ! /ronghold2

 b ! victory    0 n yet completely ga9$1
 & _m ( ^? :o _h be5    dazzl$ &        
disconc]t$ by ! brilliancy & un=ese5    
"* ( ! attack1 7 n long ere !y turn$    
aga9/    him1 & dem&$ an explanation ( 8
 illegal triumph1 9 !    "n ( ! /ate4   
,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ord] 9 ,france 0 n    
effect$ )\t  a good _m tr\bles4 ,!re 0  
tr\ble at ,rome1 :]e he 0  suspect$ &   
misund]/ood until he prov$ 8 humility & 
ob$i5ce4 ,!re 0 tr\ble 9 ,france1 :]e ! 
gov]nm5t  oppos$ ! introduction ( an    
ord] :i* 0 /ill =bidd5 by  law1 &       
?reat5$ him ) p5alties :i*1 aft] all1 !y
  lack$ ! c\rage to en=ce2 & :]e ! timid
 &  %ort-sight$ among ! cl]gy w\ld r h  
_h him submit  to wrong ?an compromise a
 sleepy sort ( tranquillity by  /&+ up  
boldly = ! "r4 ,!re 0 ev5 a t$i\s       
controv]sy :i*1 at ?is di/ance ( "t &   
place1 seems  wond]fully trivial1 :e!r  
he %\ld be p]mitt$ to prea* 9  8 :ite   
habit4 ,b 8 c\rage conqu]$4 ,"o or two  
h\ses (  ! ord] 7 soon op5$2 &1 :5 !    
revolution>y tr\bles  came 9 #ahdh1 !   

eloqu5t ,dom9ican 0 "o ( ! mo/ popul>   
m5 9 ,france4 ,) ! e/abli%m5t ( !       
republic1 a some:at  emb>rass+ "q       
pres5t$ itself = 8 decision4 ,x 0  n    
easy = him1 occupy+ su* a position z he 
did 9 !  public eye1 to /& alo( f !     
great public que/ions ( !  day4 ,! good 
( religion seem$ to require t he %\ld   
m+le  9 ! turmoil ( politics4 ,he tells 
h[ 8 det]m9ation 0 at  la/ effect$3     
,:il/ ,i 0 ?us delib]at+ ) myself1 !    
,abb ,m>et &    ,fr$]ic ,ozanam call$ on
 me4 ,!y spoke to me ( ! tr\ble    &    
unc]ta9ty t reign$ among ,ca?olics2 all 
old    rally+-po9ts 7 disappe>+ 9 :at   
seem$ likely to    become a hopeless    
an>*y1 :i* might r5d] ! new    rgime    
ho/ile to u1 & deprive u ( all *ance (  
obta9+ ^? lib]ties :i* _h be5 refus$ by 
prec$+    gov]nm5ts4  #fii    ',!       
republic1' !y add$1 'is well-dispos$    
t[>d u2 we    h no su* acts ( b>b>ity & 
irreligion to *>ge x )    z disgrac$ !  
,revolution ( #ahcj4 ,x believes & hopes
 9    u2 ought we to disc\rage x8       

,moreov]1 :at are we to d8--to    :at   
o!r p>ty c we atta* ourselves8 ,:at d we
 see be=e    u b ru98 & :at is !        
republic1 b ! natural    gov]nm5t ( a   
society t has lo/ all its =m] an*ors    
& traditions8'      ,to ^! reasons1     
sugge/$ by ! situation ( affairs1 !y    
add$ high] & m g5]al views1 drawn f !   
future (    ,european society1 & !      
impossibility t mon>*y %\ld    ev] aga9 
f9d any solid re/+-place4 ,on ?is po9t  
,i did    n g s f> z !y4 ,limit$ mon>*y1
 9 spite ( its    faults1 _h always     
seem$ to me ! mo/ desirable ( all =ms   
( gov]nm5t1 & ,i only saw 9 ! republic a
 mom5t>y    necessity until ?+s %\ld    
naturally take ano!r c\rse4    ,?is     
diff]5ce ( op9ion 0 s]i\s1 & h>dly all[$
 (    our work+ toge!r 9 conc]t4        
,nev]!less1 ! dang] 0    urg5t1 & x 0   
absolutely necess>y ei!r to abdicate at 
?is solemn mom5t1 or frankly to *oose   
"o's p>ty1 & br+    to ! help ( society1
 n[ %ak5 to its v f\ndations1    :atev] 
light & /r5g? ea* "o _h at 8 comm&4     

,hi!rto ,i _h tak5 a def9ite position ) 
reg>d to public    ev5ts2 ought ,i n[ to
 take refuge 9 a selfi% sil5ce because  
! difficulties 7 m s]i\s8 ,i might inde$
 say t ,i    0 a religi\s1 & s hide     
myself "u my religi\s habit2    b ,i 0 a
 religi\s militant1 a prea*]1 a writ]1  
surr\nd$ by a sympa?y :i* creat$ v      
diff]5t duties    = me f ! duties ( a   
,trappi/ or a ,c>?usian4 ,^!            
consid]ations weigh$ on my consci5ce4   
,urg$ by my fri5ds to    decide1 ,i at  
l5g? yield$ to ! =ce ( ev5ts1 & ?\gh    
,i felt a /rong repugnance to ! idea (  
return+ to !    c>e] ( a j\rnali/1 ,i   
agre$1 9 conc]t ) !m1 to    unfurl a    
/&>d on :i* %\ld be inscrib$ toge!r !   
names ( ,religion1 ! ,republic1 &       
,lib]ty4    ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( a new      
political j\rnal1 ! ,ere  ,n\velle1 (   
:i* he comm5c$ ! publication 9 ! spr+  (
 #ahdh4 ,nor 0 ?is all4 ,! city (       
,m>seilles elect$ him a  repres5tative 9
 ! con/itu5t assembly2 &1 9 8 :ite      
,dom9ican habit1 he took 8 seat !re on !

 extreme left4 ,we  ne$ h>dly say t 8   
political c>e] 0 a bitt]  disappo9tm5t  
to himself1 & a disappo9tm5t1 too1 to _m
 (  8 fri5ds4 ,!re 0 only "o p>ty ) :i* 
8 pr9ciples  p]mitt$ him to ally        
himself2 b t p>ty1 z he saw x 9  !      
assembly1 c\ld n enli/ 8 sympa?ies4 ,i  
c\ld n sit  !re1 he said1 ap>t f        
democracy1 & yet ,i c\ld n  accept      
democracy z ,i saw x !re display$4 ,he  
held 8 seat  only two weeks4 ,on ! #ae? 
( ,may1 a mob invad$ ! hall (  meet+1 & 
= ?ree h\rs held _! repres5tatives      
intimidat$4 ,! next day ,lacordaire     
resign$ 9 disgu/4 ,i  f\nd out1 said he 
aft]w>d1 t ,i 0 no?+ b a poor  little   
fri>1 & 9 no way a ,ri*elieu2 a poor    
fri>1 lov+  no?+ b retirem5t & peace4 ,v
 soon aft]w>d he  )drew likewise f !    
,ere ,n\velle1 & "h x may  be said t 8  
public life came to a close4 ,he prea*$ 
=  "s "t long] 9 ,notre ,dame1 b !      
boldness ( 8 language  gave (f5ce1 &1   
aft] ! c\p d'tat ( ,decemb]1  #ahea1 he 
resi/$ all entreaties to appe> aga9 9 ! 

ca!dral  pulpit4 ,! /r5g!n+ &           
propagation ( 8 ord] n[ took  up all 8  
att5tion4 ,he visit$ 8 bre?r5 9 o!r     
c\ntries1  & made a %ort trip to ,engl&4
 ,!n1 at ! age ( fifty1 he  resolv$ to  
devote himself to ! education ( ! "y4   
,he  f\nd$ h\ses ( ! ?ird ord] (        
,dom9icans = ! express  purpose ( c>ry+ 
on ?is important "w1 & 9 "o ( !m1  at   
,sorze1 he f9ally settl$ d[n to pass !  
rema9d] ( 8  days4 ,"h1 ) p[]s yet      
unimpair$1 ! man ^: eloqu5ce  _h /irr$  
all ,france appli$ himself to tea*+ !   
,greek &  ,lat9 gramm>4 ,he _h no fix$  
sy/em ( education1 b 8  p]sonal         
magnetism made up = o!r defects2 he     
ga!r$ ar\nd  him ! be/ in/ructors2 he   
liv$ l a fa!r 9 ! bosom (  8 family2 he 
fill$ ! place ) ! odor ( g5tl5ess &     
piety4 ,"h1 on ! #ba/ ( ,novemb]1 #ahfj1
 aft] an illness (  ne>ly a ye>1 he     
prea*$ 8 la/4    #gjj    ,important z ! 
labor 0 9 :i* ,fa!r ,lacordaire _h sp5t 
! clos+ ye>s ( 8 life1 we _c help feel+ 
t x 0  n ! labor = :i* he _h be5        

specially end[$1 nor 0 x  t 9 :i* 8 he>t
 0 mo/ deeply engag$4 ,x is r z  !      
prea*] ( ,notre ,dame ?an z ! presid5t (
 ,sorze1  r z ! reconcil] ( religion &  
society ?an z a  tea*] ( boys1 t he /&s 
be=e u 9 ! page ( hi/ory4  ,:at a bitt] 
comm5t is x ^u ! condition ( affairs 9  
,france1 fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s ago1 t su*
 a man c\ld be  /opp$ 9 su* a c>e]6 ,!  
/ory ( ,lacordaire (t5 rem9ds  u ( a    
passage 9 "o ( ,george ,eliot's novels1 
:]e ! life  ( "o :o _h gone ?r\gh bitt] 
sorr[ & disappo9tm5t is  describ$ z be+ 
l a spoil$ pleasure-day1 9 :i* !  music 
& processions are all miss$1 & no?+ is  
left at  ev5+ b ! we>9ess ( /riv+ aft]  
:at has be5 fail$  (4 ,x 0 p>tly s ) 8  
life2 n :olly1 ( c\rse1 =  ! rew>d ( !  
/riv+ came at ev5+1 ?\gh ! object (  !  
/ruggle _h be5 miss$4 ,disappo9tm5t &   
we>9ess 7  ! burd5s :i* ,god laid ^u    
him1 & he leaves a bright]  r5[n1 z well
 z reaps a bright] rew>d1 = ! sweetness 
) :i* he bore !m4    --------           
,say+s ,( ,! ,fa!rs ,( ,! ,des]t4       

,abbot ,isaac said3 ,i "k a bro!r :o 0  
reap+1 & :o  wi%$ to eat an e> ( corn1 &
 he said to ! ma/] ( !  field3 ,are y   
will+ ,i %\ld eat "o e> ( corn8 ,& he1  
he>+ ^! words1 0 a/oni%$ & said3 ,!     
field is ?9e1  ,fa!r1 & do/ ?\ ask me8  
,s scrupul\s 0 ! bro!r4      ,abbot     
,sisois once said 9 confid5ce3 ,believe 
me1 ,i h be5  ?irty ye>s )\t pray+ to   
,god on acc\nt ( my s9s2 b  :5 ,i pray  
,i say ?is3 ,o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 save me
 f my  tongue4 ,& yet x causes me to    
fall e day1 & be  del9qu5t4      ,abbot 
,pa/or said3 ,z ! bees are driv5 f _!   
hives by  smoke s t _! honey may be     
obta9$1 ev5 s does bodily  re/ bani% !  
fe> ( ! ,"l f ! s\l1 & take f x  e good 
"w4      ,a c]ta9 old man det]m9$ t he  
w\ld dr9k no?+ =  =ty days4 ,:5ev] he 0 
torm5t$ by burn+ ?ir/1 he took  a       
vessel1 &1 hav+ fill$ x ) wat]1 plac$ x 
be=e him4  ,& :5 8 bre?r5 ask$ :y he did
 ?is1 he answ]$3 ,9  ord] t1 see+ :at ,i
 greatly desire1 & yet n ta/+ x1  my    
suff]+ may be ! m int5se1 & h5ce t !    

rew>d  :i* ,god %all give me may be     
great]4    --------    #gja             
,provid5ce4        ,:5 ,i rememb] all my
 days1    ,& note :at bless+s ea*       
displays1    ,:at words c speak my      
grateful praise8      ,:at v>i$ beauty  
?rills my sight6    ,:at s\nds my li/5+ 
s\l delight6    ,:at joys ( t\* &       
appetite6      ,&1 m ?an any joy ( s5se1
    ,! happ9ess s]5e1 int5se1    ,t     
comes to me1 ,i "k n :5ce1      ,unless 
x be t ,he is ne>1    ,& speaks "s words
 ,i _c he>1    ,b :i* unto my s\l are   
cle>4      ,= !re are times--ah6 :o c   
tell    ,! gladness inexpressible    ,) 
:i* my s\l do? ov]swell6      ,ev'n     
sorr[s t once seem$ to press    ,my s\l 
to br9ks ( wret*$ness1    ,i "k 7 b 8   
means to bless4      ,out ( ! deeps (   
pa9 & fe>1    ,he l$ me to a high]      
sph]e1    ,:]e all 8 purpose is made    
cle>4      ,_h n su* sorr[ /ruck my     
ways1    ,i _h liv$ out my e>?ly days1  
,b>r5 ( ei!r pray] or praise4           
,:]e=e ea* day1 :5 ,i recall    ,!      

bless+s :i* 8 h&s let fall1    ,= ?is ,i
 ?ank him mo/ ( all2      ,& w\ld n1 if 
,i c\ld1 =ego    ,! sorr[ :i* he made me
 "k1    ,= unto x s mu* ,i owe4    #gjb 
,?is happy life1 ?is lovely e>?1    ,^! 
joys :i* e day br+s =?1    ,are n[ to me
 ( t5fold wor?4      ,su* wondr\s love  
all ?+s disclose1    ,su* joy ?r\gh all 
my be+ gl[s1    ,t 9 my s\l a long+ gr[s
      ,t ,i might see ?is ,"o           
,all-,good1    ,& tell him all my       
gratitude1    ,9 words h[ev] weak &     
rude4      ,b ah6 ,i fe> x _c be    ,t  
,i ?is lov+ ,god c see1    ,= he fills  
out inf9ity2      ,& out ( him !re is no
 place    ,:]e ,i c /& to see 8 face3   
,en\gh1 ,i lie 9 8 embrace1      ,&     
sometimes1 albeit dimly1 feel    ,t he  
is ne>1 & do? reveal    ,himself 9 joy  
unspeakable4      ,i said1 inde$1 ',i   
%all n see    ,him face to face2' yet x 
may be    ,t joy ( joys awaite? me4     
,= :5 ?is grossness1 t do? f5ce    ,my  
be+ 9 ! bonds ( s5se1    ,falls (f :5 ,i
 am tak5 h5ce1      ,new p[]s ( :i* ,i d

 n "k    ,may be reveal$ 9 me1 & %[     
,! ,"o to :om myself ,i owe1      ,& ,i 
may see him face to face4    ,"l1 grant 
x ( ?y b\ndless grace1    ,! cr[n ( all 
my happ9ess6    --------    #gjc        
,f ,! ,etudes ,religieuses1             
,hi/oriques ,et ,litt]aires1      ,p>   
,des ,p]es ,de ,la ,compagnie ,de       
,jesus4          ,! ,pre-hi/orical      
,congress ,( ,p>is4      ,an            
,int]national ,congress ( ,an?ropology &
 ,pre-hi/orical  ,ar*aeology assembl$ 9 
! amphi!atre ( ! ,ecole de  ,mdec9e1 at 
,p>is1 on ! #ag? ( la/ ,augu/1 & held   
sessions until ! #cj?4 ,! mean+ ( ! t]ms
 an?ropology  & ar*aeology is famili>2 b
 ! ^w pre-hi/orical1  be+ ( rec5t orig91
 requires an explanation4 ,x is us$ to  
designate ei!r mat]ial objects1 or ev5ts
 & epo*s1 or ev5  m51 ant]ior n only to 
writt5 hi/ory1 b also to all  oral      
tradition & to e monum5t hav+ a c]ta9   
date & an  orig9 hi/orically det]m9$4   
,9 ! l[e/ /rata ( ! e>? :i* we tread1 9 
cav]ns  unkn[n = c5turies1 "u ! tumuli  

or heaps ( %ells  & fossils2 9 ! bottom 
( lakes :]e =m]ly dwell+s &  villages 7 
built on piles2 & 9 cromle*s & ra?s1 are
  f\nd1 ) ! bones ( animals n[ ext9ct1  
arms1 in/rum5ts1  & ut5sils ( /one1     
evid5tly fa%ion$ by ! h& ( man4 ,9  !   
next /ratum above1 ! same /one objects  
are f\nd2 b  ?is "t ! /one is poli%$ &  
accompani$ ) bones ( a  diff]5t "*--mo/ 
frequ5tly ! bones & horns ( !  re9de]4  
,human rema9s1 skulls1 jaw-bones1 &     
tee?1 beg9 to  appe> 9 great] quantity4 
,b 9 ^! two fir/ lay]s ( !  e>? no metal
 is discov]$4 ,x is only 9 ! ?ird /ratum
  t brass1 !n iron1 (t5 all ! o!r       
metals1 are met4 ,^!  s+ul> fossils1 & !
 inv>iable ord] ( _! exi/5ce1 9  ,france
 z well z 9 o!r c\ntries1 are ! facts ( 
:i* !  pres5t essay treats4    ,! epo* 9
 :i* iron beg9s to appe> 9 ! lay]s ( !  
e>? is "o ! date ( :i* is kn[n to u ei!r
 by !  relations ( hi/orians1 or by     
traditional recollections1 or by        
inscriptions & m$als f\nd 9 ! soil4 ,^! 
/rata1  !re=e1 & _! antiquities1 belong 

to ! hi/orical epo*4  ,b ! l[] /rata1 ( 
m anci5t =mation1 all ! fossils  f\nd 9 
!m1 curi\s specim5s ( primitive indu/ry1
 monum5ts  ( ! social /ate & mann]s ( ! 
fir/ m52 human rema9s  also :i* be>     
te/imony to man's physical con=mation2  
all  ^!1 ant]ior to hi/ory1 belong to   
pre-hi/orical  ar*aeology & an?ropology4
 ,^! sci5ces are v "y 9  ye>s & mann]s1 
b v old by _! object & ! age to  :i* !y 
c>ry back our ?\ghts4    ,! ,p>is       
,congress met to comp>e ! discov]ies (  
diff]5t  c\ntries1 & ?us obta9 a m      
p]fect k ( !  pre-hi/orical p]iod1 &    
draw m g5]al inf]5ces  f x4    ,a fir/  
congress assembl$ 9 #ahff1 at ,neuf*tel1
 9  ,switz]l&2 ! second is t ( ,p>is1   
la/ ,augu/2 ! ?ird  w meet ?is ye> 9    
,engl&4 ,! ,congress ( ,p>is 0  s+ul>ly 
favor$ by ! ,univ]sal ,exposition4 ,!   
mo/ em95t  repres5tatives ( ,european   
sci5ce 7 !re4 ,russia alone 0  n        
repres5t$4 ,among ! =eign memb]s :o     
spoke 7 ,franks1  ,squi]1 ,vorsaae1     
,nilsson1 ,desor1 ,clm5t1 ,vir*[1 &     

especially  ,c>l ,vogt1 ! le>n$         
naturali/4  #gjd  ,x 0 ?is outspok5 &   
v5turesome savant :o at  ,neuf*tel      
decl>$ himself a p>tisan ( ! man-monkey4
  ,france _h !re h] ,l>tet1 ,presid5t1  
,de ,mortillet1 ,secret>y1  ,de         
,longp]i]1 ! le>n$ antiqu>ian ( !       
,l\vre1 & ,de  ,quatrefages1 ! em95t    
naturali/ ( ! museum4 ,^! two la/       
illu/ri\s memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,in/itute _h 
a prepond]at+  influ5ce 9 ! congress1 = 
! int]e/ ( sci5ce & !  glory ( _!       
c\ntry4 ,! ,abb ,b\rgeois1 ! ,m>quis de 
,vibraye1 ,alex&] ,b]tr&1 ,alfr$ ,maury1
 ,h5ry ,m>t91 &  ,doctor ,broca1 7 also 
pres5t & address$ ! assembly4    ,if we 
are to believe c]ta9 reports1 ( :i* !   
positivi/  %eet ,la ,p5se ,n\velle is ! 
organ1 x 0 propos$ to  prove            
satisfactorily t ! appe>ance ( man on ! 
e>?  dates f "o hundr$ to sixty1 or at  
lea/ f =ty ?\s&  ye>s2 t ?is appe>ance  
is n ! result ( a creation  prop]ly s   
call$1 b ! t]m ( a sl[ & necess>y       
evolution1 z w\ld be1 = in/ance1 !      

progressive  trans=mation ( ! monkey    
type into ! human2 imp]ceptibly  tak+   
place = ?\s&s or r millions ( ages6 ,9  
?is  way ! au?ority ( ! ,bible w\ld be  
set at naught1 z be+  old1 & gradually  
fall+ to pieces2 b m especially because 
x is reveal$ & und\bt$ly true4 ,we c\ld 
!n d )\t !  hypo!sis ( a ,god1 ,creator 
( man1 s9ce our le>n$ m5  w\ld %[ t !y  
c\ld d )\t ! hypo!sis ( a  ,god1        
,creator ( heav5 & e>?4    ,0 ?is ! real
 aim ( ! ,p>is ,congress8 ,if s1 x 0 !  
same z t :i* well-in=m$ m5 allege to h  
be5 !  object ( ! fir/ hall ( ! hi/ory (
 labor 9 ! ,fr5*  ,exposition4 ,x is    
c]ta9 t1 = sev]al ye>s1 _m books1       
reviews1 j\rnals1 & ev5 s-call$ (ficial 
disc\rses :i*  e "o may read1 h op5ly   
t5d$ 9 ?is direction4    ,b let u conf9e
 our rem>ks to ! congress4 ,we dislike  
to  affirm t su* 0 ! fix$ ?\ght ( !     
majority ( !  =eign & ,fr5* memb]s4 ,!  
love ( sci5ce1 ! praisewor?y  desire (  
collect+ in=mation1 or ( giv+ x reg>d+  
facts  v anci5t 9 !mselves1 b v new 9   

reg>d to u2 ^!  motives ga!r$ 9 ,p>is   
important /rang]s1 & ,fr5*m5 (  diff]5t 
classes & op9ions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x seems
  impossible to d5y t an ard5t m9ority  
_h ! int5tion (  ov]?r[+ ! biblical !ory
 ( creation bo? z to "t &  "*2 ( ?is    
m9ority all except "o 7 ,fr5*m54        
,yet--let u ha/5 to say x--! m9ority did
 n succe$4 ,!  sc&al did n take place4  
,! majority 0 n conv9c$ ( !  falsity ( !
 traditional tea*+4 ,! new doctr9es 7 n 
f\nd to be c]ta94 ,a few affirmations & 
ecc5tric !ories  7 express$4 ,b !y 7 s  
ju/ly1 le>n$ly1 & wittily  answ]$1 t !  
!ori/s _h to d\bt _! ill-judg$  sy/ems4 
,?is is a v important result1 9 su* an  
affair4    ,a programme ( all !         
excursions to be made 9 common to !     
,exposition1 to ! ,museum1 to ! ,palace 
( ,sa9t ,g]ma91 to !  megali?ic monum5t 
at ,arg5teuil1 to ! environs ( ,ami5s1  
to  ! ,museum ( ,artill]y1 & to !       
,museum ( ! ,an?ropological  ,society1 0
 trac$ 9 advance4 ,six pr9cipal que/ions
 occupi$  ! six ev5+ sessions at !      

,ecole de ,mdec9e4  #gje  ,! day aft] ^!
 sitt+s1 ! memb]s met aga9 9 ! same     
place1 9 free session1 ea* to propose 8 
difficulties1 he>  ! writt5             
communications ( abs5t memb]s2 exam9e   
packages  arriv+ daily1 conta9+ new     
specim5s ( ! primitive works  ( man1    
arms1 ut5sils1 diff]5t in/rum5ts 9 /one1
 9 bone1  9 bronze1 or 9 iron f\nd 9 !  
b[els ( ! e>?1 9  cav]ns1 or lakes & 9  
,druidical cromle*s1 ra?s1 or m\nds1  9 
,france1 ,switz]l&1 ,italy1 ,g]many1    
,great ,brita91  ,d5m>k--9 %ort1        
ev]y:]e4    ,! six fundam5tal que/ions  
=m$ six !ses1 compris+ !  entire doma9 (
 pre-hi/orical k4 ,:at are !  mo/ anci5t
 ve/iges ( man's exi/5ce8 ,9 :at        
geological  conditions1 among :at fauna 
& flora h !y  be5 f\nd 9 ! diff]5t p>ts 
( ! globe2 & :at *anges  h tak5 place   
s9ce !n1 9 divisions ( l& & wat]8  ,?is 
0 ! fir/ "q4 ,next "q3 ,has ! dwell+ (  
! primitive man 9 cav]ns be5 g5]al8 ,is 
x true ( "o race  alone1 ref]able to "o 
& ! same epo*8 ,?ird "q3  ,:at relations

 are !re betwe5 ! m5 to :om we owe !    
megali?ic monum5ts1 & ^? :o =m$ ! lake  
dwell+s8  ,! f\r? 03 ,is brass ! product
 ( indig5\s indu/ry1 !  result ( a      
viol5t conque/1 or ! effect ( new       
comm]cial  relations8 ,?is _h ref]5ce to
 ! use ( brass 9 ! we/4  ,fif? "q3 ,:at 
are1 9 ! diff]5t c\ntries ( ,europe1  ! 
*ief *>act]i/ics ( ! fir/ epo* ( iron8  
,is ?is  epo* ant]ior to ! hi/orical    
p]iod8 ,! six? & la/ 0  ! mo/ important 
"q3 ,:at are ! notions acquir$  reg>d+ !
 anatomical *>act]i/ics ( man 9 !       
pre-hi/orical times1 f ! mo/ remote     
times to !  appe>ance ( iron8 ,c !      
succession ( sev]al races1 &  _! traits1
 be discov]$1 especially 9 ,we/]n       
,europe8    ,x is easy to see t ! five  
fir/ que/ions are delicate1  difficult1 
& important1 ?\gh !y all c5tre 9 a po9t 
(  *ronology4 ,b *ronology 9 ?is case is
 ! hi/ory ( man4 ,x  is ! ,bible &      
revelation4 ,x is tradition4 ,x is fai?4
 ,we  mu/ assign a reasonable date = ^? 
anci5t dbris (  labor1 or ( ! human be+s

 :om we c]ta9ly meet 9 all !  /rata     
call$ quat]n>y2 & probably also 9 ! la/ 
lay]s ( ! t]ti>y /rata1 mu* m anci5t ?an
 !  quat]n>y4 ,?is date mu/ 9 no wise   
*ange ! sacr$ text4  ,?is date once f\nd
 & demon/rat$1 w\ld settle ! dispute    
:i* /ill exi/s reg>d+ ! *ronology ( !   
,bible4 ,we "k  t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* gives
 u full lib]ty on ?is po9t4 ,b  ! mom5t 
has n yet come = pre-hi/orical          
ar*aeology to  def9e ! limits ( ! ages  
or ye>s :i* x calls ! age  ( cut /one2 !
 age ( poli%$ /one1 or ( !  re9de]2 !   
age ( brass1 & ! age (  iron4 ,!        
congress und]/ood ?is well4 ,only two or
 ?ree  orators 7 bold en\gh to speak (  
?\s&s ( ye>s or (  millions ( ye>s4 ,"s 
savans h wond]ful  imag9ations6 ,b 9    
g5]al1 no "o v5tur$ to det]m9e or  def9e
 ! "t4 ,almo/ always ! g5tlem5 us$ !    
words  epo*1 age1 p]iod1 )\t wi%+ to be 
m precise4  ,!y 7 afraid to compromise  
_! reputations4    ,)\t d\bt1 = ! same  
reason1 no savant or p]son (  consequ5ce
 wi%$ 9 ! beg9n+ to sign 8 "n to !      

catalogues ( ! ,exposition1 relat+ to ! 
pre-hi/orical  antiquities1 or hold     
himself p]sonally responsible = !m4     
#gjf  ,b behold6 aft] five mon?s1 :5 !  
,exposition 0  ne> its close1 on        
,?ursday1 ,augu/ #bi?1 ,m4 de ,mortillet
 (f]$  timidly to ! congress a little   
volume ( 8 composition1  entitl$1       
,pre-hi/orical ,prom5ades 9 ! ,univ]sal 
,exposition4 ,m4 de ,mortillet is also !
 au?or ( an o!r  book1 ,! ,sign ( !     
,cross be=e ,*ri/ianity4 ,he is  also   
collect+ mat]ials = ! positive1 or r    
positivi/ & philosophical hi/ory ( man4 
,= ,m4 de  ,mortillet imag9es t x is    
necess>y = m5 ( g5ius to  a/oni% o!rs1  
if n by discov]ies 9 tru?1 at lea/ by   
_! ecc5tricities4 ,m4 de ,mortillet is a
 man ( g5ius4 ,!  _w may d5y x4 ,b ,m4  
de ,mortillet is a bett] au?ority on  ! 
subject ?an any "o else4 ,?is le>n$     
g5tleman concludes  8 ,prom5ades ) ^!   
beautiful phrases3 ,!  *ronology taught 
9 all our s*ools is t]ribly  di/anc$4 ,x
 h>dly comprises ! hi/orical p]iod4 ,!  

law  ( ! progress ( humanity1 ! law ( ! 
developm5t ( races1  & ! great antiquity
 ( man1 are ?ree consequ5ces :i*  foll[ 
cle>ly1 di/9ctly1 precisely1 &          
irrefragably f !  "w :i* we h made on ! 
,exposition4 ,9 ^! ?ree  phrases we     
p]ceive ! wond]ful wit1 pr(undity1      
brilliancy1  & g5ius ( ! au?or4 ,x is   
a/oni%+ h[ a g5tleman (  8 extraord9>y  
sci5ce1 al?\gh he 0 secret>y ( its      
delib]ations1 c\ld n ex]cise ! smalle/  
influ5ce on !  congress1 ei!r by 8      
spee*es or 8 books6    ,pre-hi/orical   
ar*aeology 0 enri*$ by _m new discov]ies
  at ! congress4 ,! ,abb ,b\rgeois1     
among o!r important facts1  obs]v$ t    
traces ( man 7 f\nd 9 ! t]ti>y /ratum4  
,! an?ropological "q came la/4 ,eight   
days be=e !  close ( ! congress1 ,m4 de 
,quagrefages propos$ t "q1  9 pres5t+ to
 x ! fir/ copy ( 8 f9e "w1 ,rapport  sur
 les ,progrs de l',an?ropologie4 ,)     
great sci5ce1  cle>ness1 & mode/y1 !    
illu/ri\s naturali/1 9 r5d]+  an acc\nt 
( 8 inve/igations1 held ! :ole assembly 

att5tive4 ,! applause :i* he receiv$ %[$
 ! e/eem 9  :i* ! au?or 0 held1 & !     
value ( 8 book4    ,o!r incid5ts =m$ a  
prelude to ! f9al !sis2 b "s 9  an      
opposite direction4 ,we cite a s+le     
example4 ,x 0 ask$  :e!r ! fir/ m5 _h   
be5 an?ropophagi or n4 ,x is well  kn[n 
t !re is a s*ool 9 ,france1 z well z    
else:]e1  :i* deems x no di%onor to be  
desc5d$ f cannibals or  monkeys4 ,a     
memb] ( ! congress made a pr(ession (   
fai? on  ?is po9t4 ,! admitt$ head ( ?is
 s*ool 7,doctor ,broca7 ask$  leave to  
speak on primitive an?ropology4 ,he     
began by say+ t  he _h long hesitat$    
be=e adopt+ ! affirmative1 & t  ! pro(s 
s f> giv5 did n satisfy him2 b a human  
bone1  :i* he %[$ to ! assembly1 _h     
f9ally conv9c$ him4 ,?is  bone _h       
scrat*es at ! end ( x made by a fl9t4 ,a
 man ( !  age ( cut /one _h tri$ to     
break ! bone at ?is spot4  ,he c\ld n   
succe$4 ,he _h !n tri$ to saw ! bone 9 !
  middle ) a fl9t1 9 ord] to obta9 !    
m>r[1 ) :i* he  wi%$ to regale himself4 

,"s ( ! memb]s laugh$1 especially  :5   
"o1 int]rupt+ ! orator1 rem>k$ t !      
pret5d$  m>ks made by ! /one saw seem$  
fre%1 & produc$ by rec5t  rubb+4 ,:5 !  
demon/ration 0 f9i%$1 ! em95t           
ar*aeologi/1 ,m4 de ,longpri] %[$1 f !  
example (  sev]al hi/orical races1 & by 
specim5s :i* are f\nd 9  public museums1
 t objects ( luxury1 z well z ut5sils1 7
  (t5 made out ( human bones4  #gjg     
,in/ances 7 giv5 ( mallets1 bodk9s1 &   
musical  in/rum5ts4 ,z to ! bone 9 "q1  
no?+ %[$ t !  cuts & scrat*es on x po9t$
 out by ,doctor ,broca 7 n  caus$ by "s 
"o try+ to make a :i/le6 ,! read]  may  
guess ! impression left on ! congress by
 ?is rem>k1 &  ! expression ( ! doctor's
 physiognomy4    ,9 an?ropology z 9     
ar*aeology ! celebrities ( ! congress   
alleg$ well-prov5 facts2 ei!r real      
fossils ( ! human body1  bones1 skulls1 
jaw-bones1 tee?2 or signs naturally     
connect$  ) ! subject1 z hilts ( swords1
 or bracelets fitt+ h&s  or arms mu*    
small] ?an ours4 ,b x 0 fir/ requir$ to 

prove ! au!nticity ( ^! antique objects4
 ,!ories c\ld  n be e/abli%$ until aft] 
! discussion ( ^! facts4 ,s  ! !ori/s 7 
n at ease4 ,!y may h compla9$ (  hav+   
be5 tr\bl$ or gagg$4 ,by :om8 ,by m5 too
 le>n$ to be  ! slaves ( a sy/em4 ,if   
su* compla9t 7 made--& su* is  !        
rumor--!y are ! highe/ eulogium ( ^?    
em95t m54      ,si =te virum quem       
,conspex]e1 sil5t4 ,footnote #ff        
,footnote #ff3 ,! vulg> h]d 9 sil5ce    
awe/ruck scan ,!      face ( him :om    
nature m>ks a man6    ,at ! clos+       
session "s human skulls1 v anci5t or    
suppos$ to be1 7 rang$ on a table4 ,^?  
heads 7  rem>kable = ! extraord9>y l5g? 
( ! occiput1 by _!  retreat+ =eheads1   
high *eek-bones1 & prom95t jaw-bones4   
,! object ( ^! skulls 0 to %[ ! great   
simil>ity  betwe5 ! primitive man & !   
monkey4 ,doctor ,broca1 /&+  be=e !     
table1 made a spee* m ?an an h\r long   
ab\t  ^? skulls1 discuss+ ! au!nticity (
 "s & reason+  on ! o!rs4 ,he spoke also
 ( a s+ul> jaw-bone4 ,he said a  few    

words ab\t ! small h&s4 ,he %\ld        
logically h  conclud$ t ! primitive man 
0 a bro!r ( ! ape4 ,e  "o expect$ ?is4  
,b at ! decisive mom5t1 he :eel$ ab\t1  
& confess$ t !re 7 n yet pro(s en\gh to 
ju/ify  su* a conclusion1 & t x %\ld n  
be urg$4 ,0 he afraid  ( ridicule or 0  
he really conv9c$ 9 mak+ ?is concession8
  ,let u say t x 0 conviction on 8 "p4  
,b ! doctor's  premises 7 n z in(f5sive 
z 8 conclusion4 ,m4 de  ,quatrefages    
made %ort "w ( !m4 ,he s pulv]iz$ !     
argum5ts ( ,doctor ,broca1 t ,c>l ,vogt1
 summon$ aga9/ 8  w to help ! doctor1   
admitt$ ! conclusion ( 8  colleague4    
,vogt began by decl>+ himself a         
,d>w9ian4 ,al?\gh ! !ory  ( ,d>w9 _c    
satisfy ! be/ naturali/s1 x knocks !    
man-monkey completely (f 8 legs4 ,vogt  
admitt$ t x 0  impossible1 9 ! actual   
condition ( sci5ce1 to hold !           
man-monkey op9ion2 s great is ! di/ance 
betwe5 ! l[e/  human type & ! highe/ ape
 type4 ,! ,g5evan ,d>w9ian inde$  add$1 
t we might imag9e1 or might discov] at  

"s  future day a common type ( bo?      
races2 b he 0 n v  sangu9e on ?is po9t4 
,only "o ?+1 said he 9 conclusion1      
rema9s indisputable aft] all our        
discussions on ! capacity (  skulls & ! 
%ape ( ! head1 namely1 ! progressive    
developm5t ( ! bra9 & ( ! human skull1 9
 proportion to  ! increas+ developm5t ( 
intellig5ces4    ,we %all n dispute ?is 
d\ble progress4 ,x has ! sanction (  t  
mo/ em95t naturali/ & an?ropologi/ ,m4  
de  ,quatrefages4 ,we ev5 admit a ?ird  
progress ) ?is  savant2 t made f        
,congress ( ,neuf*tel to !  ,congress ( 
,p>is4 ,ev5 ?\gh we ! %\ld be accus$ (  
optimism1 we %all ev5 hope = great]     
progress 9 ! future  congresses4 ,yes1  
we expect x4 ,pre-hi/orical /udies w add
 to  ! facts already kn[n o!rs m        
significative /ill2 & !  le>n$ w f9ally 
& unanim\sly adopt1 9 default (         
c]titude1 !ories m probable & m conv9c+ 
z !y  approa* ne>] to ! tru?4    ------ 
#gjh                 ,miscellany4       
,s+ul> ,effects ( ,lightn+4--,sir ,david

 ,brew/] has  publi%$ an acc\nt ( !     
effects ( lightn+ 9 ,=f>%ire1  :i* is ( 
mu* int]e/4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahbg1 a       
hay-/ack 0  /ruck by lightn+4 ,! /ack 0 
on fire1 b be=e mu* (  ! hay 0 consum$ !
 fire 0 ext+ui%$ by ! f>m  s]vants4 ,^u 
exam9+ ! hay-/ack1 a circul> passage 0  
obs]v$ 9 ! middle ( x1 z if x _h be5 cut
 out ) a  %>p in/rum5t4 ,?is circul>    
passage ext5d$ to ! bottom (  ! /ack1 & 
t]m9at$ 9 a hole 9 ! gr\nd4 ,capta9     
,?omson1 ( ,montrose1 :o _h a f>m 9 !   
neighborhood1  exam9$ ! /ack1 & f\nd 9 !
 hole a sub/ance :i* he  describ$ z     
resembl+ lava4 ,a portion ( ?is sub/ance
 0  s5t by ,capta9 ,?omson to ,sir      
,david's bro!r1 ,dr4 ,brew/]1 (  ,craig1
 :o =w>d$ x to ,sir ,david1 ) ! prec$+  
/atem5t4 ,! sub/ance f\nd 9 ! hole 0 a  
mass ( silex1  obvi\sly =m$ by ! fusion 
( ! silex 9 ! hay4 ,x _h a  highly      
gre5i% t+e1 & conta9$ burnt portions ( !
 hay4  ,sir ,david pres5t$ ! specim5 to 
! ,museum ( ,/4 ,&rew's4    ----        
,anci5t ,glaci] 9 ! ,pyr5ees4--,m4      

,*>les ,m>t5s1 :o  0 pres5t at ! meet+ (
 ! ,briti% ,association1 read a  pap] on
 ! anci5t glaci] ( ! ,valley ( ,argelez4
 ,?is  glaci] & its afflu5ts desc5d$ f !
 cre/ ( !  ,pyr5ees1 ^: summits n[ rea* 
an altitude v>y+ f #fjjj  to #ijjj feet4
 ,! roots ( ! glaci] 7 9 ! cirques  (   
,gav>nie1 ,tr\m\se1 ,pragnres1 etc41 & !
 glaci] ext5d$  into ! pla9 z f> z !    
villages ( ,peyr\se1 ,l\bajac1 ,ade1    
,juloz1 & ,arcisac-les-,angles4 ,along !
 valley1 poli%$ &  /riat$ rocks1 scrat*$
 pebbles1 glacial mud1 mora9es1 &       
erratic b\ld]s1 are ! pro(s ( its       
exi/5ce4 ,at ,argelez1  ! ?ickness ( !  
glaci] 0 ab\t #bajj feet1 &1 at !  op5+ 
( ! valley at ! foot ( ! ,pic de ,ge]1  
ne>  ,l\rdes1 #abij feet4 ,betwe5       
,l\rdes & ! village ( ,ade1 !  railway  
runs across sev5 mora9es2 & ! railway f 
,l\rdes  to ,pau is cut1 z f> z !       
village ( ,peyr\se1 ?r\gh glacial       
deposits4 ,! ,lake ( ,l\rdes is a       
glacial lake1 b>r$ by a  mora9e1 &      
surr\nd$ by num]\s erratic b\ld]s       

proce$+  f ! high ,pyr5ean m\nta9s4 ,"s 
( ! b\ld]s are (  l>ge dim5sions3 ?us "o
 ( !m1 betwe5 ! lake & !  village (     
,p\eyf]r1 is ?irty feet 9 l5g?1         
tw5ty-?ree  feet 9 wid?1 & elev5 feet 9 
height4 ,?is lake ( ,l\rdes1  surr\nd$  
by hills cov]$ ) bri>s1 rem9ds "o1 9 _m 
respects1 ( ! small lakes ( ,scotl&4    
-----    ,a ,burn+ ,well4--,:ile "s     
artisans 7 engag$ 9  mak+ bor+s = an    
artesian well at ,n>bonne1 ,france1 !   
wat] ru%$ =? ) great viol5ce1 & soon    
bur/ into  flame4 ,! flame1 :i* arises f
 ! combu/ion ( c>burett$  hydrog51 is   
r$di% & smoky1 & does n emit a smell    
ei!r  ( bitum5 or sulphurett$ hydrog54  
#gji  ,! s9k+ = ! spr+ 0 made on ! left 
bran* ( !  ,aude1 9 a pla9 situate ab\t 
two metres above ! sea-level1  & compos$
 ( alluvial mud4 ,! alluvial mud ext5ds 
to a dep?  ( six metres2 !n foll[ t]ti>y
 lime/ones & m>ls1 )  ! rema9s ( m>9e   
%ells4 ,at ! dep? ( sev5ty metres1 !    
spr+ conta9+ ! inflammable gas 0 met )4 
----    ,comets & ,meteors4--,9 a pap]  

on ?is subject1 laid  be=e a late meet+ 
( ! ,a/ronomical ,society1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,j4 
,/ony1 ,secret>y to ! ,que5's ,univ]sity
 9 ,irel&1 makes !  foll[+ int]e/+      
obs]vations1 :i* t5d to %[1 z           
,s*iap>elli has already po9t$ out1 t !re
 is a v  natural relation%ip betwe5     
comets & meteors4 ,if int]/ell>  space1 
ext]nal to ! sol> sy/em1 be1 z is mo/   
probable1  peopl$ ) innum]able meteoric 
bodies indep5d5t ( "o  ano!r1 a comet   
:ile outside ! sol> sy/em w\ld 9 !      
lapse ( ages collect a va/ clu/] ( su*  
meteorites )9  itself4 ,ea* meteorite   
:i* approa*$ ! comet w\ld 9  g5]al d s 9
 a p>abolic orbit2 &1 if x came ne>     
en\gh  to pass ?r\gh a "p ( ! comet1 ?is
 p>abolic orbit w\ld1  by ! resi/ance ( 
! matt] ( ! comet1 be conv]t$ into  an  
ellipse4 ,! meteor w\ld1 !re=e1 return  
aga9 & aga91  & on ea* occasion t x     
pass$ ?r\gh ! comet its orbit  w\ld be  
/ill fur!r %ort5$1 until at l5g? x w\ld 
fall  91 & add "o to :atev] clu/] _h be5
 br\ght toge!r by  ! previ\s repetitions

 ( ?is process4 ,9 ?is way a comet1     
:ile mov+ 9 out] space1 beyond ! rea* ( 
! _m  p[]ful di/urb+ influ5ces :i*      
prevail )9 ! sol>  sy/em1 w\ld          
inevitably accumulate )9 itself j su* a 
globul> clu/] ( meteors z ! ,novemb]    
meteors mu/ h  be5 be=e !y became       
associat$ ) ! sol> sy/em4    ----    ,h[
 ! ,e>?'s ,rotation affects             
,gunn]y4--,"s may be  f\nd to d\bt t !  
movem5t ( ! e>? affects !  direction ( a
 ball expell$ f a cannon2 nev]!less1 !  
fact is correct4 ,9 ! ,a/ronomical      
,regi/]1 ,mr4 ,k9caid  says t a simple  
illu/ration ( ?is effect may be made by 
atta*+ to ! same axis two :eels (       
diff]5t diamet]s1 s  t bo? %all rotate  
toge!r4 ,if ! "o h a diamet] (  ?ree    
feet1 & ! o!r ( "o foot1 x is evid5t t  
any  po9t on ! circumf]5ce ( ! l>g] w1  
dur+ a  revolution1 move ?r\gh ?ree     
times z mu* space z a simil>  po9t on ! 
p]iph]y ( ! less] circle1 & w1 !re=e1   
move ) ?ree times ! velocity4 ,! figure 
( ! e>? may  be consid]$ z made up ( an 

inf9ite numb] ( su* :eels1  dim9i%+ 9   
size f ! equator to ! poles1 & all      
revolv+ 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,n[1 if a gun 
be fir$ f !  equator 9 ! direction ( !  
m]idian1 :i* is obvi\sly t  ( maximum   
deviation1 at an object ne>] ! pole1 x  
is pla9  t t object1 be+ situat$ on a   
small] circle ?an !  gun1 b revolv+ 9 ! 
same int]val ( "t1 w move1  dur+ !      
flight ( ! projectile1 ?r\gh less space 
ea/w>d  ?an ! %ot1 :i* w h imp>t$ to x !
 great]  velocity ( ! l>g] circle f :i* 
x />t$1 & !  latt] w !re=e t5d to /rike 
ea/w>d f its butt4    ----    ,dodo-l   
,birds ( ! ,masc>5e ,isl&s4--,!         
,committee  appo9t$ 9 #ahfe to          
inve/igate ?is gr\p1 has produc$ little 
result beyond ! collection ( a numb] (  
bones f ,rodriguez4  ,pr(essor ,newton  
made "s g5]al rem>ks ^u ! specim5s      
collect$1 & he especially dwelt on an   
unexpect$ confirmation  ( ! te/imony (  
,leguat1 by ! discov]y ( an extraord9>y 
bony knob ne> ! extremity ( ! w+4       
,leguat1 ^: acc\nt  ( ! ,solitaire's    

habits 0 ! only "o we possess$1  m5tion$
 a curi\s ball1 z big z a musket-bullet1
 :i*  ! male birds possess$ "u _!       
w+-fea!rs4 ,n[1 !  exi/5ce ( ?is ball 0 
prov$ by ! bony knob exhibit$1 &  ?us ! 
v]acity ( old ,leguat1 on ?is po9t1 z on
 s _m  o!rs1 0 confirm$4 ,9 conclusion1 
,pr(essor ,newton call$  att5tion to !  
fact t at pres5t we only knew ( ! did9e 
bird ( ! isl& ( ,reunion1 t x 0 :ite4   
#gaj  ,9 ! c\rse ( la/ ye>1 ,mr4        
,tegetmei] _h %[n him an old  wat]-color
 pa9t+ ( a :ite dodo1 & ?is1 he 0 incl9$
  to believe1 might repres5t ?is lo/    
species1 ( :i* he  tru/$ ! ,fr5*        
naturali/s 9 t isl& w\ld succe$ 9       
obta9+ actual relics4    ----    ,mr4   
,foley's model = ! ,o',connell ,national
 ,monum5t 9 ,dubl9  has be5 unanim\sly  
adopt$ by ! ,committee4 ,! "w w be  =ty 
feet high1 execut$ 9 bronze & granite4  
#aj1jjj is  already subscrib$ t[>d ! co/
 ( its erection4    ----    ,a ,sl&]    
,refut$4--,a "w has lately appe>$ 9     
,engl&1  9 :i* ev]y?+ ,spani% is spok5 (

 ) ! greate/  contempt4 ,9 reply to !   
accusations made aga9/ ! que5's  *apla91
 ! ,rev]5d ,canon ,dalton writes ?us to 
!  ,a!naeum3 ,w y all[ me to prote/     
aga9/  ! "* drawn by ,miss ,edw>ds (    
,padre ,cl>et 9 h] rec5t  "w entitl$1   
,?r\gh ,spa9 to ! ,sah>a1 :i* 0  review$
 9 y\r la/ numb]1 ,decemb] #ad?8 ,:5 ,i 
0 9 ,spa9  la/ ye>1 ,i _h sev]al        
int]views ) ! que5's confessor4  ,!     
e/imate :i* ,i 0 !n enabl$ to =m ( 8 "* 
0 ! v opposite to t drawn by ! au?oress4
 ,i  %\ld l to "k if ,miss ,edw>ds ev]  
spoke a s+le ^w to  ,padre ,cl>et1 or   
ev5 ev] saw him4 ,!n !re is ! te/imony  
( ,lady ,h]b]t1 9 h] "w entitl$         
,impressions ( ,spa9  9 #ahff1 7,london1
 ,b5tley1 #ahfg17 at pages #baa-ab2 h]  
lady%ip  draws a v diff]5t "* ( !       
,padre1 tak5 f a  p]sonal int]view ) !  
illu/ri\s prelate4 ,aga9 ,i %\ld  l to  
"k :at reasons ,miss ,edw>ds has = /yl+ 
,cl>et's  "w1 ,la ,clave de ,oro1 a     
co>se "w8 ,all ! works  :i* he has      
publi%$ are purely ( a devotional or    

lit]>y  "*1 & ,i am q confid5t t no?+   
'co>se' or  unbecom+ c be f\nd 9 any "o 
( !m4 ,la/ly1 ,i nev] he>d  ( ,padre    
,cl>et's coa* be+ driv5 by f\r spl5did  
mules1 because ,i believe he is n       
possess$ ev5 ( a cab6  ,j4 ,dalton4     
--------          ,new ,publications4   
,lectures ,on ,reason ,& ,revelation4   
,deliv]$ 9 ,/4 ,ann's ,*ur*1 ,new ,york1
    dur+ ! ,season ( ,adv5t1 #ahfg4     
,by ! ,rev4 ,?omas ,s4 ,pre/on4    ,new 
,york3 ,! ,ca?olic ,publication ,h\se1  
#abf ,nassau ,/reet4    ,! ,lectures    
publi%$ 9 ?is volume 7 deliv]$ dur+ !   
,sunday ev5+s ( ,adv5t1 9 ,/4 ,ann's    
,*ur*4 ,!y are five 9  numb]1 on !      
foll[+ subjects3 ,! ,(fice ( ,reason1   
,relations ( ,reason & ,fai?1           
,conditions ( ,revelation1  ,revelation 
& ,prote/antism1 ,revelation & !        
,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,! au?or's !sis may be 
?us /at$3 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is  prov$ by
 reason alone1 f ! evid5ces ( cr$ibility
 by  :i* ! ,*ri/ian revelation is       
demon/rat$4 ,! ,introduction1  :i* is a 

di/9ct essay 9 itself1 disposes ( two   
objections2  fir/1 t ! evid5ce (        
,*ri/ianity c be appli$ to pure         
,prote/antism1 & second1 t ! ,ca?olic   
,*ur* ought to be  prov$ by miracles    
occurr+ 9 e age ( h] hi/ory1 z well  z  
at ! outset4 ,! ,rev4 au?or has h&l$ 8  
topics )  great ability1 9 a cle>1 neat1
 & attractive mann]1 & )  a brevity &   
simplicity :i* detract no?+ f ! =ce (  !
 reason+1 :ile !y light5 v mu* ! task ( 
!  read]4 ,^! ,lectures w be ( great    
s]vice bo?1 to  ,ca?olics & to          
well-dispos$ inquir]s aft] tru?4 ,!     
typographical execution ( ! volume is 9 
! be/ /yle4 ,z a  specim5 ( our au?or's 
me?od & /yle1 we extract !  foll[+      
passage f ! introduction4    #gaa       
,9 ! foll[+ lectures x is ! aim ( !     
au?or to set    =?1 9 a cle> & concise  
mann]1 a simple argum5t :]eby    !      
claims ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* are           
sub/antiat$ by reason    alone4 ,9 !    
mid/ ( ! excitem5ts ( our day "s ( !    
pla9e/ tru?s are =gott51 & m5 hold      

op9ions or pass to    conclusions )\t   
any logical gr\nds :atev]4 ,!y ev5      
sometimes contradict ! propositions :i* 
are self-evid5t to    reason 9 _! zeal =
 intellectual progress & emancipation   
f ! ?raldom ( ! pa/4 ,t :i* is new is   
s\ght    aft]1 ev5 ?\gh x ov]?r[ !      
belief ( tru?s h]et(ore    g5]ally      
admitt$4 ,we are n believ]s 9 total     
depravity1    & h1 !re=e1 great         
confid5ce 9 ! good :i* /ill    rema9s 9 
human nature4 ,& z we "k t ,god's grace 
is    ev] ) man to assi/ him to ! k ( ! 
tru?1 &    to lead him 9 ! way ( virtue1
 we h great hopes t !    intellectual & 
moral movem5ts ( our day w guide !      
hone/ & s9c]e m9d to ! true light :i* is
 its only    illum9ation4 ,x is a great 
mi/ake to suppose t !    ,ca?olic ,*ur* 
requires ( any man t he %\ld d away )   
8 reason1 or cease to ex]cise ^? p[]s   
:i* ,god has    giv5 him = ! prop]      
appreciation ( tru? & goodness4 ,to     
man's intellig5ce revelation is         
address$1 & e new light    f above only 

s]ves to enl>ge ! ?ir/ = k4 ,!    div9e 
ways are ev] h>moni\s1 & ! sup]natural  
tru?    w nev] contradict ! natural4 ,! 
argum5t ( ^!    lectures dep5ds ^u ! =ce
 ( reason alone4 ,we briefly    expla9 !
 nature ( human reason & ! sph]e ( its  
op]ation4 ,we %[ h[ ! div9e revelation  
gives its un]r+    evid5ce1 to :i* a j  
intellig5ce mu/ submit4 ,we    v9dicate 
all ! natural p[]s1 & def5d ! ex]cise ( 
_! j pr]ogatives4 ,god1 speak+ to man1  
is b\nd to give    him unmi/akable signs
 t he is speak+1 & t no    deceiv] is   
impos+ ^u u4 ,:5 ^! signs are giv51 !n  
we are b\nd to believe ! div9e te/imony1
 & entirely to    accept tru?s :i* !    
v]acity ( our ,mak] v\*es =4    ,private
 judgm5t has its full scope1 z to x are 
cle>ly    pres5t$ ! tok5s ( e           
sup]natural int]v5tion4 ,!    extr9sic  
cr$ibility ( doctr9es propos$ to fai? is
 ?us    assur$ to ! full conviction ( ! 
und]/&+4 ,if we g    on to say t reason 
assur$ ( a revelation _c !n be    !     
judge ( ! intr9sic cr$ibility ( a dogma 

cle>ly    reveal$1 we only say t reason 
mu/ act 9 its own sph]e1    & t ! f9ite 
mu/ n v5ture to measure ! inf9ite4      
,x seems to u t no logical objection c  
be made aga9/    su* a re/riction (     
private judgm5t4 ,if man1 by 8 unaid$   
p[]s1 c\ld f9d out all necess>y tru?1   
!re w\ld be no    ne$ ( a revelation4 ,(
 ?+s beyond ! scope ( 8    und]/&+1 man 
c c]ta9ly be no judge1 :ile x is        
equally c]ta9 t ! ^w ( ,god c nev]      
deceive4      ,x is also a great        
misund]/&+ to suppose t ,ca?olics    are
 n all[$ to use _! reason1 or t fai? has
 tak5    ! place ( our ord9>y           
intellig5ce4 ,s f> f ! tru?    is ?is   
supposition1 t ! aim ( ! pres5t "w w be 
to %[ t ,ca?olics alone are ! foll[]s ( 
true reason1    always yield+ ob$i5ce to
 its j dictates1 & nev]    sw]v+ 9 any  
way f its rigid conclusions4 ,! ,ca?olic
    fai? pres5ts all its unansw]able    
claims be=e ! m9d1 &    !n1 z x appeals 
to our natural s5se ( tru? & ju/ice1    
x _c contradict itself by do+ away ) ! v

 faculty    :i* is made ! judge ( its   
pret5sions4 ,reason1 rightly            
und]/ood1 leads ) c]ta9ty to ! light (  
revelation1    & t light does 9 no way  
ext+ui% ! _s or vitality    ( nature4   
,!re is full scope = ! play ( ! highe/  
intellig5ce1 n 9 ! contradiction (      
evid5ce cle>ly    e/abli%$1 nor 9 d\bt+ 
tru? already manife/1 b 9 !    con/ant &
 daily increas+ appreciation ( !        
beauties (    ,god's revelation :]eby   
all our faculties are br\ght into       
p]fect h>mony4 ,!re is nei!r manl9ess   
nor wisdom 9 !    /ate ( p]petual d\bt  
:i* appe>s to be *os5 by _m z    !      
ex]cise ( a preci\s lib]ty4 ,! ,ca?olic 
believes    because he has evid5ce ( !  
div9e p[] & goodness1 &    9 ! v highe/ 
ex]cise ( reason b[s d[n to ,god & him  
only4 ,no human organization has a "r to
 b9d our    consci5ces1 & no body ( m5 c
 =m or direct our fai?4    ,god alone is
 our ma/]1 ^: ^w is a law to our        
und]/&+s & our he>ts4 ,! *ur* is        
recogniz$ by u    because he has        

e/abli%$ x1 & giv5 to x au?ority to     
tea* 9 8 "n1 & we are ev] ready to give 
to any hone/    m9d a reason = ! fai? we
 hold & pr(ess4      ----    #gab       
,poems4    ,by ,ell5 ,clem5t9e ,h[>?4   
,new>k3 ,m>t9 ,r4 ,d5nis  ,co4 #ahfh4   
,poets are said to deal 9 fiction1 :i*  
does n1 h[ev]1 imply  t :at !y s+ is    
false4 ,"o may relate a purely fictiti\s
  /ory1 & x be an ow]-true tale = all t4
 ,9 fact1  poetry is ! mo/ beautiful =m 
( ! expression ( tru?4  ,tell ! tru? 9  
hone/ pla9 prose1 & ! *ances are t  y   
tell some?+ v unpalatable4 ,facts are   
prov]bially h>d4  ,on ! contr>y1 poetry 
7if x des]ves ! "n7 is ev]  *>m+1 w9n+1 
& popul>4 ,we say )\t hesitation1 few ( 
our liv+ lyric poets h wrea!d m *>m+    
v]ses ?an  ,mrs4 ,h[>?4 ,simple &       
unaffect$ z !y are1 e l9e  brea!s !     
pure/ s5tim5t1 & s5ds its t\*+ pa?os    
/raight to ! he>t4 ,! reason is pla94   
,%e reveals ! tru?  z h] own he>t has   
kn[n x4 ,"h %e guilelessly tells m (  h]
 own life1 ) all its /ruggles1 toil1 &  

bitt] sorr[s1  ?an we ?9k %e int5d$4 ,9 
a ^w1 x is a volume n = !  eye (        
/rang]s1 b = ! lov+ p]usal ( fri5ds to  
:om  %e w\ld wi% to speak eye to eye &  
s\l to s\l4 ,we d n  wond]1 !re=e1 t1 :5
 ^! poems appe>$ a few ye>s  ago "u !   
title ( ,! ,w9d ,h>p1 )\t any prefatory 
key  to _! orig91 a few c>eless critics 
%\ld h fail$ to  p5etrate ! hidd5 dep?s 
( _! mean+4 ,our space does n  p]mit u  
to quote z freely z we c\ld wi%4 ,!re   
are "s  und\bt$ly bett] ?an o!rs1 b !re 
is n "o :i* our  read]s w\ld n f9d wor?y
 ( p>ticul> *oice & ( special  m]it4    
,! fir/1 ,! ,passion ,fl[]1 well des]ves
 its place (  honor4 ,we give ! op5+    
v]se3      ,i pluck$ x 9 an idle h\r1   
,& plac$ x 9 my book ( pray]2     ',tis 
n ! only passion fl[]     ,t ha? be5    
cru%$ & hidd5 !re4     ,& n[ ?r\gh      
floods ( burn+ te>s     ,my )]$ bloom   
once m ,i see1     ,& ,i lam5t ! long1  
long ye>s1     ,! wa/$ ye>s af> f ,!e4  
,f a poem entitl$ ,ge?semane we cull ?is
 mo/ beautiful &  truly sublime ?\ght4  

',tis said t e e>?ly s\nd     ,goes     
trembl+ ?r\gh ! voiceless sph]es1       
,be>+ its endless e*oes r\nd     ,!     
pa?way ( et]nal ye>s4     ,ah6 surely1  
!n1 ! sighs t ,he     ,t midnight       
brea!d1 ! zephyrs bore     ,f ?y dim    
%ades1 ,ge?semane1     ,to ?rill ! _w = 
ev]more6    ,& :o c read ! foll[+ )\t   
emotion8          ,my ,soldi] ,comes ,no
 ,m      ,yes1 _m a he>t is light       
to-day1       ,& bright is _m a home1   
,& *ildr5 dance along ! way       ,!    
soldi] h]oes come3     ,& b&s b5ea? !   
floral ar*       ,! gladde/ music p\r2  
,:ile beats my he>t a fun]al m>*--      
,my soldi] comes no m4       ,"o morn f 
him glad tid+s came1       ,joy to my   
he>t !y gave2     ,at night ,i read my  
h]o's "n       ,amid ! fall5 brave4     
,i "k n :]e he met ! foe1       ,nor :]e
 he sleeps 9 gore2     ,en\gh ( woe = me
 to "k1       ,my soldi] comes no m4    
,n[ "h !y come ) heavy tramp1       ,&  
flags & p5nons gay1     ,:o 7 8 comrades
 9 ! camp1       ,8 fri5ds = _m a day4  

,! music ceases z !y pass       ,be=e my
 cottage door2     ,! flags are l[]$2 !y
 "k1 alas6       ,my soldi] comes no m4 
,:at c>e ,i = ! seasons n[8       ,! _w 
has lo/ its light3     ,no spr+ c clo!  
my leafless b\gh1       ,no morn dispel 
my night2     ,no long] may ,i hopeful  
wait       ,= summ] to re/ore3     ,my  
he>t & home are desolate--       ,my    
soldi] comes no m4      ,judg+ f su*    
poems z ,! ,tress ( ,gold5 ,hair1       
,adrift1  ,! ,/rang]'s ,grave1 & o!r    
pieces sugge/$ by "s  ord9>y accid5t 9  
life1 ,mrs4 ,h[>? possesses "o ( ^?     
f9ely /rung natures :i*1 l ! ,a,eolian  
h>p1 are mov$ to  give =? h>mony at !   
slighte/ brea? t passes4 ,!  =m] title (
 h] book1 ,! ,w9d ,h>p1 01 to our ?9k+1 
s+ul>ly appropriate4 ,! pres5t volume is
 publi%$ 9  fir/-class /yle4    ----    
#gac      ,an ,epi/le ,( ,jesus ,*ri/   
,to ,! ,fai?ful ,s\l4    ,writt5 9 ,lat9
    by ,joannes ,lansp]gius1 a          
,*>t]-,h\se ,monk1    & translat$ into  
,engli% by    ,"l ,philip1 ,x,i,xth ,e>l

 ( ,arundel4    ,new ,york3 ,ca?olic    
,publication ,society4    ,?is little   
book w be hail$ by ! fai?ful s\l :o     
desires  to increase v mu* 9 ! love (   
,god1 z if x 71 :at its  title          
expresses1 a lett] writt5 by ! ,savi\r (
 ! _w  himself1 & address$ to him       
p]sonally4 ,x embodies ! v1  _s & life (
 8 in/ructions1 & tea*es u practically  
h[ to c>ry out 9 a sy/ematic way ! tea*+
 ( ! ,s]mon  on ! ,m\nt4 ,x is easy to  
read t div9e s]mon 9 a  s5tim5tal way1  
to feel some:at good :ile read+ x1 b    
)\t ga!r+ mu* ( its mean+1 or ) any     
desire to  practise x any m ?an may be  
conv5i5t4 ,?is book w n  be v palatable 
to su* p]sons4 ,x conta9s ! /rong meat  
= vigor\s & e>ne/ s\ls1 r ?an ! light & 
unsub/antial fro? :i* m]ely n\ri%es a   
sickly  s5tim5talism4 ,we d n d\bt !re  
are ?\s&s ( dev\t  p]sons 9 ?is c\ntry  
:o w\ld f9d 9 ?is little "w an          
invaluable treasure1 &1 once possess+ x1
 !y w\ld on no  acc\nt be will+ to "p ) 
x4 ,!y w\ld f9d its  directions pla9 &  

simple1 & em95tly fitt$ to lift !m up   
out ( a l[ spirituality to ! highe/ /ate
 ( religi\s peace  & p]fection4 ,w\ld to
 ,god ?is notice may meet _! eye1 s  t  
!y may n be )\t x4 ,we ne$ j su* books  
n[ 9  ?is c\ntry1 to s]ve to make a     
numb] ( sa9ts & sa9tly  p]sons1 :o %all 
draw d[n f heav5 a b5$iction on n  only 
!mselves1 b on ! *ur* ( ,god & all our  
fell[-citiz5s4 ,may m ( !m be drawn out 
( ! /oreh\se  ( old true ,ca?olic piety 
& devotion1 = our spiritual joy  &      
edification4    ,x is only necess>y to  
add1 t ! ,engli% ( ! translation  is    
delightful1 :ile ! me*anical gett+ up ( 
! book1 its  pap] & type1 r5d] x mo/    
agreeable to read4    ----      #a4     
,napoleon ,& ,! ,que5 ,( ,prussia4      
,an ,hi/orical ,novel1 by ,l4 ,mhlba*4  
,translat$ f ! ,g]man1 by ,f4 ,jordan4  
,complete 9 "o volume1 ) illu/rations4  
,new ,york3 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4 #ahfg4  
#hvo1 pp4 #bfe4      #b4 ,! ,daught] ,( 
,an ,empress4    ,an ,hi/orical ,novel1 
by ,l4 ,mhlba*2    translat$ f ! ,g]man 

by ,na?aniel ,gre5e4    ,complete 9 "o  
volume1 ) illu/rations4    ,new ,york3  
,d4 ,appleton  ,co4 #ahfg1 #hvo1 pp4    
#bee4      #c4 ,m>ie ,anto9ette ,& ,h]  
,son4    ,an ,hi/orical ,novel1 by ,l4  
,mhlba*4    ,complete 9 "o volume1 )    
illu/rations4    ,new ,york3 ,d4        
,appleton  ,co4 #ahfg4 #hvo1 pp4 #cja4  
,on a =m] occasion we notic$ ?ree ( !   
,mhlba* books1 all  we _h !n read1 z    
favorably z our consci5ce w\ld p]mit2  =
 we wi% to be ?\ght capable ( recogniz+ 
lit]>y m]it  9 books writt5 by o!rs ?an 
,ca?olics4 ,n[1 ,ca?olics h at  lea/    
nature1 &1 ?\gh we d n recognize !      
suffici5cy (  nature )\t grace1 we yet d
 n hold x to be totally  corrupt1 or    
c\nt x good = no?+4 ,we are always ready
 to  recognize m]it 9 lit]>y works1 by  
:omsoev] writt51 if  able1 & true to    
g5u9e nature4 ,! ,mhlba* novels are     
writt5  ) _s & ability1 a tal5t almo/   
approa*+ to g5ius1  ) "s t\*es ( nature1
 & ) consid]able hi/orical  in=mation4  
,hav+ said s mu*1 we h exhau/$ our      

praise4  ,! works are true ?r\gh\t nei!r
 to nature nor to hi/ory1  & _! moral   
tone is l[ & un:olesome--pagan1 n       
,*ri/ian4 ,_! popul>ity1 :i* c be b     
%ort-liv$--=  x is h>dly possible to    
read "o ( !m a second "t--speaks  v     
little 9 favor ( ! ta/e1 ! k ( hi/ory1  
or  ! moral tone ( our ,am]ican read+   
public1 z f> z  publi%$4 ,! lea/ faulty1
 & to u ! lea/ repulsive ( !  s]ies1 is 
,napoleon & ! ,que5 ( ,prussia1 ?\gh x  
%[s less ability ?an ,joseph ,,ii4 & 8  
,c\rt4 ,we broke  d[n be=e we got half  
?r\gh ,! ,daught] ( an  ,empress1 & we h
 read only a few pages ( ,m>ie          
,anto9ette & h] ,son4 ,we h _h no desire
 to h our  feel+s h>r[$ up by a fre%    
recital ( ! horrors ( !  ,fr5*          
,revolution1 especially ( ! wrongs ( !  
beautiful &  lovely ,que5 ( ,france1 & !
 "y ,dauph94 ,napoleon &  ! ,que5 (     
,prussia is1 h[ev]1 a book we c read1 & 
"s portions ( x ) deep int]e/2 b ev5 ?is
 is  disfigur$ by namby-pamby s5tim5t4  
#gad  ,adult]\s love1 self-murd]s1 &    

horrors ( all sorts1 en\gh  bo? to      
disgu/ ! ,*ri/ian read]1 & to give ev5 a
 read]  ( /rong n]ves ! nightm>e = weeks
 aft] read+ x4 ,!  ,mhlba* is 9 ec/asy (
 delight :5 ,napoleon ov]comes !  virtue
 ( ! ,c\ntess ,walewski1 & has no d\bt t
 !  self-murd]] has end$ all 8 tr\bles &
 re/s 9 peace4 ,%e  seems1 ?r\gh all h] 
books1 n to reg>d adult]y1 if prompt$   
by love1 or suicide ei!r1 if inspir$ by 
disappo9t$  patriotism1 z a s94 ,inde$1 
?r\gh\t %e writes z a  l[-m9d$ pagan1 n 
z a high-m9d$ ,*ri/ian4 ,%e  apo!osizes 
p]sons :o die ) imprecations ( v5geance 
on  _! enemies 9 _! m\?s1 & by _! own   
h&s2 & ev5  ! beautiful & sl&]$ ,que5   
,l\isa has no high]  aspirations ?an ^? 
( patriotism4    ,we h h]et(ore said ( !
 ,mhlba* books t !y h too  mu* fiction =
 hi/ory1 & too mu* hi/ory = fiction2 b  
ev5 a great "p ( h] hi/ory is itself    
fiction1 9 ! s5se  ( be+ untrue1 :i*    
fiction nev] ne$ be4 ,scott1 9 8        
hi/orical novels1 commits a ?\s&        
ana*ronisms1 mi/akes "o  p]son = ano!r1 

& is r>ely accurate 9 ! m9ut]  details2 
b he nev] falsifies hi/ory1 & !         
impression he  gives ( an epo* or a     
hi/orical p]son is always tru?ful4 ,!   
impression ! ,mhlba* gives1 ev5 :5      
hi/orically correct z  to details1 is   
unhi/orical & untrue4 ,we are no        
believ]s 9  ! immaculate virtue or      
high-m9d$ness ( ! royal &  imp]ial c\rts
 ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 b no "o :o        
reflects a mom5t c believe t ! ,mhlba*  
gives a true  picture ( !m4 ,!re is no  
d\bt at all times mu* illicit  love1    
cunn+1 intrigue1 cruelty1 vice1 & crime1
 9 ! ranks  ( ! great1 b our exp]i5ce   
proves t !re is some?+  else !re also4  
,at ! "t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution !        
nobility 7 corrupt en\gh1 b 7 !y m s ?an
 !  p :o w>r$ aga9/ !m8 ,7 ! murd]]s &  
applaud]s  ( ! murd] ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 &   
,m>ie ,anto9ette sup]ior to !m  9 ei!r  
public or private virtue8 ,if ! great   
are bad1 !  little are seldom bett]2 &  
no?+ c h a m un:olesome  effect on      
society ?an ! multitude ( novels p\r$ =?

 by  little wom5 & less m51 pr(ess+ to  
describe ! mann]s &  morals1 b really   
traduc+ ! mann]s & morals ( ! upp]      
classes4 ,su* novels are untrue 9 fact1 
& s]ve only to  gratify ! mean curiosity
 & malice ( ! envi\s & !  malignant4    
,:oev] reads ! late book ( ! ,que5 (    
,great  ,brita9 & ,irel& w f9d t %e & h]
 husb& furni%$  a model ( ! dome/ic     
virtues & affections4 ,ev5 :5 !  ,mhlba*
 pr(esses to write hi/ory1 %e does n    
write x1 &  p]v]ts x q unnecess>ily :5  
by no means dem&$ by !  ae/hetic        
exig5cies ( h] /ory4 ,we pass ov] !     
calumnies (  ! ,jesuits & ! private life
 ( ,ganganelli1 ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiv4    
,!y please u bett] ?an w\ld h] praise4  
,b %e repres5ts  ,*>les ,,iii41 ,k+ (   
,spa91 z refus+ 8 cons5t to !           
suppression ( ! ,society ( ,jesus aft]  
he _h expell$ !  ,jesuits f 8 own       
dom9ions1 & :5 he 0 mo/ urg5t (  all !  
,b\rbon pr9ces = _! suppression4 ,%e    
repres5ts  ,france z 9 favor ( !        
suppression1 b hold+ back h]  =mal ass5t

 till %e c\ld secure t ( ,spa91 :5 x is 
well kn[n1 t ! ,k+1 ,l\is ,,xv4 &       
,*oiseul1 !n at !  head ( ! ,fr5*       
gov]nm5t1 7 r favorable to !  ,jesuits  
?an o!rwise1 & gave !m up only aft] a   
decree (  p>liam5t _h be5 r5d]$ aga9/   
!m1 & ev5 !n only 9  ord] to obta9 f !  
p>liam5t1 always _! bitt] enemies1  !   
regi/]+ ( c]ta9 edicts 9 :i* ! m9i/]    
believ$  ,france 0 m int]e/$ ?an 9      
pres]v+ ! society4 ,!  ,spani%1 ,fr5*1  
,portuguese1 & sev]al ( ! ,italian      
pr9ces1  dem&$ ( ! pope1 "u ?reats (    
s*ism1 ! suppression (  ! ord] be=e !   
,empress ,m>ie ,!resa reluctantly       
cons5t$1  at ! ord] ( ! pope1 to all[ ! 
,bull suppress+ !  society to be publi%$
 9 h] dom9ions1 z ! ,mhlba* has  h]self 
describ$ 9 h] ,joseph ,,ii4 & 8 ,c\rt4  
#gae  ,^! works are n only n tru/wor?y 9
 _! hi/ory1 n  only 9 _! gr\p+ & color+ 
falsify x1 b !y p]v]t  ! judgm5t1       
prejudice ! m9d s aga9/ ! tru? t x is   
able only ) great difficulty to         
recognize x :5 x comes to  be pres5t$ by

 le>n$ & fai?ful hi/orians4    ,! real  
"n ( ! writ] ( ! ,mhlba* books is no    
secret4  ,%e is a wid[1 said to be      
p]sonally a v e/imable lady2 &  x has   
be5 report$ t %e int5ds com+ to ?is     
c\ntry &  tak+ up h] resid5ce ) u1 &    
c]ta9ly we w\ld n treat  h] unc\rte\sly4
 ,b if ! report be true1 x is a good    
pro(  t h] works are n v popul> 9       
,g]many1 & br+ h] b  small pecuni>y     
remun]ation4 ,h] works w n long be      
popul>  ev5 9 ?is c\ntry2 = _! popul>ity
 "h has1 to a great  ext5t1 be5 due to  
_! suppos$ value z tru?ful pictures (  !
 c\rts ( ,b]l91 ,vi5na1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 
,p>is1 & ,rome1 9  ! la/ c5tury1 n to _!
 weak & sickly s5tim5talism1  _! l[     
moral tone1 _! wor%ip ( ,v5us or        
,ant]os1 or _!  cynicism 9 religion4 ,! 
,am]ican p are excessively fond (  read+
 ab\t c\rts1 k+s & que5s1 emp]ors &     
empresses1  dukes & du*esses1 c\nts &   
c\ntesses2 & *iefly because  !y h no su*
 ?+s among !mselves1 !y see !m only z   
%r\d$ 9 my/]y4 ,b :5 !y f9d t ! ,mhlba* 

books  d n1 aft] all1 raise ! veil1 or  
give any tru/wor?y  acc\nt ( !m1 !y w   
drop !m2 = !y adopt z _!  motto1 ,ern/  
i/ das ,leb51 & c nev] be long  fasc9at$
 by ! debas$ paganism ( ! ,mhlba*4 ,we  
w\ld by  no means d ! au?or ! slighte/  
h>m 9 "* or purse1  b we advise h] 9 !  
future n to make h] novels s]mons or    
moral lectures1 b to animate !m ) a real
 e?ical _s1  s t !y w make ! read]      
/rong] & bett]1 n weak]  & worse ev5 9 !
 natural ord]4    ------      ,two ,?\s&
 ,miles ,on ,horseback4      ,santa ,fe 
,& ,back4      ,a ,summ] ,t\r ,?r\gh    
,kansas1    ,nebraska1 ,colorado1 ,&    
,new-,mexico1    ,9 ,! ,ye> #ahff4      
,by ,james ,f4 ,mel9e4    ,new ,york3   
,hurd  ,h\ghton4 #ahfg4    ,really good 
books ( travel h be5 f\nd s ent]ta9+ &  
successful 9 "t pa/1 t m rec5tly e qu>t]
 ( !  accessible globe has spawn$       
t\ri/s1 & j\rnals1 & di>ies1  & notes1 &
 visits1 ( a ?\s& v>ieties ( vapidness4 
,engl&1 z usual 9 matt]s ( sup]ficial   
m$iocrity1  has be5 completely di/anc$  

by ,am]ica4 ,we h doz5s (  di>i/s :o are
 promis+ c&idates = ! complim5t "s      
wick$ _s once paid ,bay>d ,taylor--(    
hav+ travell$ m  & se5 less ?an any man 
liv+4 ,s+ul>ly en\gh1 our own  c\ntry   
has f>$ ! wor/ at our own h&s2 s+ul>ly1 
because1 full ( natural wond]s ( its    
own1 x has n to s5d  its ,w9wood ,reades
 to ,s5egambia = int]e/+ mat]ial1 &  its
 *>m+1 boy-belov$ ,capta9 ,mayne to swe>
 at ! luckless  closet-naturali/ f all !
 corn]s ( ! _w4 ,we c\ld  turn all !    
,royal ,societies loose along !         
,mississippi1 &  furni% !m matt] = a    
qu>to to ea* ,f4,r4,s4 ,yet s9ce ,porte 
,crayon %>p5$ ! lead-p5cil into !       
w>-spe>1 & 8  *>m+ c\s9s /epp$ f9ally   
out ( ! c>riage1 & ,little  ,mice sank  
to ! level ( a man & a bro!r1 & possible
  ,congressman1 only "o travell] wor?   
foll[+ has kept !  field--! inimitable1 
! p]5nial ,ross ,br[ne1 9 ,wa%oe1 or    
,italy1 or ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 /ill ! pr9ce 
& palad9 (  t\ri/s4 ,?us !re is wondr\s 
great room 9 ! upp] /ory (  ?is         

lit]ature1 ) a :ole fre% "y cont95t to  
hold !  mirror to4 ,mr4 ,mel9e has      
*all5g$ boldly & well = a good  place 9 
! front rank ( our books ( travel4 ,he  
has great  advantages & great aptitude =
 ! task4 ,8 advantages are  t1 unless   
our spectacles & 8 artifice deceive u1  
he is a  ?or\gh good fell[--! s9e qua   
non ( ! travell]  ev]y:]e--! %ibbole? ( 
! bro!rhood ( cosmopolites4  ,b besides 
?is1 mores hom9um multorum vidit et     
urbes4  #gaf  ,if we are n mi/ak5 9     
rememb]+ ,mr4 ,mel9e z ! same  g5tleman 
:o 0 =m]ly ,fr5* ,consul 9 ,c9c9nati1 he
 is a  man :o has kn[n ,european        
capitals & l&m>ks1 &1 :at is  bett]1    
gall]ies & sculptures1 & n kn[n !m 9    
va94 ,&  apt he c]ta9ly is4 ,9 !        
difficult art n to h>p on  any?+1 ?is   
book displays consummate judgm5t1 & !   
*oice  ( subjects %[s a tact & skill mo/
 rem>kable 9 :at we  und]/& to be a fir/
 book4 ,!re is j ab\t en\gh fact to     
make ! "w dec5tly solid1 a good deal (  
fancy &  impression1 & above all1 a     

light h&4 ,! /yle z a :ole is  really   
good1 because x does pretty ev5ly j :at 
x attempts  & pr(esses--sometimes m1    
seldom less4 ,! descriptions (  ,d5v] & 
,c5tral ,city1 & ! acc\nt ( ! ,pueblos (
 ,new  ,mexico int]e/$ u especially !   
=m] = its mann]1 !  latt] = its int]e/+ 
& curi\s facts4 ,b ano!r read]  w\ld    
call our selection invidi\s1 & cite q   
ano!r set (  incid5ts4 ,! fact is1 ,mr4 
,mel9e is ev]y:]e vivid1 easy1 &        
sugge/ive1 & we d ?9k we l ^? two p>ts  
be/ because  we h fri5ds 9 ,d5v]1 & take
 a special int]e/ 9 ! old  ,poltec "q4  
,only "o ?+1 b>r+ a little p$antry "h & 
!re1 we h  to gr[l at 9 tak+ a grateful 
leave ( a beguil+ book4 ,!  au?or feels 
x 8 duty at pa9fully %ort int]vals to   
say  some?+ funny1 & has pres]v$ & di%$ 
up ! selecte/  assortm5t ( ag$1 /ale1 & 
/upid je/s we ev] saw4 ,we  suspect him 
to be "o ( ^? t]rible p :o enjoy a      
witticism n wisely b too well4 ,! mom5t 
he tries humor1 8  wont$ ta/e & sp>kle  
seem to take flight1 & he gr[s to a     

dotage ( inane m]rim5t4 ,x is h>d to say
 :e!r ! jokes he  cracks himself1 or ^? 
:i* he reha%es1 ready crack$1 are  ! m  
b5umb+ly dismal4 ,! mo/ provok+ ?+ is1 t
  ! man is n at all want+ 9 play ( wit2 
!re are a hundr$  good & a few clev]    
little side-hits 9 8 volume4 ,only he   
mu/ n =ce x4 ,! mom5t he sets out       
sy/ematically to be  jocose1 he is      
flatness itself4    ,b take him = all 9 
all1 ,mr4 ,mel9e has writt5 no          
commonplace book on a subject :]e       
commonplace has be5 a*iev$  frequ5tly & 
fully2 & if he w le>n to sket* l ,ross  
,br[ne1 or half s well1 or else hire "o 
( ^? private  ubiquities1 a special     
arti/1 make no m jokes1 quote "s1  if   
quote he mu/1 t o!rs h made )9 tw5ty    
ye>s1 &  rely m on 8 livel9ess ( /yle1  
he has a future be=e him  z a writ] (   
travels4    ------      ,gold5 ,tru?s4  
,bo/on3 ,lee  ,%eph]d4 #ahfh4    ,! aim 
( ! above volume is a good "o4 ,!       
purpose ( its  au?or is to aid ! s\l on 
its way 9 ,*ri/ian p]fection4 ,!  tru?s 

:i* x conta9s are tak5 f v>i\s          
,prote/ant  au?ors1 & a few f ,ca?olic  
s\rces4 ,! selections /ruck  u at fir/ z
 hav+ be5 made )\t any sect>ian bias or 
bigotry4 ,_h we f\nd x s unto ! end1 we 
%\ld h giv5 x  our approval4 ,b on page 
#aff we f9d ! foll[+3      ,w ! m>tyrs1 
:o s[$ ! se$ ( ! *ur* 9 _!    blood1 h  
no "p 9 ! f9al h>ve/8 ,! mighty re=m]s1 
:o batt]$ d[n ! walls ( tyrant error    
ab\t ! e>s (    wick$ prie/s1 etc4      
,:o ,g4 ,w4 ,be?une is1 f ^: writ+s !   
above is extract$1  we "k n2 we w\ld1   
h[ev]1 advise him1 :oev] he may be1  :5 
writ+ = ! public1 to respect its        
intellig5ce m1  rant less1 & rememb] !re
 is a comm&m5t :i* reads z  foll[s1     
,?\ %alt n be> false witness4    ,! aim 
( ?is volume 0 to be acceptable to all  
read]s2 !  quotations f ! above writ]   
omitt$1 w\ld remove at lea/  :at is     
(f5sive to "s4    ,x is n (t5 t a       
neglect$ ca?olic tru? f9ds s  beautiful 
an expression z 9 ! foll[+ passage by ! 
,c\ntry ,p>son3      ,!re are few :o h  

liv$ long 9 ?is _w1 & h n    /ood by !  
b$ ( ! dy+2 & let u hope t !re are    _m
 :o h se5 a ,*ri/ian fri5d or a bro!r   
dep>t--:o    h look$ on su* a "o z life1
 b n love1 ebb$ away z    ! eye ( s5se  
grew dim1 b t ( fai? wax$ bright] &     
bright]4  #gag    ,h y he>d su* an "o1 9
 bidd+ y f>ewell1 :isp]    t x 0 n =    
ev]8 h y he>d su* an "o tell y    s to  
live1 z t dea? might only remove y to a 
place    :]e !re is no dy+8 ,& z y felt 
! pressure ( t    cold h&1 & saw ! e>ne/
 _s t %one ?r\gh ^?    glaz+ eyes1 h y n
 resolv$ & promis$ t1 ,god    help+ y1 y
 w\ld8 ,& ev] s9ce h y n felt t1    ?\gh
 dea? has seal$ ^? lips1 & t he>t is    
turn+    back to clay1 t voice is speak+
 yet1 t    he>t is c>+ = y yet1 t s\l is
 rememb]+    yet ! words x la/ spoke to 
y8 ,f ! abode ( glory x    says1 ',come 
up hi!r4' ,! way is /eep1 ! asc5t is    
toilsome2 x kn[s x well1 = x trod x     
once2 b x kn[s    n[ :at x knew n !n1 h[
 bright ! rew>d1 h[ pleasant    ! re/ t 
rema9e?1 aft] ! toil is pa/4 ,& if we g 

) int]e/ to ! grave ( a mu*-lov$ fri5d1 
:o bade u    :5 dy+1 sometimes to visit 
! place :]e he %\ld be    laid :5 dead2 
if y hold a reque/ l t sacr$1    tell   
me1 h[ mu* m solemnly & e>ne/ly we %\ld 
seek to    g :]e ! consci\s _s lives1   
?an :]e ! s5seless    body m\ld]s6 ,if  
day aft] day sees y come to %$ !        
p5sive te> ( memory ov] ! n>r[ b$ :]e t 
de> "o    is sleep+2 if1 amid ! hot :irl
 ( y\r daily engagem5ts1    y f9d a calm
 impress$ z y /& 9 t /ill spot :]e    no
 worldly c>e ev] comes1 & ?9k ( ! he>t  
:i* no    grief vexes n[2 if ! s\nd ( ! 
_w melts into di/ance    & fades away on
 ! e>1 at t po9t :5ce ! _w looks    s   
little2 if ! sett+ sun1 z x makes !     
grave/one gl[1    rem9ds y ( ev5+ h\rs &
 ev5+ sc5es long s9ce    dep>t$1 & !    
wav+ grass1 ?r\gh :i* ! w9d sighs s     
s(tly1 speaks ( t "o :o 'fad$ z a leaf' 
& left y    l 'a w9d t passe? away &    
come? n aga91' oh6 h[    mu* m %\ld e   
day see y /riv+ up ! way :i*    w       
conduct y :]e ! liv+ _s dwells1 & :5ce x

    is ev] call+ to y1 ',come up hi!r6' 
,x 0 a weak fancy    ( a dy+ man t bade 
y come to 8 bury+-place2 b x    is !    
p]petual entreaty ( a liv+ s]aph t      
invites y    to jo9 x !re4    ----      
,! ,layman's ,brevi>y4    ,f ! ,g]man ( 
,leopold ,%ef]4    ,by ,c4 ,t4 ,brooks4 
,bo/on3 ,rob]ts ,bro!rs4 #ahfh4         
,:atev] may be ! m]it ( ! orig9al       
,g]man1 c]ta9 x is1  ?is ,engli% v]sion 
fl[s l a free rivulet4 ,mr4 ,brooks is  
s+ul>ly happy 9 8 v]sification4 ,x      
might1 h[ev]1 j z  well h be5 entitl$ by
 ! au?or1 ! ,prie/'s ,brevi>y z  !      
,layman's ,brevi>y1 = x is q pla9 he    
?9ks bo? (  ^? t]ms conv]tible4 ,we se>*
 9 va9 = any trace ( fai?  9 !          
sup]natural1 &1 consid]+ ! beauty ( !   
s5tim5ts1 are sorry to f9d x want+4 ,!  
lack ( x j>s  ^u our ,ca?olic n]ves f ! 
beg9n+ ( its p]usal to its  end+4       
----      ,! ,"y ,fur ,trad]s1 ,a ,tale 
,( ,! ,f> ,nor?2      ,! ,coral ,isl&1  
,a ,tale ,( ,! ,pacific2      ,ungava1  
,a ,tale ,( ,esquimaux ,l&2      ,morgan

