,,! ,,bayeux ,,tape/ry ,,elucidat$ ,,john ,,coll+wood ,,bruce1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,london1 ,j4 ,,russell ,,smi?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,bayeux ,,tape/ry ,,elucidat$4 ,,by ,,rev4 ,,john ,,coll+wood ,,bruce1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,,correspond+ ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies ,,( ,,scotl&1 ,,( ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies ,,( ,,france1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies ,,( ,,norm&y2 ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,c\ncil ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies ,,( ,,newca/le-,,^u-,,tyne2 ,,an ,,honor>y ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,surrey ,,ar*,,ological ,,society2 ,,& ,,"o ,,( ,,! ,,committee ,,( ,,! ,,lit]>y ,,& ,,philosophical ,,society ,,( ,,newca/le-,,^u-,,tyne4 8 444,!y burn+ bo? ) f]v5t fire ,_! c\ntrey's aunce/ry to und]/ond40 ,sp5s]4 ,,london3 ,,john ,,russell ,,smi?1 #cf1 ,,soho ,,squ>e4 ,m4,,dccc4,,lvi4 ,,newca/le-,,^u-,,tyne3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,=/] ,,& ,,co41 ,,clayton ,,/reet4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,mo/ ,noble ,,eleanor ,,du*ess ( ,,nor?umb]l& l9eally desc5d$ f a di/+ui%$ ,companion ( ,william ( ,norm&y 9 ! ,conque/ ( ,engl& ,?is ,"w illu/rative ( ! ,title & ,triumphs ( ! ,conqu]or is ) h] ,grace's k9d p]mission mo/ dutifully gratefully inscrib$4 ,,preface4 ,engl& has p]=m$1 & is probably de/9$ yet to p]=m1 an important "p 9 ! hi/ory ( nations4 ,! era treat$ ( 9 ?is "w 0 d\btless ! crisis ( h] fate4 ,happily1 %e surviv$ ! %ock ( ! ,conque/1 & 0 b5efit$ by its r\gh discipl9e4 ,all true-he>t$ ,engli%m5 mu/ read ) peculi> feel+ ?is portion ( our c\ntry's annals4 ,surr\nd+ nations1 too1 h _! %>e ( int]e/ 9 x4 ,:5 ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies publi%$ ! beautiful copy ( ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 made1 at _! reque/1 by ,mr4 ,*>les ,/o?>d1 !y te/ifi$ ! importance :i* !y atta*$ to ! docum5t4 ,z yet !y h publi%$ no explanation ( x4 ,! _w /ill expects x at _! h&s4 ,to supply1 mean:ile1 "s little assi/ance to ! /ud5t ( hi/ory1 ?is "w is publi%$4 ,x 0 sugge/$ by a holiday ramble 9 ,norm&y1 amid/ ! sc5es r5d]$ fam\s by ! c>e] ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,! plates h be5 c>efully r$uc$ f ^? publi%$ by ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies1 by ,mr4 ,mossman1 & pr9t$ 9 col\rs by ! ,messrs4 ,lamb]t1 ( ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4 ,^! g5tlem51 & ! ,pr9t]s1 h sp>$ no pa9s to r5d] ! volume cr$itable to ! local press4 ,9 addition to ! au?orities cit$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! "w1 ,la ,tapiss]ie de ,bayeux1 dition v>iorum1 p> ,m4 ,a*ille ,jub9al1 has be5 cont9ually be=e ! eye ( ! writ]4 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 #ac? ( ,octob]1 #ahee1 7,eve ( ! ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,battle ( ,ha/+s47 ,,! ,,bayeux ,,tape/ry4 ,i4 ,,! ,,roll4 8,!re %e weaves1 by night & day1 ,a magic web ) col\rs gay40 ,t5nyson4 ,ma/] ,wace1 to :om we are indebt$ = 8! mo/ m9ute1 graphic1 & animat$ acc\nt ( ! transactions0#a ( ! ,norman ,conque/1 ?us exalts ! art ( ! *ronicl]--8,all ?+s ha/5 to decay2 all fall2 all p]i%2 all come to an end4 ,man die?1 iron consume?1 wood decaye?2 t[]s crumble1 /rong walls fall d[n1 ! rose )]e? away2 ! w>-horse waxe? feeble1 gay trapp+s gr[ old2 all ! works ( m5 p]i%4 ,?us we are taught t all die1 bo? cl]k & lay2 & %ort w\ld be ! fame ( any aft] dea? if _! hi/ory did n endure by be+ writt5 9 ! book ( ! cl]k40#b ,! p5 ( ! writ] ( romance is n ! only implem5t :i* conf]s immortality ^u man4 ,! *isel ( ! sculptor1 ! p5cil ( ! pa9t]1 & ! ne$le ( ! high-born dame1 c conf] a la/+ r5[n ^u ^? ^: de$s are wor?y ( be+ rememb]$4 ,! "w :i* we are ab\t to consid] 0 effect$ by ! simple/ ( ^! implem5ts--! ne$le4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ modes ( transmitt+ ! hi/ory ( important transactions to po/]ity 0 by record+ !m 9 long l9es ( pictorial repres5tation4 ,9 ! temples ( ,nimr\d1 9 ! sepul*res ( ,egypt1 9 ! sculptures :i* entw9e ! columns ( ,trajan & ,anton9e at ,rome1 we h famili> examples ( ! practice4 ,! ,bayeux record is a l>ge roll ( hi/oric draw+s r ?an a piece ( tape/ry2 & x is rem>kable z be+ ! la/ example ( ?is species ( repres5tation :i* antiquity has h&$ d[n to u4 ,9 ! days ( ! ,conqu]or1 & ( "s ( 8 ,saxon pr$ecessors1 ! ladies ( ,engle-l& 7 fam\s = _! ta/e & skill 9 embroid]y2 & ?is species ( lady-l manufacture 0 kn[n ?r\gh\t ,europe z ,engli% "w4#c ,"o effect ( ! ,conque/ 0 to br+ ! p ( ,engl& & ,norm&y into clos] alliance ?an be=e4 ,on ! fir/ occasion on :i* ,william return$ to ,norm&y1 aft] ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 he took ) him1 89 hon\rable att5dance10 a consid]able numb] ( ! ,saxon nobles1#d :o 7 d\btless accompani$ by _! wives & daught]s4 ,assi/$ by ,engli% ladies1 z well z by ^? ( h] own c\rt1 ,matilda1 ! wife ( ! ,conqu]or1 probably at ?is "t con/ruct$ ! ,tape/ry :i* = _m ages 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,bayeux4 ,nev]1 p]haps1 0 s important a docum5t writt5 9 wor/$4 ,x is a full & a fai?ful *ronicle ( an ev5t on :i* ! mod]n hi/ory ( ! _w has turn$4 ,x is ref]r$ to z an hi/orical au?ority by ne>ly e writ] :o discusses ! p]iod4 ,! way 9 :i* ! subject is treat$1 ! _s %[n 9 its design1 & ! h>mony ( its col\r+1 w>rant u 9 pron\nc+ x to be a monum5t wor?y ( its reput$ au?or1 & ( ! ev5t :i* x is design$ to commemorate4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a d\ble memorial2 x is a record ( ! love & duty ( ,william's consort1 z well z ( ! skill & val\r ( ! great h]o himself4 ,a lov+ wife sympa?izes ) h] husb& 9 all 8 ta/es4 ,%e takes an en?usia/ic int]e/ 9 8 fav\rite pursuits2 & %e _h 8lev] f>10 to use an expression ( ,lady ,payson's1 t success att5d$ 8 ef=ts--t ano!r leaf 7 add$ to 8 laurel cr[n--8?an t %e %\ld h a new g[n1 ?\gh x 7 ( sc>let40 ,matilda c\ld n be/ride ! w>-horse1 & d battle 9 ! field by h] husb&'s side2 b %e c\ld commit 8 exploits to ! ,tape/ry4 ,surr\nd$ by h] ladies1 all adroitly us+ _! _m-col\r$ ?reads1 %e-- ,f\ght all 8 battles o'er aga92 ,& ?rice %e r\t$ all 8 foes1 & ?rice %e slew ! sla94 ,matilda 01 dur+ ! great] "p ( h] life1 a lov+ wife4 ,william1 too1 0 a devot$ & fai?ful husb&2 ?