,transcrib]'s ,notes ,?is e-text is bas$ on #8,! ,e?ics ( ,diet1' f #ahhc4 ,inconsi/5t & uncommon spell+ & hyph5ation h be5 reta9$2 punctuation & typographical errors h be5 correct$4 ,quotations1 p>ticul>ly 9 languages o!r ?an ,engli%1 h n be5 *ang$4 ,"s footnote an*ors are miss+ 9 ! orig9al text4 ,!y h be5 re/or$ 9 ! position :]e !y make s5se on ! page 9 "q4 ,! succession ( *apt] titles 9 ! table ( cont5ts has be5 re>rang$ = *apt]s ,,xliii4-,,xlvii4 to mat* ! ord] ( *apt]s pr9t$ 9 ! text4 ,nei!r ! au?or ,l\is ,lm]y1 ref]r$ to 9 ! index1 nor any ( 8 works c\ld be locat$ 9 ! text2 ! ref]5ce has be5 reta9$1 ?\gh4 ,passages 9 italics h be5 surr\nd$ by und]scores2 small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,upp]case ,,lett]s4 ,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,diet4 ,a ,cat5a ,,( ,,au?orities ,,deprecatory ,,( ,,! ,,practice ,,( ,,fle%-,,eat+4 ,,by ,,h[>d ,,williams1 ,m4,a4 8,man by ,nature 0 nev] made to be a c>nivor\s animal1 nor is he arm$ at all = prey & rap9e40 --,ray4 8,hommes1 soyez huma9s6 c'e/ votre premi] devoir4 ,quelle sagesse y-a-t-il p\r v\s hors de l'humanit80 --,r\sseau4 8,d] ,m5s* i/ 0 er is/40 --,g]man ,prov]b4 ,,london3 ,f4 ,,pitman1 #bj1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[2 ,,john ,,heywool1 #aa1 ,,pat]no/] ,,build+s1 ,,man*e/]3 ,,john ,,heywood1 ,,deansgate ,,& ,,ridgefield4 #ahhc4 ,all ,rights ,res]v$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page4 ,preface i4-vi4 ,i4 ,hesiod #a ,,ii4 ,py?agoras #d ,,iii4 ,plato #ab ,,iv4 ,ovid #bc ,v4 ,s5eca #bg ,,vi4 ,plut>* #da ,,vii4 ,t]tullian #ea ,,viii4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria #ef ,,ix4 ,porphyry #fc ,x4 ,*ryso/om #gf ,,xi4 ,corn>o #hc ,,xii4 ,?omas ,m #ij ,,xiii4 ,montaigne #id ,,xiv4 ,gass5di #ajj ,,xv4 ,ray #ajf ,,xvi4 ,evelyn #ajg ,,xvii4 ,m&eville #aac ,,xviii4 ,gay #aae ,,xix4 ,*eyne #abj ,,xx4 ,pope #abh ,,xxi4 ,?omson #acd ,,xxii4 ,h>tley #ach ,,xxiii4 ,*e/]field #aci ,,xxiv4 ,voltaire #ada ,,xxv4 ,hall] #aef ,,xxvi4 ,coc*i #aeg ,,xxvii4 ,r\sseau #aei ,,xxviii4 ,l9n #afd ,,xxix4 ,buffon #aff ,,xxx4 ,hawkeswor? #afh ,,xxxi4 ,paley #afi ,,xxxii4 ,/4 ,pi]re #agc ,,xxxiii4 ,oswald #agi ,,xxxiv4 ,hufel& #ahd ,,xxxv4 ,ritson #ahe ,,xxxvi4 ,ni*olson #aij ,,xxxvii4 ,ab]ne?y #aif ,,xxxviii4 ,lambe #aih ,,xxxix4 ,newton #bje ,,xl4 ,glezs #bjh ,,xli4 ,%elley #bah ,,xlii4 ,phillips #bce ,,xliii4 ,lam>t9e #bde ,,xliv4 ,mi*elet #beb ,,xlv4 ,c[h]d #beh ,,xlvi4 ,metcalfe #bfj ,,xlvii4 ,graham #bfd ,,xlviii4 ,/ruve #bga ,,xlix4 ,daum] #bhb ,l4 ,s*op5hau] #bhf ,,app5dix4 ,i4 ,hesiod #bic ,,ii4 ,! ,gold5 ,v]ses #bid ,,iii4 ,! ,buddhi/ ,canon #bie ,,iv4 ,ovid #bii ,v4 ,musonius #cjc ,,vi4 ,lessio #cje ,,vii4 ,c[ley #cjh ,,viii4 ,tryon #cji ,,ix4 ,hecquet #cad ,x4 ,pope #cah ,,xi4 ,*e/]field #cbj ,,xii4 ,j5yns #cbb ,,xiii4 ,pressav9 #cbd ,,xiv4 ,s*ill] #cbf ,,xv4 ,b5?am #cbg ,,xvi4 ,s9clair #cbi ,,xvii4 ,byron #cca ,,preface4 ,at ! pres5t day1 9 all p>ts ( ! civilis$ _w1 ! once or?odox practices ( cannibalism & human sacrifice univ]sally are reg>d$ ) a/oni%m5t & horror4 ,! hi/ory ( human developm5t 9 ! pa/1 & ! sl[ b sure progressive movem5ts 9 ! pres5t "t1 make x absolutely c]ta9 t1 ) ! same a/oni%m5t & horror w ! n[ prevail+ habits ( liv+ by ! slaught] & suff]+ ( ! inf]ior species--habits diff]5t 9 degree r ?an 9 k9d f ! old-_w b>b>ism--be reg>d$ by an age m enlight5$ & m ref9$ ?an ours4 ,( su* c]ta9ty no "o1 ^: beau idal ( civilisation is n a ,/ate cr[d$ ) jails1 p5it5ti>ies1 re=matories1 & asylums1 & :o does n measure ,progress by ! impos+ b delusive /&>d ( an o/5tati\s ,mat]ialism--by ! /ati/ics ( comm]ce1 by ! am\nt ( weal? accumulat$ 9 ! h&s ( a small "p ( ! community1 by ! increase ( populations :i* are ma9ly recruit$ f ! impov]i%$ classes1 by ! numb] & popul>ity ( *ur*es & *apels1 or ev5 by ! numb] ( s*ool build+s & lecture halls1 or ! numb] & v>iety ( *>itable in/itutions ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry--w pret5d to h any reasonable d\bt4 ,9 se>*+ ! records ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury--! m9utes & proce$+s ( innum]able le>n$ & sci5tific societies1 especially ^? ( ,social & ,sanit>y ,sci5ce ,congresses--our m enlight5$ desc5dants 7let u suppose1 ( ! #bjja/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era71 x is equally impossible to d\bt1 w obs]ve ) amazem5t t1 amid all ! immeasurable talk+ & writ+ ^u social & moral sci5ce1 !re is discov]able little or no trace ( s]i\s inquiry 9 reg>d to a subject :i* ! m ?\ghtful ,few1 9 all times1 h agre$ 9 plac+ at ! v f\ndation ( all public or private well-be+4 ,nor1 probably1 w ! a/oni%m5t dim9i% :51 fur!r1 x is f\nd t1 amid all ! va/ mass ( !ologico-religi\s publications1 p]iodical or o!r 7suppos+1 inde$1 any consid]able proportion ( !m to survive to t age71 no consci\sness appe>$ to exi/ ( ! reality ( su* virtues z ,human5ess & ,univ]sal ,compassion1 or ( any obligation ^u ! writ]s to exhibit !m to ! s]i\s consid]ation ( ! _w3 & ?is1 not)/&+ ! contempor>y exi/5ce ( a long-e/abli%$ association ( humanit>ian re=m]s :o1 ?\gh few 9 numb]1 & n 9 ! position ( dignity & p[] :i* compels ! att5tion ( mank9d1 none ! less by e means at _! disposal--^u ! plat=m & 9 ! press1 by pamphlets & treatises appeal+ at once to physical sci5ce1 to reason1 to consci5ce1 to ! au?ority ( ! mo/ e>ne/ ?9k]s1 to ! logic ( facts--_h be5 prote/+ aga9/ ! cruel b>b>isms1 ! crim9al wa/e1 & ! demoralis+ influ5ces ( ,but*]y2 & demon/rat+ by _! own example1 & by t ( va/ numb]s ( p]sons 9 ! mo/ diff]5t p>ts ( ! globe1 ! entire practicability ( ,humane ,liv+4 ,:51 fur!r1 x is reveal$ 9 ! popul> lit]ature1 z well z 9 ! sci5tific books & j\rnals ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury1 t ! innoc5t victims ( ! luxuri\s gluttony ( ! ri*] classes 9 all communities1 subject$ z !y 7 to e conceivable k9d ( brutal atrocity1 7 yet1 by ! sci5ce ( ! "t1 ackn[l$g$1 )\t controv]sy1 to be be+s ess5tially ( ! same physical & m5tal organisation ) _! human dev\r]s2 to be z susceptible to physical suff]+ & pa9 z !y2 to be end[$--at all ev5ts1 a v l>ge proportion ( !m--) reason+ & m5tal faculties 9 v high degrees1 & f> f de/itute ( moral p]ceptions1 ! amazem5t may well be conjectur$ to give way to incr$ulity1 t su* k & su* practices c\ld possibly co-exi/4 ,t ! outw>d signs ( all ?is gross b>b>ism--! entire or mangl$ bodies ( ! victims ( ! ,table--7 accu/om$ to be put up = public exhibition 9 e /reet & ?or\ghf>e1 )\t manife/ations ( disgu/ or abhorr5ce f ! pass]s-by--ev5 f ^? pret5d+ to mo/ culture or fa%ion--su* outw>d pro(s ( extraord9>y ins5sibility on ! "p ( all classes to f9] feel+ may1 nev]!less1 sc>cely provoke s mu* a/oni%m5t f an enlight5$ po/]ity z ! fact t e public ga!r+ ( ! gov]nors or civil dignit>ies ( ! c\ntry2 e celebration ( ecclesia/ical or religi\s fe/ivals appe>$ to be made ! special occasion ( ! sacrifice & suff]+ ( a great] numb] & v>iety ?an usual ( _! h>mless fell[-be+s2 & all ?is (t5 9 ! ne> neighb\rhood ( />v+ ?\s&s1 />v+ f want ( ! m]e/ necess>ies ( life4 ,happily1 h[ev]1 !re w be visible to ! philosoph] ( ! ,future signs ( ! dawn ( ! bett] day 9 ?is la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,he w f9d1 9 ! mid/ ( ! g5]al b>b>ism ( life1 & 9 spite ( ! prevail+ indiff]5tism & infidelity to tru?1 t !re 0 a gradually increas+ numb] ( diss5t]s & prote/]s2 t already1 at ! beg9n+ ( t p]iod1 !re 7 associations ( diet>y re=m]s--(f%oots f ! ,engli% p>5t society1 f\nd$ 9 #ahdg--successively e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica1 9 ,g]many1 9 ,switz]l&1 9 ,france1 &1 f9ally1 9 ,italy2 small inde$ 9 numb]s1 b /r5u\s 9 ef=ts to spread _! pr9ciples & practice2 t 9 "s ( ! l>g] cities1 bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 !re _h also be5 set on foot ,re=m$ ,re/aurants1 :i* suppli$ to consid]able numb]s ( p]sons at once bett] food & bett] k4 ,if ! tru? or importance ( any ,pr9ciple or ,feel+ is to be measur$1 n by its popul>ity1 inde$--n by ! quod ab omnibus--b by ! ext5t ( its recognition by ! mo/ ref9$ & ! mo/ e>ne/ ?9k]s 9 all ! mo/ enlight5$ times--by ! quod a sapi5tibus--! value ( no pr9ciple has bett] be5 e/abli%$ ?an t :i* insi/s ^u ! vital importance ( a radical re=m 9 ,diet4 ,! numb] ( ! prote/]s aga9/ ! b>b>ism ( human liv+ :o1 at v>i\s p]iods 9 ! kn[n hi/ory ( our _w1 h m or less /rongly d5\nc$ x1 is a fact :i* _c fail to arre/ ! att5tion ( ! mo/ sup]ficial inquir]4 ,b a /ill m /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ?is l>ge body ( prote/ation is ! v>iety ( ! witnesses4 ,gautama ,buddha & ,py?agoras1 ,plato & ,epikurus1 ,s5eca & ,ovid1 ,plut>* & ,clem5t 7( ,alex&ria71 ,porphyry & ,*ryso/om1 ,gass5di & ,m&eville1 ,milton & ,evelyn1 ,newton & ,pope1 ,ray & ,l9n1 ,tryon & ,hecquet1 ,coc*i & ,*eyne1 ,?omson & ,h>tley1 ,*e/]field & ,ritson1 ,voltaire & ,sw$5borg1 ,wesley & ,r\sseau1 ,frankl9 & ,h[>d1 ,lambe & ,pressav91 ,%elley & ,byron1 ,hufel& & ,graham1 ,glezs & ,phillips1 ,lam>t9e & ,mi*elet1 ,daum] & ,/ruve--su* are "s ( ! m or less fam\s1 or m]itori\s1 names 9 ! ,pa/ to be f\nd among ! prophets ( ,re=m$ ,dietetics1 :o1 9 v>i\s degrees ( abhorr5ce1 h %runk f ! rgime ( blood4 ,( _m ( ^? :o h revolt$ f x1 x may almo/ be said t !y revolt$ 9 spite ( !mselves--9 spite1 t is to say1 ( ! mo/ *]i%$ prejudices1 traditions1 & sophisms ( ,education4 ,if we seek ! hi/orical orig9 ( anti-kreophagi/ philosophy1 x is to ! ,py?agorean ,s*ool1 9 ! lat] developm5t ( ! ,platonic philosophy especially1 t ! we/]n _w is indebt$ = ! fir/ sy/ematic enunciation ( ! pr9ciple1 & inculcation ( ! practice1 ( anti-mat]iali/ic liv+--! fir/ hi/orical prote/ aga9/ ! practical mat]ialism ( e-day eat+ & dr9k+4 ,h[ ,*ri/ianity1 :i*1 9 its fir/ orig91 owes s mu* to1 & 0 s deeply imbu$ )1 on ! "o h&1 ,ess5ian1 &1 on ! o!r1 ,platonic pr9ciples1 to ! incalculable loss ( all ! succe$+ ages1 has fail$ to propagate & develope ?is true & vital spiritualism--9 spite1 too1 ( ! convictions ( "s ( its e>lie/ & be/ expon5ts1 an ,orig5 or ,clem5s1 seems to be expla9$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by ! ho/ility ( ! triumphant & or?odox ,*ur* to ! 8,gno/ic0 elem5t :i*1 9 its v>i\s %apes1 long pr$om9at$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 & :i* at "o "t seem$ de/9$ to be ! rul+ s5tim5t 9 ! ,*ur*2 &1 secondly1 by ! natural gr[? ( mat]iali/ic pr9ciples & practice 9 proportion to ! gr[? ( ecclesia/ical weal? & p[]2 =1 al?\gh ! virtues ( 8asceticism10 d]iv$ f ,ess5ism & ,platonism1 obta9$ a high reputation 9 ! or?odox ,*ur*1 !y 7 relegat$ & appropriat$ to ! ecclesia/ical ord] 7!oretically at lea/71 or r to c]ta9 dep>tm5ts ( x4 ,su* 0 :at may be t]m$ ! sect>ian cause ( ?is fatal ab&onm5t ( ! m spiritual elem5ts ( ! new ,fai?1 op]at+ 9 conjunction ) ! corrupt+ influ5ces ( weal? & p[]4 ,z reg>ds ! humanit>ian reason ( anti-mat]iali/ic liv+1 ! failure & seem+ incapacity ( ,*ri/ianity to recognise ?is1 ! mo/ significant ( all ! und]ly+ pr9ciples ( re=mation 9 ,diet--! cause is n f> to seek4 ,x lay1 ess5tially1 9 ! 7!oretical7 depreciation (1 & contempt =1 pres5t z comp>$ ) future exi/5ce4 ,all ! fatal consequ5ce ( ?is !oretical tea*+ 7:i* yet has _h no ext5sive influ5ce1 ev5 9 ! way x might h be5 suppos$ to act b5eficially71 9 reg>d to ! /atus & rights ( ! non-human species1 has be5 well indicat$ by a di/+ui%$ au?ority4 8,x %\ld seem10 writes ,dr4 ,arnold1 8z if ! primitive ,*ri/ians1 by lay+ s mu* /ress ^u a future life1 & plac+ ! l[] be+s out ( ! pale ( hope ( ext5d$ exi/5ce1 plac$ !m at ! same "t out ( ! pale ( sympa?y1 & ?us laid ! f\ndation = ?is utt] disreg>d ( o!r animals 9 ! light ( our fell[-be+s4 ,_! def9ition ( ,virtue 0 ! same z t ( ,paley--t x 0 good p]=m$ = ! sake ( ensur+ ev]la/+ happ9ess2 :i*1 ( c\rse1 exclud$ all ! s-call$ brute creatures40#a ,h5ce x comes ab\t t ,humanit>ianism &1 9 p>ticul>1 ,humane ,dietetics1 f9ds no place :atev] 9 ! religionism or pseudo-philosophy ( ! :ole ( ! ages di/+ui%$ z ! ,m$ival--t is to say1 f ab\t ! fif? or six? to ! sixte5? c5tury--&1 9 fact1 !re exi/$ n only a negative indiff]5tism1 b ev5 a positive t5d5cy t[>ds ! /ill fur!r depreciation & debasem5t ( ! extra-human races1 ( :i* ! great doctor ( m$ival !ology1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as 79 8 fam\s ,summa ,totius ,!ologi--! /&>d text book ( ! or?odox *ur*71 is especially ! expon5t4 ,aft] ! revival ( reason & le>n+ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 to ,montaigne1 :o1 foll[+ ,plut>* & ,porphyry1 reass]t$ ! rights ( ! non-human species 9 g5]al2 & to ,gass5di1 :o reass]t$ ! "r ( innoc5t be+s to life1 9 p>ticul>1 among philosoph]s1 belongs ! supreme m]it ( be+ ! fir/ to dispel ! long-dom9ant prejudices1 ignorance1 & selfi%ness ( ! common-place tea*]s ( ,morals & ,religion4 ,= or?odox ,prote/antism1 9 spite ( its high-s\nd+ "n1 s f> at lea/ z its !ology is conc]n$1 has done little 9 prote/+ aga9/ ! infr+em5t ( ! moral rights ( ! mo/ helpless & ! mo/ h>mless ( all ! memb]s ( ! great commonweal? ( ,liv+ ,be+s4 ,! pr9ciples ( ,diet>y ,re=m are widely & deeply f\nd$ ^u ! tea*+ ( 7#a7 ,comp>ative ,anatomy & ,physiology2 7#b7 ,human5ess1 9 ! two-fold mean+ ( ,ref9em5t ( ,liv+1 & ( :at is commonly call$ 8,humanity20 7#c7 ,national ,economy2 7#d7 ,social ,re=m2 7#e7 ,dome/ic & ,individual ,economy2 7#f7 ,hygi5ic ,philosophy1 all ( :i* are amply display$ 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,v>i\s m9ds are v>i\sly affect$ by ! same argum5ts1 & ! =ce ( ea* sep>ate "o w appe> to be ( diff]5t weight accord+ to ! special bias ( ! inquir]4 ,! accumulat$ weight ( all1 = ^? :o are able to =m a calm & imp>tial judgm5t1 _c b cause ! subject to appe> "o :i* dem&s & requires ! mo/ s]i\s att5tion4 ,to ! pres5t writ]1 ! humanit>ian argum5t appe>s to be ( d\ble weight2 = x is f\nd$ ^u ! irrefragable pr9ciples ( ,ju/ice & ,compassion--univ]sal ,ju/ice & univ]sal ,compassion--! two pr9ciples mo/ ess5tial 9 any sy/em ( e?ics wor?y ( ! "n4 ,t ?is argum5t seems to h s limit$ an influ5ce--ev5 ) p]sons o!rwise humanely dispos$1 & ( f9] feel+ 9 respect to _! own1 &1 also1 9 a g5]al way1 to o!r species--c be attribut$ only to ! dead5+ p[] ( cu/om & habit1 ( traditional prejudice1 & educational bias4 ,if !y c\ld be br\ght to reflect ^u ! simple e?ics ( ! "q1 dive/+ _! m9ds ( ^! di/ort+ m$ia1 x mu/ appe> 9 a light v diff]5t f t 9 :i* !y accu/om !mselves to consid] x4 ,?is subject1 h[ev]1 has be5 abundantly insi/$ ^u ) eloqu5ce & ability mu* great] ?an ! pres5t writ] has any pret5sions to4 ,x is necess>y to add "h1 ^u ?is p>ticul> bran* ( ! subject1 only "o or two obs]vations4 ,! popul> objections to ! disuse ( ! fle%-diet may be classifi$ "u ! two heads ( fallacies & subt]fuges4 ,n a few c&id inquir]s1 d\btless1 !re are :o s9c]ely allege c]ta9 speci\s objections to ! humanit>ian argum5t1 :i* h a consid]able am\nt ( app>5t =ce2 & ^! fallacies seem alone to des]ve a s]i\s exam9ation4 ,9 ! g5]al con/itution ( life on our globe1 suff]+ & slaught]1 x is object$1 are ! normal & con/ant condition ( ?+s--! /rong rel5tlessly & cruelly prey+ ^u ! weak 9 endless succession--&1 x is ask$1 :y1 !n1 %\ld ! human species =m an exception to ! g5]al rule1 & hopelessly fight aga9/ ,nature8 ,to ?is x is to be repli$1 fir/3 t1 al?\gh1 too c]ta9ly1 an unceas+ & cruel int]nec9e w>f>e has be5 wag$ ^u ?is atomic globe ( ours f ! fir/ orig9 ( ,life until n[1 yet1 app>5tly1 !re has be5 go+ on a sl[1 b n unc]ta91 progress t[>ds ! ultimate elim9ation ( ! cruell] ph5om5a ( ,life2 t1 if ! c>nivora =m a v l>ge proportion ( ,liv+ ,be+s1 yet ! non-c>nivora are 9 ! majority2 &1 la/ly1 :at is /ill m to ! purpose1 t ,man1 mo/ evid5tly1 by 8 orig9 & physical organisation1 belongs n to ! =m] b to ! latt]2 besides & beyond :i*1 t 9 proportion z he boa/s himself--& z he is se5 at 8 be/ 7& only s f>7 he boa/s himself ) ju/ness--to be ! highe/ ( all ! gradually asc5d+ & co-ord9at$ s]ies ( ,liv+ ,be+s1 s is he1 9 t proportion1 b\nd to prove 8 "r to ! supreme place & p[]1 & 8 ass]t$ claims to moral z well z m5tal sup]iority1 by 8 conduct4 ,9 brief1 9 s f> only z he proves himself to be ! b5efic5t rul] & pacificator--& n ! selfi% ,tyrant--( ! _w1 c he h any j title to ! moral pre-em95ce4 ,if ! philosophical fallacy 7! eidolon specs7 ?us vani%es "u a ne> exam9ation2 ! next consid]able objection1 ^u a sup]ficial view1 n :olly unnatural1 t1 if slaught]+ = food 7 to be aboli%$1 !re w\ld be a failure ( manufactur+ mat]ial = ! ord9>y uses ( social life1 is1 9 reality1 bas$ ^u a contract$ appreh5sion ( facts & ph5om5a4 ,= x is a reasonable & suffici5t reply1 t ! :ole hi/ory ( civilisation1 z x has be5 a hi/ory ( ! sl[ b1 ^u ! :ole1 cont9u\s advance ( ! human race 9 ! arts ( ,ref9em5t1 s1 also1 has x prov$ t dem& creates supply--t x is ! abs5ce ( ! =m] alone :i* p]mits ! v>i\s sub/ances1 no less ?an ! v>i\s =ces1 yet lat5t 9 ,nature to rema9 un9ve/igat$ & unus$4 ,nor c any ?\ghtful p]son1 :o kn[s any?+ ( ! hi/ory ( ,sci5ce & ,discov]y1 d\bt t ! res\rces ( ,nature & ! me*anical +5uity ( man are all b b\ndless4 ,already1 not)/&+ ! abs5ce ( any dem& = !m1 except+ )9 ! ranks ( anti-kreophagi/s1 v>i\s non-animal sub/ances h be5 propos$1 9 "s cases us$1 z sub/itutes = ! prep>$ sk9s ( ! victims ( ! ,slaught]-h\se2 & t1 9 ! ev5t ( a g5]al dem& = su* sub/itutes1 !re w\ld spr+ up an active competition among inv5tors & manufactur]s 9 ?is direction !re is n ! lea/ reason = d\bt4 ,besides1 x mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt t ! process ( conv]sion ( ! fle%-eat+ 7t is to say1 ( ! ri*]7 sections ( communities to ! bloodless diet w1 only too c]ta9ly1 be v sl[ & gradual4 ,z = ! popul>--p]haps ! mo/ popul>--fallacy 7! eidolon =i71 :i* exhibits little ( philosophical accuracy1 or1 inde$1 ( common reason1 involv$ 9 ! que/ions3 8,:at is to become ( ! animals80 &1 8,:y 7 !y creat$1 if !y are n int5d$ = ,slaught] & = human food80--x is sc>cely possible to return a grave reply4 ,! brief answ]1 ( c\rse1 is--t ^? v>i\sly-tortur$ be+s h be5 br\ght into exi/5ce1 & _! numb]s ma9ta9$1 by selfi% human inv5tion only4 ,cease to bre$ = ! but*]1 & !y w cease to exi/ beyond ! numb]s necess>y = lawful & innoc5t use2 !y 7 8creat$0 inde$1 b !y h be5 creat$ by man1 s9ce he has va/ly modifi$ &1 by no means1 = ! b5efit ( 8 helpless dep5dants1 ! natural =m & organisation ( ! orig9al types1 ! p>5t /ocks ( ! dome/icat$ ,ox1 ,%eep1 & ,sw9e1 n[ v remote f ! native gr&eur & vig\r ( ! ,bison1 ! ,m\flon1 & ! wild ,bo>4 ,!re rema9s "o fallacy ( q rec5t orig94 ,an association has be5 =m$--some:at late 9 ! day1 x mu/ be all[$--consi/+ ( a few sanit>y re=m]s1 :o put =w>d1 also1 humane reasons1 = 8,re=m ( ! ,slaught]-,h\ses10 "o ( ! second>y propositions ( :i* is1 t ! savag]y & brutality ( ! ,but*]s' trade c\ld be obviat$ by ! p>tial or g5]al use ( less l+]+ & revolt+ modes ( kill+ ?an ^? ( ! univ]sal knife & axe4 ,no humanit>ian w refuse to welcome any sign1 h[ev] feeble1 ( ! awak5+ ( ! consci5ce ( ! ,community1 or r ( ! m ?\ghtful "p ( x1 to ! p>am\nt obligations ( common ,humanity1 & ( ! recognition ( ! claims ( ! subject species to "s consid]ation & to "s compassion1 if n ( ! recognition ( ! claims ( ,ju/ice2 or w refuse to welcome any sort ( proposition to less5 ! enorm\s sum total ( atrocities to :i* ! l[] animals are con/antly subject$ by human av>ice1 gluttony1 & brutality4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 no e>ne/ humanit>ian c accept ! sophism1 t an attempt at a mitigation ( cruelty & suff]+ :i*1 fundam5tally1 are unnecess>y1 ought to satisfy ! educat$ consci5ce or reason4 ,va9ly d ! m feel+ p]sons1 :o happ5 to h "s scruples ( consci5ce 9 respect to ! sanction ( ! b>b>\s practice ( ,but*]+1 ?9k to aboli% ! cruelties1 :ile /ill indulg+ ! appetite = ! fle% luxuries1 ( ! ,table4 ,! va/ness ( ! dem&s ^u ! but*]s--dem&s con/antly increas+ ) ! pecuni>y res\rces ( ! nation1 & /imulat$ by ! p]nici\s example ( ! weal?y classes2 ! imm5sity ( ! traffic 9 8live /ock0 7z !y complac5tly are t]m$7 by rail & by %ip1#b ! frightful horrors ( :i* x has (t5 be5 attempt$1 ?\gh inadequately1 to describe2 ! utt] impossibility ( effici5tly sup]vis+ & regulat+ su* traffic & su* slaught]--ev5 suppos+ ! desire to d s to exi/ to any consid]able ext5t--& ! invet]ate indiff]5tism ( ! ,legislature & ( ! influ5tial classes1 suffici5tly decl>e ! futility ( su* expectation & ( ! indulg5ce ( su* com=table hope4 ,x is1 9 brief1 z ) o!r attempts at pat*+ & m5d+1 or at apply+ salves to a hopelessly fe/]$ & gangr5$ w\nd1 m]ely to put ! 8flatt]+ unction0 ( compromise to ! consci5ce4 8,diseases1 desp]ate gr[n1 by desp]ate appliances are reliev$1 or n at all20 ! f\l /ream ( cruelty mu/ be /opp$ at its s\rce2 ! f\nta9 & orig9 ( ! evil--! ,slaught]-,h\se itself--mu/ be aboli%$4 ,del5dum e/ ,macellum4 ,x has be5 well said by "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t ( ! prophets ( ,humane ,liv+1 t !re are /eps on ! way to ! summit ( ,dietetic ,re=m1 &1 if only "o /ep be tak51 yet t t s+le /ep w be n )\t importance & )\t influ5ce 9 ! _w4 ,! /ep1 :i* leaves = ev] beh9d x ! b>b>ism ( slaught]+ our fell[-be+s1 ! ,mammals & ,birds1 is1 x is sup]flu\s to add1 ! mo/ important & mo/ influ5tial ( all4 ,z = ! plan ( ! pres5t "w1 liv+ writ]s & au?orities--num]\s & important z !y are--necess>ily h be5 exclud$4 ,its bulk1 already ext5d$ beyond ! orig9al conception ( its limits1 o!rwise w\ld h be5 swoll5 to a consid]ably l>g] size4 ,= its entire execution1 z well z = ! collection & arrangem5t ( ! matt]1 ! compil] alone is responsible2 &1 consci\s t x mu/ fall %ort ( ! complet5ess at :i* he aim$1 he c pret5d only to ! m]its ( c>eful rese>* & an eclectic imp>tiality4 ,to ! fact t ! "w already has appe>$ 9 ! pages ( ! ,dietetic ,re=m]1 to :i* x has be5 contribut$ p]iodically dur+ a space ( "t ext5d+ ov] five ye>s1 is ow+ "s repetition ( matt]1 :i* also1 necess>ily1 is due to ! nature ( ! subject4 ,errors ( inadv]t5ce1 x is hop$1 w be f\nd to be few & inconsid]able4 ,= ! re/1 he leaves ! ,e?ics ( ,diet to ! c&\r ( ! critics & ( ! public4 ,,! ,,e?ics ,,( ,,diet4 ,i4 ,,hesiod4 ,,eigh? ,,c5tury ,b4,c4 ,,hesiod--! poet p> excell5ce ( peace & ( agriculture1 z ,hom] is ( w> & ( ! 8h]oic0 virtues--0 born at ,ascra1 a village 9 ,botia1 a "p ( ,hellas1 :i*1 9 spite ( its prov]bial fame = beef-eat+ & /upidity1 gave bir? to ?ree o!r em95t p]sons--,p9d>1 ! lyric poet1 ,epame9ondas1 ! great milit>y g5ius & /atesman1 & ,plut>*1 ! mo/ amiable morali/ ( antiquity4 ,! little t is kn[n ( ! life ( ,hesiod is d]iv$ f 8 ,works & ,days4 ,f ?is celebrat$ poem we le>n t 8 fa!r 0 an emigrant f olia1 ! ,greek portion ( ! nor?-we/ corn] ( ! ,less] ,asia2 t 8 eld] bro!r1 ,p]ses1 _h1 by collusion ) ! judges1 depriv$ him ( 8 j inh]itance2 t aft] ?is he settl$ at ,or*om5os1 a neighb\r+ t[n--9 ! pre-hi/orical ages a p[]ful & r5[n$ city4 ,?is is all t is c]ta9ly kn[n ( ! au?or ( ! ,works & ,days1 & ,! ,!ogony4 ,( ! g5u95ess ( ! =m] !re has be5 little or no d\bt2 t ( ! latt]--at lea/ 9 "p--has be5 call$ 9 "q4 ,besides ^! two *ief works1 !re is extant a piece entitl$ ,! ,%ield ( ,h]akles1 9 imitation ( ! ,hom]ic ,%ield 7,iliad xviii47 ,! ,catalogues ( ,wom5--a poem commemorat+ ! h]o9es belov$ by ! gods1 & :o 7 ?us ! ance/resses ( ! long l9e ( h]oes1 ! reput$ f\nd]s ( ! rul+ families 9 ,hellas--is lo/4 ,! *>m ( ! ,works & ,days--! fir/ didactic poem extant--is its app>5t e>ne/ness ( purpose & simplicity ( /yle4 ,! au?or's frequ5t ref]5ces to1 & rebuke (1 legal inju/ices--8 s5se ( :i* _h be5 quick5$ by ! iniquit\s decisions ( ! judges already ref]r$ to--are z nave z !y are pa!tic4 ,( ! ,!ogony1 ! subject1 z ! title implies1 is ! hi/ory ( ! g5]ation & successive dyna/ies ( ! ,olympian div9ities--! objects ( ,greek wor%ip4 ,x may1 inde$1 be /yl$ ! ,hell5ic ,bible1 &1 ) ! ,hom]ic ,epics1 x =m$ ! pr9cipal !ology ( ! old ,greeks1 & ( ! lat] ,romans or ,lat9s4 ,! 8,promium10 or introductory v]ses--9 :i* ! ,muses are repres5t$ z appe>+ to _! vot>y at ! foot ( ! sacr$ ,helicon1 & consecrat+ him to ! "w ( reveal+ ! div9e my/]ies by ! gift ( a laurel-bran*--& ! foll[+ v]ses1 describ+ _! return to ! cele/ial mansions1 :]e !y hymn ! omnipot5t ,fa!r1 are v *>m+4 ,to ! long description ( ! trem5d\s /ruggle ( ! w>r+ gods & ,titans1 fight+ = ! possession ( heav51 ,milton 0 indebt$ = 8 fam\s del9eation ( a simil> conflict4 ,! ,works & ,days1 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! milit>y _s ( ! ,hom]ic epic1 deals 9 pla9 & simple v]se ) que/ions e?ical1 political1 & economic4 ,! e?ical portion exhibits mu* true feel+1 & a conviction ( ! evils br\ght ^u ! e>? by ! triumph ( inju/ice & ( viol5ce4 ,! well-kn[n passages 9 :i* ! poet figures ! gradual decl5sion & deg5]acy ( m5 f ! gold5 to ! pres5t iron race1 are ! remote orig9al ( all ! lat] pleas+ poetic fictions ( gold5 ages & times ( innoc5ce4 ,accord+ to ,hesiod1 !re are two ev]la/+ly antagoni/ic ag5ts at "w on ! ,e>?2 ! _s ( w> & fight+1 & ! peaceful _s ( agriculture & me*anical indu/ry4 ,& 9 ! apo/rophe 9 :i* he bitt]ly reproa*es 8 unrighte\s judges-- 8,o fools6 !y "k n1 9 _! selfi% s\l1 ,h[ f> ! half is bett] ?an ! :ole3 ,! good :i* ,asphodel & ,mall[s yield1 ,! fea/ ( h]bs1 ! da9ties ( ! field0-- he seems to h a pr(\nd conviction ( ! tru? taught by ,veget>ianism--t luxuri\s liv+ is ! fruitful p>5t ( selfi%ness 9 its manifold =ms4#c ,t ,hesiod reg>d$ t diet :i* dep5ds ma9ly or entirely ^u agriculture & ^u fruits z ! highe/ & be/ mode ( life is suffici5tly evid5t 9 ! foll[+ v]ses descriptive ( ! 8,gold5 ,age0 life3-- 8,l gods1 !y liv$ ) calm1 untr\bl$ m9d1 ,free f ! toil & angui% ( our k9d1 ,nor did decrepid age mis-%ape _! frame4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pleas$ ) e>?'s unb\ght fea/s3 all ills remov$1 ,weal?y 9 flocks1#d & ( ! ,ble/ belov$1 ,dea?1 z a slumb]1 press$ _! eyelids d[n3 ,all ,nature's common bless+s 7 _! own4 ,! life-be/[+ til? its fruitage bore1 ,a full1 spontane\s1 & ungrudg+ /ore4 ,!y ) abundant goods1 'mid/ quiet l&s1 ,all will+1 %>$ ! ga!r+s ( _! h&s4 ,:5 ,e>?'s d>k brea/ _h clos$ ?is race ar\nd1 ,great ,zeus1 z demons1#e rais$ !m f ! gr\nd2 ,e>?-hov]+ spirits1 !y _! *>ge began-- ,! m9i/]s ( good1 & gu>ds ( m54 ,mantl$ ) mi/ ( d>kl+ air !y glide1 ,& compass ,e>?1 & pass on e side2 ,& m>k1 ) e>ne/ vigilance ( eyes1 ,:]e j de$s live1 or crook$ ways arise1 ,& %[] ! weal? ( seasons f above40#f ,! second race--! 8,silv] ,age0--inf]ior to ! fir/ & :olly innoc5t p1 71 nev]!less1 guiltless ( blood%$ 9 ! prep>ation ( _! food2 nor did !y (f] sacrifices--9 ! poet's judgm5t1 x appe>s1 a damnable error4 ,= ! ?ird--! 8,braz5 ,age0--x 0 res]v$ to inaugurate ! fea/ ( blood3-- 8,/rong ) ! a%5 spe>1 & fi]ce & bold1 ,_! ?\ghts 7 b5t on viol5ce alone1 ,! de$ ( battle1 & ! dy+ groan4 ,bloody _! fea/s1 ) :eat5 food unbless$40 ,accord+ to ,hesiod1 :o is foll[$ by ! lat] poets1 ! 8immortals inhabit+ ! ,olympian mansions0 fea/ ev] on ! pure & bloodless food ( ,ambrosia1 & _! dr9k is ,nect>1 :i* may be tak5 to be a sort ( ref9$ dew4 ,he repres5ts ! div9e ,muses ( ,helicon1 :o inspire 8 song1 z reproa*+ ! %eph]ds1 8 neighb\rs1 8t t5d ! flocks10 ) ! possession ( 8m]e fle%ly appetites40 ,ovid1 among/ ! ,lat9s1 is ! mo/ *>m+ pa9t] ( ! innoc5ce ( ! 8,gold5 ,age40 ,among/ our own poets1 ,pope1 ,?omson1 & ,%elley--! la/ z a prophet ( ! future & actual r ?an ! poet ( a pa/ & fictiti\s age ( innoc5ce--h contribut$ to embelli% ! fable ( ! ,pa/ & ! hope ( ! ,future4 ,,ii4 ,,py?agoras4 #egj-dgj ,b4,c4 8,a great] good nev] came1 nor ev] w come1 to mank9d1 ?an t :i* 0 imp>t$ by ! gods ?r\gh ,py?agoras40 ,su* is ! expression ( en?usia/ic admiration ( "o ( 8 biograph]s4 ,to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! hi/orical developm5t ( ,greek ?\ght & ,greek philosophy x may seem to be m]ely ! utt]ance ( ! p>tiality ( h]o-wor%ip4 ,^?1 on ! o!r h&1 :o "k any?+ ( t mo/ important hi/ory1 & ( ! influ5ce1 direct or indirect1 ( ,py?agoras ^u ! mo/ intellectual & e>ne/ m9ds ( 8 c\ntrym5--9 p>ticul> ^u ,plato & 8 foll[]s1 & ?r\gh !m ^u ! lat] ,jewi% & ^u v e>ly ,*ri/ian ideas--w ackn[l$ge1 at lea/1 t ! "n ( ! prophet ( ,samos is t ( "o ( ! mo/ important & influ5tial factors 9 ! production & progress ( high] human ?\ght4 ,!re is a true & !re is a false h]o-wor%ip4 ,! latt]1 :atev] x may h done to pres]ve ! bl9d & unreason+ subs]vi5ce ( mank9d1 has n t5d$ to accel]ate ! progress ( ! _w t[>ds ! atta9m5t ( tru?4 ,! old-_w occupants ( ! popul> ,pan!on--8! patrons ( mank9d1 gods & sons ( gods1 de/roy]s rightli] call$ & plagues ( m50--are inde$ fa/ los+1 if !y h n entirely lo/1 _! anci5t cr$it1 b _! vacant places h yet to be fill$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! mo/ exalt$ ideals ( humanity4 ,:5ev]1 9 ! place ( ! repres5tatives ( m]e physical & m5tal =ce1 ! true h]oes %all be en?ron$1 among/ ! moral lum9>ies & pione]s :o h contribut$ to less5 ! ?ick d>kness ( ignorance1 b>b>ism1 & selfi%ness1 ! "n ( ! fir/ we/]n apo/le ( humanit>ianism & ( spiritualism mu/ assume a prom95t position4 ,x is a natural & legitimate curiosity :i* leads u to wi% to "k1 ) some?+ ( c]ta9ty & fulness1 ! out] & inn] life ( ! ma/] spirits ( our race4 ,un=tunately1 ! p]sonality ( _m ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & illu/ri\s ( !m is ( a vague & %ad[y k9d4 ,b :5 we reflect t little m is kn[n ( ! p]sonal life ( ,%aksp]e ?an ( t ( ,py?agoras or ,plato--n to m5tion o!r em95t names--our surprise is less5$ t1 9 an age long prec$+ ! discov]y ( pr9t+1 ! records ( a life ev5 s important & influ5tial z t ( ! f\nd] ( ,py?agoreanism are meagre & scanty4 ,! e>lie/ acc\nt ( 8 tea*+ is giv5 by ,philolaus 78,lov] ( ! ,p10 an auspici\s "n7 ( ,t>5tum1 :o1 born ab\t =ty or fifty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( 8 ma/]--0 ?us contempor>y ) ,sokrates & ,plato4 ,8 ,py?agorean ,sy/em1 9 ?ree books1 0 s highly e/eem$ by ,plato t he is said to h giv5 #djj or #ejj = a copy1 & to h incorporat$ ! pr9cipal "p ( x 9 8 ,timu4 ,%>+ ! fate ( s _m o!r valuable products ( ! ,greek g5ius1 x has long s9ce p]i%$4 ,our rema9+ au?orities = ! ,life are ,diog5es ( ,la]te1 ,porphyry1 "o ( ! mo/ erudite writ]s ( any age1 & ,iambli*us4 ,( ^!1 ! biography ( ! la/ is ! fulle/1 if n ! mo/ critical2 t ( ,porphyry wants ! beg9n+ & ! end2 :il/ ( ! t5 books ( ,iambli*us ,on ! ,py?agorean ,sect 7 71 ( :i* only five rema91 ! fir/ 0 devot$ to ! life ( ! f\nd]4 ,diog5es1 :o seems to h be5 ( ! s*ool ( ,epikurus1 belongs to ! second1 :ile ,porphyry & ,iambli*us1 ! well-kn[n expon5ts ( ,neo-,platonism1 wrote 9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies ( our era4 ,py?agoras 0 born 9 ! ,isl& ( ,samos1 some:]e ab\t ! ye> #egj ,b4,c4 ,at "s p]iod 9 8 y\?1 ,polykrates--celebrat$ by ! f9e /ory ( ,h]odotus--_h acquir$ ! tyranny ( ,samos1 & 8 rule1 l t ( mo/ ( 8 compe]s1 has des]v$ ! /igma ( ! mod]n mean+ ( ! ,greek equival5t = pr9cely & mon>*ical gov]nm5t4 ,! future philosoph]1 we are told1 unable to desc5d to ! ord9>y arts ( sycophancy & dissimulation1 left 8 c\ntry1 & ent]$1 l ! ,sirian philosoph] ( ,voltaire1 ^u an ext5sive c\rse ( travels--ext5sive = ! age 9 :i* he liv$4 ,h[ f> he actually travell$ is unc]ta94 ,he visit$ ,egypt1 ! great nurse ( ! old-_w sci5ce1 & ,syria1 & x is n impossible t he may h p5etrat$ ea/w>ds z f> z ,babylon1 p]haps z ! captive ( ! rec5t conqu]or ( ,egypt--! ,p]sian ,kambyses4 ,x 0 9 ! ,ea/1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,egypt1 t he probably imbib$ ! dogma ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 or1 z he *ose to repres5t x to ! public1 t ( ! metempsy*osis--a fancy widely spread 9 ! ea/]n !ologies4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t he _h already ab&on$ ! or?odox diet at ! age ( n9ete5 or tw5ty4 ,if ?is 0 actually ! fact1 he has ! additional m]it ( hav+ adopt$ ! high] life by 8 own orig9al =ce ( m9d & ref9em5t ( feel+4 ,if n1 he may h d]iv$ ! mo/ *>act]i/ic z well z ! mo/ important ( 8 tea*+s f ! ,egyptians or ,p]sians1 or1 ?r\gh !m1 ev5 f ! ,h9dus--! mo/ religi\sly /rict ab/a9]s f ! fle% ( animals4 ,x is rem>kable t ! two great apo/les ( ab/95ce--,py?agoras & ,sakya-,muni1 or ,buddha--7 almo/ contempor>ies2 nor is x impossible t ! ,greek may1 9 :atev] way1 h become acqua9t$ ) ! sublime t5ets ( ! ,h9du prophet1 :o _h lately sec$$ f ,brahm9ism1 ! e/abli%$ sac]dotal & exclusive religion ( ! ,p59sula1 & promulgat$ 8 great revelation--until !n new to ! _w--t religion1 at lea/ 8 religion1 0 to be 8a religion ( m]cy to all be+s10 human & non-human4#g ,z ! natural & necess>y result ( 8 pure liv+1 we are told by ,iambli*us t 88 sleep 0 brief1 8 s\l vigilant & pure1 & 8 body confirm$ 9 a /ate ( p]fect & inv>iable heal?40 ,he appe>s to h pass$ ! p]iod ( middle life :5 he return$ to ,samos1 :]e 8 reputation _h prec$$ him4 ,ei!r1 h[ev]1 f9d+ 8 c\ntrym5 hopelessly debas$ by ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( despotism1 or believ+ t he w\ld f9d a bett] field = ! propag&ism ( 8 new revelation1 he n long aft]w>ds set out = ,s\!rn ,italy1 !n kn[n z 8,great ,greece10 by reason ( its num]\s ,greek colonies1 or1 r1 autonom\s communities4 ,at ,krotona 8 fame & eloqu5ce soon attract$1 x seems1 a select if n num]\s auditory2 & !re he f\nd$ 8 fam\s society--! fir/ hi/orical anti-fle%-eat+ association 9 ! we/]n _w--! prototype1 9 "s respects1 ( ! ascetic e/abli%m5ts ( ,greek & ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom4 ,x consi/$ ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ "y m5 belong+ to ! mo/ influ5tial families ( ! city & neighb\rhood4 ,x 0 ! practice ( ! ,egyptian prie/ly ca/e & ( o!r exclusive in/itutions to res]ve _! bett] ideas 7( a m satisfactory sort1 at all ev5ts1 ?an ! sy/em ( !ology t 0 promulgat$ to ! mass ( ! community71 into :i* only privileg$ p]sons 7 initiat$4 ,?is esot]ic me?od1 :i* "u ! "n ( ! my/]ies has ex]cis$ ! le>n$ +5uity ( mod]n writ]s--:o h1 = ! mo/ "p1 va9ly lab\r$ to p5etrate ! obscurity envelop+ ! mo/ rem>kable in/itution ( ! ,hell5ic !ology--0 accompani$ ) ! /ricte/ v[s & circum/ances ( sil5ce & secrecy4 ,z = ! prie/ly ord]1 x 0 _! evid5t policy to ma9ta9 ! sup]/iti\s ignorance ( ! p & to ov]awe _! m9ds1 :ile 9 reg>d to ! philosophic sects1 x 0 p]haps to %ield !mselves f ! prie/ly or popul> suspicion t !y %r\d$ _! scepticism 9 ?is d>k & conv5i5t disguise4 ,! p>abolic or esot]ic me?od 01 p]haps1 almo/ a necessity ( ! e>li] ages4 ,x is to be lam5t$ t x %\ld be /ill 9 fav\r 9 ?is saf] age1 & t ! old exclusiv5ess ( ! my/]ies is 9 e/eem ) _m mod]n au?orities1 :o seem to hold t to unveil ! spotless ,tru? to ! multitude is 8to ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e40 ,x 0 probably f ! philosophic motive t ! f\nd] ( ! new society in/itut$ 8 grades ( cate*um5s & probation>y c\rse1 z well z v[s ( ! /ricte/ secrecy4 ,! exact nature ( all 8 int]ior in/ruction is necess>ily v mu* matt] ( conjecture1 inasmu* z1 :e!r he committ$ 8 sy/em to writ+ or n1 no?+ f 8 own h& has come d[n to u4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is evid5t t ! g5]al _s & *>act]i/ic ( 8 tea*+ 0 self-d5ial or self-control1 f\nd$ ^u ! great pr9ciples ( ju/ice & temp]ance2 & t communism & asceticism 7 ! pr9cipal aim ( 8 sociology4 ,he 0 ! f\nd] ( communism 9 ! ,we/--8 communi/ic ideas1 h[ev]1 be+ ( an ari/ocratic & exclusive r ?an ( a democratic & cosmopolitan k9d4 8,he fir/ taught10 says ,diog5es1 8t ! prop]ty ( fri5ds 0 to be held 9 common--t fri5d%ip is equality--& 8 disciples laid d[n _! money & goods at 8 feet1 & _h all ?+s common40 ,! moral precepts ( ! great ma/] 7 mu* 9 advance ( ! conv5tional morality ( ! day4 ,he enjo9$ ^u 8 disciples1 ! same biograph] in=ms u1 ea* "t !y ent]$ _! h\ses to int]rogate !mselves--8,h[ h ,i transgress$8 ,:at h ,i done8 ,:at h ,i left undone t ,i ought to h done80 ,he exhort$ !m to live 9 p]fect h>mony1 to d good to _! enemies & by k9dness to conv]t !m into fri5ds4 8,he =bade !m ei!r to pray = !mselves1 see+ t !y 7 ignorant ( :at 0 be/ = !m2 or to (f] sla9 victims 77 z sacrifices2 & taught !m to respect a bloodless alt> only40 ,cakes & fruits1 & o!r innoc5t (f]+s 7 ! only sacrifices he w\ld all[4 ,?is1 & ! sublime comm&m5t 8,n to kill or injure any innoc5t animal10 are ! gr& di/+ui%+ doctr9es ( 8 moral religion4 ,s f> did he c>ry 8 respect = ! beautiful & b5efic5t 9 ,nature1 t he specially prohibit$ wanton injury to cultivat$ & useful trees & plants4 ,by conf9+ !mselves to ! innoc5t1 pure1 & spiritual diet>y he promis$ 8 foll[]s ! enjoym5t ( heal? & equanimity1 undi/urb$ & invigorat+ sleep1 z well z a sup]iority ( m5tal & moral p]ceptions4 ,z = 8 own diet1 8he 0 satisfi$10 says ,porphyry1 8) honey or ! honeycomb1 or ) bread only1 & he did n ta/e w9e f morn+ to night 7'72 or 8 pr9cipal di% 0 (t5 kit*5 h]bs1 cook$ or uncook$4 ,fi% he ate r>ely40 ,humanit>ianism--! ext5sion ( ! sublime pr9ciples ( ju/ice & ( compassion to all innoc5t s5ti5t life1 irrespective ( nationality1 cre$1 or species--is a v mod]n & ev5 n[ v inadequately recognis$ cre$2 &1 al?\gh !re h be5 "h & !re a few1 l ,plut>* & ,s5eca1 :o 7 8spl5didly false10 to ! _s ( _! age1 ! recognition ( ! obligation 7! practice has always be5 a v diff]5t ?+7 ( b5evol5ce & b5efic5ce1 s f> f be+ ext5d$ to ! non-human races1 until a comp>atively rec5t "t has be5 limit$ to ! n>r[ b\nds ( c\ntry & citiz5%ip2 & patriotism & int]nationalism are1 app>5tly1 two v opposite pr9ciples4 ,! obligation to ab/a9 f ! fle% ( animals 0 f\nd$ by ,py?agoras on m5tal & spiritual r ?an on humanit>ian gr\nds4 ,yet t ! latt] 7 n ignor$ by ! prophet ( akreophagy is evid5t equally by 8 prohibition ( ! infliction ( pa91 no less ?an ( dea?1 ^u ! l[] animals1 & by 8 injunction to ab/a9 f ! bloody sacrifices ( ! alt>4 ,su* 0 8 abhorr5ce ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se1 ,porphyry tells u1 t n only did he c>efully ab/a9 f ! fle% ( its victims1 b t he c\ld nev] br+ himself to endure contact )1 or ev5 ! sight (1 but*]s & cooks4 ,:ile ?us c>eful ( ! lives & feel+s ( ! innoc5t non-human races1 he recognis$ ! necessity ( mak+ w> ^u ! f]oci\s c>nivora4 ,yet to su* a degree _h he become famili> ) ! habits & dispositions ( ! l[] animals t he is said1 by ! exclusive use ( vegetable food1 n only to h tam$ a =midable be>1 :i* by its deva/ations on _! crops _h become ! t]ror ( ! c\ntry p1 b ev5 to h accu/om$ x to eat t food only = ! rema9d] ( its life4 ,! /ory may be true or fictiti\s1 b x is n incr$ible2 = !re are well-au!nticat$ in/ances1 ev5 9 our own times1 ( true c>nivora t h be5 f$1 = long] or %ort] p]iods1 ^u ! non-fle% diet4#h 8,among/ o!r reasons1 ,py?agoras10 says ,iambli*us1 8enjo9$ ab/95ce f ! fle% ( animals because x is conducive to peace4 ,= ^? :o are accu/om$ to abom9ate ! slaught] ( o!r animals1 z iniquit\s & unnatural1 w ?9k x /ill m unju/ & unlawful to kill a man or to engage 9 w>40 ,specially1 he 8exhort$ ^? politicians :o are legislators to ab/a94 ,= if !y 7 will+ to act ju/ly 9 ! highe/ degree1 x 0 indubitably incumb5t ^u !m n to injure any ( ! l[] animals4 ,s9ce h[ c\ld !y p]suade o!rs to act ju/ly1 if !y !mselves 7 prov$ to be indulg+ an insatiable avidity by dev\r+ ^! animals t are alli$ to u4 ,= ?r\gh ! communion ( life & ! same elem5ts1 & ! sympa?y ?us exi/+1 !y are1 z x 71 conjo9$ to u by a frat]nal alliance40#i ,maxims h[ diff]5t f ^? 9 fav\r 9 ! pres5t 8ye> ( grace10 #ahgg6 ,if ! ref9$ ?9k] ( ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 7 n[ liv+1 :at w\ld be 8 indignation at ! enorm\s slaught] ( innoc5t life = ! public banquets at :i* our /atesm5 & o!rs are con/antly ft$1 & :i* are record$ 9 our j\rnals ) s mu* magniloqu5ce & m9ut5ess8 ,8 hopes = ! reg5]ation ( 8 fell[-m5 w\ld surely be t]ribly %att]$4 ,we may apply ! words ( ! great ,lat9 satiri/1 ,juv5al1 :o s frequ5tly d5\nces 9 burn+ language ! luxuri\s gluttony ( 8 c\ntrym5 "u ! ,empire--8,:at w\ld n ,py?agoras d5\nce1 or :i!r w\ld he n flee1 c\ld he see ^! mon/r\s sights--he :o ab/a9$ f ! fle% ( all o!r animals z ?\gh !y 7 human80 7,satire xv47 ,h[ long ! communi/ic society ( ,krotona rema9$ undi/urb$ is unc]ta94 ,inasmu* z its reputation & influ5ce 7 widely spread1 x may be suppos$ t ! outbreak ( ! populace 7! orig9 ( :i* is obscure71 by :i* ! society 0 brok5 up & 8 disciples massacr$1 did n happ5 until _m ye>s aft] its e/abli%m5t4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is commonly believ$ t ,py?agoras liv$ to an advanc$ age1 v>i\sly comput$ at eighty1 n9ety1 or "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,x is n )9 our purpose to discuss m9utely ! sci5tific or !ological !ories ( ,py?agoras4 ,9 accordance ) ! ab/ruse speculative "* ( ! ,ionic s*ool ( sci5ce1 :i* incl9$ to ref] ! orig9 ( ! univ]se to "s "o primordial pr9ciple1 he 0 l$ by 8 ma!matical pr$ilections to discov] ! cosmic elem5t 9 numb]s1 or proportion--a !ory :i* sav\rs ( ,john ,dalton's philosophy1 n[ accept$ 9 *emi/ry1 & a virtual enunciation ( :at we n[ call quantitative sci5ce4 ,py?agoras taught ! ,kop]nican !ory prematurely4 ,he reg>d$ ! sun z m div9e ?an ! e>?1 & !re=e set x 9 ! c5tre ( ! e>? & planets4 ,! argum5t 0 surely a m>k ( g5ius1 b x 0 too transc5d5tal = 8 contempor>ies1 ev5 = ,plato & ,ari/otle4 ,8 eld] contempor>y1 ! celebrat$ ,?ales ( ,miletus1 ) :om 9 8 e>ly y\? he may h be5 acqua9t$1 may claim1 inde$1 to be ! remote orig9ator ( ! fam\s nebul> hypo!sis ( ,laplace & mod]n a/ronomy4 ,ano!r c>d9al doctr9e ( ! ,py?agorean s*ool 0 ! musical1 f :5ce ! idea1 s popul> ) ! poets1 ( ! 8music ( ! sph]es40 ,to music 0 attribut$ ! greate/ influ5ce 9 ! control ( ! passions4 ,9 its l>g] s5se1 by ! ,greeks g5]ally1 ! t]m 8,music0 7,musice--p]ta9+ to ! ,muses7 d5ot$1 x is to be rememb]$1 n alone ! 8concord ( sweet s\nds10 b also an arti/ic & /hetic education 9 g5]al--all humanis+ & ref9+ in/ruction4 ,! fam\s doctr9e ( ! ,metempsy*osis or ,transmigration ( ,s\ls also 01 d\btless1 a prom95t feature 9 ! ,py?agorean sy/em2 b x is probable t we may presume t by x ,py?agoras int5d$ m]ely to convey to ! 8un9/ruct$10 by p>able1 ! sublime idea t ! s\l is gradually purifi$ by a sev]e c\rse ( discipl9e until f9ally x becomes fitt$ = a fle%less life ( immortality4#aj ,we are *iefly conc]n$ ) 8 attitude 9 reg>d to fle% eat+4 ,!re c be no "q t ab/95ce 0 a fundam5tal "p ( 8 sy/em1 yet c]ta9 mod]n critics--little 9 sympa?y ) s practical a manife/ation ( ! high] life1 or1 inde$1 ) self-d5ial ( any k9d--h sometimes affect$ ei!r to d\bt ! fact or to pass x by 9 contemptu\s sil5ce1 ?us ignor+ :at = ! aft] ages /&s out z by f> ! mo/ important residuum ( ,py?agoreanism4 ,9 support ( ?is scepticism ! fact ( ! celebrat$ a?lete ,milo1 ^: prodigies ( /r5g? h become prov]bial1 has be5 quot$4 ,yet if ^! critics _h be5 at ! pa9s ( inquir+ some:at fur!r1 !y w\ld h le>n$1 on ! contr>y1 t ! non-fle% diet is exactly t :i* is mo/ conducive to physical vig\r2 t 9 ! ,ea/ !re are at ?is day non-fle% eat]s1 :o 9 feats ( /r5g? might put ev5 our /ronge/ m5 to ! blu%4 ,! extraord9>y p[]s ( ! port]s & boatm5 ( ,con/ant9ople h be5 rem>k$ by _m travell]s2 & ! ,*9ese coolies & o!rs are almo/ equally notori\s = _! m>vell\s p[]s ( endurance4 ,yet _! food is n only ( ! simple/--rice1 dh\rra 7i4e41 millet71 onions1 c4--b ( ! scantie/ possible4 ,moreov]1 ! eld] ,greek a?letes !mselves1 = ! mo/ "p1 tra9$ on veget>ian diet4 ,n to multiply details1 ! fact t1 ^u a mod]ate calculation1 two-?irds at lea/ ( ! population ( our globe--includ+ ! mass ( ! inhabitants ( ^! isl&s--live1 nol5tes1 vol5tes1 on a diet>y f :i* fle% is almo/ altoge!r necess>ily exclud$1 is on ! face ( x suffici5t pro( 9 itself ( ! non-necessity ( ! diet ( ! ri*4 ,:ile ! g5]al cons5t ( antiquity & ( lat] times has receiv$ z und\bt$ ! obligation ( /rict ab/95ce on ! "p ( ! imm$iate foll[]s ( ,py?agoras1 x seems t z reg>ds ! un9itiat$1 or 7to use ! ecclesia/ical t]m7 cate*um5s1 ! obligation 0 n s /rict4 ,inde$ relaxation ( ! rules ( ! high] life 0 simply a s9e qu non ( secur+ ! att5tion ( ! mass ( ! community at all2 &1 l "o /ill m em95t ?an himself 9 an aft] age1 he f\nd x a matt] ( necessity to pres5t a tea*+ & a mode ( liv+ n too exalt$ & unatta9able by ! grossness & 8h>dness ( he>t0 ( ! multitude4 ,h5ce1 9 all probability1 ! seem+ contradictions 9 8 tea*+ on ?is po9t f\nd 9 ! n>ratives ( 8 foll[]s4 ,if 8 critics _h be5 m int5t on discov]+ ! excell5ce ( 8 rules ( ab/95ce ?an on discuss+1 ) frivol\s dilig5ce1 ! probable or possible reasons ( 8 alleg$ prohibition ( beans1 x w\ld h r$\nd$ m to _! cr$it = wisdom & love ( tru?4 ,assum+ ! fact ( ! prohibition1 9 place ( collect+ all ! mo/ absurd gossip ( antiquity1 !y might p]haps h f\nd a m rational & m solid reason 9 ! hypo!sis t ! bean be+1 z us$ 9 ! ballot1 a symbol & outw>d & visible sign ( political life1 0 employ$ by ,py?agoras p>abolically to dissuade 8 foll[]s f p>ticipat+ 9 ! idle /rife ( p>ty faction1 & to exhort !m to conc5trate _! ef=ts ^u an attempt to a*ieve ! solid & la/+ re=mation ( mank9d4#aa ,b to be mu* conc]n$ 9 a pati5t inquiry aft] tru? unhappily has be5 n always ! *>act]i/ic ( pr(essional comm5tators4 ,bl9d h]o-wor%ip or idolatry ( g5ius or intellect1 ev5 :5 direct$ to high moral aims1 is no "p ( our cre$2 & x is suffici5t to be assur$ t he 0 human1 to be free to confess t ! hi/orical f\nd] ( akreophagy 0 n exempt f human infirmity1 & t he c\ld n :olly rise above ! wond]-lov+ _s ( an uncritical age4 ,d$uct+ all t has be5 imput$ to him ( ! fanciful or fanta/ic1 en\gh /ill rema9s to =ce u to recognise 9 ! philosoph]-prophet ( ,samos "o ( ! ma/]-spirits ( ! _w4#ab ,,iii4 ,,plato4 #dbh-cdg ,b4,c4 ,! mo/ r5[n$ ( all ! prose writ]s ( antiquity may be said to h be5 almo/ ! l9eal desc5dant1 9 philosophy1 ( ! tea*] ( ,samos4 ,he belong$ to ! ari/ocratic families ( ,a!ns--8! eye ( ,greece0--!n & = long aft]w>ds ! c5tre ( art & sci5ce4 ,8 orig9al "n 0 ,ari/okles1 :i* he might well h reta9$4 ,l ano!r equally fam\s lead] 9 lit]ature1 ,franois ,m>ie ,ar\et1 he ab&on$ 8 bir?-"n1 & he assum$ or acquir$ ! "n by :i* he is immortalis$1 to *>act]ise1 z x is said1 ei!r ! bread? ( 8 br[ or ! ext5siv5ess ( 8 m5tal p[]s4 ,9 v e>ly y\? he seems to h display$ 8 lit]>y aptitude & ta/es 9 ! v>i\s k9ds ( poetry--epic1 tragic1 & lyric--z well z to h di/+ui%$ himself z an a?lete 9 ! great national conte/s or 8games10 z !y 7 call$1 ! gr& object ( ambition ( e ,greek4 ,he 0 in/ruct$ 9 ! *ief & necess>y p>ts ( a lib]al ,greek education by ! mo/ able pr(essors ( ! "t4 ,he devot$ himself ) ard\r to ! pursuit ( k1 & s$ul\sly /udi$ ! sy/ems ( philosophy :i* !n divid$ ! lit]>y _w4 ,9 8 tw5tie? ye> he atta*$ himself to ,sokrates1 :o 0 !n at ! height ( 8 reputation z a morali/ & dialectician4 ,aft] ! judicial murd] ( 8 ma/]1 #cii1 he )drew f 8 native city1 :i*1 ) a !ological intol]ance extremely r>e 9 pagan antiquity1 _h already be5 disgrac$ by ! previ\s p]secution ( ano!r em95t tea*]--,anaxagoras--! in/ructor ( ,euripides & ( ,p]ikles4 ,plato !n resid$ = "s "t at ,meg>a1 at a v %ort di/ance f ,a!ns1 & aft]w>ds set out1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! eag] se>*]s aft] k ( t age1 on a c\rse ( travels4 ,he trav]s$ ! c\ntries :i* _h be5 visit$ by ,py?agoras1 b 8 alleg$ visit to ! fur!r ,ea/ is z traditional z t ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ fact or tradition 9 8 fir/ travels is 8 alleg$ intimacy ) ! ,greek pr9ce ( ,syracuse1 ! eld] ,dionysius1 & 8 invitation to ! we/]n capital ( ! ,hell5ic _w4 ,! /ory t he 0 giv5 up by 8 p]fidi\s ho/ to ! ,sp>tan envoy1 & by him sold into slav]y1 ?\gh n disprovable1 may be m]ely an exagg]at$ acc\nt ( ! ill-treatm5t :i* he actually receiv$4 ,8 gr& purpose 9 go+ to ,italy 01 )\t d\bt1 ! desire to become p]sonally kn[n to ! em95t ,py?agoreans ^: headqu>t]s 7 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,p59sula1 & to secure ! be/ opportunities ( mak+ himself ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) _! philosophic t5ets4 ,at t "t ! mo/ em95t repres5tative ( ! s*ool 0 ! celebrat$ ,ar*ytas1 "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y ma!matical g5iuses & me*anicians ( any age4 ,^u 8 return to ,a!ns1 at ab\t ! age ( =ty1 he e/abli%$ 8 ev]-memorable s*ool 9 ! suburban groves or 8g>d5s0 kn[n z --:5ce ! well-kn[n ,academy by :i* ! ,platonic philosophy is di/+ui%$1 & :i*1 9 mod]n days1 has be5 s mu* vulg>is$4 ,all ! mo/ em95t ,a!nians1 pres5t & future1 att5d$ 8 lectures1 & among !m 0 ,ari/otle1 :o 0 de/9$ to rival ! fame ( 8 ma/]4 ,f ab\t #chh to #cdg1 ! date ( 8 dea?1 he cont9u$ to lecture 9 ! ,academy & to compose 8 ,dialogues4 ,9 ! int]vals ( 8 lit]>y & didactic lab\rs he twice visit$ ,sicily2 ! fir/ "t at ! invitation ( 8 fri5d ,dion1 ! relative & m9i/] ( ! two ,dionysii1 ! y\ng] ( :om _h succe$$ to 8 fa!r's ?rone1 & :om ,dion hop$ to w9 to ju/ice & mod]ation by ! eloqu5t wisdom ( ! ,a!nian sage4 ,su* hopes 7 doom$ to bitt] disappo9tm5t4 ,8 second visit to ,syracuse 0 und]tak5 at ! urg5t entreaties ( 8 ,py?agorean fri5ds1 ( ^: t5ets & dietetic pr9ciples he always rema9$ an ard5t admir]4 ,= :atev] reason1 x prov$ unsuccessful4 ,dion 0 driv5 into exile1 & ,plato himself escap$ only by ! int]position ( ,ar*ytas4 ,?us ! only *ance ( attempt+ ! realisation ( 8 ideal ( a communi/ic commonweal?--if he ev] actually ent]ta9$ ! hope ( realis+ x--0 fru/rat$4 ,almo/ ! only s\rce ( ! biographies ( ,plato are ! ,lett]s ascrib$ to him1 commonly held to be fictiti\s1 b ma9ta9$ to be g5u9e by ,grote4 ,! n>rative ( ! fir/ visit to ,sicily is f\nd 9 ! sev5? ,lett]4 ,we c ref] b briefly to ! nature ( ! philosophy & writ+s ( ,plato4 ,9 ! notice ( ,py?agoras x has be5 /at$ t ,plato valu$ v highly t tea*]'s me?ods & pr9ciples4 ,py?agoreanism1 9 fact1 ent]s v l>gely into ! pr9cipal writ+s ( ! great disciple & expon5t 7&1 x may safely be add$1 improv]7 ( ,sokrates1 especially 9 ! ,republic & ! ,timu4 ,! f\r c>d9al virtues inculcat$ 9 ! ,republic--ju/ice or righte\sness 771 temp]ance or self-control 7 or 71 prud5ce or wisdom 771 =titude 77--are em95tly py?agorean4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( ! purely speculative portion ( ,platonism is ! !ory ( ideas 7us$ by ! au?or 9 ! new s5se ( unities1 ! orig9al mean+ be+ =ms & figures71 ( :i* x may be said t its m]it dep5ds ^u its poetic fancy r ?an ^u its sci5tific value4 ,dive/+ x ( ! v]biage ( ! comm5tators1 :o h n succe$$ 9 mak+ x m intelligible1 all t ne$ be said ( ?is ab/ruse & fanta/ic notion is1 t by x he int5d$ to convey t all s5sible objects :i*1 accord+ to him1 are b ! %ad[s & phantoms ( ?+s unse51 are ultimately ref]able to c]ta9 ab/ract conceptions or ideas1 :i* he t]m$ unities1 t c only be rea*$ by pure ?9k+4 ,h5ce he ass]t$ t 8n be+ 9 a condition to grasp ! idea ( ! ,good ) full di/9ctness1 we are able to approximate to x only s f> z we elevate ! p[] ( ?9k+ to its prop] purity40 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! premiss1 ! tru? & utility ( ! d$uction may be all[$ to be z unque/ionable z !y are unhe$$4 ,?is *>act]i/ic !ory may be trac$ to ! belief ( ,plato n only 9 ! immortality1 b also 9 ! pa/ et]nity ( ! s\l4 ,9 ! ,phdrus1 "u ! =m ( allegory1 he describes ! s\l 9 its =m] /ate ( exi/5ce z trav]s+ ! circuit ( ! univ]se :]e1 if reason duly control ! appetite1 x is initiat$1 z x 71 into ! ess5ces ( ?+s :i* are !re disclos$ to its gaze4 ,& x is ?is ante-natal exp]i5ce1 :i* supplies ! fle%ly m9d or s\l ) its ideas ( ! beautiful & ! true4 ,! subtlety ( ! ,greek intellect & language 01 app>5tly1 an irresi/ible temptation to _! greate/ ornam5ts to indulge 9 ! nice/ & mo/ my/ic speculation1 :i*1 to ! possessors ( less subtle intellects & ( a f> less flexible language1 seems (t5 /rangely unpractical & hyp]bolic4 ,?us :ile x is impossible n to be lo/ 9 admiration ( ! m>vell\s p[]s ( ! ,greek dialectics1 "o _c b at ! same "t regret t faculties s extraord9>y %\ld h be5 exp5d$ 7we w n say altoge!r wa/$7 9 s _m in/ances on unsub/antial phantoms4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! transc5d5talism ( ! ,platonic & o!r s*ools ( ,greek ?\ght is matt] = regret1 h[ mu/ we n deplore ! enorm\s wa/e ( "t & lab\r app>5t 9 ! !ological controv]sies ( ! fir/ ?ree or f\r c5turies ( ,*ri/5dom--at lea/ ( ,greek ,*ri/5dom--:5 ! omission or ins]tion ( a s+le lett] c\ld pr(\ndly agitate ! :ole ecclesia/ical _w & orig9ate volumes ^u volumes ( ref9$1 inde$1 b useless v]biage4 ,yet ev5 ! ecclesia/ical ,greek writ]s ( ! e>ly c5turies may lay claim to a c]ta9 orig9ality & m]it ( /yle :i* _c be conc$$ to ! 8s*oolm50 ( ! m$ival ages1 & ( /ill lat] times1 ^: solemn trifl+--"u ! pr\d titles ( ,platoni/s & ,ari/otelians1 or ,nom9ali/s & ,reali/s1 & ! num]\s o!r appellations assum$ by !m--= c5turies 0 receiv$ ) pati5ce & ev5 applause4 ,nor1 un=tunately1 is ?is w> ( ,phantoms by any means unkn[n or ext9ct 9 our day4 ,x 0 ! lam5t ( ,s5eca1 (t5 e*o$ by ! mo/ e>ne/ m9ds1 t all1 or at lea/ ! great] "p (1 our le>n+ is exp5d$ ^u words r ?an ^u ! acquisition ( wisdom4#ac ,plato des]ves 8 high place among ! ,immortals n s mu* on acc\nt ( any v def9ite results f 8 philosophy z on acc\nt ( its g5]al t5d5cy to elevate & direct human ?\ght & aspirations to sublime speculations & aims4 ,( all 8 ,dialogues1 ! mo/ valuable & int]e/+1 )\t d\bt1 is ! ,republic--! "o ( 8 writ+s ^u :i* he seems to h be/[$ ! mo/ pa9s1 & 9 :i* he has record$ ! outcome ( 8 mo/ mature reflections4 ,next may be rank$ ! ,phd & ! ,phdrus--! =m]1 x is well kn[n1 be+ a disquisition on ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,9 spite ( c]ta9 fanta/ic conceptions1 x mu/ always reta9 its int]e/1 z well by reason ( its speculations on a subject :i* is 7or r :i* ought to be7 ! mo/ int]e/+ t c engage ! m9d1 z because x purports to be ! la/ disc\rse ( ,sokrates1 :o 0 expect+ 9 8 prison ! approa*+ s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,! ,phdrus d]ives its unusual m]it f ! beauty ( ! language & /yle1 & f ! fact ( its be+ "o ( ! few writ+s ( antiquity 9 :i* ! *>ms ( rural nature are describ$ ) en?usiasm4 ,! ,republic1 ) :i* we are "h *iefly conc]n$1 s9ce x is 9 t important "w t ! au?or reproduces ! dietetic pr9ciples ( ,py?agoras1 may h be5 fir/ publi%$ among/ 8 e>li] writ+s1 ab\t ! ye> #cie2 b t x 0 publi%$ 9 a l>g] & revis$ edition at a lat] p]iod is suffici5tly evid5t4 ,x consi/s ( t5 ,books4 ,! "q ( ,dietetics is t\*$ ^u 9 ! second & ?ird1 9 :i* ,plato takes c>e to po9t out ! ess5tial importance to ! well-be+ ( 8 ideal /ate1 t bo? ! mass ( ! community &1 9 a special degree1 ! gu>dians or rul]s1 %\ld be educat$ & tra9$ 9 prop] dietetic pr9ciples1 :i*1 if n s def9itely insi/$ ^u z we c\ld wi% !m to h be51 suffici5tly reveal ! bias ( 8 m9d t[>ds ,veget>ianism4 ,9 ! second ,book ! discussion turns pr9cipally ^u ! nature ( ,ju/ice2 & !re is "o passage :i*1 /ill m significant = ! age 9 :i* x 0 writt51 is n )\t in/ruction = ! pres5t4 ,:ile ,sokrates is discuss+ ! subject ) 8 int]locutors1 "o ( !m is repres5t$ z object+3 8,) mu* respect be x spok51 y :o pr(ess to be admir]s ( ju/ice1 beg9n+ ) ! h]oes ( old1 h e "o ( y1 )\t exception1 made ! praise ( ,ju/ice & ! condemnation ( ,inju/ice turn solely ^u ! reputation & hon\r & gifts result+ f !m4 ,b :at ea* is 9 itself1 by its own peculi> =ce z x resides 9 ! s\l ( its possessor1 unse5 ei!r by gods or m51 has nev]1 9 poetry or prose1 be5 adequately discuss$1 s z to %[ t ,inju/ice is ! greate/ bane t a s\l c receive into itself1 & ,ju/ice ! greate/ bless+4 ,_h ?is be5 ! language held by y all f ! fir/1 & _h y tri$ to p]suade u ( ?is f our *ildhood1 we %\ld n be on ! wat* to *eck "o ano!r 9 ! commission ( inju/ice1 because ev]yone w\ld be 8 own wat*man1 fe>ful le/ by committ+ inju/ice he might atta* to himself ! greate/ ( evils40 ,v useful & necess>y = ^? times1 & n :olly inapplicable to less remote ages1 is ! incid5tal rem>k 9 ! same book1 t 8!re are quacks & soo?say]s :o flock to ! ri* man's doors1 & try to p]suade him t !y h a p[] at comm& :i* !y procure f heav51 & :i* enables !m1 by sacrifices & incantations1 p]=m$ amid fea/+ & indulg5ce1 to make am5ds = any crime committ$ ei!r by ! individual himself or by 8 ance/ors4444 ,& 9 support ( all ^! ass]tions !y produce ! evid5ce ( poets--"s1 to exhibit ! facilities ( vice1 quot+ ! words3-- 8,:oso wick$ness seeks1 may ev5 9 masses obta9 x ,easily4 ,smoo? is ! way1 & %ort1 = nigh is h] dwell+4 ,virtue1 heav5 has orda9$1 %all be rea*$ by ! sweat ( ! =ehead40 --,hesiod1 ,works & ,days1 #bhg4ad ,x is ! fif? ,book1 h[ev]1 :i* has always excit$ ! greate/ int]e/ & controv]sy1 = !re9 he introduces 8 ,communi/ic views4 ,our int]e/ 9 x is increas$ by ! fact t x is ! orig9al ( ! ideal ,communisms ( mod]n writ]s--! prototype ( ! ,utopia ( ,m1 ( ! ,new ,atlantis ( ,francis ,bacon1 ! ,oceanica ( ,h>r+ton1 & ! ,gaud5tio ( ,b]keley1 c4 ,9 ma9ta9+ ! p]fect natural equality ( wom5 to m51#ae & insi/+ ^u an id5tity ( education & tra9+1 he advances propositions :i* p]haps only ! m advanc$ ( ! ass]tors ( wom5's rights might be prep>$ to ent]ta94 ,:atev] may h be5 said by ! v>i\s admir]s ( ,plato1 :o h be5 anxi\s to pres5t 8 political or social views 9 a light :i* might r5d] !m less 9 conflict ) mod]n ,cons]vatism1 !re c be no d\bt = any c&id read] ( ! ,republic t ! au?or publi%$ to ! _w 8 bon fide convictions4 ,"o ( ! dramatis p]son ( ! dialogue1 :ile express+ 8 concurr5ce 9 ! ,communi/ic legislation ( ,sokrates1 at ! same "t objects to ! difficulty ( realis+ x 9 actual life1 & desires ,sokrates to po9t out :e!r1 & h[1 x c\ld be really practicable4 ,:]eupon ,sokrates 7:o x is sc>cely necess>y to rem>k1 is ! conv5i5t m\?piece ( ,plato7 replies3 8,d y ?9k any ! worse ( an arti/ :o has pa9t$ ! beau idal ( human beauty1 & has left no?+ want+ 9 ! picture1 because he _c prove t su* a "o z he has pa9t$ might possibly exi/8 ,7 n we1 likewise1 propos+ to con/ruct1 9 !ory1 ! patt]n ( a p]fect ,/ate8 ,w our !ory suff] at all 9 y\r good op9ion if we _c prove t x is possible = a city to be organis$ 9 ! mann] propos$80 ,z has be5 well p>aphras$ by ! int]pret]s to :om we are indebt$ = ! ,engli% v]sion3 8,! possibilities ( realis+ su* a commonweal? 9 actual practice is q a second>y consid]ation1 :i* does n 9 ! lea/ affect ! s\ndness ( ! me?od or ! tru? ( ! results4 ,all t c fairly be dem&$ ( him is to %[ h[ ! imp]fect politics at pres5t exi/+ may be br\ght mo/ ne>ly into h>mony ) ! p]fect ,/ate :i* has j be5 describ$4 ,to br+ ab\t ?is great result "o fundam5tal *ange is necess>y1 & only "o3 ! highe/ political p[] mu/1 by "s means or o!r1 be ve/$ 9 philosoph]s40 ,! next po9t to be det]m9$ is1 ,:at is1 or ought to be1 impli$ by ! t]m philosoph]1 & :at are ! *>act]i/ics ( ! true philosophic disposition8 8,!y are--7#a7 an eag] desire = ! k ( all real exi/5ce2 7#b7 hatr$ ( falsehood1 & devot$ love ( tru?2 7#c7 contempt = ! pleasures ( ! body2 7#d7 indiff]5ce to money2 7#e7 high-m9d$ness & lib]ality2 7#f7 ju/ice & g5tl5ess2 7#g7 a quick appreh5sion & a good memory2 7#h7 a musical1 regul>1 & h>moni\s disposition40 ,b h[ is ?is disposition to be secur$8 ,"u ! pres5t condition ( ?+s1 & ! corrupt+ influ5ces ( v>i\s k9ds1 :]e temptations ab\nd to compromise tru? & sub/itute exp$i5cy & self-int]e/1 x w\ld seem wellnigh impossible & ,utopian to expect x4 8,h[ is ?is evil to be rem$i$8 ,! ,/ate itself mu/ regulate ! /udy ( philosophy1 & mu/ take c>e t ! /ud5ts pursue x on "r pr9ciples1 & at a "r age4 ,& n[1 surely1 we may expect to be believ$ :5 we ass]t t if a ,/ate is to prosp] x mu/ be gov]n$ by philosoph]s4 ,if su* a cont+5cy %\ld ev] take place 7& :y %\ld x n871 our ideal ,/ate w und\bt$ly be realis$4 ,s t1 ^u ! :ole1 we come to ?is conclusion3 ,! con/itution j describ$ is ! be/1 if x c be realis$2 & to realise x is difficult1 b n impossible40 ,at ?is mom5t1 :5 ! "q ( compulsory education1 "u ! imm$iate sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,/ate1 is be+ f\ght ) s mu* fi]c5ess--on "o side1 at lea/--to recur to ,plato might n be )\t advantage4 ,9 ! mo/ fam\s dialogue ( ,plato--! ,republic1 or1 z x might be t]m$ ,on ,ju/ice--! pr9cipal int]locutors1 besides ,sokrates1 are ,glaukon1 ,polyma*us1 & ,adeimantus2 & ! :ole piece orig9ates 9 ! *ance "q :i* rose betwe5 !m1 8,:at is ,ju/ice80 ,9 ! second ,book1 f :i* ! foll[+ passage is tak51 ! discussion turns ^u ! orig9 ( society1 :i* gives opportunity to ,sokrates to develop 8 op9ions ^u ! diet be/ adapt$ = ! community--at all ev5ts1 = ! great majority3-- 8#8,!y ! artisans & "w-p g5]ally w live1 ,i suppose1 on b>ley & :eat1 bak+ cakes ( ! meal1 & knead+ loaves ( ! fl\r4 ,& spread+ ^! excell5t cakes & loaves ^u mats ( /raw or on clean leaves1 & !mselves recl9+ on rude b$s ( yew or myrtle-b\ghs1 !y w make m]ry1 !mselves & _! *ildr51 dr9k+ _! w9e1 weav+ g>l&s1 & s++ ! praises ( ! gods1 enjoy+ "o ano!r's society1 & n begett+ *ildr5 beyond _! means1 ?r\gh a prud5t fe> ( pov]ty or w>4' 8,glaukon "h int]rupt$ me1 rem>k+1 #8,app>5tly y describe y\r m5 fea/+1 )\t any?+ to reli% _! bread4'#af 8#8,true1' ,i said1 #8,i _h =gott54 ,( c\rse !y w h some?+ to reli% _! food4 ,salt1 no d\bt1 & olives1 & *eese1 toge!r ) ! c\ntry f>e ( boil$ onions & cabbage4 ,we %all also set be=e !m a dess]t1 ,i imag9e1 ( figs1 pease1 & beans3 !y may roa/ myrtle-b]ries & bee*-nuts at ! fire1 tak+ w9e ) _! fruit 9 mod]ation4 ,& ?us1 pass+ _! days 9 tranquillity & s\nd heal?1 !y w1 9 all probability1 live to an advanc$ age1 & dy+1 bequea? to _! *ildr5 a life 9 :i* _! own w be reproduc$4' 8,^u ?is ,glaukon exclaim$1 #8,:y1 ,sokrates1 if y 7 f\nd+ a community ( sw9e1 ?is is j ! /yle 9 :i* y w\ld fe$ !m up6' 8#8,h[1 !n1' said ,i1 #8w\ld y h !m live1 ,glaukon8' 8#8,9 a civilis$ mann]1' he repli$4 #8,!y ought to recl9e on c\*es1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 if !y are n to h a h>d life ( x1 & d9e (f tables1 & h ! usual di%es & dess]t ( a mod]n d9n]4' 8#8,v good3 ,i und]/&4 ,app>5tly we are consid]+ ! gr[?1 n ( a city m]ely1 b ( a luxuri\s city4 ,i d>e say x is n a bad plan1 = by ?is ext5sion ( our inquiry we %all p]haps discov] h[ x is t ju/ice & inju/ice take root 9 cities4 ,n[1 x appe>s to me t ! city :i* we h describ$ is ! g5u9e &1 s to speak1 heal?y city4 ,b if y wi% u also to contemplate a city t is suff]+ f inflammation1 !re is no?+ to h9d] u4 ,"s p w n be satisfi$1 x seems1 ) ! f>e or ! mode ( life :i* we h describ$1 b mu/ h1 9 addition1 c\*es & tables & e o!r article ( furniture1 z well z vi&s4444 ,sw9eh]ds aga9 are among ! additions we %all require--a class ( p]sons n to be f\nd1 because n want$1 9 our =m] city1 b ne$$ among ! re/ 9 ?is4 ,we %all also ne$ great quantities ( all k9ds ( cattle = ^? :o may wi% to eat !m1 %all we n8' 8#8,( c\rse we %all4' 8#8,!n %all we n exp]i5ce ! ne$ ( m$ical m5 also to a mu* great] ext5t "u ?is ?an "u ! =m] rgime8' 8#8,yes1 inde$4' 8#8,! c\ntry1 too1 ,i presume1 :i* 0 =m]ly adequate to ! support ( its !n inhabitants1 w be n[ too small1 & adequate no long]4 ,%all we say s8' 8#8,c]ta9ly4' 8#8,!n mu/ we n cut ourselves a slice ( our neighb\rs' t]ritory1 if we are to h l& en\gh bo? = pa/ure & tillage8 ,:ile !y w d ! same to ours if !y1 l u1 p]mit !mselves to ov]/ep ! limit ( necess>ies1 & plunge into ! unb\nd$ acquisition ( weal?4' 8#8,x mu/ inevitably be s1 ,sokrates4' 8#8,w our next /ep be to g to w>1 ,glaukon1 or h[ w x be8' 8#8,z y say4' 8,at ?is /age ( our inquiry let u avoid ass]t+ ei!r t w> does good or t x does h>m1 conf9+ ourselves to ?is /atem5t--t we h fur!r trac$ ! orig9 ( w> to causes :i* are ! mo/ fruitful s\rces ( :atev] evils befall a ,/ate1 ei!r 9 its corporate capacity or 9 its individual memb]s40 7,book ,,ii47#ag ,ju/ly hold+ t ! be/ laws w be ( little avail unless ! adm9i/rators ( !m %all be j & virtu\s1 ,sokrates1 9 ! ,?ird ,book1 proce$s to lay d[n rules = ! education & diet ( ! magi/rates or executive1 :om he calls--9 con=mity ) ! ,communi/ic sy/em--gu>dians3-- 8#8,we h already said1' proce$s ,sokrates1 #8t ! p]sons 9 "q mu/ refra9 f drunk5ness2 = a gu>dian is ! la/ p]son 9 ! _w1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 to be all[$ to get drunk1 & n "k :]e he is4' 8#8,truly x w\ld be ridicul\s = a gu>dian to require a gu>d4' 8#8,b ab\t eat+3 our m5 are combatants 9 a mo/ important ar5a1 are !y n8' 8#8,!y are4' 8#8,!n w ! habit ( body :i* is cultivat$ by ! tra9$ fight]s ( ! ,pal/ra be suitable to su* p]sons8' 8#8,p]haps x w4' 8#8,well1 b ?is is a sleepy k9d ( regim51 & produces a prec>i\s /ate ( heal?2 = d y n obs]ve t m5 9 ! regul> tra9+ sleep _! life away1 &1 if !y dep>t only slightly f ! prescrib$ diet1 are attack$ by s]i\s maladies 9 _! wor/ =m8' 8#8,i d4' 99 99 99 99 99 8#8,9 fact1 x w\ld n be amiss1 ,i imag9e1 to comp>e ?is :ole sy/em ( fe$+ & liv+ to t k9d ( music & s++ :i* is adapt$ to ! panh>monicum1 & compos$ 9 e v>iety ( rhy?m4' 8#8,und\bt$ly x w\ld be a j comp>ison4' 8#8,is x n true1 !n1 t z 9 music v>iety begat dissolut5ess 9 ! s\l1 s "h x begets disease 9 ! body1 :ile simplicity 9 gymna/ic diet is z productive ( heal? z 9 music x 0 productive ( temp]ance8' 8#8,mo/ true4' 8#8,b :5 dissolut5ess & diseases ab\nd 9 a city1 are n law c\rts & surg]ies op5$ 9 abundance1 & d n ,law & ,physic beg9 to hold _! heads high1 :5 numb]s ev5 ( well-born p]sons devote !mselves ) eag]ness to ^! pr(essions8' 8#8,:at else c we expect8' 99 99 99 99 99 8#8,& d y n hold x disgraceful to require m$ical aid1 unless x be = a w\nd1 or an attack ( illness incid5tal to ! "t ( ! ye>--to require x1 ,i mean1 ow+ to our laz9ess & ! life we lead1 & to get ourselves s /uff$ ) hum\rs & w9d1 l quagmires1 z to compel ! clev] sons ( ,asklepios to call diseases by su* names z flatul5ce & cat>rh8' 8#8,to be sure1 ^! are v /range & new-fangl$ names = disord]s4'0 7,book ,,iii47 ,else:]e1 9 a well-kn[n passage 79 ,! ,laws71 ,plato pron\nces t ! spr+s ( human conduct & moral wor? dep5d pr9cipally on diet4 8,i obs]ve10 says he1 8t m5's ?\ghts & actions are intimately connect$ ) ! ?reefold ne$ & desire 7accord+ly z !y are prop]ly us$ or abus$1 virtue or its opposite is ! result7 ( eat+1 dr9k+1 & sexual love40 ,he himself 0 rem>kable = ! extreme frugality ( 8 liv+4 ,l mo/ ( 8 c\ntrym51 he 0 a great eat] ( figs2 & s mu* did he affect t frugal repa/ t he 0 call$1 p> excell5ce1 ! 8lov] ( figs0 774 ,! ,greeks1 9 g5]al1 7 not$ among ! ,europeans = _! ab/emi\sness2 & ,antiphanes1 ! comic poet 79 ,a!nu71 t]ms !m 8leaf-eat]s0 774 ,among/ ! ,greeks1 ! ,a!nians & ,sp>tans 7 specially not$ = frugal liv+4 ,t ( ! latt] is prov]bial4 ,! comic poets frequ5tly ref]1 9 t]ms ( ridicule1 to :at seem$ to !m s unacc\ntable an indiff]5tism to ! 8good ?+s0 ( life on ! "p ( ! witty & ref9$ p ( ,attica4 ,see ! ,deipnosophi/s 7d9n]-philosoph]s7 ( ,a!nu 7! great rep]tory ( ! bon-vivantism ( ! "t71 & ,plut>*'s ,symposiacs4 ,x has be5 po9t$ out by ,pr(essor ,mahaffy1 9 8 rec5t "w on old ,greek life1 t slaught]-h\ses & but*]s are seldom1 or nev]1 m5tion$ 9 ,greek lit]ature4 8,! eat+ ( fle% meat10 he obs]ves1 8mu/ h be5 almo/ conf9$ to sacrificial fea/s2 =1 9 ord9>y language1 but*]s' meat 0 call$ victim 774 ,! mo/ e/eem$1 or popul>1 di%es 7 madsa1 a sort ( porridge ( :eat or b>ley2 v>i\s k9ds ( bread 7see ,deipn4 iii472 honey1 beans1 lup9es1 lettuce & salad1 onions & leeks4 ,olives1 dates1 & figs =m$ ! usual fruit portion ( _! meals4 ,9 reg>d to non-vegetable food1 fi% 0 ! mo/ s\ght aft] & pref]r$ to any?+ else2 & ! well-kn[n t]m opson1 :i* s frequ5tly recurs 9 ,greek lit]ature1 0 specially appropriat$ to x4 ,contempor>y ) ! great ma/] ( language 0 ! great ma/] ( m$ic9e1 ,hippokrates1 7#dfj-ceg7 :o is to 8 sci5ce :at ,hom] is to poetry & ,h]odotus to hi/ory--! fir/ hi/orical f\nd] ( ! art ( heal+4 ,he 0 a native ( ,ks1 a small isl& ( ! ,s4,w4 coa/ ( ,less] ,asia1 ! traditional cradle & home ( ! disciples ( ,asklepios1 or sculapius 7z he 0 t]m$ by ! ,lat9s71 ! semi-div9e au?or & patron ( m$ic9e4 ,& x may be rem>k$1 9 pass+1 t ! ,college ( ,asklepiads ( ,ks 7 c>eful to ex]cise a despotism z sev]e & exclusive z t :i* obta9s1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) ! mod]n or?odox s*ools4 ,among/ a l>ge numb] ( writ+s ( v>i\s k9ds attribut$ to ,hippokrates is ! treatise ,on ,regim5 9 ,acute ,diseases 7 71 :i* is g5]ally receiv$ z g5u9e2 & ,on ! ,heal?ful ,regim5 7 71 :i* belongs to ! same age1 ?\gh n to ! canonical writ+s ( ! f\nd] ( ! s*ool himself4 ,he 0 ! au?or1 real or reput$1 ( "s ( ! mo/ valuable apoph!gms ( ,greek antiquity4 ,ars longa--,vita brevis 7education is sl[2 life is %ort7 is ! be/ kn[n1 & mo/ (t5 quot$4 ,:at is /ill m to our purpose is 8 maxim--8,ov]-dr9k+ is almo/ z bad z ov]-eat+40 ,( all ! productions ( ?is mo/ volum9\s ( writ]s1 8 ,aphorisms 771 9 :i* ^! specim5s ( laconic wisdom are collect$1 & :i* consi/s ( "s f\r hundr$ %ort practical s5t5ces1 are ! mo/ popul>4 ,ab\t a c5tury aft] ! dea? ( ,plato appe>$ a popul> exposition ( ! ,py?agorean tea*+1 9 hexamet]s1 :i* is kn[n by ! title giv5 to x by ,iambli*us--! ,gold5 ,v]ses4 8,m ?an half ( !m10 says ,pr(essor ,clif=d1 8consi/ ( a sort ( v]sifi$ #8,duty to ,god & my ,neighb\r1' except t x is n design$ by ! ri* to be obey$ by ! poor2 t x lays /ress on ! laws ( heal?2 & t x is j su* s5sible c\nsel = ! good & "r conduct ( life z an ,engli%man might n[-a-days give to 8 son40 ,hi]okles1 an em95t ,neo-,platoni/ ( ! fif? c5tury1 ,a4,d41 gave a c\rse ( lectures ^u !m at ,alex&ria--:i* s9ce ! "t ( ! ,ptolemies _h be5 "o ( ! *ief c5tres ( ,greek le>n+ & sci5ce--& 8 comm5t>y is suffici5tly int]e/+4 ,sudas1 ! lexicograph]1 speaks ( 8 matt] & /yle 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( praise4 8,he a/oni%$ 8 he>]s ev]y:]e10 he tells u1 8by ! calm1 ! magnific5ce1 ! wid? ( 8 sup]lative intellect1 & by ! sweetness ( 8 spee*1 full ( ! mo/ beautiful words & ?+s40 ,! ,alex&rian lectur] quotes ! old ,py?agorean maxims3 8,y %all hon\r ,god be/ by becom+ godlike 9 y\r ?\ghts4 ,:oso give? ,god hon\r z to "o t ne$e? x1 t man 9 8 folly ha? made himself great] ?an ,god4 ,! wise man only is a prie/1 is a lov] ( ,god1 is skilful to pray2 444 = t man only kn[s h[ to wor%ip1 :o beg9s by (f]+ himself z ! victim1 fa%ions 8 own s\l into a div9e image1 & furni%es 8 m9d z a temple = ! reception ( ! div9e light40 ,! foll[+ extracts w s]ve z a specim5 ( ! religi\s or moral "* ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses3-- 8,let n sleep come ^u ?9e eyelids till ?\ ha/ pond]$ ?y de$s ( ! day4 8,:]e9 h ,i s9n$8 ,:at "w h ,i done1 :at left undone t ,i ought to h done8 8,beg9n+ at ! fir/1 g ?r\gh ev5 unto ! la/1 & !n let ?y he>t smite !e = ! evil de$s1 b rejoice 9 ! good "w4 8,"w at ^! comm&m5ts & ?9k ^u !m3 ^! comm&m5ts %alt ?\ love4 8,!y %all surely set !e 9 ! way ( div9e righte\sness3 yea1 by ,him :o gave into our s\l ! ,tetrad1#ah well-spr+ ( life ev]la/+4 99 99 99 99 99 8,"k s f> z is p]mitt$ !e1 t ,nature 9 all ?+s is l unto h]self3 8,t ?\ maye/ n hope t ( :i* !re is no hope1 nor be ignorant ( t :i* may be4 8,"k ?\ also1 t ! woes ( m5 are ! "w ( _! own h&s4 8,mis]able are !y1 because !y see n & he> n ! good t is v nigh !m3 & ! way ( escape f evil few !re be t und]/& x4 99 99 99 99 99 8,v]ily1 ,fa!r ,zeus1 ?\ w\ld/ free all m5 f mu* evil1 if ?\ w\ld/ tea* all m5 :at mann] ( _s !y are (4 99 99 99 99 99 8,keep f ! meats a=esaid1 us+ judgm5t bo? 9 cleans+ & sett+ free ! s\l4 8,give he$ to e matt]1 & set reason on high1 :o be/ holde? ! re9s ( guidance4#ai 8,!n :5 ?\ leave/ ! body1 & come/ into ! free !r1 ?\ %alt be a god undy+1 ev]la/+1 nei!r %all dea? h any m dom9ion ov] !e40 ,ref]r+ to ^! v]ses1 :i* inculcate t ! human race is itself responsible = ! evils :i* m51 = ! mo/ "p1 pref] to regret ?an to rem$y1 ,pr(essor ,clif=d1 to :om we are indebt$ = ! above v]sion ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses1 rem>ks on ! m]its ( ?is tea*+1 t x rem9ds u t 8m5 suff] f prev5tible evils1 t ! p p]i% = lack ( k40#bj ,?us we f9d t ! pr9cipal ob/ructions1 9 all ages1 to human progress & p]fectibility may be ev] f\nd 9 ,,ignorance & ,,selfi%ness4 ,,iv4 ,,ovid4 #dc ,b4,c4--#ah ,a4,d4 ,! s*ool ( ,py?agoras & ( ,plato1 al?\gh x 0 n ! fa%ionable or popul> religion ( ,rome1 c\nt$ among/ its disciples "s di/+ui%$ ,italians1 & ! "n ( ,cic]o1 :o belong$ to ! 8,new ,academy10 is suffici5tly illu/ri\s4 ,! ,italians1 h[ev]1 :o borr[$ _! religion z well z _! lit]ature f ! ,greeks1 7 nev] di/+ui%$1 l _! ma/]s1 = t ref9em5t ( ?\ght :i* might h l$ !m to atta* !mselves to ! ,py?agorean tea*+4 ,"u ! bloody despotism ( ! ,empire1 ! philosophy :i* 0 mo/ affect$ by ! lit]ati & ^? :o 7 driv5 to ! consolations ( philosophy 0 ! /oical1 :i* taught its disciples to consid] apa?y z ! summum bonum ( exi/5ce4 ,?is s*ool ( philosophy1 :atev] its o!r m]its1 0 too mu* c5tr$ 9 self--p>adoxical z ! ass]tion may seem--to h mu* reg>d = ! re/ ( mank9d1 mu* less = ! non-human species4 ,nor1 :ile !y pr(ess$ supreme contempt = ! luxuries & ev5 com=ts ( life1 did ! disciples ( ! 8,por*10 9 g5]al1 practice ab/95ce f any exalt$ motive1 humanit>ian or spiritual4 ,!y prea*$ indiff]5ce = ! 8good ?+s0 ( ?is life1 n s mu* to elevate ! spiritual & moral side ( human nature z to %[ _! contempt = human life altoge!r4 ,t ! ,italian 0 ess5tially ( a m b>b>\s nature ?an ! ,greek is app>5t 9 ! national spectacles & amusem5ts4 ,! savage sc5es ( gladiatorial & non-human combat & int]nec9e slaught] ( ! ,lat9 amphi!atres1 ( :i* ! fam\s ,colosseum 9 ! capital 0 ! model ( _m o!rs 9 ! prov9ces1 7 abhorr5t to ! m ref9$ ,greek m9d4#ba ,9 view ( sc5es s sangu9>y--! 8,roman holiday0--x is sc>cely necess>y to obs]ve t humanit>ianism 0 a cre$ unkn[n to ! ,italians2 & x 0 n likely t a p1 addict$ ?r\gh\t _! c>e] z a dom9ant race to ! mo/ bloody w>s1 n only =eign b also int]nec9e1 ) :om fight+ & slaught] ( _! own k9d 0 an almo/ daily occupation1 %\ld ent]ta9 any feel+ ( pity 7to say no?+ ( ju/ice7 t[>ds _! non-human dep5dants4 ,nev]!less1 ev5 !y 7 n :olly inaccessible1 on occasion1 to ! prompt+ ( pity4 ,ref]r+ to a gr& spectacle giv5 by ,pompeius at ! d$ication ( 8 !atre 7,b4,c4 #ee71 9 :i* a l>ge numb] ( elephants1 among/ o!rs1 7 =c$ to fight1 ! eld] ,pl9y tells u3-- 8,:5 !y lo/ ! hope ( escape1 !y s\ght ! compassion ( ! cr[d ) an appe>ance t is indescribable1 bewail+ !mselves ) a sort ( lam5tation s mu* to ! pa9 ( ! populace t1 =getful ( ! imp]ator & ! elaborate munific5ce display$ = _! hon\r1 !y all rose up 9 te>s & be/[$ imprecations on ,pompeius1 ( :i* he soon aft] exp]i5c$ ! effect40#bb ,cic]o1 :o 0 himself pres5t at ! spectacle ( ! ,circus1 9 a lett] to a fri5d1 ,m>cus ,m>ius1 writes3-- 8,:at foll[$1 = five days1 0 successive combats betwe5 a man & a wild bea/4 7,v5ationes b947 ,x 0 magnific5t4 ,no "o disputes x4 ,b :at pleasure c x be to a p]son ( ref9em5t1 :5 ei!r a weak man is torn to pieces by a v p[]ful bea/1 or a noble animal is /ruck ?r\gh by a hunt+ spe>8444 ,! la/ day 0 t ( ! elephants1 9 :i* !re 0 great a/oni%m5t on ! "p ( ! populace & cr[d1 b no enjoym5t4 ,inde$ !re foll[$ a degree ( compassion1 & a c]ta9 idea t !re is a sort ( fell[%ip betwe5 t huge animal & ! human race40 7,cic]o1 ,ep4 ad ,div]sos vii41 #a47 ,te/imonies :i* might induce "o almo/ to ?9k t1 _h n !y be5 sy/ematically & indu/ri\sly accu/om$ to ^! horrible & gigantic but*]ies by _! rul]s1 ev5 ! ,roman populace might h be5 susceptible ( bett] feel+s & desires ?an ^? inspir$ by _! amphi!atres1 ?\gh ^! savage exhibitions 7 p]haps h>dly worse ?an ! combats & slaught] 9 ! bull-r+s ( ,seville or ,madrid1 or at ! c\rts ( ! ,mohamm$an pr9ces ( ,india rec5tly sanction$ by ! pres5ce ( ,engli% royalty4 ,x is wor? not+1 9 pass+1 t :ile ! gladiatorial slaught]s 7 discont9u$ "s ye>s aft] ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! o!r "p ( ! ent]ta9m5t--! indiscrim9ate combats & slaught] ( ! non-human victims--cont9u$ to be exhibit$ to a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,if we reflect t ! rise ( ! humanit>ian _s 9 ,*ri/ian ,europe1 or r 9 ! bett] section ( x1 is ( v rec5t orig91 x might appe> unreasonable to look = any di/9ct exhibition ( s exalt$ a feel+ 9 ! y\ng] age ( ! _w4 ,yet1 to ! %ame ( m advanc$ civilisations1 we f9d manife/ations ( x 9 ! writ+s ( a few ( ! m ref9$ m9ds ( ,greece & ,italy2 & ,plut>* & ,s5eca--! =m] p>ticul>ly--occupy a di/+ui%$ place among/ ! fir/ prea*]s ( t sacr$ tru?4#bc ,publius ,ovidius ,naso1 ! ,lat9 v]sifi] ( ! ,py?agorean philosophy1 0 born ,b4,c4 #dc4 ,he belong$ to ! eque/rian ord]1 a position 9 ! social scale :i* corresponds ) ! 8high] middle class0 ( mod]n days4 ,l s _m o!r names em95t 9 lit]ature1 he 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance educat$ = ! law1 = :i*1 also l _m o!r lit]>y celebrities1 he soon %[$ 8 g5ius to be unfitt$ & uncong5ial4 ,he /udi$ at ! great ,univ]sity ( t age--,a!ns--:]e he acquir$ a k ( ! ,greek language1 & probably ( its ri* lit]ature4 ,! mo/ memorable ev5t 9 8 life--:i*1 9 accordance ) ! fa%ion ( 8 contempor>ies ( ! same rank1 0 = ! mo/ "p devot$ to 8gallantry0 & ! accu/om$ amatory lic5ce--is 8 my/]i\s bani%m5t f ,rome to ! inhospitable & savage %ores ( ! ,eux9e1 :]e he pass$ ! la/ sev5 ye>s ( 8 exi/5ce1 dy+ !re 9 ! sixtie? ye> ( 8 age4 ,! cause ( 8 sudd5 exile f ! ,c\rt ( ,augu/us1 :]e he _h be5 9 high fav\r1 is "o ( ^? secrets ( hi/ory :i* h ex]cis$ ! +5uity ( 8 successive biograph]s4 ,accord+ to ! t]ms ( ! imp]ial edict1 ! fre$om ( ! poet's ,ars ,amatoria 0 ! (f5ce4 ,t ?is 0 a m]e pretext is pla91 z well f ! long int]val ( "t :i* _h pass$ s9ce ! publication ( ! poem z f ! "* ( ! fa%ionable society ( ! capital4 ,ovid himself attributes 8 mis=tune to ! fact ( 8 hav+ become ! involunt>y witness ( "s secret ( ! palace1 ! nature ( :i* is n divulg$4 ,8 mo/ important poems are 7#a7 ,! ,metamorphoses1 9 fifte5 books1 s call$ f its be+ a collection ( ! num]\s trans=mations ( ! popul> !ology4 ,x is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ *>m+ ( ,lat9 poems t h come d[n to u4 ,p>ticul> passages h a special beauty4 7#b7 ,! ,fa/i1 9 twelve books1 ( :i* only six are extant1 is ! ,roman ,cal5d> 9 v]se4 ,its int]e/1 ap>t f ! poetic g5ius ( ! au?or1 is great1 z be+ ! gr& rep]tory ( ! ,lat9 fea/s & _! popul> orig94 ,besides ^! two pr9cipal poems he 0 ! au?or ( ! fam\s ,loves1 9 ?ree books2 ! ,lett]s ( ! ,h]o9es1 ,! ,rem$ies ( ,love1 & ,! ,tri/ia1 or ,sad ,?\ghts4 ,he also wrote a trag$y--,m$ea--:i*1 un=tunately has n come d[n to u4 ,all 8 poems are *>act]is$ by elegance & a rem>kable smoo?ness & regul>ity ( v]sification1 & 9 mu* ( 8 productions !re is an unusual beauty & picturesqu5ess ( poetic ideas4 ,! foll[+ passage f ! fifte5? book ( ! ,metamorphoses has be5 ju/ly said by ,dryd51 8 translator1 to be ! f9e/ "p ( ! :ole poem4 ,x is almo/ impossible to believe b t1 9 spite ( 8 missp5t life1 he mu/ h felt1 9 8 bett] mom5ts at lea/1 some?+ ( ! tru? & beauty ( ! ,py?agorean pr9ciples :i* he s exquisitely v]sifies4 ,9 ! t\*+ words :i* he puts into ! m\? ( ! jeal\s ,m$ea--! murd]ess ( h] *ildr5--he might h exclaim$ 9 8 own case-- 8,video meliora proboque ,det]iora sequor40#bd 8,he ,py?agoras1 too1 0 ! fir/ to =bid animals to be s]v$ up at ! table1 & he 0 fir/ to op5 8 lips1 inde$ full ( wisdom yet all unhe$$1 9 ! foll[+ words3 #8,=be>1 ,o mortals6 to pollute y\r bodies ) su* abom9able food4 ,!re are ! f>9acea 7fruges71 !re are ! fruits :i* be> d[n ! bran*es ) _! weight1 & !re are ! grapes swell+ on ! v9es2 !re are ! sweet h]bs2 !re are ^? t may be s(t5$ by ! flame & become t5d]4 ,nor is ! milky juice d5i$ y2 nor honey1 r$ol5t ( ! fl[] ( ?yme4 ,! lavi% ,e>? heaps up h] ri*es & h] g5tle foods1 & (f]s y da9ties )\t blood & )\t slaught]4 ,! l[] animals satisfy _! rav5\s hung] ) fle%4 ,& yet n all ( !m2 = ! horse1 ! %eep1 ! c[s & ox5 subsi/ on grass2 :ile ^? ^: disposition is cruel & fi]ce1 ! tig]s ( ,arm5ia & ! rag+ lions1 & ! wolves & be>s1 revel 9 _! bloody diet4 8#8,alas6 :at a mon/r\s crime x is 7scelus7 t entrails %\ld be entomb$ 9 entrails2 t "o rav5+ body %\ld gr[ fat on o!rs :i* x crams into x2 t "o liv+ creature %\ld live by ! dea? ( ano!r liv+ creature6 ,amid s great an abundance :i* ! ,e>?--t be/ ( mo!rs--produces does1 inde$1 no?+ delight y b to gnaw ) savage tee? ! sad produce ( ! w\nds y inflict & to imitate ! habits ( ! ,cyclops8 ,c y n appease ! hung] ( a voraci\s & ill-regulat$ /oma* unless y fir/ de/roy ano!r be+8 ,yet t age ( old1 to :i* we h giv5 ! "n ( gold51 0 ble/ 9 ! produce ( ! trees & 9 ! h]bs :i* ! e>? br+s =?1 & ! human m\? 0 n pollut$ ) blood4 8#8,!n ! birds mov$ _! w+s secure 9 ! air1 & ! h>e1 )\t fe>1 w&]$ 9 ! op5 fields4 ,!n ! fi% did n fall a victim to ! hook & its own cr$ulity4 ,e place 0 void ( trea*]y2 !re 0 no dread ( injury--all ?+s 7 full ( peace4 ,9 lat] ages "s "o--a mis*iev\s innovator 7non utilis auctor71 :oev] he 0--set at naught & scorn$ ?is pure & simple food1 & engulf$ 9 8 gre$y paun* victuals made f a c>case4 ,x 0 he t op5$ ! road to wick$ness4 ,i c believe t ! /eel1 s9ce /a9$ ) blood1 0 fir/ dipp$ 9 ! gore ( savage wild bea/s2 & t 0 lawful en\gh4 ,we hold t ! bodies ( animals t seek our de/ruction are put to dea? )\t any brea* ( ! sacr$ laws ( morality4 ,b al?\gh !y might be put to dea? !y 7 n to be eat5 z well4 ,f ?is "t ! abom9ation advanc$ rapidly4 ,! sw9e is believ$ to h be5 ! fir/ victim de/9$ to slaught]1 because x grubb$ up ! se$s ) its broad sn\t1 & s cut %ort ! hopes ( ! ye>4 ,= gnaw+ & injur+ ! v9e ! goat 0 l$ to slaught] at ! alt>s ( ! av5g+ ,bac*us4 ,its own fault 0 ! ru9 ( ea* ( ^! victims4 8#8,b h[ h y des]v$ to die1 ye %eep1 y h>mless bre$ t h come into exi/5ce = ! s]vice ( m5--:o c>ry nect> 9 y\r full udd]s--:o give y\r wool z s(t cov]+s = u--:o assi/ u m by y\r life ?an by y\r dea?8 ,:y h ! ox5 des]v$ ?is--be+s )\t guile & )\t deceit--innoc5t1 mild1 born = ! endurance ( lab\r8 ,ungrateful1 inde$1 is man1 & unwor?y ( ! b\nte\s gifts ( ! h>ve/ :o1 aft] unyok+ him f ! pl\gh1 c slaught] ! till] ( 8 fields--:o c /rike ) ! axe t neck worn b>e ) lab\r1 ?r\gh :i* he _h s (t5 turn$ up ! h>d gr\nd1 & :i* _h af=d$ s _m a h>ve/4 8#8,& x is n en\gh t su* wick$ness is committ$ by m54 ,!y h involv$ ! gods !mselves 9 ?is abom9ation1 & !y believe t a ,deity 9 ! heav5s c rejoice 9 ! slaught] ( ! labori\s & useful ox4 ,! spotless victim1 excell+ 9 ! beauty ( its =m 7= its v beauty is ! cause ( its de/ruction71 deck$ out ) g>l&s & ) gold is plac$ be=e _! alt>s1 &1 ignorant ( ! purport ( ! proce$+s1 x he>s ! pray]s ( ! prie/4 ,x sees ! fruits :i* x cultivat$ plac$ on its head betwe5 its horns1 &1 /ruck d[n1 ) its life-blood x dyes ! sacrificial knife :i* x _h p]haps already se5 9 ! cle> wat]4 ,imm$iately !y inspect ! n]ves & fibres torn f ! yet liv+ be+1 & scrut9ise ! w ( ! gods 9 !m4 8#8,f :5ce su* a hung] 9 man aft] unnatural & unlawful food8 ,d y d>e1 ,o mortal race1 to cont9ue to fe$ on fle%8 ,d x n1 ,i besee* y1 & give he$ to my admonitions4 ,& :5 y pres5t to y\r palates ! limbs ( slaught]$ ox51 "k & feel t y are fe$+ on ! till]s ( ! gr\nd4'0--,metam4 xv41 #gc-adb4 ,v4 ,,s5eca4 ,,di$ #fe ,a4,d4 ,lucius ,annu ,s5eca1 ! greate/ "n 9 ! /oic s*ool ( philosophy1 & ! fir/ ( ,lat9 morali/s1 0 born at ,corduba 7,cordova7 almo/ contemporane\sly ) ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,8 family1 l t ( ,ovid1 0 ( ! eque/rian ord]4 ,he 0 ( a weakly con/itution2 & bodily feebl5ess1 z ) _m o!r great intellects1 s]v$ to int5sify if n orig9ate1 ! activity ( ! m9d4 ,at ,rome1 ) :i* he e>ly made acqua9tance1 he soon ga9$ great di/9ction at ! b>2 & ! eloqu5ce & f]v\r he display$ 9 ! ,s5ate be=e ! ,emp]or ,caligula excit$ ! jeal\s hatr$ ( t insane tyrant4 ,lat] 9 life he obta9$ a prtor%ip1 & he 0 also appo9t$ to ! tutor%ip ( ! "y ,domitius1 aft]w>ds ! ,emp]or ,n]o4 ,on ! accession ( t pr9ce1 at ! age ( sev5te51 to ! imp]ial ?rone1 ,s5eca became "o ( 8 *ief advis]s4 ,un=tunately = 8 cr$it z a philosoph]1 :ile ex]t+ 8 influ5ce to re/ra9 ! vici\s prop5sities ( 8 old pupil1 he seems to h be5 too anxi\s to acquire1 n only a fair proportion ( weal?1 b ev5 an enorm\s =tune1 & 8 villas & g>d5s 7 ( s spl5did a k9d z to provoke ! jeal\sy & covet\sness ( ,n]o4 ,?is1 add$ to 8 alleg$ disp>agem5t ( ! pr9ce's tal5ts1 especially 9 s++ & driv+1 = :i* ,n]o p>ticul>ly desir$ to be fam\s1 0 ! cause ( 8 subsequ5t disgrace & dea?4 ,! philosoph] prud5tly attempt$ to anticipate ! w ( ,n]o by a volunt>y surr5d] ( all 8 accumulat$ possessions1 & he s\ght to dis>m ! jeal\s suspicions ( ! tyrant by a retir$ & uno/5tati\s life4 ,^! precautions 7 ( no avail2 8 dea? 0 already decid$4 ,he 0 accus$ ( complicity 9 ! conspiracy ( ,piso1 & ! only grace all[$ him 0 to be 8 own execution]4 ,! despair ( 8 wife1 ,pompeia ,paul9a1 he attempt$ to mitigate by ! reflection t 8 life _h be5 always direct$ by ! /&>d ( a high] morality4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c\ld dissuade h] f %>+ h] husb&'s fate1 & ! two fai?ful fri5ds laid op5 _! ve9s by ! same bl[4 ,advanc$ age & 8 extremely meagre diet _h left little blood 9 ,s5eca's ve9s1 & x fl[$ ) pa9ful sl[ness4 ,8 tortures 7 excessive &1 to avoid ! intol]able grief ( be+ witnesses ( ea* o!r's suff]+1 !y %ut !mselves up 9 sep>ate ap>tm5ts4 ,) t m>vell\s intrepid tranquillity :i* *>act]is$ "s ( ! old sages1 ,s5eca calmly dictat$ 8 la/ ?\ghts to 8 surr\nd+ fri5ds4 ,^! 7 aft]w>ds publi%$4 ,8 agonies be+ /ill prolong$1 he took hemlock2 & ?is also fail+1 he 0 c>ri$ into a vap\r-/ove1 :]e he 0 suffocat$1 & ?us at l5g? ceas$ to suff]4 ,9 e/imat+ ! "* ( ,s5eca1 x is j t we %\ld consid] all ! circum/ances ( ! exceptional "t 9 :i* 8 life 0 ca/4 ,p]haps !re has nev] be5 an age or p m utt]ly corrupt & ab&on$ ?an t ( ! p]iod ( ! e>li] ,roman ,cs>s & t ( ,rome & ! l>ge cities ( ! empire4 ,all[+ ! utmo/ t 8 detractors h br\ght aga9/ him1 ! moral "* ( ! au?or ( ! ,consolations & ,lett]s /&s out 9 bright relief z comp>$ ) t ( ! imm5se majority ( 8 contempor>ies ( equal rank & position1 :o 7 sunk 9 ! dep?s ( lic5ti\sness & ( selfi% indiff]5ce to ! mis]ies ( ! surr\nd+ _w4 ,t 8 public c>e] 0 n ( s exalt$ a "* altoge!r z are 8 moral precepts1 is only too pat5t to be d5i$ &1 9 ?is %ortcom+ ( a l(ti] ideal1 he mu/ %>e reproa* ) "s ( ! mo/ e/eem$ ( ! _w's lum9>ies4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we comp>e him ) ,cic]o or ) ,francis ,bacon1 ! comp>ison w\ld c]ta9ly be n unfav\rable to ,s5eca4 ,! d>ke/ /igma on ! reputation ( ! great ,lat9 morali/ is 8 connivance at ! dea? ( ! infam\s ,agripp9a1 ! "m ( 8 pupil ,n]o4 ,al?\gh n to be excus$1 we may fairly attribute ?is act to consci5ti\s1 if mi/ak51 motives4 ,8 be/ apology is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t1 s long z he assi/$ to direct ! c\nsels ( ,n]o1 he contriv$ to re/ra9 t pr9ce's deprav$ disposition f ^? outbreaks :i*1 aft] ! dea? ( ! philosoph]1 h /igmatis$ ! "n ( ,n]o ) undy+ infamy4 ,! pr9cipal writ+s ( ,s5eca are3-- #a4 ,on ,ang]4 ,8 e>lie/1 & p]haps 8 be/ kn[n1 "w4 #b4 ,on ,consolation4 ,address$ to 8 "m1 ,helvia4 ,an admirable philosophical exhortation4 #c4 ,on ,provid5ce2 or1 ,:y evils happ5 to good m5 ?\gh a div9e ,provid5ce may exi/4 #d4 ,on ,tranquillity ( ,m9d4 #e4 ,on ,clem5cy4 ,address$ to ,n]o ,cs>4 ,"o ( ! mo/ m]itori\s writ+s ( all antiquity4 ,x is n unwor?y ( be+ class$ ) ! humanit>ian prote/s ( ,becc>ia & ,voltaire4 ,! /oical di/9ction betwe5 clem5cy & pity 7mis]icordia71 9 book ii41 is1 z ,s5eca admits1 m]ely a dispute ab\t words4 #f4 ,on ! ,%ortness ( ,life4 ,9 :i* ! prop] employm5t ( "t & ! acquisition ( wisdom are eloqu5tly en=c$ z ! be/ employm5t ( a fleet+ life4 #g4 ,on a ,happy ,life4 ,9 :i* he inculcates t !re is no happ9ess )\t virtue4 ,an excell5t treatise4 #h4 ,on ,k9dnesses4 #i4 ,epi/les to ,lucilius4 #abd 9 numb]4 ,!y ab\nd 9 lessons & precepts 9 morality & philosophy1 &1 except+ ! ,de ,ir1 h be5 ! mo/ read1 p]haps1 ( all ,s5eca's productions4 #aj4 ,que/ions on ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,9 sev5 books4 ,besides ^! moral & philosophic works1 he compos$ sev]al trag$ies4 ,!y 7 n int5d$ = ! /age1 b r z moral lessons4 ,z 9 all 8 works1 !re is mu* ( e>ne/ ?\ght & feel+1 al?\gh express$ 9 rhetorical & declamatory language4 ,:at especially *>act]ises ,s5eca's writ+s is _! rem>kably humanit>ian _s4 ,altoge!r he is imbu$ ) ?is1 = ! mo/ "p1 v mod]n feel+ 9 a great] degree ?an any o!r writ]1 ,greek or ,lat94 ,plut>* inde$1 9 8 noble ,essay on ,fle% ,eat+1 is m expressly d5unciatory ( ! b>b>ism ( ! ,slaught] ,h\se1 & ( ! horrible cruelties insep>ably connect$ ) x1 & evid5tly felt m deeply ! importance ( expos+ its evils4 ,! ,lat9 morali/1 h[ev]1 deals ) a wid] range ( e?ical que/ions1 & on su* subjects1 z1 e4g41 ! relations ( ma/] & slave1 is f> ahead ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,8 treatm5t ( ,dietetics1 9 common ) t ( mo/ ( ! old-_w morali/s1 is r f ! spiritual & ascetic ?an f ! purely humanit>ian po9t ( view4 8,! judgm5ts on ,s5eca's writ+s10 says ! au?or ( ! article on ,s5eca 9 ,dr4 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,lat9 ,biography1 8h be5 z v>i\s z ! op9ions ab\t 8 "*1 & bo? 9 extremes4 ,x has be5 said ( him t he looks be/ 9 quotations2 b ?is is an admission t !re is some?+ wor? quot+1 :i* _c be said ( all writ]s4 ,t ,s5eca possess$ great m5tal p[]s _c be d\bt$4 ,he _h se5 mu* ( human life1 & he knew well :at man is4 ,8 philosophy1 s f> z he adopt$ a sy/em1 0 ! /oical2 b x 0 r an eclecticism ( /oicism ?an pure /oicism4 ,8 /yle is anti!tical1 & app>5tly lab\r$2 & :]e !re is mu* lab\r !re is g5]ally affectation4 ,yet 8 language is cle> & =cible--x is n m]e words--!re is ?\ght always4 ,x w\ld n be easy to "n any mod]n writ]1 :o has treat$ on morality & has said s mu* t is practically good & true1 or has treat$ ! matt] 9 s attractive a way40 ,j]ome1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,writ]s1 hesitates to include him 9 ! catalogue ( 8 sa9ts only because he is n c]ta9 ( ! g5u95ess ( ! alleg$ lit]>y correspond5ce betwe5 ,s5eca & ,/4 ,paul4 ,we may obs]ve1 9 pass+1 on ! rem>kable co9cid5ce ( ! pres5ce ( ! two greate/ tea*]s ( ! old & ! new fai?s 9 ! capital ( ! ,roman ,empire at ! same "t2 & x is possible1 or r highly probable1 t ,/4 ,paul 0 acqua9t$ ) ! writ+s ( ,s5eca2 :ile1 f ! total sil5ce ( ! pagan philosoph]1 x seems t he knew no?+ ( ! ,paul9e epi/les or tea*+4 ,among/ _m te/imonies to ! sup]iority ( ,s5eca1 ,tacitus1 ! great hi/orian ( ! empire1 speaks ( ! 8spl5d\r & celebrity ( 8 philosophic writ+s10 z well z ( 8 8amiable g5ius0--+5ium amnum4 7,annals1 xii41 xiii47 ,! eld] ,pl9y writes ( him z 8at ! v head ( all ! le>n$ m5 ( t "t40 7xiv4 #d47 ,petr>* quotes ! te/imony ( ,plut>*1 8t great man :o1 ,greek ?\gh he 0 freely confesses #8t !re is no ,greek writ] :o c\ld be br\ght into comp>ison ) him 9 ! dep>tm5t ( morals4'0 ,! foll[+ passage is to be f\nd 9 a lett] to ,lucilius1 9 :i*1 aft] expatiat+ on ! sublimity ( ! tea*+ ( ! philosoph] ,attalus 9 inculcat+ mod]ation & self-control 9 corporeal pleasures1 ,s5eca ?us enunciates 8 dietetic op9ions3-- 8,s9ce ,i h begun to confide to y ) :at exce$+ ard\r ,i approa*$ ! /udy ( philosophy 9 my y\?1 ,i %all n be a%am$ to confess ! affection ) :i* ,sotion 8 preceptor inspir$ me = ! tea*+ ( ,py?agoras4 ,he 0 wont to in/ruct me on :at gr\nds he himself1 &1 aft] him1 ,sextius1 _h det]m9$ to ab/a9 f ! fle% ( animals4 ,ea* _h a diff]5t reason1 b ! reason 9 bo? in/ances 0 a gr& "o 7magnifica74 ,sotion held t man c f9d a suffici5cy ( n\ri%m5t )\t blood %$d+1 & t cruelty became habitual :5 once ! practice ( but*]+ 0 appli$ to ! gratification ( ! appetite4 ,he 0 wont to add t #8,x is our b\nd5 duty to limit ! mat]ials ( luxury4 ,t1 moreov]1 v>iety ( foods is injuri\s to heal?1 & n natural to our bodies4 ,if ^! maxims ( ! ,py?agorean s*ool are true1 !n to ab/a9 f ! fle% ( animals is to enc\rage & fo/] innoc5ce2 if ill-f\nd$1 at lea/ !y tea* u frugality & simplicity ( liv+4 ,& :at loss h y 9 los+ y\r cruelty8 7,quod i/ic crudelitatis tu damnum e/87 ,i m]ely deprive y ( ! food ( lions & vultures4' 8,mov$ by ^! & simil> argum5ts1 ,i resolv$ to ab/a9 f fle% meat1 & at ! end ( a ye> ! habit ( ab/95ce 0 n only easy b delightful4 ,i firmly believ$ t ! faculties ( my m9d 7 m active1#be & at ?is day ,i w n take pa9s to assure y :e!r !y 7 s or n4 ,y ask1 !n1 #8,:y did y g back & rel9qui% ?is mode ( life8' ,i reply t ! lot ( my e>ly days 0 ca/ 9 ! reign ( ! emp]or ,tib]ius4 ,c]ta9 =eign religions became ! object ( ! imp]ial suspicion1 & among/ ! pro(s ( adh]5ce to ! =eign cultus or sup]/ition 0 t ( ab/95ce f ! fle% ( animals4 ,at ! entreaties ( my fa!r1 !re=e1 :o _h no real fe> ( ! practice be+ made a gr\nd ( accusation1 b :o _h a hatr$ ( philosophy1#bf ,i 0 induc$ to return to my =m] dietetic habits1 nor _h he mu* difficulty 9 p]suad+ me to recur to m sumptu\s repa/s4444 8,?is ,i tell10 he proce$s1 8to prove to y h[ p[]ful are ! e>ly impetuses ( y\? to :at is true/ & be/ "u ! exhortations & inc5tives ( virtu\s tea*]s4 ,we err p>tly ?r\gh ! fault ( our guides1 :o tea* u h[ to dispute1 n h[ to live2 p>tly by our own fault 9 expect+ our tea*]s to cultivate n s mu* ! disposition ( ! m9d z ! faculties ( ! intellect4 ,h5ce x is t 9 place ( a love ( wisdom !re is only a love ( words 7,itaque qu philosophia fuit1 facta philologia e/740--,epi/ola cviii4#bg ,s5eca "h cauti\sly reveals ! jeal\s suspicion ) :i* ! fir/ ,cs>s view$ all =eign1 & especially quasi-religi\s1 innovations1 & 8 own public compliance1 to "s ext5t1 ) ! or?odox dietetic practices4 ,yet t 9 private life he cont9u$ to practise1 z well z to prea*1 a radical diet>y re=mation is suffici5tly evid5t to all :o are conv]sant ) 8 v>i\s writ+s4 ,! ref9em5t & g5tl5ess ( 8 e?ics are ev]y:]e app>5t1 & exhibit him z a man ( extraord9>y s5sibility & feel+4 ,z = dietetics1 he makes x a matt] ( ! fir/ importance1 on :i* he is nev] we>y ( insi/+4 8,we mu/ s live1 n z if we ought to live =1 b z ?\gh we c\ld n d )\t1 ! body40 ,he quotes ,epikurus3 8,if y live accord+ to nature1 y w nev] be poor2 if accord+ to conv5tionalism1 y w nev] be ri*4 ,nature dem&s little2 fa%ion 7op9io7 sup]fluity40 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s he eloqu5tly describes ! riot\s fea/+ ( ! p]iod :i* corresponds to our fe/ival ( ,*ri/mas--ano!r illu/ration ( ! prov]b1 8,hi/ory repeats itself03-- 8,decemb] is ! mon?10 he beg9s 8 lett]1 8:5 ! city ,rome mo/ especially gives itself up to riot\s liv+ 7desudat74 ,free lic5ce is all[$ to ! public luxury4 ,e place res\nds ) ! gigantic prep>ations = eat+ & gorg+1 j z if10 he adds1 8! :ole ye> 7 n a sort ( ,saturnalia40 ,he contra/s ) all ?is wa/e & gluttony ! simplicity & frugality ( ,epikurus1 :o1 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ,polynus1 decl>es t 8 own food does n co/ him sixp5ce a day2 :ile 8 fri5d ,metrodorus1 :o _h n advanc$ s f> 9 frugality1 exp5d$ ! :ole ( t small sum3-- 8,d y ask if t c supply due n\ri%m5t8 ,yes2 & pleasure too4 ,n1 inde$1 t fleet+ & sup]ficial pleasure :i* ne$s to be p]petually recruit$1 b a solid & sub/antial "o4 ,bread & pe>l-b>ley 7pol5ta7 c]ta9ly is n luxuri\s fe$+1 b x is no little advantage to be able to receive pleasure f a simple diet ( :i* no *ange ( =tune c deprive "o4444 ,nature dem&s bread & wat] only3 no "o is poor 9 reg>d to ^? necess>ies40#bh ,aga91 ,s5eca writes3-- 8,h[ long %all we we>y heav5 ) petitions = sup]flu\s luxuries1 z ?\gh we _h n at h& :]e)al to fe$ ourselves8 ,h[ long %all we fill our pla9s ) huge cities8 ,h[ long %all ! p slave = u unnecess>ily8 ,h[ long %all c\ntless numb]s ( %ips f e sea br+ u provisions = ! consumption ( a s+le mon?8 ,an ,ox is satisfi$ ) ! pa/ure ( an acre or two3 "o wood suffices = sev]al ,elephants4 ,man alone supports himself by ! pillage ( ! :ole e>? & sea4 ,:at6 ,has ,nature inde$ giv5 u s insatiable a /oma*1 :ile %e has giv5 u s insignificant bodies8 ,no3 x is n ! hung] ( our /oma*s1 b insatiable covet\sness 7ambitio7 :i* co/s s mu*4 ,! slaves ( ! belly 7z says ,sallu/7 are to be c\nt$ 9 ! numb] ( ! l[] animals1 n ( m54 ,nay1 n ( !m1 b r ( ! dead4444 ,y might inscribe on _! doors1 #8,^! h anticipat$ dea?4'0--7,ep4 lx47 ,! extreme difficulty ( ab/95ce is (t5times alleg$3-- 8,x is disagreeable1 y say1 to ab/a9 f ! pleasures ( ! cu/om>y diet4 ,su* ab/95ce is1 ,i grant1 difficult at fir/4 ,b 9 c\rse ( "t ! desire = t diet w beg9 to langui%2 ! inc5tives to our unnatural wants fail+1 ! /oma*1 at fir/ rebelli\s1 w aft] a "t feel an av]sion = :at =m]ly x eag]ly covet$4 ,! desire dies ( itself1 & x is no sev]e loss to be )\t ^? ?+s t y h ceas$ to long =4 ,add to ?is t !re is no disease1 no pa91 :i* is n c]ta9ly int]mitt$ or reliev$1 or cur$ altoge!r4 ,moreov] x is possible = y to be on y\r gu>d aga9/ a ?reat5$ return ( ! disease1 & to oppose rem$ies if x comes ^u y40--7,ep4 lxxviii47 ,on ! occasion ( a %ipwreck1 :5 8 fell[-pass5g]s f\nd !mselves =c$ to live ^u ! scantie/ f>e1 he takes ! opportunity to po9t out h[ extravagantly sup]flu\s mu/ be ! ord9>y liv+ ( ! ri*] "p ( ! community3-- 8,h[ easily we c disp5se ) ^! sup]fluities1 :i*1 :5 necessity takes !m f u1 we d n feel ! want (4444 ,:5ev] ,i happ5 to be 9 ! company ( ri*ly-liv+ p ,i _c prev5t a blu% ( %ame1 because ,i see evid5t pro( t ! pr9ciples :i* ,i approve & comm5d h z yet no sure & firm fai? plac$ 9 !m4444 ,a w>n+ voice ne$s to be publi%$ abroad 9 opposition to ! prevail+ op9ion ( ! human race3 #8,y are out ( y\r s5ses 7insanitis72 y are w&]+ f ! pa? ( "r2 y are lo/ 9 /upid admiration = sup]flu\s luxuries2 y value no "o ?+ = its prop] wor?4'0--7,ep4 lxxxvii47 ,aga93-- 8,i n[ turn to y1 ^: insatiable & unfa?omable gluttony 7pr(unda et insatiabilis gula7 se>*es e l& & e sea4 ,"s animals x p]secutes ) sn>es & traps1 ) hunt+-nets ! cu/om>y me?od ( ! battue ( t p]iod1 ) hooks1 sp>+ no sort ( toil to obta9 !m4 ,except+ f m]e caprice or da9t9ess1 !re is no peace all[$ to any species ( be+s4 ,yet h[ mu* ( all ^! fea/s :i* y obta9 by ! ag5cy ( innum]able h&s d y ev5 s mu* z t\* ) y\r lips1 satiat$ z !y are ) luxuries8 ,h[ mu* ( t animal1 :i* has be5 caught ) s mu* exp5se or p]il1 does ! dyspeptic & bili\s own] ta/e8 ,unhappy ev5 9 ?is6 t y p]ceive n t y hung] m ?an y\r belly4 ,/udy10 he concludes 8 exhortation to 8 fri5d1 8n to "k m1 b to "k bett]40 ,aga93-- 8,if ! human race w\ld b li/5 to ! voice ( reason1 x w\ld recognise t fa%ionable cooks are z sup]flu\s z soldi]s4444 ,wisdom engages 9 all useful ?+s1 is fav\rable to peace1 & summons ! :ole human species to concord40--7,ep4 xc47 8,9 ! simpl] times !re 0 no ne$ ( s l>ge a sup]num]>y =ce ( m$ical m51 nor ( s _m surgical in/rum5ts or ( s _m boxes ( drugs4 ,heal? 0 simple = a simple reason4 ,_m di%es h induc$ _m diseases4 ,note h[ va/ a quantity ( lives "o /oma* absorbs--deva/ator ( l& & sea4#bi ,no wond] t ) s discordant diet disease is ev] v>y+4444 ,c\nt ! cooks3 y w no long] wond] at ! innum]able numb] ( human maladies40--7,ep4 xcv47 ,we mu/ be cont5t ) giv+ our read]s only "o m ( ,s5eca's exhortations to a re=m 9 diet3-- 8,y ?9k x a great matt] t y c br+ y\rself to live )\t all ! app>atus ( fa%ionable di%es2 t y d n desire wild bo>s ( a ?\s& p\nds weight or ! tongues ( r>e birds1 & o!r port5ts ( a luxury :i* n[ despises :ole c>cases1#cj & *ooses only c]ta9 p>ts ( ea* victim4 ,i %all admire y !n only :5 y scorn n pla9 bread1 :5 y h p]suad$ y\rself t h]bs exi/ n = o!r animals only1 b = man also--if y %all recognise t vegetables are suffici5t food = ! /oma* into :i* we n[ /uff valuable lives1 z ?\gh x 7 to keep !m = ev]4 ,= :at matt]s x :at x receives1 s9ce x w soon lose all t x has dev\r$8 ,! app>atus ( di%es1 conta9+ ! spoils ( sea & l&1 gives y pleasure1 y say4444 ,! spl5d\r ( all ?is1 height5$ by art1 gives y pleasure4 ,ah6 ^? v ?+s s solicit\sly s\ght = & s]v$ up s v>i\sly--no soon] h !y ent]$ ! belly ?an "o & ! same f\lness %all take possession ( !m all4 ,w\ld y contemn ! pleasures ( ! table8 ,consid] _! f9al de/9ation0 7exitum specta74#ca ,if ,s5eca makes dietetics ( ! fir/ importance1 he at ! same "t by no means neglects ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( e?ics1 :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 ultimately dep5d ^u t fundam5tal re=mation2 & he is equally excell5t on !m all4 ,space w n all[ u to pres5t our read]s ) all ! admirable dicta ( ?is great morali/4 ,we _c resi/1 h[ev]1 ! temptation to quote "s ( 8 unique tea*+ on c]ta9 bran*es ( humanit>ianism & philosophy little reg>d$ ei!r 9 8 own "t or 9 lat] ages4 ,slaves1 bo? 9 pagan & ,*ri/ian ,europe1 7 reg>d$ v mu* z ! dome/icat$ non-human species are at ! pres5t day1 z born m]ely = ! w & pleasure ( _! ma/]s4 ,su* seems to h be5 ! univ]sal e/imate ( _! /atus4 ,:ile (t5 sup]ior to _! lords1 nationally & individually1 by bir?1 by m9d1 & by education1 !y 7 at ! arbitr>y disposal ( too (t5 cruel & caprici\s own]s3-- 8,are !y slaves80 eloqu5tly dem&s ,s5eca4 8,nay1 !y are m54 ,are !y slaves8 ,nay1 !y live "u ! same ro( 7contub]nales74 ,are !y slaves8 ,nay1 !y are humble fri5ds4 ,are !y slaves8 ,nay1 !y are fell[-s]vants 7cons]vi71 if y w consid] t bo? ma/] & s]vant are equally ! creatures ( *ance4 ,i smile1 !n1 at ! preval5t op9ion :i* ?9ks x a disgrace = "o to sit d[n to a meal ) 8 s]vant4 ,:y is x ?\ght a disgrace1 b because arrogant ,cu/om all[s a ma/] a cr[d ( s]vants to /& r\nd him :ile he is fea/+80 ,he expressly d5\nces _! cruel & contemptu\s treatm5t1 & dem&s 9 noble language 7aft]w>ds us$ by ,epictetus1 himself a slave73-- 8,w\ld y suppose t he :om y call a slave has ! same orig9 & bir? z y\rself8 has ! same free air ( heav5 ) y\rself8 t he brea!s1 lives1 & dies l y\rself80 ,he d5\nces ! haughty & insult+ attitude ( ma/]s t[>ds _! helpless dep5dants1 & lays d[n ! precept3 8,s live ) y\r dep5dant z y w\ld wi% y\r sup]ior to live ) y40 ,he lam5ts ! use ( ! t]m 8slaves10 or 8s]vants0 7s]vi71 9 place ( ! old 8dome/ics0 7famili>es74 ,he declaims aga9/ ! common prejudice :i* judges by ! outw>d appe>ance3-- 8,t man10 he ass]ts1 8is ( ! /upide/ sort :o values ano!r ei!r by 8 dress or by 8 condition40 ,is he a slave8 ,he is1 x may be1 free 9 m9d4 ,he is ! true slave :o is a slave to cruelty1 to ambition1 to av>ice1 to pleasure4 8,love10 he decl>es1 insi/+ ^u humanity1 8_c co-exi/ ) fe>40--7,ep4 xlviii47 ,he is equally cle> ^u ! f]ocity & b>b>ity ( ! gladiatorial & o!r %[s ( ! ,circus1 :i* 7 look$ ^u by 8 contempor>ies z n only int]e/+ spectacles1 b z a useful s*ool = w> & endurance--mu* = ! same reason z t on :i* ! 8sports0 ( ! pres5t day are def5d$4 ,cic]o uses ?is argum5t1 & only expresses ! g5]al s5tim5t4 ,n s ,s5eca4 ,he speaks ( a *ance visit to ! ,circus 7! gigantic ,colosseum 0 n yet built71 = ! sake ( m5tal relaxation1 expect+ to see1 at ! p]iod ( ! day he _h *os51 only innoc5t ex]cises4 ,he indignantly n>rates ! horrid & bloody sc5es ( suff]+1 & dem&s1 ) only too mu* reason1 :e!r x is n evid5t t su* evil examples receive _! righte\s retribution 9 ! det]ioration ( "* ( ^? :o enc\rage !m3-- 8,ah6 :at d5se mi/s ( d>kness d p[] & prosp]ity ca/ ov] ! human m9d4 ,he ! magi/rate believes himself to be rais$ above ! common lot ( mortality1 & to be at ! p9nacle ( glory1 :5 he has (f]$ s _m cr[ds ( wret*$ human be+s to ! assaults ( wild bea/s2 :5 he =ces animals ( ! mo/ diff]5t species to engage 9 conflict2 :5 9 ! full pres5ce ( ! ,roman populace he causes torr5ts ( blood to fl[1 a fitt+ s*ool = ! future sc5es ( /ill great] blood%$40#cb ,9 8 treatise ,on ,clem5cy1 d$icat$ to 8 y\?ful pupil ,n]o1 he anticipates ! v mod]n !ory--!ory1 = ! preval5t practice is a v diff]5t ?+--t prev5tion is bett] ?an puni%m5t1 & he d5\nces ! cruel & selfi% policy ( pr9ces & magi/rates1 :o are1 = ! mo/ "p1 conc]n$ only to puni% ! crim9als produc$ by unju/ & unequal laws3-- 8,w n t man10 he asks1 8appe> to be a v bad fa!r :o puni%es 8 *ildr51 ev5 = ! slighte/ causes1 ) con/ant bl[s8 ,:i* preceptor is ! wor?i] to tea*--! "o :o sc>ifies 8 pupils' backs if _! memory happ5s to fail !m1 or if _! eyes make a slight blund] 9 read+1 or he :o *ooses r to correct & in/ruct by admonition & ! influ5ce ( %ame8444 ,y w f9d t ^? crimes are mo/ (t5 committ$ :i* are mo/ (t5 puni%$4444 ,_m capital puni%m5ts are no less disgraceful to a rul] ?an are _m dea?s to a physician4 ,m5 are m easily gov]n$ by mild laws4 ,! human m9d is naturally /ubborn & incl9$ to be p]v]se1 & x m readily foll[s ?an is =c$4 ,! disposition to cruelty :i* takes delight 9 blood & w\nds is ! *>act]i/ic ( wild bea/s2 x is to ?r[ away ! human "* & to pass into t ( a d5iz5 ( ! woods40 ,speak+ ( giv+ assi/ance to ! ne$y1 he says t ! g5u9e philan?ropi/ w give 8 money-- 8,n 9 t insult+ way 9 :i* ! great majority ( ^? :o wi% to seem m]ciful disda9 & despise ^? :om !y help1 & %r9k f contact ) !m1 b z "o mortal to a fell[-mortal he w give z ?\gh out ( a treasury t %\ld be common to all40#cc ,next to ! ,de ,clem5ti & ! ,de ,ir 78,on ,ang]071 8 treatise ,on ! ,happy ,life is mo/ admirable4 ,9 ! abundance ( :at is unusually good & useful x is difficult to *oose4 ,8 w>n+ 7s unhe$$7 aga9/ implicit confid5ce 9 au?ority & tradition _c be too (t5 repeat$3-- 8,!re is no?+ aga9/ :i* we ought to be m on our gu>d ?an1 l a flock ( %eep1 foll[+ ! cr[d ( ^? :o h prec$$ u--go+1 z we d1 n :]e we ought to g1 b :]e m5 h walk$ be=e4 ,& yet !re is no?+ :i* involves u 9 great] evils ?an foll[+ & settl+ our fai? ^u au?ority--consid]+ ^? dogmas or practices be/ :i* h be5 receiv$ h]et(ore ) ! greate/ applause1 & :i* h a multitude ( great names4 ,we live n accord+ to reason1 b accord+ to m]e fa%ion & tradition1 f :5ce t enorm\s heap ( bodies1 :i* fall "o ov] ! o!r4 ,x happ5s z 9 a great slaught] ( m51 :5 ! cr[d presses ^u itself4 ,n "o falls )\t dragg+ ) him ano!r4 ,! fir/ to fall are ! cause ( de/ruction to ! succe$+ ranks4 ,x runs ?r\gh ! :ole ( human life4 ,no-"o's error is limit$ to himself alone1 b he is ! au?or & cause ( ano!r's error4444 ,we %all recov] our s\nd heal? if only we %all sep>ate ourselves f ! h]d1 = ! cr[d ( mank9d /&s oppos$ to "r reason--! def5d] ( its own evils & mis]ies4#cd 444 ,human hi/ory is n s well conduct$1 t ! bett] way is pleas+ to ! mass4 ,! v fact ( ! approbation ( ! multitude is a pro( ( ! badness ( ! op9ion or practice4 ,let u ask :at is be/1 n :at is mo/ cu/om>y2 :at may place u firmly 9 ! possession ( an ev]la/+ felicity1 n :at has receiv$ ! approbation ( ! vulg>--! wor/ int]pret] ( ! tru?4 ,n[ ,i call 8! vulg>0 ! common h]d ( all ranks & conditions0 7,tam *lamydatos quam coronatos74--7,de ,vit ,beat i4 & ii47 ,aga93-- 8,i w d no?+ = ! sake ( op9ion2 ev]y?+ = ! sake ( consci5ce40 ,he repudiates ! doctr9es ( ,egoism = ^? ( ,altruism3-- 8,i w s live1 z kn[+ myself to h come into ! _w = o!rs4444 ,i %all recognise ! _w z my prop] c\ntry4 ,:5ev] nature or reason %all dem& my la/ brea? ,i %all dep>t ) ! te/imony t ,i h lov$ a good consci5ce1 useful pursuits--t ,i h encroa*$ ^u ! lib]ty ( no "o1 lea/ ( all my own40 ,v admirable are 8 rebukes ( unju/ & ins5sate ang] 9 reg>d to ! non-human species3-- 8,z x is ! *>act]i/ic ( a madman to be 9 a rage ) lifeless objects1 s also is x to be angry ) dumb animals1#ce inasmu* z !re c be no injury unless int5tional4 ,hurt u !y c--z a /one or iron--injure u !y _c4 ,nev]!less1 !re are p]sons :o consid] !mselves insult$ :5 horses t w readily obey "o rid] are ob/9ate 9 ! case ( ano!r2 j z if !y are m tractable to "s individuals ?an to o!rs ( set purpose1 n f cu/om or ow+ to treatm5t40--7,de ,ir ii41 xxvi47 ,aga91 ( ang]1 z betwe5 human be+s3-- 8,! faults ( o!rs we keep con/antly be=e u2 our own we hide beh9d u4444 ,a l>ge proportion ( mank9d are angry1 n ) ! s9s1 b ) ! s9n]s4 ,9 reg>d to report$ (f5ces2 _m speak falsely to deceive1 _m because !y are !mselves deceiv$40 ,( ! use ( self-exam9ation1 he quotes ! example ( 8 excell5t preceptor1 ,sextius1 :o /rictly foll[$ ! ,py?agorean precept to exam9e oneself ea* night be=e sleep3-- 8,( :at bad practice h y cur$ y\rself to-day8 ,:at vice h y resi/$8 ,9 :at respect are y ! bett]8 ,ra% ang] w be mod]at$ & f9ally cease :5 x f9ds itself daily confront$ ) its judge4 ,:at1 !n1 is m useful ?an ?is cu/om ( ?or\ghly weigh+ ! actions ( ! entire day80 ,he adduces ! feebl5ess & %ortness ( human life z "o ( ! mo/ =cible argum5ts aga9/ ! indulg5ce ( malevol5ce3-- 8,no?+ w be ( m avail ?an reflections on ! nature ( mortality4 ,let ea* "o say to himself1 z to ano!r1 #8,:at good is x to decl>e enmity aga9/ su* & su* p]sons1 z ?\gh we 7 born to live = ev]1 & to ?us wa/e our v brief exi/5ce8 ,:at pr(it is x to employ "t :i* might be sp5t 9 hon\rable pleasures 9 inflict+ pa9 & torture ^u any ( our fell[-be+s8' 444 ,:y ru% we to battle8 ,:y d we provoke qu>rels8 ,:y1 =getful ( our mortal weakness1 d we engage 9 huge hatr$s8 ,fragile be+s z we are1 :y w we rise up to cru% o!rs8444 ,:y d we tumultu\sly & s$iti\sly set life 9 an upro>8 ,dea? /&s />+ u 9 ! face1 & approa*es ev] ne>] & ne>]4 ,t mom5t :i* y de/9e = ano!r's de/ruction p]*ance may be = y\r own4444 ,behold6 dea? comes1 :i* makes u all equal4 ,:il/ we are 9 ?is mortal life1 let u cultivate humanity2 let u n be a cause ( fe> or ( dang] to any ( our fell[-mortals4 ,let u contemn losses1 injuries1 insults4 ,let u be> ) magnanimity ! brief inconv5i5ces ( life40 ,aga91 9 deal+ ) ! weak & def5celess3-- 8,let ea* "o say to himself1 :5ev] he is provok$1 #8,:at "r h ,i to puni% ) :ips or fett]s a slave :o has (f5d$ me by voice or mann]8 ,:o am ,i1 ^: e>s x is su* a mon/r\s crime to (f5d8 ,_m grant p>don to _! enemies2 %all ,i n p>don simply idle1 neglig5t1 or g>rul\s slaves8' ,t5d] ye>s %\ld %ield *ildhood--_! sex1 wom5--individual lib]ty1 a /rang]--! common ro(1 a dome/ic4 ,does he (f5d n[ = ! fir/ "t8 ,let u ?9k h[ (t5 he may h pleas$ u40--7,de ,ir iii41 passim47 ,z to ! conduct ( life3-- 8,we ought s to live1 z ?\gh 9 ! sight ( all m54 ,we ought s to employ our ?\ghts1 z ?\gh someone 7 able to inspect our inmo/ s\l--& !re is "o able4 ,= :at advantages x t a ?+ is hidd5 f m52 no?+ is hidd5 f ,god4 7,ep4 #hc47 444 ,w\ld y propitiate heav58 ,be good4 ,he wor%ips ! gods1 :o imitates ! high] ideal ( !m4 ,h[ d we act8 ,:at pr9ciples d we lay d[n8 ,t we are to refra9 f human blood%$8 ,is x a great matt] to refra9 f injur+ him to :om y are b\nd to d good8 ,! :ole ( human & div9e tea*+ is summ$ up 9 ?is "o pr9ciple--we are all memb]s ( "o mighty body4 ,nature has made u ( "o k9 7cognatos71 s9ce %e has produc$ u f ! same elem5ts & w resolve u into ! same elem5ts4 ,%e has implant$ 9 u love "o = ano!r1 & made u = liv+ toge!r 9 society4 ,%e has laid d[n ! laws ( "r & ju/ice1 by :i* ord9ance x is m wret*$ to injure ?an to be injur$2 & by h] ord]+1 our h&s are giv5 u to help ea* ! o!r4444 ,let u ask :at ?+s are1 n :at !y are call$4 ,let u value ea* ?+ on its own m]its1 )\t ?\ght ( ! _w's op9ion4 ,let u love temp]ance2 let u1 be=e all ?+s1 *]i% ju/ice4444 ,our actions w n be "r unless ! w is fir/ "r1 = f t proce$s ! act40 ,aga93-- 8,! w w n be "r unless ! habits ( m9d are "r1 = f ^! results ! w4 ,! habits ( ?\ght1 h[ev]1 w n be at ! be/ unless !y %all h be5 bas$ ^u ! laws ( ! :ole ( life2 unless !y %all h tri$ all ?+s by ! te/ ( tru?40--7,ep4 xcv47 ,excell5t is 8 advice on ! *oice ( books & ( read+3-- 8,be c>eful t ! read+ ( _m au?ors1 & ( e sort ( books1 does n induce a c]ta9 vagu5ess & unc]ta9ty ( m9d4 ,we ought to l+] ov] & n\ri% our m9ds )1 writ]s ( assur$ g5ius & wor?1 if we wi% to extract some?+ :i* may usefully rema9 fix$ 9 ! m9d4 ,a multitude ( books di/racts ! m9d4 ,read always1 !n1 books ( approv$ m]it4 ,if ev] y h a wi% to g = a "t to o!r k9ds ( books1 yet always return to ! =m]40#cf--7;,ep4 ii47 ,9 8 #hh? ,lett] ,s5eca well exposes ! folly ( a le>n+ :i* beg9s & ends 9 m]e words1 :i* has no real be>+ on ! conduct ( life & ! in/ruction ( ! moral faculties3-- 8,9 te/+ ! value ( books & writ]s1 let u see :e!r or no !y tea* virtue4444 ,y inquire m9utely ab\t ! w&]+s ( ,ulysses r ?an "w = ! prev5tion ( error 9 y\r own case4 ,we h no leisure to he> exactly h[ & :]e he 0 toss$ ab\t betwe5 ,italy & ,sicily4444 ,! tempe/s ( ! s\l are ev] toss+ u1 & evildo+ urges u into all ! mis]ies ( ,ulysses4444 ,oh m>vell\sly excell5t education6 ,by x y c measure circles & squ>es1 & all ! di/ances ( ! />s4 ,!re is no?+ t is n )9 ! rea* ( y\r geometry4 ,s9ce y are s able a me*anician1 measure ! human m9d4 ,tell me h[ great x is1 h[ small x is 7pusillus74 ,y "k :at a /raight l9e is4 ,:at does x pr(it y1 if y "k n :at is /raight 7rectum7 9 life40#cg ,:at !n8 ,are lib]al /udies ( no avail8 ,= o!r ?+s mu*2 = virtue no?+4444 ,!y d n lead ! m9d to virtue--!y only cle> ! way4 8,humanity =bids u to be arrogant t[>ds our fell[s2 =bids u to be grasp+2 %[s itself k9d & c\rte\s to all1 9 ^w1 de$1 & ?\ght2 ?9ks no evil ( ano!r1 b r loves its own highe/ good1 *iefly because x w be ( good to ano!r4 ,d lib]al /udies always inculcate ^! maxims8 ,no m ?an !y d simplicity ( "* & mod]ation2 no m ?an !y d frugality & economy ( liv+2 no m ?an !y d m]cy1 :i* is z sp>+ ( ano!r's blood z x is ( its own1 & recognises t man is n to use ! s]vices ( 8 fell[s unnecess>ily or prodigally4 8,wisdom is a great1 a va/ subject4 ,x ne$s all ! sp>e "t t c be giv5 to x4444 ,:atev] am\nt ( natural & moral que/ions y may h ma/]$1 y w /ill be we>i$ ) ! va/ abundance ( que/ions to be ask$ & solv$4 ,s _m1 s great1 are ^! que/ions1 all sup]flu\s ?+s mu/ be remov$ f ! m9d1 t x may h free scope = ex]cise4 ,%all ,i wa/e my life 9 m]e words 7syllabis78 ,?us does x come ab\t t ! le>n$ are m anxi\s to talk ?an to live4 ,m>k :at mis*ief excessive subtlety ( m9d produces1 & h[ dang]\s x may be to tru?40--7,ep4 lxxxviii47 ,else:]e he indignantly dem&s3-- 8,:at is m vile or disgraceful ?an a le>n+ :i* cat*es at popul> applause 7clamores780--7,ep4 lii47 ,anticipat+ ! ultimate triumph ( ,tru?1 he well says3-- 8,no virtue is really lo/--t x has to rema9 hidd5 = a "t is no loss to itself4 ,a day w come :i* w publi% ! tru? at pres5t neglect$ & oppress$ by ! malignity 7malignitas7 ( its age4 ,he :o ?9ks ! _w to be ( 8 own age only1 is born = ! few4 ,_m ?\s&s ( ye>s1 _m millions ( p1 w sup]v5e4 ,look =w>d to t "t4 ,?\gh ! envy ( y\r own day %all h condemn$ y to obscurity1 !re w come ^? :o w judge y )\t fe> or fav\r4 ,if !re is any rew>d = virtue f fame1 t is imp]i%able4 ,! talk ( po/]ity1 inde$1 w be no?+ to u4 ,yet x w rev]e u1 ev5 ?\gh we are ins5sible to its praise2 & x w frequ5tly consult u4444 ,:at n[ deceives has n ! elem5ts ( duration4 ,falsehood is ?9ly disguis$2 x is transp>5t1 if only y look close en\gh40--7,ep4 lxix47 ,9 8 ,que/ions on ,nature1 9 :i* he (t5 %[s himself to h be5 mu* 9 advance ( 8 contempor>ies1 &1 inde$1 ( ! :ole m$ival ages1 9 sci5tific acum51 he takes occasion to reprobate ! common practice ( glorify+ ! lives & de$s ( wor?less pr9ces & o!rs1 & exclaims 9 ! mod]n _s3-- 8,h[ mu* bett] to try to ext+ui% ! evils ( our own age ?an to glorify ! bad de$s ( o!rs to po/]ity6 ,h[ mu* bett] to celebrate ! works ( ,nature deorum ?an ! piracies ( a ,philip or ,alex&] & ( ! re/ :o1 become illu/ri\s by ! calamities ( nations1 h be5 no less ! pe/s ( mank9d ?an an inundation :i* deva/ates a :ole c\ntry1 or a conflagration 9 :i* a l>ge proportion ( liv+ creatures is consum$40--7,qu/4 ,nat4 iii47 ,x w be suffici5tly app>5t1 f :at we h pres5t$ to our read]s1 t ,s5eca1 ?\gh nom9ally ( ! ,/oic s*ool1 belong$ 9 reality to no special sect or p>ty4 ,nullius addictus jur>e 9 v]ba magi/ri4 ,b\nd to ! words ( no "o ma/]1 he s\ght = tru? ev]y:]e4 ,! au?ority :om he mo/ frequ5tly quotes ) approval is ,epicurus1 ! ar*-enemy ( ,/oicism4 ,wis] & m c&id ?an ! great mass ( sect>ies1 he scorns ! tactics ( p>tisan%ip4 ,he ju/ly recognises ! fact t ! 