 ,rattl]2 or1    ,a ,boy's ,adv5tures 9 
! ,=e/s ( ,brazil4      ,by ,r4 ,m4     
,ballantyne4    ,new ,york3 ,?omas      
,nelson  ,sons4    ,9 ^! books = boys   
amusem5t & in/ruction are admirably     
comb9$1 ! adv5tures met ) be+ v>i$ &    
?rill+1  :ile ! local descriptions      
embody s ?or\ghly ! natural  features ( 
! regions visit$1 ! productions1        
atmosph]ic  ph5om5a1 etc41 z to r5d] !m 
n unwor?y ! p]usal (  *ildr5 ( a l>g]   
gr[?2 !y are also well got up2 good     
pap]1 neat b9d+1 num]\s illu/rations4   
,:]e s mu* is praisewor?y1 we are sorry 
_! univ]sal  diffusion %\ld be s s]i\sly
 imp$$1 or r utt]ly  de/roy$1 by a mo/  
wanton display ( sect>ian rancor4 ,9 !  
,"y ,fur ,trad]s1 = in/ance1 we meet ) !
  foll[+ def9itions1 c]ta9ly n accord+  
to ,web/]3  ,papi/1 a man :o has sold 8 
lib]ty 9 religi\s matt]s to  ! pope2    
,prote/ant1 "o :o prote/s aga9/ su* an  
ineffably silly & unmanly /ate ( slav]y4
 ,& 9 ,morgan  ,rattl]1 a virul5t attack
 on ! ,brazilian cl]gy1 :o1 we  are     

told1 totally neglect$ _! religi\s      
duties2 7 no  bett] ?an miscreants 9    
disguise1 tea*+ ! p vice  in/ead (      
virtue a--curse n a bless+ to ! l&1 etc4
    #gah    ,we regret ?is pitiful      
outp\r+ ! m t1 z books (  adv5tures =   
boys1 !y are o!rwise all t c\ld be      
desir$4    ----      ,! ,_s ,( ,/4      
,v9c5t ,de ,paul2    ,or1 ,a ,holy      
,model ,wor?y ,(    ,be+ ,imitat$ ,by   
,ecclesia/ics1    ,religi\s1 ,& ,all ,! 
,fai?ful4      ,translat$ f ! "w ( !    
le>n$ ,m4 ,&re--,joseph    ,ans>t1      
conv]t$ ,prie/ ( ! ,ord] ( ,malta1 etc4 
,by ! ,si/]s ( ,*>ity1    ,m\nt ,/4     
,v9c5t1 ,new ,york4    ,new ,york3 ,p4  
,o',%ea1 #bg ,b>clay /reet4 #ahfh4    ,x
 is a valuable s]vice to pres5t to !    
public1 z ! au?or  ( ! above translation
 has done1 ! pi? ( o!r & m  comp5di\s   
lives ( ! great ,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul4 ,! 
life (  our ,sa9t _c be read too (t5 by 
prie/s1 by ! p1 &  by all lov]s ( _!    
race4 ,8 zeal = religion & 8 love  ( !  
poor 7 unb\nd$ almo/2 & ! ext5t ( 8     

labors1  & ! good he did to ! poor &    
di/ress$ ( humanity1 7  nev] p]haps     
equall$ by any o!r man4 ,to our         
non-,ca?olic  read]s we w\ld say1 read !
 life ( ?is man1 great 9  goodness1 if y
 w\ld obta9 a true idea ( ! g5u9e &     
p]fect fruit ( ! ca?olic fai?4 ,no "o1  
:atev] may be 8  cre$1 c read ! life (  
,/4 ,v9c5t de ,paul )\t feel+  8 love = 
,god & 8 fell[-m5 increas$ & inflam$4   
,may  x please ,god to raise up 9 8 holy
 *ur* 9 our own c\ntry a  prie/ l ,/4   
,v9c5t de ,paul6    ----      ,rome ,&  
,! ,popes4    ,translat$ f ! ,g]man (   
,dr4 ,k>l ,br&es1    by ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4   
,wiseman1 ,s4,t4,l4    ,b5zig] ,bro!rs4 
#ahfh4    ,?is is a volume conta9+1 )9 a
 small compass1 & 9 a  popul> /yle1     
suit$ to ! g5]ality ( read]s1 a hi/ory (
  ! temporal p[] ( ! popes1 by an au?or 
well acqua9t$  ) 8 subject4 ,!          
translator has done a s]vice to !       
public1 9 giv+ !m ! *ance ( read+ x 9   
,engli%4 ,j  at pres5t x is q           
appropriate z an (fset to ! ignorant  & 

silly abuse ( ! papal sov]eignty ) :i* !
 public  e>s are fill$4 ,we recomm5d x  
to all our read]s :o wi% to  get "s     
solid in=mation on ?is subject4 ,we mu/ 
repeat1 once  m1 9 reg>d to ?is volume1 
a criticism we h to make too  (t51 t its
 g5]ally neat appe>ance is m>r$ by _m   
typographical errors4 ,_c our ,ca?olic  
publi%]s wake up to  ! importance (     
correct+ _! pro(s prop]ly8    ----      
,selections ,f ,pope1 ,dryd51 ,& ,v>i\s 
,o!r ,ca?olic ,poets1    :o prec$$ !    
,n9ete5? ,c5tury3 ) biographical &      
lit]>y notices ( ^? & o!r ,briti%       
,ca?olic ,poets (    _! class1 compris+ 
a brief hi/ory ( ,briti% ,ca?olic       
,poetry1 f an e>ly p]iod4 ,design$ n    
only = g5]al    use1 b also z a         
text-book or read]1 & a prize-book =    
! high] classes 9 ,ca?olic educational  
in/itutions4    ,by ,george ,hill1 au?or
 ( ! ,ru9s ( ,a!ns1 ,titania's          
,banquet1 & o!r poems4    ,exam9$ &     
approv$ by compet5t ,ca?olic au?ority4  
,new ,york4 #ahfg4    ,mr4 ,hill        

expresses s succ9ctly 9 ?is old-fa%ion$ 
title-page  ! real "* & aim ( 8 useful  
compilation t he  leaves u1 9 fact1 no?+
 fur!r to say ?an t he has made  8 title
 good4    ----      ,! ,life ,( ,/4     
,francis ,( ,assi/1    & a sket* ( !    
,franciscan ,ord]4    ,by a ,religi\s ( 
! ,ord] ( ,poor ,cl>es1    79 ,engl&47  
,) em5dations    & additions1 by ,v     
,rev4    ,pamfilo da ,magliani1         
,o4,s4,f41 7,sup]ior    ( "o ( ! bran*es
 ( !    ,franciscan ,ord] 9 ! ,u4 ,s47  
,new ,york3 ,p4 ,o',%ea1 #bg ,b>clay    
/reet4 #ahfg4    ,_m beautiful lives ( !
 ,sa9ts h be5 writt5 9 ,engl&  )9 ! la/ 
few ye>s4 ,?is "o des]ves to be class$  
among  !m1 & is1 on ! :ole1 ! be/ hi/ory
 ( ! romantic &  poetic life ( ,/4      
,francis we h ev] read4 ,! sket*es ( !  
hi/ory ( ! ,ord]1 especially ^? relat+  
to missions 9  hea!n c\ntries1 & ! %ort 
biographies ( di/+ui%$  ,franciscans1   
are ( great value4 ,! ,life ( ,/4       
,francis has a  *>m entirely its own1   
:i* nev] we>s out1 & 8 pi\s  daught] has

 n>rat$ x well4 ,su* a book _c be too   
w>mly  recomm5d$ 9 ?is age ( av>ice1    
worldl9ess1 & luxury4 ,we  wi%1 h[ev]1 t
 ! pro(s _h be5 m c>efully correct$4    
----    #gai      ,claudia4    ,by ,am&a
 ,m4 ,d\glas1    au?or ( ,9 ,tru/1      
,/eph5 ,dane1 etc4    ,bo/on3 ,lee      
,%ep>d4    ,9 ?is novel1 ! *>act]s are  
/rongly drawn1 ! incid5ts  v>i$ & /rik+1
 ! dialogue well su/a9$1 b ! g5]al      
effect some:at m>r$ by a ve9 ( moraliz+1
 :i*1 9 light  lit]ature1 unless (      
absolute necessity & ( a high ord]1     
always deg5]ates into pros9ess1 caus+ 9 
t va/ majority  ( read]s :o seek        
amusem5t only1 we>9ess1 if n disgu/4    
----      ,! ,que5s ,( ,am]ican         
,society4    ,by ,mrs4 ,ellet1 au?or (  
,! ,wom5    ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1   
etc4    ,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn]     
,co4    ,?is volume is a signal         
illu/ration ( "o ( ! prevail+  passions 
( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 a crav+ :i* bru%es !
  bloom f ! lives ( our lovely "y girls1
 & makes our  *>m+ matrons common2 a    

passion = notoriety2 a morbid  desire to
 peep into o!r p's w9d[s1 or engage !m 9
 !  improv+ occupation ( look+ into     
ours4 ,"h we h !  entre n only into !   
m9utiae ( !  draw+-rooms ( ^! que5s1 b  
into _! b$*amb]s1  & /& beside _!       
toilet-tables1 & desc5d into _!  kit*5s2
 9 %ort1 !re is no "p ( ! h\ses ( ^!    
ladies liv+ & mov+ 9 our mid/1          
unransack$ by !  gossip+ p51 save !     
nurs]ies1 & we are left to  d\bt if ^!  
sumptu\s homes conta9 su* old-fa%ion$   
ap>tm5ts4 ,b ! gossip+ _s ( ?is book is 
n ! only  exceptionable feature2 x is   
extremely snobbi%4 ,to h  desc5d$ f !   
nobility1 to h a ?ick volume ( g5ealogy 
to fall back ^u1 7by ! way1 we may all h
 ev5 a m ample  *ronicle ?an is "h giv5 
u ( ^! noble scions1 if we w  look at ! 
records ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 = our p$igree17 
to  be deck$ 9 velvets1 po9t-lace1 &    
diamonds1 to h giv5  select d9n]s1 or   
lavi% & gorge\s supp]s1 seems to be  !  
mo/ app>5t end & aim ( ! majority ( ^!  
liv+  que5s4 ,a spr9kl+ ( pietism &     

*>itable de$s is  int]polat$ ?r\gh !    
volume1 app>5tly to give an odor (      
sanctity to ! o!rwise s5su\s details4 ,a
 cate*ism = !  use ( ! ris+ g5]ation (  
que5s might be compil$ f !  pages be=e  
u4 ,"h are two or ?ree que/ions & answ]s
  tak5 at r&om f ! propos$ text-book3   
,q4 ,:at is ! *ief end ( "o aspir+      
to be a que5 9 ,am]ican society8        
,a4 ,to be clo!d 9 purple & f9e         
l951 & to f>e sumptu\sly e day4      ,q4
 ,h[ _m gods are !re 9 ! 'be/ society'8 
,a4 ,?ree4      ,q4 ,:i* are !y8        
,a4 ,g5ealogy1 gold1 & good eat+4       
,q4 ,:at directions are giv5 = dress8   
,a4 ,^: adorn+ let x be ! outw>d adorn+1
 we>+        ( gold & pe>ls1 & putt+ on 
( app>el4    ,o!r que/ions & answ]s w   
readily sugge/ !mselves4    ----      ,!
 ,com$y ,( ,convocation1 9 !    ,engli% 
,*ur*4 ,9 two sc5es4    ,edit$ by       
,ar*deacon ,*asuble1 ,d4,d4    ,new     
,york3 ,ca?olic ,publication ,society4  
,?is unique "w1 ( :i* a notice appe>$ 9 
! la/ issue (  ,! ,ca?olic ,_w1 is )\t  

d\bt "o ( ! mo/  rem>kable satires ev]  
p5n$4 ,! ?or\gh k x  displays ( !       
,anglican e/abli%m5t1 its incisive      
argum5tation1 ! purity ( its /yle1 & its
 irresi/ible  humor h nev] be5 surpass$ 
9 any essay ( its k9d4    #gbj    ,^!   
*>act]i/ics h l$ _m critics 9 ,engl& & 9
  ?is c\ntry to attribute its au?or%ip  
to ,dr4 ,newman2 b :ile  we ?9k x 9 e   
respect wor?y ( t great writ]1 we feel  
dispos$1 f a m c>eful /udy ( x1 to      
believe t x has  n emanat$ f 8 m9d1 :ile
 at ! same "t we are oblig$  to confess 
t we "k ( no o!r man 9 ,engl& :o wields 
su* a mighty p54 ,x has giv5 ! ,anglican
 ,*ur* an h]culean  bl[1 & we _c see h[ 
an hone/ memb] ( ! ,engli%  ,*ur* or (  
its si/] d5om9ation1 ! ,prote/ant       
,episcopal  ,*ur* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c  
rise f its p]usal )\t  an utt] loss (   
confid5ce 9 ! discordant1 illogical1 &  
unau?oritative sy/em to :i* !y h hi!rto 
giv5 _!  adh]5ce4 ,! baseless fabric    
crumbles at ! t\* ( ?is  lit]>y giant1 &
 s9ks to a level :]e x c h>dly elicit  !

 admiration ( its mo/ zeal\s p>tisans4  
----      ,sadli]'s ,ca?olic ,directory1
 ,almanac1 ,& ,ordo ,= ,! ,ye> ,(       
,our ,"l #ahfh3 ) a full report ( !     
v>i\s ,dioceses 9    ! ,unit$ ,/ates &  
,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica1 & a li/ ( !      
,ar*bi%ops1 ,bi%ops1 & ,prie/s 9 ,irel&4
    ,new ,york3 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli]  ,co41 
#ca ,b>clay /reet4 #ahfh4    ,! ,ca?olic
 ,almanac = ?is ye> makes its appe>ance 
a little  e>li] ?an x has = "s ye>s pa/4
 ,f a cursory glance at  its cont5ts1 we
 ?9k x is m correct 9 its details ?an   
"s ( its pr$ecessors4 ,x is gott5 up )  
an eye to !  /ricte/ k9d ( economy4     
----    ,we h receiv$ f ,,! ,,ca?olic   
,,publication ,,h\se1 :]e !y  are =     
sale1 ! foll[+ new works j publi%$ 9    
,engl&3      ,! ,monks ( ! ,we/1 by     
,c\nt ,montalemb]t1    ,vols4 ,,iv & ,v4
      ,sa9t ,l\is1 ,k+ ( ,france4 ,!    
curi\s &    *>act]i/ic life ( ?is mon>*1
    by ,de ,jo9ville1 translat$ f !     
,fr5*4      ,! ,/ory ( ,*evali] ,bay>d1 
f ! ,fr5*    ( ! loyal s]vant1 ,m4 de   

,b]ville &    o!rs4      ,! ,life ( ,las
 ,casas1    by ,ar?ur ,helps4           
,le>n$ ,wom5 & ,/udi\s ,wom51    by     
,bi%op ,dupanl\p4      ,cradle ,l&s3    
,egypt1 ,syria1 & ! ,holy ,l&4    ,by ! 
,"r ,hon4 ,lady ,h]b]t ( ,lea1          
illu/rat$4      ,! ,r\nd ,t[]s ( ,anci5t
 ,irel&1 by ,m>cus ,keane4      ,!      
,hi/ory ( ,iri% ,p]iodical ,lit]ature1 f
 ! end    ( ! sev5te5? c5tury to !      
middle ( ! n9ete5?    c5tury3 its       
,orig91 ,progress1 & ,results4    ,by   
,ri*>d ,rob]t ,madd54    #b vols4 #hvo4 
----      ,seek ,& ,f9d2 ,or1 ,!        
,adv5tures ,( ,a ,sm>t ,boy4    ,by     
,oliv] ,optic4      ,tommy ,hickup2 ,or1
 ,a ,pair ,( ,black ,eyes4    ,by ,rosa 
,abbott4    ,bo/on3 ,lee  ,%ep>d4       
,two h&some volumes ( pleasantly told   
?\gh r m>vell\s  adv5ture4    ----      
,books ,receiv$4    ,f ,leypoldt  ,holt1
 ,new ,york3      ,na?an ! ,wise4    ,a 
dramatic poem1 by ,got?old ,ephraim     
,less+4    ,translat$ by ,ell5          
,fro?+ham1 prec$$ by a brief acc\nt (   

! poet & 8 works1 & foll[$ by an essay  
on ! poem by    ,kuno ,fis*]4      ,la  
,littrature ,franaise contemporaire1    
recueil en prose et en v]s de morceaux  
emprunts1 aux    criva9s les plus r5omms
 du ,x,i,xe ,sicle4      ,hi/oire d'une 
,b\*e de ,pa93    ,l',homme1 p> ,jean   
,mac4 ,) a ,fr5* & ,engli% vocabul>y1   
& a li/ ( idiomatic expressions4 ,a     
,manual ( ,anglo-,saxon    = ,beg9n]s2  
compris+ a gramm>1 read]1 & gloss>y1 )  
explanatory notes4    ,by ,samuel ,m4   
,%ute1 ,pr(essor 9 ,columbian           
,college1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4             
,cond5s$ ,fr5* ,in/ruction1 consi/+ (   
gramm> & ex]cises1 ) cross ref]5ces4    
,by ,c4 ,j4 ,delille4    ,f ,h>p]       
,bro!rs1 ,new ,york3      ,lives ( !    
,que5s ( ,engl&1 f ! ,norman ,conque/4  
,by ,agnes ,/rickl&1 au?or ( ,lives ( ! 
,que5s ( ,engl&4 ,abridg$ by ! ,au?or4  
,revis$ & edit$ by ,c>ol9e ,g4 ,p>k]4   
,manual ( ,physical ,ex]cises4    ,by   
,william ,wood1 ,in/ructor 9 ,physical  
,education4    ,) "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five

 illu/rations4      ,home ,fairy ,tales4
 ,by ,jean ,mac4    ,translat$ by ,m>y  
,l4 ,boo?1 ) engrav+s4      ,folks &    
,fairies4    ,/ories = ,little ,*ildr54 
,by ,lucy ,r&all ,com=t4    ,) engrav+s4
      ,fr5*'s ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,numb]s4 
,fr5*'s ,elem5t>y ,ari?metic4    ,by    
,john ,h4 ,fr5*1 ,,ll4,d4      ,!       
,lov]'s ,diction>y4    ,a ,poetical     
,treasury ( ,lov]'s ,?\ghts1 ,fancies1  
,addresses1    & ,dilemmas1 index$ )    
ne>ly t5 ?\s& ref]5ces1 &    a          
,diction>y ( ,complim5ts1 & a ,diction>y
 ( ! /udy (    ! ,t5d] ,passion4        
--------    #gba            ,! ,ca?olic 
,_w4       ,vol4 ,,vi41 ,no4 #cf4 ,m>*1 
#ahfh4    ----          ,canada ,?i/les4
      ,! accid5t ( a heavy sn[/orm      
deta9$ me1 a little :ile  ago1 at ! h\se
 ( a fri5d 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a   
pleasant place to be ca/ away 94 ,my    
fri5d 0 a  g5tleman-f>m]1 :o unit$ a    
/rong ta/e = ru/ic pursuits  ) an       
equally /rong z well z an intellig5t    
fondness =  lit]ature & art4 ,9 ! matt] 

( books & pictures1  philosophy &       
religion1 we 7 9 sympa?y ) ea* o!r2 b   
:5 he came to mil* c[s & turnips1 my    
city education got !  bett] ( me4 ,i    
c\ld nei!r und]/& 8 conv]sation nor     
appreciate 8 en?usiasm4 ,x 0 agre$1     
!re=e1 t z soon  z he put on 8 long     
boots & set out = ! b>ny>d1 ,i  %\ld    
retire into 8 *e]ful libr>y1 :]e a blaz+
 fire (  hickory-logs1 %elves well /or$ 
) all t is be/ 9  lit]ature1 & a great  
gre5-cov]$ table1 on :i* pap]s1         
reviews1 & magaz9es 7 pil$ 9 pleasant   
confusion1 kept me  9 excell5t spirits  
:ile he 0 att5d+ to ! daily duties  ( ! 
f>m4 ,h[ ,i enjoy$ ^? idle h\rs6 ,?r[+  
myself back  9 a wide arm-*air1 ,i pass$
 ! w9t] morn+s skimm+ ov]  ! pages ( my 
favorite au?ors1 half read+ !m & half   
dream+2 & :5 my fri5d return$ f 8 r\nds1
 &  /ret*$ himself 9 ano!r *air on !    
opposite side ( !  fire-place1 we us$ to
 *at ov] ! v>i\s subjects t _h  occupi$ 
my m9d s9ce breakfa/4 ,aft] d9n]1 we    
usually w5t  back to ! libr>y ) our     

cig>s4 ,! ev5+ we always sp5t  ) ! re/ (
 ! family 9 ! p>lor4    ,my fri5d read a
 great deal1 & 0 also some?+ ( an au?or4
  ,he contribut$ essays on agricultural 
subjects to "o or two  magaz9es4 ,he _h 
ev5 publi%$ a book or s 9 ! c\rse (  8  
life2 & he /ill amus$ himself by p5n+   
lit]>y  criticisms1 = a p]iodical pr9t$ 
9 ,new ,york4 ,i 0 n  surpris$1 !re=e1  
to f9d 8 table burd5$ ) a good _m       
volumes1 newspap]s1 & pamphlets1 :i* ,i 
knew he w\ld nev]  h be5 at ! tr\ble (  
ord]+4    ,yes1 said he1 :5 ,i made a   
rem>k ab\t ! wor?less  "* ( "s ( ^!     
publications2 !re is tra% en\gh  "h to  
make a man melan*oly4  #gbb  ,p s5d me  
^! ?+s = _! own purposes1 & ,i read  !m 
sometimes = m9e4 ,i %\ld be tempt$ to be
 sorry = !  inv5tion ( pr9t+1 only if we
 lo/ ! bane1 we %\ld lose  ! antidote ) 
x4 ,besides1 ,i h little fai? 9 !       
negative sort ( virtue :i* is f\nd$ on  
ignorance4 ,we ought  to gr[ wis]1 day  
by day1 ) ! numb] ( our tea*]s2 b  :at  
,i see "h (t5 makes me d\bt x4 ,y w f9d 

t  mank9d h ! same prop5sity to use     
calumny in/ead (  argum5t t !y _h two or
 ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,9 matt]s  (     
religion & hi/ory1 ,i believe t lies are
 v mu* l  ,canada ?i/les3 let !m once   
take root1 & x is next to  impossible to
 get ! field cle> ( !m4 ,y may cut !m   
all  d[n to-day1 & to-morr[ _! ugly     
heads w be z high z  ev]4 ,n[1 "h1 he   
cont9u$1 pick+ up a h&ful ( pamphlets  &
 newspap]s1 is a crop ( ,canada ?i/les4 
,^! are all  philippics aga9/ ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur*4 ,i suppose _! au?ors  call !m   
polemical publications2 b !re is n an   
argum5t 9  "o ( !m4 ,!y are no?+ :atev] 
b sl&]s :i* h  be5 demoli%$ a hundr$    
times2 & yet "h !y are1 z bold  z ev]4  
,x is consol+ to be told1 z we (t5 are1 
t ',tru?  cru%$ to e>? w rise aga92' b  
if a lie cru%$ to e>?  has n an         
incorrigible habit ( ris+ aga91 !n ,i am
 no  read] ( curr5t lit]ature4 ,y & ,i  
may g out into ! field  ( !ological     
controv]sy1 &1 be+ well arm$ & on !  "r 
side1 we may cut d[n e "o ( ! calumnies 

:i* are  m>%all$ aga9/ ! *ur*2 b we "k t
 !y w jump  "r up aga9 z soon z our     
backs are turn$1 & swe> t  !y nev] w5t  
d[n4 ,x is r disc\rag+ to fight aga9/  a
 man :o doesn't "k :5 he is dead4 ,to   
answ] ^! ?+s  n[1 t ,i hold 9 my h&1    
w\ld be l runn+ ar\nd !  battle-field 9 
*ase ( a rabble ( lively corpses4       
,well1 said ,i1 y are p>tly "r & p>tly  
wrong4 ,we h  got to cut away at !      
,canada ?i/les1 z y call !m1 :e!r  we   
root !m out or n2 if we don't1 !y w     
/ifle ! gra94  ,besides1 y\r lively     
corpses _c run = ev]4 ,y may  galvanize 
a dead body into spasmodic activity1 b y
 _c  br+ x to life aga92 & ,i believe t1
 e "t a lie is  expos$1 !re is good done
 to somebody1 ?\gh ! exposure may  h be5
 made a hundr$ times be=e4 ,take ! old  
fiction ( a  female pope2 "o ( ! mo/    
prepo/]\s ( anti-,ca?olic  calumnies1 & 
"o ( ! easie/ to demoli%1 because !     
admitt$ facts ( hi/ory 7 s pla9 aga9/ x4
 ,t 0 an  incr$ibly long "t dy+2 b x is 
dead at la/--s dead t  ev5 ,mr4 ,murphy1

 ( ,birm+ham1 probably does n believe x4
  ,well1 t lie w\ld nev] h be5 laid on !
 %elf if  ,ca?olics _h n hamm]$ away at 
x until !y =c$ _!  enemies to li/5 to   
!m4 ,take ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre--   
,i don't "k ab\t t1 int]rupt$ my fri5d2 
!re is a  good deal ( vitality 9 t ?i/le
 yet4 ,two ?+s h be5  prov$1 & are n[   
admitt$ by ! mo/ c&id ,prote/ant        
hi/orians--t ! massacre 0 ! crime ( a   
political1 n a  religi\s1 p>ty1 & t !   
numb] ( ! sla9 has be5  frightfully     
exagg]at$4 ,! old /ory us$ to be t      
#ajj1jjj  fell1 & ,l+>d has %[n t !     
numb]1 9 all probability1  did n exce$  
#aejj4  #gbc  ,not)/&+ ?is1 ,i h a      
volume "h1 call$ ,willson's  ,outl9es ( 
,hi/ory1 :i*1 ,i le>n1 is us$ z a       
text-book  9 ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new
 ,york1 & :i* repres5ts !  massacre z a 
ris+ ( ! ',ca?olics ( ,p>is' aga9/ _!   
,hugu5ot bre?r51 decl>es t x la/$ 9 !   
capital 'eight  days & eight nights )\t 
any app>5t dim9ution ( ! fury  ( !      
murd]]s1' & e/imates ! numb] ( ! victims

 at  #ej1jjj4 ,!n ! writ] goes on to say
 t ! pope caus$  m$als to be /ruck 9    
commemoration ( ! auspici\s ev5t1 &     
return$ public ?anks to heav54 ,a /ud5t 
w\ld nev] suspect  f ?is t ! assass9s 7 
n ! ,ca?olic inhabitants1  b ! hirel+s (
 ! que5 "m4 ,besides1 ! massacre  la/$1 
n eight days & nights1 b ?ree days & two
 nights4  ,?is fact is ( m importance   
?an at fir/ appe>s4 ,if !  slaught] _h  
la/$ s long1 & s _m p]sons _h be5       
kill$1 x c\ld h>dly h be5 ! "w ( a b& ( 
cut?roats2 b if we rememb] t1 z all     
reputable hi/orians  admit1 x 0 ov] on !
 ?ird day1 & t ! numb] (  victims1      
accord+ to ,fr\de1 :o is ! late/        
,prote/ant  au?ority1 c]ta9ly did n     
exce$ #bjjj 9 ,p>is1 & #aj1jjj 9  all   
,france1 or1 accord+ to ,l+>d1 #aejj 9 !
 :ole k+dom1  x is evid5t t x c\ld n h  
be5 %>$ 9 by !  ,ca?olic inhabitants4   
,fr\de1 y say1 puts ! numb] at #aj1jjj8 
,yes1 & admits t ! ,fr5* ,ca?olics cri$ 
out ) horror  at ! outrage4 ,yet ,fr\de 
is a mo/ unwill+ witness 9 our  favor4  

,8 bias1 z y "k1 is all ! o!r way4 ,!   
,calv9i/ic au?or ( ! m>tyrology ( !     
,hugu5ots1 publi%$  only t5 ye>s aft] ! 
massacre1 made c>eful se>*1 & 0  able to
 f9d ! names ( only #ghf p]sons :o      
p]i%$4 ,fr\de's  e/imate is too high1 & 
,willson's is altoge!r prepo/]\s4  ,!n  
ab\t t m$al & ! ,te ,deum at ,rome2     
ev]ybody  kn[s t1 z soon z ! horrible   
de$ 0 ov]1 ! fir/ c>e  ( ! ,fr5* k+ 0 to
 ju/ify himself at ! o!r ,european      
c\rts by false acc\nts ( :at _h tak5    
place4 ,8 ambassador  in=m$ ! pope t 8  
maje/y _h discov]$ a ,hugu5ot           
conspiracy aga9/ 8 life & ?rone1 & _h   
ov]come x by  promptly execut+ !        
crim9als4 ,x 0 9 ! belief ( ?is  lie t !
 pope caus$ public ?anks to be giv5 = ! 
k+'s  victory4 ,?is is a fact z well    
e/abli%$ z any o!r ( !  #af? c5tury4    
,yet ,mr4 ,willson1 & m5 l him1 *oose to
 g on  quietly disreg>d+ x4 ,i ?9k x    
simply a s9 t anybody s  grossly        
ignorant or s %amefully p]v]se %\ld be  
all[$ to  deceive ! "y ) :at !y presume 

to call 'hi/ory4'    ,h[ does ,fr\de /& 
9 ?is matt] ( ! rejoic+s at ,rome8      
,fr\de has too melodramatic a m9d1 if ,i
 may use ! expression1  to be a good    
hi/orian4 ,he has a dang]\s gift (      
s>casm &  invective1 & a fatal knack (  
putt+ ?+s toge!r s z to  make an        
effective situation4 ,if an inconv5i5t  
tru? pops up to  m> ! sc5e1 he quietly  
knocks x on ! head1 & arranges !  /age  
to suit himself4 ,= in/ance1 he wants to
 pa9t !  duplicity ( ,*>les1 s he       
m5tions 8 ly+ bullet9s to !  pope & !   
o!r sov]eigns2 b he also wants to       
impress u  ) ! he>tless bigotry ( !     
pontiff2 s1 aft] %[+ on  "o page t !    
pope c\ld n "k ! tru?1 he coolly        
assumes on ! next t he did "k x4    ,i  
?9k ! be/ acc\nt ( ! massacre ,i ev]    
read 9 a  ,prote/ant publication is t 9 
,! ,new ,am]ican  ,cyclopa$ia4 ,n a     
p]fect book1 ( c\rse1 b ^u !  :ole1 v   
hone/4    #gbd    ,yes1 if y want to get
 a pla9 /atem5t ( facts1 )\t  p>ty      
color+1 y mu/ g to "s "w 9 :i* _m heads 

&  h&s h work$ toge!r4 ,y "k an ord9>y  
refract+  telescope ( ! old sort %[s    
di/ant objects1 n z !y  really are1 b   
t+$ ) prismatic colors1 because no "o   
l5s  has ! p[] ( transmitt+ all rays )  
equal imp>tiality2  b by a comb9ation ( 
l5ses we get at ! exact tru?2 "o        
corrects ano!r4 ,s1 if y want a ?or\ghly
 imp>tial1  a*romatic acc\nt ( any?+1   
let a numb] ( m5 "w at x  toge!r ,= ?is 
reason1 a good cyclopa$ia is bett] ?an a
  volume ( hi/ory2 x is p]fectly        
cold-blood$4    ,our fri5d ,willson1 ,i 
said1 turn+ ov] ! leaves z ,i spoke1  is
 c]ta9ly a telescope ( ! old sort4 ,8   
book is z gay  ) prismatic colors z a   
p>lor c&elabrum4 ,see "h3 ',!  doctr9e (
 infallibility means ! pope's entire    
exemption  f liability to err2'         
',indulg5ces are billets (  salvation1  
pr(ess+ to remit ! puni%m5t due to s9s  
ev5  be=e ! commission ( ! contemplat$  
crime4' ,mr4 ,willson  kn[s t nei!r ( ^!
 def9itions is correct4    ,no1 ,i don't
 believe he does4 ,rememb] :at we said j

 n[  ab\t ?i/les4 ,to y & to me ^!      
/atem5ts seem--,i don't  "k :e!r to say 
ludicr\s or %ock+4 ,we "k1 z well z we  
"k ! alphabet1 t :ile ! *ur* _c err 9   
def9+  dogmas1 ! pope1 z a private      
individual1 is z liable to err z  ,mr4  
,willson himself2 t no s9 c be =giv5    
be=e x is  committ$1 & no pa/ s9 p>don$ 
s long z ! culprit  purposes committ+   
ano!r2 b ,i d>e say ,mr4 ,willson is    
ignorant ( all ?is4 ,!re is a c]ta9     
class ( un=tunate  ,*ri/ians1 n[ happily
 dy+ out1 :o are cate*is$ 9 _!  y\? into
 a hatr$ ( ! pope & all 8 works4 ,!y    
look ^u  8 hol9ess z a sup]ior sort (   
devil1 r m wick$ &  dang]\s ^u ! :ole   
?an ,satan1 & n half s mu* ( a          
g5tleman4 ,willson 0 cramm$ full ( ^!   
s5tim5ts :5 he  0 a boy1 & n[ he is try+
 to cram ! com+ g5]ation4  ,"h is a     
specim5 ( ! moral nutrim5t :i* m5 ( 8   
/amp  are br\ght up on4 ,i cut x out (  
an old numb] ( ,!  ,sunday-,s*ool       
,advocate1 :]e x appe>$ z a comm5t on a 
picture ( a ,spani% fl[]-girl4 ,!re mu/ 

be a funny twi/ 9  ! m9d ( ! writ] :o   
c\ld get a lesson aga9/ pop]y out  ( t4 
',,sell+ ,,fl[]s4      ',y nev] saw su* 
a fl[]-sell]1 did y8 ,y h n      unless 
y h liv$ 9 ,spa94 ,! picture is meant to
 %[      y a ,spani% lady1 a ,spani%    
fl[]-deal]1 & a ,spani%      mule4      
',spa9 is a beautiful l&1 b ! p are n z 
happy z      !y are "h4 ,:y8 ,because !y
 are ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,once      !y 7 a
 brave1 p[]ful1 ri*1 lib]ty-lov+ p2 b   
a set ( prie/s1 call$ ,jesuits1 /ole    
into ! c\ntry1      qu5*$ _! love (     
lib]ty1 put out ! lights (      le>n+1  
trampl$ ^u ! true religion1 & made !    
,spani>ds boa/]s1 bigots1 & almo/ slaves
 to _! k+s      & que5s4 ,pity !        
,spani>ds1 my *ildr51 & pray to y\r     
heav5ly ,fa!r to save ?is glori\s l& f  
ev] be+      ru9$ by t great enemy to   
all t is good--! ,roman      ,ca?olic   
,*ur*4             x4 x4'    ,h[ c y    
wond] t a man :o le>ns su* nons5se 9 8  
*ildhood %\ld say fooli% ?+s :5 he gr[s 
up8 ,/ill1 ,mr4  ,willson's ignorance   

does n excuse him4 ,any "o :o und]takes 
to write hi/ory is b\nd n to be         
ignorant4 ,he _c  plead ! prejudices (  
education 9 ju/ification ( 8  blund]s4  
#gbe  ,to tea* calumny & religi\s error 
is z mu* a crime z to  adm9i/] m$ic9es  
)\t kn[+ ! prop]ties ( drugs4 ,we  h    
little t5d]ness = an ignorant *emi/'s   
boy :o poisons  u by mi/ake1 & ,i don't 
"k :y we %\ld h any m =  an ignorant    
hi/orian :o lies out ( prejudice4       
,besides1 ev5 if  ,mr4 ,willson did n "k
 ! tru?1 he knew !re 7 two sides  to !  
/ory1 & he 0 b\nd to /udy & weigh !m    
bo?1  :i* he evid5tly has n done4 ,8    
ignorance 0 n  inv9cible4    ,i ?9k1    
h[ev]1 t ! faculty ( ! ,college ( ,new  
,york  are m to blame = adopt+ ?is "w z 
a text-book ?an !  au?or 0 = writ+ x4 ,y
 "k1 ,i suppose1 :at t college  is4 ,x  
is a "p ( our common s*ool sy/em1       
design$ = !  y\? ( e fai?1 & support$ by
 tax on all citiz5s alike4  ,to all[ a  
^w taught !re :i* c\ld (f5d ! religi\s  
feel+s ( ei!r ,ca?olics or ,prote/ants  

is a gross outrage  ^u public "r4 ,x    
only %[s1 :at wise m5 ( our *ur*  h all 
along ma9ta9$1 t ,ca?olics ne$ hope = no
 good  f /ate education4 ,we mu/ be tax$
 = :at we don't approve1  & support our 
own s*ools & colleges besides4--,b en\gh
 (  ?is4 ,let u see ! re/ ( y\r ?i/les4 
,oh6 said he1 laugh+1 !re are en\gh (   
!m1 ,i c assure  y4 ,"h1 = example1 is  
,! ,free-,w ,bapti/ ,qu>t]ly  = ,janu>y1
 #ahfh4 ,x conta9s an article on ',!    
,p]v]sions (  ! ,gospel a ,pro( ( its   
,div9ity1' & 9 ! c\rse ( x  occurs ?is  
s5t5ce ab\t ! pope3 ',he c remit s9s or 
p]mit !m1 & 8 p>don & indulg5ces h be5  
pur*as$ ) money4' ,n[1 a qu>t]ly is     
suppos$ to be  edit$ ) c>e &            
delib]ation1 & :5 su* a p]iodical  /ates
 t ! holy ,fa!r has p[] 'to p]mit s9s' x
 is  guilty ( a mis/atem5t :i* ,i h>dly 
"k h[ to di/+ui%  f a delib]ate         
falsehood4 ,! editor ( ,! ,bapti/       
,qu>t]ly is utt]ly inexcusable = n kn[+ 
t !  doctr9e :i* he attributes to ! *ur*
 is repudiat$ )  horror by e !ologian :o

 ev] wrote on our side4 ,x has  nev] be5
 ei!r ma9ta9$ 9 !ory or act$ ^u 9       
practice4  ,! /atem5t ( ,! ,qu>t]ly is  
"o ( ! mo/  atroci\s calumnies ev]      
utt]$1 & ! editor 0 b\nd to  "k x4 ,if  
he is s ignorant z n to "k x1 he is     
crim9ally  presumptu\s 9 und]tak+ !     
functions ( a popul> tea*]4  ,!n1 aga91 
he says t ! pope's 'p>don & indulg5ces h
  be5 pur*as$ ) money4' ,?is1 too1 is a 
positive falsehood1  ?\gh we are will+  
to believe n an int5tional "o4 ,9 no    
case1 & "u no color1 c p>don be obta9$ =
 money4 ,!  only price ev] requir$1 !   
only price :i* c ev] suffice1  is he>ty 
rep5tance4 ,aft] p>don has be5 grant$1  
!re  rema9s1 z we all "k1 a temporal    
p5alty to be exact$ by way  (           
satisfaction1 & = ?is ! pope may decree 
!  contribution ( money = a *>itable    
object or any o!r good  de$4 ,if !      
editor ( ,! ,bapti/ ,qu>t]ly does n "k  
t ?is is ! ext5t ( an indulg5ce1 !n he  
has no bus9ess  to be an editor4        
,ignorance does n excuse him4 ,b let ?is

  pass4 ,we 7 speak+ j n[ ( education "h
 is an article  q  propos to t subject 9
 ,! ,*ur*man4 ,x  is call$ ',rome & !   
,scriptures4' ,! writ] beg9s by  wond]+ 
at ! insol5ce ( ',romani/s' 9 d5y+ t !  
*ur* )holds ! ,bible f ! laity2 & h[ d y
 ?9k  he proce$s to prove t %e does     
)hold x8  #gbf  ,:y1 by %[+ t %e lays "s
 v necess>y re/rictions  ^u !           
indiscrim9ate circulation ( translations
  ( ! ,bible4 ,b1 x is object$1 e       
,engli%-speak+  ,ca?olic family has a   
copy ( ! ,d\ay ,bible 9 ! h\se4 ,yes1   
says ,! ,*ur*man1 because ! *ur* lets y 
h x2  %e c\ld =bid x if %e *ose4 ,:at d 
y ?9k ( t z a  specim5 ( argum5t8 ,!    
*ur* =bids ! ,bible1 because %e  might1 
if %e pleas$1 only %e doesn't4 ,besides1
 ?is writ]  cont9ues1 ! ,engli% ( !     
,d\ay v]sion is s bad t x is            
practically n ! v]nacul>2 ! book is z   
mu* seal$ to !  compreh5sion ( ! common 
read] z if x rema9$ 9 !  orig9al ,hebrew
 & ,greek4 ,?us1 he says1 '9 ,galatians 
v4 #ai-bc1  we h a li/ ( ! works ( !    

fle%1 & ! fruits (  ! ,_s4 ,9 our v]sion
 occur ! words1 lascivi\sness1          
drunk5ness1 revell+s1 long-suff]+4 ,b 9 
! ,d\ay  v]sion in/ead ( su* hone/      
,engli%1 :i* any p]son (  ord9>y        
atta9m5ts c und]/&1 we h ! words1       
impudicity1 elrieties1 ebrieties8       
comessations1 &  longanimity4 ,9        
,hebrews ix4 #bc1 our v]sion reads1 !   
patt]ns  ( ?+s 9 ! heav5s2 b ! ,d\ay has
 x1 ! exempl>s  ( ! cele/ials4 ,aga91 9 
,hebrews xiii4 #af1 in/ead ( to d  good1
 & to communicate1 =get n2 = ) su*      
sacrifices  ,god is well pleas$1 z 9 our
 v]sion1 ! ,d\ay reads1  ,b5efic5ce &   
communication =get n1 = ) su* ho/s  ,god
 is prom]it$4 ,is ?is :at ! ,romani/s   
call ! ,bible 9  ! vulg> tongue8' ,n[1 9
 po9t ( fact1 n a s+le "o (  ! prec$+   
texts is giv5 9 ! =m he quotes 9 !      
,ca?olic ,te/am5ts n[ 9 use4 ,! passage 
f ,galatians reads1  'immode/y1         
drunk5ness1 revell+s4' ,in/ead ( '!     
exempl>s  ( ! cele/ials1' we h '!       
patt]ns ( heav5ly ?+s2'  & ! v]se f     

,hebrews xiii4 runs ?us3 ',& d n =get to
  d good & to imp>t2 = by su* sacrifices
 ,god's favor is  obta9$4' ,9 ! fir/    
edition ( ! ,d\ay ,bible !re 7  _m      
obscure expressions :i* h s9ce be5      
am5d$4 ,if !  translators knew ,engli% b
 imp]fectly1 ^: fault 0 x8 ,!  ,engli%  
gov]nm5t w\ld n all[ ,ca?olics to get an
 education  9 _! native c\ntry--hang$ !m
 if !y caught !m at x4  ,t we h correct$
 _! %ortcom+s is pro( en\gh t we  are   
anxi\s to facilitate ! /udy ( ! sacr$   
books4 ,:at  w\ld ,! ,*ur*man say if we 
accus$ ! ,anglican  e/abli%m5t ( try+ to
 conceal ! ,scriptures f ! common  p1   
because ! translations ( ,wickliffe &   
,cov]dale  conta9 _m antiquat$          
expressions8 ,t w\ld be e :it z  j z to 
f\nd a simil> *>ge aga9/ u ^u !         
imp]fections ( ! fir/ editions ( ,d\ay &
 ,rheims1 7:i*  are old]1 x %\ld be     
rem>k$1 ?an ! ,bible ( ,k+ ,james47     
,aft] all1 said ,i1 ,i _c reg>d !       
au?oriz$ ,engli%  ,prote/ant ,bible z a 
model ( :at a popul> translation ought  

to be4    ,( c\rse n4 ,don't y rememb]  
:at ,hallam says ab\t x8  ,"h is !      
passage3 ',x is held to be ! p]fection (
 our  ,engli% language4 ,i %all n       
dispute ?is proposition2 b "o  rem>k z  
to a matt] ( fact _c reasonably be      
c5sur$1  t1 9 consequ5ce ( ! pr9ciple ( 
adh]5ce to !  orig9al v]sions1 :i* _h   
be5 kept up ev] s9ce ! "t (  ,h5ry      
,,viii41 x is n ! language ( ! reign (  
,james  ,i4  #gbg  ,x may1 9 ! eyes (   
_m1 be a bett] ,engli%1 b x is n  !     
,engli% ( ,daniel1 or ,raleigh1 or      
,bacon1 z any "o may  easily p]ceive4 ,x
 ab\nds1 9 fact1 especially 9 !  ,old   
,te/am5t1 ) obsolete phraseology1 & )   
s+le  words long s9ce ab&on$ or reta9$  
only 9 prov9cial  use4' 7,lit]ature (   
,europe1 vol4 ii4 *ap4 #b47 ,! e>ly     
,prote/ant v]sions are pro( en\gh ( !   
wisdom ( our *ur*  9 sett+ b\nds to !   
lic5se ( c>eless or incompet5t  editors4
 ,y "k !re is "o edition :i* is call$ by
  book-collectors '! ,bree*es ,bible1'  
on acc\nt ( its  r5d]+ ( a passage 9 !  

?ird *apt] ( ,g5esis1 :]e  ,adam & ,eve 
are said to h 'sew$ toge!r fig-leaves & 
made  !mselves bree*es4' ,! k+'s pr9t]s1
 9 #afcb1 7  f9$ = publi%+ a ,bible 9   
:i* "o ( ! comm&m5ts  appe>$ 9 ?is =m1  
',?\ %alt commit adult]y4' ,dur+ !      
,commonweal?1 a l>ge impression ( !     
,bible 0 confiscat$ on  acc\nt ( its    
corruptions1 _m ( :i* 7 ! result (      
design4 ,"o edition conta9$ #fjjj       
errors4 ,ar*bi%op ,u%]1 on  8 way to    
prea* once1 b\ght a ,london ,bible 9 a  
booksell]'s  %op1 & 0 dismay$ to f9d t !
 text he _h select$ 0  omitt$6 ,9 "o ( !
 ,engli% ,bibles ! fir/ v]se ( !        
f\rte5? 7or 9 our ,bible ! ?irte5?7     
,psalm is pr9t$1  ',! fool ha? said 9 8 
he>t1 !re is a ,god1' in/ead ( 'no      
,god4' ,j see :at t fam\s old ,prote/ant
 div9e1 ,?omas  ,full]1 says ( ?is      
matt]3 ',consid]+ ) myself ! causes  ( !
 gr[? & increase ( impiety & pr(an5ess 9
 our  l&1 among/ o!rs ?is seeme? to me n
 ! lea/1 viz41 !  late _m false &       
errone\s impressions ( !  ,bible4 ,n[   

"k1 :at is b c>elessness 9 o!r books  is
 impiety 9 sett+ =? ( ! ,bible4 ,z      
,noah1 9 all  unclean creatures1 pres]v$
 b two ( a k9d1 s among "s  hundr$s 9   
sev]al editions1 we w insi/ only on two 
in/ances4 ,9 ! ,bible pr9t$ at ,london 9
 #afec1 we read1 ,i  ,cor9?ians vi4 #i1 
,"k ye n t ! unrighte\s %all inh]it  !  
k+dom ( ,god8 = n inh]it4 ,n[1 :5 a     
rev]5d  doctor 9 div9ity did mildly     
reprove "s lib]t9es = _!  lic5ti\s      
lives1 !y did produce ?is text f !      
au?ority  ( ?is corrupt edition 9       
ju/ification ( _! vici\s &  inord9ate   
conv]sations4 ,! next in/ance %all be 9 
! ,bible  pr9t$ at ,london 9 qu>to      
7=be>+ ! "n ( ! pr9t]1  because n done  
wilfully by him7 9 ! s++ ,psalms1 ,psalm
  lxvii4 #b3      ,t all ! e>? may "k   
,! way to worldly weal?1    = godly     
weal?4' ,su* blund]s too are by no means
 conf9$  to e>ly impressions4 ,:y1 !re  
is an edition ( ! ,anglican  ,liturgy   
pr9t$ at ,ox=d1 ( all places 9 ! _w1 9  
#ahac1  9 :i* occurs ?is dreadful       

blund]3 ',lamb ( ,god1 :o take/  away ! 
s9s ( ! ,"l4'    ,aft] ?is1 x looks     
well1 doesn't x1 = ,! ,*ur*man  to blame
 u = repress+ ! indiscrim9ate           
circulation ( wild  v]sions ( !         
,scriptures8    ,my de> fri5d1 if all m5
 7 consi/5t1 ! :ole _w  w\ld be         
,ca?olic4 ,prote/antism f beg9n+ to end 
is no?+  b a huge inconsi/5cy4 ,b come3 
h we any m we$s to  look at8    ,"h is a
 copy ( ,! ,obs]v]2 if we don't f9d     
some?+ />tl+ 9 x1 x w be /range4 ,yes2  
"h is a  lett] f ! well-kn[n ,ir5aeus on
 '! relics at  ,aix-la-,*apelle4' ,read 
:at he says3    #gbh      ',i f\nd t    
pictures ( ! relics 7 = sale 9 all !    
%ops1 & ,i b\ght a few z s\v5irs ( my   
accid5tal      pilgrimage2 p>ticul>ly ,i
 s\ght = a good repres5tation      ( t  
"o :i* is fir/ on ! li/1 & fir/ 9 !     
admiration ( ! p4 ,z ! ,virg9 ,"m ,m>y  
is      held 9 high] honor by all good  
,ca?olics ?an ! ,son (      ,god        
himself1 s !y likewise v5]ate1 ) a deep]
      rev]5ce1 ! l95 g>m5t t %e wore1   

?an ! clo?      :i* 0 ar\nd ! lo9s ( !  
,savi\r on ! cross4'    ,:at d y say to 
t8 ,= my "p1 ,i _c believe t a man  s   
well in=m$ on mo/ subjects z ,ir5aeus is
 really  ?9ks t ',ca?olics hold ! ,virg9
 ,m>y 9 high] honor ?an  ! ,son ( ,god  
himself4' ,if he kn[s any?+ at all ab\t 
!  ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 he mu/ "k t ?is is a 
d[nright sl&]4    ,9 po9t ( fact1 ,i    
suppose he does "k x2 b he belongs to a 
class ( p]sons :o seem to ?9k x no h>m  
to say any?+  evil ( ,ca?olics = ! sake 
( produc+ a s5sation4 ,!  *ur* 9 _! eyes
 is m]ely a conv5i5t subject = turn+  an
 eloqu5t s5t5ce2 a sort ( corpus vile1  
^u :i* x  is all[able to try all mann] (
 oratorical exp]im5ts4  ,besides1 y "k  
,! ,obs]v] is no?+ b a  j\rnali/ic /uff$
 ,guy ,faux1 br\ght out p]iodically = ! 
purpose ( rem9d+ mank9d ( ! wick$ness ( 
! bloody  papi/s4    ,d y "k ,i pity !  
editor ( t pap]8 he mu/ h su*  awful    
nightm>es4 ,j ?9k ( p]petually dream+ t 
!  pope sits sc[l+ on y\r /oma* ready to
 /rangle y1 & a  gr& inquisitor lurks "u

 ! b$6 ,i suppose ,!  ,obs]v] nev] goes 
up-/airs 9 ! d>k )\t dread (  /umbl+ ov]
 a rack1 or runn+ 8 h& into a ?umbscrew1
 &  nev] falls asleep )\t appreh5sions (
 a popi% massacre  be=e morn+4 ,has he  
any special bugaboo to-day8    ',!      
,confessional4' ,i w n read ! :ole      
article4 ,"s (  x is too na/y4 ,b "h is 
a specim53      ',! confessional 9 !    
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & 9 e      *ur* t
 becomes corrupt en\gh to introduce x1 &
      slavi% en\gh to submit to x1 is an
 eng9e ( tyranny ov]      ! social1     
dome/ic1 & private life ( ! p1 ) an     
ext5t1 p[]1 & wick$ness x is h>dly      
possible to conceive4      ',x op]ates  
*iefly ?r\gh ! wom54 ,9 mo/ ( ! ,roman  
,ca?olic c\ntries m5 h sub/antially     
des]t$ !      confessional4 ,!y g once a
 ye>1 at ,ea/]1 if at all4 ,_m      (   
!m1 nom9ally ,ca?olics1 d n take !      
communion1 &      !re=e d n come "u !   
ecclesia/ical necessity (      confess+4
 ,b wom5 are m religi\s1 m sup]/iti\s1  
& m submissive to prie/ly dom9ation ?an 

m54 ,m5 h      _! bus9ess to ?9k ab\t1 &
 (t5 wor%ip mammon4      ,religion is ! 
highe/ ( all m5tal occupations = wom52  
_! life is 9 x2 x is _! life--?is & t to
 come4      ,9 ,prote/ant z well z      
,roman *ur*es wom5 are ! mo/      & !   
be/ ( ! memb]s4 ,x has be5 s f ! "t     
!y outnumb]$ ! disciples at ! cross & ! 
grave (      ! ,savi\r4 ,! confessional 
has its grasp on ! wom5 (      ! ,roman 
,ca?olic ,*ur*2 & ?r\gh !m x rules !    
h\seholds :]e ^? wom5 are wives1 mo!rs1 
si/]s1      *ildr51 or s]vants4 ,x is   
en\gh = ! purpose ( !      prie/s t !y h
 "o spy 9 a h\se2 b ! m !      bett]1 & 
! ne>] t spy is to ! head ( ! h\se      
! m valuable h] s]vice4 ,! conduct (    
s]vants is      c>efully wat*$2 & !y are
 *ang$ f "t to "t by      ! direction ( 
prie/s1 :5 ! family has n !             
slighte/ suspicion ( ! cause4 ,! prie/s 
(t5 select      will+ & capable ag5ts1  
:o1 9 ! capacity ( s]vants1      male & 
female1 act z spies & emiss>ies 9       
h\seholds      !y wi% to sup]vise4 ,!   

in=mation ?us obta9$ is      record$1   
transmitt$ to high] p[]s1 & us$1 )\t    
scruple1 9 ! secret & con/ant op]ations 
( ! *ur*      to get control ov] !      
political & mat]ial int]e/s (      !    
/ate4'    ,!re is no excuse = ?is sort (
 ?+4 ,!re is an untru?  9 almo/ e l9e4  
,i don't *>ge ,! ,obs]v] )  delib]ate   
falsehood1 b x ne$s a good deal ( *>ity1
 9 a  case l ?is1 to rememb] ! diff]5ce 
betwe5 a mi/ake &  a lie4  #gbi  ,m>k y1
 ! writ] does n say3 ',i believe !      
confessional to  be us$ = purposes (    
oppression1' ',i suspect t ! prie/s     
keep spies 9 e h\sehold4' ',i d>e say ! 
*ur* int]f]es  ) our s]vants1' ',i take 
x = grant$ t ! prie/s  repeat :at is    
said to !m 9 confession2' b all ^! vague
  & ridicul\s notions are /at$ 9 !      
broade/ mann]1 z  admitt$ hi/orical     
facts4 ,t is to say1 ,! ,obs]v]  makes !
 mo/ atroci\s *>ges aga9/ u )\t a       
p>ticle (  evid5ce to support !m4 ',i   
guess !y are true1' says !  writ]2 'any 
way1 ,i w make !m4' ,! less ! pro(1 ! m 

emphatic ! ass]tion4 ,suppose ,i h a    
vague suspicion t my  neighbor has /ol5 
money1 & on ! /r5g? ( t suspicion1  n   
kn[+ :e!r x is well-f\nd$ or n1 & hav+  
no  means ( kn[+1 ,i proclaim him z a   
?ief all ov] t[n4  ,:e!r he is "o or n1 
,i commit a grave s9 by defam+ him on   
m]e suspicion2 & if he turn out to be an
 hone/ man aft] all1  ! fact t ,i       
believ$ my own /ory w n save me f !     
consequ5ces ( utt]+ sl&]4 ,! old        
grannies (  ,prote/antism act ^u !      
pr9ciple t x is q fair to  ascribe any  
imag9able s9 ei!r to ! pope or ! devil4 
,!  wick$ness ( bo? be+ inf9ite1 x is   
impossible to ov]%oot  ! m>k4    ,ev5 if
 all prie/s 7 demons1 ,i don't see :y !y
 mu/ also  be describ$ z idiots4 ',spies
 9 ! h\sehold6' ,c y imag9e  any?+ m    
*ildi% ?an li/5+ to ,bridget's & ,m>y   
,ann's  reports ( ! daily life ( _! ma/]
 & mi/ress8 ,c y  imag9e any use to :i* 
su* in=mation c\ld be turn$ by !  *ur*8 
,! ,obs]v] no d\bt supposes t ! ar*bi%op
  ( ,new ,york has daily morn+ audi5ces 

) 8 dome/ic  emiss>ies1 :o tell him :at 
"t ,! ,obs]v] editor got  up1 h[ _m eggs
 he ate = breakfa/1 :at rem>ks he made  
at  family pray]s1 :e!r ! *ildr5 7 good1
 & h[ mu*  but*]'s meat 0 us$ 9 ! h\se  
dur+ ! previ\s week4  ,!n j ?9k ( !     
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* be+ a va/         
intellig5ce-(fice1 ?r\gh :i* s]vants are
 *ang$ ab\t  f h\se to h\se6 ,y flatt]  
y\rself t y *ose y\r  cook out ( a numb]
 ( applicants = ! place4 ,no?+ ( !  k9d 
%e 0 s5t to y\r h\se by ! prie/s1 & =c$ 
on y  by a k9d ( leg]dema91 j z a juggl]
 =ces a c>d4 ,y  ?9k y dis*>g$ y\r la/  
*amb]maid4 ,oh6 no2 %e w5t away  because
 ! prie/s _h duties = h] else:]e4 ,& !  
reports  ( all ^! spies1 ,! ,obs]v]     
assures u1 are actually  writt5 out1 &  
transmitt$ to headqu>t]s6 ,i believe !re
 is  no limit to ! cr$ulity ( a no-pop]y
 zealot4    ,i am glad to see1 h[ev]1 t 
"s ,prote/ants h recogniz$  ! value ( ! 
confessional to society1 & h spok5 w>mly
  ( its sacr$ influ5ce4 ,i suppose y "k 
h[ mu* att5tion  has lately be5 drawn to

 ! great appall+ s9 ( mod]n  ,am]ican   
wom5--! murd] ( _! (fspr+ yet unborn4 ,x
 is a  s9 s preval5t t1 z ,i rememb]    
read+ "s "t ago 9  ,! ,congregationali/1
 x is said t 9 a c]ta9  popul\s di/rict 
9 a l>ge we/]n city1 n a s+le           
,anglo-,am]ican *ild _h be5 born alive 9
 ?ree ye>s6 ,x has  n escap$ ! notice ( 
physicians t no su* practice  prevails  
among ! ,ca?olic population4  #gcj  ,dr4
 ,/or]1 ( ,bo/on1 7a ,prote/ant17       
expla9s ?is diff]5ce  9 8 well-kn[n     
essay on ! subject1 by ! influ5ce ( !   
confessional2 & ,! ,congregationali/    
took ! same  view4 ,inde$1 bo? virtually
 admit t1 if x 7 n = !  confessional1 ! 
natural increase ( population 9 ! ,unit$
  ,/ates w\ld be almo/ entirely *eck$4  
,t is a good ?+ = ,! ,obs]v] to m$itate 
^u2  b ,i am afraid ! v5]able old al>mi/
 is incorrigible4 ,x is  h>d to reason )
 a man ^: hair p]petually /&s on end  ) 
fright4    ,yes1 or ) a pr(essional     
deal] 9 bugaboos4 ,b ev5 if he  believes
 all 8 /ories1 ,i don't see :at good he 

c possibly  expect to come ( tell+ !m4  
,!y are only irritat+4    ,irritat+6 !y 
are crim9ally dang]\s4 ,! greate/ enemy 
to  a community is ! man :o /irs up !   
animosity ( religi\s  d5om9ations aga9/ 
ea* o!r4 ,! natural effect ( su*  /ories
 is to inspire ! ignorant & passionate  
on ! "o side  ) contempt & hatr$1 on !  
o!r ) res5tm5t2 & h[  long c society be 
sure ( peace :5 x is fill$ ) su*        
dang]\s elem5ts8 ,( c\rse1 ! ,ca?olics  
are n s silly or  s wick$ z to fly to   
arms :5ev] an insult is utt]$ aga9/  !  
*ur*1 nei!r are ,prote/ants go+ to def5d
 ,lu!r &  ,h5ry ,,viii4 ) fire & riot2 b
 suppose "s un=ese5  circum/ance        
produces an outbreak1 :at a t]rible     
responsibility  w re/ ^u ^? :o prep>$ ! 
mat]ials ( combu/ion6  ,mr4 ,fr\de1     
speak+ ( ! ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre1     
says1 !  guilt 0 ! que5's1 b h] plan    
c\ld nev] h be5 c>ri$  out1 _h n        
!ological fr5zy already be5 heat$ to !  
boil+-po9t4 ,he is wrong 9 ?is case1 = x
 is prov$ t  !ological fr5zy _h no?+ to 

d ) ! slaught]2  political fr5zy is     
sometimes q z dang]\s2 b ,i wi%  ^? :o  
?9k he is "r w\ld apply 8 pr9ciple to ! 
regulation ( _! own conduct4 ,! fr5zy   
:i* in/igat$ !  burn+ ( ! ,*>le/[n      
conv5t1 ! blood%$ &  inc5di>ism ( !     
,native ,am]ican movem5t 9              
,philadelphia1 &  ! ,"k-,no?+ riots 9   
diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 _h  be5 ga!r$  
up & nurs$ long be=eh& by prea*]s l  ,! 
,obs]v]4 ,!y did n "k :at !y 7 do+1 ,i  
suppose1 b o!rs =esaw & pr$ict$ !       
consequ5ces4 ,rant  is always ! =]unn] (
 riot4 ,! p]iodical excitem5t on  !     
subject ( pop]y :i* breaks out 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 l  ! *ol]a or yell[ fev]1
 has always be5 foll[$ by  lam5table    
di/urbances4 ,! man :o makes 8 liv+ by  
?und]+ at ! corruptions ( ! ,*ur* (     
,rome1 is an  inc5di>y 9 fact1 ?\gh he  
may n be 9 int5tion4 ,( c\rse1  x is a  
pity t m5 %\ld be prone to ang]4 ,x is a
 pity t  we are n always meek1 &        
long-suff]+1 & =giv+2 t  we d n be>     
reproa*es ) pati5ce1 & repay calumnies )

  good de$s4 ,our ,"l tells u to love   
our enemies1 b only a few  ( u are good 
en\gh to obey him4 ,if all ,ca?olics 7  
p]fect  ,*ri/ians1 ,! ,obs]v] might %\t 
h>d names at u  until x 0 black 9 !     
face1 & !re w\ld be no dang]2 b  !re is 
a good deal ( human nature 9 u1 aft]    
all1 & x is  bett] n to g ne> gunp[d] ) 
a light$ c&le4 ,i d n  mean to say1 (   
c\rse1 t !re is dang] ( our delib]ately 
res5t+ su* attacks4 ,we are f> too      
s5sible = t4 ,no  am\nt ( abuse w\ld1 ( 
itself1 provoke u to break ! peace4     
#gca  ,b su* calumni\s h>angues t5d fir/
 to draw a broad l9e (  di/9ction betwe5
 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 & keep !m     
ap>t1 :i*1 alone1 is a social evil2 !n  
!y inevitably fill  ! two p>ties )      
mutual dislike1 &1 9 "t1 drive !m to    
antipa?y2 ! bad feel+ gets worse &      
worse2 & "s day  accid5t br+s ab\t a    
cla%1 & !re is a t]rible explosion1     
nobody kn[s exactly h[1 & nobody kn[s :o
 is mo/ to blame4  ,all we c det]m9e    
ab\t x is1 to use ,fr\de's words1 t x   

c\ld n h happ5$ '_h n !ological fr5zy   
already be5  heat$ to ! boil+-po9t4' ,i 
?9k x is high "t t all  dec5t citiz5s1  
all hone/ !ological disputants1 %\ld set
  _! faces aga9/ ! ,gospel ( ,fr5zy4 ,i 
am will+ to meet  any man 9 a fair      
controv]sy1 b !re is no?+ b dang]  &    
aggravation 9 b&y+ h>d names4 ,! only   
legitimate  object ( controv]sy is to   
make conv]ts1 & y c't d t  )\t good     
temp] & hone/ argum5t4 ,! app>5t purpose
 (  su* tirades z ^? ( ,! ,obs]v]1 is   
m]ely to %[  ! prea*]'s own p>ty h[ mu* 
bett] !y are ?an ! re/  ( ! _w4 ,nobody 
b a fool c\ld expect !m to d any good   
to ! ,ca?olics2 y c't make fri5ds ) a   
man by abus+  8 "m4 ,x ought to be      
cle>ly und]/ood t calm  !ological       
discussion ov] po9ts ( discipl9e or     
dogma is  always 9 ord]2 b atroci\s     
*>ges1 unsupport$ by a tittle  (        
evid5ce1 des]ve no "n b t ( %e] calumny1
 & all  good m5 ought to dete/ !m4 ,if  
,prote/ant prea*]s only  c>ri$ into !   
pulpit & ! editorial *air ! same rules (

  morality :i*1 ,i am happy to believe1 
!y g5]ally practise 9  private life1 !y 
w\ld obs]ve ?is c>d9al pr9ciple1 n to   
publi% infam\s accusations aga9/ _!     
neighbors unless !y  h p]sonal k ( _!   
tru?4    --------                       
,abscondita4        ,fl[] ( ! =e/1 t1   
unse51      ,) sweetness fill'/ ! v]nal 
grove1    ,:]e hid'/ ?\8 ',mid ! grasses
 gre51      ,or ^? dim b\ghs t mix      
above8      ,?\ bird t1 d>kl+1 s+'/ a   
song      ,t %ook ! b[]s ( p>adise1     
,?\ too art hid ?y leaves among3        
,?\ s+'/ unse5 ( mortal eyes4      ,( h]
 ?\ s+'/ ^: e brea?      ,sweet5$ a _w  
too bl9d to he$2    ,( ,him--,dea?'s    
,conqu]or--t f dea?      ,alone w\ld    
take ! cr[n decre$4      ,?\ s+'/ t     
secret gifts are be/2      ,t only l to 
,god are !y    ,:o keep ,god's secret 9 
_! brea/1      ,& hide1 z />s are hid by
 day4                                   
,aubrey ,de ,v]e4    --------    #gcb   
,translat$ ,f ,! ,fr5*4              ,! 
,/ory ( a ,conscript4                   

,,xv4    ,:5 ,i return$ to myself1 ,i   
look$ ar\nd4 ,i 0 9 a long hall1  ) po/s
 all ar\nd4 ,i 0 9 a b$1 & beside me 0  
an old  gray-mu/a*$ soldi]1 :o1 :5 he   
saw my eyes op51 lift$ up  my head &    
held a cup to my lips4    ,well1 said he
 *e]fully1 well6 we are bett]4    ,i    
c\ld n help smil+ z ,i ?\ght t ,i 0 yet 
among !  liv+4 ,my *e/ & arm 7 /iff )   
b&ages2 ,i felt z if a  hot iron 7 burn+
 me !re2 b no matt]1 ,i liv$6    ,i gaz$
 at ! heavy raft]s cross+ ! space above 
me2 at !  tiles ( ! ro(1 ?r\gh :i* !    
daylight ent]$ 9 m  ?an "o spot2 ,i     
turn$ & look$ to ! o!r side1 & saw  t ,i
 0 9 "o ( ^? va/ %$s us$ by ! brew]s ( !
  c\ntry z a %elt] = _! casks & wagons4 
,all ar\nd1 on  mattresses & heaps (    
/raw1 numb]s ( w\nd$ lay rang$2 &  9 !  
middle1 on a l>ge kit*5-table1 a        
surgeon-major & 8  two aids1 _!         
%irt-sleeves roll$ up1 7 amputat+ ! leg 
( a soldi]1 :o 0 %riek+ 9 agony4 ,beh9d 
!m 0 a mass  ( legs & arms4 ,i turn$    
away sick & trembl+4    ,five or six    

soldi]s 7 walk+ ab\t1 giv+ dr9k to !    
w\nd$4    ,b ! man :o impress$ himself  
mo/ on my memory 0 a surgeon  ) sleeves 
roll$ up1 :o cut & cut )\t pay+ !       
slighte/ att5tion to :at 0 go+ on ar\nd2
 he 0 a man  ) a l>ge nose & wr9kl$     
*eeks1 & e mom5t flew into  a passion at
 8 assi/ants1 :o c\ld n give him 8      
knives1  p9c]s1 l9t1 or l95 fa/ en\gh1  
or :o 7 n quick en\gh  spong+ up !      
blood4    ,!y _h j laid out on ! table a
 ,russian c>b9e]1 six feet  9 height at 
lea/2 a ball _h pi]c$ 8 neck ne> ! e>1 &
  :ile ! surgeon 0 ask+ = 8 little      
knives1 a cavalry  surgeon pass$ be=e ! 
%$4 ,he 0 %ort1 /\t1 & badly  pitt$ ) ! 
small-pox1 & held a portfolio "u 8 arm4 
,ha6 ,=el6 cri$ he *e]fully4    ,x is   
,du*ne1 said our surgeon1 turn+ ar\nd4  
,h[ _m  w\nd$8    ,sev5te5 to eighte5   
?\s&4 ,our surgeon left ! %$ to  *at ) 8
 comrade2 !y conv]s$ tranquilly1 :ile ! 
assi/ants sat d[n to dr9k a cup ( w9e1 &
 ! ,russian  roll$ 8 eyes despair+ly4   
,see1 ,du*ne2 y h only to g d[n ! /reet1

 opposite t  well1 d y see8     ,v well 
inde$4    ,j opposite y w see ! cante54 
,v good2 ?ank y2 ,i am (f4    ,he />t$1 
& our surgeon call$ aft] him--    ,a    
good appetite to y1 ,du*ne6    ,!n he   
return$ to 8 ,russian1 ^: neck he _h    
laid op54 ,he  work$ ill-humor$ly1      
con/antly scold+ 8 aids4    #gcc    ,!  
,russian wri!d & groan$1 b he paid no   
att5tion to  t1 & at la/1 ?r[+ ! bullet 
^u ! gr\nd1 he  b&ag$ up ! w\nd1 & cri$1
 ,c>ry him (f6    ,!y lift$ ! ,russian f
 ! table1 & /ret*$ him on a  mattress   
beside ! o!rs2 !n !y laid 8 neighbor ^u 
!  table4    ,i c\ld n ?9k t su* horrors
 took place 9 ! _w2 b  ,i 0 yet to see  
worse ?an ?is4    ,at five or six b$s f 
m9e 0 an old corporal ) 8 leg  b\nd up4 
,he clos$ "o eye kn[+ly1 & said to 8    
neighbor1  ^: arm _h j be5 cut (f3      
,conscript1 look at t heap6 ,i w bet t y
 _c  recognize y\r arm4    ,! o!r1 :o _h
 hi!rto %[n ! greate/ c\rage1 look$1  & 
fell back s5seless4    ,!n ! corporal   
began laugh+1 say+3    ,he did recognize

 x4 ,x always produces t effect4    ,he 
look$ ar\nd self-approv+ly1 b3 no "o    
laugh$ ) him4    ,e mom5t ! w\nd$ call$ 
= wat]4 ,:5 "o began1 all  foll[$1 & !  
old soldi] _h c]ta9ly conceiv$ a lik+  =
 me1 = ea* "t he pass$1 he pres5t$ !    
cup4    ,i did n rema9 9 ! %$ m ?an an  
h\r4 ,a doz5  ambulances drew up be=e ! 
door1 & ! peasants ( !  c\ntry r\nd1 9  
_! velvet jackets & l>ge black1 sl\*$   
hats1 _! :ips on _! %\ld]s1 held !      
horses by !  re9s4 ,a picket ( huss>s   
arriv$ soon aft]1 & _! (fic]  dism\nt+1 
ent]$ & said3    ,excuse me1 major1 b "h
 is an ord] to escort twelve wagons  (  
w\nd$ z f> z ,lutz54 ,is x "h t we are  
to receive  !m8 ',yes1 x is "h1 repli$ !
 surgeon4    ,! peasants & !            
ambulance-driv]s1 aft] giv+ u a la/     
draught ( w9e1 began c>ry+ u to !       
wagons4 ,z "o 0  fill$1 x dep>t$1 &     
ano!r advanc$4 ,!y _h giv5 u our        
great-coats2 b despite !m & ! sun1 :i* 0
 %9+  brightly1 we %iv]$ ) cold4 ,no "o 
spoke2 ea* 0 too mu*  occupi$ ?9k+ (    

himself4    ,at mom5ts ,i 0 t]ribly     
cold2 !n fla%es ( heat w\ld d>t  ?r\gh  
me1 & flu% me z 9 fev]2 & inde$ x 0 !   
beg9n+ ( ! fev]4 ,b z we left ,kaya1 ,i 
0 yet well2 ,i  saw ev]y?+ cle>ly1 & x 0
 n till we ne>$ ,leipsic  t ,i felt     
inde$ sick4 ,! huss>s rode beside u1    
smok+ &  *att+1 pay+ no att5tion to u4  
,9 pass+ ?r\gh ,kaya1 ,i saw all !      
horrors ( w>4 ,!  village 0 b a mass (  
c9d]s2 ! ro(s _h fall51 & !  walls alone
 rema9$ /&+2 ! raft]s 7 brok52 we c\ld  
see ! remnants ( rooms1 /airs1 & doors  
heap$ )94 ,!  poor villag]s1 wom51      
*ildr51 & old m51 came & w5t )  sorr[ful
 faces4 ,we c\ld see !m go+ up & d[n 9  
_!  h\ses2 & 9 "o we saw a mirror yet   
hang+ unbrok51 %[+  :]e dwelt a "y girl 
9 "t ( peace4    ,ah6 :o ( !m c\ld =esee
 t _! happ9ess w\ld s soon  be de/roy$1 
n by ! fury ( ! w9ds or ! wra? (  heav51
 b by ! rage ( man6    ,ev5 ! cattle &  
pigeons seem$ seek+ _! lo/ homes among  
! ru9s2 ! ox5 & ! goats scatt]$ ?r\gh ! 
/reets1  l[$ & bleat$ pla9tively4 ,at ! 

la/ h\se an old man1 )  fl[+ :ite hair1 
sat at ! ?re%old ( :at _h be5 8         
cottage1 ) a *ild ^u 8 knees1 gl>+ on u 
z we pass$4  ,8 furr[$ br[ & /ony eyes  
spoke ( despair4  #gcd  ,h[ _m ye>s (   
labor1 ( pati5t economy1 _h he pass$ to 
make sure a quiet old age6 ,n[ all 0    
cru%$1 ru9$2 ! *ild  & he _h no long] a 
ro( to cov] _! heads4    ,& ^? great    
tr5*es--fully a mile ( !m--at :i* !     
c\ntry p 7 work+ 9 su* ha/e1 to keep !  
plague  f complet+ ! "w w> began6 ,i saw
 !m1 too1 f ! top  ( ! hill ( ,kaya1 &  
turn$ away my eyes1 horror-/rick54      
,russians1 ,fr5*1 ,prussians 7 !re heap$
 pell-mell1 z if  ,god _h made !m to    
love ea* o!r be=e ! inv5tion ( arms  &  
uni=ms1 :i* divide !m = ! pr(it ( ^? :o 
rule  !m4 ,!re !y lay1 side by side2 &  
^? ( !m :o c\ld  n die knew no m ( w>1 b
 curs$ ! crimes t _h =  c5turies kept !m
 ap>t4    ,b :at 0 sadd] yet1 0 ! long  
l9e ( ambulances1 be>+  ! agoniz$       
w\nd$--^? ( :om !y speak s mu* 9 !      
bullet9s to make ! loss seem less1 & :o 

die by ?\s&s 9  ! hospitals1 f> f all !y
 love2 :ile at _! homes  cannon are     
fir+1 & *ur*-bells are r++ ) joy\s      
*imes ( victory4    ,at l5g? we rea*$   
,lutz51 b x 0 s full ( w\nd$ t  we 7    
oblig$ to cont9ue on to ,leipsic4       
,fatigue & we>9ess  ov]p[]$ me1 & ,i    
fell asleep1 & only awoke :5 ,i felt    
myself lift$ f ! ambulance4 ,x 0 night1 
! sky seem$  cov]$ ) />s1 & innum]able  
lights %one f an imm5se  edifice be=e u4
 ,x 0 ! hospital ( ! m>ket-place at     
,leipsic4    ,! two m5 :o 7 c>ry+ me    
asc5d$ a spiral /airway :i*  l$ to an   
imm5se hall1 :]e b$s 7 laid toge!r 9    
?ree  l9es1 s close t !y t\*$ ea* o!r4  
,on "o ( ^!  b$s ,i 0 plac$1 9 ! mid/ ( 
oa?s1 cries = pity1 &  mutt]$ compla9ts 
f hundr$s ( fev]-/rick5 w\nd$4 ,!  w9d[s
 7 op51 & ! flames ( ! lant]ns flick]$ 9
  ! gu/s ( w9d4 ,surgeons1 assi/ants1 & 
nurses came &  w5t1 :ile ! groans f !   
halls bel[1 & ! roll+ (  ambulances1    
crack+ ( :ips & neigh+ ( horses )\t1    
seem$ to pi]ce my v bra94 ,:ile !y 7    

undress+ me1  !y h&l$ me r\ghly1 & my   
w\nd pa9$ me s horribly t  ,i c\ld n    
avoid %riek+4 ,a surgeon came up at     
once1 &  scold$ !m = n be+ m c>eful4 ,t 
is all ,i rememb]  t night2 = ,i became 
deliri\s1 & rav$ con/antly (  ,ca?>9e1  
,monsieur ,g\ld51 & ,aunt ,grdel1 z my  
neighbor1 an  old artill]yman1 :om my   
cries prev5t$ f sleep+1  aft]w>d told   
me4 ,i awoke ! next morn+ at ab\t eight 
o'clock1 & !n le>n$ t ,i _h ! bone ( my 
left %\ld]  brok54 ,i lay 9 ! middle ( a
 doz5 surgeons2 "o ( !m a  /\t1 d>k man1
 :om !y call$ ,monsieur ! ,b>on1 0 op5+ 
my b&ages1 :ile an assi/ant at ! foot ( 
! b$ held a  bas9 ( w>m wat]4 ,! b>on   
exam9$ my w\nd2 all ! o!rs  b5t =w>d to 
he> :at he might say4 ,he spoke a few   
mom5ts1  b all t ,i c\ld und]/& 01 t !  
ball _h /ruck  f bel[1 break+ ! bone &  
pass+ out beh9d4 ,!  surgeon1 pass+ to  
ano!r b$1 cri$3    ,:at6 ,y "h aga91 old
 fell[8    ,yes2 x is ,i1 ,monsieur !   
,b>on1 repli$ ! artill]yman1  pr\d to be
 recogniz$2 ! fir/ "t 0 at ,au/]litz1 ! 

second at ,j5a1 & !n ,i receiv$ two     
?ru/s ( a lance at  ,smol5sk4    #gce   
,yes1 yes1 said ! surgeon k9dly2 & n[   
:at is ! matt]  ) y8    ,?ree sabre-cuts
 on my left arm :ile ,i 0 def5d+ my     
piece  f ! ,prussians4    ,! surgeon    
unw\nd ! b&age1 & ask$3    ,h y ! cross8
    ,no1 ,monsieur ! ,b>on4    ,:at is  
y\r "n8    ,*ri/ian ,zunni]1 second     
artill]ie-a-*eval4    ,v good6    ,he   
dress$ ! w\nds1 & w5t to ! next1 say+1  
,y w soon be well4    ,! old            
artill]yman's he>t seem$ ov]fl[+ ) joy2 
&1 z  ,i conclud$ f 8 "n t he came f    
,alsace1 ,i spoke to  him 9 our         
language1 at :i* he 0 /ill m rejoic$4   
,he  call$ me ,josephel1 & said3        
,josephel1 be c>eful h[ y swall[ !      
m$ic9es !y give  y1 only take :at y "k4 
,all t does n ta/e well is  good = no?+4
 ,if !y w\ld give u a bottle (  ,rikevir
 e day1 we w\ld soon be well4    ,:5 ,i 
told him ,i 0 afraid ( dy+ ( ! fev]1 he 
laugh$  long & l\d1 & said3             
,josephel1 y are a fool4 ,d y ?9k t su* 

tall fell[s z  y & ,i 7 born to die 9 a 
hospital8 ,no1 no2 drive ! idea  f y\r  
head4    ,b he spoke 9 va91 = e morn+ ! 
surgeons1 mak+  _! r\nds1 f\nd sev5 or  
eight dead4 ,"s di$ 9 fev]s1  "s 9 a    
deadly *ill2 s t heat or cold might be !
 presage  ( dea?4    ,zunni] said t all 
?is proce$$ f ! evil drugs :i*  !       
doctors inv5t$4 ,d y see t tall1 ?9     
fell[8 he  ask$4 ,well1 t man c boa/ (  
hav+ kill$ m m5 ?an a  field-piece2 he  
is always prim$1 ) 8 mat* light$2 &  t  
little br[n fell[--,i w\ld s5d him      
in/ead ( ! emp]or  to ! ,russians &     
,prussians2 he w\ld kill m ( !m ?an a   
corps d'arme4    ,he w\ld h made me     
laugh ) 8 jokes if ! litt]s 7  n        
con/antly pass+4    ,at ! end ( ?ree    
weeks my %\ld] _h begun to heal1 &      
,zunni]'s w\nds 7 also do+ well1 & !y   
all[$ u to  walk 9 ! l>ge g>d51 full (  
elms1 beh9d ! hospital4  ,!re 7 b5*es "u
 ! trees1 & we walk$ ! pa?s l           
millionaires 9 our gray great-coats &   
=age-caps4 ,!  increas+ heat presag$ a  

f9e ye>1 & (t51 :5 look+ at  ! beautiful
 sc5]y ar\nd1 ,i ?\ght ( ,phalsb\rg1 & !
  te>s came to my eyes4    ,i w\ld l to 
"k :at makes y cry s1 said ,zunni]4     
,in/ead ( cat*+ a fev] 9 ! hospital1 or 
los+ a leg or  arm1 l hundr$s ( o!rs1 "h
 we are quietly seat$ 9 !  %ade2 we are 
well f$1 & c smoke :5 we h any tobacco2 
& /ill y cry4 ,:at m d y want1          
,josephel8    ,!n ,i told him ( ,ca?>9e2
 ( our walks at ,quatre-,v5ts2 (  our   
promises2 ( all my =m] life1 :i* !n     
seem$ a dream4  ,he li/5$1 smok+ 8 pipe4
    ,yes1 yes1 said he2 all ?is is v    
sad4 ,be=e !  conscription ( #agih1 ,i  
too 0 go+ to m>ry a girl ( our  village1
 :o 0 nam$ ,m>grdel1 & :om ,i lov$ bett]
 ?an  all ! _w beside4 ,we _h promis$ to
 m>ry ea* o!r2 &  all ?r\gh ! campaign (
 ,zuri*1 ,i nev] pass$ a day )\t  ?9k+ (
 h]4 ,b :5 ,i fir/ receiv$ a furl\gh &  
rea*$  home1 :at did ,i he>8 ,m>grdel _h
 be5 ?ree mon?s m>ri$ to  a %oemak]1    
nam$ ,passauf4    #gcf    ,y may imag9e 
my wra?1 ,josephel2 ,i c\ld n see       

cle>ly2 ,i  want$ to demoli% ev]y?+2 &1 
z !y told me t ,passauf  0 at !         
,gr&-,c]f brew]y1 ?i!r ,i />t$1 look+   
nei!r to ! "r nor left4 ,!re ,i saw him 
dr9k+ )  ?ree or f\r o!r rogues4 ,z ,i  
ru%$ =w>d1 he cri$1 ',!re  comes        
,*ri/ian ,zunni]6 ,h[ goes x1 ,*ri/ian6 
,m>grdel s5ds  y h] complim5ts4' ,i     
seiz$ a glass :i* ,i hurl$ at 8  head1 &
 broke to pieces1 say+1 ',give h] t = my
 w$d+  pres5t1 y begg>6' ,! o!rs1 see+  
_! fri5d ?us  maltreat$1 v naturally    
fell ^u me4 ,i knock$ two ( ?ree  ( !m  
ov] ) a jug1 jump$ on a table1 sprang   
?r\gh a  w9d[1 & beat a retreat4    ,x 0
 "t1 ,i ?\ght    ,b t 0 n all1 he       
cont9u$1 ,i _h sc>cely rea*$ my  "m's :5
 ! g5d>m]ie arriv$1 & !y arre/$ me4 ,!y 
put me on a wagon & conduct$ me f my    
brigade to my  regim5t1 :i* 0 at        
,/rasb\rg4 ,i rema9$ six weeks at       
,f9ckmatt1 & w\ld probably h receiv$ !  
ball & *a91  if we did n h to cross !   
,rh9e to ,hoh5l9d54    ,f t day1        
,josephel1 ! ?\ght ( m>riage nev] tr\bl$

  me4 ,don't talk to me ( a soldi] :o   
has a wife to ?9k (4  ,look at our      
g5]als :o are m>ri$1 d !y fight z !y us$
  to8    ,i c\ld n answ]1 = ,i did n "k2
 b day aft] day ,i  wait$ anxi\sly to   
he> f home1 & my joy c be m easily      
imag9$ ?an describ$ :51 "o day1 a l>ge1 
squ>e lett] 0  h&$ me4 ,i recogniz$     
,monsieur ,g\ld5's h&writ+4    ,well1   
said ,zunni]1 laugh+1 x is come at la/4 
,i did n answ]1 b ?ru/ ! lett] 9 my     
pocket1 to read x  at leisure & alone4  
,i w5t to ! end ( ! g>d5 & op5$  x4 ,two
 or ?ree apple-blossoms dropp$ ^u !     
gr\nd1 ) an  ord] = money1 on :i*       
,monsieur ,g\ld5 _h writt5 a few  words4
 ,b :at t\*$ me mo/ 0 ! h&writ+ (       
,ca?>9e1  :i* ,i gaz$ at )\t read+ a ^w1
 :ile my he>t beat z  if ab\t to bur/   
?r\gh my bosom4 ,at la/ ,i grew a little
  calm] & read3    ,my ,de> ,joseph3 ,i 
write y to tell y ,i yet love y alone1  
& t1 day by day1 ,i love y m4    ,my    
greate/ grief is to "k t y are w\nd$1 9 
a  hospital1 & t ,i _c take c>e ( y4    

,s9ce !  conscripts dep>t$1 we h n _h a 
mom5t's peace ( m9d4 ,my  "m says ,i am 
silly to weep night & day1 b %e weeps z 
mu* z ,i1 & h] wra? falls heavily on    
,p9acle1 :o sc>cely  n[ d>es come to !  
m>ket-place4 ,:5 we he>d ! battle _h    
tak5 place1 & t ?\s&s ( m5 _h fall51 "m 
ran  e morn+ to ! po/-(fice1 :ile ,i    
c\ld n move f !  h\se4 ,at la/ y\r lett]
 came1 ?ank heav56 to *e] u4 ,we  hope  
n[ to see y aga91 b ,god's w be done4   
,_m p talk ( peace1 b ! emp]or s loves  
w>1 t ,i  fe> x is f> (f4    ,n[1       
,monsieur ,g\ld5 wi%es to say a few     
words to y1 s ,i  w close4 ,! wea!r is  
beautiful "h1 & ! great  apple-tree 9 ! 
g>d5 is full ( fl[]s2 ,i h pluck$ a     
few1 :i* ,i s5d 9 ?is lett]4 ,god bless 
y1 ,joseph1 &  f>ewell6    #gcg    ,z ,i
 f9i%$ read+ ?is1 ,zunni] arriv$1 & 9 my
 joy1 ,i  said3    ,sit d[n1 ,zunni]1 & 
,i w read y my swee!>t's lett]4  ,y w   
see :e!r %e is a ,m>grdel4    ,let me   
light my pipe fir/1 he answ]$2 & hav+   
done s1 he  add$3 ,g on1 ,josephel1 b ,i

 w>n y t ,i am an old bird1  & d n      
believe all ,i he>2 wom5 are m cunn+ ?an
 we4    ,not)/&+ ?is bit ( philosophy1  
,i read ,ca?>9e's lett]  sl[ly to him4  
,:5 ,i _h end$1 he took x1 & = a long "t
  gaz$ at x dreamily1 & !n h&$ x back1  
say+3    ,!re6 ,josephel4 ,%e is a good 
girl1 & a s5sible "o1 &  w nev] m>ry any
 "o b y4    ,d y really ?9k s8    ,yes2 
y may rely ^u h]2 %e w nev] m>ry a      
,passauf4 ,i  w\ld r di/ru/ ! emp]or ?an
 su* a girl4    ,i c\ld h embrac$       
,zunni] = ^! words2 b ,i said3    ,i h  
receiv$ a bill = "o hundr$ francs4 ,n[ =
 "s  :ite w9e ( ,alsace4 ,let u try to  
get out4    ,t is well ?\ght (1 said he1
 twi/+ 8 mu/a*e &  putt+ 8 pipe 9 8     
pocket4 ,i d n l to mope 9 a  g>d5 :5   
!re are tav]ns outside4 ,we mu/ get     
p]mission4    ,we arose joyfully & w5t  
to ! hospital1 :5 !  lett]-c>ri]1 com+  
out1 /opp$ ,zunni]1 say+3    ,are y     
,*ri/ian ,zunni]1 ( ! second            
artill]ie--*eval8    ,i h t honor1      
monsieur ! c>ri]4    ,well1 "h is some?+

 = y1 said ! o!r1 h&+ him a  little     
package & a l>ge lett]4    ,zunni] 0    
/upifi$1 nev] hav+ receiv$ any?+ f home 
or f any:]e else4 ,he op5$ ! packet--a  
box appe>$--!n  ! box--& saw ! cross (  
honor4 ,he became pale2 8 eyes  fill$ ) 
te>s1 he /agg]$ aga9/ a balu/rade1 & !n 
%\t$ ,vive l',emp]eur6 9 su* tones t !  
?ree  halls rang & rang aga94    ,!     
c>ri] look$ on smil+4    ,y are         
satisfi$1 said he4    ,satisfi$6 ,i ne$ 
b "o ?+ m4    ,& :at is t8    ,p]mission
 to g to ! city4    ,y mu/ ask ,monsieur
 ,t>dieu1 ! surgeon 9 *ief4    ,he w5t  
away laugh+1 :ile we asc5d$ arm-9-arm1  
to ask  p]mission ( ! surgeon-major1 an 
old man1 :o _h he>d !  ,vive l',emp]eur6
 & dem&$ gravely3    ,:at is ! matt]8   
,zunni] %[$ 8 cross & repli$3    ,p>don1
 major2 b ,i am m ?an usually m]ry4     
,i c easily believe y1 said ,monsieur   
,t>dieu2 y want a  pass to ! city8      
,if y w be s good2 = myself & my        
comrade1 ,joseph  ,b]?a4    ,! surgeon  
_h exam9$ my w\nd ! day be=e4 ,he took  

out 8  portfolio & gave u passes4 ,we   
salli$ =? z pr\d z  k+s--,zunni] ( 8    
cross1 ,i1 ( my lett]4                  
,,xvi4    ,i walk$ dreamily ?r\gh !     
/reets1 l$ by ,zunni]1 :o  recogniz$ e  
corn]1 & kept repeat+3    ,!re--!re is !
 *ur* ( ,sa9t ,ni*olas2 t l>ge  build+  
is ! univ]sity2 t on yond] is ! ,htel de
  ,ville4    ,he seem$ to rememb] e     
/one1 hav+ be5 !re 9 #ahjg1  be=e !     
battle ( ,fri$l&1 & cont9u$3    #gch    
,we are ! same "h z if we 7 9 ,metz1 or 
,/rasb\rg1 or  any o!r city 9 ,france4  
,! p wi% u well4 ,aft] !  campaign (    
#ahjf1 !y us$ to d all !y c\ld = u4 ,!  
citiz5s w\ld take ?ree or f\r ( u at a  
"t to d9n] )  !m4 ,!y ev5 gave u balls1 
& call$ u ! h]oes ( ,j5a4  ,let u g 9   
some:]e & see h[ !y w treat u4 ,we nam$ 
_! elector ,k+ ( ,saxony1 & gave him a  
good slice (  ,pol&4    ,sudd5ly he     
/opp$ be=e a little1 l[ door1 & cri$3   
,hold6 ,"h is ! ,gold5 ,%eep ,brew]y4 ,!
 front is on !  o!r /reet1 b we c ent]  
"h4 ,come6    ,i foll[$ him into a n>r[1

 w9d+ passage1 :i* l$ to an  old c\rt1  
surr\nd$ by rubble walls4 ,to ! "r 0 !  
brew]y1 & 9 a corn] a great :eel1 turn$ 
by an enorm\s  dog1 :i* pump$ ! be] to e
 /ory ( ! h\se4    ,! cl9k+ ( glasses 0 
he>d com+ f a room :i* op5$  on ! ,rue  
de ,tilly4 ,! sweet smell ( ! new ,m>*  
be] fill$  ! air1 & ,zunni]1 ) a look ( 
satisfaction1 cri$3    ,yes1 "h ,i came 
six ye>s ago ) ,f]r & ,r\sillon4 ,poor  
,r\sillon6 he left 8 bones at ,smol5sk2 
& ,f]r mu/ n[ be  at home 9 8 village1 =
 he lo/ a leg at ,wagram4    ,at ! same 
"t he pu%$ op5 ! door1 & we ent]$ a l(ty
  hall1 full ( smoke4 ,i saw1 ?r\gh !   
?ick1 gray atmosph]e1 a  long r[ (      
tables1 surr\nd$ by m5 dr9k+--! great]  
numb] 9 %ort coats & little caps1 !     
rema9d] 9 ! ,saxon  uni=m4 ,!y 7 mo/ly  
/ud5ts1 & ! olde/ ( !m--a  tall1        
)]$-look+ man1 ) a r$ nose & long flax5 
be>d1 /a9$ ) be]--0 /&+ ^u a table1     
read+ !  gazette al\d4 ,he held ! pap] 9
 "o h&1 & 9 ! o!r a  long porcela9 pipe4
 ,8 comrades1 ) _! long1 light hair     

fall+ ^u _! %\ld]s1 7 li/5+ ) ! deepe/  
int]e/2 & z we ent]$1 !y %\t$ ,vat]l&6  
,vat]l&6    ,!y t\*$ glasses ) ! ,saxon 
soldi]s1 :ile ! tall  /ud5t b5t ov] to  
take up 8 glass1 & ! r\nd1 fat brew]    
cri$3    ,gesundheit6 ,gesundheit6      
,sc>cely _h we made half a doz5 /eps    
t[>d !m1 :5 !y  became sil5t4    ,come1 
come1 comrades6 cri$ ,zunni]1 don't     
di/urb y\rselves4  ,g on read+4 ,we d n 
object to he> ! news4    ,b !y did n    
seem incl9$ to pr(it by our invitation1 
&  ! read] desc5d$ f ! table1 fold+ up 8
 pap]1 :i*  he put 9 8 pocket4    ,x is 
f9i%$1 said he1 x is f9i%$4    ,yes2 x  
is f9i%$1 repeat$ ! o!rs1 look+ at ea*  
o!r  ) a peculi> expression4    ,two or 
?ree ( ! soldi]s rose & left ! room1 & !
 fat  l&lord said3    ,y d n p]haps "k t
 ! l>ge hall is on ! ,rue de  ,tilly8   
,yes2 we "k x v well1 repli$ ,zunni]2 b 
,i l ?is  little hall bett]4 ,"h ,i us$ 
to come1 long ago1 ) two old  comrades1 
to empty a few glasses 9 honor ( ,j5a & 
,au]/a$t4  ,i "k ?is room ( old4    ,ah6

 z y please1 z y please1 return$ !      
l&lord4 ,d  y wi% "s ,m>* be]8    ,yes2 
two glasses & ! gazette4    ,v good4    
#gci    ,! glasses 7 h&$ u1 & ,zunni]1  
:o obs]v$ no?+1  tri$ to op5 a          
conv]sation ) ! /ud5ts2 b !y excus$     
!mselves1 &1 "o aft] ano!r1 w5t out4 ,i 
saw t !y  hat$ u1 b d>$ n %[ x4    ,!   
gazette spoke ( an armi/ice1 aft] two   
new victories at  ,bautz5 & ,wurts*54   
,?is armi/ice comm5c$ on ! six? (       
,june1 & a conf]5ce 0 !n be+ held at    
,prague1 9 ,bohemia1  to arrange on t]ms
 ( peace4 ,all ?is naturally gave me    
pleasure4 ,i ?\ght ( aga9 see+ home4 ,b 
,zunni]1 ) 8  habit ( ?9k+ al\d1 fill$ !
 hall ) 8 reflections1  & int]rupt$ me  
at e l9e4    ,an armi/ice6 he cri$4 ,d  
we want an armi/ice1 aft] hav+  beat5 ^?
 ,prussians & ,russians ?ree times8 ,we 
%\ld  annihilate !m6 ,w\ld !y give u an 
armi/ice if !y _h  beat5 u8 ,!re1       
,joseph1 y see ! emp]or's "*--he is  too
 good4 ,x is 8 only fault4 ,he did !    
same ?+ aft]  ,au/]litz1 & we _h to beg9

 ov] aga94 ,i tell y1 he is too  good & 
if he 7 n s1 we %\ld h be5 ma/]s (      
,europe4    ,z he spoke1 he look$ ar\nd 
z if seek+ ass5t2 b !  /ud5ts sc[l$1 &  
no "o repli$4    ,at la/ ,zunni] rose4  
,come1 ,joseph1 said he2 ,i "k no?+ (   
politics1 b ,i  insi/ t we %\ld give no 
armi/ice to ^? begg>s4 ,:5  !y are d[n1 
we %\ld keep !m !re4    ,aft] we _h paid
 our reckon+1 & 7 once m 9 !  /reet1 he 
cont9u$3    ,i d n "k :at 0 ! matt] ) ^?
 p to-day4 ,we  mu/ h di/urb$ !m 9      
some?+4    ,x is v possible1 ,i repli$4 
,!y c]ta9ly did n seem  l ! good-natur$ 
folks y 7 speak+ (4    ,no1 said he4 ,! 
/ud5ts1 long ago1 us$ to pass _! "t     
dr9k+ ) u4 ,we sang ,fanfan la ,tulipe &
 ',k+  ,dagob]t' toge!r1 :i* are n      
political songs1 y "k4 ,b  ^! fell[s are
 good = no?+4    ,i knew1 aft]w>d1 t ^? 
/ud5ts 7 memb]s ( !  ,tug5d-,bund4 ,no  
wond] !y hat$ ,fr5*m56    ,on return+ to
 ! hospital1 we le>n$ t we 7 to g1 t    
same ev5+1 to ! b>racks ( ,ros5?al--a   
sort (  depot = w\nd$1 ne> ,lutz51 :]e !