\gh 9 "o case he _c be recomm5d$ z a model to enam\r$ swa9s4 ,x is said t = sev5 long ye>s he c\rt$ ,matilda ( ,fl&]s1 b 9 va94 ,h] affections 7 set ^u a ,saxon nobleman1 b 7 n reciprocat$4 ,at l5g? ! ,duke resolv$ to br+ matt]s to a crisis4 ,he repair$ to ,bruges1 & met ! high-br$ damsel z %e return$ f *ur* ?r\gh ! /reets ( h] fa!r's gay capital4 ,hav+ reproa*$ h] = h] long-cont9u$ scorn & cruelty1 he seiz$ h]1 & coolly roll$ h] 9 ! mud1 to ! no small injury ( h] trim & co/ly attire4 ,!n1 aft] a few m /rik+ pro(s ( 8 reg>d1 :i* %e mu/ h s5sibly felt f su* a h&1 ! lov] rode away at full spe$1 leav+ h] to acc\nt = ?is novel mode ( c\rt%ip z be/ %e c\ld4 ,/rangely en\gh1 %e put a *>itable con/ruction ^u 8 actions2 %e reg>d$ 8 bl[s z s _m pro(s ( ! viol5ce ( 8 affection2 %e felt sorry = him2 & !n--all 0 ov]--9 a v brief space ! nuptial c]emonies 7 solemniz$ ) a spl5d\r becom+ ! greatness ( ! occasion4#e ,?us did ,william w9 ! h& ( a lady :o 0 to give to ,engl& a race ( mon>*s m r5[n$ ?an ^? ( any o!r dyna/y4 ,%e h]self1 let x be obs]v$1 _h ! blood ( ,alfr$ 9 h] ve9s4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r1 x may be well to give a brief reply to ! "q :i* w naturally arise 9 ! m9ds ( mo/--,has ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry desc5d$ to u f a p]iod s remote z t ( ! ,conque/8 ,a m9ute exam9ation ( ! "w supplies ! be/ answ] to ?is "q4 ,montfaucon1 ^: k ( antiquities no "o w dispute1 & :o 0 ! fir/ to describe ! ,tape/ry z a :ole1 0 q satisfi$ t popul> tradition 0 correct 9 ascrib+ x to ! wife ( ! ,conqu]or2 & ,?i]ry1 ! la/ & able/ writ] ^u ! ,norman ,conque/1 ?\gh he hesitates to ascribe ! "w to ,matilda1 has no d\bt t x is contemporane\s ) ! ,conque/1 & con/antly ref]s to x z a docum5t ( unque/ionable au!nticity4#f ,n1 h[ev]1 to settle ! "q by au?orities1 x may be obs]v$3--#a/4 ,t ! fulness & correctness ( its hi/orical details prove t x is a contemporane\s *ronicle4 ,wace1 z has already be5 obs]v$1 treats m l>gely ( ! ,norman invasion ?an any ( ! writ]s ( ! ,norman p]iod2 &1 su* is ! g5]al agreem5t betwe5 ! v]ses ( ! "o & ! del9eations ( ! o!r1 t ! ,tape/ry may be pron\nc$ to be :at 9 ^! latt] days w\ld be call$ ! 8illu/rations10 & ! n>rative ( ! *ronicl] ! 8lett]-press10 ( an elaborate hi/ory ( ! ,norman ,conque/4#g ,& yet ! "o does n foll[ ! o!r slavi%ly4 ,:il/ !y agree 9 all ! g5]al facts1 !y diff] 9 _m m9ute details1 z all indep5d5t n>ratives w4 #b4 ,aga91 ! ar*itecture1 ! dresses1 ! arm\r1 ! furniture1 ( ! ,tape/ry are ^? :i* prevail$ at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/1 & at no o!r4 ,x is at all times exce$+ly difficult1 :e!r by writ+ or pa9t+1 to portray accurately ! mann]s1 language1 & modes ( ?\ght1 ( an ant]ior p]iod4 ,9 m$ival times1 h[ev]1 ! attempt 0 seldom made4 ,! draftsm5 repres5t$ ! mann]s 8liv+ z !y rose40 8,x 0 ! inv>iable practice ) arti/s 9 e c\ntry10 says ,mr4 ,*>les ,/o?>d1#h 8except+ ,italy1 dur+ ! middle ages1 :atev] subject !y took 9 h&1 to repres5t x accord+ to ! mann]s & cu/oms ( _! own "t4 ,?us we may see ,alex&] ! ,great1 l a good ,ca?olic1 int]r$ ) all ! rites & c]emonies ( ! ,romi% *ur*4 ,all ! illum9at$ transcripts ( ,froiss>t1 al?\gh execut$ n m ?an fifty ye>s aft] ! orig9al "w 0 f9i%$1 are less valuable on acc\nt ( ! illum9ations !y conta9 n be+ accordant ) ! text1 b repres5t+ ! cu/oms ( ! fifte5? c5tury in/ead ( ! f\rte5?4 ,x is n likely t 9 an age f> less ref9$ ?is practice %\ld be dep>t$ f4 ,! ,tape/ry1 !re=e1 mu/ be reg>d$ z a true picture ( ! "t :5 x 0 execut$40 ,! te/imony ( an e>li] au?ority1 ,/rutt1 is to ! same effect3--8,to a total want ( prop] ta/e 9 collect+ ( antiquities1 & application to ! /udy ( !m1 are ow+ ! ignorant errors committ$ by ! unle>n$ illum9ators ( old ,,mss42 & s f> 7 !y f hav+ ! lea/ idea ( any ?+ m anci5t ?an ! mann]s & cu/oms ( _! own p>ticul> times1 t n only ?+s ( a c5tury e>li] ?an _! own era1 are conf\nd$ toge!r1 b ev5 repres5tations ( ! remote/ p]iods 9 hi/ory4 ,! ,saxons put ,noah1 ,abraham1 ,*ri/1 & ,k+ ,edg>1 all 9 ! same habit1 t is1 ! habit worn by !mselves at t "t2 & 9 "s ,,mss41 illum9at$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ! ,six?1 are exhibit$ ! figures ( ,meleag]1 ,h]cules1 ,jason1 c41 9 ! full dress ( ! great lords ( t pr9ce's c\rt4 ,at ! latt] end ( "o ( ^! ,,mss41 inde$1 ! illum9ator1 read+ some?+ ab\t a lion's sk91 has cov]$ ! %\ld]s ( ! beau ,h]cules ) t k+ly animal's hide ov] 8 c\rtly load ( silk & gold embroid]y4 ,yet ?is is a lucky circum/ance 9 ! pres5t want ( anci5t mat]ials2 = ?\gh ^! pictures d n be> ! lea/ resemblance ( ! ?+s !y 7 orig9ally int5d$ to repres5t1 yet !y nev]!less are ! und\bt$ *>act]i/ics ( ! cu/oms ( t p]iod 9 :i* ea* illum9ator or design] liv$40#i ,a comp>ison ( ,ma/] ,wace ) ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry w furni% u ) an illu/ration 9 po9t4 ,wace1 aft] allud+ to ! negotiations :i* took place be=e ! armies clos$ at ! decisive field ( ,ha/+s1 says1 8,z ! ,duke said ?is1 & w\ld h said m1 ,william ,fitz ,osb]n rode up1 8 horse all cov]$ ) iron2 ,sire1 said he to 8 "l1 we t>ry too long1 let u arm ourselves4 ,allons6 ,allons60#aj ,n[1 if we look at ! ,tape/ry1 we %all f9d t n a s+le horse is equipp$ 9 /eel arm\r2 & if we ref] to ! au?ors :o liv$ at t p]iod1 we %all f9d t n "o ( !m m5tions any def5sive cov]+ = ! horse4 ,wace1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! days ( ,h5ry ,i4 & ,h5ry ,,ii41 is ! fir/ writ] :o m5tions horse-arm\r1 &1 except+ f ! passage :i* has j be5 quot$1 x c\ld n be prov$ t x _h be5 introduc$ ev5 9 8 day4 ,wace is !re=e probably guilty ( an ana*ronism1 & describes :at happ5$ at ! close ( 8 own "t z hav+ occurr$ 9 t ( 8 imm$iate pr$ecessors4#aa ,?is example %[s h[ exce$+ly difficult x is to portray cu/oms ) accuracy a few ye>s aft] ! p]iod 9 :i* !y prevail$4 ,_h ! ,tape/ry be5 made by ,matilda ! ,empress1 z "s cont5d1 num]\s simil> ana*ronisms mu/ h occurr$4 #c4 ,b ! design ( ! ,tape/ry %[s its e>ly date4 ,its manife/ object is to prove ! "r ( ,william to ! ?rone ( ,engl&1 to exhibit 9 /rong col\rs ! undutifulness & +ratitude ( ,h>old 9 attempt+ ! usurpation ( ! cr[n1 & to record ! puni%m5t ) :i* t disloyal & sacrilegi\s act 0 visit$4#ab ,9 ! latt] days ( ! ,conqu]or su* an und]tak+ w\ld h be5 valueless4 ,he _h plant$ 8 foot firmly ^u ! necks ( ! native population2 ! b>ons1 too1 by :om he a*iev$ ! ,conque/1 _h be5 br\ght into subjection4 ,he 0 k+ ( ,engl& by ! p[] ( 8 sword2 he c>$ n !n ab\t ! w ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 ! oa? ( ,h>old1 or ! election ( ! nobles--he 0 k+ de facto1 & let !m :o dur/ d5y x6 ,^! rem>ks1 made ) ref]5ce to ! close ( ! ,conqu]or's reign1 apply ) /ill great] =ce to ! "t ( ! ,empress ,matilda1 to :om1 z "s conceive1 we are indebt$ = ! ,tape/ry4#ac ,%e w\ld n h ?\ght x necess>y to e/abli% 9 s elaborate a mann] h] deceas$ gr&fa!r's "r to ! ?rone1 & to display at su* l5g? ! obligations "u :i* ,h>old lay to him4 ,! ,brittany campaign w\ld n h be5 giv5 9 su* detail except+ x _h be5 q a rec5t ev5t4 ,! ,tape/ry1 x w be obs]v$1 ends ) ! battle ( ,ha/+s4 ,x does n ev5 include ! subsequ5t coronation ( ,william4 ,x repres5ts ! fir/ act 9 ! drama ( ! ,conque/ ( ,engl&1 & 0 d\btless int5d$ to prep>e = ! sc5es :i* 7 to foll[4 ,x is difficult to conceive t ! ,tape/ry 0 design$ at any p]iod save t imm$iately subsequ5t to ! battle ( ,ha/+s4 ,william _h n !n assum$ ! "* ( an arbitr>y mon>*1 :i* he subsequ5tly did4 ,! ,saxon ladies1 full ( rev]5ce = ! "* ( _! lately deceas$ mon>*1 ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 might naturally res5t ! attempt ( ,h>old to resi/ ! evid5t wi% ( t mon>* to bequea? 8 cr[n to ,william1 &1 imbu$ ) ! sup]/ition ( an ignorant age1 reg>d ! fatal results ( ! battle ( ,ha/+s z a j judgm5t f ,god = ! violation ( an oa? tak5 ^u ! relics ( ! sa9ts4 ,tak+ ?is view ( x !re 0 no?