8luxuri\s egoi/s h n d]iv$ _! impulse or sanction f ,epicurus2 b1 ab&on$ to _! vices1 !y disguise _! selfi%ness 9 ! "n ( 8 philosophy40 ,he pr(esses 8 own conviction to be 8aga9/ ! common prejudice ( ! popul> writ]s ( my own s*ool1 t ! tea*+ ( ,epicurus 0 j & holy1 &1 on a close exam9ation1 ess5tially grave & sob]4444 ,i affirm ?is1 t he is ill-und]/ood1 defam$1 & depreciat$40 7,de ,vit ,beat1 xii1 xiii47 ,x w also be suffici5tly cle> t ! e?ics ( ,s5eca consi/ ( no m]e trials ( skill 9 logoma*y2 9 f9ely-drawn di/9ctions betwe5 words & names1 z d s l>ge a proportion bo? ( mod]n & anci5t dialectics4 ,if s d>+ a h]esy may possibly be =giv5 u1 we w\ld v5ture to sugge/ t ! au?orities ( our s*ools & univ]sities might1 ) no inconsid]able advantage1 sub/itute judici\s exc]pts f ! ,morals ( ,s5eca = ! ,e?ics ( ,ari/otle2 or1 z ,lat9 lit]ature is n[ 9 "q1 ev5 = ! ,de ,(ficiis ( ,cic]o4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is p]haps to indulge ,utopian speculation too greatly4 ,! m$ival _s ( s*ola/icism is n yet suffici5tly out ( fav\r at ! anci5t s*ools ( ,aqu9as & ,scotus4 ,,vi4 ,,plut>*4 #dj-abj ,a4,d4 787 ,! ye>s ( ! bir? & dea? ( ! fir/ ( biograph]s & ! mo/ amiable ( morali/s are unkn[n4 ,we le>n f himself t he 0 /udy+ philosophy at ,a!ns "u ,ammonius1 ! ,p]ipatetic1 at ! "t :5 ,n]o 0 mak+ 8 ridicul\s progress ?r\gh ,greece4 ,?is 0 9 #ff ,a4,d41 & ! date ( 8 bir? may !re=e be approximately plac$ some:]e ab\t ! ye> #dj4 ,he 0 ?us a y\ng] contempor>y ( ,s5eca4 ,*ronea1 9 ,botia1 claims ! hon\r ( giv+ him bir?4 ,he liv$ sev]al ye>s at ,rome & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,italy1 :]e1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! age & ! cu/om ( ! philosophic rhetoricians 7( :om1 probably1 he 0 "o ( ! v few ^: prlections 7 ( any real value71 he gave public lectures1 att5d$ by ! mo/ em95t lit]>y z well z social p]sonages ( ! "t1 among :om 7 ,tacitus1 ! y\ng] ,pl9y1 ,qu9tilian1 & p]haps ,juv5al4 ,^! lectures may h =m$ ! basis1 if n ! entire matt]1 ( ! miscellane\s essays :i* he aft]w>ds publi%$4 ,:5 9 ,italy he neglect$ altoge!r ! ,lat9 language & lit]ature1 & ! reason he gives proves ! e/imation 9 :i* he 0 held3 8,i _h s _m public commissions1 & s _m p came to me to receive in/ruction 9 philosophy4444 x 01 !re=e1 n till a late p]iod 9 life t ,i began to read ! ,lat9 writ]s40 ,9 fact1 ! v g5]al indiff]5ce1 or at lea/ sil5ce1 ( ! ,greek ma/]s 9 reg>d to ,lat9 lit]ature is n a little rem>kable4 ,x is ass]t$1 on d\btful au?ority 7,suidas71 t he 0 preceptor ( ,trajan1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ^: reign he held ! high po/ ( ,procurator ( ,greece2 & he also fill$ ! hon\rable (fice ( ,ar*on1 or ,*ief ,magi/rate ( 8 native city1 z well z ( prie/ ( ! ,delphic ,apollo4 ,he pass$ ! lat] & l>g] portion ( 8 life 9 quiet retirem5t at ,*ronea4 ,! reason he assigns = cl++ to t dull & decay+ prov9cial t[n1 al?\gh resid5ce !re 0 n a little inconv5i5t = him1 is cr$itable to 8 citiz5-feel+1 s9ce he believ$ t by quitt+ x he1 z a p]son ( influ5ce1 might contribute to its ru94 ,9 all ! relations ( social life ,plut>* appe>s to h be5 exempl>y1 & he 0 evid5tly held 9 high e/eem by 8 fell[-citiz5s4 ,z husb& & fa!r he 0 p>ticul>ly admirable4 ,! dea? ( a "y daught]1 "o ( a num]\s prog5y1 0 ! occasion ( "o ( 8 mo/ affect+ productions--! ,consolation--address$ to 8 wife ,timox5a4 ,he himself di$ at an advanc$ age1 9 ! reign ( ,hadrian4 ,plut>*'s writ+s are suffici5tly num]\s4 ,! ,p>allel ,lives1 =ty-six 9 numb]1 9 :i* he br+s toge!r a ,greek & a ,roman celebrity by way ( comp>ison1 is p]haps ! book ( ,greek & ,lat9 lit]ature :i* has be5 ! mo/ widely read 9 all languages4 8,! reason ( its popul>ity10 ju/ly obs]ves a writ] 9 ,dr4 ,smi?'s ,diction>y1 8is t ,plut>* has rightly conceiv$ ! bus9ess ( a biograph]--8 biography is true portraiture4 ,o!r biography is (t5 a dull1 t$i\s enum]ation ( facts 9 ! ord] ( "t1 ) p]haps a summ+ up ( "* at ! end4 ,! reflections ( ,plut>* are nei!r imp]t95t nor trifl+2 8 s\nd good s5se is always !re2 8 hone/ purpose is transp>5t2 8 love ( humanity w>ms ! :ole4 ,8 "w is & w rema91 9 spite ( all ! fault t c be f\nd ) x by plodd+ collectors ( facts & small critics1 ! book ( ^? :o c nobly ?9k & d>e & d40 ,8 miscellane\s writ+s--indiscrim9ately class$ "u ! title ,moralia1 or ,morals1 b includ+ hi/orical1 antiqu>ian1 lit]>y1 political1 & religi\s disquisitions--are ab\t eighty 9 numb]4 ,z might be expect$ ( s miscellane\s a collection1 ^! essays are ( v>i\s m]it1 & "s ( !m are1 d\btless1 ! product ( o!r m9ds ?an ,plut>*'s4 ,next to ! ,essay on ,fle% ,eat+#ch may be di/+ui%$ z among/ ! mo/ important or int]e/+1 ,t ! ,l[] ,animals ,reason1#ci ,on ! ,sagacity ( ! ,l[] ,animals--highly m]itori\s treatises1 f> beyond ! e?ical or intellectual /&>d ( ! mass ( 8educat$0 p ev5 ( our day--,rules = ! ,pres]vation ( ,heal?1 ,a ,disc\rse on ! ,tra9+ ( ,*ildr51 ,m>riage ,precepts1 or ,advice to ! ,newly ,m>ri$1 ,on ,ju/ice1 ,on ! ,s\l1 ,symposiacs--9 :i* he deals ) a v>iety ( int]e/+ or curi\s que/ions--,isis & ,osiris1 a !ological disquisition2 ,on ! ,op9ions ( ! ,philosoph]s1 ,on ! ,face t ,appe>s 9 ! ,moon1#dj ,political ,precepts1 ,platonic ,que/ions1 & la/1 n lea/1 8 ,consolation1 address$ to ,timox5a4 ,plut>* also wrote 8 autobiography4 ,if x _h come d[n to u x w\ld h be5 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ rema9s ( ,antiquity1 deal+1 z we may well imag9e x did deal1 ) "s ( ! mo/ important ph5om5a ( ! age4 ,possibly we might h _h ! expression ( 8 feel+ & attitude 9 reg>d to ! new religion 7e/abli%$ "s #bjj ye>s lat]71 :i*1 /rangely en\gh1 is altoge!r ov]look$ or ignor$ z well by himself z by ! o!r em95t writ]s ( ,greece & ,italy4#da ,plut>* 0 an especial admir] ( ,plato & 8 s*ool1 b he atta*$ himself exclusively to no sect or sy/em4 ,he 0 ess5tially eclectic3 he *ose :at 8 reason & consci5ce in=m$ him to be ! mo/ good & useful f ! v>i\s philosophies4 ,z to ! influ5ce ( 8 lit]>y lab\rs 9 in/ruct+ ! _w1 x has be5 truly rem>k$ by ! au?or ( ! article 9 ! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia t1 8a k9d1 humane disposition1 & a love ( ev]y?+ t is ennobl+ & excell5t1 p]vades 8 writ+s1 & gives ! read] ! same k9d ( pleasure t he has 9 ! company ( an e/eem$ fri5d1 ^: s+l5ess ( he>t appe>s 9 ev]y?+ t he says or does40 ,8 p]sonal "* is1 9 fact1 exactly reflect$ 9 8 publications4 ,t he 0 some:at sup]/iti\s & ( a cons]vative bias is suffici5tly app>5t2#db b x is also equally cle>1 9 8 case1 t ! moral p]ceptions 7 n obscur$ by a selfi%ness :i* is too (t5 ! product ( optimism1 or self-complac5t cont5tm5t ) ?+s z !y are4 ,9 metaphysics1 ) all e>ne/ m9ds oppress$ by ! t]rible fact ( ! dom9ance ( evil & error 9 ! _w1 he va9ly attempt$ to f9d a solution ( ! enigma 9 t preval5t ,we/]n ,asiatic prejudice ( a dualism ( cont5d+ p[]s4 ,he f\nd consolation 9 ! p]suasion t ! two antagoni/ic pr9ciples are n ( equal p[]1 & t ! ,good mu/ ev5tually prevail ov] ! ,evil4 ,! ,lives has gone ?r\gh num]\s editions 9 all languages4 ,( ! ,morals1 ! fir/ translation 9 ?is c\ntry 0 made by ,philemon ,holl&1 ,m4,d41 ,london1 #afjc & #afeg4 ,! next ,engli% v]sion 0 publi%$ 9 #afhd-afid1 8by sev]al h&s40 ,! fif? edition1 8revis$ & correct$ f ! _m errors ( ! =m] edition10 appe>$ 9 #agah4 ,! late/ ,engli% v]sion is t ( ,pr(essor ,goodw91 ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity 7#ahgj71 ) an introduction by ,r4 ,w4 ,em]son4 ,x is1 = ! mo/ "p1 a repr9t ( ! revision ( #agah1 & consi/s ( five octavo volumes4 ,x is a matt] equally = surprise & regret t1 9 an age ( s mu* lit]>y1 or at lea/ publi%+1 ent]prise1 a judici\s selection f ! productions ( s e/imable a m9d has nev] yet be5 attempt$ 9 a =m accessible to ord9>y read]s4#dc ,9 8 ,symposiacs1 discuss+ 7,que/4 ii471 8:e!r ! sea or l& af=ds ! bett] food10 & summ+ up ! argum5ts1 he proce$s3-- 8,we c claim no great "r ov] l& animals :i* are n\ri%$ ) ! same food1 inspire ! same air1 wa% 9 & dr9k ! same wat] t we d ourselves2 & :5 !y are slaught]$ !y make u a%am$ ( our "w by _! t]rible cries2 & !n1 aga91 by liv+ among/ u !y arrive at "s degree ( famili>ity & intimacy ) u4 ,b sea creatures are altoge!r /rang]s to u1 & are br\ght up1 z x 71 9 ano!r _w4 ,nei!r does _! voice1 look1 or any s]vice !y h done u plead = _! life4 ,?is k9d ( animals are ( no use at all to u1 nor is !re any obligation ^u u t we %\ld love !m4 ,! elem5t we inhabit is a hell to !m1 & z soon z ev] !y ent] ^u x !y die40 ,we may inf] t ,plut>* advanc$ gradually to ! p]fect k ( ! tru?1 & x is probable t 8 essay on ,fle%-eat+ 0 publi%$ at a comp>atively late p]iod 9 8 life1 s9ce 9 "s ( 8 miscellane\s writ+s1 9 allud+ to ! subject1 he speaks 9 less decid$ & emphatic t]ms ( its b>b>ism & inhumanity3 e4g41 9 8 ,rules = ! ,pres]vation ( ,heal?1 :ile recomm5d+ mod]ation 9 eat+1 & pr(ess+ ab/95ce f fle%1 he does n s expressly d5\nce ! preval5t practice4 ,yet he is suffici5tly pron\nc$ ev5 "h 9 fav\r ( ! re=m$ diet on ! score ( heal?3-- 8,ill-dige/ion10 says he1 8is mo/ to be fe>$ aft] fle%-eat+1 = x v soon clogs u & leaves ill consequ5ces beh9d x4 ,x w\ld be be/ to accu/om oneself to eat no fle% at all1 = ! e>? af=ds pl5ty en\gh ( ?+s fit n only = n\ri%m5t b = delight & enjoym5t2 "s ( :i* y may eat )\t mu* prep>ation1 & o!rs y may make pleasant by add+ v>i\s o!r ?+s40 ,t ! non-,*ri/ian humanit>ian ( ! fir/ c5tury 0 f> ahead--we w n say ( 8 contempor>ies1 b ( ! common cr[d ( writ]s & speak]s ( ! pres5t age 9 8 e/imate ( ! j rights & position ( ! innoc5t non-human races--w be suffici5tly app>5t f ! foll[+ extract f 8 rem>kable essay entitl$1 ,t ! ,l[] ,animals ,reason1 to :i* ,montaigne seems to h be5 indebt$4 ,! essay is 9 ! =m ( a dialogue betwe5 ,odysseus 7,ulysses7 & ,gryllus1 :o is "o ( ! trans=m$ captives ( ! sorc]ess ,circe 7see ,odyssey ix47 ,gryllus ma9ta9s ! sup]iority ( ! non-human races g5]ally 9 v _m qualities & 9 reg>d to _m ( _! habits--e4g41 9 eat+ & dr9k+3-- 8,be+ ?us wick$ & incont95t 9 inord9ate desires1 x is no less easy to be prov$ t m5 are m intemp]ate ?an o!r animals ev5 9 ^? ?+s :i* are necess>y--e4g41 9 eat+ & dr9k+--! pleasures ( :i* we ! non-human races always enjoy ) "s b5efit to ourselves4 ,b y1 pursu+ ! pleasures ( eat+ & dr9k+ beyond ! satisfaction ( nature1 are puni%$ ) _m & l+]+ diseases#dd :i*1 aris+ f ! s+le f\nta9 ( sup]flu\s gorm&is+1 fill y\r bodies ) all mann] ( w9d & vap\rs n easy = purgation to expel4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 all species ( ! l[] animals1 accord+ to _! k9d1 fe$ ^u "o sort ( food :i* is prop] to _! natures--"s ^u grass1 "s ^u roots1 & o!rs ^u fruits4 ,nei!r d !y rob ! weak] ( _! n\ri%m5t4 ,b man1 su* is 8 voracity1 falls ^u all to satisfy ! pleasures ( 8 appetite1 tries all ?+s1 ta/es all ?+s2 &1 z if he 7 yet to seek :at 0 ! mo/ prop] diet & mo/ agreeable to 8 nature1 among all animals is ! only all-dev\r]4#de ,he makes use ( fle% n out ( want & necessity1 see+ t he has ! lib]ty to make 8 *oice ( h]bs & fruits1 ! pl5ty ( :i* is inexhau/ible2 b out ( luxury & be+ cloy$ ) necess>ies1 he seeks aft] impure & inconv5i5t diet1 pur*as$ by ! slaught] ( liv+ be+s2 by ?is %[+ himself m cruel ?an ! mo/ savage ( wild bea/s4 ,= blood1 murd]1 & fle% are prop] to n\ri% ! kite1 ! wolf1 & ! s]p5t3 to m5 !y are sup]flu\s vi&s4 ,! l[] animals ab/a9 f mo/ ( o!r k9ds & are at enmity ) only a few1 & t only compell$ by necessities ( hung]2 b nei!r fi%1 nor f[l1 nor any?+ t lives ^u ! l& escapes y\r tables1 ?\gh !y be> ! "n ( humane & hospitable40 ,reprobat+ ! h>%ness & inhumanity ( ,cato ! ,c5sor1 :o is usually reg>d$ z ! type ( old ,roman virtue1 ,plut>*1 ) 8 accu/om$ good feel+1 decl>es3-- 8,= my "p1 ,i _c b *>ge 8 us+ 8 s]vants l s _m horses & ox51 or turn+ !m (f or sell+ !m :5 gr[n old1 to ! acc\nt ( a mean & ung5]\s _s1 :i* ?9ks t ! sole tie betwe5 man & man is int]e/ or necessity4 ,b goodness moves 9 a l>g] sph]e ?an s-call$ ju/ice4 ,! obligations ( law & equity rea* only to mank9d1 b k9dness & b5efic5ce %\ld be ext5d$ to be+s ( e species4 ,& ^! always fl[ f ! brea/ ( a well-natur$ man1 z /reams t fl[ f ! liv+ f\nta94 ,a good man w take c>e ( 8 horses & dogs1 n only :ile !y are "y1 b :5 old & pa/ s]vice4 ,?us ! p ( ,a!ns1 :5 !y _h f9i%$ ! temple ( ,hecatomp$on1 set at lib]ty ! l[] animals t _h be5 *iefly employ$ 9 t "w1 suff]+ !m to pa/ure at l>ge1 free f any fur!r s]vice4444 ,we c]ta9ly ought n to treat liv+ be+s l %oes or h\sehold goods1 :i*1 :5 worn out ) use1 we ?r[ away2 & 7 x only to le>n b5evol5ce to human k9d1 we %\ld be compassionate to o!r be+s4 ,= my own "p1 ,i w\ld n sell ev5 an old ox t _h lab\r$ = me2 mu* less w\ld ,i remove1 = ! sake ( a little money1 a man1 gr[n old 9 my s]vice1 f 8 accu/om$ place--= to him1 poor man1 x w\ld be z bad z bani%m5t1 s9ce he c\ld be ( no m use to ! buy] ?an he 0 to ! sell]4 ,b ,cato1 z if he took a pride 9 ^! ?+s1 tells u t1 :5 ,consul1 he left 8 w>-horse 9 ,spa91 to save ! public ! *>ge ( 8 freight4 ,:e!r su* ?+s z ^! are in/ances ( greatness or ( littl5ess ( s\l1 let ! read] judge = himself40#df ,if we %all comp>e ^! s5tim5ts ( ! pagan humanit>ian ) ! e-day practices ( mod]n *ri/ian society 9 ! matt]1 e4g41 ( 8knack]s' y>ds10 & o!r simil> me?ods ( gett+ rid ( dumb dep5dants aft] a life-"t ( cont9u\s h>d lab\r--p]haps ( bad usage1 & ev5 semi-/>vation--! comp>ison sc>cely w be 9 fav\r ( *ri/ian e?ics4 ,f ! essay ,on ,fle%-,eat+ we extract ! pr9cipal & mo/ significant passages3-- ,,plut>*--,,essay ,,on ,,fle%-,,eat+4 8,y ask me ^u :at gr\nds ,py?agoras ab/a9$ f fe$+ on ! fle% ( animals4 ,i1 = my "p1 m>vel ( :at sort ( feel+1 m9d1 or reason1 t man 0 possess$ :o 0 ! fir/ to pollute 8 m\? ) gore1 & to all[ 8 lips to t\* ! fle% ( a murd]$ be+3 :o spread 8 table ) ! mangl$ =ms ( dead bodies1 & claim$ z 8 daily food :at 7 b n[ be+s end[$ ) movem5t1 ) p]ception1 & ) voice4 8,h[ c\ld 8 eyes endure ! spectacle ( ! flay$ & dismemb]$ limbs8 ,h[ c\ld 8 s5se ( smell endure ! horrid effluvium8 ,h[1 ,i ask1 0 8 ta/e n sick5$ by contact ) fe/]+ w\nds1 ) ! pollution ( corrupt$ blood & juices8 #8,! v hides began to creep1 & ! fle%1 bo? roa/ & raw1 groan$ on ! spits1 & ! slaught]$ ox5 7 end[$1 z x might seem1 ) human voice4'#dg ,?is is poetic fiction2 b ! actual fea/ ( ord9>y life is1 ( a tru?1 a v]itable port5t--t a human be+ %\ld hung] aft] ! fle% ( ox5 actually bell[+ be=e him1 & tea* ^u :at p>ts "o %\ld fea/1 & lay d[n elaborate rules ab\t jo9ts & roa/+s & di%es4 ,! fir/ man :o set ! example ( ?is savag]y is ! p]son to arraign2 n1 assur$ly1 t great m9d :i*1 9 a lat] age1 det]m9$ to h no?+ to d ) su* horrors4 8,= ! wret*es :o fir/ appli$ to fle%-eat+ may ju/ly be alleg$ 9 excuse _! utt] res\rcelessness & de/itution1 inasmu* z x 0 n to indulge 9 lawless desires1 or amid/ ! sup]fluities ( necess>ies1 = ! pleasure ( wanton indulg5ce 9 unnatural luxuries t !y ! primeval peoples betook !mselves to c>nivor\s habits4 8,if !y c\ld n[ assume consci\sness & spee* !y might exclaim1 #8,o ble/ & ,god-lov$ m5 :o live at ?is day6 ,:at a happy age 9 ! _w's hi/ory has fall5 to y\r lot1 y :o plant & reap an inh]itance ( all good ?+s :i* gr[ = y 9 ungrudg+ abundance6 ,:at ri* h>ve/s d y n ga!r 98 ,:at weal? f ! pla9s1 :at innoc5t pleasures is x n 9 y\r p[] to reap f ! ri* vegetation surr\nd+ y on all sides6 ,y may indulge 9 luxuri\s food )\t /a9+ y\r h&s ) innoc5t blood4 ,:ile z = u wret*es1 our lot 0 ca/ 9 an age ( ! _w ! mo/ savage & frightful conceivable4 ,we 7 plung$ into ! mid/ ( an all-prevail+ & fatal want ( ! commone/ necess>ies ( life f ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s fir/ g5esis1 :ile yet ! gross atmosph]e ( ! globe hid ! *e]ful heav5s f view1 :ile ! />s 7 yet wrapp$ 9 a d5se & gloomy mi/ ( fi]y vap\rs1 & ! sun e>? itself _h no firm & regul> c\rse4 ,our globe 0 !n a savage & uncultivat$ wild]ness1 p]petually ov]:elm$ ) ! floods ( ! disord]ly riv]s1 ab\nd+ 9 %apeless & imp5etrable morasses & =e/s4 ,n = u ! ga!r+ 9 ( dome/icat$ fruits2 no me*anical in/rum5t ( any k9d :]e) to fight aga9/ nature4 ,fam9es gave u no "t1 nor c\ld !re be any p]iods ( se$-"t & h>ve/4 8#8,:at wond]1 !n1 if1 contr>y to nature1 we _h rec\rse to ! fle% ( liv+ be+s1 :5 all our o!r means ( subsi/5ce consi/$ 9 wild corn or a sort ( grass--1 & ! b>k ( trees1 & ev5 slimy mud1 & :5 we deem$ ourselves =tunate to f9d "s *ance wild root or h]b8 ,:5 we ta/$ an acorn or bee*-nut we danc$ ) grateful joy ar\nd ! tree1 hail+ x z our b\nte\s "m & nurse4 ,su* 0 ! gala-fea/ ( ^? primeval days1 :5 ! :ole e>? 0 "o univ]sal sc5e ( passion & viol5ce1 eng5d]$ by ! /ruggle = ! v means ( exi/5ce4 8#8,b :at /ruggle = exi/5ce1 or :at goad+ madness has incit$ y to imbrue y\r h&s 9 blood--y :o h1 we repeat1 a sup]abundance ( all ! necess>ies & com=ts ( exi/5ce8 ,:y d y belie ! ,e>? z ?\gh x 7 unable to fe$ & n\ri% y8 ,:y d y d despite to ! b\nte\s goddess ,c]es1 & blaspheme ! sweet & mell[ gifts ( ,bac*us1 z ?\gh y receiv$ n a suffici5cy f !m8 8#8,does x n %ame y to m+le murd] & blood ) _! b5efic5t fruits8 ,o!r c>nivora y call savage & f]oci\s--lions & tig]s & s]p5ts--:ile y\rselves come beh9d !m 9 no species ( b>b>ity4 ,& yet = !m murd] is ! only means ( su/5ance2 :]eas to y x is a sup]flu\s luxury & crime4' 8,=1 9 po9t ( fact1 we d n kill & eat lions & wolves1 z we might d 9 self-def5ce--on ! contr>y1 we leave !m unmole/$2 & yet ! innoc5t & ! dome/icat$ & helpless & unprovid$ ) weapons ( (f5ce--^! we hunt & kill1 :om ,nature seems to h br\ght into exi/5ce = _! beauty & gracefulness4444 8,no?+ puts u out ( c\nt5ance 1 n ! *>m+ beauty ( _! =m1 n ! pla9tive sweetness ( _! voice or cry1 n _! m5tal intellig5ce 1 n ! purity ( _! diet1 n sup]iority ( und]/&+4 ,= ! sake ( a "p ( _! fle% only1 we deprive !m ( ! glori\s light ( ! sun--( ! life = :i* !y 7 born4 ,! pla9tive cries !y utt] we affect to take to be mean+less2 :]eas1 9 fact1 !y are entreaties & supplications & pray]s address$ to u by ea* :i* say1 #8,x is n ! satisfaction ( y\r real necessities we deprecate1 b ! wanton indulg5ce ( y\r appetites4 ,kill to eat1 if y mu/ or w1 b d n slay me t y may fe$ luxuri\sly4' 8,alas = our savage inhumanity6 ,x is a t]rible ?+ to see ! table ( ri* m5 deck$ out by ^? lay]s out ( corpses 1 ! but*]s & cooks3 a /ill m t]rible sight is ! same table aft] ! fea/--= ! wa/$ relics are ev5 m ?an ! consumption4 ,^! victims1 !n1 h giv5 up _! lives uselessly4 ,at o!r times1 f m]e nigg>dl9ess1 ! ho/ w grudge to di/ribute 8 di%es1 & yet he grudg$ n to deprive innoc5t be+s ( _! exi/5ce6 8,well1 ,i h tak5 away ! excuse ( ^? :o allege t !y h ! au?ority & sanction ( ,nature4 ,= t man is n1 by nature1 c>nivor\s is prov$1 9 ! fir/ place1 by ! ext]nal frame ( 8 body--see+ t to none ( ! animals design$ = liv+ on fle% has ! human body any resemblance4 ,he has no curv$ beak1 no %>p talons & claws1 no po9t$ tee?1 no int5se p[] ( /oma* or heat ( blood :i* might help him to ma/icate & dige/ ! gross & t\gh fle%-sub/ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 by ! smoo?ness ( 8 tee?1 ! small capacity ( 8 m\?1 ! s(tness ( 8 tongue1 & ! sluggi%ness ( 8 dige/ive app>atus1 ,nature /]nly =bids him to fe$ on fle%4 8,if1 9 spite ( all ?is1 y /ill affirm t y 7 int5d$ by nature = su* a diet1 !n1 to beg9 )1 kill y\rself :at y wi% to eat--b d x y\rself ) y\r own natural weapons1 )\t ! use ( but*]'s knife1 or axe1 or club4 ,no2 z ! wolves & lions & be>s !mselves slay all !y fe$ on1 s1 9 l mann]1 d y kill ! c[ or ox ) a gripe ( y\r jaws1 or ! pig ) y\r tee?1 or a h>e or a lamb by fall+ ^u & r5d+ !m !re & !n4 ,hav+ gone ?r\gh all ^! prelim9>ies1 !n sit d[n to y\r repa/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y wait until ! liv+ & intellig5t exi/5ce be depriv$ ( life1 & if x w\ld disgu/ y to h to r5d out ! he>t & %$ ! life-blood ( y\r victim1 :y1 ,i ask1 9 ! v face ( ,nature1 & 9 despite ( h]1 d y fe$ on be+s end[$ ) s5ti5t life8 ,b m ?an ?is--n ev51 aft] y\r victims h be5 kill$1 w y eat !m j z !y are f ! slaught]-h\se4 ,y boil1 roa/1 & altoge!r metamorphose !m by fire & condim5ts4 ,y entirely alt] & disguise ! murd]$ animal by ! use ( t5 ?\s& sweet h]bs & spices1 t y\r natural ta/e may be deceiv$ & be prep>$ to take ! unnatural food4 ,a prop] & witty rebuke 0 t ( ! ,sp>tan :o b\ght a fi% & gave x to 8 cook to dress4 ,:5 ! latt] ask$ = butt]1 & olive oil1 & v9eg>1 he repli$1 #8,:y1 if ,i _h all ^! ?+s1 ,i %\ld n h b\ght ! fi%6' 8,to su* a degree d we make luxuries ( blood%$1 t we call fle% #8a delicacy1' & =?) require delicate sauces = ?is same fle%-meat1 & mix toge!r oil & w9e & honey & pickle & v9eg> ) all ! spices ( ,syria & ,arabia--= all ! _w z ?\gh we 7 embalm+ a human corpse4 ,aft] all ^! het]og5e\s matt]s h be5 mix$ & dissolv$ &1 9 a mann]1 corrupt$1 x is = ! /oma*1 =soo?1 to ma/icate & assimilate !m--if x c4 ,& ?\gh ?is may be1 = ! "t1 accompli%$1 ! natural sequ5ce is a v>iety ( diseases1 produc$ by imp]fect dige/ion & repletion4#dh 8,diog5es 7! ,cynic7 _h ! c\rage1 on "o occasion1 to swall[ a polypus )\t any cook+ prep>ation1 to disp5se ) ! "t & tr\ble exp5d$ 9 ! kit*54 ,9 ! pres5ce ( a num]\s conc\rse ( prie/s & o!rs1 unwrapp+ ! morsel f 8 tatt]$ cloak1 & putt+ x to 8 lips1 #8,= y\r sakes1' cri$ he1 #8,i p]=m ?is extravagant action & incur ?is dang]4' ,a self-sacrifice truly m]itori\s6 ,n l ,pelopidas1 = ! fre$om ( ,!bes1 or l ,h>modius & ,ari/ogeiton1 on behalf ( ! citiz5s ( ,a!ns1 did ! philosoph] submit to ?is haz>d\s exp]im5ts2 = he act$ ?us t he might unb>b>ise1 if possible1 ! life ( human k9d4 8,fle%-eat+ is n unnatural to our physical con/itution only4 ,! m9d & intellect are made gross by gorg+ & repletion2 = fle%-meat & w9e may possibly t5d to give robu/ness to ! body1 b x gives only feebl5ess to ! m9d4 ,n to incur ! res5tm5t ( ! prize-fight]s ! a?letes1 ,i w avail myself ( examples ne>] home4 ,! wits ( ,a!ns1 x is well kn[n1 be/[ on u ,botians ! epi!ts #8gross1' #8dull-bra9$1' & #8/upid1' *iefly on acc\nt ( our gross fe$+4 ,we are ev5 call$ #8hogs4' ,m5&] nicknames u ! #8jaw-p' 4 ,p9d> has x t #8m9d is a v second>y consid]ation ) !m4' #8,a f9e und]/&+ ( cl\d$ brilliancy' is ! ironical phrase ( ,h]akleitus4444 8,besides & beyond all ^! reasons1 does x n seem admirable to fo/] habits ( philan?ropy8 ,:o t is s k9dly & g5tly dispos$ t[>ds be+s ( ano!r species w\ld ev] be incl9$ to d injury to 8 own k9d8 ,i rememb] 9 conv]sation he>+1 z a say+ ( ,x5okrates1 t ! ,a!nians impos$ a p5alty ^u a man = flay+ a %eep alive1 & he :o tortures a liv+ be+ is little worse 7x seems to me7 ?an he :o ne$lessly deprives ( life & murd]s outright4 ,we h1 x appe>s1 cle>] p]ceptions ( :at is contr>y to propriety & cu/om ?an ( :at is contr>y to nature4444 8,reason proves bo? by our ?\ghts & our desires t we are 7comp>atively7 new to ! reek+ fea/s ( kreophagy4 ,yet x is h>d1 z says ,cato1 to argue ) /oma*s s9ce !y h no e>s2 & ! inebriat+ potion ( ,cu/om#di has be5 drunk1 l ,circe's1 ) all its deceptions & wit*]ies4 ,n[ t m5 are saturat$ & p5etrat$1 z x 71 ) love ( pleasure1 x is n an easy task to attempt to pluck out f _! bodies ! fle%-bait$ hook4 ,well w\ld x be if1 z ! p ( ,egypt turn+ _! back to ! pure light ( day disemb[ell$ _! dead & ca/ away ! (fal1 z ! v s\rce & orig9 ( _! s9s1 we1 too1 9 l mann]1 7 to eradicate blood%$ & gluttony f ourselves & purify ! rema9d] ( our lives4 ,if ! irreproa*able diet be impossible to any by reason ( invet]ate habit1 at lea/ let !m dev\r _! fle% z driv5 to x by hung]1 n 9 luxuri\s wantonness1 b ) feel+s ( %ame4 ,slay y\r victim1 b at lea/ d s ) feel+s ( pity & pa91 n ) call\s he$lessness & ) torture4 ,& yet t is :at is done 9 a v>iety ( ways4 8,9 slaught]+ sw9e1 = example1 !y ?ru/ r$-hot irons into _! liv+ bodies1 s t1 by suck+ up or diffus+ ! blood1 !y may r5d] ! fle% s(t & t5d]4 ,"s but*]s jump ^u or kick ! udd]s ( pregnant s[s1 t by m+l+ ! blood & milk & matt] ( ! embryos t h be5 murd]$ toge!r 9 ! v pangs ( p>turition1 !y may enjoy ! pleasure ( fe$+ ^u unnaturally & highly inflam$ fle%6#ej ,aga91 x is a common practice to /it* up ! eyes ( cranes & swans1 & %ut !m up 9 d>k places to fatt54 ,9 ?is & o!r simil> ways are manufactur$ _! da9ty di%es1 ) all ! v>ieties ( sauces & spices --,lydian sauces1 compos$ ( blood & spices--f all :i* x is suffici5tly evid5t t m5 h indulg$ _! lawless appetites 9 ! pleasures ( luxury1 n = necess>y food1 & f no necessity1 b only out ( ! m]e/ wantonness1 & gluttony1 & display44440#ea ,among ! illu/ri\s e>li] contempor>ies ( ,plut>* :o practis$ no less ?an prea*$ rigid ab/95ce1 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 ! ,py?agorean1 "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y m5 ( any age1 des]ves p>ticul> notice4 ,he came into ! _w 9 ! same ye> ) ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,b4,c4 #d4 ,! facts & fictions ( 8 life we owe to ,philo/ratus1 :o wrote 8 memoirs at ! express desire ( ! ,empress ,julia ,domna1 ! wife ( ,sev]us4 ,apollonius1 accord+ to 8 biograph]1 came ( noble ance/ry4 ,he e>ly appli$ himself to sev]e /udy at ! ev] memorable ,t>sus1 :]e he may h kn[n ! great p]secutor1 & aft]w>ds second f\nd]1 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,disgu/$ ) ! luxury ( ! p1 he soon exil$ himself to a m cong5ial atmosph]e1 & appli$ himself to ! exam9ation ( ! v>i\s s*ools ( philosophy--! ,epicurean1 ! ,/oic1 ! ,p]ipatetic1 c4--f9ally giv+ ! pref]5ce to ! ,py?agorean4 ,he embrac$ ! /ricte/ ascetic life1 & travell$ ext5sively1 visit+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ,n9eveh1 ,babylon1 &1 x is said1 ,india1 & aft]w>ds ,greece1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,roman ,africa & ,e?iopia4 ,at ! accession ( ,domitian1 he n>r[ly escap$ f ! h&s ( t tyrant1 aft] hav+ volunt>ily giv5 himself up to 8 tribunal1 by an ex]tion ( 8 reput$ sup]natural p[]4 ,he pass$ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life at ,ephesus1 :]e1 accord+ to ! well-kn[n /ory1 he is said to h ann\nc$ ! dea? ( ,domitian at ! v mom5t ( ! ev5t at ,rome4 ,8 alleg$ miracles 7 s celebrat$1 & s curi\sly resemble ! ,*ri/ian miracles1 t !y h excit$ an unusual am\nt ( att5tion4#eb ,un=tunately1 ! life by ,philo/ratus1 9 accordance ) ! ta/e ( a necess>ily uncritical age1 is s full ( ! pret]natural & m>vell\s t ! real fact t ! py?agorean philosoph] _h acquir$ & possess$ extraord9>y m5tal z well z moral faculties1 :i* might well be deem$ sup]natural at t p]iod1 is too apt to be discr$it$4 ,! ,life 0 compos$ long aft] ! dea? ( ! h]o1 & ?us a consid]able am\nt ( inv5tive lic5se 0 possible to ! biograph]2 b t x re/$ ^u an und\bt$ sub/ratum ( actual occurr5ces w sc>cely be disput$4 ,!re is "o passage :i* des]ves to be transcrib$ z ( wid] application4 ,! p ( a t[n 9 ,pamphylia 79 ! ,less] ,asia71 :]e ! great ,?aumaturgi/ *anc$ to be /ay+1 7 />v+ 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty by ! selfi% policy ( ! monopoli/s ( gra91 &1 driv5 to desp]ation1 7 on ! po9t ( attack+ ! responsible au?orities4 ,apollonius1 at ?is crisis1 wrote ! foll[+ address1 & gave x to ! magi/rates to read al\d3-- 8,apollonius to ! ,monopoli/s ( ,corn 9 ,asp5dos1 greet+3 ,! ,e>? is ! common "m ( all1 = %e is j4#ec ,y are unju/1 = y h made h] ! "m ( y\rselves only4 ,if y w n cease f act+ ?us1 ,i w n suff] y to rema9 ^u h]40 ,philo/ratus assures u t 8intimidat$ by ^! indignant words !y fill$ ! m>ket ) gra91 & ! city recov]$ f its di/ress40 ,,vii4 ,,t]tullian4 #afj-bdj 787 ,a4,d4 ,! e>lie/ ( ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs extant is1 also1 "o ( ! mo/ e/eem$ by ! ,*ur*1#ed not)/&+ ! well-kn[n het]odoxy ( 8 lat] life1 z ! fir/ ,apologi/ ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,we/]n & ,lat9 _w4 ,he 0 a native ( ,c>?age1 ! son ( an (fic] hold+ an important po/ "u ! imp]ial gov]nm5t4 ,! facts ( 8 life kn[n to u are v few1 nor is x asc]ta9$ at :at p]iod he became a conv]t to ! new religion1 or :5 he 0 orda9$ z presbyt]4 ,! ill-treatm5t to :i* he 0 subject$ by 8 cl]ical bre?r5 at ,rome induc$ him1 x seems1 to ?r[ 9 8 lot ) ! ,montani/ sect1 9 ^: def5ce he wrote sev]al books4 ,he liv$ to an advanc$ age4 ,( 8 num]\s works ! be/ kn[n 7by "n at lea/7 is 8 ,apologeticus 78,an ,apology = ,*ri/ianity074 ,among/ 8 o!r treatises we may enum]ate ,de ,spectaculis 78,on ,%[s071 ,on ,idolatry1 ,on ! ,soldi]'s ,cr[n 79 :i* ,t]tullian raises ! "q ( ! lawfulness ( ! 8viol5t & sangu9>y occupation0 ( ! soldi]1 b r1 h[ev]1 = ! reason ( ! circum/ances ( ! pagan c]emonial71 ,on ,monogamy1 ,on ! ,dress ( ,wom5 7^u ! extravagance ( :i* ! 8,old ,fa!rs0 7 eloqu5tly d5unciative71 ,address to 8 ,wife4 ,! treatise :i* "h conc]ns u is 8 ,de ,jejuniis ,adv]sus ,psy*icos4#ee ,t]tullian sets himself to expose ! subt]fuge ( a l>ge proportion ( ! pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians 9 8 day :o appeal$ to ! pret5d$ au?ority ( ,*ri/ & 8 ,apo/les = ! lawfulness ( fle%-eat+4 ,especially does he refute ! 7suppos$7 def5ce ( kreophagy 9 ,i4 ,tim4 iv41 #c4ef ,z to ! celebrat$ v]se 9 ,g5esis :i* solemnly enjo9s ! vegetable diet1 ! oppon5ts ( ab/95ce allege ! p]mission aft]w>ds giv5 to ! 8po/-diluvians40 8,to ?is we reply10 says ,t]tullian1 8t x 0 n prop] t man %\ld be burd5$ ) an express comm& to ab/a91 :o _h n be5 able 9 fact1 to support ev5 s slight a prohibition z t ( n to eat "o s+le species ( fruit2 &1 !re=e1 he 0 releas$ f t /r+5cy t1 by ! v enjoym5t ( fre$om1 he might le>n to acquire /r5g? ( m9d2 & aft] ! #8flood1' 9 ! re=mation ( ! human species1 ! simple comm& to ab/a9 f blood suffic$1 & ! use ( o!r ?+s 0 freely left to 8 *oice4 ,inasmu* z ,god _h display$ 8 judgm5t ?r\gh ! #8flood1' & _h ?reat5$1 moreov]1 exquisition ( blood1 :e!r at ! h& ( man or ( bea/1 giv+ evid5t pro( be=eh& ( ! ju/ice ( 8 s5t5ce1 he left !m lib]ty ( *oice & responsibility1 supply+ ! mat]ial = discipl9e by ! fre$om ( w1 int5d+ to enjo9 ab/95ce by ! v indulg5ce grant$1 9 ord]1 z we h said1 t ! primordial (f5ce might be ! bett] expiat$ by great] ab/95ce "u ! opportunity ( great] lic5se40 7,quo magis1 ut diximus1 primordiale delictum expi>etur majoris ab/95ti op]atione 9 majoris lic5ti occasione47 ,he quotes ! v>i\s passages 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 9 :i* ! causes ( ! idolatr\s proclivities & ! crimes ( ! e>li] ,jews are connect$ by ,jehovah & 8 prophets ) fle%-eat+ & gross liv+3-- 8,:e!r or no10 he proce$s1 8,i h unreasonably expla9$ ! cause ( ! condemnation ( ! ord9>y food by ,god1 & ( ! obligation ^u u1 ?r\gh ! div9e w1 to d5\nce x1 let u consult ! common consci5ce ( m54 ,nature h]self w in=m u :e!r1 be=e gross eat+ & dr9k+1 we 7 n ( mu* m p[]ful intellect1 ( mu* m s5sitive feel+1 ?an :5 ! entire domicile ( m5's int]ior has be5 /uff$ ) meats1 inundat$ ) w9es1 &1 f]m5t+ ) fil? 9 c\rse ( dige/ion1 turn$ into a m]e prep>atory place = ! draught 7,prm$itatorium latr9>um74#eg 8,i greatly mi/ake 7m5tior7 if ,god himself1 upbraid+ ! =getfulness ( himself by ,israel1 does n attribute x to fulness ( /oma*4 ,9 f9e1 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 bidd+ !m to be on _! gu>d aga9/ ! same cause1 he says1 #8,le/ :5 ?\ ha/ eat5 & art full--:5 ?y flocks & ?y h]ds multiply1' c4 ,he makes ! enormity ( gluttony an evil sup]ior to any o!r corrupt+ result ( ri*es4444 ,s great is ! privilege 7pr]ogative7 ( a circumscrib$ diet t x makes ,god a dwell] ) m5 7contub]nalem--lit]ally1 #8a fell[-gue/'71 &1 inde$1 to live 7z x 77 on equal t]ms ) !m4 ,= if ! et]nal ,god--z he te/ifies ?r\gh ,isaiah--feels no hung]1 man1 too1 may become equal to ! ,deity :5 he subsi/s )\t gross n\ri%m5t40 ,he in/ances ,daniel & 8 c\ntrym51 8:o pref]r$ vegetable food & wat] to ! royal di%es & goblets1 & s became m comely ?an ! re/1 9 ord] t no "o might fe> = 8 p]sonal appe>ance2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 !y 7 /ill m improv$ 9 und]/&+40 ,z to ! prie/hood3-- 8,god said to ,a>on1 #8,w9e & /rong liquor %all ye n dr9k1 y & y\r sons aft] y1' c4 ,s1 also1 he upbraids ,israel3 #8,& ye gave ! ,naz>ites w9e to dr9k4' 7,amos ii41 #c47 ,n[ ?is prohibition ( dr9k is ess5tially connect$ ) ! vegetable diet4 ,?us1 :]e ab/95ce f w9e is requir$ by ,god1 or is v[$ by man1 !re1 too1 may be und]/ood suppression ( gross fe$+1 = z is ! eat+1 s is ! dr9k+ 7qualis enim esus1 talis et potus74 ,x is n consi/5t ) tru? t a man %\ld sacrifice half ( 8 /oma* 7gulam7 only to ,god--t he %\ld be sob] 9 dr9k+1 b intemp]ate 9 eat+4#eh 8,y reply1 f9ally1 t ?is ab/95ce is to be obs]v$ accord+ to ! w ( ea* individual1 n by imp]i\s obligation4 ,b :at sort ( ?+ is ?is1 t y %\ld all[ to y\r arbitr>y incl9ations :at y w n all[ to ! w ( ,god8 ,%all m lic5ce be conc$$ to ! human incl9ations ?an to ! div9e p[]8 ,i1 = my "p1 hold t1 free f obligation to foll[ ! fa%ions ( ! _w1 ,i am n free f obligation to ,god40 ,9 reg>d to ,/4 ,paul's well-kn[n s5t5ces 7,rom4 xiv41 #a1 c471 ,t]tullian ma9ta9s t he ref]s to c]ta9 tea*]s ( ab/95ce :o act$ f pride1 n f a s5se ( "r3-- 8,& ev5 if he has h&$ ov] to y ! keys ( ! slaught]-h\se or but*]'s %op 7,macelli7 9 p]mitt+ y to eat all ?+s1 except+ sacrifices to idols1 at lea/ he has n made ! k+dom ( heav5 to consi/ 9 but*]y2 #8=1' says he1 #8eat+ & dr9k+ is n ! k+dom ( ,god1 & food comm5ds u n to ,god4' ,y are n to suppose x said ( vegetable1 b ( gross & luxuri\s1 food1 s9ce he adds1 #8,nei!r if we eat h we any?+ ! m1 nor if we eat n h we any?+ ! less4'#ei ,h[ unwor?ily1 too1 d y press ! example ( ,*ri/ z hav+ come #8eat+ & dr9k+' into ! s]vice ( y\r lu/s4 ,i ?9k t ,he :o pron\nc$ n ! full b ! hungry & ?ir/y #8bless$1' :o pr(ess$ ,8 "w to be 7n z ,8 disciples und]/ood x7 ! completion ( ,8 ,fa!r's w1 ,i ?9k t ,he 0 wont to ab/a9--in/ruct+ !m to lab\r = t #8meat' :i* la/s to et]nal life1 & enjo9+ 9 _! common pray]s petition1 n = ri* & gross food1 b = bread only4 8,& if !re be ,"o :o pref]s ! works ( ju/ice1 n1 h[ev]1 )\t sacrifice--t is to say1 a _s ex]cis$ by ab/95ce--x is surely t ,god to :om nei!r a glutton\s p nor prie/ 0 acceptable--monum5ts ( ^: concupisc5ce rema9 to ?is day1 :]e 0 buri$ a l>ge proportion ( a p gre$y & clamor\s = fle%-meats1 gorg+ quails ev5 to ! po9t ( induc+ jaundice4#fj 8,y\r belly is y\r god10 ?us he indignantly reproa*es ! apologi/s ( kreophagy1 8y\r liv] is y\r temple1 y\r paun* is y\r alt>1 ! cook is y\r prie/1 & ! fat /eam is y\r ,holy ,_s2 ! season+s & ! sauces are y\r *risms1 & y\r eructations are y\r prophesy+s4 ,i ev]10 cont9ues ,t]tullian ) bitt] irony1 8recognise ,esau ! hunt] z a man ( ta/e 7sap]e71 & z 8 7 s are y\r :ole skill & int]e/ giv5 to hunt+ & trapp+--j l him y come 9 #8f ! field' ( y\r lic5ti\s *ase4 ,7 ,i to (f] y #8a mess ( pottage1' y w\ld1 d\btless1 /raightway sell all y\r #8bir?right4' ,x is 9 ! cook+-pots t y\r love is inflam$--x is 9 ! kit*5 t y\r fai? gr[s f]vid--x is 9 ! fle% di%es t all y\r hope lies hid4444 ,:o is held 9 s mu* e/eem ) y z ! frequ5t giv] ( d9n]s1 z ! sumptu\s ent]ta9]1 z ! practis$ toa/] ( heal?s8 8,consi/5tly d y m5 ( fle% reject ! ?+s ( ! _s4 ,b if y\r prophets are complac5t t[>ds su* p]sons1 !y are n my prophets4 ,:y prea* y n con/antly1 #8,let u eat & dr9k1 = to-morr[ we die1' j z we prea*1 #8,let u ab/a91 bro!rs & si/]s1 le/ to-morr[1 p]*ance1 we die'8 8,let u op5ly & boldly v9dicate our tea*+4 ,we are sure t !y #8:o are 9 ! fle% _c please ,god4'#fa ,n1 surely1 mean+ #89 ! cov]+ or sub/ance ( ! fle%1' b 9 ! c>e1 ! affection1 ! desire = x4 ,z = u1 less grossness 7macies7 ( ! body is no cause ( regret1 = nei!r does ,god give fle% by weight any m ?an he gives _s by measure4444 ,let prize-fight]s & pugili/s fatt5 !mselves up 7sag95tur7--= !m a m]e corporeal ambition suffices4 ,& yet ev5 !y become /rong] by liv+ on vegetable food 7x]ophagia--lit]ally1 #8eat+ ( dry foods'74 ,b o!r /r5g? & vig\r is our aim1 z o!r conte/s are ours1 :o fight n aga9/ fle% & blood4 ,aga9/ our antagoni/s we mu/ fight--n by means ( fle% & blood1 b ) fai? & a /rong m9d4 ,= ! re/1 a grossly-fe$+ ,*ri/ian is ak9 7necess>ius7 to lions & be>s r ?an to ,god1 al?\gh ev5 z aga9/ wild bea/s x %\ld be our int]e/ to practice ab/95ce40#fb ,,viii4 ,,clem5t ,,( ,,alex&ria4 ,,di$ #bbj 787 ,a4,d4 ,! attitude ( ! fir/ great ,*ri/ian writ]s & apologi/s 9 reg>d to total ab/95ce 0 some:at peculi>4 ,tra9$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,plato1 9 ! lat] developm5t ( neo-platonism1 _! /ronge/ convictions & _! p]sonal sympa?ies 71 naturally1 anti-kreophagi/ic4 ,! traditions1 too1 ( ! e>lie/ p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity co9cid$ ) _! pre-,*ri/ian convictions1 s9ce ! imm$iate & accr$it$ repres5tatives ( ! ,f\nd] ( ! new religion1 :o presid$ ov] ! fir/ ,*ri/ian society1 7 commonly held to h be51 equally ) _! pr$ecessors & contempor>ies ! ,ess5es1 /rict ab/95ts f fle%-eat+4#fc ,moreov]1 ! v num]\s p>ty 9 ! ,*ur*--! mo/ diametrically oppos$ 9 o!r respects to ! ,jewi% or ,ebionite ,*ri/ians--! ,gno/ics or philosophical ,*ri/ians1 8! mo/ polite1 ! mo/ le>n$1 & ! mo/ weal?y ( ! ,*ri/ian "n10 = ! mo/ "p agre$ ) _! rivals = or?odox supremacy 9 av]sion f fle%1 &1 z x seems1 = ne>ly ! same reason--a belief 9 ! ess5tial & inh]5t evil ( matt]1 a p]suasion1 x may be said1 h[ev] unsci5tific1 n unnatural1 p]haps1 9 any age1 & c]ta9ly n surpris+ 9 an age especially *>act]is$ by ! grosse/ mat]ialism1 selfi%ness1 & cruelty4 ,b ! cre$ ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 :i* ev5tually became ! prevail+ & rul+ dogma1 l t ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* at ! ,revolution ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 0 a compromise--a compromise betwe5 ! two opposite p>ties ( ^? :o receiv$ & ^? :o reject$ ! old ,jewi% revelation4 ,on ! "o h& ,*ri/ianity1 9 its lat] & m develop$ =m1 _h ins5sibly ca/ (f ! rigid =malism & exclusiv5ess ( ,mosaism1 &1 on ! o!r1 _h /amp$ ) ! br& ( h]esy ! ,greek infusion ( philosophy & lib]alism4 ,un=tunately1 unable cle>ly to di/+ui% betwe5 ! true & ! false--betwe5 ! accid5tal & fanciful & ! p]man5t & real--timidly cauti\s ( approv+ any?+ :i* seem$ connect$ ) h]esy--! lead]s ( ! dom9ant body 7 prone to seek refuge 9 a middle c\rse1 9 reg>d to ! "q ( fle%-eat+1 sc>cely consi/5t ) /rict logic or /rict reason4 ,:ile advocat+ ab/95ce z ! highe/ spiritual ex]cise or aspiration1 !y seem to h be5 unduly anxi\s to disclaim any motives o!r ?an ascetic--to disclaim1 9 f9e1 humanit>ian or 8secul>0 reason1 su* z t ( ! ,py?agoreans4 ,su* 0 ! feel+1 app>5tly1 ( ! lat] or?odox *ur*1 at lea/ 9 ! ,we/4 ,:ile1 h[ev]1 we ?us f9d1 occasionally1 a c]ta9 con/ra9t & ev5 contradiction 9 ! !ory ( ! fir/ great tea*]s ( ! ,*ur*1 ! practice 0 mu* m consi/5t4 ,t1 9 fact1 dur+ ! fir/ ?ree or f\r c5turies ! mo/ e/eem$ ( ! ,*ri/ian h]oes & sa9ts 7 n only non-fle%-eat]s b ,veget>ians ( ! extreme/ k9d 7f> surpass+1 if we give any cr$it to ! acc\nts we h ( !m1 ! mo/ frugal ( mod]n ab/a9]s7 is well kn[n to ev]yone at all acqua9t$ ) ecclesia/ical &1 especially1 eremitical hi/ory--& x is unnecess>y to fur!r insi/ ^u a notori\s fact4#fd ,titus ,flavius ,clem5s1 ! f\nd] ( ! fam\s ,alex&rian s*ool ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 & at once ! mo/ le>n$ & mo/ philosophic ( all ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 is g5]ally suppos$ to h be5 a native ( ,a!ns4 ,8 ,lat9 "n sugge/s "s connexion ) ! family ( ,clem5s1 c\s9 ( ! emp]or ,domitian1 :o is said to h be5 put to dea? = ! crime ( a!ism1 z ! new religion 0 commonly t]m$ by ! or?odox pagans4 ,he travell$ & /udi$ ! v>i\s philosophies 9 ! ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,on accept+ ! ,*ri/ian fai? he s\ght in=mation 9 ! s*ools ( its mo/ reput$ tea*]s1 ( :om ! "n ( ,pantnus is ! only "o kn[n to u4 ,at ! dea? ( ,pantnus1 9 #aij1 ,clem5t succe$$ to ! *air ( !ology 9 ,alex&ria1 & at ! same "t1 p]haps1 he became a presbyt]4 ,he cont9u$ to lecture ) great reputation till ! ye> #bjb1 :5 ! p]secution "u ,sev]us =c$ him to retire f ! ,egyptian capital4 ,he !n took refuge 9 ,pale/9e1 & appe>s n to h return$ to ,alex&ria4 ,! "t & mann] ( 8 dea? are alike unkn[n4 ,he is suppos$ to h di$ 9 ! ye> #bbj4 ,among/ 8 pupils by f> ! mo/ fam\s1 h>dly second to himself 9 le>n+ & ability1 0 ,orig51 8 successor 9 ! ,alex&rian pr(essor%ip4 ,8 ?ree great works are3 ,a ,hortatory ,disc\rse ,address$ to ! ,greeks 7 71 ,! ,in/ructor 7,paidagogos--/rictly1 ,tutor1 or ,conductor to s*ool71 & ! ,miscellanies 7,/romateis1 or ,/romata--lit4 8,pat*-"w074#fe ,! ?ree works 7 int5d$ to =m a graduat$ & complete initiation & in/ruction 9 ,*ri/ian !ology & e?ics4 ,! fir/ is address$ to ! pagan ,greek _w1 ! second to ! rec5t conv]t1 & 9 ! la/ he conducts ! initiat$ to ! high] gnosis1 or k4 ,! ,miscellanies orig9ally consi/$ ( eight books1 ! la/ ( :i* is lo/4 ,! :ole s]ies is ( unusual value1 n only z ! record ( ! op9ions ( ! able/ & mo/ philosophical ( ! m$iators betwe5 ,greek philosophy & ! ,*ri/ian cre$1 b also z conta9+ an imm5se am\nt ( in=mation on ,greek life & lit]ature4 ,eloqu5ce1 e>ne/ness1 & erudition equally *>act]ise ! writ+s ( ,clem5t4 ,he assumes ! "n & "* ( a ,gno/ic1#ff or philosophic ,*ri/ian1 n 9 ! hi/orical b 9 8 own s5se ( ! ^w1 & pr(esses himself an eclectic--z f> z a lib]al int]pretation ( 8 religion admitt$4 8,by philosophy10 he says1 8,i d n mean ! ,/oic1 ! ,platonic1 ! ,epicurean1 or ! ,ari/otelian1 b all t has be5 well said 9 ea* ( ^? sects tea*+ righte\sness ) religi\s sci5ce--all ?is select$ tru? 7 7 ,i call philosophy40 ,aga91 he e*oes ! s5tim5ts ( ,s5eca 9 lam5t+ t 8we incl9e m to beliefs t are 9 repute 7 71 ev5 :5 !y are contradictory1 ?an to ! tru?0 7,miscellanies1 i4 & vii474 8,x w\ld h be5 well = ,*ri/ianity if ! pr9ciples1 :i* he set =? ) su* an array ( pr(\nd s*ol>%ip & +5i\s reason+1 _h be5 adopt$ m g5]ally by ^? :o came aft] him4444 ,if anyone1 ev5 9 a ,prote/ant community1 7 to ass]t ! lib]al & compreh5sive pr9ciples ( ! great ,fa!r ( ,alex&ria1 he w\ld be told t he wi%$ to compromise ! di/9ctive claims ( !ology1 & t he 0 little bett] ?an a hea!n & a publican40#fg ,x is 9 8 second treatise1 ! ,in/ructor or ,tutor1 t ,clem5t displays 8 op9ions on ! subject ( fle%-eat+3-- 8,"s m5 live t !y may eat1 z ! irrational be+s #8^: life is _! belly & no?+ else4' ,b ! ,in/ructor enjo9s u to eat t we may live4 ,= nei!r is food our bus9ess1 nor is pleasure our aim4 ,!re=e discrim9ation is to be us$ 9 ref]5ce to food3 x mu/ be pla91 truly simple1 suit+ precisely simple & artless *ildr5--z m9i/]+ to life n to luxury4 ,& ! life to :i* x conduces consi/s ( two ?+s1 heal? & /r5g?3 to :i* pla9ness ( f>e is mo/ suitable1 be+ conducive bo? to dige/ion & lightness ( body1 f :i* come gr[?1 & heal?1 & "r /r5g?3 n /r5g? t is viol5t or dang]\s1 & wret*$1 z is t ( ! a?letes :i* is produc$ by artificial fe$+40 ,ref]r+ to ! injunction ( ,jesus1 8,:5 ?\ make/ an ent]ta9m5t1 call ! poor10 = 8^: sake *iefly a supp] ought to be made10 ,clem5t says ( ! ri*3-- 8,!y h n yet le>n$ t ,god has provid$ = 8 creature 7man1 ,i mean7 food & dr9k = su/5ance n = pleasure3 s9ce ! body d]ives no advantage f extravagance 9 vi&s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ^? :o use ! mo/ frugal f>e are ! /ronge/ & ! heal?ie/1 & ! noble/3 z dome/ics are heal?i] & /rong] ?an _! ma/]s1 & agricultural lab\r]s ?an proprietors1 & n only m vigor\s b wis] ?an ri* m54 ,= !y h n buri$ ! m9d b5ea? food4 ,:olly unnatural & inhuman is x = ^? :o are ( ! e>?1 fatt5+1 !mselves l cattle1 to fe$ !mselves up = dea?4#fh ,look+ d[nw>ds on ! e>?1 b5d+ ev] ov] tables1 lead+ a life ( gluttony1 bury+ all ! good ( exi/5ce "h 9 a life t by & by w end = ev]3 s t cooks are held 9 high] e/eem ?an ! till]s ( ! gr\nd4 ,we d n aboli% social int]c\rse1 b we look ) suspicion on ! sn>es ( ,cu/om & reg>d !m z a fatal mis*ief4 ,!re=e da9t9ess mu/ be spurn$1 & we are to p>take ( few & necess>y ?+s4444 ,nor is x suitable to eat & dr9k simultane\sly4 ,= x is ! v extreme ( intemp]ance to conf\nd ! times ^: uses are discordant4 ,& #8:e!r ye eat or dr9k1 d all to ! glory ( ,god1' aim+ aft] true frugality1 :i* ,*ri/ also seems to me to h h9t$ at :5 he bless$ ! loaves & ! cook$ fi%es ) :i* he fea/$ ! disciples1 introduc+ a beautiful example ( simple diet4 ,& ! fi% :i*1 at ! comm& ( ! ,"l1 ,pet] caught1 po9ts to dige/ible & ,god-giv5 & mod]ate food4444 ,we mu/ gu>d aga9/ ^? sorts ( food :i* p]suade u to eat :5 we are n hungry1 bewit*+ ! appetite4 ,= is !re n1 )9 a temp]ate simplicity1 a :olesome v>iety ( eatables--vegetables1 roots1 olives1 h]bs1 milk1 *eese1 fruits1 & all k9ds ( dry food8 #8,h y any?+ "h to eat8' said ! ,"l to ! disciples aft] ! resurrection3 & !y1 z taught by ,him to practice frugality1 #8gave him a piece ( broil$ fi%1' & besides ?is1 x is n to be ov]look$ t ^? :o fe$ accord+ to ! ,^w are n deb>r$ f da9ties--su* z honey combs4 ,= ( sorts ( food ^? are ! mo/ prop] :i* are fit = imm$iate use )\t fire1 s9ce !y are readie/3 & second to ^! are ^? :i* are ! simple/1 z we said be=e4 ,b ^? :o b5d ar\nd inflammatory tables1 n\ri%+ _! own diseases1 are rul$ by a mo/ lic5ti\s disease :i* ,i %all v5ture to call ! demon ( ! belly3 & ! wor/ & mo/ vile ( demons4 ,x is f> bett] to be happy ?an to h a devil dwell+ 9 u3 & happ9ess is f\nd only 9 ! practice ( virtue4 ,accord+ly ! ,apo/le ,mat!w liv$ ^u se$s & nuts1 7--h>d-%ell$ fruits7 & vegetables )\t ! use ( fle%4 ,& ,john1 :o c>ri$ temp]ance to ! extreme1 #8ate locu/s & wild honey4'0 ,z to ! ,jewi% laws3 8,! ,jews10 says ,clem5t1 8_h frugality enjo9$ on !m by ! ,law 9 ! mo/ sy/ematic mann]4 ,= ! ,in/ructor1 by ,moses1 depriv$ !m ( ! use ( innum]able ?+s1 add+ reasons--! spiritual ones hidd51 ! c>nal ones app>5t--to :i* latt]1 inde$1 !y h tru/$03-- 8,s t1 altoge!r1 b a few animals 7 left prop] = _! food4 ,& ( ^? :i* he p]mitt$ !m to t\*1 he prohibit$ su* z _h di$1 or 7 (f]$ to idols1 or _h be5 /rangl$3 inasmu* z to t\* ^! 0 unlawful4444 ,pleasure has (t5 produc$ 9 m5 h>m & pa91 & full fe$+ begets 9 ! s\l uneas9ess1 & =getfulness1 & fooli%ness4 ,x is said1 moreov]1 t ! bodies ( *ildr51 :5 %oot+ up to _! height1 are made to gr[ "r by ab/95ce 9 diet2 = !n ! _s :i* p]vades ! body1 9 ord] to its gr[?1 is n *eck$ by abundance ( food ob/ruct+ ! fre$om ( its c\rse4 ,:5ce t tru?-seek+ philosoph]1 ,plato1 fann+ ! sp>k ( ! ,hebrew philosophy1 :5 condemn+ a life ( luxury1 says3 #8,on my com+ hi!r to ,syracuse ! life :i* is "h call$ happy pleas$ me n by any means4 ,= n "o man "u heav51 if br\ght up f 8 y\? 9 su* practices1 w ev] turn out a wise man1 ) h[ev] admirable g5ius he may be end[$4' ,= ,plato 0 n unacqua9t$ ) ,david1#fi :o plac$ ! sacr$ ark 9 8 city 9 ! mid/ ( ! tab]nacle1 & bidd+ all 8 subjects rejoice #8be=e ! ,"l1 divid$ to ! :ole ho/ ( ,israel1 m5 & wom51 to ea* a loaf ( bread1 & bak$ bread1 & a cake f ! fry+-pan4'#gj ,?is 0 ! suffici5t su/5ance ( ! ,israelites4 ,b t ( ! ,g5tiles 0 ov]-abundant1 & no "o :o uses x w ev] /udy to become temp]ate1 bury+1 z he does1 8 m9d 9 8 belly1 v l ! fi% call$ onos :i*1 ,ari/otle says1 alone ( all creatures has its he>t 9 its /oma*4 ,?is fi% ,epi*>mus1 ! comic poet1 calls #8mon/]-paun*4' ,su* are ! m5 :o believe 9 _! /oma*1 #8^: ,god is _! belly1 ^: glory is 9 _! %ame1 :o m9d e>?ly ?+s4' ,to !m ! apo/le pr$ict$ no good :5 he said #8^: end is de/ruction4'0#ga ,9 treat+ ( ! subject ( sacrifices1 ^u :i* he uses a good deal ( s>casm 79 reg>d to ! pagan sacrifices at lea/71 ,clem5t incid5tally all[s u to see1 /ill fur!r1 8 op9ion respect+ gross fe$+4 ,he quotes sev]al ( ! ,greek poets :o ridicule ! practice & pret5ce ( sacrificial propitiation1 e4g41 ,m5&]3-- 8! end ( ! lo91 ,! gall1 ! bones uneatable1 !y give ,alone to ,heav53 ! re/ !mselves consume40 8,if1 9 fact10 rem>ks ,clem5t1 8! sav\r is ! special desire ( ! ,gods ( ! ,greeks1 %\ld !y n fir/ deify ! cooks1 & wor%ip ! ,*imney itself :i* is /ill clos] to ! mu*-priz$ sav\r80 8,if10 he ju/ly adds1 8! deity ne$ no?+1 :at ne$ has he ( food8 ,n[1 if n\ri%+ matt]s tak5 9 by ! no/rils are div9] ?an ^? tak5 9 by ! m\?1 yet !y imply respiration4 ,:at !n d !y say ( ,god8 ,does ,he exhale1 l ! oaks1 or does he only inhale1 l ! aquatic animals by ! dilatation ( ! gills1 or does he brea! all ar\nd l ! insects80 ,! only innoc5t alt> he ass]ts to be ! "o all[$ by ,py?agoras3-- 8,! v anci5t alt> 9 ,delos 0 celebrat$ = its purity1 to :i* alone1 z be+ undefil$ by slaught] & dea?1 !y say t ,py?agoras w\ld p]mit approa*4 ,& w !y n believe u :5 we say t ! righte\s s\l is ! truly sacr$ alt>8 ,b ,i believe t sacrifices 7 inv5t$ by m5 to be a pretext = eat+ fle%1 & yet1 )\t su* idolatry1 !y might h p>tak5 ( x40 ,he next glances at ! popul> reason = ! ,py?agorean ab/95ce1 & decl>es3-- 8,if any righte\s man does n burd5 8 s\l by ! eat+ ( fle%1 he has ! advantage ( a rational motive1 n1 z ,py?agoras & 8 foll[]s dream1 ( ! transmigration ( ! s\l4 ,n[ ,x5okrates1 treat+ ( #8,food d]iv$ f ,animals1'#gb & ,polemon 9 8 "w #8,on ,life accord+ to ,nature1'#gb seem cle>ly to affirm t animal food is un:olesome4 ,if x be said t ! l[] animals 7 assign$ to man--& we p>tly admit x--yet x 0 n entirely = food2 nor 7 all animals1 b su* z d n "w4 ,& s ! comic poet1 ,plato1 says n badly 9 ! drama ( ,! ,fea/s3-- #8,= ( ! quadrup$s we %\ld n slay ,9 future aught b sw9e4 ,= !y h fle% ,mo/ delicate3 & ab\t ! sw9e is n\ght ,= u3 except+ bri/les1 dirt1 & noise4' ,"s eat !m z be+ useless1 o!rs z de/ructive ( fruits1 & o!rs d n eat !m because !y are said to h /rong prop5sity to coition4 ,x is alleg$ t ! greate/ am\nt ( fatty sub/ance is produc$ by sw9e's fle%3 x may1 !n1 be appropriate = ^? ^: ambition is = ! body2 x is n s = ^? :o cultivate ! s\l1 by reason ( ! dull+ ( ! faculties result+ f eat+ ( fle%4 ,! ,gno/ic1 p]haps1 too1 w ab/a9 = ! sake ( tra9+1 & t ! body may n gr[ wanton 9 amor\sness4 #8,= w9e1' says ,&okides1 #8& glutton\s fe$s ( fle% make ! body /rong1 b ! s\l m sluggi%4' ,accord+ly su* food1 9 ord] to a cle> und]/&+1 is to be reject$40#gc ,9 a *apt] 9 8 ,miscellanies1 discuss+ ! comp>ative m]its ( ! ,pagan & ( ! ,jewi% code ( e?ics1 he displays mu* eloqu5ce 9 attempt+ to prove ! sup]iority ( ! latt]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 argum5t he is l$ to make "s ackn[l$gm5t ( ! claims ( ! l[] animals :i*1 h[ev] incomplete1 is rem>kable z be+ almo/ unique 9 ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,he quotes c]ta9 ( ! 8,prov]bs10 e4g41 #8,! m]ciful man is long-suff]+1 & 9 e "o :o %[s solicitude !re is wisdom1' & proce$s 7assum+ ! indebt$ness ( ! ,greeks to ! ,jews73-- 8,py?agoras seems to me to h d]iv$ 8 mildness t[>ds irrational animals f ! ,law4 ,= in/ance1 he int]dict$ ! employm5t ( ! "y ( %eep & goats & c[s = "s "t aft] _! bir?2 n ev5 on ! pretext ( sacrifice all[+ x1 on acc\nt bo? ( ! "y ones & ( ! "m2 tra9+ m5 to g5tl5ess by _! conduct t[>ds ^? b5ea? !m4 #8,resign1' he says1 #8! "y "o to ! "m = ! prop] "t4' ,= if no?+ takes place )\t a cause1 & milk is produc$ 9 l>ge quantity 9 p>turition = ! su/5ance ( ! prog5y1 he :o te>s away ! "y "o f ! supply ( ! milk & ! brea/ ( ! "m1 di%on\rs ,nature40 ,rev]t+ to ! ,jewi% religion1 he ass]ts3-- 8,! ,law1 too1 expressly prohibits ! slay+ ( su* animals z are pregnant till !y h br\ght =?1 remotely re/ra9+ ! pron5ess ( m5 to d wrong to m52 & ?us also x has ext5d$ its clem5cy to ! irrational animals1 t by ! ex]cise ( humanity to be+s ( diff]5t races we may practise among/ ^? ( ! same species a l>g] abundance ( x4 ,^? too t kick ! bellies ( c]ta9 animals be=e p>turition1 9 ord] to fea/ on fle% mix$ ) milk1 make ! womb creat$ = ! bir? ( ! ftus its grave1 ?\gh ! ,law expressly comm&s #8b nei!r %alt ?\ see! a lamb 9 8 "m's milk4'#gd ,= ! n\ri%m5t ( ! liv+ animal1 x is meant1 may n be conv]t$ into sauce = t :i* has be5 depriv$ ( life2 & t :i* is ! cause ( life may n co-op]ate 9 ! consumption ( its fle%40#ge ,,ix4 ,,porphyry4 #bcc-cjf 787 ,a4,d4 ,"o ( ! mo/ erudite1 z well z "o ( ! mo/ spiritual1 ( ! lit]ati ( any age or p1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ e/imable ( all ! extant ,greek philosoph]s aft] ! days ( ,plut>*1 0 born ei!r at ,tyre or at "s neighb\r+ t[n4 ,8 orig9al "n1 ,mal*us1 ! ,greek =m ( ! ,syrian ,mele* 7k+71 & ! "n by :i* he is kn[n to u1 ,porphyrius 7purple-rob$71 we may well take des]v$ly to m>k 8 philosophic sup]iority4 ,he 0 exceptionally =tunate 9 8 preceptors--,long9us1 ! mo/ eloqu5t & elegant ( ! lat] ,greek critics1 "u :om he /udi$ at ,a!ns2 ,orig51 ! mo/ indep5d5t & le>n$ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 f :om1 probably1 he d]iv$ 8 va/ k ( !ological lit]ature2 &1 f9ally1 ,plot9us1 ! fam\s f\nd] ( ,new-,platonism1 :o _h e/abli%$ 8 s*ool at ,rome 9 ! ye> #bdd4 ,^u fir/ jo9+ ! s*ool ( ,plot9us1 he _h v5tur$ to conte/ "s ( ! *>act]i/ic doctr9es ( 8 new tea*]1 & he ev5 wrote a book to refute !m4 ,am]ius1 8 fell[-disciple1 0 *os5 to reply to ?is attack4 ,aft] a second trial ( /r5g? by ea* antagoni/1 ,am]ius1 by weight ( argum5t induc$ ,porphyry to confess 8 errors1 & to read 8 recantation be=e ! assembl$ ,platoni/s4 ,porphyry ev] aft] rema9$ an atta*$ & en?usia/ic foll[] ( ! belov$ ma/]1 ) ! f9al revision & edition ( ^: volum9\s works he 0 entru/$4 ,he _h liv$ ) him six ye>s :51 becom+ s f> unsettl$ 9 8 m9d z ev5 to contemplate suicide 9 ord] to free himself f ! %ackles ( ! fle%1 by ! p]suasion ( 8 preceptor he made a voyage to ,sicily = ! re/oration ( 8 heal? & s]5ity ( m9d4 ,?is 0 9 #bgj1 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ye> ( 8 age4 ,return+ to ! capital ^u ! dea? ( 8 ma/]1 he cont9u$ ! amiable b va9 "w ( attempt+ ! re=m ( ! e/abli%$ religion1 :i* _h !n sunk to its l[e/ degradation1 & to ?is lab\r ( love he may be said to h devot$ 8 :ole life4 ,at an advanc$ age he m>ri$ ,m>cella1 ! wid[ ( "o ( 8 fri5ds1 :o 0 a ,*ri/ian & ! "m ( a r num]\s prog5y1 ) ! view1 z he tells u1 ( sup]9t5d+ ! education ( h] *ildr54 ,ab\t sixty sep>ate works ( ,porphyry are enum]at$ by ,fabricius1 publi%$1 unpubli%$1 or lo/2 ! la/ numb]+ "s =ty-?ree di/9ct productions4 ,! mo/ important ( 8 writ+s are-- 7#a7 ,on ,ab/95ce f ! ,fle% ( ,liv+ ,be+s1#gf 9 f\r books1 address$ to a c]ta9 ,firmus ,ca/ricius1 a ,py?agorean1 :o = "s reason or o!r _h become a r5egade to ! pr9ciples1 or at lea/ to ! practice1 ( 8 old fai?4 ,next to ! inculcation ( ab/95ce z a spiritual or moral obligation1 ,porphyry's 8*ief object seems to h be5 to recomm5d a m spiritual wor%ip 9 ! place ( ! sacrificial sy/em ( ! pagan _w1 ) all its false notions & practical abuses4 ,?is "w10 adds ,dr4 ,donaldson1 8is valuable on _m acc\nts1 & full ( in=mation40 7#b7 ,8 criticism on ,*ri/ianity1 :i* he entitl$ a ,treatise aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians--8 mo/ celebrat$ production4 ,x 0 divid$ into fifte5 books4 ,all our k ( x is d]iv$ f ,eusebius1 ,j]ome1 & o!r ecclesia/ical writ]s4 ,sev]al ye>s aft] its appe>ance ! c\rtly ,bi%op ( ,cs>ea1 ! well-kn[n hi/orian ( ! fir/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 repli$ to x 9 a "w ext5d+ to tw5ty-five books4 ,m ?an a c5tury lat]1 ,!odosius ,,ii4 caus$ ! obnoxi\s volume to be publicly burn$1 & ,porphyry's criticism %>$ ! fate ( ^? 8_m elaborate treatises :i* h s9ce be5 committ$ to ! flames0 by ! !ological or political zeal ( or?odox emp]ors & pr9ces4#gg 7#c7 ,! ,life ( ,py?agoras--a fragm5t1 b1 z f> z x goes1 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! ,py?agorean biographies4 7#d7 ,on ! ,life ( ,plot9us & ! ,arrangem5t ( 8 ,works4 ,x is to ?is biography we are indebt$ = our k ( ! e/imable elaborator ( ,new-,platonism4 ,we le>n t he 0 ! pupil ( ,ammonius1 :o disputes ) ,num5ius ! fame ( hav+ orig9at$ ! pr9ciples ( ! new s*ool ( ?\ght ( :i* ,plot9us1 h[ev]1 0 ! ,/4 ,paul--! actual f\nd]4 ,( a naturally feeble con/itution1 he _h e>ly betak5 himself to ! consolations ( div9e philosophy4 ,aft] va9ly seek+ re/ = 8 tru?-lov+ & aspir+ _s 9 o!r sy/ems1 he at la/ f\nd 9 ,ammonius ! tea*] & tea*+ :i* 8 intellectual & spiritual sympa?ies dem&$4 ,8 great ambition 0 to visit ! c\ntry ( ,buddha & ( ,z]du%t or ,zoroa/]1 &1 = t purpose1 he jo9$ ! exp$ition ( ! ,emp]or ,gordian aga9/ ! ,p]sians4 ,! defeat & dea? ( t pr9ce fru/rat$ 8 plans4 ,he !n settl$ at ,rome1 :]e he e/abli%$ 8 s*ool1 & he rema9$ 9 ,italy until 8 dea? 9 #bgj4 ,by ! e>ne/ solicitations ( 8 disciples1 ,porphyry & ,am]ius1 he 0 induc$ ) mu* reluctance to publi% 8 oral disc\rses1 & ev5tually !y appe>$ 9 fifty-f\r books1 edit$ by ,porphyry1 :o gave !m ! "n ( ! ,enneads1 z be+ arrang$ 9 six gr\ps ( n9e treatises4 ,p]haps no tea*] ev] engag$ to s unb\nd$ an ext5t ! admiration & affection ( 8 foll[]s4 8,dur+ ! long p]iod ( 8 resid5ce at ,rome1 ,plot9us enjoy$ an e/imation almo/ approa*+ to a belief 9 8 sup]human wisdom & sanctity4 ,8 ascetic virtue1 & ! my/]i\s transc5d5talism ( 8 conv]sation1 :i* made him ! ,col]idge ( ! day1 seems to h c>ri$ away ! m9ds ( 8 associates1 & rais$ !m to a /ate ( imag9ative exaltation4 ,he 0 reg>d$ z a sort ( prophet1 div9e himself1 & capable ( elevat+ 8 disciples to a p>ticipation 9 8 div9ity4444 ,^! co9cid5ces or collusions 8 alleg$ miracles %[ h[ sacr$ a "* _h atta*$ to ,plot9us4 ,& we see ! same evid5c$ 9 8 social influ5ce4 ,m5 & wom5 ( ! highe/ rank cr[d$ r\nd him1 & 8 h\se 0 fill$ ) "y p]sons ( bo? sexes :om _! p>5ts :5 dy+ _h committ$ to 8 c>e4 ,rogatian1 a s5ator & prtor-elect1 gave up 8 weal? & dignities1 & liv$ z ! humble b$esman ( 8 fri5ds1 devot+ himself to ascetic & contemplative philosophy4 ,8 self-d5ial obta9$ = him ! approbation ( ,plot9us1 :o held him up z a patt]n ( philosophy2 & he ga9$ ! m solid advantage ( a p]fect cure f ! wor/ k9d ( rheumatic g\t4 ,! influ5ce ( ,plot9us ext5d$ to ! imp]ial ?rone itself4 ,! weak-m9d$ ,galli5us1 & 8 ,empress ,salon9a1 7 s completely guid$ by ! philosoph]1 t he _h actually obta9$ p]mission to conv]t a ru9$ ,city ( ,campania into a ,platonopolis1 9 :i* ! laws ( ,plato's ,republic 7 to be te/$ by a practical exp]im5t2 & ! philosoph] _h promis$ to retire ?i!r accompani$ by 8 *ief fri5ds40 ,! 8practical common s5se0 7:i* usually may be int]pret$ to mean cynical indiff]5tism71 ( ! /atesm5 & politicians ( ! day int]pos$ to prev5t ?is attempt at a realisation ( ,plato's great ideal2 &1 consid]+ ! prematurity ( su* ideas 9 ! !n condition ( ! _w--&1 x mu/ be add$1 ! extravagance ( "s ( !m--we c1 p]haps1 h>dly regret t 8 8,republic0 0 nev] in/itut$4 ,z to ! ess5ce & _s ( ! tea*+ ( ,plot9us1 8,he _c be t]m$1 /rictly or exclusively1 a ,neo-,platoni/3 he is equally a ,neo-,ari/otelian & a ,neo-,philosoph] 9 g5]al4 ,he has himself "o p]vad+ idea1 to :i* he is always recurr+1 & to :i* he accommodates1 z f> z he c1 ! reason+s ( all 8 pr$ecessors4 ,x is 8 object to proclaim & exalt ! imman5t div9ity ( man1 & to raise ! s\l to a contemplation ( ! good & ! true1 & to v9dicate its indep5d5ce ( all t is s5su\s1 transitory1 & special4 ,) an en?usiasm bord]+ on fanaticism1 he proclaims 8 philosophical fai? 9 an unse5 _w3 &1 reject+ ) indignation ! humiliat+ attempt to make out t ! spiritual _w is no bett] ?an an ess5ce or elixir dra9$ (f f ! mat]ial--t ?\ghts are #8m]ely ! %ad[s & gho/s ( s5sations1' he tells 8 disciples t ! inw>d eyes ( consci\sness & consci5ce 7 to be purg$ & unseal$ at ! f\nta9 ( heav5ly radiance1 be=e !y c disc]n ! true =m & col\rs & value ( spiritual objects40 ,! p]sonal humility ( ?is sublime tea*]1 we may add1 seems to h equall$ ! l(t9ess ( 8 inspiration4 ,( ! o!r writ+s ( ,porphyry1 space all[s u to ref] only to 8 ,epi/le to ,anebo--a critical refutation ( "s ( ! popul> prejudices ( ,pagan !ology1 su* z ! gross] dmonism1 necromancy1 & incantation1#gh &1 above all1 animal sacrifice1 to :i* 8 ke5 spiritual s5se 0 ess5tially antagoni/ic4 ,x is kn[n only by fragm5ts pres]v$ 9 ,eusebius4 ,z to ! !ological or metaphysical op9ions ( ,porphyry1 8x is cle>10 rem>ks ,dr4 ,donaldson1 8t he _h b little fai? 9 ! old poly!ism ( ! ,greeks4 ,he expressly tells 8 wife 7,lett] to ,m>cella7 t outw>d wor%ip does nei!r good nor h>m40 ,9 tru?1 z reg>ds ! bett] p>ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 he 0 ne>] to ! religion ( ,jesus ?an ( ,jupit]1 al?\gh he f\nd himself 9 opposition to :at he consid]$ ! evils or errors ( dogmatic ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,9 common ) mo/ ( ! pr9cipal exp\nd]s ( ,neo-,platonism1#gi 8 sympa?ies 7 ) mu* t 0 conta9$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ) ! f\r? ,gospel1 ! sublime beg9n+ ( :i*1 we are assur$1 ! disciples ( ,plato reg>d$ z 8an exact transcript ( _! own op9ions10 & :i*1 z ,/4 ,augu/9 in=ms u 7,de ,civ4 ,dei x41 #bi71 !y decl>$ to be wor?y to be writt5 9 lett]s ( gold1 & inscrib$ 9 ! mo/ conspicu\s place 9 e ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,z = ! le>n+1 z well z l(ty ideas1 ( ! au?or ( ! treatise ,on ,ab/95ce1 !re has be5 a g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion ev5 f 8 !ological oppon5ts4 ,augu/91 himself among ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 /yles him doctissimus philosophorum 78! mo/ le>n$ ( ! philosoph]s071 &1 aga91 philosophus nobilis 78a noble philosoph]071 8a man ( no common m9d0 7,de ,civit4 ,dei72 & else:]e he calls him 8! great philosoph] ( ! hea!n40 ,ev5 ,eusebius1 8 imm$iate antagoni/1 conc$es to him ! titles ( 8! noble philosoph]10 8! wond]ful !ologian10 8! great prophet ( ineffable doctr9es0 7 74 ,donaldson1 endors+ ! common admiration ( ! mod]ns1 describes 8 le>n+ & erudition z 8/up5d\s40 ,among/ mod]n te/imonies to ! m]its ( ,porphyry's treatise1 ,on ,ab/95ce1 ! sympa?is+ rem>ks ( ,voltaire are wor? transcrib+3-- 8,x is well kn[n t ,py?agoras embrac$ ?is humane doctr9e ( ab/95ce f fle%-eat+ & c>ri$ x into ,italy4 ,8 disciples foll[$ x ?r\gh a long p]iod ( "t4 ,! celebrat$ philosoph]s1 ,plot9us1 ,iambli*us1 & ,porphyry1 recomm5d$ & practis$ x1 al?\gh x is suffici5tly r>e to practice :at "o prea*es4 ,! "w ( ,porphyry1 writt5 9 ! middle ( our ?ird c5tury1 & v well translat$ into our language by ,m4 de ,burigni1 is mu* e/eem$ by ! le>n$--b he has made no m conv]ts among/ u ?an has ! book ( ! physician ,hecquet4#hj ,x is 9 va9 t ,porphyry alleges ! example ( ! ,buddhi/s & ,p]sian ,magi ( ! fir/ class1 :o held 9 abhorr5ce ! practice ( engulf+ ! entrails ( o!r be+s 9 _! own--he is foll[$ at pres5t only by ! ,fa!rs ( ,la ,trappe4#ha ,! treatise ( ,porphyry is address$ to "o ( 8 old disciples1 nam$ ,firmus1 :o became a ,*ri/ian1 x is said1 to recov] 8 lib]ty to eat fle% & dr9k w9e4 8,he remon/rates ) ,firmus1 t 9 ab/a9+ f fle% & f /rong liquors ! heal? ( ! s\l & ( ! body is pres]v$2 t "o lives long] & ) m innoc5ce4 ,all 8 reflections are ^? ( a scrupul\s !ologian1 ( a rigid philosoph]1 & ( a g5tle & s5sitive _s4 ,"o might believe1 9 read+ him1 t ?is great enemy ( ! ,*ur* is a ,fa!r ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he does n speak ( ! ,metempsy*osis1 b he reg>ds o!r animals z our bro!rs--because !y are end[$ ) life z we1 because !y h ! same pr9ciples ( life1 ! same feel+s1 ideas1 memory1 indu/ry1 z we4 ,spee* alone is want+ to !m4 ,if !y _h x1 %\ld we d>e to kill & eat !m8 ,%\ld we d>e to commit ^? fratricides8 ,:at b>b>ian is !re :o w\ld cause a lamb to be slaught]$ & roa/$1 if t lamb conjur$ him1 by an affect+ appeal1 n to be at once assass9 & cannibal8 8,?is book1 at lea/1 proves t !re 71 among ! #8,g5tiles1' philosoph]s ( ! /ricte/ & pure/ virtue4 ,yet !y c\ld n prevail aga9/ ! but*]s & ! g\rm&s4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ,porphyry makes a v beautiful eulogy on ! ,ess5ians4 ,at t "t ! rival%ip 0 :o c\ld be ! mo/ virtu\s--,ess5ians1 ,py?agoreans1 ,/oics1 ,*ri/ians4 ,:5 *ur*es =m b a small flock _! mann]s are pure2 !y deg5]ate z soon z !y get p[]ful40#hb ,( ?is fam\s treatise !re is1 x appe>s1 only "o ,engli% translation1 t ( ,taylor 7#ahea71 long out ( pr9t2 & !re is a ,g]man v]sion by ,h]r ,ed4 ,baltz]1 ,presid5t ( ! ,veget>ian ,society ( ,g]many2 ?us we h to lam5t = ,porphyry1 no less ?an = ,plut>*1 ! indiff]5tism ( ! publi%]s1 or r ( ! public1 :i* all[s a production1 ( an inspiration f> above t ( ! common h]d ( writ]s1 to cont9ue to be a seal$ book = ! community 9 g5]al4 ,x has be5 already /at$ t x consi/s ( f\r ,divisions4 ,! fir/ treats ( ,ab/95ce f ! po9t ( view ( ,temp]ance & ,reason4 ,9 ! second is consid]$ ! lawfulness or o!rwise ( animal sacrifice4 ,9 ! ?ird ,porphyry treats ! subject f ! side ( ,ju/ice4 ,9 ! f\r? he reviews ! practice ( "s ( ! nations ( antiquity & ( ! ,ea/--( ! ,egyptians1 ,h9dus1 & o!rs4 ,?is la/ ,book1 by its abrupt t]m9ation1 is evid5tly unf9i%$4 ,porphyry beg9s ) an expression ( surprise & regret at ! apo/asy ( ! ,py?agorean r5egade3-- 8,= :5 ,i reflect ) myself ^u ! cause ( y\r *ange ( m9d s he addresses 8 =m] associate1 ,i _c believe1 z ! vulg> h]d w suppose1 t x has any?+ to d ) reasons ( heal? or /r5g?1 inasmu* z y y\rself 7 us$ to ass]t t ! fle%less diet is m consonant to heal?fulness & to an ev5 & proportionate endurance ( philosophic toils 7 71 & exp]i5ce fully prov$ ! tru? ( y\r conviction4 ,:e!r !n x 0 ?r\gh "s o!r fallacy or delusion1 or ?r\gh a lat] notion t ?is or t diet makes no diff]5ce to ! intellectual p[]s1 or :e!r x 0 f ! fe> ( incurr+ odium by opposition to or?odox cu/oms1 or :at ! reason may h be51 ,i am unable to conjecture40 ,he expresses 8 hope1 or r 8 belief1 t1 at lea/1 ! lapse 0 n due 9 ?is case to natural intemp]ance1 or regret = ! glutton\s habits 77 ( fle%-eat+4 ,he !n proce$s to quote & refute ! fallacies ( ! ord9>y sy/ems & sects1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ! objections ( "o ,clodius1 a ,neapolitan1 :o _h publi%$ a treatise aga9/ ,py?agoreanism4 ,he pr(esses t he does n hope to influ5ce ^? :o are engag$ 9 sordid & selfi%1 or 9 sangu9>y1 pursuits4 ,r he addresses himself to ! man 8,:o consid]s :at he is1 :5ce he came1 & :i!r he ought to t5d2 & :o1 9 :at p]ta9s to ! n\ri%m5t ( ! body & o!r necess>y conc]ns1 is ( really ?\ghtful & e>ne/ m9d--:o resolves t he %all n be l$ a/ray & gov]n$ by 8 passions4 ,& let su* a man tell me :e!r a ri* fle% diet is m easily procur$1 or incites less to ! indulg5ce ( irregul> passions & appetites1 ?an a light vegetable diet>y4 ,b if nei!r he1 nor a physician1 nor1 inde$1 any reasonable man :osoev]1 d>es to affirm ?is1 :y d we p]si/ 9 oppress+ ourselves ) gross fe$+8 ,& :y d we n1 toge!r ) t luxuri\s indulg5ce1 ?r[ (f ! encumbrances & sn>es :i* att5d x8 8,x is n f ^? :o h liv$ on innoc5t foods t murd]]s1 tyrants1 robb]s1 & sycophants h come1 b f eat]s ( fle%4 ,! necess>ies ( life are few & easily procur$1 )\t violation ( ju/ice1 lib]ty1 or peace ( m9d2 :]eas luxury obliges ^? ord9>y s\ls :o take delight 9 x to covet ri*es1 to give up _! lib]ty1 to sell ju/ice1 to missp5d _! "t1 to ru9 _! heal?1 & to r5\nce ! satisfaction ( an upright consci5ce40 ,9 condemn+ animal sacrifice1 he decl>es t 8x is by means ( an exalt$ & purifi$ intellect alone t we c approximate to ! ,supreme ,be+1 to :om no?+ mat]ial %\ld be (f]$40 ,he di/+ui%es f\r degrees ( virtue1 ! l[e/ be+ t ( ! man :o attempts to mod]ate 8 passions2 ! highe/1 ! life ( pure reason1 by :i* man becomes "o ) ! ,supreme ,exi/5ce4 ,9 ! ?ird book1 ma9ta9+ t o!r animals are end[$ ) high degrees ( reason+ & ( m5tal faculties1 &1 9 "s measure1 ev5 ) moral p]ception1 ,porphyry proce$s logically to insi/ t !y are1 !re=e1 ! prop] objects ( ,ju/ice3-- 8,by ^! argum5ts1 & o!rs :i* ,i %all aft]w>ds adduce 9 record+ ! op9ions ( ! old peoples1 x is demon/rat$ t _m species ( ! l[] animals are rational4 ,9 v _m1 reason is imp]fect inde$--( :i*1 nev]!less1 !y are by no means de/itute4 ,s9ce !n ju/ice is due to rational be+s1 z our oppon5ts all[1 h[ is x possible to evade ! admission also t we are b\nd to act ju/ly t[>ds ! races ( be+s bel[ u8 ,we d n ext5d ! obligations ( ju/ice to plants1 because !re appe>s 9 !m no indication ( reason2 al?\gh1 ev5 9 ! case ( ^!1 :ile we eat ! fruits we d n1 ) ! fruits1 cut away ! trunks4 ,we use corn & legum9\s vegetables :5 !y h fall5 on ! e>? & are dead4 ,b no "o uses = food ! fle% ( dead animals1 unless !y h be5 kill$ by viol5ce1 s t !re is 9 ^! ?+s a radical inju/ice4 ,z ,plut>* says1 x does n foll[1 because we are 9 ne$ ( _m ?+s1 t we %\ld !re=e act unju/ly t[>ds all be+s4 ,inanimate ?+s we are all[$ to injure to a c]ta9 ext5t1 to procure ! necess>y means ( exi/5ce--if to take any?+ f plants :ile !y are gr[+ c be said to be an injury--b to de/roy liv+ & consci\s be+s m]ely = luxury & pleasure is truly b>b>\s & unju/4 ,& to refra9 f kill+ !m nei!r dim9i%es our su/5ance nor h9d]s our liv+ happily4 ,if inde$ ! de/ruction ( o!r animals & ! eat+ ( fle% 7 z requisite z air & wat]1 plants & fruits1 !n !re c\ld be no inju/ice1 z !y w\ld be necess>y to our nature40 ,porphyry1 x is sc>cely necess>y to rem>k1 by ^! argum5ts proves himself to h be51 9 moral z well z m5tal p]ception1 z f> ahead ( ! av]age ?9k]s ( ! pres5t day z he 0 ( 8 own times4 ,he ju/ly ma9ta9s t 8,s5sation & p]ception are ! pr9ciple ( ! k9%ip ( all liv+ be+s4 ,& he rem9ds 8 oppon5ts ,z5o & 8 foll[]s ! ,/oics admit t alliance or k9%ip 77#hc is ! f\ndation ( ju/ice4 ,n[1 to ! l[] animals p]ta9 p]ception & ! s5sations ( pa9 & fe> & injury4 ,is x n absurd1 !n1 :]eas we see t _m ( our own species live by brute s5se alone1 & exhibit nei!r reason nor intellect1 & t v _m ( !m surpass ! mo/ t]rible wild bea/s 9 cruelty1 rage1 rap9e2 t !y murd] ev5 _! own relatives2 t !y are tyrants & ! tools ( tyrants--see+ all ?is1 is x n absurd1 ,i say1 to hold t we are oblig$ by nature to act l5i5tly t[>ds !m1 :ile no k9dness is due f u to ! ,ox t pl\ghs1 ! ,dog t is br\ght up ) u1 & ^? :o n\ri% u ) _! milk & cov] our bodies ) _! wool8 ,is n su* a prejudice mo/ irrational & absurd80 ,to ! objection ( ,*rysippus 7! second f\nd] ( ! s*ool ( ! ,por*7 t ! gods made u = !mselves & = ! sake ( ea* o!r1 & t !y made ! non-human species = u--a conv5i5t subt]fuge by no means unkn[n to writ]s & talk]s ( our own times--,porphyry unansw]ably replies3-- 8,let him to :om ?is sophism may appe> to h weight or probability1 consid] h[ he w\ld meet ! dictum ( ,k>neades#hd t #8ev]y?+ 9 nature is b5efit$1 :5 x obta9s ! ends to :i* x is adapt$ & = :i* x 0 g5]at$4' ,n[1 b5efit is to be und]/ood 9 a m g5]al way z mean+ :at ! ,/oics call useful4 #8,! hog1 h[ev]1' says ,*rysippus1 #80 produc$ by nature = ! purpose ( be+ slaught]$ & us$ = food1 & :5 x und]goes ?is1 x obta9s ! end = :i* x is adapt$1 & x is !re=e b5efit$6' ,b if ,god br\ght o!r animals into exi/5ce = ! use ( m51 :at use d we make ( flies1 beetles1 lice1 vip]s1 & scorpions8 ,"s ( ^! are hateful to ! sight1 defile ! t\*1 are intol]able to ! smell1 :ile o!rs are actually de/ructive to human be+s :o fall 9 _! way4#he ,) respect to ! cetacea1 9 p>ticul>1 :i* ,hom] tells u live by myriads 9 ! seas1 does n ! ,demiurgus#hf tea* u t !y h come into be+ = ! good ( ?+s 9 g5]al8 ,& unless !y affirm t all ?+s 7 inde$ made = u & on our sole acc\nt1 h[ c !y escape ! imputation ( wrong-do+ 9 treat+ injuri\sly be+s t came into exi/5ce accord+ to ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ,nature8 8,i omit to insi/ on ! fact t1 if we dep5d on ! argum5t ( necessity or utility1 we _c avoid admitt+ by implication t we ourselves 7 creat$ only = ! sake ( c]ta9 de/ructive animals1 su* z crocodiles & snakes & o!r mon/]s1 = we are n 9 ! lea/ b5efit$ by !m4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y seize & de/roy & dev\r m5 :om !y meet--9 s do+ act+ n at all m cruelly ?an we4 ,nay1 !y act ?us savagely ?r\gh want & hung]2 we f insol5t wantonness & luxuri\s pleasure#hg1 amus+ ourselves z we d also 9 ! ,circus & 9 ! murd]\s sports ( ! *ase4 ,by ?us act+1 a b>b>\s & brutal nature becomes /r5g!n$ 9 u1 :i* r5d]s m5 ins5sible to ! feel+ ( pity & compassion4 ,^? :o fir/ p]petrat$ ^! iniquities fatally blunt$ ! mo/ important "p ( ! civilis$ m9d4 ,!re=e x is t ,py?agoreans consid] k9dness & g5tl5ess to ! l[] animals to be an ex]cise ( philan?ropy & g5tl5ess40 ,porphyry unansw]ably & eloqu5tly concludes ?is division ( 8 subject ) ! =tiori argum5t3-- 8,by admitt+ t selfi% pleasure is ! legitimate end ( our action1 ju/ice is evid5tly de/roy$4 ,= to :om mu/ x n be cle> t ! feel+ ( ju/ice is fo/]$ by ab/95ce8 ,he :o ab/a9s f injur+ o!r species w be s mu* ! m c>eful n to injure 8 own k9d4 ,= he :o loves all animat$ ,nature w n hate any "o tribe ( innoc5t be+s1 & by h[ mu* great] 8 love = ! :ole1 by s mu* ! m w he cultivate ju/ice t[>ds a "p ( !m1 & to t "p to :i* he is mo/ alli$40 ,9 f9e1 accord+ to ,porphyry1 he :o ext5ds 8 sympa?ies to all innoc5t life is ne>e/ to ! ,div9e nature4 ,well w\ld x h be5 = all ! aft]-ages _h ?is1 ! only sure f\ndation ( any code ( e?ics wor?y ( ! "n1 f\nd fav\r ) ! con/itut$ in/ructors & rul]s ( ! we/]n _w4 ,! f\r? & f9al ,book reviews ! dietetic habits ( "s ( ! lead+ peoples ( antiquity1 & ( c]ta9 ( ! philosophic societies :i* practis$ ab/95ce m or less rigidly4 ,z = ! ,ess5es1 ,porphyry describes _! code ( morals & mann] ( liv+ 9 t]ms ( high praise4 ,we c "h give only an ab/ract ( 8 eloqu5t eulogium3-- 8,!y are despis]s ( m]e ri*es1 & ! communi/ic pr9ciple ) !m is admirably c>ri$ out4 ,nor is x possible to f9d among/ !m a s+le p]son di/+ui%$ by ! possession ( weal?1 = all :o ent] ! society are oblig$ by _! laws to divide prop]ty = ! common good4 ,!re is nei!r ! humiliation ( pov]ty nor ! arrogance ( weal?4 ,_! manag]s or gu>dians are elect$ by vote1 & ea* ( !m is *os5 ) a view to ! welf>e & ne$s ( all4 ,!y h no city or t[n1 b dwell toge!r 9 sep>ate communities4444 ,!y d n disc>d _! dress = a new "o1 be=e ! fir/ is really worn out by l5g? ( "t4 ,!re is no buy+ & sell+ among/ !m4 ,ea* gives to ea* accord+ to 8 or h] wants1 & !re is a free int]*ange betwe5 !m4444 ,!y come to _! d9+-hall z to "s pure & undefil$ temple1 & :5 !y h tak5 _! seats quietly1 ! bak] sets _! loaves be=e !m 9 ord]1 & ! cook gives !m "o di% ea* ( "o sort1 :ile _! prie/ fir/ recites a =m ( ?anksgiv+ = _! pure & ref9$ food 7 740 ,! te/imony ( ! national hi/orian ( ! ,jews1 x is int]e/+ to obs]ve1 is equally fav\rable to ^? pione]s ( ! mod]n communisms4 8,! ,ess5es1 z we call a sect ( ours10 writes ,josephus1 8pursue ! same k9d ( life z ^? :om ! ,greeks call ,py?agoreans4 ,!y are long-liv$ also1 insomu* t _m ( !m exi/ above a hundr$ ye>s by means ( _! simplicity ( diet & ! regul> c\rse ( _! lives0 7,antiquities ( ! ,jews474 ,^u ent]+ ! society & p>tak+ ( ! common meal 7:i*1 ) baptism1 0 ! outw>d & visible sign ( initiation7 ?ree solemn oa?s 7 adm9i/]$ to ea* aspirant3-- 8,fir/1 t he w\ld rev]5ce ! div9e ideal 7 72 second1 t he w\ld c>efully practise ju/ice t[>ds 8 fell[-be+s & refra9 f injury1 :e!r by 8 own or ano!r's w2 t he w\ld always hate ! ,unju/ & fight e>ne/ly on ! side ( 77 ! ,j & lov]s ( ju/ice2 keep fai? ) all m52 if 9 p[]1 nev] use au?ority insol5tly or viol5tly2 nor surpass 8 subord9ates 9 dress & ornam5ts2 above all ?+s always to love ,tru?40 ,z = _! food1 :ile !y seem n to h be5 b\nd to total ab/95ce f e k9d ( fle%1 !y may be consid]$ to h be5 almo/ ,veget>ian 9 practice4 ,to kill any innoc5t individual ( ! non-human species t _h s\ght refuge or an asylum among/ !m 0 a brea* ( ! mo/ sacr$ laws3 to sp>e ! dome/icat$ races1 or fell[-work]s ) man1 ev5 9 an enemy's c\ntry1 0 a solemn duty4 ,=1 says ,porphyry1 _! f\nd] _h no gr\ndless fe> t !re c\ld be any ov]abundance ( life productive ( fam9e to ourselves1 inasmu* z he knew1 fir/1 t ^? animals :o br+ =? _m "y at a "t are %ort liv$1 &1 secondly1 t _! too rapid increase is kept d[n by o!r ho/ile animals4 8,a pro( ( :i* is10 he cont9ues1 8t ?\gh we ab/a9 f eat+ v _m1 su* z dogs1 wild bea/s1 rats1 liz>ds1 & o!rs1 !re is yet no fe> t we %\ld ev] suff] f fam9e 9 consequ5ce ( _! excessive multiplication2 &1 aga91 x is "o ?+ to h to kill1 & ano!r to eat1 s9ce we h to kill _m f]oci\s animals :om we d n also eat40 ,he quotes ! hi/orians ( ,syria :o allege t1 9 ! e>li] p]iod1 ! inhabitants ( t "p ( ! _w ab/a9$ f all fle%1 &1 !re=e1 f sacrifice2 & t :51 aft]w>ds1 to av]t "s imp5d+ mis=tune !y 7 induc$ to (f] up propitiatory victims1 ! practice ( fle%-eat+ 0 by no means g5]al4 ,& ,asklepiades says1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,cyprus & ,phnicia1 t 8no liv+ be+ 0 sacrific$ to heav51 nor 0 !re ev5 any express law on ! subject1 s9ce x 0 =bidd5 by ! law ( ,nature 7 730 t1 9 c\rse ( "t1 !y took to occasional propitiatory sacrifice3 & t1 at "o ( ^! times1 ! sacrific+ prie/ happ5$ to place 8 blood-sme>$ f+] on 8 m\?1 0 tempt$ to repeat ! action1 & ?us introduc$ ! habit ( fle%-eat+1 :5ce ! g5]al practice4 ,z = ! ,p]sian ,magi 7! successors ( ,z]du%t71 we are in=m$ t ! pr9cipal & mo/ e/eem$ ( _! ord] nei!r eat nor kill any liv+ be+1 :ile ^? ( ! second class eat ! fle% ( "s1 b n ( dome/icat$1 animals2 nor d ev5 ! ?ird ord] eat indiscrim9ately4 ,in/ances are adduc$ ( c]ta9 peoples :o1 be+ compell$ by necessity to live ^u fle%1 h evid5tly det]iorat$ & be5 r5d]$ savage & f]oci\s1 8f :i* examples x is cle>ly unbecom+ m5 ( good disposition to belie _! human nature 7 740 ,among/ individuals he in/ances ! example ( ! tradition>y ,a!nian legislator ,triptolemus-- 8,( :om ,h]mippus1 9 8 second book on ! legislators1 writes3 ,( 8 laws1 accord+ to ,x5okrates ! philosoph]1 ! ?ree foll[+ rema9 9 =ce at ,eleusis--#8to gratify ,heav5 ) ! (f]+ ( fruits1' #8to h>ass or h>m no innoc5t liv+ be+4' 444 ,z to ! ?ird1 he is 9 d\bt = :at p>ticul> reason ,triptolemus *>g$ !m to ab/a9--:e!r f believ+ x to be crim9al to kill ^? t h an id5tical orig9 ) ourselves 771 or f a consci\sness t ! slaught] ( all ! mo/ useful animals w\ld be ! inevitable consequ5ce ( addiction to x1 & wi%+ to r5d] human life mild & innoc5t1 & to pres]ve ^? species t are tame & g5tle & dome/icat$ ) man40#hh 99 99 99 99 99 ,some:at lat] ?an ,porphyry1 ! "n ( ,julian 7#cca-cfc71 ! ,roman emp]or1 may "h be fitly introduc$4 ,dur+ 8 brief reign ( sixte5 mon?s he prov$ himself1 if n always a judici\s1 yet a s9c]e & e>ne/ re=m] ( abuses ( v>i\s k9ds1 & he may claim to be "o ( ! v few virtu\s pr9ces1 pagan or *ri/ian4 ,un=tunately ! j blame atta*+ to 8 ill-judg$ attempt to suppress ! religion ( ,con/ant9e1 f ^: family 8 relatives & himself _h suff]$ ! greate/ injury & insult1 has enabl$ ! lov]s ( p>ty r ?an ( tru? successfully to conceal f view 8 und\bt$ m]its4 ,9 8 mann] ( liv+1 ) :i* alone we are n[ conc]n$1 he seems to h almo/ rivall$ ! mo/ ascetic ( ! ,platoni/s or ( ! ,*ri/ian an*orets4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds1 ! celebrat$ orator1 ,libanius1 :o _h (t5 %>$ ! frugal simplicity ( 8 table1 has rem>k$ t 8 8light & sp>+ diet1 :i* 0 usually ( ! vegetable k9d1 left 8 m9d & body always free & active = ! v>i\s & important bus9ess ( an au?or1 a pontiff1 a magi/rate1 a g5]al1 & a pr9ce40 ,t 8 frugal diet _h n impair$ 8 p[]s1 ei!r physical or m5tal1 may suffici5tly appe> f ! fact t-- 8,9 "o & ! same day he gave audi5ce to sev]al ambassadors1 & wrote or dictat$ a great numb] ( lett]s to 8 g5]als1 8 civil magi/rates1 8 private fri5ds1 & ! diff]5t cities ( 8 dom9ions4 ,he li/5$ to ! memorials :i* _h be5 receiv$1 consid]$ ! subject ( ! petitions1 & signifi$ 8 int5tions m rapidly ?an !y c\ld be tak5 9 %or?& by ! dilig5ce ( 8 secret>ies4 ,he possess$ su* flexibility ( ?\ght1 & su* firmness ( att5tion1 t he c\ld employ 8 h& to write1 8 e> to li/51 & 8 voice to dictate1 & pursue at once ?ree sev]al tra9s ( ideas )\t hesitation & )\t error4 ,:ile 8 m9i/]s repos$1 ! pr9ce flew ) agility f "o lab\r to ano!r1 &1 aft] a ha/y d9n]1 retir$ into 8 libr>y till ! public bus9ess1 :i* he _h appo9t$ = ! ev5+1 summon$ him to int]rupt ! prosecution ( 8 /udies4 ,! supp] ( ! emp]or 0 /ill less sub/antial ?an ! =m] meal2 8 sleep 0 nev] cl\d$ by ! fumes ( indige/ion4444 ,he 0 soon awak5$ by ! entrance ( fre% secret>ies :o _h slept ! prec$+ day1 & 8 s]vants 7 oblig$ to wait alt]nately1 :ile _! indefatigable ma/] all[$ himself sc>cely any o!r refre%m5t ?an ! *ange ( occupation4 ,! pr$ecessors ( ,julian1 8 uncle1 8 bro!r1 & 8 c\s91 indulg$ _! pu]ile ta/e = ! games ( ! circus "u ! speci\s pret5ce ( comply+ ) ! incl9ation ( ! p1 & !y frequ5tly rema9$ ! great] "p ( ! day z idle spectators4444 ,on solemn fe/ivals ,julian1 :o felt & pr(ess$ an unfa%ionable dislike to ^! frivol\s amusem5ts1 condesc5d$ to appe> 9 ! ,circus1 &1 aft] be/[+ a c>eless glance on five or six ( ! races1 he ha/ily )drew ) ! impati5ce ( a philosoph] :o consid]$ e mom5t z lo/ t 0 n devot$ to ! advantage ( ! public1 or ! improvem5t ( 8 own m9d4 ,by ?is av>ice ( "t he seem$ to protract ! %ort duration ( 8 reign1 &1 if ! dates 7 less securely asc]ta9$1 we %\ld refuse to believe t only sixte5 mon?s elaps$ betwe5 ! dea? ( ,con/antius & ! dep>ture ( 8 successor = ! ,p]sian w> 9 :i* he p]i%$40#hi ,foll[+ ! pr9ciples ( ,platonism1 8he ju/ly conclud$ t ! man :o presumes to reign %\ld aspire to ! p]fection ( ! div9e nature--t he %\ld purify 8 s\l f h] mortal & t]re/rial "p--t he %\ld ext+ui% 8 appetites1 enlight5 8 und]/&+1 regulate 8 passions1 & subdue ! wild bea/ :i*1 accord+ to ! lively metaphor ( ,ari/otle1 seldom fails to asc5d ! ?rone ( a despot40 ,) all ^! virtues1 un=tunately = 8 cr$it z a philosoph] & humanit>ian1 ! imp]ial ,/oic all[$ 8 natural goodness ( he>t to be corrupt$ by sup]/ition & fanaticism4 ,conceiv+ himself to be ! special & *os5 in/rum5t ( ! ,deity = ! re/oration ( ! fall5 religion1 :i* he reg>d$ z ! true fai?1 he made x ! =emo/ object ( 8 pi\s b misdirect$ ambition to re-e/abli% its sumptu\s temples1 prie/hoods1 & sacrificial alt>s ) all _! impos+ ritual1 & 8he 0 he>d to decl>e1 ) ! en?usiasm ( a mission>y1 t if he c\ld r5d] ea* individual ri*] ?an ,midas & e city great] ?an ,babylon1 he %\ld n e/eem himself ! b5efactor ( mank9d1 unless at ! same "t he c\ld reclaim 8 subjects f _! impi\s revolt aga9/ ! immortal gods40#ij ,inspir$ by ?is religi\s zeal1 he =got ! maxims ( 8 ma/]1 ,plato1 s f> z to rival1 if n surpass1 ! anci5t ,jewi% or ,pagan ritual 9 ! numb] ( ! sacrificial victims (f]$ up 9 ! "n ( religion & ( ! ,deity4 ,happily = ! future ( ! _w1 ! fanatical piety ( ?is y\?ful *ampion ( ! religion ( ,hom] prov$ ineffectual to turn back ! sl[ onw>d m>* ( ! ,we/]n m9d1 ?r\gh fe>ful mazes ( evil & error inde$1 t[>ds t 8div9] day0 :i* is yet to dawn = ! ,e>?4 ,x4 ,,*ryso/om4 #cdg-djg ,a4,d4 ,! mo/ eloqu5t1 & "o ( ! mo/ e/imable1 ( ! 8,fa!rs0 0 born at ,antio*1 ! ,*ri/ian city p> excell5ce4 ,8 family held a di/+ui%$ position1 & 8 fa!r 0 9 high comm& 9 ! ,syrian division ( ! imp]ial army4 ,he /udi$ = ! law1 & 0 in/ruct$ 9 oratory by ! fam\s rhetorician ,libanius 7! intimate fri5d & c\nsellor ( ! "y ,emp]or ,julian71 :o pron\nc$ 8 pupil wor?y to succe$ to 8 *air1 if he _h n adopt$ ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,he soon gave up ! law = !ology1 & retir$ to a mona/]y1 ne> ,antio*1 :]e he pass$ f\r ye>s1 rigidly ab/a9+ f fle%-meat &1 l ! ,ess5es1 ab&on+ ! rights ( private prop]ty & liv+ a life ( ! /ricte/ asceticism4 ,hav+ submitt$ himself 9 solitude to ! sev]e/ au/]ities dur+ a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 he ent]$ ! ,*ur*1 & soon ga9$ ! highe/ reputation = 8 extraord9>y eloqu5ce & zeal4 ,on ! dea? ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 he 0 unanim\sly elect$ to fill ! vacant ,primacy4 ,! nolo me episcop>i seems1 9 8 case1 to h be5 no unmean+ =mula4 ,8 b5efic5ce & *>ity 9 ! new position attract$ g5]al admiration4 ,f ! rev5ues ( 8 ,see he f\nd$ a hospital = ! sick--"o ( ! v fir/ ( ^? r mod]n in/itutions4 ,! fame ( ! 8,gold5-m\!d0 drew to 8 ca!dral imm5se cr[ds ( p1 :o be=e _h frequ5t$ ! !atre & ! circus r ?an ! *ur*es1 & ! build+ con/antly res\nd$ ) _! en?usia/ic plaudits4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 no m]e popul> prea*]2 he fe>lessly expos$ ! corrupt & selfi% life ( ! l>ge body ( ! cl]gy4 ,at "o "t he depos$1 x is said1 no less ?an ?irte5 bi%ops1 9 ,less] ,asia1 f _! ,sees2 & 9 "o ( 8 ,homilies he does n hesitate to *>ge 8! :ole ecclesia/ical body ) av>ice & lic5ti\sness1 ass]t+ t ! numb] ( bi%ops :o c\ld be sav$ bore a v small proportion to ^? :o w\ld be damn$40#ia ,at l5g?1 8 repeat$ d5unciations ( ! too notori\s sc&als ( ! ,c\rt & ! ,*ur* excit$ ! bitt] enmity ( 8 bro!r-prelates1 &1 by _! intrigues at ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt ( ,con/ant9ople1 he 0 depos$ f 8 ,see & exil$ to ! wilde/ p>ts ( ! ,eux9e coa/s1 :]e1 expos$ to e sort ( privation1 he caught a viol5t fev] & di$4 ,s f> did ! ho/ility ( ! ,episcopacy ext5d1 t "o ( 8 rivals1 a bi%op1 nam$ ,!ophilus1 9 a book expressly writt5 aga9/ him1 among/ o!r vitup]ative epi!ts _h proce$$ to ! l5g? ( /yl+ him 8a fil?y demon10 & ( solemnly consign+ 8 s\l to ,satan4 ,) ! poor1 h[ev]1 ,*ryso/om enjoy$ unb\nd$ popul>ity & e/eem4 ,8 greate/ fault 0 8 !ological intol]ance--a fault1 x is j to add1 ( ! age r ?an ( ! man4 ,! writ+s ( ,*ryso/om are exce$+ly volum9\s--#gjj homilies1 orations1 doctr9al treatises1 & #bdb epi/les4 ,_! 8*ief value consi/s 9 ! illu/rations !y furni% ( ! mann]s ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies--( ! moral & social /ate ( ! p]iod4 ,! circus1 spectacles1 !atres1 ba?s1 h\ses1 dome/ic economy1 banquets1 dresses1 fa%ions1 pictures1 processions1 tight-rope danc+1 fun]als--9 f9e1 ev]y?+ has a place 9 ! picture ( lic5ti\s luxury :i* x is ! object ( ,*ryso/om to d5\nce40 ,next to 8 pr(ession ( fai? 9 ! efficacy & virtues ( a non-fle% diet1 among/ ! mo/ int]e/+ ( 8 productions is 8 ,gold5 ,book on ! education ( ! "y4 ,he recomm5ds t *ildr5 %\ld be inur$ to habits ( temp]ance1 by ab/a9+1 at lea/1 twice a week f ! ord9>y gross] food ) :i* !y are suppli$4 ,z might be expect$ f ! age1 & f 8 ord]1 ! practice ( ,*ryso/om1 & ( ! num]\s o!r ecclesia/ical ab/95ts f ! gross diet ( ! ri*] "p ( ! community1 repos$ ^u ascetic & tradition>y pr9ciples1 r ?an on ! m secul> & mod]n motives ( ju/ice1 humanity1 & g5]al social improvem5t4 ,s1 9 fact1 ,orig51 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,fa!rs1 expressly says 7,contra ,celsum1 v473 8,we ! ,*ri/ian lead]s practise ab/95ce f ! fle% ( animals to buffet our bodies & treat !m z slaves 7 71 & we wi% to mortify our memb]s ^u e>?10 c4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,apo/olical ,canons di/+ui%$1 z ,b+ham 7,antiquities ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*7 reports !m1 betwe5 ab/95ts1 & 1 i4e41 betwe5 ^? :o ab/a9$ to ex]cise self-control1 & ^? :o did s f disgu/ & abhorr5ce ( :at1 9 ord9>y & or?odox language1 are too complac5tly & confid5tly t]m$ 8! good creatures ( ,god40 ,?is di/9ction1 x mu/ be add$1 holds only ( ! prevail+ s5tim5t ( ! ,or?odox ,*ur* z f9ally e/abli%$4 ,dur+ sev]al c5turies--ev5 s late z ! ,paulicians 9 ! sev5?1 or ev5 z ! ,albigeois ( ! ?irte5?1 c5tury--,mani*eism1 z x is call$1 or a belief 9 ! inh]5t evil ( all matt]1 0 widely spread 9 l>ge & influ5tial sections ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*--nor1 inde$1 7 "s ( its mo/ fam\s ,fa!rs )\t suspicion ( ?is h]etical ta9t4 ,accord+ to ! ,clem5t9e ,homilies1 8! unnatural eat+ ( fle%-meat is ( demoniacal orig91 & 0 introduc$ by ^? giants :o1 f _! ba/>d nature1 took no pleasure 9 pure n\ri%m5t1 & only lu/$ aft] blood4 ,!re=e ! eat+ ( fle% is z pollut+ z ! hea!n wor%ip ( demons1 ) its sacrifices & its impure fea/s2 ?r\gh p>ticipation 9 :i*1 a man becomes a fell[-dieti/ 77 ) demons40#ib ,t sup]/ition 0 (t51 9 ! m9ds ( ! foll[]s bo? ( ,plato & ( ,/4 ,paul1 mix$ up )1 &1 inde$1 usually dom9at$ ov]1 ! reasonable motives ( ! m philosophic advocates ( ! high] life1 !re c be no sort ( d\bt2 nor c we claim a monopoly ( rational motives = ! mass ( ! adh]5ts ( ei!r ,*ri/ian or ,py?agorean ab/95ce4 ,yet an imp>tial judgm5t mu/ all[ almo/ equal cr$it to ! e>ne/ness ( m9d & purity ( motive :i*1 m+l$ ?\gh !y und\bt$ly 7 ) 79 ! pre-sci5tific ages7 a necess>y infusion ( sup]/ition1 urg$ ! foll[]s ( ! bett] way--,*ri/ian & non-,*ri/ian--to disc>d ! 8social lies0 ( ! dead _w ar\nd !m4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is n = ! selfi% egoi/s to sne] at ! sublime--if error-infect$--ef=ts ( ! e>li] pione]s ( moral progress = _! own & ! _w's r$emption f ! bonds ( ! prevail+ vile mat]ialism 9 life & diet>y habits4 ,we h already %[n t ! e>lie/ ,jewi%-,*ri/ian communities1 bo? 9 ,pale/9e & else:]e--! imm$iate disciples ( ! orig9al ,twelve--enjo9$ ab/95ce z "o ( ! prim>y obligations ( ! ,new ,fai?2 & t ! e>lie/ traditions repres5t ! =emo/ ( !m z ! /ricte/ sort ( ,veget>ians4#ic ,if !n we imp>tially review ! hi/ory ( ! practice1 ! tea*+1 & ! traditions ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian au?orities1 x _c b appe> surpris+ t ! ,or?odox ,*ur*1 ignor+ ! practice & highe/ ideal ( ! mo/ sacr$ p]iod ( its annals1 has1 ev5 )9 its own ,ord]1 deem$ x consi/5t ) its claim ( be+ repres5tative ( ! ,apo/olic p]iod to sub/itute p>tial & p]iodic = total & con/ant ab/95ce4 ,! foll[+ passages 9 ! ,homilies1 or ,congregational ,disc\rses1 ( ,*ryso/om w s]ve z specim5s ( 8 feel+ on ! propriety ( diet>y re=m4 ,! eloqu5t b diffusive /yle ( ! ,greek ,bossuet1 x mu/ be not$1 is necess>ily b feebly repres5t$ 9 ! lit]al ,engli% v]sion3-- 8,no /reams ( blood are among !m ! ascetics2 no but*]+ & cutt+ up ( fle%2 no da9ty cook]y2 no heav9ess ( head4 ,nor are !re horrible smells ( fle%-meats among !m1 or disagreeable fumes f ! kit*54 ,no tumult & di/urbance & we>isome clam\rs1 b bread & wat]--! latt] f a pure f\nta91 ! =m] f hone/ lab\r4 ,if1 at any "t1 h[ev]1 !y may wi% to fea/ m sumptu\sly1 ! sumptu\sness consi/s 9 fruits1 & _! pleasure 9 ^! is great] ?an at royal tables4 ,) ?is repa/ ( fruits & vegetables1 ev5 angels f ,heav51 z !y behold x1 are delight$ & pleas$4 ,= if ov] "o s9n] :o rep5ts !y rejoice1 ov] s _m j m5 imitat+ !m :at w !y n d8 ,no ma/] & s]vant are !re4 ,all are s]vants--all free m54 ,& ?9k n ?is a m]e =m ( spee*1 = !y are s]vants "o ( ano!r & ma/]s "o ( ano!r4 ,:]e91 !re=e1 are we diff]5t f1 or sup]ior to1 ,ants1 if we comp>e ourselves ) !m8 ,= z !y c>e = ! ?+s ( ! body only1 s also d we4 ,& w\ld x 7 = ^! alone6 ,b1 alas6 x is = ?+s f> worse4 ,= n = necess>y ?+s only d we c>e1 b also = ?+s sup]flu\s4 ,^? animals pursue an innoc5t life1 :ile we foll[ aft] all covet\sness4 ,nay1 we d n s mu* z imitate ! ways ( ,ants4 ,we foll[ ! ways ( ,wolves1 ! habits ( ,tig]s2 or1 r1 we are worse ev5 ?an !y4 ,to !m ,nature has assign$ t !y %\ld be ?us c>nivor\sly f$1 :ile ,god has hon\r$ u ) rational spee* & a s5se ( equity4 ,& yet we are become worse ?an ! wild bea/s40#id ,aga9 he prote/s3-- 8,nei!r am ,i lead+ y to ! l(ty peak ( total r5unciation ( possessions 2 b = ! pres5t ,i require y to cut (f sup]fluities1 & to desire a suffici5cy alone4 ,n[1 ! b\nd>y ( suffici5cy is ! us+ ^? ?+s :i* x is impossible to live )\t4 ,no "o deb>s y f ^!1 nor =bids y y\r daily food4 ,i say #8food1' n #8luxury' --#8raim5t1' n #8ornam5t4' ,r1 ?is frugality--to speak correctly--is1 9 ! be/ s5se1 luxury4 ,= consid] :o %\ld we say m truly fea/$--he ^: diet is h]bs1 & :o is 9 s\nd heal? & suff]$ no uneas9ess1 or he :o has ! table ( a ,syb>ite & is full ( a ?\s& disord]s8 ,cle>ly1 ! =m]4 ,!re=e let u seek no?+ m ?an ^!1 if we w\ld at once live luxuri\sly & heal?fully4 ,& let him :o c be satisfi$ ) pulse1 & c keep 9 good heal?1 seek = no?+ m4 ,b let him :o is weak]1 & ne$s to be m ri*ly diet$ ) o!r vegetables & fruits1 n be deb>r$ f !m4444 ,we d n advise ?is = ! h>m & injury ( m51 b to lop (f :at is sup]flu\s--& t is sup]flu\s :i* is m ?an we ne$4 ,:5 we are able to live )\t a ?+1 heal?fully & respectably1 c]ta9ly ! addition ( t ?+ is a sup]fluity40--,hom4 xix4 #b ,cor4 ,d5\nc+ ! grossness ( ! ord9>y mode ( liv+1 he eloqu5tly descants on ! evil results1 physical z well z m5tal3-- 8,a man :o lives 9 pleasure i4e41 9 selfi% luxury is dead :ile he lives1 = he lives only to 8 belly4 ,9 8 o!r s5ses he lives n4 ,he sees n :at he ought to see2 he he>s n :at he ought to he>2 he speaks n :at he ought to speak4444 ,look n at ! sup]ficial c\nt5ance1 b exam9e ! int]ior1 & y w see x full ( deep dejection4 ,if x 7 possible to br+ ! s\l into view1 & to behold x ) our bodily eyes1 t ( ! luxuri\s w\ld seem depress$1 m\rnful1 mis]able1 & wa/$ ) leanness1 = ! m ! body gr[s sleek & gross1 ! m lean & weakly is ! s\l4 ,! m ! "o is pamp]$1 ! m is ! o!r hamp]$ --3 ! latt] mean+1 lit]ally1 buri$4 ,z :5 ! pupil ( ! eye has ! ext]nal envelope too ?ick1 x _c put =? ! p[] ( vision & look out1 because ! light is exclud$ by ! d5se cov]+1 & d>kness ensues2 s :5 ! body is con/antly full f$1 ! s\l mu/ be inve/$ ) grossness4 ,! dead1 say y1 corrupt & rot1 & a f\l pe/il5tial hum\r di/ils f !m4 ,s 9 h] :o lives 9 pleasure may be se5 rheums1 & phlegm1 & cat>rh1 hicc\gh1 vomit+1 eructations1 & ! l1 :i*1 z too unseemly1 ,i =be> to "n4 ,= su* is ! despotism ( luxury1 x makes u endure ?+s :i* we d n ?9k prop] ev5 to m5tion4444 8#8,%e t lives 9 pleasure is dead :ile %e lives4' ,he> ?is1 ye wom5#ie :o pass y\r "t 9 revels & intemp]ance1 & :o neglect ! poor1 p9+ & p]i%+ ) hung]1 :il/ y are de/roy+ y\rselves ) cont9ual luxury4 ,?us y are ! cause ( two dea?s--( ^? :o are dy+ ( want & ( y\r own1 bo? ?r\gh ill-measure4 ,if1 out ( y\r fulness1 y temp]$ _! want1 y w\ld save two lives4 ,:y d y ?us gorge y\r own body ) excess1 & wa/e t ( ! poor ) want8 ,consid] :at comes ( food--into :at x is *ang$4 ,are y n disgu/$ at its be+ nam$8 ,:y1 !n1 be eag] = su* accumulations8 ,! increase ( luxury is b ! multiplication ( fil?4#if ,= ,nature has h] limits1 & :at is beyond ^! is n n\ri%m5t1 b injury & ! increase ( ordure4 8,n\ri% ! body1 b d n de/roy x4 ,food is call$ n\ri%m5t1 to %[ t its purpose is n to hurt1 b to support u4 ,= ?is reason1 p]haps1 food passes into excrem5t t we may n be lov]s ( luxury4 ,if x 7 n s--if x 7 n useless & injuri\s to ! body1 we %\ld h>dly ab/a9 f dev\r+ "o ano!r4 ,if ! belly receiv$ z mu* z x pleas$1 dige/$ x1 & convey$ x to ! body1 we %\ld see battles & w>s innum]able4 ,ev5 z x is1 :5 "p ( our food passes into ordure1 "p into blood1 "p into spuri\s & useless phlegm1 we are1 nev]!less1 s addict$ to luxury t we sp5d1 p]haps1 :ole e/ates on a meal4 ,! m ri*ly we live1 ! m noisome are ! od\rs ) :i* we are fill$40--,hom4 xiii4 ,tim4 v4#ig 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ?is p]iod--! fif? c5tury ,a4,d4 d[n to ! sixte5?--,*ri/ian & ,we/]n lit]ature conta9s little or no?+ :i* comes )9 ! purpose ( ?is "w4 ,! m]its ( mona/ic asceticism 7 m or less prea*$ dur+ all ^? ages1 al?\gh con/ant ab/95ce f fle% 0 by no means ! g5]al practice ev5 ) ! inmates ( ! /rict] mona/ic or conv5tual e/abli%m5ts--at all ev5ts 9 ! ,lat9 ,*ur*4 ,b we look 9 va9 = traces ( any?+ l ! humanit>ian feel+ ( ,plut>* or ,porphyry4 ,! m5tal intellig5ce z well z capacities = physical suff]+ ( ! non-human races--necess>ily result+ f an organisation 9 all ess5tial po9ts l to our own--0 app>5tly :olly ignor$2 _! j rights & claims ^u human ju/ice 7 disreg>d$ & trampl$ "u foot4 ,consi/5tly ) ! univ]sal e/imate1 !y 7 treat$ z be+s de/itute ( all feel+--z if1 9 f9e1 !y are ! 8automatic ma*9es0 !y are alleg$ to be by ! ,c>tesians ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 ^? t]rible ages ( gross ignorance1 ( sup]/ition1 ( viol5ce1 & ( inju/ice--9 :i* human rights 7 seldom reg>d$--x w\ld h be5 surpris+ inde$ if any sort ( reg>d _h be5 display$ = ! non-human slaves4 ,& yet an und]ly+ & lat5t consci\sness ( ! fals5ess ( ! g5]al e/imate sometimes made itself app>5t 9 c]ta9 extraord9>y & p]v]se fancies4#ih ,to ,montaigne1 ! fir/ to revive ! humanit>ianism ( ,plut>*1 belongs ! great m]it ( reass]t+ ! natural rights ( ! helpless slaves ( human tyranny4 ,:ile ,*ryso/om seems to h be5 "o ( ! la/ ( ,*ri/ian writ]s :o manife/$ any sort ( consci\sness ( ! inhuman1 z well z unspiritual nature ( ! ord9>y gross foods1 ,platonism cont9u$ to be> al(t ! flick]+ tor* ( a tru] spiritualism2 & 8! gold5 *a90 ( ! prophets ( ! diet>y re=mation rea*$ d[n ev5 s late z to ! end ( ! six? c5tury4 ,hi]okles1 au?or ( ! comm5t>y on ! ,gold5 ,v]ses ( ,py?agoras1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 & :o lectur$ ^u !m ) great success at ,alex&ria2 ,hypatia1 ! beautiful & accompli%$ daught] ( ,!on ! great ma!matician1 :o publicly taught ! philosophy ( ,plato at ! same great c5tre ( ,greek sci5ce & le>n+1 & 0 b>b>\sly murd]$ by ! jeal\sy ( h] ,*ri/ian rival ,cyril1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,alex&ria2 ,proklus1 surnam$ ! ,successor1 z hav+ be5 consid]$ ! mo/ illu/ri\s disciple ( ,plato 9 ! latt] times1 :o left sev]al treatises ^u ! ,py?agorean sy/em1 & 8^: sagaci\s m9d explor$ ! deepe/ que/ions ( morals & metaphysics02#ii ,olympiodorus1 :o wrote a life ( ,plato & comm5t>ies on sev]al ( 8 dialogues1 /ill extant1 & liv$ 9 ! reign ( ,ju/9ian1 by ^: edict ! illu/ri\s s*ool ( ,a!ns 0 f9ally clos$1 & ) x ! la/ ve/iges ( a sublime1 if imp]fect1 attempt at ! purification ( human life--su* are "s ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s names :i* adorn$ ! days ( expir+ ,greek philosophy4 ,olympiodorus & six o!r ,py?agoreans det]m9$1 if possible1 to ma9ta9 _! doctr9es else:]e2 & !y s\ght refuge ) ! ,p]sian ,magi1 ) ^: t5ets1 or1 at lea/1 mann] ( liv+1 !y believ$ !mselves to be mo/ 9 accord4 ,! ,p]sian cu/oms 7 di/a/eful to ! pur] ideal ( ! ,platoni/s1 &1 disappo9t$ 9 o!r respects1 !y reluctantly rel9qui%$ _! fond hopes ( transplant+ ! doctr9es ( ,plato into a =eign soil1 & return$ home4 ,! ,p]sian pr9ce1 ,*osroes1 we may add1 acquir$ hon\r by 8 /ipulation ) ! bigot$ ,ju/9ian1 t ! sev5 sages %\ld be all[$ to live unmole/$ dur+ ! re/ ( _! days4 8,simplicius & 8 companions end$ _! lives 9 peace & obscurity2 &1 z !y left no disciples1 !y t]m9at$ ! long li/ ( ,grecian philosoph]s :o may be ju/ly prais$1 not)/&+ _! defects1 z ! wise/ & mo/ virtu\s ( _! contempor>ies4 ,! writ+s ( ,simplicius are n[ extant4 ,8 physical & metaphysical comm5t>ies on ,ari/otle h pass$ away ) ! fa%ion ( ! times1 b 8 moral int]pretation ( ,epiktetus is pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( nations z a classical book excell5tly adapt$ to direct ! w1 to purify ! he>t1 & to confirm ! und]/&+1 by a j confid5ce 9 ! nature bo? ( ,god & ,man40#ajj ,,xi4 ,,corn>o4 #adfe-aeff4 ,aft] ! ext9ction ( ,greek & ,lat9 philosophy 9 ! fif? c5tury1 a m5tal torpor seiz$ ^u &1 dur+ "s ?\s& ye>s1 ) r>e exceptions1 dom9at$ ! :ole ,we/]n _w4 ,:5 ?is torpor 0 dispell$ by ! influ5ce ( return+ k & reason evok$ by ! v>i\s simultane\s discov]ies 9 sci5ce & lit]ature--9 p>ticul> by ! a*ievem5ts ( ,gut5b]g1 ,vasco da ,gama1 ,*ri/oph] ,colon1 &1 above all1 ,cop]nik--! moral s5se !n fir/1 too1 began to %[ signs ( life4 ,! r5asc5ce ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ) all ! vig\r ( ?\ght & action :i* accompani$ x1 prov$ to be r a revival ( m]e v]bal le>n+ ?an ( ! high] moral feel+ ( ! be/ m9ds ( old ,greece & ,italy4 ,m51 fett]$ z !y 7 9 ! trammels ( !ological controv]sy & metaphysical subtleties1 = ! mo/ "p exp5d$ _! en]gies & _! intellect 9 ! va9 pursuit ( phantoms4 ,) ! v few spl5did exceptions ( ! m enlight5$ & e>ne/ ?9k]s1 ,e?ics1 9 ! real & compreh5sive mean+ ( ! ^w1 0 an unkn[n sci5ce2 & a long p]iod ( "t 0 yet to pass away be=e a p]ception ( ! univ]sal obligations ( ,ju/ice & ( ,"r dawn$ ^u ! m9ds ( m54 ,9 tru?1 x c\ld n h be5 o!rwise4 ,be=e ! moral in/9cts c be develop$1 reason & k mu/ h suffici5tly prep>$ ! way4 ,:5 att5tion to ! importance ( ! neglect$ sci5ce ( ,dietetics _h be5 9 "s degree ar\s$1 ! int]e/ evok$ 0 little connect$ ) ! high] s5tim5ts ( humanity4 ,( all diet>y re=m]s :o h treat$ ! subject f an exclusively sanit>ian po9t ( view1 ! mo/ widely kn[n & mo/ popul> "n1 p]haps1 has be5 t ( ,luigi ,corn>o2 & x is z a vehem5t prote/] aga9/ ! follies1 r ?an aga9/ ! b>b>ism1 ( ! prevail+ dietetic habits t he claims a place 9 ?is "w4 ,he belong$ to "o ( ! lead+ families ( ,v5ice1 !n at ! height ( its political p[]4 ,ev5 9 an age & 9 a city not$ = luxuri\sness & grossness ( liv+ ( ! ri* & dom9ant classes1 he _h 9 8 y\? di/+ui%$ himself by 8 lic5ti\s habits 9 eat+ & dr9k+1 z well z by o!r excesses4 ,8 con/itution _h be5 s impair$1 & he _h br\ght ^u himself s _m disord]s by ?is c\rse ( liv+1 t exi/5ce became a burd5 to him4 ,he in=ms u t f 8 ?irty-fif? to 8 =tie? ye> he pass$ 8 nights & days 9 cont9u\s suff]+4 ,e sort ( kn[n rem$y 0 exhau/$ be=e 8 new m$ical advis]1 sup]ior to ! prejudices ( 8 pr(ession & ( ! public1 _h ! c\rage & ! good s5se to prescribe a total *ange ( diet4 ,at fir/ ,corn>o f\nd 8 en=c$ regim5 almo/ intol]able1 &1 z he tells u1 he occasionally relaps$4 ,^! relapses br\ght back 8 old suff]+s1 &1 to save 8 life1 he 0 driv5 at l5g? to practise entire & uni=m ab/95ce1 ! yolk ( an egg (t5 furni%+ him ! :ole ( 8 meal4 ,9 ?is way he assures u t he came to reli% dry bread m ?an =m]ly he _h enjoy$ ! mo/ exquisite di%es ( ! ord9>y table4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ ye> he f\nd himself entirely fre$ f all 8 multi=m maladies4 ,9 8 eighty-?ird ye> he wrote & publi%$ 8 fir/ exhortation to a radical *ange ( diet "u ! title ( ,a ,treatise on a ,sob] ,life1#aja 9 :i* he eloqu5tly n>rates 8 own case1 & exhorts all :o value heal? & immunity f physical or m5tal suff]+s to foll[ 8 example4 ,& 8 exordium1 9 :i* he takes occasion to d5\nce ! wa/e & gluttony ( ! d9n]s ( ! ri*1 might be appli$ ) little1 or )\t any1 modification ( its language to ! public & private tables ( ! pres5t day3-- 8,x is v c]ta910 he beg9s1 8t ,cu/om1 ) "t1 becomes a second nature1 =c+ m5 to use t1 :e!r good or bad1 to :i* !y h be5 habituat$2 & we see cu/om or habit get ! bett] ( reason 9 _m ?+s4444 ,?\gh all are agre$ t intemp]ance 7la crapula7 is ! (fspr+ ( gluttony1 & sob] liv+ ( ab/emi\sness1 ! =m] nev]!less is consid]$ a virtue & a m>k ( di/9ction1 & ! latt] z di%on\rable & ! badge ( av>ice4 ,su* mi/ak5 notions are entirely ow+ to ! p[] ( ,cu/om1 e/abli%$ by our s5ses & irregul> appetites4 ,^! h bl9d$ & besott$ m5 to su* a degree t1 leav+ ! pa?s ( virtue1 !y h foll[$ ^? ( vice1 :i* lead !m imp]ceptibly to an old age burd5$ ) /range & mortal diseases4444 8,o wret*$ & unhappy ,italy6 ?us he apo/rophises 8 own c\ntry c y n see t gluttony murd]s e ye> m ( y\r inhabitants ?an y c\ld lose by ! mo/ cruel plague or by fire & sword 9 _m battles8 ,^? truly %ameful fea/s 7i tuoi v]am5te disone/i ban*etti71 n[ s mu* 9 fa%ion & s intol]ably pr(use t no tables are l>ge en\gh to hold ! inf9ite numb] ( ! di%es--^? fea/s1 ,i say1 are s _m battles4#ajb ,& h[ is x possible to live among/ su* a multitude ( j>r+ foods & disord]s8 ,put an end to ?is abuse1 9 heav5's "n1 = !re is n--,i am c]ta9 ( x--a vice m abom9able ?an ?is 9 ! eyes ( ! div9e ,maje/y4 ,drive away ?is plague1 ! wor/ y 7 ev] afflict$ )--?is new 8 k9d ( dea?--z y h bani%$ t disease :i*1 ?\gh x =m]ly us$ to make su* havoc1 n[ does little or no mis*ief1 ow+ to ! laudable practice ( att5d+ m to ! goodness ( ! provisions br\ght to our m>kets4 ,consid] t !re are means /ill left to bani% intemp]ance1 & su* means1 too1 t e man may h rec\rse to !m )\t any ext]nal assi/ance4 8,no?+ m is requisite = ?is purpose ?an to live up to ! simplicity1 dictat$ by nature1 :i* tea*es u to be cont5t ) little1 to pursue ! practice ( holy ab/emi\sness & div9e reason1 & accu/om ourselves to eat no m ?an is absolutely necess>y to support life2 consid]+ t :at exce$s ?is is disease & dea?1 & done m]ely to give ! palate a satisfaction :i*1 ?\gh b mom5t>y1 br+s on ! body a long & la/+ tra9 ( disagreeable diseases1 & at l5g? kills x along ) ! s\l4 ,h[ _m fri5ds ( m9e--m5 ( ! f9e/ und]/&+ & mo/ amiable disposition--h ,i se5 c>ri$ (f by ?is plague 9 ! fl[] ( _! y\?6 :o1 7 !y n[ liv+1 w\ld be an ornam5t to ! public1 & ^: company ,i %\ld enjoy ) z mu* pleasure z ,i am n[ depriv$ ( x ) conc]n40 ,he tells u t he _h und]tak5 8 ardu\s task ( proselytis+ ) ! m anxiety & zeal t he _h be5 enc\rag$ to x by _m ( 8 fri5ds1 m5 ( 8! f9e/ intellect0 7di bellissimo intelletto71 :o lam5t$ ! premature dea?s ( p>5ts & relatives1 & :o obs]v$ s manife/ a pro( ( ! advantages ( ab/95ce 9 ! robu/ & vigor\s frame ( ! dietetic mission>y at ! age ( eighty4 ,corn>o 0 a ?or\gh-go+ hygei/1 & he foll[$ a re=m$ diet 9 ! wide/ mean+ ( ! t]m1 att5d+ to ! v>i\s requirem5ts ( a heal?y condition ( m9d & body3-- 8,i likewise10 he says ) mu* c&\r1 8did all t lay 9 my p[] to avoid ^? evils :i* we d n f9d x s easy to remove--melan*oly1 hatr$1 & o!r viol5t passions :i* appe> to h ! greate/ influ5ce ov] our bodies4 ,h[ev]1 ,i h n be5 able to gu>d s well aga9/ ei!r "o or ! o!r k9d ( ^! disord]s passions z n to suff] myself n[ & !n to be hurri$ away by _m1 n to say all1 ( !m2 b ,i reap$ "o great b5efit f my weakness--t ( kn[+ by exp]i5ce t ^! passions h1 9 ! ma91 no great influ5ce ov] bodies gov]n$ by ! two =ego+ rules ( eat+ & dr9k+1 & !re=e c d !m b v little h>m1 s t x may1 ) great tru?1 be affirm$ t :oev] obs]ves ^! two capital rules is liable to v little inconv5i5ce f any o!r excess4 ,?is ,gal51 :o 0 an em95t physician1 obs]v$ be=e me4 ,he affirms t s long z he foll[$ ^! two rules relative to eat+ & dr9k+ 7p]* si gu>dava da quelli due della bocca7 he suff]$ b little f o!r disord]s--s little t !y nev] gave him above a day's uneas9ess4 ,t :at he says is true ,i am a liv+ witness2 & s are _m o!rs :o "k me1 & h se5 h[ (t5 ,i h be5 expos$ to heats & colds & su* o!r disagreeable *anges ( wea!r1 & h likewise se5 me 7ow+ to v>i\s mis=tunes :i* h m ?an once befall5 me7 greatly di/urb$ 9 m9d4 ,= n only c !y say ( me t su* m5tal di/urbance has affect$ me little1 b !y c av] ( _m o!rs :o did n lead a frugal & regul> life t su* failure prov$ v prejudicial to !m1 among :om 0 a bro!r ( my own & o!rs ( my family :o1 tru/+ to ! goodness ( _! con/itution1 did n foll[ my way ( liv+40 ,at ! age ( sev5ty a s]i\s accid5t befel him1 :i* to ! va/ majority ( m5 s f> advanc$ 9 life w\ld probably h be5 fatal4 ,8 coa* 0 ov]turn$1 & he 0 dragg$ a consid]able di/ance along ! road be=e ! horses c\ld be /opp$4 ,he 0 tak5 up ins5sible1 cov]$ ) sev]e w\nds & bruises & ) an arm & leg dislocat$1 & altoge!r he 0 9 s dang]\s a /ate t 8 physicians gave him only ?ree days to live4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse !y prescrib$ ble$+ & purg+ z ! only prop] & effectual rem$ies3-- 8,b ,i1 on ! contr>y1 :o knew t ! sob] life ,i _h l$ = _m ye>s pa/ _h s well unit$1 h>monis$1 & disp]s$ my hum\rs z n to leave x 9 _! p[] to f]m5t to su* a degree z to induce ! expect$ high fev]1 refus$ to be ei!r bl$ or purg$4 ,i simply caus$ my leg & arm to be set1 & suff]$ myself to be rubb$ ) "s oils1 :i* !y said 7 prop] on ! occasion4 ,?us1 )\t us+ any o!r k9d ( rem$y1 ,i recov]$1 z ,i ?\ght ,i %\ld1 )\t feel+ ! lea/ alt]ation 9 myself or any o!r bad effects f ! accid5t1 a ?+ :i* appe>$ no less ?an miracul\s 9 ! eyes ( ! physicians40 ,x is1 p]haps1 h>dly to be expect$ t 8,! ,faculty0 w endorse ! op9ions ( ,corn>o1 t any p]son by att5d+ /rictly to 8 regim5 8c\ld nev] be sick aga91 z x removes e cause ( illness2 & s1 = ! future1 w\ld nev] want ei!r physician or physic03-- 8,nay1 by att5d+ duly to :at ,i h said he w\ld become 8 own physician1 &1 inde$1 ! be/ he c\ld h1 s9ce1 9 fact1 no man c be a p]fect physician to anyone b himself4 ,! reason ( :i* is t any man may1 by repeat$ trials1 acquire a p]fect k ( 8 own con/itution & ! mo/ hidd5 qualities ( 8 body1 & :at food be/ agrees ) 8 /oma*4 ,n[1 x is s f> f be+ an easy matt] to "k ^! ?+s p]fectly ( ano!r t we _c1 )\t mu* tr\ble1 discov] !m 9 ourselves1 s9ce a great deal ( "t & repeat$ trials are requir$ = t purpose40 ,corn>o's second publication appe>$ ?ree ye>s lat] ?an 8 fir/1 "u ! title ( ,a ,comp5dium ( a ,sob] ,life & ! ?ird1 ,an ,e>ne/ ,exhortation to a ,sob] & ,regul> ,life1#ajc 9 ! n9ety-?ird ye> ( 8 age4 ,9 ^! little treatises he repeats & en=ces 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ mann] 8 previ\s exhortations & w>n+s4 ,he also takes ! opportunity ( expos+ "s ( ! plausible sophisms employ$ 9 def5ce ( luxuri\s liv+3-- 8,"s allege t _m1 )\t lead+ su* a life1 h liv$ to a hundr$1 & t 9 con/ant heal?1 al?\gh !y ate a great deal & us$ indiscrim9ately e k9d ( vi&s & w9e1 & !re=e flatt] !mselves t !y %all be equally =tunate4 ,b 9 ?is !y are guilty ( two mi/akes4 ,! fir/ is1 t x is n "o 9 "o hundr$ ?\s& t ev] atta9s t happ9ess2 ! o!r mi/ake is1 t su* p]sons1 9 ! end1 mo/ assur$ly contract "s illness :i* c>ries !m (f1 nor c !y ev] be sure ( end+ _! days o!rwise1 s t ! safe/ way to obta9 a long & heal?y life is1 at lea/ aft] =ty1 to embrace ab/95ce4 ,?is is no difficult matt]1 s9ce hi/ory in=ms u ( v _m :o1 9 =m] times1 liv$ ) ! greate/ temp]ance1 & ,i "k t ! pres5t ,age furni%es u ) _m su* in/ances1 reckon+ myself "o ( ! numb]4 ,n[ let u rememb] t we are human be+s1 & t man1 be+ a rational animal1 is himself ma/] ( 8 actions40 ,among/ o!rs3-- 8,!re are old gluttons 7attempati7 :o say t x is necess>y !y %\ld eat & dr9k a great deal to keep up _! natural heat1 :i* is con/antly dim9i%+ z !y advance 9 ye>s1 & t x is !re=e necess>y = !m to eat he>tily & ( su* ?+s z please _! palates1 & t 7 !y to lead a frugal life x w\ld be a %ort "o4 ,to ?is ,i answ] t our k9d "m1 ,nature1 9 ord] t old m5 may live to a /ill great] age1 has contriv$ matt]s s t !y %\ld be able to subsi/ on little1 z ,i d1 = l>ge quantities ( food _c be dige/$ by old & feeble /oma*s4 ,nor %\ld su* p]sons be afraid ( %ort5+ _! lives by eat+ too little1 s9ce :5 !y are indispos$ !y recov] by eat+ ! smalle/ quantities4 ,n[1 if by r$uc+ !mselves to a v small quantity ( food !y recov] f ! jaws ( dea?1 h[ c !y d\bt b t1 ) an increase ( diet1 /ill consi/5t1 h[ev]1 ) sobriety1 !y w be able to support nature :5 9 p]fect heal?8 8,o!rs say t x is bett] = a man to suff] e ye> ?ree or f\r returns ( 8 usual disord]s1 su* z g\t1 sciatica1 & ! l ?an to be torm5t$ ! :ole ye> by n indulg+ 8 appetite1 & eat+ ev]y?+ 8 palate likes be/1 s9ce by a good regim5 alone he is sure to get ! bett] ( su* attacks4 ,to ?is ,i answ] t1 our natural heat gr[+ less & less z we advance 9 ye>s1 no regim5 c reta9 virtue en\gh to conqu] ! malignity ) :i* disord]s ( repletion are ev] att5d$1 s t he mu/ die at la/ ( ^! p]iodical disord]s1 because !y abridge life z heal? prolongs x4 ,o!rs pret5d t x is mu* bett] to live t5 ye>s less ?an n indulge "o's appetite4 ,my reply is t longevity ought to be highly valu$ by m5 ( g5ius & intellect2 z to o!rs x is ( no great matt] if x is n duly priz$ by !m1 s9ce x is !y :o brutalise ! _w 7p]* que/i fanno brutto il mondo71 s t _! dea? is r ( s]vice to mank9d40 ,corn>o frequ5tly int]rupts 8 disc\rse ) apo/rophes to ! g5ius ( ,temp]ance1 9 :i* he seems to be at a loss = words to express 8 feel+ ( gratitude & ?ankfulness = ! m>vell\s *ange effect$ 9 8 con/itution1 by :i* he _h be5 deliv]$ f ! t]rible load ( suff]+s ( 8 e>li] life1 & by :i* moreov] he c\ld fully appreciate1 z he _h nev] dream$ be=e1 ! beauties & *>ms ( nature ( ! ext]nal _w1 z well z develope ! m5tal faculties ) :i* he _h be5 end[$3-- 8,o ?rice holy ,sobriety1 s useful to man by ! s]vices ?\ r5d]e/ him6 ,?\ prolonge/ 8 days1 by :i* means he may greatly improve 8 und]/&+4 ,?\ moreov] free/ him f ! dreadful ?\ghts ( dea?4 ,h[ greatly is ?y fai?ful disciple indebt$ to !e1 s9ce by ?y assi/ance he enjoys ?is beautiful expanse ( ! visible _w1 :i* is really beautiful to su* z "k h[ to view x ) a philosophic eye1 z ?\ ha/ enabl$ me to d6444 ,o truly happy life :i*1 besides ^! fav\rs conf]r$ on an old man1 ha/ s improv$ & p]fect$ him t he has n[ a bett] reli% = 8 dry bread ?an he _h =m]ly = ! mo/ exquisite da9ties4 ,& all ?is ?\ ha/ effect$ by act+ rationally1 kn[+ t bread is1 above all ?+s1 man's prop] food :5 season$ by a good appetite4444 ,x is = ?is reason t dry bread has s mu* reli% = me2 & ,i "k f exp]i5ce1 & c ) tru? affirm1 t ,i f9d su* sweetness 9 x t ,i %\ld be afraid ( s9n+ aga9/ temp]ance 7 x n = my be+ conv9c$ ( ! absolute necessity ( eat+ ( x1 & t we _c make use ( a m natural food40 ,! f\r? & la/ ( 8 appe>ances 9 pr9t 0 a 8,lett] to ,b>b>o1 ,patri>* ( ,aquileia10 writt5 at ! age ( n9ety-five4 ,x describes 9 a v lively mann] ! heal?1 vig\r1 & use ( all 8 faculties ( m9d & body1 ( :i* he _h ! p]fect enjoym5t4 ,he 0 f> advanc$ 9 life :5 8 daught]1 8 only *ild1 0 born1 & he liv$ to see h] an old woman4 ,he in=ms u1 at ! age ( n9ety-"o1 ) mu* eloqu5ce & en?usiasm ( ! active int]e/ & pleasure he exp]i5c$ 9 all t conc]n$ ! prosp]ity ( 8 native city3 ( 8 plans = improv+ its port2 = dra9+1 recov]+1 & f]tiliz+ ! ext5sive m>%es & b>r5 s&s 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,he di$1 hav+ pass$ 8 "o hundr$? ye>1 calmly & easily 9 8 arm-*air at ,padua 9 ! ye> #aeff4ajd ,8 treatises1 =m+ a small volume1 h be5 8v frequ5tly publi%$ 9 ,italy1 bo? 9 ! v]nacul> ,italian & 9 ,lat94 ,x has be5 translat$ into all ! civilis$ languages ( ,europe1 & 0 once a mo/ popul> book4 ,!re are sev]al ,engli% translations ( x1 ! be/ be+ "o t be>s ! date #aggi4 ,corn>o's sy/em10 says ! writ] 9 ! ,engli% ,cyclopdia :om we are quot+1 8has _h _m foll[]s40 ,rec\nt+ 8 _m dignities & hon\rs1 & ! di/+ui%$ "p he took 9 ! improvem5t ( 8 native city1 by :i* he acquir$ a great reputation among/ 8 fell[-citiz5s1 ! ,italian editor ( 8 writ+s ju/ly adds3-- 8,b all ^! f9e pr]ogatives ( ,luigi ,corn>o w\ld n h be5 suffici5t to r5d] 8 "n fam\s 9 ,europe if he _h n left beh9d him ! %ort treatises ^u ,temp]ance1 compos$ at v>i\s times at ! advanc$ ages ( #he1 #hf1 #ia1 & #ie4 ,! c&\r :i* brea!s ?r\gh _! simplicity1 ! importance ( ! argum5t1 & ! f]v\r ) :i* he urges ^u all to /udy ! means ( prolong+ our life1 h obta9$ = !m s great good =tune z to be prais$ to ! skies by m5 ( ! be/ und]/&+4 ,! _m editions :i* h be5 publi%$ 9 ,italy1 & ! translations :i*1 toge!r ) an array ( physiological & philological notes1 h appe>$ out ( ,italy1 at "o "t 9 ,lat91 at ano!r 9 ,fr5*1 aga9 9 ,g]man1 & aga9 9 ,engli%1 prove _! importance4 ,^! disc\rses1 9 fact1 enjoy$ all ! reputation ( a classical book1 &1 al?\gh occasionally some:at unpoli%$1 z #8,poca favilla gran fiamma seconda1' !y h suffic$ to inspire 7riscald>e7 a ,lessio1 a ,b>tol9i1 a ,ramazz9i1 a ,*eyne1 a ,hufel&1 & s _m o!rs :o h writt5 works ( great] weight ^u ! same subject40 ,addison 7,spectator #aie7 ?us ref]s to him3-- 8,! mo/ rem>kable in/ance ( ! efficacy ( temp]ance t[>ds ! procur+ long life is :at we meet ) 9 a little book publi%$ by ,lewis ,corn>o1 ! ,v5etian1 :i* ,i ! r m5tion because x is ( und\bt$ cr$it1 z ! late ,v5etian ,ambassador1 :o 0 ( ! same family1 atte/$ m ?an once 9 conv]sation :5 he resid$ 9 ,engl&4444 ,aft] hav+ pass$ 8 "o hundr$? ye> he di$ )\t pa9 or agony1 & l "o :o falls asleep4 ,! treatise ,i m5tion has be5 tak5 notice ( by sev]al em95t au?ors1 & is writt5 ) su* a _s ( *e]fulness1 religion1 & good s5se z are ! natural concomitants ( temp]ance & sobriety4 ,! mixture ( ! old man 9 x is r a recomm5dation ?an a discr$it to x40 ,9 fact he has expos$ himself1 x mu/ be confess$1 to ! taunts ( ! 8devotees ( ! ,table0 (t5 ca/ at ! ab/95ts1 t !y are too mu* giv5 to p>ad+ _! heal? & vig\r1 & c]ta9ly if any "o c be ju/ly obnoxi\s to !m x is ,luigi ,corn>o4 ,,xii4 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,m4 #adhj-aece4 ,dur+ "p ( ! p]iod cov]$ by ! long life ( ,corn>o !re is "o di/+ui%$ man1 all ref]5ce to ^: op9ions--intimately ?\gh indirectly connect$ z !y are ) diet>y re=m--x w\ld be improp] to omit--,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,8 eloqu5t d5unciation ( ! grasp+ av>ice & ! ru9\s policy :i* 7 rapidly conv]t+ ! be/ "p ( ! c\ntry into graz+ l&s1 z well z 8 condemnation ( ! slaught] ( innoc5t life1 commonly euphemis$ by ! "n ( 8sport10 are z in/ructive & almo/ z necess>y = ! pres5t age z = ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,son ( ,sir ,john ,m1 a judge ( ! ,k+'s ,b5*1 he 0 br\ght up 9 ! palace ( ! ,c>d9al ,"l ,*ancellor ,morton1 an ecclesia/ic :o /&s out 9 fav\rable contra/ ) ! great majority ( 8 ord]1 &1 inde$1 ( 8 contempor>ies 9 g5]al4 ,9 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye> he 0 return$ to ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself by oppos+ a grant ( a subsidy to ! k+ 7,h5ry ,,vii474 ,9 #aeaf he publi%$ 79 ,lat97 8 _w-fam$ ,utopia--! mo/ m]itori\s production 9 sociological lit]ature s9ce ! days ( ,plut>*4 ,9 #aebc he 0 elect$ ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & aga9 he display$ 8 c\rage & integrity 9 resi/+ an illegal & oppressive subsidy bill1 by :i* he 0 n 9 ! way to advance 8 int]e/s ) ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 pr9cipal m9i/]1 ,wolsey4 ,sev5 ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 ^u ! disgrace ( ! latt] p]sonage1 ,sir ,?omas ,m succe$$ to ! vacant ,*ancellor%ip1 9 :i* (fice he ma9ta9$ 8 reputation = integrity & labori\s dilig5ce4 ,:5 ! amor\s & despotic k+ _h det]m9$ ^u ! mom5t\s divorce f ,ca!r9e1 he resign$ ! ,seals r ?an sanction t equivocal proce$+2 & soon aft]w>ds he 0 s5t to ! ,t[] = refus+ ! ,oa? ( ,supremacy4 ,aft] ! int]val ( a ye> he 0 br\ght to trial be=e ! ,k+'s ,b5*1 & s5t5c$ to ! block 7#aece74 ,9 private life & 9 8 dome/ic relations he exhibits a pleas+ contra/ to ! ord9>y h>% sev]ity ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,9 le>n+ & ability he occupies a =emo/ place 9 ! annals ( ! p]iod4 ,un=tunately = 8 reputation ) aft] ages1 z ,"l ,*ancellor he seems to h =gott5 ! maxims ( tol]ation 7political & !ological7 ( 8 e>li] c>e]1 s well set =? 