 roll 0 call$ morn+  & ev5+1 b :]e1 at  
all o!r times1 we 7 at lib]ty to  d z we
 pleas$4 ,we (t5 /roll$ ?r\gh ! t[n2 b !
  citiz5s n[ slamm$ _! doors 9 our      
faces1 & !  tav]n-keep]s n only refus$  
to give u cr$it1 b attempt$  to *>ge    
d\ble & triple = :at we got4 ,b my      
comrade c\ld  n be *eat$4 ,he knew !    
price ( ev]y?+ z well z any  ,saxon     
among !m4 ,(t5 we /ood on ! bridge &    
gaz$ at !  ?\s& bran*es ( ! ,pleisse & !
 ,el/]1 gl[+ r$ 9  ! light ( ! sett+    
sun1 little ?9k+ t we %\ld "o  day cross
 ^? riv]s aft] los+ ! bloodie/ (        
battles1 &  t :ole regim5ts w\ld be     
subm]g$ 9 ! glitt]+ wat]s  b5ea? u4     
,b ! ill-feel+ ( ! p t[>d u 0 %[n 9 a   
?\s& =ms4 ,! day aft] ! conclusion ( !  
armi/ice1 we  w5t toge!r to ba! 9 !     
,el/]1 & ,zunni]1 see+ a  peasant       
approa*+1 cri$3    ,holloa6 comrade6 ,is
 !re any dang] "h8    ,no4 ,g 9 boldly1 
repli$ ! man4    #gdj    ,zunni]1       
mi/ru/+ no?+1 walk$ fifte5 or eighte5   
feet  out4 ,he 0 a good swimm]1 b 8 left

 arm 0 yet weak1 &  ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t  
c>ri$ him away s quickly t he  c\ld n   
ev5 cat* ! bran*es ( ! will[s :i* hung  
ov]  him2 & 7 x n t he 0 c>ri$ to a =d1 
:]e he  ga9$ a foot+1 he w\ld h be5     
swept betwe5 two muddy  isl&s1 & c]ta9ly
 lo/4    ,! peasant /ood to see ! effect
 ( 8 advice4 ,i ru%$ at  him1 b he      
laugh$1 & ran1 quick] ?an ,i c\ld foll[ 
him1 to  ! city4 ,zunni] 0 wild ) wra?1 
& wi%$ to pursue him  to ,c\newitz2 b h[
 c\ld we f9d him among f\r or five      
hundr$ h\ses8    ,return+ to ,leipsic1  
we saw joy pa9t$ on ! c\nt5ances (  !   
inhabitants4 ,x did n display itself    
op5ly2 b !  citiz5s1 meet+1 w\ld %ake   
h&s ) an air ( huge  satisfaction1 & !  
g5]al rejoic+ gli/5$ ev5 9 !  eyes (    
s]vants & ! poore/ workm54    ,zunni]   
said3 ,^! ,g]mans seem to be m]ry ab\t  
some?+4  ,!y d n always look s          
good-natur$4    ,yes1 ,i repli$2 _! good
 humor comes f ! f9e wea!r  & good      
h>ve/4    ,b :5 we rea*$ ! b>racks1 we  
f\nd "s ( our (fic]s  at ! gate1 talk+  

eag]ly toge!r1 & !n we le>n$ !  cause ( 
s mu* joy4 ,! conf]5ce at ,prague 0     
brok5 (f1  & ,au/ria1 too1 0 ab\t to    
decl>e w> aga9/ u1 :i* gave  u two      
hundr$ ?\s& m m5 to take c>e (4    ,!   
day aft]1 twelve hundr$ w\nd$ 7 ord]$ to
  rejo9  _! corps4 ,zunni] 0 ( !        
numb]--,i accompani$ him to !  gates4   
,my arm 0 yet too weak = duty4 ,my      
exi/5ce 0 !m  sad en\gh1 = ,i =m$ no m  
close fri5d%ips1 & :51 on  ! fir/ (     
,octob]1 ! old surgeon1 ,t>dieu1 gave me
 my ord]s  to m>*1 tell+ me ,i 0 fully  
recov]$1 ,i felt almo/  reliv$4         
,,xvii4    ,x 0 ab\t five o'clock 9 !   
ev5+1 & we 7 approa*+  ! village (      
,risa1 :5 we descri$ an old mill1 ) its 
wood5 bridge1 ov] :i* a bridle-pa? ran4 
,we /ruck (f f  ! road & took ?is pa?1  
to make a %ort cut to ! village1  :5 we 
he>d cries & %rieks = help1 &1 at ! same
  mom5t1 two wom51 "o old1 & ! o!r      
some:at y\ng]1 ran  across a g>d51      
dragg+ two *ildr5 ) !m4 ,!y 7  try+ to  
ga9 a little wood :i* bord]$ ! road1 &1 

at !  same mom5t1 we saw sev]al ( our   
soldi]s come out ( ! mill  ) sacks1 :ile
 o!rs came up f a cell> ) little casks1 
:i* !y ha/5$ to place on a c>t /&+ ne>2 
/ill  o!rs 7 driv+ c[s & horses f a     
/able1 :ile an old  man /ood at ! door1 
) uplift$ h&s1 z if imprecat+  ,heav5's 
malison ^u !m4    ,!re1 cri$ !          
qu>t]ma/]1 :o comm&$ our p>ty1 an old   
soldi] nam$ ,poitev91 !re are fell[s    
pillag+4 ,we are n  f> f ! army4    ,b t
 is horrible6 ,i cri$4 ,!y are robb]s4  
,yes1 return$ ! qu>t]ma/] coolly2 x is  
contr>y to  discipl9e1 & if ! emp]or    
knew ( x1 !y w\ld be %ot  l dogs4    ,we
 cross$ ! little bridge1 & f\nd ! ?ieves
 cr[d$  ar\nd a cask :i* !y _h pi]c$1   
pass+ ar\nd ! cup4  ,?is sight r\s$ !   
qu>t]ma/]'s indignation1 & he cri$3     
#gda    ,on :at au?ority d y commit ?is 
pillage8    ,sev]al turn$ _! heads1 b   
see+ t we 7 b ?ree1  = ! re/ ( our p>ty 
_h gone on1 "o ( !m repli$3    ,ha6 :at 
d y want1 old jok]8 ,a little ( ! spoil1
 ,i  suppose4 ,b y ne$ n curl up y\r    

mu/a*es on t acc\nt4  ,"h1 dr9k a drop4 
,! speak] held out ! cup1 & ! qu>t]ma/] 
took x &  drank1 look+ at me z he did s4
    ,well1 "y man1 said he41 w y h "s1  
too8 ,x is  fam\s w9e1 ?is4    ,no1 ,i  
?ank y1 ,i repli$4    ,sev]al ( !       
pillag+ p>ty n[ cri$3    ,hurry1 !re x  
is "t to get back to camp4    ,no1 no1  
repli$ o!rs2 !re is m to be _h "h4      
,comrades1 said ! qu>t]ma/]1 9 a tone ( 
g5tle repro(  & w>n+1 y "k1 comrades1 y 
mu/ g g5tly ab\t x4    ,yes1 yes1 old   
fell[1 repli$ a drum-major1 ) half-clos$
  eyes1 & a mock+ smile2 d n be al>m$2  
we w pluck !  *ick5 accord+ to rule4 ,we
 w take c>e2 we w take c>e4    ,!       
qu>t]ma/] said no m1 b seem$ a%am$ on my
 acc\nt4  ,he rema9$ 9 a m$itative mood 
= "s "t aft] we />t$  to ov]take our    
companions1 &1 at l5g?1 said            
deprecat+ly3    ,:at w\ld y h1 "y man8  
,w> is w>4 ,"o _c see  himself />v+1 )  
food at h&4    ,he 0 afraid ,i w\ld     
report him2 he w\ld h rema9$ ) !        
pillag]s b = ! fe> ( be+ captur$4 ,i    

repli$1 to  relieve 8 m9d3    ,^? are   
probably good fell[s1 b ! sight ( a cup 
( w9e  makes !m =get ev]y?+4    ,at     
l5g?1 ab\t t5 o'clock1 we saw ! biv\ac  
fires1 on a  gloomy hill-side4 ,fur!r   
on1 9 ! pla91 a great numb] (  o!r fires
 7 burn+4 ,! night 0 cle>1 & z we       
approa*$ ! biv\ac1 ! s5try *all5g$3     
,:o goes !re8    ,france6 repli$ !      
qu>t]ma/]4    ,my he>t beat1 z ,i ?\ght 
t1 9 a few mom5ts1 ,i %\ld  aga9 meet my
 old comrades1 if !y 7 yet 9 ! _w4      
,two m5 ( ! gu>d came =w>d to           
reconnoitre u4 ,!  comm&ant ( ! po/1 a  
gray-hair$ s\s-lieut5ant1 8  arm 9 a sl+
 "u 8 cloak1 ask$ u :5ce we came1 :i!r  
we 7 go+1 & :e!r we _h met any p>ties ( 
,cossacks on  our r\te4 ,! qu>t]ma/]    
answ]$4 ,! lieut5ant in=m$ u  t         
,sonham's division _h t morn+ left !m1 &
 ord]$ u  to foll[ him1 t he might      
exam9e our m>*+-pap]s1 :i*  we did 9    
sil5ce1 pass+ among ! biv\ac fires1     
ar\nd :i*  m51 cov]$ ) dri$ mud1 7      
sleep+1 9 gr\ps ( tw5ty4  ,n "o mov$4   

,we arriv$ at ! (fic]s' qu>t]s4 ,x 0 an 
old brick-kiln1  ) an imm5se ro(1 re/+  
on po/s driv5 into ! gr\nd4 ,a  l>ge    
fire 0 burn+ 9 x1 & ! air 0 agreeably   
w>m4  ,ar\nd x soldi]s 7 sleep+1 ) happy
 faces1 & ne> !  po/s /acks ( arms %one 
9 ! light ( ! flames4 ,"o  bronz$ old   
vet]an wat*$ alone1 seat$ on ! gr\nd1 & 
m5d+ a %oe ) a ne$le & ?read4    ,!     
(fic] h&$ me back my pap] fir/1 say+3   
,y w rejo9 y\r battalion tomorr[1 two   
leagues h5ce1 ne>  ,torgau4    #gdb     
,!n ! old soldi]1 look+ at me1 plac$ 8  
h& ^u !  gr\nd1 to %[ t !re 0 room      
beside him1 & ,i seat$  myself4 ,i op5$ 
my knapsack1 & put on new /ock+s & %oes 
:i* ,i _h br\ght f ,leipsic1 aft] :i* ,i
 felt mu* bett]4    ,! old man ask$3    
,y are rejo9+ y\r corps8    ,yes2 ! six?
 at ,torgau4    ,& y came f--    ,!     
hospital at ,leipsic4    ,t is easily   
se51 said he2 y are fat z a beadle4 ,!y 
f$ y on *ick5s d[n !re1 :ile we 7 eat+  
c[-beef4    ,i look$ ar\nd at my sleep+ 
neighbors4 ,he 0 "r2 ! poor  conscripts 

7 m]e sk9 & bone4 ,!y 7 bronz$ z        
vet]ans1 & sc>cely seem$ able to /&4    
,! old man1 9 a mom5t1 cont9u$ 8 tra9 ( 
que/ions3    ,y 7 w\nd$8    ,yes2 at    
,lutz54    ,f\r mon?s 9 ! hospital6 said
 he :i/l+2 :at luck6 ,i  h j return$ f  
,spa91 flatt]+ myself t ,i 0 go+  to    
meet ! ,kais]liks ( #ahjg once m--%eep1 
regul>  %eep--b !y h become worse ?an   
gu]rillas4 ,?+s are  spoil+4    ,he said
 ! mo/ ( ?is to himself1 )\t accord+ me 
mu* (  8 att5tion1 all ! :ile sew+ 8    
%oe1 :i* f "t to  "t he tri$ on1 to be  
sure t ! sewn "p w\ld n hurt  8 foot4   
,at la/ he put ! ?read 9 8 knapsack & ! 
%oe  ^u 8 foot1 & /ret*$ himself ^u a   
truss ( /raw4    ,i 0 too fatigu$ to    
sleep at once1 & = an h\r lay awake4    
,9 ! morn+ ,i set out aga9 ) ! qu>t]ma/]
 ,poitev91  & ?ree o!r soldi]s (        
,sonham's division4 ,our r\te lay  along
 ! bank ( ! ,elbe2 ! wea!r 0 wet & ! w9d
  swept fi]cely ov] ! riv]1 ?r[+ ! spray
 f> on !  l&4    ,we ha/5$ on = an h\r1 
:5 sudd5ly ! qu>t]ma/]  cri$3           

,att5tion6    ,he _h halt$ sudd5ly1 &   
/ood li/5+4 ,we c\ld he>  no?+ b ! sigh+
 ( ! w9d ?r\gh ! trees1 & !  spla% ( !  
waves2 b 8 e> 0 f9] ?an ours4    ,!y are
 skirmi%+ yond]1 said he1 po9t+ to a    
wood on our  "r4 ,! enemy may be t[>d u1
 & ! be/ ?+ we c d  is to ent] ! wood & 
pursue our r\te cauti\sly4 ,we c see  at
 ! o!r end ( x :at is go+ on2 & if !    
,prussians or  ,russians are !re1 we c  
beat a retreat )\t _!  p]ceiv+ u4    ,we
 all ?\ght ! qu>t]ma/] 0 "r2 &1 9 my    
he>t1 ,i  admir$ ! %rewdness ( ! old    
drunk>d1 = su* he 04 ,we  kept on t[>d !
 wood1 ,poitev9 lead+1 & ! o!rs  foll[+1
 ) our pieces cock$4 ,we m>*$ sl[ly1    
/opp+  e hundr$ paces to li/54 ,! %ots  
grew ne>]2 !y 7  fir$ at int]vals1 & !  
qu>t]ma/] said3    ,!y are %>p-%oot]s   
reconnoit]+ a body ( cavalry1 =  ! fir+ 
is all on "o side4    ,x 0 true4 ,9 a   
few mom5ts we p]ceiv$1 ?r\gh ! trees1 a 
battalion ( ,fr5* infantry1 ab\t to make
 _! s\p1 & 9  ! di/ance1 on ! pla9      
beyond1 platoons ( ,cossacks defil+  f  

"o village to ano!r4 ,a few skirmi%]s   
along ! edge (  ! wood 7 fir+ on !m1 b  
!y 7 almo/ beyond  musket-range4    ,!re
 are y\r p1 "y man1 said ,poitev94 ,y   
are at  home4    #gdc    ,he _h good    
eyes to read ! numb] ( a regim5t at su* 
a  di/ance4 ,i c\ld only see ragg$      
soldi]s ) _! *eeks &  fam9e-gli/5+ eyes4
 ,_! great-coats 7 twice too l>ge  = !m1
 & fell 9 folds along _! bodies l       
cloaks4 ,i say  no?+ ( ! mud2 x 0       
ev]y:]e4 ,no wond] ! ,g]mans 7  gleeful1
 ev5 aft] our victories4    ,we w5t t[>d
 a c\ple ( little t5ts1 be=e :i* ?ree or
  f\r horses 7 nibbl+ ! scanty grass4 ,i
 saw ,colonel ,lora91  :o n[ comm&$ !   
?ird battalion--a tall1 ?9 man1 )  br[n 
mu/a*es & a fi]ce air4 ,he look$ at me  
fr[n+ly1 &  :5 ,i %[$ my pap]s1 only    
said3    ,g & rejo9 y\r company4    ,i  
/>t$ (f1 ?9k+ t ,i w\ld recognize "s ( !
  ,f\r?2 b1 s9ce ,lutz51 companies _h   
be5 s m+l$ )  companies1 regim5ts )     
regim5ts1 & divisions )  divisions1 t1  
on arriv+ at ! camp ( ! gr5adi]s1 ,i    

knew no "o4 ,! m5 see+ me approa*1 look$
 di/ru/fully at  me1 z if to say3       
,does he want "s ( our beef8 ,let u see 
:at he br+s  to ! pot6    ,i 0 almo/    
a%am$ to ask = my company1 :5 a bony    
vet]an1  ) a nose long & po9t$ l an     
eagle's beak1 & a worn-out  coat hang+ f
 8 %\ld]s1 lift+ 8 head1 & gaz+ at  me1 
said quietly3    ,hold6 ,x is ,joseph4  
,i ?\ght he 0 buri$ f\r mon?s ago4      
,!n ,i recogniz$ my poor ,zbd4 ,my      
appe>ance seem$ to affect  him1 =1 )\t  
ris+1 he squeez$ my h&1 cry+3 ,klipfel6 
"h is ,joseph6 ,ano!r soldi]1 seat$ ne> 
a pot1 turn$ 8  head1 say+3    ,x is y1 
,joseph1 is x8 ,!n y 7 n kill$4    ,?is 
0 all my welcome4 ,mis]y _h made !m s   
selfi% t  !y ?\ght only ( !mselves4 ,b  
,zbd 0 always  good-he>t$2 he made me   
sit ne> him1 ?r[+ a glance at !  o!rs t 
comm&$ respect1 & (f]$ me 8 spoon1 :i*  
he  _h fa/5$ to ! button-hole ( 8 coat4 
,i ?ank$ him1 &  produc$ f my knapsack a
 doz5 sausages1 a good loaf ( bread1  & 
a flask ( eau-de-vie1 :i* ,i _h !       

=esight to  pur*ase at ,risa4 ,i h&$ a  
c\ple ( ! sausages to ,zbd1  :o took !m 
) te>s 9 8 eyes4 ,i 0 also go+ to (f]   
"s to ! o!rs2 b he put 8 h& on my arm1  
say+3    ,:at is good to eat is good to 
keep4    ,we retir$ f ! circle & ate1   
dr9k+ at ! same "t2  ! re/ ( ! soldi]s  
said no?+1 b look$ wi/fully at  u4      
,klipfel1 smell+ ! sausages1 turn$ &    
said3    ,hollo6 ,joseph6 ,come & eat ) 
u4 ,comrades are always  comrades1 y "k4
    ,t is all v well1 said ,zbd2 b ,i   
f9d meat & dr9k  ! be/ comrades4    ,he 
%ut up my knapsack himself1 say+3       
,keep t1 ,joseph4 ,i h n be5 s well     
regal$ = m ?an  a mon?4 ,y %all n lose  
x4    ,a half-h\r aft]1 ! recall 0      
beat52 ! skirmi%]s came  91 & ,s]geant  
,p9to1 :o 0 among ! numb]1 recogniz$ me1
  & said3    ,well2 s y h escap$6 ,b y  
came back 9 an evil mom5t6  ,?+s g      
wrong--wrong6    #gdd    ,! colonel &   
comm&ants m\nt$1 & we began mov+4 ,!    
,cossacks )drew4 ,we m>*$ ) arms at w2  
,zbd 0 at my  side & relat$ all t pass$ 

s9ce ,lutz52 ! great  victories (       
,bautz5 & ,wurtz52 ! =c$ m>*es to       
ov]take  ! retreat+ enemy2 ! m>* on     
,b]l92 !n ! armi/ice1  ! arrival ( !    
vet]ans ( ,spa9--m5 accu/om$ to pillag+ 
& liv+ on ! peasantry4    ,un=tunately1 
at ! close ( ! armi/ice1 all 7 aga9/  u4
 ,! c\ntry p look$ on u ) horror2 !y cut
 !  bridges d[n1 & kept ! ,russians &   
,prussians in=m$ ( all  our movem5ts4 ,x
 ra9$ almo/ con/antly1 & ! day ( !      
battle ( ,dresd51 x fell s heavily t !  
emp]or's hat hung  d[n ^u 8 %\ld]s4 ,b  
:5 victori\s1 we only laugh$ at  ^! ?+s4
 ,zbd told me all ?is 9 detail2 h[ aft] 
!  victory at ,dresd51 ,g5]al ,v&amme1  
:o 0 to cut (f !  retreat ( ! ,au/rians1
 _h p5etrat$ to ,kulm 9 8 ardor2  & h[  
^? :om we _h beat5 ! day be=e fell ^u   
him on  all sides1 front1 flank1 & re>1 
& captur$ him & sev]al  o!r g5]als1     
utt]ly de/roy+ 8 corps d'arme4 ,two     
days be=e1 ow+ to a false movem5t (     
,m>%al ,macdonald1 !  enemy _h surpris$ 
our division1 & ! fif?1 six?1 &  elev5? 

corps on ! heights ( ,luw5b]g1 & 9 !    
mle ,zbd receiv$ two bl[s f ! butt ( a  
gr5adi]'s musket1 & 0 ?r[n into ! riv]  
,katzba*4  ,luckily he seiz$ ! ov]-hang+
 bran* ( a tree1 & manag$  to rega9 !   
bank4 ,he told me h[ all t night1       
despite !  blood t fl[$ f 8 nose & e>s1 
he _h m>*$ to !  village ( ,goldb]g1    
almo/ dead ) hung]1 fatigue1 & 8  w\nds1
 & h[ a jo9] _h tak5 pity ^u him & giv5 
him  bread1 onions1 & wat]4 ,he told me 
h[1 on ! day foll[+1  !y _h m>*$ across 
! fields1 ea* "o tak+ 8 own  c\rse1 )\t 
ord]s1 because ! m>%als1 g5]als1 & all  
m\nt$ (fic]s _h fl$ z f> z possible1 9 !
 fe> (  be+ captur$4 ,he assur$ me t    
fifty huss>s c\ld h  captur$ !m1 "o aft]
 ano!r2 b t by good =tune1  ,bl*] c\ld n
 cross ! riv]1 s t !y f9ally ralli$  at 
,wolda1 & fur!r on at ,buntzlau _!      
(fic]s met !m1  surpris$ at yet hav+    
troops to lead4 ,he told me h[ ,m>%al   
,oud9ot & ,m>%al ,ney _h be5 beat52 !   
fir/ at  ,gross-,be]51 & ! o!r at       
,d5newitz4    ,we 7 betwe5 ?ree armies1 

:o 7 unit+ to cru% u2 t  ( ! nor?1      
comm&$ by ,b]nadotte2 t ( ,silesia1     
comm&$  by ,bl*]2 & ! army ( ,bohemia1  
comm&$ by ,s*w>tz5b]g4  ,we m>*$ 9 turn 
aga9/ ea* ( !m2 !y fe>$ ! emp]or  &     
retreat$ be=e u2 b we c\ld n be at once 
9 ,silesia  & ,bohemia1 s m>* foll[$    
m>*1 & c\nt]m>*1  c\nt]m>*4 ,all ! m5   
ask$ 0 to fight2 !y want$ _!  mis]y to  
end4 ,a sort ( gu]rilla1 nam$ ,?ielmann1
 rais$ !  peasantry aga9/ u1 & !        
,bav>ians & ,wurtemburg]s  decl>$ aga9/ 
u4 ,we _h all ,europe on our h&s4    ,on
 ! f\rte5? ( ,octob]1 our battalion 0   
deta*$ to  reconnoitre ! village ( ,ak54
 ,! enemy 7 9 =ce !re  & receiv$ u ) a  
scatt]+ artill]y fire1 & we rema9$  all 
night )\t be+ able to light a fire1 on  
acc\nt ( !  p\r+ ra94 ,! next day we set
 out to rejo9 our division by  =c$      
m>*es4 ,e "o said1 ,i "k n :y3    ,!    
battle is approa*+6 ! fight is com+ on6 
#gde    ,s]geant ,p9to decl>$ t he felt 
! emp]or 9 ! air4 ,i  felt no?+1 b ,i   
knew t we 7 m>*+ on ,leipsic4 ,!  night 

foll[+1 ! wea!r cle>$ up a little1      
millions (  />s %one out1 & we /ill kept
 on4 ,! next day1 ab\t t5  o'clock1 ne> 
a little village ^: "n ,i _c recollect1 
we  7 ord]$ to halt1 & !n we he>d a     
trembl+ 9 ! air4  ,! colonel & ,s]geant 
,p9to said3    ,! battle has begun6 & at
 ! same mom5t1 ! colonel1  wav+ 8 sword1
 cri$3    ,=w>d6    ,we />t$ at a run1 &
 half an h\r aft] saw1 at a few  ?\s&   
paces ahead1 a long column1 9 :i* foll[$
 artill]y1  cavalry1 & infantry1 "o ^u !
 o!r2 beh9d u1 on ! road  to ,dub51 we  
saw ano!r1 all pu%+ =w>d at _! utmo/    
spe$4 ,regim5ts 7 ev5 ha/5+ across !    
fields4    ,at ! end ( ! road we c\ld   
see ! two spires ( !  *ur*es ( ,sa9t    
,ni*olas & ,sa9t ,?omas 9 ,leipsic1 ris+
  amid/ great cl\ds ( smoke ?r\gh :i*   
broad fla%es 7  d>t+4 ,! noise increas$2
 we 7 yet m ?an a league f  ! city1 b 7 
=c$ to almo/ %\t to he> ea* o!r1 &  m5  
gaz$ ar\nd1 pale z dea?1 seem+ by _!    
looks to say3    ,?is is inde$ a battle6
    ,s]geant ,p9to cri$ t x 0 worse ?an 

,eylau4 ,he laugh$ no  m1 nor did ,zbd2 
b on1 on we ru%$1 (fic]s incessantly    
urg+ u =w>d4 ,we seem$ to gr[ deliri\s2 
! love (  c\ntry 0 inde$ /riv+ )9 u1 b  
/ill great] 0 !  furi\s eag]ness = !    
fight4    ,at elev5 o'clock1 we descri$ 
! battle-field1 ab\t a league  9 front (
 ,leipsic4 ,we saw ! /eeples & ro(s ( ! 
city  cr[d$ ) p1 & ! old ramp>ts on :i* 
,i _h walk$  s (t51 ?9k+ ( ,ca?>9e4     
,opposite u1 twelve or fifte5  hundr$   
y>ds di/ant1 two regim5ts ( r$ lanc]s 7 
drawn  up1 & a little to ! left1 two or 
?ree regim5ts (  *asseurs--*eval1 &     
betwe5 !m fil$ ! long column  f ,dub54  
,fur!r on1 along a slope1 7 ! divisions 
,ric>d1  ,dombr[ski1 ,sonham1 & sev]al  
o!rs1 ) _! re> to !  city2 & f> beh9d1  
on a hill1 ar\nd "o ( ^? old  f>m-h\ses 
) flat ro(s & imm5se outly+ %$s1 s (t5  
se5 9 t c\ntry1 glitt]$ ! brilliant     
uni=ms ( !  /aff4    ,x 0 ! army (      
res]ve1 comm&$ by ,ney4 ,8 left w+      
communicat$ ) ,m>mont1 :o 0 po/$ on !   
road to ,halle1  & 8 "r ) ! gr& army1   

comm&$ by ! emp]or 9  p]son4 ,9 ?is     
mann] our troops =m$ an imm5se circle   
ar\nd  ,leipsic2 & ! enemy1 arriv+ f all
 po9ts1 s\ght to jo9  _! divisions s z  
to =m a yet l>g] circle ar\nd u1 &  to  
inclose u 9 ,leipsic z 9 a trap4        
,:ile we wait$ ?us1 ?ree fe>ful battles 
7 go+ on at  once2 "o aga9/ ! ,au/rians 
& ,russians at ,wa*au2 ano!r  aga9/ !   
,prussians at ,mock]n on ! road to      
,halle2 & !  ?ird on ! road to ,lutz51  
to def5d ! bridge ( ,l9d5au1  attack$ by
 ,g5]al ,giulay4                        
,,xviii4    ,! battalion 0 comm5c+ to   
desc5d ! hill1 opposite  ,leipsic1 :5 we
 saw a /aff-(fic] cross+ ! pla9 b5ea?1  
& com+ at full gallop t[>d u4 ,9 two    
m9utes he 0 )  u2 ,colonel ,lora9 _h    
spurr$ =w>d to meet him2 !y  ex*ang$ a  
few words1 & ! (fic] return$4 ,hundr$s (
  o!rs 7 ru%+ ov] ! pla9 9 ! same mann]1
 be>+  ord]s4    #gdf    ,head ( column 
to ! "r6 %\t$ ! colonel4    ,we took !  
direction ( a wood1 :i* skirts ! ,dub5  
road "s  half a league4 ,once at its    

bord]s1 we 7 ord]$ to re-prime  our     
guns1 & ! battalion 0 deploy$ ?r\gh !   
wood z  skirmi%]s4 ,we advanc$1         
tw5ty-five paces ap>t1 & ea* ( u  kept 8
 eyes well op5$1 z may be imag9$4 ,e    
m9ute  ,s]geant ,p9to w\ld cry out3     
,get "u cov]6    ,b he did n ne$ to w>n 
u2 ea* "o ha/5$ to take 8  po/ beh9d a  
/\t tree1 to reconnoitre well be=e      
proce$+  to ano!r4 ,we kept on 9 ?is    
mann] "s t5 m9utes1 &1 z  we saw no?+1  
began to gr[ confid5t1 :5 sudd5ly1 "o1  
two1  ?ree %ots rang out4 ,!n !y came f 
all sides1 & rattl$  f end to end ( our 
l9e4 ,at ! same in/ant ,i saw my comrade
  on ! left fall1 try+1 z he sank to !  
e>?1 to support  himself by ! trunk ( ! 
tree beh9d :i* he 0 /&+4  ,?is r\s$ me4 
,i look$ to ! "r & saw1 fifty or sixty  
paces (f1 an old ,prussian soldi]1 ) 8  
long r$ mu/a*es  cov]+ ! lock ( 8 piece2
 he 0 aim+ delib]ately at me4  ,i fell  
at once to ! gr\nd1 & at ! same mom5t   
he>d !  report4 ,x 0 a close escape1 = !
 comb1 bru%1 &  h&k]*ief 9 my %ako 7    

brok5 & torn by ! bullet4 ,a  cold %iv] 
ran ?r\gh me4    ,well done6 a miss is z
 good z a mile6 cri$ ! old s]geant1     
/>t+ =w>d at a run1 & ,i1 :o _h no wi%  
to rema9  long] 9 su* a place1 foll[$ ) 
"r good-w4    ,lieut5ant ,bretonville1  
wav+ 8 sabre1 cri$1 ,=w>d6  :ile1 to !  
"r1 ! fir+ /ill cont9u$4 ,we soon arriv$
  at a cle>+1 :]e lay five or six trunks
 ( fell$ trees1 b  n "o /&+1 t might    
s]ve u = a cov]4 ,nev]!less1  five or   
six ( our m5 advanc$ boldly1 :5 !       
s]geant call$  out3    ,halt6 ,!        
,prussians are 9 ambu% ar\nd4 ,look %>p6
    ,sc>cely _h he spok51 :5 a doz5     
bullets :i/l$ ?r\gh !  bran*es1 &1 at ! 
same "t1 a numb] ( ,prussians rose1 &   
plung$ deep] into ! =e/ opposite4       
,!re !y g6 ,=w>d6 cri$ ,p9to4    ,b !   
bullet 9 my %ako _h r5d]$ me cauti\s2 x 
seem$ z  if ,i c\ld almo/ see ?r\gh !   
trees1 &1 z ! s]geant  />t$ =? into !   
cle>+1 ,i held 8 arm1 po9t+ out to  him 
! muzzle ( a musket peep+ out f a bu%1 n
 a hundr$  paces be=e u4 ,! o!rs1 clu/]+

 ar\nd1 saw x too1 &  ,p9to :isp]$1     
,/ay1 ,b]?a2 rema9 "h1 & d n lose sight 
( him1 :ile  we turn ! position4    ,!y 
set (f to ! "r & left1 & ,i1 beh9d my   
tree1 my  piece at my %\ld]1 wait$ l a  
hunt] = 8 game4 ,at !  end ( two or ?ree
 m9utes1 ! ,prussian1 he>+ no?+1 rose   
sl[ly4 ,he 0 q a boy1 ) little blonde   
mu/a*es1 & a  tall1 slight1 b well-knit 
figure4 ,i c\ld h kill$ him z he  /ood1 
b ! ?\ght ( ?us slay+ a def5celess man  
froze my  blood4 ,sudd5ly he saw me1 &  
b\nd$ aside4 ,!n ,i fir$1 &  brea!d m   
freely z ,i saw him runn+1 l a /ag1 t[>d
  ! wood4    ,at ! same mom5t1 five or  
six reports rang out to ! "r &  left2 ! 
s]geant1 ,zbd1 ,klipfel1 & ! re/ appe>$1
 & a  hundr$ paces fur!r on1 we f\nd !  
"y ,prussian ^u !  gr\nd1 blood gu%+ f 8
 m\?4 ,he gaz$ at u ) a  sc>$           
expression1 rais+ 8 arms1 z if to p>ry  
bayonet-?ru/s1 b ! s]geant call$        
gleefully to him3    #gdg    ,fe> no?+6 
,y\r acc\nt is settl$4    ,no "o (f]$ to
 injure him fur!r b ,klipfel took a     

beautiful  pipe1 :i* 0 hang+ out ( 8    
pocket1 say+3    ,= a long "t ,i h want$
 a pipe1 & "h is a f9e "o4    ,fusili]  
,klipfel6 cri$ ,p9to indignantly1 w y be
 good  en\gh to put back t pipe8 ,leave 
x to ! ,cossacks to rob !  w\nd$6 ,a    
,fr5* soldi] kn[s only honor6           
,klipfel ?rew d[n ! pipe1 & we dep>t$1 n
 "o c>+ to  look back at ! w\nd$        
,prussian4 ,we arriv$ at ! edge ( !     
=e/1 outside :i*1 among tuft$ bu%es1 !  
,prussians we  pursu$ _h tak5 refuge4   
,we saw !m rise to fire ^u u1 b  !y     
imm$iately lay d[n aga94 ,we might h    
rema9$ !re  tranquilly1 s9ce we _h ord]s
 to occupy ! wood1 & ! %ots  ( !        
,prussians c\ld n hurt u1 protect$ z we 
7 by !  trees4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! slope 
we he>d a t]rific battle  go+ on2 !     
?und] ( cannon 0 increas+1 x fill$ ! air
  ) "o cont9u\s ro>4 ,b our (fic]s held 
a c\ncil1 &  decid$ t ! bu%es 7 "p ( !  
=e/1 & t !  ,prussians mu/ be driv5 f   
!m4 ,?is det]m9ation co/ _m  a life4    
,we receiv$ ord]s1 !n1 to drive 9 !     

enemy's tirailleurs1  & z !y fir$ z we  
came on1 we />t$ at a run1 s z to be  ^u
 !m be=e !y c\ld reload4 ,our (fic]s    
ran1 also1 full  ( ardor4 ,we ?\ght !   
bu%es end$ at ! top ( ! hill1 &  t !n we
 c\ld sweep (f ! ,prussians by doz5s4 ,b
  sc>cely _h we arriv$1 out ( brea?1 ^u 
! ridge1 :5 old  ,p9to cri$3    ,huss>s6
    ,i look$ up1 & saw ! ,colbacks ru%+ 
d[n ^u u  l a tempe/4 ,sc>cely _h ,i se5
 !m1 :5 ,i began to spr+  d[n ! hill1   
go+1 ,i v]ily believe1 9 spite ( we>9ess
 &  my knapsack1 fifte5 feet at a b\nd4 
,i saw be=e me1 ,p9to1  ,zbd1 & ! o!rs1 
mak+ _! be/ spe$4 ,beh9d1 on came  !    
huss>s1 _! (fic]s %\t+ ord]s 9 ,g]man1  
_!  scabb>ds clank+ & horses neigh+4 ,! 
e>? %ook b5ea?  !m4    ,i took ! %orte/ 
road to ! wood1 & _h almo/ rea*$ x1  :5 
,i came ^u "o ( ! tr5*es :]e ! peasants 
7 9  ! habit ( digg+ clay = _! h\ses4 ,x
 0 m ?an  tw5ty feet wide1 & =ty or     
fifty long1 & ! ra9 _h made  ! sides v  
slipp]y2 b z ,i he>d ! v brea?+ ( !     
horses beh9d me1 )\t ?9k+ ( aught else1 

,i sprang  =w>d1 & fell ^u my face2     
ano!r fusili] ( my company  0 already   
!re4 ,we arose z soon z we c\ld1 & at ! 
same  in/ant two huss>s glid$ d[n !     
slipp]y side ( ! tr5*4  ,! fir/1 curs+ l
 a fi5d1 aim$ a sabre-/roke at my poor  
comrade's head1 b z he rose 9 8 /irrups 
to give =ce to  ! bl[1 ,i buri$ my      
bayonet 9 8 side1 :ile ! o!r  br\ght d[n
 8 blade ^u my %\ld] ) su* =ce1 t1  7 x 
n = my epaulette1 ,i believe t ,i _h be5
 well-nigh  clov5 9 two4 ,!n he lung$1 b
 z 8 po9t t\*$ my  brea/1 a bullet f    
above cra%$ ?r\gh 8 skull4 ,i look$     
ar\nd1 & saw "o ( our m51 up to 8 knees 
9 ! clay4 ,he  _h he>d ! oa?s ( ! huss>s
 & ! neigh+ ( !  horses1 & _h come to ! 
edge ( ! tr5* to see :at 0  go+ on4     
,well1 comrade1 said he1 laugh+1 x 0    
ab\t "t4    #gdh    ,i _h n /r5g? to    
reply1 b /ood trembl+ l an asp5  leaf4  
,he unfix$ 8 bayonet1 & /ret*$ ! muzzle 
( 8  piece to me to help me out4 ,!n ,i 
squeez$ 8 h&1 say+3    ,y sav$ my life6 
,:at is y\r "n8    ,he told me t 8 "n 0 

,jean ,pi]re ,v9c5t4 ,i h (t5  s9ce     
?\ght t ,i %\ld be only too happy to    
r5d] t man  any s]vice 9 my p[]2 b two  
days aft]1 ! second battle (  ,leipsic  
took place2 !n ! retreat f ,hanau began1
 & ,i  nev] saw him aga94    ,s]geant   
,p9to & ,zbd came up a mom5t aft]4 ,zbd 
said3    ,we h escap$ once m1 ,joseph1 &
 n[ we are ! only  ,phalsb\rg m5 9 !    
battalion4 ,klipfel 0 sabr$ by !        
huss>s4    ,did y see8 ,i cri$4    ,yes2
 he receiv$ ov] tw5ty w\nds1 & kept     
call+ to me =  aid4 ,!n1 aft] a mom5t's 
pause1 he add$1 ,o ,joseph6 x is        
t]rible to he> ! companion ( y\r        
*ildhood call+ =  help1 & n be able to  
give x6 ,b !y 7 too _m4 ,!y  surr\nd$   
him on ail sides4    ,! ?\ghts ( home   
ru%$ ^u bo? our m9ds4 ,i ?\ght ,i  c\ld 
see gr&mo!r ,klipfel :5 %e w\ld le>n !  
news1 &  ?is made me ?9k too ( ,ca?>9e4 
,f ! "t ( ! *>ge ( ! huss>s until night1
 !  battalion rema9$ 9 ! same position1 
skirmi%+ ) !  ,prussians4 ,we kept !m f 
occupy+ ! wood2 b !y  prev5t$ u f asc5d+

 to ! ridge4 ,! next day we knew  :y4 ,!
 hill comm&$ ! entire c\rse ( ! ,p>?a1 &
 !  fi]ce cannonade we he>d came f      
,dombr[ski's division1 :i*  0 attack+ ! 
,prussian left w+1 9 ord] to aid ,g5]al 
,m>mont at ,mock]n1 :]e tw5ty ?\s&      
,fr5*1 po/$ 9 a  rav9e1 7 hold+ eighty  
?\s& ( ,bl*]'s troops 9  *eck2 :ile t[>d
 ,wa*au a hundr$ & fifte5 ?\s& ,fr5*  7 
engag$ ) two hundr$ ?\s& ,au/rians &    
,russians4  ,m ?an fifte5 hundr$ cannon 
7 ?und]+ at once4 ,our  poor little     
fusilade 0 l ! humm+ ( a bee 9 a /orm1  
& we sometimes ceas$ fir+1 on bo? sides1
 to li/54 ,x  seem$ z if "s sup]natural1
 inf]nal battle 7 go+ on2  ! air 0 fill$
 ) smoke2 ! e>? trembl$ b5ea? our  feet2
 old soldi]s l ,p9to decl>$ !y _h nev]  
se5  any?+ l x4    ,ab\t six o'clock1 a 
/aff-(fic] br\ght ord]s to ,colonel     
,lora91 & imm$iately aft] a retreat 0   
s\nd$4 ,!  battalion _h lo/ sixty m54   
,x 0 night :5 we left ! =e/1 & on !     
banks ( !  ,p>?a among caissons1 wagons1
 retreat+ divisions1 ambulances  fill$ )

 w\nd$1 all defil+ ov] ! two bridges--we
 _h to  wait m ?an two h\rs = our turn  
to cross4 ,! heav5s 7  black2 ! artill]y
 /ill gr[l$ af> (f1 b ! ?ree  battles 7 
end$4 ,we he>d t we _h beat5 ! ,au/rians
 &  ! ,russians at ,wa*au1 on ! o!r side
 ( ,leipsic2 b our m5  return+ f ,mock]n
 7 d[nca/ & gloomy2 n a voice  cri$     
,vive l',emp]eur6 z aft] a victory4     
,once on ! o!r side ( ! riv]1 we m>*$ on
 amid ! d9  ( ! retreat f ,mock]n1 & at 
l5g? rea*$ a  burial-gr\nd1 :]e we 7    
ord]$ to /ack arms & break  ranks4      
#gdi    ,by ?is "t ! sky _h cle>$1 & ,i 
recogniz$ ,s*o5feld 9  ! moonlight4 ,h[ 
(t5 _h ,i eat5 bread & drank :ite w9e  )
 ,zunni] !re at ! ,gold5 ,%eaf :5 ! sun 
%one  brightly & ! leaves 7 gre5 ar\nd8 
,b ^? times _h  pass$6 ,i sat aga9/ !   
cemet]y wall1 & at l5g? fell  asleep4   
,ab\t ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ,i 0      
awak5$4    ,x 0 ,zbd4 ,joseph1 said he1 
come to ! fire4 ,if y  rema9 "h1 y run !
 risk ( cat*+ ! fev]4    ,i arose1 sick 
) fatigue & suff]+4 ,a f9e ra9 fill$ !  

air4 ,my comrade drew me t[>d ! fire :i*
 smok$ 9 !  drizzl+ atmosph]e2 x seem$  
to give out no heat2 b ,zbd  hav+ made  
me dr9k a draught ( br&y1 ,i felt at    
lea/ less  cold1 & gaz$ at ! biv\ac     
fires on ! o!r side ( !  ,p>?a4    ,!   
,prussians are w>m+ !mselves 9 our wood1
 said ,zbd4    ,yes1 ,i repli$2 & poor  
,klipfel is !re too1 b he no  long]     
feels ! cold4    ,my tee? *att]$4 ,^!   
words sadd5$ u bo?4 ,a few mom5ts  aft]1
 ,zbd resum$3    ,d y rememb]1 ,joseph1 
! black ribbon he wore ! day ( !        
conscription1 & h[ he cri$ t we 7 all   
condemn$ to  dea?1 l ^? :o _h gone to   
,russia8    ,i ?\ght h[ ,p9acle _h held 
out ! black ribbon = me2 &  !           
remembrance1 toge!r ) ! cold1 :i* seem$ 
to freeze  ! v m>r[ 9 our bones1 made me
 %udd]4 ,i ?\ght ,p9acle  0 "r2 t ,i _h 
se5 ! la/ ( home1 & ,i curs$ ^?  :o _h  
=c$ me f x4    ,at day-break1 wagons    
arriv$ ) food & br&y = u4 ,!  ra9 _h    
ceas$2 we made s\p1 b no?+ c\ld w>m me2 
,i _h  caught ! fev]4 ,i 0 n ! only "o 9

 ! battalion 9 t  condition2 ?ree f\r?s 
( ! m5 7 suff]+ f x2 &1  = a mon? be=e1 
^? :o c\ld no long] m>* _h la9 d[n  by !
 roadside weep+ & call+ ^u _! mo!rs l   
little *ildr54 ,hung]1 =c$ m>*es1 ! ra91
 & grief _h  done _! "w1 & happy 0 x = !
 p>5ts t !y c\ld  n see ! mis]able end (
 _! *]i%$ sons4    ,z ! light increas$1 
we saw to ! left1 on ! o!r side (  !    
riv]1 burnt villages1 heaps ( dead1     
ab&on$ wagons1 &  brok5 cannon1 /ret*+ z
 f> z ! eye c\ld rea*4 ,x 0  worse ?an  
at ,lutz54 ,we saw ! ,prussians deploy1 
& advance  _! ?\s&s ov] ! battle-field4 
,!y 7 to jo9 ) !  ,russians & ,au/rians 
& close ! great circle ar\nd u1 &  we   
c\ld n prev5t !m1 especially z          
,b]nadotte & !  ,russian ,g5]al ,b5n+s5 
_h come up ) tw5ty ?\s& fre%  troops4   
,?us1 aft] fight+ ?ree battles 9 "o day1
 7 we1  only "o hundr$ ?\s& /rong1      
seem+ly ab\t to be entrapp$  9 ! mid/ ( 
?ree hundr$ ?\s& bayonets1 n to speak ( 
fifty ?\s& horse & twelve hundr$ cannon4
    ,f ,s*o5feld1 ! battalion />t$ to   

rejo9 ! division at  ,kohlg>t54 ,all !  
roads 7 l9$ ) sl[-mov+ ambulances1      
fill$ ) w\nd$2 all ! wagons ( ! c\ntry  
ar\nd _h  be5 impress$ = ?is s]vice2 &1 
9 ! int]vals betwe5  !m1 m>*$ hundr$s ( 
poor fell[s ) _! arms 9 sl+s1  or _!    
heads b&ag$--pale1 cre/fall51 half dead4
    ,we made our way1 ) a ?\s&          
difficulties1 ?r\gh ?is mass1  :51 ne>  
,kohlg>t51 tw5ty huss>s1 gallop+ at full
 spe$1  & ) levell$ pi/ols1 drove back !
 cr[d1 "r & left1  into ! fields1 %\t+ z
 !y press$ on3    #gej    ,! emp]or6 !  
emp]or6    ,! battalion drew up1 &      
pres5t$ arms2 & a few mom5ts  aft]1 !   
gr5adi]s--*eval ( ! gu>d--v]itable      
giants1 ) _! great boots1 _! imm5se     
be>-sk9 hats1  desc5d+ to _! %\ld]s &   
only all[+ _! mu/a*es1  nose1 & eyes to 
rema9 visible--pass$ at a gallop4 ,our  
m5  look$ joyfully at !m1 glad t su*    
robu/ w>riors 7 on  our side4           
,sc>cely _h !y pass$1 :5 ! /aff tore    
aft]4 ,imag9e a  hundr$ & fifty to two  
hundr$ m>%als1 g5]als1 & o!r  sup]ior   

(fic]s1 m\nt$ on magnific5t /e$s1 & s   
cov]$  ) embroid]y t ! color ( _! uni=ms
 0 sc>cely  visible2 "s tall1 ?91 &     
haughty2 o!rs %ort1 ?ick-set1  &        
r$-fac$2 o!rs aga9 "y & h&some1 sitt+ l 
/atues 9 _! saddles2 all ) eag] look &  
fla%+ eyes4  ,x 0 a magnific5t & t]rible
 sight4 ,b ! mo/ /rik+  figure among ^? 
capta9s1 :o = tw5ty ye>s _h made ,europe
  tremble1 0 ,napoleon himself1 ) 8 old 
hat & gray  ov]-coat2 8 l>ge1 det]m9$ *9
 & neck buri$ betwe5 8  %\ld]s4 ,all    
%\t$1 ,vive l',emp]eur6 b he he>d  no?+ 
( x4 ,he paid no m att5tion to u ?an to 
!  drizzl+ ra9 :i* fill$ ! air1 b gaz$ )
 contract$  br[s at ! ,prussian army    
/ret*+ along ! ,p>?a to jo9  !          
,au/rians4    ,did y see him1 ,joseph8  
ask$ ,zbd4    ,i did1 ,i repli$2 ,i saw 
him well1 & ,i w rememb] !  sight all my
 life4    ,x is /range1 said my comrade2
 he does n seem to be  pleas$4 ,at      
,wurz51 ! day aft] ! battle1 he seem$   
rejoic$  to he> our ,vive l',emp]eur6' &
 ! g5]als all wore  m]ry faces too4     

,to-day !y seem savage1 & nev]!less !   
capta9 said t we bore (f ! victory on ! 
o!r side (  ,leipsic4    ,o!rs ?\ght !  
same ?+ )\t speak+ ( x1 b !re  0 a gr[+ 
uneas9ess among all4    ,we f\nd !      
regim5t biv\ack$ ne> ,kohlg>t54 ,9 e    
direction camp-fires 7 roll+ _! smoke to
 ! sky4 ,a  drizzl+ ra9 cont9u$ to fall1
 & ! m51 seat$ on _!  knapsacks ar\nd ! 
fires1 seem$ depress$ & gloomy4 ,!      
(fic]s =m$ gr\ps ( _! own4 ,on all sides
 x 0  :isp]$ t su* a w> _h nev] be=e be5
 se52 x 0 "o  ( ext]m9ation2 t x did n  
help u to defeat ! enemy1  = !y only    
desir$ to kill u (f1 kn[+ t !y _h f\r   
or five times our numb] ( m51 & w\ld    
f9ally rema9  ma/]s4    ,t[>d ev5+ ( !  
next day1 we discov]$ ! army ( !  nor?  
on ! plateau ( ,breit5feld4 ,?is 0 sixty
 ?\s& m  m5 = ! enemy4 ,i c yet he> !   
mal$ictions levell$ at  ,b]nadotte--!   
cries ( indignation ( ^? :o knew him z a
  simple (fic] 9 ! army ( ! republic1 :o
 cri$ out t he  ow$ u all--t we made him
 a k+ ) our blood1 & t he  n[ came to   

give u ! f9i%+ bl[4    ,t night1 z we   
drew our l9es /ill clos] ar\nd ,leipsic1
 ,i  gaz$ at ! circle ( fires :i*       
surr\nd$ u1 & x seem$  z if ! :ole _w 0 
b5t on our ext]m9ation4 ,b ,i  rememb]$ 
t we _h ! honor ( be>+ ! "n (  ,fr5*m51 
& mu/ conqu] or die4           ,to ,be  
,conclud$ ,9 ,our ,next4    ------      
#gea             ,! ,old ,roman ,_w4    
,footnote #fg      ,footnote #fg3 ,!    
,old ,roman ,_w3    ! ,gr&eur & ,failure
 ( its ,civilization4    ,by ,john ,"l1 
,,ll4,d4    ,new ,york3 ,*>les ,scribn] 
,co4 #ahfg4      ,did ,doctor ,"l dream 
t ! _w w\ld pron\nce him immortal  =    
hav+ =m$ an ill-assort$ museum ( effete 
ideas ga!r$  f all ! k+doms ( ?\ght8    
,:ile he 0 writ+ ! %eets  ( ,! ,old     
,roman ,_w1 0 he ?9k+ ( a political  _w1
 or an ecclesia/ical _w1 or a lit]>y _w1
 or a  milit>y _w1 or conjur+ up a      
vision>y _w8 ,did he base  8 claims to  
an imp]i%able "n on 8 faculty to extract
  philosophical tru? f hi/orical facts1 
or on 8 p[]s (  describ+ facts &        

communicat+ tru?s s z to be useful to  8
 fell[-man1 or on 8 irrepressible flu5cy
 9 say+ aga9  & aga91 :at _h be5 bett]  
said aga9 & aga9 by o!rs  be=e8 ,did he 
int5d to write a book2 or are ! sixte5  
*apt]s ( 8 volume sixte5 indep5d5t &    
unrelat$  pamphlets1 or sixte5 /ump     
spee*es1 or sixte5 lectures1 or  sixte5 
spirituali/ic effusions 9 a me&]+ mood (
 m9d8    ,did he write to in/ruct !     
/ud5t1 or amuse ! indol5t1 or  delight !
 _w1 or add to ! lore ( ! le>n$8 ,did he
 ev]  read1 9 ! orig9al languages1 !    
hi/orians1 !  philosoph]s1 ! critics1 ! 
poets1 ! sci5tific writ]s on  ^: m9ds & 
m]its he wrote2 or has he se5 !m only z 
9 a  mirror1 by means ( encyclop$ian    
diss]tations1 h&-books1 &  su* second-h&
 depositories8 ,did he ?9k t ! _w w\ld  
reg>d 8 compilations z a fai?ful        
reflector ( anci5t m9ds  & anci5t life8 
,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 ,dr4 ,"l's ,old ,roman
 ,_w food =  ?\ght4 ,no "o d5ies !      
importance ( ! high & mom5t\s  que/ions 
connect$ ) ! ,roman "n4 ,x is an        

unque/ionable  fact t1 9 ! hi/ory ( !   
human race1 ! ,romans occupy  ! mo/     
prom95t position4 ,to ! eyes ( !        
hi/orian1 !  ,roman _w is1 among/ !     
nations ( bygone c5turies1 :at1 to  !   
eyes ( ! a/ronom]1 ! sun is among/ !    
heav5ly  bodies4 ,! g5]ative causes ( t 
out%9+ social edifice  h occupi$ ! mo/  
spl5did intellects 9 pa/ ages1 & h  be5 
analyz$ anew 9 our day1 accord+ to 8    
g5]alization1  by ,dr4 ,"l4 ,to 8 m9d x 
seems t ! nations ( ! e>?  7 weld$ into 
"o body by ! sup]ior milit>y me*anism ( 
! ,romans1 & t ! impair$ effici5cy ( ?is
 milit>y  ma*9]y1 toge!r ) a c]ta9      
my/]i\s fatality1 produc$  !            
dis9tegration ( ! ,roman empire1 by     
de/roy+ !  cohesive qualities ( ,roman  
rule4 ,su* is ! p]vad+ idea (  8 *apt]s4
 ,we "k t va/ empires h be5 born ( !    
sword2 b we h yet to le>n t an empire   
embrac+ !  nations1 religions1 &        
languages ( ! e>?1 c\ld h be5  f\nd$ on1
 & cons]v$ = c5turies by1 milit>y       
me*anism4  ,! ,romans1 l ,attila1 or    

,g5ghis ,khan1 or ,alex&]1 or           
,seso/ris1 might h gone =?1 &1 ei!r by  
brav]y1 or  sup]ior tactics1 or va/     
levi$ armies1 h ov]run ! nations  ( !   
e>?2 b milit>y me*anism c\ld nev] h     
rais$ &  su/a9$ ?r\gh a long lapse (    
ages a mighty empire built on  vanqui%$ 
peoples4  #geb  ,& yet ,rome n only     
conqu]$ & incorporat$ indep5d5t  races1 
b glu$ !m to ! c5tre ,rome2 s mu* s1 t  
!y  lo/ animosity1 language1            
in/itutions1 & nationality to become    
,romans4 ,rome n only romaniz$ ,italy1 b
 italianiz$ ! !n  kn[n _w4 ,9 ! days (  
,hadrian & ,trajan1 ! waves ( !         
,m$it]ranean knew no "l b ! ,roman2 f ! 
m>g9 (  ^? seas 7 waft$ ! weal? & !     
produce ( ! _w  t[>d ,rome2 & f> beyond 
t m>g91 ?r\gh hundr$s (  miles1 ! g5ius 
& p[] ( ,rome 7 trans=m+ !  nations1    
build+ roads & palaces1 f\nd+ cities1   
subdivid+  prov9ces1 spread+ ! ,lat9    
language1 & /amp+ ! m9d (  ,latium on ! 
human race4 ,f ! ,padus to ,japugium !  
names (  ! ,italian tribes 7 m]g$ into !

 "n ( ,rome4 ,! m5 (  ,mesraim b[$ be=e 
! ,roman eagle1 & saw ! traditions (    
two ?\s& ye>s vani% away be=e !         
in/itutions ( ,rome4  ,! ,asiatic cities
 r5\nc$ _! pride ( bir?1 & ,greece      
yield$ up a ri* h]itage ( lit]>y &      
milit>y glory4 ,!  fi]y valor ( ! ,gauls
 & ! m>tial memories ( we/]n  nations 7 
surm\nt$ by ! unconqu]able en]gy ( !    
,roman  m9d4 ,to ,rome ! kn[n nations ( 
! _w became z h&maids1  & paid homage   
?r\gh a doz5 g5]ations4 ,:atev] _h be5  
great 9 ! _w1 :atev] p[]ful1 :atev]     
beautiful1  :atev] r5[n$1 :atev]        
ennobl+1 0 swall[$ up 9 !  mighty "n (  
,rome4 ,& :51 amid ! upheav+ ( humanity 
&  ! undulations ( races1 ,rome sank z a
 %ip 9 a tr\bl$  ocean1 h] _s liv$ to   
elevate ! ,italian1 ! ,frank1 !         
,spani>d1 ! ,norman1 to be ! pr9ces ( ! 
families (  mank9d4 ,c\ld milit>y       
me*anism h accompli%$ su* results8      
,c\ld milit>y me*anism1 :5 x 0 no m1    
possess a  r5ovat+ influ5ce8 ,does n    
,sallu/ ass]t ! sup]iority (  ! ,gauls  

to ! ,romans 9 w>8 ,besides1 x is a     
que/ionable  po9t :e!r ! milit>y sy/ems 
( ! ,greeks are n  pref]able to ! w>    
tactics ( ! ,romans4 ,! ,!ssalian       
cavalry1 & ! ,mac$onian phalanx ) its   
adaptability to  evolutions1 c /& a     
/rict critical comp>ison ) ! ,roman     
equites & ,roman legion4 ,! v>iety (    
movem5ts 9 !  phalanx1 despite its      
inflexible & insep>able "*1 may  well   
comp5sate = ! individual & display$     
en]gy ( !  ,roman comb9ation4 ,t        
,polybius judges ! me*anism ( !  ,roman 
sup]ior to t ( ! ,greek1 may be         
ascribable to !  fact t he pref]r$      
attribut+ ! subjugation ( 8  c\ntrym51 n
 to a sup]iority ( valor1 b ( milit>y   
manoeuvres4 ,does any "o suppose t !    
army ( ,pompey1 twice  z num]\s z t (   
,caes>1 0 wor/$ ?r\gh ! defect (        
!oretic milit>y me*anism1 r ?an ?r\gh ! 
defici5cy  ( ! qualities :i* make a     
soldi]8 ,if any "o w take !  tr\ble (   
writ+1 9 p>allel columns1 !             
organization1 !  sub-organizations1 ! w>

 habilim5ts1 ! aggressive &  def5sive   
weapons1 ! laws ( army managem5t 9      
sieges1 9  m>*1 9 battle1 & 9 ! t5t1 z  
!y exi/$ 9 ,italy &  ,greece1 we w\ld   
leave to 8 c&id judgm5t ! decision on ! 
speculative excell5ce ( ,grecian &      
,roman w> sy/ems1  consid]$ z a :ole4 ,&
 on ! sea1 ! ,romans 7 tyros :5  !      
,greeks _h atta9$ consid]able p]fection4
 ,! ,romans  defeat$ ! ,c>?ag9ians1 n on
 a sy/em indig5\sly re>$  on ! wat]s (  
,latium1 b ) a fleet =m$ aft] !  fa%ion 
( an inimical craft wreck$ on ! ,italian
 %ore4  #gec  ,9 ! progressive days (   
,rome1 ! nom5clature ( ! p>ts  & naval  
acts ( a ,roman vessel 0 sugge/$ by1 or 
adopt$  f1 ! preexi/+ t]m9ology (       
,greece4 ,:at !nce8 ,d we  depreciate ! 
milit>y me*anism ( ,rome8 ,by no means4 
,b we  unhesitat+ly object to plac+ x z 
! prim>y cause ( !  elevation ( ,rome to
 ! p9nacle ( p[]4 ,:]e ,doctor ,"l      
plac$ ,roman milit>y me*anism1 he %\ld h
 m5tion$ ,roman  "* & ,roman            
in/itutions4 ,9 no place did "* &       

in/itutions m p[]fully concur to elevate
 ! individual  ?an 9 ! city ( old ,rome1
 9 ! /ate ( ,latium1 on !  banks ( !    
,tib]4 ,! k+s imp>t$ a multifold &      
vigor\s  developm5t to ! m>tial1 !      
religi\s1 ! ae/hetical1 !  gov]nm5tal1 !
 utilit>ian t5d5cies ( ! p4 ,^!  f\nta9s
 ( gr&eur p\r$ _! unit$ /reams ( glory  
dur+  ! five c5turies ( ! republic into 
a magnific5t res]voir1  to empty :i* !re
 0 dem&$ ! lapse ( five hundr$ ye>s  (  
enfeebl+ despotism4 ,x w\ld be long to  
trace ! s+le  developm5ts4 ,b we c see1 
& might expla9 by facts t1 9  z f> z    
,rome incorporat$ ) an equalization o!r 
p[]s1 s  f> did %e /r5g!n & aggr&ize    
h]self2 :]eas1  incorporations subject  
to inequality 7 co-causes ( h]          
de/ruction4 ,9 ! books ( ! ,ma*abees we 
see t ! ,jews1  9 _! em]g5cy1 call$ 9 ! 
,romans z ! ju/e/ among/  ! ,g5tiles4 ,9
 8 preface ,livy says3 ,caet]um aut me  
amor  negotii suscepti fallit1 aut nulla
 unquam respublica nec major1  nec      
sanctior1 nec bonis exemplis ditior     

fuit2 nec 9 quam tam  s]ae av>itia      
luxuriaque immigrav]9t3 nec ubi tantus  
tamdiuque  paup]tati ac p>simoniae honos
 fu]it3 adeo quanto r]um m9us  tanto    
m9us cupiditatis erat4 ,nup] divitiae   
av>itiam at  abundantes voluptates      
desid]ium p] luxum atque libid9em       
p]eundi p]d5dique omnia invex]e4 ,x is  
always saf] to  accuse ^? t are dead ?an
 ^? ) :om we live2 &  surely1 ! hi/orian
 t did n dread to attack ! liv+1  w\ld n
 h fail$ to arraign ! dead1 _h ! dead   
des]v$  x4 ,! expulsion & cause (       
expell+ ,t>qu91 consecrat$ an           
individual self-respect :i* ev]more     
rema9$ an important  elem5t 9 ! ,roman  
"*4 ,?is self-respect is ! bulw>k  (    
individual fre$om1 & ! mo/ inde/ructible
 f\ndation (  a social edifice4 ,f x    
arose ! acquisition by ! populace  ( !  
jus suffragii1 jus comm]cii1 jus        
connubii1 jus  honorum4 ,x 0 ! m9e :i*  
blew up1 fir/1 !  patricians1 & !n !    
nobles4 ,:]e did ,dr4 ,"l le>n t        
patricians & nobles are synonym\s t]ms8 

,?is self-respect  imp>t$ =titude to !  
soldi]1 wisdom to ! /atesman1 honor  to 
! m]*ant4 ,! individual 0 clo!d ) !     
maje/y (  8 c\ntry4 ,to uphold t maje/y 
0 ! fir/ duty ( !  ,roman4 ,alli$ )     
self-respect1 un*angeabl5ess ( purpose  
appe>s z a trait ( ! ,roman "*4 ,a!ns   
might h be5  a ,rome1 _h ! ,a!nian _s ! 
p]si/5cy ( ! ,roman4  ,!re 01 p]haps1 no
 =mative elem5t ( ! ,roman "*  s prom95t
 z ! practical common s5se :i* made !m  
le>n]s 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( life4 ,!     
,romans admitt$ !  p]fectibility ( _!   
in/itutions & practices1 s z to  adopt f
 =eign]s :atev] !y deem$ an improvem5t4 
#ged  ,! ,sp>tan lov$ 8 c\ntry z        
int5sely & z devot$ly z  ! ,roman1 b    
,sp>ta1 reject+ ! eclecticism ( ,rome1  
rema9$ cramp$ & undevelop$ 9 its        
exclusiv5ess4 ,^!  qualities ( ! m9d1   
toge!r ) a physical /r5g?1 su* z  appe>s
 f ! say+ ( ,pyrrhus1 ,_h ,i ! ,romans =
  soldi]s1 ,i c\ld conqu] ! _w1 l$ ,rome
 along ! highway  ( glory & p[]4    ,x  
w\ld be folly to foll[ ,dr4 ,"l ?r\gh ! 

_m subjects on  :i* he speaks4 ,we take 
! fir/ *apt] ( 8 "w z a  specim5 ( !    
wild1 ?\ghtless1 rambl+ mann] 9 :i* he  
writes4 ,x is head$ ,! ,conque/s ( !    
,romans2 b 9 x "o  f9ds a p>agraph on ! 
lawfulness ( w>1 a p>agraph on !  evils 
( w>1 a few pages on ,provid5ce1 a      
disquisition on !  imm$iate & ultimate  
consequ5ces ( ! ,crusades1 a p>agraph   
on ,provid5ce aga91 some?+ on !         
aspirations ( ! ,s\?1 a  p>agraph to %[ 
h[ petty leg5ds indicate ! exi/5ce (    
great virtues1 a p>agraph to %[ h[ petty
 w>s )  neighbor+ /ates develop         
patriotism1 some?+ on morals &  ,cato1  
:om he *>act]izes z a h>d1 n>r[         
/atesman1  a *ronicon ,romanum1 ! hi/ory
 ( ! helepolis1 a  p>agraph to %[ !     
necessity = ! empire4 ,w\ld any "o      
imag9e t ! same man wrote ( ,rome "u !  
emp]ors !  foll[+ passages3 ,! real     
7page #ac7 gr&eur ( ,rome is  associat$ 
) ! emp]ors4 ,great works ( art appe>1 &
 !y  become hi/orical4 ,! city is *ang$ 
f brick to m>ble1 &  palaces1 & !atres1 

& temples become colossal4 ,!re are  m  
m>ble bu/s ?an liv+ m54 ,a lib]al       
patronage is  ext5d$ to arti/s4 ,m$ic9e1
 law1 & sci5ce fl\ri%4 444 ,!  highe/   
/ate ( prosp]ity is rea*$ t ! anci5t  _w
 knew4 ,aga9 ,rome 7p4 #fi7 yields h]   
lib]ties1 &  imp]ial despotism beg9s its
 reign--h>d1 immovable1 resolute--  "u  
:i* g5ius is cru%$4 ,empire is add$1 b  
prosp]ity  is und]m9$4 ,! ma*9]y is     
p]fect1 b life is  fl$4 ,dr4 ,"l tells u
 t he loves to pond] on ! sacr$  geese1 
b we w\ld respectfully direct 8 pond]+  
to !  inconsi/5cies1 contradictions1 &  
false pron\ncem5ts )  :i* 8 volume      
teems4 ,he consid]s ! ,crusades ! wor/  
w>s  9 hi/ory1 uncall$ =1 unscrupul\s1  
fanatical2 b1 ?\gh  !y 7 uncall$ =1     
unscrupul\s1 & fanatical1 he /yles      
,b]n>d1 ,urban1 ,philip1 & ,ri*>d1 great
 m51 f>-sight$  /atesm51 & ass]ts t ! h&
 :i* guid$ t w>f>e  betwe5 ,europe &    
,asia 0 ! h& t l$ ! ,israelites out  (  
,egypt across ! ,r$ ,sea2 & ^? w>s :i*  
he pron\nces  wor/ he decl>es to h      

develop$ ! res\rces ( ,europe1  built   
free cities1 op5$ ! horizon ( k1 & giv5 
a  new /imulus to all ! en]gies ( !     
,european nations4 ,!re  are few :o w   
agree ) ,dr4 ,"l :5 he says t ! ,romans 
despis$ lit]ature1 art1 philosophy1     
agriculture1 & ev5  luxury :5 !y 7 mak+ 
_! gr& conque/s4 ,he ne$ only  read 8   
own description ( ! h]oes :o made !     
conque/s to  see ! falsehood ( 8        
/atem5ts4 ,!re are few1 too1 :o w  say t
 he describes ! *>act]s ( ! anci5ts )   
accuracy4 ,we w\ld especially notice 8  
defect ( appreciation  9 ! case ( ,hom]1
 ( ,sophocles1 & ( ! ,lat9 hi/orians4   
,! gr& excell5ce ( ,hom] rema9s unse5 by
 him4  #gee  ,! rais+ up ( h]o aft] &   
ov] h]o1 & ! transf]5ce  ( a collective 
glory to ,a*illes may be said to        
con/itute !  greate/ m>vel ( ! ,iliad4  
,?is g5]ates ! on5ess :i*  has be5      
notic$ & prais$ by all ! anci5ts4 ,!    
,doctor  praises extravagantly ,virgil's
 epic1 b e c&id read] w  confess t he   
feels unconc]n$1 &1 x may be1 we>y1 z he

  wades ?\gh ! la/ half ( ! ,a,eneid1   
:]eas he becomes m  & m enraptur$ z he  
advances ?r\gh ! books ( !  ,iliad4     
,diom$es is z gr& a w>rior z ,a,eneas1 &
 we d\bt  v mu* :e!r ,virgil c\ld h     
rais$ a high] model ?an  ,a,eneas1 :]eas
 ,hom] has work$ ! climax ?r\gh f\r or  
five  to ,a*illes4 ,:o believes1 or has 
believ$1 t ,demo/h5es'  ,philippics are 
m brilliant ?an 8 ,de ,corona8 ,to u    
,dr4 ,"l  seems1 9 judg+ ( ! anci5ts1 to
 h act$ z a compil]  r ?an to /& boldly 
be=e ! extant orig9als &  pron\nce 8 own
 judgm5t4 ,:5 he does speak = himself1  
he  seems to be m anxi\s to make himself
 s+ul> ?an to see &  tell ! tru? )      
accuracy4 ,speak+ ( ! solit>y gr&eur  ( 
! ,jewi% muse & ! my?ological my?s ( !  
ante-,hom]ic song/]s1 he looks r 9 !    
light ( a  fooli% fool ?an a s]i\s writ]
 communicat+ tru? to  a criticis+ _w4   
,x is curi\s1 t\*y1 &1 we might say1    
laughable1 to read ov]  ,dr4 ,"l's      
notions ( ! connection ( ! old ,roman _w
 )  ! *ur*4 ,bossuet's idea ( ! old     

,roman empire be+ an  in/rum5t 9 ! h&s (
 ,god to propagate ,*ri/ianity1 has a   
deep fasc9ation = our au?or2 b ,bossuet 
nev] gets !  cr$it ( x4 ,we err v mu*   
if1 9 writ+ ,! ,old ,roman  ,_w1 ,dr4   
,"l did n int5d to elaborate ?is        
conception  9 a "w :i* ! _w w\ld        
recognize z ! rival (  ,gibbon's ,decl9e
 & ,fall4 ,h[ does he d x8 ,he discov]s 
t !re _h exi/$ an ineffable fatalism1   
accord+ to :i*  ! ,roman empire 0 doom$ 
to die4 ,:at 0 old & hea!n  %\ld        
disappe>1 t :at 0 new & ,*ri/ian might  
arise4  ,! fad+ away ( ! ,roman reign 0 
unwor?y to be comp>$  ) ! glories ab\t  
to be manife/$4 ,:at 7 !y8 ,7  !y !     
beauties ( a gr& society ^: tea*+       
au?ority z  to ! ?+s ( et]nity 0 to be !
 ,holy ,_s1 ^: head  & sanctifi] 0 to be
 ,*ri/--( a society to be su/a9$ by  !  
h& ( ,god1 elevat$ above all societies1 
ext5d$ &  visible ?r\gh ! _w su* z      
,bossuet conceiv$8 ,dr4 ,"l  op9es t1 :5
 ,*ri/ianity is embrac$ by all1 x is    
corrupt$1 & may be said to be dead      

except ) a few *os5  spirits2 & :5      
,*ri/ianity is embrac$ only by a few &  
is  pure1 x is valueless = ! mass (     
mank9d1 be+ limit$ &  un9flu5tial4 ,on  
ei!r horn ( ! dilemma1 ,*ri/ianity may  
be  reg>d$ z an unimportant &           
unpr(itable s*ool = !  multitude4 ,yet  
he says t ! _w m>*es on 9 ,*ri/ian      
progress4 ,!re are always "s revivali/s1
 "s believ]s1 z  ! ,puritans1 9 a pure &
 p]sonal ,god2 & ,provid5ce1 :i*  gr&ly 
& m\rnfully elim9ates ! ,roman _w1      
consoles !  human race by ca/+ up1 "h & 
!re1 "s select ones1 "s  pure ones1 "s  
godly ones4 ,b1 if ,dr4 ,"l m]ely wi%$  
to act  ! "p ( a noonday somnambuli/ or 
a dreamy rhapsodi/1 we  w\ld fa9 p]mit  
him to revel undi/urb$ 9 8 rev]ies4 ,we 
h1 h[ev]1 a "r1 z ,ca?olics1 to object  
to  misrepres5tations ( ,ca?olic        
doctr9e4 ,!re are _m hone/  & righte\s  
,prote/ant m9ds ^: vision may become    
jaundic$  by ! ass]tions ( ?is writ]4   
#gef  ,:]e has he le>n$ t ! ,virg9 has  
be5 made ! object (  absolute wor%ip8   

,:5 he speaks ( c]emonies1 & fe/ivals1  
& pomps1 he ought to look ^u !m z ^? d  
:o use !m4  ,we h always be5 at a loss  
to und]/& :at special enmity  "s p h    
aga9/ a special s5se4 ,if ! s5ses are   
*annels = communicat+ ?\ght1 :y decry ! 
legitimate use  ( any "o ( !m p]=m+ its 
own function8 ,:y in/ruct  ?r\gh ! e> & 
n ?r\gh ! eye8 ,does n a map surpass    
all language 9 communicat+ geographical 
k8 ,logically1  "o ought to praise ,god 
?r\gh ! intuition ( _s  vis-a-vis _s &  
dis[n corporeal ag5ts1 eyes1  tongue1   
e>s1 h&s1 physical actions2 or recognize
 all1 provid$  !y be means ( communicat+
 ?\ght4 ,!re is n & !re  nev] has be5 9 
! *ur*1 any impos+ alt> typical (       
,jewi% sacrifices4 ,z to ! monks1 ei!r  
,"l admits ! tru?  ( :at are call$      
evangelical c\nsels1 or he does n2 if he
  does1 he %\ld n be at w> ) ! monks =  
actuat+ :at  is true2 if he does n1 h[  
does he get rid ( ! texts ( !  ,bible   
:i* conta9 !m8 ,did ! monks effect no?+ 
= !  good ( humanity8 ,7 all ! monks 9  

pursuit ( a purely  contemplative life8 
,7 !re no tea*]s1 no b5efactors ( !     
poor1 no cultivators ( des]ts1 & woods1 
& wild]nesses  among/ !m8 ,7 !re no     
f\nd]s ( cities1 no evangeliz]s  (      
savages8 ,surely1 ! disciples (         
,columbanus1 ( ,b5$ict1 (  ,basil1      
des]ve some?+ bett] ?an ! foll[+ turgid 
rigm>ole ( a vision>y fanf>on3 ,mona/ic 
life 7p4 #eei7  rip5$ also 9 a gr& sy/em
 ( p5ance & expiatory rights1  su* z    
*>act]iz$ ori5tal asceticism4 ,armies ( 
monks  retir$ to gloomy & isolat$       
places1 & ab&on$ !mselves  to           
rhapsodies1 & fa/+s1 & self-expiations 9
 opposition to  ! gr& doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s 
expiation4 ,!y despair$ (  society &    
ab&on$ ! _w to its fate--a dismal &     
fanatical set ( m5 ov]look+ ! practical 
aims ( life4 ,!y  liv$ m l bea/s &      
savages ?an enlight5$  ,*ri/ians--wild1 
fi]ce1 solit>y1 sup]/iti\s1 ignorant1   
fanatical1 fil?y1 clo!d 9 rags1 eat+ !  
co>se/ food1  practis+ gloomy au/]ities1
 introduc+ a false /&>d (  virtue1      

reg>dless ( ! com=ts ( civilization1 &  
c>eless  ( ^? great int]e/s :i* 7       
entru/$ to !m to gu>d4  444    ,! monks 
& h]mits s\ght to save !mselves by      
climb+ to  heav5 by ! same ladd] t _h   
be5 s\ght by ! so(is &  fakirs1 :i*     
delusion _h an imm5se influ5ce 9 und]m9+
  ! doctr9es ( grace4 ,*ri/ianity 0 fa/ 
m]g+ itself into  an ori5tal !osophy4 ,x
 is a sad ?+ to see1 & a  torm5t+ ?+ to 
h to foll[1 ?r\gh ov] six hundr$  pages1
 a man1 ru%+ madly f subject to subject4
 ,we h no  int]e/1 except 9 ! cause (   
tru? & "r1 to c5sure ,dr4  ,"l2 & c\ld  
we fairly1 9 ! capacity ( critic1 h     
aw>d$ him praise1 we %\ld h1 )\t        
reluctance1 & )  w>m?1 p]=m$ ! task4 ,we
 %\ld say t he mu/ h  labor$ long to    
compile 8 "w2 b if any?+ di/+ui%es  t   
"w1 x is an unlik5ess to ! s\rces f :i* 
x is  presum$ to h be5 gott5 up4 ,!     
anci5ts conceiv$ ( a  :ole1 & elaborat$ 
! natural compon5t p>ts to =m t  :ole2 9
 ! "w be=e u ! =mative mat]ials produce 
z  grotesque a union z t 9 ! m9otaur1 or

 c5taur1 or gorgon1  or *ima]a1 or      
hydra1 or sph9x4 ,9 ! anci5ts1 we are   
pleas$  ) a mode/y :i* dreads alike !   
ov]/atem5t or !  )hold+ ( ! tru?2 ,dr4  
,"l a/\nds u ) an unblu%+  & un?9k+     
recklessness ( ass]tion4 ,9 pres5t+ _!  
?\ghts to ! _w1 ! ,greeks & ,romans 7   
scrupul\s d[n  to ! collocation ( a     
p>ticle2 ,dr4 ,"l's production is       
ov]gr[n ) expletives1 ambiguities1      
r$undancies1 &  repetitions4 ,to any "o 
accu/om$ to gaze on ! *a/e1  cry/al1 &  
refre%+ pages ( classic lore1 8 volume  
is an  un5durable eyesore4    --------  
#geg                       ,! ,div9e    
,load/one4             ,& ,i1 if ,i be  
lift$ up f ! e>?1         w draw all ?+s
 to myself4                         ,!  
,disciple4      ,ah me6 :at do? my feet 
re/ra91       ,t ,i ?y cross behold--   
,a load/one all div9e--     ,draw+ m5's 
he>ts ) my/ic *a9       ,z mis]s lur$ by
 gold1       ,& yet x draws n m9e8      
,! ,ma/]4      ,my ^w is v tru?1 my son2
       ,all he>ts to me %\ld freely run2

       ,& if ,i draw n !e         ,z    
sweetly z ! re/1     ',tis ?\ :o w\ld/ !
 load/one be1     ,& draw ! he>ts ( m5  
to !e--       ,_! love do? m9e conte/4  
,! ,disciple4      ,nay1 ,"l2 'tis only 
= ?y he>t ,i p9e4                       
,! ,ma/]4      ,say'/ s8 ,!n give me1   
also1 all ( ?9e4    ----------    #geh  
,translat$ ,f ,! ,g]man4                
,! ,rival ,compos]s4      ,late "o      
aft]noon1 9 ! autumn ( ! ye> #aggi1 a   
g5tleman1  walk+ 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies1
 0 obs]v$ by ! gu>d  ne> ! gate ( !     
palace private gr\nds1 ge/iculat+ 9 a   
mann] to excite suspicion4 ,he 0 pla9ly 
dress$1 & advanc$  9 ye>s4 ,:5 ! s5t9el 
saw him1 aft] walk+ briskly to &  fro1 &
 mutt]+ half al\d1 /op & lift 8 h& 9 a  
?reat5+ mann] t[>d ! royal abode1 he    
promptly arre/$  him4 ,call+ two g5s    
d'armes1 he put ! suspect$ man1  suppos$
 guilty ( designs aga9/ ! k+1 into _!   
h&s1 to  be convey$ to prison4    ,at ! 
gate !y met a ri*ly gild$ op5 c>riage1 9
 :i* sat  two ladies1 ) a *ild & nurse4 

,! tall] ( ! ladies wore  a hat ( d>k   
velvet1 ) droop+ plumes1 & a mantle ( ! 
same1 ) a fl[+ dress ( sat91 ! sleeves  
trimm$ )  ri* lace4 ,! soldi]s /opp$ to 
salute ! "y ,que5 ,m>ie  ,anto9ette1 & !
 prison] remov$ 8 hat & b[$ l[4 ,at  !  
same in/ant ! lady lean$ f ! c>riage1   
exclaim+1  ,ah6 ,ma/] ,gluck6    ,! que5
 laugh$ he>tily :5 %e he>d h] old       
music-ma/]  _h j be5 arre/$ = disloyal  
practices ne> ! palace2  :5 he 0 only   
declaim+ a passionate recitative out ( 8
  new op]a6 ,%e insi/$ on 8 ent]+ !     
c>riage & go+ to  ! palace ) h]2 :ile ! 
a/oni%$ gu>ds w5t to report  _! mi/ake4 
,n unfrequ5tly _h ! celebrat$ compos]   
be5 ! gue/ (  ! royal lady4 ,he 0 wont  
to visit h] 9 ! g>d5 ( !  ,trianon1     
talk+ ,g]man ) h]1 & ex*ang+ rem9isc5ces
 (  ,vi5na4 ,:5 ! op]a-h\se 9 ,p>is _h  
res\nd$ ) !  applause call$ =? by !     
repres5tation ( "o ( 8 op]as1  & he 0   
s5t = to ! royal box1 ! que5's own h& _h
  cr[n$ him ) ! *aplet 8 g5ius _h won4  
,at ?is p]iod ! music-lov+ population ( 

,p>is 0 divid$  into p>tisans ( ! two   
rival compos]s1 ,gluck & ,picc9i4 ,!    
m]its ( ea* 7 discuss$ 9 e circle1 &    
comp>isons  7 made1 (t5 ) a confus$ w> (
 tongues2 ! dispute  be+1 to :om ! palm 
( sup]ior greatness %\ld be aw>d$4  ,ea*
 _h compos$ a piece on ! same subject1  
:i* 0 %ortly  to be repres5t$2 ! success
 decid+ :i* ( ! two %\ld  keep ! field4 
,late ! same ev5+ a numb] ( ! ,p>isian  
connoisseurs &  arti/s 7 assembl$ 9 !   
brilliantly illum9at$  salon ( ! ,caf du
 ,feu4 ,_m ( ! noblesse 7  to be se51   
surr\nd$ by critics1 amateurs1 etc41 & !
  company 0 9 a ,babel ( declamation &  
argum5t2 !  battle-cries all ov] ,p>is  
be+ ,gluck & ,picc9i4 ,?ree  "y m51 :o  
_h j ent]$1 secur$ a place 9 a quiet    
side-room1 :]e ?ree o!rs 7 seat$2 "o 9 a
 corn]1 deep  9 ! %ad[ ( a pill>4       
,com=tably ensconc$ 9 an arm-*air1  ?is 
man sat ) head lean+ back1 drumm+ ) !   
f+]s (  "o h& on ! table1 & tak+ no     
notice ( any?+ t  pass$4  #gei  ,ano!r  
occupant ( ! room 0 a h&some "y         

,fr5*man1 )  deep blue eyes %ad$ ) heavy
 br[n la%es1 & complexion (  ! ri* br[n 
( ,prov5ce2 he 0 poorly dress$1 b 8     
mann]  0 graceful & spirit$4 ,8         
companion at ! table 0 a long1  ?91     
middle-ag$ man1 ) an air ( discont5t &  
spite 9 8  :ole demeanor4 ,he wore a    
r\gh br[n p]uke2 8 features 7  heavy1 & 
he _h a pair ( ke51 squ9t+ eyes1 ) a    
peevi%1  s9i/] twi/ ab\t ! m\?4 ,he     
spoke ,fr5* badly1 8 acc5t  betray+ !   
,saxon4 ,he 0 speak+ ( ,gluck1 & end$ 8 
rem>ks by say+3 ,i _c und]/& :at a p ( s
 mu*  judgm5t & ta/e z ! ,fr5* f9d s    
great 9 ?is man6    ,are y speak+1 cri$ 
! "y ,fr5*man1 ( ! creator (  ,armida1 (
 ,orpheus1 ( ,iphig5ia8    ,ahem6 yes4  
,he is n e/eem$ highly among u 9        
,g]many1 = he  kn[s little or no?+ (    
art-rules1 z ! le>n$ ,h]r ,=hel  9      
,gtt+5 & o!r di/+ui%$ critics h prov$4  
,& y1 a musician1 a compos]1 a ,g]man1  
speak ?us6  exclaim$ ! "y man4 ,i "k    
little ( art-rules2 b "o  ?+ ,i "k &    
feel1 ! ,*evali] ,gluck has a gr& &     

noble  _s4 ,8 music awak5s elevat$      
feel+2 no l[ or common  ?\ght c approa* 
me :ile ,i li/5 to x2 ev5 :5  spiritless
 & deject$1 my despond5cy takes flight  
be=e !  l(ty joy ,i feel 9 ,gluck's     
creations4    ,& ?9k y1 cri$ "y ,arnaut1
 :o belong$ to ! o!r  faction1 t ! great
 ,picc9i w\ld ent] into a conte/ )  y\r 
*evali]1 did he n "k he 0 to /rive ) a  
wor?y  adv]s>y6    ,! ,g]man1 nettl$ at 
! "q1 %uffl$ a little z he  answ]$1     
,hem6 ,i suppose n2 ,i only ma9ta9 t ,m4
 ,gluck is  n ! be/ compos]1 z ! le>n$  
,h]r ,=hel has prov$4  ,) reg>d to a    
*ur* /yle--    ,:o is talk+ ( *ur*      
/yles6 int]rupt$ ! br[n y\?1  )         
vivacity4 ,! po9t is1 a gr& op]a /yle6  
,w\ld y\r  le>n$ critics *ange ,gluck's 
,armida into a nun's hymn1  or h 8 wild 
motets ( ,tauris sung 9 ! /yle (        
,pale/r9a8    ,! squ9t+ man mov$ 9 8    
seat1 sipp$ 8 orangeade1 &  mutt]$3 ,!  
le>n$ ,h]r ,=hel has prov$ t ! ,*evali] 
,gluck und]/&s no?+ ( songs4    ,no?+ ( 
songs6 e*o$ all ! company1 9 surprise4  

,!  ,g]man cont9u$3 ,he _c c>ry ?r\gh an
 ord9>y melody  accord+ to rule2 8 song 
is b an extravagant declamation4    ,!  
br[n y\? />t$ to 8 feet 9 gl[+          
indignation4 ,y  are n wor?y to be a    
,g]man1 sir1 he cri$1 ?us to speak (    
y\r great c\ntryman4 ,all ,p>is         
ackn[l$ges 9 ,gluck a mighty  arti/2 !  
dispute is only :e!r he or ,picc9i is ! 
great]4  ,gluck's music is ! true       
expression ( feel+1 alike remov$  f !   
cold con/ra9t ( rules & f caprici\s     
innovation6  ,:e!r he w\ld excel 9 *ur* 
or conc]t music--or w\ld  attempt x--we 
_c tell6 ,he has set himself "o glori\s 
task1  & pursues t ) all ! /r5g? ( a    
great _s6    ,:at is y\r "n1 "y man8    
s\nd$ a sonor\s voice f !  corn] beh9d  
him4    ,! /rang]1 :om all turn$ to look
 at1 _h ris5 f 8  seat1 & ! light ( !   
c&les %one full ^u 8 face4    #gfj    ,!
 ,*evali] ,gluck6 exclaim$ sev]al       
voices4 ,gluck smil$ &  b[$2 !n turn+ to
 ! br[n y\?1 he repeat$ 8 "q4    ,my "n 
is ,eti5ne ,mehul1 0 ! mode/ reply4     