+ unpatriotic 9 _! ent]+ zeal\sly into ! views ( _! que54 ,b if1 aft] ,engl& _h reap$ ! bitt] fruits ( ! conque/2 if1 aft] _! fa!rs _h be5 sla91 _! husb&s driv5 into exile1 _! *ildr5 made to h]d ) ! dogs ( ! ,conqu]or's flock1 !y _h l5t _! skill to commemorate ! desolation ( _! c\ntry & _! homes1 !y w\ld h di%on\r$ _! l9eage & _! "n4 ,on ^! g5]al gr\nds1 !re=e1 we may conceive ! ,tape/ry to be ( ! era ( ! ,conqu]or1 & to date f an e>ly p]iod 9 8 reign4 ,_m opportunities ( rev]t+ to ?is subject w aft]w>ds occur4 ,b al?\gh x be admitt$ t ! ,tape/ry is ( ! age ( ! ,conque/1 x does n necess>ily foll[ t x 0 wr\ght by ! ,que5 & h] c\rt4 ,! op9ion t ,matilda presid$ ov] its execution has be5 /rongly controv]t$1 *iefly by ^?1 h[ev]1 :o d5y its e>ly antiquity4 ,! ,abb de la ,rue1 z =m]ly obs]v$1 ascribes x to ,matilda ! ,empress4 ,mr4 ,bolton ,corney1 9 an able pap] entitl$ ,rese>*es & ,conjectures on ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 cont5ds t x 0 n execut$ until ! ye> #abje1 & t x 0 !n done at ! exp5se ( ! ,*apt]4 ,dr4 ,l+>d adopts ,mr4 ,corney's views1 & 9 a note app5d$ to ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl& cond5ses 8 argum5ts4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! ,tape/ry be> int]nal evid5ce ( an e>li] date1 ^! argum5ts are ( little value4 ,no contempor>y hi/orian inde$ tells u t ! ,tape/ry 0 made by ,matilda4 ,x is n m5tion$ 9 h] w1 or ! ,conqu]or's4 ,! inv5tory ( ! treasures ( ! *ur* at ,bayeux1 be>+ date #acfi1 & :i* is ! e>lie/ docum5t m5tion+ ! ,tape/ry1 conta9s no allusion to ,matilda4 ,ano!r inv5tory1 made 9 #adgf1 & pr(ess+ to be a descriptive catalogue ( ! jewels1 ornam5ts1 books1 & o!r valuables ( ! *ur*1 m5tions ! ,tape/ry1 describes its =m & subject1 & names ! p]iod ( its public exhibition2 b gives no h9t t x 0 made at ! comm& ( ,matilda4 ,x is difficult1 x may ev5 be impossible1 satisfactorily to acc\nt = ! abs5ce ( all allusion to ! ,que5 9 ^! docum5ts1 b negative argum5ts prove little4 ,besides1 ! case is by no means s+ul>4 ,! compil]s ( anci5t docum5ts seem to h left mu* to be tak5 = grant$4 ,sir ,h5ry ,ellis1 9 8 ,g5]al ,introduction to ,domesday1 says1 8,( ,que5 ,matilda's gifts to =eign mona/]ies1 two only are p>ticul>ly specifi$ 9 ! ,survey2 ! l& at ,dev]el 9 ,wilts1 :i* %e gave to ,/4 ,m>y at ,bee2 & two hides at ,frantone 9 ,dorset1 :i* %e gave to ! ,conqu]or's f\ndation ( ,/4 ,/eph5 at ,ca54 ,no m5tion occurs ( ! ,conqu]or & 8 ,que5 hav+ f\nd$ ! mona/]ies ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ! ,holy ,tr9ity 9 t city3 al?\gh _! l&s 9 ,engl& are specifi$40#ad ,x is sc>cely less difficult to acc\nt = ^! omissions 9 ! ,domesday ,book1 ?an x is to acc\nt = ! abs5ce ( all allusion to ! fram] ( ! ,tape/ry by contempor>y writ]s4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( direct evid5ce1 we are ?r[n ^u probabilities4 ,& :at is m likely ?an t ! op9ion :i* ,montfaucon f\nd prevail+ at ,bayeux :5 he discov]$ ! ,tape/ry is ! correct "o8 ,z ! ,abb de la ,rue himself argues1 8,to h und]tak5 ?is ,tape/ry w\ld h requir$ a consid]able degree ( int]e/ 9 ! subject ( x1 & to h possess$ ! necess>y p[]s = its execution40#ae ,:o c be suppos$ to h _h s great an int]e/ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,conqu]or's "r to ! ?rone ( ,engl& z ,matilda ( ,fl&]s1 & :o b h]self w\ld h be5 at ! tr\ble ( ass]t+ x 9 su* full detail8 ,w\ld any "o b an imm$iate connexion ( ! ,duke's h tak5 su* prom95t notice ( ! rescue ( ,h>old f 8 captivity 9 ,pon?ieu1 & ( 8 subsequ5t fri5dly int]c\rse ) ,william 9 ,brittany2 & w\ld ev5 ,matilda h]self h done ?is if ! ,tape/ry _h be5 prep>$ aft] ! /up5d\s results ( ! battle ( ,ha/+s _h fully develop$ !mselves8 ,dr4 ,l+>d1 9 appeal+ to ! roll itself1 says1 8,nor does ! co/l9ess ( ! "w bespeak a royal b5efactor40 8,!re is 9 x no embroid]y ( gold1 none ( silv]1 none ( silk1 no?+ wor?y ! rank or ! munific5ce ( ! suppos$ donor40 ,_h ! article 9 "q be5 a royal robe1 or sac]dotal ve/m5t1 ! omission ( ! preci\s metals might h be5 unacc\ntable2 b 9 a piece ( embroid]y ( su* ext5t1 x is no?+ wond]ful4 ,nei!r %\ld ! arti/ic value ( ! docum5t be ov]look$4 ,its figures may appe> unc\? 9 our eyes1 b !y are done 9 ! v be/ /yle ( ! p]iod4 ,a p]son ( ord9>y res\rces c\ld n h comm&$1 to ! ext5t requir$1 ! s]vices ( ! able/ arti/s ( ! day4 ,! prep>ation ( ! ,tape/ry mu/ h be5 a co/ly & labori\s process1 n at all unwor?y ( ! wife ( ! victor ( ,ha/+s4#af ,:at is m likely1 !n1 ?an t ! traditional op9ion :i* ,montfaucon f\nd prevail+ 9 8 day at ,bayeux is well f\nd$1 & t to ! fir/ ( our ,norman ,que5s we are indebt$ = ?is mo/ wond]ful piece ( ne$le-"w8 ,al?\gh ! actual execution ( ! ,tape/ry devolv$ ^u ! ladies ( ,matilda's c\rt1 !re c be no d\bt t !y wr\ght f a design prep>$ by "s draftsman4 ,! prie/s 7 ! pr9cipal arti/s ( t day4 ,! ,lat9 inscriptions prove t 9 t "p ( _! "w1 at lea/1 ! ladies _h ! assi/ance ( "s educat$ p]son4 ,! "n ( ! design] has n come d[n to u2 unless inde$ !re be tru? 9 ! foll[+ /atem5t made by ,miss ,agnes ,/rickl&3--8,?is pictorial *ronicle ( h] mighty consort's a*ievem5ts appe>s to h be51 9 "p at lea/1 design$ = ,matilda by ,turold1 a dw>f arti/1 :o mov$ by a natural desire ( claim+ 8 %>e 9 ! celebrity :i* he =esaw w\ld atta* to ! "w1 has cunn+ly introduc$ 8 own effigies & "n1#ag ?us au!nticat+ ! ,norman tradition1 t he 0 ! p]son :o illum9at$ ! canvas ) ! prop] outl9es & col\rs40#ah ,?\gh ignorant ( ! individual :o design$ ! ,tape/ry1 ! /yle ( ! "w induces u to believe t ! arti/ 0 an ,italian4 ,! po/ures into :i* _m ( ! figures are ?r[n are n ,engli% or ,fr5*1 b ,italian4#ai ,! cordiality subsi/+ at ! "t ( ! ,conque/ betwe5 ! c\rts ( ,norm&y & ,rome1 & ! successful exhibition ( ,norman pr[ess = "s "t previ\sly on ! pla9s ( ! ,italian p59sula1 suffici5tly acc\nt = ! introduction ( ! peculi>ities ( s\!rn ,europe into ! ,tape/ry4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 we h act$ ra%ly 9 hav+ v5tur$ ev5 ?us cursorily to t\* ^u ! antiquity ( ! ,tape/ry4 ,miss ,agnes ,/rickl&1 :o1 9 h] ,lives ( ! ,que5s ( ,engl&1 %[s h[ vigor\sly %e c wield ! p51 is r indignant t any "o :o is n le>n$ 9 cross-/it*1 %\ld v5ture to discuss ! subject4 ,be=e we argue1 %e wants to "k if we c sew4 ,%e says1 8,) due def]5ce to ! judgm5t ( ! lords ( ! creation on all subjects connect$ ) policy & sci5ce1 we v5ture to ?9k t our le>n$ fri5ds1 ! ar*ologi/s & antiqu>ies1 w\ld d well to direct _! intellectual p[]s to m mascul9e objects ( inquiry1 & leave ! "q ( ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry 7) all o!r matt]s alli$ to ne$le-craft7 to ! decision ( ! ladies1 to ^: prov9ce x belongs4 ,x is matt] ( d\bt to u :e!r "o1 out ( ! _m g5tlem5 :o h disput$ ,matilda's claims to t "w1 if call$ ^u to execute a copy ( ei!r ( ! figures on canvas1 w\ld "k h[ to put 9 ! fir/ /it*40#bj ,few ( ! r\gh] sex w\ld l to be put to !exp]im5tum acus1 & !re=e x may be z well at once to ex]cise ! be/ "p ( val\r1 & beat a ha/y retreat4 ,! att5tion ( ! le>n$ _w 0 fir/1 9 mod]n times1 call$ to ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry by ,m4 ,lancelot1 :o 9 #agbd f\nd a draw+ ( a portion ( x 9 ! ,cab9et ( ,antiquities at ,p>is4 ,he 0 /ruck ) its appe>ance1 & at once pron\nc$ x to be ( ! age ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & int5d$ to commemorate 8 exploits2 b he 0 unable to conjecture :e!r ! draw+ repres5t$ a bass-relief1 a piece ( sculpture surr\nd+ a *oir ( a *ur* or a tomb1 a pa9t+ 9 fresco or ^u a glass w9d[1 or ev51 he adds1 if x be a piece ( tape/ry4 ,he conceiv$ t ! orig9al w\ld be f\nd at ,ca54 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 sugge/ion1 ,fa!r ,montfaucon made dilig5t inquiries1 &1 aft] "s tr\ble1 f\nd ! ,tape/ry1 n at ,ca51 b at ,bayeux4 ,he asc]ta9$ t x 0 !re popul>ly ascrib$ to ,que5 ,matilda4#ba ,m4 ,lancelot fur!r in=ms u t x 0 ord9>ily call$ 9 ! c\ntry ,la ,toilette de ,duc ,guillaume4 ,at t p]iod1 & = long aft]w>ds1 x 0 kept 9 a side *apel ( ! ca!dral1 roll$ ^u a k9d ( w9*1 & 0 expos$ to public view only once a ye>1 on ! fe/ival ( ! relics 7,july #a71 & dur+ ! octave4 ,on ^! occasions x 0 hung up 9 ! nave ( ! *ur*1 :i* x completely surr\nd$4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahjc1 :5 ,bonap>te1 !n ,fir/ ,consul ( ,france1 contemplat$ ! invasion ( ,engl&1 ! ,tape/ry 0 br\ght f its obscurity at ,bayeux1 & exhibit$ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,p>is1 :]e x rema9$ "s mon?s4 ,! ,fir/ ,consul himself w5t to see x1 & affect$ to be /ruck ) t p>ticul> "p 7,plate ,,vii47 :i* repres5ts ! appe>ance ( a meteor presag+ ! defeat ( ,h>old3 af=d+ an opportunity = ! inf]5ce1 t ! meteor :i* _h !n be5 lately se5 9 ! s\? ( ,france 0 ! prelude to a simil> ev5t4 ,! exhibition 0 popul>2 s mu* s1 t a small dramatic piece 0 got up at ! ,!atre du ,vaudeville1 entitl$ ,la ,tapiss]ie de la ,re9e ,ma?ilde1 9 :i* ,matilda 0 repres5t$ pass+ h] "t ) h] wom5 9 embroid]+ ! exploits ( h] husb&1 nev] leav+ _! "w1 except to put up pray]s = 8 success4 ,at pres5t ! ,tape/ry is pres]v$ 9 ! t[n's libr>y at ,bayeux1 :]e x is advantage\sly expos$ to view by be+ ext5d$ 9 eight l5g?s f end to end ( ! room1 & is at ! same "t protect$ f injury by be+ cov]$ ) glass4 ,! ,tape/ry has orig9ally =m$ "o piece1 & measures two hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 feet 9 l5g?1 by ab\t tw5ty in*es 9 bread?4 ,! gr\ndwork ( x is a /rip ( r f9e l95 clo?1 :i*1 ?r\gh age1 has assum$ ! t+e ( br[n holl&4 ,! /it*es consi/ ( l9es ( col\r$ wor/$ laid side by side1 & b\nd d[n at int]vals ) cross fa/5+s2 z is se5 9 ! frontispiece1 :i* repres5ts a portion ( ! ,tape/ry ( ! orig9al size4 ,! p>ts int5d$ to repres5t fle% 7! face1 h&s1 or nak$ legs ( ! m57 are left unt\*$ by ! ne$le4 ,consid]+ ! age ( ! ,tape/ry1 x is 9 a rem>kably p]fect /ate4 ,! fir/ portion ( x is some:at injur$1 & ! la/ five y>ds ( x are v mu* defac$4 ,! col\rs *iefly us$ by ! fair arti/s are--d>k & light blue1 r$1 p9k1 yell[1 buff1 & d>k & light gre54 ,on exam9+ ?is int]e/+ relic1 ,i 0 /ruck ) no?+ s mu* z ! fre%ness ( ! col\rs2 & c entirely subscribe to ! words ( ,mr4 ,hudson ,gurney1 9 ! ,ar*ologia1 8! col\rs are z bright & di/9ct1 & ! lett]s ( ! sup]scriptions z legible1 z if ( ye/]day40 ,p]spective & light & %ade are :olly disreg>d$4 ,an ef=t is made1 by v>y+ ! col\rs employ$1 to avoid ! confusion aris+ f ?is circum/ance3 ?us1 :ile ! leg ( a horse :i* is ne>e/ to ! spectator is pa9t$ blue1 ! "o m remov$ w be col\r$ r$2 or if ! "o be p9k1 ! o!r may be a gre5i% yell[4 ,! col\rs1 ow+ probably to ! re/rict$ ext5t ( !m at ! comm& ( ,matilda1 are employ$ some:at fancifully1 & we h horses exhibit$ to u ( hues :i*1 c\ld !y be realiz$ 9 liv+ specim5s 9 ,hyde ,p>k n[-a-days1 w\ld attract ! envy & admiration ( all behold]s4 ,not)/&+ ! lib]ty ?us tak51 ! h>mony ( ! col\r+ is su*1 t p]sons may look at ! ,tape/ry = "s "t )\t discov]+ t tru?1 9 ?is p>ticul>1 has be5 9 any degree violat$4 ,mr4 ,dawson ,turn] rem>ks1 t 89 po9t ( draw+1 ! figures are sup]ior to ! contempor>y sculpture at ,/4 ,george's & else:]e2 & ! p]=mance is n defici5t 9 en]gy40#bb ,z we exam9e ! figures 9 detail1 we %all h occasion to notice ! _s & ! expression :i* ! arti/ has infus$ into 8 "w4 ,besides ! pr9cipal subject1 :i* occupies ! c5tral portion ( ! ,tape/ry1 !re is an ornam5tal bord] at ! top & bottom ( ! field1 :i* is fill$ ) a v>iety ( repres5tations4 ,"h ! arti/ has indulg$ 9 a consid]able play ( fancy4 ,figures ( birds & bea/s :i* c]ta9ly nev] came out ( ,noah's ark are admitt$ into ?is m5ag]ie4 ,probably _m ( ^! =ms repres5t ! griff9s1 c5taurs1 & o!r fabul\s creatures :i* occupy s conspicu\s a place 9 ! romances ( ! p]iod4 ,o!rs cle>ly repres5t animals1 su* z ! camel & lion1 ) :i* ! p ( t age c\ld n be v famili>1 b :i* w\ld1 on t acc\nt1 furni% subjects ( ?\ght & conv]sation all ! m excit+4 ,9 ! l[] bord] ( ! roll1 ne> ! beg9n+1 are "s repres5tations ( ! fables ( sop4 ,!re is ! cr[ & ! fox1 ! wolf & ! lamb1 ! crane & ! wolf1 ! eagle & ! tortoise1 & "s o!rs4 ,besides ^! subjects1 we h _m ( ! op]ations ( husb&ry1 su* z pl\gh+1 s[+1 & h>r[+4 ,! sports ( ! field are n neglect$4 ,"o man is se5 %oot+ birds ) a sl+4 ,at ?is p]iod ! sl+ _h q gone into disuse z a weapon ( w>1 b 0 probably long aft]w>ds reta9$ = ! purposes ( ! sportsman4 ,9 "o comp>tm5t1 a man is se5 fight+1 sword 9 h&1 ) a be> t is *a9$ to a tree4 ,9 ano!r1 ! huntsman summons 8 dogs to ! *ase4 ,9 "s portions ( ! ,tape/ry ! bord] has an evid5t ref]5ce to ! ma9 subject ( ! piece2 t[>ds ! end ( ! "w ! :ole ( ! l[] m>g9 is fill$ ) ! bodies ( ! sla91 ?us =m+ x1 z x 71 ! =egr\nd ( ! g5]al del9eation4 ,! :ole picture is divid$ into sev5ty-two comp>tm5ts or sc5es1 :i* are g5]ally sep>at$ f "o ano!r by trees1 or :at are int5d$ to repres5t su*4 ,! arti/1 v mode/ly mi/ru/+ 8 own p[]s1 has usually affix$ an inscription1 9 ,lat91 to ea* subject1 ! m fully to expla9 8 int5tion4 ,! lett]s1 l ! figures1 are /it*$ 9 wor/$1 & are ab\t an in* 9 l5g?4 ,t ! ,tape/ry %\ld f a p]iod beyond all record h belong$ to ! *ur* ( ,bayeux is no?+ surpris+4 ,odo1 ! ut]9e bro!r ( ,william1 :o r5d]$ ! ,conqu]or su* effici5t assi/ance 9 ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 & 9 ! subsequ5t gov]nm5t ( ! k+dom1 0 ar*bi%op ( t place4 ,matilda may1 ) great propriety h giv5 x to him 9 ackn[l$gem5t ( 8 s]vices1 & he ) equal probability1 = he 0 v munific5t to 8 *ur*1 may h giv5 x to ! ,*apt]4 ,!re is no o!r p]iod at :i* x c\ld ) s mu* probability h come into ! possession ( ! ecclesia/ics ( ,bayeux z dur+ ! episcopate ( ,odo4#bc ,,ii4 ,,! ,,commission4 8,all hail1 ,macbe?6 t %alt be k+ h]eaft]40 ,macbe?4 ,v frequ5tly ! means :i* we adopt to secure our ends are ^? by :i* ,provid5ce designs to ?w>t !m4 ,dur+ t disa/r\s p]iod :5 ,engl& 0 subject to ! incessant depr$ations ( ! ,danes1 ,e!lr$ ,,ii4 contract$ a m>riage ) ,emma1 a daught] ( ,ri*>d ,i41 ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,e!lr$'s conduct to 8 wife prov$ t ! mat* 0 n "o ( affection2 8 object evid5tly 0 to obta9 ! assi/ance ( ! p[]ful h\se ( ,rollo 9 resi/+ ! attacks ( ! ,vik+s ( ! nor?4 ,in/ead ( do+ ?is1 ! alliance result$ 9 array+ ! ,normans among/ ! enemies ( ,engl&4 ,alfr$ & ,edw>d1 ! sons ( ,e!lr$ & ,emma1 f\nd an asylum 9 ! ,norman c\rt dur+ ! supremacy ( ,sweyn & ,canute4 ,at "o "t an exp$ition 0 9 read9ess to leave ! %ores ( ,norm&y1 ) a view ( plac+ by =ce a son ( ,e!lr$ on ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r4 ,william ( ,malmesbury1 speak+ ( ! two y\?s1 says--8,i f9d t _! uncle ,ri*>d 7,,ii47 took no /eps to re/ore !m to _! c\ntry2 on ! contr>y1 he m>ri$ 8 si/] ,emma to ! enemy & ! invad]4 ,rob]t1 h[ev]1 :om we h s frequ5tly be=e m5tion$ z hav+ gone to ,j]usalem1 assembl+ a fleet & emb>k+ soldi]s1 made ready an exp$ition1 boa/+ t he w\ld set ! cr[n on ! head ( 8 gr&-nephews2 & d\btlessly he w\ld h made good 8 ass]tion1 _h n1 z we h he>d f our ance/ors1 an adv]se w9d con/antly oppos$ him3 b assur$ly ?is 0 by ! hidd5 c\nsel ( ,god1 9 ^: disposal are ! p[]s ( all k+doms4 ,! rema9s ( ! vessels1 decay$ ?r\gh l5g? ( "t1 7 /ill to be se5 at ,r\5 9 our days40#bd ,?us half a c5tury be=e ,william ! ,conqu]or set out ^u 8 exp$ition1 a ,norman invasion loom$ 9 ! di/ance4 ,:il/ ! %ips ( ,rob]t 7 rott+ 9 ! h>b\r ( ,r\51 ,alfr$ & ,edw>d1 ! sons ( ,emma1 7 be+ tra9$ up 9 ! c\rt ( ,norm&y 9 ^? habits & feel+s :i* ev5tually l$ to ! assembl+ ( an armam5t :i* adv]se w9ds 7 n de/9$ to baffle4 ,alfr$ visit+ ,engl&1 0 b>b>\sly murd]$2 ! ,norman *ronicl]s ass]t t ! cruel de$ 0 in/igat$ by ,godw94 ,at l5g?1 by ! dea? ( ,h>dicanute1 a way 0 op5$ = ,edw>d1 aft]w>ds /yl$ ! ,confessor1 to ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 at ! "t ( 8 accession1 z ,camd5 expresses x1 ?or\ghly ,fr5*ifi$4 ,he c\ld sc>cely speak a ^w ( ,engli%4 ,8 c\rt 0 fill$ ) ,normans1 :o usurp$ mo/ ( ! (ficial dignities4 ,:5 advanc+ ye>s compell$ ! mon>* to take "s /eps = secur+ a fitt+ successor to ! ?rone1 8 m9d rev]t$ to ! c\rt ( ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4 ,norm&y4 ,8 imm$iate heir1 ,edg> ,a!l+1 0 too feeble a y\? to be plac$1 9 su* turbul5t times1 9 s responsible a position4 ,:5 ! *oice lay betwe5 ,h>old ! ,saxon & ,william ! ,norman1 ! ,confessor's e>ly pr$ilections necess>ily induc$ him to look fav\rably ^u ! y\?ful head ( 8 "m's h\se4 ,indep5d5tly ( any communications :i* ! ,engli% k+ may h made to ! "y ,duke ( ,norm&y1 ! p>tiality :i* he manife/$ t[>ds him c\ld n fail to nurture 9 ,duke ,william's m9d ! mo/ ambiti\s views4 ,h5ce sprung ! ,norman invasion4 ,we are n[ prep>$ = exam9+ 9 detail ! sc5es depict$ 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,! fir/ comp>tm5t exhibits to u ,edw>d ! ,confessor giv+ audi5ce to two p]sonages ( rank4 ,! k+ is seat$ on a ?rone2 8 feet re/ ^u a foot/ool4 ,a cr[n1 ornam5t$ ) fleurs-de-lis1 is on 8 head1 & he holds a sceptre 9 8 left h&4 ,! robe ( ! mon>* is full1 & is ornam5t$ at ! coll>1 ! wri/s1 & d[n ! front1 probably by ne$le-"w ( gold4 ,simil> ornam5ts appe> ^u 8 knees4 ,! arms & feet ( ! ?rone1 accord+ to ! usage ( ! p]iod1 t]m9ate 9 c>v+s ( ! head & feet ( a dog4 ,! tall] ( ! p]sons wait+ ^u ! k+ is no d\bt ,h>old1 z ! face be>s a /rong resemblance to t ( "o ( ! horsem5 9 ! next gr\p1 :i* ! inscription tells u is ,h>old4 ,a g5]al lik5ess is pres]v$ ?r\gh\t ! ,tape/ry1 bo? 9 ! case ( ,william & ,h>old1 s t we may reasonably suppose t ! del9eations ( ^! p]sonages be> "s resemblance to ! orig9als1 & t !y 7 drawn by an arti/ :o knew !m bo?4 ,edw>d is 9 ! attitude ( a k+ giv+ law to 8 subjects4 ,h>old & 8 companion /& 9 ! royal pres5ce1 bo? to betok5 _! rev]5ce = _! mon>*1 & _! read9ess to dep>t on ! in/ant 9 ! p]=mance ( ! royal behe/s4 ,!y evid5tly pay e>ne/ att5tion to ! comm&s ( ! k+4 ,! subject ( ?is int]view is no d\bt ,h>old's int5d$ exp$ition to ! c\rt ( ,william4 ,unhappily1 !re is no po9t 9 hi/ory respect+ :i* a great] div]sity ( /atem5t exi/s among contempor>y writ]s1 ?an ! visit ( ,h>old to ! c\rt ( ,william4 ,?ree views are tak5 ( x3--"o is1 t ,h>old 0 commission$ by ,edw>d to in=m ! "y ,duke ( ,norm&y t he _h be5 nom9at$ by him z 8 successor to ! ?rone2 ano!r is1 t ,h>old1 :il/ tak+ recreation 9 a fi%+-boat1 0 accid5tally c>ri$ out to sea1 & driv5 on ! %ores ( ,pon?ieu2 ! ?ird is1 t ,h>old _h begg$ p]mission ( ,edw>d to g into ,norm&y1 9 ord] to release f captivity two relatives1 a bro!r & a nephew1 :o1 aft] ,e>l ,godw9's rebellion1 _h be5 plac$ z ho/ages 9 ! h&s ( ! ,norman duke4 ,! "q = u to consid] is :i* is ! view c\nt5anc$ by ! ,tape/ry4 ,un=tunately1 ! inscription ov] ! gr\p is simply ,,edw>d ,,rex1 &1 s1 gives u no def9ite in=mation4 ,x w be well to exam9e ! /atem5ts ( ! *ronicl]s1 & !n comp>e !m ) ! repres5tations ( our wor/$ "w4 ,william ( ,malmesbury says1 8,k+ ,edw>d decl9+ into ye>s1 z he _h no *ildr5 himself1 & saw ! sons ( ,godw9 gr[+ 9 p[]1 despat*$ mess5g]s to ! ,k+ ( ,hung>y to s5d ov] ,edw>d1 ! son ( 8 bro!r ,edmund1 ) all 8 family2 int5d+1 z he decl>$1 t ei!r he1 or 8 sons1 %\ld succe$ to ! h]$it>y k+dom ( ,engl&1 & t 8 own want ( issue %\ld be suppli$ by t ( 8 k9dr$4 ,edw>d came 9 consequ5ce1 b di$ almo/ imm$iately4 ,he left ?ree surviv+ *ildr52 t is to say1 ,edg>1 :o1 aft] ! dea? ( ,h>old1 0 by "s elect$ k+2 & :o1 aft] _m revolutions ( =tune1 is n[ liv+ :olly retir$ 9 ! c\ntry1 9 extreme old age2#be ,*ri/9a1 :o grew old at ,romsey 9 ! habit ( a nun2 & ,m>g>et1 :om ,malcolm ,k+ ( ! ,scots1 esp\s$4444 ,! k+1 9 consequ5ce ( ! dea? ( 8 relation1 los+ 8 fir/ hope ( support1 gave ! succession ( ,engl& to ,william ,e>l ( ,norm&y4 ,he 0 well wor?y ( su* a gift1 be+ a "y man ( sup]ior m9d1 :o _h rais$ himself to ! highe/ em95ce by 8 unwe>i$ ex]tion2 moreov]1 he 0 8 ne>e/ relation by consangu9ity1 z he 0 ! son ( ,rob]t1 ! son ( ,ri*>d ! ,second 7( ,norm&y71 :om we h repeat$ly m5tion$ z ! bro!r ( ,emma1 ,edw>d's "m4 ,"s affirm t ,h>old himself 0 s5t into ,norm&y by ! ,k+ = ?is purpose2 o!rs1 :o knew ,h>old's m secret int5tions1 say1 t be+ driv5 ?i!r aga9/ 8 w by ! viol5ce ( ! w9d1 he imag9$ ?is device1 9 ord] to extricate himself4 ,?is1 z x appe>s ne>e/ ! tru?1 ,i %all relate4 ,h>old be+ at 8 c\ntry seat at ,bo%am1 w5t = recreation on bo>d a fi%+-boat &1 = ! purpose ( prolong+ 8 sport1 put out to sea2 :5 a sudd5 tempe/ aris+1 he 0 driv5 ) 8 companions on ! coa/ ( ,pon?ieu4 ,! p ( t di/rict1 z 0 _! native cu/om1 imm$iately assembl$ f all qu>t]s2 & ,h>old's company1 un>m$ & few 9 numb]1 71 z x might easily be1 quickly ov]p[]$ by an arm$ multitude1 & b\nd h& & foot4 ,h>old1 craftily m$itat+ a rem$y = ?is mis*ance1 s5t a p]son1 :om he _h allur$ by great promises1 to ,william to say1 t he _h be5 s5t into ,norm&y by ! ,k+1 = ! purpose ( expressly confirm+ 9 p]son ! message :i* _h be5 imp]fectly deliv]$ by p ( less au?ority1 b t he 0 deta9$ 9 fett]s by ,guy1 & c\ld n execute 8 embassy4444 ,by ^! means ,h>old 0 lib]at$ at ,william's comm&1 & conduct$ by ,guy 9 p]son40#bf ,ma/] ,wace incl9es to ! op9ion1 t he w5t to rescue ! ho/ages4 ,8 /atem5t is1 8,:5 8 fa!r 7,e>l ,godw97 _h di$1 ,h>old1 pity+ ! ho/ages1 0 desir\s to cross ov] into ,norm&y1 & br+ !m home4 ,s he w5t to take leave ( ! ,k+4 ,b ,edw>d /rictly =bade him1 & *>g$ & conjur$ him n to g to ,norm&y1 nor to speak ) ,duke ,william2 = he might soon be drawn into "s sn>e1 z ! ,duke 0 v %rewd2 & he told him t if he wi%$ to h ! ho/ages home1 he w\ld *oose "s mess5g] = ! purpose4 ,s at lea/ ,i h f\nd ! /ory writt54 ,b