9 8 ,utopia2 & he supplies a notable in/ance1 n too r>e1 ( retrogression ) advanc+ ye>s & dignities1 & ( 8a head gr[n grey 9 va940 ,9 fact1 he belong$1 ecclesia/ically1 to ! s*ool ( cons]vative sceptics1 ( :om 8 intimate fri5d ,erasmus 0 ! mo/ conspicu\s repres5tative1 r ?an to ! p>ty ( practical re=m4 ,yet1 9 spite ( s lam5table a failure 9 practical philosophy1 ,m may claim a high degree ( m]it bo? = 8 c\rage & = 8 sagacity 9 prop\nd+ views f> 9 advance ( 8 "t4 ,9 ! ,utopia 8 ideas 9 reg>d to lab\r & to crime exhibit him1 inde$1 z 9 advance ( ! receiv$ dogmas ev5 ( ! pres5t day4 ,z to ! =m] he held t ! lab\r]1 z ! actual basis & support ( ! :ole social sy/em1 0 ju/ly entitl$ to "s consid]ation1 & to a m rational exi/5ce ?an usually all[$ him by ! policy ( ! rul+ classes2 &1 9 limit+ ! daily p]iod ( lab\r to n9e h\rs1 he anticipat$ by #cej ye>s ! t>dy legislation on t important matt]4 ,9 expos+ ! equal absurdity & iniquity ( ! crim9al code he prea*$ ! despis$ doctr9e ( prev5tion r ?an puni%m5t1 & d5\nc$ ! mon/r\s inequality ( p5alties by :i* ?iev+ 0 plac$ 9 ! same category ) murd] & crimes ( viol5ce3-- 8,= great & horrible puni%m5ts be aw>d$ to ?ieves1 :]eas mu* r provision %\ld h be5 made t !re 7 "s means :]eby !y might get _! liv+1 s t no man %\ld be driv5 to ?is extreme necessity--fir/ to /eal & !n to die4444 ,by suff]+ y\r y\? to be wantonly & vici\sly br\ght up & to be infect$1 ev5 f _! t5d] age1 by little & little ) vice--!n1 9 ,god's "n1 to be puni%$ :5 !y commit ! same faults aft] be+ come to man's /ate1 :i* f _! y\? !y 7 ev] l to d--9 ?is po9t1 ,i pray y1 :at o!r ?+ d y ?an make ?ieves & !n puni% !m40#aje ,:at we are imm$iately conc]n$ ) "h is 8 feel+ 9 reg>d to slaught]4 ,! ,utopians condemn-- 8,hunt]s also & hawk]s 7falcon]s71 = :at delight c !re be1 & n r displeasure1 9 he>+ ! b>k+ & h[l+ ( dogs8 ,or :at great] pleasure is !re to be felt :5 a dog foll[s a h>e ?an :5 a dog foll[s a dog8 ,= "o ?+ is done by bo?--t is to say1 runn+1 if y h pleasure 9 t4 ,b if ! hope ( slaught] & ! expectation ( te>+ ! victim 9 pieces pleases y1 y %\ld r be mov$ ) pity to see an innoc5t h>e murd]$ by a dog--! weak by ! /rong1 ! fe>ful by ! fi]ce1 ! innoc5t by ! cruel & pitiless4#ajf ,!re=e ?is ex]cise ( hunt+1 z a ?+ unwor?y to be us$ ( free m51 ! ,utopians h reject$ to _! but*]s1 to ! :i* craft 7z we said be=e7 !y appo9t _! bondsm54 ,= !y c\nt hunt+ ! l[e/1 ! vile/1 & mo/ abject "p ( but*]y2 & ! o!r p>ts ( x m pr(itable & m hone/ z br++ mu* m commodity1 9 t !y 7! but*]s7 kill _! victims f necessity1 :]eas ! hunt] seeks no?+ b pleasure ( ! seely simple1 innoc5t & w(ul animal's slaught] & murd]4 ,! :i* pleasure 9 behold+ dea?1 !y say1 do? rise 9 wild bea/s1 ei!r ( a cruel affection ( m9d or else by be+ *ang$1 9 cont9uance ( "t1 into cruelty by long use ( s cruel a pleasure4 ,^!1 !re=e1 & all su* l1 :i* be innum]able1 ?\gh ! common sort ( p d take !m = pleasures1 yet !y1 see+ t !re is no natural pleasantness 9 !m1 pla9ly det]m9e !m to h no aff9ity ) true & "r feel+40 ,9 tell+ u t 8 model p 8p]mit n _! free citiz5s to accu/om !mselves to ! kill+ ( #8bea/s' ?r\gh ! use :]e( !y ?9k clem5cy1 g5tle/ affection ( our nature1 by little & little to decay & p]i%10#ajg ,m = ev] condemns ! immorality ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se1 :e!r he int5d$ to d s 9 toto or no4 ,9 relegat+ ! bus9ess ( slaught] to _! bondsm5 7crim9als :o _h be5 degrad$ f ! rights ( citiz5%ip71 ! ,utopians1 we may obs]ve1 exhibit less ( ju/ice ?an ( ref9em5t4 ,to devolve ! trade ( slaught] ^u a p>iah-class is n ! lea/ immoral ( ! necess>y concomitants ( ! %ambles4 ,t ! au?or ( ,utopia %\ld feel an in/9ctive av]sion f ! co>s5ess & cruelty ( ! %ambles is n surpris+2 t he %\ld h fail$ to bani% x entirely f 8 ideal commonweal? is less to be wond]$ at ?an to be lam5t$4 ,t he _h at lea/ a lat5t consci\sness ( ! indef5sibility ( slaught] = food appe>s suffici5tly cle> f 8 rem>k ^u ! ,utopian religion t 8!y kill no liv+ animal 9 sacrifice1 nor d !y ?9k t ,god has delight 9 blood & slaught]1 ,:o has giv5 life to animals to ! int5t !y %\ld live40 ,wis] ?an ourselves1 ! ideal p d n wa/e _! corn 9 ! manufacture ( alcoholic dr9ks3-- 8,!y s[ corn only = bread4 ,= _! dr9k is ei!r w9e made ( grapes1 or else ( apples or pe>s1 or else x is cle> wat]--& _m times mead made ( honey or liquorice sodd5 9 wat]1 = ( t !y h great /ore40 ,! selfi% policy ( conv]t+ arable into graz+ l& is emphatically d5\nc$ by ,m3-- 8,!y 7! ox5 & %eep7 consume1 de/roy1 & dev\r :ole fields1 h\ses1 & cities4 ,= look 9 :at p>ts ( ! realm do? gr[ ! f9e/ & !re=e ! de>e/ wool4 ,!re noblem5 & g5tlem51 yea1 & c]ta9 abbots1 holy m5 no d\bt1 n cont5t+ !mselves ) ! ye>ly rev5ues & pr(its t 7 wont to gr[ to _! =efa!rs & pr$ecessors ( _! l&s1 nor be+ cont5t t !y live 9 re/ & pleasure no?+ pr(it+1 yea1 mu* annoy+1 ! public weal1 leave no l& = tillage--!y enclose all into pa/ure1 !y ?r[ d[n h\ses1 !y pluck d[n t[ns & leave no?+ /&+1 b only ! *ur* to be made a %eep h\se2 &1 z ?\gh y lo/ no small quantity ( gr\nd by =e/s1 *ases1 l&s1 & p>ks1 ^? good holy m5 turn dwell+-places & all glebe l& into wild]ness & desolation4444 ,= "o %eph]d or h]dsman is en\gh to eat up t gr\nd ) cattle1 to ! occupy+ :]e( ab\t husb&ry _m h&s w\ld be requisite4 ,& ?is is also ! cause :y victuals be n[ 9 _m places de>]2 yea1 besides ?is1 ! price ( wool is s ris5 t poor folks1 :i* 7 wont to "w x & make clo? !re(1 be n[ able to buy none at all1 & by ?is means v _m be =c$ to =sake "w & to give !mselves to idl5ess4 ,= aft] t s mu* l& 0 enclos$ = pa/ure1 an inf9ite multitude ( %eep di$ ( ! rot1 su* v5geance ,god took ( _! inord9ate & insatiable covet\sness1 s5d+ among ! %eep t pe/if]\s murra9 :i* mu* m ju/ly %\ld h fall5 on ! %eep-ma/]s' own heads2 & ?\gh ! numb] ( %eep increase nev] s fa/1 yet ! price falle? n "o mite1 because !re be s few sell]s10 c4 ,^! sagaci\s & j reflections ^u ! evil social consequ5ces ( c>nivor\sness may be fitly comm5d$ to ! e>ne/ att5tion ( our public writ]s & speak]s ( to-day4 ,! p]iodical cattle plagues & foot-&-m\? diseases1 :i*1 9 !ological language1 are vaguely assign$ to national s9s1 might be m +5u\sly & tru?fully attribut$ to ! "o suffici5t cause--to ! g5]al indulg5ce ( selfi% in/9cts1 :i* closes ! e> to all ! prompt+s at once ( humanity & ( reason1 & is1 9 tru?1 a national s9 ( ! mo/ s]i\s "*4#ajh ,! 8wisdom ( our ance/ors10 :i* has be5 s (t5 invok$1 bo? be=e & s9ce ! days ( ,m1 & :i* ,b5?am has s m]cilessly expos$1 app>5tly did n subdue ! reason ( ! au?or ( ,utopia2 yet1 ) no little am\nt ( applause x has be5 made to s]ve z a v conclusive argum5t aga9/ dietetic re=mation1 z aga9/ _m o!r *anges3-- 8#8,^! ?+s1' say !y1 #8pleas$ our =efa!rs & ance/ors--w\ld to ,god we c\ld be s wise z !y 76' ,&1 z ?\gh !y _h wittily conclud$ ! matt]1 & ) ?is answ] /opp$ e man's m\?1 !y sit d[n aga9 z :o %\ld say1 #8,x 7 a v dang]\s matt] if a man 9 any po9t %\ld be f\nd wis] ?an 8 =efa!rs 74' ,& yet be we cont5t to suff] ! be/ & wittie/ wise/ ( _! decrees to be unexecut$2 b if 9 any?+ a bett] ord] might h be5 tak5 ?an by !m 01 !re we take fa/ hold1 f9d+ !re9 _m virtues40#aji ,,xiii4 ,,montaigne4 #aecc-aeib4 ,! mod]n ,plut>* & ! fir/ ( essayi/s des]ves 8 place 9 ?is "w1 if n s mu* = express & explicit d5unciation1 totidem v]bis1 ( ! b>b>ism ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se1 at lea/ = a sort ( argum5t :i* logically & necess>ily arrives at ! same conclusion4 ,9 tru?1 if he _h n 8se5 & approv$ ! bett] way0 7ev5 ?\gh1 ) too _m o!rs1 he may n h _h ! c\rage ( 8 convictions71 he w\ld be no true disciple ( ! great humanit>ian4 ,x is necess>y to rememb] t ! 8p]fect day0 0 n yet come2 t a few rays only "h & !re enlight5$ ! ?ick d>kness ( b>b>ism2 t1 9 f9e1 n ev5 yet1 ) ! light ( tru? %9+ full ^u u1 h reason & consci5ce triumph$1 z reg>ds ! mass ( ! community1 ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or else:]e4 ,mi*el de ,montaigne desc5d$ f an old & influ5tial h\se 9 ,prigord 7mod]n ,prigeaux1 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,dordogne74 ,8 y\? 0 c>efully tra9$1 & 8 e>ly incl9ation to le>n+ fo/]$ "u 8 fa!r's dilig5t sup]9t5d5ce4 ,he became a memb] ( ! prov9cial p>liam5t1 &1 by ! univ]sal suffrage ( 8 fell[-citiz5s1 0 elect$ *ief magi/rate ( ,bordeaux1 f ! (ficial r\t9e ( ^: duties he soon retir$ to ! m cong5ial atmosph]e ( /udy & philosophic reflection4 ,9 8 *teau1 at ,montaigne1 8 /udi\s tranquillity 0 viol5tly int]rupt$ by ! savage conte/s !n rag+ betwe5 ! oppos+ factions ( ,ca?olics & ,hugu5ots1 f bo? ( :om he receiv$ ill-treatm5t & loss4 ,to add to 8 tr\bles1 ! plague1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,gui5ne 9 #aehf1 broke up 8 h\sehold & compell$ him1 ) 8 family1 to ab&on 8 home4 ,toge!r !y w&]$ ?r\gh ! c\ntry1 expos$ to ! v>i\s dang]s ( a civil w>2 & he aft]w>ds = "s "t settl$ 9 ,p>is4 ,he _h also travell$ 9 ,italy4 ,montaigne return$ to 8 home :5 ! di/urbances & atrocities _h some:at subsid$1 & !re he di$ ) ! philosophic calmness ) :i* he _h liv$4 ,! ,essais--t book ( 8good fai?10 8)\t /udy & artifice10 z its au?or ju/ly calls x--appe>$ 9 ! ye> #aehj4 ,x is a book unique 9 mod]n lit]ature1 & ! only o!r production to :i* x may be comp>$ is ! ,moralia ( ,plut>*4 8,x is n a book we are read+1 b a conv]sation to :i* we are li/5+40 8,x is10 z ano!r ,fr5* critic obs]ves1 8less a book ?an a j\rnal divid$ into *apt]s1 :i* foll[ "o ano!r )\t connexion1 :i* be> ea* a title )\t mu* reg>d to ! fulfilm5t ( _! promise40 ,montaigne treats ( almo/ e phase ( human ?\ght & action2 & ^u e subject he has some?+ orig9al & wor? say+4 ,liv+ 9 a savagely sect>ian & p]secut+ age1 he kept himself alo( & indep5d5t ( ei!r ( ! two cont5d+ !ological sections1 & cont5ts himself ) ! rle ( a sceptical spectator4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t he is n always satisfactory 9 ?is "*1 s9ce he sometimes seems to give =? an 8unc]ta9 s\nd40 ,consid]+ ! age1 h[ev]1 8 ass]tion ( ! prop] au?ority ( ,reason des]ves our respectful admiration1 & is 9 pleas+ contra/ ) ! attitude ( mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,a few1 l 8 fri5d ,de ,?\1 or ! ,italian ,giordano ,bruno--! latt] ( :om1 inde$1 _h m ( ! m>tyr-_s ?an ,montaigne--contribut$ to keep alight ! tor* ( ,tru? & ,reason4 ,b we h only to recollect t x 0 ! age p> excell5ce ( ,diabolism 9 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant !ology alike1 & ( all ! horrible sup]/itions & frightful tortures1 bo? bodily & m5tal1 ( :i* ! univ]sal belief 9 ! ,devil's actual reign on e>? 0 ! fruitful cause4 ,ab\t ! v "t ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,essais1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( ! p]iod1 ! lawy] ,jean ,bod9 publi%$ a "w :i* he call$ ! ,dmonomanie des ,sorci]s 7! 8,diabolic ,inspiration ( ,wit*es071 9 :i* he prote/$ 8 unwav]+ fai? 9 ! mo/ mon/r\s beliefs ( ! cre$1 & vehem5tly call$ ^u ! judges1 ecclesia/ical & civil1 to puni% ! reput$ crim9als 7accus$ ( an impossible crime7 ) ! sev]e/ tortures4 ,we h only to recognise ?is fact alone 7! mo/ a/\nd+ ( all ! a/\nd+ facts & phases 9 ! hi/ory ( ,sup]/ition7 to d full ju/ice to ! reason & c\rage ( ?is small b& ( prote/]s4 ,z = ! influ5ce ( ,montaigne on ! modes ( ?\ght ( aft] times1 & especially ( 8 c\ntrym51 x c sc>cely be ov] e/imat$4 ,he is ! lit]>y prog5itor ( ! mo/ fam\s ,fr5* writ]s ( ! humanit>ian eighte5? c5tury4 ,! mo/ em95t ( !m1 ,voltaire1 p]haps1 mo/ resembles him1 b naturally ! /yle ( ! eighte5? c5tury philosoph] is m concise & incisive1 & 8 op9ions are m pron\nc$4 8,bo?10 says a ,fr5* critic1 8laugh at ! human species2 b ! laught] ( ,voltaire is m bitt]2 8 raill]ies are m t]rible4 ,bo?1 nev]!less1 brea! ! love ( humanity4 ,t ( ,voltaire is m ard5t1 m c\rage\s1 m unwe>i$4 ,! hatr$ ( bo? ( !m = *>latanism & hypocrisy is well kn[n4 ,_! morality has = its fir/ pr9ciple b5evol5ce t[>ds o!rs1 )\t di/9ction ( c\ntry1 ( mann]s1 or ( religi\s beliefs2 w>n+ u n to ?9k t we alone hold ! deposit ( ju/ice & ( tru?4 ,x transports our s\l1 by contempt ( mortal ?+s & by en?usiasm = great tru?s40 ,x is to be lam5t$ t ! c\ntrym5 ( ,montaigne & ( ,voltaire h n pr(it$ to a l>g] ext5t by _! humanit>ian tea*+ & t5d5cies4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! almo/ incr$ible atrocities ( w>1 & especially ( civil w>1 ,montaigne prote/s3-- 8,sc>cely c\ld ,i p]suade myself1 be=e ,i _h se5 x ) my own eyes1 t !re c\ld be s\ls s f]oci\s z = ! simple pleasure ( murd] to be ready to p]petrate x2 to hack & dismemb] ! limbs ( o!rs2 to ransack _! inv5tion to discov] unhe>d-( tortures & new k9ds ( dea?s--& t )\t ! inc5tive ( enmity or ( pr(it--) ! m]e view ( enjoy+ ! pleasant spectacle ( pitiable actions & movem5ts1 ( groans & lam5tations1 ( a man dy+ 9 agony4 ,= ?is is ! climax to :i* cruelty c atta9--#8= a man )\t ang]1 )\t fe>1 to kill ano!r m]ely to witness 8 suff]+s4' 8,= my "p ,i h nev] be5 able to see1 )\t displeasure1 an innoc5t & def5celess animal1 f :om we receive no (f5ce or h>m1 pursu$ & slaught]$4 ,& :5 a de]1 z commonly happ5s1 f9d+ h]self )\t brea? & /r5g?1 )\t o!r res\rce1 ?r[s h]self d[n & surr5d]s1 z x 71 to h] pursu]s1 begg+ = m]cy by h] te>s1 #8,que/uque cru5tus ,atque imploranti similis4'#aaj ,?is has always appe>$ to me a v displeas+ spectacle4 ,i seldom1 or nev]1 take an animal alive :om ,i d n re/ore to ! fields4 ,py?agoras 0 9 ! habit ( buy+ _! victims f ! f[l]s & fi%]m5 = ! same purpose4 #8,primque a cde f]>um ,incaluisse puto maculatum sangu9e f]rum4'#aaa 8,dispositions sangu9>y 9 reg>d to o!r animals te/ify a natural incl9ation to cruelty t[>ds _! own k9d4 ,aft] !y _h accu/om$ !mselves at ,rome to ! spectacle ( ! murd]s meurtres ( o!r animals1 !y proce$$ to ^? ( m5 & gladiators4 ,nature has1 ,i fe>1 h]self atta*$ "s in/9ct ( inhumanity to man's disposition4 ,no "o d]ives any amusem5t f see+ o!r animals enjoy !mselves & c>ess+ "o ano!r2 & no "o fails to take pleasure 9 see+ !m torn 9 pieces & dismemb]$4 ,t ,i may n he is cauti\s en\gh to add be ridicul$ = ?is sympa?y :i* ,i h = !m1 ev5 !ology enjo9s "s respect = !m1#aab & consid]+ t "o & ! same ,ma/] has lodg$ u 9 ?is palatial _w = 8 s]vice1 & t !y are1 z we1 memb]s ( ,8 family1 x is "r t x %\ld enjo9 "s respect & affection t[>ds !m40 ,quot+ in/ances ( ! extreme respect 9 :i* "s ( ! non-human races 7 held by p 9 ,antiquity1#aac & ,plut>*'s int]pretation ( ! mean+ ( ! div9e hon\rs sometimes paid to !m--t !y ador$ c]ta9 qualities 9 !m z types ( div9e faculties--,montaigne decl>es = himself t3-- 8,:5 ,i meet1 among/ ! m mod]ate op9ions1 argum5ts :i* g to prove our close resemblance to o!r animals1 & h[ mu* !y %>e 9 our greate/ privileges1 & ) h[ mu* ( probability !y are comp>$ to u1 ( a tru? ,i abate mu* f our common presumption1 & will+ly abdicate t imag9>y royalty :i* !y assign u ov] o!r be+s40 ,wis] ?an ! majority 9 lat] times1 ,montaigne well rebukes ! arrogant presumption ( ! human animal :o affects to hold all o!r life to be br\ght into be+ = 8 sole use & pleasure3-- 8,let him %ew me1 by ! mo/ skilful argum5t1 ^u :at f\ndations he has built ^! excessive pr]ogatives :i* he supposes himself to h ov] o!r exi/5ces4 ,:o has p]suad$ him t t admirable impulse ( ! cele/ial vault1 ! et]nal brightness ( ^? ,lights roll+ s maje/ically ov] our heads1 ! trem5d\s motions ( t inf9ite sea ( ,globes1 7 e/abli%$ & h cont9u$ s _m ages = 8 advantage & = 8 s]vice4 ,is x possible to imag9e any?+ s ridicul\s z t ?is pitiful *tive1 mis]able creature1 :o is n ev5 ma/] ( himself1 expos$ to injuries ( e k9d1 %\ld call itself ma/] & "l ( ! univ]se1 ( :i*1 s f> f be+ "l ( x1 he kn[s b ! smalle/ "p8444 ,:o has giv5 him ?is seal$ *>t]8 ,let him %ew u ! #8lett]s pat5t' ( ?is gr& commission4 ,h !y be5 issu$ octroyes 9 fav\r ( ! wise only8 ,!y affect b ! few 9 t case4 ,! fools & ! wick$--are !y wor?y ( s extraord9>y a fav\r1 & be+ ! wor/ "p ( ! _w le pire pice du monde1 d !y des]ve to be pref]r$ to all ! re/8 ,%all we believe all ?is8 8,presumption is our natural & orig9al disease4 ,! mo/ calamit\s & fragile ( all creatures is man1 & yet ! mo/ arrogant4#aad ,x is ?r\gh ! vanity ( ?is same imag9ation t he equals himself to a god1 t he attributes to himself div9e conditions1 t he picks himself out & sep>ates himself f ! cr[d ( o!r creatures1 curtails ! j %>es ( o!r animals 8 bre?r5 confrres & companions1 & assigns to !m su* portions ( faculties & =ces z seems to him good4 ,h[ does he "k1 by ! ef=t ( 8 intellig5ce1 ! int]ior & secret movem5ts & impulses ( o!r animals8 ,by :at comp>ison betwe5 !m & u does he inf] ! /upidity la btise :i* he attributes to !m80 ,montaigne quotes ! example ( 8 ma/]1 ! j & b5evol5t ,plut>*1 :o made x a matt] ( ju/ice & consci5ce n to sell or s5d to ! slaught]-h\se 7accord+ to ! common selfi% +ratitude7 a ,c[ :o _h s]v$ him fai?fully & pr(itably = s _m ye>s4 ,) ,plut>* & ,porphyry he nev] we>ies ( d5\nc+ ! unreason+ op9ions1 or r prejudices1 preval5t among/ m5 z to ! m5tal qualities ( _m ( ! non-human races1 &1 z we h already se51 insi/s t ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & u is ( degree & n ( k9d3-- 8,plato1 9 8 picture ( ! #8,gold5 ,age1' reckons among/ ! *ief advantages ( ! m5 ( t "t ! communication !y _h ) o!r animals1 by inve/igat+ & in/ruct+ !mselves 9 ^: nature !y le>n$ _! true qualities & ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m1 by :i* !y acquir$ a v p]fect k & intellig5ce1 & ?us made _! lives m happy ?an we c make ours4 ,is a bett] te/ ne$$ by :i* to judge ( human folly 9 reg>d to o!r species8 8,i h said all ?is 9 ord] to br+ u back & reunite ourselves to ! cr[d presse4 ,we are 9 ! accid5ts ( mortality nei!r above nor bel[ ! re/4 #8,all :o are "u ! sky1' says ! ,jewi% sage1 #8exp]i5ce a l law & fate4' ,!re is "s diff]5ce1 !re are ord]s & degrees1 b !y are "u ! aspect ( "o & ! same nature4 ,man mu/ be con/ra9$ & rang$ )9 ! b>ri]s ( ?is police ,il faut contra9dre l'homme1 et le rang] dans les b>rires de cette police4 ,! wret* has no "r to encroa* d'enjamb] beyond ^!2 he is fett]$1 entangl$1 he is subject$ to l necessities ) o!r creatures ( 8 ord]1 & 9 a v mean condition )\t any true & ess5tial pr]ogative & pre-excell5ce4 ,t :i* he conf]s ^u himself by 8 own op9ion & fancy has nei!r s5se nor sub/ance2 & if x be conc$$ to him t he alone ( all animals has t fre$om ( imag9ation & t irregul>ity ( ?\ght repres5t+ to him :at he is1 :at he is n1 & :at he wants1 ! false & ! true1 x is an advantage :i* has be5 v de>ly sold to him1 & ( :i* he has v little to boa/1 = f t spr+s ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! evils :i* oppress him--crime1 disease1 irresolution1 tr\ble1 despair40 ,reject+ ! /ill receiv$ prejudice :i* w n all[ our humble fell[-be+s ! privilege ( reason1 b inv5ts an imag9>y faculty call$ 8in/9ct10 he repeats t-- 8,!re is no gr\nd = suppos+ t o!r be+s d by natural & necess>y incl9ation ! same ?+s t we d by *oice1 & :ile we are b\nd to inf] f l effects l faculties--nay1 f great] effects1 great] faculties--we are =c$ to confess1 consequ5tly1 t t same reason1 t same me?od :i* we employ 9 action are also employ$ by ! l[] animals1 or else t !y h "s /ill bett] reason or me?od4 ,:y d we fancy 9 !m t natural necessity or impulse contra9te--we :o h no exp]i5ce ( t sort ourselves4#aae 8,z = use 9 eat+1 x is ) u z ) !m1 natural & )\t in/ruction4 ,:o d\bts t a *ild1 arriv$ at ! necess>y /r5g? = fe$+ itself1 c\ld f9d its own n\ri%m5t8 ,! e>? produces & (f]s to him en\gh = 8 ne$s )\t artificial lab\r1 & if n = all seasons1 nei!r does %e = ! o!r races--witness ! provisions :i* we obs]ve ! ants & o!rs collect+ = ! /]ile seasons ( ! ye>4 ,^? nations :om we h lately discov]$ ! peoples ( ,h9du/an & ( p>ts ( ,am]ica1 s abundantly furni%$ ) natural meat & dr9k )\t c>e & )\t lab\r1 h j in/ruct$ u t bread is n our sole food1 & t )\t toil our "m ,nature has furni%$ u ) e plant we ne$1 to %ew u1 z x seems1 h[ sup]ior %e is to all our artificiality2 :ile ! extravagance ( our appetite outruns all ! inv5tions by :i* we seek to satisfy x40#aaf ,,xiv4 ,,gass5di4 #aeib-afee4 ,gass5di1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t m51 &1 :at is m to ! purpose1 ! mo/ m]itori\s philosophic writ] ( ,france 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 claims ! unique hon\r ( be+ ! fir/ directly to revive 9 mod]n times ! tea*+ ( ,plut>* & ,porphyry4 ,o!r m9ds1 inde$1 ( a high ord]1 l ,m & ,montaigne1 _h1 z already %[n1 implicitly condemn$ ! invet]ate b>b>ism4 ,b ,gass5di is ! writ] :o fir/1 s9ce ! ext9ction ( ! ,platonic philosophy1 expressly & unequivocally attempt$ to enlight5 ! _w ^u ?is fundam5tal tru?4 ,he 0 born ( poor p>5ts1 ne> ,digne1 9 ,prov5ce4 ,9 8 e>lie/ ye>s he gave promise ( 8 extraord9>y g5ius4 ,at n9ete5 he 0 pr(essor ( philosophy at ,aix4 ,8 celebrat$ 8,essays aga9/ ! ,ari/otleians0 7,ex]citationes ,p>adoxic ,adv]sus ,ari/oteleos7 0 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 ! philosophic _w4 ,writt5 "s ye>s e>li]1 x 0 fir/ publi%$1 9 "p1 9 ! ye> #afbd4 ,x divides ) ! ,novum ,organon ( ,francis ,bacon1 ) :i* x 0 almo/ contempor>y1 ! hon\r ( be+ ! e>lie/ effectual assault ^u ! old s*ola/ic j>gon :i*1 abus+ ! "n & au?ority ( ,ari/otle1 dur+ "s ?ree or f\r c5turies ( m$ival d>kness _h kept possession ( ! s*ools & univ]sities ( ,europe4 ,x at once rais$ up = ,gass5di a ho/ ( enemies1 ! support]s ( ! old or?odoxy1 &1 z has always be5 ! case 9 ! exposure ( falsehood1 he 0 assail$ ) a torr5t ( virul5t invective4 ,five ( ! ,books ( ! ,ex]citationes1 by ! advice ( 8 fri5ds1 :o dread$ ! consequ5ces ( 8 c\rage1 _h be5 suppress$4 ,9 ! ,f\r? ,book1 besides ! h]esy ( ,kop]nik 7:i* ,bacon _h n ! c\rage or ! p5etration to adopt71 ! doctr9e ( ! et]nity ( ! ,e>? _h be5 ma9ta9$1 z already taught by ,bruno2 :ile ! ,sev5?1 accord+ to ! table ( cont5ts1 conta9$ a =mal recomm5dation ( ! ,epicurean !ory ( morals1 9 :i* ,pleasure & ,virtue are synonym\s t]ms4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! obloquy ?us ar\s$ ! philosoph] devot$ himself1 by way ( consolation1 to ! /udy ( anatomy & a/ronomy1 z well z to lit]>y /udies4 8,z ! result ( 8 anatomical rese>*es he compos$ a treatise to prove t man 0 int5d$ to live ^u vegetables1 & t animal food1 z contr>y to ! human con/itution1 is baneful & un:olesome40#aag ,he 0 ! fir/ to obs]ve ! transit ( ! planet ,m]cury ov] ! ,sun's disc 7#afca71 previ\sly calculat$ by ,kepl]4 ,he next appe>s publicly z ! oppon5t ( ,desc>tes 9 8 ,disquisitiones ,antic>tesian 7#afdc7--;a "w ju/ly di/+ui%$1 accord+ to ! rem>k ( an em95t ,g]man critic1 z a model ( controv]sial excell5ce4 ,! philosophic _w 0 soon divid$ betwe5 ! two ho/ile camps4 ,x is suffici5t to obs]ve "h t ,desc>tes1 :atev] m]it may atta* to him 9 o!r respects1 by 8 equally absurd & mis*iev\s p>adox t ! non-human species are possess$ only ( unconsci\s s5sation & p]ception1 _h done z mu* z he well c\ld to de/roy 8 reputation = common s5se & common reason ) all ! really ?9k+ "p ( ! _w4 ,yet ?is 8animat$ ma*9e0 !ory1 incr$ible z x may appe>1 has rec5tly be5 reviv$ by a well-kn[n physiologi/ ( ! pres5t day1 9 ! v face ( ! mo/ ord9>y facts & exp]i5ce--a !ory ab\t :i* x ne$s only to be said t x des]ves to be class$ ) "s ( ! mo/ absurd & mon/r\s conceptions ( m$ivalism4 ,z ?\gh1 to quote ,voltaire's admirable criticism1 ,god _h giv5 to ! l[] animals reason & feel+ to ! end t !y might n feel & reason4 ,x 0 n ?us1 z ! same writ] rem9ds u1 t ,locke & ,newton argu$4#aah ,9 #afdf ,gass5di became ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,ma!matics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 :]e 8 lecture-room 0 cr[d$ ) li/5]s ( all classes4 ,8 ,life & ,morals ( ,epikurus 7,de ,vit et ,moribus ,epicuri71 8 pr9cipal "w1 appe>$ 9 ! ye> #afdg4 ,x is a triumphant refutation ( ! prejudices & false repres5tations connect$ ) ! "n ( "o ( ! v greate/ & mo/ virtu\s ( ! ,greek ,ma/]s1 :i* _h be5 preval5t dur+ s _m ages4 ,nei!r 8 ,european reputation1 nor ! univ]sal respect extort$ by 8 private z well z public m]its1 c\ld corrupt ! simplicity ( ,gass5di2 & 8 sob] ta/es 7 little 9 sympa?y ) ! luxuri\s or lit]>y trifl+ ( ,p>is3-- 8,he _h only ) difficulty resolv$ to quit 8 s\!rn home1 & be+ attack$ by a lung compla9t1 he return$ to ,digne1 :]e he rema9$ till #afec4 ,)9 ?is p]iod falls ! great] "p ( 8 lit]>y activity & zeal 9 behalf ( ! philosophy ( ,epikurus1 & simultane\sly ! positive ext5sion ( 8 own doctr9es4 ,9 ! same p]iod ,gass5di produc$1 besides sev]al a/ronomical works1 a s]ies ( valuable biographies1 ( :i* ^? ( ,kop]nik & ,ty*o ,brahe are especially notewor?y4 ,he is1 ( all ! mo/ prom95t repres5tatives ( ,mat]ialism1 ! only "o gift$ ) a hi/oric s5se1 & t he has 9 an em95t degree4 ,ev5 9 8 ,syntagma ,philosophicum he treats e subject1 at fir/ hi/orically f all po9ts ( view4444 ,gass5di did n fall a victim to ,!ology1 because he 0 de/9$ to fall a victim to ,m$ic9e4 ,be+ treat$ = a fev] 9 ! fa%ion ( ! "t1 he _h be5 r$uc$ to extreme debility4 ,he long1 b va9ly1 s\ght re/oration 9 8 s\!rn home4 ,on return+ to ,p>is he 0 aga9 attack$ by fev]1 & ?irte5 fre% blood-lett+s end$ 8 life4 ,he di$ ,octob] #bd?1 #afee40 ,lange1 f :om we h quot$ ?is brief notice1 proce$s to v9dicate 8 position z a physical philosoph]3-- 8,! re=mation ( ,physics & ,natural ,philosophy1 usually ascrib$ to ,desc>tes1 0 at lea/ z mu* ! "w ( ,gass5di4 ,frequ5tly1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fame :i* ,desc>tes ow$ to 8 ,metaphysics1 ^? v ?+s h be5 cr$it$ to ,desc>tes :i* ought prop]ly to be assign$ to ,gass5di4 ,x 0 also a result ( ! peculi> mixture ( diff]5ce & agreem5t1 ( ho/ility & alliance1 betwe5 ! two sy/ems t ! influ5ces result+ f !m became completely int]fus$40#aai ,al?\gh ( extraord9>y erudition 8 le>n+ did n1 z too (t5 happ5s1 obscure ! p[]s ( orig9al ?\ght & reason4 ,bayle1 writ+ at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 has *>act]is$ him z 8! greate/ philosoph] among/ s*ol>s1 & ! greate/ s*ol> among/ philosoph]s20 & ,newton conceiv$ ! same high e/eem = ! great v9dicator ( ,epikurus4#abj ,x is 9 8 celebrat$ lett] to 8 fri5d ,van ,helmont1 t ,gass5di deals ) ! irrational ass]tions ( c]ta9 physiologi/s1 app>5tly m devot$ to ! def5ce ( ! or?odox diet ?an to ! discov]y ( unwelcome tru?1 z to ! "* ( ! human tee?3-- 8,i 0 cont5d+10 he writes to 8 m$ical fri5d1 8t f ! con=mation ( our tee? we d n appe> to be adapt$ by ,nature to ! use ( a fle% diet1 s9ce all animals 7,i spoke ( t]re/rials7 :i* ,nature has =m$ to fe$ on fle% h _! tee? long1 conical1 %>p1 unev51 & ) int]vals betwe5 !m--( :i* k9d are lions1 tig]s1 wolves1 dogs1 cats1 & o!rs4 ,b ^? :o are made to subsi/ only on h]bs & fruits h _! tee? %ort1 broad1 blunt1 close to "o ano!r1 & di/ribut$ 9 ev5 r[s4 ,( ?is sort are horses1 c[s1 de]1 %eep1 goats1 & "s o!rs4 ,& fur!r--t m5 h receiv$ f ,nature tee? :i* are unlike ^? ( ! fir/ class1 & resemble ^? ( ! second4 ,x is !re=e probable1 s9ce m5 are l& animals1 t ,nature int5d$ !m to foll[1 9 ! selection ( _! food1 n ! c>nivor\s tribes1 b ^? races ( animals :i* are cont5t$ ) ! simple productions ( ! e>?4444 ,:]e=e1 ,i "h repeat t f ! primval in/itution ( our nature1 ! tee? 7 de/9$ to ! ma/ication1 n ( fle%1 b ( fruits4 ,z = fle%1 true1 inde$1 x is t man is su/a9$ on fle%4 ,b h[ _m ?+s1 let me ask1 does man d e day :i* are contr>y to1 or beside1 8 nature8 ,s great1 & s g5]al1 is ! p]v]sion ( 8 mode ( life1 :i* has1 z x 71 eat5 into 8 fle% by a sort ( deadly contagion 7contagione veluti qudam jam inu/a e/71 t he appe>s to h put on ano!r disposition4 ,h5ce1 ! :ole c>e & conc]n ( philosophy & moral in/ruction ought to consi/ 9 lead+ m5 back to ! pa?s ( ,nature40 ,helmont1 x seems1 _h re/$ 8 pr9cipal argum5t = fle%-eat+1 n altoge!r 9 accordance ) ,g5esis1 & c]ta9ly n 9 accordance ) ,sci5ce1 on ! presumption t man 0 =m$ expressly = c>nivor\sness4 ,to ?is ,gass5di repli$ t1 )\t ignor+ !ological argum5t1 he /ill ma9ta9$ comp>ative ,anatomy to be a satisfactory & suffici5t guide4 ,he !n applies himself to refute ! physiological prejudice ( ,helmont ab\t ! tee?1 c4 7z already quot$71 & beg9s by w>n+ 8 fri5d t he is n to wond] if ! self-love ( m5 is con/antly view$ by him ) suspicion4#aba 8,=1 9 fact1 we all1 ) tacit cons5t1 conspire to extol our own nature1 & we d ?is commonly ) s mu* arrogance t1 if p 7 to dive/ !mselves ( ?is traditional & invet]ate prejudice1 & s]i\sly reflect ^u x1 _! faces mu/ be imm$iately suffus$ ) burn+ %ame40 ,he repeats ,plut>*'s unansw]able *all5ge3-- 8,man lives v well ^u fle%1 y say1 b1 if he ?9ks ?is food to be natural to him1 :y does he n use x z x is1 z furni%$ to him by ,nature8 ,b1 9 fact1 he %r9ks 9 horror f seiz+ & r5d+ liv+ or ev5 raw fle% ) 8 tee?1 & lights a fire to *ange its natural & prop] condition4 ,well1 b if x 7 ! int5tion ( ,nature t man %\ld eat cook$ fle%1 %e w\ld surely h provid$ him ) ready-made cooks2 or1 r1 %e w\ld h h]self cook$ x z %e is wont to d fruits1 :i* are be/ & sweete/ )\t ! int]v5tion ( fire4 ,nature1 surely1 does n fail 9 provid+ necess>y provision = h] *ildr51 accord+ to ! common boa/4 ,b :at is m necess>y ?an to make food pleasurable8 ,&1 z %e does 9 ! case ( sexual love by :i* %e procures ! pres]vation ( ! species1 s w\ld %e procure ! pres]vation ( ! g5us4 8,nor let anyone say t ,nature 9 ?is is correct$1 s9ce1 to pass ov] o!r ?+s1 t is tantam\nt to convict+ h] ( a blund]4 ,consid] h[ mu* m b5evol5t %e w\ld be prov$ to be1 9 t case1 t[>ds ! savage bea/s ?an t[>ds u4 ,aga91 s9ce our tee? are n suffici5t = eat+ fle%1 ev5 :5 prep>$ by fire1 ! inv5tion ( knives seems to me to be a /rong pro(4 ,because1 9 fact1 we h no tee? giv5 u = r5d+ fle%1 & we are !re=e =c$ to h rec\rse to ^? non-natural organs1 9 ord] to accompli% our purpose4 ,z if1 =soo?1 ,nature w\ld h left u de/itute 9 s ess5tial ?+s6 ,i div9e at once y\r ready reply3 #8?9k t ,nature has giv5 man reason to supply defects ( ?is k9d4' ,b ?is1 ,i affirm1 is always to accuse ,nature1 9 ord] to def5d our unnatural luxury4 ,s x is ab\t dress--s x is ab\t o!r ?+s4 8,:at is cle>] he sums up ?an t man is n furni%$ = hunt+1 mu* less = eat+1 o!r animals8 ,9 "o ^w1 we seem to be admirably admoni%$ by ,cic]o t man 0 de/9$ = o!r ?+s ?an = seiz+ & cutt+ ! ?roats ( o!r animals4 ,if y answ] t #8t may be said to be an indu/ry ord]$ by ,nature1 by :i* su* weapons are inv5t$1' !n1 behold6 x is by ! v same artificial in/rum5t t m5 make weapons = mutual slaught]4 ,d !y ?is at ! in/igation ( ,nature8 ,c a use s noxi\s be call$ natural8 ,faculty is giv5 by ,nature1 b x is our own fault t we make a p]v]se use ( x40 ,he1 f9ally1 refutes ! popul> objection ab\t ! /r5g?-giv+ prop]ties ( fle%-meat1 & in/ances ,horses1 ,bulls1 & o!rs4#abb ,9 8 ,e?ics 7affix$ to 8 ,books on ,physics7 he quotes & endorses ! op9ions ( ,epikurus on ! slaught] ( innoc5t life3-- 8,!re is no pret5ce10 he ass]ts1 8= say+ t any "r has be5 grant$ u by law to kill any ( ^? animals :i* are n de/ructive or p]nici\s to ! human race1 = !re is no reason :y ! innoc5t species %\ld be all[$ to increase to s great a numb] z to be inconv5i5t to u4 ,!y may be re/ra9$ )9 t numb] :i* w\ld be h>mless1 & useful to ourselves40#abc ,) t ,great ,ma/] he ?us rebukes ! fa%ionable 8hospitality03-- 8,i1 = my "p1 to speak mode/ly ( myself1 liv$ cont5t$ ) ! plants ( my little g>d51 & h pleasure 9 t diet1 & ,i wi% inscrib$ on my doors3 #8,gue/1 "h y %all h good *e]6 "h ! summum bonum is ,pleasure4 ,! gu>dian ( ?is h\se1 humanely hospitable1 is ready to ent]ta9 y ) pe>l-b>ley 7pol5ta71 & w furni% y abundantly ) wat]4 ,^! little g>d5s d n increase hung]1 b ext+ui% x2 nor d !y make ?ir/ great] by ! v potations !mselves1 b satisfy x by a natural & gratuit\s rem$y4'0#abd ,!re is "o "n :i*1 9 reputation1 occupies a pre-em95t position 9 philosophy1 belong+ to ?is p]iod--,francis ,bacon4 ,b1 = ourselves1 = :om true e?ical & humanit>ian pr9ciples h a mu* deep] significance ?an m]e m5tal =ce undirect$ to ! highe/ aims ( tru? & ( ju/ice1 ! "n ( ! mod]n ass]tor ( ! tru?s ( ,veget>ianism w *all5ge great] rev]5ce ?an ev5 t ( ! au?or ( ! ,new ,in/rum5t4 ,t ,bacon %\ld exhibit himself 9 ! "* ( an advocate ( ! rights ( ! l[] races is h>dly to be expect$ f ! selfi% & unscrupul\s promot] ( 8 own private int]e/s at ! exp5se at once ( common gratitude & common feel+4 ,8 rem>ks on ,vivisection 7:]e he que/ions :e!r exp]im5ts on human be+s are def5sible1 & sugge/s ! limitation ( sci5tific torture to ! non-human races7#abe are1 9 fact1 suffici5t evid5ce ( 8 indiff]5tism to s unselfi% an object z ! advocacy ( ! claims ( our def5celess dep5dants4 ,:5 we consid] 8 unusual sagacity 9 expos+ ! absurd quasi-sci5tific me?ods ( 8 pr$ecessors1 & ( ! prevail+ 7s-call$7 philosophical sy/em & ! _m pr(\nd rem>ks to be f\nd 9 8 writ+s1 x mu/ be add$ t we are reluctantly compell$ to believe t ! op9ions else:]e :i* he publi%es inconsi/5t ) ^? pr9ciples 7 inspir$ by t notori\s s]vility & c\rti]%ip by :i* he flatt]$ ! absurd & p$antic dogmatism ( "o ( ! mo/ contemptible ( k+s4 ,"o passage !re is1 h[ev]1 9 8 writ+s :i* seems to give u hope t ?is em95t compromis] 0 n altoge!r ins5sible to high] & bett] feel+3-- 8,nature has end[$ man ) a noble & excell5t pr9ciple ( compassion1 :i* ext5ds 8 ought to ext5d itself also to ! dumb animals--:5ce ?is compassion has "s resemblance to t ( a pr9ce t[>ds 8 subjects4 ,& x is c]ta9 t ! noble/ s\ls are ! mo/ ext5sively compassionate1 = n>r[ & deg5]ate m9ds ?9k t compassion belongs n to !m2 b a great s\l1 ! noble/ "p ( creation1 is ev] compassionate4 ,?us1 "u ! old laws1 !re 7 num]\s precepts 7n m]ely c]emonial7 enjo9+ m]cy--= example1 ! n eat+ ( fle% ) ! blood1 c4 ,s1 also1 ! sects ( ! ,ess5es & ,py?agoreans totally ab/a9$ f fle%1 z !y d also to ?is day1 ) an inviolate religion1 9 "s p>ts ( ! empire ( ! ,mogul ,h9du/an4 ,nay1 ! ,turks1 ?\gh a savage nation1 bo? 9 _! desc5t & discipl9e1 give alms to ! dumb animals1 & suff] !m n to be tortur$40#abf ,if ,bacon _h liv$ long] 7he di$ 9 #afbf7 we may ent]ta9 ! hope t ! p[]ful argum5ts ( 8 illu/ri\s contempor>y might h inspir$ him ) m s\nd & satisfactory ideas on ,dietetics ?an ! some:at crude ones :i* he publi%$ 9 8 ,de ,augm5tis 7iv41 #b74 ,z = ,m$ic9e1 he _h1 reasonably en\gh1 n conceiv$ a high op9ion ( ! me?ods ( its ord9>y pr(essors4 ,he says3-- 8,m$ic9e has be5 m pr(ess$ ?an lab\r$1 & m lab\r$ ?an advanc$2 r circul> ?an progressive2 = ,i f9d great repetition1 & b little new matt] 9 ! writ]s ( ,physic40 ,,xv4 ,,ray4 #afbg-agje4 ,john ,ray1 ! f\nd] ( ,botanical &1 only 9 little less degree1 ( ,zoological ,sci5ce1 0 an alumnus ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,he 0 elect$ ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college 9 #afdi1 & ,lectur] 9 ,greek 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,:ile at ,cambridge he =m$ a collection ( plants gr[+ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 a catalogue ( :i* he publi%$ 9 #affj4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 ) 8 fri5d ,francis ,will\ghby1 he travell$ ov] a l>ge "p ( ,europe1 z dur+ 8 academical life he _h trav]s$ ! great] "p ( ^! isl&s1 9 pursuit ( botanical & zoological sci5ce--an acc\nt ( :i* t\r he publi%$ 9 #afgc4 ,he _h be5 "o ( ! fir/ ,fell[s ( ! rec5tly f\nd$ ,royal ,society4 ,9 #afhb appe>$ 8 ,new ,me?od ( ,plants1 :i* =m$ a new era 9 botany1 or r1 :i* 0 ! fir/ attempt at mak+ x a real sci5ce4 ,x is ! basis ( ! subsequ5t classification ( ,jussieu1 :i* is /ill receiv$2 & its au?or 0 ! fir/ to propose ! division ( plants into monocotyl$ons & dicotyl$ons4 ,8 pr9cipal "w is ! ,hi/oria ,plant>um1 #afhf-agjd4 8,9 x he collect$ & arrang$ all ! species ( plants :i* _h be5 describ$ by botani/s4 ,he enum]at$ #ah1fbe species4 ,hall]1 ,spr5gel1 ,adamson1 & o!rs speak ( ?is "w z be+ ! produce ( imm5se lab\r1 & z conta9+ mu* acute criticism40 ,:at1 h[ev]1 is m int]e/+ to u is ! fact t 89 zoology ,ray ranks almo/ z high z 9 botany1 & 8 works on ?is subject are ev5 m important1 z !y /ill1 9 great measure1 pres]ve _! utility4 ,cuvi] says t #8!y may be consid]$ z ! f\ndation ( mod]n zoology1 = naturali/s are oblig$ to consult !m e in/ant = ! purpose ( cle>+ up ! difficulties :i* !y meet ) 9 ! works ( ,l9nu & 8 copyi/s4'0 ,betwe5 #afgf-afhf appe>$ ,orni?ologia & ,hi/oria ,piscium1 ! mat]ials ( :i* _h be5 left him by 8 fri5d ,will\ghby4 ,to 8 extraord9>y erudition & indu/ry ! _w 0 indebt$ = ,a ,me?odical ,synopsis ( ,quadrup$s z well z a v valuable hi/ory ( ,insects4 ,conspicu\s among/ 8 m]its are 8 accuracy ( obs]vation & 8 philosophical me?od ( classification4 ,) o!rs1 ,buffon is l>gely indebt$ to ! mo/ m]itori\s ( ! pione]s ( zoological k4 ,ray has deliv]$ 8 pr(ession ( fai? 9 ! sup]iority & excell5ce ( ! non-fle% diet 9 ! foll[+ eloqu5t passage :i* has be5 quot$ ) approval by 8 fri5d ,john ,evelyn3-- 8,! use ( plants is all our life long ( t univ]sal importance & conc]n t we c nei!r live nor subsi/ ) any dec5cy & conv5i5ce1 or be said1 inde$1 to live at all )\t !m4 ,:atsoev] food is necess>y to su/a9 u1 :atsoev] contributes to delight & refre% u1 is suppli$ & br\ght =? out ( t pl5tiful & abundant /ore4 ,& ah6 he exclaims h[ mu* m innoc5t1 sweet1 & heal?ful is a table cov]$ ) ^? ?an ) all ! reek+ fle% ( but*]$ & slaught]$ animals4 ,c]ta9ly man by nature 0 nev] made to be a c>nivor\s animal1 nor is he arm$ at all = prey & rap9e1 ) jagg$ & po9t$ tee? & crook$ claws %>p5$ to r5d & te>1 b ) g5tle h&s to ga!r fruit & vegetables1 & ) tee? to *ew & eat !m40#abg ,,xvi4 ,,evelyn4 #afbj-agjf4 ,john ,evelyn1 ! repres5tative ( ! m e/imable "p ( ! high] middle life ( 8 "t1 :o has s eloqu5tly set =? ! praises ( ! vegetable diet1 also claims ) ,ray ! hon\r ( hav+ fir/ excit$1 among/ ! opul5t classes ( 8 c\ntrym51 a rational ta/e = botanical k4 ,especially m]itori\s & truly patriotic 0 8 appeal to ! own]s ( l&1 by gr[+ trees to provide ! c\ntry ) useful z well z ornam5tal timb] = ! b5efit ( po/]ity4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ to treat g>d5+ & plant+ 9 a sci5tific mann]2 & 8 own cultivation ( exotic & o!r valuable plants 0 a mo/ useful example too t>dily foll[$ by ignorant or selfi% l&lords ( ^? & succe$+ times4 ,x w\ld h be5 well inde$ = ! mass ( ! p ( ^! isl&s1 _h ! own]s ( l&$ prop]ty c>$ to develope ! tea*+ ( ,evelyn by /ock+ ! c\ntry ) v>i\s fruit trees1 & s suppli$ at once an easy & :olesome food4 ,o =tunatos nimium1 sua si bona nr9t1 ,agricolas6444 ,fundit humo facilem victum ju/issima ,tellus4#abh ,! family ( ,evelyn 0 settl$ at ,wooton1 9 ,surrey4 ,dur+ ! /ruggle betwe5 ! ,p>liam5t & ! ,c\rt he w5t abroad1 & travell$ = "s ye>s 9 ,france & 9 ,italy1 :]e he seems to h employ$ 8 leisure 9 a m ref9$ & useful way ?an is ! wont ( mo/ ( 8 travell+ c\ntrym54 ,he return$ home 9 #afea4 ,at ! f\ndation ( ! ,royal ,society1 "s t5 ye>s lat]1 ,evelyn became "o ( its e>lie/ ,fell[s4 ,8 fir/ "w 0 publi%$ 9 #affd1 ,sylva2 or1 a ,disc\rse ( ,=e/ ,trees & ! ,propagation ( ,timb]4 ,its imm$iate cause 0 ! application ( ! ,naval ,commission]s to ! ,royal ,society = advice 9 view ( ! gr[+ sc>city ( timb]1 especially ( oak1 9 ,engl&4 ,a l>ge quantity ( ! m valuable wood n[ exi/+ is ! practical outcome ( 8 timely publication4 ,9 #afge1 appe>$ 8 ,t]ra3 a ,disc\rse ( ! ,e>? ,relat+ to ! ,culture & ! ,improvem5t ( x1 to ,vegetation & ! ,propagation ( ,plants4 ,! book by :i* he is mo/ popul>ly kn[n is 8 ,di>y & ,correspond5ce1 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ productions ( ! k9d4 ,besides its value z giv+ an insight into ! mann] ( life 9 ! fa%ionable society ( ! great] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 x is ( importance z an indep5d5t *ronicle ( ! public ev5ts ( ! day4 ,! "w :i* has ! mo/ int]e/ & value = u is 8 ,acet>ia 7,salads1 or ,h]bs eat5 ) v9eg>71 9 :i* ! au?or pr(esses 8 fai? 9 ! tru? & excell5ce ( ! ,veget>ian diet4 ,un=tunately1 accord+ to ! usual p]v]sity ( lit]>y ent]prise1 x is "o ( ^? few books :i*1 repres5t+ "s pr(\nd] tru?1 are nev]!less ! mo/ neglect$ by ^? :o und]take to supply ! m5tal & moral ne$s ( ! read+ public4 ,evelyn held _m high po/s "u ! v>y+ ,gov]nm5ts ( ! day2 & be+1 by tradition & connexion1 atta*$ to ! mon>*ical p>ty1 he attract$ 7contr>y to ! g5]al exp]i5ce7 ! grateful recognition ( ! re/or$ dyna/y4 ,hav+ adduc$ o!r argum5ts = ab/95ce f fle%1 ,evelyn cont9ues3-- 8,& n[1 aft] all we h advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ! h]bace\s diet1 !re /ill em]ges ano!r inquiry1 viz41 :e!r ! use ( crude h]bs & plants is s :olesome z is alleg$8 ,:at op9ion ! pr9ce ( physicians _h ( !m we %all see h]eaft]2 z also :at ! sacr$ records ( old5 times seem to inf]1 be=e !re 7 any fle%-%ambles 9 ! _w2 toge!r ) ! reports ( su* z are (t5 conv]sant among _m nations & p1 :o1 to ?is day1 liv+ on h]bs & roots1 arrive to an incr$ible age 9 con/ant heal? & vig\r1 :i*1 :e!r attributable to ! air & climate1 cu/om1 con/itution1 c41 %\ld be inquir$ into40 ,c>dan--! pseudo-savant ( ! sixte5? c5tury--_h writt51 x seems1 9 fav\r ( fle%-meat4 ,evelyn in=ms u t3-- 8,?is1 ! alleg$ sup]iority ( fle% 8 le>n$ antagoni/1 utt]ly d5ies4 ,:ole nations--fle% dev\r]s1 su* z ! f>!/ nor!rn--become heavy1 dull1 inactive1 & mu* m /upid ?an ! s\!rn2 & su* z fe$ m on plants are m acute1 subtle1 & ( deep] p5etration4 ,witness ! ,*aldeans1 ,assyrians1 ,egyptians1 c4 ,& he fur!r argues f ! %ort lives ( mo/ c>nivor\s animals1 comp>$ ) grass fe$]s1 & ! rum9at+ k9d1 z ! ,h>t1 ,camel1 & ! longvus ,elephant1 & o!r fe$]s on roots & vegetables4 8,z soon z old ,p>r came to *ange 8 simple homely diet to t ( ! ,c\rt & ,arundel ,h\se1 he quickly sank & droop$ away2 =1 z we h %ewn1 ! /oma* easily concocts pla9 & famili> food1 b f9ds x a h>d & difficult task to vanqui% & ov]come meats ( diff]5t sub/ances4 ,:5ce we s (t5 see temp]ate & ab/emi\s p]sons ( a collegiate diet ( a di/ant age1 we mu/ suppose v heal?y2 husb&m5 & labori\s p m robu/ & long]-liv$ ?an o!rs ( an unc]ta91 extravagant habit40 ,he appeals to ! biblical rev]5ce ( 8 read]s1 & tells !m3-- 8,c]ta9 x is1 ,almighty ,god orda9+ h]bs & fruit = ! food ( man1 speaks n a ^w conc]n+ fle% = two ?\s& ye>s2 & :5 aft]1 by ! ,mosaic con/itution1 !re 7 di/9ctions & prohibitions ab\t ! legal uncleanness ( animals1 plants ( :at k9d soev] 7 left free & indiff]5t = ev]yone to *oose :at be/ he lik$4 ,& :at if x 0 held indec5t & unbecom+ ! excell5cy ( man's nature1 be=e s9 ent]$ & grew enorm\sly wick$1 t any creature %\ld be put to dea? & pa9 = him :o _h su* inf9ite /ore ( ! mo/ delici\s & n\ri%+ fruit to delight1 & ! tree ( life to su/a9 him8 ,d\btless !re 0 no ne$ ( x4 ,infants s\ght ! "m's nipples z soon z born1 & :5 gr[n & able to fe$ !mselves1 ran naturally to fruit1 & /ill w *oose to eat x r ?an fle%1 & c]ta9ly might s p]si/ to d1 did n ,cu/om prevail ev5 aga9/ ! v dictates ( ,nature4#abi 8,& n[ to recapitulate :at o!r pr]ogatives ! hortulan provision has be5 celebrat$ = besides its antiquity1 & ! heal? & longevity ( ! ant$iluvians--viz41 t temp]ance1 frugality1 leisure1 ease1 & innum]able o!r virtues & advantages :i* accompany x1 are no less attributable to x4 ,let u he> our excell5t botani/1 ,mr4 ,ray40 ,he !n quotes ! pr(ession ( fai? ( ! fa!r ( ,engli% botany & zoology2 & goes on eloqu5tly to expatiate on ! v>i$ pleasures ( a non-fle% & fruit diet3-- 8,to ?is might we add t transport+ consid]ation1 becom+ bo? our v5]ation & admiration1 ( ! inf9itely wise & glori\s ,au?or ( ,nature1 :o has giv5 to plants su* a/oni%+ prop]ties2 su* fi]y heat 9 "s to w>m & *]i%2 su* coolness 9 o!rs to temp] & refre%2 su* p+uid juice to n\ri% & fe$ ! body2 su* quick5+ acids to compel ! appetite1 & grateful vehicles to c\rt ! ob$i5ce ( ! palate2 su* vig\r to r5ew & support our natural /r5g?2 su* ravi%+ flav\rs & p]fumes to recreate & delight u2 9 %ort1 su* spiritu\s & active =ce to animate & revive e "p & faculty to all k9ds ( human &1 ,i _h almo/ said1 heav5ly capacity4 8,:at %all we add m8 ,our g>d5s pres5t u ) !m all3 &1 :ile ! ,%ambles are cov]$ ) gore & /5*1 our ,salads escape ! insults ( ! summ]-fly1 purify & w>m ! blood aga9/ w9t] rage4 ,nor wants !re v>iety 9 m abundance ?an any ( ! =m] ages c\ld %[40 ,evelyn produces an impos+ array ( ! 8,old ,fa!rs03-- 8,9 %ort1 s v _m1 especially ( ! ,*ri/ian pr(ession1 advocate x ! bloodless food t "s ev5 ( ! anci5t fa!rs !mselves h ?\ght t ! p]mission ( eat+ fle% to ,noah & 8 sons 0 grant$ !m no o!rwise ?an repudiation ( wives 0 to ! ,jews--namely--= ! h>dness ( _! he>ts & to satisfy a murmur+ g5]ation40#acj ,he is 8p]suad$ t m blood has be5 %$ betwe5 ,*ri/ians0 ?r\gh addiction to ! sangu9>y food ?an by any o!r cause3-- 8,n t ,i impute x only to our eat+ blood2 b ,i sometimes wond] h[ x happ5$ t s /rict1 s solemn1 & fam\s a sanction--n ^u a c]emonial acc\nt1 b 7z "s affirm7 a moral & p]petual "o1 = :i* also !re seem to be fair] pro(s ?an = mo/ o!r controv]sies agitat$ among/ ,*ri/ians--%\ld be s g5]ally =gott51 & give place to s _m o!r imp]t95t disputes & cavils ab\t sup]/iti\s fopp]ies :i* frequ5tly end 9 blood & cutt+ ( ?roats40#aca ,x is opportune "h to ref] to ! s5tim5ts ( ,evelyn's contempor>y & political & ecclesia/ical opposite--! great ,puritan poet & patriot--"o ( ! v greate/ names 9 all lit]ature4 ,milton's feel+1 s f> z he _h occasion to express x1 is q 9 unison ) ! pr9ciples ( dietetic re=m1 & 9 sympa?y ) aspirations aft] ! m spiritual life4 ,9 "o ( 8 e>lie/ writ+s1 on ! eve ( ! production ( "o ( ! f9e/ poems ( its k9d 9 ! ,engli% language--! ,ode to ,*ri/'s ,nativity1 compos$ at ! age ( tw5ty-"o--he ?us writes 9 ,lat9 v]se to 8 fri5d ,*>les ,deodati1 recomm5d+ ! pur] diet at all ev5ts to ^? :o aspir$ to ! nobl] creations ( poetry3-- 8,simply let ^?1 l him ( ,samos1 live3 ,let h]bs to !m a bloodless banquet give4 ,9 bee*5 goblets let _! bev]age %9e1 ,cool f ! cry/al spr+ _! sob] w9e6 ,_! y\? %\ld pass 9 innoc5ce secure ,f /a9 lic5ti\s1 & 9 mann]s pure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ^! are sacr$ b>ds &1 f above1 ,dr9k l>ge infusions f ! m9d ( ,jove40#acb ,to read]s ( 8 ma/]-piece ! ,p>adise ,lo/1 x is p]haps a "w ( sup]]ogation to po9t out ! *>m+ passages 9 :i* he sympa!tically describes ! food ( ! ,age ( ,innoc5ce3-- 8,sav\ry fruits1 ( ta/e to please ,true appetites40 ,9 ,raphael's disc\rse ) 8 t]re/rial ent]ta9]s1 ! e!real mess5g] utt]s a prophecy 7z we may take x7 ( ! future g5]al adoption by our race ( 8fruit1 man's n\ri%m5t10 & we may int]pret 8 intimation3-- 8"t may come :5 m5 ,) angels may p>ticipate1 & f9d ,no inconv5i5t diet1 nor too light f>e4 ,& f ^? corporal nutrim5ts p]haps ,y\r bodies may at la/ turn all to _s1 ,improv$ by tract ( "t1 & w+$ asc5d ,e!real z we2 or may1 at *oice1 ,"h1 or 9 heav5ly p>adises1 dwell10 z a picture ( ! true e>?ly p>adise to be--8! ,p>adise ( ,peace40 ,) ^! exquisite pictures ( ! life ( bloodless fea/s & ambrosial food we may comp>e ! fe>ful picture ( ! ,c\rt ( ,dea?1 display$ 9 prospective vision be=e ! t]ror-/rick5 gaze ( ! traditional prog5itor ( our species1 :]e1 among/ ! occupants1 ! l>ge/ numb] are ! victims ( 8intemp]ance 9 meats & dr9ks1 :i* on ! e>? %all br+ diseases dire40 ,9 ?is univ]sal laz>-h\se might be se5-- 8all maladies ,( gha/ly ,spasm1 or rack+ torture1 ,qualms ,( he>t-sick agony1 all ,fev]\s k9ds1 ,convulsions1 ,epilepsies1 fi]ce ,cat>rhs1 ,inte/9e ,/one & ,ulc]1 ,colic pangs1 ,demoniac ,phr5sy1 mop+ ,melan*oly1 ,& moon-/ruck ,madness1 p9+ ,atrophy1 ,m>asmus1 & wide-wa/+ ,pe/il5ce1 ,dropsies & ,a/hmas1 & jo9t-rack+ ,rheums40#acc ,v diff]5t1 9 o!r respects1 f ^? ( ! au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,engl& ! s5tim5ts ( 8 celebrat$ contempor>y ,bossuet1 ^: eloqu5ce ga9$ = him ! di/+ui%+ title ( ! 8,eagle ( ,maux10 z to ! degrad+ "* ( ! preval5t human n\ri%m5t 9 ! ,we/]n _w1 are suffici5tly rem>kable to des]ve "s notice4 ,! ,oraisons ,funbres &1 p>ticul>ly1 8 ,disc\rs sur ,l',hi/oire ,univ]selle h entitl$ him to a high rank 9 ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,b a s+le passage 9 ! la/ "w1 we %all readily admit1 does m cr$it to 8 he>t ?an 8 mo/ eloqu5t ef=ts 9 oratory or lit]ature d to 8 intellect4 ,t1 9 common ) o!r !ologians1 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant1 he has ?\ght x necess>y to assume ! int]v5tion ( ! ,deity to sanction ! su/5ance ( human life by ! de/ruction ( o!r innoc5t life1 does n affect ! weight ( intr9sic evid5ce d]ivable f ! natural feel+ z to ! debas+ influ5ce ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se4 ,x is ?us t he1 impli$ly at lea/1 condemns ! b>b>\s practice3-- 8,be=e ! "t ( ! ,deluge ! n\ri%m5t :i* )\t viol5ce m5 d]iv$ f ! fruits :i* fell f ! trees ( !mselves1 & f ! h]bs :i* also rip5$ ) equal ease1 01 )\t d\bt1 "s relic ( ! fir/ innoc5ce & ( ! g5tl5ess 7d\ceur7 = :i* we 7 =m$4 ,n[ to get food we h to %$ blood 9 spite ( ! horror :i* x naturally inspires 9 u2 & all ! ref9em5ts ( :i* we avail ourselves1 9 cov]+ our tables1 h>dly suffice to disguise = u ! bloody corpses :i* we h to dev\r to support life4 ,b ?is is b ! lea/ "p ( our mis]y4 ,life1 already %ort5$1 is /ill fur!r abridg$ by ! savage viol5ces :i* are introduc$ into ! life ( ! human species4 ,man1 :om 9 ! fir/ ages we h se5 sp>e ! life ( o!r animals1 is accu/om$ h5ce=w>d to sp>e ! life n ev5 ( 8 fell[-m54 ,x is 9 va9 t ,god =bade1 imm$iately aft] ! ,deluge1 ! %$d+ ( human blood2 9 va91 9 ord] to save "s ve/iges ( ! fir/ mildness ( our nature1 :ile p]mitt+ ! fe$+ on fle% did he prohibit consumption ( ! blood4 ,human murd]s multipli$ beyond all calculation40 ,bossuet1 a few pages lat]1 arrives at ! necess>y & natural consequ5ce ( ! murd] ( o!r animals1 :5 he records t 8! brutalis$ human race c\ld no long] rise to ! true contemplation ( intellectual ?+s40#acd ,,xvii4 ,,b]n>d ,,de ,,m&eville4 #afgj-agcc4 ,! mo/ p>adoxical ( morali/s1 born at ,dort1 9 ,holl&4 ,he 0 br\ght up to ! pr(ession ( m$ic9e1 & took ! degree ( ,m4,d4 ,he aft]w>ds settl$ & practis$ 9 ,london4 ,x 0 9 #agad t he publi%$ 8 %ort poem call$ ,! ,grumbl+ ,hive3 or1 ,knaves ,turn$ ,hone/1 to :i* he aft]w>ds add$ long explanatory notes1 & !n republi%$ ! :ole "u ! new & celebrat$ title ( ,! ,fable ( ! ,bees4 ,?is "w 8:i*1 h[ev] errone\s may be its views ( morals & ( society1 is writt5 9 a prop] /yle1 & be>s all ! m>ks ( an hone/ & s9c]e inquiry on an important subject1 expos$ its au?or to mu* obloquy1 & met ) answ]s & attacks4444 ,x w\ld appe> t "s ( ! ho/ility aga9/ ?is "w1 & aga9/ ,m&eville g5]ally1 is to be trac$ to ano!r publication1 recomm5d+ ! public lic5s+ ( #8/ews1' ! matt] & mann] ( :i* are c]ta9ly exceptionable1 ?\gh1 at ! same "t1 x mu/ be /at$ t ,m&eville e>ne/ly & ) seem+ s9c]ity comm5ds 8 plan z a means ( dim9i%+ immorality1 & t he endeav\r$1 s f> z lay 9 8 p[]1 by affix+ a high price & 9 o!r ways1 to prev5t ! "w f hav+ a g5]al circulation40 ,9 fact1 ,m&eville is "o ( ^? injudici\s b well-mean+ re=m]s :o1 by _! prop5sity to p]v]se p>adox1 h injur$ at once _! reputation & _! usefulness = aft] times4 ,a second "p ( ,! ,fable appe>$ at a lat] p]iod4 ,among/ o!r num]\s writ+s 7 two entitl$1 ,free ,?\ghts on ,religion1 ! ,*ur*1 & ,national ,happ9ess1 & ,an ,enquiry into ! ,orig9 ( ,hon\r1 & ! ,usefulness ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,w>4 ,he appe>s to h be5 enabl$ to pursue 8 lit]>y c>e] 9 great measure by ! lib]ality ( 8 ,dut* fri5ds1 & he 0 a con/ant gue/ ( ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,macclesfield4 8,! ,fable ( ! ,bees2 or1 ,private ,vices ,public ,b5efits may be receiv$ 9 two ways10 says ! writ] 9 ! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia1 :om we h already quot$1 8z a satire on m51 & z a !ory ( society & national prosp]ity4 ,s f> z x is a satire1 x is suffici5tly j & pleasant1 b receiv$ 9 its m ambiti\s "* ( a !ory ( society1 x is altoge!r wor?less4 ,x is ,m&eville's object to %[ t national greatness dep5ds on ! preval5ce ( fraud & luxury2 & = ?is purpose he supposes #8a va/ hive ( bees' possess+ 9 all respects in/itutions simil> to ^? ( m52 he details ! v>i\s frauds1 simil> to ^? among m51 practis$ by bees "o ^u ano!r 9 v>i\s pr(essions4444 ,8 hive ( bees hav+ ?us become weal?y & great1 he aft]w>ds supposes a mutual jeal\sy ( frauds to arise1 & ,fraud to be1 by common cons5t1 dismiss$2 & he aga9 assumes t weal? & luxury imm$iately disappe>1 & t ! greatness ( ! society is gone40 ,= our "p1 9 place ( 8greatness10 we %\ld h r writt5 mis]y1 z f> z conc]ns ! mass ( communities4 ,/range1 z x may appe>1 t views ( ?is k9d %\ld be s]i\sly put =?1 8x is yet m s t !y %\ld come f "o ^: object always 01 h[ev] /range ! way 9 :i* he set ab\t x1 to promote good morals1 = !re is no?+ 9 ,m&eville's writ+s to w>rant ! belief t he s\ght to enc\rage vice40#ace ,m&eville1 l ,swift1 9 ! piece entitl$ ,an ,argum5t aga9/ ,aboli%+ ,*ri/ianity2 or l ,de ,foe1 9 8 ,%orte/ ,way ) ! ,diss5t]s1 :i* 7 tak5 au srieux almo/ univ]sally at ! "t ( _! appe>ance1 may h us$ ! /yle ( grave irony1 s f> z ! l>g] portion ( 8 ,fable is conc]n$1 = ! purpose ( mak+ a /rong] impression on ! public consci5ce4 ,if su* 7 8 purpose1 ! irony is s pr(\nd t x has miss$ its aim4 ,yet t 8 purpose 0 true & e>ne/ is suffici5tly evid5t 9 8 op9ion ( ! practice ( slaught]+ = food3-- 8,i h (t5 ?\ght writes ,m&eville if x 0 n = ! tyranny :i* ,cu/om usurps ov] u1 t m5 ( any tol]able good nature c\ld nev] be reconcil$ to ! kill+ ( s _m animals = _! daily food1 s long z ! b\ntiful ,e>? s pl5tifully provides !m ) v>ieties ( vegetable da9ties4 ,i "k t ,reason excites our compassion b fa9tly1 & !re=e ,i d n wond] h[ m5 %\ld s little commis]ate su* imp]fect creatures z cray-fi%1 oy/]s1 cockles1 &1 inde$1 all fi% 9 g5]al1 z !y are mute1 & _! inw>d =mation1 z well z outw>d figure1 va/ly diff]5t f ours3 !y express !mselves un9tellig5tly to u1 & !re=e 'tis n /range t _! grief %\ld n affect our und]/&+ :i* x _c rea*2 = no?+ /irs u to pity s effectually z :5 ! symptoms ( mis]y /rike imm$iately ^u our s5ses1 & ,i h se5 p mov$ at ! noise a live lob/] makes ^u ! spit :o c\ld h kill$ half a doz5 f[ls ) pleasure4 8,b 9 su* p]fect animals z ,%eep & ,ox51 9 :om ! he>t1 ! bra91 & ! n]ves diff] s little f ours1 & 9 :om ! sep>ation ( ! spirits f ! blood1 ! organs ( s5se1 &1 consequ5tly1 feel+ itself1 are ! same z !y are 9 human creatures1 ,i _c imag9e h[ a man n h>d5$ 9 blood & massacre1 is able to see a viol5t dea?1 & ! pangs ( x1 )\t conc]n4 8,9 answ] to ?is he cont9ues1 mo/ p w ?9k x suffici5t to say t ?+s be+ all[$ to be made = ! s]vice ( man1 !re c be no cruelty 9 putt+ creatures to ! use !y 7 design$ =1#acf b ,i h he>d m5 make ?is reply1 :ile ! nature )9 !m has reproa*$ !m ) ! falsehood ( ! ass]tion4 8,!re is ( all ! multitude n "o man 9 t5 b w own 7if he has n be5 br\ght up 9 a slaught]-h\se7 t ( all trades he c\ld nev] h be5 a but*]2 & ,i "q :e!r ev] anybody s mu* z kill$ a *ick5 )\t reluctancy ! fir/ "t4 ,"s p are n to be p]suad$ to ta/e ( any creatures !y h daily se5 & be5 acqua9t$ ) :ile !y 7 alive2 o!rs ext5d _! scruples no fur!r ?an to _! own p\ltry1 & refuse to eat :at !y f$ & took c>e ( !mselves2 yet all ( !m fe$ he>tily & )\t remorse on beef1 mutton1 & f[ls :5 !y are b\ght 9 ! m>ket4 ,9 ?is behavi\r1 me?9ks1 !re appe>s some?+ l a consci\sness ( guilt2 x looks z if !y endeav\r$ to save !mselves f ! imputation ( a crime 7:i* !y "k /icks some:]e7 by remov+ ! cause ( x z f> z !y c f !mselves2 & ,i discov] 9 x "s /rong m>ks ( primitive pity & innoc5ce1 :i* all ! arbitr>y p[] ( ,cu/om1 & ! viol5ce ( ,luxury1 h n yet be5 able to conqu]40#acg ,,xviii4 ,,gay4 #afhh-agcb4 ,! intimate fri5d ( ,pope & ,swift is be/ kn[n by 8 *>m+ & in/ructive ,fables4 ,he 0 born at ,b>n/aple1 9 ,devon%ire1 & belong$ to ! old family ( ! ,le ,gays ( t c\nty4 ,8 fa!r1 r$uc$ 9 means1 appr5tic$ him to a silk m]c] 9 ! ,/r&1 ,london1 9 ^: employm5t he did n long rema94 ,! fir/ ( 8 poems1 ,rural ,sports1 appe>$ 9 #agaa4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he became secret>y to ! ,du*ess ( ,monm\?1 & he s]v$ = a %ort "t z secret>y to ! ,engli% embassy 9 ,hanov]4 ,8 next "w 0 8 ,%eph]d's ,week1 9 ,six ,pa/orals1 9 :i* he ridicules ! s5tim5tality ( ! 8pa/orals0 ( 8 own & prec$+ age4 ,x conta9s mu* naturalness z well z hum\r1 & x 0 ! precursor ( ,crabbe's rural sket*es4 ,9 #agbf he publi%$ ! mo/ successful ( 8 works1 ! ,begg>s' ,op]a--! idea ( :i* _h be5 sugge/$ to him by ! ,dean ( ,/4 ,patrick's4 ,x 0 receiv$ ) unb\nd$ applause1 & x orig9at$ ! 7s-call$7 ,engli% op]a1 :i* = a "t supplant$ ! ,italian4 ,! ,fables fir/ appe>$ 9 #agbf4 ,!y 7 supplem5t$ aft]w>ds by o!rs1 & ! volume 0 d$icat$ to ! "y ,duke ( ,cumb]l&1 fam\s 9 aft] ye>s by 8 suppression ( ! ,highl& ris+ ( #agde4 ,gay's dea?1 :i* happ5$ sudd5ly1 call$ =? ! s9c]e lam5ts ( 8 devot$ fri5ds ,swift & ,pope4 ,! =m]1 9 8 lett]s1 frequ5tly ref]s to 8 loss ) deep feel+2 & ,pope has *>act]is$ him z-- 8,( mann]s g5tle1 ( affections mild-- ,9 wit a man1 simplicity a *ild40 ,( 8 ,fables--! be/ 9 ! language--"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ is ! well-kn[n ,h>e & ,_m ,fri5ds1 9 :i* he seems to record "s ( 8 own exp]i5ces4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,dea?1 sugge/$ probably by ,milton's f9e passage 9 ! ,p>adise ,lo/1 is "o ( 8 mo/ =cible4 ,:5 ! pr9cipal ,diseases h sev]ally advanc$ _! claims to pre-em95ce1 ,dea? calls ^u ,intemp]ance3-- 8,all spoke _! claim1 & hop$ ! w&4 ,n[ expectation hu%$ ! b&1 ,:5 ?us ! mon>* f ! ?rone3 ,m]it 0 ev] mode/ kn[n-- ,:at6 no physician speak 8 "r6 ,none "h8 ,b fees _! toils requite4 ,let !n ,intemp]ance take ! w&1 ,:o fills ) gold _! jeal\s h&4 ,y1 ,fev]1 ,g\t1 & all ! re/ 7,:om w>y m5 z foes dete/7 ,=ego y\r claim4 ,no m pret5d-- ,intemp]ance is e/eem$ a fri5d4 ,he %>es _! mir?1 _! social joys1 ,& z a c\rt$ gue/ de/roys4 ,! *>ge on him mu/ ju/ly fall ,:o f9ds employm5t = y all40 ,x is 9 ! foll[+ fable t ,gay especially satirises ! sangu9>y diet3-- 8,py?agoras rose at e>ly dawn1 ,by so>+ m$itation drawn2 ,to brea! ! fragrance ( ! day1 ,?r\gh fl['ry fields he took 8 way4 ,9 mus+ contemplation w>m1 ,8 /eps misl$ him to a f>m3 ,:]e1 on ! ladd]'s topmo/ r\nd1 ,a peasant /ood4 ,! hamm]'s s\nd ,%ook ! weak b>n4 #8,say1 fri5d1 :at c>e ,calls = ?y hone/ lab\r !re8' 8,! cl[n1 ) surly voice1 replies3 #8,v5geance al\d = ju/ice cries4 ,?is kite1 by daily rap9e f$1 ,my h5s' annoy1 my turkeys' dread1 ,at l5g? 8 =feit life ha? paid4 ,see on ! wall 8 w+s display$1 ,"h nail$1 a t]ror to 8 k9d4 ,my f[ls %all future safety f9d1 ,my y>d ! ?riv+ p\ltry fe$1 ,& my b>n's refuse fat ! bre$4' 8#8,fri5d1' says ! ,sage1 #8! doom is wise-- ,= public good ! murd]] dies4 ,b if ^! tyrants ( ! air ,dem& a s5t5ce s sev]e1 ,?9k h[ ! glutton1 man1 dev\rs2 ,:at bloody fea/s regale 8 h\rs6 ,o impud5ce ( ,p[] & ,might6 ,?us to condemn a hawk or kite1 ,:5 ?\1 p]haps1 c>nivor\s s9n]1 ,_h'/ pullets ye/]day = d9n]4' 8#8,hold6' cri$ ! cl[n1 ) passion heat$1 #8,%all kites & m5 alike be treat$8 ,:5 heav5 ! _w ) creatures /or$1 ,man 0 orda9$ _! sov]eign "l4' #8,?us tyrants boa/1' ! ,sage repli$1 #8,^: murd]s spr+ f p[] & pride4 ,own !n ?is man-l kite is sla9 ,?y great] luxury to su/a9-- ,= petty rogues submit to fate ,t great ones may enjoy _! /ate4'0#ach ,?is is n ! only apologue 9 :i* ! rhym+ morali/ exposes at once ! inconsi/5cy & ! inju/ice ( ! human animal :o1 himself *oos+ to live by slaught]1 yet hypocritically /igmatises ) ! epi!ts 8cruel0 & 8blood?ir/y0 ^? animals :om ,nature has evid5tly design$ to be pr$ace\s4 ,9 ,! ,%eph]d's ,dog & ! ,wolf he repres5ts ! =m] upbraid+ ! ravi%] ( ! %eepfolds = attack+ 8a weak1 def5celess k9d03-- 8#8,fri5d1' says ! ,wolf1 #8! matt] weigh3 ,nature design$ u bea/s ( prey4 ,z su*1 :5 hung] f9ds a treat1 ',tis necess>y wolves %\ld eat4 ,if1 m9dful ( ! bleat+ weal1 ,?y bosom burn ) real zeal1 ,h5ce1 & ?y tyrant "l besee*-- ,to him repeat ?y mov+ spee*4 ,a wolf eats %eep b n[ & !n-- ,t5 ?\s&s are dev\r$ by m56 ,an op5 foe may prove a curse1 ,b a pret5d$ fri5d is worse4'0 ,9 ,! ,philosoph] & ! ,pheasants ! same tru? is convey$ ) equal =ce3-- 8,drawn by ! music ( ! groves1 ,along ! w9d+ gloom he roves4 ,f tree to tree ! w>bl+ ?roats ,prolong ! sweet1 alt]nate notes4 ,b :]e he pass$ he t]ror ?rew2 ,! song broke %ort--! w>bl]s flew3 ,! ?ru%es *att]$ ) affright1 ,& night+ales abhorr$ 8 sight4 ,all animals be=e him ran1 ,to %un ! hateful sight ( man4 #8,:5ce is ?is dread ( e creature8 ,fly !y our figure or our nature8' ,z ?us he walk$1 9 mus+ ?\ght1 ,8 e> imp]fect acc5ts caught4 ,) cauti\s /ep1 he ne>] drew1 ,by ! ?ick %ade conceal$ f view4 ,high on ! bran* a ,pheasant /ood1 ,ar\nd h] all h] li/5+ brood3 ,pr\d ( ! bless+s ( h] ne/1 ,%e ?us a "m's c>e express$3-- #8,no dang]s "h %all circumv5t2 ,)9 ! woods enjoy cont5t4 ,soon] ! hawk or vulture tru/ ,?an man1 ( animals ! wor/4 ,9 him +ratitude y f9d-- ,a vice peculi> to ! k9d4 ,! ,%eep1 ^: annual fleece is dy$ ,to gu>d 8 heal? & s]ve 8 pride1 ,=c$ f 8 fold & native pla91 ,is 9 ! cruel %ambles sla94 ,! sw>ms :o1 ) indu/ri\s skill1 ,8 hives ) wax & honey fill1 ,9 va9 :ole summ] days employ$-- ,_! /ores are sold1 _! race de/roy$4 ,:at tribute f ! ,goose is paid8 ,does n h] w+ all sci5ce aid8 ,does x n lov]s' he>ts expla91 ,& drudge to raise ! m]*ant's ga98 ,:at n[ rew>ds ?is g5]al use8 ,he takes ! quills & eats ! ,goose6'0 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ano!r p>able ,gay1 9 "s sort1 gives ! victims ( ! ,%ambles _! rev5ge3-- 8,aga9/ an elm a ,%eep 0 ti$3 ,! but*]'s knife 9 blood 0 dy$-- ,! pati5t flock1 9 sil5t fright1 ,f f> beheld ! horrid sight4 ,a savage ,bo>1 :o ne> !m /ood1 ,?us mock$ to scorn ! fleecy brood3-- #8,all c[>ds %\ld be s]v$ l y4 ,see1 see1 y\r murd]] is 9 view3 ,) purple h&s & reek+ knife1 ,he /rips ! sk9 yet w>m ) life4 ,y\r qu>t]$ sires1 y\r ble$+ dams1 ,! dy+ bleat ( h>mless lambs1 ,call = rev5ge4 ,o /upid race6 ,! he>t t wants rev5ge is base4' #8,i grant1' an anci5t ,ram replies1 #8,we be> no t]ror 9 our eyes4 ,yet ?9k u n ( s\l s tame1 ,:i* no repeat$ wrongs inflame-- ,ins5sible ( e ill1 ,because we want ?y tusks to kill-- ,"k1 ^? :o viol5ce pursue ,give to !mselves ! v5geance due1 ,= 9 ^! massacres !y f9d ,! two *ief plagues t wa/e mank9d-- ,our sk9 supplies ! wrangl+ b>3 ,x wakes _! slumb]+ sons to w>4 ,& well ,rev5ge may re/ cont5t$1 ,s9ce drums & p>*m5t 7 inv5t$4'0#aci ,,xix4 ,,*eyne4 #afga-agdc4 ,"o ( ! mo/ e/eem$ ( ,engli% physicians1 & "o ( ! fir/ m$ical au?orities 9 ?is c\ntry :o expressly wrote 9 advocacy ( ! re=m$ diet1 desc5d$ f an old ,scotti% family4 ,he /udi$ m$ic9e at ,ed9burgh--!n & /ill a pr9cipal s*ool ( m$ic9e & surg]y--:]e he 0 a pupil ( ,dr4 ,pitcairn4 ,at ab\t ! age ( ?irty he remov$ to ,london1 0 elect$ a ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 & took 8 ,m4,d4 degree1 comm5c+ practice 9 ! metropolis4 ,! mann] ( life ( a m$ical practition] 9 ! fir/ half ( ! la/ c5tury diff]$ consid]ably f ! pres5t fa%ion4 ,n only p]sonal incl9ation1 b ev5 pr(essional int]e/1 usually l$ him to frequ5t tav]ns & to indulge 9 all ! excesses ( 8good liv+20 = 9 su* boon companion%ip he mo/ easily laid ! f\ndation ( 8 practice4 ,*eyne's e>ly habits ( temp]ance ?us gave way to ! d\ble temptation1 & soon by ?is indulg5ce he contract$ pa9ful disord]s :i* ?reat5$ 8 life4 ,an enorm\s weight ( fle%1 int]mitt5t fev]s1 %ortness ( brea?1 & le?>gy comb9$ to enfeeble & depress him4 ,8 fir/ appe>ance 9 lit]ature 0 ! publication ( 8 ,new ,!ory ( ,fev]s1 writt5 9 def5ce & at ! sugge/ion ( 8 old ma/] ,dr4 ,pitcairn1 :o 0 at w> ) 8 bre?r5 on ! nature ( epidemics4 ,! au?or1 :ile 9 aft] life hold+ t x conta9$1 ?\gh 9 a crude =m1 "s valuable matt]1 wisely all[$ x to fall into oblivion4 ,! ,me*anical or ,iatro-,ma!matical ,!ory1 z x 0 call$1 ( :i* ,*eyne 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ di/+ui%$ exp\nd]s1 by :i* x 0 attempt$ to apply ! laws ( ,me*anics to vital ph5om5a1 _h succe$$ to ! pr9ciples ( ! old ,*emical ,s*ool4 ,on ! ,cont95t ! new !ory _h ! support ( ! em95t au?ority ( ,bo]haave1 ,borelli1 ,sauvages1 ,h(fman1 & o!rs4 ,! natural desire to discov] "s def9ite & simple =mul ( m$ical sci5ce lay at ! root ( ?is1 z ( _m o!r hypo!ses4 ,*eyne1 himself1 x is "r to obs]ve1 ridicul$ ! notion t all vital processes c be expla9$ on me*anical pr9ciples4 ,9 #agje he publi%$ 8 ,philosophical ,pr9ciples ( ,natural ,religion1 a book :i* _h "s repute 9 its day1 app>5tly1 s9ce x 0 9 use 9 ! ,univ]sities4 ,betwe5 ?is & 8 next essay 9 lit]ature a long int]val elaps$1 dur+ :i* he _h to pay ! p5alty ( 8 old habits 9 apoplectic gidd9ess1 viol5t heada*es1 & depression ( spirits4 ,happily1 x became = him ! turn+-po9t 9 8 life1 & ev5tually r5d]$ him s useful an in/ructor ( 8 k9d4 ,he _h n[ arriv$ at a consid]able am\nt ( reputation 9 ! pr(ession4 ,he seems to h be5 naturally ( agreeable mann]s & ( an amiable disposition1 z well z ( lively wit :i*1 improv$ by /udy & read+1 made him highly popul>2 & among/ 8 sci5tific & pr(essional fri5ds he 0 9 great e/eem4 ,he _h n[1 h[ev]--n too soon--det]m9$ to ab&on 8 bon-vivantism1 & spe$ily 8ev5 ^? :o _h %>$ ! be/ "p ( my pr(usions10 he tells u1 8:o1 9 _! necessities _h be5 reliev$ by my false g5]osity1 &1 9 _! disord]s1 be5 reliev$ by my c>e1 did n[ entirely rel9qui% & ab&on me40 ,he retir$ into solitude 9 ! c\ntry &1 almo/ mom5t>ily expect+ ! t]m9ation ( 8 life1 set himself to s]i\s & e>ne/ reflection on ! follies & vices ( ord9>y liv+4 ,at ?is "t x seems t1 al?\gh he _h r$uc$ 8 food to ! smalle/ possible am\nt1 he _h n altoge!r rel9qui%$ fle%-meat4 ,he repair$ to ,ba? = ! wat]s &1 by liv+ 9 ! mo/ temp]ate way & by con/ant & regul> ex]cise1 he seem$ to h rega9$ 8 e>ly heal?4 ,at ,ba? he devot$ himself to cases ( n]v\s diseases :i* mo/ ne>ly conc]n$ 8 own /ate1 & :i* 7 mo/ abundant at t fa%ionable resort4 ,ab\t ! ye> #agab1 or 9 ! =ty-second ye> ( 8 age1 8 heal? 0 fairly re-e/abli%$1 & he began to relax 9 ! milk & vegetable regim5 :i* he _h previ\sly adopt$4 ,8 next publication 0 ,an ,essay on ! ,g\t & ,ba? ,wat]s 7#agbj71 :i* pass$ ?r\gh sev5 editions 9 six ye>s4 ,9 x he comm5ds ! vegetable diet1 al?\gh n s radically z 9 8 late/ writ+s4 ,8 relaxation ( dietetic re=m quickly br\ght back 8 =m] maladies1 & he aga9 suff]$ sev]ely4 ,dur+ ! next t5 or twelve ye>s he cont9u$ to increase 9 corpul5cy1 until he at la/ rea*$ ! enorm\s weight ( ?irty-two /ones1 & he describes 8 condition at ?is "t z intol]able4#adj ,9 #agbe he left ,ba? = ,london1 to consult 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,arbu?not1 ^: advice probably r5ew$ & confirm$ 8 old incl9ation = ! rational mode ( liv+4 ,at all ev5ts1 )9 two ye>s1 by a /rict adh]5ce to ! milk & vegetable regim5 8 maladies f9ally disappe>$2 nor did he aft]w>ds suff] by any relapse into dietetic errors4 ,9 ! prec$+ ye> _h appe>$ 8 fir/ important & orig9al "w--8 well-kn[n ,essay ( ,heal? & a ,long ,life4 ,9 ! preface he decl>es t x is publi%$ = ! b5efit ( ^? weakly p]sons :o 8are able & will+ to ab/a9 f ev]y?+ hurtful1 & to d5y !mselves any?+ _! appetites crav$1 to con=m to any rules = a tol]able degree ( heal?1 ease1 & fre$om ( spirits4 ,x is = ^!1 & ^! only10 he proce$s1 8! foll[+ treatise is design$4 ,! robu/1 ! luxuri\s1 ! pot-companions1 c41 h "h no bus9ess2 _! "t is n yet come40 ,x is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to be "o ( ! be/ books on ! subject4 ,hall] pron\nc$ x to be 8! be/ ( all ! works be>+ ^u ! heal? ( s$5t>y p]sons & invalids40 ,x w5t ?r\gh sev]al editions 9 ! space ( two ye>s1 & 9 #agbf 0 enl>g$ by ! au?or & translat$ by 8 fri5d & pupil ,john ,rob]tson ,m4,a4 into ,lat91 & ?ree or f\r editions 7 quickly exhau/$ 9 ,france & ,g]many4 ,9 ?is book1 :ile r$uc+ fle%-meat to a m9imum1 & insi/+ ^u ! necessity ( ab/95ce f gross] food & ( ! use ( vegetables only1 at ! morn+ & ev5+ meals1 he _h n advanc$ z yet s f> z to prea* ! tru? 9 its entirety4 ,he arriv$ at x only by sl[ & gradual conviction4 ,expatiat+ on ! follies & mis]ies ( bon-vivantism1 he proce$s to affirm t-- 8,all ^? :o h liv$ long1 & )\t mu* pa91 h liv$ ab/emi\sly1 poor1 & meagre4 ,corn>o prolong$ 8 life & pres]v$ 8 s5ses by almo/ />v+ 9 8 latt] days2 & "s o!rs h done ! l4 ,!y h1 inde$1 !reby1 9 "s measure1 weak5$ _! natural /r5g? & qualifi$ ! fire & flux ( _! spirits1 b !y h pres]v$ _! s5ses1 weak5$ _! pa9s1 prolong$ _! days1 & procur$ !mselves a g5tle & quiet passage into ano!r /ate4444 ,all ! re/ w be insuffici5t )\t ?is a frugal diet2 & ?is alone1 )\t ^! m$ic9es1 c41 w suffice to c>ry on life z long z by its natural flame x 0 made to la/1 & w make ! passage easy & calm1 z a tap] goes out = want ( fuel40 ,:ile ! ,essay ( ,heal? add$ greatly to 8 reputation ) all ?9k+ p1 x also expos$ him 7z 0 to be expect$7 to a /orm ( small wit1 ridicule1 & misrepres5tation3-- 8,"s good-natur$ & +5i\s reta9]s to ! ,pr(ession10 he tells u1 8on ! publication ( my book on ,long ,life & ,heal?1 proclaim$ ev]y:]e t ,i 0 turn$ m]e en?usia/1 advis$ p to turn monks1 to run into des]ts1 & to live on roots1 h]bs1 & wild fruits6 9 f9e1 t ,i 01 at bottom1 a m]e levell]1 & = de/roy+ ord]1 ranks1 & prop]ty1 ev]yone's b my own4 ,b t sne] _h its day1 & vani%$ into smoke4 ,o!rs swore t ,i _h eat5 my book1 recant$ my doctr9e & sy/em 7z !y 7 pleas$ to t]m x71 & 0 return$ aga9 to ! devil1 ! _w1 & ! fle%4 ,?is joke ,i h also /ood4 ,i h be5 sla9 aga9 & aga91 bo? 9 prose & v]se2 b1 ,i ?ank ,god1 ,i am /ill alive & well40 ,8 next publication 0 8 ,engli% ,malady3 or1 a ,treatise ( ,n]v\s ,diseases ( all k9ds1 :i* 0 also well receiv$1 go+ ?r\gh f\r editions 9 two ye>s4 ,! incessant ridicule ) :i* ! g\rm&s _h assail$ 8 la/ "w seems to h made him cauti\s 9 8 next attempt to revolutionise dietetics2 & he is c>eful to adv]tise ! public t 8 milk & vegetable sy/em 0 = ^? 9 weak heal? only4 ,d5\nc+ ! use ( sauces & provocatives ( unnatural appetite1 8contriv$ n only to r\se a sickly /oma* to receive ! unnatural load1 b to r5d] a naturally good "o incapable ( kn[+ :5 x has en\gh10 he asks1 8,is x any wond] !n t ! diseases :i* proce$ f idl5ess & fulness ( meat %\ld increase 9 proportion80 ,he is bold en\gh by ?is "t to affirm t1 = ! cure ( _m diseases1 an entire ab/95ce f fle% is indisputably necess>y3-- 8,!re are "s cases :]e9 a vegetable & milk diet seems absolutely necess>y1 z 9 sev]e & habitual g\ts1 rheumatisms1 canc]\s1 lepr\s1 & scr(ul\s disord]s2 extreme n]v\s colics1 epilepsies1 viol5t hy/]ic fits1 melan*oly1 consumptions 7& ! l disord]s1 m5tion$ 9 ! preface71 & t[>ds ! la/ /ages ( all *ronic di/emp]s4 ,9 su* di/emp]s ,i h seldom se5 su* a diet fail ( a good effect at la/40 ,six ye>s lat]1 9 #agdj1 appe>$ 8 ,essay on ,regim53 toge!r ) ,five ,disc\rses ,m$ical ,moral & ,philosophical1 c4 ,s9ce 8 la/ exhortation to ! _w ,*eyne _h evid5tly conv9c$ himself1 by long exp]i5ce z well z reflection1 ( ! great sup]iority ( ! vegetable diet = all--s\nd z well z sick2 &1 accord+ly1 he speaks 9 /rong & cle> language ( ! importance ( a g5]al re=m4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is pla9 speak+1 8 new book met ) a comp>atively cold reception4 ,p]haps1 too1 its ma!matical & some:at ab/ruse tone may h affect$ its popul>ity4 ,z reg>ds its moral tone x 0 a new revelation1 d\btless1 = ! va/ majority ( 8 read]s4 ,he boldly ass]ts3-- 8,! "q ,i design to treat ( "h is1 :e!r animal or vegetable food 01 9 ! orig9al design ( ! ,creator1 int5d$ = ! food ( animals1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! human race4 ,& ,i am almo/ conv9c$ x nev] 0 int5d$1 b only p]mitt$ z a curse or puni%m5t4444 ,at :at "t animal fle% food came fir/ 9 use is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,he 0 a bold man :o made ! fir/ exp]im5t4 ,illi robur et s triplex ,circa pectus erat4 ,to see ! convulsions1 agonies1 & tortures ( a poor fell[-creature1 :om !y _c re/ore nor recomp5se1 dy+ to gratify luxury1 & tickle call\s & rank organs1 mu/ require a rocky he>t1 & a great degree ( cruelty & f]ocity4 ,i _c f9d any great diff]5ce1 on ! foot ( natural reason & equity only1 betwe5 fe$+ on human fle% & fe$+ on brute animal fle%1 except cu/om & example4 ,i believe "s m rational creatures w\ld suff] less 9 be+ fairly but*]$ ?an a /rong ,ox or r$ ,de]2 &1 9 natural morality & ju/ice1 ! degrees ( pa9 "h make ! ess5tial diff]5ce1 = z to o!r diff]5ces1 !y are relative only1 & c be ( no influ5ce ) an inf9itely p]fect ,be+4 ,did n use & example weak5 ?is lesson1 & make ! diff]5ce1 reason alone c\ld nev] d x40--,essay on ,regim51 c4 #hvo4 #agdj4 ,pages #ed & #gj4 ,noble & c\rage\s words6 ,c\rage\s z com+ f an em95t memb] ( a pr(ession--:i* almo/ rivals ! legal or ev5 ! cl]ical1 9 opposition to all *ange 9 ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,9 ,dr4 ,*eyne's days su* int]e/$ or bigot$ opposition 0 ev5 /rong] ?an 9 ! pres5t "t4 ,f ! p]iod ( ! f9al e/abli%m5t ( 8 heal?1 ab\t #agbh1 little is kn[n ( 8 life except+ ?r\gh 8 writ+s4 ,almo/ all we "k is1 t he cont9u$ "s fifte5 ye>s to practise 9 ,london & 9 ,ba? ) di/+ui%$ reputation & success4 ,he _h m>ri$ a daught] ( ,dr4 ,middleton ( ,bri/ol by :om he _h sev]al *ildr54 ,8 only son 0 born 9 #agab4 ,among/ 8 intimate fri5ds 0 ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,arbu?not1 a ,scot*man l himself1 & we f9d him meet+ ,sir ,hans ,sloane & ,dr4 ,mead at ! b$side ( 8 fri5d & relative ,bi%op ,burnet4 ,bo? ,dr4 ,arbu?not & ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 we may rem>k 9 pass+1 h giv5 evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! pur] liv+4 ,8 own diet he ?us describes 9 8 ,au?or's ,case1 writt5 t[>ds ! end ( 8 life3-- 8,my regim51 at pres5t1 is milk1 ) tea1 c(fee1 bread & butt]1 mild *eese1 salads1 fruits & se$s ( all k9ds1 ) t5d] roots 7z potatoes1 turnips1 c>rots71 &1 9 %ort1 ev]y?+ t has n life1 dress$ or n1 z ,i l x1 9 :i* !re is z mu* or a great] v>iety ?an 9 animal foods1 s t ! /oma* ne$ nev] be cloy$4 ,i dr9k no w9e nor any f]m5t$ liquors1 & am r>ely dry1 mo/ ( my food be+ liquid1 moi/1 or juicy4#ada ,only aft] d9n] ,i dr9k ei!r c(fee or gre5 tea1 b seldom bo? 9 ! same day1 & sometimes a glass ( s(t1 small cid]4 ,! ?9n] my diet1 ! easi]1 m *e]ful & lightsome ,i f9d myself2 my sleep is also ! s\nd]1 ?\gh p]haps some:at %ort] ?an =m]ly "u my full animal diet2 b !n ,i am m alive ?an ev] ,i 04 ,z soon z ,i wake ,i get up4 ,i rise commonly at six1 & g to b$ at t540 ,z = ! effect ( ?is regim51 he tells u t 8s9ce t "t 8 la/ lapse ,i ?ank ,god ,i h gone on 9 "o con/ant t5or ( diet1 & enjoy z good heal? z1 at my "t ( life 7be+ n[ sixty71 ,i or any man c reasonably expect40 ,:5 we rememb] ! complicity ( maladies ( :i* he _h be5 ! victim dur+ 8 adhesion to ! or?odox mode ( liv+1 su* exp]i5ce is suffici5tly significant4 ,"s t5 ye>s lat] he records 8 exp]i5ces z foll[s3-- 8,x is n[ ab\t sixte5 ye>s s9ce1 = ! la/ "t1 ,i ent]$ ^u a milk & vegetable diet4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is p]iod1 ?is light food ,i took z my appetite direct$1 )\t any measures1 & f\nd myself easy "u x4 ,aft] "s "t1 ,i f\nd x became necess>y to less5 ?is quantity1 & ,i h latt]ly r$uc$ x to "o-half1 at mo/1 ( :at ,i at fir/ seem$ to be>2 & if x %\ld please ,god to sp>e me a few ye>s long]1 9 ord] to pres]ve1 9 t case1 t fre$om & cle>ness :i* by 8 pres5ce ,i n[ enjoy1 ,i %all probably f9d myself oblig$ to d5y myself "o-half ( my pres5t daily su/5ance1 :i*1 precisely1 is ?ree ,w9*e/] p9ts ( new milk1 & six ounces ( biscuit1 made )\t salt or yea/1 bak$ 9 a quick ov540#adb--,natural ,me?od ( ,cur+ ,diseases1 c41 page #bih2 see also ,preface to ,essay on ,regim54 ,! la/ production ( ,dr4 ,*eyne 0 8 8,natural ,me?od ( ,cur+ ! ,diseases ( ! ,body1 & ! ,disord]s ( ! ,m9d ,dep5d+ on ! ,body4 ,9 ?ree p>ts4 ,"p ,i4--,g5]al ,reflections on ! ,economy ( ,nature 9 ,animal ,life4 ,"p ,,ii4--,! ,means & ,me?ods = ,pres]v+ ,life & ,faculties2 & also ,conc]n+ ! ,nature & ,cure ( ,acute1 ,contagi\s1 & ,cephalic ,disord]s4 ,"p ,,iii4--,reflections on ! ,nature & ,cure ( ,p>ticul> ,*ronic ,di/emp]s4 #hvo4 ,/rahan1 ,london1 #agdb40 ,x is d$icat$ to ! celebrat$ ,"l ,*e/]field1 :o records 8 grateful recognition ( ! b5efits he _h exp]i5c$ f 8 me?ods4 ,he writes3 8,i read ) great pleasure y\r book1 :i* y\r booksell] s5t me accord+ to y\r direction4 ,! physical "p is extremely good1 & ! metaphysical "p may be s too1 = :at ,i "k1 & ,i believe x is1 = z ,i look ^u all metaphysics to be guess "w ( imag9ation1 ,i "k no imag9ation likeli] to hit ^u ! "r ?an y\rs1 & ,i w take y\r guess aga9/ any o!r metaphysician's :atsoev]4 ,t "p :i* is f\nd$ ^u k & exp]i5ce ,i look ^u z a "w ( public utility1 & = :i* ! pres5t age & _! po/]ity may be oblig$ to y1 if !y w be pleas$ to foll[ x40 ,"l ,*e/]field1 x w be se5 bel[1 0 "o ( ^? m ref9$ m9ds ^: bett] consci5ce revolt$ f1 ev5 if !y _h n ! c\rage or self-control to r5\nce1 ! ,slaught] ,h\se4 ,! ,natural ,me?od its au?or consid]s z a k9d ( supplem5t to 8 la/ book1 conta9+ 8! practical inf]5ces1 & ! conclusions drawn f its pr9ciples1 9 p>ticul> cases & diseases1 confirm$ by =ty ye>s' exp]i5ce & obs]vation40 ,x is ! mo/ practical ( all 8 works1 & is full ( valuable obs]vations4 ,v j & useful is 8 rebuke ( t sort ( ,john-,bullism :i* affects to hold 8good liv+0 n only z h>mless b ev5 z a sort ( m]it-- 8,h[ x may be 9 o!r c\ntries & religions ,i w n say1 b among u good ,prote/ants1 ab/95ce1 temp]ance1 & mod]ation 7at lea/ 9 eat+71 are s f> f be+ ?\ght a virtue1 & _! contr>y a vice1 t x w\ld seem t n eat+ ! fatte/ & mo/ delici\s1 & to ! top1 7 ! only vice & disease kn[n among u--aga9/ :i* our p>5ts1 relatives1 fri5ds1 & physicians exclaim ) great vehem5ce & zeal4 ,& yet1 if we consid] ! matt] att5tively we %all f9d !re is no su* dang] 9 ab/95ce z we imag9e1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! greate/ ab/95ce & mod]ation nature & its ext]nal laws w suff] u to g into & practise = any "t1 w nei!r endang] our heal?1 nor weak5 our j ?9k+1 be x ev] s unlimit$ or unre/ra9$4444 ,& x is a wise provid5ce t ,l5t "t falls out at t season :i*1 if kept accord+ to its orig9al int5tion1 9 se$s & vegetables well dress$ & n 9 ri* high-dress$ fi%1 w\ld g a great way to pres]ve ! heal? ( ! p 9 g5]al1 z well z dispose !m to s]i\sness & reflection--s true x is t #8godl9ess has ! promise ( ?is life1 & ( t :i* is to come1' & x is v obs]vable t 9 all civil & e/abli%$ religi\s wor%ips hi!rto kn[n among poli%$ nations ,l5ts1 days ( ab/95ce1 seasons ( fa/+ & br++ d[n ! brutal "p ( ! rational be+1 h _h a l>ge %>e1 & be5 reckon$ an indisp5sable "p ( _! wor%ip & duty1 except among a wrong-head$ "p ( our ,re=mation1 :]e x has be5 despis$ & ridicul$ into a total neglect4 ,& yet x seems n only natural & conv5i5t = heal?1 b /rongly comm5d$ bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 & might all[ "t & prop] disposition = m s]i\s & weighty purposes4 ,& ?is #8,l5t1' or times ( ab/95ce1 is "o reason ( ! *e]fulness or s]5ity ( "s ,roman ,ca?olic or ,s\!rn c\ntries1 :i* w\ld be /ill m heal?y & long-liv$ 7 x n = _! excessive use ( aromatics & opiates1 :i* are ! wor/ k9d ( dry drams1 & ! cause ( _! unnatural & unbridl$ le*]y & %ortness ( life40 ,d5\nc+ ! g5]al practice ( ! ,pr(ession ( enc\rag+ _! pati5ts 9 indulg+ vitiat$ habits & ta/es1 he rem9ds !m3-- 8,t su* physicians d n consid] t !y are acc\ntable to ! community1 to _! pati5ts1 to _! consci5ce1 & to _! ,mak]1 = e h\r & mom5t !y %ort5 & cut (f _! pati5ts' lives by _! immoral & murd]\s indulg5ce3 & ! pati5ts d n duly pond] t suicide 7:i* ?is is 9 effect7 is ! mo/ mortal & irremissible ( all s9s1 & nei!r h suffici5tly weigh$ ! possibility t ! pati5t1 if n quickly cut (f by bo? ^! prepo/]\s means1 may l+] out mis]ably1 & be tw5ty or ?irty ye>s a-dy+1 "u ^! he>t & :eel-break+ mis]ies ?us exasp]at$2 :]eas1 by ! me?ods ,i propose1 if !y obta9 n 9 "t a p]fect cure1 yet !y c]ta9ly less5 _! pa91 l5g!n _! days1 & cont9ue "u ! b5ign influ5ce ( #8! ,sun ( ,righte\sness1 :o has heal+ 9 ,8 w+s1' &1 at wor/1 s(t5 & light5 ! angui% ( _! dissolution1 z f> z ! nature ( ?+s w admit40 ,n ! lea/ useful & in/ructive portions ( 8 treatise are 8 ref]5ces to ! prop] regim5 = m5tal diseases & disord]$ bra9s1 :i*1 he reasonably inf]s1 are be/ treat$ by ! adoption ( a light & pure diet>y4 ,he despairs1 h[ev]1 ( ! g5]al recognition1 or at lea/ adoption1 ( s rational a me?od by ! 8faculty0 or ! public at l>ge1 8,:o d n consid] t n9e p>ts 9 t5 ( ! :ole mass ( mank9d are necess>ily conf9$ to ?is diet 7( f>9acea1 fruits1 c471 or pretty ne>ly to x1 & yet live ) ! use ( _! s5ses1 limbs1 & faculties1 )\t diseases or ) b few1 & ^? f accid5ts or epidemical causes2 & t !re h be5 nations1 & n[ are numb]s ( tribes1 :o volunt>ily conf9e !mselves to vegetables only1 444 & t !re are :ole villages 9 ?is k+dom ^: inhabitants sc>ce eat animal food or dr9k f]m5t$ liquors a doz5 times a ye>40 ,9 reg>d to all n]v\s & bra9 diseases1 he insi/s t ! re=m$ diet w\ld 8,greatly alleviate & r5d] tol]able orig9al di/emp]s d]iv$ f diseas$ p>5ts1 & t x is absolutely necess>y = ! deep-?9k+ "p ( mank9d1 :o w\ld pres]ve _! faculties ripe & pregnant to a gre5 old age & to ! la/ dregs ( life2 & t x is ! true & real antidote & pres]vative f wrong-head$ness1 irregul> & disord]ly intellect & functions1 f loss ( ! rational faculties1 memory1 & s5ses1 z f> z ! ends ( ,provid5ce & ! condition ( mortality w all[40--7,nat4 ,me?od1 page #ij47 ,?is b5evol5t & b5efic5t dietetic re=m]1 accord+ to ! te/imony ( an eye-witness1 exemplifi$ by 8 dea? ! value ( 8 pr9ciples--rel9qui%+ 8 la/ brea? easily & tranquilly1 :ile 8 s5ses rema9$ entire to ! end4 ,dur+ 8 la/ illness he 0 att5d$ by ! fam\s ,david ,h>tley1 notic$ bel[4 ,he 0 buri$ at ,we/on1 ne> ,ba?4 ,8 "* is suffici5tly se5 9 8 writ+s :i*1 if !y conta9 "s metaphysical or o!r ideas :i* our reason _c always endorse1 9 _! practical tea*+ prove him to h be5 actuat$ by a true & e>ne/ desire = ! be/ int]e/s ( 8 fell[-m54 ,"o ( ! m]its ( ,*eyne's writ+s is 8 disc>d+ ! common or?odox esot]ic /yle ( 8 pr(ession1 :o seem jeal\sly to exclude all b ! 8initiat$0 f _! sacr$ my/]ies4 ,"o ( 8 biograph]s has rem>k$ ^u ?is po9t t 8!re is ano!r peculi>ity ab\t mo/ ( ,dr4 ,*eyne's writ+s :i* is wor?y ( notice4 ,al?\gh !re are _m passages t are q un9telligible to ! read] unless he possesses a consid]able k1 n only ( m$ic9e b also ( ma!matics1 yet !re is no d\bt b t ! great] "p ( 8 works 7 int5d$ = popul> p]usal1 & 9 ?is und]tak+ he is "o ( ! few m$ical writ]s :o h be5 completely successful4 ,8 productions1 :i* 7 mu* read & _h an ext5sive influ5ce 9 _! day1 procur$ him a consid]able degree ( reputation1 n only ) ! public1 b also ) ! memb]s ( 8 own pr(ession4 ,if !y pres5t to ! read] no great discov]ies 787 !y possess ! m]it ( putt+ m prom95tly =w>d "s useful b neglect$ tru?s2 & ?\gh n[1 probably1 b little read1 !y conta9 mu* matt] t is well wor? /udy+1 & h obta9$ = _! au?or a respectable place 9 ! hi/ory ( m$ical lit]ature40#adc ,our notice ( ! au?or ( ! ,essay on ,regim51 c41 w\ld sc>cely be complete )\t "s ref]5ce to 8 fri5d%ip ) two di/+ui%$ *>act]s--,john ,wesley & ,samuel ,ri*>dson1#add ! au?or ( ,pamela4 ,x 0 to ,dr4 ,*eyne t ,wesley1 z he tells u 9 8 j\rnals1 0 indebt$ = 8 conv]sion to ^? dietetic pr9ciples to :i* he attributes1 9 great measure1 ! invigoration ( 8 naturally feeble con/itution1 & :i* enabl$ him to und]go an am\nt ( fatigue & toil1 bo? m5tally & bodily1 seldom or nev] surpass$4 ,( ,*eyne's fri5d%ip = ,ri*>dson !re are sev]al memorials pres]v$ 9 8 famili> lett]s to t popul> writ]2 & 8 free & nave criticisms ( 8 novels are n a little amus+4 ,! noveli/1 x seems1 0 "o ( 8 pati5ts1 & t he 0 n always a satisfactory "o1 "u ! ab/emi\s regim51 appe>s occasionally f ! remon/rances ( 8 advis]4 ,,xx4 ,,pope4 #afhh-agdd4 ,! mo/ epigrammatic1 & "o ( ! mo/ elegant1 ( poets4 ,he 0 also "o ( ! mo/ precoci\s4 ,8 fir/ production ( importance 0 8 ,essay on ,criticism1 writt5 at ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 al?\gh n publi%$ until two ye>s lat]4 ,b he _h compos$1 we are assur$1 sev]al v]ses ( an ,epic at ! age ( twelve2 & 8 ,pa/orals 0 giv5 to ! _w by a y\? ( sixte54 ,its division into ! ,f\r ,seasons is said to h sugge/$ to ,?omson ! title ( 8 great poem4 ,! ,,ms4 pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( "s di/+ui%$ p]sons1 :o l\dly proclaim$ ! m]its ( ! boy-poet4 ,9 ! same ye> ) 8 f9e mock-h]oic ,rape ( ! ,lock 7#agab7 appe>$ ,! ,messiah1 9 imitation ( ,isaiah & ( ,virgil 79 8 well-kn[n ,eclogue ,,iv471 bo? ( :om celebrate1 9 simil> /ra9s1 ! adv5t ( a 8gold5 age0 to be4 ,! 8,sybill9e0 prophecy1 :i* ,pope supposes ! ,lat9 poet to h read1 exi/$1 x ne$ sc>cely be add$1 only 9 ! imag9ation ( himself & ( ! au?orities on :om he reli$4 ,w9dsor ,=e/ 7#agac7 des]ves special notice z "o ( ! e>lie/ ( t class ( poems :i* d]ive _! inspiration directly f ,nature4 ,x 0 ! precursor ( ,! ,seasons1 al?\gh ! anti-b>b>\s feel+ is less pron\nc$ 9 ! =m]4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 ! g]ms ( t high] feel+ :i* appe>s m develop$ 9 ! ,essay on ,man2 & ! foll[+ v]ses1 descriptive ( ! usual 8sport+0 sc5es1 are significant3-- 8,see6 f ! brake ! :irr+ ,pheasant spr+s1 ,& m\nts exult+ on triumphant w+s3 ,%ort is 8 joy2 he feels ! fi]y w\nd1 ,flutt]s 9 blood1 & pant+ beats ! gr\nd4 ,ah1 :at avail 8 glossy1 v>y+ dyes1 ,8 purple cre/ & sc>let-circl$ eyes-- ,! vivid gre5 8 %9+ plumes unfold1 ,8 pa9t$ w+s1 & brea/ t flames ) gold8 99 99 99 99 99 ,to pla9s ) well-brea!d beagles !y repair1 ,& trace ! mazes ( ! circl+ ,h>e4 ,bea/s1 urg$ by u1 _! fell[-bea/s pursue1 ,& le>n ( man ea* o!r to undo4 ,) slaught]+ guns ! unwe>i$ f[l] roves1 ,:5 fro/s h :it5$ all ! nak$ groves1 ,:]e ,doves1 9 flocks1 ! leafless trees o'er%ade1 ,& lonely ,woodcocks haunt ! wat]y glade-- ,he lifts ! tube1 & level ) 8 eye1 ,/raight a %ort ?und] breaks ! froz5 sky4 ,(t1 z 9 airy r+s !y skim ! hea?1 ,! clamor\s ,lapw+s feel ! lead5 dea?3 ,(t1 z ! m\nt+ ,l>ks _! notes prep>e1 ,!y fall & leave _! little lives 9 air40 ,8 ,epi/le ( ,eloisa to ,abel>d 7a romantic v]sion ( a v reali/ic /ory71 ,temple ( ,fame1 ,imitations ( ,*auc]1 translation ( ! ,iliad 7#agac-agbj7--;*>act]is$ by ,gibbon z hav+ 8e m]it b t ( lik5ess to its orig9al0--an edition ( ,%aksp]e1 ,! ,dunciad 7#agbh71 translation ( ! ,odyssey1 are "s ( ! works :i* atte/ 8 g5ius & indu/ry4 ,b x is ) 8 ,moral ,essays--& 9 p>ticul> ! ,essay on ,man 7#agcb-agce71 ! mo/ important ( 8 productions--t we are especially conc]n$4 ,z is pretty well kn[n1 ^! ,essays owe _! conception1 9 great "p1 to 8 intimate fri5d ,/4 ,john ,bol+broke4 ,al?\gh ! au?or by bir? &1 p]haps1 /ill m f a feel+ ( pride :i* might make him reluctant to ab&on an unfa%ionable sect 7su* x 0 at t "t71 belong$ nom9ally to ! ,old ,*ur*1 ! !ology & metaphysics ( ! "w display little ( ecclesia/ical or?odoxy4 ,! p]vad+ pr9ciples ( ! ,essay on ,man are natural !ology or1 z ,w>burton /yles x1 8,naturalism0 7i4e41 ! putt+ aside human ass]tion = ! /udy ( ! attributes ( ,deity ?r\gh its visible manife/ations7 & ,optimism4#ade ,! m]its ( ! ,essay1 x mu/ be add$1 consi/ n s mu* 9 ! philosophy ( ! poem z a :ole z 9 ! _m f9e & true ?\ghts scatt]$ ?r\gh\t x1 :i* ! au?or's epigrammatic t]s5ess indelibly fixes 9 ! m9d4 ,( ! :ole poem ! mo/ valuable "p1 und\bt$ly1 is its ridicule ( ! common arrogant 7pret5d$7 belief t all o!r species on ! e>? h be5 br\ght into be+ = ! b5efit ( ! human race--an egregi\s fallacy1 by ! way1 :i*1 ably expos$ z x has be5 ov] & ov] aga91 /ill frequ5tly reappe>s 9 our popul> !ology & morals4 ,to ! writ]s & talk]s ( ?is too num]\s class may be comm5d$ ! rebukes ( ,pope3-- 8,no?+ is =eign--p>ts relate to :ole3 ,"o all-ext5d+1 all-pres]v+ s\l ,connects ea* be+1 greate/ ) ! lea/-- ,made bea/ 9 aid ( man1 & man ( bea/3 ,all s]v$1 all s]v+--no?+ /&s alone4 99 99 99 99 99 ,has ,god1 ?\ fool1 work$ solely = ?y good1 ,?y joy1 ?y pa/ime1 ?y attire1 ?y food8 99 99 99 99 99 ,is x = !e ! ,l>k asc5ds & s+s8 ,joy tunes 8 voice1 joy elevates 8 w+s4 ,is x = !e ! ,l9net p\rs 8 ?roat8 ,loves ( 8 own & raptures swell ! note4 ,! b\nd+ ,/e$ y pomp\sly be/ride ,%>es ) 8 "l ! pleasure & ! pride4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"k ,nature's *ildr5 all divide h] c>e1 ,! fur t w>ms a mon>* w>m$ a ,be>4 ,:ile ,man exclaims1 #8,see all ?+s = my use6' #8,see ,man = m9e6' replies a pamp]$ ,goose4 ,& j z %ort ( reason he mu/ fall1 ,:o ?9ks all made = "o1 n "o = all40 ,he !n pa9ts ! picture ( ! 8,times ( ,innoc5ce0 ( ! ,pa/1 or r 7z we mu/ take x7 ( ! ,future3-- 8,no murd] clo!d him1 & no murd] f$4 ,9 ! same temple--! res\nd+ wood-- ,all vocal be+s hymn$ _! equal ,god4 ,! %r9e1 ) gore un/a9$1 ) gold undre/1 ,unbrib$1 unbloody1 /ood ! blameless prie/4 ,heav5's attribute 0 univ]sal c>e1 ,& man's pr]ogative to rule b sp>e4 ,ah1 h[ unlike ! man ( times to come-- ,( half t live ! but*] & ! tomb6 ,:o1 foe to ,nature1 he>s ! g5]al groan1 ,murd]s _! species1 & betrays 8 own4 ,b j disease to luxury succe$s1 ,& e dea? its own av5g] bre$s3 ,! fury-passions f t blood began1 ,& turn$ on man a fi]c] savage1 man40 ,aga91 depict+ ! gr[? ( despotism & sup]/ition1 & speculat+ z to-- 8,:o fir/ taught s\ls enslav$ & realms undone ,! enorm\s fai? ( ,_m made = ,"o80 he traces ! gradual horrors ( sacrifice beg9n+ ) o!r1 & culm9at+ 9 t ( ! human1 species3-- 8,%e ,sup]/ition f ! r5d+ e>? & bur/+ skies ,saw gods desc5d1 & fi5ds inf]nal rise3 ,"h fix$ ! dreadful1 !re ! ble/1 abodes-- ,fe> made h] devils & weak ,hope h] gods-- ,gods p>tial1 *angeful1 passionate1 unju/1 ,^: attributes 7 rage1 rev5ge1 or lu/-- ,su* z ! s\ls ( c[>ds might conceive1 ,&1 =m$ l tyrants1 tyrants w\ld believe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,alt>s grew m>ble !n1 & reek$ ) gore2 ,!n fir/ ! ,flam5 ta/$ liv+ food1 ,next 8 grim idol sme>$ ) human blood4 ,) ,heav5's own ?und]s %ook ! e>? bel[1 ,& play$ ! ,god an eng9e on 8 foe40 ,:5ev] occasion arises1 ,pope fails n to /igmatise ! b>b>ity ( slaught]+ = food2 & ! sva indignatio urges him to upbraid 8 fell[s ) ! slaught] (-- 8,! lamb ?y riot dooms to ble$1 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o licks ! h& j rais$ to %$ 8 blood40 ,&1 aga91 he expresses 8 dete/ation ( ! selfi%ness ( our species :o-- 8,de/roy all creatures = _! sport or gu/40 ,t all ?is 0 no m]e affectation ( feel+ appe>s f 8 correspond5ce & contributions to ! p]iodicals ( ! "t3-- 8,i _c ?9k x extravagant10 he writes1 8to imag9e t mank9d are no less1 9 proportion1 acc\ntable = ! ill use ( _! dom9ion ov] ! l[] ranks ( be+s1 ?an = ! ex]cise ( tyranny ov] _! own species4 ,! m entirely ! inf]ior creation is submitt$ to our p[]1 ! m answ]able we mu/ be = our mismanagem5t ( !m2 & ! r1 z ! v condition ( ,nature r5d]s !m incapable ( receiv+ any recomp5se 9 ano!r life = ill-treatm5t 9 ?is40#adf ,consi/5tly ) ! expression ( ?is true philosophy1 he decl>es else:]e t-- 8,no?+ c be m %ock+ & horrid ?an "o ( our kit*5s spr9kl$ ) blood1 & ab\nd+ ) ! cries ( expir+ victims1 or ) ! limbs ( dead animals scatt]$ or hung up "h & !re4 ,x gives "o ! image ( a giant's d5 9 romance1 be/rew$ ) scatt]$ heads & mangl$ limbs40#adg ,! p]sonal "* ( ,pope1 we may add1 has ( late be5 subject$ to m9ute & se>*+ criticism4 ,"s meannesses1 spr++ f an extreme anxiety = fame ) aft] ages1 h und\bt$ly t>ni%$ 8 reputation = c&\r4 ,8 excessive animosity t[>ds 8 public or private enemies may be palliat$ 9 "p1 if n excus$1 by 8 well-kn[n feebl5ess ( heal? & consequ5t m5tal irritability4 ,= ! re/1 he 0 capable ( ! mo/ s9c]e & dis9t]e/$ atta*m5ts2 & n 8 lea/ m]it1 9 lit]ature1 is t 9 an age ( s]vile au?or%ip he cultivat$ lit]ature n = place or pay1 b = its own sake4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among/ ,pope's intimate fri5ds 7 ,dr4 ,arbu?not1 ,dean ,swift1 & ,gay4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 be/ kn[n z ! jo9t au?or ) ,pope & ,swift ( ,m>t9us ,scribl]us1 a satire on ! useless p$antry preval5t 9 education & lett]s1 & especially z ! au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,john ,bull 7! orig9al ( t immortal p]sonification ( beef1 be]1 & prejudice71 publi%$ 8 ,essay ,conc]n+ ,alim5ts1 9 :i* ! vegetable diet is comm5d$ z a prev5tive or cure ( c]ta9 diseases1 ab\t ! ye> #agcj4 ,n ! lea/ m]itori\s ( 8 works 0 an epitaph on ! notori\s ,colonel ,*>tres--"o ( ! few epitaphs :i* are att5tive less to cu/om ?an to tru?1 &1 we may add1 9 m>k$ contra/ ) t typical "o on 8 unhi/orical contempor>y ,capta9 ,blifil4 ,9 ! ,travels ( ,lemuel ,gulliv] ! read] w f9d ! sva indignatio ( ,swift--or1 at all ev5ts1 ( ! ,h\yhnhnms--among/ o!r ?+s1 laun*$ aga9/ ! indiscrim9at+ diet ( 8 c\ntrym53-- 8,i told him0 ! ,ma/]-,horse1 says ,gulliv]1 8we f$ on a ?\s& ?+s :i* op]at$ contr>y to ea* o!r--t we eat :5 we are n hungry1 & dr9k )\t ! provocation ( ?ir/ 444 t x w\ld be endless to give him a catalogue ( all diseases incid5t to human bodies1 = !y c\ld n be few] ?an five or six hundr$1 spread ov] e limb & jo9t--9 %ort1 e "p1 ext]nal & inte/9e1 hav+ diseases appropriat$ to itself--to rem$y :i* !re 0 a sort ( p br$ up among u 9 ! pr(ession or pret5ce ( cur+ ! sick40 ,among ! inf9ite v>iety ( rem$ies & prescriptions1 9 ! human ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 ! a/\nd$ ,h\yhnhnm le>ns1 are reckon$ 8s]p5ts1 toads1 frogs1 spid]s1 dead m5's fle% & bones1 birds1 bea/s1 fi%es0--no m]e travell]s' tales 7x is p]haps necess>y to expla971 b sob] fact1 z any "o may discov] = himself by an exam9ation ( "s ( ! receiv$ & popul> m$ical treatises ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 9 :i* ! mo/ absurd 8prescriptions10 involv+ ! mo/ frightful cruelty1 are record$ ) all s]i\sness3-- 8,my ma/]1 cont9u+ 8 disc\rse1 said !re 0 no?+ t r5d]$ ! ,yahoos m odi\s ?an _! undi/+ui%+ appetite to dev\r ev]y?+ t came 9 _! way1 :e!r h]bs1 roots1 b]ries1 ! corrupt$ fle% ( animals1 or all m+l$ toge!r2 & t x 0 peculi> 9 _! temp] t !y 7 fond] ( :at !y c\ld get by rap9e or /eal? at a great] di/ance ?an mu* bett] food provid$ = !m at home4 ,if _! prey held out1 !y w\ld eat till !y 7 ready to bur/40 ,al?\gh unaccu/om$ to ! bett] liv+1 & f9d+ x 8insipid at fir/10 ! human slave ( ! ,h\yhnhnm 7a ^w :i*1 by ! way1 9 t language1 means 8! p]fection ( nature07 records z ! result ( 8 exp]i5ce1 9 ! fir/ place1 h[ little w su/a9 human life2 &1 9 ! second place1 ! fact ( ! sup]ior heal?fulness ( ! vegetable food4#adh ,ab\t ?is p]iod or a little e>li]1 ,philippe ,hecquet1 a ,fr5* physician1 publi%$ 8 ,trait des ,disp5ses du ,c>me 78,treatise on ,disp5sations 9 ,l5t071 #agji1 9 :i* he gave 9 8 adhesion to ! pr9ciples ( ,veget>ianism--at all ev5ts1 s f> z heal? is conc]n$4 ,he is m5tion$ by ,voltaire1 & is suppos$ to be ! orig9al ( ! doctor ,sangrado ( ,le ,sage4#adi ,if ?is conjecture h any tru?1 ! au?or ( ,gil ,blas is op5 to ! grave *>ge ( misrepres5tation1 ( sacrific+ tru? to effect1 or 7:at is /ill worse & /ill m common7 ( p&]+ to popul> prejudices4#aej ,,xxi4 ,,?omson4 #agjj-agdh4 ,9 ! long & t]rible s]ies ( ! ,ages ! di/+ui%+ glory ( ! eighte5? c5tury is its ,humanit>ianism--n visible1 inde$1 9 legislation or 9 ! tea*+ ( ! ord9>ily-accr$it$ guides ( ! public fai? & morals1 b proclaim$1 nev]!less1 by ! great prophets ( t era4 ,z f> z ord9>y life 0 conc]n$1 ! la/ age is only too obnoxi\s to ! *>ge ( selfi%ness & he>tlessness4 ,call\sness to suff]+1 z reg>ds ! non-human species 9 p>ticul>1 is suffici5tly app>5t 9 ! common amusem5ts & 8pa/imes0 ( ! v>i\s grades ( ! community4 ,yet1 if we comp>e ! tone ( ev5 ! common-place class ( writ]s ) t ( ! au?ors ( quasi-sci5tific treatises ( ! prec$+ c5tury--9 :i* ! mo/ cold-blood$ atrocities on ! helpless victims ( human ignorance & b>b>ity are prescrib$ = ! composition ( _! m$ical no/rums1 c41 ) ! mo/ unconsci\s audacity & ignor+ ( e sort ( feel+--consid]able advance is app>5t 9 ! sl[ onw>d m>* ( ! human race t[>ds ! goal ( a true morality & religion4 ,to ! au?or ( ,! ,seasons belongs ! ev]la/+ hon\r ( be+ ! fir/ among/ mod]n poets e>ne/ly to d5\nce ! manifold wrongs inflict$ ^u ! subject species1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ! savag]y insep>able f ! ,slaught]-,h\se--= ,pope did n publi% 8 ,essay on ,man until f\r ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( ,spr+4 ,james ,?omson1 ( ,scotti% p>5tage1 came to ,london to seek 8 =tune 9 lit]ature1 at ! age ( #be4 ,= "s "t he exp]i5c$ ! pov]ty & tr\bles :i* s g5]ally h be5 ! lot ( "y aspirants to lit]>y1 especially poetic1 fame4 ,w9t]--:i* inaugurat$ a new s*ool ( poetry--appe>$ 9 ,m>*1 #agbf4 ,t ! publi%] consid]$ himself lib]al 9 (f]+ ?ree gu9eas = ! poem speaks little = ! ta/e ( ! "t2 b t a bett] ta/e 0 com+ into exi/5ce is also pla9 f ! fact ( its fav\rable reception1 not)/&+ ! obscurity ( ! au?or4 ,?ree editions appe>$ 9 ! same ye>4 ,summ]1 8 next v5ture1 0 publi%$ 9 #agbg1 & ! 7,f\r7 ,seasons 9 #agcj1 by subscription--#chg subscrib]s enroll+ _! names = copies at a gu9ea ea*4 ,natural en?usiasm1 sympa?y1 & love = all t is really beautiful on ,e>? 7a sort ( feel+ n to be appreciat$ by vulg> m9ds7 =ms 8 *ief *>act]i/ic4 ,b1 above all1 8 sympa?y ) suff]+ 9 all its =ms 7see1 p>ticul>ly1 8 reflections aft] ! description ( ! sn[/orm 9 ,w9t]71 n limit$ by ! n>r[ b\nds ( nationality or ( species b ext5d$ to all innoc5t life--8 indignation aga9/ oppression & inju/ice1 are :at mo/ hon\rably di/+ui% him f almo/ all ( 8 pr$ecessors &1 inde$1 f mo/ ( 8 successors4 ,! ,seasons is ! =]unn] ( ,! ,task & ! humanit>ian s*ool ( poetry4 ,! ,ca/le ( ,indol5ce 9 ! /anza ( ,sp5s]1 has claims ( a k9d diff]5t f ^? ( ,! ,seasons2 & ! admir]s ( ,! ,fa]ie ,que5 _c fail to appreciate ! m]its ( ! mod]n romance4 ,besides ^! *efs-d'uvre ,?omson wrote two trag$ies1 ,sophonisba & ,lib]ty1 ! =m] ( :i*1 at ! "t1 _h consid]able success ^u ! /age4 ,9 ! numb] ( 8 fri5ds he reckon$ ,pope & ,samuel ,johnson1 bo? ( :om are said to h _h "s %>e 9 ! frequ5t revisions :i* he made ( 8 pr9cipal production4 ,x is ) 8 ,spr+ t we are *iefly conc]n$1 s9ce x is 9 t division ( 8 great poem t he eloqu5tly contra/s ! two v opposite diets4 ,s++ ! glories ( ! annual bir?-"t & g5]al resurrection ( ,nature1 he fir/ celebrates 8,! liv+ ,h]bs1 pr(usely wild1 ,o'er all ! deep-gre5 ,e>?1 beyond ! p[] ,( botani/ to numb] up _! tribes1 7,:e!r he /eals along ! lonely dale ,9 sil5t se>*1 or ?r\gh ! =e/1 rank ,) :at ! dull incuri\s we$s acc\nt1 ,bur/s 8 bl9d way1 or climbs ! m\nta9-rock1 ,fir$ by ! nodd+ v]dure ( its br[74 ,) su* a lib]al h& has ,nature flung ,_! se$s abroad1 bl[n !m ab\t 9 w9ds1 ,innum]\s mix$ !m ) ! nurs+ m\ld1 ,! moi/5+ curr5t & prolific ra94 ,b :o _! virtues c decl>e8 ,:o pi]ce1 ,) vision pure1 into ^? secret /ores ,( heal? & life & joy--! food ( man1 ,:ile yet he liv$ 9 innoc5ce & told ,a l5g? ( gold5 ye>s1 unfle%$ 9 blood8 ,a /rang] to ! savage arts ( life-- ,dea?1 rap9e1 c>nage1 surfeit1 & disease-- ,! ,"l1 & n ! ,tyrant1 ( ! _w40 ,& !n goes on to picture ! fea/ ( blood3-- 8,& yet ! :olesome h]b neglect$ dies1 ,?\gh ) ! pure exhil>at+ s\l ,( nutrim5t & heal?1 & vital p[]s ,beyond ! se>* ( ,art1 'tis copi\s bless$4 ,=1 ) hot rav9 fir$1 ensangu9$ ,man ,is n[ become ! ,lion ( ! pla9 ,& worse4 ,! ,wolf1 :o f ! nightly fold ,fi]ce drags ! bleat+ ,prey1 ne'er drank h] milk1 ,nor wore h] w>m+ fleece2 nor has ! ,/e]1 ,at ^: /rong *e/ ! deadly ,tig] hangs1 ,e'er pl\gh$ = him4 ,!y1 too1 are temp]$ high1 ,) hung] /ung & wild necessity1 ,nor lodges pity 9 _! %aggy brea/4 ,b ,man1 :om ,nature =m$ ( mild] clay1 ,) e k9d emotion 9 8 he>t1 ,& taught alone to weep2 :ile f h] lap ,%e p\rs t5 ?\s& delicacies--h]bs ,& fruits1 z num]\s z ! drops ( ra9 ,or beams t gave !m bir?--%all he1 fair =m1 ,:o we>s sweet smiles & looks erect on heav51 ,e'er /oop to m+le ) ! pr[l+ h]d ,& dip 8 tongue 9 gore8 ,! bea/ ( prey1 ,blood-/a9$1 des]ves to ble$4 ,b y1 ye ,flocks1 ,:at h y done8 ,ye peaceful p1 :at ,to m]it dea?8 ,y :o h giv5 u milk ,9 lusci\s /reams1 & l5t u y\r own coat ,aga9/ ! w9t]'s cold8 ,& ! pla9 ,ox1 ,t h>mless1 hone/1 guileless animal1 ,9 :at has he (f5d$8 ,he1 ^: toil1 ,pati5t & ev] ready1 clo!s ! l& ,) all ! pomp ( h>ve/--%all he ble$1 ,& /ruggl+ groan b5ea? ! cruel h&s ,e'en ( ! cl[ns he fe$s1 & t1 p]haps1 ,to swell ! riot ( ! autumnal fea/ ,won by 8 lab\r80#aea ,& aga9 9 d5\nc+ ! amateur slaught]+ 7euphemis$ by ! mock+ t]m ( ,sport7 unblu%+ly p]petrat$ 9 ! broad light ( day3-- 8,:5 bea/s ( prey retire1 t all night long1 ,urg$ by necessity1 _h rang$ ! d>k1 ,z if _! consci\s ravage %unn$ ! light1 ,a%am$4 ,n s he reproa*es ! /eady tyrant ,man1 ,:o ) ! ?\ghtless insol5ce ( ,p[]1 ,inflam$ beyond ! mo/ infuriate wra? ,( ! wor/ mon/] t e'er roam$ ! wa/e1 ,= ,sport alone pursues ! cruel *ase1 ,amid ! beam+s ( ! g5tle days4 ,upbraid1 ye rav5+ tribes1 our wanton rage1 ,= hung] k9dles y1 & lawless want2 ,b lavi% f$1 9 ,nature's b\nty roll$-- ,to joy at angui%1 & delight 9 blood-- ,is :at y\r horrid bosoms nev] knew40#aeb ,we conclude ^! extracts f ,! ,seasons ) ! poet's indignant reflection ^u ! selfi% gre$ ( ,comm]ce1 :i* b>b>\sly sacrifices by ?\s&s 7z x does also ! innoc5t mammalia ( ! seas7 ! noble/ & mo/ sagaci\s ( ! t]re/rial races = ! sake ( a sup]flu\s luxury3-- 8,peaceful1 b5ea? primeval trees1 t ca/ ,_! ample %ade o'er ,nig]'s yell[ /ream1 ,& :]e ! ,ganges rolls 8 sacr$ waves2 ,or mid ! c5tral dep? ( black5+ woods1 ,high rais$ 9 solemn !atre ar\nd1 ,leans ! huge ,elephant1 wise/ ( brutes6 ,o truly wise6 ) g5tle might end[$3 ,?\gh p[]ful1 n de/ructive4 ,"h he sees ,revolv+ ages sweep ! *angeful ,e>?1 ,& empires rise & fall3 reg>dless he ,( :at ! nev]-re/+ race ( m5 ,project4 ,?rice happy6 c\ld he 'scape _! guile ,:o m9e1 f cruel av>ice1 8 /eps3 ,or ) 8 t[]+ gr&eur swell _! /ate-- ,! pride ( k+s6--or else 8 /r5g? p]v]t1 ,& bid him rage amid ! mortal fray1 ,a/oni%$ at ! madness ( mank9d40#aec ,,xxii4 ,,h>tley4 #agje-ageg4 ,celebrat$ z ! e>lie/ writ] ( ! utilit>ian s*ool ( morals4 ,at ! age ( fifte5 he ent]$ ,jesus ,college1 ,cambridge1 ( :i* he 0 aft]w>ds elect$ a ,fell[4 ,scruples ( consci5ce ab\t ! 8,?irty-n9e ,articles0 w\ld n all[ him to subscribe !m & take ord]s1 & he turn$ to ! m$ical pr(ession1 9 :i* he rea*$ consid]able em95ce4 ,8 ,obs]vations on ,man3 8 ,frame1 8 ,duties1 & 8 ,expectations1 appe>$ 9 #agdh4 ,! pr9cipal int]e/ 9 ! book consi/s 9 ! fact ( its conta9+ ! g]ms ( t s*ool ( moral philosophy ( :i* ,paley1 ,b5?am1 & ,mill h be5 ! mo/ able expositors4 ,he _h imbib$ ! tea*+ ( ,locke ^u ! orig9 ( ideas1 :i* t fir/ ( ,engli% metaphysicians f\nd$ 9 ,s5sation & ,reflection or ,association1 9 contradiction to ! old !ory ( ,innat5ess4 ,al?\gh n[ univ]sally receiv$1 x is h>dly necess>y to rem>k t at its fir/ promulgation x met ) z great opposition z all rational ideas exp]i5ce long aft] _! fir/ introduction2 & ,locke's controv]sy ) ! ,bi%op ( ,worce/] is matt] ( hi/ory4 ,x has already be5 /at$ t ,david ,h>tley 0 ! fri5d ( ,dr4 ,*eyne1 :om he att5d$ 9 8 la/ illness1 & he numb]$ among/ 8 acqua9tances "s ( ! mo/ em95t p]sonages ( ! day4 ,8 "* appe>s to h be5 s+ul>ly amiable & dis9t]e/$4 ,8 !ology is1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( unsuspect$ or?odoxy4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces reveal ! bias ( 8 m9d 9 ! matt] ( kreophagy3-- 8,) respect to animal diet1 let x be consid]$ t tak+ away ! lives ( o!r animals 9 ord] to conv]t !m into food1 does great viol5ce to ! pr9ciples ( b5evol5ce & compassion4 ,?is appe>s f ! frequ5t h>d-he>t$ness & cruelty f\nd among ^? p]sons ^: occupations engage !m 9 de/roy+ animal life1 z well z f ! uneas9ess :i* o!rs feel 9 behold+ ! but*]y ( ! l[] animals4 ,x is mo/ evid5t1 9 respect to ! l>g] animals & ^? ) :om we h a famili> int]c\rse--su* z ,ox51 ,%eep1 & dome/ic ,f[ls1 c4--s z to di/+ui%1 love1 & compassionate individuals4 ,!y resemble u greatly 9 ! make ( ! body 9 g5]al1 & 9 t ( ! p>ticul> organs ( circulation1 respiration1 dige/ion1 c42 also 9 ! =mation ( _! intellects1 memories1 & passions1 & 9 ! signs ( di/ress1 fe>1 pa91 & dea?4 ,!y (t51 likewise1 w9 our affections by ! m>ks ( peculi> sagacity1 by _! in/9cts1 helplessness1 innoc5ce1 nasc5t b5evol5ce1 c41 c41 &1 if !re be any glimm]+ ( hope ( an h]eaft] = !m--if !y %\ld prove to be our bre?r5 & si/]s 9 ?is high] s5se1 9 immortality z well z mortality--9 ! p]man5t pr9ciple ( our m9ds z well z 9 ! frail du/ ( our bodies--?is ought to be /ill fur!r reason = t5d]ness = !m4 8,?is1 !re=e1 seems to be no?+ else10 he concludes1 8?an an argum5t to /op u 9 our c>e]1 to make u sp>+ & t5d] 9 ?is article ( diet1 & put u ^u consult+ exp]i5ce m fai?fully & imp>tially 9 ord] to det]m9e :at is mo/ suitable to ! purposes ( life & heal?1 our compassion be+ made1 by ! =ego+ consid]ations 9 "s measure1 a balance to our impetu\s bodily appetites40#aed ,dr4 ,h>tley is n ! only !ologian :o has sugge/$ ! possibility or probability ( a future life = all or "s ( ! non-human races4 ,?is "q we mu/ leave to ! !ologians4 ,all t we "h rem>k is1 t ,h>tley is "o ( ! v few among/ 8 bre?r5 :o h _h ! consi/5cy & ! c\rage ( _! op9ions to d$uce ! inevitable inf]5ce4 ,,xxiii4 ,,*e/]field4 #afid-aggc4 ,not)/&+ 8 /range self-deception z to ! 8g5]al ord] ( nature10 by :i* he attempt$ 7s9c]ely we presume7 to sil5ce ! bett] prompt+s ( consci5ce1 ! rem>kably /rong feel+ express$ by ,"l ,*e/]field gives him "s "r to notice "h4 ,8 e>ly in/9ctive av]sion = ! food :i* is ! product ( torture & murd] is mu* bett] f\nd$1 we %all be apt to believe1 ?an ! fallaci\s sophism by :i* he seems ev5tually to h succe$$ 9 /ifl+ ! voices ( ,nature & ,reason 9 seek+ refuge "u ! %elt] ( a sup]ficial philosophy4 ,at all ev5ts 8 example is a =cible illu/ration ( ,s5eca's obs]vation t ! bett] feel+s ( ! "y ne$ only to be evok$ by a prop] education to conduct !m to a true morality & religion4#aee ,z x is we h to lam5t t he _h n ! great] light 7( sci5ce7 ( ! pres5t "t1 if1 inde$1 ! 8deceitfulness ( ri*es0 w\ld n h be5 = him1 z = ! mass ( ! ri* or fa%ionable _w1 ! %ipwreck ( j & rational feel+4 ,philip ,dorm]1 ,e>l ( ,*e/]field1 succe$$ to ! family title 9 #agbf4 ,high 9 fav\r ) ! new k+--,george ,,ii4--he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( ,ambassador-extraord9>y to ! ,c\rt ( ,holl& 9 #agbh1 & among/ o!r hon\rs t ( ! knigh?ood ( ! ,g>t]4 ,9 #agde he 0 appo9t$ ,"l ,lieut5ant ( ,irel&1 9 :i* po/1 dur+ 8 brief rule1 he seem$ to h gov]n$ ) m success ?an "s ( 8 pr$ecessors or successors4 ,he 0 soon aft]w>ds a ,secret>y ( ,/ate3 ill-heal? oblig$ him to rel9qui% ?is (fice aft] a %ort t5ure4 ,he wrote pap]s = ,! ,_w--! popul> p]iodical ( ! "t--besides "s poetical pieces1 b he is *iefly kn[n z an au?or by 8 celebrat$ ,lett]s to 8 ,son1 :i* long s]v$ z ! text-book ( polite society4 ,x conta9s "s rem>ks 9 reg>d to ! relations ( ! sexes sc>cely consonant ) ! cu/om1 or at lea/ ) ! outw>d code ( sexual morals ( ! pres5t day4 ,8 s5tim5ts ^u ! subject 9 "q are z foll[3-- 8,i rememb]1 :5 ,i 0 a "y man at ! ,univ]sity1 be+ s mu* affect$ ) t v pa!tic spee* :i* ,ovid puts into ! m\? ( ,py?agoras aga9/ ! eat+ ( ! fle% ( animals1 t x 0 "s "t be=e ,i c\ld br+ myself to our college mutton aga91 ) "s inw>d d\bt :e!r ,i 0 n mak+ myself an accomplice to a murd]4 ,my scruples rema9$ unreconcil$ to ! committ+ ( s horrid a meal1 till ^u s]i\s reflection ,i became conv9c$ ( its legality#aef f ! g5]al ord] ( ,nature :i* has in/itut$ ! univ]sal prey+ ( ! /rong] ^u ! weak] z "o ( h] fir/ pr9ciples3 ?\gh to me x has ev] appe>$ an incompreh5sible my/]y t %e1 :o c\ld n be re/ra9$ by any want ( mat]ials f furni%+ supplies = ! support ( h] num]\s (fspr+1 %\ld lay !m "u ! necessity ( dev\r+ "o ano!r4#aeg 8,i "k n :e!r x is f ! cl]gy hav+ look$ ^u ?is subject z too trivial = _! notice1 t we f9d !m m sil5t ^u x ?an c\ld be wi%$2 = z slaught] is at pres5t no bran* ( ! prie/hood1 x is to be presum$ t !y h z mu* compassion z o!r m54 ,! ,spectator has exclaim$ aga9/ ! cruelty ( roa/+ lob/]s alive1 & ( :ipp+ pigs to dea?1 b ! mis=tune is ! writ+s ( an ,addison are seldom read by cooks & but*]s4 ,z to ! ?9k+ "p ( mank9d1 x has always be5 conv9c$1 ,i believe1 t h[ev] con=mable to ! g5]al rule ( nature our dev\r+ animals may be1 we are nev]!less "u indelible obligation to prev5t _! suff]+ any degree ( pa9 m ?an is absolutely unavoidable4 8,b ?is conviction lies 9 su* heads t ,i fe> n "o poor creature 9 a million has ev] f>$ ! bett] = x1 &1 ,i believe1 nev] w3 s9ce p ( condition1 ! only s\rce f :5ce effectual pity is to fl[1 are s f> f inculcat+ x to ^? b5ea? !m1 t a v few ye>s ago !y suff]$ !mselves to be ent]ta9$ at a public !atre by ! p]=mances ( an unhappy company ( animals :o c\ld only h be5 made actors by ! utmo/ en]gy ( :ipcord & />v+40#aeh ,! writ] might h in/anc$ /ill m frightful results ( ?is ins5sibility on ! "p ( ! influ5tial classes ( ! community3 nor inde$1 ! bett] few always except$1 7 he liv+ n[ c\ld he pres5t a mu* m fav\rable picture ( ! morals 79 ?is ! mo/ important dep>tm5t ( !m7 ( ! rul+ sections ( society4 ,ritson supplem5ts ! virtual adhesion ( ,"l ,*e/]field to ! pr9ciples ( ,humanity1 ) "s rem>ks ( ,sir ,w4 ,jones1 ! em95t ,ori5tali/1 :o 7prote/+ aga9/ ! selfi% call\sness ( 8,sportsm50 & ev5 ( 8,naturali/s0 9 ! infliction ( pa97 writes3 8,i %all nev] =get ! c\plet ( ,f]dusi#aei = :i* ,sadi1#afj :o cites x ) applause1 p\rs bless+s on 8 dep>t$ _s3-- 8,ah6 sp>e yon emmet1 ri* 9 ho>d$ gra93 ,he lives ) pleasure & he dies ) pa940 ,to :i* cr$itable expression ( feel+ we w\ld app5d a ^w ( a/oni%m5t at t v common inconsi/5cy1 & failure 9 elem5t>y logic1 :i* p]mits m5--:ile easily & hyp]bolically commis]at+ ! fate ( an emmet1 a beetle1 or a worm--to ignore ! necess>ily inf9itely great] suff]+s ( ! highly-organis$ victims ( ! ,table40 ,,xxiv4 ,,voltaire4 #afid-aggh4 ,( ! life & lit]>y productions ( ! mo/ rem>kable "n 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( lit]ature--if at lea/ we reg>d ! ext5t & v>iety ( 8 a/oni%+ g5ius1 z well z ! imm5se influ5ce1 contempor>y & future1 ( 8 writ+s--only a brief outl9e c be giv5 "h4 ,yet1 z ! mo/ em95t humanit>ian prophet ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! pr9cipal facts ( 8 life des]ve some:at l>g] notice ?an )9 ! g5]al scope ( ?is "w4 ,franois ,m>ie ,ar\et--commonly kn[n by 8 assum$ "n ( ,voltaire--on 8 "m's side ( a family ( position rec5tly ennobl$1 0 born at ,*at5ay1 ne> ,p>is4 ,he 0 educat$ at ! ,jesuits' ,college ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :]e1 x is said1 ! fa!rs already =etold 8 future em95ce4 ,l _m o!r illu/ri\s writ]s he 0 orig9ally de/9$ = ! 8,law10 :i* 0 little adapt$ to 8 g5ius1 &1 l 8 great prototype1 ,lucian1 & o!rs1 he soon ab&on$ all ?\ght ( t pr(ession = lett]s & philosophy4 ,he _h ! good =tune1 at an e>ly age1 to ga9 ! fav\r ( ! celebrat$ ,n9on de ,l5clos1 :o left him a legacy ( #b1jjj livres = ! pur*ase ( a libr>y--an important ev5t :i* 0 d\btless ! means ( confirm+ 8 intellectual bias4 ,voltaire's fir/ lit]>y conceptions 7 =m$ 9 ! ,ba/ile1 t infam\s repres5tative ( despotic caprice1 to :i* "s v]ses ( :i* he 0 ! reput$ au?or1 satiris+ ! lic5ti\s extravagance ( ! ,c\rt ( ! late k+1 ,l\is ,,xiv41 _h consign$ him at ! age ( tw5ty4 ,soon aft]w>ds appe>$ ! trag$y ( dipe 7f\nd$ ^u ! well-kn[n dramas ( ,sophocles71 ! fir/ mod]n drama 9 :i* ! univ]sal & traditional love sc5es 7 disc>d$4 ,?is contempt = ! conv5tionalities1 h[ev]1 excit$ ! indignation ( ! play-go]s1 & ! dipe 01 at its fir/ repres5tation1 hiss$ (f ! /age4 ,! au?or f\nd himself =c$ to sacrifice to ! popul> ta/es1 & 8 trag$y 0 receiv$ ) applause4 ,two memorable v]ses indicat$ ! bias ( ! future antagoni/ ( ecclesia/ical or?odoxy1 & naturally provok$ ! ho/ility ( ! pr(ession :i* he _h d>$ s op5ly to assail3-- 8,nos prtres ne sont pas ce qu'un va9 peuple p5se3 ,notre cr$ulit fait t\te leur sci5ce40 ,x 0 dur+ ?is imprisonm5t1 too1 t he =m$ ! fir/ idea ( ! ,h5riade 7or ,! ,league1 z x 0 orig9ally call$71 ! only epic poem wor?y ( ! "n 9 ! ,fr5* language4 ,a *ance qu>rel ) an insol5t c\rti] 0 ! cause ( ,voltaire's second inc>c]ation 9 ! ,ba/ile )1 at ! end ( six mon?s1 a p]emptory ord] to abs5t himself f ! capital4 ,^! exp]i5ces ( despotic caprice & ( sophi/icat$ society he long aft]w>ds embodi$ 9 two ( 8 be/ romances1 ,l',+nu & ,micro-mgas 7! 8,little-,big ,man071 "o ( ! mo/ exquisite productions ( ,satire4 ,! y\?ful victim ( ^! malici\s p]secutions det]m9$ ^u seek+ refuge 9 ,engl&1 ^: fre] air _h already inspir$ ,newton1 ,locke1 ,%aftesbury1 & o!r em95t lead]s ( ,?\ght4 ,a flatt]+ welcome await$ him--& subscriptions to ! ,h5riade1 bett] receiv$ "h ?an 9 ,france1 gratifi$ 8 pride & fill$ 8 purse4 ,dur+ 8 soj\rn ( ?ree ye>s 9 ?is c\ntry1 he made ! mo/ ( 8 "t 9 /udy+ its be/ lit]ature1 & cultivat+ ! acqua9tance ( its mo/ em95t liv+ writ]s4 ,8 trag$y ( ,brutus 0 foll[$ by ,la ,mort de ,cs> :i*1 f its ta9t ( lib]alism1 0 n all[$ to be pr9t$ 9 ,france4 ,^u 8 return to ,p>is he publi%$ 8 ,zare--f9i%$ 9 eighte5 days--! fir/ trag$y 9 :i*1 des]t+ ! foot/eps ( ,corneille & ,rac9e1 he v5tur$ to foll[ ! b5t ( 8 own g5ius4 ,! plan ( ,zare has be5 pron\nc$ to be "o ( ! mo/ p]fect ev] contriv$ = ! /age4 ,m important1 by its influ5ce ^u contempor>y ?\ght1 0 8 fam\s ,lett]s on ! ,engli%--a "w design$ to in=m 8 c\ntrym5 g5]ally ( ! lit]ature1 ?\ght1 & political & !ological p>ties ( ! rival nation1 &1 m especially1 ( ! discov]ies ( ,newton & ,locke4 ,desc>tes1 at ?is mom5t supreme 9 ,france1 _h succe$$ to ! vacant ?rone ( ! s-call$ ,ari/otelian ,s*oolm54 ,8 sy/em1 a great advance ^u ! old1 broa*$ "s errors 9 physics1 among/ o!rs ! !ory ( 8,vortices0 to expla9 ! planet>y movem5ts4 ,a mu* m p]nici\s & repreh5sible error 0 8 absurd d5ial ( consci\s feel+ & intellig5ce to ! l[] races1 :i* 0 admirably expos$ by ,voltaire 9 8 ,elm5s de ,newton & else:]e4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,newton's extraord9>y discov]ies _h already made ,desc>tes obsolete1 z f> z ! savans 7 conc]n$ at lea/1 b ! ,fr5* sci5tific _w /ill clung1 = ! mo/ "p1 to ! ,c>tesian pr9ciples4 ,z = ,locke1 he _h ov]turn$ ! or?odox cre$ ( 8innate ideas10 supply+ in/ead s5sation & reflection4 ,?is advocacy ( ! new philosophy1 add$ to ! success ( 8 trag$ies = ! !atre1 8,drew says ,voltaire 9 8 ,mmoires a :ole libr>y ( pamphlets d[n ^u me1 9 :i* !y prov$ ,i 0 a bad poet1 an a!i/1 & ! son ( a peasant4 ,a hi/ory ( my life 0 pr9t$ 9 :i* ?is g5ealogy 0 ins]t$4 ,an indu/ri\s ,g]man took c>e to collect all ! tales ( t k9d :i* _h be5 cramm$ into ! libel1 !y _h publi%$ aga9/ me4 ,!y imput$ adv5tures to me ) p]sons ,i nev] knew1 & ) o!rs :o nev] exi/$4 ,i h f\nd :ile writ+ ?is a lett] f ! ,m>*al de ,ri*elieu :i* in=m$ me ( an impud5t lampoon :]e x 0 prov$ 8 wife _h giv5 me an elegant c\*1 ) some?+ else1 at a "t :5 he _h no wife4 ,at fir/ ,i took "s pleasure 9 mak+ collections ( ^! calumnies1 b !y multipli$ to su* a degree ,i 0 oblig$ to leave (f4 ,su* are ! fruits ,i ga!r$ f my lab\rs4 ,i1 h[ev]1 easily consol$ myself1 sometimes 9 my retreat at ,cirey1 & at o!r times 9 mix+ ) ! be/ society40 ,among/ o!r subjects ! ,lettres 7a ma/]piece ( criticism & sort ( essays1 s9ce (t5 imitat$ b seldom or nev]1 p]haps1 equall$ 9 _! k9d7 conta9s an admirable essay ^u ! ,quak]s1 to :om he did ju/ice4 ,he introduces "o ( !m 9 conv]sation ) him1 ?us apologis+ = 8 ecc5tricities3 8,confess t ?\ ha/ _h "s tr\ble to prev5t ?yself f laugh+ :5 ,i answ]$ all ?y civilities ) my hat ^u my head & ) ?\+ & !e-+ !e 7en te tutoyant74 ,yet ?\ seeme/ to me too well in=m$ to be ignorant t1 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 no nation fell into ! ridicul\sness ( sub/itut+ ! plural = ! s+ul>4 ,!y us$ to say to ,cs>-,augu/us3 #8,i love !e1' #8,i pray !e1' #8,i ?ank !e4' ,he w\ld n all[ himself to be call$ #8,monsieur' 7dom9us74 ,x 0 only a long "t aft] him t m5 ?\ght ( caus+ !mselves to be address$ z y 9 place ( ?\1 z ?