,y are a musician1 ,i p]ceive1 said     
,gluck4 ,w y call at  my h\se8 ,"h is my
 address4    ,h&+ him ! c>d1 he turn$ to
 ! squ9t+ ,g]man1 :o sat  emb>rass$1 &  
spoke to him ) undisguis$ contempt3     
,mr4 ,elias ,hegr96 ,x is an unexpect$  
pleasure to see y 9  ,p>is2 yet a       
pleasure--= ,i l to tell y hone/ly :at a
  mis]able rascal y are6 ,y ?9k ,i      
und]/& no?+ ( !  rules ( music or (     
songs--eh6 ,y ?\ght diff]5tly 9  ,vi5na1
 :5 y almo/ liv$ at my h\se1 & receiv$  
in/ructions 9 music f me1 & took :at ,i 
procur$ = y  f patrons1 & :at ,i gave y 
out ( my own pocket6 ,y  became my enemy
 because ,i c&idly told y y c\ld ma/]   
only  ! lifeless =m1 n ! _s4 ,y seek :at
 y c nev]  obta9--n = ! sake ( art1 b = 
y\r own tempor>y  advantage4 ,y w\ld d  
bett] z an hone/ tailor or %oemak]1  ?an
 a mean musician6 ,y c\ld n =give my    
tell+ y ?is6  & s y g & abuse me 9      
,gtt+56 ,g & d bett]1 if y  c2 b ,i ?9k 
t w be difficult2 = he :o belies art    
because he _c compass h]1 w be likely to

 rema9 !  rascal he has %[n himself6    
,adieu1 ,messieurs6    ,gluck nodd$ to  
"y ,mehul1 & w5t out4    ,que5 ,m>ie    
,anto9ette _h a private morn+ reception 
( h]  fri5ds at h] favorite ,trianon4   
,comte d',artois1 j return$ to  ,p>is f 
8 hunt+ ca/le1 _h come ) 8 bro!r1 !     
,comte de ,prov5ce1 to pay 8 respects to
 8 beautiful  si/]-9-law4 ,!y talk$ ( ! 
late/ news 9 ! capital1 !  balls1       
flirtations1 witticisms1 spectacles1    
etc41 & ( ! new  ent]ta9m5t expect$ 9 ! 
conte/ betwe5 ,gluck & ,picc9i2  !      
anticipations ( :i* kept all ,p>is 9    
dispute4    ,d',artois decl>$ himself = 
,gluck4 ,y\r c\ntryman1 he cri$  to !   
que51 is a spl5did fell[6 ,he w5t on !  
*ase )  me1 & made five %ots "o aft] !  
o!r4 ,z to ! ,italians1  !y d n "k h[ to
 hold a gun6    ,i l ! ,italian music   
be/1 said ! ,comte de ,prov5ce4 ,y  _c  
well s+ or dance to ! ,g]man1 z ,nov]re 
ju/ly  obs]ves4    ,nov]re _h to dance  
to ,g]man music1 ?\gh6 cri$ ! que51     
laugh+4 ,!n %e told ! /ory ( ! great    

danc+-ma/]'s  visit to ,gluck1 & h[ he  
_h v5tur$ to tell him t no  danc] 9 !   
gr& op]a c\ld dance to 8 music 9 !      
,scy?ian ballets2 & h[ ,gluck1 enrag$1  
_h seiz$ ! little  man1 & danc$ him     
?r\gh ! :ole h\se1 up-/airs &           
d[n-/airs1 s++ ! ,scy?ian ballets2 & _h 
ask$ him1  :5 ! brea? 0 ne>ly knock$ out
 ( ,nov]re1 ,well1 sir1  ?9k y1 n[1 a   
danc] 9 ! gr& op]a c dance to my  music8
 to :i* ! poor pant+ victim _h gasp$ out
 an eag]  affirmative6 ,! /ory 0 mu*    
laugh$ at1 & ! arrogance (  ! op]a      
arti/s comm5t$ on4    ,a page ent]$ &   
ann\nc$1 ,! ,*evali] ,gluck1 come to    
give  ! que5 a lesson on ! piano4       
,m>ie ,anto9ette ord]$ him to be        
admitt$4    ,we 7 talk+ ( y1 ,m4 ,gluck1
 said ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?2  & h] maje/y
 prais$ y = an excell5t danc+-ma/]4     
,& my bro!r ?9ks y an exp]t 9 hunt+1 &  
on t  acc\nt he belongs to y\r p>ty1    
rem>k$ ! ,comte de  ,prov5ce4    #gfa   
,come1 cri$ ! que51 y mu/ n tease my    
good ma/]6  ,leave him to save all 8    

pati5ce = 8 pupil--myself6 ,he w  h ne$ 
( x1 ,i assure y6    ,because1          
,anto9ette1 said ,gluck gravely1 speak+ 
9 ,g]man1  y d n play half s well z     
que51 z :5 y 7  ar*du*ess4    ,! que5   
laugh$ z %e answ]$ 9 ! same language1   
,wait b  a little1 ,*ri/ophe6 y\r e>s   
%all r+ pres5tly4 ,ladies &  g5tlem51 w 
y be quiet8 ,%e spoke to !m 9 ,fr5*1 z  
%e w5t to op5 ! piano4    ,%e ins]t$ !  
key & turn$ x1 p]haps too ha/ily2 = %e  
c\ld n op5 ! in/rum5t4 ,aft] sev]al va9 
attempts1 %e  call$ impati5tly3    ,come
 hi!r1 ,gluck1 & help me6    ,gluck     
tri$1 b ) no bett] success2 ! o!rs took 
_!  turn2 b ! lock resi/$ all _! ef=ts4 
,! que5 look$  vex$4    ,:at fool c h   
made su* a lock8 exclaim$ ,gluck4       
,take c>e1 *evali]1 :at y say1 said !   
,comte de ,prov5ce2  ! lock is ( ! k+'s 
own mak+--( a new sort1 ,i  believe4    
,d',artois w5t out1 & 9 a few mom5ts    
return$ ) ! k+4  ,l\is ,,xvi4 wore a    
%ort jacket1 8 head cov]$ ) an          
unsightly lea!rn cap1 8 face gl[+ &     

begrim$ ) soot1  8 h&s 7 r\gh z ^? ( a  
locksmi?1 & a bundle (  keys & picklocks
 7 fa/5$ to 8 belt4 ,he w5t up to !     
piano1 & exam9$ ! lock ) ! e>ne/ mann] (
 an  artisan1 tri$ sev]al keys )\t      
success1 %ook 8 head  dissatisfi$1 &    
tri$ o!rs4 ,f9d+ ! "r "o at la/1  ! lock
 yield$1 & ) an air ( triumph1 z if he  
_h won a  battle1 he said1 smil+ on 8   
wife1    ,!re1 ! piano is op56 ,n[1     
madame1 y c play6    ,b s long a "t _h  
pass$1 t ! que5 _h lo/ !  incl9ation4 ,z
 %e w\ld n take h] lesson1 ! ,pr9cess   
,elizabe? ask$ ,gluck to play !m some?+ 
f 8  ,iphig5ia4 ,he play$ ! fr5zy sc5e (
 ,ore/es4 ,:5 he  _h f9i%$ x1 ! k+      
exclaim$3 ,excell5t1 *evali]6 ,i am     
delight$4 ,i w h y\r op]a produc$ fir/1 
) all !  c>e y l2 & ,i hope ! success w 
gratify y4    ,two m visitors 7         
ann\nc$--,signor ,picc9i & !  ,*evali]  
,nov]re1 :o />t$ & color$ 9 "s          
emb>rassm5t  :5 he saw ,gluck4 ,! k+    
comm&$ ! two compos]s to salute  ea*    
o!r1 :i* !y did ) dignity1 cordiality1 &

 easy  grace4 ,aft] ! que5 _h spok5 to  
!m1 ! ,*evali] ,nov]re  rem9d$ h] maje/y
 t %e _h be5 pleas$ to grant  p]mission 
to ,signor ,picc9i to play "s new airs f
 8  ,iphig5ia be=e h]4    ,m>ie         
,anto9ette ass5t$1 & ask$ ,picc9i :at   
selection he  _h made2 to :i* he repli$ 
t ,nov]re _h wi%$ him to play  ! fir/   
,scy?ian dance4    ,d',artois bur/ into 
a laugh2 b ! o!rs re/ra9$ _!  mir?4 ,at 
! que5's comm&1 ,picc9i seat$ himself at
 !  piano1 ! ,comte de ,prov5ce &       
,nov]re beat+ "t to 8  music4 ,all !    
company ?\ght ,picc9i's ,scy?ian dance m
  pleas+ & bett] adapt$ to ! grace (    
motion ?an t (  ,gluck4 ,b ,d',artois   
:isp]$ to ! k+ t ! dance1 ?\gh          
admirable & full ( melody1 0 bett] suit$
 = a mask$ ball  9 ! salon ( ! gr& op]a 
?an = a private abode  9 ,tauris4  #gfb 
,gluck li/5$ ) e>ne/ att5tion1 evid5tly 
appreciat+ !  m]its ( 8 oppon5t2 b a    
light curl ( 8 lips 0 se51  :5 ,picc9i  
indulg$ too freely 9 8 pretty quav]+s & 
t9kl+s4 ,!re 0 great applause :5 x 0    

end$4 ,nov]re  prais$ ! p]=mance z      
display+ ! inspirit+ rhy?mus  :i* alone 
w\ld enable ! danc] to give true        
expression to  8 pir\ettes & ent]*ats4  
,i agree ) y1 ,monsieur ,nov]re1        
int]rupt$ ,l\is1 t  ,signor ,picc9i's   
music is admirable2 b ,i hope y w also  
make y\rself acqua9t$ ) ! music ( !     
,*evali] ,gluck4    ,nov]re repli$      
timidly1 t ! ,*evali] ,gluck & he  7 on 
! mo/ fri5dly t]ms4    ,aft] ! arti/s _h
 left ! royal abode1 ,gluck & ,picc9i   
took a c\rte\s leave ( ea* o!r4 ,z      
,gluck /epp$ into 8  c>riage1 he said to
 ,nov]re3 ,d n1 *evavali]1 =get 8       
maje/y's comm&4 ,if ,i made y dance     
aga9/ y\r w1 x 0  to introduce y to my  
music4 ,i regret ,i am n a pr(ici5t 9  !
 art ( danc+2 yet ,i am1 l y\rself1     
*evali] ( !  ord] de l',esprit1 & 9 t "*
 ,i wi% y a good  morn+4    ,picc9i     
laugh$ at ?is1 b ,nov]re look$ vex$ z   
,gluck drove  away4    ,! rehe>sals &   
prep>ations = ! repres5tation ( ! two   
,iphig5ias 7 ne>ly complete1 & ! day 0  

appo9t$  :5 ! ma/]piece ( ,gluck 0 to   
receive ! s5t5ce ( !  ,p>isians4 ,x 0 to
 be p]=m$ fir/2 ! pref]5ce hav+  be5    
yield$ to him z ! olde/ ( ! two         
compos]s4 ,he 0 at  t "t sixty-five4    
,treatises1 le>n$ & sup]ficial1 7       
publi%$1 ^u ,gluck  & ,picc9i1 !        
diff]5ces 9 _! /yle & 9 ! two  op]as2   
all t9ctur$ ) p>ty _s1 & _m %[+ gross   
ignorance ( music4 ,! p]=m]s1 too1 fell 
into diss5sion4  ,picc9i _h h>d "w to   
propitiate1 by att5tions & favors1  "s  
:o 7 oppos$ to him1 t 8 "w might n be   
spoil$  by _! p]v]sity4 ,gluck resort$  
to ?reats1 & made 8  enemies afraid (   
him4 ,he tru/$ to ! excell5ce ( 8 motto1
  ,tru? makes its way ?r\gh all ?+s2 &  
reflect$ t !  wor/ success w\ld n make a
 good "w a bad "o4    ,on ! morn+ ( !   
f9al rehe>sal1 ! day be=e ! fir/        
repres5tation1 "y ,mehul 0 ann\nc$4     
,gluck cordially  welcom$ him1 & ask$ :y
 he _h n se5 him be=e4    ,i fe>$ to    
di/urb y1 answ]$ ! "y man4 ,b to-day my 
anxiety br+s me4    ,anxiety8 que/ion$  

,gluck4    ,y h enemies2 y\r op]a is to 
be produc$ to-morr[6 ,%\ld  ! success   
fall %ort ( its m]its--    ,!n be x s1  
said ! ma/]1 smil+4    ,y c say t s     
calmly8    ,:y n8 ,d y ?9k ( devot+     
y\rself to dramatic  composition8    ,x 
is my wi% to d s4    ,"w1 !n1 ) bold    
he>t6 ,lay hold on :at gl[+  inspiration
 br+s y1 & m\ld x ) e>ne/ he$6 ,! great 
?+ is1 to /& firm1 & g on ) _s & /r5g?4 
,!  _w makes ?is h>d = ! arti/1 & _m    
fall 9 !  conflict4    ,y h won6    ,if 
,i h gone ?r\gh life nei!r a fool nor a 
knave1 /ill ,i  h my faults4 ,to "s !   
,all-,b5evol5t has grant$ to "k  b      
little1 till :at !y h atta9$ is wa/$1 or
 9 dang]  ( be+ lo/4 ,happy he :o       
appreh5ds ! bett] "p1 & holds  x fa/1   
?\gh 8 he>t be torn 9 ! /ruggle6  #gfc  
,:at w y say :5 ,i confess to y1 t      
p]ception ( !  highe/--! only good1 came
 late--fe>fully late to me6  ,music 0   
all to me f e>lie/ y\?4 ,:5 a boy1 9    
lovely  ,bohemia1 ,i he>d h] voice 9 !  
d5se =e/1 ! gloomy  rav9e1 or ! romantic

 valley2 on ! bold1 />k cliff2 9 !      
*e]ful hunt]'s call1 or ! ho>se song (  
/ream & torr5t4  ,i ?\ght !re 0 no?+ s  
great & glori\s1 t man1  impot5t man1   
c\ld n a*ieve x4 ,too soon ,i le>n$ t   
some?+ 0 impossible4 ,h[ soon are ! _s's
 w+s  clipp$6 ,!n come h>ass+ d\bts1    
false ambition1 ?ir/ (  ga91 envy1      
disappo9t$ vanity1 worldly c>es2 !      
hateful  gnomes ( e>?1 t cl+ to y & drag
 y d[nw>d1 :5  y w\ld so> l ! eagle t[>d
 ! sun4 ,?us x is 9  y\?1 9 manhood1 9  
old age4 ,"o among _m1 r$eem$ f  folly1 
disc]ns & appreciates ! "r1 & might     
create !  beautiful4 ,b by t "t ! ardor 
& vigor ( y\? are  gone2 & to 8         
en?usiasm1 8 newly acquir$ k1 !re       
rema9s a grave6    ,m--mu* m--to y6 cri$
 ,mehul 9 deep emotion4    ,p]haps x is 
true2 = :5 ,i bur/ ! fett]s ( ! unwor?y 
& ! base1 !re came to me a radiant      
vision f ! pure1  bright ,grecian age4  
,! "w ( hold+ x fa/1 & %ap+ x  9 !      
ext]nal _w1 is my la/4 ,& melan*oly x is
 t a  :ole vigor\s lifetime c\ld n be   

consecrat$ alone to su* a  !me--or to   
yet high] ones4 ,b ,i mu/ submit 9      
rep5tance  & humility1 = my %ortcom+s6  
,i w be> x1 :e!r ^!  ,p>isians adjudge  
me fame & weal?1 or hiss d[n my "w4     
,! h\r /ruck = ! rehe>sal1 & ,gluck1    
accompani$ by 8  "y fri5d1 w5t to !     
,royal ,academy ( ,music4    ,nicolo    
,picc9i1 morose & out ( humor1 0 walk+  
up & d[n  8 room1 glanc+ n[ & !n at !   
manuscript ( 8 op]a  t lay ^u 8         
writ+-desk4 ,at times he w\ld g to !    
desk  z if a happy ?\ght _h /ruck him1  
to add some?+ to !  notes2 b ! next     
in/ant he w\ld let fall ! p51 %ake 8    
head ) a dissatisfi$ & melan*oly air1 & 
resume 8 walk  ?r\gh ! room4    ,a      
knock+ 0 he>d2 & aft] x 0 repeat$ twice1
 ,picc9i  op5$ ! door4 ,elias ,hegr9    
came 94 ,! compos] seem$  di/urb$ at 8  
pres5ce1 & gloomily ask$ :at he want$4  
,hegr9 answ]$ t ! ,*evali] ,nov]re _h   
in=m$ him  ,signor ,picc9i wi%$ to see  
him4    ,aft] a pause1 ,picc9i admitt$ t
 he _h s5t = him4    ,& 9 :at c ,i s]ve 

my honor$ patron8 ask$ ,elias4    ,by   
speak+ ! tru?6 /]nly answ]$ ,picc9i4    
,confess t y spoke falsely1 :5 y told me
 ,gluck /irr$  up all 8 fri5ds to make a
 p>ty aga9/ me6    ,elias ,hegr9 *ang$  
color1 b he collect$ himself1 &  answ]$1
 ,i spoke ! tru?4    ,x is false1       
,elias6 ,x 0 ! same :5 y told me y  _h  
read ! manuscript ( my adv]s>y1 & t ! "w
 h>dly  des]v$ ! honors ( m$iocrity4    
,x 0 ! tru?1 ,signor ,picc9i1 & ,i      
repeat my op9ion ( !  op]a ( ! ,*evali] 
,gluck4    ,s mu* ! worse = y\r judgm5t6
 ,i h he>d five  rehe>sals1 & ,i        
mu/--ay1 & w decl>e be=e all  ! _w1 t   
,gluck's ,iphig5ia is ! greate/ op]a ,i 
"k1 & t 9 its au?or ,i ackn[l$ge my     
ma/]4    #gfd    ,elias />$ 9 amazem5t4 
,i believ$ ,i _h accompli%$ some?+ wor?y
 9 my own "w1  cont9u$ ,picc9i2 &1      
inde$1 my design 0 pure2 nor is my  "w  
altoge!r )\t m]it2 b oh6 h[ void & cold1
 h[  weak & insignificant does x seem to
 me1 comp>$ ) ,gluck's  gigantic        
creation6 ,yes1 creation6 m9e is only a 

"w6 a "w  t w vani% )\t a trace2 :ile   
,gluck's ,iphig5ia  w endure z long z   
feel+ = ! gr& & ! beautiful is  n dead 9
 ! he>ts ( m56    ,b1 ,signor ,picc9i1  
/amm]$ ,elias4    ,sil5ce6 int]rupt$    
,picc9i4 ,:y h y sl&]$ ! noble  *evali]1
 & /riv5 to br+ d[n 8 works & 8 "*  to  
y\r own level8 ,are y n a%am$ ( su*     
pitiful behavior8  ,9 spite ( ,nov]re's 
recomm5dation1 ,i h nev] fully tru/$  y2
 = ,i "k t ,nov]re hat$ ,gluck = hav+   
w\nd$ 8  ridicul\s vanity4 ,b ,i nev]   
?\ght y capable ( su*  meanness z ,i f9d
 y guilty (4 ,gluck /ir up 8 fri5ds to  
make a p>ty aga9/ me6 ,look at ^! lett]s
 9 ,gluck's own  h&1 writt5 to ,arnaud1 
,rollet1 ,maurepas1 :]e9 he judges my   
"w ?or\ghly1 dwell+ ^u ! be/ p>ts1 &    
entreats !m  to li/5 imp>tially to my   
op]a z to 8 own1 & to give an  imp>tial 
judgm5t1 z he is anxi\s only = ! tru?6  
,my  patron1 ! ,comte de ,prov5ce1      
p]suad$ ^? g5tlem5 to s5d  me ^! lett]s1
 to remove my gr\ndless suspicions4 ,i  
am deeply  mortifi$ t ,i ev] condesc5d$ 

to make common cause ) y6  ,y h deceiv$ 
me6 ,n[1 tell me1 :at induc$ y to act 9 
?is di%onorable mann] t[>d y\r          
b5efactor8    ,elias1 %runk into        
himself1 repli$ 9 a la*rymose tone1 ,ah6
 ,i  am an unhappy man1 & des]ve y\r    
sympa?y6 ,f boyhood ,i  he>d x said at  
home t ,i _h extraord9>y tal5t = music1 
& w\ld become a great compos]1 & w9 bo? 
weal? & fame4  ,i /udi$ zeal\sly2 my    
fir/ "w 0 prais$ 9 ! t[n :]e  ,i liv$2 b
 :5 ,i w5t to ,vi5na1 ,i c\ld d no?+4   
,gluck took y by ! h& 9 ,vi5na1 support$
 y1 gave y  in/ruction1 & correct$ y\r  
works4    ,he did s2 b he likewise told 
me ,i _h no g5ius1 & t ,i  nev] c\ld be 
a great compos]4    ,& did he deceive y8
 ,:at h y prov$ y\rself8 ,y hate  & sl&]
 him1 !n1 because he hone/ly advis$ y to
 desi/  f useless ef=ts8    ,elias      
squ9t$ sull5ly1 & %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s4      
,yes1 ,i hate him6 he exclaim$ fi]cely4 
,conf\nd him6 ,all !  fame & gold are = 
him1 & none = me6 ,i w d him all !  h>m 
,i c6 ,i w embitt] 8 life6    ,begone6  

cri$ ,picc9i1 full ( horror4 ,we h no?+ 
m 9  common4 ,honor1 religion1 guide !  
true man2 y\r div9ities are  vanity1    
envy1 c[>dly malice6 ,su* z y des]ve no 
sympa?y6    ,full ( spite & vexation1   
,elias ,hegr9 left ! h\se4    ,picc9i's 
op]a 0 admir$1 b t ( ,gluck obta9$ !    
victory1 awak5+ univ]sal en?usiasm4     
,aft] its ?ird  repres5tation1 ,gluck   
left ! op]a-h\se1 foll[$ by !           
acclamations ( ! enraptur$ multitude4   
,mehul 0 ) him1  go+ to sup at 8 h\se4  
,:5 !y ent]$ ,gluck's draw+-room1 bo?   
/>t$ )  surprise to see a man wrapp$ 9 8
 mantle /&+ at !  w9d[ & look+ out4 ,z  
!y came 91 he turn$ r\nd &  fac$ !m4    
#gfe    ,signor ,picc9i6 exclaim$ ,gluck
 9 surprise4    ,i am n an unwelcome    
gue/1 ,i hope8 said ! compos]1 ) a      
smile4    ,mo/ welcome6 cri$ ,gluck     
cordially1 tak+ ! (f]$ h&  & w>mly      
press+ x1 ,i e/eem & honor s noble an   
adv]s>y6    ,we are no long] adv]s>ies6 
exclaim$ ,picc9i4 ,our /rife is  at an  
end4 ,i ackn[l$ge y z my ma/]1 & %all be

 happy &  pr\d to call y my fri5d6 ,let 
! ,glucki/s & ,picc9i/s  dispute z !y l2
 ,gluck & ,picc9i und]/& ea* o!r6    ,& 
love ea* o!r1 too6 cri$ ,gluck1 )       
vivacity4 ,inde$  x %all be s6    ,!    
supp] 0 enjoy$ by ! :ole p>ty4          
--------          ,! ,iri% ,9 ,am]ica4  
,footnote #fh        ,footnote #fh3 ,!  
,iri% 9 ,am]ica4      ,london3 ,longman1
 ,rees  ,co4      ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 & 
,montreal3 ,d4  ,j4 ,sadli]  ,co4 #ahfh4
    ,?is is ! title ( a book rec5tly    
publi%$ simultane\sly 9  ,london & ,new 
,york1 & :i* bids fair to excite        
consid]able  att5tion ea/ & we/ ( !     
,atlantic4 ,! au?or1 ,mr4 ,john         
,francis ,maguire1 ,m4,p41 has long s9ce
 atta9$ to honorable  di/9ction n only 9
 ,irel&1 8 own c\ntry1 b 9 !  ,briti%   
,h\se ( ,commons4 ,8 visit to ?is c\ntry
 dur+ !  pa/ ye> /r5g!n$ ! favorable    
impression already made on  ^? :o _h    
kn[n him only ?r\gh 8 publi%$ spee*es & 
! prom95t "p he has tak5 = _m ye>s 9 !  
affairs (  8 native c\ntry4 ,he>t & s\l 

devot$ to ! be/ int]e/s  ( t c\ntry1 & (
 ! ,iri% race ev]y:]e2 ?or\ghly         
acqua9t$ ) ! ,celtic nature1 its        
capabilities = progress  & improvem5t1 &
 f]v5tly devot$ to ! fai? :i* is !      
ri*e/ inh]itance ( ,ca?olic ,irel&1 ,mr4
 ,maguire felt anxi\s  to see ) 8 own   
eyes ! actual condition ( ! ,iri% 9     
,am]ica1 :at advantages !y _h ga9$ by   
emigration1 & h[  f> !y _h reta9$ &     
c>ri$ out 9 _! new c\ntry !  ,*ri/ian   
traditions ( ! old4 ,he accord+ly visit$
 ,am]ica1  avail+ himself ( ! int]val   
betwe5 ! sessions (  p>liam5t1 &1 9 s f>
 z 8 limit$ "t p]mitt$1 took  p]sonal   
obs]vations on ! /ate ( ! ,iri% 9       
,am]ica4 ,!  book be=e u is ! result (  
^! obs]vations4    ,9 ! ma91 ,mr4       
,maguire has giv5 8 read]s a fair &     
correct  view ( 8 subject1 va/ &        
compreh5sive z x is2 he has  tak5 pa9s  
to f9d out ! exact condition ( ! p ( :om
  he writes1 9 ! new home across ! wave 
to :i* !y h  c>ri$ _! brok5 =tunes z a  
race4 ,! op5+ p>agraph (  ! fir/ *apt]  

is well adapt$ to int]e/ ! g5]al read]4 
,x is z foll[s3      ,cross+ !          
,atlantic1 & l&+ at any city ( !        
,am]ican    seabo>d1 "o is enabl$1 almo/
 at a glance1 to recognize !    m>k$    
diff]5ce betwe5 ! position ( ! ,iri%    
race 9 !    old c\ntry & 9 ! new4 ,nor  
is ! condition ( ! ,iri%    at bo? sides
 ( ! ocean m m>k$ 9 its dissimil>ity    
?an are ! circum/ances & *>act]i/ics ( !
 c\ntry    f :i* !y emigrat$ & ! c\ntry 
to :i* !y h    come4  #gff    ,9 ! old  
c\ntry1 /agnation1 retrogression1 if n  
actual    decay--9 ! new1 life1 movem5t1
 progress2 9 ! "o    oppression1 want ( 
confid5ce1 d>k appreh5sion ( !          
future--9 ! o!r1 en]gy1 self-reliance1 &
 a p]petual    look+ =w>d to a gr&]     
developm5t & a m glori\s    de/9y4 ,t ! 
tone ( ! public m9d ( ,am]ica %\ld be   
self-reliant & ev5 boa/ful1 is natural 9
 a c\ntry (    brief b pregnant         
hi/ory--a c\ntry /ill 9 its infancy1    
:5 comp>$ ) ,european /ates1 b possess+1
 9 !    fulle/ s5se1 ! /r5g? & vigor (  

manhood--manhood 9    all its fre%ness (
 y\? & buoyancy ( hope4 ,9 su* a        
c\ntry man is mo/ consci\s ( 8 value3 he
 is ! ar*itect    ( 8 c\ntry's          
greatness1 ! au?or ( h] civilization1 ! 
miracle-work] by :om all has be5 or c be
 accompli%$4    ,:]e a few ye>s s9ce a  
=e/ wav$ 9 m\rnful gr&eur1    !re are   
cultivat$ fields1 bloom+ or*>ds1        
com=table    home/eads1 *e]ful          
hamlets--*ur*es1 s*ools1 civilization2  
:]e b ! o!r day a few huts /ood on !    
riv]'s bank1    by ! %ore ( a lake1 or  
on "s e/u>y ( ! sea1 swell+    domes &  
l(ty spires & broad porticoes n[ meet ! 
eye2    & ! wat]s b rec5tly skimm$ by ! 
light b>k ( !    ,indian are pl\gh$ into
 foam by c\ntless /eam]s4 ,& !    same  
man :o p]=m$ ^! miracles ( a few ye>s   
s9ce--(    ye/]day--has ! same p[] (    
to-morr[ a*iev+ ! same    wondr\s       
results ( pati5ce & en]gy1 c\rage &     
skill4 ,b    = him1 & 8 h&s to toil & 8 
bra9s to plan1 ! va/    c\ntry ^:       
comm]ce is on e sea1 & ^: influ5ce is   

felt 9 e c\rt1 w\ld be /ill ! abode (   
savage tribes1    dwell+ 9 p]petual     
conflict1 & /eep$ 9 ! grosse/           
ignorance4 ,labor is ?us a ?+ to be     
honor$1 n a badge (    inf]iority4      
,mr4 ,maguire comm5ces 8 ,am]ican t\r at
 ,halifax1 :i*1  he says1 an en?usia/ic 
,hib]nian once describ$ z '! :>f  ( !   
,atlantic4' ,he f9ds t1 9 t city1 &     
inde$1  ?r\gh\t ! prov9ces g5]ally1 !   
,iri% =m an important  & influ5tial     
elem5t 9 ! population4 ,( ,halifax he   
says 9  p>ticul>3      ,?is ,iri% elem5t
 is ev]y:]e disc]nible2 9 e             
description ( bus9ess & 9 all bran*es ( 
indu/ry1 9    e class & 9 e condition ( 
life1 f ! highe/ to    ! l[e/4 ,!re are 
9 o!r cities l>g] masses ( ,iri%1    "s 
9 :i* !y are five times & ev5 t5 times z
    num]\s z ! :ole population (        
,halifax2 b x may be    d\bt$ if !re are
 _m cities ( ! entire cont95t (         
,am]ica 9 :i* !y af=d !mselves full]    
play = !    ex]cise ( _! high] qualities
 ?an 9 ! capital ( ,nova    ,scotia1 :]e

 _! moral wor? keeps pace ) _! mat]ial  
prosp]ity4--,p4 #c4    ,speak+ ( !      
progress ( ! fai? 9 ,nova ,scotia1 & ( !
  ardu\s labors ( ! devot$ mission>ies (
 ye>s pa/ &  pres5t1 our au?or relates  
"s facts t w no d\bt  a/oni% 8 ,european
 read]s4 ,9 ,am]ica !y are nei!r new    
nor /range2 = :at is told ( ,nova       
,scotia ei!r applies1 or  has appli$1 )9
 ! memory ( "s liv+1 9 a great] or  less
 degree1 to e "p ( ! new _w4      ,)9 ! 
la/ t5 ye>s a ,nova ,scotia prie/ has   
dis*>g$    ! duties ( a di/rict ext5d+  
consid]ably ov] "o    hundr$ miles 9    
l5g?2 & :ile ,i 0 9 ,halifax1 !         
ar*bi%op appo9t$ a cl]gyman to ! *>ge ( 
a mission    :i* w\ld necessitate 8 mak+
 j\rneys ( m ?an t    _m miles 9 ext5t4 
,& :5 a mission>y prie/1 9 #ahdb1    !  
ar*bi%op w\ld make a ?ree mon?s' t\r f  
,halifax to    ,d>tm\?1 a di/ance1 go+ &
 return+1 ( #dej miles2 &    w\ld       
frequ5tly div]ge t5 or ev5 tw5ty miles f
 ! ma9    l9e into ! bu% on ei!r side1  
?us do+ duty = a    population ( #aj1jjj

 ,ca?olics :o _h no spiritual res\rce   
save 9 him & a decrepit fell[-labor] on 
! br9k ( !    grave4      ,x is n ?ree  
ye>s s9ce a "y ,iri% prie/1 !n 9 !      
fir/ ye> ( 8 mission1 receiv$ :at1 to   
him1 0 lit]ally    a dea?-summons4 ,he 0
 ly+ ill 9 b$ :5 ! 'sick call'    rea*$ 
8 h\se1 ! pa/or ( ! di/rict be+ abs5t4  
,!    poor "y man did n hesitate a      
mom5t2 no matt] :at !    consequ5ce to  
himself1 ! dy+ ,ca?olic %\ld n be    )\t
 ! consolations ( religion4 ,to ! dismay
 ( ^?    :o knew ( 8 int5tion1 & :o     
remon/rat$ 9 va9 aga9/    :at to !m     
appe>$ to be an act ( insanity1 he />t$ 
on    8 j\rney1 a di/ance ( ?irty-six   
miles1 :i* he    accompli%$ on foot1 9 !
 mid/ ( incessant ra94  #gfg    ,x is n 
possible to tell h[ (t5 he paus$        
involunt>ily on    t t]rible m>*1 or h[ 
he reel$ & /agg]$ z he    approa*$ its  
t]m9ation2 b ?is mu* is well asc]ta9$-- 
t sc>cely _h he rea*$ ! sick man's b$1 &
 p]=m$    ! functions ( 8 m9i/ry1 :5 he 
0 consci\s ( 8 own    approa*+          

dissolution2 & !re be+ no bro!r prie/ to
    m9i/] to him 9 8 la/ h\r1 he        
adm9i/]$ ! viaticum    to himself1 & di$
 on ! floor ( :at 0 !n1 inde$1 a        
*amb] ( dea?4 ,"h 0 a glori\s end+ ( a  
life only    well begun4      ,b]muda is
 includ$ )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,ar*bi%op
    ( ,halifax1 & to ?is fact is ow+ "o 
( ! mo/    extraord9>y in/ances ( a     
'sick call' on record4 ,a ,ca?olic      
lady 9 ,b]muda 0 dy+ ( a l+]+ disease1 &
 kn[+    t fur!r delay might be att5d$ )
 consequ5ces :i*    %e reg>d$ z worse   
?an dea?1 %e avail$ h]self ( !          
opportunity ( a vessel !n ab\t to sail =
 ,halifax to s5d    = a cl]gyman ( t    
city4 ,! day ! message 0 deliv]$    to !
 cl]gyman1 a vessel 0 to sail f ,halifax
 to ,b]muda1    & he w5t on bo>d at     
once1 arriv$ 9 due c\rse at !    latt]  
place1 f\nd ! dy+ lady /ill alive1      
adm9i/]$ to    h] ! rites ( ! *ur*1 &   
return$ z soon z possible    to 8 duties
 9 ,halifax2 hav+1 9 ob$i5ce to ?is     
rem>kable 'sick call1 'accompli%$ a     

j\rney ( #afjj    miles4--,p4 #af4    ,n
 q s int]e/+ z ?is is ! some:at prolix  
acc\nt  ,mr4 ,maguire gives ( 8 visit to
 ,pict\1 ,n4 ,s41 :]e he took  passage =
 ,pr9ce ,edw>d's ,isl&4 ,we d n ?9k 8   
read]s  w\ld h su/a9$ any loss by 8     
omission ( sev]al pages 9  :i* a c]ta9  
,pet]1 resid5t 9 ^? p>ts1 act$ z 8      
cic]one4 ,pet] may h int]e/$ ,mr4       
,maguire1 b he  w n int]e/ 8 read]s4    
,!re is "o p>agraph1 h[ev]1  9          
connection ) ! visit to ,pr9ce ,edw>d's 
,isl& t we  may n pass ov] "h1 = !      
reason t x1 too1 is (  g5]al            
application4 ,mr4 ,maguire is speak+ (  
,/4 ,dun/an's  ,college 9 ,*>lottet[n3  
,?is college is suppli$ ) e mod]n       
requirem5t &    appliance1 & is "u !    
able presid5cy ( ! ,rev4 ,angus         
,mc,donald1 a man well qualifi$ = 8     
important task1 &    ^: title ( ',fa!r  
,angus' is z affectionately pron\nc$    
by ! mo/ ,iri% ( ! ,iri% z if x 7 ',fa!r
 ,l>ry1' or    ',fa!r ,pat4' ,! ,iri%   
love _! own prie/s2 b let !    prie/ (  

any o!r nationality--,engli%1 ,scot*1   
,fr5*1    ,belgian1 or ,am]ican--only   
exhibit sympa?y ) !m1 or treat    !m )  
k9dness & affection1 & at once he is z  
?or\ghly '_! prie/' z if he _h be5 born 
on ! banks    ( ! ,boyne or ! ,%annon4  
',fa!r ,dan' ,mc,donald1 !              
vic>-g5]al1 is a /rik+ in/ance ( !      
atta*m5t borne    by an ,iri%           
congregation to a good & k9dly prie/2 & 
,i n[    ! m dwell on ?is ?or\gh fusion 
( prie/ & p 9    love & sympa?y1 because
 ( hav+ witness$ ) pa9 &    sorr[ !     
injuri\s results1 alike to my c\ntrym5 &
 to !    *ur*1 ( =c+ ^u almo/           
exclusively ,iri% congregations         
cl]gym5 :o1 f _! imp]fect k ( ! ,iri%   
tongue1 c\ld n = a long "t make !mselves
 und]/ood by    ^? ov] :om x 0 ess5tial 
!y %\ld acquire a    b5eficial          
influ5ce4--,pp4 #df1 #dg4    ,v int]e/+ 
is our au?or's acc\nt ( ! ,iri%         
settlem5ts  9 ,pr9ce ,edw>d's ,isl& &   
,new ,brunswick2 "o ( ! latt]1          
,johnville1 comm5c$ )9 a few ye>s1 "u ! 

auspices (  ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,swe5y1      
,bi%op ( ,new ,brunswick1 furni%es a    
/rik+ pro( ( ! advantages to be ga9$ by 
settl+ on !  l&1 in/ead ( congregat+ 9 !
 ov]-cr[d$ cities4 ,!  b5efic5t effect  
on _! morals1 ! cultivation ( k9d  feel+
 & frat]nal *>ity among/ ! settl]s by ! 
=mation ( ^! rural colonies is happily  
describ$ 9 !  foll[+ passage3      ,!   
settl]s ( ,johnville are inv>iably k9d  
to ea* o!r1    freely l5d+ to a neighbor
 ! aid :i* !y may h !    next day to    
solicit = !mselves4 ,by ?is mutual &    
ungrudg+ assi/ance1 ! con/ruction ( a   
dwell+1 or !    roll+ ( logs & pil+ !m 9
 a heap = future burn+1    has be5      
quickly & easily accompli%$2 & crops h  
be5    cut & ga!r$ 9 safety1 :i*1 )\t   
su* neighborly aid1    might h be5      
irrecov]ably lo/4 ,?is necess>y dep5d5ce
    on ea* o!r = mutual help 9 ! h\r (  
difficulty draws    ! scatt]$ settl]s   
toge!r by ties ( sympa?y &    fri5d%ip2 
& :ile none envy ! progress ( a         
neighbor1    ^: success is r a subject =

 g5]al congratulation1    ! affliction (
 "o ( ^! humble families br+s a common  
sorr[ to e home4  #gfh    ,i witness$ a 
t\*+ illu/ration ( ?is frat]nal &       
,*ri/ian sympa?y4 ,ev5 9 ! he>t ( !     
primitive =e/    we h sickness1 & dea?1 
& fr5zi$ grief1 j z 9    cities )       
hi/ories t g back a ?\s& ye>s4 ,a few   
days    previ\s to my visit a poor fell[
 _h become mad1 8 insanity    be+       
attribut$ to ! loss ( 8 "y wife1 ^: dea?
    left him a despair+ wid[] ) f\r     
infant *ildr54 ,he _h    j be5 convey$  
to ! lunatic asylum1 & 8 orphans 7      
already tak5 by ! neighbors1 & made "p (
 _!    families4--,p4 #fh4    ,on our   
return to ,/4 ,john1 says ,mr4 ,maguire1
 we met !  po/ma/]-g5]al--a             
,scot*man--:o _h rec5tly paid an        
(ficial visit to ! settlem5t2 & he 0 l\d
 9 !  expression ( 8 a/oni%m5t at !     
progress :i* ! p  _h made 9 s %ort a "t1
 & at ! unmi/akable evid5ces (  com=t he
 beheld 9 e direction4 ,! settlem5t (   
,johnville1 he goes on1 is b "o ( f\r   

:i* ,dr4 ,swe5y has  e/abli%$ )9 a rec5t
 "t4 ,he has ?us succe$$ 9  e/abli%+1 z 
settl]s1 betwe5 #gjj & #hjj families1   
or1 at  an av]age ( five p]sons to ea*  
family1 betwe5 #cejj & #djjj            
individuals4    ,?is "o fact %[s :at    
might be done 9 t way = ! social  &     
moral improvem5t ( _m1 _m ?\s&s ( !     
,iri% 9  ,am]ica1 :o ne$ "s favorable   
*ange 9 _! condition1 if  !y are to be  
sav$ f total de/ruction4 ,if ! va/      
sup]flu\s populations ( ! cities c\ld   
only be induc$ to  scatt] abroad ?r\gh !
 rural di/ricts1 & "w z labor]s  until  
!y c\ld af=d to pur*ase l&1 mu* mis]y & 
degradation w\ld be avoid$4 ,! ,iri% are
 *iefly an  agricultural p at home2 :y w
 !y n und]/& t  ^? :o 7 f>m]s or labor]s
 9 ! old c\ntry w\ld be  mo/ likely to  
succe$ by foll[+ ! same pursuits "h8    
,all  ! portions ( ,mr4 ,maguire's book 
relat+ to ^! ,iri%  settlem5ts are bo?  
useful & int]e/+4 ,( ! progress (  !    
,iri% & _! *]i%$ fai? 9 ,/4 ,john's1 !  
capital (  ,new ,brunswick1 our au?or   

says3      ,=ty ye>s s9ce1 an ord9>y    
room w\ld h af=d$    suffici5t          
accommodation to ! ,ca?olic wor%ipp]s ( 
t    day3 n[ congregations ( two ?\s& or
 ?ree ?\s& p\r    out on ,sundays &     
holidays ?r\gh ! sculptur$ portals (    
! ,*ur* ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,on
 ,all ,sa9ts' ,day ,i    beheld su* a   
congregation issu+ f an e>ly mass1 fill+
    ! /reet 9 front ( ! spl5did build+2 
& f !    appe>ance ( ! ?\s&s (          
well-dress$1    respectable-look+ p1 :o 
pass$ be=e me1 ,i c\ld    appreciate n  
only ! mat]ial progress ( ! ,iri% 9 ,/4 
,john1 b ! m>vell\s developm5t ( !      
,ca?olic ,*ur* 9    t city4--,p4 #hi4   
,pass+ on into ! ,canadas1 ,mr4 ,maguire
 f9ds ! ,iri%  occupy+ z prom95t a      
position z 9 any ( ! ,l[]  ,prov9ces4   
,ent]+ ,canada at ,quebec1 he says1 !   
pres5ce (  a /rong & ev5 influ5tial     
,iri% elem5t is at once  obs]vable4 ,9 !
 /aple indu/ry ( ?is f9e old city--!    
lumb] trade--! ,iri% take a prom95t "p4 
4 4 4 ,x is  pleasant to he> t n only   

are ! ,iri% 9 ,quebec1 &  inde$ along ! 
,/4 ,lawr5ce1 among ! mo/ indu/ri\s &   
en]getic portion ( ! population1 b t !y 
are ?rifty  & sav+1 & h acquir$         
consid]able prop]ty4 ,?us1 along  !     
h>bor1 f ! ,*ampla9 m>ket we/w>d to !   
limits (  ! city1 an ext5t ( two miles1 
! prop]ty1 includ+  :>ves1 w>eh\ses1 &  
dwell+-h\ses1 belongs pr9cipally to  !  
,iri%1 :o =m ! bulk ( ! population 9 t  
qu>t]4  ,& by ,iri% ,i "h mean ,ca?olic 
,iri%4    ,foll[+ ! c\rse ( ! ,/4       
,lawr5ce1 he rea*es ,montreal1  & he ?us
 describes ! position ( ! ,iri% !re3    
#gfi      ,9 no "p ( ! ,briti% ,prov9ces
 ( ,nor? ,am]ica does !    ,ca?olic     
,iri%man feel himself s ?or\ghly at home
 z 9 !    beautiful & fl\ri%+ city (    
,montreal4 ,he is 9 a ,ca?olic    city1 
:]e 8 religion is respect$1 & 8 *ur* is 
surr\nd$ ) dignity & spl5dor4 ,9 :i*ev] 
direction he    turns1 he beholds "s    
magnific5t temple--"s college1 or       
conv5t1 or hospital--ev]y:]e ! cross1   
:e!r re>$    al(t on ! spire ( a noble  

*ur*1 or on ! por* or gable    ( an     
asylum or a s*ool4 ,9 fact1 ! atmosph]e 
he brea!s    is ,ca?olic4 ,!re=e he f9ds
 himself at home 9 ! ?riv+    comm]cial 
capital ( ,l[] ,canada4 ,9 no "p ( ! _w 
is    he m p]fectly free & indep5d5t ?an
 9 ?is prosp]\s    seat ( indu/ry &     
ent]prise1 9 :i*1 x may be rem>k$1      
!re is m app>5t life & en]gy ?an 9 any  
o!r    portion ( ! ,briti% ,prov9ces4 ,x
 is n1 !n1 to be    wond]$ at t !       
,ca?olic ,iri% are equal 9 numb] to !   
entire ( ! ,engli%-speak+ ,prote/ant    
population1 includ+    ,engli%1 ,scot*1 
& ,iri%4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! ,iri%        
,ca?olics are n[ n less ?an ?irty ?\s&4 
,( ^! a    l>ge proportion necess>ily   
belong to ! work+ classes1 &    f9d     
employm5t 9 v>i\s bran*es ( local       
indu/ry4 ,_!    increase has be5 rapid &
 /rik+4 ,fifty ye>s s9ce1 !re    7 n    
fifty ,iri% ,ca?olic families 9         
,montreal4 ,x is ab\t    t "t s9ce ,fa!r
 ,ri*>ds1 an ,am]ican1 took compassion  
^u ! h&ful ( exiles :o 7 !n fri5dless & 

unkn[n1 & ga!r$ !m into a small sacri/y 
atta*$ to    "o ( ! m9or *ur*es1 to     
speak to !m 9 a language :i*    !y      
und]/ood4 ,9 ?irty ye>s aft]w>d _! numb]
 _h    increas$ to eight ?\s&1 & n[ !y  
are n "u ?irty    ?\s&4--,p4 #if4       
,mu* m ?an he has said1 ,mr4 ,maguire   
might h said ab\t !  ,iri% 9 ,montreal1 
& ! positions ( honor & emolum5t to  :i*
 _m ( !m h atta9$4 ,( ! city itself1 he 
digresses to speak z foll[s3      ,x is 
=eign to ! purpose ( ?is book to        
describe !    public in/itutions &      
build+s ( any place2 b ,i _c    refra9 f
 express+ my admiration ( ,montreal1 :i*
 is 9    e respect wor?y ( its high     
reputation4 ,x has an air at    once    
elegant & solid1 _m ( its /reets spaci\s
 & alive    ) traffic & bu/le1 its      
places ( do+ bus9ess    sub/antial &    
h&some2 its public build+s really       
impos+1    & its *ur*es g5]ally spl5did1
 & n a few ( !m    positively sup]b4    
,?is description ( ! *ur*es ( ,montreal 
is n limit$ to ! ,jesuits' ,*ur*1 !     

/ately    ,p>oisse1 & ! gr& *ur* ( ,/4  
,patrick1 ( :i*    ! ,iri% are des]v$ly 
pr\d2 x applies ) equal propriety    to 
! ,episcopalian ,ca!dral1 & m ?an "o    
*ur*    belong+ to ! diss5t+ bodies4    
,montreal is ri* 9 all    k9ds (        
*>itable1 educational1 & religi\s       
in/itutions2    & su* is ! influ5ce &   
p[] ( ! ,ca?olic elem5t1    t ?is       
beautiful city1 :i* is e day advanc+ 9  
prosp]ity & population1 is naturally    
reg>d$ by !    ,ca?olic ,iri%man z a    
home4 ,! humble man sees 8              
coreligioni/s advanc+ 9 e walk ( life1  
fill+    positions ( di/9ction--honor$ &
 respect$2 &1 in/ead    ( m]e tol]ation 
= 8 fai?1 he witnesses1 9 !             
magnific5t procession ( ,corpus ,*ri/i1 
:i* annually p\rs    its solemn spl5dor 
?r\gh ! /reets1 a spectacle consol+     
alike to 8 religi\s feel+ & 8 p]sonal   
pride4    ,al?\gh x is n exactly g]mane 
to our subject1 we mu/ be  p>don$ = giv+
 9 ?is connection ,mr4 ,maguire's       
obs]vations  on ! admirable sy/em (     

education1 ( :i* ,ca?olic ,l[]  ,canada 
may well be pr\d4      ,education 9 ,l[]
 ,canada is entirely free4 ,ea*         
d5om9ation    enjoys ! mo/ complete     
lib]ty1 !re be+ no compulsion or        
re/riction ( any k9d :atev]4 ,& !       
magnific5t ,laval    ,univ]sity1 s call$
 aft] a ,fr5* bi%op1 enjoys &           
ex]cises e "r & privilege possess$ by ! 
great    univ]sities ( ,engl&4 ,?is     
univ]sity1 :i* is em95tly    ,ca?olic1  
obta9$ a *>t] conf]r+ ^u x all ! p[]s   
t 7 requisite = its fulle/ educational  
developm5t4      ,! rights ( !          
,prote/ant m9ority are protect$ 9 !     
ample/ mann]1 z well by law z by !      
natural t5d5cy &    feel+ ( ! majority2 
= !re are no p m lib]al    & tol]ant1 or
 m av]se to any k9d ( aggression on !   
fai? or op9ions ( o!rs1 ?an ! ,fr5*     
,canadians2 & !    ,iri% ,ca?olics too  
well rememb] ! bitt]ness caus$ by       
religi\s /rife 9 ! old c\ntry1 to desire
 its    introduction1 9 any %ape or =m1 
or "u any guise or    pret5ce1 into _!  

adopt$ home4 ,!re are abundant means (  
education )9 e man's rea*2 & x is 8 own 
fault if    8 *ildr5 d n receive its    
full advantage4  #ggj    ,b ! ,iri%man1 
:atev] may be 8 own defici5cies z to    
e>ly tra9+1 r>ely neglects t ( 8 *ildr52
 & 9    ,canada1 z 9 ! ,/ates1 ! fault  
attribut$ to him is n    t he neglects  
to educate !m at all1 b t he is tempt$  
to educate !m r too highly1 or too      
ambiti\sly1 ?an    o!rwise4--,pp4 #ie1  
#if4    ,foll[+ ! widely-scatt]$ ,iri%  
race along ! riv]s &  ?r\gh ! =e/s ( !  
great nor!rn c\ntries1 ,mr4 ,maguire    
happily describes :at !y h done & are   
do+ 9 ,upp]  ,canada1 z ,prote/ant1     
ne>ly1 z ,l[] ,canada is ,ca?olic4 ,ev5 
!re1 he %[s u1 ,ca?olicity is mak+ z    
rapid progress z 9  any "p ( ,am]ica1 & 
!re1 z 9 _m o!r p>ts ( !  _w1 its       
m>vell\s gr[? corresponds ) t ( ! ,iri% 
race4 ,mr4 ,maguire's acc\nt ( 8 travels
 9 ,upp] or ,we/]n  ,canada is1 inde$1  
highly int]e/+4 ,x 0 8 good =tune to    
meet 9 ,hamilton1 ,c4 ,w41 a well-kn[n &

 mu*-honor$  patri>*-prie/1 ,v ,rev4    
,mr4 ,gordon1 vic>-g5]al ( t  diocese1 f
 :om he obta9$ mu* valuable in=mation   
conc]n+ ! ,iri% ,ca?olic p ( ,we/]n     
,canada4 ,mr4  ,maguire says 9 ?is      
connection3      ,!re is /ill liv+ 9    
,hamilton1 ,we/]n ,canada1 z            
vic>-g5]al ( ! diocese1 an ,iri%        
prie/--,fa!r ,gordon1    f ,wex=d--:o   
has witness$ a/oni%+ *anges 9 8    "t4  
,he has se5 ! city f\nd$1 & ! t[n spr+  
up1 !    =e/ cle>$1 & ! settlem5t       
creat$2 ! rude log    *apel1 9 :i* a    
h&ful ( ! fai?ful knelt 9 ! mid/    ( a 
wood1 replac$ by ! spaci\s brick *ur* 9 
:i* _m    hundr$s n[ wor%ip4 ,& n only  
has he witness$ a/oni%+    *anges1 b has
 himself done mu* to effect ! *anges :i*
    he has liv$ to see accompli%$4 444  
,fa!r ,gordon _h *>ge    ( ! back       
t[n%ips1 tw5ty-f\r 9 numb]4 ,we mu/     
appreciate ! ext5t ( 8 spiritual        
jurisdiction :5 we    le>n t a t[n%ip   
compris$ an area ( twelve miles squ>e   
& ,fa!r ,gordon _h to att5d tw5ty-f\r ( 

^!4 444    ,fa!r ,gordon sp5t half 8 "t 
9 ! saddle2 & ?\gh he    sp>$ nei!r     
himself nor 8 horse--b himself mu* less 
?an 8 horse--x 0 ) ! utmo/ difficulty t 
he c\ld    visit ! m di/ant portions ( 8
 mission (t5] ?an    twice or ?rice a   
ye>2 _m a "t did ! active mission>y     
lose 8 way 9 ! mid/ ( ! woods1 & aft]   
h\rs (    we>y rid+ f9d himself1 9 !    
dusk ( ! ev5+1 9 !    v same spot f :i* 
he set out 9 ! morn+6--,pp4 #aab1       
#aag4    ,"s ( ,fa!r ,gordon's e>ly     
adv5tures 9 ! wild ,canadian  =e/s1 are 
extremely int]e/+1 b = !m we mu/ ref]  !
 read] to ! book itself4 ,fa!r ,edw>d   
,gordon is ne>ly !  la/ ( ! noble b& (  
,iri% mission>ies :o w5t to ^?  remote  
regions ) ! fir/ in/alm5ts ( ! ,iri%    
exodus  t rea*$ !re4 ,ano!r1 8 fri5d &  
fell[-labor]1 ,v  ,rev4 ,mr4 ,mc,donagh1
 di$ b a ye> or two ago at ,p]?1 9 !    
diocese ( ,k+/on1 ( :i* diocese he 0    
vic>-g5]al4 ,a  ?ird1 if we mi/ake n1 is
 /ill liv+1 namely1 ,fa!r  ,br5nan1 (   
,bellville1 ,c4 ,w4 ,^! are ! m5 :o laid

 !  f\ndations ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 9 ^?  
p>ts ( ,upp]  ,canada4 ,9 ! ,scot*      
settlem5ts f>!r ea/1 !re are /ill a  v  
few ( ! old ,scot* mission>ies rema9+1  
*iefly  ,mc,donalds4 ,"o ( ! mo/        
?rill+ly int]e/+ portions (  ! book is t
 devot$ to ! acc\nt ( ! t]rible         
%ip-fev] br\ght to ,canada by ! ,iri%   
emigrants 9 !  ev]-memorable ye>s (     
#ahdg-h4 ,our au?or's description ( its 
ravages at ,grosse ,isle1 ! qu>ant9e    
/ation ( ,quebec1 at  ,po9t ,/4 ,*>les1 
,montreal1 & 9 ! cities ( ,upp] ,canada1
  is ( deep & pa9ful int]e/4 ,! adoption
 ( ! orphan  *ildr5 ( ! poor ,iri%      
emigrants--( :om twelve ?\s&  p]i%$ at  
,grosse ,isle alone--by ! fri5dly ,fr5* 
,canadians1  is beyond expression t\*+4 
,h[ ! good ,canadian prie/s &  bi%ops   
took *>ge1 & induc$ _! p to take *>ge ( 
^! *ildr5 ( ! fai?ful ,ca?olic ,iri%1 z 
!y  expressively call$ ! poor orphans1  
is told by ,mr4 ,maguire )  ! grace ( a 
poet & ! skill ( a dramati/4  #gga  ,yet
 ! picture is no?+ ov]drawn1 z ! writ] (

 ?is1 &  _m o!rs yet liv+1 c be> witness
 f _! own sad  memories ( ^? sorr[ful   
days4    ,outside ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* no   
su* spectacle ( *>ity 0 ev]  se5 z t :i*
 met ! eyes ( ! ,canadian p 9  ,montreal
 & _! o!r cities 9 ^? two disa/r\s ye>s1
  b especially ! fir/4 ,! foll[+ passage
 w give "s  idea ( ! ext5t to :i*       
,*ri/ian h]oism 0 c>ri$ !n  & !re3      
,! horrors ( ,grosse ,isle _h _!        
c\nt]p>t 9 ,montreal4      ,z 9 ,quebec1
 ! mortality 0 great] 9 #ahdg ?an 9 !   
ye> foll[+2 b x 0 n till ! close ( #ahdh
 t !    plague might be said to be      
ext+ui%$1 n )\t fe>ful    sacrifice (   
life4 ,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1     
,augu/1 &    ,septemb]1 ! season :5     
nature we>s h] mo/ glori\s g>b    (     
lovel9ess1 z _m z elev5 hundr$ ( '!     
fai?ful    ,iri%1' z ! ,canadian prie/  
truly describ$ !m1 7 ly+    at "o "t 9 !
 fev]-%$s at ,po9t ,/4 ,*>les1 9 :i*    
r\gh wood5 b$s 7 plac$ 9 r[s1 & s close 
z sc>cely    to admit ( room to pass4 ,9
 ^! mis]able cribs ! pati5ts    lay1    

sometimes two toge!r1 look+1 z a ,si/] (
 ,*>ity    wrote1 'z if !y 7 9 _!       
c(f9s1' f ! box-l    appe>ance ( _!     
wret*$ b$s4 ,?r\gh\t ^? glori\s         
mon?s1 :ile ! sun %one brightly1 & !    
maje/ic riv]    roll$ along 9 gold5     
waves1 hundr$s ( ! poor ,iri% 7    dy+  
daily4 ,! _w outside 0 gay & glad1 b    
dea? 0    riot+ 9 ! fev]-%$s4 ,x 0 a    
mom5t to try ! devotion    :i* religion 
inspires1 to te/ ! c\rage ) :i* x       
animates ! g5tle/ brea/4 ,fir/ came !   
,grey ,nuns1 /rong    9 love & fai?2 b s
 malignant 0 ! disease1 t    ?irty ( _! 
numb] 7 /rick5 d[n1 & ?irte5 di$    !   
dea? ( m>tyrs4 ,!re 0 no falt]+1 no     
hold+ back2    no soon] 7 ! ranks ?9n$  
by dea? ?an ! gaps 7    quickly fill$2 &
 :5 ! ,grey ,nuns 7 driv5 to ! la/      
extremity1 ! ,si/]s ( ,provid5ce came to
 _! assi/ance1    & took _! place by !  
side ( ! dy+ /rang]s4 ,b    :5 ev5 _!   
aid did n suffice to meet ! em]g5cy1 !  
,si/]s ( ,/4 ,joseph1 ?\gh cloi/]$ nuns1
 receiv$ !    p]mission ( ! bi%op to %>e

 ) _! si/] religi\s    ! h>d%ips &      
dang]s ( labor by day & night4      ',i 
am ! only "o left1' 7 ! ?rill+ words 9  
:i*    ! surviv+ prie/ ann\nc$ f !      
pulpit ! ravages t    ! 'ocean plague'  
_h made 9 ! ranks ( ! cl]gy4 ,) a       
s+le exception1 ! local prie/s 7 ei!r   
sick or dead4    ,eight ( ! numb] fell  
at _! po/s1 true to _! duty4    ,! good 
,bi%op1 ,monseigneur ,b\rget1 !n w5t    
himself1 to    take 8 turn 9 !          
laz>-h\se2 b ! enemy 0 too mighty    = 8
 zeal1 & hav+ rema9$ 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8    
self-impos$ task = a day & a night1 he  
contract$ !    fev]1 & 0 c>ri$ home to a
 sick-b$1 :]e he lay =    weeks1 hov]+  
betwe5 life & dea?1 amid ! te>s &       
pray]s ( 8 p1 to :om ,provid5ce re/or$  
him aft] a    p]iod ( int5se anxiety to 
!m1 & long & we>y suff]+    to him4     
,:5 ! city prie/s 7 f\nd inadequate to !
 dis*>ge    ( _! press+ duties1 ! c\ntry
 prie/s *e]fully    respond$ to ! call (
 _! bi%op1 & came to !    assi/ance ( _!
 bre?r52 & ( ! c\ntry prie/s n a    few 

f\nd ! grave & ! cr[n ( ! m>tyr4--,pp4  
#ade1    #adf1 #adh4    ,aft] a glance  
at ! ,iri% 9 ,newf\ndl&1 :]e1 9         
proportion  to _! numb]s1 & ! ext5t ( ! 
isl&1 !y h done  fully z mu* = _! own   
advancem5t & t ( religion1 z  9 any o!r 
"p ( ,am]ica1 ,mr4 ,maguire1 be=e cross+
 !  great wat]s t sep>ate ,briti%       
,am]ica f ! ,unit$ ,/ates  makes ^!     
p]t95t rem>ks on ! ,iri% exodus g5]ally3
      ,!re are few sadd] episodes 9 !   
hi/ory ( ! _w ?an    ! /ory ( ! ,iri%   
exodus4 ,impell$1 to a c]ta9 degree1    
by a _s ( adv5ture1 b ma9ly driv5 f _!  
native    l& by ! op]ation ( laws :i*1  
if n oppos$ to !    g5ius ( ! p1 7      
unsuit$ to ! special    circum/ances (  
_! c\ntry1 millions ( ! ,iri% race h    
brav$ ! dang]s ( an unkn[n elem5t1 &    
fac$ ! p]ils    ( a new exi/5ce1 9 se>* 
( a home across ! ,atlantic4 ,at        
times1 ?is ,european life-/ream fl[$    
t[>d ! new _w 9    a broad & /eady      
curr5t2 at o!rs1 x assum$ ! "*    ( a   
resi/less ru%1 break+ on ! %ores (      

,am]ica ) s    =midable a tide z to     
baffle e anticipation1 & r5d]    !      
ord9>y means ( humane or sanit>y        
precaution altoge!r    inadequate &     
unavail+4--,p4 #agi    #ggb    ,hav+    
cross$ into ! t]ritory ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 ,mr4  ,maguire v judici\sly     
prefaces 8 acc\nt ( :at he saw  among/ !
 ,iri% !re1 by a long & c>efully writt5 
acc\nt  ( ! dang]s to :i* emigrants & _!
 pockets are expos$  9 ,new ,york1 !    
great c5tre ( emigration4 ,?is is "o ( !
  mo/ useful portions ( ! "w1 & %\ld be 
read1 if  possible1 by e int5d+ emigrant
 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!  great] "p (    
,*apt] ,x4 is devot$ to x1 compris+ "s  
amus+ & *>act]i/ic anecdotes & "s v     
important  directions = ! guidance (    
newly-arriv$ emigrants4    ,mr4 ,maguire
 next turns 8 att5tion to ! t5em5t-h\ses
 (  ,new ,york1 & ! sanit>y condition ( 
_! inhabitants4 ,he  devotes mu* space  
to ?is1 & 8 rem>ks are cle>1 practical1 
& judici\s4 ,he evid5tly exam9$ !       
condition ev5 ( !  poore/ & mo/ wret*$ (

 ! ,iri% 9 ?is metropolis4 ,he  speaks1 
9 ?is connection1 e>ne/ly & feel+ly on !
 great  mi/ake1 ! t]rible mi/ake made by
 ^? emigrants :o1 be+  f>m]s or c\ntry p
 at home1 rema9 huddl$ toge!r 9 !  great
 cities "h1 in/ead ( spread+ abroad ov] 
! f]tile  regions ( ,am]ica1 :]e l& is  
to be _h *eap1 9 "s places  almo/ = !   
ask+4      ,let x n be suppos$ t1 9 my  
e>ne/ desire to direct    ! practical   
att5tion ( my c\ntrym51 at bo? sides ( !
    ,atlantic1 to an evil ( univ]sally  
admitt$ magnitude1 ,i    desire to      
exagg]ate 9 ! lea/4 ,f ! v nature (     
?+s1 ! great cities ( ,am]ica--&1 9 a   
special degree1    ,new ,york--mu/ be ! 
refuge ( ! un=tunate1 ! home (    !     
helpless1 ! hid+-place ( ! brok5-d[n1   
ev5 ( !    crim9al2 & ^!1 :ile cr[d+ !  
dwell+-places ( !    poor1 & /ra9+ !    
res\rces & prey+ on ! *>ity (    _!     
communities1 multiply _! exi/+ evils1 & 
add to    _! vices4 ,/ill1 9 spite ( !  
dang]s & temptations by    :i* !y are   
p]petually surr\nd$--dang]s &           

temptations    spr++ ev5 f ! v fre$om ( 
republican    in/itutions1 no less ?an f
 ! g5]\s social habits (    ! ,am]ican  
p--!re are ?\s&s1 hundr$s (    ?\s&s1 ( 
,iri%-born citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
resid+ 9 ,new ,york & 9 o!r great cities
 ( ! ,union1    :o are1 9 e respect1 !  
equals ( ! be/ ( ,am]ican               
population--honorable & upright 9 _!    
deal+s2    indu/ri\s1 en]getic1 &       
ent]pris+ 9 bus9ess2    intellig5t &    
quick ( capacity2 progressive & g-ahead2
    & z loyally devot$ to ! in/itutions 
( _! adopt$    c\ntry z if !y _h be5    
born "u its flag4 ,nev]!less1    ,i     
repeat ! ass]tion1 ju/ifi$ by innum]able
    au?orities--au?orities beyond !     
fa9te/ %ad[ (    suspicion--t ! city is 
n ! "r place = ! ,iri%    peasant1 & t x
 is ! wor/ place :i* he c\ld select    z
 8 home4--,pp4 #bce-bcf4    ,mr4        
,maguire's limit$ "t did n p]mit him to 
travel mu* 9  ! int]ior ( any ,/ate2 he 
c\ld b visit ! pr9cipal  cities4 ,8     
acc\nt ( ! ,middle1 ,s\!rn1 & great     

,we/]n  ,/ates1 is writt5 9 g5]al t]ms2 
he speaks at "s l5g? (  ! ,iri%         
settlem5ts 9 ! new ,/ates & t]ritories1 
( !  va/ res\rces ( ! c\ntry1 & !       
enorm\s quantity (  public l&s at !     
disposal ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gov]nm5t4    
,aft] describ+ ! progress ( ! ,iri% 9 ! 
,we/ &  ,nor?-we/1 he adds3      ,x is n
 at all necess>y t an ,iri% immigrant   
%\ld g    ,we/1 :atev] & h[ great !     
inducem5ts x (f]s to !    ent]pris+4    
,!re is l& to be _h1 "u c]ta9           
circum/ances & conditions1 9 almo/ e    
,/ate 9 !    ,union4 ,& !re is no ,/ate 
9 :i* ! ,iri% peasant :o is    liv+ f h&
 to m\? 9 "o ( ! great cities z a       
day-labor]1 may n improve 8 condition by
 betak+ himself    to 8 natural &       
legitimate avocation--! cultivation ( ! 
soil4 ,nor is ! va/ region ( ! ,s\?     
unfavorable to !    labori\s & en]getic 
,iri%man4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is no      
portion ( ! ,am]ican cont95t 9 :i* he   
w\ld receive a    m cordial welcome1 or 
meet ) m favorable t]ms4 ,?is    w\ld n 

h be5 s be=e ! w>1 or ! abolition (     
slav]y1 & ! upset ( ! l& sy/em1 :i* 0   
bas$ ^u    ! compulsory labor ( ! negro4
  #ggc    ,be=e ! w>1 ! l& 0 held 9 mass
 by l>ge proprietors1    &1 :atev] its  
quantity1 !re 0 no divid+ or sell+      
x--t is1 will+ly2 =1 :5 l& 0 br\ght to !
 hamm]1    ! conv5i5ce ( ! pur*as] _h to
 be consult$4 ,b !re    0 no volunt>y   
division ( ! soil1 no cutt+ x up into   
p>cels1 to be occupi$ by small          
proprietors4 ,n[1 ! /ate (    ?+s is    
totally diff]5t4--,p4 #beb4    ,our     
au?or seems mu* impress$ ) ! advantages 
(f]$ by  ! magnific5t ,/ate ( ,cali=nia 
to ,iri% emigrants4 ,( x  he says3      
,!re is n a ,/ate 9 ! ,union 9 :i* !    
,iri% h    tak5 deep] & /rong] root1 or 
?riv5 m successfully1    ?an ,cali=nia1 
9 ^: amaz+ progress--mat]ial1 social1   
& intellectual--!y h _h a conspicu\s    
%>e4 ,= ne>ly    tw5ty ye>s pa/1 ?is    
region has be5 associat$ 9 !    popul>  
m9d ) visions ( b\ndless weal? &        
m>vell\s    =tunes2 & x may be int]e/+  

to le>n "u :at    circum/ances ! ,iri%  
became connect$ ) a c\ntry ( su*        
univ]sal repute1 & ( ^: population !y =m
 a mo/    important & valuable          
portion4--,p4 #bfb4    ,mr4 ,maguire    
waxes eloqu5t ov] ! b5efits conf]r$ on 8
  c\ntrym51 9 all ! cities ( ,am]ica1 by
 temp]ance  societies4 ,he deplores1 ov]
 & ov] aga91 ! fatal prop5sity  to      
spiritu\s liquors1 ( :i* he ev]y:]e saw 
lam5table  in/ances among/ 8 c\ntrym5 9 
,am]ica4 ,he says1 9 _m  places1 t dr9k1
 & dr9k alone1 is ! cause :y s _m (  !  
,iri% d n f9d 9 ! new _w t success :i*  
cr[ns  ! ef=ts ( s _m ?\s&s & ev5       
millions ( _! race4  ,dr9k1 accurs$     
dr9k1 he says1 is ! cause :y s _m (  !  
,iri% 9 ,am]ica fail1 & fail mis]ably4  
,on ! o!r  h&1 he saw1 :]ev] he w5t1    
ea/1 we/1 nor?1 & s\?1  t ^? among !m :o
 atta9$ to weal? & position 7  all sob] 
m51 _m ( !m teetotal]s4    ,! love (    
home & k9dr$1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/         
beautiful  z x is "o ( ! /ronge/ traits 
9 ! ,iri% "*1 is  duly not$ by ,mr4     

,maguire z di/+ui%+ !m 9 ,am]ica4 ,!  _m
 & great sacrifices made by ,iri%       
emigrants "h1 &  especially by          
s]vant-girls1 are ?us describ$ by our   
au?or3      ,! great ambition ( ! ,iri% 
girl is to s5d 'some?+' to    h] p1 z   
soon z possible aft] %e has l&$ 9       
,am]ica2 &1 9 innum]able in/ances1 !    
fir/ tid+s (    h] arrival 9 ! new _w   
are accompani$ ) a remittance1    !     
fruits ( h] fir/ e>n+s 9 h] fir/ place4 
,lov+ a    bit ( f9]y de>ly1 %e w       
resolutely %ut h] eyes to !             
attractions ( "s entic+ article ( dress1
 to prove to !    lov$ ones at home t %e
 has n =gott5 !m2 & %e    w risk ! dang]
 ( insuffici5t clo?+1 or boots n    pro(
 aga9/ ra9 or sn[1 r ?an dim9i% ! am\nt 
(    ! little ho>d to :i* %e is weekly  
add+1 & :i* %e    int5ds z a delightful 
surprise to p>5ts :o1 possibly1 did    n
 altoge!r approve ( h] haz>d\s          
ent]prise4 ,to s5d    money to h] p1 %e 
w d5y h]self innoc5t enjoym5ts1         
womanly indulg5ces1 & ! gratifications (

 legitimate    vanity2 & su* is ! g5]\s 
& affectionate nature (    ^! "y girls1 
t !y reg>d ! sacrifices !y make z    !  
mo/ ord9>y matt] 9 ! _w1 = :i* !y m]it  
nei!r praise nor approval4 ,to assi/ _! 
relatives1 :e!r    p>5ts1 or bro!rs &   
si/]s1 is ) !m a matt] (    imp]ative   
duty1 :i* !y d n & _c ?9k (    disobey+1
 & :i*1 on ! contr>y1 !y delight 9      
p]=m+4 ,& ! money de/9$ to t purpose is 
reg>d$    z sacr$1 & mu/ n be div]t$ to 
any object less    wor?y4--,p4 #cae4    
,a v important & deeply int]e/+ portion 
( ,mr4 ,maguire's  book is t :i* treats 
( ! %>e ! ,iri% h _h 9  build+ up &     
su/a9+ ! *ur* 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 all !       
*eck]$ hi/ory ( ! ,iri% race1 !re is no 
page m  glori\s ?an t :i* records _!    
fidelity to ! fai?1 9  =eign l&s z well 
z at home2 _! he>t-w>m atta*m5t to1  &  
pr(\nd rev]5ce =1 _! cl]gy2 ! mighty    
sacrifices  !y make1 & h made to promote
 ! int]e/s ( religion1  & ! important "p
 !y h play$ 9 ! propagation ( !  fai?3  
#ggd      ,x has be5 confid5tly /at$1 t 

! mom5t ! ,iri%    t\* ! free soil (    
,am]ica1 !y lose ! old fai?--t    !re is
 some?+ 9 ! v nature ( republican       
in/itutions fatal to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4   
,admitt+1 z a fact    :i* _c be d5i$1 & 
:i* ,ca?olics are !mselves !    fir/ to 
proclaim1 t !re has be5 "s1 ev5         
consid]able1    fall+ (f f ! *ur*1 & no 
little indiff]5tism1 x    mu/ be        
ackn[l$g$ t !re has be5 less ( bo? ?an1 
f ! circum/ances ( ! c\ntry1 might h be5
    reasonably expect$2 & t ! same      
,iri%1 ^: alleg$    defection en masse  
has be5 ! !me ( ung5]\s    triumph to ^?
 ^: 'wi% 0 fa!r to ! ?\ght1' h    done m
 to develop ! ,*ur*1 & ext5d h] dom9ion 
?r\gh\t ! wide cont95t ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 
?an ev5 !    mo/ devot$ ( ! *ildr5 ( any
 o!r ( ! v>i\s races    :o1 ) !m1 are   
m]g$ 9 ! great ,am]ican nation4 ,?is    
mu* may be freely conc$$ to !m1 ev5 by  
^? :o are mo/    s5sitively & ju/ly pr\d
 ( :at _! own nationality has    done to
 promote ! glory ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*4   
,=tifi$ by    suff]+ & trial at home1 & 

inh]itors ( memories :i*    int5sify    
devotion r ?an weak5 fidelity1 ! ,iri%  
br\ght ) !m a /rong fai?1 ! p[] to resi/
 z well    z ! c\rage to p]sev]e1 & t   
g5]osity ( _s    :i* has ev] prompt$    
mank9d to make l>ge sacrifices =    !   
promotion ( _! religi\s belief4--,p4    
#cdf4    ,9 ord] to give a m correct    
idea to 8 ,european read]s (  ! s]vices 
r5d]$ by ! ,iri% 9 ,am]ica to ! cause ( 
religion1 our au?or gives a             
retrospective view ( ! rise &  progress 
( ,ca?olicity 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is he
 illu/rates  by extracts f ! writ+s &   
correspond5ce ( v>i\s  bi%ops & prie/s (
 ! eld] "t1 & also ! lat]1 &  ) int]e/+ 
data f o!r s\rces4 ,he dwells at "s     
l5g? on ! f\ndation or introduction into
 ^! c\ntries (  ! two great ord]s (     
,*>ity & ,m]cy1 ! "o f\nd$ 9  ,dubl9 by 
,mrs4 ,mc,auley1 ! o!r at ,emmettsburg1 
,m>yl&1 by  ,mrs4 ,seton1 an ,am]ican   
lady & a conv]t4 ,a propos to  ! latt]1 
he relates ! foll[+3      ,x may be     
rem>k$1 t ?is holy woman1 ?is model wife

 &    daught]1 0 deeply impress$ ) !    
religi\s demeanor (    ! poor ,iri%     
emigrants ( t day--! op5+ ( !    pres5t 
c5tury--:o 7 deta9$ 9 qu>ant9e at ,/at5 
,isl&1 & att5d$ by h] fa!r1 z ,heal?    
,physician to !    port ( ,new ,york4   
',! fir/ ?+1' %e says1 '^! poor    p    
did1 :5 !y got _! t5ts1 0 to assemble on
 !    grass1 & all kneel+1 ador$ our    
,mak] = 8 m]cy2 &    e morn+ sun f9ds !m
 repeat+ _! praises4' ,!    sc5es !n    
witness$ at ,/at5 ,isl& rem9d "o ( ^?   
:i* 7 s fatally frequ5t 9 subsequ5t     
ye>s4 ,ev5 at    t "t--#ahjj1 & ! ye>s  
foll[+--l>ge numb]s (    emigrants      
arriv$ at ! port ( ,new ,york1 suff]+ f 
!    dreadful sc\rge ( fev]1 s calamit\s
 to ! ,iri%    race4--,p4 #cfc4    ,=   
all t relates to ! illu/ri\s prelates1  
,bi%op ,engl&  & ,ar*bi%op ,hughes1 _!  
lives & _! works1 we mu/ ref]  ! read]  
to ! book itself4 ,an anecdote1 9 :i*   
,bi%op  ,engl& & "o ( 8 zeal\s prie/s 7 
actors1 w be f\nd  peculi>ly int]e/+3   
,"o ev5+ ! bi%op1 :o 0 on ?is occasion  

accompani$    by "o ( 8 few             
prie/s--,fa!r ,o',neill2 x ne$ sc>cely  
be    add$1 a c\ntryman ( 8 own--drew up
 at a h\se ( r    mod]ate dim5sions1 ^: 
ma/] 0 a m>k$ specim5 ( !    species    
surly4 ,negotiations 7 ent]$ into = a   
d9n]1    :i* ! lib]al ho/ 0 will+ to    
give on c]ta9    conditions1 some:at    
exorbitant 9 _! nature2 b !re 0    to be
 no fur!r accommodation4 ',y _c /op !   
night1    noh[1' said ! agreeable own] (
 ! mansion2 & 8 look    ( dogg$ dislike 
0 q z emphatic z 8 words4 ,aft]    d9n]1
 ,dr4 ,engl& sat on a *air 9 ! piazza1 &
 read 8    '(fice2' :ile ,fa!r          
,o',neill1 hav+ no desire to enjoy !    
company ( 8 unwill+ ent]ta9]1 saunt]$   
t[>d !    c>riage1 a little di/ance (f1 
:]e ! boy 0 fe$+ !    horses2 & tak+ 8  
flute f 8 portmanteau1 he sat on a      
log1 & comm5c$ 8 favorite air1 ',! ,la/ 
,rose ( ,summ]1'    into :i* he seem$ to
 brea! ! v s\l ( t5d]ness4  #gge    ,f  
"o exquisite melody to ano!r ! play]    
w&]$1 :ile    ! negro boy gr9n$ )       

delight1 & ! horses enjoy$    _! food ) 
a ke5] reli%4 ,t        ',music ha? *>ms
 to soo! ! savage brea/1'      0 "h     
exemplifi$4 ,z ! sweet notes /ole on !  
s(t    night air ( ! ,s\?1 & rea*$ !    
inhospitable mansion1 a    head 0 eag]ly
 ?ru/ =?1 & ! project+ e>s !re(         
appe>$ eag]ly to dr9k 9 ! flood (       
melody4 ,ano!r    lovely air1 "o ( ^?   
:i* br+ involunt>y te>s to !    eyes1 & 
fill ! he>t ) balm1 0 play$ ) l+]+      
sweetness1 :5 a voice1 husky ) emotion1 
0 he>d utt]+    ^! words1 ',/rang]s6    
don't g6 d /ay all night6 don't g2      
we'll fix y someh[4' ,x 0 ! voice ( !   
*>m$ ho/6    ,t ev5+ ! two gue/s enjoy$ 
! snugge/ seats at !    he>?1 ,fa!r     
,o',neill play+ = ! family till a late  
h\r4    ,next morn+ ! ma/] ( ! h\se w\ld
 n accept ( !    lea/ comp5sation4 ',no1
 no1 bi%op6 no1 no1 ,mr4 ,o',neill6 n a 
c5t6 ,y're he>tily welcome to x4 ,come z
 (t5 z y    please1 & /ay z long z y c4 
,we'll be always glad to    see y2 b1'  
specially address+ ,fa!r ,o',neill1 'be 

sure    & don't =get ! flute6'--,p4     
#cbc4    ,mr4 ,maguire's acc\nt ( !     
,iri% 9 ! late civil w> is long  &      
int]e/+4 ,he tells _m int]e/+ anecdotes 
( _!  h]oism1 _! fidelity to _! flag1   
:e!r ,conf$]ate or  ,f$]al1 & also ( !  
influ5ce !y1 _! religion1 & its  m9i/]s 
ex]cis$ on ! non-,ca?olics ) :om !y 7   
br\ght 9 imm$iate contact4 ,"h are "o or
 two extracts3      ,a ,s\!rn g5]al said
 to me1 ',! w> has worn away _m a       
prejudice aga9/ ,ca?olics1 su* 0 !      
exempl>y conduct (    ! prie/s 9 ! camp 
& ! hospital1 & ! ,*ri/ian    attitude (
 ! *ur* dur+ ! :ole ( ! /ruggle4 ,_m    
k9d & g5]\s acts 7 done by ! prie/s to  
p]secut$    ladies1 :o n[ tell )        
gratitude ( _! s]vices4 ,:]ev]    an    
asylum 0 requir$1 !y f\nd x = !m4 ,i wi%
 all    m9i/]s _h be5 l ! prie/s1 & we  
might nev] h    _h ?is w>1 or x w\ld n h
 be5 s bitt] z x    04'--,p4 #dhj4      
,exce$+ly honorable to ! ,iri% soldi]s (
 ! ,union is !  foll[+ te/imony3      ,!
 ,iri% display$ a /ill nobl] quality ?an

 c\rage1    ?\gh !irs 0 ( ! mo/ exalt$  
nature2 !y display$    magnanimity1     
g5]osity--,*ri/ian *ivalry4 ,f "o end ( 
! ,s\? to ! o!r1 ev5 :]e ! feel+ 0 yet  
sore1    & ! w\nd ( defeat /ill rankl$ 9
 ! brea/1 !re 0    no ang] aga9/ ! ,iri%
 soldi]s ( ! ,union4 ,:5ev] !    feeble 
or ! def5celess requir$ a protector1 or 
woman a    *ampion1 or an endang]$ *ur* 
a def5d]1 ! protector1    ! *ampion1 & !
 def5d] 7 to be f\nd 9 !    ,iri%man1 :o
 f\ght = a pr9ciple1 n = v5geance or    
desolation4 ,! evil de$s1 ! nameless    
horrors1 p]petrat$    9 ! fury ( passion
 & 9 ! lic5se ( victory :atev]    ^! 71 
!y are n laid at ! door ( ! ,iri%4 ,on !
    contr>y1 f e qu>t] are to be he>d   
praises ( !    ,iri% = _! =be>ance1 _!  
gallantry1 &    *ivalry--?an :i* no ^w m
 fitly repres5ts _!    be>+ at a "t :5  
wanton outrages & ! mo/ horrible        
cruelties 7 too frequ5tly excus$ or     
palliat$ on !    absolv+ plea ( /]n     
necessity4--,pp4 #eeb1 #eec4    ,( !    
,philadelphia riots & *ur*-burn+1 & ( ! 

memorable /ruggle = ! fre$om ( ,ca?olic 
education 9 ,new  ,york1 ,mr4 ,maguire  
gives int]e/+ acc\nts4 ,f ?is portion  (
 ! "w we select ! foll[+4 ,! au?or has  
be5 speak+  ( ! b5efic5t effects ex]cis$
 by conv5t s*ools2 he goes  on to say3  
,:at is true ( conv5t s*ools is equally 
true ( s*ools &    colleges "u ! c>e ( !
 great educational    ord]s--,jesuits1  
,sulpicians1 ,v9c5tians1 ,r$emptori/s1  
,bro!rs & ,si/]s ( ! ,holy ,cross1      
,*ri/ian ,bro!rs1    ,franciscans1 &    
o!rs4--,p4 #ejd4    ,:5 ,mr4 ,maguire   
comes to speak ( ! ,f5ians1 he g5]ally  
takes a fair & imp>tial view ( !        
subject4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1  object 9 toto 
to "o rem>k ( 84 ,he says1 on page #eib3
      ,s f> z ,i h be5 able to le>n1 my 
belief is1 t among    ! ,f5ians 9 almo/ 
e ,/ate ( ! ,union !re are _m    ?\s&s (
 ! v cream ( ! ,iri% population4    #ggf
    ,s f> is ?is f be+ ! case1 z x mu/ h
 be5  repres5t$ to ,mr4 ,maguire1 t x 01
 & is1 ! con/ant  compla9t ( ! ,f5ians  
!mselves1 precisely t ! cream (  ! ,iri%

 population kept widely alo( f !m4    ,!
 conclud+ pages ( ! book are devot$     
exclusively to !  /range ph5om5on       
pres5t$ by ! fondly-*]i%$1  nev]-dy+1   
hatr$ ( ,engl& f\nd among ! ,iri% 9 e   
"p ( ,am]ica2 ! deep-seat$1 burn+ ?ir/ =
 v5geance on  ! p[] ^: baneful influ5ce 
has = _m ages blight$ !  g5ius1 ! hopes1
 ! en]gies ( ! ,iri% at home--^:        
colossal %ad[ has ?r[n into ! %ade !    
fair] & m  graceful g5ius ( ! ,celtic   
race1 & made ! olde/  ,*ri/ian nation ( 
,we/]n ,europe1 ! pr\d ,celto-,ib]ian   
race1 ! poore/1 ! mo/ abject ( ,european
 nations1 ) all  its weal? ( g5ius1 (   
poetry1 ( en]gy1 ( all t gives  hi/oric 
fame4    ,mr4 ,maguire has giv5 a good  
bird's-eye view ( ! ,iri% 9  ,am]ica2 he
 has %[n !m 9 v>i\s lights1 & "u v>i\s  
aspects2 /ill 8 book has left mu*       
untold1 mu* t w\ld  h int]e/$ ! ,iri% & 
! fri5ds ( ! ,iri%  ev]y:]e4 ,!re is1   
moreov]1 a want ( me?od 9 !  arrangem5t 
( ?is book--a c]ta9 haz9ess &           
indi/9ctness1  t detracts consid]ably f 

its value z a book ( ref]5ce4  ,too mu* 
is said ( "s ?+s & "s p]sons1 too little
 (  o!r ?+s & p]sons2 & ^! omissions    
un=tunately  include :at we "h consid]  
mo/ honorable to ,! ,iri% ,9  ,am]ica4  
--------             ,! ,d\ble ,m>riage4
  ,footnote #fi        ,footnote #fi3 ,f
 ,! ,di>y ( a ,si/] ( ,m]cy4      ,by   
,mrs4 ,c4 ,m4 ,brame4 ,n[ 9 press1      
by ! ,ca?olic ,publication ,society4    
,*apt] ,i4    ,j be=e vesp]s1 z ,i came 
9 f a visit to ! hospital1  ,"m         
,frances1 our sup]ioress1 call$ me to   
h]1 & said3    ,de> si/]1 y h be5 out   
ne>ly all day1 & 7 up la/  ev5+2 y c g  
into ! *ur* = vesp]s1 & !n y _h  bett] g
 to y\r cell4    ,aft] ! s]vice 0 end$1 
,i rema9$ a few m9utes to say my        
pray]s4 ,:5 my "t _h expir$1 ,i w5t     
?r\gh ! cloi/]s  to my cell2 &1 j z ,i  
op5$ ! door1 ,i he>d f !  gate-bell a   
l\d peal t rang ?r\gh ! sil5t h\se4 ,i  
he>d  ! door op5$1 & a hurri$ message   
deliv]$4    ,ano!r call1 ,i ?\ght2 & !n 
came a quiet tap at my door4  ,i op5$ x 

quickly1 & ,"m ,frances ent]$1 say+3    
,i am griev$1 si/]1 to di/urb y s soon2 
b t poor  girl1 ,m>y ,mac,neal1 is dy+  
at ! hospital1 & %e wi%es mo/  e>ne/ly  
to see y4    ,is %e inde$ dy+8 :y1 ,i   
left h] s mu* bett]4    ,yes2 b a fatal 
*ange has tak5 place1 & %e has n long to
  live4    #ggg    ,!re 0 no "t to ?9k (
 my a*+ head & we>i$ limbs4 ,i  dress$  
aga9 ha/ily1 &1 toge!r ) ! mess5g]1 soon
  arriv$ at ! hospital4    ,at !        
entrance ( ! w>d :]e ,m>y lay ,i met !  
nurse4 ,oh6  ,god be prais$1 si/]1 t    
y're come at la/6 ,poor ,m>y's  only cry
 is = y4    ,?is ,m>y ,mac,neal 0 a "y  
girl :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 our  s*ools1 
& aft]w>d ma9ta9$ h]self by dressmak+4  
,h>d  toil1 poor f>e1 & want ( ex]cise  
did _! "w2 & ,m>y  lay dy+ 9 ! la/ /age 
( consumption4 ,%e 0 a good girl1  & _h 
be5 long "u my especial c>e4 ,t v       
aft]noon %e  _h implor$ me to be ) h]   
dur+ h] la/ mom5ts4 ,:5 ,i  rea*$ h] b$1
 a calm1 happy smile welcom$ me1 & !    
feeble1  fa9t voice spoke a few words ( 

greet+1 ,& ye'll say !  ros>y1 si/]8    
,i knelt d[n & compli$ ) h] reque/4 ,:5 
we said ! la/  ,gloria1 ,fa!r ,b]n>d    
came1 & ,m>y receiv$ ! la/  sacram5ts4  
,i h /ood by _m a dea?-b$3 ,i h se5 !   
/rong man 9 8 agony expire2 ,i h se5 !  
a!i/1 fe>+1  dread+ ,god1 die1 ) despair
 9 8 glaz+ eye & fai?less  he>t2 ,i h   
se5 infants die ) ! smile ( an angel on 
_! little faces2 9 e =m ,i h met ) dea?2
 b ,i  nev] knew a s\l leave ?is _w t   
seem$ m fit =  heav5 ?an t ( ?is "y     
girl4 ,! ros>y 9 "o h&1 !  crucifix 9 ! 
o!r1 %e lay s calm & /ill4 ,ev] & anon1 
z ,i wip$ ! dea?-damp f ! pale br[1 %e  
lift$ h] eyes  z ?\gh to ?ank me4 ,%e   
seem$ desir\s to speak4 ,i /oop$  ov] h]
 to cat* ! few /ruggl+ words1 & !y 73   
,?ank ,god1 ,i h always lov$ ! ,bless$  
,"m2 %e is )  me n[4 ,& %e murmur$ !    
sweet names ( ,jesus & ,m>y4    ,!n !   
slight brea? /opp$2 anon x came aga92   
aga9 x  w5t1 & )\t a /ruggle t happy s\l
 took flight4 ,i  clos$ ! eyes1 /ill    
we>+ ! l+]+ look ( gratitude  & love2 ,i

 cross$ ! h&s1 & tw9$ ! beads ar\nd !m1 
& !n knelt d[n & said ! litany = ! dead4
 ,i 0 n[  prep>+ to leave ! hospital1 :5
 ! nurse came1 & ask$  me if ,i w\ld /ep
 = a m9ute into ! next w>d1 j to speak  
to a poor old woman :o seem$ to be gett+
 worse4 ,?is w>d 0  q full2 b ,i notic$ 
a b$ ,i _h se5 empty 9 ! morn+1         
occupi$2 :5 ,i _h f9i%$ talk+ to ! old  
woman1 ,i ask$  :o ! fre% com] 04       
,ah6 si/]1 %e's 9 an awful way1 let h]  
be :o %e may4 ,i  ask$ h] ?is aft]noon  
if %e w\ld see y1 or ! prie/2 &  ,i     
decl>e ! look ( h] fright5$ me--x 0 s   
wild &  fi]ce4 ,b %e's a lady1 ,i am    
sure2 =1 ?\gh ! poor feet (  h] 7 b>e & 
ble$+1 ! few ragg$ clo!s %e _h on  7 ( !
 f9e/1 & :5 %e is 9 h] s5ses1 %e speaks 
s  lady-l2 b %e w5t on 9 a dreadful way1
 & told me n to  talk to h] ( si/]s or  
prie/s1 b to d h] ! only  k9dness ,i    
c\ld1 & let h] die alone2 s !re %e lies1
 &  n "o bit or drop c ,i get d[n h]4   
,b1 nurse1 ,i mu/ see h]1 poor ?+6      
,p]haps ,i c help to  soo! h]4    ,i    

approa*$ ! b$ c>efully1 %ad+ ! lamp ) my
 h&4 ,i  set ! light d[n on ! table1 &  
drew a *air close to !  b$side1 & sat   
d[n ^u x4 ,l\d1 heavy brea?+1 & quick1  
fright5$ />ts1 told me ! pati5t slept4  
,i g5tly drew aside  ! %eet1 ) :i* %e _h
 cov]$ h] face & head1 &  />t$ at !     
picture t met my gaze4  #ggh  ,x 0 a    
woman1 seem+ly ab\t two-&-tw5ty ye>s (  
age2 h]  face & neck 7 cov]$ ) a p]fect 
mass ( ?ick1 glossy  hair2 x spread 9   
its ri* pr(usion ov] ! pill[ & ! b$     
clo!s4 ,i took "o ( ! tresses 9 my h&1 &
 wond]$ at  its l5g? & s(tness4 ,"o     
small :ite h& 0 ?r[n above  h] head1 & x
 grasp$ a portion ( ! hair s tightly t  
,i  c\ld n move x1 le/ ,i %\ld wake h]4 
,be=e ,i _h sat _m  m9utes1 ! sleep]    
awoke ) a l\d1 pi]c+ scream1 & a  quick1
 fe>ful />t4 ,i laid my h&s on h]1 to   
soo! h]4    ,d n be fright5$1 ,i said2 y
 are q safe4    ,:o are y8 %e repli$    
abruptly & %>ply4    ,i am a ,si/] (    
,m]cy1 & ,i am anxi\s to assi/ y4    ,i 
don't want y2 g away2 y only torm5t me4 

,%e turn$ f  me1 & conceal$ h] face4    
,i am afraid y mi/ake me1 ,i said v     
g5tly2 inde$1 ,i only  wi% to d y good4 
,d me good8 ,y _c2 leave me alone6 ,let 
me die z ,i h  liv$4    ,god is good1 & 
v m]ciful1 my poor si/]4    ,don't      
m5tion 8 "n to me4 ,leave me6 ,let me be
 =gott5 by  ,god & man4 ,let me die1 & d
 n torm5t me4    ,god loves y ) an      
inf9ite love--a love m t5d] ?an y  c    
imag9e4    ,i tell y to g6 ,i am curs$8 
hat$6 ,i want no good2 ,i w  li/5 to    
none4 ,y\r words are all 9 va92 save !m1
 & g6    ,) ^! words %e resolutely turn$
 f me1 & cov]$ h]  face ) ! clo!s1 s t  
%e c\ld nei!r he> nor see me4  ,i took  
my ros>y1 & knelt d[n1 & said x = h]2 & 
ard5tly did ,i pray t ! poor he>t might 
be turn$ to ,god4  ,:5 ,i _h knelt above
 an h\r1 %e turn$ fi]cely r\nd1 &  said 
,are y /ill !re8 :at are y do+8    ,i am
 pray+ = y1 my si/]4    ,pray+ = me6 & a
 wild1 fe>ful laugh s\nd$ ?r\gh !  quiet
 room4 ,pray+ = me2 my "n is =gott5 9   
heav54  ,don't d t4 ,my "m is 9 heav54  