ano!r book tells me1 t ! ,k+ ord]$ him to g = ! purpose ( assur+ ,duke ,william1 8 c\s91 t he %\ld h ! realm aft] 8 dea?4 ,h[ ! matt] really 0 ,i nev] knew40#bg ,let u n[ att5d to ! que/ions1 ,h[ are we to reconcile ^! v>i\s /atem5ts1 & :at is ! view tak5 by ! draftsman ( ! ,tape/ry8 ,we mu/ at once ab&on ! fi%+ boat /ory4 ,! prep>ation :i* ,h>old makes = 8 exp$ition1 & ! numb]s he takes ) him1 are irreconcileable ) ?is view4 ,besides1 ! %ips d n seem to be suff]+ f /ress ( wea!r1 &1 accord+ to ! inscription1 ,h>old appe>s to h made a prosp]\s voyage1 ,,et ,,velis ,,v5to ,,pl5is1 ,,v5it ,,9 ,,t]ram ,,widonis ,,comitis--,& 8 sails be+ fill$ ) ! w9d1 he came into ! t]ritory ( ,c\nt ,guy4 ,we mu/ also ab&on ! view :i* repres5ts him z go+ to procure1 9 a direct & op5 mann]1 ! ho/ages :i* ,william held4 ,he knew t ,william 0 z %rewd z he 0 ambiti\s1 & w\ld n be s simple z to give up at 8 reque/1 h[ev] reasonable x might be1 ! only means he _h ( hold+ him 9 re/ra9t4 ,besides1 ! ,tape/ry repres5ts ! ,k+1 9 ! fir/ comp>tm5t1 9 ! attitude ( "o giv+ a comm&1 r ?an adm9i/]+ advice4 ,! int]view :i* ,h>old has ) ! ,k+1 on 8 return1 /r5g!ns ?is view4 7,plate ,,vii47 ,h>old comes into ! pres5ce ( ! ,confessor l a guilty p]son1 deplor+ 8 misde$s & crav+ p>don4 ,an axe1 c>ri$ by an att5dant on ! left ( ! ,k+1 is turn$ t[>ds him1 app>5tly betok5+ t he has committ$ an (f5ce wor?y ( dea?4 ,! ,k+ is evid5tly reprov+ him %>ply1 b ! att5dant on ! "r ( ! ,k+ hav+ ! edge ( 8 axe turn$ away f ,h>old1 %[s t ! result ( ! int]view 0 a p>don4 ,! mon>* 0 9 fact too p[]less to adopt any rigor\s /eps t[>ds s influ5tial a subject z ! son ( ,godw94 ,if ,h>old _h simply fail$ ^u a private err& ( 8 own1 b :i* ! ,k+ _h =ew>n$ him w\ld be a bootless "o1 ! ,k+ w\ld h be5 m dispos$ to laugh at ! tr\ble into :i* he _h br\ght himself ?an take su* s]i\s notice ( 8 conduct4 ,besides1 x is admitt$ on all h&s1 t ,edw>d int5d$ to appo9t ,william z 8 successor1 & mo/ ( ! *ronicl]s agree 9 ass]t+ t ! ,norman _h already receiv$ "s intimation ( x4 ,fur!r1 ,william1 aft] procur+ ! k+dom1 always claim$ to hold x1 among/ o!r pleas1 ,b5eficio concessionis dom9i et cognati mei1 gloriosi ,regis ,edw>di--,by ! devise ( my "l & relative ! glori\s ,k+ ,edw>d4#bh ,n[1 is x likely t a docum5t :i* depict$ ! views ( ! ,norman c\rt w\ld neglect to ins]t s important a title8 ,suppos+ x to be a po9t e/abli%$1 t 9 ! fir/ comp>tm5t ! ,confessor is giv+ ord]s to ,h>old to in=m ,william ( ! hon\rs t await$ him1 & ab&on+1 = ! reasons already /at$1 ! view ( 8 be+ accid5tally ca/ a%ore on ! coa/ ( ,pon?ieu1 we are necess>ily l$ to suppose t he design$ly %ap$ 8 c\rse to t place1 9 ord] to promote 8 own ends4 ,! ,e>l ( ,pon?ieu 0 jeal\s ( ,william's gr[+ p[]1 & _h (t5 be5 9 arms aga9/ him4 ,he _h on "o occasion be5 imprison$ by him = two ye>s4 ,h>old might readily suppose1 t if he c\ld obta9 ! assi/ance ( ,guy1 he might1 by /eal? or /ratagem1 get possession ( ! p]sons ( 8 bro!r & nephew4 ,h5ce1 in/ead ( go+ direct to ,r\51 he seems to h %ap$ 8 c\rse m to ! nor?4 ,he might argue ) himself1 t :5 once he _h got possession ( ! ho/ages1 ! wra? ( ,william1 :i* w\ld no d\bt be ar\s$ by ! proce$+1 w\ld be easily allay$ by 8 putt+ him 9 =mal possession ( ! fact ( 8 be+ appo9t$ by ! pres5t occupant ( ! ,engli% cr[n 8 successor4 ,on ! fir/ view ( ! case1 x seems /range t ,h>old %\ld und]take an err& :i* 0 app>5tly s mu* oppos$ to 8 int]e/s1 or ev5 t ! ,k+ %\ld intru/ him ) su* a commission4 ,h>old1 h[ev]1 c\ld h little objection to make x kn[n t x 0 ! ,k+'s wi% t ,william %\ld be appo9t$ 8 successor2 = x 0 ( "s importance to him1 hav+ an eye to ! cr[n himself1 t ! direct heir %\ld1 at all ev5ts1 be sup]s$$4 ,edg> ,a!l+1 ! next 9 ! succession1 0 a rival 9 ! palace itself2 ,william ! ,norman 0 sep>at$ f him & ! l& ( _! mutual ambition by a b>ri] :i* 0 9 ^? days a v =midable "o--! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,if ,h>old ent]ta9$ ^! views1 he w\ld take c>e to in=m ! ,k+ ( 8 acquiesc5ce 9 8 well kn[n int5tions respect+ ! succession1 & ?us enc\rage him to s5d him ^u 8 pres5t err&4 ,?is me?od ( reconcil+ ! diff]5t views giv5 by ! *ronicl]s ^u ?is involv$ po9t ( ,engli% hi/ory is1 x mu/ be confess$1 purely !oretical2 at ! same "t1 no bett] occurs4 ,h>old has receiv$ 8 commission f ! ,k+2 let u see h[ he fulfils x4 ,he is fir/ se5 rid+ 9 company ) sev]al p]sons ( di/9ction 7z _! dress indicates7 to ! place ( emb>kation4 ,! leg5d "h is1 ,u,,bi ,,h>old ,,dux ,,anglorum ,,et ,,sui ,,milites ,,equitant ,,ad ,,bo%am--,:]e ,h>old ! ,engli% *ief & 8 knights ride to ,bo%am4 ,h>old is repres5t$ twice 9 ?is gr\p 7by no means an unusual ?+1 z we %all aft]w>ds see72 once1 lift+ up 8 h&1 z if 9 ! attitude ( comm&2 & aga91 ) 8 hawk ^u 8 fi/1 to betok5 8 high rank2 a pack ( h\nds are scamp]+ be=e him4 ,! hawk & ! h\nds require a few words ( rem>k4 ,x is well kn[n to p]sons conv]sant 9 antiquity1 t ! great m5 ( ^? times _h only two ways ( be+ acc\t]$ :5 !y set out ^u a j\rney2 ei!r 9 ! habilim5ts ( w>1 or = ! *ase4 ,h>old1 z go+ on an err& ( peace1 we f9d "h repres5t$ 9 ! latt]4 ,! bird ^u ! fi/ 0 a m>k ( high nobility4 ,we see x frequ5tly ^u seals & m9iatures1 ( t age1 ( ladies z well z m52 & s sacr$ 0 ?is bird e/eem$1 t we f9d x prohibit$ 9 ! anci5t laws = any "o to give 8 hawk or 8 sword z "p ( 8 ransom4 ,sev]e f9es 7 laid on ^? :o %\ld /eal ano!r's hawk4 ,h>old1 x w be obs]v$1 is ! only "o ( all 8 suite :o has ! bird ^u 8 fi/4#bi ,sev]al hawks are introduc$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,tape/ry1 b 9 no "o case is ! bird provid$ ) a hood4 ,! hood 0 introduc$ f ! ,ea/ ab\t ! ye> #abjj1 & z aft] its introduction x 0 consid]$ an ess5tial "p ( ! equipm5t ( ! bird1 its abs5ce 9 ! ,tape/ry is conclusive evid5ce ( its comp>atively e>ly date4#cj ,! ?ree l>g] dogs h coll>s1 provid$ ) r+s ?r\gh :i*1 mo/ probably1 ! lea% pass$2 ! o!r two are ( a small] bre$4 ,! horses are hog-man$4 ,h>old's horse1 9 ! m =w>d in/ance1 has "s ornam5t entw9$ ) its mane4 ,bo%am is a hamlet 9 ,sussex1 ne> to ,*i*e/]1 :i* /ill reta9s its anci5t "n4 ,x 0 a sea-port ( "s consequ5ce 9 ,saxon times1 & we frequ5tly read ( its be+ ! po9t ( dep>ture = p]sons go+ to ! ,cont95t4 ,bo%am 0 ! prop]ty ( ,h>old1 hav+ be5 obta9$ by 8 fa!r1 ,e>l ,godw91 f ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,among ! end[$ *ur*es ( ,engl&1 t ( ,bo%am 0 probably "o ( ! ri*e/4 ,9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,edw>d x _h l& belong+ to x to ! ext5t ( a hundr$ & twelve hides4 ,! g5]ality ( *ur* end[m5ts 7 inf9itely small]4 ,h5ce we f9d ! *ur* repres5t$ 9 ! ,tape/ry z a /ructure ( consid]able consequ5ce4#ca ,a tree closes ! sc5e4 ,x is ( a species :i* does n fl\ri% 9 our mod]n woods1 b :i* nev]!less gr[s v abundantly 9 ! ,,mss4 ( ! t5? & elev5? c5turies4 ,sev]al ( simil> "* may be se5 9 ! ,illu/rations to ,cdmon's ,metrical ,p>aphrase1 execut$ 9 ! t5? c5tury4#cb ,^! trees1 l ! lions & leop>ds ( ! h]alds ( a subsequ5t date1 7 m]e conv5tional =ms1 & n int5d$ to be correct repres5tations ( ! objects indicat$4 ,! next comp>tm5t exhibits to u ,h>old & a companion 7"o no d\bt be+ us$ to repres5t all7 ent]+ ! sacr$ /ructure1 ) ! view ( seek+ ! div9e bless+ ^u _! ent]prise4 ,z ! humility ( _! po/ure1 :5 inside1 c\ld n be repres5t$1 ! arti/ has exhibit$ !m z ent]+ x 9 a /ate ( semi-g5uflexion4 ,9 ?is he foll[s a classical model4 ,among ! ,greeks & ,romans ! act ( adoration 0 express$ by ! arti/s repres5t+ ! body incl9$ slightly =w>ds1 ! knees g5tly b5t1 & ! "r h& t\*+ ! object ( rev]5ce4#cc ,ov] ! build+ :i* ,h>old & 8 companion ent] is writt5 ! ^w ,,ecclesia4--! *ur*4 ,x is n a little curi\s to obs]ve1 t 9 imm$iate contiguity ) ! *ur* 9 :i* our voyag]s (f] _! devotions1 is ! fe/al bo>d at :i* !y com=t _! own b[els1 & pl$ge ea* o!r 9 goblets l>ge z _! own he>ts4 ,! sc5e is "o ( a truly ,saxon "*4 ,our blue-ey$ =efa!rs nev] did ?