\gh !y 7 d\ble1 & ( usurp+ imp]t95t titles ( gr&eur1 ( em95ce1 ( hol9ess1 ( div9ity ev51 :i* e>?worms give to o!r e>?worms1 :ile assur+ !m ) a pr(\nd respect 7& ) an infam\s fals5ess71 !y are _! v humble & v ob$i5t s]vants4 ,x is 9 ord] to be ^u our gu>d aga9/ ?is unwor?y comm]ce ( lies & ( flatt]ies t we #8!e' & #8?\' equally k+s & kit*5-maids3 t we give ! ord9>y complim5ts to no "o1 hav+ = m5 only *>ity1 & res]v+ our respect = ! laws4 ,we we> a dress a little diff]5t f o!r m51 9 ord] t x may be = u a cont9ual w>n+ n to resemble !m4 ,o!rs we> m>ks ( _! dignities1 we ^? ( ,*ri/ian humility4 ,we nev] use oa?s1 n ev5 9 law c\rts3 we ?9k t ! "n ( ! ,mo/ ,high ought n to be pron\nc$ 9 ! mis]able debates ( m54 ,:5 we are =c$ to appe> be=e ! magi/rates on o!rs' bus9ess 7= we nev] h law suits ourselves71 we affirm ! tru? by a #8yes' or a #8no1' & ! judges believe u ^u our simple ^w1 :ile s _m o!r ,*ri/ians p]jure !mselves ^u ! ,gospel4 ,we nev] g to w>4 ,x is n t we fe> dea?1 b x is because we are nei!r tig]s1 nor wolves1 nor dogs1 b m51 b ,*ri/ians4 ,our ,god1 :o has told u to love our enemies & to suff] )\t a murmur1 d\btless w\ld n h u cross ! sea to g & cut ! ?roats ( our bro!rs1 because assass9s1 clo!d 9 r$ & 9 hats ( two feet high1 enrol citiz5s to ! accompanim5t ( a noise produc$ by two little /icks ^u ! dri$ sk9 ( an ass4 ,& :51 aft] battles won1 all ,london is brilliant ) illum9ations1 :5 ! sky is 9 flames ) musket %ots1 :5 ! air re-e*oes ) s\nds ( ?anksgiv+1 ) bells1 ) organs1 ) cannons1 we groan 9 sil5ce ov] ! murd]s :i* cause ! public light-he>t$ness40 7,lettre ,,ii47 ,ab\t ?is p]iod1 frequ5t+ less ! fa%ionable & trifl+ society ( ! capital1 & cont5t+ himself ) ! company ( a few cong5ial m9ds1 he =m$ among/ o!rs a sympa!tic fri5d%ip ) ! ,m>quise de ,*telet1 a lady ( extraord9>y tal5ts4 8,i 0 tir$ ?us he beg9s 8 unf9i%$ ,mmoires1 ,i 0 tir$ ( ! lazy & noisy life l$ at ,p>is1 ( ! multitude ( petit-matres1 ( bad books pr9t$ ) ! approbation ( c5sors & ! privilege ( ! k+1 ( ! cabals & p>ties among ! le>n$1 & ( ! mean arts ( plagi>ism & book-mak+ :i* di%on\r ,lit]ature40 ,! lady 0 ! equal ( ,madame ,daci] 9 k ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 languages1 & %e 0 famili> ) all ! be/ mod]n writ]s4 ,%e wrote a comm5t>y on ,leibnitz4 ,%e also translat$ ! ,pr9cipia4 ,h] fav\rite pursuits1 h[ev]1 7 ma!matics & metaphysics4 8,%e 0 none ! less fond ( ! _w & ^? amusem5ts famili> to h] age & sex4 ,%e det]m9$ to leave !m all & bury h]self 9 an old ru9\s *teau on ! bord]s ( ,*ampagne & ,lorra9e1 situat$ 9 a b>r5 & unheal?y soil4 ,?is old *teau %e ornam5t$ ) suffici5tly pretty g>d5s4 ,i built a gall]y1 & =m$ a v good collection ( natural hi/ory1 add$ to :i* we _h a libr>y n badly furni%$4 ,we 7 visit$ by sev]al ( ! savans1 :o came to philosophise 9 our retreat4444 ,i taught ,engli% to ,madame de ,*telet1 :o1 9 ab\t ?ree mon?s und]/ood x z well z ,i did1 & read ,newton1 & ,locke1 & ,pope1 ) equal ease4 ,we read all ! works ( ,tasso & ,ario/o toge!r1 s t :5 ,alg]otti came to ,cirey1 :]e he f9i%$ 8 ,newtonianism = ,wom51 he f\nd h] suffici5tly skilful 9 8 own language to give him "s v excell5t in=mation by :i* he pr(it$40 ,voltaire _h already 7#agda7 giv5 to ! _w 8 ,elm5s de ,newton--a "w :i*1 9 conjunction ) o!r p>ts ( 8 writ+s1 proves t _h he *os5 to apply himself :olly to natural philosophy or to ma!matics he might h rea*$ ! highe/ fame 9 ^? dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce4 ,x is 9 ! ,elm5s t ,voltaire records 8 noble prote/ at ! same "t aga9/ ! mon/r\s hypo!sis ( ,desc>tes1 to :i* we h already ref]r$1 & aga9/ ! selfi% cruelty ( our species4 8,!re is 9 man a disposition to compassion z g5]ally diffus$ z 8 o!r in/9cts4 ,newton _h cultivat$ ?is s5tim5t ( humanity1 & he ext5d$ x to ! l[] animals4 ,) ,locke he 0 /rongly conv9c$ t ,god has giv5 to !m a proportion ( ideas1 & ! same feel+s :i* he has to u4 ,he c\ld n believe t ,god1 :o has made no?+ 9 va91 w\ld h giv5 to !m organs ( feel+ 9 ord] t !y might h no feel+4 8,he ?\ght x a v frightful inconsi/5cy to believe t animals feel & at ! same "t to cause !m to suff]4 ,on ?is po9t 8 morality 0 9 accord ) 8 philosophy4 ,he yield$ b ) repugnance to ! b>b>\s cu/om ( support+ ourselves ^u ! blood & fle% ( be+s l ourselves1 :om we c>ess1 & he nev] p]mitt$ 9 8 own h\se ! putt+ !m to dea? by sl[ & exquisite re*]*es modes ( kill+ = ! sake ( mak+ ! food m delici\s4 ,?is compassion1 :i* he felt = o!r animals1 culm9at$ 9 true *>ity = m54 ,9 tru?1 )\t humanity1 a virtue :i* compreh5ds all virtues1 ! "n ( philosoph] w\ld be little des]v$40#afa ,at ,cirey "s ( 8 be/ trag$ies 7 compos$--,alzire1 ,mrope1 & ,mehemet2 ! ,disc\rs sur l',homme1 a moral poem 9 ! /yle ( ,pope's ,essays1 pron\nc$ to be "o ( ! f9e/ monum5ts ( ,fr5* poetry2 an ,essay on ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 7= 8 fri5d's use1 to correct z well z supplem5t ,bossuet's spl5did b little philosophic hi/ory71 ! f\ndation ( p]haps 8 mo/ admirable production ! ,essai sur les ,murs et l',esprit des ,nations1 & _m less] pieces1 includ+ a l>ge correspond5ce4 ,besides ^! lit]>y works1 he engag$ 9 ma!matical & sci5tific /udies1 :i* result$ 9 "s bro*ures ( consid]able value4 ,ab\t ?is "t 7#agdj7 news arriv$ ( ! dea? ( ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ( ,prussia4 ,mo/ read]s "k ! extraord9>y "* ( ?is /range p]sonage1 :o can$ ! wom5 & 8 cl]gy 9 ! /reets ( 8 capital1 & :o 0 ) difficulty dissuad$ f ord]+ 8 son's execution4 ,n>r[ly escap+ ) 8 life ! pr9ce _h devot$ himself to lit]>y pursuits1 & _h kept up a correspond5ce ) ! lead+ m5 ( lett]s ( ,france1 & above all ) ! au?or ( ,zare :om he reg>d$ z little less ?an div9e4 ,! new k+ set ab\t inspect+ 8 t]ritories1 & proce$$ incognito to ,brussels1 :]e ! fir/ int]view betwe5 ! two future mo/ em95t p]sons 9 ,europe took place4 ,repair+ to 8 maje/y's qu>t]s-- 8,"o soldi] 0 ! only gu>d ,i f\nd4 ,! ,privy-,c\ncillor & ,m9i/] ( ,/ate 0 walk+ 9 ! c\rt-y>d bl[+ 8 f+]s4 ,he _h on a l>ge pair ( co>se ruffles1 a hat all 9 holes1 & a judge's old wig1 "o side ( :i* hung into 8 pocket & ! o!r sc>cely t\*$ 8 %\ld]4 ,!y in=m$ me t ?is man 0 *>g$ ) a /ate affair ( great importance1 & s inde$ he 04 ,i 0 conduct$ into 8 maje/y's ap>tm5ts1 9 :i* ,i f\nd no?+ b f\r b>e walls4 ,by ! light ( a tap] ,i p]ceiv$ a small truckle-b$ two feet & a half wide 9 a closet1 ^u :i* lay a little man wrapp$ 9 a morn+ dress+-g[n ( blue clo?4 ,x 0 8 maje/y :o lay p]spir+ & %ak+ b5ea? a mis]able cov]let 9 a viol5t ague fit4 ,i made my b[1 & began my acqua9tance by feel+ 8 pulse1 z if ,i _h be5 8 fir/ physician4 ,! fit left him1 & he rose1 dress$ himself1 & sat d[n to table ) ,alg]otti1 ,maup]tuis1 ! ambassador ( ! ,/ates-g5]al1 & myself4 ,at supp] he treat$ mo/ pr(\ndly ( ! s\l1 natural lib]ty1 & ! ,&rogynes ( ,plato4 ,i soon f\nd myself atta*$ to him1 = he _h wit1 an agreeable mann]1 & moreov] 0 a k+1 :i* is a circum/ance ( s$uction h>dly to be vanqui%$ by human weakness4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x is ! employm5t ( m5 ( lett]s to flatt] k+s1 b 9 ?is in/ance ,i 0 prais$ by a k+ f ! cr[n ( my head to ! soles ( my feet at ! same "t t ,i 0 libell$ at lea/ once a week by ! ,abb ,desfonta9es & o!r ,grub-/reet poets ( ,p>is40 ,voltaire receiv$ a press+ invitation to ,b]l94 8,b ,i _h be=e giv5 him to und]/& ,i c\ld n come to /ay ) him2 t ,i deem$ x a duty to pref] fri5d%ip to ambition2 t ,i 0 atta*$ to ,mdlle4 de ,*telet1 & t1 betwe5 philosoph]s1 ,i lov$ a lady bett] ?an a k+4 ,he approv$ ( ! lib]ty ,i took1 ?\gh1 = 8 "p1 he did n love ! ladies4 ,i w5t to pay him a visit 9 ,octob]1 & ! ,c>d9al de ,fleury ! ,fr5* premi] wrote me a long lett]1 full ( praises ( ! ,anti-,ma*iavel1 & ( ! au?or ,fri$ri*1 :i* ,i did n =get to let him see40 ,! ,fr5* c\rt wi%$ to secure ! alliance ( ,fri$ri*4 ,no "o seem$ a m fitt+ m$iator ?an 8 e>ly c\nsellor1 :o 0 induc$ to accept ! mission1 & to set out = ,b]l91 :]e an en?usia/ic welcome await$ him1 ap>tm5ts 9 ! palace be+ plac$ at 8 disposal4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ! success ( ?is & o!r public s]vices1 8 enemies 9 ,p>is rema9$ 9 full possession ( ! field4 ,= ! second "t ,voltaire s\ght admission into ! ,acadmie--an empty hon\r1 ! grant+ or refusal ( :i* c\ld nei!r add to nor detract f 8 fame4 ,! pre/ige ( t society1 h[ev]1 he seem$ to consid] ess5tial to 8 safety aga9/ ! increas+ viol5ce & =midable array ( 8 enemies1 :o 7 b5t on cru%+ him1 by :atev] means4 ,x 0 only by submitt+ to ! mortification ( qualify+ "s ( 8 op9ions t he at l5g? succe$$ 9 8 object4 ,not)/&+ ! address ) :i* he manages 8 language1 x 7 bett]1 z 8 biograph]--! ,m>quis de ,condorcet--ju/ly rem>ks1 he _h r5\nc$ ! ,acadmie ?an h _h ! weakness to submit to s evid5t a f>ce4 ,on succe$+ to a vacant *air x 0 cu/om>y1 besides a eulogy ^u ! deceas$ memb]1 to speak 9 set t]ms ( praise ( ,ri*elieu & ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,?is traditional & s]vile practice ! new ,academician 0 ! fir/ to break ?r\gh4 ,philosophy & lit]ature 7 treat$ ( 9 unaccu/om$ /ra9s ( fre$om1 & 8 good example has be5 influ5tial on aft] g5]ations4 8,i 0 deem$ wor?y writes ,voltaire to be "o ( ! =ty useless memb]s ( ! ,acadmie1 0 appo9t$ hi/oriograph] ( ,france1 & creat$ by ! k+ "o ( ! g5tlem5 9 ord9>y ( 8 *amb]4 ,f ?is ,i conclud$ x 0 bett]1 9 ord] to make ! mo/ trifl+ =tune1 to speak f\r words to a k+'s mi/ress1 ?an to write a hundr$ volumes40 ,a sort ( exp]i5ce he has f9ely illu/rat$ 9 8 romance ( ,zadig4 ,/anislaus1 ! ex-k+ ( ,pol&1 0 keep+ 8 ,c\rt at ,luneville1 n f> f ,cirey1 :]e he divid$ 8 "t betwe5 8 mi/ress & 8 confessor4 ,to ?is royal retreat ! fri5ds ( ,cirey 7 invit$1 & ! :ole ( ! ye> #agdi 0 pass$ !re4 ,mean:ile ,madame de ,*telet di$1 & ,voltaire1 mu* affect$ by 8 loss1 return$ to ,p>is4 ,fri$ri* r$\bl$ 8 solicitation ) new hope4 8,i 0 de/9$ to run f k+ to k+1 al?\gh ,i lov$ lib]ty to idolatry4444 ,he 0 well assur$ t 9 reality 8 v]se & prose 7 sup]ior to my v]se & prose2 ?\gh z to ! =m]1 he ?\ght !re 0 a c]ta9 some?+ t ,i1 9 quality ( academician1 might give to 8 writ+s1 & !re 0 no k9d ( flatt]y1 no s$uction1 he did n employ to engage me to come40 ,! philosoph] at l5g? set out = ,b]l91 & 8 reception mu/ h rea*$ 8 highe/ expectations4 ,we h no int5tion to repeat ! acc\nt ( ?is s+ul> episode 9 8 life1 :i* has be5 s (t5 n>rat$4 ,ev5+s ( ! mo/ agreeable k9d1 abundance ( wit1 unre/ra9$ conv]sation1 ! society ( "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( sci5ce ( ! "t1 ! unb\nd$ adoration ( a royal ho/1 eag]1 above all ?+s1 to reta9 s brilliant a gue/--su* 7 ! pleasures ( ?is palace ( ,alc9a1 z he calls x4 ,b ! imp]i\s temp]s ( ! two unequal fri5ds soon prov$ ! impossibility ( a la/+ ent5te1 & rivalries among/ ! lit]>y c\rti]s ha/5$1 if !y did n effect1 ! f9al rupture4 ,aft] 8 escape f ,b]l9 ,voltaire pass$ a few weeks ) ! ,du*ess ( ,saxe-,go?a1 8! be/ ( pr9cesses1 full ( g5tl5ess1 discretion1 & equanimity1 & :o1 ,god be ?ank$1 did n make v]ses0 7allud+ to 8 late ho/'s proclivities71 & "s days ) ! ,l&grave ( ,hesse on 8 way to ,frank=t4 ,lit]ature _h n suff]$ dur+ ! life at ,b]l94 ,f9i%+ t\*es 7 put to _m ( ! trag$ies--! ge de ,l\is ,,xiv4 0 complet$1 "p ( ! ,essai sur les ,murs et l',esprit des ,nations writt51 ,la ,pucelle 7! lea/ wor?y ( all 8 productions7 correct$1 & a poem1 ,sur la ,loi ,naturelle1 compos$ 7a "w ( a f> bett] inspiration ?an ! poem j m5tion$1 b :i* 0 publicly burn$ at ,p>is by ! misdirect$ zeal ( ! bigots74 ,9 a lat] poem on ! de/ruction ( ,lisbon1 z well z 9 ! romance ( ,c&ide1 fir$ ) indignation at ! hypocrisies & mis*iefs ( ! easy-go+ cre$ ( ,optimism 7z g5]ally und]/ood71 s welcome to self-complac5t or?odoxy1 he display$ all 8 va/ p[]s ( s>casm 9 expos+ its fatal absurdities4 ,leibnitz _h be5 "o ( its mo/ /r5u\s apologi/s4 ,9 ! p]son ( ! wret*$ ,pangloss ! !ory ( 8! be/ ( all possible worlds10 & ( ! 8et]nal fitness ( ?+s10 is ov]:elm$1 inde$1 ) an excess ( ridicule4 ,x is to be lam5t$ t ! satiri/ all[$ 8 sva indignatio to ov]p[] a prop] s5se ( ! proprieties ( language & expression4 ,voltaire 0 n[ become a pot5tate m dread$ ?an a sov]eign-pr9ce on 8 ?rone1 an object ( hatr$ & t]ror to political & o!r oppressors4 ,aft] "s hesitation he _h *os5 = 8 retreat ! ev]-memorable ,f]ney--a place )9 ,fr5* t]ritory1 on ! bord]s ( ,switz]l&--& also a spot ne> ,g5eva1 :]e he alt]nately resid$1 escap+ at pleasure ei!r f ,ca?olic intol]ance or f ,puritanic rig\r1 ) 8 niece--,madame ,d5is1 :o _h anxi\sly att5d$ him dur+ a rec5t illness4 ,f ^! retreats he made himself he>d ov] all ,europe 9 def5ce ( reason & humanity4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t 7#agef7 t he employ$ 8 eloqu5ce to save ,admiral ,byng1 a victim to m9i/]ial necessities1 :o 0 nev]!less condemn$1 z 8 advocate expresses x 9 ,c&ide1 8p\r enc\rag] les autres40 ,a l philan?ropic ef=t1 equally va91 0 made on behalf ( ! /ill m un=tunate ,comte de ,lally4 ,! ye> #ageg is memorable 9 lit]ature z t 9 :i* he gave to ! _w an accurate edition ( 8 already publi%$ works1 enri*$ by "o ( 8 mo/ m]itori\s productions1 ! ,essai sur les ,murs et l',esprit des ,nations1 :i* n[ appe>$ 9 its complete =m4 ,hi/ory1 ! au?or ju/ly compla9$1 _h hi!rto be5 b a uni=m *ronicle ( k+s1 c\rts1 & c\rt intrigues4 ,! hi/ory ( legislation1 arts1 sci5ces1 comm]ce1 morals1 _h be5 always1 or almo/ always1 neglect$4 8,we imag9e says ,condorcet1 :ile we read su* hi/ories1 t ! human race 0 creat$ only to exhibit ! political or milit>y tal5ts ( a few individuals1 & t ! object ( society is n ! happ9ess ( ! ,species b ! pleasure ( ! ,few40 ,if ! be/ hi/orical works ( ! pres5t day are a consid]able improvem5t ^u ^? :i* 7 9 fa%ion be=e ,voltaire's critiques1 ! rem>ks ( ,condorcet are n altoge!r inapplicable to ! popul> & s*ool manuals /ill 9 vogue4 ,at all ev5ts ?is /yle ( compos+ 8hi/ory10 ridicul$ by ! wit ( ,lucian sixte5 c5turies be=e1 0 ! univ]sal me?od d[n to ! appe>ance ( ! celebrat$ ,essai4 ,beg9n+ ) ,*>lemagne1 x pres5ts1 9 a rapid1 concise1 & philosophic /yle1 ! mo/ important & int]e/+ features1 n only ( ,european b ( ! _w's hi/ory1 adorn$ ) all ! grace & ease ( :i* he 0 always s consummate a ma/]4 ,_m !re always are :o conceive ( philosophy & erudition only z envelop$ 9 v]bosity & obscurity4 ,dulness & le>n+ 9 ! common m9d are conv]tible t]ms4 ,! v transp>5cy & cle>ness ( 8 /yle 7 reproa*$ to him z a sign ( sup]ficiality & want ( exactness--! la/ faults :i* c\ld be ju/ly imput$ to him4 ,h[ev]1 ! influ5ce ( ,voltaire became app>5t 9 ! productions ( ! ,engli% hi/orical s*ool1 till !n unkn[n1 :i* soon aft]w>ds arose4 ,! ,italian ,vico1 & ,beau=t1 9 ,france1 9 ! p>ticul> bran* ( ,roman antiquity1 & ,bayle 9 g5]al1 _h already contribut$ 9 "s degree t[>ds ! f\nd+ ( a critical s*ool2 b ^! attempts 7 p>tial only4 ,to ,voltaire belongs ! hon\r ( hav+ appli$ ! pr9ciples ( criticism at once univ]sally & popul>ly4 ,9 review+ ! hi/ory & mann]s ( ! ,h9dus he repeat$ly expresses 8 sympa?y1 m or less directly1 ) _! av]sion f ! co>s] liv+ ( ! ,we/3-- 8,! ,h9dus1 9 embrac+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,metmpsy*osis1 _h "o re/ra9t ! m4 ,! dread ( kill+ a fa!r or "m1 9 kill+ m5 & o!r animals1 inspir$ 9 !m a t]ror ( murd] & e o!r viol5ce1 :i* became ) !m a second nature4 ,?us all ! peoples ( ,india1 ^: families are n alli$ ei!r to ! ,arabs or to ! ,t>t>s1 are /ill at ?is day ! milde/ ( all m54 ,_! religion & ! temp]ature ( _! climate made ^! peoples entirely resemble ^? peaceful animals :om we br+ up 9 our %eep p5s & our dove cotes = ! purpose ( cutt+ _! ?roats at our good w & pleasure4444 8,! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* ^! primitives ! ,quak]s alone foll[ out to ! lett]1 is z great an enemy to blood%$ z ! ,py?agorean4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian peoples h nev] practis$ _! religion1 & ! anci5t ,h9du ca/es h always practis$ !irs4 ,x is because ,py?agoreanism is ! only religion 9 ! _w :i* has be5 able to educe a religi\s feel+ f ! horror ( murd] & slaught]4444 8,"s h suppos$ ! cradle ( our race to be ,h9du/an1 alleg+ t ! feeble/ ( all animals mu/ h be5 born 9 ! s(te/ climate1 & 9 a l& :i* produces )\t culture ! mo/ n\ri%+ & mo/ heal?ful fruits1 l dates & cocoa nuts4 ,! latt] especially easily af=ds m5 ! means ( exi/5ce1 ( clo?+ & ( h\s+ !mselves--& ( :at besides has ! inhabitant ( t ,p59sula ne$8444 ,our ,h\ses ( ,c>nage1 :i* !y call ,but*]-,%ops b\*]ies1 :]e !y sell s _m c>cases to fe$ our own1 w\ld import ! plague into ! climate ( ,india4 8,^! peoples ne$ & desire pure & refre%+ foods4 ,nature has lavi%$ ^u !m =e/s ( citron trees1 orange trees1 fig trees1 palm trees1 cocoa-nut trees1 & pla9s cov]$ ) rice4 ,! /ronge/ man c ne$ to sp5d b "o or two s\s a day = 8 subsi/5ce4#afb ,our workm5 sp5d m 9 "o day ?an a ,malab> native 9 a mon?4444 8,9 g5]al1 ! m5 ( ! ,s\?-,ea/ h receiv$ f ,nature g5tl] mann]s ?an ! p ( our ,we/4 ,_! climate disposes !m to ab/a9 f /rong liquors & f ! fle% ( animals--foods :i* excite ! blood & (t5 provoke f]ocity--&1 al?\gh sup]/ition & =eign irruptions h corrupt$ ! goodness ( _! disposition1 nev]!less all travell]s agree t ! "* ( ^! peoples has no?+ ( t irritability1 ( t caprice1 & ( t h>%ness :i* x has co/ mu* tr\ble to keep )9 b\nds 9 ! c\ntries ( ! ,nor?40 ,9 notic+ ! comp>ative progress ( ! v>i\s =eign religions 9 ,india1 ,voltaire obs]ves t-- 8,! ,mohamm$an religion alone has made progress 9 ,india1 especially among/ ! ri*] classes1 because x is ! religion ( ! ,pr9ce1 & because x tea*es b ! div9e unity con=mably to ! anci5t tea*+ ( ! fir/ ,brahm9s4 ,*ri/ianity he adds1 only too truly has n _h ! same success1 not)/&+ ! l>ge e/abli%m5ts ( ! ,portuguese1 ( ! ,fr5*1 ( ! ,engli%1 ( ! ,dut*1 ( ! ,danes4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! conflict ( ^! nations :i* has injur$ ! progress ( our ,fai?4 ,z !y all hate ea* o!r1 & z sev]al ( !m (t5 make w> "o ^u ! o!r 9 _! climates1 :at !y tea* is naturally hateful to ! peaceful inhabitants4 ,_! cu/oms1 besides1 revolt ! ,h9dus4 ,^? p are sc&alis$ at see+ u dr9k+ w9e & eat+ fle%1 :i* !y !mselves abhor40#afc ,?is--"o ( ! *ief ob/acles to ! spread ( ,*ri/ian civilisation 9 ! ,ea/1 & especially 9 ,india1 viz41 ! eat+ ( fle% & ! dr9k+ ( alcohol1 its legitimate att5dant--has be5 ackn[l$g$ by ,*ri/ian mission>ies !mselves ( late ye>s4 ,employ$ z he 0 9 v>i\s lit]>y und]tak+s he _h be5 wat*+ ) great int]e/1 n1 p]haps1 )\t a secret wi% = v5geance1 ! important political & milit>y complications ( ,europe4 ,aft] "s brilliant successes ! ,prussian k+ _h be5 r$uc$ to ! la/ extremity4 ,at ?is juncture ! =m] fri5ds agre$ to =get1 z f> z possible1 _! old qu>rel1 & ,voltaire enjoy$ ! satisfaction ( hav+ succe$$ 9 dissuad+ ,fri$ri* f suicide4 ,! victories ( ,rosba* & ,breslau n long aft]w>ds *ang$ ! condition ( ?+s once aga94 ,f ?is "t ! pr9ce & ! philosoph] resum$ ! "n1 if n ! cordiality1 ( fri5ds4 ,a curi\s accid5t put ! arbitram5t ( peace & w> = "s weeks into ! h&s ( ,voltaire4 ,! ,prussian k+1 :ile inactive 9 8 =tifi$ camp1 wrote1 z 8 cu/om 01 a quantity ( v]se & s5t ! packet to ,f]ney4 ,among/ ! mass--good1 bad1 & indiff]5t--0 a satire on ,l\is & 8 mi/ress4 ,! packet _h be5 op5$ be=e rea*+ its de/9ation4 8,_h ,i be5 incl9$ to amuse myself1 x dep5d$ only on me to set ! ,k+ ( ,france & ! ,k+ ( ,prussia to w> 9 rhyme1 :i* w\ld h be5 a novel f>ce on e>?4 ,b ,i enjoy$ ano!r pleasure--t ( be+ m prud5t ?an ,fri$ri*4 ,i wrote him ^w t 8 ,ode 0 beautiful1 b t he ought n to publi% x4444 ,to make ! pleasantry complete ,i ?\ght x possible to lay ! f\ndation ( ! peace ( ,europe on ^! poetical pieces4 ,my correspond5ce ) ! ,duc de ,*oiseul ! ,fr5* ,premi] gave bir? to t idea1 & x appe>$ s ridicul\s1 s wor?y ( ! transactions ( ! times1 t ,i indulg$ x1 & _h ! satisfaction ( prov+ on :at weak & invisible pivots ! de/9ies ( nations turn40 ,sev]al lett]s pass$ betwe5 ! ?ree be=e ! dang] 0 av]t$4 ,! limit$ space at our disposal w all[ u only rapidly to notice "s ( ! rema9+ *efs-d'uvre ( ,voltaire4 ,! celebrat$ ,encyclopdie1 "u ! auspices ( ,d',alemb]t & ,did]ot1 _h be5 lately comm5c$4 ,to ?is great "w1 to :i* he look$ ) "s hope z promis+ a sev]e assault on ignorance & prejudice1 ,voltaire contribut$ a few articles4 ,x is n ! place "h to n>rate ! hi/ory ( ! fi]ce w> ( words to :i* ! ,encyclopdie gave bir?4 ,x 0 complet$ 9 ab\t fifte5 ye>s1 9 #agge--;a memorable ye> 9 lit]ature4 8,sev]al m5 ( lett]s ?us ,voltaire briefly describes ! project1 mo/ e/imable by _! le>n+ & "*1 =m$ an association to compose an imm5se ,diction>y ( :atev] c\ld enlight5 ! human m9d1 & x became an object ( comm]ce ) ! booksell]s4 ,! ,*ancellor1 ! ,m9i/ry1 all enc\rag$ s noble an ent]prise4 ,sev5 volumes _h already appe>$1 & 7 translat$ into ,engli%1 ,g]man1 ,dut*1 & ,italian4 ,?is treasure1 op5$ by ! ,fr5* to all nations1 may be consid]$ z :at did u mo/ hon\r at ! "t1 s mu* 7 ! excell5t articles 9 ! ,encyclopdie sup]ior to ! bad1 :i* also 7 tol]ably num]\s4 ,"o _h little to compla9 ( 9 ! "w1 except too _m pu]ile declamations un=tunately adopt$ by ! editors1 :o seiz$ :atev] came to h& to swell ! "w4 ,b all :i* ^? editors wrote !mselves 0 good40 ,! article :i* 0 p>ticul>ly select$ by ! prosecution 0 t on ! ,s\l1 8"o ( ! wor/ 9 ! "w1 writt5 by a poor doctor ( ! ,sorbonne1 :o kill$ himself ) declaim+1 rightly or wrongly1 aga9/ mat]ialism40 ,! writ]s1 z 8encyclopdi/es0 & 8philosoph]s0 7 long m>k$ by ^? titles = ! public opprobrium4 ,?is g5]al p]secution _h ! effect ( unit+ t p>ty = common def5ce4 ,= ,voltaire himself an important advantage 0 secur$4 ,mo/ ( ! pr9cipal m5 ( lett]s & sci5ce1 up to ?is "t ei!r av[$ enemies or coldly-di/ant fri5ds1 h5ce=w>d enroll$ !mselves "u 8 undisput$ lead]%ip4 ,ab\t ! same p]iod he publi%$ a numb] ( pieces1 prose & v]se1 direct$ aga9/ 8 enemies ( v>i\s k9ds1 !atrical z well z !ological4 ,among/ ! latt]1 conspicu\s by _! attacks1 b /ill m s by _! puni%m5t1 7 ,frron & ,desfonta9es1 ^: *a/isem5t 0 su* t1 accord+ to ,macaulay's hyp]bolic expression1 8sc\rg+1 br&+1 pillory+ w\ld h be5 a trifle to x40 ,x is m pleas+1 h[ev]1 to turn f ?is fi]ce w> ( retaliation1 9 :i* nei!r p>ty 0 free f blame1 to pro(s ( ! real b5evol5ce ( 8 disposition4 ,we c m]ely note ! /r5u\s ef=ts he made1 unsolicit$1 on behalf ( ,admiral ,byng & ! ,comte de ,lally1 & ! /ill m m]itori\s lab\rs 9 ! less well-kn[n hi/ories ( ,calas & ,s]v54 ,n by ^! public acts alone did ! man1 :o has be5 accus$ ( malignity1 discov] ! humanity ( 8 "*3 to ^: ready assi/ance 9 money1 z well z 9 c\nsel1 ! un=tunate ( ! lit]>y tribe & o!rs ackn[l$g$ _! obligations4 ,8 ,philosophie de l',hi/oire1 ! prototype ( its successors 9 "n at lea/1 0 design$ to expose t long-e/abli%$ & prevail+ idolatry ( ,antiquity1 :i* receiv$ ev]y?+ bequea!d by x ) a/\nd+ cr$ulity4 ,! ,philosophie call$ =? a num]\s ho/ ( small critics1 to :i* m5 :o knew1 or ought to h kn[n bett]1 alli$ !mselves4 ,_! curi\s way ( ma9ta9+ ! cr$it ( ,antiquity af=d$1 z may be imag9$1 ! au?or ( ! ,def5ce ( my ,uncle1 "u :i* title ,voltaire *ose to def5d himself1 full scope = ! ex]cise ( 8 unrivall$ p[]s ( irony4 ,w>burton1 ! p$ant ,bi%op ( ,gl\ce/]1 ) 8 odd !ories ab\t ! 8,div9e ,legation10 comes 9 = a %>e ( ?is ,dunciad sort ( immortalisation4 ,a "w ( equal m]it ) ! ,philosophie are ! ,que/ions1 address$ to ! lov]s ( sci5ce1 ^u ! ,encyclopdia1 :]e91 9 ! =m ( a diction>y1 he treats1 z ! ,m>quis de ,condorcet eloqu5tly describes1 8,successively ( !ology1 gramm>1 natural philosophy1 & lit]ature4 ,at "o "t he discusses subjects ( ,antiquity2 at ano!r que/ions ( policy1 legislation1 & public economy4 ,8 /yle1 always animat$ & s$uctive1 clo!d ^! v>i\s subjects ) a *>m hi!rto kn[n to himself alone1 & :i* spr+s *iefly f ! lic5ce ) :i*1 yield+ to 8 successive emotions1 adapt+ 8 /yle less to 8 subject ?an to ! mom5t>y disposition ( 8 m9d1 sometimes he spreads ridicule ov] objects :i* seem capable ( inspir+ only horror1 & almo/ in/antane\sly hurri$ away by ! en]gy & s5sibility ( 8 s\l1 he vehem5tly & eloqu5tly exclaims aga9/ abuses :i* he _h j be=e treat$ ) mock]y4 ,8 ang] is excit$ by false ta/e2 he quickly p]ceives t 8 indignation ought to be res]v$ = int]e/s m important1 & he f9i%es by laugh+ 9 8 usual way4 ,sometimes he abruptly leaves a moral or political discussion = a lit]>y criticism1 & 9 ! mid/ ( a lesson on ta/e he pron\nces ab/ract maxims ( ! pr(\nde/ philosophy1 or makes a sudd5 & t]rible attack on fanaticism & tyranny40 ,x is ) 8 romances t we are "h *iefly conc]n$1 s9ce x is 9 ^? light] productions ( 8 g5ius t he has mo/ especially all[$ u to see 8 op9ions ^u fle%-eat+4 ,9 ! *>m+ tale ( ,! ,pr9cess ( ,babylon1 h] att5dant ,phnix ?us acc\nts to 8 mi/ress = ! sil5ce ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! inf]ior races3-- 8,x is because m5 fell into ! practice ( eat+ u 9 place ( hold+ conv]se ) & be+ in/ruct$ by u4 ,! b>b>ians6 ,ought !y n to h conv9c$ !mselves t1 hav+ ! same organs z !y1 ! same p[] ( feel+1 ! same wants1 ! same desires1 we h :at !y call s\l z well z !mselves1 t we are _! bre?r51 & t only ! wick$ & bad des]ve to be cook$ & eat58 ,we are to su* a degree y\r bre?r5 t ! ,great ,be+1 ! ,et]nal & ,creative ,be+1 hav+ made a cov5ant ) m5#afd1 expressly compris$ u 9 ! treaty4 ,he =bad y to fe$ y\rselves ^u our blood1 & u to suck y\rs4 ,! fables ( y\r ,lokman1 translat$ into s _m languages1 w be an ev]la/+ witness ( ! happy comm]ce :i* y =m]ly _h ) u4 ,x is true t !re are _m wom5 among y :o are always talk+ to _! ,dogs2 b !y h resolv$ nev] to make any answ]1 f ! "t t !y 7 =c$ by bl[s ( ! :ip to g hunt+ & to be ! accomplices ( ! murd] ( our old common fri5ds1 ! ,de] & ! ,h>es & ! ,p>tridges4 ,y h /ill "s old poems 9 :i* ,horses talk & y\r coa*m5 address !m e day1 b ) s mu* grossness & co>s5ess1 & ) su* infam\s words1 t ,horses :o once lov$ y n[ dete/ y4444 ,! %eph]ds ( ! ,ganges1 born all equal1 are ! own]s ( innum]able flocks :o fe$ 9 mead[s t are p]petually cov]$ ) fl[]s4 ,!y are nev] slaught]$ !re4 ,x is a horrible crime 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,ganges to kill & eat "o's fell[s semblables4 ,_! wool1 f9] & m brilliant ?an ! mo/ beautiful silk1 is ! greate/ object ( comm]ce 9 ! ,ori5t40 ,a c]ta9 k+ _h ! tem]ity to attack ?is innoc5t p3-- 8,! k+ 0 tak5 prison] ) m ?an #fjj1jjj m54 ,!y ba!d him 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,ganges2 !y put him on ! salut>y rgime ( ! c\ntry1 :i* consi/s 9 vegetables1 :i* are lavi%$ by ,nature = ! support ( all human be+s4 ,m51 f$ ^u c>nage & dr9k+ /rong dr9ks1 h all an empoison$ & acrid blood1 :i* drives !m mad 9 a hundr$ diff]5t ways4 ,_! pr9cipal madness is t ( %$d+ ! blood ( _! bro!rs1 & ( deva/at+ f]tile pla9s to reign ov] cemet]ies40 ,h] admirable in/ructor caus$ ! pr9cess to ent] 8,a d9+-hall1 ^: walls 7 cov]$ ) orange-wood4 ,! "u-%eph]ds & %eph]desses1 9 long :ite dresses gird$ ) gold5 b&s1 s]v$ h] 9 a hundr$ baskets ( simple porcela91 ) a hundr$ delici\s meats1 among :i* 0 se5 no disguis$ corpse4 ,! fea/ 0 ( rice1 ( sago1 ( semol9a1 ( v]micelli1 ( macc>oni1 ( omelets1 ( eggs 9 milk1 ( cream-*eeses1 ( pa/ries ( e k9d1 ( vegetables1 ( fruits ( p]fume & ta/e ( :i* "o has no idea 9 o!r climates1 & a pr(usion ( refre%+ dr9ks sup]ior to ! be/ w9es40 ,hav+ occasion to visit ! l& p> excell5ce ( fle%-eat]s1 & be+ ent]ta9$ at ! h\se ( a c]ta9 ,engli% "l1 ! h]o1 ! amiable lov] ( ! pr9cess1 is que/ion$ by 8 ho/ 8,:e!r !y ate #8good roa/ beef' 9 ! c\ntry ( ! p ( ! ,ganges4 ,! ,veget>ian travell] repli$ to him ) 8 accu/om$ polit5ess t !y did n eat _! bre?r5 9 t "p ( ! _w4 ,he expla9$ to him ! sy/em & diet :i* 0 t ( ,py?agoras1 ( ,porphyry1 ( ,iambli*us2 :]eupon milord w5t (f into a s\nd slumb]40#afe ,amab$1 a "y ,h9du1 writes f ,europe to 8 affianc$ mi/ress 8 impressions ( ! ,*ri/ian sacr$ books &1 9 p>ticul>1 ( ,*ri/ian c>nivor\sness3-- 8,i pity ^? un=tunates ( ,europe :o h1 at ! mo/1 be5 creat$ only #f1idj ye>s2 :ile our era reckons #aae1feb ye>s ! ,brahm9ical computation4 ,i pity !m m = want+ pepp]1 ! sug>-cane1 & tea1 c(fee1 silk1 cotton1 inc5se1 aromatics1 & ev]y?+ t c r5d] life pleas+4 ,b ,i pity !m /ill m = com+ f s great a di/ance1 among s _m p]ils1 to ravi% f u1 arms 9 h&1 our provisions4 ,x is said at ,calicut !y h committ$ frightful cruelties only to procure pepp]4 ,x makes ! ,h9du nature1 :i* is 9 e way diff]5t f !irs1 %udd]2 _! /oma*s are c>nivor\s1 !y get drunk on ! f]m5t$ juices ( ! v9e1 :i* 0 plant$1 !y say1 by _! ,noah4 ,fa!r ,fa-,tutto "o ( ! mission>ies1 poli%$ z he is1 has himself cut ! ?roats ( two little *ick5s2 he has caus$ !m to be boil$ 9 a cauldron1 & has dev\r$ !m )\t pity4 ,?is b>b>\s action has drawn ^u him ! hatr$ ( all ! neighb\rhood1 ^: ang] we h appeas$ only ) mu* difficulty4 ,may ,god p>don me6 ,i believe t ?is /rang] w\ld h eat5 our sacr$ ,c[s1 :o give u milk1 if he _h be5 all[$ to d s4 ,a promise has be5 extort$ f him t he w commit no m murd]s ( ,h5s1 & t he w cont5t himself ) fre% eggs1 milk1 rice1 & our excell5t fruits & vegetables--pi/a*io nuts1 dates1 cocoa nuts1 almond cakes1 biscuits1 ananas1 oranges1 & ) ev]y?+ :i* our climate produces1 bless$ be ! ,et]nal60 ,9 ano!r lett] to 8 old ,h9du tea*] f ,rome1 :i!r he _h be5 induc$ to g by ! mission>ies1 speak+ ( ! fea/s 9 t 8citadel ( ! fai?10 he writes3-- 8,! d9+-hall 0 gr&1 conv5i5t1 & ri*ly ornam5t$4 ,gold & silv] %one ^u ! sidebo>ds4 ,gaiety & wit animat$ ! gue/s4 ,b1 meantime1 9 ! kit*5s blood & fat 7 /ream+ 9 "o horrible mass2 sk9s ( quadrup$s1 fea!rs ( birds & _! entrails1 pil$ up pell-mell1 oppress$ ! he>t1 & spread ! infection ( fev]s40#aff ,t "o :o hat$ & d5\nc$ inju/ice ( all k9ds1 & :o sympa?is$ ) ! suff]+ ( all innoc5t life1 %\ld ?us *>act]ise ! cruelty ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se is :at we might naturally look =2 z also t he %\ld d5\nce ! k9dr$ & ev5 worse atrocity ( ! physiological ,laboratory4 ,& x is a /range & unacc\ntable fact t1 among/ ! humanit>ians ( 8 "t1 he /&s app>5tly alone 9 condemnation ( ! secret tortures ( ! vivisectioni/s & pa?ologi/s--al?\gh1 p]haps1 ! almo/ univ]sal sil5ce may be attributable1 9 "p1 to ! v secresy ( ! exp]im5ts :i* only rec5t vigilance has fully detect$4 ,expos+ ! equally absurd & arrogant d5ial ( reason & intellig5ce to o!r animals1 & in/anc+ ! dog1 he proce$s3-- 8,!re are b>b>ians :o seize ?is dog1 :o s prodigi\sly surpasses man 9 fri5d%ip1 & nail him d[n to a table1 & dissect him alive to %ew y ! mez>aic ve9s4 ,y discov] 9 him all ! same organs ( feel+ z 9 y\rself4 ,answ] me1 ,ma*9i/ i4e41 support] ( ! !ory ( m]e me*anical action1 has ,nature really arrang$ all ! spr+s ( feel+ 9 ?is animal to ! end t he might n feel8 ,has he n]ves t he may be incapable ( suff]+8 ,d n suppose t imp]t95t contradiction 9 ,nature40#afg ,to ! f9al triumph :i* 9 ,p>is await$ ?is *ampion ( ! weak1 at ! advanc$ age ( #hd1 & ! unexampl$ en?usiasm ( ! p1 & ! clos+ act ( 8 ev5tful life1 we c "h m]ely ref]4 ,9 ,b]l91 ,fri$ri* ord]$ a solemn mass 9 ! ca!dral *ur* 9 commemoration ( 8 g5ius & virtues4 ,a m endur+ monum5t ?an any conv5tional m>k ( human vanity is ! legacy :i* he left to po/]ity1 :i* w la/ z long z ! ,fr5* language1 &1 /ill m1 ! humanity embodi$ 9 "o ( 8 lat] v]ses3-- 8,j'ai fait un peu de bi51 c'e/ mon meilleur ouvrage40 ,! faults ( 8 "* & writ+s :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 lie on ! surface 7"o ( ! mo/ regretable ( :i* 0 8 sometimes s]vile flatt]y ( m5 9 p[]1 & ! only excuse = :i* 0 8 eag]ness to ga9 !m ov] to mod]ation & ju/ice7 w be deem$ by imp>tial criticism to h be5 m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by 8 real & sub/antial m]its4 ,t he all[$ 8 ard5t indignation to ov]ma/] ! s5se ( propriety 9 too _m in/ances1 9 deal+ ) subjects :i* ought to be dealt ) 9 a judicial & s]i\s mann]1 is t fault 9 8 writ+s :i* mu/ always cause ! greate/ regret4 ,9 8 disc\rse at 8 reception by ! ,fr5* ,academy he rem>ks t 8! art ( in/ruction1 :5 x is p]fect1 9 ! long run1 succe$s bett] ?an ! art ( s>casm1 because ,satire dies ) ^? :o are ! victims ( x2 :ile ,reason & ,virtue are et]nal40 ,x w\ld h be5 well1 9 _m in/ances1 _h he practis$ ?is pr9ciple4 ,b1 h[ev] objectionably 8 convictions 7 sometimes express$1 8 ard5t love ( tru? & hatr$ ( inju/ice h secur$ = him an imp]i%able fame2 :ile ,g!'s e/imate ( 8 intellectual pre-em95ce--t he has ! greate/ "n 9 all ,lit]ature--is n likely soon to be disput$ by ,po/]ity4 ,,xxv4 ,,hall]4 #agjh-aggg4 ,! f\nd] ( ,mod]n ,physiology 0 born at ,b]ne4 ,9 #agbc he w5t to ,tb+5 to /udy m$ic9e1 aft]w>ds to ,leyd51 :]e ! fam\s ,bo]haave 0 at ! height ( 8 reputation4 ,twelve ye>s lat] he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( physician to ! hospital at ,b]ne2 b soon aft]w>ds he 0 invit$ by ,george ,,ii41 z ,elector ( ,hanov]1 to accept ! pr(essor%ip ( anatomy & surg]y at ! ,univ]sity ( ,gtt+54 ,8 sci5tific writ+s are extraord9>ily num]\s4 ,f #agbg to #aggg he publi%$ ne>ly #bjj treatises4 ,8 great "w is 8 ,elem5ts ( ! ,physiology ( ! ,human ,body 79 ,lat971 #ageg-agff--! mo/ important treatise on m$ical sci5ce--or at lea/ on anatomy & surg]y--up to t "t produc$4 ,! ,icones ,anatomic 78,anatomical ,figures07 is 8a m>vell\sly accurate1 well-engrav$ repres5tation ( ! pr9cipal organs ( ! human body40 ,8 writ+s are m>k$ by unusual cle>ness ( mean+1 z well z by accurate & deep rese>*4 ,we wi% t we c\ld "h /op2 b ! =ce ( tru? compels u to affirm t1 = u at lea/1 8 reputation1 great z x is 9 sci5ce1 has be5 = ev] t>ni%$ by 8 sacrifices--) frightful torture--( innoc5t victims on ! alt>s ( a selfi% & sangu9>y sci5ce4 ,"o plea 9 ext5uation ( ?is call\sness 9 reg>d to ! suff]+ ( o!r animals1 & only "o1 c be (f]$ 9 8 def5ce4 ,at ?is v mom5t1 aft] all ! humanit>ian doctr9e t has be5 prea*$ dur+ ! c5tury s9ce ! dea? ( ,hall]1 tortures ( ! mo/ cold-blood$ k9d are be+ inflict$ on t5s ( ?\s&s ( horses1 de]1 dogs1 rabbits1 & o!rs1 9 all ! 8laboratories0 ( ,europe2 :ile he _h nei!r ! prolong$ exp]i5ce ( ! uselessness ( all su* unnatural exp]im5tation1 ( :i* ! vivisectors & pa?ologi/s ( our day are 9 possession1 nor ! same indoctr9ation ( a high] morality1 :i* has be5 ! h]itage ( ^! latt] days4 ,! sci5tific b>b>ity ( ,hall] does n affect ! nature ( 8 physiological te/imony1 :i*1 x might be presum$1 ought to be ( "s weight ) 8 disciples & repres5tatives ( ! pres5t day4 ,he ass]ts3-- 8,?is food1 !n1 t ,i h hi!rto describ$1 9 :i* fle% has no "p1 is salut>y2 inasmu* z x fully n\ri%es a man1 protracts life to an advanc$ p]iod1 & prev5ts or cures su* disord]s z are attributable to ! acrimony or ! grossness ( ! blood40#afh ,,xxvi4 ,,coc*i4 #afie-ageh4 ,x might ju/ly provoke expression ( feel+ /rong] ?an t ( a/oni%m5t1 :5 we h to record t 9 ,s\? ,europe 7:]e climate & soil unite to recomm5d & r5d] a humane mann] ( liv+#afi /ill m easy ?an 9 our cold] regions7 ! foll[]s1 or1 at all ev5ts1 ! prophets ( ! ,re=m$ ,diet h be5 conspicu\sly few4 ,s9ce1 by ! =tiori argum5t1 if abundant exp]i5ce & tea*+ h prov$ x to be m conducive to heal? 9 high] latitudes1 mu* m is x evid5t t x mu/ be fitt+ = ! p ( ^? p>ts ( ! globe ne>] to ! ,equator4 ,italy1 :i* has produc$ ,s5eca1 ,corn>o1 & ,coc*i1 is less obnoxi\s to ! reproa* ( indiff]5tism 9 ?is mo/ vitally-important bran* ( e?ics ?an ! we/]n p59sula4 ,b ! 8p>adise ( ,europe0 has yet to des]ve ! m glori\s title ( 8! p>adise ( ,peace10 & to atone 7if1 inde$1 x be possible7 = ! cruel %$d+ ( innoc5t1 & 9 an especial degree sup]flu\s1 blood4 ,an em95t pr(essor ( m$ic9e & ( surg]y1 ,antonio ,coc*i di/+ui%$ himself also z a philologi/4 ,he 0 born at ,b5ev5to4 ,be=e giv+ himself up to ! practice ( m$ic9e he devot$ sev]al ye>s to ! /udy ( ! old & ! mod]n languages ( ,europe4 ,8 k ( ,engli% help$ to br+ him into contact ) _m m5 ( sci5ce 9 ,engl&1 "s ( :om he met on 8 visit to ,london4 ,return+ to ,italy he 0 nam$ ,pr(essor ( ,m$ic9e at ,pisa4 ,he soon left t ,univ]sity = ,flor5ce1 :]e he held ! *air ( ,anatomy z well z ( ,philosophy4 ,to him ,flor5ce 0 indebt$ = its ,botanical ,society1 ) :i*1 9 conjunction ) ,mi*eli1 he end[$ x4 ,he 0 a volum9\s writ]4#agj ,8 ,greek ,surgical ,books#aga conta9 valuable extracts f ! ,greek writ]s on m$ic9e & surg]y n be=e publi%$4 ,among/ o!r writ+s may be di/+ui%$ 8 ,treatise on ! ,use ( ,cold ,ba?s by ! ,anci5ts4#agb ,! treatise :i* gives him a place 9 ?is "w 0 publi%$ at ,flor5ce "u ! title ( ,! ,py?agorean ,diet3 = ! ,use ( ! ,m$ical ,faculty4#agc ,dr4 ,coc*i beg9s 8 little treatise ) a eulogy & def5ce ( ! great re=m] ( ,samos1 & ( 8 radical revolution 9 food4 ,he cites ! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s1 & especially ! e>li] ,roman ,laws1 ! ,fannian & ! ,lic9ian4 ,he proce$s3-- 8,true & con/ant vig\r ( body is ! effect ( heal?1 :i* is mu* bett] pres]v$ ) wat]y1 h]bace\s1 frugal1 & t5d] food1 ?an ) v9\s1 abundant1 h>d1 & gross fle% 7*e col c>neo v9oso ed unto abundante e duro74 ,& 9 a s\nd body1 a cle> intellig5ce1 & desire to suppress ! mis*iev\s incl9ations 7voglie dannose71 & to conqu] ! irrational passions1 produces true wor?40 ,coc*i cites ! examples ( ! ,greeks & ( ! ,romans z pro( t ! non-fle% diet does n dim9i% c\rage or /r5g?3-- 8,! vulg> op9ion1 !n1 :i*1 on heal? reasons1 condemns vegetable food & s mu* praises animal food1 be+ s ill-f\nd$1 ,i h always ?\ght x well to oppose myself to x1 mov$ bo? by exp]i5ce & by t ref9$ k ( natural ?+s :i* "s /udy & conv]sation ) great m5 h giv5 me4 ,& p]ceiv+ n[ t su* my con/ancy has be5 hon\r$ by "s le>n$ & wise physicians ) _! au?oritative adhesion 7della autorevole sequela71 ,i h ?\ght x my duty publicly to diffuse ! reasons ( ! ,py?agorean diet1 reg>d$ z useful 9 m$ic9e1 &1 at ! same "t1 z full ( innoc5ce1 ( temp]ance1 & ( heal?4 ,& x is none ! less accompani$ ) a c]ta9 delicate pleasure1 & also ) a ref9$ & spl5did luxury 7non privo nemm5o d'una c]ta delicate volutt e d'un lusso g5tile e spl5dido ancora71 if c>e & skill be appli$ 9 selection & prop] supply ( ! be/ vegetable food1 to :i* ! f]tility & ! natural "* ( our beautiful c\ntry seem to invite u4 ,= my "p ,i h be5 s mu* ! m induc$ to take up ?is subject1 because ,i h p]suad$ myself t ,i might be ( s]vice to int5d+ diet-re=m]s1 !re n be+1 to my k1 any book ( :i* ?is is ! sole subject1 & :i* und]takes exactly to expla9 ! orig9 & ! reasons ( x40 ,8 special motive to ! publication ( 8 treatise1 h[ev]1 0 to v9dicate ! claims ( ! re=m] ( ,samos ^u ! gratitude ( m53-- 8,i wi%$ to %[ t ,py?agoras1 ! fir/ f\nd] ( ! vegetable regim51 0 at once a v great physici/ & a v great physician2 t !re has be5 no "o ( a m cultur$ & discrim9at+ humanity2 t he 0 a man ( wisdom & ( exp]i5ce2 t 8 motive 9 comm5d+ & introduc+ ! new mode ( liv+ 0 d]iv$ n f any extravagant sup]/ition1 b f ! desire to improve ! heal? & ! mann]s ( m540#agd ,,xxvii4 ,,r\sseau4 #agab-aggh4 ,few lives ( writ]s ( equal reputation h be5 expos$ to our exam9ation ) ! fulness & m9ut5ess ( ! life ( ?is ! mo/ eloqu5t "n 9 ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,) ! exception ( ! great ,lat9 fa!r1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 no o!r lead] ( ?\ght1 9 fact1 has s entirely reveal$ to u 8 inn] life1 8 faults & weaknesses 7(t5 suffici5tly />tl+71 no less ?an ! e/imable p>ts ( 8 "*1 & we rema9 9 d\bt :e!r m to lam5t ! infirmities or to admire ! c&\r ( ! autobiograph]4 ,jean ,jacques ,r\sseau1 son ( a ,g5evan tradesman1 _h ! mis=tune to lose 8 "m at a v e>ly age4 ,x is to ?is want ( mat]nal solicitude & fo/]+ c>e t "s ( ! errors 9 8 aft] c>e] may p]haps be trac$4 ,aft] a %ort exp]i5ce ( s*ool discipl9e he 0 appr5tic$ to an engrav]1 ^: co>se viol5ce mu/ injuri\sly h affect$ ! n]v\s temp]am5t ( ! s5sitive *ild4 ,ill-treatm5t =c$ him to run away1 & he f\nd refuge ) ,mde4 de ,w>5s1 a ,swiss lady1 a conv]t to ,ca?olicism1 :o occupies a prom95t place 9 ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 ,confessions4 ,influ5c$ by h] k9dness1 & by ! skilful argum5ts ( 8 preceptors at ! college at ,tur91 :]e %e _h plac$ him1 ! "y ,r\sseau 7l ,bayle & ,gibbon1 be=e & aft] him1 ?\gh f a diff]5t motive7 abjur$ ,prote/antism1 &1 = ! mom5t1 accept$1 or at lea/ pr(ess$1 ! t5ets ( ! old ,or?odoxy4 ,dismiss$ f ! college because he refus$ to take ord]s1 he engag$ himself z a dome/ic s]vant or valet4 ,he did n long rema9 9 ?is position1 & he res\ght ! protection ( 8 fri5d ,mde4 de ,w>5s at ,*ambry4 ,8 connexion ) 8 too indulg5t patroness t]m9at$ 9 ! ye> #agdj4 ,= "s ye>s aft] ?is 8 life 0 ( a mo/ erratic1 & n always edify+1 k9d4 ,we f9d him employ$ 9 tea*+ at ,lyons1 & at ano!r "t act+ z secret>y to ! ,fr5* ,embassy at ,v5ice4 ,9 #agde he came to ,p>is4 ,!re he e>n$ a liv+ by copy+ music4 ,ab\t ?is "t he met ) ,!rse ,levasseur1 ! daught] ( 8 ho/ess1 ) :om he =m$ a la/+ b unhappy connexion4 ,x 0 9 #agdh1 at ! age ( #cf1 t he made ! acqua9tance1 at ! h\se ( ,mde4 d',ep9ay1 ( ! editors ( ! ,encyclopdie1 ,d',alemb]t & ,did]ot1 :o engag$ him to write articles on music & ^u o!r subjects 9 t fir/ ( compreh5sive diction>ies4 ,8 fir/ indep5d5t appe>ance 9 lit]ature 0 9 8 essay on ! "q1 8,:e!r ! progress ( sci5ce & ( ! arts has be5 fav\rable to ! morals ( mank9d10 9 :i* p>adoxically he ma9ta9s ! negative4 ,x 0 ! eloqu5ce1 we mu/ suppose1 r ?an ! reason+1 :i* ga9$ him ! prize aw>d$ by ! ,acadmie ( ,dijon4 ,8 next production--a m important "o--0 8 ,disc\rs sur l',inegalit p>mi les ,hommes 78,disc\rse ^u ,inequality among/ ,m5074 ,9 ?is treatise--! prelude to 8 m develop$ ,contrat ,social--,r\sseau affirms ! p>adox ( ! natural s*ool1 z x may be t]m$1 :i* alleg$ ! /ate ( nature--! life ( ! uncivilis$ man--to be ! ideal condition ( ! species4 ,8 !sis t all m5 are born ) equal rights takes a mu* m def5sible position4 ,9 ?is ,disc\rs diet is assign$ its due importance 9 relation to ! welf>e ( communities4 ,! romance ( ,julie3 ou la ,n\velle ,hloise1 :i* excit$ an unusual am\nt ( int]e/1 appe>$ 9 #agei4 ,emile3 ou de l',education1 0 giv5 to ! _w ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,x is ! mo/ important ( 8 writ+s4 ,9 ! education ( ,emile1 or ,emilius1 he prop\nds 8 ideas ^u "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ subjects :i* c engage att5tion--! "r tra9+ ( ! "y4 ,! e>li] "p ( ! book is almo/ altoge!r admirable & useful4 ,! lat] portion is m op5 to criticism1 al?\gh n ^u ! gr\nds ^u :i* 0 f\nd$ ! ho/ility ( ! au?orities ( ! day :o unju/ly condemn$ ! book z irreligi\s & immoral4 ,r\sseau beg9s ) lay+ d[n ! pr9ciples ( a new & m rational me?od ( re>+ infants1 agree+1 9 _m p>ticul>s1 ) ! sy/em ( 8 pr$ecessor1 ,locke4 ,at lea/ "s ( 8 prote/s aga9/ ! unnatural treatm5t ( *ildr5 7 n altoge!r 9 va94 ,mo!rs 9 fa%ionable ranks ( life began to recognise ! mis*ief aris+ f ! common practice ( putt+ _! infants out to nurse 9 place ( suckl+ !m !mselves4 ,!y began also to ab&on ! absurd cu/om ( conf9+ _! limbs 9 mummy-l b&ages4 ,nor1 ?\gh long 9 be>+ adequate fruit1 7 8 d5unciations ( ! b>b>\s sev]ity ( p>5ts & s*oolma/]s )\t "s result4 ,he insi/s ^u ! incalculable evils ( inoculat+ ! "y1 accord+ to ! almo/ univ]sal cu/om1 ) sup]/iti\s beliefs & fancies :i* gr[ ) ! gr[? ( ! recipi5t until !y become radically fix$ 9 ! m9d z by a natural developm5t4 ,mo/ important ( all 8 innovations 9 education1 & c]ta9ly ! mo/ h]etical1 is 8 recomm5dation ( a pure diet>y4 ,! publication ( 8 treatise on education br\ght d[n a /orm ( p]secution & opprobrium ^u ! au?or4 ,! ,contrat ,social 79 :i* he seem$ to aim at subv]t+ ! political & social traditions1 z he _h 9 ,emile ! educational prejudices ( ! v5]at$ ,pa/7 appe>+ soon aft]w>ds add$ fuel to ! flames4 ,r\sseau f\nd himself =c$ to flee f ,p>is1 & he s\ght %elt] 9 ! t]ritory ( ,g5eva4 ,b ! au?orities1 unm9dful ( ! old reputation ( ! l& ( fre$om1 refus+ him an asylum1 he proce$$ to ,neu*tel1 !n "u ,prussian rule1 :]e he 0 well receiv$4 ,f ?is retreat he repli$ to ! attacks ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 & address$ a lett] to ! magi/rates ( ,g5eva r5\nc+ 8 citiz5%ip4 ,he also publi%$ ,lett]s ,writt5 f ! ,m\nta91 sev]ely criticis+ ! civil & *ur* gov]nm5t ( 8 native canton4 ,^! acts did n t5d to conciliate ! goodwill ( ! rul]s ( ! p ) :om he _h tak5 refuge4 ,at ?is mom5t an object ( dislike to all ! ,cont95tal sov]eign p[]s1 he gladly embrac$ ! (f] ( ,david ,hume to f9d him an asylum 9 ,engl&4 ,! social & political revolutioni/ arriv$ 9 ,london 9 #agff1 & took up 8 resid5ce 9 a village 9 ,d]by%ire4 ,he did n rema9 long 9 ?is c\ntry1 8 irritable temp]am5t induc+ him too ha/ily to suspect ! s9c]ity ( ! fri5d%ip ( 8 ho/4 ,! next eight ye>s ( 8 life 7 pass$ 9 comp>ative obscurity1 & 9 migrat+ f "o place to ano!r 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,p>is4 ,9 8 solitude g>d5+ & botanis+ occupi$ a l>ge "p ( 8 leisure h\rs4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod he made ! acqua9tance ( ,b]n>d9 ,/4 ,pi]re1 8 en?usia/ic disciple1 & immortalis$ z ! au?or ( ,paul et ,virg9ie4 ,8 end came sudd5ly4 ,he _h be5 settl$ only a few mon?s 9 a cottage giv5 him by "o ( 8 num]\s ari/ocratic fri5ds & admir]s1 :5 "o morn+1 feel+ unwell1 he reque/$ 8 wife to op5 ! w9d[ t he 8might once m look on ! lovely v]dure ( ! fields10 & z he 0 express+ 8 delight at ! exquisite beauty ( ! sc5e & ( ! skies he fell =w>d & in/antly brea!d 8 la/4 ,at 8 special reque/ 8 place ( burial 0 *os5 on an isl& 9 a lake 9 ! ,p>k ( ,ermondville1 a fitt+ re/+-place = "o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t ( ! high prie/s ( ,nature4 ,8 "* 7z we h already rem>k$7 is reveal$ 9 8 ,confessions--:i* 0 writt51 9 "p1 dur+ 8 brief exile 9 ,engl&4 ,x1 z well z 8 o!r productions1 %ews him to u z a man ( extraord9>y s5sibility1 :i*1 9 reg>d to himself1 occasionally deg5]at$ into a sort ( disease or1 9 popul> language1 morbidness 7a ^w1 by ! way1 con/antly abus$ by ! _m :o seem to excuse _! own ins5sibility to surr\nd+ evils by /igmatis+ ) t vague expression ! acut] feel+ ( ! few71 :i* sometimes assum$ ! appe>ance ( p>tial uns\ndness ( m9d4 ,?is x 0 t caus$ him to suspect & qu>rel ) 8 be/ fri5ds1 & :i*1 we may suppose1 l$ him1 9 8 m9ute dissection ( himself1 to exagg]ate 8 real moral infirmities4 ,9 summ+ up 8 p]sonal "* we %all p]haps imp>tially judge him to h be51 on ! :ole1 amiable r ?an admirable1 ( good impulses1 & ( a naturally humane disposition1 cultivat$ by read+ & reflection1 b to h be5 want+ 9 firmness ( m9d & 9 t virtue s mu* e/eem$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,py?agoras--self control4 ,8 philosophy is di/+ui%$ r by ref9em5t ?an by vig\r or dep? ( ?\ght4 ,x is 9 ! education ( ! "y t ,r\sseau ex]ts 8 eloqu5ce to en=ce ! importance ( a non-fle% diet3-- 8,"o ( ! pro(s t ! ta/e ( fle% is n natural to man is ! indiff]5ce :i* *ildr5 exhibit = t sort ( meat1 & ! pref]5ce !y all give to vegetable foods1 su* z milk-porridge1 pa/ry1 fruits1 c4 ,x is ( ! la/ importance n to d5aturalise !m ( ?is primitive ta/e 7de ne pas dnatur] ce gt primitif71 & n to r5d] !m c>nivor\s1 if n = heal? reasons1 at lea/ = ! sake ( _! "*4 ,=1 h[ev] ! exp]i5ce may be expla9$1 x is c]ta9 t great eat]s ( fle% are1 9 g5]al1 m cruel & f]oci\s ?an o!r m54 ,?is obs]vation is true ( all places & ( all times4 ,engli% co>s5ess is well kn[n4#age ,! ,gaures1 on ! contr>y1 are ! g5tle/ ( m54 ,all savages are cruel1 & x is n _! morals t urge !m to be s2 ?is cruelty proce$s f _! food4 ,!y g to w> z to ! *ase1 & treat m5 z !y d be>s4 ,ev5 9 ,engl& ! but*]s are n receiv$ z legal witnesses any m ?an surgeons4#agf ,great crim9als h>d5 !mselves to murd] by dr9k+ blood4#agg ,hom] repres5ts ! ,cyclopes1 :o 7 fle%-eat]s1 z frightful m51 & ! ,lotophagi ,lotus-eat]s z a p s amiable t z soon z "o _h any deal+ ) !m "o /raightway =got ev]y?+1 ev5 "o's c\ntry1 to live ) !m40 ,r\sseau1 9 a free translation1 "h quotes a consid]able "p ( ,plut>*'s ,essay4 ,he insi/s1 especially1 t *ildr5 %\ld be e>ly accu/om$ to ! pure diet3-- 8,! fur!r we remove f a natural mode ( liv+ ! m d we lose our natural ta/es2 or r habit makes a second nature1 :i* we sub/itute to su* a degree = ! fir/ t none among u any long] kn[s :at ! latt] is4 ,x foll[s f ?is t ! mo/ simple ta/es mu/ also be ! mo/ natural1 = !y are ^? :i* are mo/ easily *ang$1 :ile by be+ %>p5$ & by be+ irritat$ by our :ims !y assume a =m :i* nev] *anges4 ,! man :o is yet ( no c\ntry w con=m himself )\t tr\ble to ! cu/oms ( any c\ntry :atev]1 b ! man ( "o c\ntry nev] becomes t ( ano!r4 ,?is appe>s to me true 9 e s5se1 & /ill m s appli$ to ta/e prop]ly s-call$4 ,our fir/ food 0 milk4 ,we accu/om ourselves only by degrees to /rong flav\rs4 ,at fir/ !y are repugnant to u4 ,fruits1 vegetables1 kit*5 h]bs1 &1 9 f9e1 (t5 broil$ di%es1 )\t season+ & )\t salt1 compos$ ! fea/s ( ! fir/ m54 ,! fir/ "t a savage dr9ks w9e he makes a grimace & rejects x2 & ev5 among/ ourselves1 :oev] has liv$ to 8 tw5tie? ye> )\t ta/+ f]m5t$ dr9ks1 _c aft]w>ds accu/om himself to !m4 ,we %\ld all be ab/95ts f alcohol if we _h n be5 giv5 w9es 9 our e>ly ye>s4 ,9 f9e1 ! m simple our ta/es are ! m univ]sal are !y1 & ! mo/ common repugnance is = made-up di%es4 ,does "o ev] see a p]son h a disgu/ = wat] or bread8 ,behold "h ! impress ( nature6 ,behold "h1 !n1 our rule ( life4 ,let u pres]ve to ! *ild z long z possible 8 primitive ta/e2 let its n\ri%m5t be common & simple2 let n its palate be famili>is$ to any b natural flav\rs1 & let no exclusive ta/e be =m$4444 ,i h sometimes exam9$ ^? p :o atta*$ importance to good liv+1 :o ?\ght1 ^u _! fir/ awak+1 ( :at !y %\ld eat dur+ ! day1 & describ$ a d9n] ) m exactitude ?an ,polybius w\ld use 9 describ+ a battle4 ,i h ?\ght t all ^! s-call$ m5 7 b *ildr5 ( =ty ye>s )\t vig\r & )\t consi/5ce--fruges consum]e nati4#agh ,gluttony is ! vice ( s\ls t h no solidity 7qui n'ont po9t d't(fe74 ,! s\l ( a g\rm& is 9 8 palate4 ,he is br\ght into ! _w b to dev\r4 ,9 8 /upid incapacity he is at home only at 8 table4 ,8 p[]s ( judgm5t are limit$ to 8 di%es4 ,let u leave him 9 8 employm5t )\t regret4 ,bett] t = him ?an any o!r1 z mu* = our own sakes z = 840#agi ,9 ! ,julie3 ou la ,n\velle ,heloise he describes 8 h]o9e z pref]r+ ! innoc5t fea/3-- 8,al?\gh luxuri\s 9 h] repa/s %e likes nei!r fle%-meat nor ragots4 ,excell5t vegetable di%es1 eggs1 cream1 fruits--^! con/itute h] ord9>y food2 &1 except+ fi%1 :i* %e likes z mu*1 %e w\ld be a true ,py?agorean40#ahj ,al?\gh he 0 n a ?or\gh or consi/5t ab/a9]1 ,r\sseau speaks ) en?usiasm ( ! pleasures ( 8 frugal repa/s1 9 :i*1 x seems1 :5 he 0 n s$uc$ by ! sumptu\s d9n]s ( 8 fa%ionable admir]s1 fle%1 z a rule1 _h no "p3-- 8,:o %all describe1 :o %all und]/&1 ! *>m ( ^! repa/s1 compos$ ( a qu>t]n loaf1 ( *]ries1 ( a little *eese1 & ( a half-p9t ( w9e1 :i* we drank toge!r4 ,fri5d%ip1 confid5ce1 intimacy1 sweetness ( s\l1 h[ delici\s are y\r season+s60#aha ,,xxviii4 ,,l9n4 #agjg-aggh4 ,k>l von ,l9n1 or 7accord+ to ! antiquat$ fa%ion ( ,lat9is+ em95t names /ill reta9$7 ,l9nu1 ! di/+ui%$ ,sw$i% naturali/1 & ! mo/ em95t "n 9 botanical lit]ature1 9 a notable mann] arriv$ at 8 de/9$ immortality 9 spite ( fri5ds & =tune4 ,prophecies d n always fulfil !mselves1 & ! e/imate ( 8 tea*]s t he 0 a hopeless 8blockhead10 & ! pr$iction t he w\ld be ( no intellectual wor? 9 ! _w 7!y _h advis$ 8 p>5ts to appr5tice him to a h&icraft trade71 are a conspicu\s in/ance ( ! falsification ( prophecy4 ,aft] "o ye>'s c\rse ( /udy at ! ,univ]sity ( ,lund--:]e he _h access to a good libr>y & collections ( natural hi/ory--he proce$$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,upsala4 ,!re1 ^u an all[ance by 8 fa!r ( #h a ye> to meet all 8 exp5ses ( liv+1 he /ruggl$ desp]ately aga9/ ! almo/ insup]able ob/acles ( extreme pov]ty1 :i* =c$ him (t5 to r$uce 8 diet to "o meal dur+ ! day4 ,he 0 !n at ! age ( #bj4 ,at l5g?1 by ! hospitable fri5d%ip ( ! pr(essor ( botany1 & a small income d]iv$ f a few pupils1 ,l9n f\nd himself free to devote himself to ! great lab\r ( 8 life4 ,x 0 9 ! h\se ( 8 ho/ 7,rudbeck7 t he sket*$ ! subject-matt] ( ! important works he aft]w>ds publi%$4 ,9 #agca he 0 commission$ by 8 univ]sity to explore ! vegetable life ( ,lapl&4 ,)9 ! space ( five mon?s he trav]s$ alone1 & ) sl5d] provision1 "s #d1jjj miles4 ,! result ( ?is labori\s exp$ition 0 8 ,flora ,laponica4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 ) ! sum ( fifte5 p\nds1 :i* he _h ) great difficulty ga!r$ toge!r1 he set out 9 se>* ( "s univ]sity :]e he might obta9 ! necess>y degree ( doctor 9 m$ic9e at ! lea/ outlay1 9 ord] to ga9 a liv+ by ! practice ( physic4 ,he f\nd ! object ( 8 se>* 9 ,holl&4 ,9 t c\ntry he met ) a hospitable reception4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,holl& he came ov] to ,engl&1 & visit$ ! botanical collections at ,ox=d & ,el?am1 ) :i* ! ,sw$i% savant1 x seems1 _h n mu* reason to be satisfi$4 ,return+ to ,sw$51 he began practice z a physician at ! age ( #ca1 & he lectur$1 by ,gov]nm5t appo9tm5t1 ^u botany & m9]alogy at ,/ockholm4 ,8 fame _h n[ become ,european4 ,he 0 9 correspond5ce ) "s ( ! mo/ em95t sci5tific m5 ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,books & collections 7 s5t to him f e qu>t]1 & 8 pupils suppli$ him ) ! results ( _! explorations 9 ! ?ree cont95ts4 ,he 0 elect$ to ! ,pr(essor%ip ( ,m$ic9e at ,upsala1 & 7a va9 addition to 8 real titles7 he 0 soon aft]w>ds 8ennobl$40 ,! productions ( 8 g5ius & indu/ry dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s f #agdj 7 a/oni%+ly num]\s4 ,besides 8 ,sy/ema ,natur & ,species ,plant>um1 8 two mo/ consid]able works1 he wrote a l>ge numb] ( diss]tations1 aft]w>ds collect$ "u ! title ( ,amnitates ,academic--8,academic ,delights40 ,ev]y?+ he wrote 0 receiv$ ) ! greate/ respect by ! sci5tific _w4 ,^u 8 dea? ! :ole ,univ]sity ( ,upsala unit$ 9 %[+ respect to 8 memory2 sixte5 doctors ( m$ic9e1 old pupils1 be>+ ! 8pall10 & a g5]al m\rn+ 0 ord]$ ?r\gh\t ! l& ( 8 bir?4 ,! sci5tific m]its ( ,l9n are 8 exactness & concis5ess 9 classification4 ,he r$uc$ to some?+ l ord] ! *aotic & p$antic sy/ems ( 8 pr$ecessors1 :i* 7 prolix & ov]lad5 ) names & classes4 ,if ! sci5ce /ill lab\rs "u ! /igma ( ne$less p$antry1 ! fault lies n ) himself1 b ) 8 successors4 ,l9n's evid5ce to ! sci5tific tru? ( ,veget>ianism is brief b pregnant3-- 8,?is species ( food fruits & f>9acea is t :i* is mo/ suit$ to man1 z is prov$ by ! s]ies ( quadrup$s1 analogy1 wild m51 apes1 ! /ructure ( ! m\?1 ( ! /oma*1 & ( ! h&s40#ahb ,,xxix4 ,,buffon4 #agjg-aghh4 ,an em95t in/ance ( p]v]sity ( logic--( :i*1 by ! way1 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght supplies too _m examples--is t ( ! well-kn[n au?or ( ! ,hi/oire ,naturelle1 a "w :i* 7highly int]e/+ z x is1 & always w be1 by reason ( ! detail$ & g5]ally accurate del9eation ( ! *>act]s & habits ( ! v>i\s =ms ( animat$ nature1 & by reason ( ! graces ( /yle ( t ,fr5* classic7 is1 f a /rictly sci5tific po9t ( view1 ( n always ! mo/ reliable au?ority4 ,al?\gh ,buffon has depict$ z =cibly z well c be conceiv$ ! l[ position 9 ,nature ( ! c>nivor\s tribes1 & n a few ( ! evils aris+ f human addiction to c>nivor\sness1 yet1 by a /range p]v]sion ( ! facts ( comp>ative physiology1 he has *os5 to enli/ himself among/ ! apologi/s ( t deg5]ate mode ( liv+4 ,b facts are /rong] ?an prejudices1 & 8 v c&id admissions1 :i* we %all "h quote1 speak suffici5tly = !mselves3-- 8,man says he kn[s h[ to use1 z a ma/]1 8 p[] ov] o!r animals4 ,he has select$ ^? ^: fle% flatt]s 8 ta/e4 ,he has made dome/ic slaves ( !m4 ,he has multipli$ !m m ?an ,nature c\ld h done4 ,he has =m$ innum]able flocks1 & by ! c>es :i* he takes 9 propagat+ !m he seems#ahc to h acquir$ ! "r ( sacrific+ !m = himself4 ,b he ext5ds t "r mu* beyond 8 ne$s4 ,=1 indep5d5tly ( ^? species :i* he has subject$1 & ( :i* he disposes at 8 w1 he makes w> also ^u wild animals1 ^u birds1 ^u fi%es4 ,he does n ev5 limit himself to ^? ( ! climate he inhabits4 ,he seeks at a di/ance1 ev5 9 ! remote/ seas1 new meats1 & entire ,nature seems sc>cely to suffice = 8 intemp]ance & ! inconsi/5t v>iety ( 8 appetites4 8,man alone consumes & engulfs m fle% ?an all o!r animals put toge!r4 ,he is1 !n1 ! greate/ de/roy]1 & he is s m by abuse ?an by necessity4 ,in/ead ( enjoy+ ) mod]ation ! res\rces (f]$ him1 9 place ( disp5s+ !m ) equity1 9 place ( repair+ 9 proportion z he de/roys1 ( r5ew+ 9 proportion z he annihilates1 ! ri* man makes all 8 boa/ & glory 9 consum+1 all 8 spl5d\r 9 de/roy+1 9 "o day1 at 8 table1 m mat]ial 7plus de bi5s7 ?an w\ld be necess>y = ! support ( sev]al families4 ,he abuses equally o!r animals & 8 own species1 ! re/ ( :om live 9 fam9e1 langui% 9 mis]y1 & "w only to satisfy ! immod]ate appetite & ! /ill m insatiable vanity ( ?is human be+ :o1 de/roy+ o!rs by want1 de/roys himself by excess4 8,& yet ,man might1 l o!r animals1 live ^u vegetables4 ,fle% is n a bett] n\ri%m5t ?an gra9s or bread4 ,:at con/itutes true n\ri%m5t1 :at contributes to ! nutrition1 to ! developm5t1 to ! gr[?1 & to ! support ( ! body1 is n t brute matt] :i*1 to our eyes1 composes ! texture ( fle% or ( vegetables1 b x is ^? organic molecules :i* bo? conta92 s9ce ! ox1 9 fe$+ on grass1 acquires z mu* fle% z man or z animals :o live ^u fle% & blood4444 ,! ess5tial s\rce is ! same2 x is ! same matt]1 x is ! same organic molecules :i* n\ri% ! ,ox1 ,man1 & all animals4444 ,x results f :at we h j said t ,man1 ^: /oma* & inte/9es are n ( a v great capacity relatively to ! volume ( 8 body1 c\ld n live simply ^u grass4 ,nev]!less x is prov$ by facts t he c\ld well live ^u bread1 vegetables1 & ! gra9s ( plants1 s9ce we "k entire nations & classes ( m5 to :om religion =bids to fe$ ^u any?+ t has life40 ,to ! ord9>y appreh5sion all ?is might seem prim facie conclusive evid5ce ( ! non-necess>9ess ( ! food ( ! ri*] classes ( ! community4 ,b1 unhappily1 ,buffon seems to h consid]$ himself z hold+ a brief to def5d 8 cli5ts1 ! fle%-eat]s1 9 ! la/ resort1 &1 accord+ly1 9 spite ( ^! admissions1 :i* to an unbiass$ m9d might appe> conclusive argum5t = ! rel9qui%m5t ( fle% z food1 he proce$s to contradict himself by add+3-- 8,b ^! examples1 support$ ev5 by ! au?ority ( ,py?agoras & he might h add$ _m lat] names ( equal au?ority1 & recomm5d$ by "s physicians too fri5dly to a re=m$ diet 7trop amis de dite671 appe> to me n suffici5t to conv9ce u t x w\ld be = ! advantage ( human heal? 7qu'il y et gagn] p\r la sant des hommes7 & = ! multiplication ( ! human species to live ^u vegetables & bread only1 = s mu* ! /rong] reason1 t ! poor c\ntry p1 :om ! luxury ( ! cities & t[ns & ! extravagant wa/e ( tables r$uce to ?is mode ( liv+1 langui% & die (f soon] ?an p]sons ( ! middle class1 to :om inanition & excess are equally unkn[n60#ahd ,9 /igmatis+1 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! cruel rapacity ( ! l[] c>nivor\s tribes1 ,buffon consci\sly or unconsci\sly /amps ! same /igma ^u ! c>nivor\s human animal3-- 8,aft] ,man1 ! animals :o live only ^u fle% are ! greate/ de/roy]s4 ,!y are at once ! enemies ( ,nature & ! rivals ( ,man40#ahe ,,xxx4 ,,hawkeswor?4 #agae-aggc4 ,be/ kn[n z ! editor ( ,! ,adv5tur]--a p]iodical 9 imitation ( ! ,spectator1 ,rambl]1 c4--:i* appe>$ twice a week dur+ ! ye>s #ageb-ed4 ,johnson1 ,w>ton1 & o!rs assi/$ him 9 ?is und]tak+1 :i* has ! hon\r ( be+ "o ( ! fir/ p]iodicals :i* h v5tur$ to d5\nce ! cruel b>b>ism ( 8,sport10 & ! pap]s by ,hawkeswor? ^u t subject are 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! usual tone & practice ( 8 contempor>ies &1 inde$1 ( our own times4 ,9 #agfa he publi%$ an edition ( ,swift's writ+s1 ) a life :i* receiv$ ! praise ( ,samuel ,johnson 79 8 ,lives ( ! ,poets71 & x is a passage 9 t book :i* entitles him to a place "h4 ,9 #aggc he 0 entru/$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! day ) ! task ( compil+ a hi/ory ( ! rec5t voyages ( ,capta9 ,cook4 ,he also translat$ ! ,av5tures de ,tlmaque ( ,fnlon4 ,! co>s5ess & repulsiv5ess ( ! di%es ( ! common diet seldom h be5 /igmatis$ ) great] =ce ?an by ,dr4 ,hawkeswor?4 ,8 expressions ( abhorr5ce are conceiv$ q 9 ! _s ( ,plut>*3-- 8,among o!r dreadful & disgu/+ images :i* ,cu/om has r5d]$ famili>1 are ^? :i* arise f eat+ animal food4 ,he :o has ev] turn$ ) abhorr5ce f ! skeleton ( a bea/ :i* has be5 pick$ :ole by birds or v]m91 mu/ confess t habit alone c\ld h enabl$ him to endure ! sight ( ! mangl$ bones & fle% ( a dead c>case :i* e day cov] 8 table4 ,& he :o reflects on ! numb] ( lives t h be5 sacrific$ to su/a9 8 own1 %\ld enquire by :at ! acc\nt has be5 balanc$1 & :e!r 8 life is become proportionately ( m value by ! ex]cise ( virtue & by ! sup]ior happ9ess :i* he has communicat$ to m reasonable be+s40#ahf ,,xxxi4 ,,paley4 #agdc-ahje4 ,) ! exception ( ,joseph ,butl]1 p]haps ! able/ & mo/ int]e/+ ( ,engli% or?odox !ologians4 ,z "o ( ! v few ( ?is num]\s class ( writ]s :o seem s]i\sly to be impress$ ) ! difficulty ( reconcil+ or?odox dietetics ) ! high] moral & religi\s in/9cts1 ,paley has = social re=m]s a title to remembrance1 & x is z a moral philosoph] t he has a claim ^u our att5tion4 ,! son ( a c\ntry curate1 ,paley began 8 c>e] z tutor 9 an academy 9 ,gre5wi*4 ,he _h ent]$ ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 z 8siz>40 ,be+ s5ior wrangl] ( 8 ye>1 he 0 aft]w>ds elect$ a ,fell[ ( 8 college4 ,8 lectures on moral philosophy at ! ,univ]sity conta9$ ! g]ms ( 8 mo/ useful writ+4 ,aft] ! usual previ\s /ages1 f9ally he receiv$ ! pref]m5t ( ! ,ar*deaconry ( ,c>lisle4 ,! failure ( ! mo/ em95t ( ! mod]n apologi/s ( dogmatic ,*ri/ianity to atta9 ! highe/ rew>ds ( ecclesia/ical ambition1 & ! refusal ( ,george ,,iii4 to promote 8pigeon0 ,paley :5 x 0 propos$ to t reaction>y pr9ce to make s skilful a controv]siali/ a bi%op--a refusal f\nd$ on ! fam\s apology = mon>*y 9 ! ,moral & ,political ,philosophy--is well kn[n4 ,! mo/ important1 by f>1 ( 8 writ+s1 is ! ,elem5ts ( ,moral & ,political ,philosophy 7#aghe74 ,he f\nds moral obligation ^u pr9ciples ( utility4 ,9 politics he ass]ts ! gr\nds ( ! duties ( rul]s & rul$ to be bas$ ^u ! same f>-rea*+ consid]ation1 & ^u ?is pr9ciple he ma9ta9s t z soon z any ,gov]nm5t has prov$ itself corrupt or neglig5t ( ! public good1 :atev] may h be5 ! alleg$ legitimacy ( its orig9al au?ority1 ! "r ( ! gov]n$ to put an end to x is e/abli%$4 8,! f9al view ( all national politics10 he affirms1 8is ought to be to produce ! greate/ quantity ( happ9ess40 ,! comp>ative boldness1 inde$1 ( c]ta9 ( 8 disquisitions on ,gov]nm5t al>m$ n a little ! political & ecclesia/ical dignit>ies ( ! "t4 ,8 adhesion to ! programme ( ,cl>kson & ! anti-slav]y 8fanatics0 7z t num]ically insignificant b& ( re=m]s 0 /yl$7 did n t5d1 x may be presum$1 to c\nt]act ! damag+ effects ( 8 political philosophy4 ,9 8 ,natural ,!ology 7#ahjb71 8 be/ !ological production1 he lab\rs to e/abli% ! fact ( b5evol5t design f obs]vation ( ! v>i\s ph5om5a ( nature & life4 ,:atev] e/imate may be =m$ ( ! success ( ?is und]tak+1 !re c be no "q ( ! ability & eloqu5ce ( ! accompli%$ plead]2 & ! book proves him1 at lea/1 to h acquir$ a surpris+ am\nt ( physiological & anatomical k4 ,x is ju/ly describ$ by ,sir ,j4 ,mack9to% z 8! wond]ful "w ( a man :o1 aft] sixty1 _h /udi$ anatomy 9 ord] to write x40 ,( ! ,evid5ces 7#agij-id7--! mo/ popul>ly kn[n ( 8 writ+s--! consid]able lit]>y m]it is 9 some:at /rik+ contra/1 9 reg>d to cle>ness & simplicity ( /yle1 ) ! ord9>y productions ( ! evid5tial s*ool4 ,we are conc]n$ n[ ) ! ,moral & ,political ,philosophy4 ,x has be5 already /at$ t x is bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( utilit>ianism4 ,z = p]sonal moral conduct1 he ju/ly consid]$ x to be va/ly influ5c$ by e>ly cu/om2 or1 z he expresses x1 ! art ( life consi/s 9 ! "r 8sett+ ( our habits40 ,on ! subjo9$ exam9ation ( ! "q ( ! lawfulness or o!rwise ( fle%-eat+1 8 ultimate refuge 9 an alleg$ biblical au?ority 7=c$ ^u him1 app>5tly1 by ! necessity ( 8 position r ?an by p]sonal incl9ation7 confirms r ?an weak5s 8 prec$+ c&id admissions1 :i* suffici5tly e/abli% our position3-- 8,a "r to ! fle% ( animals4 ,?is is a v diff]5t claim f ! =m] #8a "r to ! fruits or vegetable produce ( ! e>?'4 ,"s excuse seems necess>y = ! pa9 & loss :i* we occasion to o!r animals by re/ra9+ !m ( _! lib]ty1 mutilat+ _! bodies1 &1 at la/1 putt+ an end to _! lives = our pleasure or conv5i5ce4 8,! reasons alleg$ 9 v9dication ( ?is practice are ! foll[+--t ! sev]al species ( animals be+ creat$ to prey ^u "o ano!r#ahg af=ds a k9d ( analogy to prove t ! human species 7 int5d$ to fe$ ^u !m2 t1 if let alone1 !y w\ld ov]run ! e>?1 & exclude mank9d f ! occupation ( x2#ahh t !y are requit$ = :at !y suff] at our h&s by our c>e & protection4 8,^u :i* reasons ,i w\ld obs]ve t ! analogy cont5d$ = is extremely lame1 s9ce ! c>nivor\s animals h no p[] to support life by any o!r means1 & s9ce we h1 = ! :ole human species might subsi/ entirely ^u fruit1 pulse1 h]bs1 & roots1 z _m tribes ( ,h9dus#ahi actually d4 ,! two o!r reasons may be valid reasons1 z f> z !y g1 =1 no d\bt1 if m5 _h be5 support$ entirely by vegetable food a great "p ( ^? animals :o die to furni% our tables w\ld nev] h liv$#aij b !y by no means ju/ify our "r ov] ! lives ( o!r animals to ! ext5t to :i* we ex]cise x4 ,:at dang] is !re1 e4g41 ( fi% int]f]+ ) u 9 ! occupation ( _! elem5t1 or :at d we contribute to _! support or pres]vation8 8,x seems to me t x w\ld be difficult to def5d ?is "r by any argum5ts :i* ! light & ord] ( ,nature af=d1 & t we are behold5 = x to ! p]mission record$ 9 ,scripture 7,g54 ix41 #a1 #b1 #c74 ,to ,adam & 8 po/]ity _h be5 grant$1 at ! creation1 #8e gre5 h]b = meat1' & no?+ m4 ,9 ! la/ clause ( ! passage n[ produc$ ! old grant is recit$ & ext5d$ to ! fle% ( animals--#8ev5 z ! gre5 h]b1 h ,i giv5 y all ?+s4' ,b ?is 0 n until aft] ! ,flood4 ,! inhabitants ( ! ant$iluvian _w _h !re=e no su* p]mission t we "k (4 ,:e!r !y actually refra9$ f ! fle% ( animals is ano!r "q4 ,abel1 we read1 0 a keep] ( %eep1 & = :at purpose he kept !m1 except = food1 is difficult to say 7unless x 7 sacrifice74 ,might n1 h[ev]1 "s ( ! /rict] sects among ! ant$iluvians be scrupul\s z to ?is po9t8 ,& might n ,noah & 8 family be ( ?is description8 ,=1 x is n probable t ,god %\ld publi% a p]mission to au?orise a practice :i* _h nev] be5 disput$40#aia ,?us f> z reg>ds ! moral aspect ( ! subject4 ,deal+ ) ! social & economical view1 ,paley1 untrammell$ by pr(essional views1 is m decid$4 ,9 8 *apt]1 ,( ,population & ,provision1 c41 he writes3-- 8,! natives ( ,h9du/an be+ conf9$1 by ! laws ( _! religion1 to ! use ( vegetable food1 & requir+ little except rice1 :i* ! c\ntry produces 9 pl5tiful crops2 & food1 9 w>m climates1 compos+ ! only want ( life1 ^! c\ntries are popul\s "u all ! injuries ( a despotic1 & ! agitations ( an unsettl$1 ,gov]nm5t4 ,if any revolution1 or :at w\ld be call$ p]haps ref9em5t ( mann]s 7671 %\ld g5]ate 9 ^! p a ta/e = ! fle% ( animals1 simil> to :at prevails among/ ! ,arabian hordes--%\ld introduce flocks & h]ds into gr\nds :i* are n[ cov]$ ) corn--%\ld tea* !m to acc\nt a c]ta9 portion ( ?is species ( food among/ ! necess>ies ( life--! population f ?is s+le *ange w\ld suff] 9 a few ye>s a great dim9ution1 & ?is dim9ution w\ld foll[ 9 spite ( e ef=t ( ! laws1 or ev5 ( any improvem5t t might take place 9 _! civil condition4 ,9 ,irel& ! simplicity ( liv+ alone ma9ta9s a consid]able degree ( population "u great defects ( police1 indu/ry1 & comm]ce4444 ,next to ! mode ( liv+1 we are to consid] #8! quantity ( provision suit$ to t mode1 :i* is ei!r rais$ 9 ! c\ntry or import$ into x1' = ?is is ! ord] 9 :i* we assign$ ! causes ( population & und]took to treat ( !m4 ,n[1 if we measure ! quantity ( provision by ! numb] ( human bodies x w support 9 due heal? & vig\r1 ?is quantity1 ! ext5t & quality ( ! soil f :i* x is rais$ be+ giv51 w dep5d greatly ^u ! k9d4 ,= in/ance1 a piece ( gr\nd capable ( supply+ animal food suffici5t = ! subsi/5ce ( t5 p]sons w\ld su/a91 at lea/1 ! d\ble ( t numb] ) gra91 roots1 & milk4 8,! fir/ res\rce ( savage life is 9 ! fle% ( wild animals4 ,h5ce ! numb]s among/ savage nations1 comp>$ ) ! tract ( c\ntry :i* !y occupy1 are univ]sally small1 because ?is species ( provision is1 ( all o!rs1 suppli$ 9 ! sl5d]e/ proportion4 ,! next /ep 0 ! inv5tion ( pa/urage1 or ! re>+ ( flocks & h]ds ( tame animals4 ,?is alt]ation add$ to ! /ock ( provision mu*4 ,b ! la/ & pr9cipal improvem5t 0 to foll[1 viz41 tillage1 or ! artificial production ( corn1 escul5t plants1 & roots4 ,?is discov]y1 :il/ x *ang$ ! quality ( human food1 augm5t$ ! quantity 9 a va/ proportion4 8,s f> z ! /ate ( population is gov]n$ & limit$ by ! quantity ( provision1 p]haps !re is no s+le cause t affects x s p[]fully z ! k9d & quality ( food :i* *ance or usage ha? introduc$ into a c\ntry4 ,9 ,engl&1 not)/&+ ! produce ( ! soil has be5 ( late consid]ably increas$ by ! enclosure ( wa/es & ! adoption1 9 _m places1 ( a m successful husb&ry1 yet we d n obs]ve a correspond+ addition to ! numb] ( inhabitants1 ! reason ( :i* appe>s to me to be ! m g5]al consumption ( animal food among/ u4 ,_m ranks ( p ^: ord9>y diet 01 9 ! la/ c5tury1 prep>$ almo/ entirely f milk1 roots1 & vegetables1 n[ require e day a consid]able portion ( ! fle% ( animals4 ,h5ce a great "p ( ! ri*e/ l&s ( ! c\ntry are conv]t$ to pa/urage4 ,mu* also ( ! bread-corn1 :i* w5t directly to ! n\ri%m5t ( human bodies1 n[ only contributes to x by fatt5+ ! fle% ( %eep & ox54 ,! mass & volume ( provisions are h]eby dim9i%$1 & :at is ga9$ 9 ! amelioration ( ! soil is lo/ 9 ! quality ( ! produce4 8,?is consid]ation tea*es u t tillage1 z an object ( national c>e & enc\ragem5t1 is univ]sally pref]able to pa/urage1 because ! k9d ( provision :i* x yields goes mu* f>!r 9 ! su/5tation ( human life4 ,tillage is also recomm5d$ by ?is additional advantage--t x af=ds employm5t to a mu* m num]\s peasantry4 ,inde$ pa/urage seems to be ! art ( a nation1 ei!r imp]fectly civilis$1 z are _m ( ! tribes :i* cultivate x 9 ! int]nal p>ts ( ,asia1 or ( a nation1 l ,spa91 decl9+ f its summit by luxury & inactivity40#aib ,else:]e ,paley ass]ts t 8luxury 9 dress or furniture is univ]sally pref]able to luxury 9 eat+1 because ! articles :i* con/itute ! "o are m ! production ( human art & indu/ry ?an ^? :i* supply ! o!r40 ,,xxxii4 ,,/4 ,,pi]re4 #agcg-ahad4 ,pr9cipally kn[n z ! au?or ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( all idyllic romances--,paul et ,virg9ie4 ,beg9n+ 8 c>e] z civil eng9e] he aft]w>ds ent]$ ! ,fr5* army4 ,a qu>rel ) 8 (ficial sup]iors =c$ him to seek employm5t else:]e1 & he f\nd x 9 ! ,russian s]vice1 :]e 8 sci5tific ability receiv$ due recognition4 ,enc\rag$ by ! e/eem 9 :i* he 0 held1 he =m$ ! project ( e/abli%+ a colony on ! ,caspian %ores1 :i* %\ld be "u j & equal laws4 ,/4 ,pi]re submitt$ ! s*eme to ! ,russian ,m9i/]1 :o1 z we %\ld be apt to presume1 did n receive x too fav\rably4 ,he !n w5t to ,pol& 9 ! va9 expectation ( aid+ ! p ( t hopelessly di/ract$ c\ntry 9 ?r[+ (f ! =eign]s' yoke4 ,fail+ 9 ?is und]tak+1 & despair+1 = ! "t1 ( ! cause ( fre$om1 we next f9d him 9 ,b]l9 & 9 ,vi5na4 ,he _h also previ\sly visit$ ,holl&1 9 :i* great refuge ( fre$om he _h be5 receiv$ ) hospitality4 ,9 ,p>is1 ^u 8 return to ,france1 8 project ( a free colony f\nd bett] reception ?an 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg--ow+1 p]haps1 to ! n altoge!r dis9t]e/$ sympa?y ( ! ,gov]nm5t ) ! rec5tly revolt$ ,am]ican colonies4 ,to fur!r 8 plans he accept$ an (ficial po/ 9 ! ,ile de ,france1 int5d+ ev5tually to proce$ to ,madagasc>1 :]e 0 to be realis$ 8 long-*]i%$ idea4 ,on ! voyage he discov]$ t 8 associates _h =m$ a v diff]5t design f 8 own--to engage 9 ! slave traffic4 ,sep>at+ f ^! nef>i\s speculators1 he l&$ 9 ! ,ile de ,france1 :]e he rema9$ two ye>s4 ,x is to ! exp]i5ces ( ?is "p ( 8 life t we owe 8 ,paul et ,virg9ie1 ! sc5es ( :i* are laid 9 t tropical isl&4 ,return+ home once aga91 he made ! acqua9tance ( ,d',alemb]t & ( o!r lead+ m5 ( lett]s 9 ,p>is1 &1 p>ticul>ly1 ( ,r\sseau1 8 philosophical ma/]4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! ,great ,revolution ( #aghi1 ,/4 ,pi]re lo/ 8 po/ z sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,royal ,botanical ,g>d5s "u ! old ,b\rbon ,gov]nm5t1 & he f\nd himself r$uc$ to pov]ty2 & al?\gh 8 sympa?ies 7 ) ! p>ty ( con/itutional1 ?\gh n ( radical1 re=m1 ! supremacy ( ! extreme revolutioni/s 7#agib-agid7 expos$ him to "s haz>d by reason ( 8 kn[n dei/ic convictions4 ,^u ! e/abli%m5t ( ! reaction>y revolution ( ! ,empire1 ,/4 ,pi]re recov]$ 8 =m] po/1 &1 ) ! empty hon\r ( ! ,imp]ial ,cross1 he receiv$ ! m solid b5efit ( a p5sion & o!r emolum5ts4 ,8 writ+s h be5 collect$ & publi%$ 9 two qu>to volumes 7,p>is1 #ahcf74 ,( ^!1 aft] 8 celebrat$ romance1 p]haps ! mo/ popul> is ,la ,*aumire ,indi5ne 78,! ,indian or ,h9du ,cottage074 ,8 pr9cipal productions are ,etudes de la ,nature 78,/udies ( ,nature071 ,vux d'un ,solitaire 78,aspirations ( a ,recluse071 ,voyage ,l',ile de ,france 78,voyage to ,mauritius071 & ,l',arcadie 78,arcadia074 ,8 m]its consi/ 9 a c]ta9 ref9em5t ( feel+1 9 *>m+ eloqu5ce 9 description ( natural beauty1 & 9 ! humane _s :i* brea!s 9 8 writ+s4 ,( ! ,paul et ,virg9ie he tells u-- 8,i h propos$ to myself great designs 9 t little "w4444 ,i h desir$ to reunite to ! beauty ( ,nature1 z se5 9 ! tropics1 ! moral beauty ( a small society ( human be+s4 ,i propos$ to myself !reby to demon/rate sev]al great tru?s2 among/ o!rs ?is--t our happ9ess consi/s 9 liv+ accord+ to ,nature & ,virtue40 ,he assures u t ! pr9cipal *>act]s & ev5ts he describes are by no means only ! imag9+s ( romance4 ,9 tru?1 x seems difficult to believe t ! g5ius ( ! au?or alone c\ld h impress$ s wond]ful an air ( reality ^u m]ely fictiti\s sc5es4 ,! popul>ity ( ! /ory 0 secur$ at once 9 ! au?or's own c\ntry1 & x rapidly spread ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,paul et ,virg9ie 0 successively translat$ into ,engli%1 ,italian1 ,g]man1 ,dut*1 ,poli%1 ,russian1 & ,spani%4 ,x became ! fa%ion = mo!rs to give to _! *ildr5 ! names ( its h]o & h]o9e1 & well w\ld x h be5 _h !y also adopt$ = !m t me?od ( innoc5t liv+ :i* is ! real1 if too g5]ally unrecognis$1 secret ( ! fasc9at+ p[] ( ! book4 ,x is ?us t he eloqu5tly calls to remembrance ! natural fea/s ( 8 "y h]o9e & h]o3-- 8,amiable *ildr56 ?us 9 innoc5ce did y pass y\r fir/ days4 ,h[ (t5 9 ?is spot h y\r mo!rs1 press+ y 9 _! arms1 ?ank$ ,heav5 = ! consolation y 7 prep>+ = !m 9 _! old age1 & = ! happ9ess ( see+ y ent] ^u life "u s happy auguries6 ,h[ (t51 "u ! %ad[ ( ^! rocks1 h ,i %>$1 ) !m1 y\r out-door repa/s :i* _h co/ no animals _! lives4 ,g\rds full ( milk1 ( newly-laid eggs1 ( rice cakes ^u banana leaves1 baskets lad5 ) potatoes1 ) mangoes1 ) oranges1 ) pomegranates1 ) bananas1 ) dates1 ) ananas1 (f]$ at once ! mo/ :olesome meats1 ! mo/ beautiful col\rs1 & ! mo/ agreeable juices4 ,! conv]sation 0 z ref9$ & g5tle z _! food40 ,! human5ess ( _! mann]s _h attract$ to ! *>m+ arb\r1 :i* !y _h =m$ = !mselves1 all k9ds ( beautiful birds1 :o s\ght !re _! daily meals & ! c>esses ( _! human protectors4 ,our read]s w n be displeas$ to be rem9d$ ( ?is *>m+ sc5e3-- 8,virg9ie lov$ to repose ^u ! slope ( ?is f\nta91 :i* 0 decorat$ ) a pomp at once magnific5t & wild4 ,(t5 w\ld %e come !re to wa% ! h\sehold l95 b5ea? ! %ade ( two cocoa-nut trees4 ,sometimes %e l$ h] goats to fe$ 9 ?is place2 &1 :ile %e 0 prep>+ *eese f _! milk1 %e pleas$ h]self 9 wat*+ !m z !y br[s$ ! h]bage ^u ! precipit\s sides ( ! rocks1 & support$ !mselves 9 mid-air ^u "o ( ! jutt+ po9ts z ^u a p$e/al4 ,paul1 see+ t ?is spot 0 lov$ by ,virg9ie1 br\ght f ! neighb\r+ =e/ ! ne/s ( all sorts ( birds4 ,! fa!rs & mo!rs ( ^! birds foll[$ _! little ones1 & came & e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ?is new colony4 ,virg9ie w\ld di/ribute to !m f "t to "t gra9s ( rice1 maize1 & millet4 ,z soon z %e appe>$1 ! blackbirds1 ! b5galis1 ^: flight is s g5tle1 ! c>d9als1 ^: plumage is ( ! col\r ( fire1 quitt$ _! bu%es2 p>roquets1 gre5 z em]ald1 desc5d$ f ! neighb\r+ lianas1 p>tridges ran along "u ! grass--all advanc$ pell-mell up to h] feet l dome/ic h5s4 ,paul & %e delight$ !mselves ) _! transports ( joy1 ) _! eag] appetites1 & ) _! loves40 ,9 8 views ^u national education1 ,/4 ,pi]re invites ! s]i\s att5tion ( legislators & educators to ! importance ( accu/om+ ! "y to ! n\ri%m5t prescrib$ by ,nature3-- 8,!y ! true in/ructors ( ! p w accu/om *ildr5 to ! vegetable rgime4 ,! peoples liv+ ^u vegetable foods1 are1 ( all m51 ! h&some/1 ! mo/ vigor\s1 ! lea/ expos$ to diseases & to passions1 & !y ^: lives la/ longe/4 ,su*1 9 ,europe1 are a l>ge proportion ( ! ,swiss4 ,! great] "p ( ! peasantry :o1 9 e c\ntry1 =m ! mo/ vigor\s portion ( ! p1 eat v little fle%-meat4 ,! ,russians h multipli$ p]iods ( fa/+ & days ( ab/95ce1 f :i* ev5 ! soldi]s are n exempt2 & yet !y resi/ all k9ds ( fatigues4 ,! negroes1 :o und]go s _m h>d bl[s 9 our colonies1 live ^u manioc1 potatoes1 & maize alone4 ,! ,brahm9s ( ,india1 :o frequ5tly rea* ! age ( "o hundr$ ye>s1 eat only vegetable foods4 ,x 0 f ! ,py?agorean sect t issu$ ,epam9ondas1 s celebrat$ by 8 virtues2 ,ar*ytas1 by 8 g5ius = ma!matics & me*anics2 ,milo ( ,crotona1 by 8 /r5g? ( body4 ,py?agoras himself 0 ! f9e/ man ( 8 "t1 &1 )\t dispute1 ! mo/ enlight5$1 s9ce he 0 ! fa!r ( philosophy among/ ! ,greeks4 ,inasmu* z ! non-fle% diet introduces _m virtues & excludes none1 x w be well to br+ up ! "y ^u x1 s9ce x has s happy an influ5ce ^u ! beauty ( ! body & ^u ! tranquility ( ! m9d4 ,?is regim5 prolongs *ildhood1 &1 by consequ5ce1 human life4#aic 8,i h se5 an in/ance ( x 9 a "y ,engli%man ag$ fifte51 & :o did n appe> to be twelve ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 ( a mo/ int]e/+ figure1 ( ! mo/ robu/ heal?1 & ( ! mo/ sweet disposition4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to take v long walks4 ,he 0 nev] put out ( temp] by any annoyance t might happ54 ,8 fa!r1 ,mr4 ,pigott1 told me t he _h br\ght him up entirely ^u ! ,py?agorean regim51 ! good effects ( :i* he _h kn[n by 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,he _h =m$ ! project ( employ+ a "p ( 8 =tune1 :i* 0 consid]able1 9 e/abli%+ 9 ,engli% ,am]ica a society ( diet>y re=m]s :o %\ld be engag$ 9 educat+1 "u ! same regim51 ! *ildr5 ( ! coloni/s 9 all ! arts :i* be> ^u agriculture4 ,w\ld t ?is educational s*eme1 wor?y ( ! be/ & happie/ times ( ,antiquity1 might succe$6 ,physically1 x suits a w>like p no less ?an an agricultural "o4 ,! ,p]sian *ildr51 ( ! "t ( ,cyrus1 & by 8 ord]s1 7 n\ri%$ ^u bread1 wat]1 & vegetables4444 ,x 0 ) ^! *ildr51 become m51 t ,cyrus made ! conque/ ( ,asia4 ,i obs]ve t ,lycurgus introduc$ a great "p ( ! physical & moral regim5 ( ! ,p]sian *ildr5 into ! education ( ^? ( ! ,lac$emonians40 7,etudes47#aid 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! _m practical witnesses ( ?is p]iod1 m or less int]e/+1 = ! suffici5cy1 or r sup]iority1 ( ! re=m$ regim51 f\r names /& out 9 prom95t relief--,frankl91 ,h[>d1 ,sw$5borg1 ,wesley--prom95t ei!r = sci5tific ability or = philan?ropic zeal4 ,to 8 e>ly resolution to betake himself to frugal liv+1 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 !n 9 a pr9t]'s (fice 9 ,bo/on1 attributes ma9ly 8 future success 9 life4#aie ,x 0 to 8 pure diet>y t ! great ,prison ,re=m] assigns 8 immunity1 dur+ s _m ye>s1 f ! deadly jail-fev]1 to ! infection ( :i* he fe>lessly expos$ himself 9 visit+ ^? hotb$s ( mal>ia--! fil?y prisons ( ?is c\ntry & ( cont95tal ,europe4 7,see ! correspond5ce ( ,john ,h[>d--passim47 ,equally significant is ! te/imony ( ! em95t f\nd] ( ,me?odism ^: almo/ unexampl$ en]gy & endurance1 bo? ( m9d & body1 dur+ "s fifty ye>s ( cont9u\s p]secution1 bo? legal & popul>1 7 support$ 7z he in=ms u 9 8 ,j\rnals7 ma9ly by ab/95ce f gross foods2 :ile1 9 reg>d to ,emanuel ,sw$5borg1 if ab/95ce does n assume s prom95t a place 9 8 !ological or o!r v>i\s writ+s z might h be5 expect$ f 8 special op9ions1 ! cause ( su* sil5ce mu/ be ref]r$ n to p]sonal addiction to an anti-spirituali/ic n\ri%m5t 7= he himself 0 notably frugal7 b to preoccupation ( m5tal faculties :i* seem to h be5 absorb$ 9 ! elaboration ( 8 well-kn[n spirituali/ic sy/em4 ,! limits ( ?is "w d n p]mit u to quote all ! _m writ]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury :om philosophy1 sci5ce1 or pr(\nd] feel+ urg$ incid5tally to "q ! necessity or to suspect ! b>b>ism ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se4 ,b !re are two names1 among/ ! highe/ 9 ! :ole range ( ,engli% philosophic lit]ature1 ^: expression ( op9ion may seem to be peculi>ly notewor?y--! au?or ( ! ,weal? ( ,nations & ! hi/orian ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4 8,x may1 inde$1 be d\bt$ writes ! f\nd] ( ! sci5ce ( ,political ,economy :e!r but*]s' meat is any:]e a necess>y ( life4 ,gra9 & o!r vegetables1 ) ! help ( milk1 *eese1 & butt]1 or oil 7:]e butt] is n to be _h71 x is kn[n f exp]i5ce1 c1 )\t any but*]s' meat1 af=d ! mo/ pl5tiful1 ! mo/ :olesome1 ! mo/ n\ri%+1 & ! mo/ invigorat+ diet40#aif ,z = ! reflections ( ! fir/ ( hi/orians1 :o seems always c>efully to gu>d himself f ! expression ( any sort ( emotion n 9 keep+ ) ! "* ( an imp>tial judge & unprejudic$ spectator1 b :o1 on ! subject 9 "q1 _c :olly repress ! natural feel+ ( disgu/1 !y are suffici5tly significant4 ,gibbon is describ+ ! mann]s ( ! ,t>t> tribes3-- 8,! ?rones ( ,asia h be5 repeat$ly ov]turn$ by ! %eph]ds ( ! ,nor?1 & _! arms h spread t]ror & deva/ation ov] ! mo/ f]tile & w>like c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,on ?is occasion1 z well z on _m o!rs1 ! sob] hi/orian is =cibly awak5$ f a pleas+ vision1 & is compell$1 ) "s reluctance1 to confess t ! pa/oral mann]s1 :i* h be5 adorn$ ) ! faire/ attributes ( peace & innoc5ce1 are mu* bett] adapt$ to ! fi]ce & cruel habits ( a milit>y life4 8,to illu/rate ?is obs]vation1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to consid] a nation ( %eph]ds & ( w>riors 9 ! ?ree important articles ( 7#a7 _! diet1 7#b7 _! habitations1 & 7#c7 _! ex]cises4 #a4 ,! corn1 or ev5 ! rice1 :i* con/itutes ! ord9>y & :olesome food ( a civilis$ p1 c be obta9$ only by ! pati5t toil ( ! husb&man4 ,"s ( ! happy savages :o dwell betwe5 ! tropics are pl5tifully n\ri%$ by ! lib]ality ( ,nature2 b 9 ! climates ( ! ,nor? a nation ( %eph]ds is r$uc$ to _! flocks & h]ds4 ,! skilful practition]s ( ! m$ical art w det]m9e 7if !y are able to det]m9e7 h[ f> ! temp] ( ! human m9d may be affect$ by ! use ( animal or ( vegetable food2 & :e!r ! common association ( c>nivor\s & cruel des]ves to be consid]$ 9 any o!r light ?an t ( an innoc5t1 p]haps a salut>y1 prejudice ( humanity4 ,yet if x be true t ! s5tim5t ( compassion is imp]ceptibly weak5$ by ! sight & practice ( dome/ic cruelty1 we may obs]ve t ! horrid objects :i* are disguis$ by ! arts ( ,european ref9em5t are exhibit$ 9 _! nak$ & mo/ disgu/+ simplicity 9 ! t5t ( a ,t>t> %eph]d4 ,! ,ox5 or ! ,%eep are slaught]$ by ! same h& f :i* !y 7 accu/om$ to receive _! daily food1 & ! ble$+ limbs are s]v$1 ) v little prep>ation1 on ! table ( _! unfeel+ murd]]s40#aig ,to ! poets1 :o claim to be ! int]pret]s & prie/s ( ,nature1 we might1 ) ju/ness1 look = celebration ( ! anti-mat]iali/ liv+4 ,unhappily we too g5]ally look 9 va94 ,! prophet-poets--,hesiod1 ,kalidsa1 ,milton1 ,?omson1 ,%elley1 ,lam>t9e--=m a b& m noble ?an num]\s4 ,( ^? :o1 n hav+ ent]$ ! v sanctu>y ( ! temple ( humanit>ianism1 h be5 cont5t to (ficiate 9 its out] c\rts1 ,burns & ,c[p] occupy a prom95t place4 ,t ! latt]1 :o felt s ke5ly 8,! p]secution & ! pa9 ,t man inflicts on all inf]ior k9ds ,reg>dless ( _! pla9ts10 & :o has d5\nc$ ) s eloqu5t indignation ! pitiless w>s 8wag$ ) def5celess innoc5ce10 & ! protean %apes ( human selfi%ness1 %\ld yet h /opp$ %ort ( ! f9al cause ( !m all1 w\ld be inexplicable b = ! bl9d+ influ5ce ( habit & au?ority4 ,nev]!less1 8 picture ( ! savag]y ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se1 & ( "s ( its associat$ cruelties1 is too =cible to be omitt$3 8,to make him sport1 ,to ju/ify ! phr5sy ( 8 wra?1 ,or 8 base gluttony1 are causes good ,& j1 9 8 acc\nt1 :y bird & bea/ ,%\ld suff] torture1 & ! /ream be dy$ ,) blood ( _! inhabitants impal$4 ,e>? groans b5ea? ! burd5 ( a w> ,wag$ ) def5celess ,innoc5ce3 :ile he1 ,n satisfi$ to prey on all ar\nd1 ,adds t5fold bitt]ness to dea? by pangs ,ne$less1 & fir/ torm5ts ere he dev\rs4 ,n[ happie/ !y :o occupy ! sc5es ,! mo/ remote f 8 abhorr$ resort4 99 99 99 99 99 ,witness at 8 feet ,! ,spaniel dy+ = "s v5ial fault1 ,"u dissection ( ! knott$ sc\rge3 ,witness ! pati5t ,ox1 ) /ripes & yells ,driv5 to ! slaught]1 goad$ z he runs ,to madness1 :ile ! savage at 8 heels ,laughs at ! frantic suff]]'s fury sp5t ,^u ! he$less pass5g] o'er?r[n4 ,he1 too1 is witness--noble/ ( ! tra9 ,:o waits on ,man--! flight-p]=m+ ,horse3 ,) unsuspect+ read9ess he takes ,8 murd]] on 8 back1 &1 pu%$ all day1 ,) ble$+ sides1 & flanks t heave = life1 ,to ! f>-di/ant goal arrives1 & dies6 ,s little m]cy %[s1 :o ne$s s mu*6 ,does ,law--s jeal\s 9 ! cause ( ,man8-- ,d5\nce no doom on ! del9qu5t8 ,none40#aih ,,xxxiii4 ,,oswald4 #agcj-agic4 ,among/ ! less kn[n prophets ( ! new ,re=mation ! au?or ( ! ,cry ( ,nature--"o ( ! mo/ eloqu5t appeals to ju/ice & "r feel+ ev] address$ to ! consci5ce ( m5--des]ves an hon\rable place4 ,( ! facts ( 8 life we h scanty record4 ,he 0 a native ( ,ed9burgh4 ,at an e>ly age he ent]$ ! ,engli% army z a private soldi]1 b 8 fri5ds soon obta9$ = him an (fic]'s commission4 ,he w5t to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself by 8 rem>kable c\rage & ability4 ,he did n long rema9 9 ! milit>y life2 &1 hav+ sold out1 he travell$ ?r\gh ,h9du/an to in=m himself ( ! pr9ciples ( ! ,brahm9 & ,buddhi/ religions ( ! p59sula1 ^: dress z well z mild] mann]s he assum$ ^u 8 return to ,engl&4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ?is c\ntry he uni=mly ab/a9$ f all fle% meats1 & s great1 we are told1 0 8 abhorr5ce ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se1 t1 to avoid x or ! but*]'s %op1 he 0 accu/om$ to make a long dt\r4 ,8 *ildr5 7 br\ght up 9 ! same way4 ,9 #agij1 l "s o!rs ( ! m en?usia/ic class ( 8 c\ntrym51 he esp\s$ ! cause ( ! ,revolution1 & w5t to ,p>is4 ,by introduc+ "s useful milit>y re=ms he ga9$ di/9ction among/ ! ,republicans1 & he receiv$ an important po/4 ,he seems to h fall51 ) 8 sons1 fight+ 9 ,la ,v5de = ! ,national ,cause4 ,! au?or1 9 8 preface1 tells u t-- 8,fatigu$ ) answ]+ ! inquiries & reply+ to ! objections ( 8 fri5ds ) respect to ! s+ul>ity ( 8 mode ( life1 he conceiv$ t he might consult 8 ease by mak+1 once = all1 a public apology = 8 op9ions4444 ,! au?or is v f> f ent]ta9+ a presumption t 8 sl5d] lab\rs 7crude & imp]fect z !y are n[ hurri$ to ! press7 w ev] op]ate an effect on ! public m9d2 & yet1 :5 he consid]s ! natural bias ( ! human he>t to ! side ( m]cy1#aii & obs]ves1 on all h&s1 ! b>b>\s gov]nm5ts ( ,europe giv+ way to a bett] sy/em ( ?+s1 he is incl9$ to hope t ! day is beg9n+ to approa* :5 ! gr[+ s5tim5t ( peace & goodwill t[>ds m5 w also embrace1 9 a wide circle ( b5evol5ce1 ! l[] ord]s ( life4 8,at all ev5ts1 ! pleas+ p]suasion t 8 "w may h contribut$ to mitigate ! f]ocities ( prejudice1 & to dim9i%1 9 "s degree1 ! great mass ( mis]y :i* oppresses ! l[] animal _w1 w1 9 ! h\r ( di/ress1 convey to ! au?or's s\l a consolation :i* ! too? ( calumny w n be able to empoison40 ,a noble & true inspiration nobly & eloqu5tly us$6 ,! argum5ts1 by :i* he attempts to rea* ! bett] feel+ ( 8 read]s1 are drawn f ! deepe/ s\rce ( morality4 ,hav+ giv5 a beautiful picture ( ! tempt+ & allur+ "* ( ,fruits1 he exclaims 9 8 poetic-prose3-- 8,b f> o!r is ! fate ( animals4 ,=1 alas6 :5 !y are pluck$ f ! tree ( ,life1 sudd5ly ! )]$ blossoms ( _! beauty %r9k to ! *illy h& ( ,dea?4 ,qu5*$ 9 8 cold grasp expires ! lamp ( _! lovel9ess1 & /ruck by ! livid bla/ ( loa!d putrefaction1 _! comely limbs are involv$ 9 gha/ly horror4 ,%all we leave ! liv+ h]bs to seek1 9 ! d5 ( dea?1 an obsc5e alim5t8 ,ins5sible to ! bloom+ beauties ( ,pomona--unallur$ by ! fragrant od\rs t exhale f h] groves ( gold5 fruits--unmov$ by ! nect> ( ,nature1 by ! ambrosia ( innoc5ce--%all ! voraci\s vultures ( our impure appetites spe$ along ^? lovely sc5es & alight 9 ! loa?some s9k ( putrefaction to dev\r ! rema9s ( o!r creatures1 to load ) cadav]\s rott5ness a wret*$ /oma*80 ,he repeats ,porphyry's appeal to ! consid]ation ( human int]e/s !mselves-- 8,& is n ! human race itself highly int]e/$ to prev5t ! habit ( spill+ blood8 ,=1 w ! man1 habituat$ to viol5ce1 be nice to di/+ui% ! vital tide ( a quadrup$ f t :i* fl[s f a creature ) two legs8 ,are ! dy+ /ruggles ( a ,lamb less affect+ ?an ! agonies ( any animal :atev]8 ,or1 w ! ruffian :o beholds unmov$ ! supplicatory looks ( innoc5ce itself1 &1 reckless ( ! ,calf's infant9e cries1 pitilessly plunges 9 h] quiv]+ side ! murd]+ knife1 w he turn1 ,i say1 ) horror f human assass9ation8 #8,:at m advance c mortals make 9 s91 ,s ne> p]fection1 :o ) blood beg98 ,deaf to ! calf :o lies b5ea? ! knife1 ,looks up1 & f ! but*] begs h] life4 ,deaf to ! h>mless kid :o1 ere he dies1 ,all ef=ts to procure ?y pity tries1 ,& imitates1 9 va91 ?y *ildr5's cries4 ,:]e w he /op8' 8,f ! practice ( slaught]+ an innoc5t animal ( ano!r species to ! murd] ( man himself ! /eps are nei!r _m nor remote4 ,?is our =efa!rs p]fectly und]/ood1 :o orda9$ t1 9 a cause ( blood1 no but*] %\ld be p]mitt$ to sit 9 jury4444 8,b f ! nature ( ! v human he>t arises ! /ronge/ argum5t 9 behalf ( ! p]secut$ be+s4 ,)9 u !re exi/s a root$ repugnance to ! %$d+ ( blood1 a repugnance :i* yields only to ,cu/om1 & :i* ev5 ! mo/ invet]ate cu/om c seldom entirely ov]come4 ,h5ce ! ungraci\s task ( %$d+ ! tide ( life 7= ! gluttony ( ! table7 has1 9 e c\ntry1 be5 committ$ to ! l[e/ class ( m51 & _! pr(ession is1 9 e c\ntry1 an object ( abhorr5ce4 8,!y fe$ on ! c>cass )\t remorse1 because ! dy+ /ruggles ( ! but*]$ victim are seclud$ f _! sight--because 8 cries pi]ce n _! e>s--because 8 agonis+ %rieks s9k n into _! s\ls4 ,b 7 !y =c$1 ) _! own h&s1 to assass9ate ! be+s :om !y dev\r1 :o is !re among u :o w\ld n ?r[ d[n ! knife ) dete/ation1 &1 r ?an embrue 8 h&s 9 ! murd] ( ! lamb1 cons5t = ev] to =ego ! accu/om$ repa/8 ,:at !n %all we say8 ,va9ly plant$ 9 our brea/ is ?is abhorr5ce ( cruelty--?is sympa!tic affection = innoc5ce8 ,or d ! feel+s ( ! he>t po9t to ! comm& ( ,nature m un]r+ly ?an all ! elaborate subtlety ( a set ( m5 :o1 at ! %r9e ( sci5ce1 h sacrific$ ! de>e/ s5tim5ts ( humanity80 ,?is eloqu5t v9dicator ( ! rights ( ! oppress$ ( ! non-human races "h addresses a sca?+ rebuke to ! tortur]s ( ! vivisection-halls1 z well z to ^? :o abuse ,sci5ce by attempt+ to enli/ x 9 ! def5ce ( slaught]4 8,y1 ! sons ( mod]n sci5ce1 :o c\rt n ,wisdom 9 h] walks ( sil5t m$itation 9 ! grove--:o behold h] n 9 ! liv+ lovel9ess ( h] works1 b expect to meet h] 9 ! mid/ ( obsc5ity & corruption--y1 :o dig = k 9 ! dep?s ( ! dunghill1 & :o expect to discov] ,wisdom en?ron$ amid ! fragm5ts ( mortality & ! abhorr5ce ( ! s5ses--y1 t ) cruel viol5ce int]rogate trembl+ ,nature1 :o plunge into h] mat]nal bosom ! but*]-knife1 &1 9 que/ ( y\r nef>i\s sci5ce1 delight to scrut9ise ! fibres ( agonis+ be+s1 y d>e also to violate ! human =m1 & hold+ up ! entrails ( m51 y exclaim1 #8,behold ! b[els ( a c>nivor\s animal6' ,b>b>ians6 to ^! v b[els ,i appeal aga9/ y\r cruel dogmas--to ^! b[els :i* ,nature ha? sanctifi$ to ! s5tim5ts ( pity & ( gratitude1 to ! ye>n+s ( k9dr$1 to ! melt+ t5d]ness ( love4 #8,mollissima corda ,humano g5]i d>e se ,natura fatetur1 ,qu la*rymas d$it3 hc no/ri p>s optima s5sus4'#bjj 8,_h ,nature int5d$ man to be an animal ( prey1 w\ld %e h implant$ 9 8 brea/ an in/9ct s adv]se to h] purpose8444 ,w\ld %e n r1 9 ord] to enable him to brave ! pi]c+ cries ( angui%1 h wrapp$ 8 ru?less he>t 9 ribs ( brass1 & ) iron entrails h arm$ him to gr9d1 )\t %ad[ ( remorse1 ! palpitat+ limbs ( agonis+ life8 ,b has ,nature w+$ ! feet ( m5 ) fleetness to ov]take ! fly+ prey8 ,& :]e are 8 fangs to te> asund] ! be+s de/9$ = 8 food8 ,does ! lu/ ( c>nage gl>e 9 8 eye-balls8 ,does he sc5t f af> ! foot/eps ( 8 victim8 ,does 8 s\l pant = ! fea/ ( blood8 ,is ! bosom ( m5 ! rugg$ abode ( bloody ?\ghts1 & f ! d5 ( ,dea? ru% =?1 at sight ( o!r animals1 8 rapaci\s desires to slay1 to mangle1 & to dev\r8 8,b come1 m5 ( sci5tific subtlety1 approa* & exam9e ) att5tion ?is dead body4 ,x 0 late a playful ,fawn1 :o skipp+ & b\nd+ on ! bosom ( p>5t ,e>?1 awoke 9 ! s\l ( ! feel+ obs]v] a ?\s& t5d] emotions4 ,b ! but*]'s knife has laid l[ ! delight ( a fond "m1 & ! d>l+ ( ,nature is n[ /ret*$ 9 gore ^u ! gr\nd4 ,approa*1 ,i say1 m5 ( sci5tific subtlety1 & tell me1 does ?is gha/ly spectacle :et y\r appetite8 ,b :y turn y ) abhorr5ce8 ,d y !n yield to ! comb9$ evid5ce ( y\r s5ses1 to ! te/imony ( consci5ce & common s5se2 or ) a %[ ( rhetoric1 pitiful z x is p]v]se1 w y /ill p]si/ 9 y\r endeav\r to p]suade u t to murd] an innoc5t be+ is n cruel nor unju/1 & t to fe$ ^u a corpse is nei!r fil?y nor unfitt+80 ,amid ! d>k sc5es ( b>b>ism & cold-blood$ indiff]5tism to suff]+ innoc5ce1 !re are yet ! glimm]s ( a bett] nature1 :i* ne$ b ! life-giv+ impulse ( a true religion & philosophy3-- 8,& yet ^? *annels ( sympa?y = inf]ior animals1 long--a v long--cu/om has n be5 able altoge!r to /ifle4 ,ev5 n[1 not)/&+ ! n>r[1 joyless1 & h>d-he>t$ t5d5cy ( ! prevail+ sup]/itions2 ev5 n[ we discov]1 9 e corn] ( ! globe1 "s good-natur$ prejudice 9 behalf ( c]ta9 ( ! p]secut$ animals2 we p]ceive1 9 e c\ntry1 c]ta9 privileg$ animals1 :om ev5 ! ru?less jaws ( gluttony d>e n to invade4 ,=1 to pass ov] unnotic$ ! va/ empires ( ,india & ( ,*9a1 :]e ! l[] ord]s ( life are consid]$ z relative p>ts ( society1 & are protect$ by ! laws & religion ( ! natives1#bja ! ,t>t>s ab/a9 f sev]al k9ds ( animals2 ! ,turks are *>itable to ! v dog1 :om !y abom9ate2 & ev5 ! ,engli% peasant pays t[>ds ! r$-brea/ an inviolable respect to ! rights ( hospitality4 8,long aft] ! p]v]se practice ( dev\r+ ! fle% ( animals _h gr[n into invet]ate habit among peoples1 !re exi/$ /ill 9 almo/ e c\ntry1 & ( e religion1 & ( e sect ( philosophy1 a wis]1 a pur]1 & m holy class ( m5 :o pres]v$ by _! in/itutions1 by _! precepts1 & by _! example1 ! memory ( primitive innoc5ce 8 & simplicity4 ,! ,py?agoreans abhorr$ ! slaught] ( any animal life2 ,epicurus & ! wor?ie/ "p ( 8 disciples b\nd$ _! delights ) ! produce ( _! g>d52 & ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians sev]al sects abom9at$ ! fea/ ( blood1 & 7 satisfi$ ) ! food :i* ,nature1 unviolat$1 br+s =? = our support4444 8,man1 9 a /ate ( nature1 is n1 app>5tly1 mu* sup]ior to o!r animals4 ,8 organisation is1 )\t d\bt1 extremely happy2 b !n ! dext]ity ( 8 figure is c\nt]pois$ by great advantages 9 o!r be+s4 ,inf]ior to ! ,bull 9 =ce1 & 9 fleetness to ! ,dog1 ! os sublime1 or erect front1 a feature he be>s 9 common ) ! ,monkey1 c\ld sc>cely h inspir$ him ) ^? haughty & magnific5t ideas :i* ! pride ( human ref9em5t !nce endeav\rs to d$uce4 ,expos$1 l 8 fell[-creatures1 to ! injuries ( ! air1 urg$ to action by ! same physical necessities1 susceptible ( ! same impressions1 actuat$ by ! same passions1 & equally subject to ! pa9s ( disease & to ! pangs ( dissolution1 ! simple savage nev] dreams t 8 nature 0 s mu* m noble1 or t he drew 8 orig9 f a pur] s\rce or m remote ?an ! o!r animals 9 :om he saw a resemblance s complete4 8,nor 7 ! simple s\nds by :i* he express$ ! s+l5ess ( 8 he>t at all fitt$ to flatt] him into t fond s5se ( sup]iority ov] ! be+s :om ! unreason+ insol5ce ( cultivat$ ages absurdly /yles mute4 ,i say absurdly /yles mute2 = ) :at propriety c t "n be appli$1 = example1 to ! little sir5s ( ! groves1 to :om ,nature has grant$ ! /ra9s ( ravi%m5t--! s\l ( song8 ,^? *>m+ w>bl]s :o p\r =?1 ) a mov+ melody :i* human +5uity vies ) 9 va91 _! loves1 _! anxiety1 _! woes4 ,9 ! ard\r & delicacy ( 8 amor\s expressions1 c ! mo/ impassion$1 ! mo/ respectful1 human lov] surpass ! #8glossy k9d1' z describ$ by ! mo/ beautiful ( all our poets8 8,&1 inde$1 has n ,nature giv5 to almo/ e be+ ! same spontane\s signs ( ! v>i\s affections8 ,admire we n 9 o!r animals :atev] is mo/ eloqu5t 9 man--! tremor ( desire1 ! te> ( di/ress1 ! pi]c+ cry ( angui%1 ! pity-plead+ look--expressions :i* speak to ! s\l ) a feel+ :i* words are feeble to convey80 ,! :ole ( ! little book ( :i* ! above extracts are prop]ly repres5tative1 brea!s ! _s ( a true religion4 ,we %all only add t x exhibits almo/ z mu* le>n+ & valuable rese>* z x exhibits ju/ness ( ?\ght & s5sibility--enri*$1 z x is1 by copi\s illu/rative notes4#bjb ,,xxxiv4 ,,hufel&4 #agfb-ahcf4 ,n entitl$ to rank among ! great] prophets :o h _h ! p5etration to recognise ! ess5tial b>b>ism1 no less ?an ! unnaturalness1 ( ,kreophagy 7disguis$1 z x is1 by ! arts ( civilisation71 ?is mo/ popul> ( all ,g]man physicians1 ) ! ,corn>os & ,ab]ne?ys1 may yet claim consid]able m]it z hav+1 9 "s degree1 s\ght to /em ! tide ( unnatural liv+1 :i*1 "u less gross =ms inde$ ?an ^? ( ! d>k] ages ( dietetics1 & p>tially conceal$ 9 ! ref9em5ts ( ,art1 is m difficult to be resi/$ by reason ( its v disguise4 ,if ! r5aissance ( ,py?agorean dietetics _h already dawn$ = ! deep] ?9k]s1 ! age ( sci5ce & ( reason1 z reg>ds ! mass ( accr$it$ tea*]s1 0 yet a long way (f2 & to all pione]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y fail$ to cle> ! way entirely1 "s measure ( our gratitude is due4 ,*ri/ian ,wilhelm ,hufel& is "o ( ! mo/ prolific ( m$ical writ]s4 ,hav+ /udi$ m$ic9e at ,j5a & at ,gott+5 he took ! degree ( doctor 9 #aghc4 ,at ,j5a he occupi$ a pr(essorial *air 7#agic71 & came to ,b]l9 five ye>s lat]1 :]e he 0 entru/$ ) ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,m$ical ,college4 ,bo? z practical physician & z pr(essor1 ,hufel& atta9$ a ,european reputation4 ,! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces elect$ him "o ( its memb]s4 ,8 num]\s writ+s h be5 (t5 repr9t$ 9 ,g]many4 ,among ! mo/ useful are3 7#a7 ,popul> ,diss]tations ^u ,heal? 7,leipsig1 #agid72 7#b7 ,makrobiotik3 od] die ,kun/ das ,m5s*li*e ,leb5 zu ,v]lng]n 7,j5a1 #agif71 a celebrat$ "w :i* has be5 translat$ into all ! languages ( ,europe#bjc2 7#c7 ,good ,advice to ,mo!rs ^u ! mo/ ,important ,po9ts ( ! ,physical ,education ( ,*ildr5 9 ! ,fir/ ,ye>s 7,b]l91 #agii72 7#d7 ,hi/ory ( ,heal?1 & ,physical ,*>act]i/ics ( our ,epo* 7,b]l91 #ahab7bjd4 ,( ,hufel&'s witness to ! g5]al sup]iority ( ! ,naturgemsse ,leb5sweise ! foll[+ s5t5ces are suffici5tly repres5tative3 8,! m man foll[s ,nature & obeys h] laws ! long] w he live4 ,! fur!r he removes f !m 7je weit] er von ihn5 abwei*t7 ! %ort] w be 8 duration ( exi/5ce4444 ,only in>tificial1 simple n\ri%m5t promotes heal? & long life1 :ile mix$ & ri* foods b %ort5 our exi/5ce4444 ,we frequ5tly f9d a v advanc$ old age among/ m5 :o f y\? upw>ds h liv$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ^u ! vegetable diet1 &1 p]haps1 h nev] ta/$ fle%40#bje ,,xxxv4 ,,ritson4 #agfa-ahcj4 ,kn[n to ! _w g5]ally z an em95t antiqu>ian &1 9 p>ticul>1 z "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ acute inve/igators ( ! s\rces ( ,engli% romantic poetry1 = future times 8 be/ & endur+ fame w re/ ^u 8 at pres5t almo/ =gott5 ,moral ,essay ^u ,ab/95ce--"o ( ! mo/ able & philosophical ( ! e?ical expositions ( anti-kreophagy ev] publi%$4 ,8 bir?place 0 ,/ockton 9 ! c\nty ( ,durham4 ,by pr(ession a conveyanc]1 he enjoy$ leisure = lit]>y pursuits by 8 income f an (ficial appo9tm5t4 ,dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s f #aghb to #ahjb 8 "t & tal5ts 7 incessantly employ$ 9 ! publication ( 8 v>i\s works1 antiqu>ian & critical4 ,8 fir/ notable critique 0 8 ,obs]vations on ,w>ton's ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,poetry1 9 ! %ape ( a lett] to ! au?or 7#aghb71 9 :i* 8 critical zeal seems to h be5 9 excess ( 8 lit]>y am5ity4 ,( o!r lit]>y productions may be enum]at$ 8 ,rem>ks on ! ,comm5tators ( ,%aksp]e2 ,a ,select ,collection ( ,engli% ,songs1 ) a ,hi/orical ,essay on ! ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,national ,songs 7#aghc72 ,anci5t ,songs f ! ,"t ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii4 to ! ,revolution 7#agij71 repr9t$ 9 #ahbi--p]haps ! mo/ valuable ( 8 ar*ological lab\rs2 ,! ,engli% ,an?ology 7#agic72 ,anci5t ,engli% ,metrical ,romances1 & ,bibliographia ,poetica1 a catalogue ( ,engli% poets f ! #ab? to ! #af? c5tury1 inclusive1 ) %ort notices ( _! works4 ,^! are only "s ( ! productions ( 8 indu/ry & g5ius4 ,we give ! orig9 ( 8 adhesion to ! ,humanit>ian ,cre$ z record$ by himself 9 "o ( ! *apt]s ( 8 ,essay1 9 :i*1 also1 he introduces ! "n ( an ard5t & well-kn[n humanit>ian re=m]3-- 8,mr4 ,ri*>d ,phillips1#bjf ! publi%] ( ?is compilation1 a vigor\s1 heal?y1 & well-look+ man1 has desi/$ f animal food = upw>ds ( tw5ty ye>s2 & ! compil] himself1 induc$ to s]i\s reflection by ! p]usal ( ,m&eville's ,fable ( ! ,bees1 9 ! ye> #aggb1 be+ ! #ai? ye> ( 8 age1 has ev] s9ce1 to ! revisal ( ^! %eets #ahjb1 firmly adh]$ to a milk & vegetable diet2 hav+1 at lea/1 nev] ta/$1 dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( ^? ?irty ye>s1 any fle%1 f[l1 or fi%1 or any?+1 to 8 k1 prep>$ 9 or ) ^? sub/ances or any extract f !m1 unless1 on "o occasion1 :5 tempt$ by wet1 cold1 & hung] 9 ! s\? ( ,scotl&1 he v5tur$ to eat a few potatoes dress$ "u roa/$ fle%1 no?+ less repugnant to 8 feel+s be+ obta9able2 or1 except by ignorance or imposition1 unless1 x may be1 9 eat+ eggs1 :i*1 h[ev]1 deprives no animal ( life1 al?\gh x may prev5t "s f com+ into ! _w to be murd]$ & dev\r$ by o!rs40#bjg ,ritson beg9s 8 ,essay ) a brief review ( ! op9ions ( "s ( ! old ,greek & ,italian philosoph]s ^u ! orig9 & con/itution ( ! _w1 & ) a sket* ( ! position ( man 9 ,nature relatively to o!r animals4 ,among/ o!rs he cites ,r\sseau's ,essay ,^u ,inequality ,among/ ,m54 ,he !n demon/rates ! unnaturalness ( fle%-eat+ by consid]ations d]iv$ f ,physiology & ,anatomy1 & f ! writ+s ( v>i\s au?orities2 ! fallacy ( ! prejudice t fle%-meats are necess>y or conducive to /r5g? ( body1 a fallacy manife/ z well f ! examples ( :ole nations liv+ entirely1 or almo/ entirely1 ^u non-fle% food1 z f ^? ( num]\s individuals ^: cases are detail$ at l5g?4 ,he quotes ,arbu?not1 ,sir ,hans ,sloane1 ,*eyne1 ,adam ,smi?1 ,volney1 ,paley1 & o!rs4 ,next he insi/s ^u ! f]ocity or co>s5ess ( m9d directly or indirectly eng5d]$ by ! diet ( blood3-- 8,t ! use ( animal food disposes man to cruel & f]oci\s actions is a fact to :i* ! exp]i5ce ( ages gives ample te/imony4 ,! ,scy?ians1 f dr9k+ ! blood ( _! cattle1 proce$$ to dr9k t ( _! enemies4 ,! fi]ce & cruel disposition ( ! wild ,arabs is suppos$ *iefly1 if n solely1 to arise f _! fe$+ ^u ! fle% ( camels3 & z ! g5tle disposition ( ! natives ( ,h9du/an is probably ow+1 9 great degree1 to temp]ance & ab/95ce f animal food1 s ! common use ( ?is diet1 ) o!r nations1 has1 9 ! op9ion ( ,m4 ,pags1 int5sifi$ ! natural tone ( _! passions2 & he c acc\nt1 he says1 ^u no o!r pr9ciple1 = ! /rong1 h>% features ( ! ,mussulm5 & ! ,*ri/ians comp>$ ) ! mild traits & placid aspect ( ! ,g5toos4 #8,vulg> & un9=m$ m51' x is obs]v$ by ,smellie1 #8:5 pamp]$ ) a v>iety ( animal food1 are mu* m *ol]ic1 fi]ce1 & cruel 9 _! temp]s1 ?an ^? :o live *iefly ^u vegetables4' ,?is affection is equally p]ceptible 9 o!r animals--#8,an (fic]1 9 ! ,russian s]vice1 _h a be> :om he f$ ) bread & oats1 b nev] gave him fle%4 ,a "y hog1 h[ev]1 happ5+ to /roll ne> 8 cell1 ! be> got hold ( him & pull$ him 92 &1 aft] he _h once drawn blood & ta/$ fle%1 he became unmanageable1 attack+ e p]son :o came ne> him1 s t ! own] 0 oblig$ to kill him4'--,memoirs ( ,p4 ,h4 ,bruce4 ,x 0 n1 says ,porphyry1 f ^? :o liv$ on vegetables t robb]s1 or murd]]s1 or tyrants h proce$$1 b f fle%-eat]s4#bjh ,prey be+ almo/ ! sole object ( qu>rel among/ c>nivor\s animals1 :ile ! frugivor\s live toge!r 9 con/ant peace & h>mony1 x is evid5t t if m5 7 ( ?is latt] k9d1 !y w\ld f9d x mu* m easy to subsi/ happily40 8,! b>b>\s & unfeel+ sports 7z !y are call$7 ( ! ,engli%--_! horse-rac+1 hunt+1 %oot+1 bull & be> bait+1 cock-fight+1#bji prize-fight+1 & ! l1 all proce$ f _! immod]ate addiction to animal food4 ,_! natural temp] is !reby corrupt$1 & !y are 9 ! habitual & h\rly commission ( crimes aga9/ nature1 ju/ice1 & humanity1 f :i* a feel+ & reflective m9d1 unaccu/om$ to su* a diet1 w\ld revolt1 b 9 :i* !y pr(ess to take delight4 ,! k+s ( ,engl& h f a remote p]iod1 be5 devot$ to hunt+2 9 :i* pursuit "o ( !m1 & ! son ( ano!r lo/ 8 life4 ,james ,i41 accord+ to ,scalig]1 0 m]ciful1 except at ! *ase1 :]e he 0 cruel1 & 0 v mu* enrag$ :5 he c\ld n cat* ! ,/ag4 #8,god1' he us$ to say1 #8is enrag$ aga9/ me1 s t ,i %all n h him4' ,:5ev] he _h caught 8 victim1 he w\ld put 8 arm all entire into 8 belly & entrails4 ,?is anecdote may be p>allel$ ) ! foll[+ ( "o ( 8 successors3 #8,! hunt on ,tuesday la/1 7,m>* #a/1 #aghd71 comm5c$ ne> ,sal?ill1 & af=d$ a *ase ( upw>ds ( fifty miles4 ,8 ,maje/y 0 pres5t at ! dea? ( ! /ag ne> ,tr+1 9 ,h]ts4 ,x is ! fir/ de] t has be5 ran to dea? = _m mon?s2 & :5 op5$1 ! he>t /r+s 7 f\nd to be q r5t1 z is suppos$1 ) ! =ce ( runn+4'#baj ,si/e1 v]o1 t&em c>nifex6 ,! slave trade1 t abom9able violation ( ! rights ( ,nature1 is mo/ probably ow+ to ! same cause1 z well z a v>iety ( viol5t acts1 bo? national & p]sonal1 :i* usually are attribut$ to o!r motives4 ,9 ! sessions ( ,p>liam5t1 #ahjb1 a majority ( ! memb]s vot$ = ! cont9uance ( bull-bait+1 & "s ( !m _h ! confid5ce to plead 9 fav\r ( x40#baa ,ritson en=ces 8 obs]vations ^u ?is head by cit+ ,plut>*1 ,c[p]1 & ,pope 79 ! ,gu>dian1 ,no4 #fa--;a mo/ =cible & eloqu5t prote/ aga9/ ! cruelties ( 8sport0 & ( gluttony74#bab ,9 8 fif? *apt] he traces ! orig9 ( human sacrifices to ! practice ( fle% eat+3-- 8,sup]/ition is ! "m ( ,ignorance & ,b>b>ity4 ,prie/s began by p]suad+ p ( ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 invisible be+s1 :om !y pret5d$ to be ! creators ( ! _w & ! disp5s]s ( good & evil2 & ( ^: wills1 9 f9e1 !y 7 ! sole int]pret]s4 ,h5ce arose ! necessity ( sacrifices o/5sibly to appease ! wra? or to procure ! fav\r ( imag9>y gods1 b 9 reality to gratify ! glutton\s & unnatural appetites ( real demons4 ,dome/ic animals 7 ! fir/ victims4 ,^! 7 imm$iately "u ! eye ( ! prie/1 & he 0 pleas$ ) _! ta/e4 ,?is satisfi$ = a "t2 b he _h eat5 ( ! same ?+s s repeat$ly1 t 8 luxuri\s appetite call$ = v>iety4 ,he _h dev\r$ ! %eep1 & he 0 n[ desir\s ( dev\r+ ! %eph]d4 ,! ang] ( ! gods--te/ifi$ by an opportune ?und]/orm1 0 n to be assuag$ b by a sacrifice ( uncommon magnitude4 ,! p tremble1 & (f] him _! enemies1 _! slaves1 _! p>5ts1 _! *ildr51 to obta9 a cle> sky on a summ]'s day1 or a bright moon by night4 ,:51 or ^u :at p>ticul> occasion1 ! fir/ human be+ 0 made a sacrifice is unkn[n1 nor is x ( any consequ5ce to enquire4 ,goats & bullocks _h be5 (f]$ up already1 & ! transition 0 easy f ! #8brute' to ! man4 ,! practice1 h[ev]1 is ( remote antiquity & univ]sal ext5t1 !re be+ sc>cely a c\ntry 9 ! _w 9 :i* x has n1 at "s "t or o!r1 prevail$40 ,he supports ?is probable !sis by ref]5ce to ,porphyry1 ! mo/ erudite ( ! lat] ,greeks1 :o repeats ! acc\nts ( e>li] writ]s ^u ?is matt]1 & by a comp>ison ( ! religi\s rites ( v>i\s nations1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,equally natural & easy 0 ! /ep f ! use ( non-human to t ( human bodies3-- 8,z human sacrifices 7 a natural effect ( t sup]/iti\s cruelty :i* fir/ produc$ ! slaught] ( o!r animals1 s is x equally natural t ^? accu/om$ to eat ! #8brute' %\ld n long ab/a9 f ! man4 ,m especially z1 :5 roa/$ or broil$ ^u ! alt>1 ! appe>ance1 sav\r1 & ta/e ( bo?1 w\ld be ne>ly1 if n entirely ! same4 ,b1 f :atev] cause x may be d$uc$1 no?+ c be m c]ta9 ?an t ! eat+ ( human fle% has be5 a practice 9 _m p>ts ( ! _w f a v remote p]iod1 & is s1 9 "s c\ntries1 at ?is day4 ,t x is a consequ5ce ( ! use ( o!r animal food !re c be no d\bt1 z x w\ld be impossible to f9d an in/ance ( x among p :o 7 accu/om$ solely to a vegetable diet4 ,! progress ( cruelty is rapid4 ,habit r5d]s x famili>1 & h5ce x is deem$ natural4 8,! man :o1 accu/om$ to live on roots & vegetables1 fir/ dev\r$ ! fle% ( ! smalle/ mammal1 committ$ a great] viol5ce to 8 own nature ?an ! mo/ beautiful & delicate woman1 accu/om$ to o!r animal fle%1 w\ld feel 9 %$d+ ! blood ( h] own species = su/5ance2 possess$ z !y are ( exquisite feel+s1 a consid]able degree ( intellig5ce1 & ev51 accord+ to h] own religi\s sy/em1 ( a liv+ s\l4 ,t ?is is a pr9ciple 9 ! social disposition ( mank9d1 is evid5t f ! delib]ate coolness ) :i* seam51 :5 _! ord9>y provisions are exhau/$1 sit d[n to dev\r su* ( _! comrades z *ance or contrivance r5d]s ! victim ( ! mom5t2 a fact ( :i* !re are b too _m1 & ^? too well-au!nticat$ in/ances4 ,su* a crime1 :i* no necessity c ju/ify1 w\ld nev] ent] ! m9d ( a />v+ ,g5too1 nor1 inde$1 ( anyone :o _h n be5 previ\sly accu/om$ to o!r animal fle%4 ,ev5 among ! ,b$\9s1 or w&]+ ,arabs ( ! des]t--accord+ to ! obs]vation ( ! enlight5$ ,volney--?\gh !y s (t5 exp]i5ce ! extremity ( hung]1 ! practice ( dev\r+ human fle% 0 nev] he>d (40 ,9 ! two foll[+ *apt]s ,ritson traces a l>ge proportion ( human diseases & suff]+1 physical & m5tal1 to indulg5ce 9 unnatural liv+4 ,he cites ,drs4 ,bu*an1 ,goldsmi?1 ,*eyne1 ,/ubbes 7,anatomy ( ,abuses1 #aehc71 & ,sp>rman ! well-kn[n pupil ( ,l9n 7,voyages74 ,9 8 n9? *apt]1 he gives a copi\s catalogue ( 8nations & ( individuals1 pa/ & contempor>y1 subsi/+ entirely ^u vegetable foods0--n ! lea/ int]e/+ "p ( 8 "w4 ,"s ( ! mo/ em95t ( ! old ,greek & ,lat9 philosoph]s & hi/orians are quot$1 z well z v>i\s mod]n travell]s1 su* z ,volney & ,sp>rman4 ,especially valuable are ! enquiries ( ,sir ,f4 ,m4 ,ed5 7,/ate ( ! ,poor71 :o1 9 a comp>ison ( ! diet>y ( ! poor1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ^! isl&s1 proves t fle% has1 or at all ev5ts _h1 sc>cely any %>e 9 x--a fact :i* is /ill true ( ! agricultural di/ricts1 manife/ n only by ! commone/ obs]vation1 b also by sci5tific & (ficial enquiries ( late ye>s4 ,( individual cases1 two ( ! mo/ int]e/+ are ^? ( ,john ,williamson ( ,m(fat1 ! discov]] ( ! fam\s *alybeate spr+1 :o liv$ almo/ to ! age ( "o hundr$ ye>s1 hav+ ab/a9$ f all fle%-food dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s ( 8 life1#bac & ( ,john ,oswald1 ! au?or ( ,! ,cry ( ,nature4 ,x is 9 ?is "p ( 8 "w t ,ritson n>rates ! hi/ory ( 8 own conv]sion & dietetic exp]i5ces1 & ( 8 well-kn[n publi%]1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,phillips4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,ni*olson4 #agfj-ahbe4 ,among ! lea/ kn[n1 b none ! less among ! mo/ e/imable1 ( ! advocates ( ! rights ( ! oppress$ species & ! h]alds ( ! dawn ( a bett] day1 ! humble ,york%ire pr9t]1 :o und]took ! unpopul> & unremun]ative "w ( publi%+ to ! _w ! sorr[s & suff]+s ( ! non-human races1 claims our high respect & admiration4 ,he has also ano!r title 7second only to 8 humanit>ian m]it7 to ! gratitude ( po/]ity z hav+ be5 ! orig9ator ( *eap lit]ature ( ! be/ class1 & ( ! mo/ in/ructive sort1 :i*1 alike by ! price & =m1 0 adapt$ = wide circulation4 ,george ,ni*olson 0 born at ,brad=d4 ,he e>ly set up a pr9t+ press1 & began ! publication ( 8 ,lit]>y ,miscellany1 8:i* is n1 z ! "n might lead "o to suppose1 a magaz9e1 b a s]ies ( *oice an?ologies1 v>i$ by "s ( ! gems ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,! size is a small #ahmo41 sc>cely too l>ge = ! wai/coat pocket4 ,! pr9t+ 0 a beautiful specim5 ( ! typographic art1 & = ! illu/rations he s\ght ! aid ( ! be/ arti/s4 ,he 0 "o ( ! patrons ( ,?omas ,bewick1 "s ( ^: *oice/ "w is to be f\nd 9 ! pamphlets issu$ by ,ni*olson4 ,he also issu$ #abe c>ds1 on :i* 7 pr9t$ fav\rite pieces1 aft]w>ds includ$ 9 ! ,lit]>y ,miscellany4 ,?is #8assemblage ( classical beauties = ! p>l\r1 ! closet1 ! c>riage1 or ! %ade1' became v popul>1 & ext5d$ to tw5ty volumes4 ,! plan ( issu+ !m 9 sep>ate numb]s enabl$ individuals to make _! own selection1 & !y are f\nd b\nd up 9 e possible v>iety4 ,complete sets are n[ r>e1 & highly priz$ by collectors40 ,( 8 _m useful publications may be enum]at$--,/5ography3 ,! ,m5tal ,fri5d & ,rational ,companion1 consi/+ ( ,maxims & ,reflections relat+ to ! ,conduct ( ,life4 #abmo4 ,! ,advocate & ,fri5d ( ,woman4 #abmo4 ,directions = ! ,improvem5t ( ! ,m9d4 #abmo4 ,juv5ile ,preceptor4 ,?ree vols41 #abmo4 ,! books :i* conc]n u n[ are--,on ! ,conduct ( ,man to ,inf]ior ,animals 7,man*e/]1 #agig3 ?is 0 adorn$ by a woodcut f ! h& ( ,bewick74 ,& 8 magnum opus1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ye> #ahja1 "u ! title ( ,! ,primeval ,diet ( ,man3 ,argum5ts 9 ,fav\r ( ,vegetable ,food2 ) ,rem>ks on ,man's ,conduct to o!r ,animals 7,p\ghnill1 ne> ,ludl[74 ,! value ( ,! ,primeval ,diet 0 enhanc$ by ! addition1 9 a lat] issue1 ( a tract ,on ,food 7#ahjc71 9 :i* are giv5 recipes = ! prep>ation ( 8"o hundr$ p]fectly palatable & nutriti\s sub/ances1 :i* may easily be procur$ at an exp5se mu* bel[ ! price ( ! limbs ( our fell[ animals4444 ,"s ( ! recipes1 on acc\nt ( _! simple =m1 w n be adopt$ ev5 by ^? 9 ! middle rank ( life4 ,yet !y may be valuable to _m ( scanty incomes1 :o desire to avoid ! evils ( want1 or to make a res]ve = ! pur*as+ ( books & o!r m5tal pleasures40 ,he also publi%$ a tract ,on ,clo?+1 :i* conta9s mu* s5sible & practical advice on an important subject4 ,ni*olson resid$ successively 9 ,man*e/]1 ,p\ghnill1 & ,/\rport1 & di$ at ! la/-nam$ place 9 ! ye> #ahbe4 8,he possess$10 says a writ] 9 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e 7xcv471 89 an em95t degree1 /r5g? ( intellect1 ) univ]sal b5evol5ce & undeviat+ uprightness ( conduct40 ,! le>n$ bibliograph]1 to :om we are indebt$ = ?is brief notice1 ?us sums up ! "* ( 8 lab\rs3 8,9 all 8 writ+s ! purity & b5evol5ce ( 8 int5tions are /rik+ly manife/4 ,ea* subject he took 9 h& 0 ?\ght out 9 an indep5d5t mann]1 & )\t ref]5ce to curr5t views or prejudices40#bad ,9 8 brief preface ! au?or ?us expresses 8 sad conviction ( ! probable futility ( 8 prote/s3-- 8,! difficulties ( remov+ deep-root$ prejudices1 & ! ineffici5cy ( reason & argum5t1 :5 oppos$ to habitual op9ions e/abli%$ on g5]al approbation1 are fully appreh5d$4 ,h5ce ! cause ( humanity1 h[ev] zeal\sly plead$1 w n be mat]ially promot$4 ,unflatt]$ by ! hope ( excit+ an impression on ! public m9d1 ! foll[+ compilation is d$icat$ to ! sympa?is+ & g5]\s ,few1 ^: op9ions h n be5 f\nd$ on implicit belief & common acceptation3 ^: habits are n fix$ by ! influ5ce ( false & p]nici\s maxims or corrupt examples3 :o are nei!r deaf to ! cries ( mis]y1 pitiless to suff]+ innoc5ce1 nor unmov$ at recitals ( viol5ce1 tyranny1 & murd]40 ,9 ! :ole lit]ature ( humanit>ianism1 no?+ c be m impressive = ! sympa?is+ read] ?an ?is putt+ on record by ^! nobl] spirits _! pr(\nd consci\sness ( ! moral torpor ( ! _w ar\nd !m1 & _! sad conviction ( ! prematur5ess ( _! attempt to reg5]ate x4 ,9 bo? 8 pr9cipal works1 he judici\sly *ooses1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! me?od ( compilation1 & ( pres5t+ 9 a concise & compreh5sive =m ! op9ions ( 8 humane pr$ecessors1 ( v>i\s m9ds & times1 r ?an ! pres5tation ( 8 own individual s5tim5ts4 ,he ju/ly believ$ t ! l>ge majority ( m5 are influ5c$ m by ! au?ority ( great names ?an by argum5ts address$ simply to _! consci5ce & reason4 ,he int]sp]ses1 h[ev]1 philosophic reflections ( 8 own1 :5ev] ! occasion = !m arises4 ,?us1 "u ! head ( 8,rem>ks on ,def5ces ( ,fle%-eat+10 he well disposes ( ! common excuses3-- 8,! reflect+ read] w n expect a =mal refutation ( common-place objections1 :i* mean no?