,don't let my "n be he>d  !re1 or %e w  
"k2 b g away1 & leave me4 ,heav5 &  e>? 
h ab&on$ me2 :y ne$ y c>e = me8    ,!   
delirium & fev] seem$ to increase s     
rapidly1 t ,i  fe>$ my long] /ay w\ld be
 useless4 ,a torr5t ( words 7  p\r+     
quickly f ! p>*$ lips2 n[ a wild appeal1
 a  fe>ful cry to ,god = m]cy2 !n a     
dreadful outbur/ (  reproa*es & contempt
 aga9/ heav52 !n a wild snat* (  song1 &
 a laugh s une>?ly1 x almo/ *ill$ !     
blood 9 my  ve9s4 ,once1 & once only1 ! 
l\d voice grew calm & sweet1  & a quiet 
look came ^u ! flu%$ face :5 %e fanci$  
%e  0 a girl at home aga91 & h] "m 0    
speak+ to h]4    ,i w5t home1 = ,i 0 (  
no use1 & ! nurse gave ! poor  suff]] an
 opiate be=e ,i left4 ,i c\ld n re/2 t  
wild1  beautiful face 0 be=e me1 & ^?   
pitiful cries rang 9 my  e>s all night4 
,! foll[+ morn+ ,i ha/5$ to ! hospital4 
,i f\nd my pati5t m quiet1 & a good deal
 exhau/$4    #ggi    ,i procur$ a bas9 (
 cold wat]1 & wett+ a h&k]*ief1  plac$ x
 ^u h] burn+ br[4 ,its coolness seem$ to

 revive  h]2 = aft] ,i _h ba!d h] =ehead
 = "s m9utes1 %e  op5$ h] eyes1 & said1 
9 a fa9t voice1 ,is t y1  "m8 bless y1  
?ank y2 b aft] look+ e>ne/ly at me1  %e 
turn$ away ) a despair+ sigh ,i nev]    
%all =get4  ,aft] ,i _h well ba!d h]    
face & head1 ,i ga!r$ ! long  hair &    
arrang$ x neatly "u a cap4 ,h[ beautiful
 %e  look$6 ! r$ flu% _h gone1 & h] face
 0 fair & :ite  z m>ble4 ,! slight      
eyebr[s 7 m>k$ s cle>ly & ar*$  s       
beautifully1 & ! noble op5 br[ 0 s fair1
 ,i c\ld  di/+ui% e ve94 ,aga9 my te>s  
fell ^u h] face z ,i  /oop$ ov] h]4 ,%e 
gave a quick />t1 & said1 ,:o are  y8   
,i am a ,si/] ( ,m]cy1 "o :o loves y4   
,loves me6 & is t te> = me8    ,yes1 n  
only "o1 b _m m ,i h %$ = y4    ,o si/]6
 & %e turn$ & ?rew h]self on my brea/1 t
  is ! fir/ te> any "o has %$ ov] me    
s9ce my "m di$4  ,my he>t has be5 s     
pr\d1 s full ( bitt] ang] & hatr$1  t ,i
 ?\ght no?+ c\ld ev] aga9 s(t5 x2 t te> 
0  a dew-drop f heav54 ,a few mom5ts    
s9ce1 ,i fanci$ y 7  my "m1 = y\r h& lay

 ^u my head j z h]s did :5  %e us$ to   
come1 night aft] night1 & bless me2 j z 
x did  ! night be=e ,i left h]4 ,o si/]6
 d n let me lie 9 y\r  arms1 y are s    
good1 & ,i h be5 s wick$ & s9ful4       
,nay1 re/ "h2 none are s s9ful b !re is 
love & m]cy  left = !m4    ,m]cy6 c ,i1 
d>e ,i hope = x8    ,hu%1 my *ild1 y are
 tir+ y\rself out2 n[ re/4    ,& d y    
promise nev] to leave me till ,i die8   
,say1 w y  /ay ) me8    ,i w inde$ d all
 ,i c2 = ! pres5t ,i mu/ g4 ,w y  let me
 put ?is ar\nd y8 7,x 0 a m$al ( !      
,immaculate  ,conception47    ,yes1 %e  
repli$1 & took x ) a trembl+ h&4    ,are
 y a ,ca?olic8 ,i ask$1 />tl$ by ! ha/e 
) :i*  %e seiz$ x4    ,i am1 si/]1 & !n 
a burn+ blu% came ov] h] face4 ,i  am1 b
 a guilty1 ungrateful "o4    ,!n w y say
 "s %ort pray]s1 :ile ,i g & visit my   
o!r pati5ts8    ,i w1 b x is long s9ce  
,i h said a pray]4    ,at ! end ( an h\r
 ,i return$1 & f\nd h] weep+ bitt]ly4   
,%e took my h& & kiss$ x4 ,i tri$ to    
quiet h] excessive  grief4 ,i said1 ,d n

 cry1 my *ild4 ,tell me1 c ,i help  y--c
 ,i d any?+ = y8 ,my "n is ,si/]        
,magdal52 :at  %all ,i call y8 ,%e look$
 up ) a sad face1 &  repli$1 ,my "n is  
,eva4 ,well1 !n1 ,eva1 be com=t$2 if y  
h s9n$1 !re is m]cy & hope = y2 if y are
 unhappy1  !re is com=t4 ,look at ?is2 &
 ,i gave h] my  crucifix--does n ?is    
tea* y to love & hope8 ,!re 0  no answ]1
 no?+ b bitt] sobs4 ,i knelt d[n1 & said
 !  ,memor>e1 & !n1 tak+ ,eva's h&1 ,i 0
 ab\t to  speak1 :5 %e said1 ,si/]1     
si/]1 :5 ,i am bett]1 & h  /r5g? to     
talk1 ,i w tell y my hi/ory1 & y %all   
tea*  me to be bett]4    ,day aft] day  
pass$ on1 & %e became s ill t we ?\ght  
%e mu/ die2 b ,god s will$ x t %e began 
to improve1  &1 at la/1 0 able to speak 
& ?9k rationally aga94 ,"o  ev5+ ,i sat 
by h] b$1 say+ ! ros>y :ile %e slept1   
:51 look+ sudd5ly at h]1 ,i f\nd h] eyes
 op51 & fix$  ^u me int5tly4    #ghj    
,si/] ,magdal51 %e said1 ,i want to tell
 y my hi/ory2 x  is a v sad "o4 ,i h    
s9n$ & suff]$--w y he> me8    ,)        

pleasure1 because1 :5 ,i und]/& y1 ,i c 
! bett]  help y4    ,& z %e told x to   
me1 ,i "h give x4                       
,*apt] ,,ii4    ,i ne$ n tr\ble y ) !   
hi/ory ( my *ildhood2 x 0  sp5t alone ) 
my de> "m1 9 a pleasant little village  
ne> ,bri/ol1 & 0 a v happy & innoc5t "o4
 ,my fa!r  di$ be=e ,i 0 born1 b he left
 an ample =tune to my  "m4 ,i 0 h] sole 
c>e & treasure2 next to me %e lov$  &   
c>$ = our little *ur*4 ,! mission 9 our 
village 0  b a poor "o2 my "m 0 its *ief
 support4 ,to our c>e 0  giv5 ! sacri/y1
 ! *apel1 ! alt>-l95 & fl[]s4 ,i  us$ to
 sp5d h\rs 9 dress+ ! alt> & arrang+ !  
fl[]s4 ,! memory ( ^? h\rs has nev] di$2
 x has liv$  ) me ev]2 & ev5 amid sc5es 
( vanity & passion1 x has  hung ab\t me 
l ! fragrance ( a fl[]4    ,my "m 0 !   
sweete/ & mo/ g5tle ( wom52 ! e>ly  loss
 ( h] husb& gave h] a %ock f :i* %e nev]
  recov]$2 & %e made a resolution at 8  
dea? to devote h]  :ole life to my      
education & to works ( *>ity4 ,i _c  ?9k
 ( h] )\t te>s2 %e 0 s pati5t & good1   

nor did  ,i ev] he> "o unk9d or ha/y ^w 
f h]4    ,i grew up well skill$ 9 all ! 
accompli%m5ts my "m  lov$ & taught4 ,"o 
,i 0 passionately fond (1 & t 0  pa9t+4 
,i _h a tal5t = x1 & a cultivat$ ta/e4  
,imag9e1 si/]1 ! c\rse ( a /reamlet1 )  
sc>cely a  ripple ^u x1 glitt]+ 9 !     
bright sunlight1 ev] fl[+  calmly &     
g5tly1 & y h a p]fect image ( my        
*ildhood4    ,?is la/$ until ,i 0       
sixte54 ,a few days aft] my bir?day1 a  
lett] came f my "m's ag5t1 a solicitor 9
 ,london1  reque/+ h] imm$iate pres5ce4 
,n lik+ to leave me beh9d1  le/ ,i %\ld 
be dull1 my "m (f]$ to take me ) h]4 ,i 
0 ov]joy$ at ! proposal4 ,london 0 a    
di/ant fairyl& to  me1 & ,i knew no re/ 
or peace until we />t$4 ,we 7 to /ay  at
 ,mr4 ,cl9ton's1 a di/ant relative ( my 
fa!r's1 :o k9dly  (f]$ u ! use ( 8 h\se4
 ,he 0 m>ri$1 b 8 wife 0  dead1 & he _h 
"o only daught]1 ) :om ,i soon became   
intimately acqua9t$4 ,bella ,cl9ton 0 an
 elegant girl1 &  =emo/ among ! lead]s (
 fa%ion4 ,i _h n be5 !re long  be=e ,i  

began to blu% = my c\ntry dresses1 &    
a/oni%$ my  g5tle1 yield+ "m by !       
extravagant dem&s ,i made ^u  h] purse4 
,ah6 !re ,i le>nt ! fatal tru? t ,i 0   
gift$  ) beauty4 ,i _h he>d /rang]s say 
at home1 ,:at a h&some  *ild6 h[ l h]   
fa!r2 b ,i nev] realiz$ ! fact until  ,i
 /ood ready dress$ = my fir/ ball1 :]e  
,bella _h  p]suad$ my "m to accompany u4
    ,bella _h *os5 = me a robe ( pale   
p9k sat9 & a ri*  lace skirt2 %e tw9$   
pale p9k fl[]s 9 my long black hair1  & 
gold5 bracelets ar\nd my arms1 & !n l$  
me to h]  mirror1 & said1 ',i am almo/  
jeal\s1 ,eva6'  #gha  ,ah6 ! lace       
pictur$ !re 0 v fair1 ! eyes 7 fla%+  ) 
light1 ! *eek 0 t+$ l a rose1 ! :ite    
neck &  arms %am$ ev5 ! pe>ls t gleam$  
^u !m4 ,beautiful1  bright1 & sp>kl+ !  
picture 02 b w\ld to heav5 ,i _h  di$ z 
,i /ood !re1 = ,i 0 !n innoc5t & good4  
,y1 p]haps1 si/]1 nev] saw or c>$ to see
 a ball-room2 on  me ! effect 0         
electrical4 ,j z we ent]$1 ! sweet1     
fasc9at+ melody ( a popul> waltz 0      

float+ r\nd !  room2 ! room itself 0    
radiant ) light & beauty2 jewels  7 %9+1
 fea!rs wav+1 ri* sat9s 7 gleam+2 & !   
we>]s1 to my novice's gaze1 7 l be+s f  
fairyl&4    ,miss ,cl9ton 0 soon        
surr\nd$ ) fri5ds1 & ,i li/5$  )        
a/oni%m5t to h] witty rep>tees & animat$
  conv]sation4 ,i 0 introduc$ to _m ( h]
 fri5ds2 our gr\p  or p>ty 01 ,i c\ld n 
fail to p]ceive1 ! mo/ select 9  ! room4
 ,i sat by my "m1 endeavor+ to give my  
att5tion to  "s (fic] :o 0 detail+ a    
/rik+ adv5ture1 :5 a face  & =m sudd5ly 
attract$ my att5tion2 x 0 t ( a         
noble-look+ man1 ) a head rem>kable = ! 
extreme beauty  ( its cont\r & ! ri*ness
 ( its d>k curls4 ,! face1 too1  ?\gh n 
exactly h&some1 0 irresi/ibly           
attractive1 f  its ari/ocratic m\ld (   
feature & melan*oly expression4 ,8  eyes
 7 a s+ul>ly d>k gray1 %ad$ ) long      
eyela%es2  !y _h a tir$1 li/less look4  
,i wat*$ ?is g5tleman "s  few m9utes1 & 
!n turn+ to my companion1 said3 ',c y   
tell me :o is t di/+ui%$ look+ man /&+ j

  b5ea? ! *&eli]8'    ',"l ,mont=d4 ,he 
is a clev] man2 b a v res]v$1 haughty   
"*2 he is kn[n by ! "n ( ,le ,gr&       
,seigneur4 ,i "k  him well1 intimately2 
b ,i nev] c p5etrate ! veil (  melan*oly
 t hangs ov] him4'    ',p]haps he is    
unhappy1' ,i said simply2 'is he m>ri$8'
    ',no2 he is "o ( ! be/ p>ties ( !   
season4 ,"s  say an e>ly disappo9tm5t is
 ! cause ( 8 want (  sociability2 o!rs  
say he has a di/a/e = ! society ( y\r   
*>m+ sex4' ,& my in=mant made a l[ b[4  
,a doz5 m que/ions trembl$ on my lips2 b
 n lik+ to  cont9ue ! conv]sation1 ,i   
rema9$ sil5t4 ,sudd5ly look+  up1 ,i saw
 ,"l ,mont=d's eyes fix$ ^u me4 ,i      
blu%$1 feel+  l a guilty culprit4 ,9 a  
few m9utes ,miss ,cl9ton came to me1  & 
said3    ',eva1 y h made a spl5did      
conque/4 ,"h is ,"l ,mont=d  ask+ to be 
introduc$ to y4 ,come ) me4'    ',inde$ 
,i _c1' ,i repli$1 %r9k+1 sc>cely kn[+  
:y4    ',mrs4 ,leason1 make h] come1'   
said ,bella1 smil+ to my "m4    ',g1    
,eva1' my "m said2 & ,i w5t4 ,my fir/   

impulse 0 to  run away :5 ,i saw t tall1
 /ately =m b5d+ be=e me2  b he look$ at 
me ) s k9dly an expression ( int]e/ &   
admiration t ,i accept$ ! invitation = !
 next quadrille  ) less ( fe> & re/ra9t 
?an ,i _h hi!rto felt4 ,:5  ! quadrille 
0 ov]1 ,"l ,mont=d took me into !       
refre%m5t-room4    ',x is no idle       
complim5t to tell y1 ,miss ,leason1 t ,i
  enjoy$ t dance m ?an ,i h done any?+ =
 ye>s4'    ',:y8' ,i answ]$ innoc5tly1  
look+ up ) a/oni%m5t4 ,he  smil$ &      
answ]$3    #ghb    ',if ,i wi%$ to      
flatt] y1 ,i %\ld say because y are m   
beautiful & graceful ?an any lady ,i h  
se5 = "s "t2  b ! real tru? is1 t ,i c  
p]ceive ?is is y\r fir/  ball1 & !      
fre%ness ( y\r ideas is some?+ novel to 
me4'    ',are n my ideas l o!r p's8'    
',f> f x4'    ',i am v sorry1' ,i began1
 half hesitat+ly2 'inde$1 ,i wi%  to be 
l e "o else4'    ',nev] wi% s aga91     
,miss ,leason2 wi% always to be j z y   
are n[4'    ,j at ?is mom5t my "m &     
,bella jo9$ u1 & he  rel9qui%$ my arm4  

',:y1 ,eva1' said ,miss ,cl9ton1        
',surely y h "s *>m4 ,i  h kn[n ,"l     
,mont=d = ye>s1 & ,i nev] saw him s     
animat$ or s happy be=e4'    ,b ,i ne$ n
 dwell long] on ?is "p ( my life4 ,day  
aft]  day1 ev5+ aft] ev5+1 ,"l ,mont=d 0
 by my side2 & yet  s quietly 7 ^!      
meet+s conduct$1 t x always seem$  t    
*ance direct$ !m4 ,z ,bella ceas$ je/+1 
my "m did  n notice 8 att5tions4 ,i soon
 began to look ^u see+ him  z ! only ?+ 
wor? liv+ =4 ,i _h no ?\ght save =  him4
 ,z yet no ^w ( love pass$ 8 lips1 ?\gh 
,i  c\ld n b p]ceive t he reg>d$ me ) no
 common  int]e/4    ,"o day1 z we 7 all 
9 ! draw+-room1 my "m sudd5ly  ann\nc$  
h] int5tion ( return+ home--almo/       
directly4 ,i  look$ at ,"l ,mont=d1 &   
saw an expression ( pa9 ^u 8  face4 ,i  
rose & w5t to ! w9d[ to hide ! te>s t 7 
/>t+ to my eyes4 ,9 an h\r aft] ?is1 a  
s]vant br\ght me  a note f ,"l ,mont=d1 
fill$ ) expressions ( love1 &  ask+ = an
 int]view1 & pray+ t ,i w\ld n m5tion x 
to any "o1 ev5 to my "m4 ,i knew ?is 0  

wrong1 & ?is  0 ! fir/ false /ep 9 my   
c>e]4 ,i knew concealm5t f my  "m 01 9  
su* a case1 wrong2 b /rong] ?an ! voice 
(  consci5ce1 /rong] ?an ! :isp]s ( my  
angel gu>dian1  /rong] ?an ! prompt+s ( 
fai? & ob$i5ce 0 !  passion t reign$ 9  
my he>t4 ,i wrote a few words4 ,my "m1  
,mr4 ,cl9ton1 & ,bella 7 go+ out to d9e4
 ,i plead$  indisposition1 & rema9$ at  
home4 ,i promis$ 9 ! aft]noon  to grant 
,"l ,mont=d ! int]view he desir$4 ,i    
w5t1 :5  ?ree o'clock came1 to ! libr>y1
 & ,i left x 9 an h\r !  affianc$ bride 
( ,"l ,mont=d4 ,"o ?+ surpris$ me1 &  t 
01 t he us$ ! mo/ urg5t entreaties t ,i 
w\ld  n m5tion our int]view1 or its     
result1 to any "o4 ,imprud5tly  ,i      
promis$4    ,! day came :5 we left      
,london1 & yet no ^w w\ld ,"l  ,mont=d  
suff] to be spok5 ( our engagem5t4 ,he  
/ood 9 !  hall z we pass$ f ! h\se1 & he
 ha/ily :isp]$ to me3    ',y %all he> f 
me soon1 ,eva1 & my lett] %all expla9   
all4'    ,i c\ld sc>cely be> ! quiet1   
tranquil beauty ( home2 my  :ole "t 0   

sp5t 9 wi%+ = & ?9k+ ( ! promis$  lett]4
    ,at l5g? x came1 & ,i w5t ) x       
tightly held 9 my h&1  to my own room4  
,i _c n[ rememb] all x said1 b !        
conclud+ words ,i rememb]1 & !y 7 ^!3   
',& n[1 ,eva1  ,i h told y h[ de> y are 
to me1 h[ y h come across  my d>k dre>y 
life l a bright sunbeam2 )\t y ,i %all  
aga9 become a dull1 melan*oly           
misan?rope2 ) y ,i may  become a good & 
useful man4 ,w y refuse1 ,eva1 to help  
me3  ,"o ?+ m4  #ghc  ,a reason ( !     
utmo/ importance prev5ts me f at pres5t 
mak+ public our engagem5t & m>riage--a  
reason s pot5t  t1 if y refuse secrecy1 
we mu/ "p4 ,say1 ,eva1 %all ?is  be8 ,w 
y sacrifice my love1 my hope1 my        
happ9ess1 = a  scruple8'    ,& s ) a    
pray] = my cons5t1 ! lett] end$2 & !n   
,i laid x d[n & wept--ay1 wept--= !re 0 
a calm]1  holi] feel+ 9 my he>t ?an ,i  
_h kn[n = a long "t2 &  ! /ruggle 0 h>d4
 ,my "m1 c\ld ,i leave h] ?us8 ,h[ _h   
%e nurs$ me1 lov$ me6 & ) :at pleasure &
 pride _h %e  look$ =w>d to my settl+ 9 

life6 ,h] sweet face came be=e  me ) all
 its goodness & purity4 ,no2 ,i c\ld n  
leave h]1 ,i  c\ld n ?us deceive &      
disappo9t h]4 ,!re 0 ! *ur*1  too1 ) its
 alt>s & fl[]s2 :o w\ld t5d !m8 ,i c\ld 
n g1 & s ,i resolv$--a resolution1 alas6
 too soon to be  brok54    ,at ?is mom5t
 a h& 0 g5tly laid ^u my %\ld]1 &  look+
 up ha/ily1 ,i saw my "m4    ',eva1 are 
y ill1 my d>l+1 or unhappy8 ,:y are y "h
  alone1 & mis]able8'    ,i made no     
reply1 b laid my head ^u my "m's brea/ &
  cri$ al\d4 ,^? 7 ! la/ te>s ,i ev] %$ 
!re4 ,i ev5  feel n[ h] s(t h& c>ess+   
me1 & draw+ back ! hair  f my br[1 :ile 
%e soo!d me z ?\gh ,i _h be5 a little   
*ild4    ',i am ill & tir$1 "m1' ,i     
said1 at l5g?4    ',i see y are1 ,eva4' 
,& %e laid me d[n g5tly1 & sat by me    
until ,i slept4 ,two days aft]w>d ,i 0  
out1 & turn+ r\nd  ! road t l$ to !     
wood1 ,i met ,"l ,mont=d4 ,i f\nd he  _h
 arriv$ t day1 & _h be5 wait+ _m h\rs = 
a  *ance ( see+ me2 b he look$ s pale & 
ill ,i sc>cely  knew him4 ,let me tell !

 result 9 few words4 ,i promis$ him to  
leave home1 "m1 & all ?+s1 & to         
accompany him :]ev]  he w\ld4    ',x is 
b = a %ort "t1 ,eva1' said he1 '& !n we 
w  return1 & y\r "m w =give u & bless   
u4'    ',:y n wait ! %ort "t8' ,i said1 
= my face burn$ :]e  my "m's te>s _h    
fall54    ',i _c2 y d n "k ! reasons1   
,eva4 ,b d n refuse  me4 ,y are ! la/   
tie t b9ds me to life & hope4'    ,& he 
arrang$ t e>ly ! next morn+ ,i %\ld meet
 8  c>riage 9 ! p>k2 t we %\ld g /raight
 to ,london1 &  !re be quietly m>ri$2 & 
!n g on ! same day to ,p>is4    ,t      
night1 si/]1 ,i nev] slept4 ,_m times ,i
 half knelt to  pray1 & p]haps _h ,i    
pray$1 ,god w\ld h he>d me2 b  !re 0 t 9
 my he>t t w\ld n let me3 & s1 9  we>ily
 pac+ my room1 9 bitt] weep+ & grief =  
my  "m1 9 passionate te>s1 :5 ,i        
rememb]$ my promise1 9  h>d /ruggle &   
indecision1 did ,i pass my la/ night "u 
my  "m's ro(4 ,:5 morn+ dawn$1 ,i tri$  
to g & look at my  "m2 twice1 ?rice1 ,i 
half op5$ ! door1 &1 %udd]+1  clos$ x2 &

 ) my he>t half break+ at leav+ h]1 &   
yet drawn on irresi/ibly1 ,i pass$ f my 
home a guilty  fugitive1 a cruel1 wilful
 *ild4 ,i w5t out into ! pure1 sweet1   
morn+ air1 & x fann$ s s(tly my burn+   
face2 ! birds  7 s++ su* glori\s c>ols (
 praise2 ! fl[]s 7  lift+ _! fair heads1
 droop+ ) dew2 peace & beauty &  joy 7  
all ar\nd me2 b 9 my he>t 7 d>kness &   
sorr[1  grief & remorse4 ,sudd5ly a     
/rong arm tw9$ ar\nd me1 & a  l[ voice1 
^: tones ,i knew & lov$ too well1 p\r$  
into my  e>s a rapture ( love & ?anks4  
#ghd  ,& 9 a :irl ( "t t seems to me n[ 
a dream1 ,i 0  m>ri$1 & 9 ,p>is4        
,imm$iately on our arrival at ,p>is1 my 
husb& wrote to my "m1 tell+ h] ( our    
m>riage1  conjur+ h] = a "t n to reveal 
x1 & begg+ h]  =giv5ess & bless+4 ,an   
answ] came1 & my "m's g5tle  love spoke 
9 e l9e1 yet h] he>t seem$ brok5 z %e   
wrote4 ,tru/+ t "t w\ld reveal ! my/]y (
 my  husb&'s /range desire = concealm5t4
 ,i ?rew myself into !  vortex (        
pleasure & gayety4 ,! h\rs pass$ l gold5

  mom5ts4 ,i knew no wi%1 no caprice1 t 
my husb& did n  imm$iately gratify4 ,!  
mo/ devot$ love & ard5t affection  7    
lavi%$ ^u me2 he 0 ev] ) me3 if = "o h\r
 we  7 sep>at$1 he flew to me ! next4   
,smiles *as$ !  melan*oly & languor f 8 
br[1 & ! light 9 8 eyes  0 to me bright]
 ?an ! r>e/ jewel he lov$ to adorn me   
)4 ,x 0 %ort b brilliant1 ?is dream (   
m9e2 its bliss  0 de>ly pur*as$4 ,y w   
?9k ! /ory t ,i am go+ to  tell y       
/range1 b !re are /rang] 9 ! _w4        
,*apt] ,,iii4    ',i told y1 si/]1 h[   
devot$ ,i 0 to pa9t+2 & ?is  ta/e my    
husb& sp>$ no pa9s to gratify4 ,he took 
me1 "o day1  to "o ( ! mo/ spl5did      
picture-gall]ies 9 ,p>is1 &  !re1 among/
 o!r *ef d'oeuvres1 ,i notic$ a mo/     
beautiful picture ( ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal54  
,i /ood entranc$ be=e  x3 x repres5t$ a 
graceful1 sl5d] figure kneel+ =e a      
ru/ic alt>4 ,! h&s 7 clasp$ 9 pray]1 & !
 face 0  slightly rais$ t[>d heav52 b   
any?+ s exquisite z !  bl5d$ look (     
remorse & love ^u ^? spl5did features ,i

  nev] saw2 x 0 z ?\gh ! ra9+ te>s _h   
s(t5$ !  dazzl+ beauty & brightness ( ! 
l>ge1 liquid eyes1 & _h  blan*$ ! roses 
on bo? *eek & lip1 & _h left ov] !  fair
 face a l+]+ light1 s(t & spiritual4    
,long gold5  tresses wav$ ov] h] %\ld]s1
 & lay 7ev5 z %e knelt7  ^u ! gr\nd 9 _!
 pr(usion & luxuriance4 ,hope & love  7 
writt5 on ! noble br[1 :ile su*         
humility1 su*  self-abasem5t 7 express$ 
9 ! pro/rate1 kneel+ figure1  t at "o   
glance ! hi/ory 0 read4 ,i =got "t1     
place1  & all ?+s--my :ole s\l absorb$ 9
 ! wondr\s beauty (  ! picture4 ,my     
husb& _h left me to procure a catalogue1
 :5  sudd5ly a heavy h& 0 laid ^u my    
%\ld]1 & a voice  hiss$1 r ?an spoke1   
into my e>3 ',ay1 look--= ! s9  t br&$  
h] is m>k$ ^u y\r br[6' ,! hot brea? ( !
  speak] flu%$ ^u my *eek--a l[1        
scornful laugh1 & x 0  gone4 ,bewild]$1 
,i turn$ r\nd1 b saw no "o :o seem$     
likely to h address$ me or :o seem$ to  
notice me4 ,a few  paces f me1 look+    
int5tly ^u a small pa9t+1 !re  /ood a   

tall1 /ately lady1 & no "o else 0 ne>4  
,i ha/5$1  :5 ,i recov]$ ! use ( my     
faculties1 to ask h] if %e _h  se5 any  
"o speak to me1 :5 %e quickly arose1 &  
left !  room4 ,z %e turn$ to pass to !  
door1 ,i saw h] face2 x 0  h&some1 b s  
cold & haughty1 & ) s fi]ce an          
expression ( self-w1 t ! words froze ^u 
my lips2 x  0 a /range face1 too1 & x   
haunt$ me all day4 ,i 0  bewild]$2 b ,i 
did n tell my husb&4  #ghe  ,i did n wi%
 to tr\ble or annoy him4 ,i 0 fright5$ &
 out  ( spirits1 & :5 ev5+ came1 my     
husb& w\ld insi/ ^u  my go+ to ! op]a4  
,i w5t2 b ,i c\ld n =get ^?  dreadful   
words4 ,! op]a 0 beautiful2 b my        
att5tion w\ld  w&]4 ,look+ r\nd ! boxes1
 ,i sudd5ly saw ! same lady ,i  _h met 9
 ! picture-gall]y4 ,h] h&some1 haughty  
face bore  an expression t surpris$ me2 
h] l>ge1 glitt]+ eyes 7  fix$ ^u me1 & a
 smile ( triumph1 malici\s & rev5geful1 
curl$ h] lip4 ,i turn$ to my husb& &    
said3 ',i d wi%1  ,p]cy1 y w\ld tell me 
:o t lady is !re opposite ) !  p9k      

dress4' ,he turn$1 at my reque/2 b :5 he
 saw h]1 8  face became deadly pale1 &  
convuls$ ) emotion4 ',d y "k  h]8--are y
 ill8--:at is ! matt]1 ,p]cy8' ,i cri$4 
',no?+1' said my husb&1 'b ! heat is too
 great2 w y  come home1 ,eva8'    ,i    
rose1 t]rifi$1 to leave ! box1 & turn+  
aga9 to look  at ! lady1 ,i f\nd h]     
gone4 ,z we 7 driv+ home1 :5 my  husb&  
became m compos$1 ,i told him ( my      
adv5ture 9 !  picture-gall]y1 & ask$ him
 if he c\ld possibly conjecture  ! mean+
 ( x4    ',:y1 :y1 ,eva1 did y n tell me
 ?is be=e8 ,n[1 d n be  fright5$2 b ,i h
 decid$ to leave ,p>is by ! midnight    
tra93 x is n[ t5 o'clock2 w y be ready8'
    ',yes2 b :y ?is ha/e8'    ',ask me  
no que/ions1 ,eva2 only ha/51 & let u be
 gone4'    ,my husb&'s mann] 0 /]n1 & he
 became s sil5t t ,i  d>$ n int]rupt    
him4 ,directly we arriv$ at home1 he    
left me  to arrange = our j\rney1 &1 r++
 = my maid1 ,i told h]  to prep>e =     
in/ant dep>ture4 ,i 0 tir$1 & my head   
a*$  ) useless conjectures4 ,i felt a   

=ebod+ ( com+ mis]y  t ,i c\ld n acc\nt 
=4 ,i 0 9 ! draw+-room1 pack+  a few    
books1 :5 a s]vant ent]$ & told me ,i 0 
want$4 ,i  said ,i c\ld n see any "o1 ,i
 0 engag$2 b 9 a few m9utes  ! man      
return$1 & said ! lady insi/$ ^u see+   
me1 &  be=e he _h f9i%$ speak+1 ! lady  
,i _h se5 at ! op]a  /ood be=e me4      
',y are leav+ ,p>is1' %e said1 ) a sne]+
 smile2 'b  x is important t y %\ld     
grant me a few mom5ts2 p]haps ,i  may   
alt] y\r plans4'    ,i b[$ & ! s]vant   
)drew4 ,%e /ood & survey$ me =  "s      
m9utes ) a /range1 glitt]+ look 9 h]    
wild eyes2  & !n com+ to me1 %e said3   
',y are pass+ fair4 ,p]cy ,mont=d's     
second *oice speaks  well = 8 ta/e4'    
',i d n und]/& y1 madam1' ,i said       
pr\dly2 'nor d ,i see  by :at "r y      
intrude ^u me or use my husb&'s "n4'    
',y\r husb&1 girl6' & a mock+ laugh rang
 9 my e>s4 ',nay1  ,p]cy ,mont=d is no  
husb& ( y\rs4'    ',y are mad1' ,i      
repli$4 ,b %e int]rupt$ me--    ',mad6  
,no2 & yet1 ,i tell y1 ,i am ,lady      

,mont=d6 ,y d n  believe me8 ,i w tell y
 aga94 ,sixte5 ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0  "y1 & 
! _w said beautiful1 ,i became ! lawful 
wife (  ! man :o has deceiv$ y4'    ,i  
rose indignantly1 & grasp$ ! bell-rope4 
#ghf    ',nay1' said %e1 'pause "o m9ute
 be=e y summon aid or  assi/ance4 ,i    
repeat--sixte5 ye>s ago ,i 0 m>ri$4 ,my 
husb&  _h !n no title2 he 0 simply ,mr4 
,+ram2 he liv$ ) me "o  ye>1 & !n1 f9d+ 
my temp] hot & my _s bitt]1 he  left me1
 7amply provid$ =1 x is true17 & has    
nev] se5 me  s9ce4 ,i h foll[$ him1 ,i h
 track$ him f city to city4  ,i f\nd out
 8 admiration = y2 ,i knew he w\ld m>ry 
y  secretly--op5ly he d>$ n1 = fe> ( me4
 ,i c\ld h  sav$ y !n1 b ,i w\ld n2 ,i  
hat$ y because y 7  beautiful & good1 & 
,i h wat*$ & wait$ ) a fi]ce  long+ = ! 
mom5t :5 y\r cup ( joy 0 full1 t ,i     
might da% x f y\r lips1 & turn x to !   
poison$ *alice  ,i h s long drunk4 ,y   
/ill disbelieve me8 ,look1' & %e  took  
"s pap]s & laid be=e me4 ,my h&s %ook1 &
 my sight  fail$ me :5 ,i tri$ to read  

!m2 b ,i saw en\gh2 &  cov]+ my face1 ,i
 sank on my knees4    ,i rememb] n[1    
si/]1 t 9 my madness & my grief ,i knelt
  to t woman1 & ,i pray$ to h] to unsay 
h] fe>ful words4 ,i  c rememb] h[ %e    
reject$ me1 h[ %e scorn$ me & my wild   
pray]s1 & h[ pr\dly %e /ood ov] me1     
gloat+ 9 my  mis]y4    ',no1 ,eva       
,leason6 y broke y\r "m's he>t--y _h no 
m]cy  ^u h]1 & ,i h none ^u y4 ,i am    
claim+ only ju/ice1 ,i  am speak+ only  
tru?4'    ',p]cy6' ,i cri$1 'come & save
 me6'    ',ah6 ,p]cy1 save h]6 ,y are s 
noble & good6 ,y nev]  deceiv$ h]1 nev] 
betray$ h]6' ,& !n ,i rememb] no m1     
save t d>kness seem$ to come ^u me until
 ,i lo/ all s5se  & feel+4    ,:5 ,i    
recov]$ 9 "s degree my recollection1 ,i 
0 ly+  ^u a s(a1 & my husb&--ah6 m9e no 
long]6--knelt beside  me1 8 face & head 
hidd51 & yet ,i knew t he 0 weep+4  ,%e 
0 gone4    ,i sprang to my feet4'       
,p]cy1',i cri$1 'tell me1 is ?is true8  
,y f\nd h] "h4 ,has %e told me ! tru?8' 
,& ,i wait$ =  8 answ] ) my life dep5d+ 

on x4    ',i w deceive y no m1 ,eva4    
,alas6 %e has told y true4'    ',& y h  
deceiv$ me1 /ol5 me f my "m & my home1  
& made me an outca/6' ,my he>t seem$ on 
fire4 ,i tore ! r+  f my f+] & ! jewels 
f my hair1 & ?rew !m at 8  feet2 b he   
knelt1 & passionately implor$ me n to   
leave  him1 to li/5 to 8 /ory1 to h m]cy
 on him4 ,b no1 ,i  he$$ no ^w2 ,i tore 
my dress f 8 h&s2 ,i ru%$ f  him2 ,i    
took no "t2 ,i _h b "o ?\ght1 & t 0 to  
fly4  ,i 0 deliri\s ) grief & ang]2 my  
cloak & bonnet 7 9  ! hall2 ,i ?rew !m  
on2 & be=e ,"l ,mont=d knew :]e ,i  01  
,i _h tak5 a c>riage1 & 0 on my road to 
! /ation4  ,my he>t a*$ = my "m4 ,i     
rememb] b v little else4 ,i  cross$ !   
,*annel1 & my passage took ne>ly all my 
money3 ,i  _h j en\gh to rea* ,london1 &
 !n ,i 0 p5niless4 ,x  seem$ to me t ,i 
w&]$ = h\rs 9 ! dre>y /reets1 &  at la/ 
,i fell4 ,i 0 pick$ up & c>ri$ "h4 ,n[1 
tell me1  si/]1 0 n my puni%m5t bitt]8  
,c y wond] t ,i  crav$ to die1 & hide my
 %ame & mis]y8    ,y are mu* s9n$ aga9/1

 ,eva2 b tell me h[ c\ld ,"l  ,mont=d   
m>ry y :5 he knew 8 fir/ wife 0 liv+8   
,i d n "k1 si/]2 ,i _c ?9k2 yet n[ ,i   
rememb]1 t  night he told me t he _h    
m>ri$ h] :5 he 0 q "y1  & _h nev] kn[n  
peace or re/ s9ce2 & t1 :5 he knew  me1 
he lov$ me s & fe>$ to lose me1 he c\ld 
n resi/ !  temptation4  #ghg  ,did ,i   
tell y1 si/]1 t ! fir/ ?+ ,i he>d :5 ,i 
came  to ,engl& 0 t my "m 0 dead8 ,i saw
 x 9 a pap]4    ,b1 de> read]1 ,i %all  
we>y y if ,i repeat all poor ,eva's     
long hi/ory2 ,i mu/ ha/5 & f9i% my /ory4
    ,"s weeks aft] ?is1 ,i 0 sitt+ ) h]1
 read+ to h]1  :5 ,"m ,frances call$ me 
ha/ily f ! room4 ,i _h told  h] ,eva's  
hi/ory1 & ,i felt f h] mann] t %e _h    
some?+ ( importance to say conc]n+ h]4  
,si/]1 said ! sup]ioress1 !re is a      
g5tleman 9 !  conv5t p>lor1 & he has s5t
 9 8 c>d4 ,see1 x is ,"l  ,mont=d4    ,o
 ,"m ,frances6 :at %all we d8 :at c we  
say to him8 ,he  has1 !n1 trac$ poor    
,eva "h6    ,let u fir/ discov] 8 err&1 
& !n we w act z seems  be/4    ,:5 we   

ent]$ ! p>lor1 ,"l ,mont=d rose1 & :5 he
  address$ u1 8 voice trembl$4    ,may  
,i ask1 he began1 if a lady :o "s "t    
s9ce obta9$  %elt] at ! hospital1 is    
/ill "h8 ,i h trac$ h] "h2  c ,i be     
all[$ to see h]8    ,"l ,mont=d1 said   
,"m ,frances1 ,eva's hi/ory is well     
kn[n to me2 & ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ 
t1 :ile ?is  ro( %elt]s h]1 %e %all be  
safe f y\r fur!r  deceptions4    ,nay1 y
 mi/ake1 ,rev4 ,"m1 ,i am come to (f]   
,eva ! only  rep>ation 9 my p[]4 ,z y "k
 my errors1 concealm5t is  useless4 ,my 
fir/ wife is dead1 & ,i am come to make 
h] my own  aga94    ,x took a long "t to
 prep>e ,eva = ?is news2 ,i dread$ x4   
,%e 0 s ne> ! v]ge ( ! grave1 t ,i fe>$ 
! lea/  agitation w\ld be fatal4 ,%e    
bore x calmly2 & :5 ,i _h told  h]1 ,"l 
,mont=d ent]$ ! room1 & ,i left !m      
toge!r4    ,w\ld1 de> read]1 t ,i c\ld  
tell y1 z ! old /ory-books  d1 t ,eva   
liv$ long & happily2 b alas6 no2 %e di$ 
?ree  weeks aft] ?is1 reconcil$ to ,god 
& to ! *ur*4    ,eva ,lady ,mont=d lies 

9 h] quiet grave2 violets are gr[+  :]e 
h] bright head 0 laid l[4 ,! w9ds *ant  
dre>ily  among ! trees t %elt] h] tomb2 
& if y visit x :5  ! morn+ sun gilds !  
fl[]s1 or ! moon silv]s !  leaves1 y w  
always meet !re "o :o1 if he s9n$       
deeply1  has rep5t$ m deeply /ill4    ,f
 ! w9d t sighs ov] ,eva's grave1 comes  
!re1 my de>  "y read]1 no w>n+ to y8 ,is
 !re no secret ho>d$ 9  t he>t ( y\rs1 t
 a "m's eye has nev] p5etrat$2  & if s1 
w x lead to y\r happ9ess 9 ?is _w or !  
next8 ,ah6 no2 concealm5t or deception 9
 ! end works mis]y1  let ! cause be :at 
x may4 ,a pure & op5 he>t be=e ,god1  & 
a j & blameless "o be=e ! _w1 is my     
pray] =  y4    --------    #ghh         
,! ,*ur* & ,h] ,attributes4      ,!     
het]odox ( all %ades recognize1 9 "s =m 
or 9 "s  s5se1 :at !y call ! *ur* (     
,*ri/1 & hold x 9 "s  way necess>y1 or  
at lea/ useful1 to salvation4 ,!        
,anglicans  pr(ess to believe 9 a *ur*  
f\nd$ by ,*ri/ himself1 (  :i* !y claim 
to be a pure or purifi$ bran*2 !        

,presbyt]ians pr(ess to believe t !re is
 a *ur*1 out (  :i* !re is no salvation2
 ! ,me?odi/s & ,bapti/s call  _!        
organizations *ur*es1 & hold !m to be   
p>ts or  bran*es ( "o univ]sal or       
ca?olic *ur*2 & ev5 ,soc9ians1          
,unit>ians1 & ,univ]sali/s1 :o d5y !    
inc>nation1 speak (  ! *ur*1 ?\gh       
precisely :at !y mean by x is n easy to 
say4 ,s f> z we "k1 !re is no sect1     
s*ool1 or p>ty1 n  includ$ among ^? :om 
our !ologians call infidels or          
apo/ates1 t does n pr(ess a belief1 ( "s
 sort1 9 !  holy ca?olic & apo/olic *ur*
 ( ! cre$4    ,9 a controv]sy betwe5 u &
 ! het]odox1 ! "q is  n1 ,an sit        
ecclesia8 b1 ,quid sit ecclesia8 ,!     
controv]sy h+es1 n on ! exi/5ce ( !     
*ur*1 b on  :at ! *ur* is1 & only r>ely 
on :i* is ! true *ur*2  = :5 all h once 
come to agree z to :at ! *ur* is1  !re w
 be little dispute z to :i* %e is4 ,we  
/>t1 !n1  ) ! assumption t !re is some?+
 to be call$ !  *ur* ( ,*ri/1 & proce$  
at once to po9t out :at %e is4    ,!    

*ur* ( ,*ri/1 tak5 9 its mo/            
compreh5sive s5se1 9  all /ates1 places1
 & times1 is1 says ,billu>t3            
,congregatio  fidelium 9 v]o ,dei cultu 
adunatorum sub ,*ri/o capite--!         
congregation ( ! fai?ful1 unit$ "u ,*ri/
 ! head1 9  ! true wor%ip ( ,god4 ,mo/ (
 ! het]odox1 z well z all  ,ca?olics1 w 
accept ?is def9ition4 ,b ?is def9ition  
includes ! fai?ful :o liv$ be=e ,*ri/2 z
 well z ^?  :o h liv$ s9ce1 & z ^? :o   
liv$ & di$ be=e !  inc>nation c\ld n    
ent] into heav5 be=e ! way 0 op5$  by   
our ,"l himself1 :o is ! fir/-born f !  
dead1 & !  resurrection & ! life1 a     
def9ition m p>ticul>ly adapt$  to ! /ate
 ( ! *ur* s9ce ! com+ ( ,*ri/ is ne$$4  
,! *ur* has inde$ exi/$ f ! beg9n+2 b   
be=e !  ,^w 0 actually inc>nat$1 %e     
exi/$ by prophecy & promise  only2 b    
,*ri/ hav+ come & fulfill$ ! promise1 ! 
*ur* exi/s n[ 9 fact1 9 reality1 = !    
reality =etold  & promis$ has come4     
,h5ce ,/4 ,paul1 9 ref]r+ to !  fai?ful 
( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 says1 ,& all ^! be+  

approv$ by ! te/imony ( fai?1 receiv$ n 
! promise--or  ! fulfilm5t ( !          
promise--,god provid+ some?+ bett]  = u1
 t !y %\ld n be p]fect$ )\t u4 ,heb4 xi4
  #ci1 #dj4 ,! *ur*1 be=e ,*ri/1 0      
incomplete1 & ne$$  fur!r fulfilm5t or  
p]fect+2 ! *ur* 9 ! /ate 9  :i* %e exi/s
 s9ce ,*ri/1 is ! *ur* realiz$1         
complet$1  or p]fect$4 ,accord+ to ?is  
/ate1 & z ! k+dom ( ,god  on e>?1 %e is1
 z ,billu>t aga9 def9es3 ,societas      
fidelium  baptizatorum ejusdem fidei    
pr(essione1 eorumdem sacram5torum       
p>ticipatione1 eodem cultu int] se      
adunatorum sub uno capite  ,*ri/o 9     
coelis1 et sub ejus 9 t]ris vic>io summo
  pontifice--! society ( ! fai?ful1     
baptiz$ 9 !  pr(ession ( ! same fai?1   
unit$ 9 ! p>ticipation ( !  same        
sacram5ts & ! same wor%ip1 "u "o head1  
,*ri/ 9  heav51 & on e>? "u 8 vic>1 !   
supreme pontiff4  ,footnote #gj         
,footnote #gj3 ,billu>t1 ,de ,reg4 ,fid4
 ,diss]t4 ,,iii4      ,de ,eccl4 ,art4  
,i4    #ghi    ,all w n accept ! :ole ( 

?is def9ition2 b all w  agree t ! *ur*  
is a society embrac+ all ! fai?ful1     
unit$ 9 ! true wor%ip ( ,god "u "o head1
 ,jesus ,*ri/ 9  heav52 b ! het]odox d5y
 ! union "u "o head or "o  regim5 on    
e>?4 ,b :at is a congregation or society
 ( !  fai?ful "u ,*ri/ its head8 ,a     
congregation or society "u  "o head     
implies bo? unity & multiplicity1 ei!r  
_m made  "o1 or "o manife/+ or explicat+
 itself 9 _m1 & 9  ei!r s5se supposes m 
?an ! het]odox 9 g5]al  und]/& by !     
*ur*4 ,! fai?ful1 congregat$ or         
associat$  "u "o head1 ,*ri/1 are "o    
body1 = ,*ri/ is ! head (  !            
congregation or society1 n m]ely ( !    
individuals  sev]ally2 b ! het]odox     
g5]ally1 9 our times at lea/1  make !   
*ur* consi/ solely ( individuals        
aggregat$ to !  collective body (       
believ]s1 because already unit$ z       
individuals by fai? & love to ,*ri/1 z  
_! head2 :i*  supposes ,*ri/ to be !    
head ( ea* individual ( ! *ur*1  b n ( !
 *ur* h]self4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 m5  

are  reg5]at$ outside ( ! society or    
*ur*1 & jo9 ! *ur*  because suppos$ to  
be reg5]at$ or born aga91 n t !y  may be
 born aga94 ,! *ur* 9 ?is case is simply
 !  aggregate ( reg5]at$ p]sons1 &      
d]ives h] life f  ,*ri/ ?r\gh !m1 in/ead
 ( _! d]iv+ _! life f  ,*ri/ ! head     
?r\gh h]4 ,! "o view makes ! *ur* a     
g5]al t]m1 an ab/raction1 p]=m+ &       
capable (  p]=m+ no "p 9 ! reg5]ation & 
sanctification (  s\ls2 ! o!r makes !   
*ur* a reality1 a real exi/5ce1  liv+ a 
real life n d]iv$ f h] memb]s1 & ! real 
m$ium ?r\gh :i* our ,"l c>ries on 8     
m$iatorial "w2  & !re=e union ) h] is n 
only pr(itable to spiritual  life1 b    
necess>y to its bir? 9 ! s\l1 & !re=e to
  individual salvation4 ,?is mu/ be !   
case if we suppose ,*ri/  to be ! head (
 ! congregation or society call$ ! *ur*1
  & ( individuals sev]ally only z !y are
 affiliat$ to h]4    ,!re is1 we        
suspect1 a deep] philosophy 9 ! *ur* ?an
 !  het]odox 9 g5]al are aw>e (4 ,!     
*ur*1 x 0 said 9  ?is magaz9e1 9 "o ( ! 

essays on ,! ,problems ( !  ,age1 is !  
human race 9 its highe/ s5se1 t is1 !   
reg5]at$ human race1 ! human race 9 !   
teleological ord]1  n 9 ! ord] ( natural
 g5]ation1 :i* is simply cosmic  &      
initial4 ,?is supposes 9 ! *ur* some?+ m
 ?an  individuals1 z1 inde$1 does       
society itself4 ,) no?+ b               
individualities br\ght toge!r !re is no 
society1 !re is  only aggregation1      
because !re is no unity1 no?+ t is "o  &
 common to all ! individuals br\ght     
toge!r4 ,9 all real  society !re is a   
social pr9ciple1 a social life1 9 :i*   
individuals p>ticipate1 b :i* is itself 
n individual1 nor  d]iv$ f ! individuals
 associat$4 ,?us 9 e real  nation1 n a  
pseudo nation made up ( ! =c$           
juxtaposition  ( di/9ct & (t5 ho/ile    
communities1 !re is a real  national    
life4  #gij  ,an insult to ! nation ea* 
"o feels is an insult to himself2  & if 
! exi/5ce ( ! nation is ?reat5$1 e "o 9 
^: he>t ?robs ! national life1 rises1 & 
all1 9 ! f9e  ,biblical expression1 m>* 

z "o man to ! rescue1 prep>$  to save ! 
nation or die 9 its def5ce4    ,! unity 
( social life is /ill m manife/ :5 we   
come to  ! race4 ,we are aw>e ( ! old   
qu>rel betwe5 ! nom9ali/s  &            
conceptuali/s on ! "o h&1 & ! old       
reali/s on !  o!r2 b we dispos$ ( t     
controv]sy 9 ! article  entitl$ ,an ,old
 ,qu>rel1 9 ! ,magaz9e = ,may ( la/     
ye>1 & e/abli%$1 we ?9k1 ! reality (    
g5]a &  species1 :ile we d5i$ t (       
ab/ractions1 or simple m5tal            
conceptions4 ,if we d5y ! reality ( g5]a
 & species1 we  mu/ d5y ! fact (        
g5]ation1 & ! ,ca?olic dogmas ( !  unity
 ( ! species & ( orig9al s94 ,if all m5 
h n  proce$$ f ,adam by way ( natural   
g5]ation1 !re c be no  unity ( !        
species2 & if no unity ( ! species1 !re 
c  be no orig9al s91 :i* is ! s9 9 :i*  
we are born1 !  s9 ( orig91 ! s9 ( !    
race1 transmitt$ by natural  g5]ation f 
,adam to all 8 po/]ity4 ,to d5y !       
reality1  ( ! species is to d5y ?is1 is 
to d5y g5]ation1 t we  are born 9 any   

s5se ( ,adam2 to d5y g5]ation is to d5y 
reg5]ation2 & to d5y reg5]ation is to   
d5y ! :ole  ,*ri/ian or teleological    
ord]4 ,we _c !n logically be  nom9ali/s 
or conceptuali/s & ,*ri/ian believ]s at 
"o &  ! same "t4    ,we d n pret5d t !  
species subsi/s )\t  individualization  
any m ?an we d t ! individual c  subsi/ 
)\t ! species4 ,:at we cont5d = is1 t 9 
e individual !re is t :i* is n          
individual1 b  di/+ui%able f !          
individuality1 :i* is common to all  !  
individuals ( ! species1 & :i* 9 m5 b9ds
 all m51  f ! fir/ to ! la/1 toge!r 9 ! 
unity ( _!  natural head or prog5itor4  
,! species is m ?an !  individual1      
op]ates 9 ! individual1 det]m9es 8      
specific  nature1 & sep>at$ f :i* !     
individual is no?+2 b  ! species does n 
subsi/ )\t individualization1 & c\ld  n 
be explicat$ by natural g5]ation if n   
individualiz$4  ,yet ! entire race 0    
individualiz$ 9 ,adam4    ,we c n[      
und]/& ! ass]tion t ,! *ur* is ! human  
race 9 ! highe/ s5se1 ! reg5]at$ race 9 

its  prog5itor1 its unity & reality1    
!re=e 9 its real head1 9  ! sup]natural 
ord]4 ,! head ( ! reg5]at$ race1 or !   
race 9 ! sup]natural or teleological    
ord]1 is ,*ri/  himself1 ! second ,adam1
 ! ,"l f heav54 ,h5ce ! apo/le  says1 7i
 ,cor4 xv417 ,z 9 ,adam all die1 s 9    
,*ri/ all %all  be made alive4 ,!       
apo/le1 9 ?is fifte5? *apt] ( 8  ,epi/le
 to ! ,cor9?ians1 draws a p>allel betwe5
 ! fir/  ,adam & ! la/ ,adam1 :i* mu/   
hold good be ! race z born  ( ! fir/    
,adam1 & ! race z born anew ( ! la/     
,adam2  &1 !re=e1 ! race born anew mu/  
hold to ,*ri/ 9 !  ord] ( reg5]ation a  
relation /rictly analog\s to t borne  by
 x 9 ! natural or initial ord]1 to !    
fir/ ,adam4 ,!  diff]5ce is1 t 9 !      
natural ord] ! race is explicat$  by    
natural g5]ation1 & 9 ! sup]natural or  
teleological  ord] by ! election (      
grace4 ,b ! relation betwe5 !  memb]s & 
! head is no less real 9 ! "o case ?an 9
 !  o!r1 & we live 9 ! ord] (           
reg5]ation1 if born aga91  ! life (     

,*ri/ z really & truly z 9 ! natural    
ord] we  live ! life ( ,adam4 ,! *ur*1  
!n1 proce$s z really  ?r\gh grace f     
,*ri/1 ! sup]natural head1 z ! race     
itself proce$s f ,adam1 ! natural head4 
#gia    ,?is view ( ! *ur* is su/a9$ by 
,sa9t ,augu/9e1 :o  repres5ts ,*ri/ z   
bo? ! head & ! body ( ! *ur*1  & says   
,*ri/ & 8 memb]s are ! :ole ,*ri/--totus
  ,*ri/us4 ,if we view ! *ur* 9 h]      
orig91 h] pr9ciple1  h] life1 t is1 9 h]
 head & s\l1 %e is ,*ri/ himself2  if we
 view h] z ! congregation or society ( !
 fai?ful1  made "o 9 ! unity ( ! head1 !
 *ur* is ! body (  ,*ri/4 ,h5ce1 ,sa9t  
,paul tea*es1 7,colossians i4 #ah17 t   
,*ri/ is ! head ( ! body2 ! *ur*1 :o is 
!  beg9n+1 ! fir/-born f ! dead2 ! head1
 f :i*  all ! body1 by jo9ts & b&s be+  
suppli$ ) n\ri%m5t  & compact$ gr[e?    
unto ! increase ( ,god4 7,ib4 ii4 #ai47 
,*ri/ is ! head ( ! *ur*2 he is !       
,savi\r ( 8  body4 7,eph4 v4 #bc47 ,n[ y
 are ! body ( ,*ri/1 & memb]s  ( memb]4 
7i ,cor4 xii4 #bg47 ,we are memb]s ( 8  

body1 ( 8  fle%1 & ( 8 bones4 7,eph4 v4 
#cj47 ,& if "o memb] suff]  any?+1 all !
 memb]s suff] ) x3 or if "o memb] glory1
  all ! memb]s rejoice ) x4 7i ,cor4    
xii4 #bf47 ,no?+ c  m cle>ly or         
unequivocally ass]t ,*ri/ z ! head ( !  
*ur*1 ! *ur* z ! body ( ,*ri/1 or !     
memb]s ( !  *ur* z memb]s ( 8 body &    
memb]s ( "o ano!r1 or !  p]fect         
solid>ity ( ,*ri/ & ! *ur*1 & ( ! memb]s
  ( ! *ur* 9 ,*ri/1 & ) "o ano!r1 z     
impli$ 9 !  def9ition ( ! *ur* quot$ f  
,billu>t4    ,! m5 ( ! _w d n und]/&    
?is1 because !y  recognize no exi/5ce b 
t ( individual ?+s1 & h no  conception (
 unity4 ,:at transc5ds ! individual or  
p>ticul>1 is1 = !m1 an empty ^w1 or a   
pure ab/raction1  !re=e no?+4 ,!y h nev]
 ask$ !mselves h[  individuals or       
p>ticul>s c exi/ )\t ! g5]al or         
univ]sal1 nor h[ !re c be m5 )\t ! g5]ic
 man4 ,:at  has n = !m a s5sible exi/5ce
 is1 inde$1 no exi/5ce at  all4 ,!y seem
 nev] to reflect t1 if !re 7 no         
sup]s5sible reality1 !re c\ld be no     

s5sible reality4 ,!  s5sible is mimetic1
 dep5ds on ! intelligible or noetic :i* 
x copies or imitates4 ,take away !      
intelligible or  non-s5sible1 & !       
s5sible w\ld be a m]e appe>ance 9  :i*  
no?+ w\ld appe>--less ?an a va9 %ad[4   
,we h def9$ ! *ur* 9 h] orig91 pr9ciple1
 & life1 to  be ,*ri/ himself2 z !      
society ( ! fai?ful1 to :i* all  !      
fai?ful are affiliat$1 to be ! body (   
,*ri/4 ,b !  pr9ciple on :i* we h ass]t$
 ?is union ( ! fai?ful  ) ,*ri/1 applies
 only to ^? :o are 9 ! ord] (           
reg5]ation2 = 9 t ord] only is ,*ri/ our
 head1 or are  we1 z individuals1       
affiliat$ to him1 & includ$ 9 him1 z  ! 
fa!r ( reg5]at$ humanity2 & h5ce !y :o  
die  unreg5]at$1 suff] ! p5alty (       
orig9al s9 & ( su*  actual s9s z !y may 
h committ$4 ,h[ !n d we ent] t  ord]8   
,by ! new bir?2 by be+ born ( ,*ri/ into
 x1 z we  ent] ! natural ord] by be+    
born ( ,adam4 ,! ,pelagians1  ,soc9ians1
 ,unit>ians1 & ,univ]sali/s reject !    
di/9ction  ( ! two ord]s1 & recognize no

 reg5]at$ humanity2 !  ,calv9i/s1       
,congregationali/s1 ,bapti/s1           
,presbyt]ians1  ,me?odi/s1              
,evangelicals1 etc41 hold t we are      
translat$ f  ! ord] ( nature into ! ord]
 ( grace by ! direct1  imm$iate1 &      
irresi/ible op]ation ( ! ,holy ,gho/4   
#gib  ,b ! ,holy ,gho/1 9 8 imm$iate    
op]ations1 is ,god act+ 9  8 div9e      
nature1 & ! m$ium ( our reg5]ation is   
,god 9  8 human nature1 ! ,man ,*ri/    
,jesus1 :o1 on ?is view1 w\ld  be       
sup]s$$ z ! m$iator ( ,god & m54 ,! ord]
 (  reg5]ation orig9ates 9 ! ,man ,*ri/ 
,jesus1 ! ,^w made  fle%1 or ,god 9 8   
human nature1 n 9 ,god 9 8 div9e        
nature2 & !re=e1 to be 9 t ord]1 we mu/ 
be born (  ,god 9 8 humanity4 ,if we    
c\ld be reg5]at$ by ! ,holy  ,gho/1 or  
,god 9 8 div9e nature alone1 )\t !      
int]v5tion ( ,god 9 8 human nature1 or !
 ,man ,*ri/ ,jesus  z ! m$ium or        
m$iator1 ! inc>nation w\ld g = no?+1  & 
we %\ld be made by ! new bir?1 sons (   
,god 9 8 div9e  nature2 s9ce nei!r !    

,fa!r nor ! ,holy ,gho/ assum$  fle%2 z 
! et]nal ,^w is himself ! son ( ,god1 & 
,god z  he is ,god2 :i*1 we ne$ n say1  
is simply impossible &  absurd4 ,by !   
hypo/atic union ) ! ,^w1 man becomes    
,god 9  8 p]sonality1 b n 9 8 nature1 = 
! human nature  rema9s always human     
nature4 ,! two natures rema91 z we are  
taught 9 ! condemnation ( !             
,monophysites1 = ev] di/9ct  9 ! unity (
 ! "o div9e p]son4 ,by reg5]ation we are
  elevat$1 inde$1 to be sons ( ,god1 b  
sons ( ,god by  p>ticipation ) ! ,et]nal
 ,son 9 8 human1 n 9 8  div9e nature4   
,we are made jo9t-heirs ) ,*ri/1 & sons 
(  ,god by adoption1 n by nature4       
,!re is no act conceivable )\t pr9ciple1
 m$ium1 & end4  ,9 ! creation ( man & ! 
univ]se1 ! ?ree p]sons ( !  holy &      
indivisible ,tr9ity concur1 b 9 div]se  
respects--!  ,fa!r z pr9ciple1 ! ,son or
 ,^w z m$ium1 & ! ,holy  ,gho/ z end or 
consum9ator4 ,9 ! reg5]ation1 :i* ,/4   
,paul  calls a new creation1 ! :ole     
,tr9ity also concur1 ! ,fa!r  z         

pr9ciple1 ! ,son z m$ium1 & ! ,holy     
,gho/ z end1  consummator1 or sanctifi]2
 b "h x is ! ,son 9 8 human  nature1 n 9
 8 div9e nature1 t is ! m$ium2 = ,/4    
,paul says1 ,!re is "o ,god1 & "o       
m$iator ( ,god & m51  ! man ,*ri/       
,jesus4 ,! ,son1 9 8 human nature1 is ! 
m$ium ( ! :ole ord] ( reg5]ation1 or (  
our r$emption1  new bir?1 & return to   
,god z our f9al cause or la/ end4 ,we   
mu/ !n be begott5 ( him 9 8 humanity by 
! ,holy ,gho/1  z ! condition ( be+ born
 into ! reg5]ation1 &  becom+ memb]s ( !
 reg5]at$ human race4 ,! het]odox       
ov]look ?is fact1 & ev5 :5 ass]t+ !     
inc>nation1  leave x no (fice 9 !       
reg5]ation & sanctification (  s\ls1 or1
 at be/1 no cont9u\s or p]man5t (fice4  
,accord+  to !m1 ! m$iatorial "w 0      
complet$ :5 ,*ri/ di$ on  ! cross1 at   
lea/1 :5 he asc5d$ into heav52 & n[ !   
salvation ( s\ls is c>ri$ on by ! ,holy 
,gho/ )\t any  m$ium or any p>ticipation
 ( ,god 9 8 human nature1 z if "o  p]son
 ( ! indivisible ,tr9ity c\ld op]ate    

alone1 )\t  ! concurr5ce ( ! o!r two6   
,?is1 if x 7 possible1  w\ld imply !    
d5ial ( ! unity ( ,god1 & ! ass]tion (  
! ?ree p]sons ( ! ,godhead z ?ree ,gods1
 n ?ree p]sons  9 "o ,god4 ,! het]odox1 
! sup]naturali/s1 z well z !            
naturali/s1 really d5y ! :ole ord] (    
grace z proce$+  f ,god 9 8 human       
nature1 its only possible m$ium1 & h5ce 
! reason :y !y s univ]sally %r9k f call+
 ,m>y !  ,"m ( ,god1 & accuse ( idolatry
 ! devotion :i*  ,ca?olics pay to h]4   
#gic  ,?\gh ! et]nal ,^w took ! fle% he 
assum$ f h]1 yet1  z t fle% is n 9 _!   
view ! m$ium ( our spiritual  life1 !y  
_c see 9 h]1 m ?an 9 any o!r pure &     
holy woman1 any connection ) our        
reg5]ation1 & our  spiritual or et]nal  
life4 ,!y _c see t1 9 d5y+ h]  claims1  
!y virtually reject ! :ole ,*ri/ian     
ord]4    ,! difficulty1 ?\gh n ! my/]y1 
disappe>s ! mom5t we  recognize !       
sacram5tal pr9ciple1 :i* x 0 ! prime    
object ( ! ,re=m]s to elim9ate f !      
,*ri/ian sy/em4  ,9 ! def9ition ( !     

*ur*1 %e is said to be ! society  ( !   
fai?ful baptiz$ 9 ! pr(ession ( ! same  
fai?1 &  unit$ int] se 9 ! p>ticipation 
( ! same  sacram5ts4 ,! sacram5ts are   
all visible signs  signify+1 t is1      
communicat+ grace to ! recipi5t4 ,among 
^! sacram5ts is "o1 :i* is ! sacram5t ( 
fai?1 !  sacram5t ( reg5]ation1 t is1   
baptism1 9 :i* we receive  ! gift (     
fai?1 & are born memb]s ( ,*ri/'s body1 
&  unit$ to him z our head1 & z ! head (
 ! reg5]at$  race4 ,9 baptism we are    
reg5]at$1 born into ! sup]natural  ord]1
 ! k+dom ( heav51 & h ! life ( ,*ri/    
infus$  by ! ,holy ,gho/ into u1 s t    
h5ce=? we become fle% (  8 fle%1 bone ( 
8 bone1 "o ) him1 & "o ) all !  fai?ful 
9 him1 z really unit$ to him 9 !        
spiritual ord]1  z we are to ,adam 9 !  
natural ord]1 & d]ive our spiritual     
life f him z really z we d]ive f ,god1  
?r\gh ,adam1 our  natural life4 ,?is is 
:at we und]/& ,/4 ,paul to mean :5 he   
says1 ,x is writt51 ! fir/ man1 ,adam1 0
 made a liv+  s\l2 ! la/ ,adam a quick5+

 _s4 ,! sacram5ts are all  effective ex 
op]e op]ato1 & ?r\gh !m ! ,holy  ,gho/  
infuses ! grace special to ea*1 :5 !    
recipi5t  opposes no ob/acle to x4      
,infants are incapable ( (f]+ any       
ob/acle1 & are reg5]at$ by baptism 9    
,*ri/ & jo9$ to  him4 ,9 ! case ( adults
 :o h gr[n up )\t fai?1 !  prohib5tia1  
or ob/acles to fai?1 mu/ be remov$1 by  
reasons t conv9ce ! und]/&+ & produce   
:at  !ologians call fides humama1 or    
human fai?1 su* fai?  z we h 9 ! tru? ( 
hi/orical ev5ts2 b ?is fai? is  :olly 9 
! natural ord]1 al?\gh x embraces ?+s 9 
!  sup]natural ord] z its mat]ial       
object1 & does n at all  unite u to     
,*ri/ z our head4 ,x br+s u1 :5 fai?ful 
to  our convictions1 to ! sacram5t (    
baptism1 b _c  introduce u into ! ord] (
 reg5]ation2 ! fai? t  unites u to !    
body ( ,*ri/1 & ?r\gh x ) ,*ri/         
himself1 or div9e fai?1 is ! gift (     
,god1 & is infus$ into  ! s\l by ! ,holy
 ,gho/ 9 ! sacram5t ( baptism itself4   
,footnote #ga        ,footnote #ga3     

,!ologians g5]ally tea* t an act (      
sup]natural fai?1 elicit$ by ! aid ( a  
special      transi5t grace1 prec$es !  
infusion ( ! habit (      fai?4--,ed4   
,ca?olic ,_w4    ,h5ce1 9 h] pres5t     
/ate1 only ! baptiz$ belong to !        
society call$ ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 & only !  
baptiz$ are  unit$ z "o body "u ,*ri/1  
_! head 9 heav51 or "u  8 vic> on e>?4  
,! satisfaction or atonem5t made by our 
,"l to div9e ju/ice1 ?\gh x 0 made =    
all1 & is ample  = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w1   
avails individuals1 or becomes          
practically !irs1 only z ?r\gh baptism1 
vel 9 re1 vel 9  voto1 !y are really    
unit$ to ,him1 & are 9 ,him z _!  head1 
z we 7 9 ,adam2 & h5ce ! dogma1 extra   
ecclesiam  nulla salus1 judg$ by ! _w to
 be s h>% &  illib]al1 is f\nd$ 9 ! v   
nature & design ( !  *ur*1 ( ! :ole     
m$iatorial "w ( ,*ri/1 & 9 ! v  reason (
 ! inc>nation itself4  #gid  ,to say a  
man c be sav$ out ( ! *ur*1 is say+     
simply a  man c be sav$ out ( ,*ri/1 )\t
 be+ born ( ,him1--z  impossible z = "o 

to be a man &1 9 humanity1 )\t be+  born
 ( ,adam4 ,! ju/ice1 ! sanctity1 !      
m]its1 ! life (  ,*ri/1 c be really     
ours1 only z we are really assimilat$ to
  ,8 body1 & are 9 ,him z our liv+ head1
 our ,fa!r 9 !  ord] ( grace2 & h5ce x 0
 n idly or inconsid]ately1  t ,/4       
,cyprian1 "o ( ! pr(\nde/ ( ! fa!rs1    
said3  ,he _c h ,god = 8 fa!r1 :o has n 
! *ur* =  8 "m4 ,x lies 9 ! v nature ( !
 case4    ,! o!r sacram5ts are *annels (
 grace f ! head to !  body & its memb]s2
 & are all means ( su/a9+ or  re/or+ !  
life begott5 9 baptism1 pres]v+1        
diffus+1 or  def5d+ ! fai?1 br++ up     
*ildr5 9 ! nurture ( !  ,"l1 augm5t+ !  
life & compact+ ! union ( ! body (      
,*ri/1 & solac+ individuals 9 _!        
illnesses1 &  com=t+ & /r5g!n+ s\ls 9 _!
 passage ?r\gh !  d>k valley ( dea?4 ,! 
sacram5tal sy/em is complete1 &         
provides = all our spiritual wants4     
,baptism initiates u into  ! life (     
,*ri/2 ! ,holy ,eu*>i/ n\ri%es t life 9 
u2  ,p5ance re/ores x :5 lo/ by s92     

,confirmation gives /r5g?  & h]oic      
c\rage to )/& & repel ! assaults (      
,satan2  ,ord]s provide prie/s = (f]+ ! 
unbloody sacrifice1 !  /ew>ds ( !       
my/]ies ( ,*ri/1 int]cessors = ! p1     
tea*]s1 directors1 & def5d]s1 9 ! "n (  
,*ri/1 ( !  ,*ri/ian society2 ,matrimony
 in/itutes & blesses ! ,*ri/ian  family2
 & ,extreme ,unction heals ! sick1 or   
su/a9s1  /r5g!ns1 & consoles ! dep>t+4  
,inde$1 ! sacram5ts  meet all !         
necessities ( ! s\l1 9 bo? ! natural & !
  sup]natural ord]s1 f its bir? to its  
dep>ture1 & ev5  leave u n on ! br9k ( !
 grave1 b accompany u till  receiv$ into
 ! *oir ( ! j made p]fect4    ,! m$ium (
 all sacram5tal grace is ! ,man ,*ri/   
,jesus1 !  ,^w made fle%1 & ! sacram5ts 
are ! m$ia ?r\gh :i*  ! grace ( our ,"l 
,jesus ,*ri/ fl[s out f him1 !          
,f\nta91--! grace t begets ! new life1  
ju/ifies1  sanctifies1 & makes pleas+ to
 ,god1 we mean1--is infus$ by  ! ,holy  
,gho/ into ! s\l1 & con/itutes alike !  
vital  pr9ciple ( ! individual1 & ( !   

:ole body1 quick5+  & su/a9+ ea*4 ,9    
reject+ sacram5tal grace1 !  het]odox   
sep>ate ! individual s\l1 & also ! *ur* 
h]self1 f all real communion or         
int]c\rse ) ,*ri/1 or  ,god 9 8 human   
nature1 & accept ! sem9al pr9ciple (    
rationalism1 into :i* we see !m ev]y:]e 
fall+4 ,!y  dissolve ,*ri/1 & r5d] ! ,^w
 effici5t only 9 8 div9e  nature4 ,!    
sacram5ts are ! m$ia ( our union ) ,god 
9 8  human nature1 ?r\gh :i* ! hypo/atic
 union is1 9 "s  sort1 repeat$ 9 u1 or  
made by ! ,holy ,gho/ practically       
effectual to ! ju/ice & sanctity (      
believ]s1 & !  p]fect+ ( ! *ur*1 :i* is 
! body ( ,*ri/2 & z  ?is grace1 9 its   
pr9ciple & m$ium1 is ,*ri/ himself1 all 
:o are born ( x are born ( him1 & ! life
 :i* !y live  9 & by x is ! "o life (   
,god 9 8 humanity4  #gie  ,look+ at !   
*ur*1 9 :at !ologians call h] s\l1 %e is
  lit]ally & truly ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus1 &
 look+ at h] z  ! :ole congregation ( ! 
fai?ful1 %e is ! body (  ,*ri/1 & relat$
 to him z ! body to ! s\l4 ,x is ?is    

intimate relation ( ! *ur* to ,god 9 8  
human nature1 t  l$ ,moehl] to repres5t 
! *ur* z 9 "s sort !  cont9uation on    
e>?1 9 a visible =m1 ( ! ,inc>nation2 & 
%e is c]ta9ly s closely unit$ to 8 div9e
 p]sonality1  t we may say truly1 t he  
is h] p]sonality1 z really z  he is !   
p]sonality ( ! fle% he assum$ &         
hypo/atically  unit$ to himself4 ,p]rone
 says t1 if we exclude f ?is  view all  
pan!i/ic conceptions1 x is scriptural1  
&1  moreov]1 su/a9$ by ! fa!rs1         
especially ,/4 ,a?anasius1  :o says1 9  
writ+ ( ! ,inc>nation1 ,et cum ,petrus  
dicat3  c]tissime sciat ergo omnis domus
 ,israel1 quia et ,dom9um eum1 et       
,*ri/um fecit ,deus1 hunc ,jesum qu]n   
vos crucifixi/is3 non de  div9itate ejus
 dicit1 quod ,dom9um ipsum et ,*ri/um   
fu]it1 s$  de humanitate ejus1 quae e/  
,,univ]sa ,,ecclesia1 quae 9 ipso       
dom9atur et regnat1 po/quam crucifixus  
ipse e/3 et quae  erigitur ad regnum    
coelorum1 ut cum illa regnet1 qui       
seipsum pro  illa ex9anivit et qui      

induta s]vili =ma1 ipsam  assumpsit4    
,footnote #gb ,*ri/1 9 8 humanity1 is ! 
univ]sal *ur*1 :i* rules & reigns 9 him4
 ,we _c /udy  ! great fa!rs ( ! *ur* too
 assidu\sly1 & we wi% we  _h e>li] kn[n 
x4 ,! doctr9e we are try+ to set =? is  
!re4        ,footnote #gb3 ,edit4 ,maur4
 opp4 tom4 i4 p4 #b1 p4 #hhg2 apud      
,p]rone1 ,praelect4 ,locis ,!olog4 p4   
,i4 c4 #b2 ,de ,anima      ,ecclesiae1  
,art4 ,i4    ,!re is no?+ "h t favors   
pan!ism3    #a4 ,because ! hypo/atic    
union is by ! creative act ( ,god1      
z mu* s z ! creation ( ,adam4    #b4    
,because1 al?\gh ,god is really ! *ur*1 
reg>d$ 9 h]       s\l1 x is ,god 9 8    
human1 :i* is = ev] di/9ct       f 8    
div9e nature1 & !re=e 9 8 creat$ nature4
    #c4 ,because ! ,^w 0 inc>nat$ 9 an  
individual1 n 9 !       species1 z "s   
rationali/s dream1 save z ! species 0   
individualiz$ 9 ! individual nature he  
assum$2 &1    #d4 ,because1 ?\gh ,*ri/  
is id5tically ! s\l1 !       in=m+      
pr9ciple1 ! life ( ! *ur*1 ! individuals

       affiliat$ to ! body ( ! *ur*     
reta9 _!       individuality1 _! human  
p]sonality1 & !re=e _!       own free-w1
 p]sonal id5tity1 activity1 or _!       
"* z free moral ag5ts4  ,n all          
individuals app>5tly affiliat$ to ! body
 ( !  *ur* are really assimilat$ to h]1 
& vitally unit$ to !  body ( ,*ri/4 ,!y 
p]ta9 to ! society ext]nally1 b n  by an
 inw>d union ) ,*ri/1 ! head & s\l4 ,!y 
are1 z  ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 9 n ( ! *ur*1
 z !  dead p>ticles ( matt] 9 ! human   
body :i* receive n1 or  h ceas$ to      
receive1 life f x1 & are con/antly fly+ 
or ca/ (f4 ,gratia supponit naturam4    
,all ! op]ations  ( grace presuppose    
nature1 & nature has always ! p[] to    
resi/ grace4 ,)\t grace nature _c concur
 ) grace2 yet  ev5 !y :o h be5 born     
aga91 & h ent]$ into !  ord] (          
reg5]ation1 are always able to fall     
away1 or back1  practically1 into !     
natural ord]4 ,n e individual 9 !  *ur* 
is assimilat$ to h]1 nor e "o :o is     
assimilat$ to  h] w cont9ue to ! end4 ,b

 %e h]self survives _! loss  & rema9s   
always "o & ! same body ( ,*ri/4    #gif
    ,we h dwelt at great l5g? on ?is    
view ( ! *ur*1 n  because we h any      
special p>tiality or aptitude = my/ic   
!ology1 b because we h wi%$ to %[ t !   
*ur* is  n some?+ purely ext]nal &      
arbitr>y4 ,we hold t all !  works ( ,god
 are real1 & h a real & solid reason (  
be+  9 ! ord] ( ?+s :i* he has se5 prop]
 to create4 ,he  does no?+ 9 !          
sup]natural ord]1 any m ?an 9 !  natural
 ord]1 )\t a reason1 & a good & valid   
reason4 ,we  h wi%$ to get at ! reality1
 & to %[ t ,ca?olicity  is n a %am1 a   
make-believe1 a reput+ ( ?+s to be t    
are n2 b a reality1 z real 9 its own    
ord] z ! ord] (  nature itself1 &1 9    
fact1 ev5 m s1 z nature is mimetic1  &  
,ca?olicity1 to borr[ a t]m f ,plato1 is
 me!xic1  & p>ticipates ( ! div9e       
reality itself4 ,all het]odox  sy/ems   
are %ams1 unphilosophical1 sophi/ical1 &
 incapable (  su/a9+ a rigid exam9ation4
 ,_! abettors d n1 & d>e  n1 reason on  

!m4 ,! age supposes ,ca?olicity is no   
bett]1  is equally unsub/antial1 unreal1
 dissolv+ & vani%+ 9  ?9 air at ! fir/  
glance ( reason4 ,we h wi%$ to %[  ! age
 its mi/ake1 & to let x see t           
,ca?olicity c be>  ! mo/ ?or\gh         
inve/igation1 & t x has no?+ to fe>  f !
 mo/ rigid dialectics4 ,we d n pret5d to
 dive/ x (  my/]ies1 or to expla9 !     
my/]ies s z to br+ !m )9  ! compreh5sion
 ( our feeble und]/&+s1 b to %[ t  !    
*ur*1 ) all h] attributes & functions1  
has a reason  9 ! div9e m9d & 9 ! ord] (
 ?+s ( :i* we make a  "p1 & is a real1  
inw>d life1 z well z an outw>d =m4    ,f
 ! view ( ! *ur* :i* we h pres5t$1 x is 
easy  to d$uce h] attributes4 ,%e is 9  
"s sort1 accord+ to ,/4  ,a?anasius1 !  
human nature ( ,*ri/1 or ,*ri/ 9 8      
humanity1 & he is h] div9e p]sonality1 =
 8 humanity is  insep>able f 8 div9e    
p]son4 ,t %e is "o1 foll[s1  necess>ily1
 f ! unity ( ,*ri/'s p]son1 f ! fact  t1
 9 h] s\l1 %e is ,*ri/ &1 9 h] body1 is 
8 body4  ,h] unity is ! unity ( ,*ri/   

himself1 & ! unity ( !  life %e lives 9 
him4 ,!re are individual di/9ctions &   
ev5  v>ieties ( race or family among m5 
9 ! natural ord]1 b  all m5 are m5 only 
9 t !y are "o 9 ! unity ( !  species4   
,jesus ,*ri/ is n only ! individual man 
,*ri/  ,jesus1 b also 9 ! ord] (        
reg5]ation ! species1 z ,adam  0 bo? an 
individual man & ! entire species 9 !   
ord] (  g5esis or g5]ation4 ,! *ur* z   
gr[+ out ( !  inc>nation1 &1 9 "s s5se1 
cont9u+ x1 & 9 h] body  compos$ (       
individuals born ( him & affiliat$ to   
him1 mu/  necess>ily be "o1 "o 9 h]     
fai?1 "o 9 h] sacram5ts1 "o  9 h]       
wor%ip1 "o 9 h] love1 "o 9 ! life t fl[s
  ?r\gh h]1 animates & invigorates h]1 f
 ! "o ,*ri/1  :o is h] =ma1 or in=m+    
pr9ciple1 z ! s\l is  ! in=m+ pr9ciple (
 ! body--anima e/ =ma  corporis1 z !    
holy ,c\ncil ( ,cl]mont def9es4         
,div]sity  9 any ( ^! respects breaks ! 
unity ( ! body &  int]rupts communion ) 
! head1 & ! communion ( ! body  ) ! s\l1
 :5ce is d]iv$ its life4 ,x is !re=e all

  ,*ri/ians h always held h]esy & s*ism 
to be deadly s9s1  & ! mo/ deadly ( all4
 ,!y n only sev] ^? guilty (  !m f !    
body or ext]nal communion ( ! *ur*1 b f 
h] int]nal communion1 f ,*ri/ himself1 !
 only s\rce (  sup]natural & div9e life4
  #gig  ,!re is n only ! grosse/        
+ratitude & bas5ess 9 h]esy  & s*ism1 b 
!re is spiritual dea? 9 !m4 ,by !m we   
die  to ,*ri/ z1 9 ! natural ord]1 we   
%\ld die to ,adam1 or  lose our natural 
life1 if we 7 depriv$ ( our humanity or 
cut  (f f communion ) its natural head4 
,x is n f bigotry  or intol]ance t !    
*ur* reg>ds h]esy & s*ism )  horror2 x  
is because !y necess>ily sep>ate ! s\l f
  ,*ri/1 & de/roy its spiritual life2   
because !y reject  ,*ri/1 & crucify him 
afre%4 ,x is s 9 ! v nature (  ! case1 &
 %e c no m make x n s1 ?an !            
ma!matician c make ! ?ree angles ( a    
triangle n  equal to two "r angles4 ,x  
is n1 !re=e1 )\t reason  t ! *ur* has   
always insi/$ t to keep ! unity ( !     
fai? is ! fir/ ( ,*ri/ian duties1 or t  

,/4 ,paul bids ,/4  ,timo?y to keep !   
deposit1 & to hold fa/ ! =m ( s\nd      
words2 = )\t ! fai? x is impossible to  
please ,god4 ,we  "k m5 may err )\t be+ 
h]etics2 we "k t inv9cible  ignorance1  
an ignorance n culpable 9 its cause1    
excuses f  s9 9 t :]e( "o is inv9cibly  
ignorant2 b !re is no  inv9cible        
ignorance :]e "o may "k ! tru?1 b w n2  
& inv9cible ignorance itself _c reg5]ate
 ! s\l1 &  elevate x to ! sup]natural   
ord]1 :i* c be done only by  fai? giv5 9
 baptism4    ,! *ur* is holy1 holy 9 h] 
doctr9es1 h] wor%ip1 h] life1  & 9 h]   
liv+ memb]s4 ,?is foll[s necess>ily f ! 
fact1 t 9 h] s\l %e is ,*ri/1 & h] body 
! body (  ,*ri/4 ,%e is holy z he is    
holy1 & because he is holy1 z %e  is "o 
because he is "o4 ,d\btless all         
individuals 9 h]  communion are n holy2 
= m5 may1 z we h se51 be  9 ! *ur* & n (
 ! *ur*4 ,reg5]ation1  or ! infus$      
habits ( fai?1 ju/ice1 & sanctity1 d n  
de/roy "o's individuality1 or take away 
"o's free-w2 m5  may1 if !y w1 pr(ane ! 

sacram5ts1 eat or dr9k  unwor?ily1 ev5  
fall f grace1 & become gross s9n]s      
aga9/ ,god & crim9als be=e ! /ate4 ,^!  
are n holy1  b ! rev]se2 yet all :o are 
born aga91 & are unit$ by a  liv+ bond  
to ! *ur*1 may d]ive1 if !y w1 life f   
,*ri/ ?r\gh h]1 & all :o d s are holy 9 
h] hol9ess1  z %e is holy 9 ! hol9ess ( 
,*ri/4 ,8 life1 ! life (  ,god 9 8      
humanity1 is _! life4    ,! attempt to  
disprove ! sanctity ( ! *ur* f ! bad    
conduct ( "s1 if y w _m1 ( h] memb]s1   
ov]looks !  real "* ( ! *ur*1 supposes  
h] to be simply an  aggregation (       
individuals1 liv+ only ! life %e d]ives 
f  !m2 & x also />ts f ! false          
assumption t grace is  irresi/ible &    
inamissible4 ,poor ,lu!r1 9 ! morbid    
/ate  into :i* he fell 9 8 conv5t1 c\ld 
f9d relief only 9  assum+ t1 z he _h    
once be5 9 grace1 he mu/ be /ill 9      
grace1 & sure ( salvation2 = grace1 once
 _h1 c nev] be  lo/1 h[ev] "o may s9    
aft] hav+ receiv$ x4 ,yet ?is  doctr9e 0
 false1 & b = 8 morbid1 half insane /ate

 (  m9d1 he w\ld nev] h ent]ta9$ x = a  
mom5t4  ,prote/antism sprang f ! diseas$
 /ate ( ,lu!r's s\l4 ,a  sad orig94     
,! *ur* is visible z well z invisible4  
,?is also  foll[s necess>ily4 ,! int]nal
 life ( ! *ur* is  invisible1 hidd5 )   
,god2 b ! body ( ! *ur* is  visible1 z 0
 ! body ( ,*ri/ :5 on e>?4  #gih  ,!    
*ur* is compos$1 z we h se51 ( body &   
s\l1 &  ev]ybody liv+ on e>? 9 space &  
"t1 is by its own nature  visible1 &    
w\ld n be body if x 7 n4 ,! body ( !    
*ur* is compos$ ( individuals unit$ 9 ! 
pr(ession ( !  same fai?1 & 9 !         
p>ticipation ( ! same sacram5ts1  "u "o 
head1 & is !re=e1 s9ce ! individuals are
  visible1 a visible body4 ,! :ole      
analogy ( ! case supposes  h] to be bo? 
invisible & visible1 z are all !        
sacram5ts1  :i* are visible signs or    
m$ia ( invisible grace4 ,! *ur*  is !   
m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! s\l is reg5]at$ &     
comes  into communion ) ,*ri/1 ! head1 &
 d]ives life f 8  life2 & h[ if n       
visible c\ld we "k :]e to f9d h]1 or  be

 able to approa* h] sacram5ts1 & ?r\gh  
!m be born  aga91 & be unit$ 9 !        
sup]natural ord] to ,*ri/1 z 9  !       
natural ord] we are unit$ to ,adam8 ,no3
 ! *ur* is z a  city set on a hill1 & _c
 be hidd52 & is set on a hill1  made    
visible1 t all may behold h]1 & flock )9
 h]  walls4    ,! *ur* is indefectible4 
,?is foll[s f ! fact t  ,*ri/ himself ^:
 body %e is1 is indefectible1 & dies no 
m1 b ev] live? & reigne?4 ,no matt] :e!r
 y call  ! rock on :i* he said he w\ld  
build 8 *ur*1 & aga9/  :i* ! gates (    
hell %all n prevail1 ,pet]1 ! tru? t    
,pet] confess$1 or ,*ri/ himself1 h]    
indefectibility is  equally ass]t$4 ,he 
himself 9 e case1 is ! *ief  corn]-/one1
 is1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ! rock2 & ! *ur* 
_c fail1 n because m5 may n fail1 b     
because he :o is  h] support1 h] life1  
_c fail1 s9ce he is ,god1 & z truly     
,god 9 8 human nature z 9 8 div9e       
nature4 ,! het]odox (  all %ades1 h[ev] 
!y may err z to :at %e is1 hold1 z we  h
 se51 t ! *ur* is1 9 "s =m1             

indefectible4    ,! *ur* is             
au?oritative4 ,h] au?ority is ! au?ority
 (  ,*ri/2 & 8 au?ority is ! au?ority ( 
,god 9 8 human  nature4 ,all p[] is giv5
 unto me1 he said1 9 heav5 & 9  e>?1 &  
!re=e is he exalt$ to be ,k+ ( k+s & ,"l
  ( lords1 s t at ! "n ( ,jesus e knee  
%\ld b[4  ,! *ur* is ,*ri/ 9 8 humanity1
 & 8 au?ority is h]s1  = x is 9 & ?r\gh 
h] t he ex]cises 8 au?ority4 ,to  resi/ 
h]1 is to resi/ him1 & to resi/ him is  
to resi/ ,god4  ,he t despise? y1       
despise? me1 & he t despise? me1        
despise? him t s5t me4 ,?is is no       
arbitr>y au?ority1 or  au?ority re/+    
solely on an ext]nal commission or      
appo9tm5t4 ,x is int]nal & real 9 !     
*ur*1 z ! body  ( ,*ri/1 because he is 9
 h]1 lives 9 h]1 & gov]ns 9 &  ?r\gh h]4
 ,x is1 !n1 no light ?+ to resi/ !      
au?ority  ( ! *ur*2 = to d s1 is n to   
resi/ ! au?ority (  fallible m51 b !    
au?ority ( ,god--is to resi/ !  au?ority
 ( ! ,holy ,gho/ himself4 ,! age feels  
x1 & seeks  to ju/ify itself 9 reject+ !