+s by halves1 & :5ev] !y sat d[n at ! social table--& !y did s z (t5 z conv5i5t--!y exhibit$ a refre%+ e>ne/ness4 ,! sc5e repres5ts ! end ( ! fea/1 & h5ce ! dr9k+ horns r ?an ! platt]s are br\ght into requisition4 ,two ( ^! are magnific5t specim5s1 & rem9d u ( ! horn ( ,ulphe pres]v$ 9 ,york ,m9/]1 & ! ,pusey horn4 ,! individuals 9 ! build+ are evid5tly pl$g+ ea* o!r1 & ! *all5g$ & ! *all5g] are dr9k+ 9 turn out ( ! same cup4 ,rob]t de ,brunne ref]s to ?is practice 9 ! foll[+ l9es3-- 8,?is is _! cu/om & _! ge/ ,:5 !i are at ! ale or fe/2 ,ilk man t loves1 :]e him ?9k ,sall say wassail1 & to him dr9k4 ,he t bids1 sall say wassail2 ,! to!r sall say aga9 dr9khail4 ,t said wassail dr9kes ( ! cup1 ,kiss& 8 fel[ he gives x up2 ,dr9khail1 he says1 & dr9kes !re(1 ,kiss& him 9 bord & sk(f40#cd ,besides horns1 semicircul> vessels1 or maz] cups1 appe> among ! furni%+s ( ! bo>d4 ,^! vessels 7 g5]ally ( wood1 b occasionally ( gold or silv]4 ,our ance/ors1 :o some:at /rangely bl5d$ religion ) _! fe/ivities1 n unfrequ5tly _h mottos1 su* z ! foll[+1 inscrib$ ^u _! maz] b[ls3-- ,9 ! "n ( ! tr9itie ,fille ! kup & dr9k to me4 ,b ! be/ ( fri5ds mu/ "p4 ,a mess5g]1 :o has bl[n ! horn1 to in=m our voyag]s t ! boats are ready1 till he is tir$1 comes p]sonally1 horn 9 h&1 to urge _! dep>ture4 ,! sc5e ( ! emb>kation is curi\s4 ,h>old1 ! mo/ p[]ful subject 9 ,engl&--if he c be call$ a subject--/rips (f 8 l[] g>m5ts1 & wades into ! sea4 ,8 companions foll[ him 9 simil> guise4 ,h>old has1 z usual1 8 hawk ^u 8 fi/1 & he & 8 companion 7! repres5tative ( ! re/71 m c>eful ( _! h\nds ?an !mselves1 c>ry !m dry-%od on bo>d ! %ip t waits to receive !m4 ,no satisfactory explanation has be5 giv5 ( ! peculi> implem5t held 9 ! left h& ( ! att5dant :o is next b "o to ,h>old4 ,c x be a #8?r[ /ick' su* z 0 g5]ally us$ by ! anci5t ,egyptian sportsm5 9 f[l+8#ce ,h>old has two %ips1 & !y are repres5t$ twice ov]--once at _! dep>ture f ! ,engli% coa/1 & aga9 on _! arrival at ! %ores ( ,france4 ,b be=e att5d+ to ! adv5tures :i* befell ! ,saxon ,e>l on ! opposite side1 x w be well to review ! gr\nd already trodd51 9 ord] to ga!r up "s fragm5ts ( in=mation respect+ ! ta/es & habits ( ! anci5t ,engli%4 ,! ar*itectural del9eations ( ! ,tape/ry are ^? ( ! ,conque/4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole1 ! circul> ar*1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,saxon & ,norman /yles1 prevails 9 its simple/ =ms4 ,int]lac+ ar*es :i* occur s frequ5tly 9 ! lat] ,norman build+s1 & :i* are suppos$ to h introduc$ ! po9t$ or ,go?ic-/yle1 nev] occur4 ,! palace ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 9 ! fir/ comp>tm5t1 is a l>ge build+ z comp>$ ) ! *ur* & manor-h\se ( ,bo%am 9 ! second4 ,9 "s ( its details x be>s a /rik+ resemblance to ! #8heav5ly abode' 9 "o ( ! e>ly illu/rations ( ,cdmon's ,p>aphrase4#cf ,( ! *equ]$ "w on ! face ( ! *ief buttress t[] _m examples exi/ to ?is day 9 ,norm&y4 ,! *ief feature ( ! *ur* is ! doorway1 z is ! case ) all ,norman build+s up to a late p]iod4 ,! w9d[s are small & insignificant1 & 7 probably unglaz$4 ,x is ro($ ) /one %+les or tiles1 r\nd$ at ! l[] extremity1 & fa/5$ to ! framework ) nails1 z is conv5tionally repres5t$ 9 ! draw+4 ,! ro(s 9 ! ,saxon illu/rations already ref]r$ to pres5t a precisely simil> appe>ance4 ,! travell] 9 ,norm&y w (t5 be rem9d$ by exi/+ build+s ( ^! arrangem5ts4 ,! h\se 9 :i* ! voyag]s take _! f>ewell repa/ is wor?y ( obs]vation4 ,x is con/ruct$ ^u ! plan ( ! anci5t 8peel h\ses0 ( ! ,nor? ( ,engl&4 ,! upp] ap>tm5t has an indep5d5t entrance by /one /eps f ! outside1 & seems to be ! place ( greate/ com=t & security4 ,! l[] room is vault$1 & is divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 l ! aisles ( a *ur*4 ,?is 0 n an unusual arrangem5t 9 build+s ( ! ,saxon & ,norman p]iod4#cg ,! dress ( ! p>ties may be briefly describ$4 ,x has manife/ly be5 d]iv$ f a ,roman model4 ,a g>m5t1 d\btless ( wooll51 inve/s ! body1 & comes up to ! neck4 ,a tunic1 hav+ some?+ ( ! =m ( a frock coat1 is put on ov] ?is1 & is b\nd r\nd ! wai/ by a girdle4 ,9 ! horsem51 ?is tunic is br\ght bel[ ! knees1 &1 = great] conv5i5ce 9 rid+1 is divid$ s z to =m two wide loose legs4 ,mo/ ( ! m5 are furni%$ ) hose1 :i* fit tightly1 & come well up ! ?igh4 ,mo/ ( !m also are furni%$ ) %oes1 :i* seem to fit ! foot naturally & easily4 ,9 addition to ^! cov]+s1 ! sup]ior ord]s we> a cloak1 ne>ly resembl+ ! *lamys ( ! ,roman g5]al1 & :i* is fa/5$ by a fibula1 or broo*1 at ! "r %\ld]4 ,all ! figures1 except+ ^? acc\tr$ ) cr[ns or helmets1 are b>e-head$4 ,?is at fir/ sight does n seem to be ! case2 ! heads ( ! p>ties appe> z if !y 7 envelop$ ) caps ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,x w be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t1 )9 doors z well z )\t1 _! heads we> ! same appe>ance4 ,b ! %av5 cr[n ( ! prie/s reveals ! fact4 ,^! p]sonages appe> ) hair z indisputably r$1 & blue1 & yell[1 z ! re/1 yet !y %[ ! b>e poll 9 ! c5tre4 7,see ,plates ,,iv4 & ,,vii47 ,x may also be obs]v$ t ! h9d] "p ( ! heads ( ! ,fr5*m5 is b>e4 ,9 ,france1 at ?is p]iod1 an absurd cu/om prevail$ ( %av+ ! back ( ! head4 ,! m5 ( ,norm&y & ,pon?ieu accord+ly appe> z if !y _h caps /uck ^u ! front ( _! heads1 leav+ ! back "p nak$4 ,all ?is seems to prove t1 at ! "t ( ! ,conque/1 x 0 n cu/om>y ei!r 9 ,engl& or ,france = m5 to cov] ! head1 except = def5sive purposes 9 ! day ( battle4 ,! ,saxons are uni=mly repres5t$ ) mu/a*es2 ! ,fr5* are n4 ,k+ ,edw>d always appe>s ) a be>d4 ,! ,saxons 7 fond ( cultivat+ ! hair1 & exhibit+ full & fl[+ locks4 ,9 ! y\?ful days ( ,k+ ,edw>d bo? razors & scissors 7 es*ew$4 ,9 process ( "t1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh "s silv]y influ5ce1 m5 7 induc$ to d5ude _! *9s ( nature's cov]+4 ,fr5*m5 made a clean sweep ( x1 b ! ,saxons held out = ! mu/a*e4 ,k+ ,edw>d ma9ta9$ ! cu/oms ( 8 y\?1 & he is always repres5t$ on co9s1 m$als1 & ! ,tape/ry1 ) all ! capill>y attractions :i* nature ev] gave him4 ,9 ^! respects1 ! ,tape/ry is true to hi/ory4 ,9 anci5t times1 z well z 9 mod]n1 fa%ions 7 subject to *ange4 ,9 ! reigns imm$iately succe$+ ! ,conqu]or's1 modes prevail$ diff]5t f ^? depict$ 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,! po9ts ( ! %oes 7 elongat$1 great] extravagance ( dress 0 indulg$ 91 & ! ,normans1 in/ead ( %av+ _! hair l monks1 suff]$ x to gr[ ridicul\sly long2 be>ds1 