+1 z1 #8,!re w\ld be m unhapp9ess & slaught] among animals did we n keep !m "u prop] regulations & gov]nm5t4 ,:]e w\ld !y f9d pa/ure did we n manure & enclose ! l& = !m8 c4' ,! foll[+ objection1 h[ev]1 may des]ve notice3--#8,animals mu/ die1 & is x n bett] = !m to live a %ort "t 9 pl5ty & ease1 ?an be expos$ to _! enemies1 & suff]$ 9 old age to drag on a mis]able life8' ,! lives ( animals 9 a /ate ( nature are v r>ely mis]able1 & x argues a b>b>\s & savage disposition to cut !m prematurely (f 9 ! mid/ ( an agreeable & happy exi/5ce2 especially :5 we reflect on ! motives :i* induce x4 ,in/ead ( a fri5dly conc]n = promot+ _! happ9ess1 y\r aim is ! gratification ( y\r own s5sual appetites4 ,h[ inconsi/5t is y\r conduct ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( pure morality & true goodness 7:i* "s ( y ridicul\sly pr(ess7--:atsoev] y w\ld t o!rs %\ld d to y1 d y ev5 s to !m4 ,no man w\ld will+ly become ! food ( o!r animals2 he ought n !re=e to prey on !m4 ,m5 :o consid] !mselves memb]s ( univ]sal nature1 & l9ks 9 ! great *a9 ( ,be+1 ought n to usurp p[] & tyranny ov] o!rs1 be+s naturally free & indep5d5t1 h[ev] su* be+s may be inf]ior 9 intellect or /r5g?4444 ,x is argu$ t #8man has a p]mission1 prov$ by ! practice ( mank9d1 to eat ! fle% ( o!r animals1 & consequ5tly to kill !m2 & z !re are _m animals :i* subsi/ :olly on ! bodies ( o!r animals1 ! practice is sanction$ among mank9d4' ,by reason ( ! at pres5t v l[ /ate ( morality ( ! human race1 !re are _m evils :i* x is ! duty & bus9ess ( enlight5$ ages to eradicate4 ,! v>i\s ref9em5ts ( civil society1 ! num]\s improvem5ts 9 ! arts & sci5ces1 & ! diff]5t re=mations 9 ! laws1 policy1 & gov]nm5t ( nations1 are pro(s ( ?is ass]tion4 ,t mank9d1 9 ! pres5t /age ( poli%$ life1 act 9 direct violation ( ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 m]cy1 t5d]ness1 sympa?y1 & humanity1 9 ! practice ( eat+ fle%1 is obvi\s4 ,to take away ! life ( any happy be+1 to commit acts ( depr$ation & outrage1 & to ab&on e ref9$ feel+ & s5sibility1 is to degrade ! human k9d b5ea? its pr(ess$ dignity ( "*2 b to dev\r or eat any animal is an additional violation ( ^? pr9ciples1 because x is ! extreme ( brutal f]ocity4 ,su* is ! conduct ( ! mo/ savage ( wild bea/s1 & ( ! mo/ uncultivat$ & b>b>\s ( our own species4 ,:]e is ! p]son :o1 ) calmness1 c he> himself comp>$ 9 disposition to a lion1 a hyna1 a tig] or a wolf8 ,& yet1 h[ exactly simil> is 8 disposition4 8,mank9d affect to revolt at murd]s1 at ! %$d+ ( blood1 & yet eag]ly1 & )\t remorse1 fe$ on ! corpse aft] x has und]gone ! cul9>y process4 ,:at m5tal bl9dness p]vades ! human race1 :5 !y d n p]ceive t e fea/ ( blood is a tacit enc\ragem5t & lic5ce to ! v crime _! pret5d$ delicacy abhors6 ,i say pret5d$ delicacy1 = t x is pret5d$ is mo/ evid5t4 ,! pr(ession ( s5sibility1 humanity1 c41 9 su* p]sons1 !re=e1 is egregi\s folly4 ,& yet !re are respectable p]sons among ev]yone's acqua9tance1 amiable 9 o!r dispositions1 & advocates ( :at is commonly t]m$ ! cause ( humanity1 :o are weak or prejudic$ en\gh to be satisfi$ ) su* argum5ts1 on :i* !y gr\nd apologies = _! practice6 ,education1 habit1 prejudice1 fa%ion1 & int]e/1 h bl9d$ ! eyes ( m51 & se>$ _! he>ts4 8,oppos]s ( compassion urge3 #8,if we %\ld live on vegetable food1 :at %all we d ) our cattle8 ,:at w\ld become ( !m8 ,!y w\ld gr[ s num]\s !y w\ld be prejudicial to u--!y w\ld eat u up if we did n kill & eat !m4' ,b !re is abundance ( animals 9 ! _w :om m5 d n kill & eat2 & yet we he> n ( _! injur+ mank9d1 & suffici5t room is f\nd = _! abode4 ,horses are n usually kill$ to be eat51 & yet we h n he>d ( any c\ntry ov]/ock$ ) !m4 ,! rav5 & r$brea/ are seldom kill$1 & yet !y d n become too num]\s4 ,if a decrease ( c[s1 %eep1 & o!rs 7 requir$1 mank9d w\ld readily f9d means ( r$uc+ !m4 ,cattle are at pres5t an article ( trade1 & _! numb]s are indu/ri\sly promot$4 ,if c[s are kept solely = ! sake ( milk1 & if _! "y %\ld become too num]\s1 let ! evil be nipp$ 9 ! bud4 ,sc>cely suff] ! innoc5t "y to feel ! pleasure ( brea?+4 ,let ! lea/ pa9 possible be inflict$2 let its body be deposit$ entire 9 ! gr\nd1 & let a sigh h v5t = ! calamit\s necessity t induc$ ! pa9ful act4444 ,self-pres]vation ju/ifies a man 9 putt+ noxi\s animals to dea?1 yet _c w>rant ! lea/ act ( cruelty to any be+4 ,by sudd5ly despat*+ "o :5 9 extreme mis]y1 we d a k9d (fice1 an (fice :i* reason approves1 & :i* accords ) our be/ & k9de/ feel+s1 b :i* 7su* is ! =ce ( cu/om7 we are d5i$ to %[1 ?\gh solicit$1 to our own species4 ,:5 !y c no long] enjoy happ9ess1 !y may p]haps be depriv$ ( life4 ,d n suppose t 9 ?is reason+ an int5tion is includ$ ( p]v]t+ nature4 ,no6 "s animals are savage & unfeel+2 b let n _! f]ocity & brutality be ! /&>d & patt]n ( ! conduct ( man4 ,because "s ( !m h no compassion1 feel+1 or reason1 are we to possess no compassion1 feel+1 or reason80 ,9 ano!r section ( 8 book ,ni*olson und]takes to expose ! inconsi/5cies ( fle%-eat]s1 & ! /range illogicalness ( ! position ( _m prote/ors aga9/ v>i\s =ms ( cruelty1 :o condone ! greate/ cruelty ( all--! 7necess>y7 savag]y ( ! but*]s3-- 8,! inconsi/5cies ( ! conduct & op9ions ( mank9d 9 g5]al are evid5t & notori\s2 b :5 +5i\s writ]s fall into ! same gl>+ errors1 our regret & surprise are ju/ly & /rongly excit$4 ,annex$ to ! impressive rem>ks by ,soame ,j5yns1 to be ins]t$ h]eaft]1 9 exam9+ ! conduct ( man to o!r animals1 we meet ) ! foll[+ passage3-- 8#8,god has be5 pleas$ to create numb]less animals int5d$ = our su/5ance1 & t !y are s int5d$1 ! agreeable flav\r ( _! fle% to our palates1 & ! :olesome nutrim5t :i* x adm9i/]s to our /oma*s1 are suffici5t pro(s2 ^!1 z !y are =m$ = our use1 propagat$ by our culture1 & f$ by our c>e1 we h c]ta9ly a "r to deprive ( life1 because x is giv5 & pres]v$ to !m on t condition4' 8,n[1 x has already be5 argu$ t ! bodies ( animals are n int5d$ = ! su/5ance ( man2 & ! decid$ op9ions ( sev]al em95t m$ical writ]s & o!rs suffici5tly disprove ass]tions 9 fav\r ( ! :olesom5ess ( ! fle% ( animals4 ,! agreeable ta/e ( food is n always a pro( ( its n\ri%+ or :olesome prop]ties4 ,?is tru? is too frequ5tly exp]i5c$ 9 mi/akes1 ignorantly or accid5tally made1 p>ticul>ly by *ildr51 9 eat+ ! fruit ( ! deadly night%ade1 ! ta/e ( :i* resembles black currants1 & is extremely invit+ by ! beauty ( its col\r & %ape4#bae 8,t we h a "r to make attacks on ! exi/5ce ( any be+ because we h assi/$ & f$ su* be+1 is an ass]tion oppos$ to e e/abli%$ pr9ciple ( ju/ice & morality4 ,a #8condition' _c be made )\t ! mutual cons5t ( p>ties1 &1 !re=e1 :at ?is writ] t]ms #8a condition1' is no?+ less ?an an unju/1 arbitr>y1 & deceitful imposition4 #8,su* is ! deadly & /upify+ influ5ce ( habit or cu/om1' says ,mr4 ,lawr5ce1 #8( s poison\s & brutalis+ a quality is prejudice1 t m51 p]haps no way incl9$ by nature to acts ( b>b>ity1 may yet live ins5sible ( ! con/ant commission ( ! mo/ flagrant de$s4' 444 ,a cook-maid w weep at a tale ( woe1 :ile %e is sk9n+ a liv+ eel2 & ! devotee w mock ! ,deity by ask+ a bless+ on food suppli$ by murd]\s outrages aga9/ nature & religion6 ,ev5 wom5 ( education1 :o readily weep :ile read+ an affect+ moral tale1 w cle> away clott$ blood1 /ill w>m ) dep>t$ life1 cut ! fle%1 disjo9t ! bones1 & te> out ! inte/9es ( an animal1 )\t s5sibility1 )\t sympa?y1 )\t fe>1 )\t remorse4 ,:at is m common ?an to he> ?is s(t] sex talk (1 & assi/ 91 ! cook]y ( a de]1 a h>e1 a lamb or a calf 7^? ackn[l$g$ emblems ( innoc5ce7 ) p]fect composure8 ,?us ! female "*1 by nature s(t1 delicate1 & susceptible ( t5d] impressions1 is debas$ & sunk4 ,x w be ma9ta9$ t 9 o!r respects !y /ill possess ! *>act]i/ics ( _! sex1 & are humane & sympa?is+4 ,! inconsi/5cy !n is ! m gl>+4 ,to be virtu\s 9 "s in/ances does n con/itute ! moral "*1 b to be uni=mly s40 ,we c all[ ourselves space only = "o or two fur!r quotations f ?is excell5t writ]4 ,! rem>ks ^u ! common usage ( language1 by :i* x is va9ly ?\ght to conceal ! true nature ( ! di%es s]v$ up ^u ! tables ( ! ri*1 are p>ticul>ly notewor?y1 because ! inaccurate expression condemn$ is almo/ univ]sal1 & t ev51 f =ce ( habit1 among/ re=m$ dieti/s !mselves3-- 8,!re is a natural horror at ! %$d+ ( blood1 & "s h an av]sion to ! practice ( dev\r+ ! c>case ( an innoc5t suff]]1 :i* bad habits improp] education1 & silly prejudices h n ov]come4 ,?is is prov$ by _! affect$ & absurd ref9em5t ( call+ ! dead bodies ( animals meat4 ,if ! mean+ ( words is to be reg>d$1 ?is is a gross mi/ake2 = ! ^w meat is a univ]sal t]m1 apply+ equally to all nutritive & palatable sub/ances4 ,if x be int5d$ to express t all o!r k9ds ( food are comp>atively n meat1 ! int5tion is ridicul\s4 ,! tru? is t ! prop] expression1 fle%1 conveys ideas ( murd] & dea?4 ,nei!r c x easily be =gott5 t1 9 gr9d+ ! body ( a fell[ animal1 sub/ances :i* con/itute human bodies are ma/icat$4 ,?is reflection comes some:at home1 & is recurr$ to by eat]s ( fle% 9 spite ( !mselves1 b recurr$ to unwill+ly4 ,!y attempt1 !re=e1 to p]v]t language 9 ord] to r5d] x agreeable to ! e>1 z !y disguise animal fle% by cook]y 9 ord] to r5d] x pleas+ to ! ta/e40 ,8 reflections ^u ! ess5tial inju/ice 7to use no /rong] t]m7 ( delegat+ ! "w ( but*]+ to a p>ticul> class ( m5 7to :i* frequ5t ref]5ce has already be5 made 9 ^! pages7 are equally admirable3-- 8,among but*]s1 & ^? :o qualify ! diff]5t p>ts ( an animal into food1 x w\ld be easy to select p]sons mu* fur!r remov$ f ^? virtues :i* %\ld result f reason1 consci\sness1 sympa?y1 & animal s5sations1 ?an any savages on ! face ( ! e>?6 ,9 ord] to avoid all ! g5]\s & spontane\s sympa?ies ( compassion1 ! (fice ( %$d+ blood is committ$ to ! h&s ( a set ( m5 :o h be5 educat$ 9 inhumanity1 & ^: s5sibility has be5 blunt$ & de/roy$ by e>ly habits ( b>b>ity4 ,?us m5 increase mis]y 9 ord] to avoid ! sight ( x1 & because !y _c endure be+ obvi\sly cruel !mselves1 or commit actions :i* /rike pa9fully on _! s5ses1 !y commission ^? to commit !m :o are =m$ to delight 9 cruelty1 & to :om mis]y1 torture1 & %$d+ ( blood is an amusem5t6 ,!y appe> n once to reflect t :atev] we d by ano!r we d ourselves40 8,:5 a l>ge & g5tle ,ox1 aft] hav+ resi/$ a t5 times great] =ce ( bl[s ?an w\ld h kill$ 8 murd]]s1 falls /unn$ at la/1 & 8 arm$ head is fa/5$ to ! gr\nd ) cords2 z soon z ! wide w\nd is made1 & ! jugul> ve9s are cut asund]1 :at mortal c1 )\t horror & compassion1 he> ! pa9ful bell[+s1 int]cept$ by 8 fl[ ( blood1 ! bitt] sighs t speak ! %>pness ( 8 angui%1 & ! deep-s\nd+ groans ) l\d anxiety1 fet*$ f ! bottom ( 8 /rong & palpitat+ he>t4 ,look on ! trembl+ & viol5t convulsions ( 8 limbs2 see1 :il/ 8 reek+ gore /reams f him1 8 eyes become dim & languid1 & behold 8 /ruggl+s1 gasps1 & la/ ef=ts = life4 8,:5 a be+ has giv5 su* conv9c+ & und5iable pro(s ( t]ror & ( pa9 & agony1 is !re a disciple ( ,desc>tes s inur$ to blood1 z n to refute1 by 8 commis]ation1 ! philosophy ( t va9 reason]80#baf ,9 8 previ\s essay1 ,on ! ,conduct ( ,m5 to ,inf]ior ,animals1 ,ni*olson has collect$ f v>i\s writ]s1 bo? humane & inhumane1 a fe>ful catalogue ( atrocities ( diff]5t k9ds p]petrat$ ^u 8 helpless dep5dants by ! be+ :o delights to boa/ himself 7at lea/ 9 civilis$ c\ntries7 to be made 89 ! image & lik5ess ( ,god40 ,among ^! ! helli% tortures ( ! vivisectioni/s & 8pa?ologi/s0 hold1 p]haps1 ! bad pre-em95ce1 b ! cruel tortures ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se come v ne> to !m 9 wanton atrocity4 ,,xxxvii4 ,,ab]ne?y4 #agfc-ahca4 ,di/+ui%$ z a practical surgeon & z a physiologi/1 ,ab]ne?y has e>n$ 8 la/+ reputation z hav+ be5 "o ( ! fir/ to attack ! old prejudice ( ! pr(ession z to ! orig9 ( diseases1 & z hav+ s\ght = su* orig91 n 9 m]e local & accid5tal b1 9 g5]al causes--9 ! con/itution & habits ( ! body4 ,a pupil ( ,john ,hunt]1 9 #aghf he became assi/ant surgeon at ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,hospital1 & %ortly aft]w>ds he lectur$ on anatomy & surg]y at t in/itution1 :i* to 8 ability & g5ius owes ! fame :i* x acquir$ z a s*ool ( surg]y4 ,z a lectur] he _h a reputation & popul>ity seldom or p]haps nev] be=e s well e>n$ 9 ! m$ical s*ools--f\nd$1 z !y 71 ^u a r>e p5etration & logical me?od1 unit$ ) cle>ness & p]spicuity 9 communicat+ 8 convictions4 ,9 hone/y1 integrity1 & 9 ! dome/ic virtues 8 "* 0 unimpea*able1 b ! g5tl5ess ( deportm5t = :i* he 0 not$ 9 8 home he 0 f> f exhibit+ 9 public & t[>ds 8 pati5ts4 ,8 r\ghness & ev5 co>s5ess ( mann] 9 deal+ ) caprici\s valetud9>ians1 inde$1 became notori\s4 ,! ,con/itutional ,orig9 & ,treatm5t ( ,local ,diseases--8 pr9cipal "w--9 comp>ison ) ! va/ mass ( m$ical lit]ature up to t "t put =?1 /&s out 9 fav\rable relief4 ,9 x two great pr9ciples are laid d[n--t 8local diseases are symptoms ( a disord]$ con/itution1 n prim>y & indep5d5t maladies1 & t !y are to be cur$ by rem$ies calculat$ to make a salut>y impression on ! g5]al frame1 n by local treatm5t1 nor by any m]e manipulations ( surg]y40 ,?is s+le pr9ciple *ang$ ! aspect ( ! entire field ( surg]y1 & elevat$ x f a manual art into ! rank ( a sci5ce4 ,& to ?is fir/ pr9ciple he add$ a second1 ! range ( :i* is1 p]haps1 less ext5sive1 b ! practical importance ( :i* is sc>cely inf]ior to t ( ! fir/--namely1 t 8?is disord]$ /ate ( ! con/itution ei!r orig9ates f1 or is rigor\sly alli$ )1 d]angem5t ( ! /oma* & b[els1 & t x c only be rea*$ by rem$ies :i* fir/ ex]cise a curative influ5ce ^u ^! organs40 ,x w n detract f ! m]it ( ,ab]ne?y to add to ?is acc\nt t 8 pr$ecessor1 ,dr4 ,*eyne1 & 8 contempor>y1 ,dr4 ,lambe1 h mo/ satisfactorily & radically c>ri$ out into practice ^! j pr9ciples2 or to rem>k t great public reputations ought n to be all[$1 z too (t5 is ! fact1 to ov]:elm less kn[n b n !re=e less m]itori\s lab\rs4 ,z to dietetics1 ! !ory ( ,ab]ne?y seems to h be5 bett] ?an 8 practice4 ,:5 reproa*$ ) ! inconsi/5cy t ! re=m$ diet :i* he s =cibly comm5d$ to o!rs he himself fail$ to foll[1 he is relat$ to h us$ ! well-kn[n simile ( ! sign-po/ ) 8 usual read9ess ( rep>tee4 ,x 0 :ile ,dr4 ,lambe 0 at ! ,ald]sgate ,/reet ,disp5s>y t ,ab]ne?y =m$ ! acqua9tance ( t uno/5tati\s b true re=m]--an acqua9tance :i* 0 de/9$ to h no unimportant influ5ce ^u ! m$ical !ories ( ! great surgeon4 ,ab]ne?y 0 at t "t writ+ 8 ,obs]vations on ,tum\rs1 & he _h intru/$ to 8 fri5d "o ( 8 canc] pati5ts to be treat$ by ! non-fle% & di/ill$ wat] regim54 ,he c>efully wat*$ ! effects1 & he has ?us giv5 u ! results ( 8 obs]vations3-- 8,!re c be no subject :i* ,i ?9k m likely to int]e/ ! m9d ( a surgeon ?an t ( an endeav\r to am5d & alt] ! /ate ( a canc]\s con/itution4 ,! be/ tim$ & be/ conduct$ op]ation br+s ) x no?+ b disgrace if ! diseas$ prop5sities ( ! con/itution are active & p[]ful4 ,x is aft] an op]ation t1 9 my op9ion1 we are mo/ p>ticul>ly conc]n$ to regulate ! con/itution1 le/ ! disease %\ld be reviv$ or r5ew$ by its di/urbance4 ,9 addition to t att5tion1 to tranquillise & invigorate ! n]v\s sy/em1 & keep ! dige/ive organs 9 z heal?y a /ate z possible 7:i* ,i h recomm5d$ 9 my fir/ volume71 ,i believe g5]al exp]i5ce sanctions ! recomm5dation ( a m vegetable because less /imulat+ diet1 ) ! addition ( s mu* milk1 bro?1 & eggs1 z seems necess>y to prev5t any decl5sion ( ! pati5t's /r5g?4 8,v rec5tly ,dr4 ,lambe has propos$ a me?od ( treat+ canc]\s diseases1 :i* is :olly dietetic4 ,he recomm5ds ! adoption ( a /rict vegetable regim51 to avoid ! use ( f]m5t$ liquors1 & to sub/itute wat] purifi$ by di/illation 9 ! place ( common wat] z a bev]age1 & 9 all p>ts ( diet 9 :i* common wat] is us$1 z tea1 s\ps1 c4 ,! gr\nds ^u :i* he f\nds 8 op9ion ( ! propriety ( ?is advice1 & ! prospects ( b5efit :i* x holds out1 may be se5 9 8 ,reports on ,canc]1 to :i* ,i ref] my read]s4 8,my own exp]i5ce on ! effects ( ?is regim5 is ( c\rse v limit$4 ,nor does x au?orise me to speak decid$ly on ! subject4 ,b ,i ?9k x "r to obs]ve t1 9 "o case ( canc]\s ulc]ation 9 :i* x 0 us$1 ! symptoms ( ! disease 71 9 my op9ion1 r5d]$ m mild1 ! erysipelat\s inflammation surr\nd+ ! ulc] 0 remov$1 & ! life ( ! pati5t 01 9 my judgm5t1 consid]ably prolong$4 ,! m m9ute details ( ! facts con/itute ! six? case ( ,dr4 ,lambe's ,reports4 ,x seems to me v prop] & desirable t ! p[]s ( ! regim5 recomm5d$ by ,dr4 ,lambe %\ld be fairly tri$1 = ! foll[+ reasons3-- 8,because ,i "k "s p]sons :o1 :il/ conf9$ to su* diet1 h enjoy$ v good heal?2 & fur!r1 ,i h kn[n sev]al p]sons1 :o did try ! effects ( su* a regim51 decl>e t x 0 productive ( consid]able b5efit4 ,!y 7 n1 inde$1 afflict$ ) canc]1 b !y 7 induc$ to adopt a *ange ( diet to allay a /ate ( n]v\s irritation & correct disord] ( ! dige/ive organs1 ^u :i* m$ic9e _h b little influ5ce4 8,because x appe>s c]ta91 9 g5]al1 t ! body c be p]fectly n\ri%$ by vegetables4 8,because all great *anges ( ! con/itution are m likely to be effect$ by alt]ations ( diet & modes ( life ?an by m$ic9e4 8,because x holds out a s\rce ( hope & consolation to ! pati5t 9 a disease 9 :i* m$ic9e is kn[n to be unavail+1 & 9 :i* surg]y af=ds no m ?an a tempor>y relief40#bag 8,! above op9ion ( ,mr4 ,ab]ne?y10 rem>ks an exp]i5c$ au?ority ^u ! subject1 8is mo/ valuable1 = he wat*$ ! case = ?ree & a half ye>s "u ,dr4 ,lambe's regim51 :i* is directly oppos$ to ! sy/em ( diet :i* he _h advocat$1 be=e he met ,dr4 ,lambe1 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8 "w on ,con/itutional ,diseases1 & f 8 r\gh hone/y !re is no d\bt t _h ,dr4 ,ab]ne?y liv$ to publi% a second edition he w\ld h correct$ 8 mi/ake40 ,z x is1 ! c&\r by :i* s di/+ui%$ an au?ority 0 impell$ to alt] or modify op9ions already put =? to ! _w1 claims our respect z mu* z ! too g5]al want ( x des]ves c5sure4 ,,xxxviii4 ,,lambe4 #agfe-ahdg4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ! hygei/ic & sci5tific promot]s ( ! re=m$ regim51 ,dr4 ,lambe1 occupies an em95t position 9 ! m$ical lit]ature ( veget>ianism1 & he divides ) 8 pr$ecessor1 ,dr4 ,*eyne1 ! hon\r ( be+ ! f\nd] ( sci5tific dietetics 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,8 family _h be5 settl$ "s two hundr$ ye>s 9 ! c\nty ( ,h]e=d1 9 :i* !y possess$ an e/ate t desc5d$ to ,dr4 ,william ,lambe1 & is n[ held by 8 gr&son4 ,he e>ly gave promise ( 8 future m5tal em95ce4 ,head boy ( ! ,h]e=d ,gramm> ,s*ool1 he proce$$1 9 due c\rse1 to ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,9 #aghf1 be+ !n 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ ye> ( 8 age1 he graduat$ z f\r? wrangl] ( 8 ye>4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 he soon 0 elect$ a ,fell[ ( 8 college1 :]e he cont9u$ to reside until 8 m>riage 9 #agid4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ( le>n$ leisure he devot$ 8 "t to ! /udy ( m$ic9e1 & ! ,,ms4 notes 9 ! possession ( 8 biograph]1 ,mr4 ,h>e1 8prove ! dilig5ce ) :i* he /udi$ 8 pr(ession1 & !re we see ! orig9 ( 8 enl>g$ views ( ! causes ( disease1 s mu* insi/$ on by ^! fa!rs ( m$ic9e1 & s mu* neglect$ by mod]n physicians 9 _! se>* = *emical rem$ies40 ,aft] 8 m>riage he w5t to reside & practise 9 ,w>wick1 :]e he 0 ! intimate fri5d ( ,p>r1 ! well-kn[n ,greek critic1 & ( ,walt] ,savage ,l&or1 :o writes ( him z 8v communicative & good hum\r$4 ,i _h en\gh talk ) ,lambe to assure myself t he is no ord9>y man40 ,x 0 to ! discov]ies ( ,dr4 ,lambe1 & to 8 publications report+ ! curative value ( its m9]al wat]s1 t ,leam+ton ow$ its fame & popul>ity2 & ,dr4 ,jeff]son1 9 8 address to ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,association a few ye>s ago1 ?us eulogises him3-- 8,x 0 n until ! end ( ! la/ c5tury t any really sci5tific rese>* ev] 0 record$ on ?is subject impure wat]4 ,ab\t ?is p]iod ,dr4 ,lambe 0 engag$ 9 practice 9 ,w>wick4 ,some:at ecc5tric 9 "s ( 8 practical views1 ,dr4 ,lambe 0 n ! less a sci5tific man1 an intellig5t obs]v] ( nature1 & an accompli%$ physician1 & 01 moreov]1 "o ( ! mo/ elegant m$ical writ]s ( 8 day4 ,! spr+s ( ! neighb\r+ village ( ,leam+ton did n escape 8 obs]vation1 &1 hav+ c>efully /udi$ & analys$ ! wat]s1 he publi%$ an acc\nt ( !m1 9 #agig1 9 ! fif? volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]1 a society embrac+ ! respect$ names ( ,prie/ley1 ,dalton1 ,watt1 & o!rs1 & n inf]ior1 p]haps1 to any contempor>y association 9 ,europe40 ,l _m o!r sec$]s f or?odox dietetics bo? be=e & aft] him1 ,dr4 ,lambe f\nd himself impell$ to exp]im5t 9 ! non-fle% diet by ill-heal?4 ,8 bodily disord]s1 inde$1 7 s complicat$ & ( su* a nature1 z to excite a/oni%m5t t n only he greatly mitigat$ _! viol5ce1 b t also he surviv$ to an advanc$ age4 ,9 an exce$+ly m9ute & consci5ti\s n>rative ( 8 own case 9 8 ,additional ,reports 7writ+ 9 ! ?ird p]son71 he in=ms u1 t hav+ dur+ sev]al ye>s--f 8 eighte5? ye>--suff]$ greatly & ) con/antly aggravat$ symptoms3-- 8,he resolv$1 !re=e1 f9ally to execute :at he _h be5 contemplat+ = "s "t--to ab&on animal food altoge!r1 & ev]y?+ analog\s to x1 & to conf9e himself :olly to vegetable food4 ,?is det]m9ation he put 9 execution ! second week ( ,febru>y1 #ahjf1 & he has adh]$ to x ) p]fect regul>ity to ! pres5t "t4 ,8 only subject ( rep5tance ) reg>d to x has be5 t x _h n be5 adopt$ mu* e>li] 9 life4 ,he nev] f\nd ! smalle/ real ill-consequ5ce f ?is *ange4 ,he sank nei!r 9 /r5g?1 fle%1 nor 9 spirits4 ,he 0 at all times ( a v ?9 & sl5d] habit1 & s he has cont9u$ to be1 b ^u ! :ole he has r ga9$ ?an lo/ fle%4 ,he has exp]i5c$ nei!r indige/ion nor flatul5ce ev5 f ! sort ( vegetables :i* are commonly ?\ght to produce flatul5ce1 nor has ! /oma* suff]$ f any vegetable matt]1 ?\gh un*ang$ by cul9>y art or uncorrect$ by condim5ts4 ,! only unpleasant consequ5ce ( ! *ange 0 a s5se ( empt9ess ( /oma*1 :i* cont9u$ _m mon?s4 ,9 ab\t a ye>1 h[ev]1 he became fully reconcil$ to ! new habit1 & felt z well satisfi$ ) 8 vegetable meal z he _h be5 =m]ly ) 8 d9n] ( fle%4 ,he c truly say t s9ce he has act$ ^u ?is resolution no ye> has pass$ 9 :i* he has n enjoy$ bett] heal? ?an 9 t :i* prec$$ x4 ,b he has f\nd t ! *anges introduc$ into ! body by a vegetable regim5 take place ) extreme sl[ness2 t x is 9 va9 to expect any consid]able am5dm5t 9 successive weeks or 9 successive mon?s4 ,we are to look r to ! int]vals ( half-ye>s or ye>s40 ,) extreme c&\r z well z c>efulness1 ?is pati5t & philosophic exp]im5tali/ details e p>ticul> circum/ance ( 8 own diagnosis4 ,aft] a m9ute report ( ! v>i\s symptoms ( 8 maladies & 8 gradual subjugation ( !m1 he d$uces ! only j inf]5ce3-- 8,grant+ ?is repres5tation ( facts to be correct1 & ! nature ( ?is case to1 be truly det]m9$1 ,i mu/ be p]mitt$ to ask1 ,:at o!r me?od ?an t :i* has be5 adopt$ w\ld h produc$ ! same b5efit8 ,if su* me?ods exi/1 ,i confess my ignorance ( !m4444 ,b ?\gh ^! pa9s 9 ! head /ill recur 9 a trifl+ degree1 ! relief giv5 to ! bra9 9 g5]al has be5 decid$ & mo/ ess5tial4 ,x has appe>$ 9 an increas$ s5sibility ( all ! organs1 p>ticul>ly ( ! s5ses--! t\*1 ! ta/e1 & ! sight1 9 great] muscul> activity1 9 great] fre$om & /r5g? ( respiration1 great] fre$om ( all ! secretions1 & 9 increas$ intellectual p[]4 ,x has be5 ext5d$ to ! night z mu* z to ! day4 ,! sleep is m tranquil1 less di/urb$ by dreams1 & m refre%+4 ,less sleep1 ^u ! :ole1 appe>s to be requir$2 b ! loss ( quantity is m ?an comp5sat$ by its be+ s\nd & un9t]rupt$4444 8,! hypo*ondriacal symptoms cont9u$ to be occasionally v oppressive dur+ ! second ye>1 p>ticul>ly dur+ ! e>li] "p ( x1 b !y aft]w>ds v s5sibly decl9$1 & at pres5t he enjoys m uni=m & regul> spirits ?an he _h done = _m ye>s ^u ! mix$ diet4 ,f ! :ole ( ^! facts x foll[s t all ! organs1 & inde$ e fibre ( ! body1 are simultane\sly affect$ by ! matt]s habitually convey$ into ! /oma*1 & t x is ! incongruity ( ^! matt]s to ! sy/em1 :i* gradually =ms t morbid dia!sis1 :i* exi/s alike bo? 9 app>5t heal? & 9 disease4 ,i might illu/rate ?is fact /ill m m9utely by obs]vations on ! tee?1 on ! hair1 & on ! sk94 ,i might %[ t by a /eady att5tion to regim51 ! sk9 ( ! palm ( ! h& becomes ( a firm] & /rong] texture1 t ev5 an excresc5ce :i* _h = tw5ty ye>s & upw>ds be5 gr[+ m fix$1 firm1 & deep1 _h1 fir/1 its habitudes alt]$1 &1 f9ally1 0 s(t5$ & disappe>$4 ,b1 p]haps1 en\gh has be5 said already to give a pretty cle> idea bo? ( ! k9d ( *ange introduc$ into ! habit by diet1 & ( ! ext5t to :i* x may be c>ri$4 ,i proce$1 !re=e1 to relate "s new ph5om5a :i* took place dur+ ! c\rse ( ?is regim51 :i* are bo? curi\s 9 !mselves & lead to important conclusions40 ,! au?or !n goes on to record fur!r gradual dim9ution ( pa9ful symptoms4 ,f long & c>eful obs]vation ( himself1 among/ o!r important d$uctions1 ,dr4 ,lambe inf]s t3-- 8,we may conclude t x is ! prop]ty ( ?is regim51 &1 9 p>ticul>1 ( ! vegetable diet1 to transf] diseas$ action f ! visc]a to ! ext]ior p>ts ( ! body--f ! c5tral p>ts ( ! sy/em to ! p]iph]y4 ,vegetable diet has (t5 be5 *>g$ ) caus+ cutane\s diseases2 9 common language1 !y are1 9 ^! cases1 said to proce$ f poorness ( blood4#bah ,9 "s degree ! *>ge is probably j1 & ! obs]vation ,i h already made may give u "s insight into ! causes ( x4 ,b ?is *>ge1 in/ead ( be+ a j cause ( reproa*1 is a pro( ( ! sup]ior salubrity ( vegetable diet4 ,cutane\s eruptions appe>1 because disease is translat$ f ! int]nal organs to ! sk940 ,= all bra9 disease ab&onm5t ( ! gross & /imulat+ fle%-meats is %[n to be ( ! fir/ importance4 ,at ! same "t1 t x involves any loss ( actual bodily /r5g? is a fallacy3-- 8,we see1 !n1 h[ ill-f\nd$ is ! notion t inaction & loss ( p[] are induc$ by a vegetable diet4 ,9 fact1 all ! obs]vations t h be5 made h %ewn ! v rev]se to be ! tru?4 ,symptoms ( pl5itude & oppression h cont9u$ 9 consid]able =ce = at lea/ five ye>s2 & ! consequ5ce ( ?is peculi> regim5 has be5 an increase ( /r5g? & p[]1 & n a dim9ution4 ,9 ! subject ( ?is case ! pulse1 :i* may be deem$1 p]haps1 ! be/ idea ( ! condition ( all ! o!r functions1 is at pres5t mu* m /rong & full ?an "u ! use ( animal food4 ,x is also p]fectly calm & regul>40 ,8 p]sonal exp]i5ce ( satisfaction d]ivable f vegetables & fruits z af=d+1 = ! mo/ "p1 suffici5t liquids 9 !mselves1 )\t use ( extrane\s dr9ks1 is ( importance3-- 8,he _h1 :5 liv+ on ! common diet1 be5 habitually ?ir/y1 &1 l mo/ p]sons incl9$ to /udi\s & s$5t>y habits1 0 mu* atta*$ to tea-dr9k+4 ,b = ! la/ two or ?ree ye>s he has almo/ :olly rel9qui%$ ! use ( liquids1 & by ! sub/itution ( fruit & rec5t vegetables he has f\nd t ! s5sation ( ?ir/ has be5 9 a mann] aboli%$4 ,ev5 tea has lo/ its *>ms1 & he v r>ely uses x4 ,he is !re=e c]ta91 f 8 own exp]i5ce1 t ! habit ( employ+ liquids is an artificial habit1 & n necess>y to any ( ! functions ( ! animal economy40 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! !ory ( ! possibility ( entire ab/95ce f all extrane\s liquids1 !re is n ! lea/ d\bt t a judici\s use ( vegetable foods r$uces to a m9imum ! feel+ ( ?ir/ & crav+ = artificial dr9ks1 an exp]i5ce1 we imag9e1 almo/ univ]sal ) ab/95ts f fle%-di%es4 ,dr4 ,lambe concludes ! fir/ "p ( 8 valuable diagnosis ) ! assurance1 8t if ^? = ^: s]vice ^! lab\rs are pr9cipally design$1 ,i mean p]sons suff]+ "u habitual & *ronic illness1 are able to g along ) me 9 my argum5t to =m a g5]al correct notion ( :at !y are to expect f a re=m$ regim51 &1 above all1 to arm _! m9ds ) firmness1 pati5ce1 & p]sev]ance1 ,i %all n readily be induc$ to ?9k t ,i h writt5 "o sup]flu\s l9e40#bai ,9 #ahje1 at ! age ( =ty1 we f9d him e/abli%$ 9 practice 9 ,london4 ,five ye>s lat] he 0 physician to ! ,g5]al ,disp5s>y1 ,ald]sgate ,/reet4 ,he 0 also elect$ ,fell[ & ,c5sor ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 ^: meet+s he regul>ly att5d$4 ,8 peculi> op9ions did n t5d to secure popul>ity = him1 & ! adhesion ( su* m5 z ,dr4 ,ab]ne?y1 ,dr4 ,pitcairn1 ,"l ,ersk9e1 & ( ,mr4 ,bro!rton1 ,m4,p4 7"o ( ! e>lie/ memb]s ( ! ,veget>ian ,society71 s]v$ only to make ! indiff]5ce ( ! mass ( ! community m conspicu\s4 ,n ! lea/ int]e/+ fact 9 8 life is 8 %>e 9 ! conv]sion ( ,%elley1 & 8 fri5d%ip ) ,j4 ,f4 ,newton & 8 int]e/+ family1 at ^: h\se ^! e>li] pione]s ( ! ,new ,re=mation 7 accu/om$ to meet1 & celebrate _! *>m+ runions ) veget>ian fea/s4 ,a c>d9al "p ( ! dietetic sy/em ( ,dr4 ,lambe 0 8 insi/ance ^u ! use ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,9 8 ,reports on ,regim5 he writes ( ! ,newton family3 8,i am well acqua9t$ ) a family ( "y *ildr5 :o h sc>cely ev] t\*$ animal food1 & :o n[ = ?ree ye>s h drunk only di/ill$ wat]4 ,= cle>ness & beauty ( complexion1 muscul> /r5g?1 fulness ( habit free f grossness1 h>d9ess1 heal?9ess1 & rip5ess ( intellect ^! *ildr5 are unp>allel$40#bbj ,we h already m5tion$ ,"l ,ersk9e z "o ( ! _m em95t fri5ds ( ,dr4 ,lambe4 ,t m humane & di/+ui%$ lawy]1 9 a lett] to 8 fri5d ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( ! ,reports1 writes z foll[s3 8,i am ( op9ion t bo? ?is "w & ! o!r ref]r$ to 9 x are des]v+ ( ! highe/ consid]ation4 ,i read !m bo? ) m int]e/ & att5tion f ! abuse ( ! ,briti% ,critic "o ( ! p]iodicals ( ! day m5tion$ 9 ! preface1 z no p]iodical criticism ev] publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry is s uni=mly unju/1 ignorant1 & impud5t40 ,dr4 ,ab]ne?y's te/imony to ! efficacy ( ab/95ce 9 cases ( canc] w be f\nd 9 ! notice ( t em95t practition]4 ,among/ ! mo/ int]e/+ correspond5ce ( 8 lat] ye>s is 8 int]*ange ( ideas ) ,sylve/] ,graham--! fir/ ( ! ,am]ican prophets ( ! re=m$ regim54 ,! lett] to ! celebrat$ ,am]ican veget>ian is1 z ,dr4 ,lambe's late/ biograph] ju/ly obs]ves1 8a mo/ valuable relic1 because x cont9ues ! result ( ,dr4 ,lambe's diet up to ,septemb]1 #ahcg--tw5ty-?ree ye>s aft] ! la/ notice ( 8 heal? 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 own case1 :i* he publi%$ 9 ,novemb]1 #ahad4 ,x is1 besides1 an admirable pro( ( 8 tru?ful & philosophic m9d1 :i* 0 sl[ to arrive at conclusions1 & will+ r to exagg]ate ?an o!rwise ! traces ( disease :i* he /ill felt40 ,he proves1 also1 9 ?is lett]1 h[ sl[ & yet sure are ! effects ( diet1 & x supplies an answ] to ^? objectors :o compla9 t !y h tri$ ! diet 7p]haps = a few weeks only7 )\t any good result4 ,aft] complim5t+ 8 transatlantic fell[-work] 9 ! cause ( tru? ^u 8 zeal & indu/ry1 ,dr4 ,lambe proce$s3-- 8,my book1 entitl$ ,additional ,reports on ,regim51 has n[ be5 be=e ! _w ?ree & tw5ty ye>s4 ,t x has attract$ little notice1 & /ill less popul> fav\r--?\gh x may h excit$ 9 ! writ] "s mortification--has n occasion$ mu* surprise4 ,! doctr9e x seeks to e/abli% is 9 direct opposition to popul> & deep-root$ prejudice4 ,x is ?\ght 7mo/ errone\sly7 to attack ! be/ enjoym5ts & mo/ solid com=ts ( life2 &1 moreov]1 x has excit$ ! bitt] ho/ility ( a num]\s & influ5tial body 9 society--,i mean t body ( m$ical practition]s :o ex]cise _! pr(ession = ! sake ( its pr(its m]ely1 & :o appe> to ?9k t disease 0 made = ! pr(ession & n ! pr(ession = disease4 8,to drop1 h[ev]1 all idle compla9ts ( public neglect1 let u g to ! m useful inquiry :e!r or n ! pr9ciples prop\nd$ 9 ^! ,reports h be5 confirm$ by subsequ5t & m ext5sive exp]i5ce4 ,to ?is inquiry ,i answ] directly & fe>lessly1 t 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! pres5t "t & ! ye> #ahae 7! date ( t publication7 ! practice recomm5d$ has succe$$ 9 cases v num]\s & ( extreme v>iety1 & ,i c promise ! practition] :o w try x fairly & judge ) c&\r t he w exp]i5ce no disappo9tm5t4 ,i say1 let him try x fairly4 ,i d n ass]t t x w succe$ 9 cases :]e ! p[]s ( life are sunk1 9 confirm$ hectic fev]1 9 ulc]at$ canc]1 9 e/abli%$ *ronic disease1 or 9 ! decrepitude ( old age4 ,i may h attempt$ ! relief ( su* cases 9 an e>ly /age ( my exp]im5ts1 b exp]i5ce spe$ily demon/rat$ ! hopelessness ( su* attempts4 ,b let subjects be tak5 n f> advanc$ 9 life1 let !m be tabid *ildr5 7= example7 ) tumid abdom51 swell$ jo9ts1 & deprav$ appetites1 or ) ob/9ate cutane\s diseases1 ery!ma1 scabus1 rickets1 epileptic convulsions 7n gr[n habitual by long cont9uance74 ,b a practition] 9 mod]ate practice w f9d no difficulty 9 select+ prop] subjects1 if he is himself actuat$ by a reg>d to humanity unit$ to pr9ciples ( hon\r4 8,moreov]1 let n ! pati5t1 p>ticul>ly if arriv$ at mature age1 expect to receive a p]fect cure4 ,9 _m cases ! consequ5ces are r prev5tive ?an curative4 ,?is ,i hold to be no objection4 ,x is en\gh1 surely1 if a disease :i*1 f its nature1 might be expect$ to be cont9ually on ! increase1 is obvi\sly *eck$ 9 its progress1 if ! symptoms become m & m mild1 & if a human be+ is pres]v$ 9 com=table exi/5ce :o w\ld o!rwise h be5 consign$ to ! grave40 ,he devot$ 8 great m$ical k & exp]i5ce p>ticul>ly to ! cure or mitigation ( canc]4 ,9 ! lett]1 f :i* we h already quot$1 he in=ms 8 correspond5t ( ?is int]e/+ fact3-- 8,my mo/ ard5t wi% 0 to attempt ! relief ( cases ( canc]4 ,?is object ,i h /eadily pursu$ 7f ! ye> #ahjc7 to ! pres5t day4 ,! case--! p>ticul>s ( :i* ,i briefly m5tion$ to y 9 my =m] communication--has hi!rto succe$$ s p]fectly t ,i %\ld myself suspect an error 9 ! diagnosis1 if x 7 n = ! /rongly-m>k$ con/itutional symptoms1 :i* are su* z1 9 my m9d1 put x out ( d\bt4 ,!re does n n[ rema9 :at ,i expect$1 & :at ,i h call$ a nucleus1 = ! resolution is complete4 ,n[1 ?is is contr>y to mo/ ( my =m] obs]vations1 & w\ld furni%1 z ,i h said1 "s gr\nd ( suspicion4 ,b /ill x is n :olly unsupport$ by corroborative facts4 ,i h obs]v$1 p>ticul>ly 9 "o case1 t ! :ole extreme edge ( a s*irr\s tum\r has be5 re/or$1 :il/ ! portion has rema9$ un*ang$2 n1 inde$1 spe$ily z 9 ! =m] case1 b aft] hav+ us$ ! diet = a v consid]able "t4 ,n[1 if a portion ( a true s*irr\s tum\r c be resolv$1 !re c be no reason :y a resolution ( ! :ole--tak5 v e>ly & "u fav\rable circum/ances--%all be deem$ impossible4 ,! tru? is1 t at pres5t we are n advanc$ en\gh to =m g5]al conclusions1 b ought to cont5t ourselves ) accumulat+ facts = ! use ( our successors40 ,if ! exp]i5ce ( ! b5efits ( a reasonable liv+ 9 ! cases ( 8 pati5ts 0 ?us satisfactory1 he himself af=d$1 9 8 own p]son1 p]haps ! be/ te/imony to its revivify+ & invigorat+ qualities4 ,"o ( 8 visitors gives 8 impressions ( ! n[ fam\s doctor 7a title1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ( real mean+7 z foll[3 8,agreeably to y\r reque/1 ,i submit to y\r p]usal a %ort acc\nt ( ! fri5dly int]view ,i _h ) ,dr4 ,lambe 9 ,london4 ,i fir/ call$ on him 9 ,febru>y4 ,i f\nd him to be v g5tlemanly 9 mann]s & v5]able 9 appe>ance4 ,he is r tall] ?an ! middle height4 ,8 hair is p]fectly :ite1 = he is n[ sev5ty-two ye>s ( age4 ,he told me he _h be5 on ! vegetable diet ?irty-"o ye>s1 & t 8 heal? 0 bett] n[ ?an at =ty1 :5 he comm5c$ 8 pres5t sy/em ( liv+4 ,he consid]s himself z likely to live ?irty ye>s long] z to h liv$ to 8 pres5t age4444 ,al?\gh he is sev5ty-two ye>s ( age he walks into t[n1 a di/ance ( ?ree miles f 8 resid5ce1 e morn+1 & back at night4 ,dr4 ,lambe1 ,i am told1 has sp5t l>ge sums ( money 9 mak+ exp]im5ts & publi%+ _! results to ! _w40 ,9 8 e>li] life he _h be5 conspicu\sly ?9 & att5uat$4 ,9 lat] ye>s he seems to h acquir$ ev5 a c]ta9 am\nt ( robu/ness1 & he is describ$ z be+ active & /rong at an advanc$ age4 ,"s in/ances ( extraord9>y en]gy & endurance h be5 put on record by 8 family2 & 8 feats ( p$e/rianism1 :5 he 0 v]g+ on 8 eightie? ye>1 are1 we imag9e1 r>ely to be p>allel$4 ,8 hope ( atta9+ ! age ( "o hundr$ ye>s1 unhappily1 0 n to be fulfill$4 8,our bodies10 8 biograph] ju/ly rem>ks1 8are b ma*9es adapt$ to p]=m a def9ite am\nt ( "w1 & ,dr4 ,lambe's orig9ally weak con/itution _h be5 sev]ely tri$ by sickness & wrong diet dur+ ! fir/ =ty ye>s ( 8 life4 ,at ! age ( eighty 8 /r5g? began to fail1 b 8 gr&son writes1 #8up to a v %ort "t be=e 8 dea? !re 7 no outw>d signs ( ill-heal?1 only ! m>ks ( old age4'0#bba ,exi/5ce _h its enjoym5t = him up to almo/ ! la/ days1 & 8 intellectual p[]s rema9$ to ! end4 ,he calmly expir$ 9 8 eighty-?ird ye>4 ,( contempor>y & po/hum\s eulogies ( 8 p]sonal1 z well z sci5tific1 wor?1 ! foll[+ may suffice3 8,a man ( le>n+1 a man ( sci5ce1 a man ( g5ius1 a man ( di/+ui%$ integrity & hon\r40 ,su* is ! te/imony ( 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,p>r1 z quot$ by ,samuel ,johnson4 ,9 ! ,anniv]s>y ,h>veian ,oration be=e ! ,college ( ,physicians1 by ,dr4 ,francis ,hawk9s1 9 ! ye> #ahdh1 ! repres5tative ( ! ,faculty ?us recalls 8 memory3 8,nor c ,i pass ov] 9 sil5ce ! loss we h su/a9$ 9 ,dr4 ,william ,lambe--an excell5t *emi/1 a le>n$ man1 & a skilful physician4 ,8 mann]s 7 simple1 unres]v$1 & mo/ mode/4 ,8 life 0 pure4 ,f>ewell1 !re=e1 g5tle _s1 ?an :om no "o m pure & innoc5t has pass$ away60 ,,xxxix4 ,,newton4 #aggj-ahbe4 ,john ,frank ,newton1 ! fri5d & associate ( ,dr4 ,lambe1 ,%elley1 & ! little b& :o met at ! h\se ( ! =m] to %>e 8 veget>ian repa/s1 appe>s to h be5 "o ( ! e>lie/ conv]ts ( ,dr4 ,lambe1 to :om he d$icat$ 8 ,return to ,nature1 9 gratitude = ! recov]y ( 8 heal? ?r\gh ! adoption ( ! re=m$ regim54 ,he publi%$ 8 little "w1 z he in=ms u 9 8 preface1 to imp>t to o!rs ! b5efits :i* he himself _h exp]i5c$2 & especially to make kn[n to ! heads ( h\seholds ! fact t 8 :ole family ( himself1 wife1 & f\r *ildr5 "u n9e ye>s ( age1 ) _! nurse1 _h be5 liv+1 at ! date ( 8 publication1 = two ye>s ^u a non-fle% diet1 dur+ :i* "t ! apo!c>y's bill1 he tells u1 _h am\nt$ to ! sum ( sixp5ce2 & t *>ge _h be5 incurr$ by himself4 ,! ev]-memorable meet+s ( ! re=m]s at ! h\se ( ,newton1 :]e ,%elley 0 a con/ant gue/1 h be5 ?us record$ by "o ( ! biograph]s ( ! great poet3--8,%elley 0 intimate ) ! ,newton family1 & 0 conv]t$ by !m 9 #ahac1 & he began !n a /rict vegetable diet4 ,8 intimate association ) ! amiable & accompli%$ vot>ies ( a ,return to ,nature 0 p]haps ! mo/ pleas+ portion ( 8 poetical1 philosophical1 & lovely life4444 ,= "s ye>s ,i 0 9 ! ?ick ( x2 = ,i liv$ mu* ) a select & mo/ e/imable society ( p]sons 7! ,newtons71 :o _h #8return$ to ,nature1' & ,i he>d mu* discussion on ! topic ( vegetable diet4 ,c]ta9ly _! vegetable d9n]s 7 delightful1 elegant1 & excell5t repa/s2 fle%1 f[l1 fi%1 & #8game' nev] appe>$--nor eggs nor butt] bodily1 b ! two latt] 7 admitt$ into cook]y1 b z sp>+ly z possible1 & "u prote/1 z n approv$ ( & soon to be disp5s$ )4 ,we _h s\ps 9 great v>iety1 t seem$ ! m delicate f ! abs5ce ( fle%-meat4 8,!re 7 vegetables ( e k9d1 pla9ly /ew$ or sci5tifically disguis$4 ,pudd+s1 t>ts1 confections & sweets ab\nd$4 ,*eese 0 exclud$4 ,milk & cream might n be tak5 unres]v$ly1 b !y 7 all[$ 9 pudd+s1 & sp>+ly 9 tea4 ,fruits ( e k9d 7 welcom$4 ,we luxuriat$ 9 tea & c(fee1 & s\ght v>iety occasionally 9 cocoa & *ocolate4 ,bread & butt]1 & butt]$ toa/ 7 es*ew$2 b bread1 cakes1 & pla9 se$-cakes 7 lib]ally divid$ among ! fai?ful40#bbb ,! cause ( ! publication ( 8 book ,newton ?us /ates3-- 8,hav+ = _m ye>s be5 an habitual invalid1 & hav+ at l5g? f\nd t relief f regim5 :i* ,i _h long & va9ly hop$ = f drugs1 ,i am anxi\s1 f sympa?y ) ^? afflict$1 to imp>t to o!rs ! k ( ! b5efit ,i h exp]i5c$1 & to dispel1 z f> z 9 me lies1 ! prejudices "u :i* ,i conceive mank9d to lab\r on po9ts s ne>ly connect$ ) _! heal? & happ9ess4 8,! p>ticul>s ( my case ,i h already relat$ at ! conclud+ pages ( ,dr4 ,lambe's ,reports on ,canc]4 ,to ! acc\nt !re giv5 ,i h little to add1 b t1 by cont9u+ to conf9e myself to ! regim5 advis$ 9 t "w1 ,i cont9ue to exp]i5ce ! same b5efit2 t ! w9t] :i* has j elaps$ has be5 pass$ mu* m com=tably ?an t :i* prec$$ x1 & t1 if my habitual disord] is n completely eradicat$1 x is s mu* subdu$ z to give b little inconv5i5ce2 t ,i h suff]$ b a s+le day's conf9em5t = sev]al mon?s2 &1 ^u ! :ole1 t ,i enjoy an exi/5ce :i* _m might envy :o consid] !mselves to be 9 full possession ( ! bless+s ( heal?4 8,all t ,i h to regret 9 my pres5t und]tak+ is ! imp]fect way 9 :i* x is execut$4 ,! adepts 9 m$ic9e h ga9$ _! k orig9ally f ! exp]i5ce ( ! sick4 ,i h tak5 my own s5sations = my guide1 & am myself alone responsible = ! conclusions :i* ,i h drawn f !m1 ! manuscript ( ?is volume hav+ be5 nei!r correct$ nor look$ ov] by any individual4 ,:ile ,i make no pret5sions to m$ical sci5ce1 ,i _c cons5t to be reason$ or ridicul$ out ( my feel+s2 nor to believe t to be an illusion1 ! tru? ( :i* has be5 confirm$ to me by long-cont9u$ & repeat$ obs]vation40 ,! use ( di/ill$ wat] 0 a c>d9al article 9 ! diet>y cre$ ( 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,lambe1 & ^u ?is po9t ,newton p>ticul>ly insi/s4 ,he appeals ) mu* f]v\r1 z we h j /at$1 to p>5ts to h rec\rse to ! natural means ( prev5tion & cure1 9 place ( va9ly try+ e available artificial me?od by m$ic9e & drugs4 ,he in/ances1 ) m9ute p>ticul>ity1 ! regim5 ( 8 *ildr51 :om he ass]ts to h be51 up to ! mom5t ( 8 writ+1 p]fectly free f any sort ( malady or disord]1 & to be-- 8,s rem>kably heal?y t sev]al m$ical m5 :o h se5 & exam9$ !m ) a scrut9iz+ eye1 all agre$ 9 ! obs]vation t !y knew n[h]e a :ole family :i* equals !m 9 robu/ness4 ,%\ld ! success ( ?is exp]im5t1 n[ ( ?ree ye>s' /&+1 proce$ z x has begun1 !re is little d\bt1 he v5tures to flatt] himself t x mu/ at l5g? h "s influ5ce ) ! public1 & t e p>5t :o f9ds ! illness ( 8 family bo? afflict+ & exp5sive1 w say to himself #8,:y %\ld ,i any long] be imprud5t or fooli% en\gh to h my *ildr5 sick8' ,all hail to ! resolution :i* t s5tim5t implies6 ,b until x becomes g5]al1 ,i feel x necess>y to exhort1 9 ! w>me/ language ,i c ?9k (1 ^? :o h ! "y 9 _! *>ge to in/itute an exp]im5t :i* ,i h made be=e !m ) ! complete/ success4 ,to ^? p>5ts especially d ,i address myself :o1 aw>e t temp]ance 9 enjoym5t is ! be/ w>rant ( its duration1 feel h[ dang]\s & h[ empty are all ! fev]\s amusem5ts ( our assemblies1 our d9n]s1 & our !atres1 comp>$ ) ! g5u9e & tranquil pleasures ( a happy circle at home40 ,he pres5ts an allur+ picture ( ! heal?-produc+ results = ! "y ( ! natural regim54 ,he promises t 8,!y w become n only m robu/ b m beautiful2 t _! c>riage w be erect1 _! /ep firm2 t _! developm5t at a critical p]iod ( y\?1 ! prematurity ( :i* has be5 consid]$ an evil1 w be ret>d$2 t1 above all1 ! dang] ( be+ depriv$ ( !m w 9 e way dim9i%2 :ile by ^! light repa/s _! hil>ity w be augm5t$1 & _! intellects cle>$ 9 a degree :i* %all a/oni%+ly illu/rate ! delightful effects ( ?is regim54444 ,i w beg "h to attempt an answ] 9 ?is place to t trite & speci\s objection to ,dr4 ,lambe's op9ions t #8:at is suitable to "o con/itution may be n s to ano!r4' ,if !re be a s+le p]son exi/+1 ^: heal? w\ld n be improv$ by ! vegetable diet & di/ill$ wat]1 !n ! :ole sy/em falls at once to ! gr\nd4 ,! "q is simply1 :e!r fruits & o!r vegetables be n ! natural su/5ance ( man1 :o w\ld h occasion = no o!r dr9k ?an ^! af=d1 & ^: ?ir/ is at pres5t excit$ by an unnatural fle% diet1 :i* causes 8 disord]s bodily & m5tally4444 ,ano!r objection sometimes urg$ is ?is3 #8,if *ildr51 br\ght up on a vegetable regim51 %\ld at a future p]iod ( _! lives adopt a fle% diet1 !y w c]ta9ly suff] m f ! *ange ?an !y o!rwise w\ld h done4' ,! v contr>y ( ?is1 ,i conceive1 w\ld happ54 ,! /oma* is s =tifi$ by ! g5]al increase ( heal?1 t a p]son ?us n\ri%$ is enabl$ to be> :at "o ^: hum\rs are less impair$ w\ld s9k "u4 ,! *ildr5 ( our family c ea* ( !m eat a doz5 or eighte5 walnuts = supp] )\t ! mo/ trifl+ indige/ion1 an exp]im5t :i* ^? :o fe$ _! *ildr5 9 ! usual mann] w\ld consid] x adv5tur\s to attempt4 ,s also ! ,iri% port]s 9 ,london be> ^! alt]ations ( diet successfully1 & owe mu* ( _! actual vig\r to ! vegetable food ( _! =efa!rs1 & to _! own1 be=e !y emigrat$ f ,irel&1 :]e1 9 all probability1 !y did n ta/e fle% half-a doz5 times 9 ! ye>40 ,z to ano!r well-kn[n pretext1 t ! prop5sity to fle%-eat+1 & ! reli% ) :i* x is evid5tly enjoy$ by ! majority ( fle% eat]s1 is pro( ( its fitness1 ,newton ju/ly objects ! v>i\s unnatural & disgu/+ foods ( _m savage peoples :i* are eat5 ) equal reli%1 s t 8! argum5t ( ! agreeable flav\r proves no?+1 ,i appreh5d1 by prov+ too mu*40 ,he exhorts ! m$ical faculty g5]ally1 & ^? memb]s ( x :o are 9 *>ge ( hospitals1 infirm>ies1 or workh\ses1 to try ! effect ( ! pure regim5 on ! suff]]s & pati5ts--9 p>ticul>1 9 ! cases ( ! victims ( canc]4 ,among/ o!rs ( 8 p]sonal acqua9tance :o _h d]iv$ ! greate/ b5efit f ! regim51 he in/ances ,dr4 ,adam ,f]guson1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,roman ,republic1 :o liv$ /rictly on a vegetable diet4 ,he 0 9 ! habit ( accompany+ ,mr4 ,newton1 9 ! ye> #agid1 9 rides ?r\gh ! environs ( ,rome4 ,he 0 /ill liv+ 9 #ahaa1 & he di$1 9 fact1 at ! age ( n9ety1 hold+ a pr(essor%ip 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,,xl4 ,,gle,z,s4 #aggc-ahdc4 ,( all ! enlight5$ & humane spirits to :i* ! philosophic eighte5? c5tury gave bir?1 & :o 7 quick5$ into activity by ! great movem5t :i* orig9at$ 9 ,france 9 its la/ qu>t]1 n "o1 assur$ly1 0 actuat$ by a pur] & m exalt$ feel+ ?an ,jean ,anto9e ,glezs--! mo/ en?usia/ic1 p]haps1 ( all ! apo/les ( humanity & ( ref9em5t4 ,he 0 born at ,d\rgne1 9 ! 7pres5t7 dep>tm5t ( ! ,t>n4 ,8 fa!r 0 advocate to ! old prov9cial p>liam5t4 ,8 "m's "n 0 ,anna ,francos4 ,aft] att5d+ prelim9>y s*ools1 he appli$ himself to ! /udy ( m$ic9e--urg$1 says 8 biograph]1 m by love ( 8 species ?an by pr$ilection = ! pr(ession4 ,8 int5se horror ( ! vivisectional exp]im5ts 9 ! physiological torture-d5s soon compell$ him to ab&on 8 int5d$ c>e]3 ! exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 ga9$ dur+ 8 brief m$ical c\rse he 0 able to utilize m ?an once 9 8 aft] life = ! b5efit ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,! e>li] p]iod ( ! ,revolution _h be5 hail$ by him1 /ill v "y z he !n 01 z ! hopeful beg9n+ ( a new era2 :5 its direction1 unhappily1 fell into ! h&s ( fanatical lead]s1 :o1 foll[+ too mu* ! examples ( ! old rgimes1 ?\ght1 by :olesale executions1 to cle> ! way = ! e/abli%m5t ( a univ]sal republic & ( la/+ peace4 ,! y\?ful en?usia/1 ^: :ole s\l revolt$ f ! v idea ( blood%$ & ( suff]+1 )drew despair+ into solitude1 & devot$ himself to sci5tific & lit]>y /udies1 & to calm contemplation ( ,nature4 ,9 #agid1 at ! age ( #ba1 ,glezs m>ri$ ,aglae de ,baumelle1 daught] ( a writ] ( "s repute4 ,at ?is "t he seems to h ent]ta9$ ! hope ( in/ruct+ 8 c\ntrym51 by engag+ 9 public tea*+2 b1 disappo9t$ 9 a s*eme = ! inauguration ( a c\rse ( hi/orical lectures 9 ! c5tral s*ool ( 8 dep>tm5t1 he retir$ altoge!r f ! active bus9ess ( ! _w1 & settl$ d[n 9 a happy & peaceful home1 9 a small *teau belong+ to 8 wife1 at ! foot ( ! ,pyr5ees ne> ,mezires4 ,x 0 "h1 amid/ ! magnific5t solitudes ( ,nature1 t 9 #agih1 9 8 tw5ty fif? ye>1 he det]m9$ ^u ab&on+ = ev] ! diet ( blood & slaught]4 ,until ! mom5t ( 8 dea?1 =ty-five ye>s lat]1 8 diet consi/$ solely ( milk1 fruits1 & vegetables4 ,s great 0 8 scrupul\sness1 t !re might be no possibility or mi/ake ,glezs prep>$ 8 own food2 & he always ate alone 78 wife be+ unable or unwill+ to foll[ 8 l(ti] aims71 s9ce he c\ld n endure ei!r ! smell or ! sight ( ! ord9>y di%es4 ,& ?is int5se av]sion x 01 inde$1 t compell$ him to =ego 9 great measure 8 int]c\rse ) ! _w1 or1 at all ev5ts1 to %un ! ord9>y celebrations ( social 8fe/ivity40 ,full ( en?usia/ic belief t ! transp>5t tru? & sublimity ( 8 cre$ c\ld n fail to comm5d !mselves to ! bett] spirits ( ! age among/ 8 c\ntrym51 ,glezs address$ himself to "s ( ! m ?\ghtful ( 8 contempor>ies2 among/ o!rs to ,lam>t9e1 ,lam5nais1 & ,*ateubri&4 ,lam>t9e--! au?or ( ! ,fall ( an ,angel1 9 :i* he gives expression to 8 akreophagi/ic sympa?ies--respond$1 if n ) ! en?usiasm t might ju/ly h be5 expect$ f ! au?or ( t poem1 at lea/ 9 a fri5dly _s4 ,! o!rs kept sil5ce4 ,?is indiff]5tism ( ^? :o %\ld h be5 ! fir/ to l5d ! support ( _! names naturally affect$ him2 & made mu* m s5sible ! intellectual & moral isolation ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,he 0 n left q alone1 h[ev]4 ,!re 7 f\nd ?ree or f\r m9ds ( a l(ti] rea* :o _h ! c\rage ( _! convictions1 & foll[$ !m out to _! logical conclusion4 ,^! 7 ,anquetil 7! au?or ( ,re*]*es sur les ,indes71 ,*>les ,nodi]1 ,girod de ,*antrans1 & ,cabant\s1 dean ( ! ,faculty ( ,lett]s at ,t\l\se4 ,8 bro!r1 ,colonel ,glezs1 a memb] ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ( ! same univ]sity1 also decl>$ = ! re=mation4 ,x is sup]fl\s to say t ^! conv]ts 7 all m5 ( sup]ior moral calibre to _! contempor>ies1 h[ev] high !y might be exalt$ by popul> e/imates ( wor?4 ,deeply s5sible z he 0 ( ! pr(\nd selfi%ness & indiff]5tism ( ! _w surr\nd+ him ^u ! subject :i* to him _h all ! int]e/ & importance ( a new religion1 he yet con/antly display$ ! b5evol5ce ( 8 disposition1 & ! b5efic5ce ( 8 morality1 9 8 ef=ts = ! good ( all ) :om he came 9 contact1 & p>ticul>ly 9 respect to 8 dome/ics & 8 t5ants1 among/ :om 8 memory 0 long held 9 rev]5ce4 8,8 exalt$ nature10 /ates 8 bro!r1 8gl[$ ) en?usiasm = ev]y?+ true & good40 ,8 8life-sorr[0 seems to h be5 ! want ( sympa?y on ! "p ( 8 wife1 to :om1 nev]!less1 he prov$ an indulg5t husb&4 ,8 fir/ book1 ,les ,mlancolies d'un ,solitaire1 appe>$ 9 ! ye> #agid1 9 #ahjj 8 ,nuits ,elysi5nes1 & f\r ye>s lat] 8 ,agre/es2 all m or less advocat+ ! tru?4 ,a long int]val elaps$ be=e he aga9 essay$ an appeal to ! _w4 ,8 ,*ri/ianisme ,expliqu3 ou l',unit de ,croyance p\r t\s les ,*rti5s 7,*ri/ianity ,expla9$3 or1 ,unity ( ,belief = all ,*ri/ians7 0 publi%$ 9 #ahcj4 ,sev5 ye>s lat] x appe>$ "u ! title ( 8,*ri/ianity ,expla9$3 or1 ! ,true ,_s ( t ,religion ,mis9t]pret$ up to ! ,pres5t ,day40 ,9 ?is "w1 says 8 e/imable editor & translator ,h]r ,spr+]1 8he s\ght to prove1 f ! /&+-po9t ( a prote/ant *ri/ian1 t ,*ri/'s mission _h = its end ! abolition ( ! murd] ( animals 7,?i]mord71 & t ! :ole significance ( 8 tea*+ lay 9 ! words spok5 at ! in/itution ( ! #8,supp]1' t is to say1 ! sub/itution ( bread in/ead ( fle%1 & w9e in/ead ( blood40 ,?is und]tak+1 x is ne$less to rem>k1 admirable z 0 its motive1 c\ld h>dly1 f ! nature ( ! case1 be successful4 ,8 la/ "w 0 8 ,?alysie3 ou ,la ,n\velle ,exi/5ce1 ! fir/ "p ( :i* 0 publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #ahdj1 ! second 9 #ahdb4 ,he surviv$ ?is 8 f9al appeal to ! _w on behalf ( ! new re=mation b a few mon?s4 ,he _h rea*$ ! prov]bial limit ( human exi/5ce2 b t 8 life 0 %ort5$ by disappo9tm5t & ! bitt] we>9ess ( hope def]r$1 8by t sorr[ :i* p]petually gnaws at ! he>t ( ! unrecognis$ re=m]0 7z 8 biograph] well expresses x71 we h too mu* reason to believe4 ,! ,?alysie--8 magnum opus--excit$1 x appe>s1 little int]e/1 or ev5 notice1 ^u its fir/ appe>ance4 ,x f\nd "o sympa?is+ critic 9 ,m4 ,cabant\s1 to :om ref]5ce has be5 already made1 :o deliv]$ a c\rse ( lectures ^u x f 8 pr(essorial *air4 ,a few ye>s lat] a ,p>isian advocate1 ,m4 ,blot-,lequne1 wrote a treatise 9 t]ms ( /rong recomm5dation ( its pr9ciples2 & ,eugne ,/\rm1 editor ( ,! ,phalanx1 also eloqu5tly advocat$ its claims ^u ! public notice4 ,at l5g? x 0 criticis$ 9 ! ,rvue des ,deux ,mondes by ,alphonse ,esquiros1 kn[n to ,engli% read]s by 8 contributions to t ,review on ,engli% life & mann]s4 ,we are h>dly surpris$ t ! criticism 0 conceiv$ 9 ! usual sup]cili\s & prejudic$ _s4 ,no attempt appe>s to h be5 made to re-publi% ! ,new ,exi/5ce until ,h]r ,spr+] und]took ! task = 8 c\ntrym54 ,8 ,g]man v]sion1 ) an int]e/+ notice ( ! life & lab\rs ( ,glezs1 0 publi%$ at ,b]l9 9 #ahgb4 ,criticis+ a flippant article 9 ,! ,food ,j\rnal 9 ! same ye>1 ,h]r ,spr+] eloqu5tly rebukes ! easy & arrogant tone--s successful 9 appeal+ to popul> prejudices--& obs]ves3 8,glezs at la/ publi%$ 8 em95t "w1 :i*1 z ,weilhas] says1 he has writt5 ) ! blood ( 8 own he>t4 ,if x be ecc5tric1 z ,mr4 ,j]rold ass]ts1 x has only ! ecc5tricity ( a gospel ( humanity4 ,glezs 0 s ecc5tric z to write ! foll[+ l9es1 :i* 7 f\nd among/ 8 po/hum\s pap]s3 #8,god1 pure ,s\rce ( ,light1 9 ord] to obey ?y comm&s ,i wrote ?is book4 ,be graci\s to protect & to support my ef=ts2 = ! humble creature :i* raises its voice f its gra9 ( s& may1 p]haps1 be spee*less to-morr[1 & deep sil5ce reign 9 ! des]t4' ,yes2 ,mr4 ,j]rold is "r3 t !ory 0 to its au?or a religion4 ,9 ! ,?alysie we are in/ruct$ 9 ! highe/ que/ions conc]n+ ! heal? & happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,surpass+ all naturali/s & philosoph]s1 he expla9$ to u ! great my/]y ( ,nature--t robb]y & murd] 9 its full mean+ arose only by corruption1 & by ali5ation f ! orig9al laws ( creation1 & t man1 in/ead ( fav\r+ ! corruption1 z he has done till n[1 w\ld be able to aboli% x4 ,9 ?is way1 & 9 contradiction to ! holl[ phrases ( optimism & ! depress+ contemplation ( pessimism1 ,glezs re/ores ! peace ( our m9d1 & be/[s ^u u ! hope = a future reign ( ,wisdom & ,love40#bbc ,9 ! preface to ! ,?alysie ,glezs ?us expresses 8 convictions1 8 hopes1 & ! g5]al purpose ( 8 lab\rs3-- 8,! sy/em :i* ,i n[ publi% to ! _w is n1 z ! usual acceptation ( t ^w might seem to indicate1 a collection ( pr9ciples m or less probable1 & ( :i* x dep5ds ^u ea* "o to admit or reject ! consequ5ces4 ,x is a *a9 ( pr9ciples1 rigor\sly true & j1 f :i* man _c dep>t )\t incurr+ p5alties proportionate to 8 deviation4 ,b1 9 spite ( ^! p5alties :i* he has suff]$1 & :i* he /ill suff]s1 he is n aw>e ( 8 lo/ condition g>em5t4 ,8 fate is t ( ! slave1 born 9 s]vitude1 :o plays ) 8 *a9s1 sometimes insults ! freem51 & c>ries 8 madness to ! po9t ( refus+ fre$om :5 x is (f]$ to him1 & ( *oos+ slav]y4 8,x is n t all m5 h all[$ !mselves to be c>ri$ will+ly d[n ! fatal desc5t3 a l>ge numb] h /ruggl$ aga9/ ! press1 b _! div]se & scatt]$ ef=ts h resembl$ ! eddies ( ! flood1 :i* ends ) =c+ toge!r all ! div]g+ wat]s & hurry+ away ) !m into ! gulf ( ! ocean4 ,or1 if "s few h rais$ & kept !mselves above ! rapid curr5t1 no p]man5t advantage has result$ f x to ! human race1 :i* has be5 none ! less ab&on$ to itself40 ,we "k t ! greate/ intellects among/ ! ,greeks#bbd _h taught ! bett] way2 b !y fail$1 says ,glezs1 inasmu* z _! doctr9e 0 too exclusive & esot]ic4 8,! condition ( ! human race is a pla9 witness ( its error4 ,?is condition1 9 fact1 is s al>m+ t x might seem desp]ate1 if x 7 c]ta9 t m5 _h acquir$ all _! k4 ,b1 happily1 !re is "o bran* ( x--! mo/ ess5tial ( all1 & )\t :i* ! re/ is sc>cely ( any acc\nt--:i* is yet entirely ignor$4 ,?is k is precisely t ( :i* ^! great m5 _h glimpses1 & ( :i* !y res]v$ to !mselves ! sole enjoym5t2#bbe & x is ?is k1 or1 r1 ?is wisdom 7& we "k t ) ! ,greeks ^! two ?+s 7 compris$ "u ! same d5om9ation7 :i* ,i publi%4 ,i %all give x an ext5sion :i* x 0 n possible = !m to p]ceive or to give2 because ,nature refuses its life-giv+ _s esprit de vie to solit>y & isolat$ se$s1 & makes ^? only to fructify :i* ent] into ! common h]itage ( mank9d4 8,) su* support1 ! mo/ feeble mu/ h an advantage ov] ! /ronge/ )\t x4 ,i h1 besides1 ano!r advantage4 ,m5 feel+ to-day1 m ?an ev]1 ! privation ( :at is want+ to !m1 invoke on all sides new pr9ciples1 & dem& a high] civilisation4 ,x is n ! fir/ "t1 d\btless1 t su* a /ate ( ?+s has be5 manife/$4 ,x has be5 se5 to sup]v5e aft] all ! moral revolutions t h left man great] ?an !y h f\nd him4 ,b t ( :i* we h be5 ! witnesses ! revolution 9 ,france ( #aghi--! re=ms ( #ahcj seems to h some?+ m rem>kable1 m complete--"o w\ld almo/ be tempt$ to believe t x mu/ be ! la/1 & t]m9ate t long sequ5ce ( va9 disputes across :i* ! human k9d has pa9fully advanc$1 see+ x rise 9 ! mid/ ( ! dbris ( all ! old-_w ideas :i* h expir$ or are expir+ at "o's feet4 ,:at a mom5t = rebuild+6 ,no m fav\rable "o c\ld exi/2 & x is urg$ on1 s to speak1 by ! breeze ( ^! happy circum/ances t ,i (f] to ! m$itation ( m5 ! foll[+ propositions4444 8,i %all add b a few words4 ,! pr9ciples :i* ,i h laid d[n are absolute--!y _c b5d fl*ir4 ,b !re are /eps on ! r\te :i* conduct to ! heights :i* !y occupy2 & 7 !re b a s+le /ep made 9 t direction1 t s+le /ep c\ld n be reg>d$ z indiff]5t & unimportant4 ,?us ?is "w--guide ( ^? :om x %all conv9ce--w be useful also to ! re/ ( ! _w z1 at lea/1 a mod]ator & a *eck2 &1 ,i %all av[ x1 my hopes d n ext5d beyond ?is latt] object4 ,i %\ld feel myself ev5 p]fectly satisfi$1 if ?is book %\ld inspire 9 my contempor>ies en\gh ( e/eem & fav\r to prev5t !m f arre/+ & imp$+ x at its />t1 & to all[ x to foll[ its c\rse t[>ds a g5]ation1 ,i w n say m wor?y1 b bett] prep>$ ?an ! pres5t to receive x40 ,glezs divides 8 great "w into twelve ,disc\rses1 9 two volumes1 supplem5t$ by a ?ird volume :i* he entitles ,moral ,pro(s4 ,x is an almo/ exhau/ive1 z well z eloqu5t1 rsum ( ! hi/ory & e?ics ( ! subject4 ,! only fault ( ?is1 p]haps1 mo/ he>tfelt appeal to ! reason & consci5ce ( mank9d ev] publi%$ is its too great discursiv5ess4 ,! manife/ anxiety ( ! au?or to meet1 or to anticipate1 e possible objection or subt]fuge on ! "p ( ! ho/ile or ! indiff]5t1 may well excuse ?is app>5t blemi%2 & ! slighte/ acqua9tance ) 8 ,new ,exi/5ce c h>dly fail to extort1 ev5 f ! mo/ prejudic$ read]1 a tribute ( admiration to a _s s noble & s pure1 devot+ all its en]gies to ! fur!rance ( an exalt$ & ref9$ morality4 ,9 ! e>li] portion ( 8 book he reviews ! dietetic habits & practices ( ! v>i\s peoples ( ! y\ng] _w1 & notices ! v>i\s philosophic & o!r writ]s :o h left any record ( _! op9ions ^u fle%-eat+4 ,he next treats ( mod]n au?orities1 &1 aft] quot+ a l>ge numb] ( anti-kreophagi/ic te/imonies1 9 8 fif? ,disc\rse he applies himself to answ] ! sophisms ( ! *ief oppon5ts1 & p>ticul>ly ( its ar*-enemy--8 c\ntryman1 ,buffon1 9 8 well-kn[n ,hi/oire ,naturelle--& he may be said effectually to h dispos$ ( 8 a/oni%+ fallacies4#bbf 8,:at mo/ /rikes ! obs]v] :5 he ?r[s an att5tive glance ov] ! e>?1 is ! relative inf]iority ( man1 consid]$ z :at he is1 9 reg>d to :at he ought to be3 x is ! feebl5ess ( ! "w comp>$ ) ! aptitude ( ! workman4 ,all 8 inspirations are good1 & all 8 actions bad2 & x is to ?is s+ul> fact t mu/ be attribut$1 )\t d\bt1 ! univ]sal contempt t man exhibits t[>ds 8 fell[s4444 ,we mu/ rem\nt to ! s\rce1 & see if !re is n 9 man's exi/5ce "s ess5tial act :i*1 reflect+ itself on all ! re/1 w\ld communicate to !m its fatal influ5ce4 ,let u consid]1 above ev]y?+1 ! di/9ctive quality ( man--t :i* raises him above all o!r be+s4 ,x is cle> t x is ,pity1#bbg s\rce ( t intellig5ce :i* has plac$ him at ! head ( t f9e moral ord]1 inv9cible 9 ! mid/ ( ! cata/rophes ( ,nature4 ,8 utt] failure to exhibit ?is feel+ ( pity t[>ds 8 humble fell[-be+s1 z well z to 8 own k9d1 engages u to inquire :at is ! p]man5t cause ( su* failure2 & we f9d x1 at fir/1 9 t unhappy facility ) :i* man receives 8 impressions ( ! be+s by :om he is surr\nd$4 ,^! impressions1 transmitt$ ) life & cem5t$ by habit1 h =m$ a creation ap>t & sep>ate f himself1 :i* is consequ5tly beyond ! doma9 ( 8 consci5ce1 or1 if y pref] x1 ( ! ord9>y jurisprud5ce ( m54 ,?us m5 cont9ue to accuse !mselves ( be+ unju/1 viol5t1 cruel1 & trea*]\s to "o ano!r1 b !y d n accuse !mselves ( cutt+ ! ?roats ( o!r animals & ( fe$+ ^u _! mangl$ limbs1 :i*1 nev]!less1 is ! s+le cause ( t inju/ice1 ( t viol5ce1 ( t cruelty1 & ( t trea*]y4 8,al?\gh all h n ^! vices to ! same degree1 & x is exactly ?is fact :i* aids ! self-deception1 ,i %all cle>ly prove t all h ! g]ms ( !m2 & t1 if !y are n equally develop$1 we mu/ ?ank ! circum/ances only :i* h fail$ !m4 8,x is ?us t _m ,europeans1 :om _! de/9y conducts to ! cannibal c\ntries1 aft] "s mon?s ( soj\rn ) ! natives1 make no difficulty ( seat+ !mselves at _! banquet1 & ( %>+ _! horrible repa/1 :i* at fir/ _h excit$ _! horror & disgu/4 ,!y beg9 ) dev\r+ a dog3 f ! dog to ! man ! space is soon cle>$4 8,m5 believe !mselves to be j1 provid$ t !y fulfil1 9 reg>d to _! fell[s1 ! duties :i* h be5 prescrib$ to !m4 ,b x is goodness :i* is ! ju/ice ( man2 & x is impossible1 ,i repeat x1 to be good t[>ds "o's fell[ )\t be+ s t[>ds o!r exi/5ces4 ,let u n be ! dupes ( appe>ances4 ,s5eca1 :o liv$ only on ! h]bs ( 8 g>d51 to :i* he ow$ ^? la/ gleams ( philosophy :i* enlight5$1 s to speak1 ! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 also ?9ks t crime _c be circumscrib$3 ,nullum intr se manet vitium4 ,& if1 z ,ovid affirms1 ! sword /ruck m5 only aft] hav+ be5 fir/ dy$ 9 ! blood ( ! l[] animals1 :at int]e/ h we n 9 respect+ su* a b>ri]8 ,l olus1 :o held 9 8 h&s ! bag 9 :i* ! w9ds 7 conf9$1 we may at our w1 accord+ z we live ^u plants or ^u animals1 tranquillize ! e>? or excite t]rible tempe/s ^u x4 8,i am too well aw>e t a subt]fuge w be f\nd 9 excus+ ! crime by necessity1 & calumniat+ ,provid5ce4 ,accord+ to ! pret5d$ belief ( ! greate/ numb] ( p1 if o!r animals 7 n put to dea?1 !y w\ld deprive m5 ( ! empire ( ! e>?4 ,b x is easy to reply to ?is objection by ! examples ( p :o1 hold+ 9 horror ! effusion ( blood1 & robb+ no be+ ( life--ev5 ! vile/ or mo/ hateful--are by no means di/urb$ 9 ! ex]cise ( _! sov]eignty4#bbh ,& x w\ld result f ! examples ( ^! p1 if "o _h n o!r pro(s besides1 t man is absolutely ma/] ( ! means ( increas+ or limit+ ! multiplication ( ! species :i* are m or less 9 dep5d5ce ^u him4 ,& x is n less evid5t t ! e>?1 9 ?is latt] hypo!sis1 w\ld support an inf9itely great] numb] ( ! human species4 ,?us w ! vegetable regim5 be necess>ily adopt$ "o day ov] ! :ole e>?1 :5 ! multiplication ( our species %all h rea*$ a c]ta9 numb] fix$ & pre-e/abli%$ by t imp]i\s & irrevocable law :i* is intimately connect$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ) humanity1 ju/ice1 & virtue--! numb] at :i* x is sl[ly arriv+1 arre/$ by ! v causes :i* ,i am /riv+ to de/roy1 & :i*1 = t s+le reason1 ought to arm aga9/ !m all g5]\s be+s :o appreciate ! b5efit ( exi/5ce40#bbi ,among/ o!r pretexts by :i* m5 seek to excuse selfi%ness1 is ! ass]tion t its victims h little or no consci\sness ( suff]+1 & t _! dea? is s unexpect$ t x _c excite _! t]ror4 ,?is mon/r\s fiction is eloqu5tly expos$ by ,glezs1 z x is1 inde$1 by ! commone/ ev]yday exp]i5ce3-- 8,! in/9ct ( life among animals g5]ally gives !m a pres5tim5t & fe> ( dea?--t is to say viol5t dea?2 = z = natural dea? x inspires 9 !m no al>m1 = ! simple reason t x is 9 ! c\rse ( nature4 ,& x is ! same ) man4 ,he is n afflict$ ) ! ?\ght ( dy+ :5 he kn[s 8 h\r is come2 he resigns himself to t fate z to any o!r impos$ ^u him by necessity4 ,! s5sations ( o!r be+s diff] 9 no respect f ^? ( m52 & :5 ! horse1 = example1 is condemn$ to dea? by ! lion1 t is to say1 :5 he he>s ! confus$ ro> ( t t]rible bea/ :i* fills space1 :ile ! precise spot f :i* x emanates _c be det]m9$1 :i* takes f ! victim all hope ( escape by flight1 ! p]spiration rolls d[n all 8 limbs1 he falls to ! e>? z if he _h j be5 /ruck by a ?und]bolt1 & w\ld die ( t]ror alone if ! lion did n run up to t]m9ate ! trag$y40#bcj 8,!re exi/s s great an analogy1 s /rong a resemblance1 betwe5 ! life ( man & t ( o!r animals :o surr\nd him1 t a simple return to himself--simple reflection--ought to suffice to make him respect ! latt]2 & if he 7 condemn$ by ,nature to r5d x f !m1 he might ju/ly curse ! ord] ( ?+s :i*1 on ! "o h&1 %\ld h implant$ 9 8 he>t ! s\rce ( feel+ s g5tle1 &1 on ! o!r1 %\ld h impos$ on him a necessity s cruel4444 ,& if ?is man h *ildr51 if he be> 9 8 he>t objects :i* are s de> to him1 h[ c he unceas+ly surr\nd himself ) images ( dea?--( t dea? :i* mu/ deprive him "o day ( ^? :om he loves1 or snat* himself away f _! love8 ,& if he be j1 if he be good1 h[ w he n h repugnance = acts :i* w cont9ually recall to him ideas ( +ratitude1 ( cruelty1 & ( viol5ce8 ,!re exi/s 9 ! ,ea/ a tree :i*1 by a me*anical movem5t1 incl9es its bran*es t[>ds ! travell]1 :om x seems to invite to repose "u its %ade4 ,?is simple image ( hospitality1 :i* is rev]$ 9 t "p ( ! _w1 makes !m reg>d x z sacr$1 & !y w\ld puni% ) dea? him :o %\ld d>e to apply a hat*et to its trunk4 ,our humble fell[-be+s1 %\ld !y be less sacr$ because !y repres5t1 n by me*anical movem5ts1 b by actions resembl+ our own1 feel+s ! de>e/ to our he>ts8 ,ah6 let u respect !m1 n alone because !y aid u to be> ! burd5s ( ! _w1 :i* w\ld ov]:elm u )\t !m b because !y h ! same "r ) ourselves to life4444 ,a reason :i* is )\t reply1 at lea/ = g5]\s s\ls1 is ! tru/ & confid5ce repos$ 9 man by o!r animals4 ,nature has n taught !m to di/ru/ him4 ,he is ! only enemy :om %e has n po9t$ out to !m4 ,is x n evid5t pro( t he 0 n int5d$ to be s8 ,= c "o believe t ,nature1 :o holds s j a balance1 c\ld h be5 will+ to deceive all o!r be+s 9 fav\r ( man alone8 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t birds ( ! g5tle species express c]ta9 cries :5 !y p]ceive ! fox1 ! weasel1 c41 al?\gh !y h no?+ to fe> f !m1 )\t d\bt1 by reason ( ! analogy :i* !y (f]4 ,!y are ! cries ( hatr$ r ?an ( fe>1 :il/ !y utt] ^! latt] at sight ( ! eagle1 ( ! hawk1 c4 ,n[1 x is c]ta9 t 9 all ! isl&s on :i* man has l&$1 ! native animals h n fl$ be=e !m4 ,!y h be5 able to take ev5 birds ) ! h&40 ,glezs rejects ! common fallacy t1 because m5 h acquir$ a lu/ = fle%1 !re=e x is natural or prop] = !m4 8,x is a speci\s b v false reason to allege t1 s9ce man has acquir$ ?is ta/e1 he ought to be p]mitt$ to indulge x--9 ! fir/ place because ,nature has n giv5 him cook$ fle%1 & because sev]al ages mu/ h roll$ away be=e fire 0 us$4 ,x is v well kn[n t !re are _m c\ntries 9 :i* x 0 n kn[n at ! p]iod ( _! discov]y4 ,nature1 !n1 c\ld h giv5 man only raw or liv+ fle%1 & we "k t x is repugnant to him ov] ! :ole ext5t ( ! e>?4 ,n[ x is exactly ?is "* :i* ess5tially di/+ui%es animals ( prey f o!rs4 ,! =m]1 ^? at lea/ ( ! l>g] species1 h g5]ally an extreme repugnance1 n only = cook$ fle%1 b ev5 = t :i* has lo/ its fre%ness4 ,man1 !n1 is n c>nivor\s b "u c]ta9 abnormal conditions2 & 8 s5ses1 to :i* he appeals 9 support ( 8 c>nivor\sness1 are p]v]t$ to su* a degree1 t he w\ld dev\r 8 fell[-man )\t p]ceiv+ x1 if !y s]v$ him up 9 place ( veal1 ! fle% ( :i* is said to h ! same ta/e4 ,?us ,h>pagus ate1 )\t kn[+ x1 ! corpse ( 8 son40 ,glezs in/ances ! case ( ,c[s & ( ,re9de] :o1 9 ,norway1 h be5 d5aturalis$ s f> z to fe$ on fi%1 & readily to take to t unnatural food4 8,x w\ld be too long to enum]ate "h all ! causes :i* may h produc$ s great an ab]ration4 ,?is w be ! matt] ( ano!r ,disc\rse4 ,i %all cont5t myself = ! mom5t ) say+ "s words ^u t :i* p]petuates x4 ,x is ess5tially t lightness ( m9d1 or1 r1 t sort ( /upidity1 :i* makes all reflection ^u any?+ :i* is oppos$ to _! habits pa9ful to ! g5]ality ( mank9d4 ,!y w\ld turn _! head aside ) horror if !y saw :at a s+le "o ( _! repa/s co/s ,nature4 ,!y eat animals z "s among/ !m laun* a bomb into ! mid/ ( a besieg$ t[n1 )\t ?9k+ ( ! evils :i* x mu/ br+ to a cr[d ( individuals1 /rang]s to w>--wom51 *ildr51 & old m5--evils ! ne> spectacle ( :i* !y c\ld n support1 9 spite ( ! h>dness ( _! he>ts4444 ,to-day1 :5 ev]y?+ is calculat$ ) s mu* precision he rem>ks ) bitt]ness1 !re w n be want+ p]sons ) suffici5t assurance to attempt to prove t !re is m ( advantage = ! dome/icat$ animals to be born & live on condition ( hav+ _! ?roats cut1 ?an if !y _h rema9$ 9 #8no?+ness1' or 9 ! natural /ate4 ,z = ! ^w #8no?+ness1' ,i confess t ,i d n und]/& x1 b ,i und]/& ! o!r v well2 & ,i h nev] conceiv$ h[ man c\ld h _h ! b>b>ity to accumulate all ! calamities ( ! e>? ^u a s+le individual2 t is to say1 to slaught] x 9 return = hav+ caus$ its deg5]acy4 ,b if he ?9ks himself to escape f ! influ5ce ( an action s da/>dly & s infam\s1 he w\ld be 9 a v great error4444 8,i %all f9i% ^! prolegom5a ) an important rem>k4 ,i h kn[n a l>ge numb] ( good s\ls :o (f]$ up ! mo/ s9c]e wi%es = ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is doctr9e ( human5ess1 :o ?\ght x j & true 9 all its aspects1 :o believ$ 9 all t x ann\nces2 b :o1 9 spite ( s praisewor?y a disposition1 d>$ n be ! fir/ to give ! example4 ,!y await$ ?is movem5t f m9ds /rong] ?an _! own4 ,d\btless !y are ! m9ds :i* give ! impulse to ! _w2 b is x necess>y to await ?is movem5t :5 "o is conv9c$ ( "o's self8 ,is x p]missible to temporise 9 a "q ( life or dea? = innoc5t be+s ^: sole crime is to h be5 born1 & is x 9 a case l ?is t /r5g? ( m9d %\ld fail ju/ice8 ,no6 ,well-do+ is1 happily1 n s difficult4 ,ah6 :at is y\r excuse1 besides1 pusillanim\s s\ls8 ,i blu% = y at ! mis]able pretexts :i* keep y back4 ,x w\ld be necess>y1 say y1 to sep>ate "o's self f ! _w2 to r5\nce "o's fri5ds & neighb\rs4 ,i see no su* necessity1 & ,i ?9k1 on ! contr>y1 t if y truly lov$ ! _w & y\r neighb\rs1 y w\ld ha/5 to give !m an example :i* mu/ h s p[]ful an influ5ce ^u _! pres5t happ9ess & ^u _! future de/9y40#bca ,we h reason once aga9 to lam5t ! p]v]sity ( lit]>y or publi%+ ent]prise :i* w produce & reproduce1 ad inf9itum1 books ( no real & p]man5t value to ! _w1 & altoge!r neglect its true lum9>ies4 ,?is is1 9 an especial mann]1 ! case ) ,glezs4 ,! ,n\velle ,exi/5ce has nev] be5 republi%$1 we believe1 9 ! au?or's own c\ntry2 :ile x has nev] f\nd a translator1 p]haps sc>cely a read]1 9 ?is c\ntry outside ! ,veget>ian ranks4 ,g]many1 z we h already notic$1 alone has ! hon\r ( attempt+ to pres]ve f oblivion "o ( ! few :o h des]v$ immortality4 ,,xli4 ,,%elley4 #agib-ahbb4 ,t a pr9ciple ( pr(\nd significance = ! welf>e ( our own species 9 p>ticul>1 & = ! peaceful h>mony ( ! _w 9 g5]al--t a true spiritualism1 ( :i* "s ( ! mo/ admirable ( ! poets ( ! pre-,*ri/ian ages prov$ !mselves n unconsci\s1 has be51 = ! mo/ "p1 altoge!r ov]look$ or ignor$ by mod]n aspirants to poetic fame is matt] = our grave/ lam5t4 ,?omson1 ,pope1 ,%elley1 ,lam>t9e--to :om ,milton1 p]haps1 may be add$--^! =m ! small b& :o almo/ alone repres5t1 & h develop$ ! e>li] inspiration ( a ,hesiod1 ,ovid1 or ,virgil1 ! prophet-poets :o1 fai?ful to _! prop] call+1#bcb h s\ght to unb>b>ise & elevate human life by ar\s+1 9 v>i\s degree1 feel+s ( horror & av]sion f ! prevail+ mat]ialism ( liv+4 ,( ?is illu/ri\s b&1 &1 inde$1 ( all ! great intellectual & moral lum9>ies :o h %$ a humanis+ influ5ce ^u our planet--:o h left beh9d !m 8?\ghts t brea! & words t burn0--none c claim m rev]5ce f humanit>ians ?an ! poet ( poets--! influ5ce ( ^: life & writ+s1 consid]able ev5 n[1 & gradually increas+1 d\btless 9 a n remote future is de/9$ to be equal to t ( ! v =emo/ ( ! _w's tea*]s1 & ( :om our sket*1 necess>ily limit$ ?\gh x is1 w be ext5d$ beyond ! usual allott$ space4 ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley desc5d$ f an old & weal?y family long settl$ 9 ,sussex4 ,at ! age ( #ac he 0 s5t to ,eton1 :]e 7su* 0 ! _s ( ! public & o!r s*ools at t "t1 &1 inde$1 ( long aft]w>ds7 he 0 subject$ to sev]e trials ( endurance by ! r\gh & rude mann]s ( ! ord9>y s*oolboy1 & ! h>% & unequal viol5ce ( ! s*oolma/]4 ,( an exceptionally ref9$ & s5sitive temp]am5t1 he 0 none ! less det]m9$ 9 resi/ance to inju/ice & oppression1 & 8 refusal to submit tamely to _! petty tyrannies seems to h br\ght ^u him m ?an ! common am\nt ( h>% treatm5t4 ,x p5etrat$ into 8 inmo/ s\l1 & inspir$ ! op5+ /anzas ( 8,! ,revolt ( ,islam10 9 int5sity ( feel+ seldom equall$4 ,"s alleviation ( ^! suff]+s ( *ildhood he f\nd 9 8 own m5tal res\rces4 ,= 8 amusem5t he translat$1 we are assur$1 sev]al books ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y4 ,( ,greek writ]s he ev5 !n 79 an ,engli% v]sion7 read ,plato1 :o aft]w>ds1 9 8 own language1 always rema9$ "o ( 8 *ief lit]>y companions1 & he appli$ himself also to ! /udy ( ,fr5* & ( ,g]man4 ,9 natural sci5ce1 ,*emi/ry seems to h be5 8 especial pursuit4 ,9 #ahaj1 at ! age ( sev5te51 he ent]$ ,univ]sity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,!re he /udi$ & wrote unceas+ly4 ,) a /rong pr$ilection = metaphysics1 he devot$ himself 9 p>ticul> to ! great ma/]s ( dialectics1 ,locke & ,hume1 & to _! *ief repres5tatives 9 ,fr5* philosophy4 ,ard5t & en?usia/ic 9 ! pursuit ( tru?1 he s\ght to enl>ge 8 k & ideas f e possible qu>t]1 & he engag$ 9 correspond5ce ) di/+ui%$ p]sons1 sugge/$ to him by *oice or *ance1 ) :om he discuss$ ! mo/ int]e/+ philosophical que/ions4 ,l all truly fruitful m9ds1 ! y\?ful inquir] 0 n satisfi$ ) ! dicta ( m]e au?ority1 or ) ! cons5sus1 h[ev] g5]al1 ( pa/ ages1 & he hesitat$ n1 9 matt]s ( op9ion 9 :i* e well-in/ruct$ intellig5ce is capable ( judg+ = itself1 to br+ to ! te/ ( "r reason ! mo/ widely-receiv$ dogmas ( ,antiquity4 ,actuat$ by ?is _s1 r ?an by any matur$ convictions1 & wi%+ to elicit s9c]e z well z exhau/ive argum5t on ! deepe/ ( all metaphysical inquiries1 9 an un=tunate mom5t = himself1 he caus$ to be pr9t$ an ab/ract ( anti-!i/ic speculations1 drawn f ,david ,hume & o!r au?orities1 pres5t$ 9 a s]ies ( ma!matically-express$ propositions4 ,copies ( ?is mode/ !sis ( two pages 7 s5t ei!r by ! au?or1 or by "s o!r h&1 to ! heads ( 8 ,college4 ,! cl]ical dignit>ies1 li/5+ to ! dictates ( outrag$ au?ority1 r ?an influ5c$ by calm reflection1 :i* w\ld h1 p]haps1 %ewn !m ! useless inju/ice ( s extreme a measure1 proce$$ at once to expel him f ! ,univ]sity4#bcc ,t 9 spite ( ?is impetu\s attack ^u ! /]eotyp$ pres5tations ( ,!ism1 ,%elley _h an em95tly religi\s temp]am5t has be5 well insi/$ ^u by a rec5t biograph]3-- 8,brimm+ ov] ) love = m51 he 0 defici5t 9 sympa?y ) ! conditions "u :i* !y actually ?9k & feel4 ,c\ld he b de?rone ! an>*1 ,cu/om1 ! #8,mill5nium1' he argu$1 w\ld imm$iately arrive2 nor did he /op to ?9k h[ diff]5t 0 ! fibre ( 8 own s\l f t ( ! unnumb]$ multitudes ar\nd him4 ,9 8 adoration ( :at he recognis$ z liv+1 he reta9$ no rev]5ce = ! ossifi$ exp]i5ce ( pa/ ages4444 ,= he _h a vital fai?1 & ?is fai? made ! ideals he conceiv$ seem possible--fai? 9 ! duty & desirability ( ov]?r[+ idols2 fai? 9 ! gospel ( lib]ty1 frat]nity1 equality2 fai? 9 ! div9e beauty ( ,nature2 fai? 9 ! p]fectibility ( man2 fai? 9 ! omnipres5t s\l1 :]e( our s\ls are atoms2 fai? 9 love1 z ! rul+ & co-ord9at+ sub/ance ( morality4 ,! man :o liv$ by ?is fai? 0 9 no vulg> s5se ( ! ^w #8a!i/4' ,:5 he proclaim$ himself to be "o he pron\nc$ 8 hatr$ ( a gloomy religion :i* _h be5 ! in/rum5t ( k+s & prie/s = ! enslavem5t ( _! fell[ be+s4 ,z he told 8 fri5d ,trelawney1 he us$ ! ^w ,a!ism #8to express 8 abhorr5ce ( sup]/ition3 he took x up1 z a knight took up a gauntlet1 9 defiance ( inju/ice4'0#bcd ,s ?or\gh 0 8 contempt = m]e receiv$ & r\t9e ?\ght1 t ev5 ,ari/otle1 ! great idol ( ! m$ival s*oolm51 & /ill an object ( extraord9>y v5]ation 9 ! eld] ,univ]sity1 became = him a k9d ( synonym = despotic au?ority-- 8,tomes ,( reason$ ,wrong gloz$ on by ,ignorance0-- & 01 accord+ly1 treat$ ) undue neglect4 ,z = politics1 z repres5t$ 9 ! p>liam5t & public ,press ( 8 day1 he 0 indignantly impati5t ( ! too usual trifl+ & unreality ( public life4 ,he seldom read ! newspap]s2 nor c\ld he ev] br+ himself to mix ) ! 8rabble ( ! ,h\se40 ,?us1 =c$ into antipa?y to ! ord9>y & or?odox bus9ess ( life ar\nd him1 ! poet )drew himself m & m f x into 8 own ?\ghts1 & hopes1 & aspirations1 :i* he communicat$ to 8 famili> fri5ds4 ,"s ( ^?1 h[ev]1 into ^: society he *anc$ to be ?r[n1 7 n ( a sort ( m9d mo/ cong5ial to 8 own4 ,yet !y all be> witness to 8 surpass+ moral no less ?an m5tal1 con/itution4 8,9 no individual1 p]haps1 0 ! moral s5se ev] m completely develop$ ?an 9 ,%elley10 says "o ( 8 mo/ intimate acqua9tances2 89 no be+ 0 ! p]ception ( "r & wrong m acute40 8,z 8 love ( intellectual pursuits 0 vehem5t1 & ! vig\r ( 8 g5ius almo/ cele/ial1 s 7 ! purity & sanctity ( 8 life mo/ conspicu\s4444 ,i h _h ! happ9ess to associate ) "s ( ! be/ specim5s ( g5tl5ess2 b 7may my c&\r & pref]5ce be p>don$71 ,i c affirm t ,%elley 0 almo/ ! only example ,i h yet f\nd t 0 nev] want+1 ev5 9 ! mo/ m9ute p>ticul>1 ( ! inf9ite & v>i\s obs]vances ( pure1 entire1 & p]fect g5tility40 ,?is is ! volunt>y te/imony ( a fri5d :o 0 n incl9$ to excess ( praise4#bce ,! sudd5 end ( 8 c>e] at ,ox=d _h e/rang$ him f 8 fa!r1 :o 0 ( a temp]am5t ! v opposite to t ( ! en?usia/ic re=m]--h>%1 intol]ant1 & bigot$ 9 8 prejudices2 & ! "y ,%elley's m>riage1 %ortly aft]w>ds1 to ,h>riet ,we/brook1 a "y girl ( mu* beauty1 b ( little cultivation ( m9d1 & 9 a position ( life diff]5t f 8 own1 inc5s$ him /ill fur!r4 ,! m>riage1 happy en\gh 9 ! beg9n+1 prov$ to be an ill-assort$ "o1 & v>i\s causes contribut$ to ! inevitable dn\em5t4 ,aft] a union ( "s ?ree ye>s1 ! m>riage1 by mutual cons5t1 0 dissolv$4 ,two ye>s lat]--n1 x seems1 9 consequ5ce ( ! divorce1 z sometimes has be5 sugge/$--! "y wife put an end to h] exi/5ce--a t]rible & tragic t]m9ation ( an ill-consid]$ atta*m5t1 :i* mu/ h caus$ him ! deepe/ pangs ( grief1 & :i* seems always1 & ju/ly1 to h ca/ a gloomy %ad[ ^u 8 future life4 ,brief z 8 c>e] 01 we c ref] only to ! mo/ int]e/+ ev5ts 9 x4 ,( ^!1 8 en?usia/ic ef=t to ar\se a bloodless revolution 9 ,irel&1 su* z1 if effect$1 might h prev5t$ ! cont9u$ mis]ies ( t especially neglect$ portion ( ! ?ree k+doms1 is n ! lea/ notewor?y4 ,) 8 lately-m>ri$ wife & h] si/] he 0 liv+ at ,keswick1 :51 by a sudd5 inspiration1 he resolv$ to cross ! ,*annel1 & engage 9 ! "w ( propagat+ 8 pr9ciples ( political & social re=m4 ,?is 0 9 ! e>ly "p ( #ahab4 ,9 ,dubl91 :]e !y e/abli%$ _! head-qu>t]s1 he pr9t$ an ,address to ! ,iri% ,p1 :i*1 by 8 own h&s1 z well z by o!r ag5cy1 0 di/ribut$ f> & wide4 ,9 ?is wond]fully well-consid]$ & reasonable manife/o1 ! pr9ciples laid d[n z necess>y to success 9 attempt+ deliv]ance f ages ( bad laws & misgov]nm5t1 are z s\nd z ! ard\r & s9c]ity ( 8 hopeless und]tak+ are unmi/akeable4 ,! cosmopolitan scope ( ! ,address appe>s 9 su* passages z ^!3-- 8,d n inquire if a man be a h]etic1 if he be a ,quak]1 a ,jew1 or a ,hea!n1 b if he be a virtu\s man1 if he love lib]ty & tru?1 if he wi% ! happ9ess & peace ( human k9d4 ,if a man be ev] s mu* #8a believ]1' & love n ^! ?+s1 he is a he>tless hypocrite & a knave4444 ,x is n a m]it to tol]ate1 b x is a crime to be intol]ant4444 ,be calm1 mild1 delib]ate1 pati5t4444 ,?9k1 & talk1 & discuss4444 ,be free & be happy1 b fir/ be wise & good4444 ,habits ( sobriety1 regul>ity1 & ?\ght mu/ be ent]$ into & firmly resolv$ ^u40 ,tru] 9 8 p]ception ( ! radical causes & cure ( national evils ?an mo/ p>ty politicians1 he urg$ ! ess5tial ne$ ( e?ical & social *ange1 )\t :i* m]e political *ange ( p>ties1 or increase 9 mat]ial weal? ( "s sections 9 ! community1 mu/ be valueless 9 any true e/imate ( a nation's prosp]ity4 ,%elley also issu$1 9 pamphlet =m1 ,proposals = an ,association--a plan = ! =mation ( a va/ society ( ,iri% ,ca?olics1 to en=ce _! 8emancipation0--a measure :i* 0 n br\ght ab\t until tw5ty ye>s lat] aft] long & vehem5t opposition4 ,two mon?s 7 devot$ to ?is g5]\s b futile "w2 ! p ( ,irel& did n move1 & ! "y re=m] return$ to ,engl&1 b )\t ab&on+ 8 propag&a ( ! pr9ciples ( lib]ty & ju/ice4 ,:ile resid+ 9 ,som]set%ire he publi%$ a pap] entitl$ a ,decl>ation ( ,rights1 to circulate :i* rec\rse 0 _h to +5i\s me?ods4 ,f\r ye>s lat]1 9 #ahag1 he publi%$ ,a ,proposal = putt+ ,re=m to ! ,vote ?r\gh\t ! ,k+dom4 8,he saw t ! ,h\se ( ,commons did n repres5t ! c\ntry2 & act+ ^u 8 pr9ciple t ,gov]nm5t is ! s]vant ( ! ,gov]n$1 he s\ght means = asc]ta9+ ! real w ( ! nation ) reg>d to its ,p>liam5t1 & = br++ ! collective op9ions ( ! population to be> ^u its rul]s4 ,! plan propos$ 0 t a l>ge network ( committees %\ld be =m$1 & t by _! means e individual man %\ld be canvass$4 ,we f9d "h ! same me?od ( advanc+ re=m by peaceable associations z 9 ,irel&40 ,at ! same "t1 9 pres5ce ( ! incalculable am\nt ( ignorance1 de/itution1 & consequ5t v5ality ( ! great mass ( ! community--! necess>y outcome ( long ages ( bad & selfi% legislation--,univ]sal ,suffrage = ! pres5t appe>$ to him to be n a safe exp]im5t4 ,evid5ce ( controv]sial p[]1 is 8 8grave & l(ty0 ,lett] to ,"l ,ell5bor\gh1 :o _h rec5tly s5t5c$ to imprisonm5t ! pr9t]s ( ! ,age ( ,reason1 8an eloqu5t argum5t 9 fav\r ( tol]ation & ! fre$om ( ! intellect1 c>ry+ ! matt] beyond ! in/ance ( legal tyranny1 :i* occasion$ its composition1 & treat+ x ) philosophical if impassion$1 s]i\sness40#bcf ,be=e 8 visit to ,irel&1 he _h be5 engag$ 7z he tells 8 correspond5t1 ,william ,godw97 9 writ+ ,an ,inquiry into ! ,causes ( ! ,failure ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution to ,b5efit ,mank9d4 ,we h to lam5t t ?is ,essay seems nev] to h be5 complet$1 s9ce x is h>dly d\btful t x w\ld h be5 ( unusual int]e/4 ,su* 0 ! =ce & activity ( ,%elley's intellect1 z display$ 9 ! regions ( practical philosophy1 at ! age ( tw5ty1 & be=e he _h giv5 to ! _w 8 fir/ productions 9 poetry4 ,que5 ,mab1 writt5 9 "p two ye>s be=e1 0 f9i%$ & pr9t$ 9 #ahac4 ,al?\gh x may h "s ( ! defects ( immaturity ( g5ius1 x has ! *>m ( a g5u9e poetic inspiration4 ,int5se hatr$ ( selfi% inju/ice & untru? 9 all _! %apes1 equally int5se sympa?y ) all suff]+1 sublime fai? 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ,good1 clo!d 9 ! language ( entranc+ eloqu5ce & sublimity1 are ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is unique poem4 ,! au?or's depreciation ( 8 e>lie/ poetic attempt 9 aft] ye>s1 9 a lett] address$ to ! ,exam9]1 only a mon? be=e 8 dea?1 /rikes u z sc>cely s9c]e1 & z hav+ be5 a sort ( necess>y sacrifice on ! alt> ( ,exp$i5cy4 ,9 ?is exquisitely beautiful prophecy ( a 8,gold5 ,age0 to be1 ! fairy ,que5 ,mab1 ! unembodi$ be+ :o acts z 8 in/ructress & guide ?r\gh ! ,univ]se1 displays to 8 affright$ vision1 9 "o va/ panorama1 ! horrors ( ! ,pa/ & ! ,pres5t4 ,%e aft]w>ds1 9 a glori\s apocalypse1 relieves 8 despair by reveal+ to him ! 8new heav5s & ! new e>?10 :i* ev5tually w displace ! pres5t evil con/itution ( ?+s on our planet4 ,on ! r$eem$ & reg5]at$ ,globe3-- 8,ambigu\s ,man6 he t c "k ,m mis]y1 & c dream m joy ?an all3 ,^: ke5 s5sations ?rill )9 8 he>t1 ,to m+le ) a l(ti] in/9ct !re1 ,l5d+ _! p[] to pleasure & to pa91 ,yet rais+1 %>p5+1 & ref9+ ea*3 ,:o /&s amid ! ev]-v>y+ _w ,! burd5 or ! glory ( ! ,e>?-- ,he *ief p]ceives ! *ange3 8 be+ notes ,! gradual r5ovation1 & def9es ,ea* movem5t ( its progress on 8 m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h n[ ! human be+ /&s1 adorn+ ,?is lovelie/ ,e>? ) ta9tless body & m9d4 ,ble/ f 8 bir? ) all bl& impulses1 ,:i* g5tly 9 8 tru?ful bosom wake ,all k9dly passions & all pure desires4 ,him 7/ill f hope to hope ! bliss pursu+1 ,:i* f ! exhau/less /ore ( human weal ,draws on ! virtu\s m9d71 ! ?\ghts t rise ,9 "t-de/roy+ inf9it5ess1 gift ,) self-en%r9$ et]nity1 t mocks ,! unprevail+ ho>9ess ( age3 ,& ,man1 once fleet+ o'er ! transi5t sc5e1 ,swift z an unrememb]$ vision1 /&s ,immortal ^u ,e>?4 ,no long] n[ ,he slays ! ,lamb :o looks him 9 ! face1 ,& horribly dev\rs 8 mangl$ fle%1 ,:i*1 /ill av5g+ ,nature's brok5 law1 ,k9dl$ all putrid hum\rs 9 8 frame-- ,all evil passions & all va9 belief-- ,hatr$1 despair1 & loa?+ 9 8 m9d1 ,! g]ms ( mis]y1 dea?1 disease1 & crime4 ,no long] n[ ! w+d habitants1 ,t 9 ! woods _! sweet lives s+ away1 ,flee f ! =m ( ,man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ?+s are void ( t]ror4 ,man has lo/ ,8 t]rible pr]ogative1 & /&s ,an equal amid/ equals4 ,happ9ess ,& ,sci5ce dawn1 ?\gh late1 ^u ! ,e>?4 ,peace *e]s ! m9d1 ,heal? r5ovates ! frame4 ,disease & pleasure cease to m+le "h1 ,reason & passion cease to combat !re2 ,:il/ ea*1 unfett]$1 o'er ! ,e>? ext5ds ,its all-subdu+ en]gies1 & wields ,! sceptre ( a va/ dom9ion !re2 ,:il/ e %ape & mode ( matt] l5ds ,its =ce to ! omnipot5ce ( ,m9d1 ,:i* f its d>k m9e drags ! gem ( ,tru? ,to decorate its p>adise ( ,peace40 ,9 rapt vision ! prophet-poet apo/rophises ! 8,new ,e>?03 8,o happy ,e>?6 reality ( ,heav51 ,to :i* ^? re/less s\ls1 t ceaselessly ,?rong ?r\gh ! human univ]se1 aspire4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( pure/ spirits1 ?\ pure dwell+-place1 ,:]e c>e & sorr[1 impot5ce & crime1 ,languor1 disease1 & ignorance d>e n come4 ,o happy ,e>?6 reality ( ,heav54 ,g5ius has se5 !e 9 h] passionate dreams2 ,& dim =ebod+s ( ?y lovel9ess1 ,haunt+ ! human he>t1 h !re entw9$ ,^? root$ hopes ( "s sweet place ( bliss4 99 99 99 99 99 & ! s\ls ,t1 by ! pa?s ( an aspir+ *ange1 ,h rea*$ ?y hav5 ( p]petual ,peace1 ,!re re/ f ! et]nity ( toil1 ,t fram$ ! fabric ( ?y p]fectness40 ,f ! ,essay1 9 ! =m ( a note1 :i* he subjo9$ to ! passage we h quot$1 we extract ! pr9cipal argum5ts3-- 8,man1 & ! o!r animals :om he has afflict$ ) 8 malady or deprav$ by 8 dom9ion1 are alone diseas$4 ,! ,bison1 ! wild ,hog1 ! ,wolf1 are p]fectly exempt f malady1 & inv>iably die ei!r f ext]nal viol5ce or f mature old age4 ,b ! dome/ic ,hog1 ! ,%eep1 ! ,c[1 ! ,dog1 are subject to an incr$ible v>iety ( di/emp]s1 &1 l ! corruptors ( _! nature1 h physicians :o ?rive ^u _! mis]ies4 ,! sup]-em95ce ( man is1 l ,satan's1 ! sup]-em95ce ( pa92 & ! majority ( 8 species1 doom$ to p5ury1 disease1 & crime1 h reason to curse ! unt[>d ev5t t1 by enabl+ him to communicate 8 s5sations1 rais$ him above ! level ( 8 fell[-animals4 ,b ! /eps t h be5 tak5 are irrevocable4 ,! :ole ( human sci5ce is compris$ 9 "o "q3 ,h[ c ! advantages ( intellect & civilisation be reconcil$ ) ! lib]ty & pure pleasures ( natural life8 ,h[ c we take ! b5efits & reject ! evils ( ! sy/em :i* is n[ int]wov5 ) ! fibre ( our be+8 ,i believe t ab/95ce f animal food & spiritu\s liquors w\ld1 9 a great measure1 capacitate u = ! solution ( ?is important "q4 8,x is true t m5tal & bodily d]angem5ts are attributable1 9 "p1 to o!r deviations f rectitude & nature ?an ^? :i* conc]n diet4 ,! mi/akes *]i%$ by society respect+ ! connexion ( ! sexes1 :5ce ! mis]y & diseases ( unsatisfi$ celibacy1 un5joy$ pro/itution1 & ! premature arrival ( pub]ty1 necess>ily spr+4 ,! putrid atmosph]e ( cr[d$ cities1 ! exhalations ( *emical processes1 ! muffl+ ( our bodies 9 sup]flu\s app>el1 ! absurd treatm5t ( infants--all ^!1 & innum]able o!r causes1 contribute _! mite to ! mass ( human evil4 8,comp>ative ,anatomy tea*es u t man resembles ! frugivor\s animals 9 ev]y?+1 ! c>nivor\s 9 no?+4 ,he has nei!r claws :]e) to seize 8 prey1 nor di/9ct & po9t$ tee? to te> ! liv+ fibre4 ,a m&>9 ( ! fir/ class1 ) nails two in*es long1 w\ld probably f9d !m alone ineffici5t to hold ev5 a h>e4 ,aft] e subt]fuge ( gluttony1 ! bull mu/ be degrad$ into ! 8ox10 & ! ram into ! 8we!r10 by an unnatural & inhuman op]ation1 t ! flaccid fibre may (f] a fa9t] resi/ance to rebelli\s nature4 ,x is only by s(t5+ & disguis+ dead fle% by cul9>y prep>ation t x is r5d]$ susceptible ( ma/ication or dige/ion1 & t ! sight ( its bloody juice & raw horror does n excite loa?+ & disgu/4 8,let ! advocate ( animal food =ce himself to a decisive exp]im5t on its fitness1 &1 z ,plut>* recomm5ds1 te> a liv+ lamb ) 8 tee? &1 plung+ 8 head into its vitals1 slake 8 ?ir/ ) ! /ream+ blood4 ,:5 fre% f ?is de$ ( horror1 let him rev]t to ! irresi/ible in/9ct ( nature t w\ld rise 9 judgm5t aga9/ x & say1 #8,nature =m$ me = su* "w z ?is4' ,!n1 & !n only w\ld he be consi/5t4 8,man resembles no c>nivor\s animal4 ,!re is no exception1 unless man be "o1 to ! rule ( h]bivor\s animals hav+ cellulat$ colons4 8,! orang-outang p]fectly resembles man bo? 9 ! ord] & 9 ! numb] ( 8 tee?4 ,! orang-outang is ! mo/ an?ropomorph\s ( ! ape tribe1 all ( :om are /rictly frugivor\s4 ,!re is no o!r species ( animals1 :i* live on diff]5t food1 9 :i* ?is analogy exi/s4#bcg ,9 _m frugivor\s animals ! can9e tee? are m po9t$ & di/9ct ?an ^? ( man4 ,! resemblance also ( ! human /oma* to t ( ! orang-outang is great] ?an to t ( any o!r animal4 8,! /ructure ( ! human frame1 !n1 is t ( "o fitt$ to a pure vegetable diet 9 e ess5tial p>ticul>4 ,x is true t ! reluctance to ab/a9 f animal food1 9 ^? :o h be5 long accu/om$ to its /imulus1 is s great 9 "s p]sons ( weak m9ds z to be sc>cely ov]come4 ,b ?is is f> f br++ any argum5t 9 its fav\r4 ,a ,lamb1 :o 0 f$ = "s "t on fle% by a %ip's crew1 refus$ h] natural diet at ! end ( ! voyage4 ,!re are num]\s in/ances ( ,horses1 ,%eep1 ,ox51 & ev5 ,wood-,pigeons hav+ be5 taught to live ^u fle% until !y h loa!d _! natural alim5t4 ,"y *ildr5 evid5tly pref] pa/ry1 oranges1 apples1 & o!r fruit1 to ! fle% ( animals1 until1 by ! gradual depravation ( ! dige/ive organs1 ! free use ( vegetables has1 = a "t1 produc$ s]i\s inconv5i5ces--= a "t1 ,i say1 s9ce !re nev] 0 an in/ance :]e9 a *ange f spiritu\s liquors & animal food to vegetables & pure wat] has fail$ ultimately to invigorate ! body by r5d]+ its juices bl& & cons5tane\s1 & to re/ore to ! m9d t *e]fulness & ela/icity :i* n "o 9 fifty possesses on ! pres5t sy/em4 ,a love ( /rong liquors also is ) difficulty taught infants4 ,almo/ e "o rememb]s ! wry faces :i* ! fir/ glass ( port produc$4 ,unsophi/icat$ in/9ct is inv>iably un]r+1 b to decide on ! fitness ( animal food f ! p]v]t$ appetites :i* its cont9u$ adoption produces1 is to make ! crim9al a judge ( 8 own cause4 ,x is ev5 worse1 = x is appeal+ to ! infatuat$ drunk>d 9 a "q ( ! salubrity ( br&y4 8,except 9 *ildr51 !re rema9 no traces ( t in/9ct :i* det]m9es1 9 all o!r animals1 :at alim5t is natural or o!rwise2 & s p]fectly oblit]at$ are !y 9 ! reason+ adults ( our species1 t x has become necess>y to urge consid]ations drawn f comp>ative anatomy to prove t we are naturally frugivor\s4 8,crime is madness4 ,madness is disease4 ,:5ev] ! cause ( disease %all be discov]$1 ! root f :i* all vice & mis]y h s long ov]%ad[$ ! ,globe w be b>e to ! axe4 ,all ! ex]tions ( man1 f t mom5t1 may be consid]$ z t5d+ to ! cle> pr(it ( 8 species4 ,no sane m9d 9 a sane body resolves ^u real crime4444 ,! sy/em ( a simple diet promises no ,utopian advantages4 ,x is no m]e re=m ( legislation1 :il/ ! furi\s passions & evil prop5sities ( ! human he>t1 9 :i* x _h its orig91 are /ill unassuag$4 ,x /rikes at ! root ( all evil1 & is an exp]im5t :i* may be tri$ ) success1 n alone by nations1 b by small societies1 families1 & ev5 individuals4 ,9 no cases has a return to vegetable diet produc$ ! slighte/ injury2 9 mo/ x has be5 att5d$ ) *anges und5iably b5eficial4 ,%\ld ev] a physician be born ) ! g5ius ( ,locke1 ,i am p]suad$ t he might trace all bodily & m5tal d]angem5ts to our unnatural habits z cle>ly z t philosoph] has trac$ all k to s5sation4444 8,by all t is sacr$ 9 our hopes = ! human race1 ,i conjure ^? :o love happ9ess & tru? to give a fair trial to ! vegetable sy/em4 ,reason+ is surely sup]flu\s on a subject ^: m]its an exp]i5ce ( six mon?s w\ld set = ev] at re/4 ,b x is only among ! enlight5$ & b5evol5t t s great a sacrifice ( appetite & prejudice c be expect$1 ev5 ?\gh its ultimate excell5ce %\ld n admit ( dispute4 ,x is f\nd easi] by ! %ort-sight$ victims ( disease to palliate _! torm5ts by m$ic9e ?an to prev5t !m by regim54 ,! vulg> ( all ranks are inv>iably s5sual & indocile1 yet ,i _c b feel myself p]suad$ t :5 ! b5efits ( vegetable diet are ma!matically prov$2 :5 x is z cle> t ^? :o live naturally are exempt f premature dea? z t "o is n n9e1 ! mo/ sotti% ( mank9d w feel a pref]5ce t[>ds a long & tranquil1 contra/$ ) a %ort & pa9ful1 life4 ,on ! av]age1 out ( sixty p]sons f\r die 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,hopes are ent]ta9$ t1 9 ,april1 #ahad1 a /atem5t w be giv5 t sixty p]sons1 all hav+ liv$ m ?an ?ree ye>s on vegetables & pure wat]1 are !n 9 p]fect heal?4 ,m ?an two ye>s h n[ elaps$--n "o ( !m has di$4 ,no su* example w be f\nd 9 any sixty p]sons tak5 at r&om4 8,sev5te5 p]sons ( all ages 7! families ( ,dr4 ,lambe & ,mr4 ,newton7 h liv$ = sev5 ye>s on ?is diet )\t a dea?1 & almo/ )\t ! slighte/ illness4444 ,9 proportion to ! numb] ( proselytes1 s w be ! weight ( evid5ce1 & :5 a ?\s& p]sons c be produc$ liv+ on vegetables & di/ill$ wat]1#bch :o h to dread no disease b old age1 ! _w w be compell$ to reg>d fle% & f]m5t$ liquors z sl[ b c]ta9 poisons40 ,%elley next insi/s on ! incalculable b5efits ( a re=m$ diet economically1 socially1 & politically3-- 8,! monopolis+ eat] ( fle% w\ld no long] de/roy 8 con/itution by dev\r+ an acre at a meal2 & _m loaves ( bread w\ld cease to contribute to g\t1 madness1 & apoplexy1 9 ! %ape ( a p9t ( port] or a dram ( g91 :5 appeas+ ! long-protract$ fam9e ( ! h>d-work+ peasant's hungry babes4 ,! quantity ( nutriti\s vegetable matt] consum$ 9 fatt5+ ! c>case ( an ox w\ld af=d t5 times ! su/5ance1 undeprav$1 inde$1 & incapable ( g5]at+ disease1 if ga!r$ imm$iately f ! bosom ( ! e>?4 ,! mo/ f]tile di/ricts ( ! habitable globe are n[ actually cultivat$ by m5 = o!r animals1 at a delay & wa/e ( alim5t absolutely incapable ( calculation4 ,x is only ! weal?y t c1 to any great degree1 ev5 n[1 indulge ! unnatural crav+ = dead fle%1 & !y pay = ! great] lic5ce ( ! privilege by subjection to sup]num]>y diseases4 ,aga91 ! _s ( ! nation1 t %\ld take ! lead 9 ?is great re=m1 w\ld ins5sibly become agricultural4 8,! advantage ( a re=m 9 diet is obvi\sly great] ?an t ( any o!r4 ,x /rikes at ! root ( ! evil4 ,to rem$y ! abuses ( legislation1 be=e we annihilate ! prop5sities by :i* !y are produc$1 is to suppose t by tak+ away ! effect ! cause w cease to op]ate4444 8,let n too mu*1 h[ev]1 be expect$ f ?is sy/em4 ,! heal?ie/ among u is n exempt f h]$it>y disease4 ,! mo/ symmetrical1 a?letic1 & long-liv$ is a be+ inexpressibly inf]ior to :at he w\ld h be51 _h n ! unnatural habits ( 8 ance/ors accumulat$ = him a c]ta9 portion ( malady & de=mity4 ,9 ! mo/ p]fect specim5 ( civilis$ man1 some?+ is /ill f\nd want+ by ! physiological critic4 ,c a return to ,nature1 !n1 in/antane\sly eradicate pr$ispositions t h be5 sl[ly tak+ root 9 ! sil5ce ( innum]able ,ages8 ,und\bt$ly n4 ,all t ,i cont5d = is1 t f ! mom5t ( rel9qui%+ all unnatural habits no new disease is g5]at$2 & t ! pr$isposition to h]$it>y maladies gradually p]i%es = want ( its accu/om$ supply4 ,9 cases ( consumption1 canc]1 g\t1 a/hma1 & scr(ula1 su* is ! inv>iable t5d5cy ( a diet ( vegetables & pure wat]44440 ,he concludes ?is philosophic disc\rse ) an e>ne/ appeal to ! v>i\s classes ( society3-- 8,i address myself n to ! "y en?usia/ only1 to ! ard5t devotee ( tru? & virtue--! pure & passionate morali/1 yet unvitiat$ by ! contagion ( ! _w4 ,he w embrace a pure sy/em f its ab/ract tru?1 its beauty1 its simplicity1 & its promise ( wide-ext5d$ b5efit4 ,unless cu/om has turn$ poison into food1 he w hate ! brutal pleasures ( ! *ase by in/9ct4 ,x w be a contemplation full ( horror & disappo9tm5t to 8 m9d t be+s1 capable ( ! g5tle/ & mo/ admirable sympa?ies1 %\ld take delight 9 ! dea?pangs & la/ convulsions ( dy+ animals4 8,! eld]ly man1 ^: y\? has be5 poison$ by intemp]ance1 or :o has liv$ ) app>5t mod]ation1 & is afflict$ ) a v>iety ( pa9ful maladies1 w\ld f9d 8 acc\nt 9 a b5eficial *ange1 produc$ )\t ! risk ( poison\s m$ic9es4 ,! "m1 to :om ! p]petual re/lessness ( disease1 & unacc\ntable dea?s incid5t to h] *ildr51 are ! causes ( incurable unhapp9ess1 w\ld1 on ?is diet1 exp]i5ce ! satisfaction ( behold+ _! p]petual heal? & natural playfulness4#bci ,! mo/ valuable lives are daily de/roy$ by diseases t x is dang]\s to palliate1 & impossible to cure1 by m$ic9e4 ,h[ mu* long] w man cont9ue to pimp = ! gluttony ( ,dea?--8 mo/ insidi\s1 implacable1 & et]nal foe80 ,"s "t aft] ! melan*oly dea? ( 8 fir/ wife1 ,%elley m>ri$ ,m>y ,wol/oncr(t1 ! daught] ( ,william ,godw91 au?or ( ,political ,ju/ice--p]haps ! mo/ revolution>y ( all pleas = a *ange 9 ! con/itution ( society t has ev] proce$$ f a prosaic tradesman1 su* z1 9 ! ord9>y int]c\rse ( life & int]*ange ( ideas1 8 biography & correspond5ce 7lately publi%$7 prove him to h be54 ,h] "m 0 ! celebrat$ & e>lie/ advocate ( ! rights ( wom54 ,previ\sly1 ! lov]s _h travell$ ?r\gh ,france & "p ( ,g]many1 & an acc\nt ( _! six weeks' t\r 0 aft]w>ds pr9t$ by ,mrs4 ,%elley4 ,9 #ahae appe>$ 8 ,ala/or2 or ! ,_s ( ,solitude4 ,9 #ahag he aga9 left ,engl& = ,g5eva4 ,:ile 9 ,switz]l& he made ! acqua9tance ( ,byron1 :i* 0 r5ew$ dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,italy4 ,9 ! same ye> he return$ to ?is c\ntry &1 aft] a %ort soj\rn ) ,leigh ,hunt1 he settl$ at ,great ,m>l[1 "o ( ! mo/ picturesque p>ts ( ! ,?ames4 ,!re1 9 spite ( 8 own ill-heal?1 he %[$ ! active b5evol5ce ( 8 "*1 n only 9 ! easi] =m ( alms-giv+ b also 9 frequ5t visits to ! sick & de/itute1 at ! risk ( aggravat+ symptoms ( consumption n[ al>m+ly app>5t4 ,!re1 too1 he compos$ ! ,revolt ( ,islam1 or1 z x 0 orig9ally m fitly entitl$1 ,laon & ,cy?na4 ,9 ?is poem1 by ! m\? ( ,laone1 he aga9 expresses 8 humanit>ian convictions & sympa?ies4 ,%e calls ^u ! enfran*is$ nations3-- 8#8,my bre?r51 we are free6 ,! fruits are gl[+ ,b5ea? ! />s1 & ! night-w9ds are fl[+ ,o'er ! ripe corn2 ! ,birds & ,bea/s are dream+-- ,nev] aga9 may blood ( bird or bea/ ,/a9 ) 8 v5om\s /ream a human fea/1 ,to ! pure skies 9 accusation /eam+4 ,av5g+ poisons %all h ceas$ ,to fe$ disease1 & fe>1 & madness4 ,! dwell]s ( ! e>? & air ,%all ?rong ar\nd our /eps 9 gladness1 ,seek+ _! food or refuge !re4 ,our toil f ,?\ght all glori\s =ms %all cul4 ,to make ?is e>?1 our home1 m beautiful1 ,& ,sci5ce1 & h] si/] ,poesy1 ,%all clo! 9 light ! fields & cities ( ! ,free4 99 99 99 99 99 8,_! fea/ 0 su* z ,e>?1 ! g5]al ,"m1 ,p\rs f h] faire/ bosom1 :5 %e smiles ,9 ! embrace ( ,autumn--to ea* o!r ,z :5 "s p>5t fondly reconciles ,h] w>r+ *ildr51 %e _! wra? beguiles ,) h] own su/5ance2 !y1 rel5t+1 weep-- ,su* 0 ?is ,fe/ival1 :i*1 f _! isles1 ,& cont95ts1 & w9ds1 & oceans deep1 ,all %apes might ?rong to %>e1 t fly1 or walk1 or creep3 8,might %>e 9 peace & innoc5ce1 = gore1 ,or poison none ?is fe/al did pollute4 ,b1 pil$ on high1 an ov]fl[+ /ore ,( pomegranates1 & citrons--faire/ fruit1 ,melons1 & dates1 & figs1 & _m a root ,sweet & su/a9+1 & bright grapes1 ere yet ,accurs$ fire _! mild juice c\ld transmute ,into a mortal bane2 & br[n corn set ,9 baskets3 ) pure /reams _! ?ir/+ lips !y wet40#bdj ,:ile he 0 yet resid+ 9 ,m>l[1 ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte1 daught] ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7aft]w>ds ,george ,,iv417 di$2 &1 s9ce h] "* _h be5 9 /rong contra/ ) h] fa!r's & ) royal p]sons' 9 g5]al1 h] e>ly dea? seems to h caus$1 n only c]emonial m\rn+1 b also g5u9e regret among/ all 9 ! community hav+ any k ( h] exceptional amiability4 ,! poet seiz$ ! opportunity ( s public an ev5t1 & publi%$ ,an ,address to ! ,p on ! ,dea? ( ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte4 ,by ! ,h]mit ( ,m>l[1 9 :i* he inscrib$ ! motto--8,we pity ! plumage1 b =get ! dy+ bird40 ,9 ?is pamphlet1 :ile pay+ due tribute ( regret = ! dea? ( an amiable girl1 & fully appreciat+ ! sorr[ caus$ by dea? z well among ! de/itute & obscure 7) :om1 inde$1 ! too usual abs5ce ( ! c>e & sympa?y ( fri5ds int5sifies ! sorr[7 z among ! ri* & p[]ful1 he invit$1 9 /udi\sly mod]ate language1 att5tion to ! _m j reasons = national m\rn+ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! poor no less ?an ( pr9ces2 &1 9 p>ticul>1 invit$ ! nation to express its indignant grief = ! fate ( ! ,lanca%ire me*anics :o1 miss+ ! happi] fate ( _! bre?r5 slaught]$ at ,pet]loo1 7 subject$ to an ignom9i\s dea? by a gov]nm5t :i* _h1 by its neglect1 enc\rag$ ! gr[? ( a j discont5t4 ,9 #ahah ,%elley left ,engl& nev] to return4 ,at ?is "t 0 compos$ ! pr9cipal "p ( 8 ma/]piece--,prome!us ,unb\nd1 ! mo/ f9i%$ & c>efully execut$ ( all 8 poems4 ,:ile 9 ,rome 7#ahai7 he publi%$ ,! ,c5ci1 :i* _h be5 sugge/$ to him by ! fam\s picture ( ,guido1 until lately suppos$ to be t ( ,beatrice ,c5ci1 & by ! traditions1 curr5t ev5 9 ! poet's "t1 ( ! cruel fate ( 8 h]o9e4 ,%aksp]e's f\r great dramas except$1 ,! ,c5ci mu/ take rank z ! f9e/ tragic drama s9ce ! days ( ! ,greek ma/]s4 ,x is work$ up to a degree ( pa?os unsurpass$ by any?+ ( ! k9d 9 lit]ature4 8,! ,fif? ,act10 rem>ks ,mrs4 ,%elley1 8 editor & comm5tator1 8is a ma/]piece4 ,e "* has a voice t e*oes tru? 9 its tones40 ,! ,c5ci 0 foll[$ 9 quick succession by ! ,wit* ( ,atlas1 ,adonais 7an elegy on ! dea? ( ,keats71 ! mo/ exquisite 8,9 ,memoriam0--n except+ ,milton's or ,t5nyson's--ev] writt52 & ,hellas1 :i* 0 inspir$ by 8 /rong sympa?y ) ! ,greeks1 :o 7 !n engag$ 9 ! w> ( indep5d5ce4 ,( 8 less] productions1 ! ,ode to ! ,skyl>k is ( an inspiration seldom equall$ 9 its k9d4 ,) ! 8bly! _s10 :om he apo/rophises1 ! poet rises 9 rapt ec/asy 8high] /ill & high]40 ,= ! re/ ( 8 productions 7! ,lett]s f ,italy & criticisms or r eulogies on ,greek art h an especial int]e/7 & = ! o!r ev5ts 9 8 brief rema9+ exi/5ce we mu/ ref] our read]s to ! complete edition ( 8 works4#bda ,! la/ "w ^u :i* he 0 engag$ 0 8 ,triumph ( ,life1 a poem 9 ! t]za rima ( ! ,div9e ,com$y4 ,x breaks (f abruptly--x is peculi>ly int]e/+ to note--) ! significant words1 8,!n :at is ,life1 ,i cri$80 ,! mann] ( 8 dea? is well kn[n4 ,:ile engag$ 9 8 usual recreation ( boat+ he 0 dr[n$ 9 ! bay ( ,spezia4 ,8 body 0 wa%$ on to ! %ore &1 accord+ to regulations !n 9 =ce by ! ,italian gov]nm5ts ( ! day1 9 gu>d+ aga9/ possible infection f ! plague1 x 0 burn$ :]e x lay1 9 pres5ce ( 8 fri5ds ,byron & ,trelawney1 & ! a%es 7 entomb$ 9 ! ,prote/ant cemet]y 9 ,rome--a n unfitt+ disposal ( ! rema9s ( "o ! mo/ spiritualis$ ( human be+s4 ,! foll[+ j e/imate ( ! "* ( 8 g5ius & writ+s1 by a ?\ghtful critic1 is wor? reproduction "h3--8,no man 0 m ess5tially a poet--#8glanc+ f e>? to heav54' ,he 01 inde$1 #8( imag9ation all compact4' 444 ,9 all 8 poems he uni=mly d5\nces vice & immorality 9 e =m2 & 8 descriptions ( love1 :i* are num]\s1 are always ref9$ & delicate1 ) ev5 less ( s5su\sness ?an 9 _m ( our mo/ admir$ writ]s4 ,x is true t he decri$ m>riage1 b n 9 fav\r ( lib]t9ism2 & ! evils he depicts1 or lam5ts1 are ^? aris+ f ! indissolubility ( ! bond1 or f ! op9ions ( society z to its necessity--op9ions to :i* he himself submitt$ by m>ry+ ! woman to :om he 0 atta*$4444 ,8 reputation z a poet has gradually wid5$ s9ce 8 dea?1 & has n yet rea*$ its culm9at+ po9t4 ,he 0 ! poet ( ! future--( an ideal futurity--& h5ce x 0 t 8 own age c\ld n entirely sympa?ise ) him4 ,he has be5 call$ ! #8poet ( poets1' a pr\d title1 &1 9 "s respects1 des]v$40#bdb ,( 8 cre$1 ! article :i* he mo/ firmly held1 & :i*1 p]haps1 mo/ di/+ui%es him f ord9>y ?9k]s1 0 ! ,p]fectibility ( 8 species1 & 8 firm fai? 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ,good4 8,he believ$10 says ! "o au?ority :o _h ! be/ means ( kn[+ 8 ?\ght & feel+1 8t mank9d _h only to w t !re %\ld be no evil1 & !re w\ld be none4 ,x is n my "p 9 ^! notes to criticise ! argum5ts t h be5 urg$ aga9/ ?is op9ion1 b to m5tion ! fact t he ent]ta9$ x1 & 01 inde$1 atta*$ to x ) f]v5t en?usiasm4 ,t man c\ld be s p]fectionis$ z to be able to expel ,evil f 8 own nature1 & f ! great] "p ( ! _w1 0 ! c>d9al po9t ( 8 sy/em4 ,& ! subject he lik$ be/ to dwell ^u 0 ! image ( ,"o w>r+ ) an evil pr9ciple1 oppress$ n only by x b by all1 ev5 ! good1 :o 7 delud$ into consid]+ evil a necess>y portion ( humanity--a victim full ( gratitude & ( hope & ( ! _s ( triumph emanat+ f a reliance 9 ! ultimate omnipot5ce ( ,good40 ,su* 0 ! conviction :i* inspir$ 8 greate/ poem ,! ,prome!us ,unb\nd4 ,a pr9cipal *>m ( 8 poetry is t :i* repels ! common class ( read]s3 8,he lov$ to idealise reality1 & ?is is a task %>$ by few4 ,we are will+ to h our pass+ :ims exalt$ into passions1 = ?is gratifies our vanity4 ,b few ( u und]/& or sympa?ise ) ! endeav\r to ally ! love ( ab/ract beauty & adoration ( ab/ract ,good ) sympa?ies ) our own k9d40#bdc ,( s r>e a _s x is peculi>ly int]e/+ to "k some?+ ( ! outw>d =m3-- 8,8 features describes "o ( 8 biograph]s 7 n symmetrical--! m\?1 p]haps1 except$4 ,yet ! effect ( ! :ole 0 extremely p[]ful4 ,!y brea!d an animation1 a fire1 an en?usiasm1 a vivid & pret]natural intellig5ce1 t ,i nev] met ) 9 any o!r c\nt5ance4 ,nor 0 ! moral expression less beautiful ?an ! intellectual3 = !re 0 a s(tness1 a delicacy1 a g5tl5ess1 & especially 7?\gh ?is w surprise _m7 t air ( pr(\nd religi\s v5]ation t *>act]ises ! be/ works1 & *iefly ! frescoes1 ( ! great ,ma/]s ( ,flor5ce & ( ,rome4 8,8 eyes 7 blue1 unfa?omably d>k & lu/r\s4 ,8 hair 0 br[n3 b v e>ly 9 life x became grey1 :ile 8 unwr9kl$ face reta9$ to ! la/ a look ( wond]ful y\?4 ,x is admitt$ on all sides t no adequate picture 0 ev] pa9t$ ( him4 ,mulready is report$ to h said t he 0 too beautiful to pa9t4 ,& yet1 al?\gh s s+ul>ly lovely1 he ow$ less ( 8 *>m to regul>ity ( feature1 or to grace ( movem5t1 ?an to an indescribable p]sonal fasc9ation40 ,z to 8 voice1 impressions v>i$3-- 8,l all f9ely-temp]$ natures1 he vibrat$ 9 h>mony ) ! subjects ( 8 ?\ght4 ,excitem5t made 8 utt]ance %rill & %>p4 ,deep feel+1 or ! s5se ( beauty1 l[]$ its tone to ri*ness2 b ! timbre 0 always acute1 9 sympa?y ) 8 int5se temp]am5t4 ,all 0 ( "o piece 9 ,%elley's nature4 ,?is peculi> voice1 v>y+ f mom5t to mom5t1 & affect+ diff]5t s5sibilities 9 div]se ways1 corresponds to ! high-/rung passion ( 8 life1 8 f9$rawn & e!real fancies1 & ! cle> vibrations ( 8 palpitat+ v]se4 ,su* a voice1 f>-rea*+1 p5etrat+1 & une>?ly1 befitt$ "o :o liv$ 9 r>e/ e!r on ! topmo/ heights ( human ?\ght40#bdd ,if ! physical *>act]i/ics ( a great ,tea*] or ( a sublime ,g5ius excite a natural curiosity1 x is ! pr9cipal moral *>act]i/ics :i* mo/ reasonably & pr(\ndly int]e/ u4 ,to ! supremely amiable disposition ( ! creator ( ,! ,c5ci & ,prome!us ,unb\nd brief ref]5ce has be5 made2 & we %all fitly supplem5t ?is imp]fect sket* ( 8 humanit>ian c>e] ) ! vivid impressions left on ! m9d ( ! fri5d :o be/ knew him4 ,love ( tru? & hatr$ ( falsehood & inju/ice 7 n1 9 8 case1 limit$ to ! pages ( a book1 & =gott5 9 ! too (t5 dead5+ influ5ce ( int]c\rse ) ! _w--!y p]meat$ 8 :ole life & conv]sation4 8,! qualities t /ruck any "o newly introduc$ to ,%elley 71 fir/1 a g5tle & cordial goodness t animat$ 8 disc\rse ) w>m affection & helpful sympa?y2 ! o!r1 ! eag]ness & ard\r ) :i* he 0 atta*$ to ! cause ( human happ9ess & improvem5t1 & ! f]v5t eloqu5ce ) :i* he discuss$ su* subjects4 ,8 conv]sation 0 m>k$ by its happy abundance1 & ! beautiful language 9 :i* he clo!d 8 poetic ideas & philosophical notions4 ,to defecate life ( its mis]y & its evil 0 ! rul+ passion ( 8 s\l2 he d$icat$ to x e p[] ( 8 m9d1 e pulsation ( 8 he>t4 ,he look$ on political fre$om z ! direct ag5t to effect ! happ9ess ( mank9d2 & ?us any new-sprung hope ( lib]ty inspir$ a joy & ev5 exultation m int5se & wild ?an he c\ld h felt = any p]sonal advantage4 ,^? :o h nev] exp]i5c$ ! work+s ( passion on g5]al & unselfi% subjects _c und]/& ?is2 & x mu/ be difficult ( compreh5sion to ! y\ng] g5]ation ris+ ar\nd1 s9ce !y _c rememb] ! scorn & hatr$ ) :i* ! p>tisans ( re=m 7 reg>d$ "s few ye>s ago1 nor ! p]secution to :i* !y 7 expos$4 8,_m advantages att5d$ 8 bir?2 he spurn$ !m all :5 balanc$ ) :at he consid]$ 8 duties4 ,he 0 g5]\s to imprud5ce--devot$ to h]oism4 ,^! *>act]i/ics brea! ?r\gh\t 8 poetry4 ,! /ruggle = human weal2 ! resolution firm to m>tyrdom2 ! impetu\s pursuit2 ! glad triumph 9 good2 ! det]m9ation n to despair4444 ,p]fectly g5tle & =be>+ 9 mann]1 he suff]$ a great deal ( int]nal irritability1 or r excitem5t1 & 8 =titude to be> 0 almo/ always on ! /ret*2 & ?us1 dur+ a %ort life1 he _h gone ?r\gh m exp]i5ce ( s5sation ?an _m ^: exi/5ce is protract$4 #8,if ,i die to-morr[1' he said1 on ! eve ( unanticipat$ dea?1 #8,i h liv$ to be old] ?an my fa!r4' ,! weight ( ?\ght & feel+ burd5$ him heavily4 ,y read 8 suff]+s 9 8 att5uat$ frame1 :ile y p]ceiv$ ! ma/]y he held ov] !m 9 8 animat$ c\nt5ance & brilliant eyes4 8,he di$1 & ! _w %[$ no outw>d sigh2 b 8 influ5ce ov] mank9d1 ?\gh sl[ 9 gr[?1 is fa/ augm5t+2 & 9 ! ameliorations t h tak5 place 9 ! political /ate ( 8 c\ntry we may trace1 9 "p1 ! op]ation ( 8 ardu\s /ruggles4444 ,he di$1 & 8 place among ^? :o knew him intimately has nev] be5 fill$ up4 ,he walk$ beside !m l a _s ( good to com=t & b5efit--to enlight5 ! d>kness ( life ) irradiations ( g5ius1 to *e] ) 8 sympa?y & love40#bde 99 99 99 99 99 ,) ! "n ( ,%elley is usually connect$ t ( 8 m popul> contempor>y1 ,byron 7#aghh-ahbd74 ,! bro!r poets1 x already has be5 not$1 met 9 ,switz]l&2 &1 aft]w>ds1 !y _h "s int]c\rse 9 ,italy dur+ ,%elley's la/ ye>s4 ,except+ surpass+ g5ius1 & equal impati5ce ( conv5tional laws & usages !y _h little 9 common4 ,! "o 0 fir/ & above all a re=m]1 ! o!r a satiri/4 ,to ass]t1 h[ev]1 ! au?or ( ,*ilde ,h>old to h be5 inspir$ solely by cynical contempt = 8 species is unju/4 ,a l>ge "p ( 8 poems is p]vad$ app>5tly ) an int5se conviction ( ! evils ( life z produc$ by human selfi%ness & folly4 ,b :at di/+ui%es ! au?or ( ,prome!us ,unb\nd f 8 great rival 7if he may be s call$7 is ! sure & c]ta9 hope ( a future ( happ9ess = ! _w4 ,?us1 t belief 9 ! all-importance ( humane dietetics1 z a pr9cipal factor 9 ! production ( weal or woe on e>?1 is f> less app>5t 9 ,byron is matt] ( c\rse4 ,yet1 t 9 mom5ts ( bett] feel+1 ,byron revolt$ f ! gross mat]ialism ( ! banquets1 ( :i*1 z he expresses x1 ,engl& 8,0 wont to boa/--z if a ,glutton's tray ,7 some?+ v glori\s to behold40#bdf & t1 _h he n be5 s$uc$ by ! d9n]-giv+ prop5sity ( ,engli% society1 he w\ld h reta9$ 8 e>ly pref]5ce = ! ref9$ diet1 we are glad to believe4 ,9 a lett] to 8 "m1 writt5 9 8 e>ly y\?1 he ann\nces t he _h det]m9$ ^u rel9qui%m5t ( fle%-eat+1 & 8 cle>] m5tal p]ceptions 9 consequ5ce ( 8 re=m$ liv+2#bdg & he seems ev5 to h advanc$ to ! extreme frugality ( liv+1 at times1 ^u biscuits & wat] only4 ,x w\ld h be5 well = him _h he1 l ,%elley1 ab/a9$ f gross eat+ & dr9k+ ^u pr9ciple2 & _h he uni=mly adh]$ to ! resolution =m$ 9 8 e>li] ye>s1 we %\ld1 9 t case1 n h to lam5t 8 too notori\s sexual intemp]ance4 ,,xlii4 ,,phillips4 #agfg-ahdj4 ,x is an obvi\s tru?--9 va9 demon/rat$ sev5te5 c5turies s9ce by ! be/ moral tea*]s ( non-,*ri/ian antiquity--t abolition ( ! slaught]-h\se1 ) all ! cruel b>b>ism directly or indirectly associat$ ) x1 by a necess>y & logical coroll>y1 involves abolition ( e =m ( inju/ice & cruelty4 ,( ?is tru? ! subject ( ! pres5t article is a conspicu\s witness4 ,dur+ 8 long & active c>e]1 9 social & political z well z 9 lit]>y life1 ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips 0 a consi/5t philan?ropi/2 & few1 9 8 position ( influ5ce1 h surpass$ him 9 real b5efic5ce4 ,9 ! face ( rancor\s obloquy & opposition f t too num]\s proportion ( communities :i* sy/ematically resi/ all 8innovation0 & deviation f ! 8anci5t pa?s10 he fe>lessly ma9ta9$ ! cause ( ! oppress$2 &1 z a prison re=m]1 he claims a place second only to t ( ,h[>d4 ,( 8 life we h full] record ?an we h ( "s o!rs ( ! prophets ( dietetic re=mation4 ,yet !re is unc]ta9ty z to 8 bir?place4 ,"o acc\nt repres5ts him to h be5 born 9 ,london1 & to h be5 ! son ( a brew]4 ,ano!r /atem5t1 :i* appe>s to be m au!ntic1 reports 8 place ( bir? to h be5 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,leice/]1 & 8 fa!r to h be5 a f>m]4 ,:at is ( m p]man5t int]e/ is ! acc\nt pres]v$ ( ! reason ( 8 fir/ revolt f ! practice ( kreophagy4 ,dislik+ ! bus9ess ( f>m+1 x seems1 :ile yet q "y1 n )\t ! acquiesc5ce ( 8 p>5ts1 he _h adv5tur\sly s\ght 8 liv+1 on 8 own acc\nt1 9 ! metropolis4 ,:at1 if any1 plans _h be5 =m$ by him is n kn[n2 b x is c]ta9 t he soon f\nd himself 9 imm95t dang] ( />vation1 &1 aft] brief trial1 he gladly re-s\ght 8 home4 ,^u 8 return to ! f>m1 he f\nd await+ him ! welcome ( ! 8,prodigal ,son0--al?\gh1 happily1 he _h no j claim to ! title ( t well-kn[n "*4 ,a 8fatt$ calf0 0 kill$1 & ! boy %>$ 9 ! di% ) ! re/ ( ! family4 ,x 0 n until aft] ! fea/ t he le>n$ t ! slaught]$ calf _h be5 8 especial fav\rite & playmate4 ,s revolt+ to 8 ke5] s5sibility 0 ! consci\sness ( ?is fact1 t he regi/]$ a v[ nev] aga9 to live ^u ! products ( slaught]4 ,to ?is det]m9ation he adh]$ dur+ ! rema9d] ( 8 long life4#bdh ,8 next v5ture1 & fir/ *oice ( a pr(ession1 :ile he 0 /ill q "y1 l$ him to engage 9 tea*+4 ,z an adv]tisem5t he plac$ a flag at ! door ( a h\se 9 :i* he r5t$ a room1 :]e he gave elem5t>y in/ruction to su* *ildr5 z 7 entru/$ to 8 tuition by ! t[nspeople ( ,leice/]4 ,! exp]im5t prov$ n v successful1 & at ! end ( a twelvemon? he tri$ 8 =tune else:]e4 ,he next turn$ to comm]ce--at fir/ 9 a humble fa%ion4 ,8 bus9ess prosp]$1 & 8 next important und]tak+ 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( a newspap]--! ,leice/] ,h]ald4 ,?is j\rnal 0 :at is n[ call$ a 8,lib]al0 pap]4 ,yet by ^? :o affect$ to id5tify ! welf>e ( ,engl& ) ! cont9u$ exi/5ce ( rott5 bor\ghs & o!r corruptions1 x 0 held up to opprobrium z revolution>y & 8inc5di>y40 ,phillips himself _h ! reputation ( an able political writ]2 b ! *ief support ( ! j\rnal 0 ! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 ^: "n & contributions gave x a reputation x o!rwise might n h ga9$4 ,! responsible editor did n escape ! p]ils t !n environ$ ! d5\nc]s ( legal or social iniquity1 & ,phillips1 convict$ ( a 8misdemean\r10 0 s5t5c$ to ?ree ye>s' imprisonm5t 9 ! ,leice/] jail4 ,dur+ 8 imprisonm5t he display$ ! b5efic5ce ( 8 disposition 9 reliev+ ! mis]ies ( "s ( 8 m wret*$ companions4 ,^u 8 release1 he sold 8 int]e/ 9 ! ,leice/] ,h]ald1 & = "s "t conf9$ himself altoge!r to 8 bus9ess4 ,leav+ ,leice/] he migrat$ to ,london & set up a hosi]y e/abli%m5t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he soon conv]t$ into ! m cong5ial book%op4 ,x 0 ! success ( ! ,leice/] ,h]ald t1 probably1 l$ him to ?9k ( />t+ a new p]iodical4 ,^u consultation ) ,prie/ley & o!r fri5ds he 0 enc\rag$ to proce$1 & ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e 0 ! result4 ,x comm5c$ 9 ,july #agie & prov$ to be a mo/ decid$ success4 ,at fir/ conduct$ by ,prie/ley1 x 0 aft]w>ds p>tly "u ! editor%ip ( ,dr4 ,aik91 au?or ( ! ,c\ntry ,ar\nd ,man*e/]4 ,! proprietors %>$ 9 ! managem5t ( ! magaz9e1 b to :at ext5t x is difficult to asc]ta94 ,among/ ! contributors 0 8,pet] ,p9d>10 s well kn[n z ! au?or1 among/ o!r satirical rhymes1 ( ! v]ses ^u ,george ,,iii41 p]plex$ by ! celebrat$ 8apple dumpl+40 ,! mon?ly receipts f ! sale am\nt$ to #a1ejj4 ,a qu>rel ) ,aik9 0 foll[$ by ! resignation ( ! editor4 ,increase ( bus9ess soon l$ to a removal ( ! publi%+-h\se f ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d to a mu* l>g] e/abli%m5t 9 ,blackfri>s4 ,8 home 0 at ,hamp/ead :]e1 9 a beautiful neighb\rhood & 9 an elegant villa1 ! opul5t publi%] enjoy$ ! ref9$ pleasures :i* 8 human5ess ( liv+1 z well z b5efic5t indu/ry1 _h ju/ly des]v$4 ,at ?is "t he began a correspond5ce ) ,c4 ,j4 ,fox1 on ! subject ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,james ,,ii41 ^u :i* ! fam\s ,:ig /atesman 0 !n engag$4 ,f\r lett]s address$ to him by ,fox h be5 pr9t$1 b !y h no special importance4 ,he 0 already m>ri$1 & ! /ory ( 8 c\rt%ip has m ?an ! m]e gossip+ int]e/ ( ord9>y biography4 ,^u 8 fir/ arrival 9 ,london1 he _h tak5 lodg+s 9 ! h\se ( a mill9]4 ,"o ( h] assi/ants 0 a ,miss ,griffi?s1 a beautiful "y ,wel% girl1 :o1 le>n+ ! unconqu]able av]sion ( _! gue/ f ! common cul9>y b>b>ism1 _h amiably volunte]$ to prep>e 8 di%es on /rictly anti-kreophagi/ pr9ciples4 ,?is incid5t induc$ a sympa?y & fri5d%ip :i* spe$ily result$ 9 a proposal ( m>riage4 ,!y 7 a h&some pair2 & a some:at precipitate matrimonial alliance 0 foll[$ by _m ye>s ( unmix$ happ9ess = bo?4 ,9 #ahjg ! 8,liv]y0 ( ,london elect$ him to ! (fice ( ,high ,%]iff ( ! ,city & ,c\nty ( ,middlesex = ! ensu+ ye>4 ,?is responsible po/ put to ! pro( ! s9c]ity ( 8 pr(essions z a re=m]4 ,nor did he fail 9 ! trial4 ,dur+ 8 t]m ( p[] he effect$ _m improvem5ts 9 ! treatm5t ( ! real or pret5d$ crim9als :o1 z occupants ( ! jails1 came "u 8 jurisdiction4 ,no "o :o has read ,h[>d's ,/ate ( ! ,prisons1 publi%$ ?irty ye>s be=e ,phillips' entrance ^u 8 (fice1 or ev5 g5]al acc\nts ( !m1 ne$s to be told t !y 7 ! v nurs]ies ( disease1 vice1 mis]y1 & crime ( all k9ds--"o ( ! _m ev]la/+ disgraces ( ! gov]nm5ts & civilisation ( ! day4 ,nor _h !y be5 appreciably improv$ dur+ ! int]val ( ?irty ye>s4 ,! new ,%]iff daily visit$ ,newgate & ! ,fleet prisons &1 by p]sonal inquiry1 made himself acqua9t$ ) ! actual /ate ( ! occupants1 & 9 _m ways 0 able to ameliorate _! condition4 ,by 8 direction sev]al collect+ boxes 7 conspicu\sly display$1 & ! alms collect$ 7 appli$ to ! relief ( ! families ( de/itute debtors4 ,he fur!r insi/$ t p]sons1 ^: indictm5ts _h be5 ignor$ by ! gr& jury1 %\ld n be deta9$ 9 ! f\l & pe/il5tial atmosph]e1 z 0 !n ! case1 b %\ld be imm$iately releas$4 ,9 8 admirable ,lett] to ! ,liv]y ( ,london1 he beg9s ) an appeal to ! common s5tim5ts ( humanity :i* ought to h "s influ5ce ) ^? 9 au?ority4 ,he rem9ds 8 read]s t3-- 8,x is too mu* ! fa%ion to exclude feel+ f ! bus9ess ( public life1 & a total abs5ce ( x is consid]$ z a necess>y qualification 9 a public man4 ,among /atesm5 & politicians he is consid]$ z weak & incompet5t :o suff]s natural affection to h any influ5ce on 8 political calculations40 ,9 a note to ?is passage he adds3-- 8,x appe>s to me t political errors ( all k9ds arise1 9 a great degree1 f ! /udi$ bani%m5t ( feel+ f ! consid]ation ( /atesm54 ,reason+ frequ5tly fails u f a false e/imate ( ! premises on :i* our d$uctions are f\nd$4 ,b feel+1 :i*1 9 mo/ respects1 is synonym\s ) consci5ce1 is almo/ always "r4 ,/atesm5 are apt to view society z a ma*9e1 ! sev]al p>ts ( :i* mu/ be made by !m to p]=m _! respective functions = ! success ( ! :ole4 ,! comp>ison is (t5 made1 b ! analogy is n p]fect4 ,! p>ts ( ! social ma*9e are made up ( s5sitive be+s1 ea* ( :om 7?\gh 9 ! obscure/ situation7 is equal1 9 all ! affections ( our nature1 to ^? 