 *ur* by d5y+ ! ,div9e  sov]eignty1 or t
 ,god has any rightful au?ority ov] !   
creatures he has made4 ,x dem&s lib]ty1 
& ,m4 ,pr\dhon1 a man  ( iron logic1    
ma9ta9$ t to ass]t lib]ty 9 ! s5se  ?is 
age ass]ts x1 we mu/ de?rone ,god1 &    
annihilate belief  9 8 exi/5ce4 ,once   
admit ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 he said1  & y   
mu/ admit ! au?ority claim$ by ! *ur*1 !
  papal despotism & all4 ,we h met ?is  
d5ial ( ! ,div9e  sov]eignty 9 ! essay  
on ,rome & ! ,_w1 9 !  curr5t volume ( !
 ,magaz9e1 & prov$1 we ?9k              
conclusively1 t ,god is sov]eign ,"l &  
,proprietor ( all  8 works4  #gii  ,v   
few p are will+ to av[ !mselves a!i/s1  
h[ev]  a!i/ic may be _! speculations2 & 
mo/ p h1 aft]  all1 a lurk+ belief t    
,god is sov]eign1 & has pl5>y  au?ority 
ov] all ! creatures he has made4 ,conc$e
 ?is1 &  ! au?ority ( ! ,son is conc$$2 
& if ! au?ority ( !  ,son is conc$$1 t (
 ! *ur* _c be d5i$ or  que/ion$4    ,!  
*ur* is infallible4 ,?is foll[s         
necess>ily1 if our ,"l  himself is      

infallible1 :i* x 7 impi\s to d\bt4 ,our
 ,"l  is ,god 9 8 human nature inde$2 b 
,god 9 8 human nature is  ,god no less  
?an 9 8 div9e nature4 ,9 ?is is ! my/]y 
(  ! inc>nation--t ,god %\ld humble     
himself1 assume ! =m  ( a s]vant1       
annihilate himself1 z x 71 become man1 &
 be  ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( !   
cross1 & yet be ,god1  h all ! fulness (
 ! ,godhead dwell 9 him bodily2 ?is is  
a my/]y t only ,god himself c fa?om4 ,we
 "k f  revelation ! fact1 & c und]/& its
 relation to our  r$emption1            
ju/ification1 sanctification1 &         
glorification2 b  x rema9s a fact be=e  
:i* we d1 & always mu/1 /& 9  awe &     
wond]4 ,if ,*ri/ is ,god1 ,god 9 8      
humanity & also 9  8 div9ity1 = he      
includes bo? natures 9 ! unity ( 8      
div9e p]son4 ,he has all ! attributes ( 
div9ity1 :ile he  has also all !        
attributes ( humanity1 :at ! fa!rs mean 
:5 !y say1 he is p]fect ,god & p]fect   
man4 ,he kn[s all  ?+s1 & c d all ?+s1 &
 c nei!r deceive nor be  deceiv$4 ,he is

 ! div9e p]sonality ( ! *ur*1 :o is n  !
 individual man1 b ! human nature       
hypo/atically unit$ to  himself1 z we h 
se5 f ,/4 ,a?anasius4 ,8 life is h]     
life1 & %e mu/1 !re=e1 be infallible z  
he is infallible4  ,he :o is infallible 
z ,god is infallible lives 9 h]1 & %e   
lives1 brea!s1 moves1 & acts by him & 9 
him4 ,h[ !n1 c  %e be n infallible8 ,h[ 
c\ld %e err8 ,%e c\ld no m err  z to !  
tru? t lives & speaks 9 h] ?an ,god     
himself1  = %e is all 9 him1 & 9 h] s\l 
indi/+ui%able f  him4 ,%e is n          
infallible by ext]nal appo9tm5t or      
commission  alone1 b really s 9 h]self1 
9 h] own life &  intellig5ce4 ,we speak 
( ! s\l ( ! *ur*1 b z h] s\l  & body are
 n sep>at$ or sep>able1 %e mu/ be       
equally  infallible 9 h] body1 or z !   
body ( ,*ri/1 :o is ! life  & in=m+     
pr9ciple ( ! body4 ,! body ( ! *ur*1 by 
virtue ( its union ) ,*ri/ is1 & mu/ be1
 infallible4 ,b  ! body ( ! *ur* is a   
society ( individuals2 & is x  meant t  
all individuals 9 ! communion ( ! *ur*  

are  infallible8 ,!re is 9 ! *ur*       
reg5]at$ humanity :i*1  ?\gh x subsi/s n
 )\t individualization1 is n            
individual4 ,?is reg5]at$ humanity is   
unit$ to ,*ri/1 its  reg5]ator1 & d]ives
 its life f him4 ,9 all !  individuals  
affiliat$ or assimilat$ to ! body ( !   
*ur*1  !re is bo? ?is reg5]at$ humanity 
& _! own  individuality4 ,z reg5]at$    
humanity1 no "o c err1 b 9  _!          
individuality all individuals d or may  
err m or less4  ,reason is 9 all m51 &  
reason )9 its sph]e is infallible2  b   
all m5 are n infallible 9 _! und]/&+ (  
:at is  reason1 or :at reason tea*es4   
,individuals :o are 9 !  communion ( !  
*ur*1 s f> z made "o ) h] body & "o  ) !
 indwell+ ,*ri/1 are infallible 9 8     
infallibility2  b 9 _! individuality !y 
are n infallible4  #hjj  ,h5ce1 :5 x is 
said ! *ur* is infallible1 ! mean+ is1  
t %e is infallible 9 ! univ]sal1 n 9 !  
p>ticul>1  or 9 ! s5se 9 :i* %e is "o1 n
 9 ! s5se 9 :i*  %e is _m4 ,our fai? z  
individual believ]s is infallible only  

9 believ+ ) ! *ur*1 :at %e 9 h] unity & 
integrity  believes & tea*es4    ,!     
*ur*1 we %\ld h said be=e1 is ca?olic4  
,?is foll[s  f h] unity & complet5ess4  
,ca?olic means ! :ole1  or univ]sal2 &  
s9ce ! *ur* is "o1 & is ! body (  ,*ri/1
 :o is ! way1 ! tru?1 & ! life1 %e _c b 
be ca?olic4 ,%e is ca?olic1 9 ! words ( 
! cate*ism1  because %e subsi/s 9 all   
ages1 tea*es all nations1 &  ma9ta9s all
 tru?4 ,%e is ca?olic because 9 h] s\l  
%e is  ,*ri/ himself2 because 9 h] body 
%e is ! body ( ,*ri/2  because %e is !  
:ole reg5]at$ human race 9 _! head1  !  
second ,adam4 ,hav+ ,*ri/1 :o1 9 ! ord] 
(  reg5]ation1 is at once univ]sal &    
individual1 %e has !  :ole1 has !       
univ]sal life ( ,*ri/1 has all tru?1 =  
he is  ! tru? itself & 9 itself1 & is ! 
only way ( salvation2  = !re is no o!r  
"n giv5 "u heav5 among m5 :]eby  we c be
 sav$--nei!r is !re salvation 9 ano!r4  
,%e  subsi/s 9 all ages1 prior to !     
inc>nation1 z we h se51  by prophecy &  
promise2 s9ce ! inc>nation1 9 fact &    

reality2 & has au?ority to tea* all     
nations1 & is set to  make all ! k+doms 
( ?is _w ! k+dom ( ,god & 8  ,*ri/4     
,:atev] is outside ( h] is outside (    
,*ri/1 & is  necess>ily non-ca?olic4    
,! *ur* is apo/olic4 ,?is means t %e is 
end[$ )  au?ority to tea* & gov]n1 n    
m]ely t %e desc5ds 9  ! direct l9e f !  
apo/les1 ! *ief ag5ts 9 f\nd+  & build+ 
h] up1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 t is impli$ 9 h]  
unity & ca?olicity 9 "t no less ?an 9   
space4 ,x means  t %e is clo!d )        
apo/olic au?ority2 t is1 au?ority  9    
doctr9e & discipl9e4 ,?is au?ority is   
di/+ui%able  f ! sac]dotal "* conf]r$ 9 
! sacram5t (  ord]s4 ,m5 may h valid    
ord]s1 be real prie/s1 & actually       
consecrate 9 s*ism1 or ev5 h]esy1 z is !
 case ) !  cl]gy ( ! s*ismatic ,greek   
,*ur* & "s ( ! ,ori5tal  sects4 ,b ^!   
s*ismatic or h]etical prie/s h no       
apo/olic au?ority1 no au?ority to tea*  
or gov]n 9 !  *ur*1 no au?ority 9       
doctr9e or discipl9e1 & all _!          
sac]dotal acts are irregul> & illicit4  

,?is au?ority1 :i*  we h se5 ! *ur*     
d]ives f ! indwell+ ,*ri/1 &  possesses 
z 8 body1 we call ! apo/olate4 ,x is    
inh]5t 9  ,*ri/ himself1 & is & c be    
ex]cis$ only 9 8 "n by  8 vic>1 !       
supreme pontiff1 & ! pa/ors ( ! *ur*  "u
 him & 9 communion ) him4 ,all !        
argum5ts t prove  ! visibility ( ! *ur* 
prove equally ! visibility ( !          
apo/olate1 or1 z ,sa9t ,cyprian calls x1
 ! episcopate2 all  ! argum5ts t prove !
 unity ( ! *ur* prove ! unity  ( !      
apo/olate or episcopate2 &1 !re=e1 ) ^? 
:i*  prove ! visibility ( ! *ur*1 prove 
a visible c5tre (  au?ority1 9 :i* !    
episcopate takes its rise1 or f :i*  !  
:ole tea*+ & gov]n+ au?ority "u ,*ri/   
radiates  & p]vades ! :ole body4 ,!     
visible *ur* be+ "o1  dem&s a visible   
head2 = if %e _h no visible head1 %e    
w\ld  lack visible unity2 & w\ld be1 z  
to h] tea*+ &  gov]n+ au?ority1 n       
visible1 b invisible4 ,h5ce ,sa9t       
,cyprian1 aft] ass]t+ ! episcopate or   
apo/olate1 held by  all ! bi%ops 9      

solido1 says1 t ! unity might be  made  
manife/1 or ! apo/olate be se5 to take  
its rise f  "o1 our ,"l e/abli%$ "o     
ca!dra & gave ! primacy to  ,pet]4  #hja
  ,sa9t ,cyprian evid5tly assumes !     
necessity ( a visible c5tre  ( au?ority1
 s t we may z individual memb]s ( !     
*ur*1  or z p]sons outside ! *ur* seek+ 
to asc]ta9 & ent]  h] communion1 "k :at 
is h] au?ority & :]e to f9d x4  ,h5ce 9 
! def9ition ( ! *ur* we began by say+ %e
 is  def9$ to be ! society ( ! fai?ful1 
baptiz$ 9 !  pr(ession ( ! same fai?1 & 
unit$ int] se 9 !  p>ticipation ( ! same
 sacram5ts1 & 9 ! true wor%ip (  ,god1  
"u ,*ri/ ! head 9 heav51 & "u 8 vic>1 ! 
supreme pontiff on e>?4 ,! papacy is !  
visible orig9 &  c5tre ( ! apo/olate1 z 
,*ri/ is himself its invisible  orig9 & 
c5tre1 & is z ess5tial to ! be+ ( !     
visible *ur* z are any ( ! attributes we
 h se5 to be  h]s4 ,to make w> on !     
supreme pontiff is to make w> on !      
*ur*1 & to make w> on ! *ur* is to make 
w> on ,*ri/1  & to make w> on ,*ri/ is  

to make w> on ,god & man4    ,x is no "p
 ( our pres5t purpose to discuss !      
con/itution  ( ! hi]>*y or ext]nal      
organization ( ! *ur*1 :i*1  to a c]ta9 
ext5t1 is & mu/ be a matt] ( positive   
law1 &  :i*1 ?\gh hav+ its reason 9 ! v 
nature & design (  ! *ur* z f\nd$ by !  
inc>nation1 lies too deep 9 t  my/]y (  
my/]ies = u to be able to asc]ta9 x by  
way (  logical d$uction4 ,! idea ( "o   
liv+ ,god includes ! ?ree  p]sons 9 !   
,godhead2 ! idea ( ! inc>nation includes
 !  *ur*2 & ! idea ( ! *ur* includes    
unity1 sanctity1  ca?olicity1           
visibility1 indefectibility1            
infallibility1  apo/olicity2 & ! idea ( 
apo/olicity includes au?ority 9  its    
unity & visibility2 &1 !re=e1 ! papacy  
is !  visible orig9 & c5tre ( ! au?ority
 ( ! *ur* z !  visible body ( ,*ri/4 ,s 
f> we c g by reason+ f !  ideas1        
pr9ciples1 or data suppli$ by           
revelation4 ,! re/  dep5ds on au?ority1 
& is n asc]ta9able by !ological  reason4
    ,we "k f ! ,new ,te/am5t t our ,"l  

has set 9 8  *ur* "s to be apo/les1 "s  
to be pa/ors1 etc42 b ^!  are all       
includ$ 9 ! supreme pontiff1 :o         
possesses !  prie/hood1 ! episcopate1 ! 
apo/olate1 ! pa/orate1 9  _! pl5itude2 &
 all1 except :at is conf]r$ 9 !         
sacram5t ( ord]s1 is d]iv$ directly or  
indirectly f him1  z its orig9 & s\rce  
"u ,*ri/1 ^: vic> he is4 ,?is is  en\gh 
= our pres5t purpose1 & x is wor?y (    
rem>k t  always has ! papacy be5 ! *ief 
po9t ( attack by !  enemies ( ! *ur*2 = 
!y h _h ! sagacity to p]ceive  t x is ! 
key/one ( ! ar*1 & t if x c be          
displac$1 ! :ole edifice w fall (       
itself4 ,x is ! pope  t h]esy & s*ism   
today w> aga9/1 & ! :ole  non-ca?olic _w
 seek to deprive him ( ! la/ rema9s ( 8 
temporal au?ority1 because !y fooli%ly  
imag9e t !  de/ruction ( ! pr9ce w      
involve ! annihilation ( !  pontiff4 ,x 
is ! pontificate1 & ,g>ibaldi av[s x1 n 
!  pr9cipality1 t !y seek to get rid (4 
,b !y may despoil  ! pr9ce2 !y _c t\* ! 
pontificate4 ,he :o is ,k+ (  k+s & ,"l 

( lords has pl$g$ 8 omnipot5ce to su/a9 
x4 ,our ,"l has pray$ = ,pet] t 8 fai?  
fail n4    #hjb    ,x 7 easy = u to cite
 ! commission ( our ,"l to !  tea*+     
*ur*1 & f t to argue h] au?ority to     
gov]n  "u him1 & h] infallibility 9     
tea*+2 b we h _h  ano!r purpose 9 view4 
,we h wi%$1 by sett+ =? !  relation ( ! 
*ur* to ! inc>nation1 & d$uc+ f t       
relation h] ess5tial attributes1 to %[  
h[ ! *ur* c be  holy & yet individual   
,ca?olics c be unholy1 & h[             
individuals1 all individuals 9 _!       
individuality1 c be  fallible & err1 &  
yet %e be infallible4 ,! het]odox argue 
aga9/ ! *ur* f ! misconduct ( individual
 ,ca?olics4  ,!y ransack hi/ory &       
collect a long li/ ( misde$s1 crimes1  &
 s9s1 ( :i* ,ca?olics h be5 guilty1 & !n
 ask1 ,h[  c a *ur* :o has done su* ?+s 
be holy or be ! *ur* (  ,god8 ,9 ! fir/ 
place1 we answ]1 none ( ! ?+s alleg$  h 
be5 committ$ by ! *ur*1 b1 if committ$  
at all1 x  has be5 by individuals 9 !   
*ur*2 & 9 ! second place1  ev5 rebir? 9 

baptism does n1 z we h se51 de/roy !    
p]sonality ( ! individual1 or take away 
8 free-w4 ,he c  s9 aft] grace z well z 
be=e1 & glorification is promis$  only  
to ^? :o p]sev]e to ! end4 ,! *ur* is   
holy by h]  union ) ,*ri/1 z 8 body2    
individuals are s by _!  assimilation to
 h]1 & by liv+ ?r\gh h] ! life (  ,*ri/4
    ,x is ask$ aga9 h[1 if ! *ur* is    
infallible1 c  individuals be fallible2 
& if individuals are fallible1 & d  n   
unfrequ5tly err1 h[ c ! *ur* be         
infallible8 ,h[ f  any possible numb] ( 
fallibles get an infallible8 ,! answ] is
  9 pr9ciple ! same4 ,! *ur* is         
infallible1 = he :o  assum$ human       
nature1 & ^: body %e is1 is h]          
p]sonality1  = %e is individualiz$ 9 !  
individual human nature he  assum$2 b ! 
individual is n 9 himself infallible1 = 
he  reta9s 8 own p]sonality ) all its   
limitations &  imp]fections4 ,!         
infallibility is 9 ,*ri/1 & proce$s f   
him to ! reg5]at$ race1 n to !          
individual memb] 9 8  individuality4    

,our ,"l assum$ human nature )\t its    
human  p]sonality1 ?\gh human nature    
individualiz$2 b individuals  assimilat$
 to ,*ri/ ?r\gh ! *ur* reta9 _! prop]   
human p]sonality1 & are infallible only 
9 ! *ur*1 only s  f> z !y ?9k & speak h]
 ?\ghts1 & believe :at %e  believes &   
tea*es4 ,! pope himself is n p]sonally  
infallible1 b at mo/ only :5 speak+ ex  
ca!dra1 9  union ) ! m9d ( ! *ur*1 &    
decl>+ h] fai?4 ,h5ce  "s !ologians     
ma9ta9 t ! papal def9itions !mselves    
are re=mable till expressly or tacitly  
accept$ by !  univ]sal *ur*1 ?\gh we d n
 agree ) !m2 = we reg>d  ! pope z ! vic>
 ( ,*ri/ 9 tea*+ z well z 9  gov]n+1 &1 
!re=e1 z express+1 :5 speak+  (ficially1
 ! infallible fai? ( ! univ]sal *ur*4 ,=
 u1  9 ! language ( ,/4 ,ambrose1 ubi   
,petrus1 ibi ecclesia4  ,:5ev] ! *ur*   
speaks1 %e speaks ! words ( h] ,"l1 &   
is infallible & au?oritative2 :5ev] !   
individual speaks  9 8 own              
individuality1 he is fallible1 & 8      
words1 z 81  h no au?ority4 ,! *ur* c !n

 be infallible &  individuals fallible4 
,consequ5tly1 any argum5ts drawn f !    
errors & misde$s ( individuals h no     
weight aga9/ !  *ur*4    #hjc    ,if    
non-,ca?olics w\ld pay att5tion to ?is1 
!y w\ld write  few] books1 publi% few]  
essays1 & prea* few] s]mons1  aga9/ !   
*ur*1 = !y h hi!rto alleg$ little or    
no?+ aga9/ h] b ! errors & bad conduct (
 *ur*m54  ,:5 !y wi% = examples ( !     
pure/ & mo/ h]oic  sanctity1 !y are     
oblig$ to seek !m 9 h] communion1 & !   
mo/ anti-,ca?olic among !m feel t !y may
 ass]t )\t  pro( any doctr9e !y happ5 to
 l1 if ! *ur* has taught  & tea*es x4 ,x
 is rem>kable ) :at confid5ce & m5tal   
reli% !y ass]t p>ticul> doctr9es = :i*  
!y feel t  !y h h] au?ority4 ,is x      
because a secret conviction ( h]        
infallibility lurks 9 ! m9ds ( all :o   
are ,ca?olic by _!  rem9isc5ces8 & w\ld 
!y n be f> less enrag$ aga9/  :at !y    
call ! s$uctions ( ,rome1 if x 7 n s1 if
  !y did n feel !mselves con/antly      
tempt$ to return to h]  communion8 ,!y  

resi/ h] influ5ce1 9 fact1 only by a    
con/ant  ef=t1 by ma9 /r5g?4    ,b x is 
"t to br+ our rem>ks to a close4 ,we h  
op5$ a  va/ subject1 "o to :i* we c\ld d
 scant ju/ice 9 a  magaz9e article1 ev5 
if we 7 o!rwise able1 z we are n1  to   
treat x n altoge!r unwor?ily4 ,no mortal
 c speak  wor?ily ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/1 9   
:i* ! p[]1 ! wisdom1  ! ju/ice1 ! love1 
& ! m]cy ( ,god1 ( ! indivisible  & ev] 
,bless$ ,tr9ity1 9 all _! inf9itude are1
 s to  speak1 embodi$ & display$4 ,ev5  
,god himself _c d m or  bett] ?an he has
 done 9 ! *ur*1 = he gives 9 h]         
himself1 & m ?an himself ev5 he _c give4
 ,h[ great1  h[ glori\s1 h[ awful is !  
*ur*6 ,h[ great1 h[ exce$+  great1 !    
lov+-k9dness ( ,god1 :o p]mits u to call
 h] our  "m1 to draw life f h] brea/s1 &
 to re/ on h] bosom6  ,we love ! *ur*1  
:o is to u ! sum ( all ?+s good &  holy1
 & we grieve daily ov] ^? :o "k h] n2 we
 grieve  :5 h] own *ildr5 seem to treat 
h] ) levity or  indiff]5ce2 we are pa9$ 
to ! he>t :5 we he> m51 :o  h s\ls to   

save1 = :om ,*ri/ di$1 & :om %e longs to
  clasp to h] lov+ bosom1 rail+ aga9/   
h]1 call+ h] !  my/]y ( iniquity1 & h]  
*ief pontiff ! man ( s94 ,we  seem to   
see our ,"l crucifi$ afre% on ,calv>y1 &
 to he> h]  sweet voice plead+1 ,fa!r1  
=give !m1 = !y "k n  :at !y d4          
--------    #hjd               ,magas2  
or1 ,long ,ago4             ,a ,tale ,( 
,! ,e>ly ,times4                        
,*apt] ,,iv4    ,f\r ye>s are pa/ s9ce !
 incid5ts above relat$ took place4  ,!  
sc5e is nei!r at ,a!ns nor at ,cor9?1 b 
at ,nauplia4  ,footnote #gc ,"h1        
sudd5ly1 a new s*ool _h be5 op5$ by a   
lady1 :i* attracts a va/ conc\rse (     
disciples4 ,! lady is  "y1 eloqu5t1     
beautiful1 & ! favor %e meets ) is      
almo/ unb\nd$4 ,p[]ful protectors are   
ar\nd h]2 &  philosophy & sci5ce b[ to  
h]1 ?\gh !y h>dly z yet  det]m9e to :at 
s*ool ! doctr9es %e prop\nds belong4    
,among ^? :o are attract$ by h] fame is 
a lady1 j arriv$  f ,a!ns to be enroll$ 
among ! foll[]s ( ! new  ,aspasia1 or   

,leontium z %e is m g5]ally call$4      
,lotis is  h]self no mean or obscure    
daught] ( ^? muses :i* ?is new  pr(essor
 has wor%ipp$ to su* advantage4 ,b      
,lotis is  disappo9t$ 9 h] expectations2
 ! entrance to ! academy is  gu>d$ ) su*
 jeal\s c>e1 t admission is n easy2 9   
va9 %e s5ds h] "n z daught] ( a citiz5 (
 ,a!ns (  "s di/9ction 9 ! philosophic  
_w2 /rang]s1 & above  all ^? f ,a!ns1   
are c>efully exclud$4 ,yet ! city       
cont9ues to d]ive new lu/re f ?is new   
prop\nd] (  exalt$ !mes2 & ^? :o 7      
=tunate en\gh to ga9  admission to h]   
lectures1 rang ) applauses ( ! lucid    
doctr9es taught2 !y comp>$ h] eloqu5ce  
to t ( ,plato1  h] music to t (         
,amphion2 & cont5d$ t1 :ile all o!r     
sects 7 t5d+ to ! de/ruction ( anci5t   
tru?1 ?is lady  demon/rat$ its exi/5ce 9
 e nation1 & br\ght x home  to ! he>t & 
feel+s4 ,lotis he>d ( no?+ ?r\gh\t !    
city b praises ( ! new expon5t ( wisdom 
:o _h travell$  ?r\gh\t ! e>?1 & _h     
le>nt to h>monize ! tea*+s  ( all       

philosophies4        ,footnote #gc3 ,!  
,napoli di ,romania4    ',tis /range %e 
w n admit y1 said ,lydon1 a "y          
disciple1 to :om ,lotis 0 compla9+ ( h] 
exclusion2 &  ! m to be regrett$ z %e is
 prep>+ = dep>ture2 x  seems %e did n   
int5d to /ay s long at ,nauplia 9 ! fir/
  place2 %e 0 wait+ = h] protector1 :o  
_h bus9ess at  ,a!ns4 ,!y w bo? set out 
= ,rome :5 he returns4    ,& is he      
expect$ soon8    ,x is n easy to say4   
,magas is unc]ta9 9 8 movem5ts2 he  (t5 
acts f m]e caprice4 ,he may be "h       
%ortly4    ,magas6    ,yes1 d y "k him8 
,i knew "o ( t "n =m]ly4 ,he 0 ( noble  
bir?2 (  ,a!ns4    ,likely x is ! same4 
,he has be5 travell+ = ^! few  ye>s pa/1
 & 9 8 travels pick$ up ?is             
philosoph]ess1 :o  has s en*ant$ him4   
,is %e really s beautiful z !y say8     
#hje    ,words _c describe h]4 ,%e has !
 attractions ( ,v5us )  ! maje/y (      
,m9]va4 ,:5 9 repose1 h] calm dignity   
dem&s  our homage2 b :5 %e speaks1 h]   
features are light$ up )  an expression 

:i* defies description2 h] eyes1 deeply 
set z  !y are1 dazzle ) ! int5sity ( _! 
fire2 %e does n  declaim1 %e speaks 9 a 
l[ yet 9 a di/9ct & e>ne/ tone  :i* all 
he>1 words :i* seem to h be5 ga!r$ at ! 
v f\nt ( wisdom4 ,!re is an             
indescribable melody 9 h]  voice1 :i*   
melts ! he>t1 & communicates ! p]suasion
  t %e kn[s m ?an %e says2 t %e holds   
back some?+  z fe>+ ! light w\ld be too 
bright = our unaccu/om$  eyes3 %e       
infuses ! desire to "k ! tru?1 ! c]ta9ty
  t !re is a tru?2 yet someh[1 on       
reflection1 ! tru?  itself seems )held1 
& we hope next "t to he> a full]        
exposition ( t :i* no "o d\bts %e       
possesses4    ,:at is h] doctr9e8    ,x 
w\ld take h]self to exp\nd x1 9 ! cle>1 
musical1  irresi/ible mann] ) :i* %e    
en=ces conviction4 ,i am  afraid ,i %\ld
 only spoil h] disc\rse by repeat+ x4   
,try1 nev]!less4    ,%e tea*es t tru? is
 "o--an immutable1 et]nal ess5ce1       
conta9+ )9 itself all good1 all beauty1 
all h>mony1 all  be+2 & t 9 x resides ! 

creative p[]4    ,%e says ?is creative  
p[] is an emanation ( ! ,deity1 or  r ! 
,deity himself made manife/4 ,x is t]m$ 
! ,^w4    ,& ! ,^w or creative p[] made 
! univ]se--made all ^?  orbs :i* we see 
move ar\nd u by night & by day2 &       
moreov]1 brea!d life & intellig5ce into 
organic =ms1 t  !y might become consci\s
 (1 & enjoy exi/5ce4 ,b = man  %e claims
 a high] life2 %e says he 0 creat$ 9    
h>mony )  ! et]nal ess5ce1 t he might "k
 & enjoy a high] life  ?an t ( animals1 
b t he disreg>d$ ! conditions on  :i*   
?is high] life 0 held1 & by violat+ !m  
br\ght  ! disord] into ! _w :i* n[      
oppresses x4 ,man is !  only animal     
unfai?ful to 8 in/9cts2 ! only "o :o    
does  n tru/ 8 own nature2 ! only "o :o 
is unhappy 9 !  non-realization ( 8     
aspirations4    ,b :at rem$y does %e    
propose8    ,%e does n propose "o2 %e   
decl>es "o4 ,%e  says ! ,^w became fle%1
 to communicate to man ! ,holy ,_s  he  
_h lo/1 & by los+ :i* 8 mis]y 0         
occasion$4 ,?is  ,holy ,_s comes alike f

 ! ,et]nal ,ess5ce1 & f !  ,^w :i* is   
its manife/ation1 & purifies ! he>t (   
man1  & s re/ores x to its primal /ate1 
or to a m holy "o  yet4    ,b h[ is ?is 
to be effect$ = ourselves8    ,t is j   
:]e %e disappo9ts u4 ,%e gives gl[+     
descriptions ( tru?1 beauty1 b5efic5ce 9
 e sort (  manife/ation1 mat]ial &      
m5tal1 & %[s h[ ! aspirations  ( ! poets
 prove t a sublime ideal raises man     
above !  practical exi/5ce we see him   
lead e day2 b h[ to obta9  ?is ,holy ,_s
 we h n yet le>nt4    ,has %e giv5 no   
rule8    ,none b mat]ial ones2 & accord+
 to h]1 mat]ial rules are  only types ( 
spiritual ideas4 ,%e says1 z ! body has 
assum$  too mu* sway1 x mu/ be subdu$ by
 viol5ce--t is1 by  mac]ation1 fa/+1 &  
su* l4 ,%e says passion mu/ give  way to
 reason1 & ! affections be rightly      
gov]n$4 ,?is we  knew be=e2 b :at we    
want is 'p[]' to c>ry out 9  practice ! 
precepts we admire2 or z %e w\ld say1   
'h[ to  obta9 t ,holy ,_s :i* is to live
 9 u & direct u4'    ,& y ?9k %e kn[s   

h[8    #hjf    ,i feel satisfi$ %e does2
 we all feel satisfi$ %e does4 ,h]      
words come =? z oracles2 we "q n--we    
believe4 ,%e has  be5 9 ,india1 9       
,ca?ay1 9 ,t>t>y2 & ev]y:]e %e says !   
same tru? lies hidd5 "u "s mat]ial =m1 &
 ne$s b  ! light ( ! ,holy ,_s to pi]ce 
?r\gh ! veil & make  itself manife/4    
,w\ld ,i c\ld see h]6    ,y w\ld be     
c>ri$ out ( y\rself4 ,ye/]day %e spoke  
on  ,light4 ,mat]ial light1 ) h]1 is b a
 type ( a f>  high] light1 :i* p5etrates
 ! _s ) beauty1 h>mony1  & love1 & makes
 x pure1 holy1 et]nal1 & capable (      
receiv+ true k4 ,light1 mat]ial light1 0
 creat$ at  ! same mom5t t intellig5ces 
& h>monies ( a high  spiritual ord]     
sprang to life1 to enjoy x4 ,%e w5t (f  
into  some?+ ( ?is /ra92      ,god said3
 ,let !re be light6      ,effulg5t      
light6    ,z ! wild wat]y mass *aotic   
lay2    ,:ile o'er x did ! ,holy ,_s    
move4    ,ob$i5t to ! ,,^w1 ! glori\s   
day      ,sprang into be+2 & effulg5t   
light1        ,intellig5ce all bright   

,( s]aph holy & ( angel sweet1      ,9  
glori\s ec/asy _! ,mak] greet1    ,& !  
deep bliss ( _! creation prove4         
,spirits ( beauty1 spirits ( p[]    ,!n 
wak5$ to welcome ! wond]ful h\r    ,t   
gave !m exi/5ce1 ) light = _! d[]6      
,all dazzl+ ! brightness illum+ space1  
,inve/+ all matt] ) beauty & grace--    
,all lu/r\s ! beauty1 ! gr&eur div9e    
,t did 9 full glory respl5d5tly %9e3    
,! ,tru?--?\gh reveal$--      ,z 9      
,type1 yet conceal$4    ,! rays ( ! sun 
are less dazzl+ to sight1    ,?an !     
sp>kles begemm+ ! p9ions s bright    ,( 
! spirits :o b[$ at t my/ical %r9e1     
,:5 fir/ ) an impulse or in/9ct div9e   
,!y bl5t _! sweet voices ?r\gh\t e      
sph]e1    ,to wor%ip 9 love t do? wor%ip
 ende>4      ,entranc+ & entranc$ 9 love
 to greet1      ,^! beaute\s spirits    
k9dl$ into gl[1      ,& %$ _! lu/re all 
t *aos ?r\gh4    ,& z ^? rays ! h>d]    
m$iums greet1    ,! sleep+ atoms wake z 
f a trance2    ,! sp>ks electric %oot 9 
my/ic dance1    ,r\s+ ! p[] in]t to     

onw>d move2    ,impell$ by rays ( light1
 create by love1    ,light's pi]c+      
gleams evolve mat]ial day    ,& angels' 
glances bright5 up ! clay2    ,refract$ 
rays1 ! types ( virtue bright1          
,enk9dl$ atoms ) _! dazzl+ light2       
,spl5dor & brightness caught f angels'  
w+s1    ,infuse _! action2 & su* beauty 
spr+s    ,f =? ! atoms t1 er/ void &    
d>k1    ,_h la9 await+ ?' e!real sp>k1  
,t n[ mat]ial beauty we>s a grace    ,9 
:i* a type ( heav5 itself we trace4     
,all hail6 mat]ial light6      ,emblem (
 s]aph bright4    ,gl[+ ) intellig5ce1 !
 mirror ( our ,god1      ,/ill do/ ?\   
bless our s5se4      ,ve/ure (          
,omnipot5ce2      ,/ill ) ?y visions    
bright      ,do/ dispel our d>ksome     
night1    ,?\ image bright ( heav51 on  
e>?'s else dre>y sod4    ,y mu/ he> h]  
to cat* h] fire1 to gl[ ) h]  en?usiasm4
 ,i give h] words imp]fectly2 b h]      
action1 h]  deliv]y1 ! way 9 :i* %e     
s\nds ! v dep?s ( h]  he>]s' he>ts--t ,i
 _c give y an idea (4    ,i mu/ he> h]1 

,lydon2 _c y smuggle me into h]         
pres5ce8    ,i w try1 b x w be          
difficult2 ! old door-keep]1  /ation$ to
 keep h] company select1 w n take a     
bribe2 &  a li/ ( names is daily h&$ to 
him ( ^? :o are to be  admitt$4 ,b ,i w 
try4    ,has %e ev] be5 to ,a!ns8    ,i 
?9k n4 ,i h he>d h] speak ( ,egypt1     
,india1 & ,ca?ay1  ,footnote #gd b (    
,a!ns1 nev]4 ,to-morr[ ,i w try to get  
admission = y z a resid5t ( ! city4     
,footnote #gd3 ,! anci5t "n = ,*9a4     
,b nei!r ,lydon1 nor ,lotis1 nor any    
disciple 0 to be admitt$  on ! morr[4 ,!
 report 01 t ,leontium 0 ill1 v ill2 a  
sudd5 attack ( "o ( ^? autumnal fev]s to
 :i* ,nauplia is  subject1 r5d]$ h]     
unable to appe> 9 public4 ,z days w5t   
on1 ! acc\nts became ev5 m unfavorable2 
h] delirium  al>m$ h] att5dants1 :o     
spoke ( h] be+ giv5 ov] to !  furies1 & 
seem$ to %r9k f _! duties4 ,! arrival ( 
,magas1 aft] a few days1 en=c$ att5dance
 on ! lady2 !  fev] left h]2 b1 weak &  
subdu$1 & labor+ "u !  influ5ce ( ! evil

 tongues ( h] att5dants1 ,leontium      
awoke1  to f9d mu* ( h] =m] pre/ige tak5
 f h]--nay1 %e ev5  fanci$ ,magas       
himself gr[n cold4  #hjg  ,b ?is la/ 0 a
 m]e fancy2 ! intellectuality1 ! poetic 
fire ) :i* %e 0 end[$1 & :i* nev] left  
h]1  animat$ h] features unconsci\sly1 &
 ! pallor & loss (  fle% 7 m ?an        
comp5sat$ = by ! e!real expression  :i* 
exalt$ h] c\nt5ance to some?+ beyond !  
human1  albeit !re 7 times :5 x became a
 "q :e!r !  g5ius t animat$ !m 7 (      
,elysium or ,t>t>us4  ,magas paid homage
 to ! m9d1 & 0 held captive2 he ask$ n  
:5ce proce$$ ! *>m t entranc$ him1 he   
yield$ to its  influ5ce1 & 0 ble/2 !    
alt]$ tone he attribut$ to !  effects ( 
fev]2 & ! signs ( m5tal di/urbance1     
report$  by ! att5dants1 7 laid to !    
acc\nt ( ! delirium  usually att5d+ su* 
fev]2 he little dream$ t x 0 !  m9d act+
 on ! body1 n ! body act+ on ! m9d1 t   
caus$ ! d]angem5t4 4 4 4                
,*apt] ,v4    ,lotis 0 a woman1 ) a     
woman's curiosity & a woman's           

p]t9acity4 ,%e 0 "o :o _h ris5 sup]ior  
to ! prejudices  ( h] age & nation4 ,%e 
rev]5c$1 nay1 %e wor%ipp$  greatness2 b 
greatness1 ) h]1 meant p[] ( intellect1 
/r5g? ( "*1 g5ius2 ?us1 h]self a free   
woman1 %e  _h n disda9$ to =m an        
intimacy ) a slave1 :51 9 t  slave1 %e  
recogniz$ sup]ior qualities4 ,%e _h be5 
! pupil  ( ,*ione 9 poetry1 music1 &    
eloqu5ce1 & _h be5 aw>e (  ! passion    
,magas ent]ta9$ = ! beautiful slave4 ,%e
 0  curi\s to see :o _h replac$ h] image
 9 8 he>t2 = %e  rememb]$ en\gh ( ,magas
 to feel assur$ t1 to ensure 8          
con/ancy1 he mu/ wor%ip z well z love2 z
 also1 t x  requir$ a woman ( comm&+    
g5ius to hold 8 m9d 9 bonds4    ,!re=e 0
 x1 t %e set a wat* ^u ! h\se t  conta9$
 ! fam$ ,leontium1 t %e dilig5tly in=m$ 
h]self ( h] convalesc5ce1 & s\ght to "k 
h] daily  movem5ts4    ,"o day1 %e he>d 
t ! lady's litt] 0 be+ borne f  ! h\se  
to outside ! city4 ,ha/ily %e comm&$ a  
litt] to  be got = h]self1 & desir$ !   
be>]s to foll[  :i!rsoev] ! o!r litt] 0 

borne4 ,?is 0 n1 h[ev]1  altoge!r s easy
 a matt]2 = ! litt] 0 no soon] out (  ! 
city gates1 ?an ! be>]s proce$$ rapidly 
across !  pla9s = upw>d ( a mile & a    
half1 :5 !y ent]$ on a  m s&y di/rict4  
,gray1 craggy rocks1 ( a dre>y aspect1  
utt]ly devoid ( v]dure1 began to hem 9 !
 prospect1 &1 at  l5g?1 ! be>]s set d[n 
! litt] 9 a heap ( ru9s (  v a/oni%+ "*4
 ,l>ge /ones1 measur+ twelve or  fifte5 
feet 9 l5g?1 f\r or five 9 wid?1 & ( an 
equal  l5g?1 r\gh & unhewn1 7 built into
 walls1 )\t mort>1  9 ! mo/ solid mann]1
 ! walls be+ f tw5ty to  tw5ty-five feet
 ?ick4 ,ru9$ gateways ( unequal size1 "o
  look+ t[>d ,argos1 ! o!r nor?w>d1 t[>d
 ! m\nta91  peculi> 9 %ape &            
con/ruction1 atte/$ a workman%ip ( a    
race :o _h long s9ce disappe>$1 s9ce _! 
"w 0  modell$ on ano!r =m ?an t :i* is  
t]m$ ,grecian1 &  0 beyond ! physical   
/r5g? ( ! pres5t race4 ,evid5tly1  x 0 a
 citadel 9 ru9s4  #hjh  ,! site1 an     
abrupt rock1 comm&+ ! adjac5t c\ntry1 0 
admirably fitt$ = ! purpose2 b ! city x 

0 to protect1  ! inhabitants to :om x 0 
to gu>antee security1 :]e 7  !y to be   
f\nd8 ,! enclosure1 ab\t sev5 hundr$ &  
fifty  feet long by "o hundr$ & sixty   
broad1 0 ne>ly fill$ )  rubbi%1 or r )  
/up5d\s /ones2 & outside ( !  enclosure 
all traces ( ! =m] city 7 completely    
oblit]at$4 ,x 0 difficult to acc\nt = ! 
invalid lady's  *oice ( su* a site = h] 
m$itation2 b c]ta9 x is1 %e  got out1   
clamb]$ ov] ! /ones1 motion$ h]         
att5dants to  keep !mselves at a        
di/ance1 & disappe>$ )9 !  enclosure4   
,lotis 0 n[ at a loss :at to d4 ,%e     
desc5d$ f h]  litt]2 b to plunge at once
 into t unkn[n abyss ( s& &  ru91 %e _h 
h>dly c\rage4 ,!n :at excuse c\ld %e    
frame  = intrud+8 ,hesitat+ly %e        
proce$$2 b curiosity got !  bett] ( e   
o!r feel+2 %e climb$ up ! ru9$ citadel  
& look$ d[n4 ,x 0 n possible6 yes1 x 0  
true--x c\ld  be no o!r6 ,!re1 seat$ on 
a fall5 column1 lean+ aga9/  ! ru9$ ar*1
 sat--,*ione1 ! v picture (  despair6   
,to desc5d s(tly1 s z n to al>m h]--to  

glide to h] side  z g5tly z ! rugg$     
pa?way w\ld all[1 0 ! next idea1  & ?is 
,lotis accompli%$1 ?\gh ) "s difficulty2
 %e  /ood beside h] =m] fri5d1 unse51   
unhe>d4 ,*ione's  di/raction 0 too      
int5se1 h] rev]ie too deep2 h] eyes 7   
turn$ upw>d1 te>less f ! v dep? ( h]    
emotion1 &  h] holl[ voice s\nd$ at     
int]vals b ^! sad words3    ,my ,god6 to
 "k !e only by my loss6 ,my ,god6 c x be
  possible8 ,my ,god6 may ,i nev]1 nev] 
love !e aga98 ,?\ fir/1  ?\ faire/1 ?\  
only love6    ,! despair ( ^! acc5ts1 ! 
deadly pallor ( ,*ione's  *eeks1 !      
attitude1 ! site1 ! recollection ( !    
pa/1  /ruck a pang ?r\gh ! frame (      
,lotis2 h] tongue seem$ to  cl+ to ! ro(
 ( h] m\?2 9 h] excitem5t %e c\ld b     
advance "o /ep1 lay h] trembl+ h& on h] 
fri5d's  %\ld]1 & utt] "o ^w1 ,*ione6   
,! lady />t$1 & gaz$ e>ne/ly at ! =m    
be=e h]4 ,x  0 "s m9utes be=e %e spoke2 
:5 %e did s1 ! tone (  h] voice 0 v l[ &
 s(t2 %e simply said1 ,& :at  br+s      
,lotis to ! ru9s ( ,tiryns8    ,to see !

 fam$ philosoph] ( ! ea/4 ,?ree weeks h 
,i  be5 9 ! city1 await+ an             
introduction4 ,?is morn+ ,i  foll[$ !   
litt]1 t ,i might at lea/ see !         
celebrat$  lady :o has made all ,nauplia
 r+ ) h] "n4    ,& y are puni%$ = y\r   
curiosity by f9d+ only ,*ione4    ,i    
%\ld h be5 yet m e>ne/1 _h ,i kn[n x 0  
,*ione ,i  0 seek+4 ,y\r disappe>ance   
made a great s5sation among y\r  fri5ds1
 & none miss$ y m ?an myself4 ,y _h     
bidd5 me  hope1 aft] t day at ! temple1 
t our int]c\rse 0 to  be r5ew$1 b my    
hope 0 *eat$4 ,:y did y leave )\t  tell+
 me y 7 go+8    ,i did n "k x myself4   
,my mi/ress dispos$ ( me to a fri5d  (  
h]s at ,cor9?4 ,i 0 tak5 away 9 ! night4
    ,& h[ came y ) ,magas aga98    ,i l$
 a dre>y life at ,cor9?4 ,! p ,i 0 ) 7  
good  en\gh1 b unlett]$1 & ! woman 0    
entirely giv5 to  h\sekeep+4 ,%e put a  
di/aff into my h&s1 & ?\ght badly  ( me 
t ,i w\ld n sp9 f morn+ to night4 ,i    
c\ld n2  my he>t _h be5 devot$ to       
philosophy1 to poetry1 to art2 ?is      

drudg]y revolt$ me1 ?\gh1 z ,i said1 ! p
 7 good1  & ( ! true religion4    #hji  
,& :at religion 0 t8 ask$ ,lotis1 ) a   
smile4    ,nay1 ask me n2 ,i _c tell y  
n[4 ,i w tell y h[ ,i  got away1 or r 0 
=c$ away4 ,"o day1 :5 on a err&  = my   
mi/ress1 ,i enc\nt]$ ,magas1 & he seiz$ 
me4 ,he w\ld  he> no remon/rance2 8 boat
 0 9 ! bay2 he hurri$ me (f4  ,i w5t )  
him ?r\gh ,asia1 visit+ ! temples1 !    
s*ools  ( philosophy1 ! halls ( art1 !  
academies ( sci5ce4 ,magas  has be5 to  
me a patron1 fri5d1 enc\rag]2 he has    
br\ght me  out1 induc$ me to appe> 9    
public2 & 9 fact1 done all he  c\ld to  
make my life an elysiun4 ,impetu\s z he 
is1 to me he  has be5 faultless4    ,&  
yet y are n happy8    ,happy6 ,happ9ess 
is sc>cely a plant ( ?is e>?1 ,lotis6   
sigh$ ,*ione4    ,!n :y h y spok5 z if x
 7 atta9able8 ,:y h y  fir$ all he>ts1 9
 speak+ to !m ( an indwell+ ,god1 :o  is
 to re/ore all ?+s to m ?an primitive   
ord] &  happ9ess8 ,:y h y call$ ! human 
s\l ! div9e image1  if x is n capable ( 

happ9ess8    ,i said n t ! human s\l is 
n capable ( happ9ess4 ,i  said only t   
supreme happ9ess is n a plant ( ?is e>?1
  & t is true4 ,! e>? has be5 curs$     
?r\gh ! fault (  man2 x _c yield u ?is  
happ9ess4    ,b y give y\r he>]s to     
und]/& t1 ?r\gh "s means  or o!r1       
happ9ess may dwell 9 our he>ts2 !re=e ,i
 say1  ,*ione1 :y dwells x n ) y8 ,h y !
 means1 or h  y n8    ,i _h1 said ,*ione
 sadly4 ,once ,i _h ! means (  happ9ess2
 once ,i 0 ble/4 ,i h =feit$ ! means1 ,i
 am  happy no m4    ,are !y n recov]able
 !n8 ask$ ,lotis4    ,i h>dly "k4       
,sometimes ,i ?9k on c]ta9 conditions !y
  might be2 b ^? conditions1 ^?         
conditions1 ,o ,lotis6    ,are !y s v   
h>d8    ,!y bid me r5\nce all6 ,?is life
 ( excitem5t1 ?is love (  ,magas1 ?is   
applause ( ! multitude1 ?is luxury (    
exi/5ce--to become aga9 a slave4 ,y "k x
 well1 ,lotis1 ,i am  b a runaway slave4
    ,y\r philosophy mu/ be false1       
,*ione1 :i* implies su* h>d  conditions4
 ,slav]y is a necess>y evil1 ,i grant2 b

 /ill x is  an evil to su* z y1 ^: m9d  
is exalt$ above ! level (  ! h]d4 ,i _c 
?9k t y are b\nd to slav]y by any  div9e
 law2 & z = human law1 :y1 if y c keep  
cle> (  t1 z y h done lately1 :o on e>? 
w blame y8    ,y d n und]/&1 y _c und]/&
 h[ ,i am b\nd4  ,magas1 y are aw>e1 is 
n--c nev] be my husb&4    ,well1 ,i     
don't see :y he might n be1 if he paid !
  pur*ase-money = y1 fre$ y1 & !n m>ri$ 
y4    ,he is too pr\d to m>ry a nameless
 slave6    ,b y are n nameless2 y h made
 y\rself a "n 9 all  ! cities ?r\gh :i* 
y h pass$4 ,we h he>d ( y\r  fame at    
,smyrna1 at ,halic>nassus1 at ,ephesus1 
at--    ,/op6 ,unconsci\sly y are pa9+  
me4 ,x 0 at ,ephesus ,i  receiv$ ! bl[  
:i* is de/roy+ me4'    #haj    ,at      
,ephesus6    ,o ,lotis6 if ,i c\ld b    
tell y ( ! holl[ness ( ?is  philosophy !
 _w s mu* admires2 if ,i d>$ speak to y 
(  ! light t %9e? 9 d>kness1 ?\gh !     
d>kness  compreh5de? x n2 if my lips 7 n
 pr(ane2 if my life  7 n blight$ l a    
tree /ruck by lightn+2 !n ,i might  tell

 y ( t wisdom :i* is n 9 man's spee*1 b 
'9 !  p[] ( ,god unto salvation to e "o 
t believe?4' ,b ,i  d>e n2 ,i am        
unhall[$1 unwor?y4 ,leave me1 ,lotis4   
,seek  ano!r tea*]4    ,:at did y he> at
 ,ephesus t has s unn]v$ y8    ,i w tell
 y1 ?\gh to y ! words w be> no mean+4   
,b my he>t mu/ ease itself4 ,i 0 walk+  
?r\gh ! /reets1  :5 ,i obs]v$ a cr[d    
ent]+ "o ( ^? temples frequ5t$  by ! new
 sects4 ,i ent]$ ) ! re/4 ,! prea*] 0   
dilat+ on ! necessity ( 8 auditors hav+ 
!  _s ( ,*ri/1 :i* if ye h n1 he said1  
ye are  none ( 84 ,he !n proce$$ to %[  
h[ ! _w's s9 _h  crucifi$ ! ,"l ( heav52
 h[ ess5tial purity1 tru?1 virtue  are  
to ! ,*ri/ian "*2 h[ e ,*ri/ian's body 0
 to  become ! temple ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & h[
 impossible x 0  = ! ,holy ,_s to dwell 
) aught unholy1 or aught n 9  union )   
,god4 ,h5ce ! absolute necessity (      
sanctity to be  wr\ght 9 u by ! p[] (   
,god1 to :om we mu/  surr5d] our be+4   
,he !n w5t on to speak ( su* ,*ri/ians  
z _h apo/atiz$2 & ! words1 he us$ burn$ 

into my he>t  l words ( fire4 ',x is    
impossible1' he said1 '= ^? :o  7 once  
enlight5$1 & h ta/$ ( ! heav5ly gift1 & 
7 made p>tak]s ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & h ta/$ !
 good  ^w ( ,god1 & ! p[]s ( ! _w to    
come1 if !y fall  away1 to r5ew !m aga9 
unto rep5tance2 see+ !y crucify to      
!mselves ! ,son ( ,god afre%1 & put him 
to an op5 %ame4'  ,footnote #ge ,i he>d 
no m2 ,i fa9t$ away4 ,:5 ,i wak$ f  my  
trance1 ,i 0 at home1 & ,magas 0 /&+ ov]
 me4 ,8  anxiety respect+ my heal? sc>ce
 enabl$ him to suppress 8  ang] at my   
hav+ be5 se5 9 a ,*ri/ian assembly4     
,footnote #ge3 ,hebrews vi #d-f4    ,t  
,i c easily believe2 nor d ,i see :at y 
want$ )  su* l[ company1 :o h evid5tly  
bewit*$ y2 = :at ne$  y c>e :at 0 said 9
 su* an assembly z t8    ,:at inde$1 :at
 inde$6 ,o my ,god6 t x %\ld come to    
?is1  t ,i d>e no long] pron\nce ?y "n1 
t ,i %\ld be  a%am$ ( !e6 ,& ,*ione     
buri$ h] face 9 h] h&s1 &  gave way to  
an excessive fit ( weep+4    ,lotis 0   
puzzl$4 ,is ?is ! great philosoph]8     

?\ght %e2  ! new ,sappho1 ! ,aspasia ( !
 age8 ,is x illness or magic  t has     
work$ ?is m5tal d]angem5t8 = d]angem5t x
  evid5tly is4    ,lotis b5t ov] h]     
fri5d1 endeavor+ to console h]1 yet n   
kn[+ h[1 :5 %e 0 sudd5ly reliev$ by !   
s\nd (  horses' ho(s4 ,%e climb$ to !   
top ( ! ru9s4 ,magas 0 9  sight4 ,%e    
return$ to :isp] ! news to ,*ione4      
,*ione rose1  dri$ h] te>s by a /rong   
ef=t ( h] w1 & prep>$ to  greet h]      
protector ) a smile4 ,he 0 evid5tly 9 an
  ill-humor4    ,:at sudd5 caprice is   
?is8 ,:at possess$ y to come out "h  to 
a city ( ! pa/8 ,a f9e place ?is = a    
sick woman6    ,y said y 7 go+ to       
,argos4 ,i knew n t y w\ld  require my  
pres5ce4    #haa    ,i 0 go+ to ,argos1 
b 0 h9d]$ :5 sett+ out2 &  :5 ,i inquir$
 = y1 & he>d y _h come hi!r1 ,i put (f  
my j\rney to le>n :at attraction c\ld   
draw y to ?is  place4    ,! attraction (
 ! pa/4 ,:o rais$ ^! walls1 ,magas8     
,h[ %\ld ,i "k8 ,! ,cyclops1 ,i presume4
 ,:o else c\ld h  lift$ ^! imm5se /ones8

 ,:at h y to d ) :o rais$  !m or :o     
de/roy$ !m8    ,! place 0 9 h>mony ) my 
feel+s1 ) ! m$itation ,i  0 ab\t to make
 on ! transitory nature ( human gr&eur4 
,x  w be my next !me4    ,y might *oose 
a liveli] "o to advantage1 ,leontium1   
said  ,magas4 ,y are de/roy+ y\r own m9d
 by *]i%+ ^!  gloomy ?\ghts4 ,if1 h[ev]1
 y want a fall5 city to m$itate  on1    
,myc5ae is b sev5 miles ahead2 & !re y  
may rum9ate1  if y w1 on all ! incid5ts 
( ! ,hom]ian epo*2 & !  wild1 savage    
wa/e may be ! savage emblem ( ! royal   
,agamemnon2 :ile ! ru9s1 :i* are        
absolutely magnific5t1 may  prove ano!r 
puzzle--z to h[ ! mighty /ones t =m !   
edifices c\ld h be5 lift$ !re4 ,i       
measur$ two myself4  ,!y 7 imm5se4 ,"o  
s+le /one ext5ds across a wide  passage1
 & re/s on ! massive walls1 =m+ ! l9tel4
  ,ano!r ext5ds f ! l9tel to ! int]ior (
 ! edifice4  ,x is ?irty feet long1 five
 feet ?ick1 & tw5ty 9 wid?4 ,x  is      
becom+ fa%ionable to d\bt ! exi/5ce ( ! 
,cyclops4  ,b1 ,i'd l to "k1 if !y did n

 lift ^! /ones  into _! places1 :o did d
 x8 ,no mortal m5 ( ! pres5t  race w\ld 
be able4 ,s ,i g 9 = ! old tradition (  
,cyclopean  work]s4    ,ah6 ,lotis1 ,i  
did n obs]ve y4 ,i inquir$ = y at ,a!ns1
  b 0 told y 7 travell+4 ,did y come out
 "h )  ,leontium8 ,our secret w be safe 
) y1 ( c\rse8    ,( c\rse1 answ]$       
,lotis4 ,b ,i ?9k y are some:at too  ne>
 ,a!ns = safety f o!r tongues4 ,y w n be
 able  to keep ! secret long f ! public4
    ,i %all n try4 ,we are b\nd = ,rome 
%ortly1 & !re we  %all be safe4 ,i w\ld 
pur*ase safety1 if safety 7 to  be      
b\ght2 b ! mi/ress :o held my ,*ione w n
 "p )  h] "r4 ,_m (f]s h be5 made to h]4
 ,%e /ill hopes to  reclaim ,*ione1 & w 
n li/5 to money proposals4 ,:5 y        
return1 y may r5ew ! (f]s1 if y w favor 
me s mu*4 ,i  %\ld pref] a legal        
release1 if ,i c\ld get "o2 b x matt]s  
little4    ,y h n told me to :om ,i am  
to apply4    ,i ?\ght y knew4 ,to !     
,lady ,dam>is4    ,:y1 %e is said to be 
a ,*ri/ian4    ,t does n invalidate h]  

rights4    ,no2 b x causes me surprise t
 x %\ld be h]self :o  refuses fre$om to 
,*ione4 ,i "k _m cases :]e %e has freely
  grant$ x4    ,%e is an enigma1 & s are
 all ^! p4 ,x is n wor?  talk+ ab\t4 ,i 
don't believe %e'd prosecute h] claim to
  ,*ione1 did %e "k ,*ione & ,leontium 7
 "o & ! same  p]son4    ,dur+ ?is       
colloquy ,*ione _h sat motionless z a   
/atue1 &  _h seem$ s absorb$ 9 h] own   
?\ghts z to be unm9dful (  :at 0 said4  
,on its be+ end$1 %e rose1 & reque/$    
,magas  to call = h] litt]4 ,:5 he _h   
dep>t$ to d s1 %e turn$  to ,lotis1 &   
said e>ne/ly3    #hab    ,lotis1 :5 y   
return to ,a!ns1 w y d me a favor8      
,assur$ly1 ,i w4    ,let ! ,bi%op       
,dionysius "k1 9 confid5ce1 :o          
,leontium is1 & :at ,i said to y (      
,ephesus today4    ,! ,*ri/ian bi%op8   
,yes4    ,= :at e>?ly purpose8    ,no   
matt]4 ,magas is com+ back4 ,d y promise
 me8    ,i d4    ,& y w keep ! secret to
 all ! re/ ( ! _w8    ,i w4    ,ev5 to  
,magas8    ,yes4    ,?anks1 ?anks4 ,we w

 return home n[4                        
,*apt] ,,vi4    ,*ione 9 grief1 & a prey
 to despair6    ,x 0 ! ,*ri/ian bi%op :o
 spoke1 & 8 int]locutor 0  ,lotis4      
,ev5 s1 my "l4 ,dur+ h] illness ! report
 0 t %e 0  beset by ! furies4 ,:5 ,i saw
 h]1 x seem$ z ?\gh ! h&  ( "s av5g+ god
 lay heavy on h]4 ,if1 my "l1 y         
,*ri/ians are adepts 9 magic1 z _m p    
believe ,i w\ld  ask y to dis5?rall h] f
 ! influ5ce "u :i* %e  suff]s1 :atev] x 
may be4    ,& x is ,*ione :o is ?is     
fam\s ,leontium1 :o has made s  great a 
s5sation 9 ! ea/]n cities8 cont9u$      
,dionysius1 z  if n he>+ ! la/ spee* (  
,lotis4    ,x is s4    ,f :at ,i h he>d1
 h] eloqu5ce is some?+ unusual4    ,i   
too h he>d s2 b = myself1 ,i 0 nev]     
pres5t at "o  ( h] in/ructions4 ,i saw  
h] alone1 b[$ d[n z x 7  b5ea? ! weight 
( ! tru? %e 0 c>ry+2 b unable to  speak 
! la/ ^w1 t ^w :i* promis$ to be ! key  
to  all ! re/1 ! solution ( my/]y1 !    
h>moniz] ( ideas4  ,t la/ ^w 0 n spok5  
at ,nauplia2 h] pupils await$ x1  b h]  

tongue 0 z x 7 p>alyz$4 ,"s p[]ful      
influ5ce  seem$ ev] to prev5t h] f      
speak+ x4    ,poor ,*ione6    ,my "l1   
may ,i v5ture to ask ( y1 d y believe1 z
 "s  d1 t ,*ione is 9 possession ( a    
tru? %e d>e n decl>e8  t "s div9e h& is 
press+ d[n )9 h] ! ^w t  is pant+ =     
expression8 ,is ,*ione bewit*$8    ,%e  
is suff]+ f a sup]natural influ5ce1 t is
  c]ta94    ,& c y deliv] h]8 ,:y else  
did %e s5d me to y8    ,if %e s w1 %e   
may be deliv]$2 b !  sup]natural ,^w %e 
_c speak has be5 (f5d$2 !  sacrifice he 
dem&s is great2 w %e make x8    ,if 9 h]
 p[]1 ,i ?9k %e w4 ,%e is a my/]y to me1
 z  all life seems to be4 ,:at is t ,^w 
,*ione has (f5d$8 h[  did %e (f5d8 :at  
mu/ %e d to appease ! div9e wra?8    ,my
 *ild1 said ! old ,areopagite solemnly1 
tru? is n a  play?+ :]e) to amuse !     
intellect1 n a toy to :ile  away a t$i\s
 h\r )4 ,tru? is ! manife/ation ( !     
et]nal h>monies1 ^? h>monies :i* man has
 int]f]$ )1  into :i* he has introduc$ a
 discord1 ! discord ( s94 ,!  humility (

 man1 ! recognition ( s91 su* a         
recognition z br+s ! volunt>y           
humiliation ( self1 mu/  prec$e 8       
admission to ! k+dom :]e ^? h>monies are
  re/or$4 ,! va+lory ( philosophy1 !    
pride ( sci5ce1  h[ev] correct may be _!
 surmises1 are )\t life4  #hac  ,!y c   
nei!r re/ore ^! h>monies1 nor cat* a    
glimpse (  ! glory ( t et]nal           
compreh5sive ,unity1 9 :i* all  beauty1 
melody1 & good reside2 t et]nal idea (  
:i*  matt] is ! v>i$ type4 ,a type n[   
d]ang$ by man's act s  hopelessly1 t    
human p[] is utt]ly inadequate to its   
re/oration4    ,b ! re/or] comes2 !     
expectation ( nations po9ts to  ?is1    
said ,lotis2 & t expectation is ev]y:]e2
 9 ,india  z 9 ,ca?ay1 9 ,greece & among
 ! b>b>ians4    ,! deliv]] is come      
already1 said ,dionysius4    ,!n :y is  
he n proclaim$8 ,is ?is ! unspok5 ^w t  
,*ione might n utt]8 ,:y1 if ! deliv]]  
is "h1 is he n  ann\nc$8    ,because1   
be=e ! disord] ( ext]ior ?+s c be       
rem$i$1  ! int]ior rem$y mu/ be appli$  

to ! s\l4 ,ext]ior  =ms obey ! int]ior  
impulse4 ,man is "l ( matt]1 & man's    
disord]$ s\l reflects itself ^u !       
mat]ial subject to him4  ,! disord]     
manife/ ?r\gh\t ext]ior creation w be   
rem$i$ :5 ! disord]$ _s ( man is heal$4 
,!re=e  is x t1 n[ t ! re/or] is come1  
he is n recogniz$2  = he insi/s on !    
purification ( ! _s1 on !  annihilation 
( selfi%ness1 on ! necessity ( be+      
reunit$  9 _s ) ! ess5tial good z a     
precursor ( o!r  r5ovations4 ,t done1   
ext]ior good foll[s z ( c\rse4    ,ev5 z
 weal? foll[s indu/ry1 & heal? !        
practice (  temp]ance1 said ,lotis4     
,natural virtue br+s its results        
sometimes1 said ! v5]able  tea*]1 :5    
ju/ice rules2 b z matt]s /& n[1 !  w9n] 
( weal? has (t5 ! lea/ %>e4 ,oppression 
is "o (  ! inevitable results ( mak+    
self-love ! c5tre ( action  in/ead (    
tak+ ! ju/ice ( ! et]nal ,god = our     
guide4  ,man's s\l 0 creat$ 9 ! image ( 
,god4 ,h5ce its aff9ity  = beauty1 its  
appreciation ( l(ty idea1 its gl[+      

en?usiasm at recital ( h]oic de$s3 b    
man's w snapp$ !  cord t b\nd x to !    
et]nal w4 ,enamor$ ( 8 own  *>ms1 he    
=got ! s\rce ( 8 beauty2 pr\d ( 8 mighty
  intellect1 he has ceas$ to adore !    
,god ( all und]/&+2  free+ himself f !  
%ackles ( duty1 he ca/ away alike !     
n\ri%m5t ( 8 beauty & ! food ( 8 t[]+   
intellect4  ,man's w mu/ be direct$ to  
,,desire ,god ere he c  rega9 good4     
,h5ce ! "w ( ! ,r$eem] is int]ior2 x is 
! implant+ ( ! ,holy ,_s z ! necess>y   
/ep to !  true r$emption4    ,*ione's   
philosophy resembles ?is 9 "s degree1   
said ,lotis4    ,dionysius did n answ]1 
,lotis resum$4    ,:o is ?is ,^w ( :om  
,*ione speaks8    ,! answ] came sl[ly1  
solemnly1 delib]ately1 & x fell on  ! e>
 ( ,lotis1 z if a div9e p[] accompani$  
x3    ,jesus ,*ri/4    ,! ,savi\r       
ano9t$1 :isp]$ %e to h]self1 z %e       
translat$ ! words3 ,! ,savi\r ( m51     
ano9t$ by ,god4  ,!re 0 evid5tly a      
revelation to h]1 convey$ by ! words2   
"o ( ^? miracul\s influ5ces :i*1 9 !    

e>ly days1  long ago1 7 s common among  
tru?-seek+ s\ls4 ,h] rev]ie  la/$ long1 
& ! good bi%op did n int]rupt h]4 ,he   
knew  t ! ,holy ,_s 0 %$d+ 8 influ5ce ^u
 h]4  ,sudd5ly %e turn$ ^u him ) ! "q3  
#had    ,& is ,jesus ,*ri/ an inspir$   
man1 or is he ,god8    ,jesus ,*ri/ is !
 ,^w ( ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 made fle%1  &    
dwelt among u1 answ]$ ! bi%op4    ,lotis
 repli$ n4 ,! bi%op cont9u$ 9 a v l[    
voice3    ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0
 ) ,god1 &  ! ,^w 0 ,god4 ,! same 0 9 ! 
beg9n+ ) ,god4 ,all  ?+s 7 made by him3 
& )\t him 0 n any?+ made  t 0 made4 ,9  
him 0 life2 & ! life 0 ! light (  m53 & 
! light %9e? 9 d>kness2 & ! d>kness     
compreh5d$ x n4 7,/4 ,john i4 #a-e47    
,& ,lotis fell on h] knees1 say+1 ,lead 
me to him1 to !  ,div9e ,^w1 to ,jesus  
,*ri/1 = ,i w h no o!r ma/]4    ,x is   
well1 my *ild1 said ! good bi%op1 lay+ 8
 h&  solemnly on h] head4 ,x is well4   
,may he :o has ?us direct$  y\r *oice   
give y ! fur!r grace to cont9ue unto !  
end4  ,b1 ,lotis1 y mu/ le>n ! price (  

r$emption2 y mu/ "k  :o ! ,ma/] is y h  
*os54    ,& ! v5]able bi%op1 9 a few    
%ort b impressive words1  trac$ ! hi/ory
 ( ! _w f ,adam's fall1 ?r\gh !  l9e (  
patri>*s1 ?r\gh ! p]v]sion ( morals :i* 
call$  =? ! deluge4 ,he spoke ( ! call (
 ,abraham1 ( ! mission  ( ,moses1 ( !   
succession ( ! prophets unto ,john !    
,bapti/2 & f9ally1 ( ! adv5t ( our ,"l  
himself2 ( 8  com+ to 8 own1 & ( 8 own  
receiv+ him n2 ( 8 life1  miracles1 &   
crucifixion2 ( 8 dea?1 resurrection1 &  
asc5sion2 & f9ally1 ( ! desc5t ( ! ,holy
 ,_s4    ,lotis li/5$ & believ$1 & dem&$
 to be wa%$ f h]  s9s1 t %e might       
und]/&4 ,%e1 yet a neophyte1 seem$ to   
compreh5d t s9 =ms ! d>kness :i* h9d]s !
 s\l  f contemplat+ ,god4 ,wa% me f my  
s9s1 %e said1 t ,i  may see ! light4'   
,to ,be ,cont9u$4    ---------          
,affairs ,9 ,italy4      ,?\gh !        
disgraceful "p :i* ! ,italian mon>*y has
 play$  9 ! late invasion ( ,rome by    
m>aud+ b&s is n[ a matt]  ( common      
notoriety1 elaborate ef=ts are /ill be+ 

made by a  majority ( ! ,italian1 & a   
c]ta9 portion ( ! ,european1  press to  
d5y ! well-kn[n facts ( ! case4 ,^!     
organs are1  h[ev]1 only foll[+ !       
illu/ri\s example set to !m by  ,victor 
,emmanuel & ,c\nt ,m5abrea1 ^: (ficial  
decl>ations  t ! revolutioni/s _h act$  
entirely )\t ! au?ority  & k ( !        
,italian gov]nm5t are c]ta9ly ! mo/     
pitiful subt]fuges to :i* ! k+ & !      
premi] ( a great  p[] c\ld possibly h   
be5 r$uc$4 ,inde$1 we c h>dly  conceive 
a m humiliat+ spectacle ?an t :i* !     
,italian  gov]nm5t pres5ts 9 solemnly   
assur+ ! _w t x _h  n be5 secretly      
leagu$ ) filibu/]s1 :ile1 to cr[n !     
disgrace ( ! spectacle1 nobody believes 
a ^w ( its d5ial4  #hae  ,b ,g5]al      
,m5abrea has attempt$ ev5 m ?an ?is4 ,9 
8  answ] to ! invitation to ! ,european 
,conf]5ce1 dat$  ,novemb] #ai?1 #ahfg1  
he _h ! assurance to /ate t ,rome1 n    
,italy1 0 ! real cause ( ! pres5t       
tr\ble4 ,on ano!r  occasion he v5tur$ ^u
 a some:at simil> /atem5t by say+  t    

exp]i5ce _h taught ,italy !             
impossibility ( ma9ta9+  fri5dly        
relations ) h] neighbor on ! ,tib]6 ,x  
is  difficult to believe t any public   
man %\ld c>e s little  = 8 reputation = 
tru? z to utt] su* reckless  falsehoods4
 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ! pa/ eight ye>s gives
 him  ! lie1 = x proves cle>ly t e      
provocation has come  f t ,pi$mont :i*  
is n[ /yl$ ,italy4 ,provocations by     
resort to ! revolution1 z 9 ! seizure ( 
! ,legations 9  #ahei1 & aga9 9 t ( !   
,m>*es & ,umbria 9 #ahfj1 :5  ,vit]bo1 !
 capital ( ! patrimony1 0 also tak5 by  
=ce2  provocations by resort to         
legislation1 z 9 ! brea* ( !            
concordats1 9 ! civil m>riages 9 an     
un*ri/ian =m1 9 !  suppression ( !      
spiritual ord]s1 9 ! confiscation ( !   
ecclesia/ical prop]ty1 9 ! viol5t       
measures adopt$ aga9/  ! episcopate1 & 9
 ! p>liam5t>y resolutions ab\t ,rome2   
provocations by ! p]sonal spee*es & acts
 ( ,k+ ,victor  ,emmanuel1 :om nei!r !  
s5se ( 8 exalt$ /ation nor !  traditions

 ( 8 /rictly or?odox dyna/y h det]r$ f  
expressions :i* he w yet h cause to     
deplore :5 !  fruits !y are de/9$ to be>
 become fully app>5t2 9 a  ^w1 all !    
provocations h come f ! side ( ,italy4  
,all  ! evid5ces ( mod]ation &          
conciliation 7z 0 se5 to !  v la/ 9 !   
case ( ! bi%oprics7 h come f ! side  ( !
 ,holy ,fa!r2 b !y 7 always repaid ) !  
blacke/  +ratitude4 ,! piratical raid   
aga9/ ! *ur* /ate 0  m]ely ! fit end+ & 
! logical result ( t long s]ies  (      
aggressive measures :i* furni%es ! c\nts
 9 !  indictm5t aga9/ ! ,italian mon>*y4
 ,we ne$ n recapitulate  ! provocations 
t h = ye>s prec$$ ! invasion (          
,g>ibaldi's filibu/]s2 = ev]ybody w     
readily recall to  m9d ! ma*9ations to  
excite a _s ( discont5t 9 !  holy city &
 ! surr\nd+ di/ricts2 ! aid & com=t     
ext5d$ to ! self-/yl$ ,roman            
,revolution>y ,committee1 :i*  has its  
seat at ,flor5ce2 ! libels aga9/ ! p]son
 ( !  supreme pontiff & 8 sacr$ (fice1  
:i* h disgrac$ n  only ! press1 b !     

floor ( ! two *amb]s2 !  enc\ragem5t    
af=d$ to e inc5di>y & fugitive f  ,roman
 ju/ice1 & ! m>k$ favor %[n to all su*  
*>act]s  by ! au?orities4 ,inde$1 b = ! 
ag5cy :i* ! ,italian  mon>*y _h 9 br++  
ab\t ! invasion1 t demon/ration  w\ld   
nev] h become :at x is1 "o ( ! mo/      
flagrant  outrages kn[n to ! law (      
nations 9 mod]n days4 ,9 ! mid/  (      
pr(\nd peace1 )\t a %ad[ ( an excuse or 
a pretext on  ! o!r side1 ,italy has n  
only tol]at$1 b sanction$1 !            
publication ( ! mo/ indec5t attacks on !
 head ( !  *ur*4 ,%e has p]mitt$ !      
circulation ( revolution>y  manife/oes &
 appeals aga9/ a neighbor+ /ate1 ^:     
integrity ! honor ( ! nation 0 pl$g$ to 
respect &  en=ce4  #haf  ,%e has suff]$ 
! rais+ ( money & arms = av[$ly  ho/ile 
& unlawful purposes2 ! op5+ ( recruit+  
/ations  9 public places1 & "u ! direct 
patronage ( high  (ficials2 ! discussion
 ( g5]al plans = ! campaign2 !          
conc5tration ( arm$ b&s along h]        
fronti]s1 & t "u  ! eyes ( troops       

o/5sibly /ation$ !re to disp]se &       
prev5t all su* ga!r+s4 ,%e has enact$ a 
f>ce1 z fooli%  z x 0 discr$itable1 9   
reg>d to ! *ief conspirator  himself1 & 
c>ri$ ?is s f> z to ord] h] navy to     
blockade  a des]t$ rock1 :ile he 0 held 
9 res]ve1 to be turn$ loose  :5 !       
loyalty ( ! pope's subjects & !         
incapacity ( !  m9or *iefs ?reat5$ to   
defeat ! :ole ent]prise4 ,all ^!  are   
well-au!nticat$ facts1 & h s9ce be5     
prov$ by !  admissions made by !        
,italian press4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 !      
,flor5ce ,diritto1 ( ,novemb] #be?1     
#ahfg1 uses !  foll[+ significant       
language3 ,all ! _w1 says ?is  popul>   
organ ( ! ,italian democracy1 9 an      
article %>ply  criticis+ ! pa/ policy ( 
,ratazzi's cab9et1 w rememb]  t !       
,g>ibaldian movem5t1 :i* 0 op5ly tol]at$
 9  its la/ phase by ! gov]nm5t1 _h giv5
 rise to !  g5]al belief t ! au?orities 
7 aw>e ( ev]y?+  go+ on1 & fully prep>$ 
to assume all ! consequ5ces4  ,public   
op9ion & ! public press1 z !y beheld !  

gov]nm5t borne along by ! mighty popul> 
torr5t1 unanim\sly  approv$ ( ! suppos$ 
det]m9ation ( ! m9i/ry1 &  rejoic$ to   
?9k t su* a patriotic & exalt$ object z 
!  acquisition ( ,rome %\ld at once h ! 
support (  ,g>ibaldi's irregul> action &
 ! av[$ sanction ( !  gov]nm5t4 ,! :ole 
nation fanci$ t ! m9i/ry _h tak5  all ! 
precautions necess>y to atta9 its ends 9
 "o way or  o!r1 & 9 any case4 4444 ,x  
is !re=e impossible = u to  describe h[ 
bitt] ! disappo9tm5t 0 :5 ,france       
int]v5$  at ! mo/ critical mom5t4 ,rome 
rema9$ quiet1 ,prussia gave no  sign (  
mov+1 & ! ,italian army prov$ entirely  
unprep>$  = ! em]g5cy4 ,x is 9 ! face ( 
su* admissions z ^!  t ,k+ ,victor      
,emmanuel has v5tur$ to issue a manife/o
  d5\nc+ ! invasion ( ,/4 ,pet]'s       
patrimony z hav+ be5  und]tak5 )\t !    
au?ority & k ( 8 gov]nm5t1  & t 8 prime 
m9i/] has d>$ to say x 0 ,rome1 n       
,italy1 :i* %\ld be blam$ = ! r5ew$     
int]f]5ce (  ,france4    ,x is ! p]fidy 
& lawless ambition ( ! ,italian mon>*y  

:i* h br\ght ! ,fr5* back to ,rome4 ,if 
?is be reg>d$  z a mis=tune--z1 no d\bt1
 9 a c]ta9 s5se x is1 = a  =eign        
occupation always gives rise to an      
abnormal condition1  ^: evils are great 
& ^: effects (t5 prove la/+--to  :om    
does ! guilt atta*8 ,n to ! ,holy ,fa!r1
 n to !  ,romans1 :o h turn$ a deaf e>  
to ! :isp]s ( treason1  al?\gh _!       
temptation 0 n great :5 we take into    
acc\nt  ! pres5t /ate & prospects ( !   
mon>*y6 ,b !re is no  ne$ = u to indulge
 9 s9i/] progno/ications4 ,ev5 _h !     
,italian =ces /ation$ on ! l9e1 :]e !y  
nei!r  protect$ ! papal t]ritory nor    
indicat$ ! good fai? (  _! own gov]nm5t1
 really prev5t$ ! invasion1 ! crisis    
mu/ h come soon] or lat]4 ,x 0          
unavoidable f ! v  nature ( ! relations 
betwe5 ! two neighbors4 ,b x is         
extraord9>y t ! p>ty :o is alone to     
blame = x %\ld  claim z a rew>d to be   
releas$ f ! obligations contract$  by ! 
,septemb] conv5tion4  #hag  ,we _c br+  
ourselves to believe = a mom5t t ! rec5t

  outrage w result to ! advantage ( its 
au?ors & abettors4  ,9 ! s5se ( !       
p>liam5t>y resolutions pass$ at ,tur9 & 
,flor5ce1 ! solution ( ! ,roman problem 
means no?+ less  ?an ! de/ruction ( !   
papal rights1 & ! spoliation &  !       
oppression ( ! *ur*4 ,x w be well to be>
 ?is fact  di/9ctly 9 m9d4 ,! new mon>*y
 has unmi/akably %[n h[  x means to     
respect its mo/ solemn obligations & !  
ve/$  rights ( o!rs2 &1 above all1 x has
 %[n h[ x w\ld l  to treat ! head ( !   
*ur*4 ,& ?is ,italy d>es to dem&  t !   
gate ( ! papacy %\ld be intru/$ to h]   
safe-keep+8 ,7 x possible to oblit]ate !
 :ole hi/ory (  ! la/ eight ye>s f m5's 
recollection1 ! occurr5ces (  ! la/ few 
mon?s w\ld alone suffice to w>n         
,*ri/5dom  aga9/ li/5+ to su* a         
proposition4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic         
community w h>dly feel dispos$ to see   
,victor ,emmanuel !  inte/ate heir (    
,g>ibaldi at ,rome1 z x has se5 him once
  be=e at ,naples4    ,! ,roman problem 
requires1 no d\bt1 a solution1 = ! ,fr5*

  are m]ely a mom5t>y exp$i5t4 ,!       
subject is "o t  int]e/s ! :ole _w1 &   
:i* dem&s a settlem5t t  w n aga9 expose
 ! supreme pontiff to ! dang] ( be+     
besieg$ at ! ,vatican1 z 0 8 h&ful (    
def5d]s 9 !  ,bicoque ,monte ,rotondo1  
:]e !y f\ght "o aga9/ t54 ,we  %all n   
ev5 t\* "h ^u ! claims ( ! pope z a m]e 
temporal rul]1 & ! mo/ anci5t on e>? at 
t4 ,our  religi\s s5tim5t rebels aga9/  
dragg+ a "q ^: two  compon5t elem5ts are
 indivisible into ! n>r[ sph]e (        
politics1 & /ill m into ! sph]e (       
revolution>y  politics :i* has made !   
nationality idea its god4 ,!  ,ca?olic  
s5tim5t res5ts ! base sugge/ion ( p]il  
to !  indep5d5ce ( ! *ur* & its head4 ,x
 _c conceive a  pop$om l ! "o to :i* !  
,byzant9e ex>*s h be5  r$uc$4 ,x wants  
no repetition ( a ,greek patri>*ate     
among  ,greeks & ,turks4 ,?is is a "q   
:i* conc]ns ! entire  civiliz$ ,*ri/ian 
_w1 & n ! ,roman ,ca?olic p[]s  alone4  
,! royal spee* f ! ?rone to ! ,nor?     
,g]man ,diet  conta9$ a passage allud+  

to ! important int]e/s :i*  ,g]many &   
,italy are suppos$ to hold 9 common1 & !
 *ances  ( ,prussia's support 9 ! case (
 a w> ) ,france ab\t ,rome  h1 no d\bt1 
ent]$ l>gely into ! calculations ( !    
,flor5ce cab9et4 ,b ,prussia alone has  
ov] eight millions (  ,roman ,ca?olic   
subjects1 :o w nev] cons5t to ! total   
de/ruction ( ! f\ndation on :i* !       
indep5d5ce ( _!  *ur* re/s1 & :o w !re=e
 oppose e attempt to rob  ! pope ( 8    
temporality4 ,su*1 at lea/1 is ! inf]5ce
  :i* we are w>rant$ 9 draw+ f ! _s     
display$  dur+ ! la/ mon? 9 ,g]many1 &  
especially at ! ,ma9z  meet+1 :]e two   
?\s& lead+ ,ca?olics f all p>ts (  !    
c\ntry discuss$ ! dang]s ( ! *ur* /ate4 
,!  foll[+ are ! resolutions :i* 7 pass$
 unanim\sly on  t occasion3    #hah     
#a4 ,div9e ,provid5ce has made !        
successor ( ,/4 ,pet] !    sov]eign ( ! 
,roman *ur* /ate1 & rais$ him above all 
m]e national int]e/s1 t he might be !   
subject ( no    political p[]1 b manage 
! religi\s affairs ( all    ,*ri/ian    

nations 9 p]fect indep5d5ce4 ,?is       
sov]eign    "r1 conf]r$ by ,god &       
confirm$  by m ?an t5    c5turies       
possession1 is nei!r to be surr5d]$ by !
    ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 nor to be tak5 away 
f x by diplomatic    treaties or a      
revolution>y popul> vote4 ,! arbitr>y & 
*im]ical s*eme to make ,rome ! capital (
 ,italy c nev]    be consid]$ 9         
comp>ison ) ! rights & int]e/s (        
,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom4      #b4 ,! ass]tion
 t ! pope1 z a prie/1 is unfit to be !  
head ( a political gov]nm5t1 & !re=e    
unable to promote    ! temporal welf>e (
 8 subjects1 is an untru?    suffici5tly
 refut$ by ! hi/ory ( a ?\s& ye>s4 ,!   
ma9t5ance & re/oration ( ! pope's       
political au?ority    9 its orig9al     
integrity is ! only means to save ,italy
 f    ! demoralization :i* ?reat5s h] f 
! secret    societies & ,k+ ,victor     
,emmanuel's policy4 ,to h ! ,holy       
,fa!r 9 h] mid/ con/itutes to-day1 z x  
has dur+ h]    :ole ,*ri/ian pa/1 !     
highe/ honor1 ! true greatness1    & !  

bless+ ( ,italy4      #c4 ,x is ! duty (
 pr9ces1 & ( e sov]eign p[]1 to         
protect ! indep5d5ce ( ! head ( ! *ur*  
to :i*    _! ,ca?olic subjects belong2 &
 ! ,ca?olics ( all    nations are       
entitl$ to dem& t ^! obligations %\ld be
    sacr$ly obs]v$4 ,a gov]nm5t :i*     
c\nt5ances !    violation ( ! supreme   
pontiffs rights makes itself !          
accomplice ( ! revolution4 ,to suff] !  
gov]nm5t (    ,victor ,emmanuel to      
enc\rage ) impunity or to und]take      
itself ent]prises t5d+ to imp]il !      
security ( ! ,roman    *ur* /ate1 is to 
und]m9e all respect = ! law (    nations
 & ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice4      #d4 ,love 
gifts1 rais$ by ! free1 unanim\s1 &     
untir+    devotion ( all ,ca?olics1 mu/ 
supply ! ,holy ,fa!r )    t assi/ance   
:i* is indisp5sable = ! gov]nm5t (    ! 
*ur*1 z long z trea*]y & =ce )hold f him
    ! enjoym5t ( ! e/ates be/[$ on him 9
 ! pa/ =    ! advantage ( all ,*ri/5dom4
 ,= ?is purpose a g5]al    organization 
mu/ be =m$4      #e4 ,9 view ( ! pres5t 

crisis1 ! ma9t5ance ( ! army    :i* !   
,holy ,fa!r requires = ! protection ( 8 
own    p]son & t ( 8 loyal subjects is a
 matt] :i*    pr(\ndly conc]ns ! :ole   
,ca?olic _w4 ,x %\ld be a    "q ( honor 
= e nation to be repres5t$ among its    
ranks1 & ,g]mans c\ld n d$icate _! lives
 to a nobl]    cause4    ,b ap>t f !    
influ5ce ( ^! eight millions ( ,roman   
,ca?olics 9 ,prussia1 no /ate :i*       
recognizes ! b9d+ =ce  ( its own        
civiliz+ mission1 & claims to be gov]n$ 
by law1  c\ld take "p 9 su* a dang]\s   
violation ( int]national  unity1 :atev] 
its political aff9ities & antec$5ts     
might  o!rwise happ5 to be4 ,g]many may 
or may n h va/  int]e/s 9 common ) !    
,italian nationality1 & may ev5  desire 
_! realization4 ,b ! int]e/s ( religion 
rank f>  above ^? ( ,italian            
nationality1 ) :i*1 z we h se51  !      
,roman "q is con/antly be+ conf\nd$4 ,! 
,italian  mon>*y1 z at pres5t con/itut$1
 c inspire little  confid5ce & respect  
at home or abroad4 ,indep5d5t ( all  o!r

 consid]ations1 x is difficult to       
p]ceive h[ any true  fri5d ( ,italy1 any
 patriot1 c\ld1 ev5 f a purely          
politico-national /&-po9t1 approve ( !  
,g>ibaldian raid1  & ! policy pursu$ by 
! ,flor5ce gov]nm5t 9 relation to  x4   
,:at ! new mon>*y /&s mo/ 9 ne$ ( at    
pres5t is  some?+ q diff]5t f ! ,utopian
 completion ( its  unity4  #hai  ,if ?is
 object has n be5 rea*$ already because 
,rome & its  half a million ( p are rul$
 by ! pope1 x w nev] be  accompli%$4 ,! 
mon>*y wants to /r5g!n itself int]nally1
  n to ext5d ext]nally4 ,a /rong1 able1 
& hone/ gov]nm5t1  an effici5t          
adm9i/ration1 a re/or$ f9ance1 a ?or\gh 
sy/em ( public in/ruction1 a developm5t 
( its comm]ce1  agriculture1 & indu/ry1 
&1 above all1 peace &  h>mony--^! are ! 
indisp5sable conditions to its future   
welf>e1 ev5 to its exi/5ce4 ,no?+ c\ld  
!re=e h be5  m fatal1 ev5 f ! n>r[e/ &  
mo/ selfi% po9t (  view1 ?an ! brea* ( !
 ,septemb] conv5tion4 ,x 01 ^u  ! :ole1 
! mo/ /atesmanlike programme :i* !      