9 ! mo/ conspicu\s places4 ,! h>mony & happ9ess ( ! :ole w dep5d on ! degree ( feel+ ex]cis$ by ! directors & prime mov]s40 ,aft] ?is prelim9>y exhortation1 he pres5ts to _! contemplation an appall+ revelation ( ! /upid cruelties ( ! crim9al law & its adm9i/ration4 ,he gives a graphic acc\nt ( ! jail ( ,newgate--bo? ( ! felons' & ! debtors' division4 ,! dim5sions ( ! entire build+ 7 #aje y>ds by #dj y>ds1 ( :i* only "o-f\r? "p 0 us$ by ! prison]s4 ,into ?is space 7 cr[d$ sometimes sev5 or eight hundr$1 nev] less ?an f\r or five hundr$1 human be+s ( bo? sexes & ( all ages4 8,felons0 & debtors seem to h f>$ pretty mu* ! same1 & fil?1 fev]1 & />vation prevail$ 9 all p>ts ( ! jail alike4 ,! wom5 prison]s he describes z press$ toge!r s closely z1 ^u ly+ d[n1 to leave no atom ( space betwe5 _! bodies4 ,z = ! results ( ?is neglect on ! "p ( ! ,/ate1 he f9ds x impossible to draw an adequate picture ( !m1 & is at a loss to imag9e h[ ! :ole city is n c>ri$ (f by a plague4 ,by p]sev]+ en]gy he obta9$ "s re=mation1 al?\gh he fail$ 9 8 proposal = a new build+4 ,z to ! individual occupants ( ^! pe/-h\ses1 he f\nd a l>ge numb] ^: (f5ces 7 comp>atively ( an innoc5t k9d1 b :o 7 h]d$ ) ! mo/ savage crim9als4 ,he esp\s$ ! cause ( sev]al ( ^! prison]s--especially ( ! wom5--:o1 aft] "s ye>s ( inc>c]ation1 7 frequ5tly drift$ (f to ,botany ,bay1 :i*1 besides its o!r t]rors1 0 = almo/ all ( !m a p]petual sep>ation f _! homes1 _! husb&s1 & families4 ,twice he va9ly address$ a memorial to ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate 7,"l ,hawkesbury7 on _! behalf4 ,! traditions & r\t9e ( (fice 7 too p[]ful ev5 = 8 p]si/5t en]gy4 ,romilly _h lately introduc$ 8 measure = am5dm5t ( ! b>b>\s & bloody p5al code ( ?is c\ntry4 ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips address$ to him also a ?\ghtful lett]1 9 :i* 7 po9t$ out "s ( ! m gl>+ abuses 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! laws1 ) :i* 8 (ficial exp]i5ce z ,high ,%]iff _h made him famili>4 ,:5 ,mansfield 0 ,"l ,*ief ,ju/ice1 & ,?url[ ,"l ,*ancellor1 ! hang+s 7 s num]\s t1 z he in=ms u1 on "o 8hang+ holiday0 he saw n9ete5 p]sons on ! gall[s1 ! elde/ ( :om 0 n tw5ty-two ye>s ( age4 ,! l>g] numb]1 probably1 _h be5 s5t5c$ to ?is b>b>\s dea? = !ft ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,?ree hundr$ ye>s _h pass$ away s9ce ! animadv]sions ( ,m 7be=e 8 accession to (fice7 9 ! ,utopia1 & "s half-c5tury s9ce ,becc>ia & ,voltaire _h prote/$ aga9/ ?is mon/r\s iniquity ( crim9al legislation1 )\t effect1 9 ,engl&1 at lea/4 ,z f> z _! contempor>ies & _! successors = long aft]w>ds 7 conc]n$ ^! philan?ropi/s _h writt5 :olly 9 va94 ,9 ! lett] to ,romilly ,phillips insi/s p>ticul>ly ^u ! foll[+ re=ms3 7#a7 ,no prison] to be plac$ 9 irons be=e trial4 7#b7 ,none to be d5i$ free access ( fri5ds or legal advis]s4 7#c7 ,none to be depriv$ ( adequate means ( subsi/5ce--#ad ounces ( bread !n be+ ! maximum ( all[ance ( food4 7#d7 ,e prison] to be dis*>g$ z soon z ! gr& jury %all h ?r[n out ! bill ( indictm5t4 7#e7 ,abolition ( paym5t to jailors by exactions =c$ f ! mo/ de/itute prison]s1 & ( v>i\s o!r exorbitant or illegal f9es & extortions4 7#f7 ,sep>ation ( lunatic f o!r occupants ( ! jails4 7#g7 ,t c\nsel be provid$ = ^? too poor to pay = !mselves4 ,9 #ahaa ,phillips publi%$ 8 ,treatise on ! ,p[]s & ,duties ( ,juries1 & on ! ,crim9al ,laws ( ,engl&4 ,?ree ye>s lat] ,gold5 ,rules = ,jurym51 :i* he aft]w>ds exp&$ into a book entitl$ ,gold5 ,rules ( ,social ,philosophy 7#ahbf71 9 :i* he lays d[n rules ( conduct = ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life--lawy]s1 cl]gym51 s*oolma/]s1 & o!rs be+ ! objects ( 8 admonitions4 ,x is 9 ?is "w t ! civic dignit>y--s 8spl5didly false0 to ! habits ( 8 class--sets =? at l5g? ! pr9ciples ^u :i* 8 unalt]able fai? 9 ! tru? ( humanit>ian dietetics 0 f\nd$4 ,! reasons ( ?is 8true confession0 are fully & p]spicu\sly specifi$1 & ! fir/ =ms ! key-note ( ! re/3--#bdi 8#a4 ,because1 be+ mortal himself1 & hold+ 8 life on ! same unc]ta9 & prec>i\s t5ure z all o!r s5sitive be+s1 he does n f9d himself ju/ifi$ by any suppos$ sup]iority or inequality ( condition 9 de/roy+ ! enjoym5t ( exi/5ce ( any o!r mortal1 except 9 ! necess>y def5ce ( 8 own life4 8#b4 ,because ! desire ( life is s p>am\nt1 & s affect+ly *]i%$ 9 all s5sitive be+s1 t he _c reconcile x to 8 feel+s to de/roy or become a volunt>y p>ty 9 ! de/ruction ( any innoc5t liv+ be+1 h[ev] mu* 9 8 p[]1 or app>5tly insignificant4 8#c4 ,because he feels ! same abhorr5ce f dev\r+ fle% 9 g5]al t he he>s c>nivor\s m5 express aga9/ eat+ human fle%1 or ! fle% ( ,horses1 ,dogs1 ,cats1 or o!r animals :i*1 9 "s c\ntries1 x is n cu/om>y = c>nivor\s m5 to dev\r4 8#d4 ,because ,nature seems to h made a sup]abundant provision = ! n\ri%m5t ( frugivor\s animals 9 ! sac*>9e matt] ( ,roots & ,fruits1 9 ! f>9ace\s matt] ( ,gra91 ,se$1 & ,pulse1 & 9 ! oleag9\s matt] ( ! ,/alks1 ,leaves1 & ,p]ic>ps ( num]\s vegetables4 8#e4 ,because he feels an utt] & unconqu]able repugnance aga9/ receiv+ into 8 /oma* ! fle% or juices ( deceas$ animal organisation4 8#f4 ,because ! de/ruction ( ! me*anical organisation ( vegetables inflicts no s5sible suff]+1 nor violates any moral feel+1 :ile vegetables s]ve to su/a9 8 heal?1 /r5g?1 & spirits above ^? ( mo/ c>nivor\s m54 8#g4 ,because dur+ ?irty ye>s ( rigid ab/95ce f ! fle% & juices ( deceas$ s5sitive be+s1 he f9ds t he has n suff]$ a day's s]i\s illness1 t 8 animal /r5g? & vig\r h be5 equal or sup]ior to t ( o!r m51 & t 8 m9d has be5 fully equal to num]\s %ocks :i* he has _h to enc\nt] f malice1 envy1 & v>i\s acts ( turpitude 9 8 fell[-m54 8#h4 ,because obs]v+ t c>nivor\s prop5sities among animals are accompani$ by a total want ( sympa!tic feel+s & g5tle s5tim5ts--z 9 ! ,hyna1 ! ,tig]1 ! ,vulture1 ! ,eagle1 ! ,crocodile1 & ! ,%>k--he conceives t ! practice ( ^! c>nivor\s tyrants af=ds no wor?y example = ! imitation or ju/ification ( rational1 reflect+1 & consci5ti\s be+s4 8#i4 ,because he obs]ves t c>nivor\s m51 unre/ra9$ by reflection or s5tim5t1 ev5 ref9e on ! mo/ cruel practices ( ! mo/ savage animals ( o!r species1 & apply _! res\rces ( m9d & art to prolong ! mis]ies ( ! victims ( _! appetites--ble$+1 sk9n+1 roa/+1 & boil+ animals alive1 & tortur+ !m )\t res]vation or remorse1 if !y !reby add to ! v>iety or ! delicacy ( _! c>nivor\s gluttony4 8#aj4 ,because ! natural s5tim5ts & sympa?ies ( human be+s1 9 reg>d to ! kill+ ( o!r animals1 are g5]ally s av]se f ! practice t few m5 or wom5 c\ld dev\r ! animals :om !y might be oblig$ !mselves to kill2 & yet !y =get1 or affect to =get1 ! liv+ ende>m5ts or dy+ suff]+s ( ! be+1 :ile !y are wanton+ ov] 8 rema9s4 8#aa4 ,because ! human /oma* appe>s to be naturally s av]se f receiv+ ! rema9s ( animals1 t few c\ld p>take ( !m if !y 7 n disguis$ & flav\r$ by cul9>y prep>ation2 yet rational be+s ought to feel t ! prep>$ sub/ances are n ! less :at !y truly are1 & t no disguise ( food1 9 itself loa?some1 ought to delude ! unsophi/icat$ p]ceptions ( a consid]ate m9d4 8#ab4 ,because ! =ty-sev5 millions ( acres 9 ,engl& & ,wales w\ld ma9ta9 9 abundance z _m human inhabitants1 if !y liv$ :olly on gra91 fruits1 & vegetables2 b !y su/a9 only twelve millions 9 #ahaa scantily1 :ile animal food is made ! basis ( human subsi/5ce4 8#ac4 ,because animals d n pres5t or conta9 ! sub/ance ( food 9 mass1 l vegetables2 e "p ( _! economy be+ subs]vi5t to _! m]e exi/5ce1 & _! entire frames be+ solely compos$ ( blood necess>y = life1 ( bones = /r5g?1 ( muscles = motion1 & ( n]ves = s5sation4 8#ad4 ,because ! practice ( kill+ & dev\r+ animals c be ju/ifi$ by no moral plea1 by no physical b5efit1 nor by any j allegation ( necessity 9 c\ntries :]e !re is abundance ( vegetable food1 & :]e ! arts ( g>d5+ & husb&ry are fav\r$ by social protection1 & by ! g5ial "* ( ! soil & climate4 8#ae4 ,because :]ev] ! numb] & ho/ility ( pr$atory l& animals might s t5d to prev5t ! cultivation ( vegetable food z to r5d] x necess>y to de/roy &1 p]haps1 to eat !m1 !re c\ld 9 t case exi/ no necessity = de/roy+ ! animat$ exi/5ces ( ! di/9ct elem5ts ( air & wat]2 &1 z 9 mo/ civilis$ c\ntries1 !re exi/ no l& animals besides ^? :i* are prop]ly br$ = slaught] or luxury1 ( c\rse ! de/ruction ( mammals & birds 9 su* c\ntries mu/ be ascrib$ ei!r to un?9k+ wantonness or to c>nivor\s gluttony4 8#af4 ,because ! /oma*s ( locomotive be+s appe> to h be5 provid$ = ! purpose ( convey+ ab\t ) ! mov+ animal nutritive sub/ances1 analog\s 9 effect to ! soil 9 :i* are fix$ ! roots ( plants &1 !re=e1 no?+ ought to be introduc$ into ! /oma* = dige/ion & = absorption by ! lacteals1 or roots ( ! animal sy/em1 b ! natural bases ( simple nutrition--z ! sac*>9e1 ! oleag9\s1 & ! f>9ace\s matt] ( ! vegetable k+dom40#bej ,p]haps 8 mo/ ent]ta9+ book is 8 ,morn+ ,walk f ,london to ,kew 7#ahag74 ,9 x he avails himself ( ! v>i\s objects on 8 road = in/ructive moralis+--z1 = example1 :5 he meets ) a mutilat$ soldi]1 on ! frightful wa/e & cruelty ( w>2 or ) a horse /ruggl+ up a precipit\s hill 9 agony ( suff]+ f ! torture ( ! be>+-re91 on ! common =ms ( selfi% cruelty2 or aga91 :5 he deplores ! incalculable wa/e ( food res\rces1 by ! c>eless indiff]5tism ( own]s ( l& & ( ! ,/ate 9 all[+ ! c\ntry to rema9 encumb]$ ) useless1 or comp>atively useless1 timb]1 9 place ( plant+ x ) valuable fruit trees ( v>i\s sorts accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil4 ,8 next publication ( importance 0 8 ,million ( ,facts & ,correct ,data & ,elem5t>y ,con/ants 9 ! entire ,circle ( ! ,sci5ces1 & on all ,subjects ( ,speculation & ,practice 7#ahcb7 #hvo4 ,x is ?is "w by :i*1 p]haps1 ,phillips is n[ mo/ kn[n--an imm5se collection &1 al?\gh _m ( ! 8,con/ants0 may be op5 to criticism or h already become obsolete1 x may /ill be exam9$ ) int]e/4 ,! plan ( ! "w is t ( a classifi$ collection ( scraps ( in=mation on all ! arts & sci5ces4 ,x 0 s popul> t five l>ge editions 7 publi%$ 9 sev5 ye>s4 ,8 preface to ! /]eotyp$ edition is dat$ #ahci4 ,he rem>ks t 88 pret5sions = su* a task are a prolong$ & un9t]rupt$ int]c\rse ) books & m5 ( lett]s4 ,he has1 = =ty-n9e ye>s1 be5 occupi$ z ! lit]>y conductor ( v>i\s public j\rnals ( reputation2 he has sup]9t5d$ ! press 9 ! pr9t+ ( _m hundr$ books 9 e bran* ( human pursuit1 & he has be5 intimately associat$ ) m5 celebrat$ = _! atta9m5ts 9 ea* ( !m40 ,9 ! facts conc]n+ anatomy & physiology w be f\nd ref]5ces to sci5tific & o!r au?orities ^u ! subject ( fle%-eat+4 ,occasionally we meet ) biographical facts ( special int]e/4 ,?us1 he says t1 e>ly 9 #ahbe1 he sugge/$ ! fir/ idea ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k to ,dr4 ,birkbeck & !n1 by 8 advice1 to ,"l ,br\gham4 ,8 idea 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( a fund = sell+ or giv+ away books & tracts1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,religi\s ,tract ,society4 ,z reg>ds 8 a/ronomic p>adoxes1 8 !ory1 9 opposition to ! ,newtonian1 t ! ph5om5a attribut$ to gravitation are1 9 reality1 ! 8proximate effects ( ! orbicul> & rotatory motions ( ! e>?0 7= :i* he 0 sev]ely criticis$ by ,pr(essor ,de ,morgan71 exhibits at lea/ ! v>i\s activity1 if n ! inv>iable infallibility1 ( 8 m5tal p[]s4 ,a "w ( equal int]e/ ) a ,million ( ,facts is 8 next compilation--,a ,diction>y ( ! ,arts ( ,life & ,civilisation 7#ahcc74 ,"u ! article ,diet he well rem>ks3-- 8,"s reg>d x z a purely egoti/ical "q :e!r m5 live on fle% or on vegetables4 ,b o!rs mix ) x moral feel+s t[>ds animals4 ,if !ory prescrib$ human fle%1 ! =m] p>ty w\ld lie 9 wait to dev\r _! bre?r52 b ! latt]1 reg>d+ ! value ( life to all t brea!1 consid] t1 ev5 9 a balance ( argum5t1 feel+s ( sympa?y ought to turn ! scale4444 ,we see all ! be/ animal & social qualities 9 m]e vegetable-fe$]s4444 ,bea/s ( prey are necess>ily solit>y & fe>ful1 ev5 ( "o ano!r4 ,physiologi/s1 !mselves c>nivor\s1 diff] on ! subject1 b !y nev] take into acc\nt moral consid]ations4 8,?\gh x is kn[n t ! ,h9dus & o!r ,ea/]n peoples live :olly on rice--t ! ,iri% & ,scot* peasantry subsi/ on potatoes & oatmeal--& t ! lab\r+ poor ( all c\ntries live on ! food1 ( :i* an acre yields "o hundr$ times m ?an ( fle%1 :ile !y enjoy unabat$ heal? & long life--yet an endless play ( sophi/ry is ma9ta9$ ab\t ! alleg$ necessity ( kill+ & dev\r+ animals4 8,at twelve ye>s ( age ! au?or ( ?is volume 0 /ruck ) su* horror 9 accid5tally see+ ! b>b>ities ( a ,london slaught]-h\se1 t s9ce t h\r he has nev] eat5 any?+ b vegetables4 ,he p]sev]$1 9 spite ( vulg> =ebod+s1 ) unabat$ vigor\s heal?2 & at sixty-six f9ds himself m able to und]go any fatigue ( m9d & body ?an any o!r p]son ( 8 age4 ,he quotes himself because ! case1 9 s c>nivor\s a c\ntry1 is uncommon--especially 9 ! grades ( society 9 :i* he has be5 accu/om$ to live4444 ,on pr9ciple he does n ab/a9 f any vegetable luxuries or f f]m5t$ liquors2 b any indulg5ce 9 ! latt] requires 7he ha/5s to add7 ! correction ( c>bonate ( soda4 ,he is always 9 bett] heal? :5 wat] is 8 sole bev]age2 & su* is ! case ) all :o h imitat$ 8 practice40#bea ,"u ! article 8,f>m+10 he obs]ves t 8a man :o eats #alb4 ( fle% eats ! exact equival5t ( #flbs4 ( :eat1 & #abhlbs4 ( potatoes40 ,t is1 t he1 9 su* proportion1 wa/es ! national res\rces ( a c\ntry4 ,! ,high ,%]iff1 on ! occasion ( "s petition to ! ,k+1 _h be5 knight$1 7to ! affect$ sc&al ( 8 political enemies1 :o1 app>5tly1 wi%$ to res]ve all titul> or o!r recognition = _! own p>ty71 & ! conspicu\s b5efic5ce ( 8 c>e]1 :ile 9 (fice1 _h ga9$ = him an hon\rable popul>ity4 ,b =tune1 s long fav\rable1 n[ = a "t %[$ itself adv]se4 ,9 #ahji 8 affairs became emb>rass$1 & rec\rse to ! bankruptcy c\rt inevitable4 ,happily 8 fri5ds aid$ him 9 sav+ f ! g5]al wreck ! copyright ( ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e4 ,its managem5t 0 a *ief occupation ( 8 rema9+ ye>s2 & 8 own contributions1 "u ! signature ( 8,common ,s5se10 attract$ m>k$ att5tion4 ,9 8 publi%+ c>e]1 ! mo/ curi\s incid5t 0 ! refusal ( ! ,,mss4 ( ,wav]ley4 ,! au?or's dem&s seem to h be5 9 excess ( ! value plac$ ^u ! novel by ! publi%]4 ,x _h be5 adv]tis$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance 7he tells u7 z ! production ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,scott4 ,! "n 0 !n )drawn1 & ! fam\s novel came be=e ! _w anonym\sly4 ,besides ! writ+s already notic$1 ,phillips compil$ or edit$ a l>ge numb] ( s*ool books4 ,he tells u t all ! elem5t>y books1 publi%$ "u ! names ( ,goldsmi?1 ,blair & o!rs1 7 8 own productions--betwe5 ! ye>s #agih & #ahae4 ,nor 0 8 m5tal activity conf9$ to lit]>y "w2 me*anical & sci5tific inv5tions l>gely occupi$ 8 att5tion4 ,to prev5t ! enorm\s exp5ses ( railway viaducts1 embankm5ts1 & removals ( /reets1 he propos$ susp5sion roads1 t5 feet above ! h\setops1 ) incl9$ planes ( #bj or #cj1 & /ation>y eng9es to assi/ ! rise & fall at ea* end4 ,cities1 he ma9ta9$1 might be trav]s$ 9 ?is way on "r l9es1 ) int]m$iate po9ts = asc5t & desc5t4 ,?is bold & +5i\s idea seems to be v l an anticipation ( ! elevat$ railways ( ,new ,york1 al?\gh ev5 ^! h n yet rea*$ ! height ,phillips ?\ght to be desirable4 ,he int]e/$ himself1 also1 9 /eam navigation4 ,:5 ,fulton 0 9 ,engl& he 0 9 frequ5t communication ) 8 ,engli% fri5d1 to :om he despat*$ a triumphant lett] on ! ev5+ ( 8 fir/ voyage on ! ,hudson4 ,?is lett]1 hav+ be5 %[n to ,e>l ,/anhope & "s em95t eng9e]s1 0 treat$ by !m ) d]ision z describ+ an impossibility4 ,sir ,r4 ,phillips !n adv]tis$ = a company1 to repeat on ! ,?ames :at _h become an accompli%$ fact on ! ,am]ican riv]s4 ,aft] exp5diture ( a l>ge sum ( money 9 adv]tis+ he obta9$ only two t5-p\nd conditional subscrib]s4 ,he !n pr9t$1 ) comm5dation1 ,fulton's lett]s 9 ! ,mon?ly ,magaz9e1 & 8 cr$ulity 0 almo/ univ]sally reprobat$4 ,x is wor? record+ t1 9 ! fir/ /eam voyage f ! ,clyde to ! ,?ames1 ,phillips1 ?ree ( 8 family1 & five or six o!rs1 7 ! only pass5g]s :o _h ! c\rage to te/ ! exp]im5t4 ,to allay ! public al>ms he publi%$ a lett] 9 ! newspap]s1 & be=e ! end ( t summ] he saw ! same packet set out on its voyage ) #cej pass5g]s4#beb ,9 #ahdj1 ! ye> foll[+ ! f9al edition ( 8 mo/ popul> book1 he di$ at ,brighton 9 ! sev5ty-?ird ye> ( 8 age4 ,dur+ 8 busy life if1 by 8 re=m+ en]gy1 he _h rais$ up "s bitt] enemies & detractors1 he _h made1 on ! o!r h&1 "s valuable fri5d%ips4 ,among/ ^!--n ! lea/ notewor?y--is 8 intimate fri5d%ip ) t mo/ humane-m9d$ lawy]1 ,"l ,ersk9e1 "o ( ^? :o h be/ adorn$ ! legal pr(ession 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,xliii4 ,,lam>t9e4 #agij-ahfi4 ,( ari/ocratic desc5t1 & educat$ at ! college ( ! 8,fa!rs ( ! ,fai?0 7,pres de la ,foi71 ,du ,prat--su* 0 ! "n ( 8 family--imbib$ 9 8 y\? pr9ciples v diff]5t f ^? ( 8 great lit]>y contempor>y ,mi*elet4 ,happily1 ,nature seems to h end[$ 8 "m ) a r>e ref9em5t & human5ess ( feel+2 & f h] example & in/ruction he d]iv$1 app>5tly1 ! g]ms ( ^? l(ti] ideas :i*1 9 matur] age1 *>act]ise a great "p ( 8 writ+s4 ,:ile ! fir/ ,napolon 0 /ill emp]or1 he ent]$ ! army1 f :i* he soon retir$ to employ 8 leisure 9 ! m cong5ial amusem5t ( travel4 ,9 #ahbj he fir/ came be=e ! _w z ! au?or ( ,mditations ,potiques1 ( :i*1 )9 f\r ye>s1 #de1jjj copies 7 sold1 & ! new poet 0 eag]ly welcom$ by ! p>ty ( ,reaction1 :o ?\ght to f9d 9 him a future successor to ! brilliant au?or ( ! ,gnie du ,*ri/ianisme1 ! lit]>y hope ( _! p>ty1 & ! *ampion ( ! ,*ur* & royalty--! political c\nt]balance to ,brang]1 ! poet ( ! ,revolution--= ,hugo _h n yet rais$ ! /&>d ( revolt4 ,yet ?is rem>kable volume ) ! greate/ difficulty f\nd its way into pr9t4 8,a "y man1 writes "o ( 8 biograph]s 8 heal? sc>cely re-e/abli%$ f a cruel malady1 8 face pale ) suff]+ & cov]$ ) a veil ( sadness1 ?r\gh :i* c\ld be read ! rec5t loss ( an ador$ be+1 w5t ab\t f publi%] to publi%]1 c>ry+ a small packet ( v]ses dy$ ) te>s4 ,ev]y:]e ! poetry & ! poet 7 politely b[$ out4 ,at l5g?1 a booksell]1 bett] advis$1 or s$uc$ by ! inf9ite grace ( ! "y poet1 decid$ to accept ! manuscript s (t5 reject$40 ,x 0 publi%$ )\t a "n & )\t recomm5dation4 ,! melan*oly beauty ( ! /yle1 & ! melody ( ! rhy?m1 c\ld n fail to attract sympa?y f read]s ( ta/e & feel+1 ev5 f ^? oppos$ to 8 political prejudices--8,a rhy?m ( a cele/ial melody1 v]se supple1 cad5c$1 & sonor\s1 :i* s(tly vibrates z an olian h>p sigh+ 9 ! ev5+ breeze40 ,its political1 r ?an its poetical1 recomm5dations1 we may presume1 ga9$ = ! writ] f ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,l\is ,,xviii4 a diplomatic po/ at ,flor5ce1 :i* he held until ! dyna/ic revolution ( #ahcj4 ,= "s %ort "t he act$ z secret>y to ! ,fr5* ,embassy 9 ,london1 & dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,engl& he made ! acqua9tance ( a ri* ,engli%woman1 :om he aft]w>ds m>ri$ at ,flor5ce4 ,a legacy ( valuable prop]ty f an uncle1 ^u ! condition ( 8 assum+ ! "n ( ,lam>t9e1 /ill fur!r enri*$ him4 ,9 #ahbi appe>$ ! collection ( ,h>monies ,potiques et ,rligieuses1 9 :i*1 z 9 all 8 poetry up to ?is "t1 "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features is 8 devotion to ,legitimacy & ! ,*ur*4 ,! r5v]sem5t ( #ahcj consid]ably modifi$ 8 political & ecclesia/ical ideas4 8,i wi%10 he decl>$ at ?is turn+-po9t 9 8 c>e]1 8to ent] ! ranks ( ! p2 to ?9k1 speak1 act1 & /ruggle ) !m40 ,"o ( ! fir/ pro(s ( 8 advanc$ op9ions 0 8 pamphlet advocat+ abolition ( 8capital0 puni%m5t4 ,he fail$ to obta9 a seat 9 ! ,*ambre des ,dputs ( ,l\is ,philippe1 :e!r 9 consequ5ce ( ?is advocacy or by reason ( 8 antec$5t politics4 ,8 en=c$ leisure he employ$ 9 travell+1 & 9 #ahcb1 ) 8 ,engli% wife & _! "y daught] ,juliette 7^: dea? at ,beyr\t caus$ him inconsolable grief71 he set sail = ! ,ea/ 9 a vessel equipp$ & arm$ at 8 own exp5se4 ,a n>rative ( ^! travels he publi%$ 9 8 ,voyage en ,ori5t 7#ahce74 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> appe>$ 8 ,jocelyn1 a poem ( *>m+ t5d]ness & eloqu5ce1 &1 9 #ahch1 ,la ,*ute d'un ,ange 78,! ,fall ( an ,angel071 9 :i* he1 = ! fir/ "t1 gives expression to 8 feel+ ( revolt f ! b>b>isms ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se4 ,9 ?is /rik+ly orig9al poem1 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( its k9d 9 any language1 ,lam>t9e discov]s to u t he no long] views human in/itutions1 ! cu/oms ( society1 & ! consecrat$ usages ( nations ?r\gh ! rose-col\r$ m$ium ( traditional prejudice4 ,x is p5etrat$ ) a deep consci\sness ( ! inju/ice & fals5ess ( a l>ge proportion ( ^? ?+s :i* are tol]at$1 & ev5 approv$1 "u ! sanction ( religi\s or social law1 & ) ard5t indignation aga9/ cruelty & selfi%ness4 ,9 ! frightful repres5tation ( ! practices ( ! e>ly tyrants ( ! _w sav$ f ! 8univ]sal deluge10 he all[s u to see 8 own feel+4 ,"o ( m humane race ?us addresses 8 *>m+ h]o9e ,dadha3-- 8,ces hommes1 p\r apais] leur faim1 ,n'ont pas assez des fruits que ,dieu mit s\s leur ma94 ,p> un crime env]s ,dieu dont frmit la ,nature1 ,ils dem&5t au sang une autre n\rriture4 ,dans leur cit fangeuse il c\le p> ruisseaux6 ,les cadavres y sont tals en monceaux4 ,ils tran5t p> les pi$s des fleurs de la prairie1 ,l'innoc5te brebis que leur ma9 a n\rrie1 ,et s\s l'il de l'agneau l'gorgeant sans remords1 ,ils sav\r5t ses *airs et viv5t de la mort6 99 99 99 99 99 ,de cruels alim5ts incessamm5t repus1 ,t\te piti s'efface en leurs curs corrompus4 ,et leur il1 qu'au =fait le =fait habitue1 ,aime le sang qui c\le et l'innoc5t qu'on tue4 ,ils aiguis5t le f] en fl*es1 en poign>d2 ,du mti] de tu] ils ont fait le gr& art3 ,le meurtre p> milli]s s'appelle une victoire1 ,c'e/ en lettres de sang que l'on crit la ,gloire40 ,f ! pages ( ! 8,primitive ,book10 :i* he imag9es to h be5 orig9ally deliv]$ to m51 _! h]mit-ho/ reads to ,dadha & h] cele/ial1 b inc>nate1 lov] ! true div9e revelation1 :i* is ?us sublimely prefac$3-- 8,hommes6 ne dites pas1 en adorant ces pages1 ,un ,dieu les crivit p> la ma9 de ses sages4 99 99 99 99 99 ,la langue qu'il crit *ante t]nellem5t-- ,ses lettres sont ces feux1 mondes du firmam5t ,et1 p> del ces cieux1 des lettres plus pr(ondes-- ,mondes t9celants voils p> d'autres mondes4 ,le seul livre div9 dans lequel il crit ,son nom t\j\rs croissant1 homme1 c'e/ ,ton ,esprit6 ,c'e/ ta ,raison1 miroir de la ,raison suprme1 ,o se pe9t dans ta nuit quelque ombre de lui-mme4 ,il v\s p>le1 ,mortel1 mais c'e/ p> ce seul s5s4 ,t\te b\*e de *air altre ses acc5ts40 ,9 pron\nc+ ! foll[+ code ( morality1 ! voice ( consci5ce & ( reason co9cides ) ! div9e voice 9 our he>ts3-- 8,tu ne lev]as po9t la ma9 contre ton frre3 ,et tu ne v]s]as aucun sang sur la t]re1 ,ni celui des huma9s1 ni celui des tr\peaux ,ni celui des animaux1 ni celui des oiseaux3 ,un cri s\rd dans ton cur df5d de le rp&re1 ,c> le sang e/ la vie1 et tu ne peux la r5dre4 ,tu ne te n\rriras qu'avec les pis blonds ,ondoyant comme l'onde aux flancs de tes vallons1 ,avec le riz croissant en roseaux sur tes rives-- ,table que *aque t r5\velle aux convives1 ,les rac9es1 les fruits sur la bran*e mris1 ,l'excdant des rayons p> l'abeille ptris1 ,et t\s ces dons du sol o la sve de vie ,vi5t s'(frir de soi-mme ta faim ass\vie4 ,la *air des ,animaux cri]ait comme un remord1 ,et la ,mort dans ton se9 eng5dr]ait la ,mort60 ,n only is ! human animal /]nly =bidd5 to imbrue 8 h&s 9 ! blood ( 8 innoc5t e>?-mates3 x is also enjo9$ ^u him to respect & cultivate _! undevelop$ intellig5ce & reason3-- 8,v\s f]ez alliance avec les #8brutes' mme3 ,c> ,dieu1 qui les cra1 veut que l'homme les aime4 ,d'intellig5ce et d'me1 diffr5ts degrs1 ,elles ont eu leur "p1 v\s la reconnatrez3 ,v\s livez dans leurs yeux1 d\teuse comme un rve1 ,l'aube de la raison qui comm5ce et se lve4 ,v\s n't\ff]ez pas cette vague cl>t1 ,prsage de lumire et d'immortalit3 ,v\s la respect]ez4 ,la *ane mille anneaux va de l'homme l'insecte3 ,que ce soit le premi]1 le d]ni]1 le milieu1 ,n'en insultez aucun1 c> t\s ti5n5t ,dieu60 ,f su* m rational e/imate %\ld foll[1 necess>ily1 j treatm5t3-- 8,ne les outragez pas p> des noms de colre3 ,que la v]ge et le f\et ne soi5t pas leur salaire4 ,p\r ass\vir p> eux vos brutaux apptits1 ,ne leur drobez pas le lait de leurs petits3 ,ne les en*anez pas s]viles et f>\*es3 ,avec des mors de f] ne brisez pas leurs b\*es ,ne les crasez pas s\s de trop l\rds f>deaux3 ,compr5ez leur nature1 ad\cissez leur sort3 ,le pacte entre eux et v\s1 hommes1 n'e/ pas la ,mort4 sa meilleure f9 faonnez *aque engeance1 ,prtez-leur un rayon de votre intellig5ce3 ,ad\cissez leurs murs en leur tant plus d\x1 ,soyez mdiateurs et juges entre eux t\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,le plus beau don de l'homme1 c'e/ la ,misricorde40 ,consi/5tly )1 & consequ5tly f1 su* j human relations ) ! l[] species are ! admonitions to break d[n ! walls ( p>tition betwe5 ! v>i\s human races1 & to ! prop] cultivation ( ! ,e>?1 ! common "m ( all3-- 8,v\s n'tablirez pas ces sp>ations ,en races1 en tribus1 peuples ou nations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v\s n'arra*]ez pas la bran*e avec le fruit3 ,gloire la ma9 qui sme1 honte la ma9 qui nuit6 ,v\s ne laiss]ez pas le t]re aride et nue1 ,c> vos pres p> ,dieu la tr\vr5t vtue4 ,que ceux qui pass]ont sur votre trace un j\r ,pass5t en bnissant leurs pres leur t\r4 ,v\s l'aim]ez d'am\r comme on aime sa mre1 ,v\s y possd]ez votre place phmre1 ,comme an soleil assis les hommes1 t\r t\r1 ,poss$nt le rayon tant que dure le j\r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p> un inconcevable et mat]nel my/re1 ,l'homme en la fatiguant f]tilise la ,t]re4 ,nulle b\*e ne s5t sa t5dresse t>ir3 ,t\t ce qu'elle a port1 son flanc peut le n\rrir4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v\s v\s assi/]ez dans t\tes vos misres1 ,v\s s]ez l'un l'autre enfants1 pres1 et mres3 ,le f>deau de *acun s]a celui de t\s1 ,la ,*>it s]a la ju/ice entre v\s4 ,votre ombre ombrag]a le passant1 votre pa9 ,re/]a sur le seuil p\r quiconque aura faim3 ,v\s laiss]ez t\j\rs quelques fruits sur la bran*e ,p\r que le voyageur v]s ses lvres la p5*e4 ,et v\s n'amass]ez jamais que p\r un temps1 ,c> la ,t]re p\r v\s g]me *aque pr9temps1 ,et ,dieu1 qui v]se l'onde et fait fleurir ses rives1 ,sait au fe/9 des *amps le nombre des convives4#bec ,x is h>dly necess>y to record t ,! ,fall ( an ,angel 0 f> f receiv+1 f ! _w ( fa%ion1 ! applause ( 8 e>li] & m conv5tional productions4 ,lam>t9e 0 /ill 9 ! ,ea/ 7we ref] to an e>li] p]iod71 :5 news ( 8 election to ! ,*ambre des ,deputs by a ,legitimi/ con/itu5cy br\ght him back to ,p>is4 ,among ! prom95t political lead]s ( ! day he figur$ 8z a progressive ,cons]vative1 /rongly bl5d+ rev]5ce = ! antique ) a k9d ( philosophical democracy4 ,he spoke frequ5tly on social & philan?ropic que/ions40 ,9 #ahch he became deputy = ,macon1 8 native t[n4 ,dur+ ! ,orleani/ rgime he refus$ to hold (fice1 pr(ess+ av]sion = ! 8vulg> utility0 ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,guizot & ! ,b\rgeois ,k+1 & 9 #ahde he op5ly jo9$ ! ,lib]al opposition4 ,8 ,hi/oire des ,girond9s 7#ahdg7 probably contribut$ to ! expulsion ( ! ,orleani/ dyna/y 9 ! next ye>4 ,9 ! sc5es ( ! ,revolution ( ,febru>y1 #ahdh1 he occupi$ a prom95t position z m$iator betwe5 ! two opposite p>ties2 & ! ret5tion ( ! tricol\r1 9 place ( ! ,r$ flag1 is attribut$ to 8 int]v5tion4 ,elect$ a memb] ( ! ,provisional ,gov]nm5t1 ,lam>t9e s]v$ z ,=eign ,m9i/] ( ! ,republic4 ,9 ?is capacity he publi%$ 8 well-kn[n ,manife/o l',europe4 ,b1 9 spite ( ! fact t t5 dep>tm5ts _h elect$ him z repres5tative 9 ! ,assemble ,con/ituante1 & t he 0 also made "o ( ! five memb]s ( ! ,executive ,commission1 8 popul>ity 0 %ort-liv$4 ,) all 81 app>5tly1 s9c]e sympa?y ) ! cause ( ! ,oppress$1 tradition>y associations & /rong family atta*m5ts 7suffici5tly manife/ 9 8 ,mmoirs7 imp$$ him 9 8 political c\rse2 & 8 compromis+ attitude provok$ ! di/ru/ ( m advanc$ political re=m]s4 ,9 competition ) ,l\is ,napolon & ,cavaignac1 he 0 nom9at$ = ! presid5cy2 b he receiv$ ! support ( few votes4 ,f ?is p]iod he )drew into private life & devot$ himself entirely to lit]ature4 ,8 ,hi/oire de la ,rvolution 7#ahdi71 ,hi/oire de la ,re/auration1 ,hi/oire de la ,russie1 ,hi/oire de la ,turquie1 ,raphael 7a n>rative ( 8 *ildhood & y\?7 ,confid5ces 7#ahdi-ahea71 a fur!r autobiography--"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all 8 prose productions--& v>i\s o!r writ+s1 mo/ ( !m appe>+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 9 ! p]iodicals ( ! day1 atte/$ ! activity & v]satility ( 8 g5ius4 ,he also = "s "t conduct$ a j\rnal--,conseill] du ,peuple4 ,9 #ahfj he collect$ 8 entire writ+s into =ty-"o volumes4 ,( !m 8 ,hi/oire des ,girond9s is1 probably1 ! mo/ widely kn[n4 ,b1 next to ,! ,fall ( an ,angel1 x is 8 own ,memoirs :i* w always h mo/ int]e/ & in/ruction = ^? :o "k h[ to appreciate true ref9em5t ( s\l1 &1 mak+ due d$uctions f political or tradition>y prejudice1 c disc]n ess5tial wor? ( m9d4 ,9 ,les ,confid5ces he all[s u to see ! natural s5sibility & sup]iority ( 8 disposition 9 8 deep repugnance to ! or?odox table--none ! less real because he seems1 unhappily1 to h deem$ himself =c$ to comply ) ! univ]sal or1 r1 fa%ionable b>b>ism4 ,writ+ ( 8 e>ly education1 he tells u3-- 8,physically x 0 d]iv$ 7dc\lait7 9 a l>ge measure f ,py?agoras & f ! ,emile4 ,?us x 0 bas$ ^u ! greate/ simplicity ( dress & ! mo/ rigor\s frugality ) reg>d to food4 ,my "m 0 conv9c$1 z ,i myself am1 t kill+ animals = ! sake ( n\ri%m5t f _! fle% & blood1 is "o ( ! infirmities ( our human condition2 t x is "o ( ^? curses impos$ ^u man ei!r by 8 fall1 or by ! obduracy ( 8 own p]v]sity4 ,%e believ$1 z ,i d /ill1 t ! habit ( h>d5+ ! he>t t[>ds ! mo/ g5tle animals1 our companions1 our helpmates1 our bro!rs 9 toil1 & ev5 9 affection1 on ?is e>?2 t ! slaught]+1 ! appetite = blood1 ! sight ( quiv]+ fle% are ! v ?+s to h ! effect 7sont faits p\r7 to brutalise & h>d5 ! in/9cts ( ! he>t4 ,%e believ$1 z ,i d /ill1 t su* n\ri%m5t1 al?\gh1 app>5tly1 mu* m succul5t & active 7n]gique7 conta9s )9 itself irritat+ & putrid pr9ciples :i* embitt] ! food & %ort5 ! days ( man4 8,to support ^! ideas %e w\ld in/ance ! numb]less ref9$ & pi\s p ( ,india :o ab/a9 f ev]y?+ t has _h life1 & ! h>dy1 robu/ pa/oral race1 & ev5 ! lab\r+ population ( our fields1 :o "w ! h>de/1 live ! longe/ & mo/ simply1 & :o d n eat meat t5 times 9 _! lives4 ,%e nev] all[$ me to eat x until ,i 0 ?r[n into ! r\gh-&-tumble 7ple-mle7 life ( ! public s*ools4 ,to wean me f ! lik+ = x %e us$ no argum5ts1 b avail$ h]self ( t in/9ct 9 u :i* reasons bett] ?an logic4 ,i _h a lamb1 :i* a peasant ( ,milly _h giv5 me1 & :i* ,i _h tra9$ to foll[ me ev]y:]e1 l ! mo/ atta*$ & fai?ful dog4 ,we lov$ ea* o!r ) t fir/ love 7premire passion7 :i* *ildr5 & "y animals naturally h = ea* o!r4 ,"o day ! cook said to my "m 9 my pres5ce 8,madame1 ! lamb is fat1 & ! but*] has come = x2 mu/ ,i give x him80 ,i scream$ & ?rew myself on ! lamb1 ask+ :at ! but*] w\ld d ) x1 & :at 0 a #8but*]4' ,! cook repli$ t he 0 a man :o ga9$ 8 liv+ by kill+ lambs1 %eep1 calves & c[s4 ,i c\ld n believe x4 ,i bes\ght my "m & readily obta9$ m]cy = my fav\rite4 ,a few days aft]w>ds my "m took me ) h] to ! t[n & l$ me1 z by *ance1 ?r\gh ! %ambles4 ,!re ,i saw m5 ) b>$ & blood-/a9$ arms fell+ a bullock4 ,o!rs 7 kill+ calves & %eep1 & cutt+ (f _! /ill palpitat+ limbs4 ,/reams ,( blood smok$ "h & !re ^u ! pavem5t4 ,i 0 seiz$ ) a pr(\nd pity1 m+l$ ) horror1 & ask$ to be tak5 away4 ,! idea ( ^! horrible & repulsive sc5es1 ! necess>y prelim9>ies ( ! di%es ,i saw s]v$ at table1 made me hold animal food 9 disgu/1 & but*]s 9 horror4 8,al?\gh ! necessity ( con=m+ to ! cu/oms ( society has s9ce made me eat :at o!rs eat1 ,i %all pres]ve a rational 7raisonne7 dislike to fle% di%es1 & ,i h always f\nd x difficult n to consid] ! trade ( a but*] almo/ on a p> ) t ( ! execution]4 ,i liv$1 !n1 till ,i 0 twelve on bread1 milk-products1 vegetables & fruit4 ,my heal? 0 n ! less robu/1 nor my gr[? ! less rapid2 & p]haps x is to t regim5 t ,i ow$ ! beauty ( feature1 ! exquisite s5sibility1 ! s]5e sweetness ( "* & temp] t ,i pres]v$ till t date40#bed ,"s ye>s be=e ! publication ( 8 ,fall ( an ,angel1 ,lam>t9e1 f ! height ( ! ,national ,tribune1 _h giv5 significant expression to ! feel+ ( all ! m ?\ghtful m9ds1 vague ?\gh x 01 ( ! urg5t ne$ ( "s new & bett] pr9ciple to inspire & gov]n human actions ?an any hi!rto tri$3-- 8,i see he exclaim$ m5 :o1 al>m$ by ! repeat$ %ocks ( our political commotions1 await f provid5ce a social revolution1 & look ar\nd !m = "s man1 a philosoph]1 to arise--a doctr9e :i* %all come to take viol5t possession ( ! gov]nm5t ( m9ds 7une doctr9e qui vi5ne s'emp>] violemm5t du g\v]nem5t des esprits71 & re9vigorate ! /agg]$ 7branl7 _w4 ,!y hope1 !y invoke1 !y look = ?is p[]1 :i* %all impose itself by inh]5t "r 7de son ple9 droit7 z ! ,arbitrator & ,supreme ,rul] ( ! ,future40 ,b a few ye>s e>li]1 9 ! same place1 a /ill m positive prote/--n ! less notewor?y because futile--0 he>d ^u ! occasion ( a discussion z to ! introduction into ,france ( =eign 8,cattle10 :5 "o ( ! ,deputies1 ,alex&re de ,laborde1 ma9ta9$ t fle%-meat is b an object ( luxury2 & 0 support$1 at lea/1 by "o or two o!r ?\ghtful deputies :o _h ! c\rage ( _! bett] convictions4 ,x des]ves to be not$ t :ile ! ,left seem$ n unfav\rable to ! human] feel+1 ! ,c5tre apa!tic1 & ! ,"r d]isively antagoni/ic1 ! m9i/] ( ! ,k+ 7,*>les ,x47 ?rew all ! weight ( 8 position into ! mat]iali/ic side ( ! scales4 ,?us ?is feeble & la/ public attempt 9 ,france to /op ! torr5t ( ,mat]ialism prov$ abortive4#bee ,,xliv4 ,,mi*elet4 #agig-ahgd4 ,! e>ly life ( ?is mo/ orig9al & eloqu5t ( ,fr5* hi/orians pass$ amid/ mu* h>d%ip & difficulty4 ,8 fa!r1 :o 0 a pr9t]1 _h be5 employ$ by ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,revolution p]iod 7#agij-agid71 & at ! political reaction1 a few ye>s lat]1 he f\nd himself r$uc$ to pov]ty4 ,f ! exp]i5ces ( 8 e>li] life ,jules ,mi*elet d\btless d]iv$ 8 contempt = ! common ri* & luxuriant mann] ( liv+4 ,until 8 sixte5? ye>1 fle%-meat =m$ no "p ( 8 food2 & 8 diet 0 ( ! scantie/ z well z simple/ k9d4 ,naturally s5sitive & contemplative1 & av]se f ! r\gh mann]s & petty tyranny ( 8 s*oolfell[s1 ! "y /ud5t f\nd companion%ip 9 a few *oice books1 ( :i* ,a',kempis' ,imitation ( ,*ri/ seems to h be5 at t "t "o ( ! mo/ read4 ,at ! ,sorbonne ,mi*elet c>ri$ away "s ( ! mo/ valu$ prizes1 :i* 7 conf]r$ ) all ! clat ( ! public aw>ds ( ! ,acadmie4 ,at ! age ( #bd1 hav+ graduat$ z doctor 9 philosophy1 he obta9$ ! *air ( ,hi/ory 9 ! ,roll9 ,college4 ,8 mann]1 orig9al & full ( en?usiasm1 ?\gh want+ (t5 9 me?od & accuracy1 possess$ an irresi/ible fasc9ation = 8 read]s2 & all1 :o _h ! privilege ( li/5+ to him1 7 *>m$ by 8 e>ne/ eloqu5ce4 ,8 fir/ pr9cipal "w 0 8 ,synopsis ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory 7#ahbg74 ,8 v]sion ( ! celebrat$ ,sci5za ,nuova ( ,vico1 ( :om he reg>d$ himself z ! especial disciple1 appe>$ soon aft]4 ,^u ! revolution ( ,july1 ,mi*elet receiv$ ! important po/ ( ,keep] ( ! ,ar*ives1 by :i* appo9tm5t he 0 enabl$ to prosecute 8 rese>*es 9 prep>ation = 8 magnum opus 9 hi/ory1 ,l',hi/oire de la ,france1 ! successive volumes ( :i* appe>$ at long int]vals4 ,x conta9s "s ( ! f9e/ passages 9 ,fr5* prose1 ! episode ( ,la ,pucelle d',orleans be+1 p]haps1 ! f9e/ ( all4 ,hav+ previ\sly held a pr(essor%ip 9 ! ,sorbonne 7( :i* he 0 depriv$ by ,guizot1 !n m9i/]71 he 0 aft]w>ds invit$ to fill ! *air ( ,hi/ory 9 ! ,collge de ,france4 ,9 #ahdg 8 advanc$ political views depriv$ him once m ( 8 pr(essorial po/ & income1 9 :i* ! ,revolution ( ! next ye>1 h[ev]1 re9/at$ him4 ,! c\p d'tat ( #ahea f9ally bani%$ him f public life--at lea/ z f> z tea*+ 0 conc]n$--= be+ too consci5ti\s to subscribe ! oa? ( allegiance to ! new ,empire4 ,mi*elet1 l an em95t writ] ( ! pres5t day1 ^u pr9ciple1 elect$ to be 8 own publi%]2 a fact :i*1 9 conjunction ) ! unpopul>ity ( 8 op9ions1 consid]ably less5$ ! sale & circulation ( 8 books2 &1 by ?is indep5d5cy ( action1 ! hi/orian 0 a pecuni>y los] to a great ext5t4 ,depriv$ ( ! means ( subsi/5ce by 8 consci5ti\sness1 he left ,p>is almo/ p5niless1 & s\ght an asylum successively 9 ! ,pyr5ees & on ! ,norm&y coa/4 ,9 #ahef appe>$ ! book ) :i* ! "n ( ,mi*elet w h]eaft] be mo/ wor?ily associat$--! "o :i* may be said to h be5 writt5 ) 8 he>t's blood4 ,t ! ta/e ( ! read+ _w 0 n entirely corrupt1 0 prov$ by ! rapid sale ( ?is ! mo/ popul> ( all 8 productions4 ,a new edition ( ,l',oiseau came f ! press ea* ye> = a long p]iod ( "t1 & x has be5 translat$ into v>i\s ,european languages4 ,h[ f> ! attractiv5ess ( ! book1 ?r\gh ! illu/rative g5ius ( ,giacomelli1 influ5c$ ! buy+ public2 h[ f> ! surpass+ m]its ( ! /yle & matt] ( ! "w--we w n /ay to det]m9e2 b x is c]ta9 t ,! ,bird at once e/abli%$ 8 popul>ity z a writ]1 & reliev$ 8 pecuni>y ne$s4 ,l',oiseau 0 foll[$ by sev]al o!r eloqu5t int]pretations ( ,nature4 ,b ! fir/--!re c be no "q ) p]sons ( ta/e--rema9s ! ma/]piece4 ,x is1 inde$1 unique 9 its k9d 9 lit]ature--by ! int5se sympa?y & love = ! subject :i* inspir$ ! writ]4 ,x is ! only book :i* treats ! ,bird z some?+ m ?an an object ( int]e/ to ! m]e classifi]1 to ! natural-hi/ory collector1 or to ! 8sportsman40 ,x consid]s ! w+$ tribes--^? ( ! non-raptorial k9ds--z possess$ ( a high intellig5ce1 ( a c]ta9 moral faculty1 ( devot$ mat]nal affection--( a s\l1 9 f9e4 ,( 8 rema9+ writ+s1 ,la ,bible de l',humanit 7#ahfc7 is "o ( ! mo/ notable1 *>act]i/ic z x is ( ! au?or's me?od ( treatm5t ( hi/orical & e?nographical subjects4 ,! calamities ( 8 native l& he s greatly lov$1 ?r\gh ! corrupt gov]nm5t :i* _h br\ght ^u x ! deva/ations ( a t]rible w>1 end+1 by a natural sequ5ce1 9 ! fe>ful /ruggle ( ! suff]+ prolet>iat1 deeply affect$ ! ag$ *ampion ( ! rights ( humanity4 ,almo/ brok5-he>t$1 he )drew f 8 accu/om$ haunts & w5t to ,switz]l&1 & aft]w>ds to ,italy4 ,he di$ at ,hyres1 9 #ahgd1 9 ! #gg? ye> ( 8 age4 ,a public fun]al1 att5d$ by great numb]s ( ! work+ classes1 await$ him 9 ! capital4 ,9 ! foll[+ passage ,mi*elet virtually subscribes to ! cre$ ( ,veget>ianism4 ,! sav+ clause1 9 :i* he seems to suppose ! diet ( blood to be impos$ ^u our species by ! 8cruel fatalities0 ( life1 x is pretty c]ta9 he w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to wi% to cancel1 _h he enjoy$ ! opportunity ( inve/igat+ ! sci5tific basis ( dietetic re=m3-- 8,!re is no selfi% & exclusive salvation4 ,man m]its 8 salvation only ?r\gh ! salvation ( all4 ,! animals bel[ u h also _! rights be=e ,god4 #8,animal life1 sombre my/]y6 ,imm5se _w ( ?\ghts & ( dumb suff]+s6 ,b signs too visible1 9 default ( language1 express ^? suff]+s4 ,all ,nature prote/s aga9/ ! b>b>ity ( man1 :o misappreh5ds1 :o humiliates1 :o tortures 8 inf]ior bre?r54' ,?is s5t5ce1 :i* ,i wrote 9 #ahdf1 has recurr$ to me v (t54 ,?is ye> 7#ahfc71 9 ,octob]1 ne> a solit>y sea1 9 ! la/ h\rs ( ! night1 :5 ! w9d1 ! wave 7 hu%$ 9 sil5ce1 ,i he>d ! voices ( our humble dome/ics4 ,f ! basem5t ( ! h\se1 & f ! obscure dep?s1 ^! voices ( captivity1 feeble & pla9tive1 rea*$ me & p5etrat$ me ) melan*oly--an impression ( no vague s5sibility1 b a s]i\s & positive "o4 8,! fur!r we advance 9 k1 ! m we appreh5d ! true mean+ ( realities1 ! m d we und]/& simple b v s]i\s matt]s :i* ! hurry 7entranem5t7 ( life makes u neglect4 ,life6 ,dea?6 ,! daily murd]1 :i* fe$+ ^u o!r animals implies--^? h>d & bitt] problems /]nly plac$ !mselves be=e my m9d4 ,mis]able contradiction6 ,let u hope t !re may be ano!r globe 9 :i* ! base1 ! cruel fatalities ( ?is may be sp>$ to u40#bef ,extoll+ ! great] respect ( ! ,h9dus = o!r life1 z exhibit$ 9 _! sacr$ scriptures1 ,mi*elet v9dicates ! pre-em95tly b5efic5t "* ( ! ,c[1 9 ,europe s ungratefully treat$ by ! recipi5ts ( h] b\nty3-- 8,let u "n fir/1 ) hon\r1 8 b5efic5t nurse--s hon\r$ & belov$ by him--! sacr$ ,c[1 :o furni%$ ! happy n\ri%m5t--fav\rable int]m$iate betwe5 insuffici5t h]bs & fle%1 :i* excites horror4 ,! ,c[1 ^: milk & butt] has be5 s long ! sacr$ (f]+4 ,%e alone support$ ! primitive p 9 ! long j\rney f ,bactria to ,india4 ,by h]1 9 face ( s _m ru9s & desolations--by ?is fruitful nurse1 :o unceas+ly r5ovates ! e>? = him1 he has liv$ & always lives40#beg ,9 8 ,bird he con/antly prea*es ! fai? t c remove m\nta9s--! fai? t reg>ds ! reg5]ation & pacification ( e>? z ! prop] de/9y ( our species3-- 8,! dev\t fai? :i* we *]i% at he>t1 & :i* we tea* 9 ^! pages1 is t man w peaceably subdue ! :ole e>?1 :5 he %all gradually p]ceive t e adopt$ be+1 accu/om$ to a dome/icat$ life1 or at lea/ to t degree ( fri5d%ip & companion%ip ( :i* 8 nature is susceptible1 w be a hundr$ times m useful to him ?an he c be ) 8 ?roat cut 7qu'il ne p\rrait l'tre gorg74 ,man w n be truly man until he %all lab\r s]i\sly = t :i* ! ,e>? expects f him--! pacification & h>moni\s union 7ralliem5t7 ( all liv+ ,nature4 ,hunt & make w> ^u ! lion & ! eagle if y w1 b n ^u ! ,weak & ,innoc5t40 ,?is ,mi*elet nev] we>ies ( repeat+1 & he returns aga9 & aga9 to a tru? :i* is scorn$ by ! mod]n self-seek+ & money-gett+1 z x 0 by ! fight+1 :olly b>b>\s1 _w3-- 8,conqu]ors h nev] fail$ to turn into d]ision ?is g5tl5ess1 ?is t5d]ness = animat$ ,nature4 ,! ,p]sians1 ! ,romans 9 ,egypt1 our ,europeans 9 ,india1 ! ,fr5* 9 ,alg]ia1 h (t5 outrag$ & /rick5 ^! innoc5t bro!rs ( man--! objects ( 8 anci5t rev]5ce4 ,cambyses slew ! sacr$ ,c[2 a ,roman ! ,ibis :o de/roy$ unclean reptiles4 ,b :at means ! ,c[8 ,! fecundity ( ! c\ntry4 ,& ! ,ibis8 ,its salubrity4 ,de/roy ^! animals1 & ! c\ntry is no long] habitable4 ,t :i* has sav$ ,india & ,egypt ?r\gh s _m mis=tunes & pres]v$ _! f]tility1 is nei!r ! ,nile nor ! ,ganges4 ,x is respect = o!r life1 ! mildness & ! comp>atively g5tle he>t ( man4 8,pr(\nd 9 mean+ 0 ! spee* ( ! ,prie/ ( ,sas to ! ,greek ,h]odotus--#8,y %all be *ildr5 always4' 8,we %all always be s--we m5 ( ! ,we/--subtle & graceful reason]s1 s long z we %all n h compreh5d$1 ) a simple & m exhau/ive view1 ! motive ( ?+s4 ,to be a *ild1 is to seize life only by p>tial glimpses4 ,to be a man is to be fully consci\s ( all its h>moni\s unity4 ,! *ild disports himself1 %att]s & de/roys2 he f9ds 8 happ9ess 9 undo+4 ,& sci5ce1 9 its *ildhood1 does ! same4 ,x _c /udy unless x kills4 ,! sole use :i* x makes ( a liv+ m9d1 is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to dissect x4 ,none c>ry into sci5tific pursuits t t5d] rev]5ce = life :i* ,nature rew>ds by unveil+ to u h] my/]ies40#beh ,l ,%elley1 he firmly believ$ 9 ! indef9ite amelioration ( our _w by ! ultimate triumph ( pr9ciples ( human5ess1 s t ! 8/+ ( dea?0 & ( pa9 might almo/1 if n entirely1 be remov$3-- ,to prev5t dea? is1 und\bt$ly1 impossible2 b we may prolong life4 ,we may ev5tually r5d] pa9 r>]1 less cruel1 & almo/ suppress x4 ,t ! h>d5$ old _w laughs at our expression is s mu* ! bett]4 ,we saw q su* a spectacle 9 ! days :5 our ,europe1 b>b>is$ by w>1 c5t]$ all m$ical art 9 surg]y1 & made ! knife its only means ( cure1 :ile "y ,am]ica discov]$ ! miracle ( t pr(\nd dream 9 :i* all pa9 is annihilat$4 ,he upbraids ! sportsman no less ?an he does ! sci5ti/1 & f9ds suffici5t cause = ! too g5]al /]ility ( ! intellect 9 ! habituation to slaught]1 & 9 disreg>d = ! subject species3-- 8,woe to ! ungrateful6 ,by ?is phrase ,i mean ! sport+ cr[d1 :o1 unm9dful ( ! num]\s b5efits we owe to o!r animals1 ext]m9ate innoc5t life4 ,a t]rible s5t5ce weighs ^u ! tribes ( #8sportsm5'--!y c create no?+4 ,!y orig9ate no art1 no indu/ry4 ,!y h add$ no?+ to ! h]$it>y patrimony ( ! human species4444 8,d n believe ! axiom1 t huntsm5 gradually develope into agriculturali/s4 ,x is n s--!y kill or die4 ,su* is _! :ole de/9y4 ,we see x cle>ly ?r\gh exp]i5ce4 ,he :o has kill$ w kill--he :o has creat$ w create4 8,9 ! want ( emotion1 :i* e man suff]s f 8 bir?1 ! *ild :o satisfies x habitually by murd]1 by a m9iature f]oci\s drama ( surprise & treason1 ( ! torture ( ! weak1 w f9d no great enjoym5t 9 ! g5tle & tranquil emotions aris+ f ! progressive success ( toil & /udy1 f ! limit$ indu/ry :i* does ev]y?+ itself4 ,to create1 to de/roy--^! are ! two raptures ( infancy4 ,to create is a long1 sl[ process2 to de/roy is quick & easy4 8,x is a %ock+ & hide\s ?+ to see a *ild p>tial to #8sport2' to see woman enjoy+ & admir+ murd]1 & enc\rag+ h] *ild4 ,t delicate & #8s5sitive' woman w\ld n give him a knife1 b %e gives him a gun4 ,kill at a di/ance if x pleases y1 = we d n see ! suff]+4 ,& ?is ,"m w ?9k x admirable t h] son1 kept conf9$ to 8 room1 w drive (f ennui by pluck+ ! w+s f flies1 by tortur+ a bird or a little dog4 8,f>-see+ "m6 ,%e w "k1 :5 too late1 ! evil ( hav+ =m$ a bad he>t4 ,ag$ & weak1 reject$ ( ! _w1 %e w exp]i5ce1 9 h] turn1 h] son's brutality4 8,among too _m *ildr5 we are sadd5$ by _! almo/ incr$ible /]ility4 ,a few recov] f x 9 ! long circle ( life1 :5 !y h become exp]i5c$ & enlight5$ m54 ,b ! fir/ fre%ness ( ! he>t8 ,x %all return no m40#bei ,al?\gh1 z has already be5 indicat$1 ,mi*elet evid5tly _h n exam9$ ! sci5tific basis ( akreophagy1 yet all 8 aspirations & all 8 sympa?ies1 x is also equally evid5t1 7 = ! bloodless diet4 ,) ,locke & ,r\sseau1 & _m o!rs be=e him1 he presses ^u mo!rs ! vital import ( n p]v]t+ ! e>ly pref]5ces ( _! *ildr5 = ! foods prescrib$ by unsophi/icat$ nature & _! own tru] in/9cts4 ,9 "o ( 8 books1 ! mo/ (t5 republi%$1 9 lay+ d[n rules = ! education ( "y girls1 he ?us writes3-- 8,purity1 above ev]y?+1 9 regim5 & n\ri%m5t4 ,:at are we to und]/& by ?is8 8,i und]/& by x t ! "y girl %\ld h ! prop] n\ri%m5t ( a *ild--t %e %\ld cont9ue ! mild1 tranquilis+1 unexcit+ regim5 ( milk2 t1 if %e eats at y\r table1 %e w be accu/om$ n to t\* ! di%es ^u x1 :i* = h]1 at lea/1 are poisons4 8,a revolution has tak5 place4 ,we h quitt$ ! m sob] ,fr5* regim51 & h adopt$ m & m ! co>se & bloody diet ( our neighb\rs1 appropriate to _! climate mu* m ?an to ours4 ,! wor/ ( x all is t we inflict ?is mann] ( liv+ ^u our *ildr54 ,/range spectacle6 ,to see a "m giv+ h] daught]1 :om b ye/]day %e 0 suckl+ at h] brea/1 ?is gross alim5t ( bloody meats1 & ! dang]\s excitant w9e6 ,%e is a/oni%$ to see h] viol5t1 caprici\s1 passionate2 b x is h]self :om %e ought to accuse z ! cause4 ,:at %e fails to p]ceive1 & yet :at is v grave1 is t ) ! ,fr5* race1 s precoci\s1 ! ar\s+ ( ! passions is s directly provok$ by ?is food4 ,f> f /r5g!n+1 x agitates1 x weak5s1 x unn]ves4 ,! "m ?9ks x f9e 7plaisant7 to h a *ild s pret]naturally mature4 ,all ?is comes f h]self4 ,unduly excitable1 %e wi%es h] *ild to be su* ano!r z %e1 & %e is1 )\t kn[+ x1 ! corruptress ( h] own daught]4 8,all ?is unnatural /imulation is ( no good to h]1 & is little bett] = y1 ,madame4 ,y h n ! he>t1 y say1 to eat any?+ 9 :i* %e has no %>e4 ,ah1 well6 ab/a9 y\rself1 or1 at all ev5ts1 mod]ate y\r indulg5ce 9 ?is food1 good1 possibly1 = ! h>d-work$ man1 b fatal 9 its consequ5ces to ! woman ( ease & leisure--regim5 :i* vulg>ises h]1 p]turbs h]1 r5d]s h] irritable1 or oppresses h] ) indige/ion4 8,= ! woman & ! *ild x is a grace--an amiable grace 7grce d'am\r7--to be1 above all ?+s1 frugivor\s--to avoid ! co>s5ess & f\lness 7ftidit7 ( fle%-meats1 & to live r ^u innoc5t foods1 :i* br+ dea? to no "o 7qui ne cot5t la mort p]sonne7--sweet n\ri%m5t :i* *>ms ! s5se ( smell z mu* z x does ! ta/e4 ,! real reason :y ! belov$ ones 9 no?+ inspire 9 u repugnance b1 9 comp>ison ) m51 seem e!real1 is1 9 a special mann]1 _! presum$ pref]5ce = h]bs & = fruits--= t purity ( regim5 :i* contributes n a little to t ( ! s\l1 & assimilates !m to ! innoc5cy ( ! fl[]s ( ! field40#bfj ,,xlv4 ,,c[h]d4 #agfc-ahaf4 ,9 any hi/ory ( ,veget>ianism x is impossible to omit record ( ! lives & lab\rs ( ! in/itutors ( a religi\s community :o1 9 e/abli%+ humane dietetics z an ess5tial condition ( memb]%ip1 may well claim ! hon\rable title ( religi\s re=m]s1 & to :om belongs ! s+ul> m]it ( be+ ! fir/ & only f\nd]s ( a ,*ri/ian *ur* :o h inculcat$ a true religion ( life z ! basis ( _! tea*+4 ,william ,c[h]d1 ! fir/ f\nd] ( ?is new conception ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i* assum$ ! "n ( ! 8,bible ,*ri/ian ,*ur*10 0 born at ,c>n=?1 ne> ,lonsdale1 9 #agfc4 ,8 fir/ appe>ance 9 public 0 z tea*] ( philology 9 a !ological college at ,bev]ley4 ,aft]w>ds1 com+ to ,man*e/]1 he act$ z curate to ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,cl[es1 :o1 :ile rema9+ a memb] ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 _h adopt$ ! !ological sy/em ( ,sw$5borg4 ,c[h]d atta*$ himself to ! same my/ic cre$1 & he is said to be "o ( ! few /ud5ts ( him :o h ev] read ?r\gh all ! ,lat9 writ+s ( ! ,sw$i% !ologian4 ,he soon resign$ 8 curacy1 & = a %ort "t he prea*$ 9 ! ,sw$5borgian temple 9 ,pet] ,/reet4 ,!re he seems n to h f\nd ! fre$om ( op9ion & bread? 9 tea*+ he _h expect$1 & he det]m9$ to propagate 8 own convictions1 indep5d5tly ( o!r au?ority4 ,9 ! ye> #ahjj he built1 at 8 own exp5se1 ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 9 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,sal=d--! fir/ meet+-place ( ! re=m$ *ur*4#bfa ,8 extraord9>y eloqu5ce & ability1 z well z e>ne/ness ( purpose1 quickly attract$ a l>ge audi5ce1 & may well h br\ght to recollection ! /yle & matt] ( ! great orator ( ,con/ant9ople ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,"o *>act]i/ic ( 8 ,*ur*--p]haps unique at t "t--0 ! non-appropriation ( sitt+s4 ,ano!r unfa%ionable op9ion held by him 0 ! ,paul9e "o ( ! obligation ^u ,*ri/ian prea*]s to ma9ta9 !mselves by "s 8secul>0 lab\r1 & he !re=e kept a bo>d+ s*ool1 :i* atta9$ ext5sive proportions4 ,9 ?is college "s zeal\s & able m51 :o aft]w>ds 7 orda9$ by him to c>ry on a truly b5efic5t m9i/ry1 assi/$ 9 ! "w ( tea*+1 ( :om ! names ( ,metcalfe1 ,cl>k1 & ,s*(ield are p>ticul>ly notewor?y4 ,foll[+ out ! pr9ciples ( _! ,ma/]1 two ( !m took degrees 9 m$ic9e1 & ga9$ _! liv+ by t pr(ession4 ,! ,pr9cipal himself built an in/itute1 connect$ ) 8 *ur* 9 ,hulme1 :]e1 m rec5tly1 ! late ,mr4 ,james ,gaskill presid$1 :o1 at 8 dea?1 left an end[m5t = its p]petuation z an educational e/abli%m5t4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #ahji t ,c[h]d =mally promulgat$1 z c>d9al doctr9es ( 8 sy/em1 ! pr9ciple ( ab/95ce f fle%-eat+1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 he seems to h d]iv$ f 8! m$ical argum5ts ( ,dr4 ,*eyne & ! humanit>ian s5tim5ts ( ,/4 ,pi]re40 ,he di$ n _m ye>s aft] ?is =mal decl>ation ( fai? & practice1 n )\t ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t able & e>ne/ disciples w\ld c>ry on ! great "w ( r5ovat+ ! religi\s s5tim5t = ! humanisation ( ! _w4 ,( ^? foll[]s n ! lea/ em95t 0 ,joseph ,bro!rton1 ! fir/ ,m4,p4 = ,sal=d1 ?an :i* bor\gh none has be5 m truly hon\r$ by ! *oice ( its legislative repres5tative4 ,a pr9t+ press _h be5 set up at ! ,in/itution1 &1 aft] ! dea? ( ! ,ma/]1 8 ,facts ,au!ntic 9 ,sci5ce & ,religion t[>ds a ,new ,f\ndation ( ! ,bible1 "u :i* title he _h collect$ ! mo/ v>i\s matt] illu/rative ( passages 9 ! ,bible1 & 9 def5ce ( 8 own int]pretation ( !m1 0 !re pr9t$4 ,x is1 z 8 biograph] has well describ$ x1 8a la/+ memorial ( 8 wide read+ & rese>*--travell]s1 lawy]s1 poets1 physicians1 all are press$ into 8 s]vice--! :ole "w =m+ a l>ge qu>to common-place book fill$ ) read+ z delightful z x is discursive4 ,"s ( 8 m9or writ+s h also be5 pr9t$4 ,he 01 besides 8 !ological erudition1 a practical *emi/ & a/ronom]1 & he caus$ ! dome ( ! *ur* 9 ,k+ ,/reet to be fitt$ up = ! jo9t purposes ( an obs]vatory & a laboratory4 ,8 microscope is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,peel ,p>k ,museum4 ,8 valuable libr>y1 :i* at "o "t 0 accessible to ! public on easy t]ms1 is n[ deposit$ 9 ! new ,bible ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ,cross ,lane4 ,! books collect$ exhibit ! /rong m9d :i* br\ght !m toge!r = its own uses4 ,?is libr>y is ! work%op 9 :i* he wr\ght out a new mode ( life & a new !ory ( doctr9e--) ^! in/rum5ts he m\ld$ m9ds l t ( ,bro!rton1 & s 8 influ5ce has work$ 9 _m unse5 *annels40 ,he di$ 9 #ahaf1 & is buri$ 9 front ( 8 *apel1 9 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,sal=d4#bfb ,,xlvi4 ,,metcalfe4 #aghh-ahfb4 ,among/ ! imm$iate disciples ( ! f\nd] ( ! new community1 ! mo/ active apo/le ( ! pr9ciples ( ,veget>ianism1 ,william ,metcalfe1 to :om ref]5ce has be5 already made1 claims p>ticul> notice4 ,born at ,orton 9 ,we/morel&1 aft] in/ruction 9 a classical s*ool kept by a philologi/ ( "s repute1 he began life z an acc\ntant at ,keighley1 9 ,york%ire4 ,8 leisure h\rs 7 devot$ to m5tal culture1 bo? 9 read+ & 9 poetic composition4 ,conv]t$ by ,c[h]d 9 #ahji1 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ ye> ( 8 age1 he ab&on$ ! fle% diet1 & rema9$ to ! end a firm believ] 9 ! tru?s ( 8,! ,p]fect ,way40 ,9 ! ye> foll[+ he m>ri$ ! daught] ( ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,wright :o 0 at ! head ( ! 8,new ,*ur*0 at ,keighley1 & :om he assi/$ z curate4 ,8 wife1 ( highly-cultur$ m9d1 equally ) himself 0 a p]si/5t foll[] ( ! re=m$ mode ( liv+4 ,%>+ ! exp]i5ces ( _m o!r diet>y re=m]s1 ! "y conv]ts enc\nt]$ mu* opposition f _! family & fri5ds1 :o attempt$ at "o mom5t ridicule1 at ano!r dissuasion1 by appeal+ to m$ical au?ority4 ,unmov$ f _! purpose1 !y cont9u$ un%ak5 9 _! convictions4 8,!y assur$ me10 he writes at a lat] p]iod1 8t ,i 0 rapidly s9k+ into a consumption1 & tri$ v>i\s o!r me?ods to induce me to return to ! cu/om>y dietetic habits ( society2 b _! ef=ts prov$ ineffectual4 ,"s pr$ict$ my dea? 9 ?ree or f\r mon?s2 & o!rs1 on he>+ me attempt to def5d my c\rse1 hesitat$ n to tell me ,i 0 c]ta9ly suff]+ f m5tal d]angem5t1 &1 if ,i cont9u$ to live )\t fle%-food mu* long]1 w\ld unque/ionably h to be %ut up 9 "s insane asylum4 ,all 0 unavail+4 ,in/ead ( s9k+ into consumption1 ,i ga9$ sev]al p\nds 9 weight dur+ ! fir/ few weeks ( my exp]im5t4 ,in/ead ( ?ree or f\r mon?s br++ me to ! sil5t grave1 !y br\ght me to ! matrimonial alt>4 8,%e 8 wife fully co9cid$ ) me 9 my views on vegetable diet1 &1 inde$1 on all o!r important po9ts 0 always ready to def5d !m to ! be/ ( h] ability--/udi$ to %[ our acqua9tances1 :5ev] !y paid u a visit1 t we c\ld live1 9 e rational enjoym5t1 )\t ! use ( fle% = food4 ,z %e 0 an excell5t cook1 we 7 nev] at a loss z to :at we %\ld eat4 ,we comm5c$ h\sekeep+ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahaj1 &1 f t date to ! pres5t "t1 we h nev] _h a p\nd ( fle%-meat 9 our dwell+1 h nev] patronis$ ei!r slaught]-h\ses or _s %ops4 8,:51 aga91 9 ! c\rse ( "t we 7 ab\t to be bless$ ) an addition to our family1 a r5ew$ ef=t 0 made4 ,we 7 assur$ x 0 impossible = my wife to get ?r\gh h] conf9em5t )\t "s m /r5g!n+ food4 ,fri5ds & physicians 7 alike decid$ ^u t po9t4 ,we 71 not)/&+1 unmov$ & fai?ful to our pr9ciples4 ,next we 7 told by our k9d advis]s t ! little /rang] c\ld n be suffici5tly n\ri%$ unless ! "m c\ld eat a little #8meat' once a day2 or1 if n t1 dr9k a p9t or half a p9t ( ale daily4 ,to bo? proposals my wife turn$ a deaf e>2 & bo? %e & ! *ild did exce$+ly well4#bfc ,x may be prop] to add "h rem>ks ! biograph]1 t ! #8little /rang]' above ref]r$ to is ! au?or ( ?is ,memoir1--t he is 9 ! fifty-six? ye> ( 8 age1 t he has nev] s mu* z ta/$ animal food1 nor us$ intoxicat+ dr9ks ( any k9d1 & t he is hale & he>ty40 ,^! exp]i5ces1 x is sc>cely necess>y to rem>k1 9 ! lives ( foll[]s ( re=m$ dietetics1 h be5 n seldom repeat$4 ,9 ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 in/itut$ by ,dr4 ,c[h]d1 ,metcalfe 0 invit$ to assume ! direction ( ! 8classical0 dep>tm5t 7#ahaa74 ,9 ! same ye> he took 8,ord]s10 &1 at ! solicitation ( ! secessioni/s f ! ,sw$5borgian ,communion 7:i*1 ) "s inconsi/5cy1 seems to h look$ ) indiff]5ce1 or ev5 dislike1 ^u ! pr9ciples ( akreophagy71 he (ficiat$ at ,ad+ham1 9 ,york%ire4 ,by ! volunt>y aid ( "o ( 8 admir]s a *ur* 0 built1 to :i* 0 add$ a commodi\s s*ool-room4 ,he !n resign$ 8 position "u ,dr4 ,c[h]d1 & op5$ a gramm> s*ool 9 ,ad+ham1 :]e he 0 well support$ by 8 fri5ds4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 h[ev]1 0 ! field to :i* he _h long be5 look+ z ! mo/ promis+ = ! mission "w to :i* he _h devot$ himself2 & 9 ?is hope he _h be5 su/a9$ by 8 ,ma/]4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahag a company ( =ty-"o p]sons1 memb]s ( ! ,bible ,*ri/ian community1 emb>k$ at ,liv]pool = ,philadelphia1 ,!y compris$ two cl]ics--,w4 ,metcalfe & ,jas4 ,cl>k--tw5ty o!r adults1 & n9ete5 *ildr54 ,( ?is b& only a "p 7 able to resi/ ! num]\s temptations to con=mity ) ! preval5t social practices2 & ! va/ di/ances :i* sep>at$ ! lead]s f _! foll[]s 7 almo/ an insup]able b> to sympa?y & union4 ,settl+ 9 ,philadelphia--= !m at lea/ a "n ( real significance--,metcalfe support$ 8 family by tea*+1 :ile p]=m+ ! duties ( 8 position z head ( ! fai?ful few :o =m$ 8 *ur*4 ,8 day-s*ool1 :i* 0 att5d$ by ! sons ( "s ( ! lead+ p ( ! city1 prov$ to be pecuni>ily successful until ! appe>ance ( yell[ fev] 9 ,philadelphia1 :i* broke up 8 e/abli%m5t & involv$ him 9 great difficulties2 = ^u 8 s*ool he dep5d$ entirely = 8 liv+4 ,he _h _m influ5tial fri5ds1 :o tempt$ him1 at ?is crisis ( 8 =tunes1 ) magnific5t promises ( support1 if only he w\ld des]t ! cause he _h at he>t--! propag&ism ( a religion bas$ ^u pr9ciples ( true temp]ance & active goodness4 ,bo? moral & physical sup]iority po9t$ him out z "o :o c\ld n fail to br+ hon\r to any und]tak+1 &1 _h he sacrific$ conviction to int]e/1 he might h greatly advanc$ 8 mat]ial prospects4 ,all su* s$uctions he firmly resi/$4 ,mean:ile1 ?r\gh ! pulpit1 ! s*oolroom1 &1 m widely1 ?r\gh ! newspap]s1 he scatt]$ ! se$s ( ! gospel ( ,humanity4 ,b ! _s ( intol]ance & p]secution1 ( self-seek+ religionism1 & ( rancor\s prejudice1 0 by no means ext9ct ev5 9 ! great republic1 & ! 7s-call$7 8religi\s0 press unit$ to d5\nce 8 humane tea*+ z well z 8 m lib]al !ology4 ,nor did "s ( 8 m unscrupul\s oppon5ts hesitate1 9 ! la/ resort1 to raise ! w>-cry ( 8infidel0 & 8sceptic40 ,^! assailants he treat$ ) contemptu\s sil5ce2 b ! pr9ciple ( moral dietetics he def5d$ 9 ! newspap]s ) ability & vig\r4 ,9 #ahba he publi%$ an essay on ,ab/95ce f ! ,fle% ( ,animals1 :i* 0 freely & ext5sively circulat$4 ,= sev]al ye>s 8 mission>y lab\rs appe> to h be5 unproductive4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcj he made two notable conv]ts--,dr4 ,sylve/] ,graham1 :o 0 at t "t engag$ z a 8temp]ance0 lectur]1 & 0 deep 9 ! /udy ( human physiology2 & ,dr4 ,w4 ,alcott4 ,five ye>s lat]1 ! ,moral ,re=m] 0 />t$ z a mon?ly p]iodical1 :i* aft]w>ds appe>$ "u ! title ( ! ,libr>y ( ,heal?4 ,9 #ahch-i ! ,graham ,j\rnal 0 also publi%$ 9 ,bo/on1 & sci5tific societies 7 organis$ 9 _m ( ! ,new ,engl& t[ns4 ,! ,bible 0 l>gely appeal$ to 9 ! controv]sy1 & a s]mon ( ,metcalfe's _h an ext5sive circulation ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,) all ?is controv]sy ^u 8 h&s1 he 0 f> f neglect+ 8 private duties1 &1 9 fact1 8 heal? 0 ov]-tax$ 9 ! close & con/ant "w 9 ! s*oolrooms1 ov]cr[d$ & ill-v5tilat$ z !y 74 ,9 ! day & night s*ool he 0 con/antly employ$1 dur+ "o half ( ! ye>1 f eight 9 ! morn+ until t5 at night2 & ,sunday br\ght him no remission ( lab\r4 ,9 ! propag&ism ( 8 pr9ciples ?r\gh ! press he 0 n idle4 ,! ,indep5d5t ,democrat1 &1 9 #ahch1 ! ,morn+ ,/>1 0 pr9t$ & publi%$ at 8 own (fice--by :i* latt] j\rnal1 9 spite ( ! promise ( support f political fri5ds1 he 0 a pecuni>y los] to a l>ge am\nt4 ,! ,temp]ance ,advocate1 also issu$ f 8 (fice1 _h no bett] success4 ,sev]al ye>s e>li]1 ab\t #ahbj1 x is int]e/+ to note1 he _h publi%$ a tract on ,! ,duty ( ,ab/95ce f all ,intoxicat+ ,dr9ks2 & ! f\nd] ( ! ,bible ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ,am]ica c claim ! m]it ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ sy/ematically to inculcate ?is social re=m4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdg ! ,veget>ian ,society ( ,great ,brita9 _h be5 f\nd$1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,james ,simpson _h be5 elect$ ! fir/ presid5t4 ,metcalfe imm$iately propos$ ! =mation ( a l society 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he correspond$ ) ,drs4 ,graham1 ,alcott1 & o!rs2 & f9ally an ,am]ican ,veget>ian ,conv5tion assembl$ 9 ,new ,york1 ,may #ae1 #ahej4 ,sev]al promot]s ( ! cause1 previ\sly unkn[n to ea* o!r 7except ?r\gh correspond5ce71 "h met4 ,metcalfe 0 elect$ presid5t ( ! ,conv5tion2 addresses 7 deliv]$1 & ! con/itution ( ! society det]m9$ ^u4 ,! ,society 0 organis$ by ! election ( ,dr4 ,william ,alcott z presid5t1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,metcalfe z correspond+ secret>y1 & ,dr4 ,trall z record+ secret>y4 ,an organ ( ! society 0 />t$ 9 ,novemb]1 #ahej1 "u ! title ( ,! ,am]ican ,veget>ian & ,heal? ,j\rnal1 & "u ! editor%ip ( ,metcalfe4 ,its regul> mon?ly publication1 h[ev]1 did n beg9 until #ahea4 ,9 t ye> he 0 select$ z delegate to ! ,engli% ,veget>ian ,society1 z well z delegate f ! ,p5nsylvania ,peace ,society to ! 8,_w's ,peace ,conv5tion10 :i* 0 fondly suppos$ to be ab\t to be inaugurat$ by ! ,univ]sal ,exhibition ( t ye>4 ,! proce$+s at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,veget>ian ,society ( ,great ,brita91 & ! eloqu5t address1 among/ o!rs1 ( ! ,am]ican repres5tative1 are fully record$ 9 ! ,veget>ian ,mess5g] = #aheb4 ,on ?is occasion ,joseph ,bro!rton1 ,m4,p4 presid$4 ,two ye>s lat] he suff]$ ! irrep>able loss ( ! sympa?is+ %>] 9 8 hopes = ! reg5]ation ( ! _w4 ,mrs4 ,metcalfe di$ 9 ! sev5ty-f\r? ye> ( h] age1 hav+ be51 dur+ =ty-f\r ye>s1 a /rict ab/95t4 ,h] loss 0 m\rn$ by ! entire ,veget>ian community4 ,by f> ! l>g] "p ( ! matt]1 z well z ! exp5ses ( publication1 ( ! ,am]ican ,veget>ian1 0 suppli$ by ! editor1 &1 be+ inadequately support$ by ! re/ ( ! community1 ! manag]s 7 =c$ to ab&on its fur!r publication4 ,! la/ volume appe>$ 9 #ahed4 ,x has be5 succe$$ 9 lat] times1 "u happi] circum/ances1 by ! ,heal? ,re=m] :i* is /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 #ahee ,metcalfe receiv$ an invitation to und]take ! duties atta*$ to ! "m *ur* at ,sal=d4 ,leav+ 8 bro!r-9-law 9 *>ge ( ! *ur* 9 ,philadelphia1 he emb>k$ = ,engl& once m1 & ! mo/ memorable ev5t1 dur+ 8 /ay 9 ?is c\ntry1 0 ! deeply & s9c]ely lam5t$ dea? ( ,joseph ,bro!rton1 :o = tw5ty ye>s _h repres5t$ ,sal=d 9 ! ,legislature1 & ^: true b5evol5ce _h ende>$ him to ! :ole community4 ,metcalfe 0 *os5 to prea* ! fun]al eulogy1 :i* 0 li/5$ to by a l>ge numb] ( ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t & municipal (fic]s1 & by an imm5se conc\rse ( private citiz5s4 ,return+ to ,am]ica soon aft]w>ds1 at ! urg5t reque/ ( 8 fri5ds 9 ,philadelphia1 he 01 9 #ahei1 elect$ to fill ! place ( ,presid5t vacat$ by ,dr4 ,alcott1 ^: virtues & lab\rs 9 ! cause he commemorat$ 9 a j eulogy4 ,8 own dea? took place 9 ! ye> #ahfb1 9 ! sev5ty-fif? ye> ( 8 age1 caus$ by hemorrhage ( ! lungs1 d\btless ! effect ( excessive "w4 ,8 end1 l 8 :ole int]ior if n ext]ior life1 01 9 ! be/ mean+ ( a too conv5tional expression1 full ( peace & ( hope4 ,8 be/ panegyric is to be f\nd 9 8 life-"w2 &1 z ! fir/ :o sy/ematically taught ! tru?s ( re=m$ dietetics 9 ! 8,new ,_w10 he has des]v$ ! unceas+ gratitude ( all s9c]e re=m]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 &1 inde$1 ?r\gh\t ! globe4 ,by all :o knew him p]sonally he 0 z mu* lov$ z he 0 e/eem$1 & ! newspap]s ( ! day bore witness to ! g5]al lam5tation = 8 loss4#bfd ,,xlvii4 ,,graham4 #agid-ahea4 ,z an expon5t ( ! physiological basis ( ! ,veget>ian !ory ( diet1 9 ! mo/ elaborate m9ut5ess1 ! au?or ( ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,life has always _h great repute among/ food re=m]s bo? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,collat]ally connect$ ) ! ducal h\se ( ,montrose1 8 fa!r1 a graduate ( ,ox=d1 emigrat$ to ,bo/on1 ,u4,s41 9 ! ye> #agah4 ,he mu/ h atta9$ an advanc$ age :5 8 sev5te5? *ild1 ,sylve/]1 0 born at ,suffield1 9 ,connecticut4 ,yet he seems to h be5 ( a naturally dyspeptic & some:at feeble con/itution1 :i* 0 inh]it$ by 8 son1 ^: life1 9 fact1 0 pres]v$ only by ! me?od recomm5d$ by ,locke--free exposure 9 ! op5 air4 ,dur+ sev]al ye>s he liv$ ) an uncle1 on ^: f>m he 0 made to "w ) ! lab\r]s4 ,9 8 twelf? ye> he 0 s5t to a s*ool 9 ,new ,york1 & at f\rte5 he 0 set = a %ort "t to le>n ! trade ( pap]-mak+4 8,he is describ$ z h&some1 clev]1 & imag9ative4 #8,i _h he>d1' he says1 #8( noble de$s1 & long$ to foll[ 9 ! field ( fame4' ,ill heal? soon oblig$ 8 return to ! c\ntry1 & at sixte5 symptoms ( consumption appe>$4 ,v>i\s occupations 7 tri$ until ! "t1 :5 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age1 he comm5c$ z a tea*] ( y\?1 prov+ highly successful ) 8 pupils4 ,aga9 ill-heal? oblig$ ! ab&onm5t ( ?is pursuit40#bfe ,at ! age ( ?irty-two he m>ri$1 & soon aft] became a prea*] 9 ! ,presbyt]ian ,*ur*4 ,deeply int]e/$ 9 ! "q ( 8,temp]ance10 he 0 invit$ to lecture = t cause by ! ,p5nsylvania ,society 7#ahcj74 ,he n[ began ! /udy ( physiology & comp>ative anatomy1 9 :i* 8 int]e/ 0 unremitt+4 ,^! important sci5ces 7 us$ to good effect 9 8 future dietetic crusade4 ,at ?is "t he came 9 contact ) ,metcalfe1 by :om he 0 confirm$ 91 if n 9 ! fir/ in/ance conv]t$ to1 ! pr9ciples ( radical diet>y re=m4 8,he 0 soon l$ to believe t no p]man5t cure = intemp]ance c\ld be f\nd1 except 9 su* *ange ( p]sonal & social cu/oms z w\ld relieve ! human be+ f all desire = /imulants4 ,?is idea he soon appli$ to m$ic9e1 s t ! prev5tion & cure ( disease1 z well z ! rem$y = intemp]ance1 7 se5 to consi/ ma9ly 9 ! adoption ( correct habits ( liv+1 & ! judici\s adaptation ( hygi5ic ag5cies4 ,^! ideas 7 elaborat$ 9 an ,essay on ! ,*ol]a 7#ahcb71 & a c\rse ( lectures :i* 7 deliv]$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & subsequ5tly publi%$ "u ! title ( ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,life 7#b vols41 ,bo/on1 #ahci74 ,?is has be5 ! lead+ text-book ( all ! dietetic & ne>ly all ! heal? re=m]s s9ce40#bff ,! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,life is "o ( ! mo/ compreh5sive z well z m9ute text books on sci5tific dietetics ev] put =?4 ,if x errs at all1 x errs on ! side ( r$undancy--a feature :i* x owes to ! fact t x 0 publi%$ to ! _w z x 0 orally giv54 ,x !re=e well be>s cond5sation1 & ?is has be5 judici\sly done by ,mr4 ,bak]1 ^: useful edition is probably 9 ! h&s ( mo/ ( our read]s4 ,graham 0 also ! au?or ( a treatise on ,bread & ,bread-,mak+1 & 8,graham bread0 is n[ univ]sally kn[n z "o ( ! mo/ :olesome k9ds ( ! 8/aff ( life40 ,besides ^! m practical writ+s1 = "s "t be=e 8 dea? he occupi$ 8 leisure 9 ! production ( a ,philosophy ( ,sacr$ ,hi/ory1 ! *>act]i/ic idea ( :i* seems to h be5 to h>monise ! dogmas ( ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ,scriptures ) 8 publi%$ views on physiology & dietetics4 ,he liv$ to complete "o volume only 7#abmo471 :i* appe>$ aft] 8 dea?4 ,trac+ ! hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e f ! e>li] times1 & its m or less ( empiricism 9 all its /ages1 ,graham discov]s ! cause ( a va/ proportion ( all ! egregi\s failure ( its pr(essors 9 ! bl9d prejudice :i* induces !m to apply to ! tempor>y cure1 r ?an to ! prev5tion1 ( disease4 ,z x 0 9 its fir/ b>b>\s beg9n+1 s x has cont9u$1 ) little really ess5tial *ange1 to ! pres5t mom5t3-- 8,ev]y?+ is done ) a view to cure ! disease1 )\t any reg>d to its cause1 & ! disease is consid]$ z ! infliction ( "s sup]natural be+4 ,!re=e1 9 ! progress ( ! heal+ art ?us f>1 n a /ep is tak5 t[>ds inve/igat+ ! laws ( heal? & ! philosophy ( disease4 8,nor1 aft] ,m$ic9e _h receiv$ a m sy/ematic =m1 did x apply to ^? rese>*es :i* 7 mo/ ess5tial to its success1 b1 l religion1 x became bl5d$ ) sup]/itions & absurdities4 ,h5ce1 ! hi/ory ( ,m$ic9e1 ) v limit$ exceptions1 is a tissue ( ignorance & error1 & only s]ves to demon/rate ! abs5ce ( t k ^u :i* alone an enlight5$ sy/em ( ,m$ic9e c be f\nd$1 & to %[ to :at ext5t a noble art c be p]v]t$ f its capabilities ( good to almo/ unmix$ evil by ! ignorance1 sup]/ition1 & cupidity ( m54 ,9 mod]n times1 anatomy & surg]y h be5 c>ri$ ne>ly to p]fection1 & great advance has be5 made 9 physiology4 ,! sci5ce ( human life has be5 /udi$ ) int]e/ & success1 b ?is has be5 conf9$ to ! few1 :ile ev5 9 our day1 & 9 ! m$ical pr(ession itself1 ! g5]al t5d5cy is adv]se to ! diffusion ( sci5tific k4 99 99 99 99 99 8,! result is1 t m5 prodigally wa/e ! res\rces z if ! en]gies ( life 7 inexhau/ible2 & :5 !y h br\ght on disease :i* de/roys _! com=ts1 !y fly to ! physician1 n to le>n by :at violation ( ! laws ( life !y h drawn ! evil ^u !mselves1 & by :at means !y c avoid ! same2 b1 consid]+ !mselves visit$ ) afflictions :i* !y h 9 no mann] be5 conc]n$ 9 caus+1 !y require ! physician's rem$ies1 by :i* _! suff]+s may be alleviat$4 ,9 do+ ?is1 ! m ! practice ( ! physician con=ms to ! appetites ( ! pati5t1 ! great] is 8 popul>ity & ! m g5]\sly is he rew>d$4 8,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 9 society t5ds to conf9e ! practis+ physician to ! dep>tm5t ( !rapeutics1 & make him a m]e cur] ( disease2 & ! consequ5ce is1 t ! m$ical frat]nity h little inducem5t to apply !mselves to ! /udy ( ! sci5ce ( life1 :ile almo/ ev]y?+1 by :i* m5 c be corrupt$1 is pres5t$ to induce !m to become ! m]e p&]]s ( human ignorance & folly2 &1 if !y d n s9k into ! m]e/ empiricism1 x is ow+ to _! own moral s5sibility r ?an to ! enc\ragem5t !y receive to pursue an elevat$ sci5tific pr(essional c>e]4 8,?us ! natural & acquir$ habits ( man concur to div]t 8 att5tion f ! /udy ( human life1 & h5ce he is left to feel 8 way to1 or ga!r f :at he calls exp]i5ce1 all ! conclusions :i* he embraces4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t m51 9 _! 7s-call$7 inductive reason+s deceive !mselves cont9ually1 & ?9k t !y are reason+ f facts & exp]i5ce1 :5 !y are only reason+ f a mixture ( tru? & falsehood4 ,! only end answ]$ by facts s incorrectly appreh5d$ is t ( mak+ error m incorrigible4 ,no?+1 inde$1 is s ho/ile to ! int]e/s ( ,tru? z facts incorrectly obs]v$4 ,on no subjects are m5 s liable to misappreh5d facts1 & mi/ake ! relation betwe5 cause & effect1 z on t ( human life1 heal?1 & disease40 ,by ! oppon5ts ( dietetic re=m x has be5 pret5d$ t climate1 or individual con/itution1 mu/ det]m9e ! food prop] = nations or individuals3-- 8,we h be5 told t "s enjoy heal? 9 w>m1 & o!rs 9 cold climates "s on "o k9d ( diet1 & "u "o set ( circum/ances1 & "s "u ano!r2 t1 !re=e1 :at is be/ = "o is n = ano!r2 t :at agrees well ) "o disagrees ) ano!r2 t :at is "o man's meat is ano!r man's poison2 t diff]5t con/itutions require diff]5t treatm5t2 & t1 consequ5tly1 no rules c be laid d[n adapt$ to all circum/ances :i* c be made a basis ( regim5 to all4 8,)\t tak+ pa9s to exam9e circum/ances1 p consid] ! b>e fact t "s intemp]ate individuals rea* old age evid5ce t su* habits are n unfav\rable to life4 ,) ! same loose reason+1 p arrive at conclusions equally errone\s 9 reg>d to nations4 ,if a tribe1 subsi/+ on vegetable food1 is weak1 sluggi%1 & de/itute ( c\rage & ent]prise1 x is conclud$ t vegetable food is ! cause4 ,yet exam9ation might h %[n t causes fully adequate to ^! effects exi/$1 :i* n only exon]at$ ! diet1 b made x appe> t ! vegetable diet _h a r$eem+ effect1 & 0 ! means by :i* ! nation 0 sav$ f a worse condition4 8,! fact t individuals h atta9$ a great age 9 c]ta9 habits ( liv+ is no evid5ce t ^? habits are fav\rable to longevity4 ,! only use :i* we c make ( cases ( extraord9>y old age1 is to %[ h[ ! human con/itution is capable ( su/a9+ ! vital economy1 & resi/+ ! causes :i* induce dea?4 8,if we ask h[ we mu/ live to secure ! be/ heal? & longe/ life1 ! answ] mu/ be drawn f physiological k2 b if we ask h[ long ! be/ mode ( liv+ w pres]ve life1 ! reply is1 ,physiology _c tea* y t4 ,probably ea* ag$ individual has a mixture ( good & bad habits1 & has liv$ 9 a mixture ( fav\rable & unfav\rable circum/ances4 ,not)/&+ app>5t div]sity1 !re is a pretty equal am\nt ( :at is salut>y 9 ! habits & circum/ances ( ea*4 ,"s h be5 #8correct' 9 "o ?+1 "s 9 ano!r4 ,all t is prov$ by in/ances ( longevity 9 connexion ) bad habits is1 t su* individuals are able to resi/ causes t h1 9 ! same "t1 s5t ?\s&s ( _! fell[-be+s to an untimely grave2 &1 "u a prop] regim51 !y w\ld h su/a9$ life1 p]haps1 a hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 8,"s h m con/itutional or inh]it$ p[]s to resi/ ! causes ( disease ?an o!rs1 &1 !re=e1 :at w de/roy ! life ( "o may be borne by ano!r a long "t )\t any manife/ations ( imm$iate injury4 ,!re are1 also1 con/itutional peculi>ities1 b ^! are f> m r>e ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,inde$1 su* may1 9 almo/ e case1 be ov]come by a correct regim54 ,s f> z ! g5]al laws ( life & ! application ( g5]al pr9ciples ( regim5 are consid]$1 ! human con/itution is "o3 !re are no con/itutional diff]5ces :i* w n yield to a correct regim51 & ?us improve ! individual4 ,consequ5tly1 :at is be/ = "o is be/ = all4444 ,"s are born )\t any t5d5cy to disease :ile o!rs h ! pr$isposition to p>ticul> diseases ( "s k9d4 ,b diff]5ces result f causes :i* man has ! p[] to control1 & x is c]ta9 t all c be remov$ by con=mity to ! laws ( life = g5]ations1 & t ! human species c be br\ght to z great uni=mity1 z to heal? & life1 z ! l[] animals40 ,) ,hufel&1 ,fl\r5s1 & o!r sci5tific au?orities1 he ma9ta9s t3-- 8,physiological sci5ce af=ds no evid5ce t ! human con/itution is n capable ( gradually return+ to ! primitive longevity ( ! species4 ,! highe/ int]e/s ( our nature require t y\?fulness %\ld be prolong$4 ,& x is z capable ( be+ pres]v$ z life itself1 bo? dep5d+ on ! same conditions4 ,if !re ev] 0 a /ate ( ! human con/itution :i* enabl$ x to su/a9 life mu* beyond ! pres5t p]iod1 t /ate involv$ a h>mony ( relative conditions4 ,! vital processes 7 less rapid & m complete ?an at pres5t1 developm5t 0 sl[]1 organisation m p]fect1 *ildhood protract$1 & ! *ange f y\? to manhood took place at a great] remove f bir?4 ,h5ce1 if we n[ aim at long life1 we c secure our object only by con=mity to ^? laws by :i* y\?fulness is prolong$40 ,z = ! omnivor\sness ( ! human animal3-- ,! ourang-outang1 on be+ dome/icat$1 readily le>ns to eat animal food4 ,b if ?is proves t animal to be omnivor\s1 !n ! ,horse1 ,c[1 ,%eep1 & o!rs are all omnivor\s1 = ev]yone ( !m is easily tra9$ to eat animal food4 ,horses h frequ5tly be5 tra9$ to eat animal food1#bfg & ,%eep h be5 s accu/om$ to x z to refuse grass4 ,all c>nivor\s animals c be tra9$ to a vegetable diet1 & br\ght to subsi/ ^u x1 ) less inconv5i5ce & det]ioration ?an h]bivor\s or frugivor\s animals c be br\ght to live on animal food4 ,comp>ative anatomy1 !re=e1 proves t ,man is naturally a frugivor\s animal1 =m$ to subsi/ ^u fruits1 se$s1 & f>9ace\s vegetables4#bfh ,! /imulat+1 or alcoholic1 prop]ty ( fle% produces ! delusion t x is1 !re=e1 ! mo/ n\ri%+3-- 8,yet by s mu* z ! /imulation exce$s t :i* is necess>y = ! p]=mance ( ! functions ( ! organs1 ! m does ! exp5diture ( vital p[]s exce$ ! r5ovat+ economy2 & ! exhau/ion :i* succe$s is comm5surate ) ! excess4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh food :i* conta9s ! greate/ proportion ( /imulat+ p[] causes a feel+ ( ! greate/ /r5g?1 x also produces ! greate/ exhau/ion1 :i* is comm5surately importunate = relief2 &1 z ! same food af=ds su* by supply+ ! requisite /imulation1 _! feel+s lead ! consum]s to believe t x is mo/ /r5g!n+4444 ,^? sub/ances1 ! /imulat+ p[] ( :i* is b>ely suffici5t to excite ! dige/ive organs 9 ! appropriation ( n\ri%m5t1 are mo/ conducive to vital welf>e1 caus+ all ! processes to be mo/ p]fectly p]=m$1 )\t any unnecess>y exp5diture1 ?us contribut+ to heal? & longevity4 8,fle%-meats av]age ab\t ?irty-five p] c5t ( nutriti\s matt]1 :ile rice1 :eat1 & sev]al k9ds ( pulse 7su* z l5tils1 peas1 & beans71 af=d f eighty to n9ety-five p] c5t2 potatoes af=d tw5ty-five p] c5t ( nutriti\s matt]4 ,s t "o p\nd ( rice conta9s m nutriti\s matt] ?an two p\nds & a half ( fle% meat2 ?ree p\nds ( :ole meal bread conta9 m ?an six p\nds ( fle%1 & ?ree p\nds ( potatoes m ?an two p\nds ( fle%40 ,t ! human species1 tak5 9 its entirety1 is no m c>nivor\s de facto ?an x c\ld be de jure1 is app>5t on ! pla9 evid5ce ( facts4 ,9 all c\ntries ( our ,globe1 ) ! exception ( ! mo/ b>b>\s tribes1 x is1 9 reality1 only ! rul+ & ri* classes :o are kreophagi/4 ,! ,poor h1 almo/ ev]y:]e1 b ! b>e/ suffici5cy ev5 ( vegetable foods3-- 8,! peasantry ( ,norway1 ,sw$51 ,d5m>k1 ,g]many1 ,turkey1 ,greece1 ,italy1 ,switz]l&1 ,france1 ,spa91 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 a consid]able portion ( ,prussia1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe subsi/ ma9ly on non-fle% foods4 ,! peasantry ( mod]n ,greece l ^? ( ! days ( ,p]ikles subsi/ on co>se br[n bread & fruits4 ,! peasantry 9 _m p>ts ( ,russia live on v co>se bread1 ) g>lic & o!r vegetables1 &1 l ! same class 9 ,greece1 ,italy1 c41 !y are oblig$ to be extremely frugal ev5 9 ?is k9d ( food4 ,yet !y are = ! mo/ "p heal?y1 vigor\s1 & active4 ,_m ( ! inhabitants ( ,g]many live ma9ly on rye & b>ley1 9 ! =m ( co>se bread4 ,! potato is ! pr9cipal food ( ! ,iri% peasantry1 & few portions ( ! human family are m heal?y1 a?letic1 & active1 :5 uncorrupt$ by intoxicat+ sub/ances &1 x may be add$1 :5 "u fav\rable political & social conditions4 ,b alcohol1 opium1 c4 equally ) bad laws h ext5d$ _! blight+ influ5ce ov] ! great] portion ( ! _w1 & n[h]e d ^! sc\rges s cruelly afflict ! self-devot$ race z 9 ! cottages ( ! poor1 & :51 by ^! evils & neglect ( sanitation1 c41 diseases are g5]at$1 sometimes epidemics1 we are told t ^! ?+s arise f _! poor1 meagre1 l[1 vegetable diet4 ,:]ev] ! v>i\s sorts ( intoxicat+ sub/ances are abs5t1 & a dec5t degree ( cleanl9ess is obs]v$1 ! vegetable diet is n ?us calumniat$4 8,t portion ( ! peasantry ( ,engl& & ,scotl& :o subsi/ on _! b>ley & oatmeal bread1 porridge1 potatoes1 & o!r vegetables1 ) temp]ate1 cleanly habits & surr\nd+s1 are able to endure m fatigue & exposure ?an any o!r class ( p 9 ! same c\ntries4 ,?ree-f\r?s ( ! :ole human family1 9 all p]iods ( "t except+1 p]haps1 9 ! primitive :olly pr$atory ages h subsi/$ on non-fle% foods1 & :5 _! supplies h be5 abundant1 & _! habits 9 o!r respects correct1 !y h be5 well n\ri%$40 ,t ! sangu9>y diet & savag]y g h& 9 h&1 & t 9 proportion to ! degree ( c>nivor\sness is ! b>b>\s or militant "* ( ! p1 all ,hi/ory1 pa/ & pres5t1 too cle>ly te/ifies4 ,nor are ! c>nivor\s tribes conspicu\s by _! cruel habits only3-- 8,tak+ all fle%-eat+ nations toge!r1 ?\gh "s1 ^: o!r habits are fav\rable1 are1 comp>atively1 well-=m$1 z a g5]al av]age !y are small1 ill-=m$ races2 & tak+ all vegetable-eat+ nations1 ?\gh _m1 f excessive use ( n>cotics1 & f o!r unfav\rable circum/ances1 are comp>atively small & ill-=m$1 z a g5]al av]age !y are mu* bett] =m$ races ?an ! fle%-eat]s4#bfi ,x is only among ^? tribes ^: habits are temp]ate1 & :o subsi/ on ! non-fle% diet1 t ! m p]fect specim5s ( symmetry are f\nd4 8,n "o human be+ 9 _m ?\s&s dies a natural dea?4 ,if a man be %ot or poison$ we say he dies a viol5t dea?1 b if he is ill1 att5d$ by physicians1 & dies1 we say he dies a #8natural' dea?4 ,?is is an abuse ( language--! dea? 9 ! latt] case be+ z truly viol5t z if he _h be5 %ot4 ,:e!r a man takes ars5ic & kills himself1 or by small doses or o!r means1 h[ev] common1 gradually de/roys life1 he equally dies a viol5t dea?4 ,he only dies a natural dea? :o s obeys ! laws ( 8 nature z by nei!r irritation nor int5sity to wa/e 8 en]gies1 b sl[ly passes ?r\gh ! *anges ( 8 sy/em to old age1 & falls asleep 9 ! exhau/ion ( vitality40#bfi ,) ,fl\r5s he adduces a numb] ( in/ances bo? ( individuals & ( communities :o h atta9$ to protract$ ages by reason ( a pure diet4 ,he aft]w>ds proce$s to prove f comp>ative physiology & anatomy1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 f ! con=mation ( ! human tee? & /oma* 7:i*1 by an a/\nd+ p]v]sion ( fact1 are sometimes alleg$ to be =m$ c>nivor\sly1 9 spite ( (t5-repeat$ sci5tific au?ority1 z well z ( common obs]vation71 ! natural frugivor\s "* ( ! human species1 & he quotes ,l9n1 ,cuvi]1 ,lawr5ce1 ,bell1 & _m o!rs 9 support ( ?is tru?4#bgj ,,xlviii4 ,,/ruve4 #ahje-ahgj4 ,g]many1 at ! pres5t day able to boa/ s _m e>ne/ apo/les ( humanit>ianism1 until ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 "s way advanc$1 _h contribut$ little1 def9itely1 to ! lit]ature ( ,humane ,dietetics4 ,a ,hall] or a ,hufel&1 inde$1 _h1 ) m or less boldness1 rais$ ! bann] ( p>tial revolt f or?odox m$ic9e & or?odox liv+1 b _! het]odoxy 0 r hygi5ic ?an humane4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( humanit>ianism 9 ,g]many ! hon\r ( ! fir/ place1 9 ord] ( "t1 belongs to ! au?or ( ,pflanz5ko/1 die ,grundlage e9] ,neu5 ,weltans*auung1 & ( ,m&>as' ,w&]ung51 ^: life1 political z well z lit]>y1 0 "o cont9u\s combat on behalf ( ju/ice1 fre$om1 & true progress4 ,gu/av von ,/ruve 0 born at ,mn*5 7,muni*71 ,octob] #aa1 #ahje1 f :5ce 8 fa!r1 :o 0 resid+ !re z ,russian ,m9i/]1 %ortly aft]w>ds remov$ to ,/uttg>t4 ,! f\ndation ( 8 education 0 laid 9 ! gymnasium ( t capital1 :]e he rema9$ until 8 twelf? ye>4 ,f #ahag to #ahbb he 0 a s*ol> 9 ! ,lyceum 9 ,k>lsruhe4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 prep>atory /udies 9 ^? s*ools1 he proce$$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,gtt+51 :i*1 aft] a c\rse ( ne>ly two ye>s1 he ex*ang$ = ,heidelb]g4 ,f\r ye>s ( ardu\s /udy enabl$ him to pass 8 fir/ exam9ation1 &1 z ! result ( 8 brilliant atta9m5ts & success1 he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( ,atta* to ! ,bunde/ag ,embassy at ,old5b]g4 ,) su* an op5+1 a spl5did c>e] 9 ! s]vice ( c\rts & k+s seem$ to be res]v$ = him4 ,8 family connexions1 8 great abilities1 & 8 unusual acquirem5ts at s e>ly an age gu>ante$ to him quick promotion1 ) rew>d & worldly hon\r4 ,b to figure 9 ! s]vice ( ! oppressors ( ! p--to wa/e 9 luxuri\s trifl+ ! res\rces ( a peasantry1 suppli$ by !m only at ! co/ ( a life-"t ( pa9ful de/itution1 to support ! selfi% gre$ & va9 o/5tation ( ! ,jew--su* 0 n ! c>e] :i* c\ld /imulate ! ambition ( ,/ruve4 ,! conviction t ?is 0 n 8 prop] de/9y grew /rong] 9 him1 & he soon ab&on$ 8 diplomatic position & ,old5b]g at ! same "t4 ,)\t weal? or fri5ds1 at v>iance ) 8 relatives1 :o c\ld n appreciate 8 high] aims1 he settl$ himself 9 ,gtt+5 7#ahca71 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> 9 ,j5a4 ,8 attempts to obta9 fix$ employm5t z pr(essor or tea*]1 or z editor ( a newspap]1 long prov$ unsuccessful1 = indep5d5t & hone/ ?\ght1 nev] any:]e greatly 9 e/eem1 at t "t 9 ,g]many 0 9 especial disfav\r ) all :o1 directly or indirectly1 7 "u c\rt influ5ces4 ,yet ! ?ree ye>s :i* he liv$ 9 ,gtt+5 & ,j5a suppli$ him ) v>i$ & useful exp]i5ces4 ,9 #ahcc he w5t to ,k>lsruhe4 ,aft] ye>s ( long pati5ce & ef=t1 he at l5g? effect$ 8 object 7to ga9 a position :i* %\ld make x possible = him to c>ry out 8 s*emes ( usefulness = 8 fell[-be+s71 &1 at ! end ( #ahcf1 he obta9$ ! (fice ( ,ob]g]i*ts-,advocat 9 ,mannheim4 ,?is position gave leisure & opportunity = ! prosecution ( 8 v>i\s sci5tific & philosophic pursuits1 & to engage 9 lit]>y und]tak+s4 ,he f\nd$ p]iodicals & deliv]$ lectures1 ! con/ant aim ( :i* 0 ! improvem5t ( ! _w ar\nd him4 ,at ?is p]iod he wrote 8 philosophic romance1 ,m&>as' ,w&]ung5 78,! ,w&]+s ( ,m&>as071 ?r\gh :i* he conveys di/a/eful tru?s 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples ( ,tasso4#bga ,/ruve's active political life began 9 #ahde4 ,9 t ye> 7 publi%$ ,briefwe*sel zwis*5 e95 ehemalig5 & e95 jetzig5 ,diplomat5178,correspond5ce betwe5 an ,old & a ,mod]n ,diplomati/071 :i* 0 soon foll[$ by 8 ,oeff5tli*es ,re*t des ,deuts*5 ,bundes 78,public ,rights ( ! ,g]man ,f$]ation07 & 8 ,kritis*e ,ges*i*te des ,allgeme95 ,/aats-,re*ts 78,critical ,hi/ory ( ! ,common ,law ( ,nations074 ,9 ! same ye> he und]took ! editor%ip ( ! ,mannheim] ,j\rnal1 9 :i* he boldly f\ght ! battles ( political & social re=m4 ,he 0 sev]al times condemn$ to imprisonm5t1 z well z to paym5t ( f9es2 b1 undet]r$ by su* p]secution1 ! *ampion ( ! oppress$ succe$$ 9 wor/+ mo/ ( 8 p[]ful enemies4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahdg he f\nd$ a weekly p]iodical1 ! ,deuts*] ,zus*au] 78,! ,g]man ,spectator071 9 :i*1 )\t actually adopt+ ! invidi\s names1 he ma9ta9$ 9 _! fulle/ ext5t ! pr9ciples ( ,fre$om & ,frat]nity2 & x 0 *iefly by ! ef=ts ( ,/ruve t ! great popul> demon/ration at ,old5b]g ( ,septemb] #ab1 #ahdg1 took place1 :i* =mulat$ :at 0 aft]w>ds kn[n z ! 8,dem&s ( ! ,p40 ,! public meet+1 assembl$ at ! same t[n ,m>* #i1 #ahdh1 :i* 0 att5d$ by #be1jjj p]sons1 & :i*1 )\t committ+ itself to ! adoption ( ! t]m 8republican10 yet proclaim$ ! inh]5t ,rights ( ! ,p1 0 also ma9ly ! "w ( ! indefatigable ,/ruve4 ,he took "p1 too1 9 ! op5+ ( ! ,p>liam5t at ,frankfurt4 ,8 pr9cipal production at ?is "t 0 ,grundzge d] ,/aats-,wis*5s*aft 78,outl9es ( ,political ,sci5ce074 ,?is book1 inspir$ by ! movem5t = fre$om :i* 0 !n agitat+1 b1 z x prov$1 = ! mo/ "p ineffectually1 a l>ge "p ( ,europe1 is n )\t significance 9 ! education ( ! community = high] political conceptions4 ,/ruve & ,f4 ,heck] took a lead+ "p 9 ! democratic movem5ts 9 ,bad54 ,^! attempts fail+1 aft] a %ort resid5ce 9 ,p>is1 he settl$ ne> ,basel 7,basle74 ,!re he publi%$ 8 ,grundre*te des ,deuts*5 ,volkes 78,fundam5tal ,rights ( ! ,g]man ,p071 &1 9 association ) ,he9z51 a ,plan fr ,revolutioni]ung und ,republikanisi]ung ,deuts*l&s4 ,! e>ne/ & noble convictions app>5t 9 all ! writ+s ( ! au?or1 & ! unmi/akable purity ( 8 aims1 =c$ f ! m c&id ( ! oppon5ts ( 8 political cre$ recognition & high respect4 ,nev]!less1 he n>r[ly escap$ legal assass9ation & ! fusillades ( ! ,kriegsg]i*t or ,milit>y ,tribunal4 ,lat] ! unsuccessful lov] ( 8 c\ntry s\ght refuge 9 ,engl&1 & f !nce proce$$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7#ahej74 ,^u ! break+ out ( ! desp]ate /ruggle betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\?1 he ?rew 9 8 lot ) ! =m]1 & took "p 9 sev]al battles4 ,9 ,am]ica he wrote 8 hi/orical "w ,weltges*i*te 7#ab vols47 &1 among/ o!rs1 ,abeil>d und ,heloise4 ,9 #ahfa he return$ to ,europe1 &1 at diff]5t p]iods1 wrote two ( 8 mo/ important books1 ,pflanz5ko/1 die ,grundlage e9] ,neu5 ,weltans*auung 78,vegetable ,diet1 ! ,f\ndation ( a ,new ,_w-,view071 & ,das ,seel5leb51 od] die ,naturges*i*te des ,m5s*5 78,! ,spiritual ,life1 or ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,man071 9 bo? ( :i* he e>ne/ly insi/s1 n only ^u ! va/ & incalculable suff]+ inflict$1 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s mann]1 ^u ! victims ( ! ,table1 b1 fur!r1 ^u ! demoralis+ influ5ce ( liv+ by pa9 & slaught]3-- 8,! ?\ghts & feel+s :i* ! food we p>take ( provokes are n rem>k$ 9 common life1 b !y1 nev]!less1 h _! significance4 ,a man :o daily sees ,c[s & ,calves slaught]$1 or :o kills !m himself1 ,hogs #8/uck1' ,h5s pluck$1 or ,geese roa/$ alive1 c41 _c possibly reta9 any true feel+ = ! suff]+s ( 8 own species4 ,he becomes h>d5$ to !m by witness+ ! /ruggles ( o!r animals z !y are be+ driv5 by ! but*]1 ! groans ( ! dy+ ,ox1 or ! screams ( ! ble$+ ,hog1 ) indiff]5ce4444 ,nay1 he may come ev5 to f9d a devili% pleasure 9 see+ be+s tortur$ & kill$1 or 9 actually slaught]+ !m himself4444 8,b ev5 ^? :o take no "p 9 kill+1 nay1 d n ev5 see x1 are consci\s t ! fle%-di%es ^u _! tables come f ! ,%ambles1 & t _! fea/+ & ! suff]+ ( o!rs are 9 intimate connexion4 ,d\btless1 ! majority ( fle%-eat]s d n reflect ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ?is food comes to !m1 b ?is ?\ghtlessness1 f> f be+ a virtue1 is ! p>5t ( _m vices4444 ,h[ v diff]5t are ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts produc$ by ! non-fle% diet60#bgb ,! la/ p]iod ( 8 life 0 pass$ 9 ,wi5 7,vi5na71 & 9 t city 8 b5efic5tly-active c>e] clos$ 9 ,augu/1 #ahgj4 ,8 la/ brok5 words to 8 wife1 "s h\rs be=e 8 end1 71 8,i mu/ leave ! _w 444 ?is w> 444 ?is conflict60 ,) ! life ( ,gu/av ,/ruve 0 ext+ui%$ t ( "o ( ! noble/ soldi]s ( ! ,cross ( ,humanity4 ,8 memory w always be held 9 high hon\r :]ev] ju/ice1 philan?ropy1 & humane feel+ are 9 e/eem4 ,9 ,m&>as' ,w&]ung51 ( a diff]5t inspiration f t ( ord9>y fiction1 & :i* is full ( ref9em5t ( ?\ght & feel+1 are vividly repres5t$ ! repugnance ( a cultivat$ ,h9du :5 br\ght1 = ! fir/ "t1 into contact ) ! b>b>isms ( ,european civilisation4 ,to few ( our ,engli% read]s1 x is presumable1 is ?is *>m+ /ory kn[n2 & an outl9e ( its pr9cipal incid5ts w n be sup]]ogatory "h4 ,! h]o1 a "y ,h9du1 ^: home is 9 "o ( ! seclud$ valleys ( ! ,himalaya1 urg$ by ! solicitude ( ! fa!r ( 8 betro!d1 :o wi%es to prove him by contact ) s diff]5t a _w1 sets out on a c\rse ( travel 9 ,europe4 ,! /ory op5s ) ! arrival ( 8 %ip at ,lef!im 7,livorno7 on ! ,italian coa/4 ,m&>as has no soon] l&$ ?an he is acco/$ by two cl]ics 7ord5sgei/li*e71 :o wi% to acquire ! hon\r & glory ( mak+ a conv]t4 ,b1 unhappily = _! success1 l 8 pr$ecessor ,amab$1 he _h already on 8 voyage discov]$ t ! religion ( ! p1 among :om he 0 de/9$ to reside1 did n exclude c]ta9 horrible b>b>isms hi!rto unkn[n to him 9 8 own un*ri/ian l&3-- 8,:ile /ill on bo>d %ip ,i _h be5 />tl$ :5 ,i saw ! re/ ( ! pass5g]s fe$+ on ! fle% ( animals4 #8,by :at "r1' ,i ask$ !m1 #8d y kill o!r animals to fe$ ^u _! fle%8' ,!y c\ld n answ]1 b !y cont9u$ to eat _! salt$ fle% z mu* z ev]4 ,= my "p1 ,i w\ld h r di$ ?an h eat5 a piece ( x4 ,b n[ x is f> worse4 ,i c pass ?r\gh no /reet 9 :i* !re are n poor slaught]$ animals1 hung up ei!r entire or cut into pieces4 ,e mom5t ,i he> ! cries ( agony & ( al>m ( ! victims :om !y are driv+ to ! slaught]-h\se1--see _! /ruggles aga9/ ! murd]\s knife ( ! but*]4 ,ev] & aga9 ,i ask ( "o or o!r ( ! m5 :o surr\nd me1 by :at "r !y kill !m & dev\r _! fle%2 b if ,i receive an answ]1 x is return$ 9 phrases :i* mean no?+ or 9 repulsive laught]40 ,9 fact ! ,h9du travell] _h be5 b a brief space ( "t 9 ,*ri/ian l&s :5 he f9ds himself1 almo/ unconsci\sly1 9 ! position ( a cate*i/ r ?an ( a cate*um54 ,"o day1 = example1 he f9ds himself 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ cr[d1 ( all classes1 hurry+ to "s spectacle4 ,inquir+ ! cause ( s va/ an assemblage1 he le>ns t "s p]sons are to be put to dea? ) all ! frightful circum/ances ( public executions4 ,aft] travell+ ?r\gh a great "p ( ,g]many1 he fixes 8 resid5ce1 = ! purpose ( /udy1 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,l9d5b]g4 ,9 ! society ( t place he meets ) a "y girl1 ,leonora1 ! daught] ( a ,secret>y ( ,legation1 :o engages 8 admiration by h] exceptional culture & ref9em5t ( m9d4 ,on ! occasion ( an excursion ( a p>ty ( h] fa!r's visitors1 ( "s days1 to an isl& on ! neighb\r+ coa/1 ! fir/ discussion on humane dietetics takes place1 :51 be+ ask$ ! reason ( 8 ecc5tricity1 he appeals to ! ladies ( ! p>ty1 believ+ t he %all h at lea/ _! sympa?y ) ! pr9ciples he lays d[n3-- 8,f y1 ladies1 d\btless ,i %all meet ) approval4 ,tell me1 c\ld y1 ) y\r own h&s1 kill to-day a g5tle ,lamb1 a s(t ,dove1 ) :om p]haps y ye/]day 7 play+8 ,y answ]--,no8 ,y d>e n say y c\ld4 ,if y 7 to say yes1 y w\ld1 inde$1 betray a h>d he>t4 ,b :y c\ld y n8 ,:y did x cause y angui%1 :5 y saw a def5celess animal driv5 to slaught]8 ,because y felt1 9 y\r inmo/ s\l1 t x is wrong1 t x is unju/ to kill a def5celess & innoc5t be+6 ,) q o!r feel+s w\ld y look on ! dea? ( a ,tig] t attacks m51 ?an on t ( a ,lamb :o has done h>m to no "o4 ,to ! "o action atta*es1 naturally1 ju/ice2 to ! o!r1 inju/ice4 ,foll[ ! inn] prompt+s ( y\r he>t1--no long] sanction ! slaught] ( innoc5t be+s by fe$+ on _! bodies 7befrd5 ,sie ni*t d]5 ,tdtung dadur* dass ,sie ihr ,fleis* ess5740 ,?is exhortation1 to 8 surprise1 0 receiv$ by all 8! s(t] sex0 ) coldness1 & ev5 ) signs ( impati5ce1 except+ ,leonora1 :o ackn[l$g$ ! =ce ( 8 appeal & promis$ to ! be/ ( h] p[] to foll[ 8 example4 ,pleas$ & enc\rag$ by h] approval1 he proce$s3-- 8,assur$ly x w n rep5t y to h =m$ ?is resolution4 ,! man :o1 ) firmly-gr\nd$ habits1 d5ies himself some?+ :i* lies 9 8 p[]1 to sp>e pa9 & dea? to liv+ & s5ti5t be+s1 mu/ become mild] & m lov+4 ,! man :o /eels himself aga9/ ! feel+ ( compassion = ! l[] animals1 w be m or less h>d t[>ds 8 own species2 :ile he :o %r9ks f giv+ pa9 to o!r be+s1 w s mu* ! m %r9k f inflict+ x ^u 8 fell[ m540 ,leonora1 h[ev]1 0 a r>e exception 9 8 exp]i5ce2 & ! m he saw ( ,*ri/ian cu/oms1 ! less did he feel dispos$ to *ange 8 religion1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 ( an unexceptionable k9d4 ,"s "t be=e 8 leav+ ,l9d5b]g1 ! secret>y's wife gave a d9n] 9 8 hon\r1 :i*1 9 complim5t to h] gue/1 0 )\t any fle%-di%4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ! conv]sation soon turn$ ^u ,dietetics2 & "o ( ! gue/s1 a cl]ic1 *all5g$ ! ,h9du to def5d 8 pr9ciples4 ,m&>as _h sc>cely laid d[n ! c>d9al article ( 8 cre$ z a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 ,e?ics--t x is unju/ to inflict suff]+ ^u a liv+ & s5sitive be+1 :i* 7z he insi/s7 _c be call$ 9 "q )\t %ak+ ! v f\ndations ( ,morality 7wel*] ni*t die ,sitt5lehre 9 ihr5 ,fundam5t5 ers*tt]n w7--:5 oppon5ts arise on all sides ( him4 ,a doctor ( m$ic9e l$ ! opposition1 confid5tly affirm+ t ! human frame itself prov$ m5 to be int5d$ = fle%-eat+4 ,m&>as repli$ t3-- 8,x seem$ to him1 on ! contr>y1 t x is ! bodily frame ( man t especially decl>es aga9/ fle%-eat+4 ,! ,tig]1 ! ,lion1 9 %ort1 all fle%-eat+ animals seiz$ _! prey1 runn+1 swimm+1 or fly+1 & tore x 9 pieces ) _! tee? or talons1 dev\r+ x !re & !n ^u ! spot4 ,man _c cat* o!r animals 9 ?is way1 or te> !m 9 pieces1 & dev\r !m z !y are4444 ,besides he has high]1 & n m]ely animal1 impulses4 ,! latt] lead him to gluttony1 intemp]ance1 & _m o!r vices4 ,provid5ce has giv5 him reason to prove :at is "r & :at wrong1 & p[] ( w to avoid :at he has discov]$ to be wrong4 ,! doctor1 h[ev]1 9 place ( admitt+ ?is argum5t1 grew all ! w>m]4 #8,9 all ,nature1' said he1 #8"o sees h[ ! l[] exi/5ce is s]viceable to ! high]4 ,z man does1 s d o!r animals seize ^u ! weak]1 & ! weake/ ^u plants1 c4'0 ,to ?is ! ,h9du philosoph] 9 va9 replies1 t ! sph]e ( man1 is wid]1 & ought !re=e to be high] ?an t ( o!r animals1 = ! l>g] ! circle 9 :i* a be+ c freely move1 ! great] is ! possible degree ( 8 p]fection2 t1 if we are to place ourselves on ! plane ( ! c>nivora 9 "o po9t1 :y n 9 all1 & recognise also trea*]y1 fi]c5ess1 & murd] 9 g5]al1 z prop] to man t ! diff]5t "* ( ! ,tig]1 ! ,hyna1 ! ,wolf on ! "o side1 & ( ! ,elephant1 ! ,camel1 ! ,horse on ! o!r1 in/ruct u z to ! mighty influ5ce ( food ^u ! disposition1 & c]ta9ly n to ! advantage ( ! fle%-eat]s2 t man is to /rive n aft] ! l[] b ! high] "*1 c41 c4 ,to ?is ! ho/ess replies3 8,?is may be all v beautiful & good1 b h[ is ! h\sekeep] to be s skilful z to provide = all h] gue/s1 if %e is to )hold f !m fle% di%es80 8,exactly z our h\sekeep]s d 9 ! ,himalayan valley--exactly z our ho/ess does to-day10 rejo9s ,m&>as4 ,he alleges _m o!r argum5ts1 & 9 p>ticul> ! high degree ( reason+ faculty1 & ev5 ( moral feel+1 exhibit$ by ! mis]able slaves ( human tyranny4 ,v>i\s are ! objections rais$1 :i*1 x is ne$less to say1 are successfully ov]?r[n by ! *ampion ( ,innoc5ce1 & ! company disp]se aft] a prolong$ discussion4 ,! second division ( ! /ory takes u to ! ,valley ( ,suty1 ! ,himalayan home ( ,m&>as1 & introduces u to 8 amiable family4 ,a "y ,g]man1 travell+ 9 t region1 *ances to meet ) ! fa!r ( ,urwasi 7,m&>as's betro!d71 :om he f9ds b[$ d[n ) grief = ! d\ble loss ( 8 daught]1 :o _h p9$ away 9 ! protract$ abs5ce ( h] lov] & succumb$ to ! sickness ( hope def]r$1 & ( 8 de/9$ son-9-law1 :o1 ^u 8 return to claim 8 mi/ress1 _h fall5 7z x appe>$7 into a dea?-swoon at ! %ock ( ! t]rible news await+ him4 ,! old man conducts ! /rang] to ! sc5e ( m\rn+1 :]e ,damajanti1 ! si/] ( ,m&>as1 ) h] fri5d ,sun&a1 is engag$ 9 weav+ g>l&s ( fl[]s to deck ! bi] ( h] belov$ bro!r4 ,an int]e/+ conv]sation foll[s betwe5 ! ,european /rang] & ! ,h9du ladies1 :o are wor?y repres5tatives ( _! c\ntrywoman1 ,sakuntal4#bgc ,accid5tally !y discov] t he is a fle%-eat]4 ,sun&a3 ,is x possible t y really belong to ^? m5 :o ?9k x lawful to kill o!r be+s to fe$ ^u _! ble$+ limbs8 ,!obald3 ,9 my c\ntry x is ! ord9>y cu/om4 ,d y n1 9 y\r c\ntry1 use su* food8 ,damajanti3 ,c y ask8 ,h n o!r animals feel+8 ,d !y n enjoy _! exi/5ce8 ,!obald3 ,c]ta9ly2 b !y are s mu* bel[ u1 t !re c be no reciprocity ( duties betwe5 u4 ,damajanti3 ,! high] we /& 9 relation to o!r animals1 ! m are we b\nd to disreg>d none ( ! et]nal laws ( ,morality1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 t ( ,love4 ,hateful is x1 at all ev5ts1 to inflict pa9 ^u an innoc5t be+ capable ( feel+ pa94 ,or d y consid] x p]missible to /rike a dog1 to witness ! trembl+ ( 8 limbs1 & to he> 8 cries8 ,!obald3 ,by no means4 ,i hold1 also1 t x is wrong to torture !m1 because we ought to feel no pleasure 9 ! suff]+s ( o!r animals4 ,damajanti3 ,we ought to feel no pleasure6 ,t is v cold reason+4 ,dete/ation--disgu/1 r1 is ! s5sation we ought to h4 ,:]e ?is s5tim5t is real1 !re c be no desire to pr(it by ! suff]+s ( o!rs4 ,yet1 :]e ! feel+s ( disgu/ = :at is bad are weak] ?an incl9ation to ! self-indulg5ce :i* x promises1 !re is no possibility ( _! triumph+4 ,= ga9 ! but*] slaught]s ! victim2 = horrible luxury o!r m5 p>ticipate 9 ?is murd]1 :ile !y dev\r ! pieces ( fle%1 9 :i*1 a few mom5ts be=e1 ! blood 0 /ill fl[+1 ! n]ves yet quiv]+1 ! life /ill brea?+6 ,!obald3 ,i admit x3 b all ?is is new to me4 ,f *ildhood upw>ds ,i h be5 accu/om$ to see animals driv5 to ! slaught]-h\se4 ,x gave me no pleasure r x 0 a positively displeas+ spectacle2 b ,i did n ?9k ab\t x--:e!r we h ! "r to slaught] = food1 because ,i _h nev] he>d d\bt express$ on ! matt]4 ,sun&a3 ,ah6 ,n[ ,i c well believe t ! m5 9 y\r c\ntry mu/ be h>d & cold4 ,e s(t] feel+ mu/ be h>d5$1 e t5d]] "o be dull$ 9 ! daily sc5es ( murd] :i* !y h be=e _! eyes1 by ! blood :i* !y %$ daily1 :i* !y ta/e daily4 ,happy am ,i t ,i live f> f y\r _w4 ,a ?\s& times w\ld ,i r endure dea? ?an live 9 s horrible a l&4 ,damajanti3 ,to me1 too1 resid5ce 9 su* a l& w\ld be torture4 ,yet1 7 ,i a man1 _h ,i ! p[] ( eloqu5ce1 ,i w\ld g f village to village1 f t[n to t[n1 & vehem5tly d5\nce su* horrors4 ,i %\ld ?9k t ,i _h a*iev$ m ?an ! f\nd]s ( all religions1 if ,i %\ld succe$ 9 inspir+ m5 ) sympa?y = _! fell[-be+s4 ,:at is religi\s belief1 if x tol]ates ?is murd]1 or r sanctions x8 ,:at is all ,belief )\t ,love8 ,& :at is a ,love t excludes f its embrace ! inf9itely l>g] "p ( liv+ be+s8 ,sweet & fair inde$ is x to live 9 a valley :i* h>b\rs only mild & lov+ p2 b x is great]1 & wor?i] ( ! high de/9y ( human life1 to battle among/ ! ,bad = ,goodness1 to cont5d = ! ,light among/ ! prison]s ( ,d>kness4 ,:at is ,life )\t ,do+8 ,we wom51 inde$1 _c1 & d>e n ourselves v5ture =? into ! wild surge ( r\gh & co>se m52 b x is our bus9ess at lea/ to incite to all t is ,true1 ,beautiful1 & ,good2 to h reg>d = no man :o is n ard5t = :at is noble1 to accept none ( !m :o does n come be=e u adorn$ ) ! ornam5t ( wor?y actions 7d] ni*t mit dem ,s*mucke wrdig5 ,?at5 vor uns tritt74 ,?is eloqu5t disc\rse takes place :ile ! ?ree fri5ds are wat*+1 dur+ ! night1 at ! bi] ( ! suppos$ dead4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ! la/ fun]al rites are to be p]=m$1 equally ) ! spectators we are surpris$ & pleas$ at ! unexpect$ resuscitation ( ,m&>as1 :o1 x appe>$1 _h be5 9 a trance1 f :i* at ! critical mom5t he awoke4 ,) :at transports he is welcom$ back f ! conf9es ( ! %ad[-l&1 may easily be div9$4 ,= "s "t !y live toge!r 9 un9t]rupt$ happ9ess2 ! "y ,g]man1 :o _h adopt$ _! simple mode ( liv+1 rema9+ ) !m4 ,9 ! int]vals ( pleas+ lab\rs 9 ! field & ! g>d51 !y pass _! h\rs ( recreation 9 ref9$ intellectual disc\rse & speculation1 ! y\ng] ones d]iv+ in/ruction f ! exp]i5c$ wisdom ( ! v5]able sage4 ,! conv]sation (t5 turns ^u ! relations betwe5 ! human & non-human races2 &1 9 ! c\rse ( "o ( 8 philosophical prelections1 ! old man1 ) pr(\nd insight1 decl>es t 8s long z o!r animals cont9ue to be exclud$ f ! circle ( ,moral ,exi/5ce1 9 :i* ,rights & ,duties are recognis$1 s long is !re no /ep =w>d 9 ,morality to be expect$4 ,s long z m5 cont9ue to support _! lives ^u bodies ess5tially l to _! own1 )\t misgiv+ & )\t remorse1 s long w !y be fa/ b\nd by blood-/a9$ fett]s 7mit blutgetrnkt5 ,fesseln7 to ! l[] planes ( exi/5ce40 ,at l5g? ! sorr[ful day ( sep>ation arrives4 ,x is decid$ t ,m&>as %\ld return to ,g]many1 a wid] sph]e ( useful action ?an ! ,himalayan valleys pres5t$2 & an additional reason is f\nd 9 ! discov]y t 8 "m h]self _h be5 ,g]man4 ,) mu* pa9ful reluctance 9 p>t+ f belov$ fri5ds1 he recognises ! =ce ( _! argum5ts1 & once m leaves 8 peaceful home = ! turmoil ( ,european cities4 ,aft] suff]+ %ipwreck1 9 :i* he rescues a "m & *ild--at ! exp5se ( :at he _h held z 8 mo/ preci\s possession1 a casket ( relics ( 8 belov$ ,urwasi--,m&>as l&s once aga9 at ,livorno4 ,he f9ds 8 old fri5ds z eag] z ev] = proselytis+ 8! hea!n10 & q unconsci\s ( ! ne$ ( conv]sion = !mselves4 ,at ! dea? ( ! ag$ fa!r ( ,damajanti1 %e1 ) h] fri5d ,sun&a & ,!obald1 :o /ill rema9s ) !m1 & 7z may h be5 div9$7 is ! devot$ lov] ( ! *>m+ ,sun&a1 det]m9es to leave h] ance/ral abode & jo9 h] bro!r 9 8 adopt$ ,g]man home4 ,:5 !y arrive at ! appo9t$ place ( meet+ !y are ov]:elm$ ) grief to f9d t he1 = ^: sake s long a pilgrimage _h be5 und]tak51 _h be5 tak5 f !m = ev]4 ,hav+ lo/ 8 passport he _h be5 arre/$ on suspicion & imprison$4 ,9 conf9em5t he _h %runk f ! ,european fle%-di%es1 &1 unsuppli$ ) prop] n\ri%m5t or a suffici5cy ( x1 _h di$ 79 ! true s5se ( ! ^w7 a m>tyr1 to ! la/1 to 8 moral pr9ciples4 ,) great difficulty 8 f9al words 9 writ+ are discov]$1 & ^!1 9 ! =m ( lett]s to 8 si/]1 decl>e 8 un%ak5 fai? & hopes = ! future ( ! ,_w4 ,!re are1 also1 f\nd %ort poems1 :i* are publi%$ at ! end ( 8 ,memoirs1 & are fully wor?y ( ! ref9$ m9d ( ! au?or ( ,m&>as4 ,?us ends a romance :i*1 = beauty ( idea & s5tim5t1 may be class$ ) ! ,av5tures de ,tlmaque ( ,fnlon &1 /ill m fitly1 ) ! ,paul et ,virg9ie ( ,/4 ,pi]re4#bgd ,! space we h be5 tempt$ to give to ,m&>as's ,w&]+s precludes m ?an "o or two fur!r extracts f ,/ruve's admirable writ+s4 ,8 ,pflanz5ko/1 p]haps ! be/ kn[n1 z x is 8 mo/ complete1 exposition ( 8 views on ,humane ,dietetics1 appe>$ 9 ! ye> #ahfi4 ,9 x he exam9es ,veget>ianism 9 all its v>i$ aspects--9 reg>d to ,sociology1 ,education1 ,ju/ice1 ,!ology1 ,art & ,sci5ce1 ,natural ,economy1 ,heal?1 ,w> & ,peace1 ! practical & real ,mat]ialism ( ! ,age1 ,heal?1 ,ref9em5t ( ,life1 c4 ,f ! section :i* consid]s ! ,vegetable ,diet 9 its relations to ,national ,economy we quote ! foll[+ j reflections3-- 8,e /ep f a l[] condition to a high] is b\nd up ) c]ta9 difficulties4 ,?is is especially ! case :5 x is a "q ( %ak+ (f habits /r5g!n$ by numb]s & l5g? ( "t4 ,_h ! human race1 h[ev]1 n ! p[] to d s1 !n ! /ep f ,paganism to ,*ri/ianity1 f pr$atory life to tillage1 9 p>ticul> f savage b>b>\sness to a c]ta9 /age 9 civilisation1 w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,all ^! /eps br\ght _m /ruggles 9 _! tra91 :i* to _m ?\s&s produc$ "s h>d%ips 7,s*ad572 to untold millions1 h[ev]1 incalculable b5efits4 ,s1 also1 ! /eps onw>d f ,fle%-,diet _c be e/abli%$ )\t "s di/urbances4 ,! great majority ( m5 hold fa/ to old prejudices4 ,!y /ruggle1 n seldom ) s5seless rage1 aga9/ enlight5m5t & reason1 & a c5tury (t5 passes away be=e a new idea has =c$ ! way = ! spread ( new bless+s4 8,!re=e1 we ne$ n wond] if we1 also1 :o prote/ & /& out aga9/ ! evils ( ,fle%-,eat+1 & proclaim ! advantages ( ! ,vegetable ,diet1 f9d viol5t oppon5ts4 ,! ga9 :i* w\ld accrue to ! :ole race ( man by ! acceptance ( t diet is1 h[ev]1 s great & s evid5tly de/9$1 t our f9al victory is c]ta94444 8,d\btless ! ,political ,economy ( our days w be %ak5 to its f\ndations by ! /ep f ! fle% to ! non-fle% diet2 b ?is 0 also ! case :5 ! nomads began to practise tillage1 & ! hunt]s f\nd no m game4 ,! relics ( c]ta9 b>b>isms mu/ be %ak5 (f4 ,all b>b>ians1 or semi-b>b>ians1 w /ruggle desp]ately aga9/ ?is ) _! selfi% co>s5ess 7eig5?mli*5 ,rohheit74 ,b ! result w be t ! soil :i*1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,fle%-,rgime support$ "o man only1 w1 ) ! unfett]$ advantages ( ! ,vegetable ,diet support five human be+s4 ,liebig1 ev51 recognis$ s mu* z ?is--t ! ,fle%-,diet is twelve times m co/ly ?an ! ,non-,fle%40#bge ,/ruve's ,seel5leb51#bgf publi%$ 9 ! same ye> ) ! ,pflanz5ko/1 & 8 la/ important "w1 =ms a sort ( rsum ( 8 op9ions already giv5 to ! _w1 & is1 !re=e1 a m compreh5sive exposition ( 8 op9ions on ,sociology & ,e?ics ?an is f\nd 9 8 e>li] writ+s4 ,x is full ( ! true/ philosophy on ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,man1 inspir$ by ! true/ ref9em5t ( s\l4 ,9 ! section entitl$ ,moral he well exposes ! futility ( hap-haz>d spee*es1 mean+ no?+1 :i*1 vaguely & 9 an indef9ite mann] address$ to ! *ild1 are all[$ to d duty = practical moral tea*+3-- 8,!y tell *ildr51 p]haps1 t !y mu/ n be cruel ei!r to #8,animals' or to human be+s weak] ?an !mselves4 ,b :5 ! *ild goes into ! kit*51 he sees ,pigeons1 ,h5s1 & ,geese slaught]$ & pluck$2 :5 he goes into ! /reets1 he sees animals hung up ) bodies besme>$ ) blood1 feet cut (f1 & heads twi/$ back4 ,if ! *ild proce$s /ill fur!r1 he comes ^u ! slaught]-h\se1 9 :i* h>mless & useful be+s ( all k9ds are be+ slaught]$ or /rangl$4 ,we %all n "h dwell ^u all ! b>b>isms b\nd up 9 ! but*]y ( animals2 b 9 ! same degree 9 :i* m5 abuse _! sup]ior p[]s1 9 reg>d to o!r species1 d !y usually cause _! tyranny to be felt by weak] human be+s 9 _! p[]4 8,:at avails all ! f9e talk ab\t morality1 9 contra/ ) acts ( b>b>ism & immorality pres5t$ to !m on all sides8 8,x is no pro( ( an exalt$ morality :5 a man acts ju/ly t[>ds a p]son /rong] ?an himself1 :o c injure him4 ,he alone acts ju/ly :o fulfils 8 obligatory duties 7,v]pfli*tung57 9 reg>d to ! weak]4 444 ,he1 :o has no human p]sons "u him1 at lea/ c /rike 8 horse1 b>b>\sly drive 8 calf1 & cudgel 8 dog4 ,! relations ( m5 to ! inf]ior species are s full ( significance1 & ex]cise s mighty an influ5ce ^u ! developm5t ( human "*1 t ,morality wants a wid] prov9ce t %all embrace ^? be+s )9 x40 ,9 ! *apt] devot$ especially to ,food & ,dr9ks 7,speise und ,trank7 ,/ruve w>ns ^? :om x mo/ conc]ns t3-- 8,! mon/r\s evils & abuses1 :i* gradually & /eal?ily h invad$ our daily foods & dr9ks1 h n[ rea*$ to su* a pit* t !y c no long] be w9k$ at4 ,he :o desires to "w = ! improvem5t ( ! human species1 = ! elevation ( ! human s\l1 & = ! invigoration ( ! human body1 d>es n leave unconte/$ ! g5]al dom9ant unnaturalness ( liv+4 8,) a p /ruggl+ = ,fre$om ! ,kit*5 mu/ be no murd]\s d5 7,mrd]grube72 ! ,l>d] no d5 ( corruption2 ! ,meal no occasion = /upefaction4 ,9 despotic /ates ! oppressors ( ! ,p may intoxicate !mselves ) spiritu\s dr9k1 & br+ disease & feebl5ess ^u !mselves ) unlawful & un:olesome meats4 ,! soon] su* m5 p]i% 7zu grunde geh57 ! bett]4 ,b 9 free /ates 7or 9 su* z are /riv+ = ,fre$om71 ,simplicity1 ,temp]ance1 ,sob]ness mu/ be ! fir/ pr9ciples ( citiz5-life4 ,no p c be free ^: individual memb]s are /ill slaves to _! own passions4#bgg ,man mu/ fir/ free himself f ^! be=e he c1 ) any success1 make w> ^u ^? ( 8 fell[-m540 ,weighty words com+ f a /ud5t ( ,sci5ce & ( ,human ,life4 ,/ill weighti] com+ f "o :o _h devot$ s l>ge a "p ( 8 exi/5ce to assi/1 & _h tak5 s active a "p 91 ! /ruggles ( ! p = ,ju/ice & ,fre$om4 ,,xlix4 ,,daum]4 #ahjj-ahge4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ pione]s ( ! ,new ,re=mation 9 ,g]many1 *iefly f :at may be t]m$ ! religi\s-philosophical /&po9t1 & "o ^: useful le>n+ 0 equall$ only by 8 true conception ( ! significance ( ! religi\s s5tim5t1 0 born at ,nrnb]g1 9 ! la/ ye> ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,( a naturally feeble con/itution1 unable to mix 9 ! ord9>y amusem5ts ( s*ool-life1 he f\nd ample leisure = lit]ature & = music1 to :i* especially he 0 devot$4 ,mu* ( 8 "t1 also1 0 giv5 to !ological1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 biblical read+1 s t 8 "m unhesitat+ly fix$ ^u ! cl]ical pr(ession z 8 future c>e]4 ,he att5d$ ! ,gymnasium ( 8 native t[n1 at t "t "u ! direction ( ,hegel1 :o ex]cis$ a p]man5t influ5ce ^u 8 m5tal developm5t4 ,9 ! eighte5? ye> ( 8 age he proce$$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,erlang5 = ! /udy ( !ology4 ,d\bts1 h[ev]1 began to di/urb 8 cont5tm5t ) or?odoxy2 &1 m & m dissatisfi$ ) its sy/ems1 ! "y /ud5t rel9qui%$ ! c\rse ( life = :i* he _h believ$ himself de/9$2 &1 aft] att5d+ ! lectures ( ,s*ell+1 he w5t to ,leipsic to apply himself :olly to philology4 ,hav+ complet$ ! usual c\rse ( /udy1 he 0 appo9t$ tea*]1 & aft]w>ds ,pr(essor ( ,lat9 9 ! ,nrnb]g ,gymnasium 7#ahbg74 ,unpleasant relations ) ! ,rector ( ! s*ools 7^: or?odoxy seems to h be5 less que/ionable ?an 8 amiability71 & also1 9 "p1 8 feeble heal?1 oblig$ him to resign ?is po/1 & f t "t he gave himself up exclusively to lit]>y occupations1 :i* 71 = ! mo/ "p1 9 ! doma9 ( philosophic !ology4 ,dur+ 8 pr(essoriate ,daum] _h writt5 8 ,urges*i*te des ,m5s*5gei/es 78,primitive ,hi/ory ( ! ,human ,m9d071 :i* 0 succe$$1 at an int]val ( "s ye>s1 by 8 ,&eutung5 e9es ,sy/ems ,speculativ] ,philosophie 78,intimations ( a ,sy/em ( ,speculative ,philosophy071 9 :i* he attempt$ to f\nd & =mulate a philosophic ,!ism4 ,! unreality ( ! pr(essions & trifl+ ( ^? :o _h mo/ reputation 9 ! 8religi\s0 _w1 e/rang$ him m & m f ! preval5t int]pretations ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,8 ,philosophie1 ,religion1 und ,alt]?um appe>$ 9 #ahcc4 ,two ye>s lat] 8 ,zge zu e9] neu5 ,philosophie d] ,religion & ,religionsges*i*te 78,indications = a ,new ,philosophy ( ,religion & ,hi/ory ( ,religion074 ,9 #ahdb 0 publi%$ ,d] ,feu]-und-,molo*-,di5/ d] ,hebrer 78,! ,fire & ,molo*-,wor%ip ( ! ,hebrews071 & 7#ahdg7 ,die ,geheimnisse des ,*ri/li*5 ,alt]?ums 78,! ,my/]ies ( ,*ri/ian ,antiquity071 9 :i* he po9t$ out t human sacrifice1 & ev5 cannibalism1 7 connect$ ) ! old ,baal-wor%ip ( ! ,jews1 & ma9ta9$ ! new] religion to be1 9 "o important respect1 n s mu* a purification ( ,judaism1 z an app>5tly retrograde movem5t to ! /ill old] religionism4 ,besides ^! & o!r philosophic writ+s1 ,daum] publi%$ a free translation ( ! ,p]sian poet ,hafiz4 ,hafiz 0 foll[$ by ,mahom$ und se9e ,w]ke3 e9e ,sammlung ,ori5talis*] ,ges*i*te 78,mahomm$ & 8 ,actions3 a ,rsum ( ,ori5tal ,hi/ory07 #ahdh2 & 9 #ahee by ,polydora3 e9 ,weltpoetis*es ,li$]bu* 78,polydora3 ,a ,book ( ,lays f ! ,_w's ,poetry074 ,9 8 ,an?ropologismus und ,kriticismus 78,an?ropology & ,criticism071 #ahdd1 are _m assaults ^u ! or?odox dietetic practices2 & 9 ,en?llung5 b] ,kasp> ,haus] 78,revelations 9 reg>d to ,kasp> ,haus]07 he displays ! noxi\s influ5ces ( fle%-eat+ ^u a 8wild boy ( ! woods10 :o _h be5 des]t$ or lo/ by 8 p>5ts 9 8 *ildhood1 & :o _h liv$ an entirely natural life 9 ! =e/s1 eat+ only wild fruits4 ,:5 he _h be5 reclaim$ f ! savage /ate1 8 gu>dians1 x seems1 ?\ght t ! mo/ effectual me?od ( 8civilis+0 _! *>ge 0 to =ce him to disc>d fruits = fle%4 ,! result1 z %[n by ,pr(essor ,daum]1 :o wat*$ ! case ) ! greate/ int]e/1 0 n reassur+ = ! or?odox believ]s4 ,! invet]acy ( ! practice ( kreophagy1 :i* bl9ds m5 to its ess5tial b>b>ism1 z well z its anti-e?ical1 anti-humanis+ influ5ces1 is eloqu5tly insi/$ ^u3-- 8,among ! re=ms necess>y = ! triumph ( true ref9em5t & true morality1 :i* ought to be our e>ne/ aim1 is ! ,dietetic "o1 :i*1 if n ! weightie/ ( all 7all]wi*tig/e71 yet1 und\bt$ly1 is "o ( ! weightie/4 ,/ill is ! #8civilis$' _w /a9$ & defil$ by ! rema9s ( a horrible b>b>ity2 :ile ! old-_w revolt+ practice ( slaught] ( animals & fe$+ on _! corpses /ill is 9 s univ]sal vogue1 t m5 h n ! faculty ev5 ( recognis+ x z su*1 z o!rwise !y w\ld recognise x2 & av]sion f ?is horror provokes c5sure ( su* ecc5tricity1 & amazem5t at any manife/ion ( t5d5cy to re=m1 z at some?+ absurd & ridicul\s--nay1 ar\ses ev5 bitt]ness & hate4 ,to extirpate ?is b>b>ism is a task1 ! accompli%m5t ( :i* lies 9 ! close/ relation%ip ) ! mo/ important pr9ciples ( human5ess1 morality1 /hetics1 & physiology4 ,a f\ndation = real culture--a ?or\gh civilis+ & ref9+ ( humanity--is cle>ly impossible s long z an organis$ sy/em ( murd] & ( corpse-eat+ 7organisirt5 ,mord-und-,lei*5fratz ,sy/em7 prevails by recognis$ cu/om4 8,t ?r\gh a mann] ( liv+1 ( a "* s fo/]+ ( corrupt+ & putrefy+ pr9ciples1 is g5]at$ & n\ri%$ a :ole ho/ ( diseases :i*1 o!rwise1 w\ld n exi/1 is s easy to see1 t only an extremely ob/9ate love ( fle%-meat c bl9d "o to ! fact4 ,be=e ,i r5\nc$ fle%-eat+1 :i*1 unhappily1 ,i _h n ! c\rage to d be=e ,i _h liv$ a half c5tury1 ,i suff]$ f "t to "t f a frightful neuralgia1 :i* tortur$ me _m long days & nights4 ,s9ce ,i ab/a9$ f t diet ,i h rid myself ( ?is evil entirely4 ,obs]vations ( o!r individuals1 9 respect ( ! same & o!r maladies1 h l$ me to ! same conclusion4 ,worms1 = in/ance1 f :i* x =m]ly suff]$1 h entirely disappe>$ 9 a *ild1 :5 x no long] 0 f$ ^u fle%4 8,t ?r\gh ! cadav]\s diet1 also1 v great disadvantages are d]iv$ to ! spiritual & moral nature ( m51 appe>s to me to be prov$ by my exp]i5ce 9 ! case ( my =m] fo/]-son1 ! celebrat$ ,kasp> ,haus]4 ,?is "y man1 ma9ta9$ dur+ 8 close conf9em5t ^u bread & wat]1 = a long "t aft] 8 introduction to ! _w ate no?+ else1 & wi%$ = no?+ else1 z food4 ,:ile he 0 accu/om$1 )\t ill-effect1 to take bread-sops1 oatmeal1 & pla9 *ocolate1 f fle%1 :i* _h = him an intol]able od\r1 he _h conceiv$ a viol5t av]sion4 ,liv+ 9 ?is way he always look$ suffici5tly well-n\ri%$1 he develop$ a rem>kable intellig5ce1 & exhibit$ an extraord9>ily ref9$ & t5d] feel+4 ,he 0 induc$ at la/1 b only by ! mo/ extraord9>y caution & gradually1 to take ! usual fle%-di%es1 by be+ giv5 at fir/ only a few drops ( fle%-s\p 9 8 bread-sops1 &1 :5 he _h gr[n 9 "s measure accu/om$ to x1 by infus+ /rong] +r$i5ts1 & s on4 8,!re 0 n[ manife/$ ! mo/ disa/r\s *ange 9 8 m9d & disposition3 le>n+ became = him /rangely difficult--! nobility ( 8 nature disappe>$ into ! backgr\nd1 & he turn$ out to be no?+ m ?an a v ord9>y individual4 ,!y ascrib$ ?is1 ( c\rse1 to e o!r cause ?an to 8 habituation to ! fle%-diet4 ,i myself 0 at t "t v remote f ! op9ion ( :i* ,i n[ am4 ,f my pres5t /&po9t1 h[ev]1 ,i c]ta9ly _c d\bt t dietetic b>b>ism is = man ( ! mo/ ess5tial h>m1 n alone 9 a physical1 b also 9 an intellectual & moral1 po9t ( view1 h[ev] mu* x may1 at pres5t1 be tak5 "u ! patronage ( physiologi/s & physicians--^u no o!r gr\nd1 app>5tly1 ?an because !y !mselves1 to a melan*oly degree1 are devot$ly atta*$ to ?is inhuman diet4 ,=1 alas6 man is wont to make use ( 8 reason to ju/ify by speci\s %[ ( reason+ :at he likes & delights 9 ^u q o!r gr\nds40#bgh ,( ! re/ ( ! little b& ( ! propagators ( ! tru] ,philosophy 9 ,g]many no long] liv+--:o resolutely bore al(t ! /&>d ( ! ,humanit>ian ,cre$1 at a "t :5 x 0 yet m sc\t$ & scorn$ by ! infidels ?an ev5 at ! pres5t day--des]v+ z !y are ( ev]la/+ gratitude & remembrance at ! h&s ( _! m =tunate successors1 ! limits ( ?is book compel u to be cont5t ) record+ "h ! witness ( "o or two m only2 :ile = acqua9tance ) ! num]\s able & eloqu5t expositions ( _! liv+ repres5tatives--( su* e>ne/ humanit>ian & social re=m]s z ,ed4 ,baltz]1 ,emil ,weil%us]1 ,!odor ,hahn1 ,dr4 ,ad]holdt1 ,a4 von ,seefeld1 ,r4 ,spr+]1 & o!rs-- we mu/ ref] our read]s1 :o wi% to =m an adequate idea ( contempor>y ,g]man anti-kreophagi/ic lit]ature 7z also 9 reg>d to ! equally ext5sive contempor>y ,engli% lit]ature ( ! subject71 to ! orig9al works !mselves4 ,f ,d] ,weg zum ,p>adiese 78,! ,way to ,p>adise07 ! foll[+ extract suffici5tly repres5ts ! inspiration ( ! writ]1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,zimm]mann3-- 8,m5 are almo/ entirely ev]y?+ t !y are by ! =ce ( cu/om2 & ?is =ce1 = ! mo/ "p1 resi/s e o!r p[]1 & rema9s victori\s ov] all4 ,reason itself1 morality1 & consci5ce are submissive to x4 ,9 ! matt] ( ,diet>y ,re=m x displays itself z ! enemy p> excell5ce 7die ,hauptma*t74 ,p w fall back ^u alleg$ impossibilities1 al?\gh x is a "q only ( w & resolution4 ,!y w reject _m ( ! dietetic propositions hi!rto advanc$ z dang]\s #8ab/ractions1' al?\gh !y are f\nd$ 9 hi/ory1 reason1 & human de/9y2 al?\gh a brief enquiry ought to suffice to conv9ce "o ( ! fir/ importance ( ! ,re=m4 ,= al?