,italian  gov]nm5t has yet adopt$ dur+  
its brief life1 & %\ld h  be5 sacr$ly   
obs]v$4 ,nei!r ! treaty ( alliance )    
,prussia1 :i* gave ,italy ! *ance to    
acquire ,v5etia1 nor !  peace ( ,vi5na1 
:i* ratifi$ t acquisition1 c\ld h  ex]t$
 s f>-rea*+ an influ5ce on ! dome/ic &  
=eign  position ( ! c\ntry4 ,! alliance 
) ,prussia1 x is true1  conta9$ ! g]ms (
 advantages :i* might ev5tually h       
ext5d$ mu* beyond ! settlem5t ( !       
,v5etian "q &  ! ab&onm5t ( !           
,quadrilat]al by ! ,au/rians4 ,b !      
fruition ( ^! promises requir$ "t2 =1 z 
soon z ,v5etia  0 dispos$ (1 x became   
evid5t t ! connection betwe5  ,italy &  
,prussia w\ld h to rema9 long less      
intimate &  important ?an ! connection  
betwe5 ,italy & ,france4 ,z long  z !   
latt] p[] rema9$ at ,rome1 ! att5tion ( 
!  ,italian /atesm5 w\ld h to cont9ue   
fix$ r on ,p>is  ?an on ,b]l94 ,accord+ 
to ! int5tions ( its ,italian  fram]s1 !
 conv5tion ( ,septemb] #ae? 0 to s]ve   
gradually  to loos5 ! ties :i* b\nd     

,italy to ,france1 & :i* began  !n      
already to be borne ) impati5ce by !    
nation4 ,by !  evacuation ( ! ,et]nal   
,city ! ,roman "q 0 to be  *ang$ into an
 exclusively ,italian "q4 ,b ?is project
  ! conduct ( ! ,italian mon>*y1 or1 to 
speak m precisely1  t ( ! /atesm5 :o    
succe$$ 9 (fice ^? :o _h  devis$ !      
programme1 has defeat$1 z we %all       
h]eaft] fully  expla92 & ! result is1 t 
! ,roman problem has once m  assum$ a   
diplomatic1 int]national phase1 p5d+    
aga9 betwe5  ,flor5ce & ,p>is4    ,!    
,septemb] conv5tion has fail$ to put an 
end to ^!  fur!r pretexts = =eign       
int]f]5ce 9 ! dome/ic affairs  ( ,italy1
 because its t]ms 7 nev] obs]v$1 &      
because its  au?ors 7 n af=d$ a *ance to
 c>ry _! policy out4  ,no?+ c\ld h be5 m
 inauspici\s ?an ! fact t !  /atesm5 :o 
conclud$ ! conv5tion %\ld h be5 driv5  f
 (fice on acc\nt ( ! ,tur9 difficulties1
 at ! v  "t :5 _! measures _h receiv$ ! 
approbation ( a l>ge  majority ( !      
nation1 & ! sanction ( ! majority ( !   

two *amb]s4 ,! fall ( ! ,m+hetti m9i/ry 
0 an anomaly  utt]ly contr>y to all     
ideas ( con/itutional gov]nm5t4 ,an     
important programme1 :i* *ang$ ! entire 
policy ( !  c\ntry & committ$ x to a new
 "o = ! next future1 _h  be5 accept$4 ,x
 c\ld nev] h be5 adopt$ )\t !  sanction 
( ! sov]eign1 nor )\t ! approval ( !    
c\ntry & its repres5tatives 9 p>liam5t4 
,& yet ^? :o  _h orig9at$ x & assum$ all
 its responsibilities 7  compell$ to    
resign p[] to m5 t accept$ ! legacy only
  because !y c\ld n help !mselves1 & ^: 
views diff]$  totally f ^? ( _!         
pr$ecessors 9 (fice4  #hbj  ,! ,m+hetti 
cab9et1 :i* _h to retire 9 consequ5ce ( 
!  excitem5t caus$ among ! p ( ,pi$mont 
by ! transf] (  ! national capital      
/ipulat$ = 9 ! ,septemb] conv5tion1  0  
succe$$ by ! ,la ,m>mora1 compos$ *iefly
 out (  ,pi$montese elem5ts1 al?\gh x   
repudiat$ all ! pr9ciples  ( ! ,m+hetti1
 :ile pret5d+ to recognize ! obligations
  result+ f ! conv5tion itself4 ,x is   
easy to conceive !  pr(\nd agitation    

produc$ by ?is *ange 9 ! ranks ( !      
mod]ate p>ty1 :i* _h hi!rto con/itut$ ! 
p>liam5t>y  majority4 ,! mo/ en]getic   
elem5t ( ?is p>ty _h be5 !  ,pi$montese4
 ,?r\gh its intimate relations ) !      
reign+  h\se1 its long p>liam5t>y       
exp]i5ce1 its bus9ess k1  its m>k$      
pr$om9ance 9 ! adm9i/ration & ! army1 ! 
,pi$montese _h always be5 ! mo/         
tru/wor?y support]s (  ! mod]ate cause1 
! /ronge/ bulw>k aga9/ ! incessant      
encroa*m5ts ( radicalism4 ,x 0 !        
majority ( ?is elem5t  t n[ coalesc$ ) !
 radicals = ! purpose ( fight+  by _!   
side aga9/ ! late mod]ate lead]s1 :om !y
 c\ld  n p>don = hav+ sev]$ ! hegemony (
 ,pi$mont & ,tur9  by ! transf] ( !     
capital to ,flor5ce4 ,9 addition to !   
des]tion ( ! bulk ( ! ,pi$montese1 !    
rema9d] ( !  mod]ates split among       
!mselves4 ,"s refus$ to des]t _!  fall5 
lead]s2 o!rs1 & especially su* z _h jo9$
 ! new  adm9i/ration1 :ile /ill cont5t  
to adh]e to a mod]ate  policy & to      
accept ! ,septemb] conv5tion z a "p ( x1

  yet ?\ght !y might safely v5ture to   
sacrifice ! au?ors (  ! latt] to !      
prejudices ( ,pi$mont1 & t )\t  s]i\s   
injury to ! mat]ial features ( !        
programme4 ,?is  division betwe5 !      
support]s ( ! old cab9et1 ! s-call$     
,consort]ia1 & ! new1 became mo/        
conspicu\s at !  elections 9 ! autumn ( 
#ahfe1 :5 ! latt] oppos$1 or  p]mitt$   
its foll[]s to oppose1 ! c&idates ( !   
=m]1  :i* result$ 9 l>ge accessions to !
 radicals4 ,! ,ricasoli  cab9et1 =m$ 9 !
 spr+ ( #ahff1 also hop$ to /r5g!n      
itself by conciliat+ ! radicals1 :ile x 
cont9u$ to  ma9ta9 ! unfri5dly attitude 
( its pr$ecessors t[>d !  ,consort]ia4  
,b ! result 01 t ! ,ricasoli m9i/ry     
fail$ to secure a majority :5 x dissolv$
 p>liam5t 9  ,febru>y1 #ahfg4    ,is !  
/eady decad5ce ( ! ,italian mon>*y due  
to !  dis9tegration ( ! mod]ate p>ty1 or
 is ?is dis9tegration  ( ! p>ty ( ord]  
m]ely a symptom ( ! g5]al decl9e (  !   
old c\ntry & ! new k+dom8 ,x w suffice  
to ?r[ out  ^! qu]ies1 & to conte/ate at

 ! same "t !  circum/ance t ! influ5ce (
 ! gov]nm5t has dim9i%$  9 ! same ratio 
z t ( ! radicals has increas$2 t !      
confusion & disord] 9 all dep>tm5ts ( ! 
public s]vice  h kept pace ) ! f9ancial 
emb>rassm5t4 ,al?\gh e  m9i/ry call$ to 
(fice s9ce #ahfd has be5 m or less      
recruit$ f ! dbris ( ! old mod]ate p>ty1
 ea*  succe$+ adm9i/ration has prov$    
itself less capable (  resi/+ ! advances
 ( ! radicals & ! ,pi$montese           
opposition1 & ! la/ ,ratazzi m9i/ry 0   
=c$ at ! />t  to dep5d altoge!r on _!   
support & =be>ance4  #hba  ,^! be+ !    
facts1 x is only natural t ! programme (
  ! mod]ates 9 relation to ! ,roman & ! 
ecclesia/ical  que/ions %\ld h lo/      
au?ority ye> aft] ye>1 session  aft]    
session1 until x has f9ally become      
impracticable (  execution4 ,!          
non-int]v5tion policy presuppos$ fir/ ( 
all a  gov]nm5t /rong & hone/ en\gh to  
en=ce a pacific c\rse  t[>d ! pope4 ,b  
no su* gov]nm5t has ev] yet be5 kn[n  9 
,italy4 ,! secret negotiations ) ,rome1 

conduct$ by ! ,la  ,m>mora & ! ,ricasoli
 cab9ets1 7?r\gh ,vegezzi & ,tonello17  
relat$ only to spiritual affairs2 b ev5 
^! 7 defeat$  by ! ma*9ations ( !       
radicals 9 p>liam5t & 9 !  press4 ,?is  
p>ty desires no deal+s :atev] ) ! papal 
gov]nm5t1 nei!r 9 relation to temporal  
nor spiritual  matt]s4 ,x is an         
uncompromis+ oppon5t ( ,cav\r's maxim1  
,lib]o *iesa 9 lib]o /ato1 :i* x        
consid]s !  greate/ mis=tune t c\ld     
befall ! c\ntry4 ,betwe5 !  radicals (  
,italy & ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ! w> is "o (   
life  & dea?4 ,!y *>ge ! papacy ) hav+  
caus$ ! division  & subjugation ( !     
p59sula4 ,!y hold up ! :ole  in/itution 
z ! mortal foe ( e national aspiration =
  unity & indep5d5ce4 ,!y say t only    
doctr9>ians &  disguis$ cl]icals c draw 
a l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ,rome's       
temporal & spiritual rule1 & op5ly boa/ 
t x is _!  mission to complete at once !
 unity ( ,italy1 & to free !  _w f      
papacy4 ,^! are ! lead+ po9ts 9 !       
radical  programme1 & !y are1 !re=e1 !  

exact opposite to ^?  laid d[n 9 !      
,septemb] conv5tion4    ,b1 despite !   
dis9tegration ( ! mod]ate p>ty1 despite 
! feebl5ess ( ! consecutive m9i/ries 9  
(fice s9ce  #ahfd1 a programme :i*      
sub/itutes ! subjugation ( ! *ur*  = its
 fre$om1 ! physical conque/ ( ,rome =   
its moral1  w\ld p]haps h less rapidly  
ga9$ gr\nd1 _h n an  entirely new factor
 ent]$ into ! relations betwe5 !        
,italian & ! papal gov]nm5ts--betwe5    
*ur* & /ate2 &  ?is factor 0 !          
all-engross+ f9ancial "q4 ,!  radicals  
cunn+ly us$ x to ha/5 ! solution ( !    
,roman  problem by advocat+ !           
confiscation ( ! ecclesia/ical  prop]ty1
 & !y succe$$ 9 p]suad+ ! mod]ates to   
c\nt5ance a policy :i* 0 felt to be an  
outrage to all  ju/ice4 ,! latt]1 in/ead
 ( act+ 9 accordance ) !  pr9ciple ( a  
free *ur* 9 a free /ate1 accept$ !      
radical  po/ulates4 ,! influ5ce ( !     
radicals con/antly grew1  because !y 7  
p]fectly unit$1 decid$1 & logical on all
  que/ions relat+ to *ur* & /ate1 :ile1 

! mod]ates only  reluctantly1 & ) !     
secret consci\sness ( _! own            
inconsequ5ce1 ass5t$ to measures :i*    
endang]$ bo? !  discipl9e & possessions 
( ! *ur*4 ,a p>ty :i* fights  boldly "u 
its own colors may be vanqui%$ to-day1  
yet rally  aga9 to-morr[ & conqu] at    
la/2 b a p>ty :i* is  compell$ to hide  
its colors & to hoi/ ^? ( its foes      
resigns all hopes ( resum+ ! conte/ aft]
 ! fir/  rev]se4 ,z f> z ! int]e/s ( !  
papacy are1 !re=e1  conc]n$1 !re is v   
little diff]5ce betwe5 ! radicals  & !  
mod]ates ( ,italy4 ,bo? w\ld l to obta9 
,rome1 only  t ! latt] diff] 9 reg>d to 
! means4 ,:ile ! radicals  w\ld resort  
to brute =ce1 ! mod]ates w\ld tru/ to   
cunn+  & plott+2 = !y "k t ! ,roman "q  
is n1 l  ! ,v5etian1 a m]e "q ( national
 indep5d5ce & unity1  :i* c be solv$    
p]man5tly by w> or revolution4  #hbb    
,_! object is n simply ! de/ruction ( ! 
worldly p[]  ( ! pope & ! annexation ( !
 small /rip ( t]ritory  /ill left to    
him4 ,! supreme pontiff has m ?an once  

lo/  8 temporality2 b 8 asc5d5cy ov] !  
m9ds ( m5 0  r /r5g!n$ ?an weak5$ by 8  
adv]sity1 & ) !  aid ( 8 moral au?ority1
 8 spiritual influ5ce1 he has e  "t     
rega9$ :at he _h lo/4 ,to deprive him1  
once = all1 (  8 worldly p[]1 he mu/    
fir/ be r$uc$ to a condition :i*  w n   
all[ him to avail himself aga9 ( 8 moral
 au?ority  z ! head ( ! *ur*1 & x is to 
?is end t !  mod]ates h be5 work+ 9     
v>i\s ways4    ,9 relation to ! propos$ 
,european congress we h no?+ to  say1   
except t x is an impossibility4 ,z !    
pa/oral lett]  ( ! ,bi%op ( ,orleans    
=cibly rem>k$1 su* a conf]5ce  c\ld only
 be compos$ ( k+s2 = ! fate ( ! supreme 
pontiff %\ld nev] be left to ! decision 
( a ,gorts*ak(f or  a ,bism>ck4    ,s9ce
 ! above article 0 writt51 ! debates 9 !
 ,italian  *amb]s h %[n to u anew t !   
,holy ,fa!r c expect  no?+ f ! mon>*y4  
,!y h prov$ aga9 t ! ,roman  "q is      
consid]$ by !m to be a m]e political "q1
  & ?is )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to its   
religi\s &  int]national features4      

,cav\r once ann\nc$1 ) !  approbation ( 
p>liam5t1 t ,italy mu/ h ,rome2 b       
,g5]al ,m5abrea kn[s full well !        
pressure "u :i* !  mod]n ,ma*iavelli1 ! 
man ( impromptu & *icane1 0 =c$  to     
resort to ?is exp$i5t4 ,m5abrea may1    
p]haps1 nev] make  common cause )       
,g>ibaldi z ,ratazzi has done1 n ev5 = !
  sake ( ,rome2 b he is equally de/itute
 ( moral pr9ciples4  ,italy1 x appe>s1  
has n be5 r5d]$ "o :it ! wis] or  m     
hone/ by ! deep humiliation :i* %e has  
rec5tly  und]gone2 o!rwise1 %e w\ld n h 
! audacity to ask t  ! ,ca?olic _w %\ld 
confide ! fate ( ! *ur* to a  /ate :i*  
has = ye>s p]si/5tly d]id$1 oppress$1 & 
plund]$ ! *ur*4 ,italy has too rec5tly  
be5 leagu$ )  "o :o nev] ceases to utt] 
! vile/ invectives & ?reats  aga9/ !    
papacy1 & %e is q ready to avail h]self 
aga9  ( ! next opportunity to outrage ! 
law ( nations by  proclaim+ ! law ( !   
revolution4 ,italy1 ev5 _h %e !  wi%1   
:i* %e has n1 w\ld n h ! p[] to protect 
!  *ur*1 = %e has un*a9$ e elem5t mo/   

ho/ile to x1  & c n[ h]self only exi/ by
 a *a9 ( negations4 ,to a  /ate l ?is1  
to :i* no?+ has be5 sacr$ s9ce ,*>les   
,alb]t's revolt aga9/ ,au/ria1 9 ,may1  
#ahdh1 & :i* is s  feeble int]nally1 !  
,ca?olic _w c\ld nev] dream (  intru/+  
its holie/ & highe/ int]e/s4 ,:ole      
,europe w\ld  fir/ h to take leave ( its
 s5ses4 ,x is n solely !  ,ca?olic p[]s 
:i*--unless1 inde$1 !y aim1 l ,russia1  
at  ! total de/ruction (                
,ca?olicism--are pr(\ndly conc]n$ 9  ?is
 "q4 ,e exi/+ /ate has a vital int]e/ 9 
oppos+ ?is op5ly av[$ s*eme to unsettle 
all fundam5tal  pr9ciples ( equity &    
ju/ice4 ,%\ld ! ,italian doctr9e        
triumph1 z ,m5abrea d>es to prophesy1 ! 
old feudal times1  :5 might made "r &   
brute =ce rul$ supreme1 w\ld return  on 
e>? 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! *ur* /ate  
exi/s  s9ce elev5 c5turies1 ! ,italian  
mon>*y n yet z _m  ye>s2 ! *ur* /ate    
owes its rise to ! cons5t ( its         
populations1 ! ,italian mon>*y to a     
s]ies ( intrigues &  viol5ce1 r5d]$     

successful ?r\gh =eign support4  #hbc   
,& n[ ! ,italian mon>*y comes aga91 9 ! 
mid/ ( peace1  )\t cause or provocation1
 )\t ! wi% ( ^? mo/  deeply int]e/$ 9 ! 
"q1 ! ,romans !mselves1 to  decl>e once 
m1 ,rome is m9e6 ,h]s8 h[8 ,?r\gh ^?    
boa/$ moral means1 :i* h turn$ out to be
 a b& (  filibu/]s1 ! accomplices ( !   
b&itti :o select$ !  ev5+ ( !           
tw5ty-second day ( ,octob]1 #ahfg1 = !  
purpose ( inaugurat+ _! h]oic a*ievem5ts
 ) de$s (  murd] & arson8 ,?is is !     
policy--^! are !  pr9ciples--:i* ,g5]al 
,m5abrea1 ! putative fa!r ( !  ,septemb]
 conv5tion & ( a moral solution ( !     
,roman  "q1 has ! unblu%+ h>dihood to   
proclaim 9 ! face (  civiliz$ &         
*ri/ianiz$ ,europe6 ,:at answ] w ! two  
hundr$ millions ( ,roman ,ca?olics      
return8    --------             ,! ,love
 ,( ,! ,p>don$4             ,he to :om  
less is =giv51         ! same love?     
less4               ,disciple4          
,sweet ,"l1    ',tis true ?y love no    
measure kn[s2      ,& yet ?\ mu/ agree1 

,a love )9 my bosom gl[s      ,?\ can/ n
 feel = me--    ,! love t spr+s 9 p>don$
 he>ts    ,) all ! joy su* love imp>ts4 
,i long1 b :y ,i d n "k1    ,t ?\1 de>  
,"l1 c\ld/ love me s4                   
,ma/]4      ,my *ild1    ,?y bre?r5 are 
my images4      ,:]e=e ,i said to !e3   
,:ate'er ?\ doe/ unto ^!      ,?\ doe/  
unto me4    ,%all ,i h joy if ?\ disp5se
      ,?y b\nty on _! ne$1    ,& if ?\  
p>done/ _! (f5ce      ,feel n ! lov+    
de$8    ,t :i* ?\ doe/ is div9e4        
,d\bt n2 _! love is also m9e6           
--------    #hbd               ,:at     
,doctor ,m>ks di$ (4      ,"s "o at our 
camp-fire _h *anc$ to m5tion ,dr4 ,m>ks1
 :i*  call$ =? ! comm5t t ! doctor _h   
di$ (  he>t-disease--be5 f\nd dead 9 8  
b$4    ,major ,arnold lift$ 8 d>k1      
bright eyes f dream+ ov] !  coals1 &    
look$ /eadily at ! la/ speak]4 ,di$ (   
he>t-disease8 he repeat$1 ) a slightly  
sceptical  inflection4    ,yes1 sir6--v 
positively4    ,! major look$ into !    
fire aga91 & ?\ghtfully ?ridd$  8 be>d  

?r\gh 8 f+]s1 :ile he appe>$ to weigh ! 
pros & cons ( "s impulse 9 8 m9d4 ,!    
pros tilt$ !  beam1 & ! major spoke4 ,b 
he fir/ drew 8 h& d[n across  8 eyes1 & 
swept away1 ) t pass1 ! pres5t sc5e (   
myriad t5ts1 gho/ly-:ite 9 ! moonlight1 
or %9+ crimson  9 ! light ( scatt]$     
fires2 ( closely-cr[d+1  %ad[-haunt$    
s\!rn crags & =e/s t lift$ !mselves  f  
our feet to ! horizon1 _! black & ragg$ 
rim /&+  boldly out aga9/ a sky t 0     
flood$ ) ! mell[  radiance ( ! full     
moon1 all its />s & all its purple      
swamp$ 9 t sil5t & melan*oly tide4      
,poor ,anne ,a!rton6 ,i _h n ?\ght t our
 r\gh major  c\ld speak s s(tly4 ,i _h  
be5 go+ to ! door e day1  = weeks1 to   
ask h[ %e 01 hop+ 9 spite ( ! doctors4  
,b "o morn+1 :5 ,i rea*$ ! /eps1 ,i saw 
a /rip ( crape  ti$ r\nd ! bell-knob4   
,no ne$ ( que/ions t day4 ,poor  little 
,anne 0 gone6    ,i call h] little2 b %e
 0 eighte51 & well-gr[n4 ,x is  only a  
fond way ( intimat+ t %e crept into all 
our he>ts4  ,p lik$ h] = h] hone/       

beauty1 h] ready smile1 & h]  *e]ful    
voice4 ,anne 0 n "o ( y\r bili\s-sublime
 sort1  b a /rong1 sweet1 s5sible girl1 
) an apple-blossom  complexion & a cle> 
consci5ce4 ,h] family 7 old fri5ds (    
m9e1 & ,anne 0 engag$ & ab\t to be m>ri$
 to my  p>ticul> crony--,john ,%>on--"o 
( ! be/ fell[s t ev]  trod %oe-lea!r4   
,poor ,john6 ,my he>t a*$ = him z ,i w5t
  d[n-t[n t day4    ,!re's a little     
,scotti% poem t rem9d$ me1 ! fir/ "t  ,i
 read x1 ( ,john ,%>on's loves & hates3 
',twe$ said to ,till1    ,:at g>s ye r9 
sae /ill8    ,till said to ,twe$1       
,?\gh ye r9 wi' spe$1    ,& ,i r9 slaw1 
,:> ye droon ae man1    ,i droon twa4'  
,! curr5t ( ,john's feel+s 0 l ! curr5t 
( ,till  riv]4    ,t ev5+ ,i w5t up to !
 h\se ) my arms full ( :ite  fl[]s4     
,m9nie ,a!rton want$ me to g 9 to see h]
 si/]2  b ,i hesitat$4 ,i _h always     
dislik$ to look at a corpse1 & ,i  hat$ 
to lose f my m9d ! picture x held ( t   
rosy-*eek$ girl1 & take 9 its place ev] 
s fair an image (  dea?4    ',%e looks v

 peaceful1' ,m9nie said te>fully1 see+  
my  unwill+ness4 ',& y may be able to   
com=t ,john4 ,we c't get  him away f    
h]4'    #hbe    ,i nev] 0 mu* at com=t+ 
p4 ,all t ,i "k h[ to  say to a cry+    
woman is1 ',n[1 don't1 my de>6' & to a  
cry+  man ,i c\ldn't utt] a ^w4 ,s9ce !n
 ,i h m>*$ up to a  batt]y ) less %ak+ (
 ! n]ves ?an ,i felt on t day  :5 ,i w5t
 into ! d>k5$ room :]e ,anne ,a!rton lay
 dead1  & ,john ,%>on sat look+ at h]4  
,!re 7 no te>s 9 8  eyes1 !re 0 no      
trembl+ 9 8 lip or voice4 ,he look$ z   
?\gh he _h s long gaz$ ^u & /udi$ t face
 ( h]s  t 8 own _h le>n$ ! secret ( its 
froz5 calm4 ,i c\ld  n tell :i* ( ! two 
0 :it]4    ,h[ beautiful %e 06 ,!re 0   
/ill a fa9t p9k 9 h] lips2  b :]e t     
m>vell\s ri* color _h bloom$ 9 ! *eeks1 
& a fa9t] t9t 9 ! small e>s & r\nd$ *91 
!re 0  n[ only pure :ite4 ,b t pallor   
reveal$ _m an exquisite  outl9e :i* _h  
be5 unnot$ :5 h] color dazzl$ ! eyes4   
,h] head 0 turn$ aside1 ) "o h& "u !    
*eek1 & h]  long1 fair hair 0 put back f

 ! face1 & lay 9 %9+  ripples d[n h]    
%\ld]s & back4 ,%e wore h] bridal dress 
& veil1 "s filmy1 fro/y /uff1 t look$ z 
?\gh x  might melt1 be+ s ne> ! clu/] ( 
c&les t burn$ at  h] head4 ,!re 0 no    
light 9 ! room b f ^? c&les4    ,m9nie  
scatt]$ my fl[]s ov] h] si/]'s hair &   
dress4 ',i  am glad t y br\ght          
tub]oses1' %e said1 ',anne always lov$  
!m4'    ,a long1 sl[ sigh heav$ ,john   
,%>on's brea/4 ,he c>efully took  up "o 
( ! blossoms & look$ x all ov]--! fl[] t
  ,anne _h lov$6 ,!n he laid x t5d]ly   
back aga94 ,n all !  blooms ( e>? c\ld1 
= any o!r reason1 h won a glance  f him 
at t mom5t2 b ,i "k t he has a tub]ose  
engrav5 z %>ply ^u 8 memory z y ev] saw 
any :ite  fl[] cut ^u a tomb-/one4      
,pres5tly ,m9nie left ! room1 glanc+ at 
me z %e w5t4 ,i  v5tur$ to lay my h& on 
,john's %\ld]4 ,i "k x1 ,arnold1'  he   
said quietly4 ',y w\ld help me if y     
c\ld4 ,b !re is no  help on e>?4 ,don't 
worry ab\t me4 ,i c't leave :ile %e is  
above gr\nd4 ,!re w be "t en\gh1 by &   

by1 = re/4'    ',i h no ^w ( consolation
 to (f]1' ,i said4    ',b ,i h a ?\ght t
 consoles me1' he repli$1 lean+  =w>d ) 
t5d] passion to lay 8 h& on h]s2 ',i h n
  altoge!r lo/ h]4 ,i %all meet h] aga91
 my d>l+6 ,i %all  meet h] aga96'    ,i 
turn$ away & left !m !re h& 9 h&4    ,:5
 ,i w5t up ! next morn+ ,i f\nd ,john   
trembl+ )  excitem5t4 ',i h j re/ra9$   
myself f tak+ ,dr4  ,m>ks's life6' he   
said1 8 tee? fairly *att]+4 ',:at d y   
?9k t ! brute d>$ to propose to me8 ,he 
wants to make a  po/-mortem exam9ation (
 ,anne6 ,t "y =m t !  h& ( man has nev] 
t\*$1 to be cut up = ! gratification  ( 
a m]e pr(essional curiosity6 ,i told him
 to run = 8 life1  or ,i w\ld /rangle   
him4'    ,tell+ ?is1 ,john pant$ l a man
 out ( brea?4    ,i tri$ to soo! him4   
',^! doctors get us$ to ev]y?+1' ,i     
said4 ',m>ks c\ld h no idea h[ y feel   
ab\t x4'    ,he wrung 8 h&s1 /ill %iv]+ 
) loa?+ ( ! ?\ght  t _h be5 =c$ on him4 
',i c't get ov] x6' he said4 ',i  am    
sorry t he 0 call$ 9 at ! consultation4 

,if ,i _h  kn[n 9 season1 he %\ld n h   
come4  #hbf  ,he is a co>se-gra9$ fell[1
 :o1 = ! sake ( gratify+  8 curiosity   
ab\t a disease1 w\ld outrage all !      
dec5cies (  life4 ',i believe1          
,arnold--' "h ,john *ok$ ) ! words he   
w\ld h utt]$4    ',my de> fell[1 try to 
=get x1' ,i said4 ',he has ask$1 &  y h 
refus$1 & !re's an end ( ! matt]4'      
',i don't believe t x is end$1' ,john   
said1 look+ at me  /rangely4    ',y     
don't mean--' ,i began4    ,b he lift$ 8
 h& z ?\gh he c\ld n be> to h !  ?\ght  
put into words4 ',i %all wat* h] grave e
 night =  a week1' he said4 ',w y wat* )
 me tonight1 ,arnold8'    ,i promis$1 & 
we p>t$4    ,anne ,a!rton's case 0 a    
peculi> "o4 ,!y _h call$ x  quick       
consumption1 = want ( a bett] "n4 ,%e   
always  p]si/$ 9 say+ t %e _h swall[$   
some?+ %>p l a  p91 & t x _h ent]$ h]   
left lung2 b ( all h]  physicians1      
,doctor ,m>ks 0 ! only "o :o believ$ x  
possible t %e might be "r4 ,on ! /r5g? (
 ?is half  agreem5t he _h propos$ !     

exam9ation4    ,! ,s\? cemet]y1 j       
outside ! city1 us$ to be !  p>adise (  
body-snat*]s4 ,x 0 9 a lonesome         
neighborhood1  & two sides bord]$ on !  
op5 c\ntry4 ,_m a grave 9 t  cemet]y _h 
giv5 up its dead to ! dissect+-knife1   
:ile !  b]eav$ ones at home little      
dream$ t its sacr$ re/ _h  be5 di/urb$4 
,! ,a!rtons _h a lot !re1 & ,anne 0     
buri$ 9 x4 ,we cov]$ ! new-made grave ) 
ev]gre5s1  wrea? l9k$ 9 wrea?1 ! :ole   
spr9kl$ ) :ite  fl[]s--a pretty         
c\nt]pane = ! fair sleep] bel[4    ,x 0 
five m9utes pa/ n9e 9 ! ev5+ :5 ,i      
vault$ ov]  ! /one wall1 & walk$ d[n !  
c5tral av5ue4 ,! ,a!rton  lot 0 n f> f !
 entrance1 & in/ead ( a high f5ce1  )   
gate & lock l ! o!rs1 x 0 surr\nd$ only 
by a  l[ rim ( granite4 ,z ,i approa*$1 
,i saw ! tall1 :ite  monum5t 9 ! c5tre1 
& ,john ,%>on lean+ aga9/ x1 &  look+   
d[n on ! wrea?-cov]$ m\nd at 8 feet4 ,he
 />t$  :5 he he>d my /ep1 & came to meet
 me1 tak+ my h& 9 a  /rong1 cold clasp4 
',we w sit "h1' he said1 lead+ me to a  

%ady nook at !  o!r side ( ! av5ue4     
,! place he _h select$ 0 a grove (      
,norway spruces :i*  =m$ a half-circle1 
! op5 side fac+ ! ,a!rton lot1 &  n m   
?an two rods di/ant f x4 ,?\ghtful = my 
com=t1 ?\gh indiff]5t to 8 own1 ,john _h
 ?r[n a %awl  ov] ! horizontal slab (   
m>ble 9 ! c5tre ( ?is grave1  & on t we 
seat$ ourselves4 ,he _h br\ght1 too1 a  
little  flask ( br&y1 :i* he press$ into
 my h&1 b w\ld n  ta/e ( himself4 ,x did
 n come amiss2 = ! season 0 !  la/ (    
,octob]1 & ! night *illy1 ?\gh cle> &   
calm4    ,i ask$ ,john :at he meant to d
 if ! doctor %\ld make 8  appe>ance4    
',i %all fright5 him1' he said4 ',i h my
 pi/ol "h1 &  mean to fire x4 ,i c\ldn't
 be> to h a fight ov] h] grave4'    ,we 
sat !re & await$ 9 sil5ce1 ,john ) 8    
eyes fix$ on  ! m\nd across ! way4 ,!   
la/ ray ( ! sett+ moon  t\*$ ) a :ite   
lu/re its wrea?s1 & e little gho/  ( a  
fl[]1 !n slipp$ up ! %aft ( m>ble ne>   
by1 po9t$  ) a lum9\s f+] to ! 're/ 9   
peace1' engrav5 !re1  %[$ "n aft] "n1 & 

date aft] date1 /ole up ! cross  at !   
top1 l+]$ an in/ant on its summit1 !n   
melt$ into  ! air4  #hbg  ,foll[+ its   
flight ) my glance1 ,i saw t ! sky 0 ( a
  pale1 transp>5t gray1 ) a few l>ge />s
 9 x4 ,cle>ly out  aga9/ ?is backgr\nd  
/ood ! ro(s & spires ( t  sleep+ city t 
brea!d :ile x slept1 & m cle>ly yet  !  
monum5ts1 & a f9e trac]y ( ! b>e trees1 
bran*1  /em1 & twig %[+ delicate z      
lace-"w1 ( t ne>] city  :i* slept 9     
awful1 brea?less sil5ce1 nev] /irr+ =   
sunrise nor sunset1 nev] />t+ at any    
al>m1 nor op5+ its  eyes1 let :o w\ld g 
by4    ,! ev5+ _h be5 calm1 b z x grew  
t[>d midnight a  fa9t & fitful breeze   
came n[ & !n1 l a sigh1 sett+  t net-"w 
( bran*es 9 a %iv]1 & sweep+ ! dry      
leaves ab\t ) a l[ & m\rnful ru/l+4 ,!  
place &  "t1 ! sil5ce t 0 only brok5 by 
t weird &  _s-l w9d1 & yet m1 ! face (  
my companion1  affect$ me /rongly4 ,john
 sat lean+ slightly =w>d1 8  h&s clasp$ 
on 8 knees1 8 gaze fix$ on t grave he _h
  come to wat*1 & z motionless z any    

/one ab\t u4 ,!  froz5 look ( 8 face    
*ill$ me4 ,i c\ld n see nor he> t  he   
brea!d2 & !re 0 no movem5t ( an eyelid  
ev54 ,i w\ld  h spok5 to him if ,i _h   
d>$4 ,i long$ = "s s\nd :i*  w\ld />tle 
him out ( t trance2 b !re he sat        
motionless1 app>5tly lifeless4    ,i    
took a swall[ ( br&y & tri$ to occupy my
 ?\ghts  o!rwise4 ,i look$ ?r\gh !      
int]/ices ( ! trees ne> me  & c\nt$     
grave-/ones4 ,close by 7 two old sunk5  
graves  ) slate /ones lean+ awry at _!  
heads1 :]e lay1 or _h  la91 gr&fa!r &   
gr&mo!r ,sawy]--a lat] ,john ,&]son  & 8
 wife1 :o _h gone1 h& 9 h&1 up & d[n !  
hill1  & n[ slept !gi!r at ! foot4 ,i   
say !y _h la9 !re2  =1 9 ! fifty odd    
ye>s s9ce _! burial1 x 0 mo/  probable t
 _! du/ _h left its place b5ea? ^?      
tumble-d[n slate /ones & gone ab\t o!r  
bus9ess1 ris+1  may be1 9 grasses &     
fl[]s4 ,n mu* ( ! old c\ple left  9 _!  
c(f9s1 be sure4 ,p]haps ! *ildr5 _h     
c>ri$ !  la/ ( !m away 9 violets &      
maywe$1 t v summ]4  ,possibly ! birds _h

 peck$ !m up1 9 "o %ape or ano!r4       
,w\ld ,john ,%>on nev] move8    ,i turn$
 & pe]$ back to :]e a small :ite cross  
/ood1  look+ l a *ild 9 its night-g[n1 )
 arms ext5d$4 ,i  c\ld fancy "s de>     
little fright5$ ?+ com+ to me 9  t      
lonely place1 sil5t f fe>1 or only      
fa9tly :imp]+1  all ( a tremor1 poor    
babe6 till ,i %\ld rea* & clasp x  safe4
 ,! ru/l+ ( ! leaves 0 its little b>e   
feet 9  !m1 ! sigh ( air 0 its sobb+    
brea?4    ,i gave myself a %ake4 ,well1 
to be sure6 a :ite m>ble cross to  m>k  
:]e a *ild _h be5 buri$ a ye> or two    
be=e4 ,i  rememb]$ hav+ se51 9 ,june1 a 
r$-ripe /rawb]ry on t  grave1 look+ z   
?\gh ! little creature's m\? 7 put up   
?r\gh ! sod to be kiss$4    ,i turn$ to 
,john ,%>on aga94 ,he _h n /irr$4 ,i    
look$ at  ! grave he wat*$1 & wond]$ if1
 ) t /eadfa/ gaze1  he c\ld pi]ce ! sod1
 z clairvoyants tell1 & see ,anne  ly+1 
cold & lovely1 f> bel[1 ) "o h& "u h]   
*eek  & ! o!r on h] brea/1 & h] hair    
fl[+ d[n unb\nd1  nev] aga9 to float on 

any breeze1 to toss ) any light motion  
( h]s1 to be twi/$ ab\t 8 f+]s4    #hbh 
,i turn$ quickly to t\* him1 b1 z ,i    
rais$ my h&1 he  />t$4 ,a s\gh ( air _h 
aris51 fa9t b f>-rea*+2 !  leaves ru/l$ 
& crept all ab\t ! _m graves2 & ?r\gh  t
 s\nd ,i he>d a /ep4    ,john's =m came 
erect1 z ?\gh /iff5$ by a galvanic %ock1
  & he %>ply turn$ 8 head aside to li/54
 ,= "o mom5t  !re 0 sil5ce aga91 !n a   
s\nd ( feet c>efully tread+  d[n ! av5ue
 t[>d u4 ,i he>d ! brea? %iv] ?r\gh     
,john's tee?1 & saw him take some?+ f 8 
brea/4 ,!n  two m5 came /eal+ across our
 view1 _! =ms1 z we sat  l[1 def9$ aga9/
 ! sky4 ,"o 0 unkn[n to me1 b !  o!r 0  
easy to recognize--,dr4 ,m>ks's l>ge1   
a?letic =m  loom$ aga9/ ! />s4 ,bo? m5  
c>ri$ spades1 & ! doctor  _h a sack     
hang+ ov] 8 arm4 ,!y w5t directly to !  
,a!rton lot1 &1 aft] :isp]+ toge!r = a  
mom5t1 !  small] man /oop$ to pull away 
! wrea?s f ! grave1 &  ,dr4 ,m>ks set 8 
spade to ! e>? & 8 foot to ! spade4     
',we mu/ make ha/e1' ,i he>d him say4   

',our "t is %ort4'    ,8 0 %ort] ?an he 
knew4    ,)\t look+ directly at ,john1  
,i _h se5 him come =w>d  ) 8 knee to !  
gr\nd1 & raise 8 h& level ) 8  eyes1 &  
,i 0 aw>e ( a flick] be=e 8 face1 z (   
light  on poli%$ metal4 ,!re 0 a fa9t   
s\nd ( ! spade ?ru/  ?r\gh loose gravel1
 &1 z he he>d x1' ,john />t$1 &  cri$   
out z if ! ?ru/ _h be5 ?r\gh 8 he>t4 ,at
 !  same in/ant a flame leap$ out f !   
gloom :]e9 we lurk$1  ! sil5ce crack$ ) 
a %>p report1 & bo? m5 dropp$  _! spades
 & ran4    ,john />t$ to 8 feet1 ha/5$  
to ! grave :i* he _h  sav$ f pr(anation1
 &1 aft] hav+ remov$ f x1 )  lov+ c>e1 e
 sign ( di/urbance1 ?rew himself ^u x1  
& sobb$ z ?\gh 8 he>t w\ld break4    ,! 
major paus$1 bru%$ 8 h& across 8 eyes1 &
 gaz$ a  mom5t long] into ! coals1 9 :i*
 he _h seem$ to read t  /ory4 ,!n he    
look$ up quickly1 /raight5$ himself1 &  
became aw>e aga9 ( ! s\!rn night1 ! _m  
t5ts1 & !  fire-light$ faces ( soldi]s  
li/5+ t[>d him4    ,i _h my suspicions1 
he resum$1 9 a *ang$ voice1 t  ,john's  

%ot 0 n s h>mless z he _h int5d$ x to   
be2 b  ,i said no?+ to him1 & :5 he told
 me to g home1 ,i w5t4  ,:5 ,i rea*$ !  
/reet1 ,i saw two m5 walk+ sl[ly away1  
"o  support+ ! o!r4 ,! next day ,i he>d 
t ,dr4 ,m>ks 0  dead4 ,/rangely en\gh1  
we 7 able to keep ! k f  ,john4 ,he nev]
 left ! h\se1 except at night1 till aft]
 a  week1 :5 we jo9$ our regim5ts2 &    
s9ce !n he has _h  en\gh to ?9k ( & to d
 )\t inquir+ aft] ,dr4 ,m>ks's  heal?4  
,! doctor's family said he di$ (        
he>t-disease2 & ,i don't  blame !m =    
putt+ ! be/ face !y c\ld on ! affair4   
,! he>ts ( mo/ p1 :5 !y die1 h some?+ ! 
matt] ) !m--!y are likely to /op4       
--------    #hbi           ,b>toleme    
,las ,casas4 ,footnote #gf              
,footnote #gf3 ,! ,life ( ,las ,casas1  
,! ,apo/le ( ! ,indies4      ,by ,ar?ur 
,helps4      ,london3 ,bell  ,daldy4    
#ahfh4 #abmo1 pp4 #bib4      ,= sale by 
! ,ca?olic ,publication ,society1 ,new  
,york4        ,is ,! ,*>ge ,9 ,hi/ory   
,aga9/ ,him ,su/a9$8      ,( all ! great

 m5 ( ! ,spani% race :o ev] visit$ !    
%ores ( ! ,am]ican cont95t1 x may ) tru?
 be said t  ,b>toleme de las ,casas1    
,bi%op ( ,*iapa1 0 ! greate/4 ,8        
p]sonal virtues1 9 :i* he surpass$ o!rs1
 7 only  equall$ by ! exalt$ purpose to 
:i* 8 long life 0  exclusively devot$4  
,8 c>e] 0 beset ) p]ils t w\ld  h       
appall$ "o :o _h n ! c\rage & ! con/ancy
 ( a  palad92 8 toils1 privations1 &    
suff]+s 7 )\t  numb]4 ,! insults1       
contumely1 scorn1 & malice to :i* he 0  
daily1 h\rly expos$1 n f a few only1 b f
 all ( 8  c\ntrym5 9 ! new _w1 7 en\gh  
to cru% ! /\te/  he>t4 ,he 01           
preem95tly1 ! mo/ hat$1 ! mo/ despis$1  
! mo/ univ]sally unpopul> be+ t cross$ !
 broad  ,atlantic f ,spa94 ,sometimes !y
 d5i$ him %elt]2 sometimes  !y refus$   
him food2 sometimes !y ?reat5$ 8 safety1
 9  prem$itat$ assaults = 8             
assass9ation2 !y fl$ f 8  pres5ce at !  
alt> z !y w\ld flee f a pe/il5ce2 &  !y 
compell$ him (t5 to become a fugitive 9 
ord] to  pres]ve 8 life4    ,n only 9   

,am]ica1 b 9 ,europe also1 0 he subject$
 to  abuse & ridicule2 b 9 ,europe ^! 7 
n univ]sal4  ,public op9ion 0 !re       
divid$4 ,^? :o _h return$ f !  ,we/]n   
,indies1 cov]$ ) r5[n & roll+ 9 ri*es1  
:o  7 celebrat$ 9 /ory1 n only aft] !   
mann] (  knights-errant 9 romance1 b 9 !
 v words1 phrases1 &  language (        
romance--^? :o w5t =? f home1 poor1     
ne$y1  plebeian1 & came back ) untold   
weal?1 to int]m>ry )  ! families ( !    
highe/ gr&ees1 to int]mix _! blood  ) ! 
pure/ hidalgo1 p\r$1 =? _! conc5trat$   
wra?  ^u 8 devot$ head4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1
 c\rti]s  all-p[]ful1 prime m9i/]s1 &   
sov]eigns receiv$ him )  op5 arms1      
grant$ him prolong$ audi5ce1 &          
commis]at$ 8  tr\bles1 sympa?iz+ deeply 
9 8 noble und]tak+4 ,9  secret1 h[ev]1  
!y _h (t5 to regret _! inability to     
r5d] him ! aid requir$ = its success4 ,)
 ! cl]gy1 &  especially among ! highe/  
prelates1 ! confessors ( royalty1  !    
pr(essors ( ! univ]sities1 ! bi%ops1 !  
ar*bi%ops1  ! primates1 & c>d9als1 8    

return 0 greet$ ) ! same  satisfaction4 
,f ! l[ly cloi/] to ! imp]ial palace !  
same good wi%es = him prevail$4    ,9 ! 
respectable classes ( society at l>ge1 a
 s+ul>  reception await$ him4 ,al?\gh !y
 v5]ate him z "o among  ! be/ ( mank9d1 
!y manife/$ _! reg>d 9 ! mo/  opposite  
deportm5t4 ,:5 he asc5d$ ! pulpit to    
disc\rse  be=e ! pi\s ^u ! unhe>d-(     
outrages1 ! fi5di%  wick$ness1 ! appall+
 cruelties inflict$ by ,*ri/ians1 &     
moreov]1 ,*ri/ians :o 7 _! c\ntrym51 ^u 
simple1  confid+1 weak1 in(f5sive ?\s&s 
& t5s ( ?\s&s (  ,indians 9 ! new _w1 ! 
horror & abhorr5ce (  congregations knew
 no b\nds4  #hcj  ,_! fe>s ( ,div9e     
v5geance fall+ ^u !mselves rose 9  !    
same proportion1 until !y /ood agha/ le/
 a national  calamity %\ld come ^u !m1 l
 unto t :i* swept away  ( old ! cities (
 ! pla94 ,on ! o!r h&1 t portion  ( !   
public :i* is light-m9d$1 full ( levity1
 & = ev]  9 se>* ( novelty1 enc\nt]$ him
 else:]e1 on ! plaza1 9  ! college c\rt1
 on ! prado1 :]e he walk$ "u ! trees1   

or at a posada :]e he d9$2 & !y paus$ to
 li/5 to 8  talk1 = he talk$ mu* & too  
(t5 on ! same !me--!  rapacity &        
brutality ( ! cavali]s to ! helpless1 ! 
innoc5t1 ! ignorant1 def5celess         
aborig9es--! adopt$  *ildr5 ( ! holy    
fa!r at ,rome1 ! accept$ w>ds confid$   
to ! t5d] keep+ ( ! good ,que5 ,isabella
 ( bless$  memory1 to *ri/ianize & to   
civilize4 ,:ile ! monk p\r$  =? an      
eloqu5t /atem5t ( _! wrongs1 ! :51 !    
:]e1  & on :at occasion1 he nam$ no     
names1 9 *>ity to ! bad  m52 b 8 he>]s  
made ! prop] application1 well kn[+  !  
p]sons f common report2 ^? millionaires 
j return$1  ^: mu%room bloom ( dunghill 
beauty1 out%one ! roseate  lu/re ( !    
anci5t ,guzmans & ,colonas4    ,!       
successful adv5tur]s to ! ,indies ( !   
,we/ _h already  receiv$ ! popul> &     
insult+ nickname ( ! ,ca*op9s (  ,l>$o2 
!y 7 ( ! same bre$ ) ! ,indian nabobs ( 
,engl& 9 aft]days1 & ( ! %oddy 9 our    
own4 ,:ile1  !re=e1 ! s+le-m9d$ monk1 9 
! f]vor ( 8  eloqu5ce1 9 ! ov]fl[+ zeal 

= 8 cause1 n>rat$ :at  ^! p _h done to !
 natives1 8 audi5ce 7 le>n+  h[ ^! m5 _h
 made _! money2 & ! m facts &           
indignation exhibit$ by ! speak]1 ! m   
highly 7 !y  amus$1 ! m he>tily did !y  
%ake ) sil5t laught]4  ,! monk saw !    
sc5es 9 ! mo/ s]i\s light2 !y saw !m  9 
! mo/ ludicr\s aspect2 = !y 7 quietly 9 
_! m9d  contra/+ ! _w-wide ext5t betwe5 
,ca*op9 pret5sions  & ,ca*op9 m]it4 ,&  
^!1 ?\ght !y1 ^! baseborn &  bruti%     
fell[s1 :o are receiv+ pat5ts ( nobility
 by !  score1 :o aspire to qu>t] _!     
cre/s ^u ! ari/ocratic  escut*eon       
possess$ by gr&ees ( ! fir/ class1      
emblazon$  ) h]aldic be>s1 eagles1      
lions1 elephants1 & leop>ds1  borne1    
c5turies be=e1 ^u bann]s ( t *ivalry :o 
f\ght  = ,*ri/5dom at ! cave (          
,covodonga1 & = ! preem95ce  ( ,spani%  
honor1 c\rage1 & c\rtesy ov] ,france at 
! r\gh  vale ( ,roncesvalles--^! are !  
fell[s :o wi% to bl5d  ^? pr\d          
emblematic animals ) _! new coats (     
arms1 !  tobacco leaf1 ! tomata1 ! roa/+

 e> ( ,indian corn1 !  sweet potato1    
p]haps1 ! appropriate devices = !       
conqu]ors  clubb$ ) a title tak5 f a    
mis]able fi%-t[n1 9 !  meane/1          
pov]ty-/rick51 p$dl]-produc+ prov9ce 9 !
  realm4 ,footnote #gg        ,footnote 
#gg3 ,! ,ca*op9 figur$ 9 ! com$ies1     
f>ces1      romances1 & lively pa/orals 
( t age4        ,9 ! beautiful pa/oral (
 ! ,diana1 by ,jorg      ,montemayor1 9 
a sc5e betwe5 ,fabio1 ! page1 &         
,felism5a1 :o is disguis$ z a boy1      
,fabio says3        ,i promise y on !   
fai? ( a hidalgo1 7:i* ,i am1 = my      
fa!r is a ,ca*op9 ( ,l>$o17 t my ma/]   
has bett]      t]ms4--,see ,book #b1 p4 
#hg2 ! edition (      #aedb4        ,don
 ,quixote met ! travell]s on ! road1 & (
 c\rse      describ$ ! beauty ( 8       
,dulc9ea1 & :5 ask$ :o %e      0--      
,h] l9eage1 race1 ance/ry1 answ]$ !     
,don1 is n (      ! old ,roman ,curtius1
 nor ! mod]n ,colonas1 nor !            
,moncadas ( ,catalonia1 ! ,gu]ras (     
,aragon1 nor ,gusmans (      ,ca/ile1 b 

( ,tobosa de la ,man*a4        ,& m9e1  
said ! travell]1 is ( ! ,ca*op9s (      
,l>$o4    #hca    ,! great object :i*   
,las ,casas desir$ to atta9 01 9 its    
magnitude1 comm5surate ) ! mighty       
convulsions produc$ 9  ! m9ds ( 8 own   
nationality4 ,x 0 n to protect or def5d 
a p>i%1 or a diocese1 or a /ate f       
oppression1 b to save  f de/ruction a   
cont95t1 a hemisph]e ( ! habitable      
globe2 x 0 to snat* & to %ield millions 
( ! natives 9  ! ,indies ( ! ,we/ f     
slav]y to ! :ite race2 =1  enslav$1 !   
feeble ,indian 0 sure to s9k "u ! burd5s
  impos$1 mo/ ( !m p]i%+ )9 two mon?s1 &
 none (  !m surviv+ two ye>s4 ,if !y w5t
 d[n to ! grave 9 _!  ignorance &       
infidelity1 _! s\ls might be )\t ! pale 
( salvation 9 _! unreg5]ate /ate2 if !y 
7 civiliz$1  believ$ 9 ,*ri/1 & 7       
baptiz$1 :at glory w\ld r$\nd  to ,god1 
:at treasure laid up 9 heav5 = ^? aid+ 9
 _!  conv]sion1 :at myriads (           
communicants add$ to ! *ur*6  ,natural  
commis]ation = _! h>d lot 9 ?is _w1     

spiritual  consid]ations = _! fate 9 !  
next1 along ) rew>d held  out to ^? :o  
alleviat$ _! di/ress n[ & prep>$ !m  =  
et]nal happ9ess h]eaft]1 7 ! exalt$     
motives t  prompt$ ,las ,casas to       
und]take ! h]culean task4    ,) su*     
sublime int5tions1 8 ardor 0 /r5g!n$ to 
und]go e toil & privation ! body c      
suff]1 to endure  e agony1 e indignity !
 _s c receive4 ,! measures  he adopt$ = 
success1 ! means he employ$ to su/a9 !m1
  ! in/rum5ts he made use (1 con/itute !
 mat]ials = 8  life4 ,^! 7 num]\s1 v>i$1
 dissimil>1 & seem+ly  discordant4 ,"o 0
 ! simple be+1 almo/ 9 a /ate ( nature  
9 ! rude/ hut1 liv+ ^u roots1 %elt]$ by 
a frail canopy  ( leaves1 clo!d ) a     
rabbit-sk9 or a y>d ( cotton1 or  )\t   
any cov]+ at all1 & possess$ ( an       
intellect j  dawn+ into consci\sness (  
its faculties1 s t ! common1  almo/     
univ]sal op9ion 0 t he did n z yet      
belong to !  human species1 b 0 born to 
live1 to be work$1 & to die  l bea/s ( !
 field4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,las ,casas invok$

  ! assi/ance ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ( ! age1
 ! ref9$  & intellectual 9 ! mo/ p[]ful 
/ate 9 ,europe4 ,he  impress$ 8 ?\ghts  
^u ! augu/ ,ces>1 seat$ ^u 8  imp]ial   
?rone1 :o claim$ legitimate succession 9
 ! div9e  l9e f ! cele/ial deity4    ,= 
fifty ye>s 0 8 "t devot$ to ?is cause1 )
 v>i$  hope ( success & disa/]2 b be=e  
he lay d[n to die1 mu*  _h be5 a*iev$1 &
 ) ! enc\ragem5t t m c\ld be  accompli%$
 9 ! future4 ,! life ( ,las ,casas is   
yet to be  writt54 ,^? :o h essay$ x s  
f> h only furni%$ a  few facts1 mix$ )  
_m errors4 ,!y h n attempt$ to  comb9e !
 mat]ials into g5]al pr9ciples1 & to    
analyze !  inc5tives ( ^? :o 7 8        
enemies1 or :o 7 8  fri5ds1 & ?us r$uce 
! conduct ( all into a g5]al  consi/5cy4
 ,sympa?iz+ ) him 9 8 ex]tions1 !y      
conclude t ^? :o oppos$ him 7 all bad   
m51 & ^?  :o enc\rag$ him 7 all good m54
 ,b t is n ! temp]  9 :i* biography &   
hi/ory ought to be writt54 ,facts or    
ev5ts are only "o "p ( ! "w2 ! causes   
:i* prec$$  or influ5c$ !m %\ld be      

inve/igat$4 ,no?+ %\ld be left  to      
ignorant conjecture1 to idle inf]5ce or 
gratuit\s  suspicion4  #hcb  ,all !     
surr\nd+s mu/ be expla9$4 ,9 writ+ 8    
biography  "s insight into ! le>n+ ( t  
p]iod & into ! /ate  ( sci5ce at ! "t   
%\ld be ga9$1 especially 9 !  dep>tm5ts 
( hi/ory1 ( moral philosophy1 ( ! civil 
law1 (  ! canon law1 & int]national     
jurisprud5ce4 ,n ev5 !  light]          
lit]ature1 includ+ ! popul> poetry1 !   
drama1 &  romances1 c ) safety escape   
obs]vation4 ,above all1 be+ at  ! era ( 
! revival ( le>n+1 along ) ! fir/       
improvem5ts 9 ! art ( pr9t+1 ! *anges   
made 9 mod]n  languages are to be not$4 
,9 ^! trans=mations1 !  significance (  
_m words & phrases 0 (t5 d\btful4       
,sometimes !y _h to be tak5 accord+ to  
_! old mean+2  sometimes aga9 9 ! new4  
,:5 a/rology 0 bani%$1 its  !ory 0      
disc>d$2 b at lea/ two ?irds ( its t]ms 
7  reta9$3 :5 al*emy suff]$ ! same fate1
 its vocabul>y1 z  well z its crucibles1
 retorts1 & alembics1 7 transf]r$ to  ! 

*emical laboratory3 :5 ! practice (     
m$ic9e 0  rel9qui%$1 physicians took    
possession ( its expressions =  comm5ts1
 & wrote out _! prescriptions 9 _m ( its
  hi]oglyphics4 ,^! mutations 7         
progress+ :5 ,columbus 0  sail+ due we/ 
9 se>* ( a r\te to ! ea/4 ,:e!r words  7
 to be int]pret$ accord+ to sci5ce1 or  
accord+ to  suppositions :i* _h prevail$
 be=e sci5ce1 0 (t5 a  difficult "q to  
solve4    ,illu/rations w\ld indicate h[
 f> rese>* mu/ g to  und]/& ! times &   
transitions tak+ place4 ,x is ne$less   
to add1 t no?+ ( ! k9d has be5 not$2    
nor1 f  appe>ances1 w x ev] be ?\ght (4 
,8 writ+s h be5  glanc$ at to elucidate 
"s po9t controv]t$1 & !n ha/ily  ?r[n   
aside4 ,:at 0 le>n$1 moreov]1 0 9 a     
confus$ mass  ( facts & dates1 :i* 7    
difficult to compreh5d1 & m  difficult  
to r$uce to a consi/5t =m4 ,! consequ5ce
 has  be5 t1 in/ead ( a k ( ! le>n+ &   
sci5ce at  ! p]iod :5 he liv$1 to enl>ge
 ! circle ( _! lit]>y  reputations1 !y h
 emb>rass$ "s hi/orical subjects1 &     

well w x be = !m if !y h n endang]$ _!  
laurels4 ,x w\ld seem t _m :o h treat$ (
 ,las ,casas1  or ev5 t\*$ ^u 8 "*1 h   
fall5 into "s  mi/ake1 error1 or curi\s 
blund]4 ,nor is _! numb] conf9$  to     
writ]s ( an inf]ior ord]2 x embraces "s 
names r5[n$  9 ,europe & ,am]ica = ju/ly
 m]it$ hi/orical excell5ce4  ,!y le>n$ a
 few facts2 !y guess$ ! re/2 & _!       
guess+1 l all loose conjectures 9 g5]al1
 leads to false  conclusions1 ) !       
consequ5t dang] !refrom4    ,las ,casas 
comm5c$ 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies 9 #aebg4  
:5 he 0 9 8 fifty-?ird ye>2 he conclud$ 
x 9 #aeei1  :5 he 0 9 8 eighty-fif?4 ,he
 _h 9 8 possession "s  valuable docum5ts
 obta9$ f ,columbus2 b beyond ^! he     
reli$ = ! mo/ "p on 8 own k ( ev5ts1    
along  ) accr$it$ rumors & reports 9    
circulation4 ,9 8 w he  directs t !     
,hi/oria %all n be made public =  =ty   
ye>s aft] 8 decease4 ,b reasons exi/ = !
 belief  t x 0 read by ,philip !        
,second1 9 ! ,escorial2 & x is  c]ta9   
,antonio de ,h]r]a avail$ himself ( its 

in=mation  be=e ! ye> #afjj1 :5 he      
complet$ 8 ,description ( !  ,indies ( !
 ,we/4 ,! ,hi/oria by ,las ,casas /ill  
rema9s 9 manuscript 9 ! ,royal ,academy 
( ,madrid4  #hcc  ,h]r]a1 be+ ! *ief    
royal *ronicl] ( ! ,indies1 &  *ronicl] 
= ,ca/ile1 0 ord]$ by ! supreme c\ncil (
 !  ,indies to prep>e 8 ,description4 ,x
 is pres5t$ 9 !  =m ( annals1 :]e ev5ts 
are record$ 9 ! ye> 9 :i*  !y transpir$4
 ,consequ5tly ! breaks are incessant 9 !
  regul> sequ5ce1 to con=m to           
*ronological arrangem5t4 ,b  hi/orical  
effect 0 n design$2 hi/orical accuracy 9
 !  /atem5t ( facts be+ all t 0 dem&$4  
,to ?is end1 ,h]r]a consult$ e book1 9  
pr9t or 9  manuscript1 kn[n to him1 & _h
 access to e (ficial  docum5t 9 !       
ar*ives ( ,simancas & ,seville1 to      
insure  accuracy & v]ify e ass]tion4 ,he
 does n (t5 expla9  ! policy or         
int5tions ( ! gov]nm5t2 because         
/atecraft1  9 ^? days1 enjo9$ ! sil5ce (
 ,italian diplomacy &  practis$ !       
secrecy ( ! ,v5etian ,c\ncil ( ,t54 ,!  

royal  purpose 9 :at 0 done or ord]$1 0 
above ! sph]e ( !  annali/2 !           
introduction ( p]sonal or private       
biography 0  bel[ x4 ,he took = 8 model 
& guide1 ?r\gh ! intricate  maze (      
voyages1 discov]ies1 & adv5tures1 !     
,hi/oria  ( ,las ,casas4 ,he adopt$ t "p
 only1 h[ev]1 :i* 8 duty  requir$2 he   
reject$ t :i* 0 unc]ta91 untrue1 or     
purely  ( p]sonal int]e/4 ,9 reject+1 he
 did n discr$it ,las  ,casas1 believ+   
him to be ( und\bt$ v]acity1 & 9 g5]al  
v accurate4 ,b ,las ,casas _h           
unavoidably fall5 into errors1  f defect
 ( memory1 ) advanc+ ye>s1 & f          
mis9=mation1 or f facts misund]/ood by !
 mann] 9  :i* !y rea*$ him4 ,t ,h]r]a   
%\ld improve ^u him or  def] to 8       
accuracy z a hi/orian is n s+ul>1 &     
expresses a high appreciation ( 8       
excell5ce4 ,nor c x be  surpris+1 :5    
call$ ^u to pron\nce1 9 8  ,description1
 betwe5 ! /atem5ts ( ,las ,casas & 8    
enemies1 ,ovi$o & ,gom>a1 he %\ld decide
 t ,las ,casas _h  good cause = mu*     

feel+ aga9/ !m4 ,:5 ! volum9\s  "w (    
,h]r]a 0 pr9t$1 x 0 f\nd to be a ma/]ly 
production2 nor has its au?ority be5    
s]i\sly que/ion$  s9ce4 ,at ! pres5t day
 x /&s z imput+ p]fect v]ity4  ,x ranks 
) ! ,annual ,regi/] & ,national         
,almanac2 x is ( ! same class (         
publications1 b f>  m ext5sive 9 its    
design4    ,! imp]fections ( ,las ,casas
 9 8 ,hi/oria & ^?  portions n quot$ by 
,h]r]a are ! p>ts :i* fir/ claim        
att5tion4 ,9 und]/&+ 8 peculi> position 
t[>d ^?  ) :om he 0 ?r[n 9 contact1 8   
inf]5ces ( ! motives  by :i* !y 7       
actuat$ _c be implicitly reli$ on4 ,he  
did n compreh5d fully _! situation2 he  
c\ld n acc\nt  = _! conduct1 because    
explanations 7 n made :i* at a  fla%    
w\ld h reveal$ ! difficulties4 ,9 !     
abs5ce (  ^? he c\ld n refra9 f ascrib+ 
bad motives to "s  (ficials1 su* z      
,fonseca1 ,bi%op ( ,burgos4 ,o!rs he    
honor$1  because !y 7 dis9t]e/$1 pure1  
virtu\s p]sonages1 )  _! s5sibilities   
excit$ at ! wrongs done to ! aborig9es1 

& :o sympa?iz$ ) him 9 8 praisewor?y    
ent]prise4  ,su*1 9 8 op9ion1 7         
,cesn]os1 ,c>d9al ,xim5es1 &  ,adrian1  
,c>d9al de ,tortosa4 ,^! prelates 7 9   
turn prime  m9i/]s1 b _! mode ( receiv+ 
,las ,casas 0 diff]5t4  ,xim5es 0 cold &
 au/]e 9 g5]al1 ) 8 ?\ghts  absorb$ 9   
affairs ( /ate4  #hcd  ,to ,las ,casas 8
 deportm5t 0 n res]v$2 he 0 g5ial 9  8  
reception1 & c\ld read 8 traits at a    
glance2 8  feel+s1 too1 7 all on ! same 
side1 & x happ5$ !  int]e/s ( ! cr[n 7 9
 accordance ) 8 feel+s4 ,!  c>d9al1     
!re=e1 receiv$ him ) unusual cordiality1
 &  ) mu* consid]ation2 he li/5$ to !   
facts communicat$1  to ?9k !m ov]1 & to 
act ^u !m4 ,he 0 ?ankful &  consid]ate  
to ,las ,casas = ! valuable in=mation   
imp>t$1  & sometimes reliev$ 8 pov]ty f 
8 private purse4 ,:5  ! c>d9al _h le>n$ 
all t ,las ,casas c\ld tell ab\t !      
condition ( ! ,indies1 he 0 graci\sly & 
quietly b[$ out4  ,= ,xim5es _h n ! "t  
nor incl9ation to he> m1 :i*  0 sure to 
foll[1 if he c\ld1 ) any dec5cy1 avoid !

  infliction4    ,c>d9al ,adrian1       
subsequ5tly ,pope ,adrian1 0 ( a mild1  
quiet1  disposition4 ,he gave to ,las   
,casas long] int]views1 because he  _h m
 to le>n1 hav+ rec5tly come to ,spa9 = !
 fir/  "t1 f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,adrian   
!re=e 0 m graci\s  /ill2 b :5 ,las      
,casas1 9 8 n]v\s excitability1         
disc\rs$ ^u ! nev]-end+ !me ( ! inju/ice
 ( ,indian  slav]y1 its s9fulness1 its  
impolicy1 its dang] to ! s\ls (  p]sons 
9 high places :o tol]at$ x1 & began on !
  ,scriptures1 ! fa!rs1 ! decretals1 !  
bulls1 & ! canon  law1 & ! civil law1 & 
! moral law1 ) int]m9able  citations &  
it]ations1 ! pati5ce ( ev5 ! meeke/ (   
c>d9als w\ld sometimes give way4 ,= bo? 
,adrian & ,cesn]os  und]/ood ^! matt]s  
bett] ?an he did2 & :ile ass5t+  to !   
tru? ( :at 0 utt]$1 !y 7 n incl9$ to he>
  x s (t5 & at su* l5g? repeat$4        
,xim5es1 :5 n wi%+ to see him1 "t be+   
too preci\s1  turn$ him ov] to "s dean  
or bi%op2 b ,adrian1 :5 desir\s  ( m    
explanations1 s5t "s fri5d among !      

,flemi% c\nties  to se>* = ,las ,casas1 
to conv]se ) him1 9 ord] to  acquire a  
?or\gh k ( ! ,indies1 & ( 8 op9ions  &  
plans4 ,"o day he met ,seor ,de ,bure by
 appo9tm5t1 :o felt  an int]e/ 9 !      
,indies4 ,las ,casas 0 delight$ to f9d !
  ,flemi% g5tleman felt = ! poor        
,indians1 & =?) 8  hopes rose t !       
gov]nm5t w\ld d some?+4 ,de ,bure1 9  8 
eyes1 0 ! v be/ ( human be+s4 ,de ,bure 
w\ld li/5  to all t c\ld be said1 & soon
 took him to 8 uncle1 ,de  ,laxao1 :o 0 
! "y sov]eign's *amb]la91 )             
inexpressible influ5ce4 ,de ,bure 0 a   
buff] = ,adrian1 no?+  m1 to keep (f    
,las ,casas f t c>d9al :5 he did n  want
 to see him1 b wi%$ to be kept duly     
advis$ on ,indian  topics4    ,fonseca 0
 ( a diff]5t m\ld2 he 0 a man ( bus9ess1
 rude1  abrupt1 ) little delicacy 9 8   
mann]s to suppliants4 ,he _h  a bett]   
acqua9tance ) ! ,indies2 knew all ab\t !
  condition ( ! natives2 & if he _h any 
sympa?y = ,las  ,casas1 he did n p]mit x
 to be se51 nor = "o mom5t w\ld  he     

c\nt5ance 8 proposals or li/5 to 8      
plans4 ,he deem$  !m z vision>y z he _h 
once view$ ! s*eme ( ,columbus to       
discov] a new cont95t4 ,he n[ 0 equally 
sure ,las ,casas c\ld  n civilize t     
cont95t :5 x 0 discov]$4 ,consequ5tly   
,las ,casas lov$ ,xim5es & ,adrian1 &   
he>tily despis$ !  ,bi%op ( ,burgos4    
#hce  ,e s*ool-boy :o ev] read (        
,columbus or ,cortez has le>n$  :at a v 
bad man 0 ,fonseca1 & all mod]n au?ors  
"k :at  0 9 _! s*ool-books2 b !y "k no?+
 m4 ,e life  ( ,columbus1 ( ,cortez1 (  
,las ,casas is writt5 9 ! same ve94  ,! 
,bi%op ( ,burgos is abus$ 9 all ( !m4   
,he treat$ !  discov]] ( ,am]ica        
%amefully2 he insult$ ! ,protector (  ! 
,indians2 he p]secut$ ! conqu]or (      
,mexico4 ,^!  illu/ri\s m5 d5\nc$ him1 &
 _! biograph]s are 9 sworn  biographical
 fealty b\nd to d5\nce him also4 ,_!    
h]oes are  nev] wrong2 = :at h]o 9      
biography or romance c ev] be  wrong8 ,9
 ! v nature ( su* compositions x is an  
utt]  impossibility4 ,fonseca 0 nev] 9 !

 "r2 = :at oppon5t  ( _! idols c\ld h   
any reason or ju/ice on 8 side8    ,n[1 
! be/ ( reasons may be f\nd = 8 policy  
to ,columbus  & ,las ,casas4 ,!y bo?    
want$ funds f ! treasury :5 he  0 m9i/]1
 & :5 no funds c\ld be sp>$2 = ! nation 
0 insolv5t--a secret well kn[n to him1 b
 :i* x 0  all-important %\ld n be kn[n  
to ! public4 ,he w\ld n  give a ducat = 
any explor+ voyage or prospective       
discov]y1  or = any exp5ses aft] a      
discov]y 0 made4 ,:5 ,isabella  begg$ & 
implor$ ! cold m9i/] to yield to h]     
importunities = ,columbus1 he positively
 refus$2 nor c\ld any  entreaties induce
 him to rel5t4 ,! que51 9 consequ5ce1 _h
  to pawn h] jewels to equip ! armada   
fitt+ out at ,palos4  ,fonseca 0 n      
disgrac$ = 8 ob/9acy2 & al?\gh no?+  ( a
 c\rti]1 he 0 too useful to be remov$4  
,las ,casas 0  s]v$ 9 ! same way :5     
,*>les 0 anxi\s to aid him )  funds4    
,fonseca 0 aga9 z surly1 & :5 at la/ !  
sov]eign  det]m9$ 9 c\ncil t1 come :at  
might1 ,las ,casas %\ld  h aid1 ,fonseca

 wa%$ 8 h&s ( ! bus9ess1 & soon  aft]   
met him ) a smile4 ,?is unexpect$       
amiability ,las ,casas  describes z     
ev9c+ "s nobl5ess ( nature4 ,h[ _m      
m]itori\s subjects1 ) hone/ claims on ! 
treasury1 7  disappo9t$ ( a pittance    
!reby1 is n consid]$4 ,knights  :o _h   
sp5t _! e/ates 9 prosecut+ ! w>s aga9/ !
  ,moors1 :o _h gr[n old & poor 9 !     
royal s]vice1 :o _h  f\ght = ,*ri/5dom  
at ,alhama1 conqu]$ at ,malaga1 &       
contribut$ to ! siege & capture (       
,cordova1 may h turn$  away he>t-sick1 9
 want ( a m>av$i1 & only dim9i%$ !      
importunate1 unsuccessful cr[d besieg+ !
 doors ( m9i/]s1  to swell ! numb] (    
daily begg>s at ! hat* ( "s  conv5t4 ,9 
! novel ( ,gil ,bias a picture is       
pres5t$  ( ! neglect %[n to m]itori\s   
subjects1 ^: necessities  are no less   
imp]ative ?an _! de$s 7 comm5dable4     
,capta9  ,*9*illa is a sample ( ?\s&s4  
,he _h lo/ an eye at  ,naples1 an arm 9 
,lomb>dy1 & a leg 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries2 b  
8 sov]eign _h n a ducat to sp>e4 ,9 su* 

condition ( !  f9ances1 a m9i/] requir$ 
a he>t ( /one to turn away f  />v+      
appeals = a b>e pittance or ! smalle/   
p5sion4  ,fonseca c\ld n be j2 h[ mu*   
less c\ld he be g5]\s8 ,a  man :o w\ld  
endure ?is = ! cr[n des]v$ mu* ( !      
royal favor4 ,= ?is 0 ,fonseca          
invaluable2 8 n]ve to save  e real to ! 
/ate 0 a quality mu* want$4    ,b ,h]n&o
 ,cortez nev] bes\ght ! royal b\nty2 :y1
 !n1  %\ld ,fonseca p]secute him8 ,x is 
said he exhibit$ uni=m  malignity aga9/ 
all great m52 he p]secut$ ,cortez4 ,to  
?is  la/ in/ance a reason c be int]pos$4
  #hcf  ,= "s cause ,fonseca took "p 9 !
 private qu>rel betwe5  him &           
,velasquez1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,cuba4 ,:at 0 !
 m9i/]'s  motive is m]ely conjecture2 b 
if true1 x is n wor?y (  consid]ation4  
,velasquez & ,cortez 7 bo? villa9s2 & a 
controv]sy betwe5 !m arose ab\t !       
division ( ! ,mexican  spoils4 ,!       
gov]nor furni%$ ! funds = t exp$ition1 &
  fitt$ out ! %ips on jo9t acc\nt4 ,he  
compla9$ t ,cortez  made no return ( !  

pr(its1 ,fonseca took ! side (          
,velasquez  & aid$ him 9 8 suit4 ,x 0   
difficult to det]m9e :o _h  ! law 9 8   
favor2 b ! man :o w\ld *eat 8 patron &  
p>tn]1 z ,cortez c]ta9ly did1 :o w\ld   
torture to dea? an  innoc5t prison] & t 
prison] a de?ron$ mon>*1 z  ,cortez 9   
cold blood put ,guatomotz to ! torture1 
is n only a  contemptible knave1 b a    
hide\s mon/] 9 human =m4    ,velasquez 0
 ano!r ( ! same bre$2 & if 8 infamy 0   
less1 ! opportunity = ! display ( 8     
prop5sities 0  want+2 8 field 0 n s     
magnific5t2 b he cultivat$ to  ! utmo/  
ext5t ! small] space :i* ,cuba pres5t$4 
,bad  fai? t[>d ea* o!r 0 ! common      
practice among colonial  *iefs4         
,velasquez ow$ 8 appo9tm5t to ! judges (
 !  ,audi5cia ( ,hispaniola1 :o fitt$   
him out to d bus9ess =  bo? 9 ! same way
 t he 9 turn _h commission$ &  suppli$  
,cortez1 & z ,cortez aga9 nom9at$ c]ta9 
confid5tial fri5ds to gov]n ,mexico :5  
he und]took 8  un=tunate exp$ition to   
,honduras4 ,( c\rse ^! fri5ds  *eat$    

,cortez1 z he _h *eat$ ,gov]nor         
,velasquez1 & z !  gov]nor _h *eat$ !   
judges ( ! ,audi5cia1 & z !  judges 7   
p]petually defraud+ _! sov]eign4 ,n "o  
sp>k  ( honor or hone/y 0 exhibit$ by   
any ( !m4 ,!y 7  rapaci\s1 reckless1    
re/ra9$ by no law or tea*+ or s5se (    
morality2 :ile ! temptation be=e _! eyes
 0 too spl5did  & ov]p[]+ to resi/4 ,!  
brea* ( a solemn promise 0  *eap z a    
dic]'s oa?2 x 0 n ev5 a v5al (f5ce2 !   
torture ( ! ,indians 0 n a crime2 !     
burn+ alive at a  sl[ fire ( ! royal    
,aztec 0 at be/ only an indiscretion4   
,?\s&s1 includ+ girls & boys1 _h be5    
subject$ to !  same treatm5t1 & = ! same
 purpose1 to wr+ ! la/ ounce  ( gold-du/
 f ! unhappy creatures4    ,! proce$+s (
 ,gov]nor ,velasquez1 9 ,cuba1 7 n      
unlike  ! conduct ( ,cortez 9 ,mexico4  
,! gov]nor enslav$1 he  tortur$1 he     
de/roy$2 & s did e cavali] :o came 9    
contact ) ! natives4 ,! only g5tlem5 9 !
 ,antilles 7  ! buccane]s1 ! ,briti%1   
,dut*1 & ,fr5* pirates4 ,!y1 to  be     

sure1 9 se>* ( booty1 cut ! ?roats ( !  
,spani>ds  :om !y captur$2 b !y 7 ( too 
mu* pr9ciple to  conceal ! plund] f _!  
companions or to divide unfairly4  ,b ! 
,ca/ilians did n /op ) cutt+ ?roats (   
innoc5t  ,indians2 !y despoil$ ea* o!r4 
,!y _h n ! prov]bial  honor f\nd among  
?ieves4 ,9 su* a delightful society1    
moral  rectitude 0 n "o ( ! c>d9al      
virtues2 & if ,fonseca  incl9$ to       
,velasquez :ile popul> op9ion is )      
,cortez1 !  discrepancy may be ascrib$  
to ! fact t popul> op9ion w  9 su* cases
 decide 9 favor ( him ^: bas5ess is !   
great]1 ! m magnific5t & successful4    
#hcg  ,las ,casas dete/$ ,cortez1 &     
pref]r$ ! gov]nor2 b he  compla9s ( !   
unju/ policy ( ,f]d9& to ,columbus4 ,x  
is  probable ,las ,casas is mi/ak5 aga92
 he knew no?+ ( cab9et  secrets4 ,! "* (
 ! great navigator des]v$ly /&s  high1 n
 only = ! spl5dor ( 8 discov]ies1 b = ! 
purity ( 8 life4 ,8 fame _c be assail$ )
 any tru? or  propriety2 :ile on ! o!r  
h&1 hi/ory does n accord mu*  cr$it to  

,f]d9& = 8 public or private wor?4 ,yet 
x is  impossible1 9 consid]+ all !      
circum/ances1 to avoid !  conclusion t !
 k+ 0 "r1 & _h at lea/ equity to  su/a9 
him1 or r to ju/ify 8 c\nsellors1 = x 0 
a  matt] ( /ate4 ,x is true1 ! cr[n (   
,ca/ile _h ent]$  into a =mal contract )
 ,columbus to conf] ^u him a high  comm&
 ov] all ! c\ntries he %\ld discov]4 ,! 
k+ n[  refus$ to make good ?is          
/ipulation2 he broke ! contract1 &      
propos$ comp5sation by e/ates conf]r$ 9 
,ca/ile4 ,columbus  held ! cr[n to !    
bond & refus$ all compromise4 ,he _h set
  8 he>t on becom+ ! man ( greate/ weal?
 9 ! _w &  to be/[ x all to ,*ri/5dom 9 
a cruza = ! recov]y (  ! holy places f !
 infidel4 ,a m sublime purpose c\ld  n  
be conceiv$2 = at ! "t1 ,con/ant9ople 0 
captur$1  ! isl&s = ! mo/ "p 9 ! ,levant
 ov]run1 ,italy 9  dang]1 a foo?old ga9$
 9 ,sicily & ,s>d9ia1 ,france ha/ily    
s5d+ troops to ! fronti]s ( ,au/ria1    
,hung>y invad$1 !  ,knights ,templ>s (  
,/4 ,john f> 9 advance at ,rhodes "u    

fire1  & pray]s daily (f]$ up by ! p 9  
_! *ur*es at  ,am/]dam1 implor+ !       
,almighty to av]t ! ,s>ac5 f _!  gates2 
! cr[n+ victory = ! ,*ri/ians 0 n ga9$ =
  a half-c5tury lat] at ! ,gulf (       
,lepanto4    ,?is brilliant s*eme (     
,columbus to roll back ! tide ( w>1     
engross$ 8 leisure h\rs4 ,= its         
accompli%m5t1 he hop$ to  obta9 ri*es f 
! new _w2 & :5 made gov]nor (           
,hispaniola1 0 av>ici\s to amass a      
/up5d\s =tune4 ,among  o!r measures he  
s5t ?ree hundr$ natives to ,seville1 to 
be  sold z slaves4 ,que5 ,isabella1 he>+
 ( x1 ord]$ t !y  be s5t back1 decl>+ no
 "o _h a "r to enslave h]  vassals4     
,al?\gh inc5s$1 %e did n reprim&        
,columbus4 ,he  _h en\gh ( difficulties 
to cont5d ) 9 8 adm9i/ration1  )\t !    
fur!r burd5 ( h] displeasure2 = x 0 soon
  f\nd out he ev9c$ an incapacity to    
gov]n m5 9 civil  society4 ,successful  
he might be 9 rul+ sailors on !         
=eca/le2 b t _h n taught him h[ to gov]n
 m5 on  %ore4 ,he exact$ implicit       

ob$i5ce2 he pursu$ 8 own plans  )\t     
consultation2 he compell$ cavali]s to   
assi/ 9 manual  labor4 ,worse ?an all1  
he 0 a =eign]1 & x end$ 9 a  revolt )   
op5 w>4 ,a royal commission] 0 s5t out  
to  in/itute an inve/igation1 :i*       
t]m9at$ 9 ,columbus be+  s5t to ,seville
 9 *a9s4 ,isabella1 at ?is indignity    
(f]$ to  h] favorite admiral1 ord]$ !   
irons to be remov$1 b w\ld  n cons5t1   
)al1 to re9/ate him 9 au?ority4 ,aft] h]
  dea?1 he r5ew$ 8 application1 )\t a   
bett] result2 !  k+ refus$ to comply ) !
 words ( ! royal contract4 ,!  promise  
_h be5 made1 b x 0 made = ! /ate--= !   
public b5efit--& ! op9ion ( lawy]s 01 t 
x c\ld be  brok5 if x 7 = ! common good 
n to c>ry out its  provisions4 ,a prop] 
equival5t c\ld be aw>d$ = ! damage  done
 to ! admiral4  #hch  ,?is 0 ! !ory (   
rights !n2 x is /ill ! !ory &  practice 
( all gov]nm5ts at ! pres5t "t4 ,b      
,columbus  refus$ e (f] 9 ! nature ( a  
recomp5se1 :i* w\ld  h left him ri*1 &  
plac$ him on a level ) ! highe/  gr&ees 

9 ! realm4 ,he nurs$ 8 wrongs 9 sil5ce1 
langui%$ 9 comp>ative pov]ty1 & di$ ( a 
brok5 he>t4    ,las ,casas nev] =got ?is
 treatm5t ( ! great admiral1 8  w>m     
p]sonal fri5d2 he di/ru/$ pr9ces ev]    
aft]4 ,he fell  into ! error common to  
mo/ m5 solicit+ c\rt favor1 t  :atev] 0 
done to promote 8 wi%es 0 done f p]sonal
  consid]ations to him1 ?r\gh 8         
individual ex]tions &  influ5ce1 & n out
 ( any reg>d = ! welf>e ( !  ,indians4  
,on ! contr>y1 ! welf>e ( ! ,indians 0  
all t  recomm5d$ him to ! att5tion ( !  
c>d9als1 or to royal  notice1 & inve/$  
him ) importance4 ,! policy ( ! cr[n  0 
to save ! aborig9es f de/ruction4 ,x    
might be a  selfi% policy1 b x surely 01
 at ! same "t1 enlight5$  & correct 9 e 
po9t ( view4 ,b e colonial (ficial1  e  
special ag5t1 e ,spani>d 0 ?w>t+ !      
gov]nm5tal plan1 to promote _! own      
int]e/s & _!  private emolum5t4 ,!      
proce$s ( ! plantations1 ( ! m9es1  ( ! 
pe>l fi%]ies1 7 9 great dem& at fabul\s 
values1  :ile ! labor ( ! ,indians      

enslav$ 0 *eap & abundant2  !re=e1 !y 7 
made slaves 9 ! v face ( ! royal        
prohibition4    ,x is true ^! slaves    
sick5$ & di$ )9 a %ort p]iod1  b pl5ty m
 7 =?com+ at a l[ rate2 & ?us !         
desolation w5t on4 ,! cr[n _h resolv$ to
 *eck ! atrocity2  b h[ c\ld x be       
accompli%$8 ,! cl]gy 7 n implicat$  9 ! 
guilt1 b !y 7 incapable ( assi/+ at     
fir/1 or  advis+4 ,! mo/ ( !m1 moreov]1 
believ$ at "o "t t  ! natives 7 n human4
 ,! ,dom9icans1 :o arriv$ out ab\t      
#aeaj1 ?\ght o!rwise2 & !y1 9 turn1 "u !
 guidance (  ,las ,casas1 infus$ _!     
op9ion into ! o!r bre?r54 ,8  discussion
 be=e ! "y emp]or ) ,quev$o1 ,bi%op (   
,d>i51 0 to settle _! /atus2 = ,quev$o  
cont5d$ !y  7 n intellectual be+s4 ,_m  
d\bts prevail$ also among  ! cl]gy1 & x 
0 ! univ]sal belief ( ! laity1  accord+ 
to ,remisal1 until1 9 #aecg1 ,paul      
,,iii4 issu$ 8 fam\s  bull decl>+ !y 7  
human & free1 capable ( in/ruction  &   
salvation4 ,! cr[n _h great difficulties
 9 ! matt]1  & ! m9i/]s 7 mu* p]plex$ 9 

le>n+ :at to d2 b  ! imp]ial tr\bles 7 n
 disclos$ to ,las ,casas1 = !  tr\bles 7
 diplomatic secrets :i* to none c\ld be 
divulg$4  ,_! confid5ce 9 8 v]acity1    
s9c]ity1 &  dis9t]e/$ness1 0 unb\nd$2 he
 0 ! only "o !y c\ld  tru/ = a correct  
acc\nt4 ,he 0 successively creat$       
,protector ( ! ,indians1 *apla9 to !    
emp]or1 & ,bi%op (  ,*iapa4 ,:ile !     
sov]eigns appreciat$ him1 e/eem$ him1   
he>d  e ^w he _h to say be>+ ^u !       
subject1 he mix$ x up  s (t5 ) s _m     
extrane\s rem>ks1 obs]vations1 &        
quotations1 t !y mu/ n[ & !n h consid]$ 
him an  intol]able bore4 ,) ?is         
compreh5sion ( ! pr9ciples  ma9ta9$ by !
 ,ca/ilian cab9et1 a clue is discov]$ to
  guide ?r\gh ! mazes & intricacies (   
,indian politics4  ,em]g5cies sometimes 
compell$ deviations or exceptions = !   
mom5t2 b :5 ! necessity pass$ away1 !   
policy 0  imm$iately re/or$4    #hci    
,x is n[ "t to turn to ! new "w ( ,mr4  
,ar?ur ,helps4 ,to  ^? :o h read a page 
ab\t ,las ,casas1 ?is book c excite     

only feel+s ( disappo9tm5t & regret4 ,! 
public expect$  "s improvem5t at lea/ on
 prec$+ biographies1 :i* 0  c]ta9ly a v 
mod]ate expectation2 b x has n be5      
gratifi$4 ,! volume is writt5 ) ! design
 to expatiate on  ! great virtues ( !   
bi%op1 to eulogize 8 actions1 to  excuse
 8 errors1 to def5d 8 fame4 ,b ! memory 
( ,las  ,casas ne$s no aid ( ?is k9d 9  
panegyric or palliation4 ,8  de$s h     
pass$ into hi/ory1 & by its calm1       
enlight5$1  dis9t]e/$ v]dict he mu/ /&  
or fall4 ,s f> he has n  be5 favor$ ) a 
dispassionate he>+1 nor by any means )  
an enlight5$ public4 ,a prejudice has   
prevail$ aga9/ him1  f "o cause among 8 
c\ntrym51 f ano!r s\rce abroad2  & ,mr4 
,helps1 )\t int5d+ to d him h>m1 w\ld   
/r5g!n  ! prevail+ impression abroad by 
8 publication1 if x 7  g5]ally read1 b  
:i* is d\btful4 ,on ! second page1 9    
/at+ ! "* ( ,las ,casas1 he writes3     
,! utmo/ t fri5ds or enemies1 ,i imag9e1
 c\ld ) !    slighte/ tru? allege aga9/ 
him 0 an ov]-f]v5t    temp]am5t4 ,if we 

_h to arrange ! faculties ( great m51   
we %\ld g5]ally1 accord+ to our         
easy-work+ fancies1    comb9e two       
*>act]s to make our m5 (4 ,& 9 ?is case 
we    %\ld n be sorry1 if x might h be5 
s1 to h _h a    little ( ! w>y nature ( 
su* a man z ,k+ ,f]d9& !    ,second     
int]mix$ ) ! nobl] elem5ts ( ,las       
,casas4    ,consid]+1 h[ev]1 :at great  
?+s ,las ,casas /rove aft]    & h[ mu*  
he accompli%$1 x is ungraci\s to dwell m
    ?an is ne$ful ^u any defect or      
sup]fluity ( 8    "*4 ,if x c be prov$  
he 0 on any occasion too    impetu\s 9  
^w or de$1 x 0 9 a cause t might h      
driv5 any man *>g$ ) x beyond all b\nds 
( prud5ce 9    ! expression ( 8         
indignation4    ,x w be p]ceiv$1 on     
p]usal t1 :]ev] ! bi%op has  be5 *>g$ ) 
any fault1 imp]fection1 failure1 or     
inconsi/5cy1 ?is au?or readily admits x1
 & !n proce$s  to (f] ext5uat+          
circum/ances1 or to petition = m]cy =  8
 h]o1 on ! plea t he _h good int5tions  
or _h done  important s]vices4 ,:51     

aga91 ! au?or has "s bright spot  to    
dwell ^u 9 8 c>e]1 x is pres5t$ 9 a     
que/ionable  %ape1 :i* deprives x ( all 
lu/re1 leav+ ! suspicion on  ! m9d (    
read]s t ! bi%op is a mu* ov]rat$ man4  
,mr4  ,helps furni%es no new facts1 he  
expla9s none t are old1 he  /ates v few 
correctly4 ,ab\t dates ! au?or is mo/   
commonly 9 error :5 giv52 b = ! mo/ "p  
he does n  deign to notice !m1 :i* 9 ?is
 case is a bless+2 = he  seems z        
indiff]5t to _! importance z if he 7    
writ+ a  novel or a love-lett]4 ,9 !    
composition1 he has _h rec\rse  to two  
works only--! ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies1 by   
,las ,casas  himself1 & ! ,hi/ory (     
,guatemala & ,*iapa1 by  ,remesal4    ,!
 ,hi/oria1 by ! bi%op1 is n ! mo/       
important (  8 _m productions1 nor are !
 selections f ,remesal made  ) mu*      
discrim9ation4 ,! ,conv]sion ( !        
,indians 9  ,v]apaz1 or ! ,l& ( ,w>1 is 
int]e/+2 b ,mr4 ,helps 9  8 acc\nt does 
n leave mu* ( its glory to ,las ,casas1 
:ile  ,las ,casas 0 = ev] boa/+1 ) tru?1

 ( t a*ievem5t  z 8 fir/ success1 &     
claim+ x ju/ly z peculi>ly 8  own4 ,9 ! 
same ,hi/ory ( ,guatemala x is n>rat$ h[
  ,las ,casas refus$ to visit ! vic]oy 9
 ,mexico1 because he _h  ord]$ ! h& ( a 
prie/ to be cut (f at ,antequ]a4 ,mr4   
,helps translates x1 ! prie/'s head at  
,antequ]a2 probably he  does n "k t     
,antequ]a is ! anci5t ,spani% "n = !    
mod]n city ( ,oaxaca4    #hdj    ,) ?is 
sl5d] /ock ( mat]ial ! book 0 writt52 & 
9  consequ5ce1 :5ev] a d\bt arose ab\t a
 fact1 or a fur!r  reason 0 requir$ = "s
 elucidation1 x w be se51 on  e page1 t 
writ+ hi/ory 0 made easy by guess+1 or  
moral obs]vations1 ( :i* "s specim5s are
 select$3      ,i d n "k :at transaction
 he alludes to4    ,i h>dly see him )\t 
prophetic vision4    ,x moves our pity  
to ?9k4    ,probably be+ some:at tir$4  
,p]haps n wi%+ to al>m4    ,i ?9k ) ,las
 ,casas4    ,!re is no d\bt4    ,i h    
sc>cely a d\bt4    ,if ! writ] ( ?is    
n>rative may be p]mitt$    to fancy     
himself4    ,i conceive = a s+le day4   

,i fancy him sitt+4    ,x may be d\bt$1 
h[ev]4    ,z x appe>s to me4    ,i      
suspect ! wise/ among/ u w\ld4    ,i _c 
b attribute4    ,we may v well imag9e4  
,a "y man1 z ,i conjecture4    ,probably
 on t acc\nt4    ,to me x seems4        
,always ,i imag9e4    ,we mu/ n suppose4
    ,& s ,i ?9k4    ,& s w e read] ?9k4 
,mr4 ,ar?ur ,helps has essay$ to  write 
hi/ory be=e4 ,! ,spani% ,conque/ 9      
,am]ica  /&s to 8 lit]>y cr$it4 ,b he   
has a way peculi> to  himself 9 !       
ge/ation & p>turition ( 8 hi/orical     
(fspr+4 ,he expla9s1 9 ! preface to !   
?ird volume ( 8  ,spani% ,conque/1 8    
ob/etrical mode ( do+ ?is  ?+4 ,x is ?us
 acc\nt$ =3      ,9 issu+ ?is ?ird      
volume1 ,i take ?is opportunity (       
mak+ a /atem5t1 :i* p]haps x w\ld h be5 
well to    h made be=e4      ,! read] w 
obs]ve t !re is sc>cely any allusion 9  
?is "w to ! k9dr$ works ( mod]n writ]s  
on ! same    subject4 ,?is is n f any   
want ( respect = ! able    hi/orians :o 
h writt5 ^u ! discov]y or ! conque/    (

 ,am]ica4 ,i felt1 h[ev]1 f ! fir/1 t my
 object 9    inve/igat+ ?is portion (   
hi/ory 0 diff]5t f    !irs1 & ,i wi%$ to
 keep my m9d cle> f ! influ5ce    :i* ^!
 em95t p]sons might h ex]cis$ ^u x4 444 
,moreov]1 :ile admitt+ fully !          
advantages to be d]iv$    f ! /udy ( ^! 
mod]n writ]s1 ,i ?\ght x 0 bett]    ^u !
 :ole to h a "w compos$ f indep5d5t     
s\rces1 :i* w\ld convey ! impression t !
 orig9al    docum5ts _h made ^u !       
au?or's m9d4    ,) ?is explanation1 no?+
 m rema9s to obs]ve4 ,if he has  f\nd$ a
 s*ool 9 ?is me?od1 or if 8 orig9al plan
 ^u  :i* to write hi/ory w die out )    
him1 is yet to be se54  ,! ,spani%      
,conque/1 by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,helps1 is 9   
?ick1  solid1 heavy =m1 & 9 volumes no  
less ?an f\r4 ,insatiate  ,ar?ur6 w\ld n
 "o suffice8 ,8 moral reflections & 8   
axioms h "o m]it1 if ! numb] ( ages 9   
:i* !y h  be5 9 common use c make !m    
v5]able4 ,f ! ,pyramids  c5turies may   
look d[n ^u "s ( !m4    ,9 ! ,life (    
,las ,casas1 ! au?or 9 ! preface  in=ms 

! _w t--      ,!re are few m5 to :om1 up
 to ! pres5t "t1 ! words    :i*         
,%akespe>e makes ,m>k ,antony say (     
,caes>1 w\ld m    apply ?an to ,las     
,casas3        ',! evil t m5 d lives    
aft] !m1      ,! good is (t int]r$ ) _! 
bones4'      ,at "o inauspici\s mom5t ( 
8 life he advis$ a c\rse    :i* has ev] 
s9ce be5 ! "o blot ^u 8 well-e>n$       
fame1 & too (t5 has ?is advice be5 !    
only ?+1 :i*1    :5 ! "n ( ,las ,casas  
has be5 m5tion$1 has occurr$ to    m5's 
m9ds respect+ him4 ,he c]ta9ly did      
advise t    negroes %\ld be br\ght to ! 
,new ,_w4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 ,i    h amply  
%[n 9 ! ,spani% ,conque/1 he 0 n !      
fir/ to give ?is advice4    ,?is is !   
way ,mr4 ,helps ent]s ! li/s to be 8    
*ampion4 ,we  d n "k :]e ! evils ( ,las 
,casas live on--:5 !  ossification ( !  
good ) 8 bones sup]v5$4  #hda  ,in/ead (
 quot+ ,%akespe>e1 a few l9es writt5 by 
! great  ,briti% /atesman1 ,george      
,cann+1 = ! ,anti-,jacob91 9 8  ode to !
 ,new ,morality4 w\ld be m applicable to

 ,mr4 ,helps  himself3      ,give me ?' 
av[$1 erect1 ! manly foe1    ,bold ,i c 
meet1 p]*ance av]t 8 bl[2    ,b ( all   
plagues1 good heav5s6 ?y wra? c s5d1    
,save1 save1 oh6 save me f ! c&id fri5d4
    ,! memory ( ,las ,casas has suff]$  
greatly f _m ( ^?  un?9k+1 unse>*+      
plagues1 :o are ev] ready to confess    
:at x is due to c&or to /ate1 etc4 ,a   
doz5 at lea/ might  be c\nt$ ( names    
high 9 ! roll ( lit]ature3 ,llor5te1    
,wa%+ton ,irv+1 ,mr4 ,prescott1 are     
among ! numb]4 ,! "t  has come to       
explode ?is bubble ab\t 8 want ( fix$   
pr9ciples4 ,all are pleas$ to admit he 0
 a good man1 lead+ a  virtu\s life1 ) a 
noble purpose 9 view2 b t he 0          
inconsi/5t 9 recomm5d+ negro slav]y1    
:ile advocat+ !  emancipation ( !       
,indians4 ,n[1 if "o be 9 8 "r m9d1  &  
yet inconsi/5t 9 op9ions or conduct1 he 
_c be  virtu\s 9 pr9ciple or practice4  
,! expressions are  incongru\s4 ,h[ c he
 be acc\nt$ virtu\s1 if at times he is  
vici\s8 ,h[ c he be receiv$ z good1 :5  

he has advis$ :at  is bad8 ,rectitude is
 want+4 ,9 public life an inconsi/5t man
  is dang]\s2 because he de/roys ord] & 
promotes disord]2 he  creates di/ru/ 9 !
 abs5ce ( integrity 9 purpose4 ,9       
private life no dep5d5ce c be repos$ 9  
him2 he is n  respect$1 & if ! infirmity
 be great1 8 fri5ds s5d him to  an      
asylum = ! insane4    ,nav>ete ?us /ates
 ! *>ge aga9/ ,las ,casas3      ,x is   
?is exp$i5t ( ,las ,casas :i* has drawn 
d[n sev]e    c5sure ^u 8 memory4 ,he has
 be5 *>g$ ) gross    inconsi/5cy1 & ev5 
) hav+ orig9at$ ! inhuman    traffic 9 !
 new _w4 ,?is la/ is a griev\s *>ge2 b  
hi/orical facts & dates remove ! orig9al
 s9 f 8    door1 & prove t ! practice   
exi/$ 9 ! colonies1 &    0 au?oriz$ by  
royal decree long be=e he took "p 9 !   
"q4 ,footnote #gh        ,footnote #gh3 
,nav>ete1 ,viages & ,descubriam5tos4    
,tom4 iii4 p4 #dah4    ,?is *>ge 0 fir/ 
made aga9/ ! bi%op by ,dr4 ,rob]tson1  9
 8 ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 9 #aggg4 ,! doctor
 !re9 contra/s  him ) ,c>d9al ,xim5es1  

,prime ,m9i/] ( ,spa91 obs]v+3          
,c>d9al ,xim5es1 :5 solicit$ to enc\rage
 ?is comm]ce1    p]emptorily reject$ !  
proposition1 because he p]ceiv$ !       
iniquity ( r$uc+ "o race ( m5 to slav]y1
 :ile he 0    consult+ ab\t ! means (   
re/or+ lib]ty to ano!r4    7,h]r]a ,dec4
 ii4 lib4 ii4 cap4 #h47 ,b    ,las      
,casas1 f ! inconsi/5cy natural to m5 :o
 hurry )    headlong impetuosity t[>d a 
favorite po9t1 0 incapable (    mak+ !  
di/9ction4 7,h]r]a ,dec4 lib4 ii4       
cap4 #bj47    ,if ,xim5es _h be5 liv+ :5
 ?is exalt$ morality 0  accord$ to him1 
8 a/oni%m5t w\ld h be5 great2 he  claim$
 no morality ( t k9d4    ,9 turn+ to    
,h]r]a1 at ! eigh? *apt]1 ref]r$ to by  
,dr4  ,rob]tson1 x w be f\nd ! doctor   
has drawn ^u 8  imag9ation = ! p>agraph 
on ,xim5es4 ,! c>d9al 0 n  ?9k+ ab\t    
morality1 b ab\t money4 ,h]r]a /ates x  
?us3      ,at ! same "t x 0 ord]$ t     
negro slaves %\ld n    pass to !        
,indies2 :i* ord] 0 und]/ood at once2 =1
 z    !y w5t out1 9 ! sc>city (         