\gh "o mu/ suppose t all w\ld pref] a long1 heal?y1 & happy exi/5ce to a feeble1 pa9ful life ^u ! old regim51 yet w ! majority ( human be+s ?9k x easi] to attempt to assuage _! torm5ts & pa9s by unc]ta91 &1 by no means1 unhaz>d\s m$ic9e1 r ?an to remove !m by ob$i5ce to ,nature's laws4 ,z x is ) mo/ ( ! highe/ tru?s1 s is x especially ) ,diet>y ,re=m4 ,p w reject x z an ab/raction1 & pron\nce x an impossibility4 ,9 ! future1 h[ev]1 by ! great] numb] ( ! high] m9ds--= su* a sacrifice ( ! l[] & unnatural appetite we d>e n expect f ! ord9>y run ( m5--w x be reg>d$ 9 practice z a great bless+4 ,= ev5 n[ !re are _m exceptions 9 ! social organism = :om ,nature's laws are sup]ior to unreason+ impulse2 = :om morality is sup]ior to mat]iali/ic & m]e s5sual liv+2 = :om duty is sup]ior to sup]fluity4 ,besides1 we are advanc+ t[>ds a human] c5tury2 &1 z ! pres5t is a human] "t ?an ! c5tury be=e1 s lat] w !re be a mild] rgime ?an n[4 ,j z1 9 our days1 exposure ( *ildr51 combats ( gladiators1 torture ( prison]s1 & o!r atrocities are held to be sc&al\s & %ameful1 :ile 9 e>li] times !y 7 ?\ght q ju/ifiable & "r1 s 9 ! future w ! murd] ( animals1 to fe$ ^u _! corpses1 be pron\nc$ to be immoral & indef5sible4 ,already 7#ahdf7 are associations be+ =m$ = ! protection ( ^! be+s2 already n[ are !re _m :o1 l ! nobl] spirits ( antiquity1 apply to _! diet ! wat*word ( morality 7das ,losungswort d] ,moral7 to d good & to ab/a9 f wrong is always1 & above ev]y?+1 possible1 & no long] give _! sanction1 by fe$+ on animals1 to ! torture & kill+ ( innoc5t s5ti5t be+s4 8,accord+ to ! numb] ( proselytes w ! importance ( ! evid5ce be adjudg$4 ,:5 ?\s&s1 practis+ natural diet1 are obs]v$ 9 ! mid/ ( diseas$ fle%-eat]s to be 9 ! enjoym5t ( a prolong$1 happy1 old age1 )\t disease & ! suff]+s ( a vici\s me?od ( life1 !n w ! way be laid d[n = ! _m to ab&on ! liv+ ^u ! corpses ( o!r animals40 ,( a l inspiration is ! indignant prote/ ( ano!r ( ! apo/les ( ,humanit>ianism 9 ,g]many3-- 8,:at humiliation1 :at disgrace = u all1 t x %\ld be necess>y = "o man to exhort o!r m5 n to be inhuman & irrational t[>ds _! fell[-creatures6 ,d !y recognise1 !n1 no m9d1 no s\l 9 !m--h !y n feel+1 pleasure 9 exi/5ce1 d !y n suff] pa98 ,d _! voices ( joy & sorr[ inde$ fail to speak to ! human he>t & consci5ce--s t !y c murd] ! jubilant l>k1 9 ! fir/ joy ( 8 spr+-"t1 :o ought to w>m _! he>ts ) sympa?y1 f delight 9 blood%$ or = _! #8sport1' or ) a horrible ins5sibility & recklessness only to practise _! aim 9 %oot+6 ,is !re no s\l manife/ 9 ! eyes ( ! liv+ or dy+ animal--no expression ( suff]+ 9 ! eye ( a de] or /ag hunt$ to dea?--no?+ :i* accuses !m ( murd] be=e ! av5g+ ,et]nal ,ju/ice8444 ,are ! s\ls ( all o!r animals b man mortal1 or are !y ess5tial 9 _! organisation8 ,does ! _w-idea 7,welt-,idee7 p]ta9 to !m also--! s\l ( nature--a p>ticle ( ! ,div9e ,_s8 ,i "k n2 b ,i feel1 & e reasonable man feels l me1 x is 9 mis]able1 intol]able contradiction ) our human nature1 ) our consci5ce1 ) our reason1 ) all our talk ( humanity1 de/9y1 nobility2 x is 9 frightful 7himmels*re9d]7 contradiction ) our poetry & philosophy1 ) our nature & ) our 7pret5d$7 love ( nature1 ) our religion1 ) our tea*+s ab\t b5evol5t design--t we br+ into exi/5ce m]ely to kill1 to ma9ta9 our own life by ! de/ruction ( o!r life4444 ,x is a frightful wrong t o!r species are tortur$1 worri$1 flay$1 & dev\r$ by u1 9 spite ( ! fact t we are n oblig$ to ?is by necessity2 :ile 9 s9n+ aga9/ ! def5celess & helpless1 j claimants z !y are ^u our reasonable consci5ce & ^u our compassion1 we succe$ only 9 brutalis+ ourselves4 ,?is1 besides1 is q c]ta91 t man has no real pity & compassion = 8 own species1 s long z he is pitiless t[>ds o!r races ( be+s40#bgi ,l4 ,,s*op5hau]4 #aghh-ahfj4 ,! *ief int]pret] ( ,buddhi/ic ideas 9 ,europe1 & ^: bias 9 ?is direction is ex]cis+ s rem>kable an influ5ce ^u contemporane\s ?\ght1 9 ,g]many 9 p>ticul>1 0 born at ,dantzig1 ! son ( a weal?y m]*ant ( t city4 ,8 "m1 h]self di/+ui%$ 9 lit]ature1 0 (t5 ! c5tre ( ! mo/ em95t p]sons ( ! day at ,weim>4 ,at a v e>ly age devot$ to ! philosophies ( ,plato & ( ,kant1 ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau] /udi$ at ! ,univ]sities ( ,gtt+5 & ,b]l94 ,8 c\rse ( /udies1 bo? sci5tific & lit]>y1 01 ev5 = a ,g]man1 unusually sev]e & se>*+2 & 8 acquirem5ts 7 encyclopdic 9 _! range4 ,unlike mo/ ,g]man /ud5ts1 x is wor? not+1 he 0 addict$ nei!r to be]-dr9k+ nor to duell+4 ,8 mo/ important writ+s are3 ,die ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung 78,! ,_w z ,w & ,repres5tation071 #b vols2 ,die ,grundprobleme d] ,e?ik 78,! ,gr\nd-,problems ( ,e?ics072 ,p>]ga und ,p>alipom5a 78,incid5tal & ,neglect$ ,subjects071 #b vols2 ,das ,fundam5t d] ,moral 78,! ,f\ndation ( ,morality071 #ahdj4 ,! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( 8 philosophy are uncompromis+ opposition to ! holl[ doctr9es ( easy-go+ ,optimism--an antagonism :i*1 inde$1 assumes ! =m ( an exagg]at$ ,pessimism--& 7:at especially di/+ui%es him f mo/ sy/ematis]s & =mul>is]s ( morals7 8 mak+ ,compassion ! pr9cipal1 &1 inde$1 ! exclusive s\rce ( moral action2 & x is 8 v9dication ( ! rights ( ! subject species1 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! sil5ce1 or ev5 positive depreciation & contempt = !m1 on ! "p ( ord9>y morali/s1 :i* w always entitle him to take exceptionally high rank among re=m]s ( ,e?ical sy/ems1 9 spite ( 8 exagg]ations & %ort-com+s 9 o!r respects4 ,dr4 ,david ,/rauss 7,d] ,alte und d] ,neue ,glaube7 ?us writes ( 8 claims on ^! gr\nds3-- 8,crim9al hi/ory %[s u h[ _m tortur]s ( m51 & murd]]s1 h fir/ be5 tortur]s ( ! l[] animals4 ,! mann] 9 :i* a nation1 9 ! aggregate1 treats ! o!r species1 is "o *ief measure ( its real civilisation4 ,! ,lat9 races1 z we "k1 come =? badly f ?is exam9ation2 we ,g]mans n half well en\gh4 ,buddhism has done m1 9 ?is direction1 ?an ,*ri/ianity2 & ,s*op5hau] m ?an all anci5t & mod]n philosoph]s toge!r4 ,! w>m sympa?y ) s5ti5t nature1 :i* p]vades all ! writ+s ( ,s*op5hau]1 is "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ aspects ( 8 ?or\ghly intellectual1 ?\gh (t5 unheal?y & unpr(itable1 philosophy40 ,?is1 x is necess>y to add1 pla9ly is writt5 9 ignorance ( ! num]\s writ+s ( e>li] & contemporane\s humanit>ian dieti/s1 to :om1 ( c\rse1 is due a high]1 because m consi/5t & m logical1 position ?an ev5 ,s*op5hau] c claim1 :o1 f ignorance ( ! physical & moral argum5ts ( anti-kreophagy 7x reasonably may be presum$71 at ! same "t t he e/abli%$ ! rights ( ! subject species on ! firme/ basis1 & includ$ !m z an ess5tial "p ( any moral code1 yet1 ) a /range1 b too common1 inconsi/5cy1 did n p]ceive t to h& ov] ! ,c[1 ! ,ox1 or ! ,%eep1 c41 to ! but*]1 is 9 mo/ flagrant violation ( 8 own e?ical /&>d4 ,:ile1 !n1 ! au?or ( ! ,f\ndation ( ,morality _c claim ! highe/ place1 absolutely2 outside ! ranks ( anti-kreophagi/ic writ]s1 a high rank may prop]ly be conc$$ to him z "o ( ! mo/ em95t morali/s :o1 %ort ( entire emancipation1 h done mo/ to v9dicate ! position ( ! innoc5t non-human races4#bhj ,especially has he d5\nc$ ! horrible outrage ^u ! commone/ pr9ciples ( ju/ice by ! pseudo-sci5tific tortur]s ( ! physiological laboratory4#bha ,x is ?us t he lays ! f\ndations ( morality3-- 8,a ,pity1 )\t limits1 :i* unites u ) all liv+ be+s--9 t we h ! mo/ solid1 ! sure/ gu>antee ( morality4 ,) t !re is no ne$ ( casui/ry4 ,:oso possesses x w be q incapable ( caus+ h>m or loss to any "o1 ( do+ viol5ce to any "o1 ( do+ ill 9 any way4 ,b r he w h = all long-suff]+1 he w aid ! helpless ) all 8 p[]s1 & ea* "o ( 8 actions w be m>k$ ) ! /amp ( ju/ice & ( love4 ,try to affirm3 #8?is man is virtu\s1 only he kn[s no pity1' or r3 #8he is an unju/ & wick$ man3 nev]!less1 he is compassionate4' ,! contradiction is pat5t to ev]yone4 ,ea* "o to 8 ta/e3 b = myself1 ,i "k no m beautiful pray] ?an t :i* ! ,h9dus1 ( old us$ 9 clos+ _! public spectacles 7j z ! ,engli% ( to-day end ) a pray] = _! k+74 ,!y said3 #8,may ,all t h life be deliv]$ f suff]+6'0 ,en=c+ 8 tea*+ t ! pr9ciples & ma9spr+ ( all moral action mu/ be ju/ice & love1 ,s*op5hau] ma9ta9s t ! real influ5ce ( ^! fir/ ( virtues is te/$1 especially1 by ! conduct ( m5 to o!r animals3-- 8,ano!r pro( t ! moral motive1 "h propos$1 is1 9 fact1 ! true "o1 is1 t 9 accordance ) x ! l[] animals !mselves are protect$4 ,! unp>donable =getfulness 9 :i* !y h be5 iniquit\sly left hi!rto by all ! popul> morali/s ( ,europe is well kn[n4 ,x is pret5d$ t ! s-call$ bea/s h no rights4 ,!y p]suade !mselves t our conduct 9 reg>d to !m has no?+ to d ) morals1 or 7to speak 9 ! language ( _! morality7 t we h no duties t[>ds #8animals3' a doctr9e revolt+1 gross1 & b>b>\s1 peculi> to ! we/1 & :i* has its root 9 ,judaism4 ,9 ,philosophy1 h[ev]1 x is made to re/ ^u a hypo!sis1 admitt$ 9 ! face ( evid5ce itself1 ( an absolute diff]5ce betwe5 man & #8bea/4' ,x is ,desc>tes :o has proclaim$ x 9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ decisive mann]3 &1 9 fact1 x 0 a necess>y consequ5ce ( 8 errors4 ,! ,c>tesian-,leibnitzian-,wolfian philosophy1 ) ! assi/ance ( entirely ab/ract notions1 _h built up ! #8rational psy*ology1' & con/ruct$ an immortal anima rationalis3 b1 visibly1 ! _w ( #8bea/s1' ) its v natural claims1 /ood up aga9/ ?is exclusive monopoly--?is brevet ( immortality decre$ to man alone--&1 sil5tly1 ,nature did :at %e always does 9 su* cases--%e prote/$4 ,our philosoph]s1 feel+ _! sci5tific consci5ce q di/urb$1 7 =c$ to attempt to consolidate _! #8rational psy*ology' by ! aid ( empiricism4 ,!y1 !re=e1 set !mselves to "w to holl[ out betwe5 man & #8bea/' an enorm\s abyss1 ( an immeasurable wid?2 by ?is !y w\ld wi% to prove to u1 9 contempt ( evid5ce1 an impassable diff]5ce4 ,x 0 at all ^! ef=ts t ,boileau already laugh$3-- #8,les animaux ont-ils des ,univ]sits8 ,voit-on fleurir *ez eux les ,quatre ,facults8' ,9 accordance ) ?is !ory1 #8bea/s' w\ld h f9i%$ ) no long] kn[+ h[ to di/+ui% !mselves f ! ext]nal _w1 ) hav+ no m consci\sness ( _! own exi/5ce ?an ( m9e4 ,aga9/ ^! intol]able ass]tions "o rem$y only 0 ne$$4 ,ca/ a s+le glance at an animal1 ev5 ! smalle/1 ! l[e/ 9 intellig5ce4 ,see ! unb\nd$ egoism ( :i* x is possess$4 ,x is en\gh to conv9ce y t #8bea/s' h ?or\gh consci\sness ( _! ego1 & oppose x to ! _w--to ! non-ego4 ,if a ,c>tesian f\nd himself 9 ! claws ( a ,tig]1 he w\ld le>n1 & 9 ! mo/ evid5t way possible1 :e!r ! ,tig] c di/+ui% betwe5 ! ego & ! non-ego4 ,to ^! sophisms ( ! philosoph]s respond ! sophisms ( ! p4 ,su* are c]ta9 idiotisms1 notably ^? ( ! ,g]man1 :o1 = eat+1 dr9k+1 conception1 bir?1 dea?1 corpse 7:5 #8bea/s' are 9 "q71 has special t]ms2 s mu* w\ld he fe> to employ ! same words z = m54 ,he ?us succe$s 9 dissimulat+1 "u ?is div]sity ( t]ms1 ! p]fect id5tity ( ?+s4 8,! anci5t languages knew no?+ ( ?is sort ( synonymy1 & !y simply call$ ?+s :i* are ! same by "o & ! same "n4 ,^! artificial ideas1 !n1 mu/ ne$s h be5 an inv5tion ( ! prie/hood prtraille ( ,europe1 a lot ( sacrilegi\s p :o knew n by :at means to debase1 to vilip5d ! et]nal ess5ce :i* lives 9 ! sub/ance ( e animat$ be+4 ,9 ?is way !y h succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ 9 ,europe ^? wick$ habits ( h>dness & cruelty t[>ds #8bea/s1' :i* a native ( ,high ,asia c\ld n behold )\t a j horror4 ,9 ,engli% we d n f9d ?is infam\s inv5tion2 t is ow+1 d\btless1 to ! fact t ! ,saxons1 at ! mom5t ( ! conque/ ( ,engl&1 7 n yet ,*ri/ians4 ,nev]!less1 ! p5d5t ( x is f\nd 9 ?is p>ticul>ity ( ! ,engli% language3 all ! names ( animals !re are ( ! neut] g5d]3 &1 z a consequ5ce1 :5 ! "n is to be repres5t$ by ! pron\n1 !y use ! neut] x1 absolutely z = inanimate objects4 ,no?+ is m %ock+ ?an ?is idiom1 especially :5 ! primates are spok5 (--! ,dog1 = example1 ! ,ape1 & o!rs4 ,"o _c fail to recognise "h a di%one/ device 7f\rb]ie7 ( ! prie/s to debase o!r animals to ! rank ( ?+s4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians1 = :om ,religion 0 ! unique bus9ess ( life1 depos$ 9 ! same tombs human mummies & ^? ( ! ,ibis1 c42 b 9 ,europe x w\ld be an abom9ation1 a crime1 to int] ! fai?ful ,dog ne> ! place :]e 8 ma/] lies2 & yet x is ^u ?is tomb sometimes t1 m fai?ful & m devot$ ?an man ev] 01 he has await$ dea?4 8,if y wi% to "k h[ f> ! id5tity betwe5 #8bea/' & man ext5ds1 no?+ w conduct to su* k bett] ?an a little ,zoology & ,anatomy4 ,yet :at are we to say :5 an anatomical bigot is se5 at ?is day 7#ahci7 to be lab\r+ to e/abli% an absolute1 radical1 di/9ction betwe5 man & o!r animals2 proce$+ s f> 9 enmity aga9/ true ,zoologi/s--^? :o1 )\t conspiracy ) ! prie/hoods1 )\t platitude1 )\t t>tuf]ie1 p]mit !mselves to be conduct$ by ,nature & ,tru?--z to attack !m1 to calumniate !m6 8,yet ?is sup]iority ( man ov] o!r mammals ( ! high] species dep5ds b ^u a m ample developm5t ( ! bra9--^u a diff]5ce 9 "o "p ( ! body only2 ?is diff]5ce1 besides1 be+ b "o ( quantity4 ,yes1 man & o!r animals are1 bo? z reg>ds ! moral & ! physical1 id5tical 9 k9d1 )\t speak+ ( o!r po9ts ( comp>ison4 ,?us "o might well recall to !m--^! ,judais+ we/]ns1 ^! m5ag]ie-keep]s1 ^! ador]s ( #8reason'--t if _! "m has giv5 suck to !m1 ,dogs also h !irs to suckle !m4 ,kant fell into ?is error1 :i* is t ( 8 "t & ( 8 c\ntry3 ,i h already br\ght ! reproa* aga9/ him4 ,! morality ( ,*ri/ianity has no reg>d = #8bea/s2' x is !re9 a vice1 & x is bett] to av[ x ?an to et]nise x4 ,we ought to be all ! m a/oni%$ at x1 because ?is morality is 9 /rik+ accord ) ! moral codes ( ,brahmanism & ( ,buddhism4 8,betwe5 pity t[>ds #8bea/s' & goodness ( s\l !re is a v close connexion4 ,"o might say )\t hesitation1 :5 an individual is wick$ 9 reg>d to !m1 t he _c be a good man4 ,"o might1 also1 demon/rate t ?is pity & ! social virtues h ! same s\rce4444 ,t bett] section ( ! ,engli% nation1 ) its great] delicacy ( feel+1 we see x tak+ ! initiative1 & di/+ui%+ itself by its unusual compassion t[>ds o!r species1 giv+ f "t to "t new pro(s ( x--?is compassion1 triumph+ ov] t #8cold sup]/ition' :i*1 9 o!r respects1 degrades ! nation1 has _h ! /r5g? to =ce x to fill up ! *asm :i* ,religion _h left 9 morality4 ,?is ,*asm is1 9 fact1 ! reason :y 9 ,europe & 9 ,n4 ,am]ica1 we h ne$ ( societies = ! protection ( ! l[] animals4 ,9 ,asia ! ,religions suffice to assure to #8bea/s' aid & protection 7871 & !re no "o ?9ks ( ,societies ( t k9d4 ,nev]!less 9 ,europe1 also1 f day to day r by int]vals ( decades is be+ awak5$ ! feel+ ( ! ,rights ( ! l[] animals1 9 proportion z1 little by little1 disappe>1 vani%1 ! /range ideas ( man's dom9ation ov] o!r animals1 z if !y _h be5 plac$ 9 ! _w b = our s]vice & enjoym5t1 = x is ?anks to ^? ideas t !y h be5 treat$ z ,?+s4 8,su* are1 c]ta9ly1 ! causes ( t gross conduct1 ( t absolute want ( reg>d1 ( :i* ,europeans are guilty t[>ds ! l[] animals2 & ,i h %[n ! s\rce ( ^? ideas1 :i* is 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 section #agg ( ! second volume ( my ,p>]ga40#bhb 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! _m em95t sci5ti/s :o1 9 rec5t times1 indirectly h affirm$ ! wantonness ( slaught]+ = human food1 ! mo/ fam\s ( ,european ,*emi/s1 ,ju/us von ,liebig1 may seem to dem& especial notice4 ,,! f\nd] ( ! sci5ce ( ,organic ,*emi/ry & ! me?od ( ,organic ,analysis 7#ahjc-ahgc71 educat$ at ! ,univ]sities ( ,bonn & ,erlang51 receiv$ 8 diploma ( ,doctor 9 ,philosophy 7physical & ma!matical sci5ces7 at ! age ( n9ete54 ,two ye>s lat]1 *iefly by ! influ5ce ( ,humboldt1 he 0 nam$ ,pr(essor ,extraord9>y ( ,*emi/ry at ,giess51 :i!r a cr[d ( disciples flock$ f all p>ts ( ,g]many & f ,engl&4 ,9 #ahcb he accept$ a ,*air at ,muni*4 ,all ! ,sci5tific ,societies ( ,europe 7 eag] 9 (f]+ him honor>y di/9ctions4 ,x is 8 application ( 8 ,special ,sci5ce to ! advancem5t ( ,agriculture1 & 8 m philosophic1 ?\gh 7x mu/ be add$7 occasionally contradictory views ^u ! comp>ative values ( ,foods1 :i* give him 8 be/ title to remembrance ) po/]ity4 ,we c enum]ate only a few ( 8 num]\s works3 ,ueb] ,!orie und ,praxis d] ,l&wir?s*aft 78,^u ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,agricultural ,economy710 ,brunswick1 #ahbd1 translat$ into ,engli%2 ,anleitung zur ,analyse ,organis*e ,krp] 78,introduction to ! ,organic ,analysis ( ,bodies071 #ahcg2 ,die ,organis*e ,*emie 9 ihr5 ,anw5dung auf ,physiologie und ,pa?ologie 78,organic ,*emi/ry 9 its ,relation%ip to ,physiology & ,pa?ology071 #ahci2 8,rese>*es ^u ,alim5t>y ,*emi/ry10 #ahdi2 ,*emis*e ,briefe 78,lett]s ^u ,*emi/ry consid]$ 9 ,relation ) ,indu/ry1 ,agriculture1 & ,physiology071 #aheb4 ,:atev] op9ions ?is em95t ,g]man ,*emi/ may h publi%$ else:]e inconsi/5t ) ! /atem5ts bel[1 su* inconsi/5cy1 no m ?an 9 ! case ( ,buffon1 c weak5 ! =ce ( 8 m reasonable utt]ance4 ,^u ! ess5tial ultimate id5tity ( ! nutritive prop]ties ( animal & vegetable sub/ance he ?us cle>ly pron\nces3-- 8,vegetable fibr9e & animal fibr9e1 vegetable album5 & animal album51 diff] at ! mo/ 7h*/5s7 9 =m4 ,if ^! pr9ciples 9 n\ri%m5t fail1 ! n\ri%m5t ( ! animal w be cut (f2 if !y obta9 !m1 !n ! grass-fe$+ animal gets ! same pr9ciples 9 8 food z ^? ^u :i* ! fle%-eat] entirely dep5ds4 ,vegetables produce 9 _! organism ! blood ( all be+s4 ,s t :5 ! fle%-eat]s consume ! blood & fle% ( ! vegetable-eat]s1 !y take to !mselves exactly & simply ! vegetable pr9ciples4 8,vegetable ,foods1 9 p>ticul> ,corn ( all k9ds1 & ?r\gh ^! ,bread1 conta9 z mu* iron z ! fle% ( ,ox5 or z o!r k9ds ( fle%4 8,c]ta9 x is1 t ( ?ree m51 ( :om ! "o has f$ ^u ox-fle% & bread1 ! o!r ^u bread & *eese1 ! ?ird ^u potatoes1 ea* consid]s x a peculi> h>d%ip f q diff]5t po9ts ( view2 yet 9 fact ! only diff]5ce betwe5 !m is ! action ( ! peculi> elem5ts ( ea* food ^u ! bra9 & n]v\s sy/em4 ,a ,be>1 :o 0 kept 9 a zoological g>d51 display$1 s long z he _h bread exclusively = n\ri%m5t1 q a mild disposition4 ,two days ( fe$+ ) fle% made him vici\s1 aggressive1 & ev5 dang]\s to 8 att5dant4 ,x is well kn[n t ! vis irritabilis ( ! ,hog becomes s excessive ?r\gh fle%-eat+ t he w !n attack a man4 8,! fle%-eat+ man ne$s = 8 support an enorm\s ext5t ( l&1 wid] & m ext5sive ev5 ?an ! ,lion & ! ,tig]4 ,a nation ( ,hunt]s 9 a circumscrib$ t]ritory is incapable ( multiply+ itself = t reason4 ,! c>bon necess>y = ma9ta9+ life mu/ be tak5 f animals1 ( :om 9 ! limit$ area !re c be only a limit$ numb]4 ,^! animals collect f ! plants ! elem5ts ( _! blood & _! organs1 & supply !m to ! ,indians liv+ by ! *ase1 :o dev\r !m unaccompani$ by ! sub/ance 7/(f57 :i* dur+ ! life ( ! animal ma9ta9$ ! life processes4 ,:ile ! ,indian1 by fe$+ ^u a s+le animal1 might contrive to su/a9 8 life & heal? a c]ta9 numb] ( days1 he mu/1 9 ord] to ga9 = t "t ! requisite heat1 dev\r five animals4 ,8 food conta9s a sup]fluity ( nitrog5\s sub/ance4 ,:at is want+ to x dur+ ! great] portion ( ! ye> is ! necess>y quantity ( c>bon1 & h5ce ! invet]ate incl9ation ( fle% consum]s = br&y4 8,! practical illu/ration ( agricultural sup]iority _c be m cle>ly & pr(\ndly giv5 ?an 9 ! spee* ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,*ief1 :i* ! ,fr5*man ,crevec\s has report$ to u4 ,! ,*ief1 recomm5d+ to 8 tribe ! practice ( ,agriculture1 ?us address$ x3 #8,d y n obs]ve t1 :ile we live ^u ,fle%1 ! :ite m5 live 9 "p ^u ,gra98 ,t ,fle% takes m ?an ?irty mon?s to gr[ to maturity1 & besides is (t5 sc>ce8 ,t ea* ( ^! miracul\s gra9s ( corn1 :i* !y bury 9 ! e>?1 gives back to !m m ?an a hundr$fold8 ,t ,fle% has f\r legs ^u :i* to run away1 & we h only two to ov]take !m8 ,t ! ,corn rema9s & gr[s :]e ! :ite m5 s[ x2 t ! w9t]1 :i* = u is a "t ( toilsome hunt+1 is = !m ! "t ( re/8 ,!re=e h !y s _m *ildr51 & live s mu* long] ?an we4 ,i say1 !n1 to ea* "o :o he>s me3 ,be=e ! trees ov] our wigwams h di$ f old age1 & ! maples h ceas$ to supply u ) sug>1 ! race ( ! corn-plant] w h ext]m9at$ ! race ( ! fle%-eat]1 because ! hunt]s det]m9e n to s[4'0#bhc ,liebig's views z to ! mis*iev\s effects ( ! prop5sity ( f>m]s1 & ( s-call$ agriculturi/s1 to conv]t arable into pa/ure l& are suffici5tly well kn[n4#bhd ,,app5dix4 ,i4 ,,hesiod4 ,! orig9al ( ! ,engli% v]sion1 giv5 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is "w1 is z foll[s3-- 1 1 1 ' ' 4 99 99 99 99 99 ' 4 ' 1 1 ' ' ' 1 ' ' 1 1 #bhe 1 1 1 1#bhf 1 ' 1 4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 1 ' 1 4 7,works & ,days71 passim4 ,,ii4 ,extracts f 8,! ,gold5 ,v]ses0 7 74 ,an ,exposition ( ,py?agorean ,doctr9e1 ( ! ,?ird ,c5tury1 ,b4,c41 9 ,hexamet]s4 7,see pages #ba1 #bb47 ' -- 1 1 1 ' ' ' ' 4 4 ' 4 99 99 99 99 99 1 1 ' 1 4 99 99 99 99 99 ' ' -- ' -- ' 1 4 1 ' 4 1 99 99 99 99 99 1 ' 1 1 4 ' 1 ' 1 4 ' ' 1 ' 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 ' 1 1 1 1 ' ' 1 1 1 1 4#bhg ,,iii4 ,9 ,texts f ! ,buddhi/ ,canon1 ,love or ,compassion = all liv+ be+s is ?us inculcat$ by ,buddha1 9 a s]mon address$ to a numb] ( wom5 7belong+ to a class ( hunt]s7 ^: husb&s 7 !n engag$ on "o ( _! pr$atory excursions3-- 8,he :o is humane does n kill2 he is ev] able to pres]ve 8 own8 life4 ,?is pr9ciple is imp]i%able4 ,:osoev] obs]ves x1 no calamity %all betide t man4 ,polit5ess1 indiff]5ce to worldly ?+s1 hurt+ no "o1 )\t place = annoyance--?is is ! "* ( ! ,brahma ,heav54 ,ev] ex]cis+ love t[>ds ! infirm2 pure1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ,buddha2 kn[+ :5 suffici5t has be5 _h2 kn[+ :5 to /op4 8,!re are elev5 advantages :i* att5d ! man :o practises compassion1 & is t5d] to all t lives3 8 body is always 9 heal? 7happy72 he is bless$ ) peaceful sleep1 & :5 engag$ 9 /udy he is also compos$2 he has no evil dreams1 he is protect$ by ,heav5 7,devas7 & lov$ by m52 he is unmole/$ by poison\s ?+s1 & escapes ! viol5ce ( w>2 he is unh>m$ by fire or wat]2 he is successful :]ev] he lives1 &1 :5 dead1 goes to ! ,heav5 ( ,brahma40 ,:5 he _h utt]$ ^! words1 bo? m5 & wom5 7 admitt$ into ! company ( 8 disciples1 & obta9$ re/4 ,!re 01 9 times gone by1 a c]ta9 mighty ,k+1 call$ ,ho-meh 7love-d>kness71 :o rul$ 9 a c]ta9 di/rict :]e no tid+s ( ,buddha or 8 m]ciful doctr9e _h yet be5 he>d2 b ! religi\s practices 7 ! usual ones ( sacrifice & pray] to ! gods = protection4 ,n[ x happ5$ t ! ,k+'s "m1 be+ sick1 ! physicians hav+ va9ly tri$ _! m$ic9e1 all ! wise m5 7 call$ to consult z to ! be/ means ( re/or+ h] heal?4444 ,on ! ,k+ ask+ !m ! ,brahman prie/s :at %\ld be done1 !y repli$ 444 sacrifices ( a hundr$ bea/s ( diff]5t k9ds %\ld be (f]$ on ! f\r hills 7or to ! f\r qu>t]s71 ) a "y *ild1 z a cr[n+ oblation to ,heav54 ,"h foll[s a description ( ! ,k+ ord]+ a hundr$ head ( ,elephants1 ,horses1 ,ox51 & ,%eep to be driv5 along ! road f ! ,ea/]n ,gate t[>ds ! place ( sacrifice1 & h[ _! pite\s cries rang ?r\gh heav5 & e>?4--,editor's ,note4 ,on ?is ,buddha1 mov$ ) compassion1 came to ! spot1 & prea*$ a s]mon on 8,love to all t ,live10 & add$ ^! words3-- 8,if a man live a hundr$ ye>s1 & engage ! :ole ( 8 "t & att5tion 9 religi\s (f]+s to ! gods1 sacrific+ ,elephants & ,horses1 & o!r life1 all ?is is n equal to "o act ( pure love 9 sav+ life40 ,see ,texts f ! ,buddhi/ ,canon1 commonly kn[n z ,dhammapada--) accompany+ ,n>ratives--,translat$ f ! ,*9ese1 by ,samuel ,beal1 ,pr(essor ( ,*9ese1 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london--,trbn]1 #ahgh3 & ! simil> sc5e 9 ,! ,light ( ,asia1 :]e ,buddha int]poses at ! mom5t ( a religi\s sacrifice3-- 8,b ,buddha s(tly said1 #8,let him n /rike1 great ,k+6' & !re) loos$ ,! victim's bonds1 none /ay+ him1 s great ,8 pres5ce 04 ,!n1 crav+ leave1 he spake ,( life :i* all c take b none c give1 ,life1 :i* all creatures love & /rive to keep1 ,wond]ful1 de> & pleasant unto ea*1 ,ev5 to ! meane/2 yea1 a boon to all ,:]e ,pity is1 = ,pity makes ! _w ,s(t to ! ,weak1 & noble = ! ,/rong4 ,unto ! dumb lips ( 8 flock he l5t ,sad plead+ words1 %ew+ h[ man1 :o prays ,= m]cy to ! ,gods1 is m]ciless1 ,be+ z ,god to ^?3 albeit all ,life ,is l9k$ & k91 & :at we slay h giv5 ,meek tribute ( ! milk & wool1 & set ,fa/ tru/ ^u ! h&s t murd] !m4 99 99 99 99 99 8,nor1 spake he1 %all "o wa% 8 _s clean ,by blood2 nor gladd5 gods1 be+ good1 ) blood2#bhh ,nor bribe !m1 be+ evil3 nay1 nor lay ,^u ! br[ ( innoc5t b\nd bea/s ,"o hair's weight ( t answ] all mu/ give ,= all ?+s done amiss or wrongfully1 ,alone--ea* = himself--reckon+ ) t ,! fix$ ari?mic ( ! ,univ]se1 ,:i* mete? good = good & ill = ill1 ,measure = measure1 unto de$s1 words1 ?\ghts4 99 99 99 99 99 8,:ile /ill our ,"l w5t on1 tea*+ h[ fair ,?is e>? 71 if all liv+ ?+s be l9k$ ,9 fri5dl9ess1 & common use ( foods1 ,bloodless & pure2 ! gold5 gra91 bright fruits1 ,sweet h]bs :i* gr[ = all1 ! wat]s wan1 ,suffici5t dr9ks & meats--:i* :5 ^! he>d1 ,! might ( g5tl5ess s conqu]$ !m1 ,! prie/s !mselves scatt]$ _! alt>-flames ,& flung away ! /eel ( sacrifice3 ,& ?r\gh ! l& next day pass$ a decree ,proclaim$ by cri]s1 & 9 ?is wise grav$ ,on rock & column3 #8,?us ! ,k+'s w is3-- ,!re ha? be5 slaught] = ! ,sacrifice1 ,& slay+ = ! ,meat1 b h5ce=? none ,%all spill ! blood ( life1 nor ta/e ( fle%1 ,see+ t ,k gr[s1 & ,life is "o1 ,& m]cy come? to ! m]ciful4'0#bhi ,see also ! annex$ extracts f ! ,buddhi/ ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 writt5 probably ab\t ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c43-- 8,! ,%ort ,p>agraphs on ,conduct40--,! ,kla ,slam4 #a4 8,n[ :]e91 ,vset?a1 is 8 ! true disciple's ,conduct good8 ,h]e91 ,o ,vset?a1 t putt+ away ! ,murd] ( t :i* lives1 he ab/a9s f ,de/roy+ ,life4 ,! cudgel & ! sword he lays aside2 &1 full ( ,mode/y & ,pity1 he is compassionate & k9d to all be+s t h life4 8,?is is ! k9d ( ,goodness t he has4 ,aft] /rict prohibitions ( ,robb]y & ,un*a/ity1 ,gautama ,buddha proce$s4 #d4 8,putt+ away ,ly+1 he ab/a9s f speak+ ,falsehood4 ,he speaks ,tru?4 ,f ! ,tru? he nev] sw]ves4 ,fai?ful & tru/wor?y1 he injures n 8 fell[-m5 by deceit4 8,?is is ! k9d ( ,goodness t he has4 #e4 8,putt+ away ,sl&]1 he ab/a9s f ,calumny4 ,:at he le>ns "h he repeats n else:]e1 to raise a qu>rel aga9/ ! p "h4 ,:at he le>ns else:]e1 c4 ,?us he lives z a b9d] toge!r ( ^? :o are divid$1 an enc\rag] ( ^? :o are fri5ds1 impassion$ = ,peace1 a speak] ( words t make = ,peace4 8,?is1 too1 c4 #f4 8,putt+ away ,bitt]ness ( ,spee*1 he ab/a9s f h>% language4 ,:atev] ^w is humane1 pleasant to ! e>1 lovely1 rea*+ to ! he>t1 urbane--su* are ! words he speaks4 #g4 8,putt+ away ,fooli% ,talk1 he ab/a9s f ,va9 ,conv]sation1 c4 #h4 8,he ab/a9s f ,injur+ any ,h]b uselessly or any ,animal4 ,he takes b "o meal a day1 ab/a9+ f food at night-"t1 or at ! wrong "t1 c4 #aj4 8,he ab/a9s f ,brib]y1 ,*eat+1 ,fraud1 & ,crook$ ,ways4 8,?is1 too1 c4 #aa4 8,he refra9s f ,maim+1 ,kill+1 ,imprison+1 ,highway-,robb]y1 ,plund]+ ,villages1 or obta9+ money by ?reats ( ,viol5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 8,& he lets 8 m9d p]vade "o qu>t] ( ! ,_w ) ?\ghts ( ,love1 & s ! second1 & s ! ?ird1 & s ! f\r?4 ,& ?us ! :ole ,wide ,_w above1 bel[1 ar\nd1 & ev]y:]e1 does he cont9ue to p]vade ) he>t ( ,love--f>-rea*+1 gr[n great1 & beyond measure4 #b4 8,j1 ,vset?a1 z a mighty ,trumpet] makes himself he>d1 & t )\t difficulty1 9 all ! f\r directions1 ev5 s1 ( all ,?+s t h ,%ape or ,life1 !re is n "o t he passes by or leaves aside2 b he reg>ds !m all ) m9d set free1 & deep-felt love4 8,v]ily ?is1 ,vset?a1 is ! way to a /ate ( union ) ,brahm4 #c4 8,& he lets 8 m9d p]vade all p>ts ( ! ,_w ) ?\ghts ( ,pity1 ,sympa?y1 & ,equanimity4 99 99 99 99 99 #i4 8,:5 he _h ?us spok51 ! "y ,brhmans1 ,vset?a & ,bhradvga1 address$ ! ,bless$ ,"o1 & said3-- #8,mo/ excell5t1 ,"l1 are ! words ( ?y m\?1 mo/ excell5t6 ,j z if a man 7 to set up t :i* is ?r[n d[n1 or 7 to reveal t :i* is hidd5 away1 or 7 to po9t out ! "r road to him :o has gone a/ray1 or 7 to br+ a ,lamp into ! ,d>kness1 s t ^? :o h eyes c see et]nal =ms--j ev5 s1 ,"l1 has ! ,tru? be5 made kn[n to u1 9 _m a figure1 by ! ,bless$ ,"o4 ,& we1 ev5 we1 betake ourselves1 ,"l1 to ! ,bless$ ,"o1 z our ,refuge1 to ! ,tru? & to ! ,bro!rhood4 ,may ! ,bless$ ,"o accept u z disciples1 z true believ]s f ?is "t =?1 s long z life endures6'0--,buddhi/ ,suttas1 ,translat$ f ,pli1 by ,t4 ,w4 ,rhys ,davids4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/4 ,ed4 by ,max ,mll]1 ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d4 #ahha4 ,z = ! old] 7sac]dotal7 religionism ( ! ,p59sula--t ( ,brahma--! =ce ( ,tru? obliges u "h to rem>k t1 :ile ! great mass ( ! ,h9dus cont9ue to %r9k ) disgu/ & abhorr5ce f ! ,slaught]-h\se & f ! sangu9>y diet ( _! conqu]ors & rul]s1 ,mohamm$an & ,*ri/ian1 ! ri*] classes1 & ev5 _m ( ! ,brahm9s & prie/s h long con=m$1 9 great measure at lea/1 to ,we/]n dietetic practices2 & 7! fle% ( ! ,c[ or ,ox except$71 no m ?an o!r religioni/s d !y scruple to violate ! laws ( _! ,sacr$ ,books--! ,v$as--:i*1 h[ev]1 are n s humane z ! tea*+ ( ! great ,f\nd] ( ,buddhism1 z pres]v$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 ! ,tripataka1 be+ m ess5tially ritual & c]emonial ?an its popul> (f-%oot4 ,yet !re are traces 9 ! sacr$ writ+s ( ,h9duism ( a /rong consci\sness ( ! irreligionism ( fe$+ ^u slaught]$ animals1 z 9 ! ,laws ( ,manu1 _! ,sacr$ ,legislator1 :]e x is laid d[n t3-- 8,! man :o =sakes n ! ,laws1 & eats n fle%-meat l a blood-?ir/y demon1 %all atta9 good-w 9 ?is _w1 & %all n be afflict$ ) ,maladies40--7,quot$ 9 ! ,works ( ,sir ,wm4 ,jones1 vol4 iii41 #bjf47 8,! man :o p]ceives 9 8 own s\l ! ,supreme ,good pres5t 9 all be+s acquires equanimity t[>ds !m all1 & %all be absorb$1 at la/1 9 ! highe/ ,ess5ce--ev5 9 t ( ! ,almighty himself40--,conclusion ( ! ,laws ( ,manu4 ,x is sup]flu\s to insi/ ^u ! fact t inhabitants ( ! hott] &1 9 p>ticul>1 ( ! tropical regions ( ! globe h1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 ev5 less valid pretexts = resort+ to but*]+ ?an h ! natives ( cold] climates2 & t proportionally1 !re=e1 is ! reprobation to :i* !y are obnoxi\s4 7,see1 among o!r rec5t te/imony1 t ( ,%ib ,*und] ,bose 9 8 int]e/+ book--,! ,h9dus z !y ,are4 ,london3 ,ed4 ,/an=d1 #ahha74 ,! writ] has usefully expos$ ! ye>ly-increas+ evils to ,india f ! example ( ,engli% dietetic habits4 ,,iv4 ,,ovid4 ,! orig9al 7! peculi> beauties ( :i* _c easily be repres5t$ 9 a mod]n idiom7 ( ! ,engli% v]sion already giv5 9 ?is "w1 ) ! conclud+ v]ses omitt$ 9 t translation1 is "h subjo9$3-- ,primusque animalia m5sis ,arcuit imponi3 primus quoque talibus ora ,docta quidem solvit1 s$ non et cr$ita1 v]bis3-- 8,p>cite1 mortales1 dapibus tem]>e nef&is ,corpora4 ,sunt ,fruges2 sunt d$uc5tia ramos ,pond]e ,poma suo1 tumidque 9 vitibus ,uv4 ,sunt ,h]b ,dulces2 sunt1 qu mitesc]e flamm1 ,mollirique queant4 ,nec vobis lacteus ,humor ,eripitur1 nec ,mella ?ymi r$ol5tia florem4 ,prodiga divitias alim5taque mitia ,tellus ,sugg]it3 atque epulas s9e ,cde et ,sangu9e prbet4 ,c>ne ,f] s$ant jejunia2 nec tam5 ,omnes4 ,quippe ,equus1 et ,pecudes1 ,arm5taque gram9e vivunt4 ,at quibus +5ium e/ immansuetumque f]umque-- ,arm5i ,tigres1 iracundique ,leones1 ,cumque ,lupis ,ursi--dapibus cum sangu9e gaud5t4 ,heu quantum ,scelus e/--9 visc]a visc]a condi1 ,conge/oque avidum p+uesc]e corpore corpus1 ,alt]iusque animantem animantis viv]e leto6 ,scilicet 9 tantis opibus1 quas optima ,matrum ,t]ra p>it1 nil to nisi tri/ia m&]e svo ,vuln]a d5te juvat1 ritusque ref]re ,cyclopum8 ,nec1 nisi p]did]is alium1 plac>e voracis ,et male morati pot]is jejunia v5tris8 ,at vetus illa tas1 cui fecimus ,aurea nom51 ,ftibus arboreis et1 quas humus educat1 ,h]bis ,=tunata fuit3 nee polluit ora ,cruore4 ,tunc et ,aves tutas mov]e p] ara p5nas1 ,et ,lepus impavidus m$iis erravit 9 agris3 ,nec sua cr$ulitas piscem susp5d]at hamo4 ,cuncta s9e insidiis1 nullamque tim5tia ,fraudem1 ,pl5aque ,pacis erant4 ,po/quam non utilis auctor ,victibus invidit 7quisquis fuit ille virorum71 ,corporeasque dapes avidam dem]sit 9 alvum4 ,fecit it] scel]i2 primque e cde ,f]>um ,incaluisse putem maculatum sangu9e f]rum4 ,idque satis fu]at2 no/rumque pet5tia letum ,corpora missa neci1 salv pietate1 fatemur3 ,s$ qum d&a neci1 tm non epul&a1 fu]unt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,quid m]ui/is1 ,oves1 placidum pecus1 inque tu5dos ,natum hom9es1 pl5o qu f]tis 9 ub]e nect>8 ,mollia qu nobis ve/ras velam9a ,lanas ,prbetis1 ,vitque magis qum morte juvatis4 ,quid m]ure ,boves--animal s9e fraude dolisque ,innocuum1 simplex1 natum tol]>e labores8 ,immemor e/ demm1 nee ,frugum1 mun]e dignus1 ,qui potuit1 curvi dempto modo pond]e aratri1 ,ruricolam mact>e suum3 qui trita labore ,illa1 quibus toties durum r5ovav]at ,arvum1 ,tot d$]at messes1 p]cussit colla securi40 8,nec satis e/ qud tale nefas committitur3 ipsos ,inscripsre ,deos scel]i1 num5que ,sup]num ,cde ,laborif]i cr$unt gaud]e ,juv5ci6 ,victima labe c>5s1 et pr/antissima =m1 7,nam placuisse nocet71 vittis prsignis et auro1 ,si/itur ante aras1 auditque ign>a precantem3 ,imponique su videt1 int] cornua1 fronti ,quas coluit fruges1 p]cussaque sangu9e cultros ,inficit 9 liquid prvisos =sitan und4 ,prot9us ereptas viv5ti pectore fibras ,inspiciunt3 m5tesque ,dem scrutantur 9 illis6#bij 8,unde fames ,hom9i vetitorum tanta ciborum8 ,audetis vesci1 g5us ,o ,mortale6 ,quod1 oro1 ,ne facite3 et monitis animos adv]tite no/ris4 ,cumque ,bom dabitis csorum membra palato ,m&]e vos ve/ros scite et s5tite ,colonos4 99 99 99 99 99 8,neve ,?ye/is cumulemur visc]a m5sis4 ,qum male consuescit1 qum se p>at ille cruori4 ,impius humano1 ,vituli qui guttura cultro ,rumpit1 et immotas prbet mugitibus aures6 ,aut qui vagitus similes pu]ilibus ,hdum ,ed5tem jugul>e pote/2 aut ,alite vesci ,cui d$it ipse cibos--,quantum e/1 quod desit 9 i/is ,ad pl5um fac9us6 ,qu transitus inde p>atur6 8,bos aret1 aut mortem s5ioribus imputet annis3 ,horrif]um contra ,borean ,ovis arma m9i/ret2 ,ub]a d5t satur manibus pr/&a ,capell4 ,retia cum p$icis1 laqueosque1 artesque dolosas ,tollite3 nec ,volucrem viscat fallite virg1 ,nec =midatis ,c]vos eludite p9nis1 ,nec celate cibis uncos fallacibus hamos4 ,p]dite1 si qua noc5t3 v]m hc quque p]dite tantm3 ,ora vac5t epulis1 alim5taque congrua c>pant40 ,metamorphoseon1 ,lib4 xv4 #gb-adb1 #dfb-dgh4 ,nor is ?is ! only passage 9 8 writ+s 9 :i* ! ,pagan poet proves himself to h be5 n )\t t human5ess & feel+ s r>e alike 9 non-,*ri/ian & 9 ,*ri/ian poetry4 ,9 ! *>m+ /ory ( ! visit ( ! disguis$ & inc>nate ,cele/ials to ! cottage ( ! pi\s peasants1 ,philemon & ,baucis1 ,ovid takes ! opportunity to pres5t an allur+ picture ( ! innoc5t fruits :i* 7 plac$ be=e ! div9e gue/s--a picture :i*1 probably1 0 pres5t to ,milton 9 record+ ! simil> hospitality ( ,eve4 ,among ! fragrant di%es--8sav\ry fruits1 ( ta/e to please true appetite0--appe> ,figs1 ,nuts1 ,dates1 ,plums1 ,grapes1 ,apples1 ,olives1 ,radi%es1 ,onions1 & ,endive1 ) ,honey1 ,eggs1 & ,milk3-- 8,ponitur hc bicolor s9c] bacca ,m9]v1 ,conditaque 9 liquid ,corna autumnalia fce3 ,intubaque et ,radix1 et ,lactis massa ,coacti3 ,ovaque1 non acri levit] v]sata ,favill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hc ,nux1 hc mi/a e/ rugosis ,c>ica ,palmis1 ,prunaque1 et 9 patulis r$ol5tia ,mala cani/ris1 ,et de purpureis collect vitibus ,uv4 ,c&idus 9 m$io ,favus e/3 sup] omnia vultus ,accessre boni40 444 ,we are n surpris$1 h[ev]1 t1 not)/&+ all ?is v>iety ( suffici5t foods1 ignorant peasants1 imitat+ ! vici\s examples ( _! ri* neighb\rs1 ?\ght x due to 8hospitality0 to sacrifice life2 & !y 7 on ! po9t ( slaught]+ ! only non-human be+ belong+ to !m--a ,goose1 ! 8gu>dian ( ! cottage0--:5 ! heav5ly visitants int]v5e1 & =bid ! unnecess>y b>b>ism3-- 8,unicus ans] erat1 m9im cu/odia vill1 ,quem ,ds hospitibus dom9i mact>e p>abant4 ,ille cel] p5n t>dos tate fatigat1 ,eluditque diu4 ,t&emque e/ visus ad ipsos ,confugisse ,deos4 ,sup]i veture nec>i3 #8,dque sumus1'0 c4 ,:5 ! re/ ( ! inhabitants ( ,phrygia1 71 = _! wick$ness1 de/roy$ by indignant ,heav51 ! two old peasants1 we may add1 f\nd safety f ! g5]al ,deluge4 7,metam4 viii4 #ffd-fhh74bia ,x may be not$ 9 ?is place t ! great 8,epicurean0 poet1 ,horace 7,ovid's contempor>y71 bon-vivant ?\gh he 01 & app>5tly un9spir$ by humanit>ian feel+1 yet n[ & aga9 expresses 8 conviction ( ! sup]iority ( ! ,fruit to ! ,fle% banquet1 & ( ! great] compatibility ( ! =m] ) ! poetic g5ius4 ,e4g4 ,c>m9a ,i41 #ca4 ,ad ,apoll9em3-- ,me pascunt ,oliv ,me ,ci*orea levesque ,malv4 78,olives1 ,endives1 & easily-dige/$ ,mall[s are my f>e407 ,satire ,,ii4 #b4 8,frugality430-- 8,qu virtus et quanta1 boni1 sit viv]e ,p>vo1 99 99 99 99 99 ,discite non int] lances m5sasque nit5tes1 ,cum /upet insanis acies fulgoribus1 et cum ,accl9is falsis animus meliora recusat1 ,v]um hic impransi mecum disquirite-- ,male ,v]vum exam9at omnis ,corruptus judex4 99 99 99 99 99 ,cum labor extud]it fa/idia1 siccus1 inanis ,sp]ne cibum vilem3 nisi ,hymettia mella ,fal]no ,ne bib]is diluta4444 ,cum sale ,panis ,latrantem /oma*um b5e l5iet4444 ,non 9 c>o nidore voluptas ,summa s$ 9 te ipso4 ,tu pulm5t>ia quc]e ,sud&o3 p+uem vitiis albumque neque o/rea1 ,nec sc>us aut pot]it p]egr9a juv>e lagois4 99 99 99 99 99 ,num vesc]is i/ ,quam laudas1 plum8 ,cocto num ade/ honor idem8 99 99 99 99 99 ,at vos ,prs5tes ,au/ri1 coquite horum obsonia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ergo ,si quis nunc m]gos suaves edix]it assos1 ,p>ebit pravi docilis ,romana juv5tus4 99 99 99 99 99 ,accipe nunc1 victus t5uis qu quantaque secum ,aff]at4 ,imprimis valeas b5e44440 ,8 arraignm5t ( ! ri* glutton1 :o obliges & all[s ! poor man to />ve 9 ! mid/ ( pl5ty1 is wor?y ( ! morality ( ,s5eca3-- 8,ergo1 ,quod sup]at1 non e/ melius quo insum]e possis8 ,cur eget indignus quisquam te divite80 ,v4 ,,musonius 7#a,,/ ,,c5tury1 ,a4,d471 a /oic writ] ( great repute ) 8 contempor>ies1 son ( a ,roman ,eques1 0 born at ,vols9ii 7,bols5a71 9 ,etruria1 at ! end ( ! reign ( ,augu/us4 ,he 0 bani%$ by ,n]o1 :o especially hat$ ! pr(essors ( ! ,por*2 b by ,vespasian he 0 held 9 extraord9>y hon\r :5 ! re/ ( ! philosoph]s 7 expell$ f ,rome4 ,! "t ( 8 dea? is unc]ta94 ,he 0 ! au?or ( v>i\s philosophical works :i* are *>act]is$ by ,sudas z 8di/+ui%$ writ+s ( a highly philosophic nature10 :o also attributes to him 7b on unc]ta9 evid5ce7 lett]s to ,apollonius ( ,tyana4 ,we are indebt$ = k ( 8 op9ions to a "w 7( unkn[n au?or%ip7 entitl$ ,memoirs ( ,musonius ! ,philosoph]4 ,x is f ?is "w t ,/obu 7,an?ologion71 ,aulus ,gellius1 ,arrian1 & o!rs seem to h borr[$1 9 quot+ ! dicta ( ! great ,/oic tea*]4 ,all ! extant fragm5ts ( 8 writ+s are c>efully collect$ by ,pe]lkamp 7,ha>lem1 #ahbb74 7,see also ,h]r ,ed4 ,baltz]'s valuable monograph1 ,musonius3 ,*>akt]bild aus ,d] ,rmis*5 ,kais]zeit4 ,nordhaus51 #ahga73-- 8,on diet he us$ to speak (t5 & v e>ne/ly1 z ( a matt] important 9 itself & 9 its effects4 ,= he ?\ght t cont95ce 9 meats & dr9ks is ! beg9n+ & gr\ndwork ( temp]ance4 ,once1 =sak+ 8 usual l9e ( argum5t1 he spoke z foll[s3-- 8#8,z we %\ld pref] *eap f>e to co/ly1 & t :i* is easy to t :i* is h>d to procure1 s also1 t :i* is ak9 to man to t :i* is n s4 ,ak9 to u is t f plants1 gra9s1 & su* o!r vegetable products z n\ri% him well2 also :at is d]iv$ f 7o!r7 animals--n slaught]$1 b o!rwise s]viceable4 ,( ^! foods ! mo/ suitable are su* z we may use at once )\t fire1 = su* are readie/ to h&4 ,su* are fruits 9 season1 & "s h]bs1 milk1 *eese1 & honeycombs4 ,moreov] su* z ne$ fire1 & belong to ! classes ( gra9s or h]bs1 are also n unsuitable1 b are all1 )\t exception1 ak9 to man4' 8,eat+ ( fle%-meat he decl>$ to be brutal1 & adapt$ to savage animals4 ,x is heavi]1 he said1 & h9d]+ ?\ght & intellig5ce2 ! vap\r aris+ f x is turbid & d>k5s ! s\l1 s t !y :o p>take ( x abundantly are se5 to be sl[] ( appreh5sion4 ,z man is at 8 be/ mo/ ne>ly relat$ to ! ,gods ( all be+s on e>?1 s1 also1 8 food %\ld be mo/ l to t ( ! ,gods4 ,!y1 he said1 are cont5t ) ! /eams t rise f e>? & wat]s1 & we %all take ! food mo/ l to !irs1 if we take t :i* is lighte/ & pure/4 8,s our s\l also w be pure & cle>1 &1 be+ s1 w be be/ & wise/1 z ,h]acleitus judges :5 he says ! cle> s\l is wise/ & be/4 ,z x is1 said ,musonius1 we are f$ f> worse ?an ! irrational be+s2 = !y1 ?\gh !y are driv5 fi]cely by appetite z by a sc\rge1 & p\nce ^u _! food1 /ill are devoid ( cunn+ & contrivance 9 reg>d to _! f>e--be+ satisfi$ ) :at comes 9 _! way1 seek+ only to be fill$ & no?+ fur!r4 ,b we inv5t manifold arts & devices ! m to sweet5 ! pleasure ( food & to deceive ! gullet4 ,nay1 to su* a pit* ( da9t9ess & gre$9ess h we come1 t "s h compos$ treatises1 z ( music & m$ic9e1 s also ( cook]y1 :i* greatly increase ! pleasure 9 ! gullet1 b ru9 ! heal?4 ,at any rate1 y may see t ^? :o are fa/idi\s 9 ! *oice ( foods are f> m sickly 9 body--"s ev51 l crav+ wom51 loa?+ cu/om>y foods1 & hav+ _! /oma*s ru9$4 ,h5ce1 z good-=-no?+ /eel cont9ually ne$s %>p5+1 s _! /oma*s at table ne$ ! cont9ual :et ( "s /rong ta/+ food4444 ,h5ce1 too1 x is our duty to eat = life1 n = pleasure 7only71 at lea/ if we are to foll[ ! excell5t say+ ( ,socrates1 t1 :ile mo/ m5 liv$ to eat1 he ate to live4 ,=1 surely1 no "o1 :o aspires to ! "* ( a virtu\s man1 w deign to resemble ! _m1 & live = eat+'s sake z !y d1 hunt+ f e qu>t] ! pleasure :i* comes f food4 8,moreov]1 t ,god1 :o made mank9d1 provid$ !m ) meats & dr9ks = pres]vation1 n = pleasure1 w appe> f ?is4 ,:5 food is mo/ especially p]=m+ its prop] function 9 dige/ion & assimilation1 !n x gives no pleasure to ! man at all--yet we are !n f$ by x & /r5g!n$4 ,!n we h no s5sation ( pleasure1 & yet ?is "t is long] ?an t 9 :i* we are eat+4 ,b if x 7 = pleasure t ,god contriv$ our food1 we ought to d]ive pleasure f x ?r\gh\t ?is long] "t1 & n m]ely at ! pass+ mom5t ( consumption4 ,yet1 nev]!less1 = t brief mom5t ( enjoym5t we make provision ( t5 ?\s& da9ties2 we sail ! sea to its fur!/ b\nds2 cooks are m s\ght aft] ?an husb&m54 ,"s lavi% on d9n]s ! price ( e/ates1 & t ?\gh _! bodies d]ive no b5efit f ! co/l9ess ( ! vi&s4 8,q ! contr>y2 x is ^? :o use ! *eape/ food :o are ! /ronge/4 ,= example1 y may1 = ! mo/ "p1 see slaves m /urdy ?an ma/]s1 c\ntry-folk ?an t[ns-folk1 poor ?an ri*--m able to lab\r1 s9k+ less at _! "w1 seldom] ail+1 m easily endur+ fro/1 heat1 sleeplessness1 & ! l4 ,ev5 if *eap food & de> /r5g!ns ! body alike1 /ill we ought to *oose ! *eap2 = ?is is m sob] & m suit$ to a virtu\s man2 inasmu* z :at is easy to procure is1 = good m51 m prop] = food ?an :at is h>d--:at is free f tr\ble ?an :at gives tr\ble--:at is ready ?an :at is n ready4 ,to sum up 9 a ^w ! :ole use ( diet1 ,i say t we ought to make its aim heal? & /r5g?1 = ^! are ! only ends = :i* we %\ld eat1 & !y require no l>ge outlay40#bib ,,vi4 ,,lessio4 #aeed-afbc1 ,born at ,bre*t51 a t[n 9 ,brabant1 ( influ5tial family1 ?is not$ ,hygei/1 at a v e>ly age1 exhibit$ s exceptional a disposition z to be kn[n among 8 s*ool-fell[s z ! 8prophet40 ,8 ard\r = le>n+ 0 s int5se z to cause him to =get ! h\rs ( meals1 & to r$uce 8 "t = sleep to ! %orte/ p]iod possible4 ,hav+ obta9$ a s*ol>%ip at ! ,arras ,college 9 ,l\va91 ,lessio pursu$ ! c\rse ( /udies !re ) ! greate/ success1 & by 8 fell[-/ud5ts 0 proclaim$ 8pr9ce ( philolog]s40 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he ent]$ ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,two ye>s lat] he 0 elect$ to ! ,*air ( ,philosophy at ,d\ai4 ,9 #aehe he accept$ ! ,pr(essor%ip ( ,!ology at ,l\va94 ,s extraord9>y 7 ! respect & v5]ation :i* he _h attract$ 9 8 ,ord] & f all :o _h access to him1 t n only did 8 dea? cause ! greate/ regret1 b 7z we are assur$7 8 fri5ds cont5d$ among !mselves = possession ( e possible relic & mem5to 8( "o :o _h compos$ s admirable works40 ,he 0 int]r$ be=e ! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( 8 college 9 ,l\va94 ,held 9 high hon\r dur+ life1 aft] 8 dea? s r>e an ornam5t ( 8 ,*ur* 0 signally eulogis$ by ! ,pope1 ,urbano ,,viii42 & he 0 ev5 believ$ to h work$ miracles4 ,8 praises are especially record$ 9 a book entitl$ ,de ,vit et ,moribus ,r4 ,p4 ,leon>di ,lessii--repr9t$ at ,p>is1 #afdd4 ,pr9cipal ,writ+s3 ,de ,ju/iti et de ,jure ,actionum1 ,human>um1 c4 7repr9t$ sev5 times74 ,_m ( ! propositions1 x seems1 ev5tually came "u ! c5sure ( ! ,!ological ,faculty1 ! ,bi%ops1 & ! ,pontiffs4 ,qu ,fides et ,religio sit ,capess5da1 ,consultatio4 ,anv]s1 #afaj4 ,9 ! e/imation ( ,s4 ,franois de ,sales1 a "w 8n s mu* t ( ,lessio z ( an ,angel ( ! ,judgm5t 7,ange du ,gr& ,conseil740 ,hygia/icon 7,anv]s1 #afac-ad1 #hvo72 x is sup]flu\s to rem>k1 8 really valuable "w4 ,x 0 translat$ f ! ,lat9 into ,fr5* by ,seba/ian ,h>dy1 ) ! title ( ,le ,vrai ,rgime de ,vivre p\r la ,cons]vation du ,corps et de l',ame4 ,p>is1 #afdf4 ,ano!r editor1 ,la ,bonnodire1 add$ notes1 republi%+ x "u ! title ( ,de la ,sobrit et de ,ses ,avantages4 ,p>is1 #agja4 8,lessio10 writes ! au?or ( ! article 9 ! ,biographie ,univ]selle1 8hav+ be5 condemn$ by ! physicians to h no m ?an two ye>s long] to live1 himself /udi$ ! pr9ciples ( ,hygi5e1 0 /ruck by ! example ( ,corn>o1 resolv$ to imitate him1 & f\nd himself s well f su* imitation t he translat$ 8 book 7,della ,vita ,sobria71 jo9+ to x ! results ( 8 own exp]i5ce1 to :i* he ow$ ! prolongation ( 8 life by =ty ye>s40 ,= ! re/1 he 0 a man ( ext5sive erudition2 & ,ju/us ,lipsius celebrates1 9 "s f9e v]se1 ! v>iety ( 8 tal5ts4 7,see ,biog4 ,univ]selle ,anci5ne et ,mod]ne4 ,p>is1 *ez ,mi*aud1 #ahai47 ,! ,hygia/icon is prefac$ by te/imonials f ?ree em95t physicians1 sett+ =? _! concurr5ce 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! au?or4 ,! ,engli% translation 7#afcd7 has prefix$ to x addresses1 9 v]se1 to him2 "o ( :i* is by ,cra%aw1 ! fri5d ( ,c[ley1 & a ,dialogue betwe5 ,glutton & ,e*o1 also 9 v]se4 ,affix$ to ?is edition are an ,engli% v]sion ( ,corn>o1 by ,george ,h]b]t1 & a translation ( an anonym\s treatise by ano!r ,italian writ]--,t a ,sp>e ,diet is bett] ?an a ,spl5did & ,sumptu\s ,"o3 ,a ,p>adox4 ,9 8 *ap4 v4 8,( ! ,advantages :i* a ,sob] ,diet br+s to ! ,body1 & fir/1 ,t x free? almo/ f all ,diseases0--,lessio promises ! adh]5ts ( x1 t 9 ! fir/ place3-- 8,x clo? free a man & pres]ve him f almo/ all mann] ( diseases4 ,= x rids him ( cat>rhs1 c\ghs1 :eez+s1 dizz9ess1 & pa9 9 ! head & /oma*4 ,x drives away apoplexies1 le?>gies1 fall+-sickness1 & o!r ill-affections ( ! bra94 ,x cures ! g\t 9 ! feet & 9 ! h&s2 ! sciatica & diseases 9 ! jo9ts4 ,x also prev5ts crudity 7indige/ion71 ! p>5t ( all diseases4 ,9 a ^w1 x s temp]s ! hum\rs1 & ma9ta9s !m 9 an equal proportion1 t !y hurt n any way1 ei!r 9 quantity or quality4 ,& ?is bo? reason & exp]i5ce d confirm4 ,= we see t ^? :o keep !mselves to a sob] c\rse ( diet are v seldom1 or r nev]1 mole/$ ) diseases2 & if at any "t !y happ5 to be oppress$ ) sickness1 !y d be> x mu* bett]1 & soon] recov] ?an ^? o!rs ^: bodies are full fraught ) ill-hum\rs4 8,i "k v _m :o1 ?\gh !y be weak by natural con/itution1 & well gr[n 9 ye>s1 & cont9ually busi$ 9 employm5ts ( ! m9d1 nev]!less by ! help ( ?is temp]ance1 live 9 heal?1 & h pass$ ! great] "p ( _! lives1 :i* h be5 _m ye>s long1 )\t any notable sickness4444 8,! self-same comes to pass 9 w\nds1 bruises1 putt+s out ( jo9t1 & break+ ( bones2 9 reg>d t !re is ei!r no flux at all ( ill-hum\rs1 or1 at lea/1 v little ( t "p affect$4444 ,fur!rmore an ab/95t diet do? arm & =tify aga9/ ! plague2 = ! v5om !re( is mu* bett] resi/$ if ! body be cle> & free--:]e=e ,sokrates br\ght to pass t he himself 0 nev] sick ( ! plague1 :i* (ttimes greatly wa/$ ! city ( ,a!ns1 :]e he liv$1 z ,la]tius write?4 ,! ?ird commodity ( ! diet is t1 al?\gh x do? n cure su* diseases z are incurable 9 _! own nature1 yet x do? s mu* mitigate & allay !m z t !y are easily borne1 & d n mu* h9d] ! functions ( ! m9d4 ,?is is se5 by daily exp]i5ce40 ,lessio proce$s to descant ^u ! o!r b5efits ( ! re=m$ regim5--su* z t x prolongs life 7o!r ?+s be+ equal7 to extreme old age1 produces *e]fulness1 activity1 memory1 & ! l4#bic 99 99 99 99 99 ,m(fet1 ano!r hygi5ic writ] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 dem&s indignantly3-- 8,till ,god 7i4e41 ,sup]/ition or ,fraud7 w\ld h x s ! slay+ ( o!r animals = food1 :o d>$ to t\* ) 8 lips ! remnant ( a dead c>case8 or to set ! prey ( a wolf1 or ! meat ( a falcon1 ^u 8 table8 ,:o1 ,i say1 dur/ fe$ ^u ^? memb]s :i*1 lately1 did see1 g1 bleat1 l[1 feel1 & move8#bid 8,nay1 tell me1 c civil & human eyes yet abide ! slaught] ( an innoc5t #8bea/1' ! cutt+ ( 8 ?roat1 ! sma%+ him on ! head1 ! flay+ ( 8 sk91 ! qu>t]+ & dismemb]+ ( 8 limbs1 ! spr9kl+ ( 8 blood1 ! ripp+ up ( 8 ve9s1 ! endur+ ( ill-sav\rs1 ! heav+ ( heavy sighs1 sobs1 & groans1 ! passionate /ruggl+ & pant+ = life1 :i* only h>d-he>t$ but*]s c endure to see8 8,is n ! e>? suffici5t to give u meat1 b t we mu/ also r5d up ! b[els ( #8bea/s1' birds1 & fi%es8 ,yes1 truly1 !re is en\gh 9 ! e>? to give u meat2 yea1 v]ily1 & *oice ( meats1 ne$+ ei!r none or no great prep>ation1 :i* we may take )\t fe>1 & cut d[n )\t trembl+2 :i*1 also1 we may m+le a hundr$ ways to delight our ta/e1 & fe$ on safely to fill our bellies40--,heal?'s ,improvem5t1 by ,dr4 ,w4 ,m(fet 7ed4 #agdf71 z quot$ by ,ritson4 ,! au?or di$ 9 #afjd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! au?or ( ! ,anatomy ( ,abuses1 a writ] ( ! same p]iod1 d5\nc+ ! unnatural & luxuri\s liv+ ( 8 "t1 comp>es ! two diets ) equal =ce & tru?3-- 8,i _c p]suade myself o!rwise1 b t our nic5ess & cauti\sness 9 diet ha? alt]$ our nature1 di/emp]$ our bodies1 & made u subject to hundr$s ( diseases & discrasies 7indige/ions7 m ?an ev] our =efa!rs 7 subject unto1 & consequ5tly ( %ort] life ?an !y4444 ,:o are sickli] ?an !y :o f>e delici\sly e day8 ,:o is corrupt]8 ,:o bel*e? m8 ,:o looke? worse8 ,:o is weak] & feebl] ?an !y8 ,:o ha? m fil?y phlegm & putrefaction 7replete ) gross hum\rs7 ?an !y8 ,&1 to be brief1 :o die? soon] ?an !y8 8,d we n see ! poor man :o eate? br[n bread 7:]e( "s is made ( rye1 b>ley1 peason1 beans1 oats1 & su* o!r gross gra9s71 & dr9ke? small dr9k1 yea1 sometimes wat]1 & fe$e? ^u milk1 butt] & *eese--,i say d we n see su* a "o heal?full]1 /rong]1 fair] complexion$1 & long]-liv+ ?an ! o!r t f>es da9tily e day2 & h[ %\ld x be o!rwise80--,/ubbes's ,anatomy ( ,abuses1 #aehc4 ,quot$ by ,ritson 7,ab/95ce f ,fle%3 ,a ,moral ,duty474 ,,vii4 ,,c[ley4 #afbj-affg4 ,among ! poets ( ! age second only to ,milton & to ,dryd54 ,! ,g>d51 f :i* we extract ! foll[+ j s5tim5ts1 is prefix$ by way ( d$ication to ! ,kal5d>ium ,hort5se ( ,john ,evelyn1 8 p]sonal & political fri5d4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,almanac1 x is wor?y ( note1 is "o ( ! e>lie/ prototypes ( ! num]\s m mod]n treatises ( ! k9d4 ,x _h rea*$ a t5? edition 9 #agjf4 8,:5 ,epicurus to ! _w _h taught ,t pleasure is ! *iefe/ good1 7,& 01 p]haps1 i'?' "r1 if rightly und]/ood71 ,8 life he to 8 doctr9e br\ght1 ,& 9 a g>d5's %ade t ,sov]eign pleasure s\ght3 ,:oev] a true ,epicure w\ld be4 ,may !re f9d *eap & virtu\s luxury4 ,vitellius 8 table :i* did hold ,z _m creatures z ! ark ( old-- ,t fiscal table to :i* e day ,all c\ntries did a con/ant tribute pay-- ,c\ld no?+ m delectable af=d ,?an ,nature's ,lib]ality-- ,help$ ) a little ,art & ,indu/ry-- ,all[s ! meane/ g>d5]'s bo>d4 ,! wanton ,ta/e no ,fle% nor ,f[l c *oose1 ,= :i* ! ,grape or ,melon x w\ld lose1 ,?\gh all ?' inhabitants ( ,e>? & ,air ,be li/$ 9 ! ,glutton's bill ( f>e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sc>ce any ,plant is gr[+ "h4 ,:i* aga9/ ,dea? "s weapon does n be>4 ,let ,cities boa/ t !y provide ,= life ! ornam5ts ( ,pride2 ,b 'tis ! ,c\ntry & ! ,field ,t furni% x ) ,/aff & ,%ield4 ,! ,g>d54 ,*]tsey1 #afff4 ,,viii4 ,,tryon4 #afcd-agjc4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n ( ! sev5te5? c5tury humane ,hygei/s1 0 born at ,bibury1 a village 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,8 fa!r 0 a til] & pla/]]1 :o by /ress ( pov]ty 0 =c$ to remove 8 son1 :5 no m ?an six ye>s ( age1 f ! village s*ool1 & to set him at ! "w ( sp9n+ & c>d+1 7! wooll5 manufacture be+ !n ext5sively c>ri$ on 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire74 ,at eight ye>s ( age he became s exp]t1 he tells u1 z to be able to sp9 f\r p\nds a day1 e>n+ two %ill+s a week4 ,at ! age ( twelve he 0 made to "w at 8 fa!r's employm5t4 ,at ?is p]iod he fir/ le>n$ to read4 ,he next took to keep+ %eep4 ,) ! sum ( ?ree p\nds1 realis$ by ! sale ( 8 f\r %eep1 he w5t to ,london to seek 8 =tune1 :5 sev5te5 ye>s old1 & b\nd himself appr5tice to a 8ca/or-mak]10 9 ,fleet ,/reet4 ,8 ma/] 0 an ,anabapti/--8an hone/ & sob] man20 &1 aft] two ye>s' appr5tice%ip1 ,tryon adopt$ ! same religi\s cre$4 ,all 8 sp>e "t 0 n[ devot$ entirely to /udy2 &1 ) ! usual ard\r ( s*ol>s :o dep5d ^u _! own tal5ts & ex]tions1 he sc>cely gave any "t to food or sleep4 ,! holiday p]iod1 too1 sp5t by 8 fell[-appr5tices 9 eat+ & dr9k+1 & gross amusem5ts1 0 utilis$ 9 ! same way4 ,sci5ce1 & ,physiology 9 p>ticul>1 attract$ 8 att5tion4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree he fir/ adopt$ ! re=m$ diet1 8my dr9k be+ only wat]1 & food only bread & "s fruit1 & t b once a day = "s "t2 b aft]w>ds ,i _h m lib]ty giv5 me by my guide1 ,wisdom1 to eat butt] & *eese2 my clo?+ be+ mean & ?92 =1 9 all ?+s1 self-d5ial 0 n[ become my real bus9ess40 ,?is /rict life he ma9ta9$ = m ?an a ye>1 :5 he relaps$1 at int]vals1 dur+ ! next two ye>s4 ,at ! end ( ?is p]iod he _h become confirm$ 9 8 re=m1 & he rema9$ to ! end /rictly akreophagi/1 &1 inde$1 /rictly frugal1 8cont5t+ myself ) h]bs1 fruits1 gra9s1 eggs1 butt] & *eese = food1 & pure wat] = dr9k40 ,ab\t two ye>s aft] 8 m>riage he made voyages to ,b>badoes & to ,holl& 9 ! way ( trade--8mak+ beav]s40 ,he f9ally settl$ himself 9 ,engl&1 & at ! age ( =ty-eight he publi%$ 8 fir/ book on ,dietetics4 ,8 brief autobiography1 f :i* ! above facts are drawn1 ends at ?is p]iod4 ,8 editor adds1 z to 8 appe>ance & "*3 88 aspect easily discov]$ some?+ extraord9>y2 8 air 0 *e]ful1 lively1 & brisk2 b grave ) some?+ ( au?ority1 ?\gh he 0 ( ! easie/ access4 ,not)/&+ he 0 ( no /rong make1 yet1 ?r\gh 8 great temp]ance1 regul>ity1 & by ! /r5g? ( 8 spirits & vig\r ( 8 m9d1 he 0 capable ( any fatigue1 ev5 to 8 la/ illness1 equally ) any ( ! be/ con/itutions ( m5 half 8 ye>s4 ,?r\gh all 8 lifetime he _h be5 a man ( unwe>i$ application1 & s indefatigable t x may be z truly said ( him z x c be ( any man t he 0 nev] idle2 b ( su* despat* t1 ?\gh =tune _h allott$ him z great multiplicity ( bus9ess z1 p]haps1 to any "o ( 8 contempor>ies1 yet1 )\t any neglect !re(1 he f\nd leisure to make su* a se>* into ,nature1 t p]haps few ( ?is age equall$ him !re93 & n only into ,nature1 b also into almo/ all arts & sci5ces1 ( "s :]e( he 0 an improv]1 & ( all innoc5t & useful ones an enc\rag] & promot]40#bie ,9 spite ( t p5etration ( m9d & ju/ness ( ?\ght :i* influ5c$ him to ab&on ! cruelty & co>s5ess ( ! or?odox diet1 ! au?or ( ,! ,way to ,heal? c\ld n free himself f c]ta9 ( ! cr$ul\s fancies ( 8 age2 &1 x mu/ be admitt$1 8 writ+s are by no means exempt f su* prejudices4 ,x is z a moral re=m] t he has des]v$ our respect1 & ( 8 num]\s books ! foll[+ are notewor?y3-- ,a ,treatise on ,cleanl9ess 9 ,meats & ,dr9ks4 ,london1 #afhb4 ,! ,way to ,heal?1 ,long ,life1 c4 #afhc1 #afid1 #afig4 #c vols41 #hvo4 ,fri5dly ,advice to ! ,g5tlem5-,plant]s ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies4 ,london1 #afhd4 ,! ,way to ,make ,all ,p ,ri*3 or1 ,wisdom's ,call to ,temp]ance & ,frugality4 #afhe4 ,wisdom's ,doctr9e3 or1 ,aphorisms & ,rules = ,pres]v+ ! ,heal? ( ! ,body & ! ,peace ( ! ,m9d4 #afif4 ,engl&'s ,gr&eur & ! ,way to ,get ,weal?3 or1 ,promotion ( ,trade ,made ,easy & ,l&s ,advanc$4 #afii4 #dto4 ,no?+ c be m j or =cible ?an ^! expo/ulations3-- 8,mo/ m5 w1 9 words1 confess t !re is no bless+ ?is _w af=ds comp>able to heal?4 ,yet r>ely d any ( !m value x z !y ought to d till !y feel ! want ( x4 ,to him t ha? obta9$ ?is goodly gift ! meane/ food--ev5 bread & wat]--is mo/ pleasant1 & all sorts ( ex]cise & lab\r delightful4 ,b ! contr>y makes all ?+s nause\s & di/a/eful4 ,:at are full-spread ,tables1 ,ri*es1 or ,hon\rs1 to him t is torm5t$ ) di/emp]s8 ,9 su* a condition m5 d desire no?+ s mu* z ,heal?4 ,b no soon] is t obta9$1 b _! ?\ghts are *ang$1 =gett+ ^? solemn promises & resolutions !y made to ,god & _! own s\ls1 go+ on 9 ! old road ( ,gluttony1 tak+ little or no c>e to cont9ue t :i* !y s mu* desir$ :5 !y 7 depriv$ ( x4 8,happy x 7 if m5 did b use ! t5? "p ( t c>e & dilig5ce to pres]ve _! m9ds & bodies 9 ,heal?1 z !y d to procure ^? da9ties & sup]fluities :i* d g5]ate ,diseases1 & are ! cause ( committ+ _m o!r evils1 !re be+ b few m5 t d "k h[ to use ri*es z !y ought4 ,= !re are n _m ( our weal?y m5 t ev] consid] t z little & mean food & dr9k w suffice to ma9ta9 a "l 9 p]fect heal? z x w a peasant1 & r5d] him m capable ( enjoy+ ! b5efits ( ! ,m9d & pleasures ( ! ,body1 f> beyond all #8da9ties & sup]fluities4' ,b1 alas6 ! mom5t>y pleasures ( ! ,?roat-,cu/om1 vanity1 c41 d ensn>e & entice mo/ p to exce$ ! b\nds ( necessity or conv5i5ce2 & _m fail ?r\gh a false op9ion or misund]/&+ ( ,nature--*ildi%ly imag9+ t ! ri*] ! food is1 & ! m !y c cram into _! bellies1 ! m !y %all be /r5g!n$ !reby4 ,b exp]i5ce %ews to ! contr>y2 = are n su* p z accu/om !mselves to ! ri*e/ foods1 & mo/ cordial dr9ks1 g5]ally ! mo/ infirm & diseas$8 8,n[ ! sorts ( foods & dr9ks t bre$ ! be/ blood & f9e/ spirits1 are ,h]bs1 ,fruits1 & v>i\s k9ds ( ,gra9s2 also ,bread1 & sundry sorts ( excell5t food made by diff]5t prep>ations ( ,milk1 & all dry food out ( :i* ! sun ha? exhal$ ! gross humidity1 by :i* all sorts ( ,pulses & ,gra9s become ( a firm] sub/ance4 ,s1 likewise1 ,oil is an excell5t ?+1 9 nature m sublime & pure ?an ,butt]40 444 ,z to ! unsuspect$ cause ( ! v>i\s diseases s abundant3-- 8,_m ( ! ri*e/ sort ( p 9 ?is nation might "k by w(ul exp]i5ce1 especially 9 ,london1 :o d ye>ly sp5d _m hundr$s1 ,i ?9k ,i may say ?\s&s1 ( p\nds on _! ungodly paun*es4 ,_m ( :om may save !mselves t *>ge & tr\ble !y are usually at 9 le>n+ ( ,monsieur ,nimble-heels1 ! ,danc+-,ma/]1 h[ to g upright2 = _! bellies are swoll5 up to _! *9s1 :i* =ces !m #8to behold ! sky1'#bif b n = contemplation sake y may be sure1 b out ( pure necessity1 & )\t any m impressions ( rev]5ce t[>ds ! ,almighty ,creator ?an _! fell[-brutes2 = _! bra9s are sunk into _! bellies2 injection & ejection is ! bus9ess ( _! life1 & all _! preci\s h\rs are sp5t betwe5 ! platt] & ! glass & ! close-/ool4 ,are n ^! f9e fell[s to call !mselves ,*ri/ians & ,"r-,wor%ipfuls40#big ,9 8 xiv *apt]1 8,( ,fle% & its ,op]ation on ! ,body & ,m9d10 ,tryon employs all 8 eloqu5ce 9 prov+ t ! practice ( slaught]+ = food is n only cruel & b>b>\s 9 itself1 b orig9ates1 or1 at all ev5ts1 int5sifies ! wor/ passions ( m54 ,eulogis+ ! mild] mann]s ( ! foll[]s ( ,py?agoras1 & ( ! ,h9dus g5]ally1 he tells 8 c\ntrym5 t3-- 8,! v same1 & f> great]1 advantages w\ld come to pass among/ ,*ri/ians1 if !y w\ld cease f cont5tion1 oppression1 & 7:at t5ds & disposes !m !reunto7 ! kill+ ( o!r animals1 & eat+ _! fle% & blood2 &1 9 a %ort "t1 human murd]s & devili% feuds & cruelties among/ ea* o!r w\ld abate1 &1 p]haps1 sc>ce h a be+ among/ !m4 ,= sep>ation has great] p[] ?an mo/ imag9e1 :e!r x be f evil or f good2 = :atev] any man sep>ates himself f1 t prop]ty 9 him pres5tly is weak5$4 ,likewise1 sep>ation f cruelty does wond]fully dispel ! d>k cl\ds ( ignorance1 & makes ! und]/&+ able to di/+ui% betwe5 ! good & evil pr9ciples--fir/ 9 himself1 & !n 9 all o!r ?+s proportionably4 ,b s long z m5 live "u ! p[] ( all k9ds ( uncleanness1 viol5ce1 & oppression1 !y _c see any evil !re94 ,= ?is cause1 ^? :o d n sep>ate !mselves f ^! evils1 b are cont5t$ to foll[ ! multitude 9 ! left-h&-way1 & resolve to cont9ue ! religion ( _! =e-fa!rs--?\gh !reby !y d b cont9ue m]e ,cu/om1 ! greate/ ( tyrants--'tis1 ,i say1 impossible = su* p ev] to und]/& or "k any?+ truly1 ei!r ( div9e or ( human ?+s4444 8,x is a gr& mi/ake ( p 9 ?is age to say or suppose3 ,t ,fle% af=ds n only a /rong] n\ri%m5t1 b also m & bett] ?an ,h]bs1 ,gra9s1 c42 = ! tru? is1 x does yield m /imulation1 b n ( s firm1 a sub/ance1 nor s good z t :i* proce$s f ! o!r food2 = fle% has m matt] = corruption1 & no?+ s soon turns to putrefaction4 ,n[1 'tis c]ta91 su* sorts ( food z are subject to putrify be=e !y are eat51 are also liable to ! same aft]w>ds4 ,besides1 ,fle% is ( s(t1 moi/1 gross1 phlegmy quality1 & g5]ates a n\ri%m5t ( a l nature2 ?irdly1 ,fle% heats ! body1 & cause? a dr\ght2 f\r?ly1 ,fle% does bre$ great /ore ( noxi\s hum\rs2 fif?ly1 x mu/ be consid]$ t #8bea/s' & o!r liv+ creatures are subject to diseases#bih & _m o!r inconv5i5ces1 & uncleannesses1 surfeits1 ov]-driv+1 abuses ( cruel but*]s1 c41 :i* r5d]s _! fle% /ill m un:olesome4 ,b on ! contr>y1 all sorts ( dry foods1 z ,bread1 ,*eese1 ,h]bs1 & _m prep>ations ( ,milk1 ,pulses1 ,gra9s1 & ,fruits2 z _! orig9al is m clean1 s1 be+ ( a s\nd firm nature1 !y af=d a m excell5t n\ri%m5t1 & m easy ( concoction2 s t if a man %\ld exce$ 9 quantity1 ! ,heal? w n1 !reby1 be br\ght into su* dang] z by ! sup]flu\s eat+ ( fle%4444 8,:at an ill & ungrateful sight is x to behold dead c>casses1 & pieces ( bloody1 raw1 fle%6 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly appe> dreadful1 & no man b w\ld abhor to ?9k ( putt+ x 9 8 m\?1 _h n ,use & ,cu/om f g5]ation to g5]ation famili>is$ x to u1 :i* is s preval5t1 t we read 9 "s c\ntries ! mode is to eat ! bodies ( _! dead p>5ts & fri5ds1 ?9k+ !y c no way af=d !m a m noble sepul*re ?an _! own b[ells4 ,& because x is usual1 !y d x ) z little regret or nause\sness z o!rs h :5 !y dev\r ! leg ( a ,rabbit or ! w+ ( a ,l>k4 ,suppose a p]son 7 br$ up 9 a place :]e x 7 n a cu/om to kill & eat fle%1 & %\ld come into our ,lead5hall ,m>ket1 or view our ,slaught] ,h\ses1 & see ! communication we h ) dead bodies1 & h[ bly! & m]ry we are at _! fun]als1 & :at hon\rable sepul*res we bury ! dead c>casses ( bea/s 9--nay1 _! v guts & entrails--w\ld he n be fill$ ) a/oni%m5t & horror8 ,w\ld he n c\nt u cruel mon/]s1 & say we 7 brutifi$1 & p]=m$ ! "p ( bea/s ( prey1 to live ?us on ! spoils ( our fell[-creatures8 8,?us1 ,cu/om has awak5$ ! inhuman1 fi]ce nature1 :i* makes kill+1 h&l+1 & fe$+ ^u fle% & blood1 )\t di/9ction1 s easy & famili> unto mank9d4 ,& ! same is to be und]/ood ( m5 kill+ & oppress+ ^? ( _! own k9d2 = d we n see t a soldi]1 :o is tra9$ up 9 ! w>s ( bloody-m9d$ pr9ces1 %all kill a hundr$ m5 )\t any tr\ble or regret ( _s1 & su* z h giv5 him no m (f5ce ?an a %eep has giv5 ! but*] t cuts h] ?roat4 ,if m5 h b ,p[] & ,cu/om on _! side1 !y ?9k all is well40 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! zeal\s attempt ( ! pi\s au?or to meet ! ass]tions ( ! 7practical7 mat]iali/s1 :o draw _! argum5ts f ! ,jewi% ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 or else:]e1 8 replies to ! common subt]fuges or prejudices ( ! or?odox dieti/s are able & conclusive4 ,8 humane argum5ts1 inde$1 are wor?y ( ! mo/ advanc$ ?9k]s ( ! pres5t day2 & ^? :o are v]s$ 9 ! anti-kreophagi/ lit]ature ( ! la/ ?irty ye>s--9 ! controv]sy 9 ! press1 & on ! plat=m--w1 p]haps1 be surpris$ to f9d t ! ord9>y prejudices or subt]fuges ( ?is ye> 8( ,grace0 are id5tical ) ^? curr5t 9 ! ye> #afhc4 ,we wi% t we c\ld transcribe "s ( ^! replies4 ,we _c =be>1 h[ev]1 to quote 8 repres5tation ( ! *ang$ condition ( ?+s "u ! imag9$ humanit>ian rgime3-- 8,"h all cont5tion cease?1 no hide\s cries nor m\rnful groans are he>d1 nei!r ( man nor ( #8bea/4' ,no *annels runn+ ) ! blood ( slaught]$ animals1 no /9k+ %ambles1 nor bloody but*]s4 ,no ro>+ ( cannons1 nor fir+ ( t[ns4 ,no loa?some /9k+ prisons1 nor iron grates to keep m5 f enjoy+ _! wife1 *ildr51 & ! pleasant air2 nor no cry+ = want ( food & clo!s4 ,no riot+1 nor wanton inv5tions to de/roy z mu* 9 "o day z a ?\s& c get by _! h>d lab\r & travel4 ,no dreadful execrations & co>se language4 ,no gallop+ horses up hills1 )\t any consid]ation or fell[-feel+ ( ! victim's pa9s & burd5s4 ,no defl[]+ ( virg9s1 & !n expos+ !m & _! own "y to all ! mis]ies imag9able4 ,no lett+ l&s & f>ms s de> t ! f>m] mu/ be =c$ to oppress himself1 s]vants1 & cattle almo/ to dea?1 & all too little to pay 8 r5t4 ,no oppressions ( inf]iors by sup]iors2 nei!r is !re any want1 because !re is no sup]fluity nor gluttony4 ,no noise nor cries ( w\nd$ m54 ,no ne$ ( *irurgeons to cut bullets out ( _! fle%2 nor no cutt+ (f h&s1 brok5 legs1 & arms4 ,no ro>+ nor cry+ out ) ! tortur+ pa9s ( ! g\t1 nor o!r pa9ful diseases 7z lepr\s & consumptive di/emp]s71 except ?r\gh age1 & ! relics ( "s /ra9 !y got :il/ !y liv$ intemp]ately4 ,nei!r are _! *ildr5 afflict$ ) su* a great numb] ( diseases2 b are z free f di/emp]s z lambs1 calves1 or ! "y ones ( any ( ! #8bea/s' :o are pres]v$ s\nd & heal?ful1 because !y h n outrag$ ,god's law 9 ,nature1 ! break+ ( :i* is ! f\ndation ( mo/1 or all1 cruel diseases t afflict mank9d2 !re be+ no?+ t makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,man & #8,bea/s' 9 heal?1 b only sup]fluity & intemp]ance1 bo? 9 quality & 9 quantity40 ,8 *apt]1 9 :i* he deals ) ! relations betwe5 ! sexes & ! m>ri$ /ate1 %ews him to h be5 z mu* 9 advance ( 8 "t1 9 a s\nd k & appreh5sion ( ,physiology1 & ( ! laws ( ,heal?1 9 t important "p ( hygi5ic sci5ce1 z he 0 9 ! special bran* ( ,diet4#bii ,affix$ to ?is "w is a v rem>kable ,essay1 9 ! %ape ( ,a ,dialogue betwe5 an ,ea/-,indian ,bra*man & a ,fr5* ,g5tleman1 conc]n+ ! ,pres5t ,affairs ( ,europe4 ,9 ?is admirable piece1 ! au?or ably exposes ! folly no less ?an ! horrors ( w>--&1 9 p>ticul>1 religi\s w>--all :i* he ultimately traces to ! fir/ s\rce--! iniquities & b>b>ism ( ! ,%ambles4 ,! ,dialogue is wor?y ( ! mo/ tr5*ant ( ! humanit>ian writ]s ( ! next c5tury4 ,x 0 by meet+ ) ,! ,way to ,heal? t ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 9 8 y\?1 0 induc$ to ab&on ! fle%-diet1 to :i* revolution>y measure he ascribes 8 success1 z well z heal? 9 aft] life4 ,,ix4 ,,hecquet4 #affa-agcg4 ,?is m]itori\s m$ical re=m]1 at fir/ int5d$ = ! ,*ur*1 happily 79 ! ev5t7 adopt$ ! pr(ession :i* he has s truly adorn$1 by 8 virtues1 z well z by 8 enlight5$ lab\rs4 ,aft] a long & sev]e c\rse ( ,anatomy & ,physiology1 9 #afhd he 0 admitt$ z 8,doctor0 at ,reims1 & z ,fell[ 7,agrg7 9 ! ,college ( ,physicians 9 8 native t[n4 ,he !n return$ to ,p>is to p]fect himself 9 physiological sci5ce4 ,disgu/$ ) ! tricass]ies :i* 7 excit$ aga9/ him by ! memb]s ( 8 pr(ession1 he )drew 79 #afhh7 to ,port-,royal-des-,*amps1 :]e he succe$$ ,hamon1 :o _h j di$1 z physician4 ,"h he practis$ ! re=ms he taught1 :ile he devot$ himself to ! mo/ labori\s works ( *>ity1 giv+ all 8 "t & att5tion to ! poor = sev]al leagues r\nd1 & travell+ ! di/ances1 great z !y 71 on foot4 ,8 heal? enfeebl$ by excessive lab\r 9 ?is way1 he 0 induc$ to retire f 8 po/ at ,port-,royal1 & he w5t back to ! capital :]e1 hav+ gone ?r\gh ! necess>y =malities1 he 0 regul>ly enroll$ z ,doctor ( ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 receiv+ ! (ficial hat aft] an exam9ation ( 8r>e success0 7#afig74 ,soon aft]w>ds ! ,faculty nam$ him ,docteur-,rg5t1 & appo9t$ him to ! po/ ( ,pr(essor ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica4 8,hecquet _h soon num]\s & illu/ri\s pati5ts1 & 8 s]vices 7 eag]ly s\ght =1 p>ticul>ly 9 religi\s communities & 9 hospitals4 ,he atta*$ himself to t ( ,*>ity40 ,9 #agab he 0 nam$ ,dean ( ! ,faculty4 ,9 ! mid/ ( s mu* "w1 he f\nd "t to publi% sev]al m$ical books4 8,he ex]cis$ 8 art ) a noble dis9t]e/$ness4 ,! poor 7 8 fav\rite pati5ts4 ,he pres5t$ himself at ! h\ses ( ! ri* only :5 absolutely oblig$1 or :5 c\rtesy requir$ x4 ,he _h mu* /udi$ 8 art1 & contribut$ ) all 8 p[]1 to advance x1 z well by 8 writ+s z by 8 guidance & enc\ragem5t ( "y physicians4444 ,he 0 9 correspond5ce ) ! mo/ fam\s savants & physicians ( 8 age4 ,8 /yle 9 ,lat9 is correct1 & does n want eloqu5ce2 9 ,fr5* he is m neglig5t1 & a little unpoli%$4 ,he 0 animat$ 7vif7 9 debate1 & /rongly atta*$ to 8 op9ions2 b he s\ght ,tru? 9 good fai?40 ,among/ 8 num]\s works are3-- ,de l',indc5ce aux ,hommes d',acc\*] les ,femmes1 et de l',obligation1 de ,celles-ci de n\rrir leurs enfants4 7,on ! ,indec5cy ( ,male ,physicians ,att5d+ ,wom5 9 ,*ild-,bir?7 #agjh4 ,trait des ,disp5ses du ,c>me1 #agji--;8 mo/ celebrat$ book4 ,de la ,dige/ion et des ,maladies de l',e/omac1 #agab4 ,novus ,m$ic9 ,conspectus cum ,app5dice ,de ,pe/e1 #agbb4 8,he !re combats ! v>i\s sy/ems ^u ! orig9 ( diseases1 :i* he attributes to ! disord]s :i* sup]v5e1 9 accordance ) ! laws :i* direct ! movem5t ( ! blood30 ! ,plague1 ^u :i* he writes1 0 desolat+ ! s\? ( ,france at t "t4 ,also1 at ?is p]iod1 v>i\s bro*ures ^u ! ,small-,pox4 ,la ,mdec9e1 la ,*irurgie1 et la ,ph>macie des ,pauvres 7#agdj-b71 8 mo/ popul> book--,la ,brig&age de la ,mdec9e 7#agee71 :i* he supplem5t$ ) ,brig&age de la ,*irurgie1 et de la ,ph>macie--w suffici5tly m>k 8 attitude t[>ds ! or?odox ,s*ools ( ,m$ic9e ( 8 day4 ,le ,naturalisme des ,convulsions dans les ,maladies 7#agee71 ) sev]al o!r books ^u ! same subject4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,convulsionnaires occupies a curi\s episode 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ! p]iod1 z x has occupi$1 &1 9 "s measure /ill1 9 fact1 occupies ! att5tion ( physiologi/s & psy*ologi/s ( our own age4 ,hecquet1 ) ! physiologi/s ( ! pres5t "t1 attributes ! ph5om5a to physical & natural causes4 ,la ,mdec9e ,naturelle3 89 ?is "w ! au?or alleges t x is n 9 ! blood only t is to be s\ght ! causes ( maladies1 b also 9 ! n]v\s fluid40#cjj ,! books 9 :i* he treats ( re=m 9 ,dietetics are ! ,trait des ,disp5ses & ,la ,mdec9e des ,pauvres4 ,h[ev] dietetically het]odox & h]etical1 ! au?or ( ,! ,treatise on ,disp5sations 0 ( unsuspect$ ecclesia/ical z well z !ological or?odoxy2 yet he takes occasion1 at ! outset ( 8 book1 to reproa* 8 ,*ur* ) its indiff]5tism t[>ds s ess5tially important a matt] z ,dietetics--sci5tific or moral3-- 8,x w1 p]haps1 be f\nd t mu* !ology ent]s into ?is und]tak+4 ,we ackn[l$ge x4 ,"o might ev5 expect t "s zeal\s ecclesia/ic or o!r w\ld h done himself ! cr$it ( su/a9+ s beautiful a cause 7que quelque ecclesia/ique zel se s]oit fait gloire de s\t5ir une si belle cause74 ,x might be hop$1 especially 9 an age l ours1 :5 physical sci5ce is 9 hon\r & = ! b5efit ( ev]yone1 & 9 :i* ,m$ic9e has become ! prop]ty ( e condition4444 ,x ought !n to h be5 ! duty ( s _m ,abbs1 ,monks & ,religi\s ,ord]s1 :o inve/ !mselves ) ! titles ( physicians--:o receive _! pay1 :o fill _! employm5ts--to advocate ?is "p ( ecclesia/ical discipl9e ab/95ce4 ,b1 in/ead ( do+ s1 ?\gh !y und]take ! c>e ( ! body1 !y1 9 fact1 apply !mselves solely to ! heal+ ( maladies4444 ,"o c see en\gh ( x1 nev]!less1 to be conv9c$ t ! public has ga9$ less f _! secrets ?an !y !mselves1 :ile _! pati5ts die m ?an ev] "u _! h&s44440 ,9 ,*ap4 ,,vi41 ,que les ,fruits1 les ,gra9s1 les ,legumes sont les ,alim5s les plus ,naturels l',homme1 aft] appeal+ to ,g54 i4 & 8! ,g>d5 ( ,ed510 ,hecquet proce$s to insi/ t our foods %\ld be analog\s & consi/5t ) ! juices :i* ma9ta9 our life2 & ^! are ,fruits1 ,gra9s1 ,se$s1 & ,roots4 ,b prejudice1 ( long /&+1 opposes itself to ?is tru?4 ,! false ideas atta*$ to c]ta9 traditional t]ms h w>p$ ! m9ds ( ! majority ( ! _w1 & !y h succe$$ 9 p]suad+ !mselves t x is ^u /imulat+ foods t dep5d ! /r5g? & heal? ( m54 ,f !nce has come ! love ( w9e1 ( spiritu\s liquors1 & ( gross meats4 ,! ambiguity 7quivoque7 comes f conf\nd+ ! idea ( ,rem$y ) t ( ,food4 8,"h ! great] "p ( ! _w take al>m4 #8,h[1' say !y1 #8c we be support$ on ,gra9s1 :i* furni% b dry meal1 fitt] to cloy ?an to n\ri%2 on ,fruits1 :i* are b cond5s$ wat]2 ) vegetables1 :i* are fit b = manure 7fumi]78' ,b ?is meal1 well prep>$1 =ms ,bread1 ! /ronge/ ( all alim5ts1 ?is cond5s$ wat] is ! same t has caus$ ! ,trees to atta9 s great bulk1 ?is fumi] becomes su* only because !y prep>e vegetables badly1 & eat ( !m to excess4 ,besides1 h[ c m5 affect to fe> failure 9 /r5g?1 9 eat+ :at n\ri%es ev5 ! mo/ robu/ animals1 :o w\ld become ev5 =midable to u1 if only !y knew _! own /r5g?40 ,9 ,*ap4 ,,vii41 ,que l',usage de la ,vi&e n'e/ pas le plus naturel l',homme1 ni absolum5t ,ncessaire1 he rem>ks3-- 8,x is incr$ible h[ mu* ,prejudice has be5 all[$ to op]ate 9 fav\r ( fle% meat1 :ile s _m facts are oppos$ to ! pret5d$ necessity ( its use40 ,hav+ ent]$ into ! physiological argum5t1 n[ s well-worn1 among o!r reasons he adduces ! fact t 8! s\nde/ "p ( ! _w1 or ! mo/ enlight5$1 h believ$ 9 ! obligation to ab/a9 f fle%10 & 8! v nature ( fle%1 :i* is dige/$ ) difficulty1 & :i* furni%es ! wor/ juices40 ,nature be+ uni=m 9 h] me?od ( proc$ure1 is any?+ else necess>y to det]m9e :e!r ,man is int5d$ to live ^u fle%-meats ?an to comp>e ! organs :i* h to prep>e !m = 8 n\ri%m5t1 ) ^? ( animals :om ,nature manife/ly has de/9$ = c>nage8 ,& h]e9 x may be cle>ly recognis$1 s9ce m5 h nei!r fangs nor talons to te> fle%1 t x is v f> f be+ ! food mo/ natural to !m4 ,he quotes num]\s examples ( em95t p]sons1 z well z ( nations 9 all times1 & adds1 z an argum5t n easy to be answ]$1 t3-- 8,x is prov$ x w\ld n be difficult to n\ri% animals :o live on fle% ) non-fle% sub/ances1 :ile x is almo/ impossible to n\ri% ) fle% ^? :o live ord9>ily ^u vegetable sub/ances40 ,hecquet devotes sev]al *apt]s to a description ( v>i\s ,fruits & ,h]bs1 & also ( v>i\s k9ds ( ,fi%1 :i* he holds to be mu* less objectionable & m innoc5t food ?an fle%4 ,comp>+ ! two diets1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge3-- 8,x causes our nature to revolt1 & excites horror to eat raw fle%1 & z x is pres5t$ to u naturally2 & x becomes supportable = u to ! ta/e & to ! sight only aft] long prep>ation ( cook+1 :i* deprives x ( :at is inhuman & disgu/+ 9 its orig9al /ate2 &1 (t51 x is only aft] _m v>i\s prep>ations & /range season+s t x c become agreeable or sanit>ily good4 ,x is n s ) o!r meats3 ! majority1 z !y come f ! h& ( ,nature1 )\t cook]y & )\t art1 are f\nd prop] to n\ri%1 & are pleasant to ! ta/e--pla9 pro( t !y are int5d$ by ,nature to ma9ta9 our heal?4 ,fruits are ( su* prop]ty t1 :5 well-*os5 & q ripe1 !y excite ! appetite by _! own virtue1 & might become1 )\t prep>ation1 suffic+4444 ,if ,vegetables or ,fi% h ne$ ( fire to accommodate !m to our nature1 ! fire appe>s to be us$ less to correct ^! sorts ( foods ?an to p5etrate !m1 to make !m s(t & t5d]1 & to develope :at 9 !m is mo/ prop] & suitable = heal?4444 ,9 f9e1 x is cle> t vegetables & fi% h ne$ ( less1 & less /range & r*]*1 condim5ts--all s5sible m>ks t ^! alim5ts are ! mo/ natural & suit$ to man40#cja ,hecquet's ,trait des ,disp5ses receiv$ ! =mal approval & comm5dation ( sev]al 8doctors reg5t0 ( ! ,faculty ( ,m$ic9e ( ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 :i* te/imonies are prefix$ to ! second edition ( #agaj4 ,) 8 ,engli% contempor>y1 ,dr4 ,*eyne1 & o!r m$ical re=m]s1 h[ev]1 he exp]i5c$ mu* insult & ridicule f anonym\s pr(essional critics4 ,x4 ,,pope4 #afhh-agdd4 ,primque e cde f]>um ,incaluisse putem maculatum sangu9e f]rum4 7,ovid ,metam4 ,,xv4 #ajf74 8,i _c ?9k x extravagant to imag9e t mank9d are no less1 9 proportion1 acc\ntable = ! ill use ( _! dom9ion ov] ! l[] ranks ( ,be+s1 ?an = ! ex]cise ( tyranny ov] _! own species4 ,! m entirely ! inf]ior creation is submitt$ to our p[]1 ! m answ]able we %\ld seem = ! mismanagem5t ( x2 & ! r1 z ! v condition ( ,nature r5d]s ^! be+s incapable ( receiv+ any recomp5se 9 ano!r life1 = _! ill-treatm5t 9 ?is4 8,x is obs]vable ( ^? noxi\s animals1 :o h qualities mo/ p[]ful to injure u1 t !y naturally avoid mank9d1 & nev] hurt u unless provok$1 or necessitat$ by hung]4 ,man1 on ! o!r h&1 seeks out & pursues ev5 ! mo/ in(f5sive animals on purpose to p]secute & de/roy !m4 ,montaigne ?9ks x "s reflection on human nature itself1 t few p take delight 9 see+ #8bea/s' c>ess or play toge!r1 b almo/ e "o is pleas$ to see !m lac]ate & worry "o ano!r4 8,i am sorry ?is temp] is become almo/ a di/+ui%+ "* ( our own nation1 f ! obs]vation :i* is made by =eign]s ( our belov$ ,pa/imes--,be>-bait+1 ,cock-fight+1 & ! l4 ,we %\ld f9d x h>d to v9dicate ! de/roy+ ( any?+ t has ,life1 m]ely out ( wantonness4 ,yet 9 ?is pr9ciple our *ildr5 are br$1 & "o ( ! fir/ pleasures we all[ !m is ! lic5ce ( inflict+ ,pa9 ^u poor animals4 ,almo/ z soon z we are s5sible :at ,life is ourselves1 we make x our ,sport to take x f o!r be+s4 ,i _c b believe a v good use might be made ( ! fancy :i* *ildr5 h = ,birds & ,insects4 ,mr4 ,locke takes notice ( a "m :o p]mitt$ !m to h] *ildr52 b rew>d$ or puni%$ !m z !y treat$ well or ill4 ,?is 0 no o!r ?an ent]+ !m betimes into a daily ex]cise ( ,humanity1 & improv+ _! v div]sion to a ,virtue4 8,i fancy1 too1 "s advantage might be tak5 ( ! common notion1 t 'tis om9\s or unlucky to de/roy "s sorts ( ,birds1 z ,swall[s or ,m>t9s4 ,?is op9ion might possibly arise f ! confid5ce ^! ,birds seem to put 9 u1 by build+ "u our ro(s1 s t x is a k9d ( violation ( ! laws ( ,hospitality to murd] !m4 ,z = ,rob9-r$-brea/s1 9 p>ticul>1 'tis n improbable !y owe _! security to ! old ballad ( ! ,*ildr5 9 ! ,wood4 ,h[ev] x be1 ,i don't "k1 ,i say1 :y ?is prejudice1 well-improv$ & c>ri$ z f> z x w\ld g1 might n be made to conduce to ! pres]vation ( _m innoc5t be+s1 :o are n[ expos$ to all ! wantonness ( an ignorant b>b>ity4444 8,:5 we gr[ up to be m5 we h ano!r succession ( sangu9>y ,sports--9 p>ticul>1 ,hunt+4 ,i d>e n attack a div]sion :i* has su* ,au?ority & ,cu/om to support x2 b mu/ h leave to be ( op9ion1 t ! agitation ( t ex]cise1 ) ! example & numb] ( ! *as]s1 n a little contribute to resi/ ^? *ecks :i* ,compassion w\ld naturally sugge/ 9 behalf ( ! ,animal pursu$4 ,nor %all ,i say1 ) ,m4 ,fleury1 t ?is sport is a rema9 ( ! ,go?ic ,b>b>ity2 b ,i mu/ animadv]t ^u a c]ta9 cu/om yet 9 use ) u1 b>b>\s en\gh to be d]iv$ f ! ,go?s or ev5 ! ,scy?ians--,i mean t savage complim5t our ,huntsm5 pass ^u ladies ( quality :o are pres5t at ! dea? ( a ,/ag1 :5 !y put ! knife into _! h&s to cut ! ?roat ( a helpless1 trembl+1 & weep+ creature4 8,que/uque cru5tus1 ,atque imploranti similis40#cjb 8,b if our #8,sports' are de/ructive1 our ,gluttony is m s1 & 9 a m inhuman mann]4 ,lob/]s roa/$ alive1 ,pigs :ipt to dea?1 ,f[ls sew$ up1#cjc are te/imonies ( our outrage\s ,luxury4 ,^? :o 7z ,s5eca expresses x7 divide _! lives betwixt an anxi\s ,consci5ce & a ,nauseat$ ,/oma*1 h a j rew>d ( _! gluttony 9 ! diseases x br+s ) x4 ,= human savages1 l o!r wild bea/s1 f9d sn>es & poison 9 ! provisions ( life1 & are allur$ by _! appetite to _! de/ruction4 ,i "k no?+ m %ock+ or horrid ?an ! prospect ( "o ( _! kit*5s cov]$ ) blood1 & fill$ ) ! cries ( ,be+s expir+ 9 tortures4 ,x gives "o an image ( a giant's d5 9 a romance1 be/rew$ ) ! scatt]$ heads & mangl$ limbs ( ^? :o 7 sla9 by 8 cruelty4 8,! excell5t ,plut>* 7:o has m /rokes ( good nature 9 8 writ+s ?an ,i rememb] 9 any au?or7 cites a say+ ( ,cato to ?is effect3--,t 'tis no easy task to prea* to ! ,belly :i* has no e>s4 ,yet if 7says he7 we are a%am$ to be s out ( fa%ion z n to (f5d1 let u at lea/ (f5d ) "s discretion & measure4 ,if we kill an animal = our provision1 let u d x ) ! melt+s ( compassion1 & )\t torm5t+ x4 ,let u consid] t x is1 9 its own nature1 cruelty to put a liv+ be+ to dea?--we1 at lea/ de/roy a s\l t has s5se & p]ception4#cjd 8,hi/ory tells u ( a wise & polite nation t reject$ a p]son ( ! fir/ quality1 :o /ood = a ju/ici>y (fice1 only because he _h be5 obs]v$1 9 8 y\?1 to take pleasure 9 teas+ & murd]+ ( ,birds4 ,& ( ano!r t expell$ a man out ( ! ,s5ate = da%+ a bird aga9/ ! gr\nd :o _h tak5 refuge 9 8 bosom4 ,e "o kn[s h[ rem>kable ! ,turks are = _! ,humanity 9 ?is k9d4 ,i rememb] an ,arabian au?or1 :o has writt5 a ,treatise to %[ h[ f> a man1 suppos$ to h subsi/$ 9 a des]t isl&1 )\t any in/ruction1 or s mu* z ! sight ( any o!r man1 may1 by ! pure light ( ,nature1 atta9 ! k ( ,philosophy & ,virtue4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s he makes him obs]ve is ! b5evol5ce ( ,nature1 9 ! protection & pres]vation ( h] creatures4#cje ,9 imitation ( :i*1 ! fir/ act ( virtue he ?9ks 8 self-taught philosoph] w\ld1 ( c\rse1 fall into1 is to relieve & assi/ all ! animals ab\t !m 9 _! wants & di/resses4444 8,p]haps t voice or cry1 s ne>ly resembl+ ! human1 ) :i* ,nature has end[$ s _m diff]5t animals1 might purposely be giv5 !m to move our ,pity1 & prev5t ^? cruelties we are to apt to inflict ^u our ,fell[ ,creatures40 ,pope quotes1 9 "p1 ! admirable v]ses ( ,ovid1 ,metam4 ,,xv41 ) ,dryd5's translation--& an apposite fable ( ! ,p]sian ,pilpai1 :i* illu/rates ! base +ratitude ( m5 :o torture & slaught] _! fell[ lab\r]s4--8,i "k x0 7?is common +ratitude7 said ! ,c[1 8by w(ul exp]i5ce2 = ,i h s]v$ a man ?is long "t ) milk1 butt]1 & *eese1 & br\ght him1 besides1 a ,calf e ye>--b n[ ,i am old1 he turns me into ?is pa/ure ) design to sell me to a but*]1 :o1 %ortly1 w make an end ( me40--,! ,gu>dian1 ,,lxi1 ,may #ba1 #agac4 ,) ,pilpai or ,bidpai's fable1 comp>e t ( ,la ,fonta9e on ! same subject--,l',homme et la ,c\leuvre4 ,,xi4 ,,*e/]field4 #afid-aggc4 ,to ! expression ( ! op9ion or feel+ ( ,"l ,*e/]field on but*]+1 giv51 9 its place1 9 ! body ( ?is "w 7page #adj71 is "h subjo9$ ! rema9d] ( 8 pap] 9 ,! ,_w4 ,! value ( su* te/imony may be deem$ proportionate to ! extreme r>ity ( any prote/s ( ?is sort f ^? :o1 by _! influ5tial position1 are ! mo/ b\nd to make !m3-- 8,al?\gh ?is reflection ! fact ( ! prey+ ( ! /rong] ^u ! weak] ?r\gh\t ,nature _h =ce en\gh to dispy?agorise me be=e my companions 9 8 college at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d _h "t to make obs]vations ^u my behavi\r1 :i* c\ld by no means h turn$ to my advantage 9 ! _w1 ,i = a great :ile reta9$ s t5d] a reg>d = all my fell[-creatures1 t ,i h sev]al times br\ght myself into imm95t p]il by putt+ but*]-boys 9 m9d1 t _! ,%eep 7 go+ to die1 & t !y walk$ full z fa/ z c\ld reasonably be expect$1 )\t ! cruel bl[s !y 7 s lib]al 9 be/[+ ^u !m4 ,z ,i commonly came (f ! wor/ 9 ^! disputes1 & z ,i c\ld n b obs]ve t ,i (t5 aggravat$1 nev] dim9i%$1 ! ill-treatm5t ( ^! innoc5t suff]]s1 ,i soon f\nd x necess>y to consult my own ease1 z well z security1 by turn+ d[n ano!r /reet1 :5ev] ,i met ) an adv5ture ( ?is k9d1 r ?an be compell$ to be a spectator ( :at w\ld %ock me1 or be provok$ to run myself into dang]1 )\t ! lea/ advantage to ^? :om ,i w\ld assi/4 8,i h kept /rictly1 ev] s9ce1 to ?is me?od ( flee+ f ! sight ( cruelty1 :]ev] ,i c\ld f9d gr\nd-room = x2 & ,i make no mann] ( d\bt1 t ,i h m ?an once escap$ ! horns ( a ,mad ,ox1 z all ( t species are call$1 t d n *oose to be tortur$ z well z kill$4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ^! escapes ( m9e h v frequ5tly run me into great inconv5i5ces4 ,i h sometimes be5 l$ into su* a s]ies ( bl9d alleys1 t x has be5 matt] ( great difficulty to me to f9d my way out ( !m4 ,i h be5 betray$ by my hurry into ! middle ( a m>ket--! prop] resid5ce ( ,inhumanity4 ,i h paid _m a six-&-eightp5ce = non-appe>ance at ! h\r my lawy] _h appo9t$ = bus9ess2 &1 :at w\ld hurt "s p worse ?an all ! re/1 ,i h frequ5tly arriv$ too late = ! d9n]s ,i h be5 invit$ to at ! h\ses ( my fri5ds4 8,all ^! difficulties & di/resses1 ,i began to flatt] myself1 7 go+ to be remov$1 & t ,i %\ld be left at lib]ty to pursue my walks ?r\gh ! /raighte/ & broade/ /reets1 :5 ,mr4 ,hog>? fir/ publi%$ 8 ,pr9ts ^u ! subject ( ,cruelty4#cjf ,b :atev] success s mu* +5uity1 f\nd$ ^u s mu* humanity1 might des]ve1 all ! hopes ,i _h built ( see+ a ,re=mation1 prov$ va9 & fruitless4 ,i am sorry to say x1 b !re /ill rema9 9 ! /reets ( ?is metropolis1 m sc5es ( ,b>b>ity ?an1 p]haps1 are to be met ) 9 all ,europe besides4 ,asia 7at lea/ 9 ! l>g] population ( x--! ,h9dus7 is well kn[n = compassion to #8brutes'2 & nobody :o has read ,busbequius1 w wond] at me = mo/ he>tily wi%+ t our common p 7 no cruell] ?an ,turks4 8,i %\ld h appreh5sions ( be+ laugh$ at1 7 ,i to compla9 ( want ( compassion 9 our ,laws 62 ! v ^w seem+ contradictory to any idea ( x4 ,b ,i w v5ture to own t to me x appe>s /range1 t ! m5 aga9/ :om ,i %\ld be enabl$ to br+ an action = lay+ a little dirt at my door1 may1 ) impunity1 drive by x half-a-doz5 ,calves1 ) _! tails lopp$ close to _! bodies & _! h9d] p>ts cov]$ ) blood4444 8,to conclude ?is subject--z ,i _c b jo9 9 op9ion ) ,mr4 ,hog>?1 t ! frequ5cy ( murd]s among u is greatly ow+ to ^? sc5es ( ,cruelty1 :i* ! l[] ranks ( p are s mu* accu/om$ to2 in/ead ( multiply+ su* sc5es1 ,i %\ld r hope t "s prop] me?od might be fix$ ^u ei!r = prev5t+ !m1 or remov+ !m out ( sight2 s t our infants might n gr[ up into ! _w 9 a famili>ity ) blood4 8,if we may believe ! ,naturali/s1 t a ,lion is a g5tle animal until 8 tongue has be5 dipp$ 9 blood1 :at precaution ought we to use to prev5t ,,man f be+ inur$ to x1 :o has su* sup]iority ( p[] to d mis*ief40--,! ,_w1 ,no4 ,,lxi41 ,aug4 #ai1 #agef4 ,,xii4 ,,j5yns4 #agjd-aghg4 ,a support] ( ! ,walpole ,adm9i/ration1 he repres5t$ ! c\nty ( ,cambridge1 & dur+ tw5ty-five ye>s held ! (fice ( ,commission] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,he wrote pap]s 9 ,! ,_w & o!r p]iodicals1 & publi%$ two volumes ( ,poems4 ,8 pr9cipal book is ! ,free ,enquiry into ! ,orig9 ( ,evil1 9 :i* he seeks to reconcile ! obvi\s evils 9 ! con/itution ( ?+s ) 8 optimi/ic cre$4 ,johnson1 :o1 ) all 8 or?odoxy1 0 pessimi/ic1 sev]ely criticis$ ?is apology = ,!ism4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! indiff]5tism ( ! va/ majority ( 8 class1 8 j & humane feel+ is suffici5tly rem>kable4 ,! l9e ( reason+1 9 8 compreh5sive arraignm5t ( ! v>i\s atrocities p]petrat$1 sanction$1 or condon$ by ,engli% ,society or ,engli% ,law 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 /ill cont9ue 7x is sc>cely necess>y to add71 logically leads to ! abolition ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se--! f\nta9 & orig9 ( ! evil3-- 8,h[ w ,man1 t sangu9>y ,tyrant1 be able to excuse himself f ! *>ge ( ^? innum]able cruelties inflict$ on 8 un(f5d+ subjects1 committ$ to 8 c>e1 & plac$ "u 8 au?ority1 by _! common fa!r8 ,to :at horrid deviations f ^! b5evol5t int5tions are we daily witnesses6 ,no small "p ( ,mank9d d]ive _! *ief amusem5t f ! dea?s & suff]+s ( inf]ior ,animals4 ,a mu* great] "p /ill1 consid] !m only z eng9es ( wood or iron1 useful 9 _! sev]al occupations4 ,! ,c>man drives 8 ,horse z ! ,c>p5t] 8 nail by repeat$ bl[s2 & s long z ^! produce ! desir$ effect1 & !y bo? g1 !y nei!r reflect nor c>e :e!r ei!r ( !m h any s5se ( feel+4 8,! ,but*] knocks d[n ! /ately ,ox ) no m compassion ?an ! ,blacksmi? hamm]s a horse-%oe1 & plunges 8 knife into ! ?roat ( ! innoc5t ,lamb ) z little reluctance z ! ,tailor /icks 8 ne$le into ! coll> ( a coat4#cjg ,if !re are "s few :o1 =m$ 9 a s(t] m\ld1 view ) pity ! suff]+s ( ^! def5celess be+s1 !re is sc>ce "o :o ent]ta9s ! lea/ idea t ,ju/ice or ,gratitude c be due to _! ,m]its or _! ,s]vices4 8,! social & fri5dly ,dog1 if by b>k+1 9 def5ce ( 8 ma/]'s p]son & prop]ty1 he happ5s unkn[+ly to di/urb 8 re/--! g5]\s ,horse1 :o has c>ri$ 8 ungrateful ma/] = _m ye>s1 ) ease & safety1 worn out ) age & infirmities contract$ 9 8 s]vice1 is by him condemn$ to end 8 mis]able days 9 a du/-c>t1 :]e ! m he ex]ts 8 little rema9s ( _s1 ! m he is :ipp$ to save 8 /upid driv] ! tr\ble ( :ipp+ "s o!r less ob$i5t to ! la%4 ,sometimes1 hav+ be5 taught ! practice ( _m unnatural & useless feats 9 a ,rid+-,h\se1 he is1 at la/1 turn$ out & consign$ to ! dom9ion ( a hackney-coa*man1 by :om he is e day correct$ = p]=m+ ^? tricks :i* he has le>n$ "u s long & sev]e a discipl9e4 ,add ! f9al horrors ( ! ,knack]s' ,y>d1 to :i* sort ( hell ! worn-out ,horse is usually consign$4 8,! ,sluggi% ,be>1 9 contradiction to 8 nature1 is taught to dance1 = ! div]sion ( an ignorant mob1 by plac+ r$-hot irons "u 8 feet4 ,! maje/ic ,bull is tortur$ by e mode t malice c inv5t1 = no (f5ce b t he is unwill+ to assail 8 diabolical torm5tors4#cjh ,^! & innum]able o!r acts ( ,cruelty1 ,inju/ice1 & ,+ratitude are e day committ$--n only ) impunity1 b )\t c5sure1 & ev5 )\t obs]vation4444 8,! law ( self-def5ce1 und\bt$ly1 ju/ifies u 9 de/roy+ ^? animals t w\ld de/roy u1 t injure our prop]ties1 or annoy our p]sons2 b n ev5 ^!1 :5ev] _! situation incapacitates !m f hurt+ u4444 8,if !re are any !re are va/ numb]s ev5 n[1 ^: ta/es are s vitiat$1 & ^: he>ts are s h>d5$1 z to delight 9 su* inhuman sacrifices ! tortures ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se & ( ! ,kit*51 & to p>take ( !m )\t remorse1 !y %\ld be look$ ^u z demons 9 human %ape1 & expect a retaliation ( ^? tortures :i* !y h inflict$ on ! ,innoc5t = ! gratification ( _! own deprav$ & unnatural appetites4 8,s viol5t are ! passions ( ang] & rev5ge 9 ! human brea/1 t x is n wond]ful t m5 %\ld p]secute _! real or imag9>y enemies ) cruelty & malevol5ce4 ,b t !re %\ld exi/ 9 ,nature a be+ :o c receive pleasure f giv+ pa9 w\ld be totally incr$ible1 if we 7 n conv9c$ by melan*oly exp]i5ce t !re are n only _m--b t ?is unacc\ntable disposition is 9 "s mann] inh]5t 9 ! nature ( m54#cji ,= z he _c be taught by example1 nor l$ to x by temptation1 nor prompt$ to x by int]e/1 x mu/ be d]iv$ f 8 native con/itution4#caj 8,we see *ildr5 laugh+ at ! mis]ies :i* !y inflict on e un=tunate animal :o comes )9 _! p[]4 ,all ,savages are +5i\s 9 contriv+ & execut+ ! mo/ exquisite tortures1 & n alone ! common p ( all c\ntries are delight$ ) no?+ s mu* z ) ,bull-,bait+s1 ,prize-,fight+s1 #8,executions1' & all spectacles ( cruelty & horror4444 ,!y arm ,cocks ) artificial weapons :i* ,nature _h k9dly d5i$ to _! malevol5ce1 & ) %\ts ( applause & triumph see !m plunge !m into ea* o!r's he>ts4 ,!y view ) delight ! trembl+ ,de] & def5celess ,h>e fly+ = h\rs 9 ! utmo/ agonies ( t]ror & despair1 &1 at la/1 s9k+ "u fatigue1 dev\r$ by _! m]ciless pursu]s4 ,!y see ) joy ! beautiful ,pheasant & h>mless ,p>tridge drop f _! flight1 welt]+ 9 _! blood1 or1 p]haps1 p]i%+ ) w\nds & hung] "u ! cov] ( "s fri5dly ?icket1 to :i* !y h 9 va9 retreat$ = safety4444 ,& to add to all ?is1 !y sp>e nei!r lab\r nor exp5se to pres]ve & propagate ^! innoc5t animals = no o!r end ?an to multiply ! objects ( _! p]secution4 8,:at "n %\ld we be/[ ^u a ,supreme ,be+ ^: :ole endeav\rs 7 employ$1 & ^: :ole pleasure consi/$1 9 t]rify+1 ensn>+1 torm5t+1 & de/roy+ mank9d2 ^: sup]ior faculties 7 ex]t$ 9 fom5t+ animosities among/ !m1 9 contriv+ eng9es ( de/ruction1 incit+ !m to use !m 9 maim+ & murd]+ ea* o!r2 ^: p[] ov] !m 0 employ$ 9 assi/+ ! rapaci\s1 deceiv+ ! simple1 & oppress+ ! innoc5t8 ,:o1 )\t provocation or advantage1 %\ld cont9ue1 f day to day1 void ( all pity & remorse1 ?us to torm5t mank9d = div]sion2 &1 at ! same "t1 endeav\r+1 ) ! utmo/ c>e1 to pres]ve _! lives & propagate _! species1 9 ord] to increase ! numb] ( victims devot$ to 8 malevol5ce8 ,i say1 :at "n dete/able en\gh c\ld we f9d = su* a be+4 ,yet if we imp>tially consid] ! case1 & our int]m$iate situation1 ) respect to inf]ior animals1 j su* a be+ is a #8,sportsman1' & let u add1 by way ( coroll>y1 =tiori "o :o consci\sly sanctions ! daily & h\rly cruelties ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se & ! ,but*]40--,disquisition ,,ii4 8,on ,cruelty to ,animals10 by ,soame ,j5yns4 ,,xiii4 ,,pressav94 #agej4 ,an em95t ,surgeon ( ,lyon1 9 ! ,m$ical & ,surgical ,college ( :i* city he held a pr(essor%ip1 & :]e he collect$ an ext5sive ,anatomical ,museum4 ,at ! ,revolution ( #aghi he embrac$ its pr9ciples ) ard\r1 & fill$ ! po/s ( ,municipal ,(fic] & ( ,procureur de la ,commune4 ,on ! day ( ! ,lyon executions1 "u ! direction ( ! revolution>y tribunals1 ,sept4 #i1 #agib1 ,pressav9 int]v5$1 & attempt$ to save sev]al ( ! condemn$4 ,9 ! ,conv5tion ,nationale1 to :i* he _h be5 elect$ deputy1 he vot$ = ! execution ( ! ,k+2 9 o!r respects he 0 oppos$ to ! extreme measures ( ! viol5t revolutioni/s1 & 9 ,sept41 #agic1 he 0 expell$ f ! ,society ( ! ,jacob9s4 ,9 #agih he 0 nam$ ,memb] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,five ,hundr$1 = two ye>s1 by ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,rhone4 ,! date ( 8 dea? seems to be unc]ta94 ,8 *ief writ+s are3-- ,trait des ,maladies des ,n]fs1 #agfi4 ,trait des ,maladies ,vnri5nes1 o l'on indique un ,n\veau ,remde1 #hvo41 #aggc4 ,la/1 & mo/ important1 ,l',art de ,prolong] la ,vie et de ,cons]v] la ,sant1 #hvo4 ,p>is1 #aghf4 ,x 0 translat$ into ,spani%1 ,madrid1 #hvo41 #agii4 ,pressav9 ?us expresses 8 convictions z to ! fatal effects ( ,kreophagy3-- 8,we _c d\bt t1 if ,man _h always limit$ himself to ! use ( ! n\ri%m5t de/9$ = 8 organs1 he w\ld n be se51 to-day1 to h become ! victim ( ?is multitude ( maladies :i*1 by a premature dea?1 m[s d[n 7moissonne7 ! greate/ numb] ( individuals1 be=e ,age or ,nature has put b\nds to ! c>e] ( 8 life4 ,o!r ,animals1 on ! contr>y1 almo/ all arrive at t t]m )\t hav+ exp]i5c$ any infirmity4 ,i speak ( ^? :o live free 9 ! fields2 = ^? :om we h subject$ to our ne$s 7real or pret5d$71 & :om we call dome/ic1 %>e 9 ! p5alty ( our abuses1 exp]i5ce ne>ly ! same alt]ation 9 _! temp]am5t1 & become subject to an inf9ity ( maladies f :i* ,wild ,animals are exempt4 8,m51 !n1 com+ f ! h&s ( ,nature1 liv$ a long "t )\t ?9k+ ( immolat+ liv+ be+s to gratify 7s'ass\vir7 _! appetite4 ,!y are1 )\t d\bt1 ^? happy times :i* our anci5t poets h repres5t$ to u "u ! agreeable allegory ( ! ,gold5 ,age4 ,9 fact ,man1 by natural organisation mild1 n\ri%+ himself only on vegetable-foods1 mu/ h be5 orig9ally ( pacific disposition1 q fitt$ 7bi5 propre7 to ma9ta9 among 8 fell[s t happy ,peace :i* makes ! delights ( ,society4 ,f]ocity1 ,i repeat x1 is peculi> to c>nivor\s animals2 ! blood :i* !y imbibe ma9ta9s t "* 9 !m4444 8,b if ?is faculty 7reflection71 :i* is call$ ,reason1 has furni%$ ,man ) s great res\rces = ext5d+ 8 enjoym5ts & increas+ 8 well-be+1 h[ _m evils h n ! multipli$ abuses1 :i* he has made ( !m1 drawn ^u him8 ,t :i* reg>ds 8 ,food is n ! "o ( !m :i* has lea/ contribut$ to 8 degradation1 z well physical z moral4444 8,among o!r evid5ces ( ?is1 c\ntry-p1 :o subsi/ ^u ! non-fle% diet1 are exempt f ! multitude ( maladies :i* eng5d] corruption ( ! juices ( ! blood1 su* z humoral1 putrid1 & malign fev]s1 f ,apoplexy1 f ,ca*exy1 f ,g\t1 & f an inf9ity ( mis]able disord]s--_! (fspr+2 !y arrive at a v advanc$ ,age1 free f ! infirmities :i* e>ly affect our old ,syb>ites4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! inhabitants ( t[ns1 :o make fle% _! pr9cipal food1 pass _! lives mis]ably1 a prey to all ^! maladies :i* "o may reg>d1 = t reason1 endemic among !m4 8,ano!r v evid5t pro( t ,fle% is n a food natural to man is t1 :oev] has ab/a9$1 dur+ a c]ta9 "t1 :5 he goes back to x--x is r>e t ?is new regim5 does n soon become 9 him ! g]m ( a disease1 ! grav] 9 proportion to ! ab/95ce f t food4 ,we h opportunities ( obs]v+ ?is aft] ! ,fa/s ( ! ,ca?olics--9 ! majority ( ^? :o h fai?fully practis$ ab/95ce f fle%40 ,he admits t !re may be "s con/itutions1 ^: organs ( dige/ion h be5 s corrupt$ by ! long use ( fle%1 t a sudd5 *ange may be unadvisable2 b a gradual re=m _c b be always b5eficial3-- 8,i d n d\bt t ,apoplexy1 t fatal ,malady s common among ! ri* p ( ! t[ns1 might be escap$ by ^? :o are ?reat5$ ) x1 by entire ab/95ce f fle%4 ,a ,sangu9e or humoral ple?ora is always ! pr$ispos+ cause ( ?is disease4 ,a sudd5 r>efaction ( ! blood or ( ! hum\rs 9 ! vessels is ! proximate cause ( x2 ?is r>efaction takes place only by ! pr$isposition ( ! juices ( ! body to corruption40 ,pressav9 devotes a consid]able proportion ( 8 ,treatise to ! argum5ts f ,comp>ative ,physiology4--,:ile firmly p]suad$ bo? ( ! unnaturalness1 & ( ! fatal mis*iefs1 ( ! diet ( blood1#caa he expresses 8 despair ( an e>ly triumph ( ,reason & ,humanity by means ( a g5]al dietetic re=mation4#cab ,,xiv4 ,,s*ill]4 #agei-ahje4 ,aft] ,goe! ! greate/ ( ,g]man ,poets1 began life z a surgeon 9 ! army4 ,9 8 tw5ty-second ye> he produc$ 8 fir/ drama1 ,die ,rub] 78,! ,robb]s074 ,"s passages 9 x betray$ ! 8clov5 ho(0 ( revolution>y1 or at lea/ democratic1 bias1 & he br\ght ^u himself ! displeasure ( ! sov]eign ,duke ( ,wrtemb]g1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* he 0 =c$ to leave ,/uttg>t4 ,8 pr9cipal dramas are ,wall5/e91 ,wilhelm ,tell1 ,die ,jungfrau von ,orleans1 ,m>ia ,/u>t1 & ,don ,c>los1 ( :i* ,wall5/e9 is1 usually1 plac$ fir/ 9 m]it4 ,ev5 great] ?an ! dramatic p[] ( ,s*ill] is ! g5ius ( 8 ballad poetry1 & 9 lyrical inspiration he is ! equal ( ,goe!4 ,das ,li$ von d] ,glocke 78,! ,lay ( ! ,bell071 "o ( 8 mo/ widely-kn[n ballads1 is also "o ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 its k9d4 ,9 prose lit]ature1 8 ,briefe ,philosophis*e 78,philosophical ,lett]s071 & 8 correspond5ce ) 8 great poetical rival1 are ! mo/ int]e/+ ( 8 writ+s4 ,9 ,das ,eleusis*e ,fe/ 78,! ,eleus9ian ,fea/07 & ,d] ,alp5jg] 78,! ,hunt] ( ! ,alps07 are to be f\nd ! humanit>ian s5tim5ts z foll[3-- ,s*welg5d bei dem ,siegesmahle ,f9det sie die rohe ,s*a>1 ,und die blutgefllte ,s*aale ,br+t man ihr zum ,opf] d> ,ab] s*au]nd1 mit ,entsetz51 ,w5det sie si* weg & spri*t3 ',blut'ge ,tig]mahle netz5 ,e9es ,gottes ,lipp5 ni*t4 ,re9e ,opf] w er hab5 ,fr*te1 die d] ,h]b/ bes*e]t-- ,mit des ,feldes fromm5 gab5 ,wird d] ,heilige v]ehrt4 ,und sie nimmt die ,wu*t des ,spe]es ,aus des ,jg]'s rauh] h&2 ,mit dem ,s*aft des ,mordgewehres ,fur*et sie d5 lei*t5 ,s&1 ,nimmt von ihres ,kranzes ,spitze ,e95 ,k]n mit ,kraft gefllt1 ,s5kt ihn 9 die z>te ,ritze1 ,und d] ,trieb des ,keimes s*willt4#cac 99 99 99 99 99 ,mit des ,jamm]s ,/umm5 ,blick5 ,fleht sie zu dem h>t5 ,mann1 ,fleht umson/1 d5n1 loszudrck51 ,legt er s*on d5 ,bog5 an2 ,pltzli* aus d] ,fels5spalte ,tritt d] ,gei/1 d] ,b]gesalte ,und mit se95 ,gtt]hnd5 ,s*tzt er das gequlte ,?i]3 8,mus/ du ,tod und ,jamm] ,s5d50 ,ruft er 8bis h]auf zu mir8 ,raum fur alle hat die ,erde ,0 v]folg/ du me9e ,he]de80#cad ,,xv4 ,,b5?am4 #agdi-ahcb4 ,?is great legal re=m] 0 educat$ at ,we/m9/]1 & at ! age ( ?irte5 proce$$ to ,que5's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,at ! age ( sixte5 he took 8 fir/ degree 9 ,arts4 ,! m5tal uneas9ess ) :i* he sign$ ! obligatory te/ ( ! 8,?irty-n9e ,articles0 he vividly record$ 9 aft] ye>s4 ,at ! ,b>1 :i* he soon aft]w>ds ent]$1 8 prospects 7 unusually promis+2 b unable to reconcile 8 /&>d ( e?ics ) ! recognis$ morality ( ! ,pr(ession1 he soon )drew f x4 ,8 fir/ publication1--,a ,fragm5t on ,gov]nm5t1 #aggf--:i* appe>$ )\t 8 "n1 0 assign$ to "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! day4 ,8 next1 & pr9cipal "w1 0 8 ,introduction to ! ,pr9ciples ( ,morals & ,legislation 7#aghj71 n publi%$ until #aghi4 ,at ?is p]iod he travell$ ext5sively 9 ! ,ea/ ( ,europe4 ,panopticon3 or ! ,inspection-,h\se 7on prison discipl9e71 appe>$ 9 #agia4 ,! ,book ( ,fallacies 7review$ by ,sidney ,smi?1 9 ! ,ed9burgh71 9 :i* ! 8wisdom ( our ance/ors0 delusion 01 m]cilessly expos$ 7#ahbd71 is ! be/ kn[n1 & is ! mo/ lively ( all 8 writ+s4 ,rationale ( ,judicial ,proc$ure1 & ! ,con/itutional ,code1 are ^? :i* h _h mo/ influ5ce 9 effect+ legislative & judicial re=m4 ,b5?am /&s 9 ! front rank ( legal re=m]s2 & z a fe>less & consi/5t oppon5t ( ! iniquities ( ! ,engli% ,crim9al ,law1 9 p>ticul>1 he has des]v$ ! gratitude & respect ( all ?\ghtful m9ds4 ,yet1 dur+ "s sixty ye>s1 he 0 con/antly held up to obloquy & ridicule by ! enemies ( ,re=m1 9 ! ,press & on ! ,plat=m2 & 8 "n 0 a sort ( synonym = utopianism1 & revolution>y doctr9e4 ,9 8 own c\ntry 8 writ+s 7 long 9 little e/eem2 b else:]e1 & 9 ,france especially1 by ! int]pretation ( ,dumont1 8 op9ions _h a wid] dissem9ation4 ,9 ,morals1 ! f\ndation ( 8 tea*+ is ! pr9ciple ( ! greate/ ,happ9ess ( ! ,greate/ ,numb]2 t o!r ?+s are good or evil 9 proportion z !y advance or oppose ! g5]al ,happ9ess1 :i* ought to be ! end ( all morals & legislation4 ,n ! lea/ ( 8 m]its z a morali/ is 8 ass]tion ( ! rights ( o!r animals ?an man to ! protection ( ,law1 & 8 prote/ aga9/ ! culpable selfi%ness ( ! lawmak]s 9 :olly ab&on+ !m to ! caprici\s cruelty ( _! human tyrants4 ,! mo/ em95t ( ! disciples ( ,b5?am1 ,john ,/u>t ,mill 7:o f\nd himself =c$ to def5d ! tea*+ ( 8 ma/]1 9 ?is respect1 aga9/ ! sne]s ( ,:ately1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,dubl91 & o!rs71 repeats ?is prote/1 & decl>es t-- 8,! reasons = legal int]v5tion 9 fav\r ( *ildr5 apply n less /rongly to ! case ( ^? un=tunate slaves & victims ( ! mo/ brutal "p ( mank9d1 ! l[] animals4 ,x is by ! grosse/ misund]/&+ ( ! pr9ciples ( ,lib]ty1 t ! infliction ( exempl>y puni%m5t on ruffianism practis$ t[>ds ^! def5celess be+s has be5 treat$ z a m$dl+ by ,gov]nm5t ) ?+s beyond its prov9ce--an int]f]5ce ) dome/ic life4 ,! dome/ic life ( dome/ic tyrants is "o ( ! ?+s :i* x is ! mo/ imp]ative on ! ,law to int]f]e )4 ,& x is to be regrett$ t metaphysical scruples1 respect+ ! nature & s\rce ( ! au?ority ( gov]nm5ts1 %\ld induce _m w>m support]s ( laws aga9/ cruelty to ! l[] animals to seek = ju/ification ( su* laws 9 ! incid5tal consequ5ces ( ! indulg5ce ( f]oci\s habits to ! int]e/ ( human be+s1 r ?an 9 ! intr9sic m]its ( ! ?+ itself4 ,:at x w\ld be ! duty ( a human be+1 possess$ ( ! requisite physical /r5g?1 to prev5t by =ce1 if attempt$ 9 8 pres5ce1 x _c be less incumb5t on society g5]ally to repress4 ,! exi/+ laws ( ,engl& are *iefly defective 9 ! trifl+--(t5 almo/ nom9al--maximum to :i* ! p5alty1 ev5 9 ! wor/ cases1 is limit$40 7,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy1 ed4 #ahgc47 ,! obs]vations bo? ( ,b5?am & ( ,mill ^u ?is subject1 slight$ ?\gh !y are1 are pregnant ) consequ5ces4 ,x is ?us t ! =m] au?ority expresses 8 op9ion3-- 8,:at o!r ag5ts are ^? :o1 at ! same "t t !y are "u ! influ5ce ( man's direction1 are susceptible ( ,happ9ess8 ,!y are ( two sorts3 7#a7 ,o!r ,human be+s1 :o are /yl$ ,p]sons4 7#b7 ,o!r ,animals :o1 on acc\nt ( _! int]e/s hav+ be5 neglect$ by ! ins5sibility ( ! anci5t ,juri/s1 /& degrad$ into ! class ( ,?+s4 ,"u ! ,g5too & ,mahometan religions1 ! int]e/s ( ! re/ ( ! animal k+dom seem to h met ) "s att5tion4 ,:y h !y n1 univ]sally1 ) z mu* z ^? ( human be+s1 all[ance made = ! diff]5ces 9 po9t ( s5sibility8 ,because ! ,laws t are h be5 ! "w ( mutual fe>--a s5tim5t :i* ! less rational animals h n _h ! same means1 z m5 h1 ( turn+ to acc\nt4 ,:y ought !y n to h ! same all[ance made8 ,no reason c be giv54444 8,! day has be5 7& x is n yet pa/7 9 :i* ! great] "p ( ! ,species1 "u ! d5om9ation ( ,slaves1 h be5 treat$ by ! ,laws exactly ^u ! same foot+--z 9 ,engl&1 = example1 ! inf]ior races ( be+s are /ill4 ,! day may come1 :5 o!r ,animals may obta9 ^? rights :i* nev] c\ld h be5 )hold5 f !m b by ! h& ( ,tyranny4 ,! ,fr5* h already 7#agij7 recognis$ t ! blackness ( ! sk9 is no reason :y a human be+ %\ld be ab&on$1 )\t r$ress1 to ! caprice ( a torm5tor4 8,x may come "o day to be recognis$ t ! numb] ( ! legs1 ! villosity ( ! sk91 or ! t]m9ation ( ! os sacrum1 are reasons equally insuffici5t = ab&on+ a s5sitive be+ to ! same fate4 ,:at else is x %\ld fix ! insup]able l9e8 ,is x ! faculty ( reason1 or1 p]haps1 ! faculty ( disc\rse8 ,b a full-gr[n ,horse or ,dog is1 beyond comp>ison1 a m rational1 z well z m conv]sable animal1 ?an an infant ( a day1 or a week1 or ev5 ( a mon? old4 ,b suppose ! case 7 o!rwise1 :at w\ld x avail8 ,! "q is n1 c !y reason8 ,nor is x1 c !y talk8 ,b1 c !y suff]80#cae ,,xvi4 ,,s9clair4 #aged-ahce4 ,?is celebrat$ ,agricultural ,re=m] & active promot] ( v>i\s b5efic5t ent]prises 0 a mo/ volum9\s writ]4 ,dur+ sixty ye>s he 0 almo/ con/antly employ$ 9 produc+ m or less useful books4 ,he 0 born at ,?urso ,ca/le1 9 ,cai?ness1 & receiv$ 8 education at ! ,ed9burgh ,high ,s*ool1 & at ! ,univ]sities ( ,glasg[ & ,ox=d4 ,9 #agge he 0 admitt$ a memb] ( ! ,faculty ( ,advocates1 & aft]w>ds 0 call$ to ! ,engli% ,b>4 ,five ye>s lat] he 0 elect$ to repres5t 8 c\nty 9 ! ,legislature2 & = m ?an half a c5tury ,sir ,john ,s9clair occupi$ a prom95t position 9 ! _w ( politics1 z well z ( sci5ce & lit]ature4 ,8 reputation z an ,agriculturi/ ext5d$ f> & wide ?r\gh\t ,europe & ,am]ica2 & /atesm5 & political economi/s1 if !y did n aid !m z !y ought to h done1 pr(ess$ = 8 lab\rs ! highe/ e/eem4 ,8 pr9cipal writ+s are3 7#a7 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,rev5ue ( ,great ,brita91 #c vols42 7#b7 ,a ,/ati/ical ,acc\nt ( ,scotl&1 a mo/ labori\s "w2 7#c7 ,consid]ations on ,militias & ,/&+ ,armies2 7#d7 ,essays on ,agriculture2 7#e7 ,n ! lea/ important1 ,! ,code ( ,heal? & ,longevity1 9 :i* ! sagaci\s & indefatigable au?or has collect$ a l>ge numb] ( int]e/+ p>ticul>s 9 reg>d to ! diet ( v>i\s peoples4 ,comp>+ ! two diets1 he ass]ts3-- 8,! ,t>t>s1 :o live :olly on animal food1 possess a degree ( f]ocity ( m9d & fi]c5ess ( "* :i* =m ! lead+ feature ( all c>nivor\s animals4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an entire diet ( vegetable matt]1 z appe>s 9 ! ,brahm9 & ,g5too1 gives to ! disposition a s(tness1 g5tl5ess1 & mildness ( feel+ directly ! rev]se ( ! =m] "*4 ,x also has a p>ticul> influ5ce on ! p[]s ( ! m9d1 produc+ livel9ess ( imag9ation & acut5ess ( judgm5t 9 an em95t degree40 ,sir ,john ,s9clair else:]e quotes ! foll[+ suffici5tly condemnatory rem>ks f ! ,encyclopdie ,me?odique1 vol4 vii41 "p #a3-- 8,! man :o %$s ! blood ( an ,ox or a ,%eep w be habituat$ m easily ?an ano!r to witness ! effusion ( t ( 8 fell[-creatures4 ,inhumanity takes possession ( 8 s\l1 & ! trades1 ^: occupation is to sacrifice animals = ! purpose ( supply+ ! pret5d$ necessities ( m51 imp>t to ^? :o ex]cise !m a f]ocity :i* _! relative connections ) ,society b imp]fectly s]ve to mitigate40--,code ( ,heal? & ,longevity1 vol4 i41 #dbc1 #dbi1 & vol4 iii41 #bhc4caf ,,xvii4 ,,byron4 #aghh-ahbd4 8,z we _h none ( u be5 appris$ ( 8 peculi>ities ) respect to food1 ! emb>rassm5t ( our ho/ ,samuel ,rog]s 0 n little1 on discov]+ t !re 0 no?+ ^u ! table :i* 8 noble gue/ c\ld eat or dr9k4 ,nei!r fle% meat1 fi%1 nor w9e w\ld ,"l ,byron t\*2 & ( biscuits & soda wat]1 :i* he ask$ =1 !re _h be51 unluckily1 no provision4 ,he pr(ess$1 h[ev]1 to be equally well pleas$ ) potatoes & v9eg>2 & ( ^! meagre mat]ials contriv$ to make r a he>ty meal4444 8,we frequ5tly1 dur+ ! fir/ mon?s ( our acqua9tance d9$ toge!r alone4444 ,?\gh at times he w\ld dr9k freely en\gh ( cl>et1 he /ill adh]$ to 8 sy/em ( ab/95ce 9 food4 ,he appe>$1 inde$1 to h conceiv$ a notion t animal food has "s peculi> influ5ce on ! "*2#cag & ,i rememb] "o day1 z ,i sat opposite to him1 employ$1 ,i suppose1 r e>ne/ly ov] a #8beef-/eak1' aft] wat*+ me = a few seconds1 he said 9 a grave tone ( inquiry1--#8,moore1 don't y f9d eat+ beef-/eak makes y f]oci\s8'0--,life1 ,lett]s1 & ,j\rnals ( ,"l ,byron1 by ,?omas ,moore4 ,new ,edition4 ,murray1 #ahfj4 ,9 ^! ,memorials ( ,byron1 ref]5ce to 8 av]sion f all 8but*]'s meat0 is frequ5t2 & = ! great] "p ( 8 life1 he seems to h obs]v$1 9 fact1 an extreme ab/95ce z reg>ds eat+2 al?\gh he _h by no means ! same repugnance = fi% z = fle%-eat+4 ,t ?is ab/95ce f fle%-meats 0 f\nd$ ^u physical or m5tal1 r ?an ^u moral1 reasons1 has already be5 po9t$ out4 ,nor1 unhappily1 0 he z ab/95t 9 dr9k+ z 9 eat+2 to :i* fact1 9 great measure1 mu/ be attribut$ ! failure ( 8 pur] eat+ to effect all ! good :i*1 o!rwise1 x w\ld h produc$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! obs]vations ( ! au?or ( a book entitl$ ,philozoa1 publi%$ 9 #ahci1 & notic$ ) approval by ,s*op5hau]1 are suffici5tly wor?y ( note1 & may fitly conclude ?is "w3-- 8,_m v intellig5t m5 h1 at diff]5t times ( _! lives1 ab/a9$ :olly f fle%2 & ?is1 too1 ) v consid]able advantage to _! heal?4 ,mr4 ,lawr5ce1 ^: em95ce z a surgeon is well kn[n1 liv$ = _m ye>s on a vegetable diet4 ,byron1 ! poet1 did ! same1 z did ,p4 ,b4 ,%elley1 & _m o!r di/+ui%$ lit]ati :om ,i c\ld "n4 ,dr4 ,lambe & ,mr4 ,f4 ,newton h publi%$ v able works 9 def5ce ( a diet ( h]bs1 & h condemn$ ! use ( fle% z t5d+ to und]m9e ! con/itution by a sort ( sl[ poison+4 ,sir ,r4 ,phillips has publi%$ ,sixte5 ,reasons = ,ab/a9+ f ! ,fle% ( ,animals1 & a l>ge society exi/s 9 ,engl& ( p]sons :o eat no?+ :i* has _h life4 8,! mo/ att5tive rese>*es1 :i* ,i h be5 able to make into ! heal? ( all ^! p]sons1 induce me to believe t vegetable food is ! natural diet ( man4 ,i tri$ x once ) v consid]able advantage4 ,my /r5g? became great]1 my intellect cle>]1 my p[] ( cont9u$ ex]tion protract$1 & my spirits mu* high] ?an !y 7 :5 ,i liv$ on a mix$ diet4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ! #8inconv5i5ce' :i* "s p]sons pr(ess to exp]i5ce f vegetable food is only tempor>y4 ,a few repeat$ trials w\ld soon r5d] x n only safe b agreeable1 & a disgu/ = ! ta/e ( fle%1 "u any disguise1 w\ld be ! result ( ! exp]im5t4 ,! ,c>melites1 & o!r religi\s ord]s1 :o subsi/ only on ! productions ( ! vegetable _w1 live to a great] age ?an ^? :o fe$ on fle%2 &1 9 g5]al1 frugivor\s p]sons are mild] 9 _! disposition ?an o!r p4 ,! same quantity ( gr\nd has be5 prov$ to be capable ( su/a9+ a l>g]#cah & /rong] population on a vegetable ?an on a fle%-meat diet2 & exp]i5ce has %[n t ! juices ( ! body are m pure1 & ! visc]a mu* m free f disease1 9 ^? :o live 9 ?is simple way4 8,all ^! facts1 tak5 collectively1 po9t to a p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( civilisation :5 m5 w cease to slay _! fell[-mortals = food1 & w t5d to realise ! fictions ( ,antiquity1 & ( ! ,sybill9e oracles respect+ a #8,gold5 ,age4'0#cai ,,index4 ,ab]ne?y ,john1 ,m4,d41 ,surgical ,obs]vations on ,tum\rs1 quot$1 #aif ,ad]holdt ,a41 ,m4,d41 ref]r$ to1 #bga-bhd sop1 ,fable ( ! ,wolf1 ref]r$ to1 #aag ,alcott ,wm41 ,m4,d41 ref]r$ to1 #bfb-bfd ,anquetil ,du ,p]ron1 ,r*]*es sur les ,indes1 ref]r$ to1 #agg-baj ,apollonius ( ,tyana 7,life by ,philo/ratus71 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #ej-ea1 #cjc ,arbu?not ,john1 ,m4,d41 ,essay ,conc]n+ ,alim5ts1 ref]r$ to1 #acb ,arnold ,edw91 ,! ,light ( ,asia1 quot$1 #bif ,attalus1 notic$ by ,s5eca1 #cj ,axon ,w4 ,e4 ,a417,biog4 ,sket*es ( ,george ,ni*olson1 ,sir ,r4 ,phillips1 & ,william ,c[h]d71 ref]r$ to1 #aia1 #bdd1 #bfj ,bak] ,?omas1 ,ab/ract ( ,graham's ,sci5ce ( ,human ,life1 ref]r$ to1 #bfe1 #bff ,baltz] ,edu>d1 ,porphyry & ,musonius1 #fh1 #bhd1 #cjd ,b>tol9i ,biagio1 ,m4,d4 7,notice ( ,corn>o71 ref]r$ to1 #hi ,b5?am ,j]emy1 quot$1 #cbg1 #cbh ,blot-,lequne1 ,critique ( ,?alysie1 quot$ by ,r4 ,spr+]1 #baa ,bonnodire ,la1 ,de la ,sobrit et de ses ,avantages1 ref]r$ to1 #cjf ,bossuet ,jacques ,bnigne1 ,disc\rs sur l',hi/oire ,univ]selle1 quot$1 #aab ,brew/] ,sir ,david1 ,m ,worlds ?an ,"o1 quot$1 #bee ,bro!rton ,joseph1 ,m4,p41 ,presid5t ( ! ,engli% ,veget>ian ,society1 ref]r$ to1 #bjb1 #bei1 #bfd ,buddha ,gautama1 ref]r$ to & notic$1 #f1 #bie-bif ,buddhi/ ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 ,texts f ! ,buddhi/ ,canon1 commonly kn[n z ,dhammapada1 also ! ,kla ,slam1 translat$ f ! ,pli1 #bie-bii ,buffon ,george ,l\is ,le ,cl]c de1 ,hi/oire ,naturelle1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #aff1 #bad ,burigni de 7,translator ( ,porphyry1 & au?or ( a ,treatise aga9/ ,fle%-,eat+1 notic$ by ,voltaire71 #fg ,busbecq ,augi] de1 on ! ,turks1 ref]r$ to by ,"l ,*e/]field1 #cba ,byron ,george ,gordon1 ,"l1 ,life1 ,lett]s1 & ,j\rnals1 by ,moore1 & ,poems1 #bcd1 #cca ,cabant\s ,j41 ,doy5 de 9 ,facult de ,lettres1 ,t\l\se1 notic$ by ,r4 ,spr+]1 #baj ,*antrans ,girod de1 notic$ by ,r4 ,spr+]1 #baj ,*>ron ,pi]re1 ,de la ,sagesse1 ref]r$ to1 #ii ,*e/]field ,philip ,dorm]1 ,"l1 ,! ,_w1 ,,cxc41 quot$1 #aci1 #cbj-cba ,*eyne ,george1 ,m4,d41 ,essay on ! ,g\t2 ,( ,heal? & a ,long ,life2 ,engli% ,malady3 or1 a ,treatise ( ,n]v\s ,diseases ( all ,k9ds2 ,essay on ,regim52 ,natural ,me?od ( ,cur+ ! ,diseases ( ! ,body1 & ! ,disord]s ( ! ,m9d ,dep5d+ on ! ,body1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #ig1 #abj-abh ,*ri/ian ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 #eb1 #ed1 #ee1 #gi ,*ryso/om ,ioannes1 ,homilies1 ,gold5 ,book1 quot$1 #gf-ha ,cic]o ,m>cus ,tullius1 ,epi/les vii4 #a1 quot$1 #bd ,cl>ke ,james1 ref]r$ to1 #bei ,clem5s ,titus ,flavius 7( ,alex&ria71 ,pdagogus or ,in/ructor1 ,/romata or ,miscellanies1 quot$1 #ef-fc ,clem5t9e ,homilies1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #ef ,coc*i ,antonio1 ,m4,d41 ,del ,vitto ,pi?agorico ,p] ,uso ,della ,m$ic9a1 quot$1 #aeg-aei ,collyns ,c4 ,h41 ,! ,times1 ref]r$ to1 #bjb ,corn>o ,luigi di1 ,trattato della ,vita ,sobria1 ,amorevole ,esortazione1 c42 ,lett]a a ,b>b>o1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #hc-ij1 #cjf ,c[h]d ,william1 notic$1 #beh-bfj ,c[ley ,abraham1 ,! ,g>d51 quot$1 #cjh-cji ,c[p] ,william1 ,! ,task1 quot$1 #agh ,cuvi] ,george1 c41 ,b>on de1 ,leons d',anatomie ,comp>ative1 ,,iii41 #afi1 #cgc1 #ddc1 #dfe1 #dhj ,rgne ,animal1 notic$ by ,%elley1 #bbf ,daum] ,georg1 ,an?ropologismus und ,kriticismus2 ,en?llung5 b] ,kasp> ,haus]1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #bha-bhc ,dietetic ,re=m]1 ref]r$ to1 #bab1 #bea ,ed5 ,sir ,f4 ,m41 ,/ate ( ! ,poor1 ref]r$ to1 #agg1 #ahi ,epikurus1 ,de ,sobrietate ,contra ,gulam1 quot$ by ,gass5di1 #aja1 #ajd ,erasmus ,desid]ius1 ,encomium ,mori1 quot$1 #ib ,ersk9e ,?omas1 ,"l1 ref]r$ to1 #bjb ,ess5ians & ,ess5ism1 notic$1 #ef1 #gb ,euripides1 quot$ by ,a!nu1 #cb ,evelyn ,john1 ,acet>ia3 ,on ,sallets1 quot$1 #ajg-aaj ,f]dusi1 quot$ by ,sir ,william ,jones1 #ada ,f]guson ,adam1 ref]r$ to1 #bjh ,flaub]t ,g41 ,lg5de de ,/4 ,juli51 quot$ 9 ,=tnightly ,review1 #ahg ,fl\r5s1 ,i4 ,m4 ,p41 ,longvit de la ,race ,huma9e1 ref]r$ to1 #age1 #bfh1 #bgj ,fonta9e ,la1 ,jean de1 ,fables x4 #b1 quot$1 #aag ,=/] ,t41 ,m4,d41 ,philozoa1 c41 quot$1 #ccb ,frankl9 ,b5jam91 ,autobiography1 ref]r$ to1 #agf ,gal51 ,greek ,physician1 ref]r$ to1 #ce ,gaskill ,james1 ref]r$ to1 #bei ,gay ,john1 ,fables--,py?agoras & ! ,c\ntryman2 ,! ,c\rt ( ,dea?2 ,! ,%eph]d's ,dog & ! ,boy2 ,! ,wild ,bo> & ! ,ram2 ,! ,philosoph] & ! ,pheasants1 quot$1 #aae-aai ,gass5di ,pi]re1 ,lett] to ,van ,helmont1 ,e?ics1 quot$1 #ajj-ajd ,gibbon ,edw>d1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 xxvi1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #agg1 #bbj ,glezs ,jean ,anto9e1 ,?alysie3 ou la ,n\velle ,exi/5ce2 ,les ,nuits ,elysi5nes1 c41 quot$1 #bjh-bah1 #beb ,glezs ,colonel1 ref]r$ to1 #baj ,grvius ,johann ,georg1 ref]r$ to1 #bic ,graham ,sylve/]1 ,m4,d41 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,life1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #bfb1 #bfc1 #bfd1 #bga ,gold5 ,v]ses ,!1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #ba1 #bid ,g! ,johann ,wolfgang von1 ,itali5is*e ,reise2 ,w]!r's ,leid51 c41 ref]r$ to1 #cbg ,goltz ,bogumil1 ,das ,m5s*5dase9 9 ,se95 ,weltewig5 ,zg5 und ,zei*51 #bhe ,gomp]tz ,lewis1 ref]r$ to by ,=/]1 #ccb ,greg ,w4 ,r41 ,social ,problems1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #bae1 #ccb ,gtzlaff ,v41 ,m4,d41 ,s*op5hau] b] die ,?i]e und d5 ,?i]s*utz2 ,e9 ,beitrag zur e?is*5 ,seite d] ,vivisectionsfrage1 ref]r$ to1 #bhh ,hahn ,!odor1 ,die ,naturgemsse ,dit3 die ,dit d] ,zukunft1 quot$1 #bhd1 #bib ,hall] ,albre*t von1 ,m4,d41 quot$1 #aef1 #aeg ,h>dy ,seba/ian1 ,le ,vrai ,rgme de ,vivre1 c41 ref]r$ to1 #cjf ,h>e ,edw>d1 ,life ( ,william ,lambe1 ,m4,d41 quot$1 #bje ,h>tley ,david1 ,m4,d41 ,obs]vations on ,man1 quot$1 #ach1 #aci ,h>tlib ,samuel1 ,a ,design = ,pl5ty1 by a ,univ]sal ,plant+ ( ,fruit-,trees1 ref]r$ to1 #ajh ,hawkeswor? ,john1 ,edition ( ,swift's ,works2 ,adv5tur]1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #afh ,hecquet ,philippe1 ,m4,d41 ,de ,l',indc5ce aux ,hommes d',acc\*] les ,femmes1 c42 ,trait des ,disp5ses du ,c>me2 ,la ,mdic9e1 ,la ,*irurgie1 et la ,ph>macie des ,pauvres2 ,la ,brig&age de la ,mdic9e1 c41 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #fh1 #acc1 #cad-cah ,helps ,sir ,ar?ur1 ,animals & ,_! ,ma/]s1 ref]r$ to1 #cbi ,hesiodos1 7,works & ,days71 quot$1 #a1 #c1 #bic ,hi]okles1 7,gold5 ,v]ses71 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #ba1 #bid ,h9du ,sacr$ ,books1 ,laws ( ,manu1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #ahb1 #bih ,hippokrates1 7,on ! ,heal?ful ,regim571 ref]r$ to1 #ab ,hog>? ,william1 ,f\r ,/ages ( ,cruelty1 ref]r$ to1 #agi1 #cba ,hogg ,jeff]son1 ,life ( ,%elley1 quot$1 #bjf ,horatius ,flaccus1 ,odes1 ,ars ,poet41 ,sat4 ,,ii4 #b41 quot$1 #gd1 #bii-cjc ,h[>d ,john1 ,life (1 ref]r$ to1 #ahi ,hufel& ,*ri/ian ,wilhelm1 ,m4,d41 ,makrobiotik1 od] die ,kun/ das ,m5s*li*e ,leb5 zu ,v]lng]n1 c41 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #ahd1 #bfh ,hypatia1 ref]r$ to1 #fg1 #hb ,iambli*us1 ,life ( ,py?agoras1 ref]r$ to1 #e1 #h ,j5yns ,soame1 quot$1 #cbb-cbd ,jewi% ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #ed1 #fa1 #gi ,jones ,sir ,william1 ,asiatic ,rese>*es1 iv4 #ab1 quot$1 #ada ,josephus ,flavius1 ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1 quot$1 #gc ,julianus1 ,emp]or1 ,misopogon 7,be>d ,hat]71 notic$1 #gd-gf ,juv5alis ,decimus ,junius1 ,sat4 ,i41 xv41 c41 quot$1 #i1 #dh1 #he1 #ahb ,kalidsa1 ,sakntala1 ref]r$ to1 #ahb1 #bgg ,k+s=d ,anna1 ,m4,d41 ,! ,p]fect ,way 9 ,diet1 ref]r$ to1 #bga ,laborde ,alex&re de1 ref]r$ to1 #beb ,lam>t9e ,alphonse de1 ,mmoires2 ,la ,*ute d'un ,ange1 quot$1 #bdg-beb ,lambe ,william1 ,m4,d41 ,additional ,reports on ,regim51 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #aig1 #aih-bje1 #bjf1 #bjg1 #cca ,lawr5ce ,william1 ,pr(essor1 ,f4,r4,c4,s41 ,lectures on ,physiology1 quot$1 #bgj ,lm]y ,l\is1 ,m4,d41 ,trait des ,alim5s1 ref]r$ to1 ,lesage ,ala9 ,rn1 ,gil ,blas ii4 #b1 quot$1 #acd ,lessio ,leon>d1 ,hygia/icon1 quot$1 #cje-cjg ,liebig ,ju/us von1 ,*emis*e ,briefe1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #bae1 #bij-bib ,l9n ,k>l von1 ,amnitates ,accademic1 quot$1 #afd-afe ,lipsius ,ju/us von1 edition ( ,s5eca1 quot$1 #ca-cb ,locke ,john1 ,?