,indians1 & z x 0 kn[n    t "o negro did
 ! "w ( f\r1 :]eby a great dem& _h      
aris5 = !m1 x appe>$ to ! ,c>d9al       
,xim5es1 t he    might place "s tax on  
_! exportation1 f :5ce w\ld    result a 
b5efit to ! treasury4    #hdb    ,b     
,h]r]a1 9 ! tw5tie? *apt]1 does1 ) tru?1
 connect  ,las ,casas ) ! recomm5d+ (   
negro slaves4 ,e l9e (  ?is passage mu/ 
be c>efully not$1 9 ord] to und]/& :at  
foll[s4 ,x is 9 ^! words3      ,!       
lic5tiate ,b>toleme de ,las ,casas 444  
turn$ to ano!r    exp$i5t1 advocat+ t ! 
,ca/ilians1 liv+ 9 !    ,indies1 might  
import negroes2 = ) !m on ! plantations 
& 9 ! m9es1 ! ,indians w\ld be mu*      
alleviat$2 &    t x be advis$ to c>ry   
out a l>ge numb] ( workm51 )    c]ta9   
privileges accord$ to !m4 ,adrian1      
,c>d9al (    ,tortosa1 he>d ^!          
sugge/ions ) mu* pleasure4 444 ,& 9     
ord] to "k bett] ! numb] ( slaves       
requir$ = ! f\r    isl&s1 ,hispaniola1  
,cuba1 ,pu]to ,rico1 & ,jamaica1 an     
op9ion    0 ask$ f ! ,royal ,h\se (     

,trade at ,seville1 & !y    respond+ f\r
 ?\s&1 p]sons 7 n want+1 :o1 to    ga9  
favor1 in=m$ ! ,gov]nor de la ,bresa1 a 
,flemi%    g5tleman ( ! c\ncil ( ! k+1 &
 8 major-domo4 ,de    ,bresa begg$ !    
monopoly ( x2 ! k+ grant$ x1 & ,de      
,bresa sold x to ! ,g5oese = #be1jjj    
ducats1 on condition    t ! k+ w\ld n   
be/[ ano!r monopoly = eight    ye>s4 ,! 
grant 0 v injuri\s to ! settl]s ( ^!    
isl&s1 & = ! ,indians1 = ^: alleviation 
x _h be5    ord]$4 ,because :5 ! traffic
 0 free1 z has be5 /at$1    e ,ca/ilian 
c>ri$ out slaves4 ,b z ! ,g5oese sold ! 
privilege = ea* "o = a l>ge sum1 few    
pur*as$1 & ?us    ?is b5efit ceas$4     
,se>*es 7 made 9 ,h]r]a to prove t !    
traffic did n  comm5ce ) ,las ,casas'   
advice4 ,?is fact 0 easily  e/abli%$2 b 
x did n meet ! issue4 ,! "q 01 did  ,las
 ,casas1 9 #aeag1 recomm5d ! importation
 ( negroes8 & !  fact 0 made out4       
,sev]al po9ts 7 r5d]$ cle>1 & made  s f 
! bi%op's own ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies2 t he 
recomm5d$ ! measure ha/ily2 t x 0 an    

un=tunate  recomm5dation2 t 8 remorse 0 
great = x2 t he hop$  ,god w\ld =give   
him1 = he _h done x 9 ignorance4 ,^? :o 
nev] exam9$ fur!r1 inf] t ! crim9ality (
 !  slave-trade 0 deem$ z s9ful at t "t 
9 ! fir/ half  ( ! sixte5? z x is n[ 9 !
 la/ half ( ! n9ete5?  c5tury4 ,h5ce !  
mi/akes among mod]n hi/orians4    ,:5 ! 
inve/igation w\ld appe> to be conclud$1 
& ,las  ,casas condemn$ out ( 8 own     
writ+s1 ! difficulty 9 !  case 9 reality
 only comm5ces4 ,! rubbi% surr\nd+ x is 
remov$2 no?+ m4 ,:at did ,las ,casas    
admit8 ,surely n !  *>ge t he 0         
inconsi/5t2 = two c5turies elaps$ be=e  
! *>ge 0 made2 b he accuses himself =   
hav+ giv5 !  advice ha/ily2 t x ev5tuat$
 un=tunately1 7b n to  him27 t he gave x
 ignorantly2 t he hop$ to be =giv54  ,to
 pres5t ! case 9 its opposite aspect3 if
 ! advice _h  prov$ b5eficial in/ead (  
injuri\s to ! ,indians1 he w\ld  n h    
suff]$ remorse4 ,he _h giv5 ! advice )\t
  reflect+1 )\t exam9ation1 consequ5tly 
9 ignorance2 =  if he _h reflect$ = "o  

mom5t1 he w\ld h =ese5 :at  consequ5ces 
w\ld foll[1 & :i* prov$ disa/r\s to !   
natives4    ,b1 :ile pres5t$ 9 ?is      
light1 x is some:at weak5$ by  !        
accompany+ words ( ,las ,casas4 ,mr4    
,ticknor1 9 8  excell5t ,hi/ory (       
,spani% ,lit]ature1 expla9s !  remorse f
 ano!r view4 ,he concludes t ! bi%op1 9 
giv+ ! advice1 0 ignorant ( ! fact t !  
,african  negroes 7 captur$ 9 unju/ w>2 
& :5 he le>ns !y 7  made slaves1 z !    
,indians 7 enslav$1 8 s\l 0 fill$  )    
horror = ! s9 he _h committ$ 9 recomm5d+
 !  importation4 ,"s ( ! words ( ,las   
,casas w be> out ?is  hypo!sis--on !    
fir/ impression x w\ld appe> conclusive2
  b1 un=tunately1 o!r expressions mu/ be
 expla9$1 s z to  give effect to e l9e4 
#hdc  ,besides ?is1 :y %\ld ! bi%op feel
 remorse = :at 0  done ignorantly1 :5   
engag$ 9 ! holy "w to promote !         
salvation ( s\ls8 ,las ,casas 0 too well
 v]s$ 9 casui/ry to  deem himself       
crim9al "u ^! circum/ances4 ,moreov]1 ! 
bi%op1 :5 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 sacr$ duties 9

 8 diocese  ( ,*iapa1 wrote out a       
rescript = 8 cl]gy1 dat$ 9  ,novemb]1   
#aedf1 :]e9 he *>ges !m n to confess    
,*ri/ians  hold+ ,indian slaves1 b does 
n include negro slaves4 ,?is1  to be    
sure1 might h be5 an ov]sight1 7 x n = a
 few  l9es writt5 fur!r d[n1 :]e he     
cautions 8 cl]gy to gu>d  well ! holy   
sacram5t ( m>riage z well among !       
negroes z  ! ,indians4 ,! docum5t w be  
f\nd 9 full 9 ,remesal4 ,f  ?is x appe>s
 ,las ,casas1 ?irty ye>s lat]1 _h n     
discov]$  t negroes 7 on ! same foot+ ) 
! ,indians1 be+  !n sev5ty-two ye>s old4
    ,9 8 ,hi/oria1 "o hundr$ & fir/     
*apt]1 he writes  ( himself3      ,?is  
advice--t lic5se be giv5 to br+ negro   
slaves to    ^! c\ntries--! ,cl]igo     
,casas fir/ gave1 n    und]/&+ !        
inju/ice ) :i* ! ,portuguese take !m    
& enslave !m1 :i*1 f :at happ5$ f x1 he 
w\ld    n h giv5 = all he _h 9 ! _w2 =  
he always held    x unju/ & tyrannical  
mak+ !m slaves2 = ! same "r    z 9 !m z 
9 ! ,indians4    ,! translation ( ,mr4  

,helps is n foll[$2 because he does n   
translate "s ( ! words at all2 &1 9 "o  
in/ance1 gives  to a v]b a wrong        
expression1 inconsi/5t ) ! s5t5ce &  ) a
 subsequ5t p>agraph4 ,! l9e1 ,aft] he _h
 appreh5d$  ! nature ( ! ?+1 is no m to 
be f\nd 9 ! passage  ?an 9 ! ,psalms4 ,9
 ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eigh? *apt]  ( !   
,hi/oria1 ,las ,casas aga9 ref]s to !   
subject1  & /ates :y1 on ! repres5tation
 ( ! plant]s t !y  w\ld free _! ,indians
 if p]mission 7 giv5 to !m to  import   
negroes1 he cons5t$ to recomm5d !       
measure to !  cr[n4 ,he next alludes to 
! bad consequ5ces fl[+ f !  monopoly1 & 
concludes ?us3      ,( ?is advice1 :i* !
 cl]igo gave1 n a little did he         
aft]w>d rep5t1 judg+ himself guilty f 8 
ha/e1    7inadv]t5ti27 & because he saw1
 z x turn$ out to    be1 z unju/1 !     
capture ( ! negroes z ( ! ,indians4     
,!re 0 no o!r rem$y ?an :at he          
advis$--to br+    negroes 9 ord] to free
 ! ,indians1 al?\gh he might suppose    
!y 7 j captures1 al?\gh he 0 n c]ta9 t 8

    ignorance & good int5tion w\ld      
excuse him 9 ! div9e    wisdom4    ,x   
appe>s f ! passage 9 ,h]r]a1 quot$      
above1 t !  advice 0 bad2 = a monoply ( 
! traffic 9 negroes 0  grant$ to ,de    
,bresa1 :o sold 8 speculation to !      
,g5oese1 &  !y rais$ ! price s high t ! 
plant]s c\ld n  pur*ase ,africans nor   
import ,*ri/ian-born negroes f ,spa9 z  
=m]ly4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ! trade 9 ,indian 
slaves1 :o 7  *eap]1 increas$1 to !     
*agr9 ( ,las ,casas = 8  inconsid]ate   
sugge/ion4 ,8 he$less conduct1 9 8 own  
eyes1  at la/ appe>$ s9ful4 ,9 "s "p ( x
 he _h displeas$  ,god2 = ! ,deity      
p]mitt$ ! ,indian s]vitude to g on1     
:i*1 9 ! m9d ( ,las ,casas1 he w\ld n h 
p]mitt$ _h  n he incurr$1 9 "s way1 !   
div9e displeasure4 ,0 x 8  precipitancy 
( action 9 ! measure8 0 x advis+ !      
importation ( ,africans1 "s ( :om might 
h be5 captur$ 9  an unju/ w>1 :i* inc5s$
 ! ,deity8 ,las ,casas c\ld n  det]m9e1 
& h5ce 8 confusion ( m9d & =getfulness (
  ! incid5ts 9 writ+ ! ,hi/oria4 ,:atev]

 view1  h[ev]1 may be tak5 ( x1 or :i*  
pref]r$1 x is c]ta9  t1 "u no aspect1 c 
! *>ge ( inconsi/5cy made by  ,dr4      
,rob]tson1 & /at$ by ,nav>ete1 be       
su/a9$4    #hdd    ,wa%+ton ,irv+'s note
 on ,las ,casas1 9 ! app5dix to 8       
,columbus1 ev9ces mu* comm5dable rese>*1
 & a  collection ( all ! facts he c\ld  
f9d4 ,b un=tunately1 he  _h n /udi$ !   
c>e] ( ! bi%op2 he did n pursue 8       
exam9ation deep en\gh2 he also ov]look$ 
"s evid5ce be=e  8 eyes 9 ,h]r]a4 ,:5   
,mr4 ,irv+ _h f9i%$ 8 se>* &  not$ !    
evid5ce1 he /at$ confus$ly :at he _h    
collect$1  )\t discrim9at+ betwe5       
inf]5ces & facts2 sometimes  treat+     
facts z inf]5ces or excuses 9 !         
biographies (  ,xim5es2 sometimes treat+
 ! inf]5ces 9 ,rob]tson &  ,qu9tana z   
facts4 ,he ent]$ ^u ! exam9ation        
impress$ )  ! conviction t ,las ,casas  
_h be5 inconsi/5t2 t !  moral consci5ce 
( t age 0 aga9/ slav]y z mu* z x is  n[4
 ,he comes to no conclusion1 & leaves ! 
*>ge aga9/ !  bi%op 9 ! same condition  

he approa*$ x4    ,mr4 ,prescott1 9 8   
excell5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,conque/ (         
,mexico1 9 a note on ,las ,casas1 copies
 only f ,qu9tana1  & !reby copies also1 
_m ( ! mi/akes ( t celebrat$  ,spani%   
au?or4 ,! s+ul> spectacle1 !re=e1 among 
!  curiosities ( lit]ature is pres5t$ 9 
,mr4 ,prescott's  ,conque/1 a "w ( /]l+ 
value1 = its accuracy  re/+ always ^u   
respectable au?orities1 :]e9 a note is  
se5 ab\nd+ 9 errors4 ,mr4 ,prescott is  
also a believ] 9 !  inconsi/5cy ( !     
bi%op1 & t ! moral s5se at t  "t 0 aga9/
 slav]y4    ,mr4 ,ticknor1 too1 9 8     
,hi/ory ( ,spani% ,lit]ature1 a  hi/ory 
r5[n$ & prop]ly admir$ ev]y:]e1 ) all 8 
respect = ! bi%op1 is n )\t 8 little    
lit]>y  imp]fections4 ,x is evid5t he is
 n famili> ) ! ev5ts1  & _! surr\nd+s 9 
! life ( ,las ,casas4 ,he places !      
fam\s controv]sy ( ! bi%op ) ,sepulv$a 9
 #aeai4 ,b 9  t ye> 0 ! well-kn[n debate
 ( ,las ,casas ) ,quev$o1  ! ,bi%op (   
,d>i51 9 ! pres5ce ( ! y\?ful sov]eign4 
,sepulv$a 0 !n a "y man ( tw5ty-six     

ye>s4 ,b ,mr4  ,ticknor w&]s 9 good     
company1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t (  ,engl&1 !  
celebrat$ ,sir ,james ,mack9to%1 :o1 9 8
  ,progress ( ,e?ical ,philosophy1 /ates
 ,sepulv$a met ,las  ,casas 9 argum5t 9 
#aedb4 ,t1 h[ev]1 0 ! ye> ( !  fam\s    
assembly convok$ by imp]ial ord]1 at    
,b>celona &  ,mol9o del ,rey1 to take   
into consid]ation ! bi%op's ,brief      
,acc\nt ( ! ,de/ruction ( ! ,indies4    
,bo? ( ^! able  hi/orians are wrong ab\t
 ! date ( ! ,sepulv$a discussion3  ev5  
,mr4 ,helps kn[s bett]2 x 0 9 #aeej4    
,mr4 ,ticknor fur!r  reports t ! ,brief 
,acc\nt 0 writt5 = ! emp]or  & d$icat$  
to ! pr9ce1 aft]w>d ,philip ! ,second4  
,x  w\ld h be5 m prop] to write t !     
,brief  ,acc\nt 0 writt5 = ! emp]or1 &  
t5 ye>s aft]  pr9t$ & d$icat$ to !      
pr9ce1 !n 9 ,engl&1 ! ,pr9ce  ,consort )
 ,que5 ,m>y4    ,! /ate ( public op9ion1
 9 reg>d to slav]y at t p]iod1  requires
 a few words 9 explanation 9 ord] to    
leave no  unc]ta9ty 9 ! law1 or /a9 on !
 cr[n1 on ! *ur*1 or  civilization4 ,x  

diff]$ mu* f ! pres5t1 because !        
condition ( society 0 9 _m respects n   
analog\s4 ,slav]y  0 n !n consid]$      
immoral2 b 0 actually1 9 its  practice1 
indicative ( progress1 9 ameliorat+ !   
calamities  ( w> & ! fate ( captives by 
l& & sea4  #hde  ,e w> und]tak5 by a    
civiliz$ nation1 & decl>$ 9 !  usual    
=ms1 ) ! solemn religi\s c]emonies1 0   
held to be  a j w>4 ,x 0 an appeal to ! 
,god ( armies1 z an umpire  or judge2 x 
0 ! ordeal by battle4 ,:5 a victory 0   
won1 x  0 held by ! victors a div9e     
decision 9 _! favor2 !  vanqui%$ 7 deem$
 crim9als be=e high heav52 & z a        
puni%m5t !y 7 put to dea?4 ,:5 !        
prison]s 7 too  num]\s = a g5]al        
massacre1 !y 7 l$ captive to  colonize  
"s vacant t]ritory1 & to "w = _! ma/]s4 
,^! victims did n feel grateful to _!   
enemies = _!  clem5cy2 b p\r$ =? _!     
?anks to ,provid5ce = 8  m]cy4 ,_!      
(fspr+ cont9u$ 9 slav]y2 = ! s9s ( !    
fa!r 7 visit$ on ! *ildr5 to ! ?ird &   
f\r?  g5]ations1 = ev]4 ,ev5 9 ! c\rse (

 "t1 :5 !y  int]mix$ 9 blood1 language1 
& religion ) ! desc5dants  ( _!         
conqu]ors1 !y 7 (t5 held to s]vitude4   
,?is 0  ! !ory & ! practice "u x2 b     
subject to _m  exceptions4 ,ex*ange (   
prison]s 0 sometimes effect$2 "s  7     
ransom$2 "s 7 releas$4 ,at ! date ( !   
discov]y  ( ,am]ica1 ,spa9 _h be5 at w> 
) ! ,s>ac5 = sev5  c5turies2 x 0 n only 
a j w>1 b a holy crusade4 ,:5  captures 
7 made on ei!r side1 slaught] ensu$ )\t 
compunction2 b n inv>iably4 ,bo? armies 
& navies 7  act+ on religi\s conviction2
 b bo? 7 bett] civiliz$1  ! infidel be+ 
deem$ ! m ref9$ ( ! two4 ,x is true1  ! 
old & "y1 ! infirm & diseas$1 :o 7 poor1
 7  sla9 or pit*$ ov]bo>d2 :ile ! ri* & 
! /rong 7  held = slaves or = ransom4   
,:5 a p>5t le>n$ t 8  *ild or relation 0
 sp>$1 only enslav$1 he felt ! joy )    
:i* an ,am]ican "m on ! bord] he>s !    
news t h]  little girl has n be5 scalp$ 
by ! ,caman*es :5 captur$4    ,9        
,europe1 !re=e1 slav]y 0 deem$ a        
mitigation ( !  horrors ( w>3 an evil   

inflict$ by ! h& ( ,provid5ce1 b  a     
less] evil4 ,no "o spoke or wrote aga9/ 
! in/itution2  :oev] _h d>$ w\ld h be5  
consid]$ n mu* bett] ?an  a brute4      
,p]haps a few ,moslem fanatics desir$ m 
,*ri/ian  blood-lett+2 p]haps a few     
,*ri/ian fanatics wi%$ a little  m ( !  
fluid f ! art]ies ( ,moors4 ,yet 9 no   
p]iod (  ! _w's hi/ory 0 x held j to    
reta9 slaves n  captur$ 9 a j w>4 ,9    
,j]usalem1 !y 7 return$ to !  neighbor+ 
nations :5 acquir$ 9 private piratical  
=ays4  ,?is 0 ! ,hebrew law4 ,! law (   
,moses =bade man-/eal+1  m5tion$ 9      
,isaiah1 & repeat$ by ,sa9t ,paul 9     
,timo?y2 b  man-/eal+ meant no m ?an any
 o!r /eal+ ( movable  prop]ty4    ,9    
,a!ns1 ! same morality 0 recogniz$4     
,ari/otle laid x  d[n 9 8 ,politics t   
b>b>ians c\ld n be held 9  s]vitude     
unless tak5 9 a j w>4 ,rome borr[$ h]   
int]national code f ,greece1 z %e borr[$
 ev]y?+ else  intellectual4 ,on !       
revival ( le>n+ 9 ! we/1 ! ,roman  civil
 law 0 introduc$ ?r\gh ! cont95t (      

,europe4 ,!  ju/ice ( w>1 ! prop]ty     
acquir$ "u x1 ! moral p[]  to enslave1  
:51 :]e1 & 9 :at cases1 0 elaborately   
taught at ! univ]sities4 ,its pr9ciples 
7 z well  und]/ood 9 ! canon law z 9 !  
civil law2 tea*]s 9  e?ical philosophy  
also exp\nd$ ! doctr9e :i* prevail$ 9  e
 tribunal or judicature4 ,!y all agre$ 9
 _! premises  & maxims2 !y only diff]$ 9
 _! application1 z _!  m9ds 7 cle> or   
obtuse4    #hdf    ,! rules = !         
int]pretation ( laws 7 ! same 9 !  c\rts
 ( civil or ecclesia/ical jurisdiction4 
,! presumption  ( law 0 t1 z slav]y ( ! 
=eign infidel exi/$ 9  ,spa91 e infidel 
( a =eign nation 0 a slave4 ,if "o      
claim$ 8 fre$om1 ! burd5 ( pro( lay ^u  
him to prove he  0 free4 ,:5 negroes f  
,africa 7 br\ght by ,portuguese         
slave-trad]s to ! ,seville m>ket1 !     
presumption arose t  ^! creatures 7 ( t 
condition4 ,if "o ( !m c\ld %[  t he 0 n
 a slave1 t he 0 n captur$ 9 w>1 b  /ol5
 f 8 tribe1 he 0 adjudg$ a free man4 ,x 
_h always  be5 kn[n t m5 7 /ol5 & sold2 

b e slave  claim+ to be free _h to prove
 x4 ,! public did n inquire  into ! fact
 :5 !y pur*as$2 !y did n s5d to         
,s5egambia4 ,x is well kn[n t mule-/eal+
 is z common 9  ,k5tucky z %eep-/eal+ 9 
! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,yet no "o  9 !   
city1 pur*as+ ei!r k9d ( animal 9 ! op5 
m>ket1  w hesitate to buy mules or      
mutton f a regul> drov] or  but*]4 ,:o  
c\ld wait1 :5 tak+ 8 seat at breakfa/1  
until  8 consci5ce 0 appeas$ to f9d out 
fir/ :e!r ! veal  cutlet be=e him 0 n   
cut f a /ol5 calf8 ,no "o1 high or  l[1 
9 ,spa91 _h any misgiv+ 9 ! traffic (   
slaves1 ei!r  9 import+ !m to ,&alucia  
or 9 export+ !m to ,jamaica4    ,b !    
natives ( ! ,we/]n ,indies /ood on a    
diff]5t  foot+1 & :5 _! "q 0 fir/       
pres5t$ by ,que5  ,isabella to !        
univ]sities ( ,valladolid & ,salamanca =
 a  j op9ion1 :e!r ! ,indians c\ld be   
enslav$1 !  pr(essors unanim\sly decid$ 
!y c\ld n4 ,! doctors (  !ology1 v]s$ 9 
! canon law1 ma9ta9$ ! aborig9es (  !   
we/]n hemisph]e 7 conc$$ to ! cr[n by ! 

bull (  ,alex&] ,,vi4 grant+ !          
sov]eignty ( ,am]ica to ! k+dom  (      
,ca/ile & ,leon1 & ! inhabitants1 z w>ds
 to civilize  & make ,*ri/ians 9 express
 t]ms to be f\nd 9 !  pontifical        
docum5t2 t ! sov]eign _h accept$ x on ^!
  conditions4 ,to break ! promise 0 to  
betray ! tru/4 ,on !  o!r h&1 ! civil   
juri/s held ! ,indians 7 vassals (  !   
cr[n acquir$ 9 peaceful discov]y & n    
r$uc$ by w>4  ,!re=e !y 7 nev] captur$1 
& consequ5tly c\ld nev]  be enslav$4    
,! cr[n agre$ ) ! lawy]s on ! "q ( title
 by  :i* ! ,indies ( ! ,we/ 7 held4 ,!  
cr[n also recogniz$  ! /ipulations 9 !  
bull to civilize & *ri/ianize !         
,indians4 ,consequ5tly1 x 0 resolv$ t j 
w> c\ld n be  und]tak5 aga9/ !m2 b !    
gov]nm5t plac$ ov] !m  %\ld be a        
mission>y gov]nm5t2 ) a political       
polity1 at  ! same "t1 = coloni/s only1 
f ,ca/ile4 ,h5ce1 !  innum]able mission 
e/abli%m5ts 9 ,am]ica & !  comp>atively 
insignificant civil in/itutions = !     
,europeans2  h5ce1 also1 ! d\ble aspect 

( =mation 9 ! vice-royalty--  ! dual    
gov]nm5t "u "o head4    ,! royal        
(ficials s5t out _h no jurisdiction ov] 
!  ,indians1 except ! vic]oy2 ! religi\s
 mission>ies _h no  *>ge ov] !          
,spani>ds4 ,z ! natives greatly         
outnumb]$ !  ,ca/ilians1 ! in/itutions1 
9 a %ort "t1 incl9$ m to  !             
ecclesia/ical ?an to ! civil or         
political2 & !  religi\s elem5t cont9ues
 pr$om9ant to ! pres5t day4  #hdg       
,presid5ts /ill gov]n 9 fact1 al?\gh n 9
 ! same =m z  ! old vic]oys2 & z !      
vic]oys repres5t$ ! k+ 9  temporal &    
spiritual matt]s1 ! republican presid5ts
  endeavor to imitate1 9 ! pl5itude ( _!
 p[]1 bo? !  sov]eign & ! pontiff4      
,las ,casas und]/ood ! law z laid d[n by
 ! civil juri/s1  & z und]/ood also by !
 !ologians4 ,sometimes he def5d$  !     
,indians "u ! civil code2 sometimes "u !
 canon law4  ,9 "o way he appeal$ to 8  
c\ntrym5's s5se ( ju/ice2 9  ano!r1 to  
_! consci5ce4 ,9 g5]al 8 argum5ts 7 bas$
  on ! bull ( ,alex&]1 cont5d+ t !      

natives 7 plac$  9 *>ge ( ! sov]eigns by
 ! head ( ! *ur* = a  religi\s purpose4 
,llor5te consid]s ?is c\rse ! weak] side
  to take1 because ! pope has no        
pr]ogative to grant k+doms1  &          
pr9cipalities1 & discov]ies at pleasure2
 yet he excuses  ,las ,casas1 because   
?is assumption ( ! pope's 0 g5]ally     
recogniz$ 9 t age4 ,b ! excell5t        
biograph] ov]looks  ! words 9 ! petition
 f ,isabella to ,alex&]1 desir+  !      
sov]eignty4 ,a sav+ clause w be f\nd 9  
x1 :i*  intimates3 ,di/+ui%$ lawy]s are 
( op9ion t !  confirmation or donation f
 ! pontificate is n requisite to  hold  
possession ju/ly ( ! new _w4 ,9 t x w be
  p]ceiv$ a res]vation is ins]t$ aga9/ !
 v p[] to  grant t :i* x 0 reque/$ to be
 grant$4    ,! bi%op 0 aw>e ( ?is1 b    
/ill pref]r$ to appeal to  ! consci5ce (
 ! conqu]ors & coloni/s2 to portray !   
wick$ness 9 enslav+1 :]e _! religi\s    
convictions might  be t\*$1 r ?an rely  
^u ! law ( ! case :]e e  secul> law 0   
cont9ually brok51 & :]e ev5 div9e law 0 

n mu* bett] respect$4 ,8 policy 0       
correct2 its good  effects ultimately 7 
manife/1 & at la/ em95tly  successful4  
,at ?is "t di$ ,h]n&o ,cortez1 !        
conqu]or & sc\rge (  ,mexico4 ,:5 8 w 0 
op5$1 "o item direct$1 z ,mr4  ,prescott
 translates3      ,x has long be5 a "q  
:e!r "o c consci5ti\sly    hold prop]ty 
9 ,indian slaves4 ,s9ce ?is po9t has n  
yet    be5 det]m9$1 ,i enjo9 x on my son
 ,m>t9 & 8 heirs1    t !y sp>e no pa9s  
to come to an exact k ( !    tru?1 z a  
matt] :i* deeply t\*es ! consci5ce ( ea*
    ( !m no less ?an m9e4'    ,!        
hi/orian1 9 a note on ! same page1 gives
 ?is extract 9  ! orig9al1 :]e x reads  
diff]5tly1 ?us3      ,item1 conc]n+ !   
native slaves 9 ,new ,spa91 a=esaid2    
^? ( w> z well z ( pur*ase1 !re h be51 &
 are    _m d\bts1 etc4    ,! t]m1 by    
pur*ase1 ref]s to ^? natives :o 7 slaves
  be=e ! arrival ( ! ,spani>ds1 & sold  
to him4 ,mr4  ,prescott does n p]ceive !
 po9t = :i* ,las ,casas 0  cont5d+1 &   
:i* t\*$ ! conqu]or on 8 dea?-b$ )  all 

8 mighty crimes fre% on 8 s\l at ! la/  
mom5t1  :e!r ,indians1 al?\gh tak5 9 w>1
 c\ld be enslav$4 ,on !  next page ,mr4 
,prescott rem>ks3 ,las ,casas & !       
,dom9icans (  ! =m] age1 ! abolitioni/s 
( _! day1 ?und]$ out  _! uncompromis+   
invectives aga9/ ! sy/em1 on ! broad    
gr\nd ( natural equity & ! rights ( man4
 ,?is is a  mi/ake2 ,las ,casas & o!r   
,dom9icans always held up ! bull  (     
,alex&] ,,vi41 z our abolitioni/s po9t$ 
to ! ,national  ,decl>ation (           
,indep5d5ce4  #hdh  ,! glam\r p]petually
 be=e ! eyes ( mod]n biograph]s  ab\t ! 
natural equity & ! rights ( man prevail+
 9 !  sixte5? c5tury has misl$ !m into  
_m errors4    ,cortez _h no scruples on 
! subject ( 8 negro slaves6 ,he  does n 
provide = !m4 ,8 man1 ,e/evan1 _h !     
honor (  introduc+ ! small-pox to ?is   
cont95t1 at ,v]a ,cruz4 ,_m  ( ! race1  
bo? ,african & ,spani%-born1 7 br\ght to
 !  ,indies be=e #aejj2 b soon aft] _!  
arrival1 prov+  refractory1 !y rebell$  
aga9/ ! ma/]s 9 :at 0 call$  ! ,m>oon   

w>4 ,o!rs ran away to ! m\nta9s1 entic+ 
!  simple natives ) !m1 :]e ! negro liv$
 9 ori5tal  leisure & luxury1 9 8 h>em1 
:o work$ = him1 &  provid$ = all 8      
wants4 ,9 #aejb1 ,gov]nor ,ov&o         
recomm5d$  t fur!r importation be       
prohibit$2 because !y escap$1 &  w\ld n 
"w = ! plant]s4 ,! cl]gy jo9$ 9 !       
recomm5dation1 because ! negroes took ! 
,indians ) !m1  :]eby ! ,indian c\ld n  
be in/ruct$ 9 religion4    ,9 #aejf1    
,ov&o's recomm5dation 0 adopt$2 b 9 "p  
only4  ,! introduction ( negroes f      
,africa 0 prohibit$1 :ile !  coloni/s 7 
p]mitt$ to br+ ov] ,*ri/ian negroes born
 9  ,spa94 ,! k+ gave a special lic5se =
 a few ,africans to "w  9 ! m9es1 :]e !y
 w\ld n come 9 contact ) !  natives4    
,mr4 ,bancr(t1 9 ! fif? *apt] ( 8       
,hi/ory (  ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is q        
indignant at ! royal hypocrisy2  he1    
too1 has ! disease ( natural equity &   
rights ( man 9  ! c]ebellum4 ,?is       
hi/orian obs]ves3      ,! ,spani%       
gov]nm5t attempt$ to disguise ! crime by

    prohibit+ ! introduction ( slaves :o
 _h be5 born 9    ,moori% families4 444 
,b ! idle pret5ce 0 soon ab&on$4    444 
,k+ ,f]d9& himself 7#aeaj7 s5t fifty    
slaves to labor 9    ! m9es4    ,! same 
*apt] fif? is full ( preci\s read+ to ^?
 :o  are curi\s to le>n h[ facts        
sometimes may be int]pret$1 &  hi/ory   
made up4    ,^! are ! reasons :y ,c>d9al
 ,xim5es 0 oppos$ to !  trade1 z expla9$
 by 8 biograph]s2 & ^!1 also1 = !       
repugnance ( ,las ,casas to x1 z /at$   
sev]al times 9 8  works4 ,b ! c>d9al    
det]m9$ to raise rev5ue f !  traffic2 he
 !reupon1 9 #aeaf1 /opp$ ! trade until  
he c\ld  arrange ! duties to be levi$4  
,= ?is /oppage1 ,dr4 ,rob]tson  fir$ (f 
an eulogium1 :i* 0 n applicable4        
,wa%+ton  ,irv+ eag]ly s\ght out ! *apt]
 9 ,h]r]a1 ref]r$ to by  ! doctor1 & 0  
duly disgu/$ on f9d+ t ,xim5es 0  n ?9k+
 ab\t sublime moral s5tim5ts1 b ab\t    
money4 ,!  biograph] ( ,columbus 0 mu*  
p]plex$2 he c\ld only console  himself =
 ! discrepancy by rem>k+ t1 ,c>d9al     

,xim5es  9 fact1 ?\gh a wise & upright  
/atesman1 0 n tr\bl$  ) scruples (      
consci5ce on ! "q ( natural rights4  ,h[
 a c>d9al c be an upright man )\t an    
inv>iable  delicacy ( consci5ce1 :]e) to
 decide ju/ly at all times1  surpasses  
common compreh5sion4 ,! excuse = ,xim5es
 is ab\t  equal to ! complim5t = ,john  
,smi?1 if x 7 said t !  ubiquit\s ,john 
is an exempl>y memb] ( society :5 he is 
sob]4    ,on second ?\ghts1 ,mr4 ,helps1
 aft] all1 may be entitl$ to  high]     
rank1 by comp>ison ) o!r au?ors1 ?an on 
fir/  impression is accord$ to him4     
#hdi  ,8 home is 9 a hemisph]e :]e      
hi/orical que/ions1 purely  ,am]ican1   
are rec$+ m & m f public consid]ation2  
:ile mo/ ( ! o!r g5tlem5 belong to ?is  
side ( !  ,atlantic1 :]e su* subjects   
are ris+ 9 ! horizon1 &  claim+ great]  
att5tion4 ,if facts1 !n1 ( ! fir/       
magnitude are ,ov]look$ 9 ! new _w1 h[  
_m m w be  ov]look$ 9 ! old8 ,if !y d ^!
 ?+s 9 ! gre5 tree  at ,bo/on1 :at %all 
be done by a ,dryasdu/ 9 ,london8       

,space does n p]mit an exam9ation ( o!r 
faults ( less  gravity attribut$ to ,las
 ,casas4 ,x is said t1 :5 he wrote  8   
,brief ,acc\nt1 he exagg]at$ 9 ov]-/at+ 
!  imm5se ext5t ( ! de/ruction among !  
aborig9es2 t 8  excit$ feel+s & t5d]    
s5sibilities _h l$ him a/ray by  !      
unp>allel$ atrocities p]petrat$ 9 8     
pres5ce4 ,b on  ! contr>y1 x 0 !        
magnitude ( ^! atrocities :i*  excit$ 8 
feel+s & %ock$ 8 s5sibilities4 ,e ^w 9  
! ,brief ,acc\nt c be ma9ta9$2          
fur!rmore1 x w  be f\nd 8 /atem5t 9 t   
tale ( horror is n only true1  b falls  
%ort ( all ! tru?4 ,=eign nations1      
jeal\s &  dread+ ! greatness ( ,spa91   
eag]ly translat$ & publi%$  ! ,acc\nt4  
,x soon appe>$ 9 pr9t 9 ,engli%1 9      
,fr5*1 9 ,dut*1 & ,lat92 x w\ld h also  
be5 pres5t$ 9  ,g]man1 if a ,g]man      
lit]ature _h be5 9 exi/5ce3 ,c>icature  
pictures embelli%$ ! pages1 depict+     
sc5es 9 ! _m  modes ( torture practis$  
^u ! ,indians1 ^u ! simple1  innoc5t1   
confid+1 nak$ m5 & wom51 ^u little boys 

&  girls1 sc>ce beyond infancy4    ,^!  
unhe>d-( crimes s5t a ?rill ?r\gh\t     
,*ri/5dom1 &  set a /igma = cruelty on !
 ,ca/ilian "n4 ,! ,spani%  p1 prov]bial 
= _! hone/y1 humanity1 & integrity1     
act+ ) little wisdom1 d5i$ ! correctness
 ( ! acc\nt2  consequ5tly1 !y 7 requir$ 
to make good _! d5ial4 ,?is  be+        
impossible1 ! nation took v5geance on ! 
memory ( ,las  ,casas1 :5 9 8 grave4 ,b 
! conduct 0 fooli%2 ! nation  0 no m    
responsible = ! outrage on ! natives1   
?an x  is responsible = a gang (        
desp]adoes & outlaws 9 !  m\nta91 :o let
 loose _! bull-dogs on kids & lambs 9 ! 
,si]ra ,mor5a4 ,consequ5tly1 ! "n ( ,las
 ,casas 0 held up to  national          
execration1 :]ev] 0 spok5 ! beautiful   
idiom (  ,ca/ile4 ,! le>n$ look$ ^u 8   
virtu\s ex]tions ) cold  suspicion2     
lit]ature became t9ctur$ ) x2 ! *ur*1   
cat*+ ! tone ( public op9ion 9 ! ,ib]ian
 p59sula1  )held h] recognition &       
recomp5se2 ?us ignor+ p]haps  h] greate/
 ornam5t & b5efactor 9 mod]n times4 ,9 !

  c\rse ( ye>s1 8 "n pass$ almo/ into   
oblivion 9 ,spa9  :5 ! asp]ity di$ out4 
,b among ! (ficials 9 ,spani%  ,am]ica1 
hatr$ to him 0 imp]i%able4 ,s f> d[n1   
ev5 9  #ahaa1 ! ,consulado ( ! ,city (  
,mexico d5\nc$ him z a  mo/ illu/ri\s   
,spani% declaim]1 :o wi%$ to make       
himself  r5[n$ at ! exp5se ( ! true     
national glory2 & if he  foll[$ x "s "t1
 he ga9$ at la/ ! m]it$ odium (  po/]ity
 & ! contempt ( all hone/ & "r-m9d$     
=eign]s4 ,at ! same mom5t1 ne>ly ?irty  
millions ( !  native population1 !      
desc5dants ( ^? :om he 0 ma9ly          
in/rum5tal 9 sav+ f slav]y & consequ5t  
de/ruction1  s5t =? daily _! grateful   
hymns 9 praise ( 8 virtues1  & 9 _!     
orisons bes\ght ! heav5ly grace to grant
 sweet  repose to 8 imp]i%able s\l4     
#hej    ,well does he des]ve _!         
gratitude4 ,at ! beg9n+1 ,las ,casas  0 
a mission>y unto ! missions2 he taught !
 cl]gy fir/  t ! natives 7 intellectual 
be+s l !mselves2 he  organiz$ ! movem5t 
= ! extirpation ( slav]y2 he  in/ruct$  

!m h[ to appeal to ! consci5ce ( ! dy+  
man  hold+ fell[-m5 9 bondage2 he ord]$ 
!m to refuse !  sacram5ts to ! /rong1 :o
 approa*$ ! holy alt>2 he  report$ !    
plan = ! mission>y gov]nm5t to !        
sov]eigns  9 ,spa92 he organiz$ x 9     
,am]ica2 & orig9at$ ! me?od  by :i* !   
docile creatures 7 collect$ into        
communities or  pueblos1 f> remov$ f !  
:ite race2 he laid d[n ! rules  = ! h\rs
 ( labor & repose1 = _! in/ruction & =  
_! civilization4 ,he in/itut$ !         
regulations = !  guidance ( ! prie/s1 & 
in/ill$ into !m ! duty (  wat*+ ov] _!  
flock at all times1 9 all places2 to    
%ield  !m f oppression2 to alleviate _! 
di/ress 9 sickness2 to  soo! !m 9       
affliction2 to c\nsel !m :5 9 heal?2 to 
be  _! guide1 com=t]1 & fri5d4 ,nor has 
"o ( 8 tea*+s  be5 *ang$ or set aside4  
,!y rema9 to ?is day 9 full vigor  9 e  
pueblo1 f ! fur!/ conf9es ( ,cali=nia to
 !  mo/ remote mission ( ,p>aguay4 ,:5  
he pass$ away f e>?1  at ! extreme age (
 n9ety-two1 ! _s ) :i* 8 zeal  0        

animat$1 0 caught up by ! prie/hood :o  
sat at 8 feet  to li/5 to 8 inspir$     
words4 ,! g]m he plant$ 9 _!  bosom grew
 ) _! gr[?1 /r5g!n$ ) _! /r5g?4 ,a  _w 0
 r$eem$1 & an humble monk f ,seville1 a 
truly  ,god-fe>+ man1 ,b>toleme ,las    
,casas1 0 _! r$eem]4    ,! "t has gone  
by :5 ! ,european m9d c d him ju/ice4   
,colonial affairs ( ! ,we/]n cont95t h  
no long] an  int]e/ 9 t qu>t]4 ,8 native
 l& has ?r[n him (f4 ,x  is only 9      
,am]ica ! greatness ( 8 a*ievem5t c be  
portray$1 ! lu/re ( 8 fame r5ew$4 ,nor c
 ?is pleas+  task be accompli%$ 9       
,spani% ,am]ica1 :]e z yet a  prov9cial 
lit]ature prevails4 ,x mu/ come1 if come
 at all1  f out ( our own republic4 ,m  
?an "o half ( ! imm5se1  wide-spread+   
t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates once belong$ 
to  ,spa92 & ,spani% mission>y          
in/itutions1 laws1 cu/oms1 &  mann]s    
und]lie ! ,anglo-,saxon hi/orical1      
legislative1 &  judicial sup]/ructure ( 
a lat] p]iod4 ,juri/s are n[ 9  se>*1   
grop+ 9 ! d>k1 = ! clue to t seem+ly    

inextricable labyr9? ( civilization on  
:i* ,spani%-,am]ican  hi/ory is f\nd$1 &
 f :5ce contemporane\s laws &  cu/oms   
are d]iv$1 9 ord] to elucidate intricate
 pr9ciples  daily aris+ 9 ! adjudication
 ( titles to l&s4    ,! highe/ c\rt     
approa*es ! decid+ ( su* cases ) "s     
trepidation & m di/ru/1 le/ !y          
misappreh5d a ,spani%  colonial law or d
 n und]/& ! reason = ! enactm5t (  !    
law2 or because1 also1 a contract may be
 mis9t]pret$ f  mis9=mation ( local     
in/itutions & local phrases1 t  ?r[ _!  
atmosph]e ar\nd express$ /ipulations 9  
legal  docum5ts4 ,!y n[ feel ! necessity
 = an exposition dat+  back to !        
comm5cem5t ( ,ca/ilian occupancy on ?is 
cont95t  & ! in/itution ( missions4 ,9  
va9 h !y s\ght =  t s\rce ( k1 = t      
corn]-/one ^u :i* to  con/ruct ! true   
!ory ov] aga9 ( vic]egal dom9ation4     
#hea  ,at la/ !y w turn to ! works (    
,las ,casas1 to ma/] _!  cont5ts2 & :5  
und]/ood1 !y w lay _! h& on :at  rema9s 
( 8 noble intellect1 & exclaim1 ,?\ art 

! man4  ,!n w be unfold$ ! my/]ies ( !  
,spani% colonial  d\ble codes1 &        
advocates w exp\nd !m ) ! c\rage  &     
confid5ce ) :i* !y expatiate ^u ! common
 law (  ,engl&4    ,x 0 z idle to look  
among v>i\s races ( peaceful  aborig9es1
 = ! f\nd] ( _! civilization1 clo!d 9 ! 
g>b ( a w>rior1 we>+ a sword at 8 side1 
z to expect to  enc\nt] ! great         
protector & fir/ *ief magi/rate ( a     
mighty milit>y nation "u ! c[l ( a monk4
 ,las ,casas 0 to  ! ,spani% doma9 we/ (
 ! ,mississippi riv] :at ,wa%+ton  0 to 
our ,engli% t]ritory ea/ ( x2 & z resort
 is  con/antly _h to ! writ+s ( ! great 
g5]al1 to  und]/& ! pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t
 9 "o portion ( !  republic1 ref]5ce mu/
 be made to ! essays ( ! great          
mission>y to expla9 ! ideas & objects = 
:i* ! o!r  0 inhabit$4 ,am]ican         
jurisprud5ce w be ! *annel ?r\gh  :i* a 
prop] e/imate ( ,las ,casas w be atta9$4
 ,!n %all  8 works be plac$ 9 ! alcoves 
( libr>ies along ) !  docum5t>y legacies
 ( ,wa%+ton1 ( ,jeff]son1 ( ,hamilton1  

& ,adams2 & *apels w be erect$ to en%r9e
 8 relics 9  m>bles1 9 mala*ite &       
lazuli1 9 gems & 9 gold4 ,= x  w !n be  
e/abli%$ t ,b>toleme ,las ,casas 9      
,am]ica  ga9$ & pres]v$ m s\ls to !     
*ur*1 ?an 9 ,europe !  h]esy ( ,lu!r ev]
 lo/4    ---------------        ,say+s  
,( ,! ,fa!rs ,( ,! ,des]t4      ,!re 7  
two bro!rs ( great sanctity1 liv+ 9 !   
same  congregation1 :o1 by _! m]its1 saw
 9 ea* o!r ! grace  ( ,god4 ,n[1 x *anc$
 t "o ( !m w5t out on ! six?  f]ia1 ap>t
 f ! re/ ( ! congregation1 & saw a p]son
  eat+ at an e>ly h\r4 ,do/ eat at ?is  
h\r on ! six?  f]ia8 said he4 ,! next   
day ,mass 0 celebrat$ z usual1 &  :5 !  
o!r bro!r look$ at him1 & saw t ! grace 
:i* _h be5 giv5 him 0 gone1 he 0 sad4 ,&
 :5 !y _h  ent]$ 8 cell1 he said3 ,:at  
ha/ ?\ done1 bro!r1 = ,i  no long] see !
 grace ( ,god 9 !e z h]et(ore8 ,i       
rememb] to h done no?+ bad ei!r 9 ?\ght 
or 9 de$1  0 ! answ]4 ,h y spok5 to any 
"o 9 an un*>itable  mann]8 ask$ ! bro!r4
 ,!n recollect+ himself1 he  repli$3    

,yes4 ,ye/]day ,i saw "s "o eat+ at an  
e>ly h\r1  & ask$ him :e!r he ate s e>ly
 on ! six? f]ia4 ,?is1  !n1 is my fault4
 ,b come1 "w ) me = two weeks1 & let  u 
pray ,god to =give me4 ,!y did s1 & aft]
 two weeks'  "t he beheld ,god's grace  
aga9 desc5d+ ^u 8 bro!r1  &1 giv+ ?anks 
to ,god1 :o alone is good1 !y 7 full (  
consolation4    -----------------       
#heb          ,new ,publications4       
,! ,fri5d%ips ,( ,wom54    ,by ,william 
,r\nseville ,alg]4    ,bo/on3 ,rob]ts   
,bro!rs4 #ahfh4    ,mr4 ,alg] has       
c]ta9ly giv5 u a *>m+ volume1 & "o :i*  
is di/+ui%$ = its fre$om f ! weak       
s5tim5tality &  d\btful moral tone t "o 
fe>s to f9d 9 publications ( our  day1  
^: aim x is to treat ( ! passions ( !   
human he>t4  ,he has *os5 ! noble/ &    
pure/ examples 9 hi/ory to  illu/rate 8 
subject1 & ! incid5ts ( life are select$
  ) good ta/e & judgm5t4 ,! ,ca?olic    
,*ur* ref9es &  elevates e g5u9e s5tim5t
 ( ! he>t1 & we %\ld1  !re=e1 naturally 
look = ! mo/ %9+ examples (  fri5d%ip   

among ^? ( h] *ildr5 :o h in/anc$ 9  _! 
lives h] div9e p[] ( purification &     
exaltation (  ! s\l4 ,! be/ examples 9  
?is volume are su*--,/4 ,monica1  & h]  
great son1 ,/4 ,augu/9e2 ,/4 ,s*ola/ica 
& h]  bro!r1 ,/4 ,b5$ict2 ,/4 ,j]ome &  
,/4 ,paula2 ,/4 ,francis (  ,assisi &   
,/4 ,cl>a2 ,/4 ,francis de ,sales & ,/4 
,jane ,frances  de ,*antal2 ,/4 ,!resa &
 ,/4 ,john ( ! ,cross2 ,sir ,?omas  ,m &
 8 daught]1 ,m>g>et ,rop]2 ,eugnie de   
,gur9 & h]  bro!r ,maurice2 ,madame     
,swet*9e & ,fa!r ,lacordaire4 ,9  sev]al
 places ,mr4 ,alg] recognizes ?is fact1 
& ackn[l$ges  t ! ,ca?olic fai? t5ds to 
fo/] pure & exalt$  fri5d%ips4 ,notic+  
"s v rem>kable intimate fri5d%ips  :i*  
sprung up betwe5 c]ta9 holy prie/s & _! 
female  p5it5ts1 he adds3 ,unque/ionably
 !re h be5 v num]\s  fri5d%ips1 wor?y ( 
notice1 betwe5 cl]gym5 & dev\t wom5  9 !
 ,prote/ant sects4 ,b !y are diff]5t f  
^? 9 !  ,ca?olic communion1 :i* has1 9  
?is respect1 great advantages4  ,9 !    
,prote/ant e/abli%m5t all are on a free 

equality1 &  ! religion is an elem5t    
fus$ into ! life4 ,) !  ,ca?olics1 !    
ov]:elm+ au?ority ( ! *ur* inve/s !     
prie/s ) godlike attributes1 :ile       
celibacy deta*es _!  he>ts f ! home &   
family1 leav+ !m ready = o!r  calls4 ,! 
laity are plac$ 9 a passive attitude1   
except z to  fai? & affection1 :i* are m
 active = ! re/rictions  appli$ else:]e3
 & religion is pursu$ & practis$ z an   
art by itself4 ,! *ur* ritual1 by its   
dramatic cont5ts &  movem5ts1 pe]less 9 
its pa!tic1 imag9ative p[]1  int5sifies 
& cleanses ! passions ( ^? :o           
appreciatively  celebrate or witness x1 
& :o are naturally attract$  toge!r1 z1 
9 bl5d$ devotional emotions & aims1 !y  
cultivate t sup]natural act ^: inf9ite  
int]e/s make all  e>?ly conc]ns appe>   
dw>f$ & pale4 ,! in/ances already  cit$ 
( ! fri5d%ips ?us orig9at+1 suffice to  
indicate  ! weal? 9 ?is k9d ( exp]i5ce  
:i* mu/ rema9 = ev]  unkn[n to ! public4
    ,! fact is pla91 al?\gh ,mr4 ,alg]  
makes sorry "w 9  attempt+ to           

philosophize ^u x4 ,a mon?'s exp]i5ce 9 
!  confessional1 if t 7 possible = him1 
w\ld tea* him )  :om religion is an     
elem5t fus$ into ! life1 & t !  fai? ( a
 ,ca?olic is n a matt] ( s5tim5t only1 &
 x  might reveal to him1 also1 ! secret 
( t holy fri5d%ip (  :i*1 9 tru?1 ! _w  
outside kn[s no?+4 ,x c]ta9ly  does     
surprise u t1 f 8 close p]usal ( ! lives
 (  ^! fri5ds 9 ,god1 he has fail$ to   
discov] x4 ,we c tell  him1 h[ev]1 !    
reason :y he has n f\nd ! secret ( _!   
affection1 = we read x pla9ly on e page 
( 8 book4 ,he  fails to recognize !     
reality ( ! sup]natural1 & !re=e  has no
 appreciation ( any fri5d%ip :i* is n   
:olly human  9 its f\ndation & motive4  
,?is is ! fault we h to f9d  ) mod]n    
non-,ca?olic lit]ature1 & :i* r5d]s x s 
cold  & /]ile4  #hec  ,we are n ! ones  
to c>p at human love & human fri5d%ip4  
,bo? are ( ,god1 & bless$ by him4 ,!    
doctr9es ( ,calv9ism1  :i* has d>k5$ !  
spiritual life ( ^? :o h be5  n\ri%$ "u 
its influ5ce1 & :i* /igmatizes ! nature 

( man1 ) all its aspirations1 z ( !     
devil1 devili%1 is  alone responsible = 
! degradation ( ! he>t's affections1  & 
t de>? ( human fri5d%ip ( :i* ! au?or   
compla9s  9 8 introduction1 & ! desire  
to ree/abli% :i* appe>s  to h mov$ him  
to ! composition ( ?is "w4 ,! revolt    
aga9/ ! doctr9e ( total depravity has   
result$ 9 pure  naturalism &            
transc5d5talism4 ,h5ce1 human reason is 
deifi$  toge!r ) ! in/9cts4 ,reason is !
 highe/1 = !re is  no?+ above x2 & act  
out ?y in/9cts1 is ! holie/1  = !y are  
div9e4    ,may n ?is inord9ate          
cultivation ( ! passions1 & _!  unbridl$
 gratification1 :i* is ! burd5 ( !      
s5sational  lit]ature ( our day1 be a   
reaction f ! unnatural  re/ra9ts (      
puritanism8 ,! actual /ate ( ?+s we     
leave our  au?or to give 9 8 own words4 
,! proportionate numb] (  examples (    
virtu\s love1 complet+ itself 9 m>riage1
 w  probably dim9i%1 & ! relative       
examples ( defeat$ or (  unlawful love  
increase1 until we rea* "s new phase (  

civilization1 ) bett] h>moniz$ social   
arrangem5ts--  arrangem5ts bo? m        
economical & m tru?ful4 ,9 ! mean  "t1  
ev]y?+ :i* t5ds to inflame ! exclusive  
passion (  love1 to /imulate ?\ght ^u x1
 or to magnify its imag9$  importance1  
contributes s mu* to enhance ! mis]y (  
its  )hold+ or loss1 & ?us to augm5t an 
evil already  lam5tably ext5sive &      
sev]e4 ,:y does n ,mr4 ,alg] ask        
himself ! reason ( ?is increas+         
immorality1 & !  dim9ution ( ! numb] (  
m>riages8 ,he says1 aga91 ,!re  nev] 7 s
 _m morally baffl$1 uneasy1 & compla9+  
wom5  on ! e>? z n[4 ,& :y8 ,8 answ]    
confirms :at we h  be=e said4 ,because  
nev] be=e did ! capacities (            
intellig5ce & affection s greatly exce$ 
_!  gratification4 ,mr4 ,alg] sees no   
o!r heav5 ?an ?is  e>?1 no bett] "p ?an 
m>riage2 is bl9d to !  sup]natural end (
 man2 fails to appreciate ! examples (  
div9e fri5d%ips he cites1 & has no rem$y
 to (f] = !  evils he deplores1 b !     
/imulation ( ano!r human  s5tim5t1 pur] 

9 its conception1 & less liable to abuse
 ?an  ! m ard5t passion ( love1 & !     
e/abli%m5t &  cultivation ( woman's     
rights1 to replace 7we _c help  ?9k+ x7 
! conv5t & its sup]natural life ( div9e 
love2 & sub/itut+ p]sonal fri5d%ips = t 
*>ity  :i* embraces ! :ole race4 ,=1 he 
says3 ,n[1 ! mo/  heal?ful1 effective   
antidote = ! evils ( an extravagant     
passion1 is to call into action         
neutraliz+ or supplem5t>y  passions2 to 
balance ! excess ( "o p[] by /imulat+   
weak] p[]s1 & fix+ att5tion on !m2 to   
assuage  disappo9tm5ts 9 "o direction by
 secur+ gratification 9  ano!r4 ,&1     
aga93 ,! good wife & "m fills a         
beautiful  & sublime (fice--! fitte/ & !
 happie/ (fice %e c  fulfil4 ,if h]     
dome/ic c>es occupy & satisfy h]        
faculties1  x is a =tunate adju/m5t2 & x
 is "r t h] husb&  %\ld relieve h] ( !  
duty ( provid+ = h] subsi/5ce4  ,b :at  
%all be said ( ^? millions ( wom5 :o are
 n  wives & mo!rs2 :o h no adequate     
dome/ic life1 no g5ial1  private        

occupation or support8 ,multitudes (    
wom5 h too mu*  self-respect to be      
desir\s ( be+ support$ 9 idl5ess by  m51
 too mu* g5ius & ambition to be cont5t )
 sp5d+  _! lives 9 trifles2 & too mu*   
devot$ness n to burn to  be do+ _! %>e 9
 ! relief ( humanity1 ! "w &  progress (
 ! _w4 ,if ^! 7 b all happy wives &     
mo!rs1 t might be be/4 ,b d5i$ t        
function1 & be+  :at !y are1 :y %\ld n  
all ! prov9ces ( public labor  &        
usefulness :i* !y are capable ( occupy+1
 be freely  op5$ to !m6 ,:at else is x  
save prejudice t applauds a  woman danc+
 a ballet or p]=m+ an op]a1 b %r9ks )   
disgu/ f "o deliv]+ an oration1 prea*+ a
 s]mon1 or  ca/+ a vote8  #hed  ,:y is x
 less womanly to prescribe z a physician
 ?an to t5d  z a nurse8 ,if a woman h a 
call+ to m$ic9e1 div9ity1 law1          
lit]ature1 art1 in/ruction1 trade1 or   
honorable h&icraft1 x  is h>d to see any
 reason :y %e %\ld n h a fair *ance  (  
pursu+ x4    ,mr4 ,alg]1 h[ev]1 cat*es  
"s fa9t glimpses ( ! tru? to  :i* we h  

allud$1 & we wi% t he w\ld pond] well ! 
full mean+ ( 8 own language1 :5 speak+ (
 ! fri5d%ip  ( ,madame ,swet*9e & ,fa!r 
,lacordaire--a fri5d%ip :i*  appe>s to h
 be5 a subject ( int5se int]e/ to him1 &
 to  h awak5$ 8 unqualifi$ admiration4  
,no "o :o has n  read _! correspond5ce1 
rea*+ ri*ly ?r\gh a :ole  g5]ation1 c   
easily imag9e ! s]vices r5d]$ by ?is    
gift$ & sa9tly woman to ?is holy &      
p[]ful man4 ,community  ( fai?1 (       
loyalty1 ( nobl5ess1 jo9$ !m4 ,x 0 9    
look+ to heav5 toge!r t _! s\ls grew    
unit$4 ,drawn by  ! same attractions1 & 
held by "o sov]eign allegiance1 su*     
s\ls ne$ no v[s1 nor lean on any =eign  
support4 ,!  div9ity ( tru? & good is _!
 bond4 ,:at is ?is  div9ity ( tru? &    
good8 ,is x ,god1 ! liv+1 p]sonal  ,god1
 :o r$eems1 inspires1 reg5]ates1        
sanctifies1 &  glorifies humanity1 or is
 x n8 ,:at is ! "* ( !  life born ( ?is 
communion 9 ,god8 ,are su* fri5d%ips    
possible  outside ( reveal$ religion8   
,we ?9k n1 & we regret t a  m9d ( su*   

culture z our au?or has %[n 8 to be1    
%\ld  n see t he has be5 =c$ to g       
outside ( ! b\nds (  8 own !ory to f9d !
 realization ( 8 ideal4    ,! f9al *apt]
 ( 8 "w1 ,on ! pres5t ne$s & duties  (  
wom51 is n s =eign to ! title ( ! volume
 z "o  might be tempt$ to believe on a  
cursory read+4 ,mr4 ,alg]  f9ds1 z he   
says 9 8 introduction1 t ! position (   
woman  9 society is desc5d+4 ,he looks =
 "s new phase (  civilization to br+ h] 
back to a position ( honor &  usefulness
 equival5t to t :i* %e is s rapidly     
los+4 ,he  blames ,*ri/ianity & its     
traditions = mak+ woman !  weak] vessel1
 & r$uc+ h] to subjection "u ! rule (   
man1 z ! head ( ! div9e in/itution ( !  
family4 ,x  seems to u t ?is relative   
position ( ! man & ! woman  is e/abli%$ 
by pretty high au?ority4    ,to ! woman1
 also1 he said1 ,i w multiply ?y sorr[s 
& ?y  conceptions3 9 sorr[ %alt ?\ br+  
=? *ildr51 &  ?\ %alt be "u ?y husb&'s  
p[]1 & he %all h  dom9ion ov] !e4 ,?is1 
h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,alg] conv5i5tly  rejects z 

a leg5d4 ,b does he =get t ! ,*ri/ian   
*ur*  emancipat$ woman1 & r$eem$ h] f t 
degrad$ condition1  into :i*1 = want ( !
 reg5]at+ influ5ce ( !  sup]natural life
 ( t *ur*1 %e is once aga9 desc5d+8  ,we
 are n surpris$ to see ,mr4 ,alg] ?r[+  
all revelation  aside1 d5y+ orig9al s9 &
 its consequ5ces4 ,b let him  bew>e4 ,he
 w drag humanity back into ! /ate (     
b>b>ism1  or dr[n x 9 ! s9k ( hea!n     
lic5ti\sness4 ,?is mod]n  _s (          
mat]ialism1 ?is ?r[+ (f ! yoke ( div9e  
au?ority1 is ! result ( ! old           
temptation1 ,ye %all be z  gods1 kn[+   
good f evil1 & we are pres5t witnesses  
to  ! curse t is fall+ ^u ^? :o give e> 
to ! tempt]4  ,m5 & wom5 =get ,god1 &   
!re is a fe>ful resuscitation (  ! base/
 =ms ( hea!n immorality among !m4 ,w    
,mr4 ,alg]  tell u to :at pr9ciple 7ei!r
 ( civilization or ( religion7  he      
attributes ! dy+ out ( ! non-,ca?olic   
native ,am]ican  /ock 9 ,new ,engl&1 &  
:at new phase ( civilization w  prev5t  
its total ext9ction8    ,mr4 ,alg] w\ld 

reg5]ate ! millions ( wom5 ^: aimless   
life he deplores1 by mak+ woman equal 9 
all ! duties ( life  to ! man4 ,no matt]
 :at ! :ole _w has said be=e1 no  matt] 
:at sup]/iti\s revelations h said1 no   
matt] if !  tea*+ ( ! ,bible di/9ctly   
%[s ! contr>y1 no matt] if  ! ,*ri/ian  
*ur* affirms by ! m\? ( ,/4 ,paul1 ,i   
suff]  n a woman to tea*1 nor to usurp  
au?ority ov] ! man1 b to  be 9 sil5ce2 =
 ,adam 0 fir/ =m$1 !n ,eve4  #hee  ,we  
are l$1 says our au?or1 by tea*+s (     
philosophy &  sci5ce :i* we _c resi/1 to
 diff] ) ! traditions (  ! :ole _w & !  
,*ri/ian *ur*1 & z = ! ,apo/le1  8 logic
 limps2 =1 did priority ( creation conf]
  au?ority to gov]n1 !n man %\ld obey ! 
l[] animals4 767    ,mr4 ,alg] has a    
!ory1 & endeavors to illu/rate x1 & draw
  ! logical conclusions4 ,we fe> t ^?   
conclusions w  h>monize b ill ) !       
exp]i5ce ( ! human race1 & w  be f\nd   
sadly want+ 9 _! adaptability to its    
ne$s4    ------------      ,an          
,illu/rat$ ,hi/ory ,( ,irel&4    ,) t5  

fir/-class full-page ,engrav+s (        
,hi/orical ,sc5es1    design$ by ,h5ry  
,doyle1 & engrav$ by ,george ,hanlon &  
,george ,pe>son2 toge!r ) upw>ds ( #ajj 
woodcuts by    em95t arti/s1 illu/rat+ !
 ,antiquities1 ,sc5]y1 &    ,sites (    
,rem>kable ,ev5ts4    #a vol4 #hvo1 pp4 
xiv41 #eha4    ,london3 ,longman  ,co42 
,new ,york3 ,ca?olic ,publication       
,society1 #abf ,nassau ,/reet4    ,we   
ext5d a mo/ cordial welcome to ?is      
,popul> ,illu/rat$  ,hi/ory ( ,irel&4 ,x
 is precisely su* a manual ( t deeply   
int]e/+ & sugge/ive hi/ory1 z %\ld be 9 
! h&s (  e man or woman :o claims       
connection ) ! anci5t race (  ! ,gael1  
or :o wi%es to obta9 a correct k ( t  p4
 ,su* a manual c\ld only h be5 produc$ 9
 our  g5]ation4 ,?irty or =ty ye>s ago1 
x 7 an impossibility4  ,little 0 !n kn[n
 ( ! g5u9e mat]ials ( ! hi/ory (        
,irel&2 ( ! va/ body ( annals1 :i*      
,eug5e ,o',curry  delib]ately affirm$1  
"s twelve ye>s s9ce1 mu/ =m !  basis (  
any really intelligible v]sion ( ! /ory 

( anci5t  ,er9n2 ( ! ,g5ealogies &      
,p$igrees1 ! ,hi/oric ,tales1 !  ,law   
,books1 ! ,topographical ,poems1 & ( !  
:ole mass (  miscellane\s hi/orical     
lit]ature1 :i* ! national hi/orian  mu/ 
avail himself (1 be=e he c give u any?+ 
m ?an a  dry & meagre outl9e2 be=e he c 
br+ out 9 full relief1  ! pregnant      
record ( ! colonization1 conv]sion1     
invasions1  p]secutions1 w>s1 /ruggles1 
triumphs & rev]ses2 suff]+s  & sorr[s ( 
,innisfail2 be=e he c supply ^? lights &
  %ades1 all ^? m9ute circum/ances1 :i* 
expla9 n only  hi/orical ev5ts1 b ^?    
equally or ev5 m important              
descriptions1 9 :i* ! habits & mann]s1 !
 social ideas  & cultivation1 ! v life (
 ! actors 9 ^? ev5ts are  depict$ = our 
in/ruction z well z ent]ta9m5t4 ,x is   
true  !re 7 !n z n[ accessible scores1  
ev5 hundr$s (  s-call$ ,hi/ories (      
,irel&1 f ,d]mod ,o',connor's rude &    
ru?less translation ( ! ,=as ,feasa ,ar 
,eir9n ( ,dr4  ,ge(frey ,keat+1 d[n     
?r\gh ! pond]\s volumes ( ,lel&1  &     

,w>n]1 & ,o',halloran1 & ,pl[d51 &      
,l$wi*1 &  ,musgrave1 to ! crude        
compilations ( ,taaffe1 & ,gordon1 &    
,craw=d1 & ,comm]=d1 & ,lawless2 to ! m 
poli%$ &  pret5ti\s1 b n practically m  
useful1 r m  p]nici\s epitome ( ,?omas  
,moore4 ,!re 7 ,ogygias1  ,it9]>ies1    
,collectanea1 ,*ronicles ( ,eri1 & su*  
p$antic  rubbi%1 9 heaps on ! %elves (  
public libr>ies1 9 old  book-/ores1 9 ! 
closets & *e/s ( fossiliz$ book-worms4  
,all ( ^? pseudo-hi/ories s]v$ r to     
disc\rage ?an  advance ! /udy ( ! real  
hi/ory ( ,irel&2 to br+ into  disrepute1
 r ?an to exalt1 ! ,iri% "n1 & race1 &  
nation1 & ! glori\s *ur* f\nd$ by !     
great apo/le (  ! fai?4    ,to a le>n$ &
 fai?ful1 ?\gh almo/ =gott5             
repres5tative  ( ! v5]able prie/hood (  
,irel& belongs ! high honor (  hav+     
produc$1 9 ! language ( ! /rang]1 ! fir/
 truly  orig9al "w ( an hi/orical       
nature1 an able1 erudite1 &  inspir+    
hi/ory ( ! mo/ dev\tly *]i%$ inh]itance 
(  ! race1 ! anci5t *ur* ( 8 native l&2 

& ?is1 too1  )9 ! memory ( m5 yet liv+1 
& n f> pa/ ! prime  ( life4 ,we allude  
to ! ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory (  ,irel&1 (
 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,john ,lanigan1 :i* 0     
issu$ 9  f\r volumes octavo1 f a ,dubl9 
press1 9 ! ye> #ahbb4  #hef  ,x comm5c$ 
) ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity into     
,irel&1  & clos$ ) ! era ( !            
,anglo-,norman invasion4 ,half a        
life-"t 0 giv5 to ! prep>ation ( ! book1
 !  accompli%$ au?or ( :i* sp>$ no pa9s 
9 ! collection  & collation ( su*       
docum5ts z mat]ially bore on !  subject1
 & su* z 7 9 8 "t accessible 9 ! ,briti%
  ,isl&s1 & on ! cont95t4 ,8 aim 0 to   
exhibit a fai?ful  picture ( ! doctr9e &
 practice ( ! anci5t ,iri% ,*ur*1  & to 
%[ its connection1 at all times1 ) !    
univ]sal  *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,?is he did z f>
 z x 0 !n 9 ! p[]  ( a great & zeal\s   
s*ol> to d4 ,b he felt1 & 8             
contempor>ies 7 by him taught to        
appreciate1 ! want ( a  famili> &       
critical k ( ! imm5se /ores ( ,celtic   
lore1 ! full magnitude & importance (   

:i* x has s9ce  tak5 m ?an ! av]age ( a 
g5]ation ( unprec$5t$ly  dilig5t rese>*1
 & ( unsurpass$ ability1 to asc]ta9 &   
make cle>4    ,soon aft] ! publication (
 ! really great "w ( ,dr4  ,lanigan--n[ 
altoge!r out ( pr9t--! fam\s ,ordnance  
,survey  ( ,irel& 0 fairly ent]$ ^u4 ,9 
its prosecution1 "s (  ! mo/ pr(\ndly   
le>n$ m5 ( ! c\ntry 7 employ$1  "u !    
sup]9t5d5ce ( ,colonel ,?omas ,a4 ,l>com
 & ,dr4  ,george ,petrie4 ,x 0 9        
connection ) ?is great national         
und]tak+ t ! k & skill ( ! lam5t$       
s*ol>s1 ,dr4 ,john ,o' ,donovan &       
,pr(essor ,eug5e ,o',curry1 7  fir/     
utiliz$ = ! public good4 ,!nce=w>d1 ) & 
)\t ! aid ( gov]nm5t1 ^! great m5 pu%$  
e>ne/ly1  en?usia/ically onw>d1 9 _!    
inve/igations into ! extant  mat]ials ( 
_! c\ntry's hi/ory2 rescu+ f oblivion & 
decay priceless memorials ( ! pa/1 9 e  
=m & %ape1  9 ,irel& & else:]e :i!r !y 7
 call$ ^u to ex]t  !mselves2 &          
classify+1 sy/ematiz+1 translat+1 edit+1
  annotat+1 & publi%+1 ) unremitt+      

indu/ry1 & )  m>vell\s p[] & tact1 until
 !y ceas$ f _! labors  = ev]1 & pass$   
h5ce to _! rew>d4 ,great1 inde$         
irrep>able1 0 ! loss :i* ! hi/ory &     
lit]ature (  ,irel& su/a9$ 9 _! dea?s4  
,)\t ! impetus giv5 to ! inve/igation ( 
! pa/ (  ,irel& by ! great1 s+le-h&$    
ent]prise ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4  ,lanigan1 x is
 que/ionable :e!r ! progress t 0 made 9 
! succe$+ ?irty ye>s c\ld possibly h be5
 a*iev$ 9  ! int]e/ ( ! hi/orical       
lit]ature ( ! nation4 ,)\t  ! help (    
,o',donovan & ,o',curry & ,petrie1 !    
race c\ld n  h _h plac$ )9 its rea* s   
vitally important a portion  ( t        
lit]ature z has be5 giv5 to ! public 9 a
  ?or\ghly s*ol>ly =m & /yle1 )9 ! pa/  
tw5ty-eight  ye>s1 by ! ,iri%           
,ar*aeological1 ,celtic1 ,ossianic1 &   
k9dr$  ar*aeological societies1 by      
,messrs4 ,hodges  ,smi?1 by ,mr4 ,james 
,duffy1 ( ,dubl91 & ?r\gh v>i\s o!r     
ag5cies4 ,)\t !  advantages result+ f _!
 labors1 we c\ld n h _h !  _m v able    
works on g5]al & special topics (       

national  hi/orical int]e/ :i*1 )9 our  
own recollection1 h  proce$$ f ! p5s (  
truly national writ]s4 ,)\t !  va/ /ores
 ( in=mation acquir$ by ,o',donovan &   
,o',curry  !mselves1 :ile prosecut+ _!  
fruitful /udies &  rese>*es1 ev5 ! ,iri%
 ,gramm> & ! magnific5t  v]sion ( !     
,annals ( ,irel& ( ! =m]1 & !  celebrat$
 ,lectures on ! ,manuscript ,mat]ials ( 
,anci5t  ,iri% ,hi/ory1 ! cr[n+ "w ( !  
latt]1 c\ld n  h be5 produc$ 9 our day &
 g5]ation4 ,& x is say+ no  m ?an is    
frankly av[$ by ! vigor\s writ] ( !     
,popul> ,illu/rat$ ,hi/ory ( ,irel&1 t1 
)\t !  b5efit ( ! light t has be5 ?r[n  
^u bygone times 9  ,irel&1 s9ce ,dr4    
,lanigan publi%$ 8 ,ecclesia/ical       
,hi/ory1 ?is late/ & be/ ( ! mod]n      
hi/ories (  ,irel& c\ld n h be5 prep>$ =
 publication1 & issu$  9 su* an         
appropriate /yle4    ,! "w be=e u1 = a  
copy ( :i* we are indebt$ to ,!         
,ca?olic ,publication ,society1 makes a 
h&some octavo volume (  ov] #fjj pages1 
divid$ into #cf *apt]s1 prefac$ by an   

admirably writt5 & v timely disquisition
 on ! ,iri% l&  & *ur* que/ions1 ! mo/  
vital que/ions ( re=m 9  ,irel& 9 our   
"t2 & supplem5t$ by a v full index4     
#heg  ,x is illu/rat$ by t5 full-page   
hi/orical engrav+s1 f  designs by ,mr4  
,h5ry ,doyle1 a wor?y son ( ! noble     
,iri%  ,ca?olic arti/1 ,ri*>d ,doyle1 :o
 refus$ to pro/itute 8  g5ius 9 !       
int]e/s ( ! assailants ( 8 *ur* ?r\gh  !
 columns ( ! ,london ,pun*2 & by ov] "o 
hundr$  v beautiful sket*es on wood ( ! 
sc5]y1 antiquities1  sites ( rem>kable  
ev5ts1 etc4 etc4 ,! illu/rations1       
woodcuts  & all1 are 9 ! v be/ /yle ( ! 
art :i* !y  repres5t4 ,mr4 ,doyle's     
contributions ( !mselves w\ld =m an     
attractive collection4 ,! emblematic    
title-page1 sugge/ive (  all t is gr& & 
noble 9 ! p]iod ( ! indep5d5ce (  !     
nation1 is an exquisite picture4 ,( r>e 
m]it1 likewise1 are  mo/ ( ! o!r designs
 furni%$ by ,mr4 ,doyle4 ,! ,emigrant's 
,f>ewell1 opposite page #ega1 is a      
tru?ful1 *>act]i/ic1 &  pa9fully        

sugge/ive sket*4    ,! n>rative itself  
is z f9e a specim5 ( compreh5sive       
analysis & cond5sation z we h any k (4  
,x  fai?fully reflects ! pres5t advanc$ 
/ate ( hi/orical  rese>* 9 & relat+ to !
 c\ntry4 ,x embodies all !  asc]ta9$    
facts ( ! hi/ory ( ,irel&4 ,! "* ( its  
e>ly inhabitants2 _! social1 civil1 &   
religi\s habits &  cu/oms2 _! m>tial1   
legal1 lit]>y1 &--noble/1 mo/  glori\s1 
mo/ endur+ ( all--_! mission>y triumphs2
 all  are accurately1 ?\gh succ9ctly1   
portray$4 ,! tragic eras (  ! hi/ory ( !
 nation1 f ! ,invasion to ! a*ievem5t  (
 ,ca?olic ,emancipation--m ?an #fej     
ye>s--are also limn$  9 vivid colors4   
,no available s\rce ( in=mation has be5 
unhe$$ by ! writ]1 :o seems to h n m]ely
 read1 b  /udi$ e>ne/ly1 e publi%$ "w ( 
value or int]e/1  d[n to ! v late/      
publication1 be>+ directly or           
indirectly on ! subject1 n ev5 except+ !
 drie/ & mo/  ab/ruse ( ! sev]al society
 tracts & monograms ( !  ar*aeologi/s4  
,! sket*es ( e>ly ,celtic lit]ature are 

wor?y ( ev5 ,o',donovan or ,o',curry1   
brief1 precise1 &  satisfactory4 ,! book
 is tru/wor?y 9 all its peculi>ities1   
em95tly s 9 its text & notes1 :i* are   
pres5t$ 9 a  cle>1 unaffect$1 b mo/     
int]e/+ /yle1 & ) a  consci5ti\sness :i*
 is n obtrusive1 b :i* is  recognizable 
9 e l9e ( ! writ]4    ,we h be5 s       
int]e/$ 9 ! details ( ! hi/ory1 & s     
delight$ by ! m purely n>rative p>ts1 t 
we f9d we  h m>k$ = citation sev]al     
peculi>ly /rik+ passages1  = :i* we h no
 room4 ,"o passage :i* we give w s]ve  z
 ! meete/ conclusion to our notice ( !  
"w2 z well z  to indicate ! _s ( !      
hi/ory1 & illu/rate !  fl[+1 artless1 & 
pa!tic /yle ( ! writ]4 ,9 treat+  ( !   
extant memorials ( ,/4 ,patrick1 x is   
?us beautifully  rem>k$3      ,"o pray] 
utt]$ by ,/4 ,patrick has be5 s+ul>ly   
fulfill$4 ',may my ,"l grant1' he       
exclaims1 't ,i may nev]    lose 8 p1   
:i* he has acquir$ 9 ! ends ( !    e>?4'
 ,f hill & dale1 f camp & cottage1 f    
plebeian & noble1 !re rang out a gr&    

',am54' ,! /ra9    0 caught by          
,secund9us & ,b5ignus1 by ,columba &    
,columbanus1 by ,brigid & ,br5dan4 ,x   
float$ away f    ,l9disf>ne & ,iona to  
,icel& & ,t>5tum4 ,x 0 he>d on    !     
sunny banks ( ! ,rh9e1 at ,antw]p &     
,cologne1 9    ,ox=d1 9 ,pavia1 & 9     
,p>is4 ,& /ill ! old e*o is    brea?+   
its holy pray] by ! prie/ :o toils 9    
cold &    /orm to ! '/ation' on !       
m\nta9-side1 f> f 8    humble home4 ,by 
! confessor :o sp5ds h\r aft] h\r1 9    
! heat ( summ] & ! cold ( w9t]1 absolv+ 
!    p5it5t *ildr5 ( ,patrick4 ,by !    
monk 9 8 cloi/]4 ,by    noble &         
true-he>t$ m51 fai?ful ?r\gh c5turies ( 
p]secution4 ,& l\dly & nobly1 ?\gh x be 
b fa9t to    human e>s1 is t e*o utt]$  
also by ! ag$ woman :o    lies d[n by ! 
wayside to die 9 ! fam9e ye>s1 because  
%e pref]s ! bread ( heav5 to ! bread (  
e>?1 & !    fai? taught by ,patrick to !
 tempt]'s gold4 ,by ! emigrant1    :o ) 
brok5 he>t bids a long f>ewell to ! de> 
isl&    home1 to ! old fa!r1 to !       

gray-hair$ "m1 because 8    adh]5ce to 8
 fai? t5ds n to fur!r 8 temporal        
int]e/s1 & he mu/ />ve or g beyond ! sea
 = bread4    ,?us1 ev] & ev]1 t e*o is  
gu%+ up into ! e> (    ,god1 & nev] w x 
cease until x %all h m]g$ into    !     
et]nal alleluia :i* ! (t5-m>tyr$ & ev]  
fai?ful    *ildr5 ( ! sa9t %all %\t )   
him 9 raptur\s voice    be=e ! ,et]nal  
,?rone4    ------------------    #heh   
,leg5ds ,( ,! ,w>s ,9 ,irel&4    ,by    
,rob]t ,dwy] ,joyce1 ,m4,d4    #a vol4  
#abmo1 pp4 #ceb4    ,bo/on3 ,james      
,campbell4 #ahfh4    ,?is h&some little 
volume is1 we believe1 ! fir/           
contribution ( ,dr4 ,joyce to           
,iri%-,am]ican lit]ature s9ce 8  arrival
 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we h read sev]al ( 8    
sket*es1  ye>s ago1 9 ! ,iri%           
p]iodicals1 & "o ( !m1 !  ,build+ (     
,m\rne1 appe>$ 9 "o ( ! fir/ numb]s (   
?is magaz9e4    ,! /ories ,dr4 ,joyce   
has collat$ 9 ?is volume are told 9 an  
easy1 racy /yle1 & make pleasant read+ =
 a w9t]'s  ev5+4 ,!y please u bett] ?an 

! majority ( ! sket*es  & /ories ab\t   
,irel& :i* h frequ5tly appe>$ "h &  9   
,engl&1 z !y are1 ) a few exceptions1   
free f t  exagg]ation ( plot & detail   
:i* take away ! moral effect  ( too _m (
 ! s-call$ leg5ds4 ,! book conta9s !    
foll[+ /ories3    ,a ,bat* ( ,leg5ds2   
,! ,ma/] ( ,lisf9ry2    ,! ,fair ,maid (
 ,kill>ney2    ,an ,eye = an ,eye2    ,!
 ,rose ( ,drimmagh2    ,! ,h\se (       
,lisbloom2    ,! ,:ite ,knight's        
,pres5t2    ,! ,fir/ & ,la/ ,lords (    
,firmoy1    ,! ,*ase f ! ,ho/el2    ,!  
,:ite?orn ,tree2    ,! ,:ite ,lady (    
,basna2    ,! ,bridal ,r+2    ,! ,little
 ,battle ( ,bottle ,hill4    ---------  
,v]ses ,on ,v>i\s ,occasions4    ,by    
,john ,h5ry ,newman1 ,d4,d4    ,london3 
,burns1 ,gates  ,co4    ,= sale at !    
,ca?olic ,publication ,h\se4    ,dr4    
,newman has conf]r$ a long-expect$ favor
 ^u _m fri5ds  9 ! collection &         
publication ( 8 poems "u ! pres5t  =m4  
,^? :o h kn[n & honor$ 8 c\rse w        
appreciate  ! ?\ghtfulness :i* prompt$  

him to subjo9 ! dates (  _! composition1
 z also ! names ( places :]e !y 7       
writt54 ,to su* also ^? poems w1 (      
c\rse1 be ( !  great] int]e/1 :i* are1 9
 fact1 ! sighs ( 8 tr\bl$  he>t z ,god  
l$ him /ep by /ep t[>d ! *ur*4 ,^! 7    
compos$ betwe5 #ahcj & #ahcc1 & make up 
a l>ge "p ( !  volume4 ,9 ! ,apologia we
 get an insight into ! trials  ( 8 m9d1 
z he fai?fully held fa/ to tru?1 & f\ght
 =  x1 ev5 aga9/ 8 own1 = consci5ce'    
sake4 ,"h we look into  8 he>t1 &       
witness ! communion ( 8 _s ) ,god4 ,dr4 
,newman _h _m to d\bt ! s9c]ity ( 8     
c\rse1 ! purity  ( 8 motives1 & !       
s+l5ess ( 8 purpose4 ,:o c read  ^!     
spok5 ?\ghts1 spok5 r to ,god ?an to    
man1 &  d\bt him /ill8 ,we _c refra9 f  
transcrib+ "o already  well kn[n1 :i* is
 rem>kable = ! expression x conveys (  !
 deep emotions ( 8 s\l at a "t :5 8 m9d 
0 torn  ) anxi\s d\bt conc]n+ ! tru? (  
,anglicanism4 ,he felt1  z mo/ conv]ts  
feel 9 _! j\rney to ! ,home ( ,fai? &   
,tru?1 t !y are on ! way to a promis$   

l&1 l$ by !  cl\d ( desolation t ,god   
raises 9 ! des]t1 & yet "k  n :]e t     
,home is nor ( :at sort or fa%ion+ x may
 be4  ,! poem we allude to is entitl$1  
,,! ,,pill> ,,( ,,! ,,cl\d4      ,lead1 
,k9dly ,light1 amid ! encircl+ gloom1   
,lead ?\ me on6     ,! night is d>k1 &  
,i am f> f home--          ,lead ?\ me  
on6     ,keep ?\ my feet2 ,i d n ask to 
see     ,! di/ant sc5e--"o /ep en\gh =  
me4      ,i 0 n ev] ?us1 nor pray$ t ?\ 
,%\ld/ lead me on1     ,i lov$ to *oose 
& see my pa?2 b n[          ,lead ?\ me 
on6     ,i lov$ ! g>i% day1 &1 spite (  
fe>s1     ,pride rul$ my w2 rememb] n   
pa/ ye>s4      ,s long ?y p[] ha? ble/  
me1 sure x /ill          ,w lead me on1 
,o'er moor & f51 o'er crag & torr5t1    
till          ,! night is gone3     ,& )
 ! morn ^? angel faces smile     ,:i* ,i
 h lov$ long s9ce & lo/ a:ile4    ,we   
?9k "s "o has said--& if n1 we say x    
ourselves--t  ! next difficult ?+ to    
writ+ a book is to give x a "n4  ,:at e 
"o has n fail$ to notice1 :o is         

conv]sant )  ! s]mons ( ,dr4 ,newman1 we
 f9d equally true ( ^! poems1  !        
felicity ( 8 *oice ( titles4  #hei  ,x  
is ! t\* ( g5ius2 & we v5ture to ass]t t
 ,dr4  ,newman excels 9 ?is all liv+    
writ]s4 ,!re is no evid5ce  t ^! ,v]ses 
7 writt5 or are publi%$ n[ = poetic     
fame1 & yet no "o c help b accord to !m 
! praise due  to poetry ( a high ord] ( 
m]it2 reveal+ at ! same "t1  z !y d1 :at
 a great deal ( true poetry does n & ne$
  n necess>ily %[1 ! m9d ( ! s*ol> & ( !
 ma/]  ( language4 ,! volume closes ) ! 
rem>kable poem entitl$1  ,! ,dream (    
,g]ontius1 :i* our read]s h already     
enjoy$  f ! pages ( ,! ,ca?olic ,_w4    
---------      ,! ,bless$ ,eu*>i/ ,our  
,greate/ ,treasure4    ,by ,mi*ael      
,mll]1    ,prie/ ( ! ,congregation ( !  
,mo/ ,holy ,r$eem]4    ,baltimore3      
,kelly  ,piet4    ,?is "w is writt5 9   
pla9 & unaffect$ /yle to promote !      
noble/1 be/1 & mo/ useful ( objects1 !  
devotion to our  ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ pres5t
 9 ! ,mo/ ,holy ,sacram5t ( !  alt>4    

,ca?olics are taught & believe ?is great
 my/]y (  love2 b _m1 ?\gh !y believe1 d
 n seem to realize  suffici5tly :at x is
 !y believe4 ,!y h n ?\ght mu*  ^u x4   
,!y h1 n p5etrat$ its dep?s4 ,_! k is   
sup]ficial1 & _! devotion consequ5tly is
 cold4 ,& ?is  = _m reasons is          
p>ticul>ly ! case 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"h  we 
h imm5se congregations & few prie/s1 &  
!y load$  d[n ) ! build+ ( *ur*es1 & a  
v>iety ( "w :i*  has be5 already done 9 
o!r c\ntries4 ,! p (t5 are  ei!r out (  
rea* ( ! *ur*1 or /ruggl+ = ! means (   
liv+1 & !re=e h gr[n c>eless1 & fail$ to
 receive  ! in/ruction :i* !y require4  
,h5ce !re is ne$1 &  great ne$1 ( all ! 
means ( in/ruction :i* c be br\ght  to  
be>1 & good books on ! gr& doctr9es (   
religion are  calculat$ to d an         
incalculable am\nt ( good4 ,?is book (  
,fa!r ,mll]'s is int5d$ to supply mu*   
ne$$ in/ruction on  ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t1
 & we hope x w receive an ext5sive      
circulation4 ,9 read+ x1 we are rem9d$ (
 ! ,visits to  ! ,bless$ ,sacram5t by   

,sa9t ,alphonsus1 :i* h be5 s           
acceptable & useful ?r\gh\t ! :ole *ur*1
 & we d n  d\bt _m s\ls w d]ive great   
edification & pleasure f  its p]usal4   
-------------      ,! ,cromwellian      
,settlem5t ,( ,irel&4    ,by ,john ,p4  
,pr5d]ga/1 ,esq4 ,) ?ree maps4    #a    
vol4 pp4 #bbh4    ,new ,york3 ,p4 ,m4   
,hav]ty4 #ahfh4    ,?is is ! mo/ ?or\gh 
expos ( ! :olesale plund]  & robb]y ( ! 
un=tunate ,iri% by ! ,engli% soldi]s  "u
 ,cromwell yet publi%$4 ,x quotes !     
docum5ts by !  au?ority ( :i* ! l& 0    
tak5 f its rightful own]s1  & p>cell$   
out to ! jail-birds ( ! protector4      
,mr4 ,pr5d]ga/ is a ,dubl9 lawy]4 ,he 0 
9 ! circuit 9 !  c\nties ( ,wickl[1     
,wex=d1 ,wat]=d1 ,kilk5ny1 & ,tipp]>y  =
 t5 ye>s1 :5 he receiv$ a commission to 
make p$igree  rese>*es 9 ! latt] c\nty4 
,8 se>* = docum5ts  relat+ to ,irel& 0 n
 conf9$ to t c\ntry alone4 ,he  visit$  
,engl&1 & exam9$ ! ext5sive ,iri%       
docum5ts 9  ! libr>ies !re4 ,b1 he tells
 u1 x 0 9 ! ca/le (  ,dubl9 he f\nd !   

mo/ important ones4 ,^!1 along )        
extracts f o!rs1 f\nd else:]e1 make up 8
 book4 ,x is  full ( hi/orical mat]ials 
on ! confiscation ( ,irel&1  nev] be=e  
publi%$1 :i* make x an important "w to  
be  /udi$ by e /ud5t 9 ,iri% hi/ory4 ,x 
?r[s a flood (  light on ! mann] 9 :i* !
 ,iri% 7 robb$1 exil$1  murd]$1 & = no  
o!r purpose b to get _! prop]ty =  !    
invad]s4 ,x tells a sad & sick5+ /ory ( 
wrong &  outrage1 unkn[n 9 ! hi/ory (   
any o!r c\ntry 9 ,europe1  mu* ( :i* has
 be5 kept hidd51 because ! guilty p>ties
  did n wi% su* ?+s %\ld see ! light4 ,b
 tru?1 l  murd]1 w out1 & ,mr4          
,pr5d]ga/1 :o1 x is well to  obs]ve1 is 
n a ,ca?olic1 has done a good s]vice to 
! cause  ( tru?1 9 ! volume be=e u4     
-----------    #hfj      ,manual ,(     
,physical ,ex]cises4    ,by ,william    
,wood4    ,) "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five     
illu/rations4    ,new ,york3 ,h>p]      
,bro!rs4 #ahfg4    ,t physical education
 is absolutely necess>y to a full &     
p]fect developm5t ( ! intellectual      

faculties1 is n[  univ]sally conc$$4 ,9 
?is connection1 !re=e1 we h b  to add t 
! manual n[ be=e u gives1 9 simple      
phrase1  aid$ by1 num]\s appropriate    
illu/rations1 a va/ am\nt (  in=mation  
by :i* our heal? may be pres]v$1 our    
/r5g?  increas$1 our m5tal p[]s z a     
consequ5ce improv$1 &  !re=e1 n only our
 individual com=t promot$1 b our  g5]al 
usefulness z memb]s ( ! body politic v  
mat]ially  enhanc$4    -----------      
,lives ,( ,! ,que5s ,( ,engl&1 ,f ,!    
,norman ,conque/4    ,by ,agnes         
,/rickl&1 au?or (    ,lives ( ! ,que5s (
 ,engl&4    ,abridg$ by ! au?or4        
,revis$ & edit$ by ,c>ol9e ,g4 ,p>k]4   
,new ,york3 ,h>p]  ,bro!rs4 #ahfg4      
,?is excell5t abridgm5t pres5ts u ) a   
s]ies (  p5-portraits1 /rik+ly &        
imp>tially depict$1 ( ! ,que5s  (       
,engl&1 f ,matilda ( ,fl&]s1 wife (     
,william !  ,conqu]or1 to ! pres5t      
que5-regnant1 ,victoria4 ,:ile giv+1  9 
a modifi$ =m1 ! m delicate facts ( _!   
hi/ory1 x  c>efully reta9s all t is     

ess5tial to a complete k  ( _! lives1   
public & dome/ic1 _! political triumphs 
&  rev]ses1 _! private joys & sorr[s4   
-------------      ,home ,fairy ,tales4 
,by ,jean ,mac4    ,translat$ by ,m>y   
,l4 ,boo?4    ,) ,engrav+s4    ,new     
,york3 ,h>p]  ,bro!rs4 #ahfh4    ,9 its 
illu/rations1 b9d+1 & typographical     
excell5ce1 ?is  volume ranks fir/ among/
 ! _m :i*1 dur+ ! holiday  season j     
pass$1 h attract$ ! favorable reg>d ( ! 
ris+ g5]ation4 ,b1 :ile *e]fully accord+
 ?is me$ (  praise to ! ,messrs4 ,h>p]1 
& no less ackn[l$g+ ! m]it  ( ,miss     
,boo?'s translation1 a vivid remembrance
 ( :at be/  pleas$ ourselves1 9 days    
gone by1 compels u to add1 t ^!  tales1 
unlike _m o!rs we might enum]ate1 w nev]
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---------      ,! ,lov]s' ,diction>y4   
,a ,poetical ,treasury ( ,lov]s'        
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( ,cromwell1 by ,miss ,caddell2    ,may 
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