\ghts on ,education1 ref]r$ to1 #aji1 #bea ,lucretius ,titus ,c>us1 ,de ,r]um ,natur ,,ii41 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #be1 #cjj ,ly=d ,h4 ,g41 ,m4,d41 ref]r$ to1 #bje ,mahbhrata1 ,/ory ( ! ,pr9cess ,savtri1 quot$1 #big ,m&eville ,b]n>d de1 ,m4,d41 ,fable ( ! ,bees1 quot$1 #aac-aae ,m>t9 ,john1 ref]r$ to1 #agi1 #ahg ,mayor ,j4 ,e4 ,b41 ,pr(essor1 ,musonius & ,juv5al1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #cje ,metcalfe ,william1 ,m4,d41 ,essay on ,ab/95ce f ! ,fle% ( ,animals2 ,moral ,re=m]2 ,am]ican ,veget>ian & ,heal? ,j\rnal1 c41 notic$1 #bfj-bfd ,mi*elet ,jules1 ,la ,bible de l',humanit2 ,la ,femme2 ,l',oiseau1 quot$1 #beb-beh ,mill ,john ,/u>t1 ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy2 ,diss]tations1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #cbh ,milton ,john1 ,p>adise ,lo/1 v41 xi42 ,lat9 ,poem address$ to ,diodati1 quot$1 #aaj-aab ,m(fet ,?omas1 ,m4,d41 ,heal?'s ,improvem5t1 quot$1 #cjg ,montaigne ,mi*el de1 ,essais1 quot$1 #id-ii ,m ,sir ,?omas1 ,utopia1 quot$1 #ij-id ,musonius ,rufus1 9 ,an?ologion ( ,/obu1 quot$ by ,pr(essor ,mayor1 #cjc-cje ,neo-,platonism1 ref]r$ to1 #ef1 #fg1 #hb ,newman ,f4 ,w41 ,pr(essor1 ,presid5t ( ! ,engli% ,veget>ian ,society1 ,lectures on ,veget>ianism1 ref]r$ to1 #ic1 #agb1 #bae1 #bib ,newton ,sir ,isaac1 ref]r$ to by ,voltaire 7,elm5s de la ,philosophie de ,newton71 & by ,hall]1 #aja1 #ade ,newton ,j4 ,f41 ,! ,return to ,nature1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #bje-bjh1 #cca ,ni*ols ,t4 ,l41 ,m4,d4 7,hygi5ic ,lit]ature71 ref]r$ to1 #cad ,ni*olson ,george1 ,on ! ,conduct ( ,man to ,inf]ior ,animals2 ,! ,primeval ,diet ( ,man1 quot$1 #aij-aif ,ni*olson ,e4 ,b41 ,! ,rights ( an ,animal1 ref]r$ to1 #cbi ,nodi] ,*>les1 ref]r$ to1 #baj ,oswald ,john1 ,! ,cry ( ,nature1 quot$1 #agi-ahc ,ovidius ,naso1 ,metamorphoses1 xv42 ,fa/i1 iv41 quot$1 #bc-bg1 #di1 #bii-cjc ,paley ,william1 ,pr9ciples ( ,moral & ,political ,philosophy1 quot$1 #afi-agb ,phillips ,sir ,ri*>d1 ,gold5 ,rules ( ,social ,philosophy2 ,m$ical ,j\rnal 7,july #bg1 #ahaa72 ,diction>y ( ! ,arts ( ,life & ,civilisation1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #bce-bdd1 #cca ,philolaus1 ,py?agorean ,sy/em1 ref]r$ to1 #e ,philo/ratus1 ,life ( ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 quot$1 #ej-ea ,pilpai1 ,fable ( ! ,c[1 quot$ by ,pope1 #cbj ,pitcairn ,ar*ibald1 ,m4,d41 ref]r$ to1 #bjj ,plato1 ,republic ii2 ,laws1 quot$1 #ab-bb ,pl9ius ! ,eld]1 ,hi/4 ,naturalis1 quot$1 #bd ,plot9us1 notic$ by ,donaldson1 #fe-ff ,plut>*1 ,essay on ,fle%-,eat+2 ,symposiacs2 ,p>allel ,lives1 quot$1 #da-di ,pope ,alex&]1 ,pa/orals2 ,essay on ,man2 ,! ,gu>dian1 quot$1 #ga1 #abh-acb1 #cah-cbj ,porphyry1 7,on ,ab/95ce72 ,life ( ,py?agoras1 quot$1 #fc-gd ,pressav9 ,jean ,bapti/e1 ,membre du ,collge ,royale de ,*irurgie1 ,lyon1 ,demon/rateur en ,matire ,mdicale-,*irurgicale ,lyon1 ,l',art de ,prolong] la ,vie et de ,cons]v] la ,sant1 quot$1 #cbd-cbf ,proklus1 ref]r$ to1 #hb ,py?agoras 79 ,hi]okles1 ,diog5es1 ,iambli*us1 ,porphyry1 & ,coc*i7 notic$ & quot$1 #d-aa1 #ba1 #aeh1 #bid ,ramazz9i ,b]n>do1 ,m4,d41 ref]r$ to1 #hi ,ray ,john1 ,hi/oria ,plant>um1 quot$1 #ajf1 #ajg ,ri*>dson ,b4 ,w41 ,m4,d41 ,salutisl&2 ,hygieia1 ref]r$ to1 #cbf ,ri*t] ,jean ,paul1 ,levana1 quot$1 #bhg1 #bhh ,ritson ,joseph1 ,ab/95ce f ,animal ,food3 a ,moral ,duty1 quot$1 #ahe-aij1 #cbc ,ror>ius1 ,qud ,animalia ,bruta ,spe ,utantur ,ratione ,melius ,hom9e1 ref]r$ to1 #ii ,r\sseau ,jean ,jacques1 ,de l',9galit ,p>mi les ,hommes2 ,emile2 ,julie3 ou la ,n\velle ,hloise2 ,confessions1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #aei-afd1 #aie ,sadi1 ,p]sian ,poet1 ref]r$ to1 #ada ,sakya ,muni1 ref]r$ to1 #ahb ,s*ill] ,johann ,fri$ri*1 ,das ,eleusis*e ,fe/2 ,alp5jg]1 quot$1 #cbf-cbg ,s*op5hau] ,ar?ur1 ,fundam5t d] ,moral 7,le ,fondem5t de la ,morale72 ,p>]ga und ,p>alipom5a1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #bhf-bij ,seefeld ,a4 von1 ref]r$ to1 #bhd ,s5eca ,m>cus ,annu1 ,epi/ol ad ,lucilium2 ,de ,cl5t5ti2 ,de ,vit ,beat2 ,de ,ir2 ,que/iones ,naturales1 quot$1 #bg-dj ,sextius ,qu9tus1 ref]r$ to1 #ca ,%elley ,p]cy ,bys%e1 ,que5 ,mab & ,note2 ,! ,revolt ( ,islam1 quot$1 #bah-bcd ,%akespe>e ,william1 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ii4 #a2 ,cymbel9e1 i4 #f1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #aje ,simpson ,james1 ,presid5t ( ,engli% ,veget>ian ,society1 ref]r$ to1 #bfc ,s9clair ,sir ,john1 ,! ,code ( ,heal? & ,longevity1 quot$1 #ccj ,sloane ,sir ,hans1 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ( ,jamaica1 ref]r$ to1 #agg ,smi? ,adam1 ,! ,weal? ( ,nations1 quot$1 #agg ,smi? ,john1 ,fruits & ,f>9acea3 ! ,prop] ,food ( ,man1 edit$ by ,pr(essor ,newman1 quot$1 #ga ,smi? ,sydney1 quot$1 #afh ,sotion1 ref]r$ to by ,s5eca1 #ca ,sp>rman ,&r1 ref]r$ to1 #agg ,sp]one ,sp]oni1 ref]r$ to1 #hi ,spr+] ,rob]t1 ,g]man translator ( ,?alysie1 ou la ,n\velle ,exi/5ce1 quot$1 #baa ,/rauss ,david ,fri$ri* ,dr41 ,d] ,alte und d] ,neue ,glaube1 quot$1 #bhg ,/ruve ,gu/av1 ,m&>as' ,w&]ung52 ,das ,seel5leb52 ,die ,pflanz5ko/1 quot$21 #bga-bha ,/4 ,pi]re ,b]n>d91 ,paul et ,virg9ie2 ,etudes de la ,nature1 quot$1 #agc-agf ,/ubbs ,philip1 ,anatomy ( ,abuses1 quot$ by ,ritson1 #cjg ,sw$5borg ,emanuel1 ref]r$ to1 #agf ,swift ,jona?an1 ,dean1 ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 #acc ,t]tullianus ,qu9tus ,septimius1 ,de ,jejuniis ,adv]sus ,psy*icos1 quot$1 #ea-ee ,?omson ,james1 ,! ,seasons1 quot$1 #acd-acg ,trelawney ,f41 ,life ( ,%elley1 ref]r$ to1 #bbj ,tryon ,?omas1 ,! ,way to ,heal? & ,long ,life2 ,a ,treatise on ,cleanl9ess 9 ,meats & ,dr9ks2 ,! ,way to make all ,p ,ri*2 ,engl&'s ,gr&eur2 ,dialogue betwe5 an ,ea/-,india ,bra*man & a ,fr5* ,g5tleman1 c41 #cji-cad ,vill5euve ,c4 de1 ,m4,d41 ref]r$ to1 #bjb ,virgilius ,m>o1 ,georgica2 neis1 quot$1 #ej1 #ea1 #if ,volney ,con/ant9e ,comte de1 ,voyages en ,syrie et en ,egypte1 ref]r$ to & quot$1 #aji1 #ccj ,voltaire ,franois ,m>ie ,ar\et de1 ,essai sur les ,murs et ,l',esprit des ,nations2 ,dictionnaire ,philosophique 7,art4 ,vi&e72 ,pr9cesse de ,babylone2 ,lettres d',amab$ ,%a/asid2 ,dialogue du ,*apon et de la ,p\l>de1 quot$ & ref]r$ to1 #ci1 #fh1 #aja1 #ada-aef ,weil%us] ,emil1 quot$ by ,r4 ,spr+]1 #baa ,wesley ,john1 ,j\rnals1 ref]r$ to1 #agf ,williamson ,john 7notic$ by ,ritson1 & by writ] 9 ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 ,aug4 #aghg71 #ahi ,woman & ! ,age1 an ,essay1 ref]r$ to1 #bef ,"y ,?omas1 ,on ,cruelty1 ref]r$ to by ,=/] 7,philozoa71 #ccc ,zimm]man ,w41 ,m4,d4 ,d] ,weg zum ,p>adiese 7,! ,way to ,p>adise71 quot$1 #bhe ,,john ,,heywood1 ,excelsior ,/eam ,pr9t+ & ,bookb9d+ ,works1 ,hulme ,hall ,road1 ,man*e/]4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,quot$ by ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps 9 8 ,animals & _! ,ma/]s4 7,/rahan1 #ahgc47 ,! fur!r j rem>k ( ,arnold ^u ?is subject may "h be quot$3--8,k9d1 lov+1 submissive1 consci5ti\s1 mu*-endur+ we "k !m to be2 b because we deprive !m ( all /ake 9 ! future--because !y h no selfi%1 calculat$ aims--^! are n virtues4 ,yet1 if we say a #8vici\s' ,horse1 :y n say a #8virtu\s' ,horse80 #b ,t ! indescribable atrocities inflict$ 9 ! f9al sc5e ( ! slaught]-h\se1 are f> f be+ ! only suff]+s to :i* ! victims ( ! ,table are liable1 is a fact ^u :i*1 at ?is day1 x ought to be sup]flu\s to insi/4 ,! frightful suff]+s dur+ 8! middle passage10 9 r\gh wea!r1 & especially 9 sev]e /orms1 h ov] & ov] aga9 be5 rec\nt$ ev5 by spectators ! lea/ likely to be easily affect$ by ! spectacles ( l[] animal suff]+4 ,?\s&s ( ,ox5 & ,%eep1 ye> by ye>1 are ?r[n liv+ into ! sea dur+ ! passage f ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone4 ,9 ! ye> #ahgi1 accord+ to ! (ficial report1 #ad1jjj ?us p]i%$1 :ile #a1bdj 7 l&$ dead1 & #dej 7 slaught]$ on ! quay ^u l&+ to prev5t dea? f w\nds4--,see1 among o!r rec5t works on humane ,dietetics1 ! ,p]fect ,way 9 ,diet ( ,dr4 ,anna ,k+s=d = "s mo/ in/ructive details ^u ?is subject4 ,! read] is also ref]r$ to ! ,lecture rec5tly address$ to ! ,/ud5ts ( ,girton ,college1 ,cambridge1 by ! same able & eloqu5t writ]1 = o!r aspects ( ! humanit>ian argum5t4 #c ,cf4 ,horace 7:om1 h[ev]1 we d n quote z an au?ority7-- 8,let olives1 endives1 mall[s light ,be all my f>e20 & ,virgil ?us indicates ! *>m ( a rural exi/5ce = him :o realises x3-- 8,:atev] fruit ! bran*es & ! mead ,spontane\s br+1 he ga!rs = 8 ne$40 #d ,! same app>5t contradiction--! co-exi/5ce ( 8flocks & h]ds0 ) ! preval5ce ( ! non-fle% diet--appe>s 9 ! ,jewi% !ology1 9 ,g5esis4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t 9 bo? cases ! 8flocks & h]ds0 might be exi/+ = o!r purposes ?an = slaught]4 #e ,daimones4 ,! dmon 9 ,greek !ology 0 simply a less] div9ity--an angel4 #f ,comp>e ,sp5s]'s *>m+ v]ses 78,fa]y ,que510 ,book ii41 canto #h73 8,& is !re c>e 9 heav510 c4 #g ,8 moral pr9ciples are r$uc$ to ^!3--8#a4 ,m]cy e/abli%$ on an immovable basis4 #b4 ,av]sion to all cruelty4 #c4 ,a b\ndless compassion = all creatures40 ,quot$ f ,klapro? by ,huc1 ,*9ese ,empire1 xv4 ,buddhism 0 to ,brahm9ism1 sac]dotally1 :at e>ly ,*ri/ianity 0 to ,mosaism4 #h ,all ! v>ieties ( ! be> tribe1 x is p]haps sc>cely necess>y to obs]ve1 are by organisation1 & !re=e by pref]5ce1 frugivor\s4 ,x is f necessity only1 = ! mo/ "p1 t !y seek = fle%4 #i ,comp>e ,montaigne 7,essais1 ,book ,,ii41 *ap4 #ab71 :o1 to ! %ame ( ! popul> op9ion ( ! pres5t day1 ably ma9ta9s ! same !sis4 #aj ,! allegory ( ! trials & f9al purification ( ! s\l 0 a fav\rite "o ) ! ,greeks1 9 ! *>m+ /ory ( ! loves & sorr[s ( ,psy*e & ,eros4 ,apuleius ins]t$ x 9 8 fiction ( ,! ,gold5 ,ass1 & x con/antly occurs 9 ,greek & mod]n art4 #aa ,beans1 l lean fle%1 are v nitrog5\s1 & x is possible t ,py?agoras may h deem$ !m too invigorat+ a diet = ! m aspir+ ascetics4 ,?is may seem at lea/ a m solid reason ?an ! absurd conjectures to :i* we h ref]r$4 #ab 8,z reg>ds ! fruits ( ?is sy/em ( tra9+ or belief 7! ,py?agorean71 x is int]e/+ to rem>k10 says ! au?or ( ! article ,py?agoras 9 ,dr4 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,biography1 8t1 :]ev] we h notices ( di/+ui%$ ,py?agoreans1 we usually he> ( !m z m5 ( great uprightness1 consci5ti\sness1 & self-re/ra9t1 & z capable ( devot$ & endur+ fri5d%ip40 ,among/ !m ! names ( ,ar*ytas1 & ,damon1 & ,ph9tias are p>ticul>ly em95t4 ,ar*ytas 0 "o ( ! v greate/ g5iuses ( antiquity3 he 0 di/+ui%$ alike z a philosoph]1 ma!matician1 /atesman1 & g5]al4 ,9 me*anics he 0 ! inv5tor ( ! wood5 fly+ dove--"o ( ! wond]s ( ! old] _w4 ,emp$okles 7! ,apollonius ( ! #e? c5tury ,b4,c471 :o devot$ 8 m>vell\s atta9m5ts to ! s]vice ( humanity1 may be claim$ z1 at lea/ 9 "p1 a foll[] ( ,py?agoras4 #ac 8,qu ,philosophia fuit1 facta ,philologia e/40 7,ep4 cviii47 ,comp>e ,montaigne1 ,essais1 i41 #bd1 on ,p$antry1 :]e he admirably di/+ui%es betwe5 wisdom & le>n+4 #ad ,! ,republic ( ,plato4 ,by ,davies & ,vaughan4 #ae ,9 support ( ?is !sis ,plato adduces argum5ts d]iv$ f analogy4 ,among/ ! non-human species ! sexes1 he po9ts out1 are ne>ly equal 9 /r5g? & intellig5ce4 ,9 human savage life ! diff]5ce is f> less m>k$ ?an 9 artificial conditions ( life4 #af --! "n giv5 by ! ,greeks g5]ally to ev]y?+ :i* !y consid]$ r z a 8reli%0 ?an a necess>y4 ,bread 0 held to be--n only 9 "n b 9 fact--! v]itable 8/aff ( life40 ,olives1 figs1 *eese1 &1 at ,a!ns especially1 fi% 7 ! ord9>y 4 #ag ,translat$ by ,davies & ,vaughan4 #ahgd4 #ah ,! f\r sacr$ ,py?agorean virtues--ju/ice1 temp]ance1 wisdom1 =titude4 ,see notice ( ,plato above4 #ai ,^u :i* excell5t maxim ,hi]okles ju/ly rem>ks3 8,! judge "h appo9t$ is ! mo/ j ( all1 & ! "o :i* is ought to be mo/ at home ) u1 viz43 consci5ce & "r reason40 #bj ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,octob]1 #ahgg4 ,! ,greek orig9al ( ! ,gold5 ,v]ses is f\nd 9 ! text ( ,mulla*1 9 ,fragm5ta ,philosophorum ,grcorum4 ,p>is1 #ahfj4 #ba ,! ,romans1 we may rem>k1 import$ ! gladiatorial fights f ,spa94 #bb ,hi/4 ,naturalis ,,viii4 #g4 ,8 nephew says ( ^! huge slaught]-h\ses t 8!re is no novelty1 no v>iety1 or any?+ t c\ld n be se5 once = all40 ,on "o occasion1 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #bhd1 we are cr$ibly in=m$ t #a1jjj o/ri*es1 #a1jjj /ags1 #a1jjj fall[-de]1 besides num]\s wild %eep & goats1 7 m+l$ toge!r = indiscrim9ate slaught] by ! wild bea/s ( ! =e/ or ! equally wild bea/s ( ! city4 7,see ,decl9e & ,fall47 #bc ,"s traces ( x may be f\nd1 e4g41 9 ,lucretius 7,de ,r]um ,nat4 ,,ii41 :]e see 8 t\*+ picture ( ! b]eav$ "m-c[1 ^: "y is ravi%$ f h] = ! horrid sacrificial alt>72 ,virgil 7neis ,,vii471 9 8 /ory ( ,silvia's de]--! mo/ t\*+ passage 9 ! poem2 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,9 e>li] ,greek lit]ature1 ,euripides seems mo/ 9 sympa?y ) suff]+--at lea/ z reg>ds 8 own species4 #bd ,i see & approve ! bett] way2 ,i pursue ! worse4--,metam4 vii41 #bj4 #be ,9 a note on ?is passage ,lipsius1 ! fam\s ,dut* comm5tator1 rem>ks3 8,i am q 9 accord ) ?is feel+4 ,! con/ant use ( fle% meat 7assidua 7 by ,europeans makes !m /upid & irrational 7brutos740 #bf ,lipsius sugge/s1 ) mu* reason1 t ,s5eca actually wrote ! opposite respect+ 8 fa!r1 8:o _h no dislike = ?is philosophy1 b :o fe>$ calumny10 c4 #bg ,on ?is melan*oly tru? comp>e ,montaigne's ,essais4 #bh ,ep4 xxv4 ,lipsius "h quotes ,lucan 8/ill m a philosoph] ?an a poet03-- 8,discite quam p>vo liceat produc]e vitam1 ,et quantum natura petat4 4 4 ,satis e/ populis fluviusque ,c]esque40 8,le>n by h[ little life may he su/a9$1 & h[ mu* nature requires4 ,! gifts ( ,c]es & wat] are suffici5t n\ri%m5t = all peoples40--7,ph>salia47 ,also ,euripides3-- 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 ' 1 ' 40 ,:i* may be translat$3-- 8,s9ce :at ne$ mortals1 save twa9 ?+s alone1 ,cru%'d gra9 7heav5's gift71 & /ream+ wat]-draught8 ,food nigh at h&1 & nature's alim5t-- ,( :i* no glut cont5ts u4 ,pamp]$ ta/e ,hunts out device ( o!r eatables40 7,fragm5t ( lo/ drama ( ,euripides1 pres]v$ 9 ,a!nu iv4 & 9 ,gellius vii47 ,see1 too1 ! eld] ,pl9y1 :o pr(esses 8 conviction t 8! pla9e/ food is also ! mo/ b5eficial0 7cibus simplex utilissimus71 & ass]ts t x is f 8 eat+ t man d]ives mo/ ( 8 diseases1 & f !nce t all ! drugs & all ! arts ( physicians ab\nd4 7,hi/4 ,nat4 xxvi41 #bh47 #bi ,cf4 ,pope's accusation ( ! gluttony ( 8 species3-- 8,( half t live1 ! but*] & ! tomb40 --,essay on ,man4 #cj ,comp>e ,juv5al passim1 ,m>tial1 ,a!nu1 ,plut>*1 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 #ca ,ep4 cx4 ,cf4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 i4 on ,coloss4 i47 :o seems to h borr[$ 8 equally =cible admonition on ! same subject f ,s5eca4 #cb ,epi/ola vii4 & ,de ,brevitate ,vit xiv4 ,z to ! effect ( ! gross diet ( ! lat] a?letes1 ,ari/on 7z quot$ by ,lipsius7 comp>$ !m to columns 9 ! gymnasium1 at once 8sleek & /ony0-- 4 ,diog5es ( ,s9ope1 be+ ask$ :y ! a?letes seem$ always s void ( s5se & intellig5ce1 repli$1 8,because !y are made up ( ox & sw9e fle%40 ,gal51 ! great ,greek m$ical writ] ( ! second c5tury ( our ra1 makes ! same rem>k ^u ! prov]bial /upidity ( ?is class1 & adds3 8,& ?is is ! univ]sal exp]i5ce ( mank9d--t a gross /oma* does n make a ref9$ m9d40 ,! ,greek prov]b1 8 10 exactly expresses ! same exp]i5ce4 #cc ,de ,clem5ti i4 & ii4 ,! au?or has be5 accus$ ( flatt]+ a notori\s tyrant4 ,! *>ge is1 h[ev]1 unju/1 s9ce ,n]o1 at ! p]iod ( ! d$ication ( ! treatise to him1 _h n yet discov]$ 8 lat5t vici\sness & cruelty4 ,l ,voltaire1 9 rec5t times1 ,s5eca be/[$ p]haps unm]it$ praise1 9 ! hope ( flatt]+ ! p[]ful into ! practice ( ju/ice & virtue4 #cd ,cf4 ! sad exp]i5ces ( ! great ,jewi% prophet4 8,! prophets prophesy falsely10 c4 #ce ,9 ! orig9al1 8dumb animals0 7mutis animalibus7--a t]m :i*1 x des]ves special note1 ,s5eca usually employs1 r ?an ! traditional expressions 8bea/s0 & 8brutes40 ,! t]m 8dumb animals0 is n /rictly accurate1 see+ t almo/ all t]re/rials h ! use ( voice ?\gh x may n be intelligible to human e>s4 ,yet x is1 at all ev5ts1 pref]able to ! old traditional t]ms /ill 9 g5]al use4 #cf ,comp>e ! advice ( ! y\ng] ,pl9y--8,read mu* r ?an _m books40 7,lett]s vii41 #i 9 ! excell5t revision ( ,mr4 ,bosanquet1 ,bell & ,daldy1 #ahgg7 & ,gibbon's j rem>ks 7,miscellane\s ,works74 #cg ,see ?is f9ely & wittily illu/rat$ 9 ,micromgas 7"o ( ! mo/ exquisite satires ev] writt571 :]e ! philosoph] ( ! /> ,sirius proposes ! same que/ions to ! cont5d+ metaphysicians & savans ( our planet4 #ch ,?is essay ranks among ! mo/ valuable productions t h come d[n to u f antiquity4 ,its sagaci\s anticipation ( ! mod]n argum5t f comp>ative physiology & anatomy1 z well z ! e>ne/ness & true feel+ ( its eloqu5t appeal to ! high] in/9cts ( human nature1 gives x a special int]e/ & importance4 ,we h !re=e plac$ x sep>ately at ! end ( ?is article4 #ci --8,an ,essay to prove t ! ,l[] ,animals reason40 #dj ,?is essay is rem>kable z be+1 p]haps1 ! fir/ speculation z to ! exi/5ce ( o!r worlds ?an ours4 #da ,z reg>ds ?is complete sil5ce ( ,plut>*1 x may be attribut$ to 8 em95tly cons]vative temp]am5t1 :i* %rank f an exclusive sy/em t s completely broke ) ! sacr$ traditions ( 8! v5]able ,pa/40 ,besides1 ,*ri/ianity _h n assum$ ! impos+ proportions ( ! age ( ,lucian1 ^: indiff]5ce is !re=e m surpris+ ?an t ( ,plut>*4 #db ,see1 = example1 ! ,isis & ,osiris1 #di4 ,& yet1 ) ,francis ,bacon1 & ,bayle1 & ,addison1 he pref]s ,a!ism to fanatical ,sup]/ition4 #dc ,( ! _m em95t p]sons :o h be5 indebt$ to1 or :o h pr(ess$ ! greate/ admiration =1 ! writ+s ( ,plut>* are ,eusebius1 :o places him at ! head ( all ,greek philosoph]s1 ,orig51 ,!odoret1 ,aulus ,gellius1 ,photius1 ,suidas1 ,lipsius4 ,!odore ( ,gaza1 :5 ask$ :at writ] he w\ld fir/ save f a g5]al conflagration ( libr>ies1 answ]$1 8,plut>*2 = he consid]$ 8 philosophical writ+s ! mo/ b5eficial to society1 & ! be/ sub/itute = all o!r books40 ,among/ mod]ns1 ,montaigne1 ,montesquieu1 ,voltaire1 & especially ,r\sseau1 recognise him z "o ( ! fir/ ( morali/s4 #dd ,see ,milton 7,p>adise ,lo/1 xi471 & ,%elley 7,que5 ,mab74 #de ,cf4 ,pope3--8,( half t live1 ! but*] & ! tomb40--,moral ,essays4 #df ,p>allel ,lives3 ,cato ! ,c5sor4 ,translat$ by ,john & ,william ,langhorne1 #ahbf4 #dg ,see ,odyssey1 xii41 #cie1 ( ! ox5 ( ! sun impi\sly slaught]$ by ! companions ( ,ulysses4 #dh 8,h9c subit mortes1 atque inte/ata ,s5ectus40--8,h5ce sudd5 dea?s1 & age )\t a w40 ,juv5al1 ,sat4 ,i4 #di 8,! an>* ,cu/om's reign40 ,%elley3 ,revolt ( ,islam4 #ej ,su* x seems1 7 "s ( ! popul> me?ods ( torture 9 ! ,slaught] ,h\ses 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our ra4 ,:e!r ! 8calf-ble$+10 & ! prelim9>y op]ations :i* produce ! pt de foie gras1 c41 or ! old] me?ods1 be> away ! palm = +5uity 9 cul9>y torture1 may be a "q4 #ea ,see --9 ! ,lat9 title1 ,de ,esu ,c>nium--8,on ,fle%-,eat+10 ,p>ts #a & #b4 ,we %all "h add ! au?ority ( ,pl9y1 :o pr(esses 8 conviction t 8! pla9e/ food is ! mo/ b5eficial40 7,hi/4 ,nat4 xi41 #aag72 & ass]ts t x is f 8 eat+ t man d]ives mo/ ( 8 diseases4 7xxv41 #bh47 ,comp>e ! feel+ ( ,ovid1 :om we h already quot$--,metamorphoses xv4 ,we may "h ref] our read]s also to ! celebration1 by ! same poet1 ( ! innoc5t & peaceful gifts ( ,c]es1 & ( ! sup]iority ( h] pure table & alt>--,fa/i iv41 #cie-daf4 ,pace1 ,c]es1 lta e/4 ,at vos optate1 ,coloni1 ,p]petuam pacem1 p]petuumque ducem4 ,f>ra ,de1 micque licet sali5tis honorem ,detis3 et 9 vet]es turea grana focos4 ,et1 si ?ura ab]ant1 unctas acc5dite tdas4 ,p>va bon ,c]]i1 s9t modo ca/a1 plac5t4 ,a ,bove succ9cti cultros removete m9i/ri3 ,bos aret4444 ,apta jugo c]vix non e/ f]i5da securi3 ,vivat1 et 9 dur spe laboret humo4 ,& ! f9e picture ( ,virgil ( ! agricultural life 9 ! ideal 8,gold5 ,age10 9 :i* slaught] = food & w> 0 unkn[n3-- ,ante ,impia quam csis g5s e/ epulata juv5cis4 8,be=e ,an impi\s _w ! lab\r+ ox5 slew40--,georgics ,,ii4 #eb 8,! proclamation ( ! bir? ( ,apollonius to 8 "m by ,proteus1 & ! inc>nation ( ,proteus himself--! *orus ( swans :i* sang = joy on ! occasion--! ca/+ out ( devils1 rais+ ! dead1 & heal+ ! sick--! sudd5 disappe>ances & reappe>ances ( ,apollonius--8 adv5tures 9 ! ,cave ( ,trophonius1 & ! sacr$ ,voice :i* call$ him at 8 dea?1 to :i* may be add$ 8 claim z a tea*] to re=m ! _w--_c fail to sugge/ ! p>allel passages 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory4444 ,/ill1 x mu/ be all[$ t ! resemblances are v g5]al1 & on ! :ole x seems probable t ! life ( ,apollonius 0 n writt5 ) a controv]sial aim1 z ! resemblances1 ?\gh real1 only indicate t a few ?+s 7 borr[$1 & exhibit no trace ( a sy/ematic p>allel40--,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,biography4 ,edit$ by ,wm4 ,smi?1 ,,ll4,d4 ,s great 0 ! e/imation 9 :i* he 0 held1 t ! emp]or ,alex&] ,sev]us 7"o ( ! v few good ,roman pr9ces7 plac$ 8 /atue or bu/ 9 ! imp]ial ,l>ium or private ,*apel1 toge!r ) ^? ( ,orpheus & ( ,*ri/4 #ec ,cf4 ,virgil1 ,georgics ,,ii43 8,fundit humo facilem victum ju/issima ,tellus40 #ed ,s greatly 0 he e/eem$ by ! lat] & lead+ ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* t ,cyprian1 ! celebrat$ ,bi%op ( ,c>?age1 & 8! doctor & guide ( all ! ,we/]n ,*ur*es10 0 accu/om$ to say1 :5ev] he appli$ himself to ! /udy ( 8 writ+s1 8,da mihi magi/rum0 78,give me my ma/]074--,j]ome1 ,de ,viris ,illu/ribus ,i41 #bhd4 #ee ,on ,fa/+ or ,ab/95ce ,aga9/ ! ,c>nal-,m9d$4 ,! /yle ( ,t]tullian1 we may rem>k1 is1 = ! mo/ "p1 obscure & abrupt4 #ef ,x is wor? not+ t nei!r ! orig9al 77 ( ! 8,au?oris$ ,v]sion10 nor ! meats ( ! 8,a4 ,v40 itself1 says any?+ ab\t fle%-eat+ 9 ?is fav\rite resort ( its apologi/s4 ,bo? expressions m]ely signify foods ( any k9d2 s t ! passage 9 "q ( ?is ,pa/oral ,lett]--:i* is app>5tly po/-,paul9e--c be made to condemn absolute fa/+ only3 nor does ! context w>rant any o!r int]pretation4 ,z to ,/4 ,paul1 ! great oppon5t ( ! e>li] ,*ri/ian belief & practice1 x mu/ be conc$$ t he seems n to h %>$ ! abhorr5ce ( ! imm$iately accr$it$ disciples ( ,jesus = ! sangu9>y diet1 especially ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 ( ,/4 ,james1 & ( ,/4 ,pet]1 :o1 z we are expressly assur$ by ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & o!rs1 liv$ entirely on non-fle% meats4 ,! app>5t indiff]5tism ( ,/4 ,paul ^u ! "q ( ab/95ce is be/ & mo/ briefly expla9$ by 8 av[$ pr9ciple ( action--f ! mission>y po9t ( view useful1 d\btless1 b f ! po9t ( view ( ab/ract e?ics n always satisfactory--! be+ 8all ?+s to all m540 #eg ,comp>e ,s5eca1 ,epi/les1 cx41 & ,*ryso/om1 ,homilies4 #eh ,aquis sobrius1 et cibis ebrius4 ,?is important tru? we v5ture to comm5d to ! e>ne/ att5tion ( ^? philan?ropi/s1 or hygei/s1 :o are adh]5ts ( :at may be t]m$ ! semi-temp]ance ,clause--:o ab/a9 f alcoholic dr9ks b n f fle%4 #ei ,a m accurate v]sion ( ! orig9al ?an t ( ! ,a4 ,v4 7#a ,cor4 viii41 #h-ac74 ,we may "h quote ! conclusion ( ! argum5t ( ! ,greek-,jew ,apo/le--8,:]e=e1 if ! k9d ( meat is a cause ( (f5ce to my bro!r1 ,i w eat no fle% :ile ! _w /&s1 t ,i may n be a cause ( (f5ce to my bro!r0--& press x1 m p>ticul>ly1 ^u ! att5tion ( ,engli% resid5ts1 & especially ( ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 among/ ! s5sitive & ref9$ ,h9dus :o =m s ov]:elm+ a proportion ( ! population ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,accord+ to ! evid5ce ( ! mission>ies ( ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian *ur*es !mselves1 _! habits ( fle%-eat+ h n infrequ5tly be5 f\nd to prejudice all b ! l[e/ ca/e ( ,h9dus aga9/ ! reception ( o!r ideas ( ,*ri/ian & ,we/]n 8civilisation40 #fj ,usque ad *ol]am ortygometras crudit&o4 ,9 ! pres5t case x seems t ! w&]]s 9 ! ,arabian des]ts 7 n s mu* clamor\s = fle% z = "s k9d ( su/5ance1 or r = some?+ m ?an ! manna ) :i* !y 7 suppli$2 s9ce ! late ,egyptian slaves are report$ to h said1 8,we rememb] ! fi% t we did eat 9 ,egypt freely--! cucumb]s1 ! melons1 & ! leeks1 & ! onions1 & ! g>lic2 b n[ our s\l is dri$ away3 !re is no?+ at all besides ?is manna be=e our eyes40 ,we may "h take occasion to obs]ve t ! fact ( ! exi/5ce ( sacrifice ?r\gh\t _! hi/ory necess>ily involves ! practice ( fle%-eat+--inde$1 ! two practices are1 hi/orically1 cle>ly connect$4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 we may fairly d$uce f _! simple & frugal liv+ 9 ! ,egyptian slav]y1 la/+1 z x did1 ?r\gh sev]al c5turies1 dur+ :i* p]iod !y mu/ h be5 wean$ f ! gross liv+ ( _! previ\s b>b>\s pa/oral life1 is ?is--t b = ! sacrificial rites 7&1 p]haps1 ! necessities ( ! des]t7 ! ,jews w\ld h1 l o!r ,ea/]n peoples1 probably adopt$ ?is frugal liv+--( cucumb]s1 melons1 onions1 c4--9 _! new homes4 ,su*1 at lea/1 seems to be a legitimate inf]5ce f ! highly-significant fact t1 ?r\gh\t _! sacr$ scriptures1 n fle%-meats b corn1 & oil1 & honey1 & pomegranates1 & figs1 & o!r vegetable products 79 :i* _! l& orig9ally ab\nd$71 are _! highe/ diet>y ideal--e4g41 8,o t my p w\ld h he>k5$ to me2 = if ,israel _h walk$ 9 my ways4444 ,he %\ld h f$ !m ) ! f9e/ :eat fl\r3 & ) honey out ( ! /ony rock %\ld ,i h satisfi$ !e40 7,ps4 lxxxi41 #ag2 cf4 also ,ps4 civ41 #ad1 #ae47 ,x is equally significant ( ! lat5t & secret consci\sness ( ! unspiritual nature ( ! products ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se1 ev5 9 ! ,we/]n _w1 t 9 ! liturgies or 8public s]vices0 ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 :]ev] food is pray$ = or :5ev] ?anks are return$ = x1 !re is 7z x seems7 a natural %r9k+ f m5tion ( t :i* is obta9$ only by cruelty & blood%$1 & x is 8! k9dly fruits ( ! e>?0 :i* repres5t ! legitimate diet>y wants ( ! petition]s4 #fa 8,= !y t are aft] ! ,fle% d m9d ! ?+s ( ! ,fle%2 b !y t are aft] ! ,_s ! ?+s ( ! ,_s4 ,= to be c>nally m9d$ is dea?2 b to be spiritually m9d$ is life & peace4444 ,s !n !y t are 9 ! fle% _c please ,god4444 ,!re=e1 bre?r51 we are debtors n to ! fle%1 to live aft] ! fle%4 ,= if ye live aft] ! fle%1 ye %all die2 b if ye1 ?r\gh ! _s1 d mortify ! de$s ( ! body1 ye %all live40 7,rom4 viii41 #e1 c47 ,a m spiritual appreh5sion ( #8div9e v]ities1' if we may s say1 ?an ! app>5tly m equivocal utt]ance ( ! same great re=m] else:]e4 ,"h x is well to obs]ve1 once = all t ! :ole significance ( ! utt]ances ( ,/4 ,paul ^u fle%-eat+ dep5ds ^u ! bitt] controv]sies betwe5 ! old] ,jew & ! new] ,greek or ,roman sections ( ! ris+ ,*ur*4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a "q ( ! lawfulness ( eat+ ! fle% ( ! victims ( ! ,pagan & ,jewi% sacrificial alt>s--n ( ! "q ( fle%-eat+ 9 ! ab/ract at all4 ,9 f9e1 x is a "q n ( e?ics1 b ( !ological ritual4 ,x is greatly to be lam5t$ t ! confus$ & obscure translation ( ! ,a4 ,v4 has = s _m c5turies hopelessly my/ifi$ ! :ole subject--z f>1 at lea/1 z ! mass ( ! community is conc]n$4 #fb ,see ,de ,jejuniis ,adv]sus ,psy*icos4 7,qu9ti4 ,sept4 ,flor4 ,t]tulliani ,op]a4 ,edit$ by ,g]sdorf1 ,tau*nitz47 #fc ,9 ! ,clem5t9e ,homilies1 :i* _h a great au?ority & reputation 9 ! e>li] times ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,/4 ,pet] is repres5t$1 9 describ+ 8 way ( liv+ to ,clem5t ( ,rome1 z pr(ess+ ! /ricte/ ,veget>ianism4 8,i live10 he decl>es1 8^u bread & olives only1 ) ! addition1 r>ely1 ( kit*5 h]bs0 7 xii4 #f47 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,pdagogus ii4 #a7 assures u t 8,mat!w ! apo/le liv$ ^u se$s1 & h>d-%ell$ fruits1 & o!r vegetables1 )\t t\*+ fle%20 :ile ,hegesippus1 ! hi/orian ( ! ,*ur* 7z quot$ by ,eusebius1 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/4 ii4 #b1 #c7 ass]ts ( ,/4 ,james t 8he nev] ate any animal food0-- 3 an ass]tion repeat$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e 7,ad4 ,fau/1 xxii4 #c7 :o /ates t ,james1 ! bro!r ( ! ,"l1 8liv$ ^u se$s & vegetables1 nev] ta/+ fle% or w9e0 7,jacobus1 frat] ,dom9i1 sem9ibus et ol]ibus usus e/1 non c>ne nec v9o74 ,! connexion ( ! beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity ) ! sublime & simple t5ets ( ! ,ess5es1 ^: communi/ic & ab/95t pr9ciples 7 /rik+ly co9cid5t ) ^? ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ians1 is at once "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & "o ( ! mo/ obscure ph5om5a 9 its nasc5t hi/ory4 ,! ,ess5es1 8! sob] ?9k]s10 z _! assum$ "n implies1 seem to h be5 to ! m noisy & o/5tati\s ,jewi% sects1 :at ! ,py?agoreans 7 to ! o!r ,greek s*ools ( philosophy--practical morali/s r ?an m]e talk]s & !oris]s4 ,!y fir/ appe> 9 ,jewi% hi/ory 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c4 ,_! communities 7 settl$ 9 ! recesses ( ! ,jordan valley1 yet _! memb]s 7 sometimes f\nd 9 ! t[ns & villages4 ,l ! ,py?agoreans1 !y extort$ respect ev5 f ! worldly & self-seek+ religioni/s & politicians ( ! capital4 ,see ,josephus 7,antiquities xiii4 & xviii471 & ,philo1 :o speak 9 ! highe/ t]ms ( admiration ( ! simplicity ( _! life & ! purity ( _! morality4 ,dean ,/anley 7,lectures on ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 vol4 iii47 reg>ds ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ z ,ess5ian 9 8 sub/itution ( 8re=mation ( life0 = 8! sangu9>y1 co/ly gifts ( ! sacrificial slaught]-h\se40 #fd ,x is a curi\s & rem>kable inconsi/5cy1 we may "h obs]ve1 t ! mod]n ard5t admir]s ( ! ,fa!rs & ,sa9ts ( ! ,*ur*1 :ile pr(ess+ unb\nd$ respect = _! doctr9es1 = ! mo/ "p ignore ! "o ( _! practices at once ! mo/ anci5t1 ! mo/ highly reput$1 & ! mo/ univ]sal4 ,quod semp]1 quod ubique1 c41 ! fav\rite maxim ( ,/4 ,augu/9e & ! or?odox *ur*1 is1 9 ?is case1 8m hon\r$ 9 ! brea* ?an 9 ! obs]vance40 ,p>tial & p]iodical ,ab/95ce1 x is sc>cely necess>y to add1 h[ev] consecrat$ by lat] ecclesia/icism1 is suffici5tly remote f ! daily frugal liv+ ( a ,/4 ,james1 a ,/4 ,an?ony1 or a ,/4 ,*ryso/om4 #fe ,! full title ( ! treatise is--,! ,miscellane\s ,collection ( ,t4 ,f4 ,clem5s ( ,gno/ic 7or ,speculative7 ,memoirs ^u ! true ,philosophy4 #ff ,?is celebrat$ t]m di/+ui%$ ! sup]iority ( k 7gnosis7 ( 8! mo/ polite1 ! mo/ le>n$1 & ! mo/ weal?y ( ! ,*ri/ian "n40 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree or f\r c5turies ! ,gno/ics =m$ an extremely num]\s z well z influ5tial section ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y sub-divid$ !mselves into m ?an fifty p>ticul> sects1 ( :om ! foll[]s ( ,m>cion & ! ,mani*eans are ! mo/ celebrat$4 ,hold+ op9ions reg>d+ ! ,jewi% sacr$ scriptures & _! au?ority ! opposite to ^? ( ! ,ebionites or ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 !y agre$1 at lea/ a l>ge proportion ( !m1 ) ! latt] on ! "q ( kreophagy4 #fg ,hi/ory ( ! ,lit]ature ( ,anci5t ,greece1 by ,k4 ,o4 ,mll]1 cont9u$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,donaldson1 ,d4,d41 vol4 iii41 #eh4 #fh ,! argum5t "h sugge/$1 al?\gh r>ely1 if ev]1 adduc$1 may well be deem$ wor?y ( ! mo/ s]i\s consid]ation4 ,x is1 to our m9d1 "o ( ! mo/ =cible ( all ! _m reasons = ab/95ce4 ,t ! life ev5 ( a really useful memb] ( ! human community %\ld be support$ by ! slaught] ( hundr$s ( innoc5t & intellig5t be+s is surely en\gh to 8give u pause40 ,:at1 !n1 %all be said ( ! appall+ fact1 t e day ?\s&s ( wor?less1 & too (t5 worse ?an useless1 human lives g d[n to ! grave 7to be !nce=? altoge!r =gott57 aft] hav+ be5 ! cause ( ! slaught] & suff]+ ( c\ntless be+s1 surely f> sup]ior to !mselves 9 all real wor?8 ,to object ! privilege ( an 8immortal s\l0 is1 9 ?is case1 m]ely a mis]able subt]fuge4 ,sidney ,smi? calculat$ t =ty-f\r wagon-loads ( fle% _h be5 consum$ by himself dur+ a life ( sev5ty ye>s6 7,see 8 lett] to ,"l ,murray47 #fi ,x 0 ! fond belief ( ! m$iat+ ,*ri/ian writ]s t ! be/ p>ts ( ,greek philosophy 7 d]iv$1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 f ! ,jewi% ,sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,= ?is belief1 :i* has prevail$ s widely1 :i*1 p]haps1 /ill l+]s among/ u1 & :i* has engag$ ! useless speculation ( s _m m9ds1 an ,alex&rian ,jew ( ! age ( ! lat] ,ptolemies is responsible4 ,x is n[ well kn[n t he delib]ately =g$ passages 9 ! 7s-call$7 ,orphic poems & 8,sybill9e0 pr$ictions1 9 ord] to ga9 ! respect ( ! ,greek rul]s ( 8 c\ntry = ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,?is patriotic b unscrupul\s ,jew is kn[n by 8 ,greek "n ( ,ari/obulus4 ,he 0 preceptor or c\nsellor ( ,ptolemy ,,vi4 #gj #b ,sam4 vi41 #ai4 ,clem5t1 9 common ) all ! fir/ ,*ri/ian writ]s1 quotes f ! ,septuag9t v]sion1 :i* diff]s consid]ably f ! ,hebrew4 ,! ,engli% translators ( ! latt]1 presum+ t 8fle%0 mu/ h =m$ "p ( ! royal b\nty1 gratuit\sly ins]t t ^w 9 ! context4 #ga ,pdagogus ii4 #a1 8,on ,eat+40 #gb ,^! works1 :i* w\ld h be5 highly int]e/+1 h1 ) s _m o!r valuable productions ( ,greek g5ius1 long s9ce p]i%$4 #gc ,miscellanies vii4 8,on ,sacrifices40 #gd ,see ,plut>*'s d5unciation ( ! v same practice ( ! but*]s ( 8 day1 ,essay on ,fle% ,eat+4 ,un=tunately = ! cr$it ( ,jewi% humanity1 x mu/ be add$ t ! me?od ( but*]+ 7enjo9$1 x is alleg$1 by _! religi\s laws7 entails a great] am\nt ( suff]+ & torture to ! victim ?an ev5 ! ,*ri/ian4 ,?is fact has be5 abundantly prov$ by ! evid5ce ( _m compet5t witnesses4 ,! cruelty ( ! ,jewi% me?od ( slaught] 0 especially expos$ at "o ( ! rec5t ,int]national ,congresses ( repres5tatives ( ,european ,societies = ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty4 #ge ,miscellanies ii41 #ah4 ,we h us$ = ! mo/ "p ! translation ( ! writ+s ( ,clem5t1 publi%$ 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y1 by ,messrs4 ,cl>ke1 ,ed9burgh1 #ahfi4 ,! ,greek text is corrupt4 #gf #gg 8,! fir/ book discuss$ alleg$ contradictions & o!r m>ks ( human fallibility 9 ! ,scriptures2 ! ?ird treat$ ( ,scriptural int]pretation1 &1 /rangely en\gh1 repudiat$ ! allegories ( ,orig52 ! f\r? exam9$ ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! ,jews2 &1 ! twelf? & ?irte5? ma9ta9$ ! po9t n[ g5]ally admitt$ by s*ol>s--t ,daniel is n a prophecy1 b a retrospective hi/ory ( ! age ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes40--,donaldson 7,hi/4 ( ,gr4 ,lit47 #gh ,9 ju/ice to ! old ,greek ,!ology :i*1 z x really 01 has en\gh to answ] =1 x mu/ be rem>k$ t its ,demonology1 or belief 9 ! p[]s ( subord9ate div9ities--9 ! fir/ in/ance m]ely ! int]nunci>ies1 or m$iators1 or angels betwe5 ,heav5 & ,e>?--0 a v diff]5t ?+ f ! ,diabolism ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 a fact :i*1 p]haps1 c be adequately recognis$ by ^? only :o happ5 to be acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( t mo/ widely-spread & mo/ fe>ful ( all sup]/itions4 ,necess>ily1 f ! vague &1 = ! mo/ "p1 m]ely secul> "* ( ! e>li] !ologies1 ! inf]nal horrors1 ) ! frightful cre$1 tortures1 burn+s1 c41 :i* *>act]is$ ! fai? ( ,*ri/5dom1 7 :olly unkn[n to ! religion ( ,apollo & ( ,jupit]4 #gi ,neo or ,new-,platonism may be briefly def9$ z a spiritual developm5t ( ! ,socratic or ,platonic tea*+4 ,9 ! h&s ( "s ( its less judici\s & rational advocates x t5d$ to deg5]ate into pu]ile1 ?\gh h>mless1 sup]/ition4 ,) ! sup]ior intellects ( a ,plot9us1 ,porphyry1 ,long9us1 ,hypatia1 or ,proclus1 on ! o!r h&1 x 01 9 ! ma9 at lea/1 a sublime attempt at ! purification & spiritualisation ( ! e/abli%$ or?odox cre$4 ,x occupi$ a position midway betwe5 ! old & ! new religion1 :i* 0 s soon to celebrate its triumph ov] its effete rival4 ,t ,*ri/ianity1 on its spiritual side 7:atev] ! +ratitude ( its lat] au?orities71 owes f> m ?an is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to bo? ! old & new] ,platonism1 is suffici5tly app>5t to ! att5tive /ud5t ( !ological hi/ory4 #hj ,au?or ( a ,treatise on ! ,ab&onm5t ( ! ,fle% ,diet1 #agji4 ,he di$ 9 ! ye> #agcg4 #ha ,voltaire might h add$ ! examples ( ! ,greek ,co5obites4 ,!re is at lea/ "o celebrat$ & long-e/abli%$ religi\s community1 9 ! ,s9aitic p59sula1 :i* has always rigidly exclud$ all fle% f _! diet4 ,l ! community ( ,la ,trappe1 ^! religi\s ,veget>ians are notori\sly ! mo/ free f disease & mo/ long-liv$ ( _! c\ntrym54 #hb ,article ,vi&e 7,dict4 ,phil47 ,9 o!r passages 9 8 writ+s ! philosoph] ( ,f]ney1 we may "h rem>k1 expresses 8 sympa?y ) ! humane diet4 ,see especially 8 ,essai sur les ,murs et l',esprit des ,nations 7introduction71 & 8 ,romance ( ,la ,pr9cesse de ,babylone4 #hc /rictly means adoption1 admission to intimacy & family life1 or 8dome/ication40 #hd ,! f\nd] ( ! new ,academy at ,a!ns1 & ! vigor\s oppon5t ( ! ,/oics4 #he ,t unreason+ arrogance ( human selfi%ness1 :i* pret5ds t all o!r liv+ be+s h come into exi/5ce = ! sole pleasure & b5efit ( man1 has (t5 be5 expos$ by ! wis]1 & !re=e m humble1 ?9k]s ( our race4 ,pope has well rebuk$ ?is sort ( mon/r\s arrogance3-- 8,has ,god1 ?\ fool1 work$ solely = ?y good1 ,?y joy1 ?y pa/ime1 ?y attire1 ?y food8 99 99 99 99 99 ,"k1 ,nature's *ildr5 all divide h] c>e1 ,! fur t w>ms a mon>*1 w>m$ a be>4 ,:ile man exclaims3 #8,see1 all ?+s = my use6' #8,see1 man = m9e1' replies a pamp]$ goose4 ,& j z %ort ( reason he mu/ fall1 ,:o ?9ks all made = "o1 n "o = all40 ,essay on ,man1 ,,iii4 ,&1 z a comm5t>y ^u ^! truly philosophic v]ses1 we may quote ! words ( a rec5t able writ]1 answ]+ ! objection1 8,:y 7 %eep & ox5 creat$1 if n = ! use ( man8 replies to ! same effect z ,porphyry #afjj ye>s ago30 ,x is only pride & imbecility 9 man to imag9e all ?+s made = 8 sole use4 ,!re exi/ millions ( suns & _! revolv+ orbs :i* ! eye ( man has nev] p]ceiv$4 ,myriads ( animals enjoy _! pa/ime unhe$$ & unse5 by him--_m are injuri\s & de/ructive to him4 ,all exi/ = purposes b p>tially kn[n4 ,yet we mu/ believe1 9 g5]al1 t all 7 creat$ = _! own enjoym5t1 = mutual advantage1 & = ! pres]vation ( univ]sal h>mony 9 ,nature4 ,if1 m]ely because we c eat %eep pleasantly1 we are to believe t !y exi/ only to supply u ) food1 we may z well say t man 0 creat$ solely = v>i\s p>asitical animals to fe$ on1 8because !y d fe$ on him40--7,fruits & ,f>9acea3 ! ,prop] ,food ( ,man4 ,by ,j4 ,smi?4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,newman4 ,heywood1 ,man*e/]2 ,pitman1 ,london47 ,see1 also1 among/ o!r philosophic writ]s1 ! rem>ks ( ,joseph ,ritson 9 8 8,essay on ,ab/95ce f ,animal ,food a ,moral ,duty0--7,phillips1 ,london1 #ahjb74 ,z to ,ox5 & ,%eep1 x mu/ be fur!r rem>k$ t !y h be5 made :at !y are by ! int]v5tion ( man alone4 ,! orig9al & wild /ocks 7especially t ( %eep7 are v diff]5t f ! metamorphos$ & almo/ helpless dome/icat$ v>ieties4 ,naturam violant1 pacem appellant4 #hf ,! ,artific] or ,creator1 p> excell5ce4 ,9 ! ,platonic language1 ! usual di/+ui%+ "n ( ! subord9ate creator ( our imp]fect _w4 #hg ,cf4 ,ovid's ,metam41 xv42 ,plut>*'s ,essay on ,fle%-,eat+2 ,?omson's ,seasons4 #hh 4 4 4 ,9 ! numb] ( ! tradition>y re=m]s & civilis]s ( ! e>li] nations1 ! "n ( ,orpheus has always held a =emo/ place4 ,9 e>ly ,*ri/ian times ,orpheus & ! lit]ature ) :i* 8 "n is connect$ occupy a v prom95t & important position1 & "s celebrat$ =g$ prophecies pass$ curr5t z ! utt]ances ( t half-leg5d>y h]o4 ,horace adopts ! popul> belief z to 8 radical dietetic re=m 9 ! foll[+ v]ses3-- ,silve/res hom9es sac]1 int]presque ,deorum1 ,cdibus et fd victu det]ruit ,orpheus4 --,ars ,poetica4 ,virgil assigns him a place 9 ! fir/ rank ( ! ,j 9 ! ,elysian p>adise4--n4 vi4 #hi ,9 8 witty satire1 ! ,misopogon or ,be>d-,hat]--8a sort ( in(f5sive retaliation1 :i* x w\ld be 9 ! p[] ( few pr9ces to employ0--direct$ aga9/ ! luxuri\s p ( ,antio*1 :o _h ridicul$ 8 frugal meals & simple mode ( liv+1 8he himself m5tions 8 vegetable diet1 & upbraids ! gross & s5sual appetite0 ( t or?odox b corrupt ,*ri/ian city4 ,:5 !y compla9$ ( ! high prices ( fle%-meats1 8,julian publicly decl>$ t a frugal city ought to be satisfi$ ) a regul> supply ( w9e1 oil1 & bread40--,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 xxiv4 #ij ,gibbon1 ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 xxii4 ,! philosophical fable ( ,julian--,! ,cs>s--has be5 pron\nc$ by ! same hi/orian to be 8"o ( ! mo/ agreeable & in/ructive productions ( anci5t wit40 ,its purpose is to e/imate ! m]its or dem]its ( ! v>i\s ,emp]ors f ,augu/us to ,con/ant9e4 ,z = ! ,enemy ( ! ,be>d1 x may be rank$1 = s>ca/ic wit1 almo/ ) ! ,jupit] 9 ,trag$y ( ,lucian4 #ia ,article1 8,*ryso/om10 9 ! ,p5ny ,cyclopdia4 #ib ,baur's ,life & ,"w ( ,/4 ,paul4 ,"p ii41 *ap4 #c4 #ic ,we "h take occasion to obs]ve t1 :ile f9al appeals to our sacr$ ,scriptures to det]m9e any sociological "q--:e!r ( slav]y1 polygamy1 w>1 or ( dietetics--_c be too /rongly deprecat$1 a c&id & imp>tial inquir]1 nev]!less1 w gladly recognise traces ( a consci\sness ( ! unspiritual nature ( ! sacrificial alt> & %ambles4 ,he w gladly recognise t if--z might be expect$ 9 s v>i\s a collection ( sacr$ writ+s produc$ by diff]5t m9ds 9 diff]5t ages--frequ5t sanction ( ! mat]iali/ mode ( liv+ may be urg$ on ! "o side2 on ! o!r h&1 ! inspiration ( ! m exalt$ m9ds is 9 accord ) ! practice ( ! true spiritual life4 ,cf4 ,g54 i41 #bi1 #cj2 ,isaiah i41 #aa-ag1 & xi41 #i ,ps4 l41 #i-ad2 ,ps4 lxxxi41 #ad-ag2 ,ps4 civ41 #ad1 #ae2 ,prov4 xxiii41 #b1 #c1 #bj1 #ba2 ,prov4 xxvii41 #be-bg3 ,prov4 xxx41 #h1 #bb2 ,prov4 xxxi41 #d2 ,eccl4 vi41 #g2 ,matt4 vi4 #ca2 #a ,cor4 viii41 #ac1 & ix41 #be2 ,rom4 viii41 #e-h1 #ab1 #ac2 ,phil4 iii41 #ai1 & iv41 #h2 ,james ii41 #ac1 #d1 & iv41 #a-c2 #a ,pet4 ii41 #aa4 ,p]haps1 next to ! alleg$ au?ority ( ,g54 ix4 7notic$ & refut$ by ,t]tullian1 z already quot$71 ! trance-vision ( ,/4 ,pet] is mo/ (t5 urg$ by ! bibliolat]s 7or ^? :o rev]e ! lett] r ?an ! true inspiration ( ! ,sacr$ ,books7 z a triumphant pro( ( biblical sanction ( mat]ialism4 ,yet1 unless1 inde$1 lit]alism is to ov]-ride ! mo/ ord9>y rules ( common s5se1 z well z ( criticism1 all t c be extract$ f ! 8,vision0 79 :i* 7 pres5t$ to ! sleep] 8all mann] ( f\r-foot$ bea/s ( ! e>?1 & wild bea/s & creep+ ?+s10 :i* x w h>dly be cont5t$ he 0 expect$ to eat7 is ! fact ( a m5tal illum9ation1 by :i* ! ,jewi% ,apo/le recognises ! folly ( 8 c\ntrym5 9 arrogat+ to !mselves ! exclusive privileges ( ! 8,*os5 ,p40 ,besides1 z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! e>lie/ traditions concur 9 repres5t+ ,/4 ,pet] z always a /rict ab/95t1 insomu* t he is /at$ to h celebrat$ ! 8,eu*>i/0 ) no?+ b bread & salt4--,clem5t ,hom41 xiv41 #a4 #id ,homily1 lxix4 on ,mat4 xxii41 #a-ad4 #ie ,! male sex1 accord+ to our ideas1 might h be5 m prop]ly apo/rophis$2 & ,/4 ,*ryso/om may seem1 9 ?is passage & else:]e1 to be some:at p>tial 9 8 invective4 ,c&\r1 inde$1 =ces u to rem>k t ! 8,gold5-m\!d10 9 common ) _m o!rs ( ! ,fa!rs1 & ) ! ,greek & ,ea/]n _w 9 g5]al1 depreciat$ ! qualities1 bo? moral & m5tal1 ( ! fem99e sex4 ,t ! weak] are :at ! /rong] *oose to make !m1 is an obvi\s tru? g5]ally ignor$ 9 all ages & c\ntries--by mod]n satiri/s & o!r writ]s1 z well z by a ,simonides or ,solomon4 ,! p>tial sev]ity ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 x is prop] to add1 may be ju/ifi$1 9 "s measure1 by ! contempor>y hi/ory ( ! ,c\rt ( ,byzantium1 :]e ! beautiful & lic5ti\s empress ,eudoxia rul$ supreme4 #if ,/4 ,*ryso/om seems to h d]iv$ ?is =cible appeal f ,s5eca4 ,comp>e ! rem>ks ( ! latt]1 ,ep4 cx43 8,at1 meh]cule1 i/a solicite scrutata v>ieque condita1 cum subi]9t v5trem1 una atque cadem fditas occupabit4 ,vis ciborum voluptatem contemn]e8 ,exitum specta40 #ig ,! ,homilies ( ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,translat$ by ,memb]s ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,p>k]1 ,ox=d4 ,see ,hom4 vii4 on ,phil4 ii4 = a =cible repres5tation ( ! inf]iority1 9 _m po9ts1 ( our own to o!r species4 #ih ,= example1 we may ref] to ! fact ( trials ( 8crim9al0 dogs1 & o!r non-human be+s1 ) all ! =malities ( ord9>y c\rts ( ju/ice1 & 9 ! grave/ mann] record$ by cr$ible witnesses4 ,! convict$ 8felons0 7 actually hang$ ) all ! circum/ances ( human executions4 ,in/ances ( su* trials are record$ ev5 s late z ! sixte5? c5tury4 #ii ,8 biograph]1 ,m>9us1 writes 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ admiration ( 8 virtues z well z ( 8 g5ius1 & ( ! p]fection to :i* he _h atta9$ by 8 unmat]iali/ic diet & mann] ( liv+4 ,he seems to h _h a rem>kably cosmopolitan m9d1 s9ce he reg>d$ ) equal respect ! be/ p>ts ( all ! !n exi/+ religi\s sy/ems2 & he is said ev5 to h paid solemn hon\rs to all ! mo/ illu/ri\s1 or r mo/ m]itori\s1 ( 8 philosophic pr$ecessors4 ,t 8 intellect1 sublime & exalt$ z x 01 _h contract$ ! ta9t ( sup]/ition mu/ excite our regret1 ?\gh sc>cely our wond]1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! light ( mod]n sci5ce2 nor c !re be any difficulty 9 p]ceiv+ h[ ! miracles & cele/ial app>itions--:i* =m a sort ( halo ar\nd ! great tea*]s--orig9at$1 viz41 9 ! natural en?usiasm ( 8 zeal\s b uncritical disciples4 ,"o ( 8 pr9cipal works is ,on ! ,!ology ( ,plato1 9 six books4 ,ano!r ( 8 productions 0 a ,comm5t>y on ! ,works & ,days ( ,hesiod4 ,bo? are extant4 ,he di$ at an advanc$ age 9 #dhe1 hav+ ha/5$ 8 end by excessive asceticism4 #ajj ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 xl4 ,?is te/imony ( ! great hi/orian to ! m]its ( ! la/ ( ! ,new-,platoni/s is all ! m weighty z com+ f an au?ority notori\sly ! mo/ unimpassion$ & un5?usia/ic1 p]haps1 ( all writ]s4 ,comp>e 8 rem>kable expression ( p]sonal feel+--gu>d$ly /at$ z x is--^u ! "q ( kreophagy 9 8 *apt] on ! hi/ory & mann]s ( ! ,t>t> nations 7*ap4 xxvi74 #aja ,trattato della ,vita ,sobria1 #aedh4 #ajb ,svior armis ,luxuria4 ,we may be tempt$ to ask ourselves :e!r we are read+ d5unciations ( ! gluttony & pr(usion ( ! sixte5? c5tury or contempor>y reports ( public d9n]s 9 our own c\ntry1 e4g41 ( ! ,"l ,mayor's annual d9n]4 ,! va/ am\nt ( slaught] ( all k9ds ( victims to supply ! v>i\s di%es ( "o ( ^! exhibitions ( national gluttony c be adequately describ$ only by ! use ( ! ,hom]ic ^w hecatomb--slaught] ( hundr$s4 #ajc ,amorevole ,esortazione a ,seguire ,la ,vita ,ord9ata e ,sobria4 #ajd ,corn>o's het]odoxy 9 dietetics 0 n all[$1 z may well be suppos$1 to pass un*all5g$ by 8 contempor>ies4 ,"o ( 8 c\ntrym51 a p]son ( "s note1 ,sp]one ,sp]oni1 publi%$ a reply "u ! title ( 8,contra la ,sobriet20 b soon aft]w>ds recant+ 8 errors 7rimett5dosi spontaneam5te nel buon s5ti]o7 he wrote a ,disc\rse 9 fav\r ( ,temp]ance4 ,ab\t ! same "t !re appe>$ 9 ,p>is an 8,anti-,corn>o10 writt5 8aga9/ all ! rules ( good ta/e10 & :i* ! editors ( ! ,biographie ,univ]selle *>act]ise z full ( rem>ks 8t\t fait oiseuses40 #aje ,m po9ts out v =cibly t to hang = !ft is tantam\nt to (f]+ a premium = murd]4 ,two hundr$ & fifty ye>s lat] ,becc>ia & o!r humanit>ians va9ly advanc$ simil> objections to ! crim9al code ( *ri/ian ,europe4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to rem>k t ?is ,draconian blood?ir/9ess ( ,engli% crim9al law rema9$ to belie ! "n ( 8civilisation0 s rec5tly z fifty ye>s ago4 #ajf ,erasmus 7:o1 to la% satirically & m effectively ! v>i\s follies & crimes ( m5 places ! g5ius ( ,folly itself 9 ! pulpit7 seems to h %>$ ! feel+ ( 8 fri5d 9 reg>d to ! "* ( 8sport40 8,:5 !y 7! #8sportsm5'7 h run d[n _! victims1 :at /range pleasure !y h 9 cutt+ !m up6 ,c[s & %eep may be slaught]$ by common but*]s1 b ^? animals t are kill$ 9 hunt+ mu/ be mangl$ by none "u a g5tleman1 :o w fall d[n on 8 knees1 & draw+ out a sla%+ dagg] 7= a common knife is n good en\gh7 aft] sev]al c]emonies %all dissect all ! jo9ts z arti/ically z ! be/ skill$ anatomi/1 :ile all :o /& r\nd %all look v int5tly & seem to be mightily surpris$ ) ! novelty1 ?\gh !y h se5 ! same ?+ a hundr$ times be=e2 & he t c b dip 8 f+] & ta/e ( ! blood %all ?9k 8 own bett]$ by x4 ,& yet ! con/ant fe$+ on su* diet does b assimilate !m to ! nature 787 ( ^? animals !y eat10 c4--,encomium ,mori1 or ,praise ( ,folly4 ,if we recall to m9d t ?ree c5turies & a half h pass$ away s9ce ,m & ,erasmus rais$ _! voices aga9/ ! sangu9>y pursuits ( hunt+1 & t x is /ill necess>y to reit]ate ! d5unciation1 we %all ju/ly deplore ! sl[ progress ( ! human m9d 9 all t con/itutes true morality & ref9em5t ( feel+4 #ajg ,utopia ,,ii4 #ajh ,= a full & eloqu5t exposition ( ! social evils :i* ?reat5 ! c\ntry f ! natural b mis*iev\s gre$ ( l&[n]s & f>m]s1 our read]s are ref]r$1 9 p>ticul>1 to ,pr(essor ,newman's admirable ,lectures ^u ?is aspect ( ! ,veget>ian cre$1 deliv]$ be=e ! ,society at v>i\s times4 7,heywood3 ,man*e/]47 #aji ,utopia4 ,translat$ into ,engli% by ,ralph ,rob9son1 ,fell[ ( ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college4 ,london3 #aeef2 repr9t$ by ,edw>d ,arb]1 #ahfi4 ,we h us$ ?is ,engli% edition z m ne>ly repres5t+ ! /yle ( ,sir ,?omas ,m ?an a mod]n v]sion4 ,x is a curi\s fact t no edition ( ! ,utopia 0 publi%$ 9 ,engl& dur+ ! au?or's lifetime--or1 inde$1 be=e t ( ,rob9son1 9 #aeea4 ,x 0 fir/ pr9t$ at ,l\va92 &1 aft] revision by ! au?or1 x 0 repr9t$ at ,basle1 "u ! auspices ( ,erasmus1 /ill 9 ! orig9al ,lat94 #aaj 8,) pla9tive cries1 all cov]$ ) blood1 & 9 ! attitude ( a suppliant40 ,see ! /ory ( ! dea? ( ,silvia's de] 7neis1 viii47--! mo/ t\*+ episode 9 ! :ole epic ( ,virgil4 ,! affection ( ! ,tuscan girl = h] fav\rite1 h] anxi\s c>e ( h]1 & ! deep indignation excit$ among/ h] p by ! murd] ( ! de] by ! son ( neas & 8 intrud+ foll[]s--! cause ( ! w> t ensu$--are depict$ ) r>e grace & feel+4 #aaa 8,x 0 9 ! slaught]1 9 ! primval times1 ( wild bea/s 7,i suppose7 ! knife fir/ 0 /a9$ ) ! w>m life-blood40--,see ,ovid ,metam4 xv4 #aab ,*ri/ian !ology1 to :i* d\btless ,montaigne "h ref]s1 ! =ce ( tru? compels u to note1 has always utt]$ a v 8unc]ta9 s\nd0 9 reg>d to ! rights & ev5 to ! frightful suff]+s ( ! non-human species4 ,except+1 inde$1 two or ?ree isolat$ passages 9 ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian sacr$ ,scriptures :i*1 accord+ to ! !ologians1 be> a some:at equivocal mean+1 x is n easy to discov] :at p>ticul> !ological or ecclesia/ical maxims ,montaigne c\ld adduce4 #aac ,we use ! t]m 9 def]5ce to univ]sal cu/om1 al?\gh ,francis ,bacon prote/$ #bej ye>s ago t 8,antiquity1 z we call x1 is ! "y /ate ( ! _w2 = ^? times are anci5t :5 ! _w is anci5t1 & n ^? we vulg>ly acc\nt anci5t by comput+ backw>ds--s t ! pres5t "t is ! real ,antiquity40--,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 ,i4 ,see also ,novum ,organum4 #aad ,comp>e ,%aksp]e's eloqu5t indignation3-- 8,man1 pr\d ,man1 ,dress$ 9 a little brief au?ority1 ,mo/ ignorant ( :at he's mo/ assur$-- ,8 glassy ess5ce--l an angry ape1 ,plays su* fanta/ic tricks be=e high heav510 c4 ,measure = ,measure4 #aae ,) ^! j & common-s5se argum5ts ( ,montaigne comp>e ! v rem>kable treatise 7rem>kable bo? by ! pr(ession & by ! age ( ! au?or7 ( ,hi]onymus or ,j]ome ,ror>ius1 publi%$ "u ! title--8,t ! s-call$ irrational animals (t5 make use ( reason bett] ?an m540 7,quod ,animalia ,bruta ,spe ,utantur ,ratione ,melius ,hom9e47 ,x 0 giv5 to ! _w by ! celebrat$ physician1 ,gabriel ,naud1 9 #afdh1 "o hundr$ ye>s aft] x 0 writt51 &1 z po9t$ out by ,lange1 x is !re=e e>li] ?an ! ,essais ( ,montaigne4 8,x is di/+ui%$10 accord+ to ,lange1 8by its sev]e & s]i\s tone1 & by ! assidu\s emphasis+ ( j su* traits ( ! l[] animals z are mo/ g5]ally d5i$ to !m1 z be+ products ( ! high] faculties ( ! s\l4 ,) _! virtues ! vices ( m5 are set 9 %>p contra/4 ,we c !re=e und]/& t ! ,,ms41 al?\gh writt5 by a prie/1 :o 0 a fri5d bo? ( ,pope & ,emp]or1 _h to wait s long = publication40 7,hi/4 ( ,mat]ialism4 ,vol4 i41 #bbe4 ,eng4 ,trans47 ,x is notewor?y t ! title1 z well z ! argum5ts1 ( ! book ( ,ror>ius reveals its orig9al inspiration--! ,essay ( ,plut>*4 ,equally het]odox ^u ?is subject is ! ,de ,la ,sagesse ( ,montaigne's fri5d1 ,pi]re ,*>ron4 #aaf ,essais de ,mi*el de ,montaigne1 ,,ii41 #ab4 #aag ,see ,article 9 ,engli% ,cyclopdia4 #aah ,see ,elm5s de la ,philosophie de ,newton4 ,! :ole passage brea!s ! true _s ( humanity & philosophy1 & des]ves to be quot$ 9 full 9 ?is place3 8,il y a surt\t dans l'homme une disposition la compassion aussi gnralem5t rp&ue que nos autres in/9cts4 ,newton avait cultiv ce s5tim5t d'humanit1 et il l'et5dait jusqu'aux animaux4 ,il tait =tem5t conva9cu avec ,locke1 que ,dieu a donn aux animaux une msure d'ides1 et les mmes s5tim5ts qu' n\s4 ,il ne p\vait p5s] que ,dieu1 qui ne fait ri5 en va91 et donn aux animaux des organes de s5tim5t1 af9 qu'elles n'euss5t po9t de s5tim5t4 ,il tr\vait une contradiction bi5 affreuse croire que les animaux s5t5t1 et les faire s\ffrir4 ,sa morale s'accordait en ce po9t avec sa philosophie4 ,il ne cdait qu'avec rpugnance l'usage b>b>e de n\s n\rrir du sang et de la *air des tres semblables n\s1 que n\s c>essons t\s les j\rs4 ,il ne p]mit jamais dans sa maison qu'on les fit m\rir p> des morts l5tes et re*]*es1 p\r en r5dre la n\rriture plus dlicieuse4 ,cette compassion qu'il avait p\r les animaux se t\rnait en vraie *>it p\r les hommes4 ,en effet1 sans l'humanit--v]tu qui compr5d t\tes les v]tus--on ne mrit]ait gure le nom de philosophe40--,elm5s v4 ,an expression ( feel+ 9 suffici5tly /rik+ contra/ to ! ord9>y ideas4 ,comp>e ,essay on ! ,human ,und]/&+1 ii41 #b4 #aai ,hi/ory ( ,mat]ialism4--,we may "h obs]ve t ,desc>tes seems to h adopt$ 8 extraord9>y !ory z to ! non-human races z a sort ( d]ni] resort4 ,9 a lett] to "o ( 8 fri5ds 7,l\is ,rac9e7 he decl>es himself driv5 to 8 !ory by ! rig\r ( ! dilemma1 t 7see+ ! innoc5ce ( ! victims ( man's selfi%ness7 x is necess>y ei!r t !y %\ld he ins5sible to suff]+1 or t ,god1 :o has made !m1 %\ld be unju/4 ,^u :i* ,glezs makes ! foll[+ reflection3 8,?is reason+ is conclusive4 ,"o mu/ ei!r be a ,c>tesian1 or all[ t man is v vile4 ,no?+ is m rigor\s ?an ?is consequ5ce40--7,?alysie ,ou ,la ,n\velle ,exi/5ce74 ,la ,fonta9e has well illu/rat$ ! absurdity ( ! animat$ ma*9e !ory 9 ,fables x4 #a4 #abj ,see 8,elm5s de la ,philosophie de ,newton40 #aba ,suspecta mihi semp] fu]it 7he writes7 ipsa hom9is 4 #abb ,see ,gass5di's ,lett]1 ,viro ,cl>issimo et ,philosopho ac ,m$ico ,exp]tissimo ,joanni ,bapti/ ,helmontio ,amico ,suo ,s+ul>i4 ,dat$1 ,am/]dam1 #afbi4 #abc ,physics4 ,book ,,ii4 ,de ,virtutibus4 #abd ,see ,philosophi ,epicuri ,syntagma4 ,de ,sobrietate contra ,gulam4 78,view ( ! ,philosophy ( ,epikurus3 ,on ,sobriety z oppos$ to ,gluttony407 ,"p ,,iii4 ,flor5ti1 #agbg4 ,folio4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 #abe ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 iv41 #b4 ,bacon's sugge/ion seems to imply t human be+s 7 /ill vivisect$1 = ! 8good0 ( sci5ce1 9 8 "t4 ,celsus1 ! well-kn[n ,lat9 physician ( ! second c5tury1 _h prote/$ aga9/ ?is cold-blood$ b>b>ity ( delib]ately cutt+ up a liv+ human body4 ,! wret*$ victims ( ! vivisect+ knife 71 x seems1 slaves1 crim9als1 & captives1 :o 7 h&$ ov] by ! au?orities to ! physiological 8laboratory40 ,h>vey1 ,bacon's contempor>y1 is notori\s 7&1 x ought to be add$1 infam\s7 = ! numb] & ! unrel5t+ sev]ity ( 8 exp]im5ts ^u ! non-human slaves1 :i*1 ?\gh con/antly alleg$ by mod]n vivisectors to h be5 ! means by :i* he discov]$ ! 8circulation ( ! blood10 h be5 cle>ly prov$ to h s]v$ m]ely z demon/rations 9 physiology to 8 pupils4 ,b we no long] wond] at ,h>vey's indiff]5ce to ! horrible suff]+ ( :i* he 0 ! cause1 :5 we read ! simil> atrocities ( vivisection & 8pa?ology0 ( our own "t4 ,f ! cold-blood$ cruelties ( ,h>vey1 :o 0 accu/om$ to amuse ,*>les ,i4 & 8 family ) 8 demon/rations1 x is a pleasant relief to turn to ! bett] feel+ ( ,%aksp]e on t subject4 ,see 8 ,cymbel9e 7i41 #f71 :]e ! ,que51 :o is exp]im5t+ 9 poisons1 tells h] physician1 8,i w try ! =ce ( ^! ?y comp\nds on su* creatures z ,we c\nt n wor? ! hang+--b none human40 & is rem9d$ t %e w\ld 8f ?is practice b make h>d h] he>t40 ,su* a rebuke is 9 keep+ ) ! true feel+ :i* inspir$ ! poet to picture ! undes]v$ pangs ( ! hunt$ ,de] 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 ii41 #a4 #abf ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+4 viii41 #b4 #abg ,see ,acet>ia 7page #agj74 ,by ,john ,evelyn4 #abh ,! tract ( ,samuel ,h>tlib1 entitl$1 ,a ,design = ,pl5ty1 by a ,univ]sal ,plant+ ( ,fruit ,trees1 :i* appe>$ dur+ ! ,commonweal? ,gov]nm5t1 no d\bt sugge/$ to ,evelyn 8 k9dr$ publication4 ,h>tlib 7( a di/+ui%$ ,g]man family7 settl$ 9 ?is c\ntry some:]e ab\t ! ye> #afcj4 ,by 8 writ+s1 9 advocacy ( bett] agriculture & horticulture1 he has des]v$ a grateful commemoration f aft]-times4 ,cromwell gave him a p5sion ( #cjj1 :i* 0 tak5 away by ,*>les ,,ii41 & he di$ 9 pov]ty & neglect4 ,x 0 to him ,milton d$icat$ 8 ,tractate on ,education4 #abi ,locke 7"o ( ! v highe/ names 9 ,philosophy7 _h already exhort$ ,engli% mo!rs to make _! *ildr5 ab/a9 8:olly f fle%10 at lea/ until ! completion ( ! f\r? or fif? ye>4 ,he /rongly recomm5ds a v sp>+ am\nt ( fle% = aft] ye>s2 & ?9ks t _m maladies may be traceable to ! fooli% indulg5ce ( mo!rs 9 respect to diet4--,see ,?\ghts on ,education1 #afij4 #acj ,he quotes1 among/ o!rs1 ,t]tullian ,de ,jejuniis 7,on ,fa/+71 cap4 iv42 ,j]ome 7,adv4 ,jov972 ,clem5s ( ,alex&ria 7,/rom4 vii472 ,eusebius1 ,prep>atio ,evangelica 7,prep>ation = ! ,gospel71 :o cites sev]al ab/95ts f among/ ! philosoph]s ( ! old !ologies4 #aca ,acet>ia 78,a ,disc\rse ( ,salads074 ,d$icat$ to ,"l ,som]s1 ( ,eve%am1 ,"l ,high ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 & ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society1 ,london1 #afii4 #acb ,translat$ by ,c[p] f ! ,lat9 poems ( ,milton4 ,9 a note to ! orig9al poem ,?omas ,w>ton ju/ly rem>ks t 8,milton's panegyrics on temp]ance bo? 9 eat+ & 9 dr9k+1 result+ f 8 own practice1 are frequ5t40 #acc ,p>adise ,lo/1 v4 & xi4 ,cf4 ,que5 ,mab4 #acd ,le sang huma9 abruti ne p\vait plus s'lev] aux *oses intellectuelles4 ,see ,disc\rs sur ,l',hi/oire ,univ]selle1 a hi/orical sket* :i*1 ?\gh necess>ily infect$ by ! !ological prejudices ( ! bi%op1 is1 = ! re/1 consid]+ ! p]iod 9 :i* x 0 writt51 a m]itori\s production z "o ( ! e>lie/ attempts at a sort ( 8philosophy ( hi/ory40 #ace ,p5ny ,cyclopdia1 ,article ,m&eville4 #acf ,^u :i* ,ritson aptly rem>ks3 8,! %eep is n s mu* #8design$' = ! man z ! man is = ! tig]1 ?is animal be+ naturally c>nivor\s1 :i* man is n4 ,b nature1 & ju/ice1 & humanity are n always "o & ! same ?+40 ,to ?is rem>k we may add ) equal =ce1 t almo/ all ! liv+ be+s ^u :om our species preys h be5 s artificially *ang$ f _! natural condition = ! gratification ( its selfi% appetite z to be ) difficulty id5tifi$ ) ! orig9al /ocks4 ,s mu* = ?is !ory ( creative design4 #acg ,fable ( ! ,bees1 i4 #ahg1 c4 #ach ,fable xxxvi41 ,py?agoras & ! ,c\ntryman4 ,?is fable ( ,gay may h be5 sugge/$ by t ( sop--pres]v$ by ,plut>*--:o repres5ts a wolf wat*+ a numb] ( %eph]ds eat+ a %eep1 & say+ to himself--8,if ,i 7 do+ :at y are n[ ab\t1 :at an upro> y w\ld make60 ,see also ! in/ructive fable ( ,la ,fonta9e--,l',homme et la ,c\leuvre1 "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! :ole twelve ,books 7,livre x41 #b71 9 :i* ! ,c[ & ,ox accuse ! base +ratitude ( ,man = ! cruel neglect1 &1 f9ally1 = ! b>b>\s slaught] ( 8 fell[-lab\r]s4 ,! ,c[1 appeal$ to by ! ,add]1 replies3-- 8,p\rquoi dissimul]8 ,je n\rris celui-ci depuis longues annes3 ,il n'a sans mes bi5faits pass nulles j\rnes4 ,t\t n'e/ que p\r lui seul3 mon lait et mes enfants ,le font la maison rev5ir les ma9s ple9es4 ,mme j'ai rtabli sa sant1 que les ans ,avai5t altre2 et mes pe9es ,ont p\r b son plaisir a9si que son beso94 ,enf9 me voil vieille4 ,il me laisse ,sans h]be4 ,s'il v\lait encore me laiss] patre6 ,mais je suis atta*e44444 ,=ce c\ps1 peu de gr4 ,puis1 qu& il tait vieux1 ,on croyait l'honor] *aque fois que les hommes ,a*etai5t de son sang l'indulg5ce des dieux40 #aci ,! ,wild ,bo> & ! ,ram4 ,= admirable rebukes ( human arrogance1 see ,! ,elephant & ! ,booksell] & ,! ,man & ! ,flea4 #adj ,he 0 at "o "t s corpul5t t he c\ld n get 9 & out ( 8 c>riage 9 visit+ 8 pati5ts at ,ba?4 #ada ,"o ( ! _m excell5ces ( ! non-fle% diet>y is ?is ess5tial quality ( fruits & vegetables1 t !y conta9 9 !mselves suffici5t liquid to all[ "o to disp5se ) a l>ge proportion ( all extrane\s dr9ks1 & c]ta9ly ) all alcoholic k9ds4 ,h5ce x is at once ! easie/ & ! sure/ prev5tive ( all excessive dr9k+4 ,mu* conv9c+ te/imony has be5 collect$ to ?is effect by ! ,engli% & ,g]man ,veget>ian ,societies4 #adb ,x is nei!r necess>y nor possible = ev]yone to practise s extreme ab/emi\sness2 b x is in/ructive to comp>e x = a mom5t ) ! ord9>y & preval5t indulg5ce 9 eat+4 #adc ,a ,life ( ,george ,*eyne1 ,m4,d41 ,p>k] & ,*ur*ill1 #ahdf4 ,see also ,biog4 ,britannica4 #add ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson gave up w9e by ! advice ( ,*eyne1 & drank tea ) ,mrs4 ,?rale & ,boswell till he di$1 t4 #ge4 #ade ,bayle1 ! au?or ( ! great ,dictionnaire ,hi/orique et ,critique 7#afij71 to :om belongs ! la/+ hon\r ( hav+ inaugurat$ ! critical me?od 9 hi/ory & philosophy1 :i* has s9ce l$ to su* ext5sive & important results1 seems also to h be5 ! fir/ explicitly to /ate ! difficulties ( t greate/ crux ( ,!ology--! problem ( ! exi/5ce1 or r dom9ance1 ( ,evil4 ,8 rival ,le ,cl]c1 9 8 ,biblio?que1 took up ! or?odox cudgels4 ,"l ,%aftesbury1 ! celebrat$ !ologian & morali/1 wrote 8 dialogue--,! ,morali/s 7#agji7--;9 direct answ] to ,bayle1 foll[$ ! next ye> by ! ,!odike or ,v9dication ( ! ,deity ( ,leibnitz4 ,two ( ! mo/ able & di/+ui%$ ( ! ,anti-,optimi/s are ,voltaire & ,s*op5hau]1 ! =m] ( :om nev] we>ies ( us+ 8 unrivall$ p[]s ( irony & s>casm on ! ,t\t e/ ,bi5 !ory4 ,z = ! latt] philosoph]1 he has c>ri$ 8 ,anti-,optimism to ! extremes ( ,pessimism4 #adf ,pope "h is sc>cely logical ^u 8 own premiss4 ,x seems impossible1 ^u any gr\nds ( reason or analogy1 to d5y to ! l[] animals a po/hum\s exi/5ce :ile v9dicat+ x = ourselves1 inasmu* z ! ess5tial conditions ( exi/5ce are id5tical = _m o!r be+s4 ,to ! s]i\s ?9k] ! "q ( a po/-t]re/rial /ate ( exi/5ce mu/ /& or fall = bo? ^u ! same gr\nds4 ,yet :at c well be m weak1 or m ( a subt]fuge1 ?an ! pret5ce ( _m well-mean+ p]sons1 :o seek to excuse _! indiff]5tism to ! cruel suff]+s ( _! humble fell[-be+s by ! expression ( a belief or a hope t !re is a future retributive /ate = !m8 ,x mu/ be add$ t ?is idle speculation--:e!r ! non-human races are capable ( po/-t]re/rial life or no--might1 to any s]i\s appreh5sion1 seem to be :olly beside ! m>k4 ,b :at c be m mon/r\sly ridicul\s 71 9 ,lucian's language7 ?an ! inconsi/5cy ( ^? :o w\ld ma9ta9 ! affirmative1 & yet p]si/ 9 dev\r+ _! cli5ts8 ,risum t5eatis1 amici6 #adg ,sp5ce's ,anecdotes & ,! ,gu>dian1 ,may #ba1 #agac4 ,8 indignation 0 equally ar\s$ by ! tortures ( ! vivisectors ( ! day4 ,& he dem&s h[ d m5 "k t !y h 8a "r to kill be+s :om !y at lea/1 ! va/ majority are s little above1 = _! own curiosity1 or ev5 = "s use to !m40 #adh ,see ,travels1 c4 ,"p ,,iv4 #adi ,dict4 ,phil41 9 article ,vi&e1 :]e x is lam5t$ t 8 book1 z f> z appe>$1 _h made no m conv]ts ?an _h ! ,treatise ( ,porphyry fifte5 c5turies be=e4 #aej ,see ! amus+ sc5e ( ! g\rm& ,canon ,s$illo & ,dr4 ,sangrado1 :o _h be5 call$ 9 to ! g\ty & fev]-/rick5 pati5t3 8#8,pray1 :at is y\r ord9>y diet8' asks ! physician4 #8,my usual food1' repli$ ! ,canon1 #8is bro? & juicy meat4' #8,bro? & juicy meat6' cri$ ! doctor1 al>m$4 #8,i d n wond] to f9d y sick2 su* da9ty di%es are poison$ pleasures & sn>es t luxury spreads = mank9d1 s z to ru9 !m ! m effectually4444 ,:at an irregul>ity is "h6 :at a frightful regim56 ,y ought to h be5 dead long ago4 ,h[ old are y1 pray8' #8,i am 9 my sixty-n9? ye>1' repli$ ! ,canon4 #8,exactly1' said ! physician2 #8an e>ly old age is always ! fruits ( intemp]ance4 ,if y _h drunk no?+ else ?an pure wat] all y\r life1 & _h be5 satisfi$ ) simple n\ri%m5t--su* z boil$ apples1 = example--y w\ld n n[ be torm5t$ ) ! g\t1 & all y\r limbs w\ld p]=m _! functions ) ease4 ,i d n despair1 h[ev]1 ( sett+ y to rights1 provid$ t y be :olly resign$ to my directions4'0 7,adv5tures ( ,gil ,blas1 ii41 #b47 ,we may comm5t ^u ! satire ( ! noveli/ 7= s x 0 int5d$71 t irony or s>casm is a legitimate & p[]ful weapon :5 direct$ aga9/ falsehood2 t !re 01 & is1 only too mu* 9 ! practice & pr9ciples ( ! pr(ession op5 to ridicule2 b t ! attempt$ ridicule ( ! bett] liv+ does n r$\nd to ! p5etration or good s5se ( ! satiri/4 #aea ,comp>e ! simil> ?\ghts ( ! ,lat9 poet1 ,metam4 xv4 #aeb ,autumn4 ,read ! v]ses :i* imm$iately foll[1 describ+1 ) pr(\nd pa?os1 ! suff]+s & angui% ( ! hunt$ ,de] & ,h>e4 #aec ,summ]4 #aed ,obs]vations on ,man1 ,,ii41 #c4 #aee ,quam vehem5tes hab]5t tirunculi impetus primos ad optima quque si quis exhort>etur1 si quis impell]et6 ,! g5]al failure ,s5eca traces p>tly to ! fault ( ! s*oolma/]s1 :o pref] to in/il into ! m9ds ( _! pupils a k ( words r ?an ( ?+s--( dialectics r ?an ( dietetics 7nos doc5t disput>e non viv]e71 & p>tly to ! fault ( p>5ts :o expect a head 9 place ( a he>t tra9+4 7,see ,lett]s to ,lucilius1 cviii47 ,quis doctores docebit8 #aef ,an in/ance ( ! common confusion ( ?\ght & logic4 ,! too obvi\s fact t a l>ge proportion ( animals are c>nivor\s nei!r proves nor ju/ifies ! c>nivor\sness ( ! human species4 ,! real "q is1 is ! human race orig9ally frugivor\s or c>nivor\s8 ,is x alli$ to ! ,tig] or to ! ,ape8 #aeg 8,:o is ?is female p]sonification #8,nature'8 ,:at are #8h] pr9ciples1' & :]e does %e reside80 asks ,ritson quot+ ?is passage4 #aeh ,! ,_w4 ,no4 #aij1 z quot$ by ,ritson4 #aei ,p]sian poets ( ! t5? & ?irte5? c5turies ( our era4 #afj ,asiatic ,rese>*es4 iv4 #ab #afa ,elm5s de la ,philosophie de ,newton1 v4 ,hall]1 ! f\nd] ( mod]n physiology1 assures u t 8,newton1 :ile he 0 engag$ ^u 8 ,optics1 liv$ almo/ entirely on bread1 & w9e1 & wat]0 7,newtonus1 dum ,optica scribebat1 solo pn v9o pane et aqu vixit74--,elem5ts ( ,physiology1 vi41 #aih4 #afb ,a fact :i* br+s out into /rong relief ! entirely sup]flu\s luxuries ( liv+ ( ! ,engli% resid5ts4 #afc ,essai sur les ,murs et l',esprit des ,nations1 introduction section xvi41 & *ap4 iii4 & iv4 #afd ,see ,g54 ix4 & ,ecclesia/es iii41 #ah1 #ai4--,note by ,voltaire4 #afe ,see ,lettres d',amab$ ,%a/asid4 ,see also article ,vi&e 9 ! ,dictionnaire ,philosophique4 #aff ,la ,pr9cesse de ,babylone4 ,cf4 ,dialogue du ,*apon et de la ,p\l>de4 #afg ,see article ,btes 9 ! ,dict4 ,phil4 #afh ,elem5ts ( ,physiology4 #afi ,cf4 ,virgil's 8,magna p>5s frugum40 #agj ,see ! ,n\velle ,biographie ,univ]selle4 ,didot1 ,p>is4 #aga ,grcorum ,*irurgici ,libri4 ,fir5ze1 #aged4 #agb ,diss]tazione sopra l'uso e/]no appresso gli ,anti*i dell'acqua fr$da sul corpo umano4 ,fir5ze1 #agdg4 #agc ,del ,vitto ,pi?agorico ,p] ,uso ,della ,m$ic9a3 ,discorso ,d',antonio ,coc*i4 ,fir5ze1 #agdc4 ,a translation appe>$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agfb "u ! title ( ,le ,rgime de ,py?agore4 #agd ,del ,vitto ,pi?agorico4 ,among/ ! h]alds & =]unn]s ( ,coc*i des]ve to be m5tion$ ) hon\r ,ramazz9i 7#afcc-agad71 :o e>n$ among/ 8 c\ntrym5 ! title ( ,hippokrates ! ,?ird2 ,lessio 79 8 ,hygia/ricon1 or ,treatise on ,heal?71 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! #ag? c5tury2 & ,lemcry1 ! ,fr5* ,physician & ,memb] ( ! ,acadmie1 au?or ( ,a ,treatise on all ,sorts ( ,food1 :i* 0 translat$ into ,engli% by ,d4 ,hay1 ,m4,d41 9 #agde4 #age ,r\sseau adds 9 a note3 8,i "k t ! ,engli% boa/ l\dly ( _! humanity & ( ! good disposition ( _! nation1 :i* !y t]m #8good nature1' b x is 9 va9 = !m to proclaim ?is f> & wide4 ,nobody repeats x aft] !m40 ,gibbon1 9 ! well-kn[n passage 9 8 xxvi? *apt]1 9 :i* he speculates ^u ! influ5ce ( fle%-eat+ 9 reg>d to ! savage habits ( ! ,t>t> tribes1 quot+ ?is rem>k ( ,r\sseau1 9 8 ironical way1 says3 8,:atev] we may ?9k ( ! g5]al obs]vation1 we %all n easily all[ ! tru? ( 8 example40--,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 xxvi4 #agf ,he corrects ?is mi/ake 9 a note3 8,"o ( my ,engli% translators has po9t$ out ?is error1 & bo? ( my translators h rectifi$ x4 ,but*]s & surgeons are receiv$ z witnesses1 b ! =m] are n admitt$ z jurym5 or pe]s 9 crim9al trials1 :ile surgeons are s40 ,ev5 ?is am5d$ /atem5t ne$s revision4 #agg ,h[ ! ,fr5* apo/le ( humanit>ianism & ref9em5t ( mann]s1 if he 7 liv+1 w\ld reg>d ! rec5tly report$ practice ( ,fr5* & o!r physicians ( s5d+ _! pati5ts to ! slaught]-h\ses to dr9k ! blood ( ! newly-slaught]$ ox5 may be m easily imag9$ ?an express$4 #agh ,r c>nes consum]e nati--8born simply to dev\r40--,see ,hor41 ,ep4 ,i41 #b4 #agi ,emile3 ou de l',education1 ,,ii4 #ahj ,julie ,,iv41 ,lettre #aj4 ,see also h] prote/s aga9/ %oot+ & fi%+4 #aha ,confessions4 ,"o ( 8 fri5ds1 ,dussault1 surpris$ him1 x seems1 on "o occasion eat+ a 8cutlet40 ,r\sseau1 consci\s ( ! betrayal ( 8 pr9ciples1 8blu%$ up to ! :ites ( 8 eyes40 7,see ,glez's ,?alysic47 ,9 tru?1 z we h already obs]v$1 8 pr9ciples on ! subject ( dietetics1 z on "s o!r matt]s1 7 bett] ?an 8 practice4 ,8 s5sibility 0 always great] ?an 8 /r5g? ( m9d4 #ahb ,amnitates ,academic1 x41 #h4 #ahc ,?is little ^w 8seems0 "h1 z 9 v _m o!r controv]sies1 has a va/ importance & ne$s a d\ble emphasis4 #ahd ,buffon "h entirely ignores ! true cause ( ! 8inanition0 ( ! poor classes ( ! community4 ,x is n ! want ( fle%-meats1 b ! want ( all solid & nutriti\s meat ( any k9d1 :i* is to be f\nd amply 9 ! abundant /ores suppli$ by ,nature at fir/ h& 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! vegetable _w4 ,7 ! poor able to procure1 & 7 !y in/ruct$ h[ be/ to use1 ! mo/ n\ri%+ ( ! v>i\s f>9acea1 fruits1 & kit*5 h]bs1 suppli$ by ! home & =eign m>kets1 we %\ld he> no?+ or little ( ! sc&al\s sc5es ( />vation :i* are at pres5t ( daily occurr5ce 9 our mid/4 ,! example ( ! ,iri% liv+ ^u a few potatoes & butt]milk1 or ( ! ,scot* peasantry1 in/anc$ by ,adam ,smi?1 proves h[ all-suffici5t w\ld be a diet judici\sly select$ f ! ri*es ( ! vegetable _w4 ,=1 =tiori1 if ! ,iri%1 liv+ ?us meagrely1 n only support life1 b exhibit a physique :i*1 9 ! la/ c5tury1 call$ =? ! admiration ( ! au?or ( ,! ,weal? ( ,nations1 might n our ,engli% poor ?rive ^u a ri*] & m sub/antial vegetable diet :i* c\ld easily be suppli$ b = ! a/\nd+ indiff]5ce ( ! rul+ classes8 #ahe ,hi/4 ,naturelle1 ,le ,buf4 #ahf ,edition ( ,swift's ,works4 ,canon ,sydney ,smi?1 equally celebrat$ z a bon-vivant & z a wit1 at ! t]m9ation ( 8 life writes ?us to 8 fri5d ,"l ,murray3 8,y are1 ,i he>1 att5d+ m to diet ?an h]et(ore4 ,if y wi% = any?+ l happ9ess 9 ! fif? act ( life eat & dr9k ab\t "o-half :at y c\ld eat & dr9k4 ,did ,i ev] tell y my calculation ab\t eat+ & dr9k+8 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! weight ( :at ,i c\ld live ^u1 s z to pres]ve heal? & /r5g?1 & :at ,i did live ^u1 ,i f\nd t1 betwe5 t5 & sev5ty ye>s ( age1 ,i _h eat5 & drunk =ty-f\r horse wagon-loads ( meat & dr9k m ?an w\ld h pres]v$ me 9 life & heal?6 ,! value ( ?is mass ( n\ri%m5t ,i consid]$ to be wor? sev5 ?\s& p\nds /]l+4 ,x occurr$ to me t ,i mu/1 by my voracity1 h />v$ to dea? fully a hundr$ p]sons4 ,?is is a frightful calculation1 b irresi/ibly true40 ,comm5t>y ^u ?is c&id /atem5t is sup]flu\s4 ,ab uno disce omnes4 ,if among/ ! ri*] classes ! ord9>y liv] may consume a some:at small] quantity ( life dur+ 8 long] or %ort] exi/5ce1 at all ev5ts ! sum total mu/ be a suffici5tly />tl+ "o = all :o may h ! c\rage & c&\r to reflect ^u ?is truly appall+ subject4 ,ano!r ?\ght irresi/ibly sugge/s itself4 ,:at proportion ( human lives ?us support$ is ( any real value 9 ! _w8 #ahg ,9 reply to ?is sort ( apology x is obvi\s to ask--8,h ! frugivor\s races1 :o =m no inconsid]able proportion ( ! mammals1 no claim to be consid]$80 #ahh ,to ?is v popul> fallacy x is necess>y only to object t ,nature may v well be suppos$ able to ma9ta9 ! prop] balance = ! mo/ "p4 ,= ! re/1 man's prop] duty is to h>monise & regulate ! v>i\s conditions ( life1 z f> z 9 him lies1 n inde$ by satisfy+ 8 selfi% prop5sities1 b by assum+ ! "p ( a b5evol5t & b5efic5t sup]ior4 ,to ?is we may add ) "s =ce1 t man appe>$ on ! sc5e )9 a comp>atively v rec5t geological p]iod1 s t ! ,e>? f>$1 x seems1 v well )\t him = c\ntless ages4 #ahi ,&1 9 po9t ( fact1 two-?irds at lea/ ( ! :ole human population ( our globe4 #aij ,?is popul> excuse is p]haps ! feeble/ & mo/ dis+5u\s ( all ! def5ces usually made = fle%-eat+4 ,c ! m]e gift ( life comp5sate = all ! horrible & frightful suff]+s inflict$1 9 v>i\s ways1 ^u _! victims by ! multi=m selfi%ness & b>b>ity ( man8 ,to :at unkn[n1 z well z kn[n1 tortures are n e day ! victims ( ! slaught]-h\se subject$8 ,f _! bir? to _! dea?1 ! va/ majority--x is too pat5t a fact--pass an exi/5ce 9 :i* fre$om f suff]+ ( "o k9d or o!r--:e!r f insuffici5t food or conf9$ dwell+s on ! "o h&1 or f ! positive suff]+s endur$ 9 transitu to ! slaught]-h\se by %ip or rail1 or by ! brutal savag]y ( cattle-driv]s1 c4--is ! exception r ?an ! rule4 #aia ,moral & ,political ,philosophy1 i41 #b4 ,x is deeply to be deplor$ t ,dr4 ,paley is 9 a v small m9ority among/ *ri/ian !ologians1 ( c&\r1 hone/y1 & feel+ suffici5t to induce !m to dispute at all s or?odox a !sis z ! "r to slaught] = food4 ,t he is compell$1 by ! =ce ( tru? & hone/y1 to ab&on ! popul> pretexts & subt]fuges1 & to seek refuge 9 ! suppos$ au?ority ( ! book ( ,g5esis1 is significant en\gh4 ,( c\rse1 to all reasonable m9ds1 su* a c\rse is tantam\nt to giv+ up ! def5ce ( kreophagy altoge!r2 &1 if x 7 n = !ological necessity1 x w\ld be suffici5tly surpris+ t ,paley's intellig5ce or c&\r did n discov] t if fle%-eat+ is to be def5d$ on biblical gr\nds1 s1 by p>ity ( reason+1 are also to be def5d$--slav]y1 polygamy1 w>s ( ! mo/ cruel k9d1 c4 #aib ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,moral & ,political ,philosophy1 xii41 #aa4 ,see1 among/ o!rs1 ! philosophical reflections ( ,mr4 ,greg 9 8 ,enigmas ( ,life1 ,app5dix4 ,b ! subject has be5 mo/ fully & satisfactorily dealt ) by ,pr(essor ,newman 9 8 v>i\s ,addresses4 #aic ,comp>e ! simil> obs]vation ( ,fl\r5s1 ,secret>y ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 9 8 ,treatise on ! ,longevity ( ,man 7,p>is1 #ahab74 ,he quotes ,corn>o1 ,lessio1 ,hall]1 & o!r au?orities on ! re=m$ regim54 #aid ,he well exposes ! fatal mis*ief ( emulation 79 place ( love ( tru? & ( love ( k1 = its own sake7 9 s*ools :i* t5ds to int5sify1 if n produce1 ! selfism dom9ant 9 all ranks ( ! community4 ,n ! lea/ m]itori\s ( 8 exhortations to ,gov]nm5ts is 8 desire t !y w\ld employ !mselves 9 su* useful works z ! g5]al plant+ ( trees1 produc+ n\ri%+ foods1 9 place ( deva/at+ ! e>? by w>s1 c4 #aie ,! reason1 z giv5 by himself1 = 8 ab&onm5t 9 aft] ye>s ( 8 self-impos$ re=m1 is wor?y nei!r ( 8 philosophic acum5 nor ( 8 ord9>y judgm5t4 ,x seems t on "o occasion1 :ile 8 companions 7 engag$ 9 sea-fi%+1 he obs]v$ t ! captur$ fi%1 :5 op5$1 reveal$ 9 its int]ior ! rema9s ( ano!r fi% rec5tly dev\r$4 ,! "y pr9t] seem$ to see 9 ?is fact ! ord9ance ( ,nature1 by :i* liv+ be+s live by slaught]1 & ! ju/ification ( human c>nivor\sness4 7,see ,autobiography47 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 to use ! fam\s ,sirian's phrase1 8to reason badly20 = ! suffici5t answ] to ?is alleg$ ju/ification ( man's fle%-eat+ prop5sity is simply t ! fi% 9 "q 01 by natural organisation1 =m$ to prey ^u its fell[s ( ! sea1 :]eas man is n =m$ by ,nature = fe$+ ^u 8 fell[s ( ! l&2 &1 fur!r1 t ! l>g] proportion ( t]re/rials d n live by slaught]4 #aif ,weal? ( ,nations iii41 #cda4 ,see1 too1 ,sir ,hans ,sloane 7,natural ,hi/ory ( ,jamaica1 i41 #ba1 #bb71 :o enum]ates almo/ e species ( vegetable food t has be51 or may be1 us$ = food1 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! globe2 ! philosophic ,fr5* travell]1 ,volney 7,voyages71 :o1 9 comp>+ fle% ) non-fle% fe$]s1 is irresi/ibly =c$ to admit t ! 8habit ( %$d+ blood1 or ev5 ( see+ x %$1 corrupts all s5tim5t ( humanity20 ! ,sw$i% travell] ,sp>rman1 ! disciple ( ,l9n1 :o corrects ! a/oni%+ physiological errors ( ,buffon z to ! human dige/ive app>atus2 ,anquetil 7,r*]*es sur les ,indes71 ! ,fr5* translator ( ! ,z5d-,ave/a :o1 f 8 soj\rn ) ! veget>ian ,h9dus & ,p]sians1 d]iv$ ^? m ref9$ ideas :i* caus$ him to disc>d ! co>s] ,we/]n liv+2 & ,sir ,f4 ,m4 ,ed5 7,/ate ( ! ,poor74 #aig ,hi/ory ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 xxvi4 ,not)/&+ ,gibbon's expression ( horror1 we %all v5ture to rem>k t ! 8unfeel+ murd]]s0 ( ! ,t>t> /eppes1 9 slaught]+ ea* = himself1 are m j ?an ! civilis$ peoples ( ,europe1 ) :om a p>iah-class is set ap>t to d ! cruel & degrad+ "w ( ! community4 #aih ,! ,task4 ,:5 ,c[p] wrote ?is 79 #aghb7 ! ,law 0 entirely sil5t ^u ! rights ( ! l[] animals to protection4 ,x 0 n until ne>ly half a c5tury lat] t ! ,briti% ,legislature pass$ ! fir/ ,act 7& x 0 a v p>tial "o7 :i* at all consid]$ ! rights ( any non-human race4 ,yet ,hog>?'s ,f\r ,/ages ( ,cruelty--to say no?+ ( lit]ature--_h be5 sev]al ye>s be=e ! _w4 ,x 0 pass$ by ! p]si/5t en]gy & c\rage ( "o man--an ,iri% memb]--:o brav$ ! greate/ am\nt ( scorn & ridicule1 bo? )9 & )\t ! ,legislature1 be=e he succe$$ 9 "o ( ! mo/ m]itori\s ent]prises ev] und]tak54 ,m>t9's ,act has be5 (t5 am5d$ or supplem5t$1 & always ) no little opposition & difficulty4 #aii ,! t]m 8,m]cy10 x is important to obs]ve1 is "o ( ^? words ( ambigu\s mean+1 :i* are liable1 9 popul> p>lance1 to be misus$4 ,x seems to h a d\ble orig9--f mis]icordia1 8,pity0 7its bett] p>5tage71 & m]ces1 8,ga910 &1 by d$uction1 8,p>don0 grant$ = "s consid]ation4 ,x is 9 ?is latt] s5se t ! t]m seems g5]ally to be us$ 9 respect ( ! non-human races4 ,b x is obvi\s to object t 8p>don10 applicable to crim9als1 c h no mean+ z appli$ to ! innoc5t4 ,pity or ,compassion1 /ill m ,ju/ice--^! are ! t]ms prop]ly employ$4 #bjj ,! obs]vation ( a non-,*ri/ian morali/ 7,juv5al1 xv47 ,x is ! motto *os5 by ,oswald = 8 title page4 #bja ,9 ! ,h9du sacr$ scriptures1 & especially 9 ! tea*+ ( ! great f\nd] ( ! mo/ ext5sive religion on ! globe1 ?is reg>d = non-human life1 h[ev] orig9at+1 is m obvi\s ?an 9 any o!r sacr$ books4 ,b x is mo/ *>m+ly display$ 9 t mo/ int]e/+ ( all ,ea/]n poetry & drama--,sakuntala2 or ,! ,fatal ,r+1 ( ! ,h9du ,kalidsa1 ! mo/ frequ5tly translat$ ( all ! productions ( ,h9du lit]ature4 ,we may ref] our read]s also to ,! ,light ( ,asia1 an int]e/+ v]sification ( ! pr9cipal tea*+ ( ,sakya-,muni or ,gautama4 #bjb ,! ,cry ( ,nature3 an ,appeal to ,m]cy & to ,ju/ice on behalf ( ! ,p]secut$ ,animals4 ,by ,john ,oswald4 ,london1 #agia4 #bjc ,long ,life1 or ! ,art ( ,prolong+ ,human ,exi/5ce4 #bjd ,see ! ,n\velle ,biographie ,univ]selle = complete enum]ation ( 8 writ+s4 #bje ,makrobiotik4 #bjf ,aft]w>ds ,sir ,ri*>d ,phillips1 ^: admirable exposition ( 8 reasons = ab&on+ fle%-eat+1 publi%$ 9 ! ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,july #ahaa1 is quot$ 9 its due place4 #bjg ,ab/95ce f ,animal ,food a ,moral ,duty1 ,,ix4 ,ritson1 9 a note1 quotes ! expression ( surprise ( a ,fr5* writ]1 t :]eas ab/95ce 8f blood & f ?+s /rangl$0 is especially & solemnly enjo9$ by ! imm$iate successors ( ,*ri/1 9 a well-kn[n prohibition1 yet ?is sacr$ obligation is daily 8made ( none effect0 by ^? call+ !mselves ,*ri/ians4 #bjh 8,i h kn[n10 says ,dr4 ,arbu?not1 8m ?an "o in/ance ( irascible passions hav+ be5 mu* subdu$ by a vegetable diet40--,note by ,ritson4 #bji ,writt5 9 #ahjb4 ,s9ce t "t ! 8pa/ime0 ( worry+ bulls & be>s1 has 9 ?is c\ntry become illegal & ext9ct4 ,cock-fight+1 ?\gh illegal1 seems to be /ill popul> ) ! 8sport+0 classes ( ! community4 #baj ,g5]al ,adv]tis]1 ,m>* #d?1 #aghd4 ,s9ce ,ritson quot$ ?is f ! newspap] ( 8 day1 #hj ye>s ago1 ! same sc5es ( equal & possibly ( /ill great] b>b>ity h be5 record$ 9 our newspap]s1 season aft] season1 ( ! royal & o!r hunts1 ) disgu/+ monotony ( detail4 ,voltaire's rem>ks ^u ?is head are wor?y ( quotation3 8,x has be5 ass]t$ t ,*>les ,,ix4 0 ! au?or ( a book ^u hunt+4 ,x is v likely t if ?is pr9ce _h cultivat$ less ! art ( tortur+ & kill+ o!r animals1 & _h n acquir$ 9 ! =e/s ! habit ( see+ blood run1 !re w\ld h be5 m difficulty 9 gett+ f him ! ord] ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,! *ase is "o ( ! mo/ sure means = blunt+ 9 m5 ! s5tim5t ( pity = _! own species2 an effect s mu* ! m fatal1 z ^? :o are addict$ to x1 plac$ 9 a m elevat$ rank1 h m ne$ ( ?is bridle40--uvres ,,lxxii41 #bac4 ,9 ,flaub]t's rem>kable /ory ( ,la ,lg5de de ,/4 ,juli5 ! h]o 8developes by degrees a prop5sity to blood%$4 ,he kills ! mice 9 ! *apel1 ! pigeons 9 ! g>d51 & soon 8 advanc+ ye>s gave him opportunity ( indulg+ ?is ta/e 9 hunt+4 ,he sp5ds :ole days 9 ! *ase1 c>+ less = ! #8sport' ?an = ! slaught]40 ,"o day he %oots a ,fawn1 & :ile ! despair+ "m1 8look+ up to heav51 cri$ ) a l\d voice1 agonis+ & human10 ,/4 ,juli5 remorselessly kills h] also4 ,!n ! male p>5t1 a noble-look+ ,/ag1 is %ot la/ ( all2 b1 advanc+1 nev]!less1 he comes up to ! t]rifi$ murd]]1 & 8/opp$ sudd5ly1 & ) flam+ eyes & solemn tone1 z ( a j judge1 he spoke ?ree times1 :ile a bell toll$ 9 ! di/ance1 #8,accurs$ "o6 ru?less ( he>t6 ?\ %alt slay ?y fa!r & "m also1' & tott]+ & clos+ 8 eyes he expir$40 ,! blood-/a9$ man on "o occasion is foll[$ closely by all ! victims ( 8 wanton cruelty1 :o press ar\nd him ) av5g+ looks & cries4 ,he fulfils ! prophecy ( ! ,/ag1 & murd]s 8 p>5ts4--,see ,=tnightly ,review1 ,april1 #ahgh4 #baa ,x is sc>cely necess>y to rem9d our read]s t a qu>t] ( a c5tury lat] 7#ahbg71 :5 ,m>t9 _h ! c\rage to introduce ! fir/ bill = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to c]ta9 ( ! dome/icat$ animals 7a v p>tial measure aft] all71 ! humane attempt 0 greet$ by an almo/ univ]sal %\t ( ridicule & d]ision1 bo? 9 & out ( ! ,legislature4 #bab ,see ,app5dix4 #bac ,quot$ f an article 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 7,augu/1 #aghg71 sign$ ,eton5ss1 :o1 among/ o!r p>ticul>s1 /ates ( ! h]o ( 8 sket* t he 0 8"o ( ! mo/ orig9al g5iuses :o h ev] exi/$4444 ,he 0 well skill$ 9 natural philosophy1 & might be said to h be5 a moral philosoph]1 n 9 !ory only1 b 9 /rict & uni=m practice4 ,he 0 rem>kably humane & *>itable2 &1 ?\gh poor1 0 a bold & av[$ enemy to e species ( oppression4444 ,c]ta9 x is1 t he acc\nt$ ! murd] 7z he call$ x7 ( ! meane/ animal1 except 9 self def5ce1 a v crim9al brea* ( ! laws ( nature2 insi/+ t ! creator ( all ?+s _h con/itut$ man n ! tyrant1 b ! lawful & limit$ sov]eign1 ( ! inf]ior animals1 :o1 he cont5d$1 answ]$ ! ends ( _! be+ bett] ?an _! little despotic "l4444 ,he did n ?9k x #8,en\gh ,9 ?is late age1 adv5t'r\s to h t\*$ ,light on ! precepts ( ! ,samian ,sage1' = he act$ 9 /rict con=mity ) !m4444 ,8 vegetable & milk diet af=d$ him1 9 p>ticul>1 v suffici5t n\ri%m5t2 = :5 ,i la/ saw him1 he 0 /ill a tall1 robu/1 & r corpul5t man1 ?\gh upw>ds ( f\rscore40 ,he 0 report$ x seems1 to be a believ] 9 ! ,metempsy*osis4 8,x 0 probably s said10 rem>ks ,ritson1 8by ignorant p :o _c di/+ui% ju/ice or humanity f an absurd & impossible sy/em4 ,! compil] ( ! pres5t book1 l ,py?agoras & ,john ,williamson1 ab/a9s f fle%-food1 b he does n believe 9 ! ,metempsy*osis1 & mu* d\bts :e!r x 0 ! real belief ( ei!r ( ^? philosoph]s40--,ab/95ce f ,animal ,food a ,moral ,duty1 by ,joseph ,ritson4 ,r4 ,phillips1 ,london1 #ahjb4 #bad ,9 a sket* ( ! life ( ,george ,ni*olson1 contribut$ to a ,man*e/] j\rnal1 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,a4 ,axon4 #bae ,p]haps ! fallacy ( ?is l9e ( apology1 on ! "p ( ! ord9>y dieti/s1 _c be bett] illu/rat$ ?an by ! example ( ! man-eat+ tribes ( ,new ,zeal&1 ,c5tral ,africa1 & o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 :o confess$ly are 7or 77 hom9ivor\s1 & :o h be5 by travell]s quot$ z "s ( ! f9e/ races ( m5 on ! globe4 ,! 8:olesome nutrim5t0 ( _! human food 0 z =cible an argum5t = _! /oma* z ! 8agreeable flav\r0 0 attractive = _! palates4 ,su* gl>+ fallacy might be illu/rat$ fur!r by ! example ( ! man-eat+ tig] :o1 we may ju/ly imag9e1 w\ld use simil> apologies = 8 practice4 #baf ,on ! ,conduct1 c41 & ,! ,primeval ,diet ( ,man1 c41 by ,george ,ni*olson1 ,man*e/] & ,london1 #agig1 #ahja4 ,! au?or assumes z 8 motto = ! title-page ! words ( ,r\sseau--,hommes1 soyez huma9s6 ,c'e/ votre premi] devoir4 ,quelle sagesse y a-t-il p\r v\s hors de l'humanit8 8,humans1 be humane6 ,x is y\r fir/ duty4 ,:at wisdom is !re = y )\t humanity80 #bag ,surgical ,obs]vations on ,tum\rs4 ,john ,ab]ne?y1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,c4,s4 #bah ,excessive pov]ty ( blood1 x is obvi\s to rem>k1 is caus$1 n by ab/a9+ f fle% b by ab/a9+ f a suffici5t am\nt ( nutriti\s non-fle% foods4 #bai ,additional ,reports1 #ahad4 ,among/ valuable diagnoses ( ?is k9d ! read] may be ref]r$ 9 p>ticul> to ! highly int]e/+ "o ( ! ,rev4 ,c4 ,h4 ,collyns1 ,m4,a41 ,oxon1 :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! ,times newspap]1 & :i* twice has be5 republi%$ by ! ,veget>ian ,society4 ,! success ( ! pure regim5 9 fir/ mitigat+ &1 f9ally1 9 altoge!r subdu+ long-inh]it$ g\ty affections1 0 complete & c]ta94 ,! rec5tly publi%$ evid5ce ( ! ,presid5t ( ! newly-=m$ ,fr5* ,society1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,h4 de ,vill5euve1 is equally satisfactory4 7,see ,bullet9 de la ,socit ,vgt>i5ne ( ,p>is1 z quot$ 9 ,nature1 ,jan41 #ahha47 #bbj ,see1 too1 ! te/imony ( ,newton1 ,return to ,nature1 & ( ,%elley 9 8 ,essay on ! ,vegetable ,diet1 9 :i* he describes ^! *ildr5 z 8! mo/ beautiful & heal?y be+s x is possible to conceive4 ,! girls are ! mo/ p]fect models = a sculptor4 ,_! dispositions1 also1 are ! mo/ g5tle & conciliat+40 #bba ,! ,life ( ,william ,lambe1 ,m4,d41 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians4 ,by ,e4 ,h>e1 ,c4,s4,i41 ,inspector-,g5]al ( ,hospitals1 to :i* valuable biography we are indebt$ = ! pres5t sket*4 ,9 ,mr4 ,h>e's memoir w be f\nd1 among o!r te/imonies to ! tru?s ( ,veget>ianism1 a highly-int]e/+ lett]1 writt5 to him by 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,ly=d1 an em95t physician ( ,w9*e/]4 #bbb ,life ( ,%elley1 by ,jeff]son ,hogg1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,h>e 9 ,life ( ,dr4 ,lambe4 ,hogg adds t he con=m$ = good fell[%ip1 & f\nd ! pur] food an agreeable *ange4 #bbc ,see ! ,dietetic ,re=m] & ,veget>ian ,mess5g]1 ,augu/1 #ahgc4 #bbd ,py?agoran1 ,anytique reum1 doctumque ,platona3 8,py?agoras & ! ,man accus$ by ,anytus ,socrates & ! le>n$ ,plato40--,satires ( ,horace4 #bbe ,?is is1 p]haps1 sc>cely j to ,py?agoras & 8 s*ool4 ,x is1 )\t d\bt1 deeply to be lam5t$ t !y did n m widely promulgate a doctr9e ( su* vital importance to ! _w2 b ! reasons ( _! res]ve & p>tial retic5ce h be5 indicat$ already 9 our notice ( ! f\nd] ( ,akreophagy4 ,9 a ^w--l ! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity 9 a lat] age--!y _h _m ?+s to say :i* ! _w c\ld n !n le>n4 ,moreov]1 z ,glezs rem>ks1 ! tea*]s !mselves c\ld n h1 f ! nature ( ! case1 ! full k ( lat] times4 #bbf ,! eloqu5ce & /yle ( ,buffon1 x ne$ sc>cely be rem>k$1 are m indisputable ?an 8 sci5tific accuracy4 ,among/ 8 _m errors1 none1 h[ev]1 is m surpris+ ?an 8 ass]tion ( ! c>nivor\s anatomical organisation ( man1 :i* has be5 correct$ ov] & ov] aga9 by physiologi/s & savants m pr(\nd ?an ,buffon4 #bbg 8,la*rymas--no/ri p>s optima s5sus40 #bbh ,9 newly-discov]$ c\ntries1 no decid$ pr$om9ance ( "o species ov] ano!r has be5 f\nd2 & ! reason is1 t qualities are pretty ne>ly equally divid$1 & t ! /ronge/ animal is n at ! same "t ! mo/ agile or ! mo/ intellig5t4--,note by ,glezs4 #bbi ,^u ?is1 n ! lea/ int]e/+ & important ( ! side views ( ,veget>ianism1 we ref] our read]s1 among/ num]\s au?orities1 to ! op9ions ( ,paley1 ,adam ,smi?1 ,pr(4 ,newman1 ,liebig1 & ,w4 ,r4 ,greg 79 ,social ,problems74 #bcj ,t ! victims ( ! ,slaught]-,h\se h1 9 fact1 a full pres5tim5t ( ! fate 9 /ore = !m1 mu/ be suffici5tly evid5t to e "o :o has witness$ a numb] ( ox5 or %eep driv5 t[>ds ! sc5e ( slaught]--! frantic /ruggles to escape & ru% pa/ ! horrible locality1 ! ex]tions necess>y on ! "p ( ! drov]s or slaught]m5 to =ce !m to ent] z well z ! frequ5t break+ away ( ! madd5$ victim--madd5$ alike by ! bl[s & clam\rs ( its execution]s & ! pres5tim5t ( its de/9y--:o frantically ru%es ?r\gh ! public /reets & scatt]s ! t]rifi$ human pass5g]s--all ?is abundantly proves ! transp>5t falsity ( ! ass]tion ( ! unconsci\sness or indiff]5ce ( ! victims ( ! %ambles4 ,see a t]ribly graphic description ( a sc5e ( ?is k9d 9 ,h\sehold ,words1 ,no4 #ad1 quot$ 9 ,dietetic ,re=m] 7#aheb71 9 ,?alysie1 & 9 ! ,dietetic ,re=m]1 passim4 ,also 9 ,animal ,_w1 c41 c4 #bca ,?alysie3 ou ,la ,n\velle ,exi/5ce3 ,p> ,j4 ,a4 ,glezs4 ,p>is1 #ahdj1 9 #c vols41 #hvo4 ,see also preface to ! ,g]man v]sion ( ,r4 ,spr+]1 ,b]l91 #ahgb4 ,our ,engli% read]s w be glad to le>n t a translation by ! ,engli% ,veget>ian ,society is n[ be+ contemplat$4 #bcb ,poeta1 9 its orig9al ,greek mean+1 m>ks out a creator ( new1 &1 !re=e1 7x is presumable7 true ideas4 #bcc ,comp>e ! fate ( ,gibbon1 :o1 at ! same age1 f\nd himself an outca/ f ! ,univ]sity = a v opposite (f5ce--= hav+ embrac$ ! dogmas ( ,ca?olicism4 7,see ,memoirs ( my ,life & ,writ+s1 by ,edw4 ,gibbon47 ,! future hi/orian ( ,! ,decl9e & ,fall1 x may be add$1 spe$ily return$ to ,prote/antism1 ?\gh n to t ( 8 preceptors4 #bcd ,%elley4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds4 ,macmillan1 #ahhg4 #bce ,hogg's ,life ( ,%elley4 ,moxon 7#aheh74 #bcf ,%elley4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds4 #bcg ,cuvi]'s ,leons d',anatomie ,comp41 ,tom4 ,,iii41 pages #afi1 #cgc1 #ddc1 #dfe1 #dhj4 ,rees' ,cyclop41 ,art ,man4 #bch ,inasmu* z at ?is mom5t !re are 9 ?is c\ntry m ?an two ?\s& p]sons ( all classes1 v _m = ?irty or =ty ye>s /rict ab/95ts f fle%-meat1 enroll$ memb]s ( ! ,veget>ian ,society 7n to speak ( a probably l>ge numb] ( isolat$ individual ab/95ts scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ^! isl&s1 :o1 = :atev] reason1 h n atta*$ !mselves to ! ,society71 & t !re h long be5 ,anti-fle% eat+ ,societies 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,g]many1 ! =tiori argum5t 9 ! pres5t in/ance w be all[$ to be ( d\ble weight4 #bci 8,see ,mr4 ,newton's ,book ,return1 to ,nature4 ,cadell1 #ahaa4 ,8 *ildr5 are ! mo/ beautiful & heal?y creatures x is possible to conceive4 ,! girls are p]fect models = a sculptor2 _! dispositions also are ! mo/ g5tle & conciliat+4 ,! judici\s treatm5t !y receive may be a correlative cause ( ?is4 ,9 ! fir/ five ye>s ( _! life1 ( #ah1jjj *ildr5 t are born1 #g1ejj die ( v>i\s diseases--& h[ _m m t survive are r5d]$ mis]able by maladies n imm$iately mortal6 ,! quality & quantity ( a "m's milk are mat]ially injur$ by ! use ( dead fle%4 ,on an isl&1 ne> ,icel&1 :]e no vegetables are to be got1 ! *ildr5 inv>iably die ( tetanus be=e !y are ?ree weeks old1 & ! population is suppli$ f ! ma9l&4--,sir ,g4 ,mack5zie's ,hi/ory ( ,icel&--note by ,%elley40 #bdj ,revolt ( ,islam1 v4 #ea1 #ee1 #ef4 #bda ,lately giv5 to ! _w by ,mr4 ,=man :o has c>efully collat$ & pr9t$ f ,%elley's ,,mss4 #bdb ,engli% ,cyclopdia4 #bdc ,works ( ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,%elley4 ,moxon4 #bdd ,%elley4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,symonds4 #bde ,see preface to ,! ,poetical ,works ( ,p]cy ,bys%e ,%elley4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,%elley4 ,new edition4 ,london1 #ahfi4 ,! increas+ reputation ( ,%elley is prov$1 at ! pres5t "t1 by ! increas+ numb] ( editions ( 8 writ+s1 & by ! increas+ numb] ( ?\ghtful criticisms & biographies ( ! poet1 by "s ( ! mo/ cultur$ m9ds ( ! day4 ,s9ce ! "t1 inde$1 :5 a popul> writ] b sometimes ra% critic1 ) condemnable want ( disc]nm5t & /ill m condemnable prejudice1 s egregi\sly misrepres5t$ to 8 read]s ! "* z well ( ! poet z ( 8 poems--:i* latt]1 nev]!less1 he 0 con/ra9$ to admit to be ! mo/ 8melodi\s0 ( all ,engli% poetry except+ ,%akesp]e1 & 7_! 8utopian0 inspiration ap>t7 ! mo/ 8p]fect0--7,?\ghts on ,%elley & ,byron1 by ,rev4 ,c4 ,k+sley1 8,fras]10 #ahec17 ! pre-em95ce ( ! poet1 bo? morally & /hetically1 has be5 suffici5tly e/abli%$4 #bdf ,9 ano!r place he indulges 8 ironical wit at ! exp5se ( ! beef-eat]s1 9 repres5t+ a c]ta9 ,cretan p]sonage 9 ,greek /ory to h 8,promot$ bre$+ cattle1 ,to make ! ,cretans bloodi] 9 battle2 ,= we all "k t ,engli% p are ,f$ ^u beef44444 ,we "k1 too1 !y are v fond ( w>-- ,a pleasure--l all pleasures--r de>40 #bdg ,see ,life & ,lett]s4 ,murray4 #bdh ,memoirs ( ! ,public & ,private ,life ( ,sir ,r4 ,phillips4 ,london1 #ahjh4 #bdi ,!y _h be5 publi%$ by him sev]al ye>s e>li] 9 ! ,m$ical ,j\rnal = ,july #bg #ahaa4 #bej ,gold5 ,rules ( ,social ,philosophy3 be+ a ,sy/em ( ,e?ics4 #ahbf4 #bea ,a ,diction>y ( ! ,arts ( ,life & ,civilisation4 #ahcc4 ,london3 ,%]wood ,co4 ,x w be se5 t ! orig9 ( 8 revolt f or?odox dietetics1 giv5 by himself1 diff]s f t n>rat$ 9 ! ,life f :i* we h quot$ above4 ,x is possible t bo? incid5ts may h equally affect$ him at ! mom5t1 b t ! spectacle ( ! ,london slaught]-h\se rema9$ mo/ vividly impress$ ^u 8 m9d4 #beb ,million ( ,facts1 p4 #agf4 ,= ! sub/ance ( ! great] "p ( ?is biography1 our ackn[l$gm5ts are due to ! rese>*es ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,a4 ,axon1 ,f4,r4,s4,l41 ,f4,s4,s4 #bec ,la ,*ute d'un ,ange4 ,huitime ,vision4 #bed ,les ,confid5ces1 p> ,alphonse de ,lam>t9e1 ,p>is1 #ahdi-ea1 quot$ 9 ,dietetic ,re=m]1 ,augu/1 #ahha4 ,x is 9 ?is book1 too1 t he commemorates "s ( ! _m atrocities p]petrat$ by s*oolboys ) impunity1 or ev5 ) ! connivance ( _! ma/]s1 = _! amusem5t1 ^u ! helpless victims ( _! un*eck$ cruelty ( disposition4 #bee ,! "q ( kreophagy & anti-kreophagy _h already be5 moot$1 x appe>s1 9 ! ,in/itut1 at ! p]iod ( ! great ,revolution ( #aghi1 z a legitimate consequ5ce ( ! app>5t g5]al awak5+ ( ! human consci5ce1 :5 slav]y also 0 fir/ publicly d5\nc$4 ,:at 0 ! result ( ! fir/ rais+ ( ?is "q 9 ! ,fr5* ,*amb] ( ,savans does n appe>1 b1 z ,glezs rem>ks1 we may easily div9e x4 ,"o int]e/+ fact 0 publi%$ by ! discussion 9 ! ,deputies' ,*amb]--viz41 t 9 ! ye> #ahag1 9 ,p>is1 ! consumption ( fle% 0 less ?an t ( ! ye> #aghj by #dj1jjj1jjjlb41 9 proportion to ! population 7see ,glezs1 ,?alysie1 ,quatrime ,disc\rs71 a fact :i* c only mean t ! ri*1 :o support ! but*]s1 _h be5 =c$ by r$uc$ means to live less c>nivor\sly4 #bef ,9 ! same /ra9 an em95t savan1 ,sir ,d4 ,brew/]1 has giv5 expression to 8 feel+ ( av]sion f ! slaught]-h\se--a righte\s feel+ :i* 7/range p]v]sion ( judgm5t7 is s con/antly repress$ 9 spite ( all ! mo/ =cible prompt+s ( consci5ce & reason6 ,^! are 8 words3 8,b :atev] races !re be 9 o!r sph]es1 we feel sure t !re mu/ be "o among/ :om !re are no man-eat]s--no h]oes ) r$ h&s--no sov]eigns ) bloody he>ts--& no /atesm5 :o1 leav+ ! p untaught1 educate !m = ! scaffold4 ,9 ! ,decalogue ( t community w /& pre-em95t1 9 lett]s ( burni%$ gold1 ! highe/ ( all social obligations--#8,?\ %alt n kill1 nei!r = t]ritory1 = fame1 = lucre1 nor = food1 nor = raim5t1 nor = pleasure4' ,! lovely =ms ( life1 & s5sation1 & in/9ct1 s delicately fa%ion$ by ! ,ma/]-h&1 %all no long] be de/roy$ & trodd5 "u foot1 b %all be ! objects ( increas+ love & admiration1 ! /udy ( ! philosoph]1 ! !me ( ! poet1 & ! companions & auxili>ies ( ,man40--,m ,worlds ?an ,"o4 #beg ,bible de l',humanit--,r$emption de la ,nature1 ,,vi4 #beh ,cf4 a rec5tly publi%$ ,essay1 9 ! =m ( a lett] to ! pres5t ,premi]1 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 entitl$ ,! ,woman & ! ,age4 ,! au?or1 "o ( ! mo/ ref9$ ?9k]s ( our times1 has at once admirably expos$ ! utt] %am z well z cruelty ( a vivisect+ sci5ce1 & demon/rat$ ! necess>y & natural results to ! human race f its %ameless outrage ^u1 & cynical contempt =1 ! fir/ pr9ciples ( morality4 #bei ,! ,bird1 by ,jules ,mi*elet4 ,engli% ,translation4 ,nelson1 ,london1 #ahgj4 ,see1 too1 8 eloqu5t exposure ( ! sci5tific or popul> error :i*1 d5y+ consci\s reason & intellig5ce1 9 ord] to expla9 ! m5tal con/itution ( ! non-human races 7z well t ( ! high] mammals z ( ! inf]ior species71 has inv5t$ ! vague & my/ify+ t]m 8in/9ct40 #bfj ,la ,femme1 vi4 ,onzime ,edition4 ,p>is1 #ahgi4 #bfa ,?is memorable build+ has be5 succe$$ by ! pres5t well-kn[n "o 9 ,cross ,lane1 :]e ! ,rev4 ,james ,cl>k1 "o ( ! mo/ e/eem$1 z well z "o ( ! olde/1 memb]s ( ! ,veget>ian ,society is ! able & eloqu5t (ficiat+ m9i/]4 #bfb ,^! biographical facts we h transf]r$ to our pages f an int]e/+ notice by ,mr ,w4 ,e4 ,a4 ,axon1 ,f4,r4,s4,l4 #bfc ,memoir ( ! ,rev4 ,william4 ,metcalfe1 ,m4,d4 ,by 8 son1 ,rev4 ,joseph ,metcalfe1 ,philadelphia1 #ahfe4 #bfd ,see ,memoir ( ! ,rev4 ,william ,metcalfe4 ,by 8 son1 ! ,rev ,j4 ,metcalfe4 ,philadelphia2 ,j4 ,cap54 #ahff4 #bfe ,see ,memoir 9 ,sylve/] ,graham's ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,human ,life4 ,cond5s$ by ,t4 ,bak]1 ,esq41 ( ! ,inn] ,temple1 ,b>ri/]-at-,law4 ,man*e/]3 ,heywood2 ,london3 ,pitman4 #bff ,! ,new ,am]ican ,cyclopdia4 ,appleton1 ,new ,york1 #ahfa4 ,x des]ves rem>k 9 ?is place t1 9 no ,engli% cyclopdia or biographical diction>y1 z f> z our k ext5ds1 is any sort ( notice giv5 ( ?is great sanit>y re=m]4 ,! same disappo9tm5t is exp]i5c$ 9 reg>d to n a few o!r great names1 :e!r 9 hygi5ic or humanit>ian lit]ature4 ,! abs5ce ( ! names ( su* true b5efactors ( ! _w 9 ^! books ( ref]5ce is all ! m surpris+ 9 view ( ! pres5ce ( an inf9ite numb] ( p]sons--( all k9ds--:o h contribut$ little to ! /ock ( true k or to ! welf>e ( ! _w4 #bfg ,! ,greek /ory ( ! savage horses ( ! ,?racian k+ :o 7 f$ ^u human fle%1 !re=e1 may v well be true4 #bfh ,graham "h quotes v>i\s au?orities--,l9n1 ,cuvi]1 ,lawr5ce ,bell1 & o!rs4 #bfi ,pr(essor ,lawr5ce in/ances p>ticul>ly 8! ,lapl&]s1 ,samoides1 ,o/iacs1 ,tungooses1 ,burats1 & ,bamts*atdales1 9 ,nor!rn ,europe & ,asia1 z well z ! ,esquimaux 9 ! nor!rn1 & ! natives ( ,ti]ra del ,fuego 9 ! s\!rn1 extremity ( ,am]ica1 :o1 al?\gh !y live almo/ entirely on fle%1 & t (t5 raw1 are ! smalle/1 weake/1 & lea/ brave p ( ! globe40--,lectures on ,physiology4 ,( all races ! ,nor? ,am]ican native tribes1 :o subsi/ almo/ entirely by ! *ase1 are notori\sly "o ( ! mo/ f]oci\s & cruel4 ,t ! omnivor\s classes 9 8civilis$0 ,europe--9 ?is c\ntry p>ticul>ly--h atta9$ _! pres5t position1 political or intellectual1 9 spite ( _! kreophagi/ic habits is attributable to a complex set ( conditions & circum/ances 7an ext5sive inquiry1 ^u :i* x is impossible to ent] "h7 :i* h1 9 "s measure1 mitigat$ ! evil results ( a b>b>\s diet1 w be suffici5tly cle> to e unprejudic$ inquir]4 ,if fle%-eat+ be ! cause1 or "o ( ! pr9cipal causes1 ( ! pres5t dom9ance ( ! ,european1 & especially ,engli%-speak+ peoples1 x may ju/ly be ask$--h[ is to be expla9$1 e4g41 ! dom9ance ( ! ,s>ac5ic p[] 79 ,s4 ,europe7 dur+ sev5 c5turies--a dom9ance 9 arms z well z 9 arts & sci5ces--:5 ! semi-b>b>\s ,*ri/ian nations 7at lea/ z reg>ds ! rul+ classes7 7 :olly kreophagi/ic4 #bgj ,= "o ( ! able/ & mo/ exhau/ive sci5tific argum5ts on ! same side ev] publi%$ we ref] our read]s to ,! ,p]fect ,way 9 ,diet1 by ,mrs4 ,alg]non ,k+s=d1 ,m4,d4 7,kegan ,paul1 ,london1 #ahha74 ,orig9ally writt5 & deliv]$ z a ,!sis = le ,doctorat en ,mdic9e at ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 "u ! title ( ,l',alim5tation ,vgtale ,*ez ,l',homme 7#ahhj71 x 0 almo/ imm$iately translat$ into ,g]man by ,dr4 ,a4 ,ad]holdt "u ! same title ( ,die ,pfanz5nahrung bei dem ,m5s*54 ,x is1 we believe1 ab\t to be translat$ into ,russian4 ,! humane & moral argum5t ( ?is eloqu5t "w is equally admirable & equally p]suasive ) ! sci5tific pro(s4 #bga 8,sai1 *e l corre il mondo ove pi v]si ,di sue dolcesse il lus+hi] ,p>naso1 ,e *e'l ,v]o condito 9 molli v]si ,i pi s*ivi allett&o ha p]suaso4 ,cosi all' egro fanciul porgiamo asp]si ,di soave licor gli orli del vaso3 ,suc*i am>i +annato intanto ei beve1 ,e dall' +anno sua vita riceve40 ,g]usalemme ,lib]ata1 ,i4 #bgb ,see ,pflanz5ko/2 od] die ,grundlage e9] ,neu5 ,weltans*auung1 ,von ,gu/av ,/ruve1 ,/uttg>t1 #ahfi4 ,= ! sub/ance ( ! brief sket* ( ! life ( ,/ruve we are indebt$ to ! c\rtesy ( ,h]r ,emil ,weil%aeus]1 ! rec5tly-elect$ ,presid5t ( ! ,veget>ian ,society ( ,g]many 7,jan41 #ahhb71 himself ! au?or ( "s valuable words on ,re=m$ ,dietetics4 #bgc ,see ,sakuntal1 or ! ,fatal ,r+1 ( ! ,h9du ,%aksp]e ,kalidsa1 ! mo/ int]e/+ production ( ! ,h9du ,poetry4 ,x has be5 translat$ into almo/ e ,european language4 #bgd ,m&>as' ,w&]ung54 ,zweite ,ausgabe4 ,mannheim4 ,fri$ri* ,gtz4 #ahde4 ,= a copy ( ?is n[ sc>ce book we are indebt$ to ! c\rtesy ( ,h]r ,a4 von ,seefeld1 ( ,hanov]4 #bge ,pflanz5ko/1 die ,grundlage e9] neu5 ,weltans*auung4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahfi4 ,cf4 ,liebig's ,*emis*e ,briefe 78,lett]s on ,*emi/ry407 #bgf ,das ,seel5leb52 od] die ,naturges*i*te des ,m5s*54 ,von ,gu/av ,/ruve4 ,b]l93 ,!obald ,grieb54 #ahfi4 #bgg 8,weh' d551 die dem ,ewigbl9d5 ,des ,li*tes ,himmelsfackel leih560 ,,s*ill]4 ,das ,li$ von d] ,glocke4 #bgh ,quot$ 9 ,die ,naturgemsse ,dit3 die ,dit d] ,zukunft1 von ,!odor ,hahn1 ,c!n1 #ahei4 ,= ! sub/ance ( biographical notice prefix$ to ?is article we are aga9 indebt$ to ! k9dness ( ,h]r ,emil ,weil%us]1 ( ,oppeln4 #bgi ,das ,m5s*5dase9 9 se95 ,weltewig5 ,zg5 und ,zei*54 ,von ,bogumil ,goltz4 ,frankfurt4 #bhj ,comp>e ! rem>ks ( ,jean ,paul ,ri*t] 7#agfc-ahbe71 9 8 treatise on ,education1 ,levana1 9 :i* he1 too1 9 sc>cely less emphatic language1 prote/s aga9/ ! g5]al neglect ( ?is dep>tm5t ( morals4 ,among o!r ref]5ces to ! subject1 ! celebrat$ noveli/ ?us writes3 8,love is ! second hemisph]e ( ! moral heav54 ,yet is ! sacr$ be+ ( love little e/abli%$4 ,love is an inborn b diff]5tly di/ribut$ =ce & blood-heat ( ! he>t 7blutwrme des h]z5s74 ,!re are cold & w>m-blood$ s\ls1 z !re are animals4 ,z = ! *ild1 s = ! l[] animal1 love is1 9 fact1 an ess5tial impulse2 & ?is c5tral fire (t51 9 ! =m ( compassion1 pi]ces its e>?-cru/1 b n 9 e case4444 ,! *ild 7"u prop] education7 le>ns to reg>d all animal life z sacr$--9 brief1 !y imp>t to him ! feel+ ( a ,h9du 9 place ( ! he>t ( a ,c>tesian philosoph]4 ,!re is "h a "q ( some?+ m ev5 ?an compassion = o!r animals2 b ?is also is 9 "q4 ,:y is x t x has s long be5 obs]v$ t ! cruelty ( ! *ild to ! l[] animals presages cruelty to m51 j z ! ,old-,te/am5t sacrifice ( animals pre%ad[$ t ( ! sacrifice ( a man8 ,x is = himself only ! undevelop$ man c exp]i5ce pa9s & suff]+s1 :i* speak to him ) ! native tones ( 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,consequ5tly1 ! in>ticulate cry ( ! tortur$ animal comes to him j z "s /range1 amus+ s\nd ( ! air2 & yet he sees !re life1 consci\s movem5t1 bo? :i* di/+ui% !m f ! inanimate sub/ances4 ,?us he s9s aga9/ 8 own life1 :il/ he sund]s x f ! re/1 z ?\gh x 7 a piece ( ma*9]y4 ,let life be to him ! *ild sacr$ 7heilig71 ev5 t :i* may be de/itute ( reason2 &1 9 fact1 does ! *ild "k any o!r8 ,or1 because ! he>t beats "u bri/les1 fea!rs1 or w+s1 is x1 !re=e1 to be ( no acc\nt80 #bha ,see a pamphlet ^u ?is subject by ,dr4 ,v4 ,gtzlaff--,s*op5hau] ueb] die ,?i]e und d5 ,?i]s*utz3 ,e9 ,beitrag zur e?is*5 ,seite d] ,vivisectionsfrage4 ,b]l91 #ahgi4 #bhb ,le ,fondem5t de ,la ,morale1 p> ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]1 traduit de l',allem& p> ,a4 ,burdeau4 ,p>is1 ,baillire et ,cie1 #ahgi4 #bhc ,quot$ 9 ,die ,naturgemsse ,dit1 die ,dit d] ,zukunft1 von ,!odor ,hahn1 #ahei4 ,we may note "h t ,moles*ott1 ! em95t ,dut* physiologi/1 & a y\ng] contempor>y ( ,liebig1 alike ) ! di/+ui%$ ,g]man ,*emi/ & ) ! ,fr5* zoologi/1 ,buffon1 is *>geable ) a /range inconsi/5cy 9 *oos+ 8 place among ! apologi/s ( kreophagy1 9 spite ( 8 conviction t 8! legumes are sup]ior to fle%-meat 9 abundance ( solid con/itu5ts :i* !y conta92 &1 :ile ! am\nt ( album9\s sub/ances may surpass t 9 fle%-meat by "o-half1 ! con/itu5ts ( fat & ! salts are also pres5t 9 a great] abundance40 7,see ,die ,naturgemsse ,dit1 von ,!odor ,hahn1 #ahei74 ,b1 9 fact1 x is only too obvi\s :y at pres5t ! l>ge majority ( ,sci5ti/s1 :ile (t5 fully admitt+ ! virtues1 or ev5 ! sup]iority ( ! pur] diet1 yet aft] all enrol !mselves on ! or?odox side4 ,ei!r !y are altoge!r indiff]5t to humane tea*+1 or !y want ! c\rage ( _! convictions to proclaim ! ,tru?4 #bhd ,among ,engli% philosophic writ]s1 ! argum5ts & w>n+s 7publi%$ 9 ! ,dietetic ,re=m] dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s7 ( ! pres5t head ( ! ,society = ! promotion ( ,diet>y ,re=m 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,pr(essor ,newman1 9 reg>d to ,national ,economy & to ! enorm\s evils1 pres5t & prospective1 aris+ f ! preval5t ins5sibility to ?is aspect ( ,national ,re=m are at once ! mo/ =cible & ! mo/ e>ne/4 ,x w\ld be well if our public m51 & all :o are 9 place & p[]1 w\ld give ! mo/ e>ne/ he$ to !m4 ,b ?is1 unhappily1 "u ! pres5t prevail+ political & social conditions1 exp]i5ce tea*es to be almo/ a va9 expectation4 #bhe ,grvius1 ! fam\s ,g]man ,s*ol> ( ! #ag? c5tury1 ma9ta9s to mean "h ,fruits1 n 8,flocks10 accord+ to ! vulg> int]pretation1 & ! translation ( ,grvius1 x w be all[$1 is at lea/ m consi/5t ) ! context ?an is ! latt]4 ,x mu/ be add$ t ! :ole v]se bracket$ is ( d\btful g5u95ess4 #bhf ,?is rem>kable passage1 x is highly int]e/+ to note1 is ! e>lie/ indication ( ! idea ( 8gu>dian angels10 :i* aft]w>ds 0 develop$ 9 ! ,platonic philosophy2 & :i*1 consid]ably modifi$ by ,jewi% belief1 d]iv$ f ! ,p]sian !ology1 f9ally took =m 9 ! ,*ri/ian cre$4 ,comp>e ! beautiful idea ( gu>dian angels1 or spirits 9 ! ,prologue ( ! ,%ipwreck ( ,plautus4 #bhg ,see ,poet ,m9ores ,grci 444 ,aliisque ,accessionibus ,aucta4 ,edit$ by ,?omas ,gais=d4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,lipsi1 #ahbc4 #bhh 8,quum sis ipse noc5s1 moritur cur victima pro te8 ,/ultitia e/1 morte alt]ius sp]>e ,salutem40 #bhi ,! ,light ( ,asia3 or1 ,! ,great ,r5unciation 7,mahbh9i%kramana74 ,be+ ! ,life & ,tea*+ ( ,gautama1 ,pr9ce ( ,india1 & ,f\nd] ( ,buddhism 7z told 9 v]se by an ,indian ,buddhi/74 ,by ,edw9 ,arnold4 ,london3 ,trbn]4--,9 ! ,h9du ,epic1 ! ,mahbhrata1 ! same great pr9ciple is app>5t1 ?\gh less conspicu\sly3-- 8,! con/ant virtue ( ! ,good is t5d]ness & love ,to all t live 9 e>?1 air1 sea--great1 small--bel[1 above3 ,compassionate ( he>t1 !y keep a g5tle w to ea*3 ,:o pities n1 ha? n ! ,fai?4 ,full _m a "o s lives40 ,,iii4--,/ory ( ,savtri #bij ,comp>e ! beautiful v]ses ( ,lucretius--:o1 almo/ alone among/ ! poets1 has indignantly d5\nc$ ! vile & horrible practice ( sacrifice--pictur+ ! inconsolable grief ! ,"m ,c[ b]eft ( h] "y1 :o has be5 ravi%$ f h] = ! sacrificial alt>3-- 8,spe ante ,dem vitulus delubra decora ,?uricremas propt] mactatus concidit aras ,sangu9is expirans calidum de pectore flum51 ,at mat] viridis saltus orbata p]agrans ,noacit humi p$ibus ve/igia pressa bisulcis1 ,omnia convis5s oculis loca1 si queat usquam ,conspic]e amissum ftum1 completque qu]ellis ,frondif]um nemus absi/5s1 et crebra revisit ,ad /abulum desid]io p]fixa ,juv5ci2 ,nec t5] salices atque h]b rore vig5tes1 ,flum9aque illa queunt summis lab5tia ripis ,oblect>e animum1 subitamque av]t]e curam1 ,nee vitulorum ali species p] pabula lta ,d]iv>e queunt animum curque lev>e40 7,de ,r]um ,natur ,,ii47 ,see also ! memorable v]ses 9 :i* ! rationali/ poet /igmatises ! vic>i\s sacrifice ( ,iphig5eia4--,tantum ,religio potuit suad]e ,malorum 7,l74 #bia ,see1 also1 ,fa/i1 already quot$ above4 8,pace ,c]es lta e/444444 ,a ,bove succ9cti cultros removete ,m9i/ri1 c40 ,,iv4 #djg-daf4 #bib ,florilegium ( ,/obu--7#ag-dc & #ah-ch71 quot$ by ,pr(essor ,mayor 9 ,dietetic ,re=m]1 ,july1 #ahha4 ,9 ! erudite & exhau/ive edition ( ,juv5al1 by ,pr(essor ,mayor 7,macmillan1 ,cambridge71 w be f\nd a l>ge numb] ( quotations f ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s1 & a great deal ( int]e/+ matt] ^u frugal liv+4 #bic 8,hygia/icon3 ,on ! ,"r ,c\rse ( ,pres]v+ ,life & ,heal? unto ,extreme ,old ,age2 toge!r ) ,s\ndness & ,integrity ( ! ,s5ses1 ,judgm5t1 & ,memory4 ,writt5 9 ,lat9 by ,leon>d ,lessius1 & n[ done into ,engli%4 ,! second edition4 ,pr9t$ by ! pr9t]s to ! ,univ]sitie ( ,cambridge1 #afcd40 ,lessio1 l 8 ma/] ,corn>o1 ,hall]1 & _m o!r advocates ( a re=m$ diet1 0 influ5c$ n at all by humanit>ian1 b by heal? reasons only4 #bid ,cf4 ,plut>*--,essay on ,fle%-,eat+4 #bie ,"s ,memoirs ( ! ,life ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,tryon1 late ( ,london1 ,m]*ant4 ,writt5 by ,himself4 ,london1 #agje4 #bif ,os hom9i sublime d$it1 clumque tu]i4--,ovid1 ,met4 ,i4 #big ,comp>e ,s5eca & ,*ryso/om1 above4 #bih ,if ,tryon c\ld po9t to diseases among ! victims ( ! %ambles 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 :at use might he n make ( ! epidemics or endemics ( ! pres5t day8 #bii ,! ,way to ,heal?1 ,long ,life1 & ,happ9ess3 or a ,disc\rse ( ,temp]ance1 & ! ,p>ticul> ,nature ( all ?+s ,requisite = ! ,life ( ,man4444 ,! ,l nev] be=e ,publi%$4 ,communicat$ to ! ,_w1 = ! ,g5]al ,good1 by ,philo!os ,physiologus ,tryon's nom de plume4 ,london1 #afhc4 ,x is 79 its be/ p>ts7 ! wor?y precursor ( ,! ,h]ald ( ,heal?1 & ( ! valuable hygi5ic philosophy ( its able editor--,dr4 ,t4 ,l4 ,ni*ols4 #cjj ,see ,biog4 ,univ]selle1 ,art4 ,philippe ,hecquet #cja ,trait des ,disp5ses1 c4 ,p> ,philippe ,hecquet1 ,m4,d41 ,p>is4 ,ed4 #agji4 #cjb 8,t lies b5ea? ! knife1 ,looks up1 & f h] but*] begs h] life40 n4 ,,vii4 7,pope's translation47 ,quot$ fir/ by ,montaigne4 ,essais4 #cjc ,&1 ,pope might h add$1 a m diabolical torture /ill--calves bl$ to dea? by a sl[ & l+]+ process--hung up 7z !y (t5 are7 head d[nw>ds4 ,al?\gh n univ]sal z x 0 "s t5 ye>s ago1 ?is1 among o!r ,*ri/ian practices1 yet fl\ri%es 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 un*eck$ by legal int]v5tion4 #cjd ,see ,article1 ,plut>*1 above4 #cje ,s f>1 at lea/1 z ! natural & necess>y wants ( ea* species are conc]n$4--,t 8,nature0 is reg>dless ( suff]+1 is b too app>5t 9 all p>ts ( our globe4 ,x is ! opprobrium & %ame ( ! human species t1 plac$ at ! head ( ! v>i\s races ( be+s1 x has hi!rto be5 ! ,tyrant1 & n ! ,pacificator4 #cjf ,! ,f\r ,/ages ( ,cruelty1 9 :i*1 beg9n+ ) ! torture ( o!r animals1 ! legitimate sequ5ce is fulfill$ 9 ! murd] ( ! tortur]'s mi/ress or wife4 #cjg ,:i* is ! accomplice really guilty8 ,! ignorant1 untaught1 wret* :o has to ga9 8 liv+ "s way or o!r1 or ^? :o h be5 entru/$ )1 or :o h assum$1 ! control ( ! public consci5ce--! /atesman1 ! cl]gy1 & ! s*oolma/]8 ,und\bt$ly x is ^u ^! t almo/ all ! guilt lies1 & always w lie4 #cjh ,bull-bait+1 9 ?is c\ntry1 has be5 = "s ye>s illegal2 b t morali/s1 & o!r writ]s ( ! pres5t day1 :ile boa/+ ! abolition ( t popul> pa/ime1 are sil5t1 ^u ! equally b>b>\s1 if m fa%ionable sports ( ,de]-hunt+1 c41 is "o ( ^? inconsi/5cies 9 logic :i* are z unacc\ntable z !y are common4 #cji 8,t is10 rem>ks ,ritson1 89 a /ate ( ,society influ5c$ by ,sup]/ition1 ,pride1 & a v>iety ( prejudices equally unnatural & absurd40 #caj 8,! conv]se ( all ?is is true4 ,he is c]ta9ly taught by example1 & by temptation1 & prompt$ by 7:at he ?9ks is7 int]e/40--,note by ,ritson 9 ,ab/95ce f ,fle% a ,moral ,duty4 #caa ,among liv+ enlight5$ m$ical au?orities ( ! pres5t day1 ,dr4 ,b4 ,w4 ,ri*>dson1 ,f4,r4,s41 p]haps ! mo/ em95t hygei/ & sanit>y re=m] 9 ! c\ntry n[ liv+1 has deliv]$ 8 te/imony 9 no d\btful t]ms to ! sup]iority ( ! pur] diet4 ,9 8 rec5t publication ,salutisl& he has bani%$ ! slaught]-h\se1 ) all its abom9ations1 f t model ,/ate4 ,see also 8 ,hygieia4 #cab ,l',art de ,prolong] la ,vie et de ,cons]v] la ,sant3 ou1 ,trait d',hygine4 ,p> ,m4 ,pressav91 ,gradu de l',univ]sit de ,p>is2 ,membre du ,collge ,royal de ,*irurgie de ,lyon1 et ,anci5 ,demon/rateur en ,matire ,m$icale-,*irurgicale4 ,a ,lyon1 #aghf4 #cac ,die ,eleusis*e ,fe/4 #cad ,d] ,alp5jg]4 ,see also ,g!--,itali5is*e ,reise1 ,,xxiii4 #db2 ,aus ,me9em ,leb51 ,,xxiv4 #bc2 ,w]!r's ,leid52 ,brief #ab4 #cae ,introduction to ! ,pr9ciples ( ,morals & ,legislation 7page #caa74 ,by ,j]emy ,b5?am1 ,m4,a41 ,b5*] ( ,l9coln's ,inn1 c42 ,ox=d3 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahgf4 ,x mu/ be add$ t ! assumption 7on ! same page on :i* ?is cog5t reason+ is f\nd71 t man has ! "r to kill 8 fell[-be+s1 = ! purpose ( fe$+ ^u _! fle%1 is "o m illu/ration ( ! /range inconsi/5cies into :i* ev5 s g5]ally j & indep5d5t a ?9k] z ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,fallacies may be =c$ by ! 8logic ( circum/ances40 ,among rec5t notable ,essays ^u ! ,rights ( ! ,l[] ,animals 7! "r to live except$7 may "h be m5tion$--,animals & _! ,ma/]s1 by ,sir ,ar?ur ,helps 7#ahgc71 & ,! ,rights ( an ,animal1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,ni*olson1 libr>ian ( ! ,bodleian1 ,ox=d 7#ahgg74 #caf ,comp>e ! ,voyages ( ,volney1 "o ( ! mo/ philosophical ( ! ?9k]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :o himself = "s "t seems to h liv$ on ! non-fle% diet4 ,attribut+ ! f]oci\s "* ( ! ,am]ican savage1 8hunt] & but*]1 :o1 9 e animal sees b an object ( prey1 & :o is become an animal ( ! species ( wolves & ( tig]s10 to su* cu/om1 ?is celebrat$ travell] adds ! reflection t 8! habit ( %$d+ blood1 or simply ( see+ x %$1 corrupts all s5tim5ts ( humanity40 7,see ,voyage en ,syrie et en ,egypte47 ,see1 too1 ,!v5ot 7! y\ng]71 an e>li] ,fr5* travell]1 :o describes a ,banian hospital1 9 :i* he saw a numb] ( sick ,camels1 ,horses1 & ,ox51 & _m invalids ( ! fea!r$ race4 ,_m ( ! l[] ,animals1 he in=ms u1 7 ma9ta9$ !re = life1 ^? :o recov]$ be+ sold to ,h9dus exclusively4 #cag ,?is feel+ occasionally appe>s 9 8 poems1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 describ+ a 8banquet0 & its fle%-eat+ gue/s1 he wond]s h[ 8,su* bodies c\ld h s\ls1 or s\ls su* bodies40 #cah ,note on ?is po9t ! words ( ! late ,w4 ,r4 ,greg1 to ! effect t 8! am\nt ( human life su/a9$ on a giv5 area may be almo/ indef9itely increas$ by ! sub/itution ( vegetable = animal food20 & 8 fur!r /atem5t--8,a giv5 acreage ( :eat w fe$ at lea/ t5 times z _m m5 z ! same acreage employ$ 9 gr[+ #8mutton4' ,x is usually calculat$ t ! consumption ( :eat by an adult is ab\t "o qu>t] p] annum1 & we "k t good l& produces f\r qu>t]s4 ,b let u assume t a man liv+ on gra9 w\ld require two qu>t]s a ye>2 /ill "o acre w\ld support two m54 ,b1 a man liv+ on fle% meat w\ld ne$ #clbs4 a day1 & x is consid]$ a lib]al calculation if an acre sp5t 9 graz+ %eep & cattle w yield 9 #8beef' & #8mutton' m ?an #ejlb4 on an av]age--! be/ f>m] 9 ,norfolk hav+ av]ag$ #ijlb41 b a great majority ( f>ms 9 ,great ,brita9 only rea* #bjlb4 ,on ^! data x w\ld require #bb acres ( pa/ure l& to su/a9 "o adult p]son liv+ on fle% meat4 ,x is obvi\s t 9 view ( ! adoption ( a vegetable diet lies ! indication ( a va/ increase 9 ! population su/a9able on a giv5 area40--,social & ,political ,problems 7,trbn]74 #cai 8,( ! ,cruelty connect$ ) he ,cul9>y ,arts0 9 ,philozoa2 or1 ,moral ,reflections on ! ,actual ,condition ( ! ,animal ,k+dom1 & on ! ,means ( ,improv+ ! ,same2 ) num]\s ,anecdotes & ,illu/rative ,notes1 address$ to ,lewis ,gomp]tz1 ,esq41 ,presid5t ( ! ,animals' ,fri5d ,society3 ,by ,t4 ,=/]1 ,m4,b41 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,l4,s41 c4 ,brussels1 #ahci4 ,! writ] well insi/s t1 h[ev] remote may be a univ]sal ,re=mation1 e individual p]son1 pret5d+ to any culture or ref9em5t ( m9d1 is morally b\nd to ab/a9 f sanction+1 by 8 dietetic habits1 ! revolt+ atrocities 8connect$ ) ! cul9>y arts1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,"y1 9 8 ,book on ,cruelty1 has giv5 a long catalogue40