too1 7 cultivat$4 ,! foll[+ summ>y ( ! fa%ions ( ! late ,norman p]iod is to our pres5t purpose3-- 8,dur+ ! reigns ( ,rufus & ,h5ry ,i4 ! dress ( ! high] classes became mu* m co/ly 9 mat]ial & extravagant 9 %ape4 ,"s mo/ ridicul\s fa%ions are reprobat$ & c>icatur$ by ! hi/orians & illum9ators ( t p]iod4 ,! sleeves ( ! tunics 7 made long en\gh to cov] & hang consid]ably bel[ ! h&4 ,peak$-to$ boots & %oes ( ! mo/ absurd %apes1 "s t]m9at+ l a scorpion's tail1 o!rs /uff$ ) t[ & curl+ r\nd l a ram's horn1 are m5tion$ by ! monki% hi/orians4 ,ord]icus ,vitalis says !y 7 inv5t$ by "s "o de=m$ 9 ! foot4 ,! mantles & tunics 7 worn mu* long] & full]1 & ! =m] l9$ ) ! mo/ exp5sive furs4 ,h5ry ,i4 is said to h _h "o pres5t$ to him by ! ,bi%op ( ,l9coln1 l9$ ) black sable ) :ite spots1 & :i* co/ #ajj4 ( ! money ( t day4 8,! ,engli% n[1 bo? ,saxon & ,norman1 suff]$ _! hair to gr[ to an immod]ate l5g? in/ead ( be+ cropp$ ridicul\sly %ort2 & ,william ( ,malmesbury1 :o has previ\sly compla9$ ( 8 c\ntrym5 hav+ imitat$ ! latt] fa%ion1 n[ lam5ts ov] ! long hair1 ! loose fl[+ g>m5ts1 ! po9t$ %oes1 & effem9ate appe>ance ( ! ,engli% g5]ally4 ,ev5 long be>ds 7 worn dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,i42 & ,ord]icus ,vitalis comp>es ! m5 ( t day to #8fil?y goats4' 8,anselm1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 refus$ 8 b5$iction on ,a% ,w$nesday to ^? :o w\ld n cut _! hair4 ,c\ncils 7 held on ?is important matt]4 ,! razor & ! scissors 7 n only recomm5d$ ex ca!dra1 b positively produc$ sometimes at ! end ( a s]mon aga9/ ! s9fulness ( long locks & curl+ mu/a*es4 ,s]lo d',abon1 ,bi%op ( ,seez1 on ,ea/] ,day1 #aaje1 aft] prea*+ aga9/ be>ds be=e ,h5ry ,i41 cropp$ n only t ( ! k+ b ^? ( ! :ole congregation ) a pair ( scissors he _h provid$ = ! occasion4 ,b no?+ c\ld long repress ^! fa%ions1 :i* 9 ! "t ( ,/eph5 aga9 rag$ to su* an ext5t t ! fops ( ! day suff]$ _! hair to gr[ till !y look$ m l wom5 ?an m52 & ^? ^: r+lets 7 n suffici5tly luxuri\s add$ false hair to equal or surpass 9 appe>ance _! m fav\r$ bre?r540#ch ,we c only acc\nt = ! exact con=mity ( ! mann]s & cu/oms depict$ 9 ! ,tape/ry ) ^? prevail+ dur+ ! ,conqu]or's reign1 on ! supposition t ! ,tape/ry 0 !n produc$4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,entanglem5t4 8,sir1 :at ill *ance ha? br\ght y to ?is place80 ,p>adise ,rega9$4 ,:5 ,rob]t ( ,norm&y w5t on pilgrimage to ,j]usalem1 he nam$ 8 son ,william1 !n a boy sev5 ye>s ( age1 8 heir4 ,8 c\rti]s express+ _! fe>s t dur+ 8 abs5ce ! e/ates w\ld be left )\t a head1 he repli$1 8,n s1 by my fai?1 n s6 ,i w leave y a ma/] 9 my place4 ,i h a little ba/>d "h2 he is little1 inde$1 b he w gr[2 nay1 by ,god's grace1 ,i h great hopes t he w prove a gallant man2 !re=e ,i d pray y all to receive him f my h&s1 = f ?is "t =? ,i give him seis9 ( ! du*y ( ,norm&y1 z my kn[n & ackn[l$g$ heir40 ,william1 :o 0 de/9$ nev] aga9 to see 8 fa!r1 0 committ$ to ! gu>dian%ip ( 8 two uncles--8a lamb to ! tutelage ( wolves40 ,:51 at a v e>ly age1 he 0 compell$ to take ! re9s ( gov]nm5t into 8 own h&s1 he _h a difficult "p to p]=m4 ,z ! au?or ( ! ,roman de ,r\ in=ms u1 8,! feuds aga9/ him 7 _m1 & 8 fri5ds few2 = he f\nd t mo/ 7 ill incl9$ t[>ds him2 ^? ev5 :om 8 fa!r held de> he f\nd haughty & evil dispos$4 ,! b>ons w>r$ ^u ea* o!r2 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4 ! /rong oppress$ ! weak1 & he c\ld n prev5t x40#ci ,! success :i* att5d$ 8 ef=ts made him an object ( jeal\sy & fe>4 ,9 #ajed ! ,k+ ( ,france made w> ^u him1 ) ! int5tion ( depriv+ him ( 8 du*y4 ,9 ! battle ( ,mortem]1 ,william ov]came ! =ces ( ,france1 &1 along ) "s o!rs1 took ,guy ,c\nt ( ,pon?ieu prison]4 ,h>old knew well ! difficult "p :i* 8 rival _h to p]=m1 & d\btless ?\ght to take advantage ( x4 ,if he c\ld induce ,guy to int]e/ himself 9 ! fate ( 8 bro!r & nephew1 :o 7 deta9$ z ho/ages at ! c\rt ( ,norm&y1 ! assi/ance ( ! ,k+ ( ,france & ( _m ( 8 great b>ons c\ld easily be secur$4 ,su*1 probably1 0 ! reason+ ( ,h>old1 z he /epp$ on bo>d 8 %ip at ,bo%am4 ,! t]ritories ( ,guy lay imm$iately to ! nor? ( ^? ( ,william4 ,let u see h[ ! voyag] f>es4 ,no unt[>d accid5t occurs on ! passage across1 b all is expectation & anxiety z ! %ips approa* ! %ore4 ,"o man f ! top ( ! ma/ ( ! h9d]mo/ vessel eag]ly spies out ! l&1 ! :ole ( ! crew are /&+ up & look+ anxi\sly t[>d x4 ,!y evid5tly disc]n indications :i* make !m d\btful ( a hospitable reception4 ,?is %ip1 h[ev]1 be>s no m>ks ( hav+ enc\nt]$ a gale4 ,its sail is fully ext5d$1 & is 9 good ord]4 ,! =emo/ vessel conta9s ,h>old alone1 z ! sup]scription1 ,,h>old1 in=ms u4 ,he is 9 full dress1 ready to pay 8 respects to ! ,c\nt ( ,pon?ieu4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 arm$ ) a spe>1 :i* evid5tly indicates t he has reason to fe> t he is 9 an enemy's c\ntry4 ,! next gr\p ( figures reveals ! plot4 ,guy1 accompani$ by a troop ( horsem5 be>+ sword & %ield & spe>1 ord]s ! arre/ ( ,h>old & 8 companions4 ,! ,c\nt is simply clad1 b well arm$2 he has n only a sword ( port5t\s size atta*$ to 8 side1 b a basil>d1 or hunt+ knife1 susp5d$ f 8 saddle4 8,z an in/ance ( t peculi> accuracy :i* is obs]v$ by ! design] ( ! ,tape/ry1 ev5 9 seem+ly unimportant p>ticul>s1 & :i* makes ! "w s mu* m int]e/+ z a fai?ful depiction ( ! v>i\s circum/ances ( ! times1 we f9d ! ,norman horses ( ?is & o!r gr\ps are repres5t$ z be+ l>g] ?an ! ,anglo-,saxon4 ,! hair ( ! mane is also uncut1 & falls on ! neck2 ! saddle & its acc\trem5ts are simil>40#dj ,h>old1 /ripp$1 z be=e1 = disemb>kation1 is imm$iately seiz$4 ,! fir/ impression on ! m9ds ( ! p>ty evid5tly is to resi/4 ,_! ord9>y weapons1 :i* h = ! mom5t be5 laid aside1 are n at h&2 b t weapon :i* a ,saxon nev] laid aside--t weapon1 half knife1 half dagg]1 ) :i* he divid$ 8 food at meals1 :i* he _h by him ev5 dur+ ! h\rs ( sleep1 & :i* 0 deposit$ 9 8 grave :5 8 w>f>e 0 o'er--t weapon1 ! saxe1 f :i*1 accord+ to ! m$ival rhym] ,gotfridus ,vit]bi5sis1 ! ,saxons d]iv$ _! "n-- 8,ipse brevis gladius apud illos ,saxo vocatur1 ,unde sibi ,saxo nom5 pep]isse notatur40#da --is clut*$ & drawn4 ,! latt] figures ( ! gr\p1 by ! hesitancy ( _! mann]1 seem to say t resi/ance is useless2 ea* has in/9ctively laid hold ( 8 weapon1 b x re/s midway 9 8 girdle4 ,! inscription ov] ?is gr\p is1 ,,hic ,,appreh5dit ,,wido ,,h>oldum ,,et ,,duxit ,,eum ,,ad ,,belrem ,,et ,,ibi ,,eum ,,t5uit4--,"h ,guy seiz$ ,h>old1 & l$ him to ,beaura91 :]e he deta9$ him prison]4 ,! mod]n ,beaura9 is situat$ a %ort di/ance f ,montreuil1 ! capital ( ! anci5t prov9ce ( ,pon?ieu4 ,a tree closes ! sc5e4 ,9 ! solitude ( 8 prison ,h>old mu/ h reflect$ bitt]ly ^u 8 ra%ness 9 committ+ himself to ! h&s ( ,guy )\t hav+ accurately asc]ta9$ 8 feel+s t[>ds him4 ,in/ead ( a fri5d he f\nd 9 him a foe4 ,in/ead ( fur!r+ 8 views he involv$ him 9 almo/ inextricable difficulties4 ,! ,c\nt1 probably1 _h too ke5 a s5se ( ,william's p[] aga9 to run ! risk ( incurr+ 8 wra?2 he !re=e resolv$1 to avoid all appe>ance ( ambiguity1 to deta9 ,h>old z a prison]1 & to extract f 8 fri5ds z l>ge a sum z possible 9 ! %ape ( ransom4 ,x gives u a curi\s insight into ! /ate ( society 9 ^? days1 to obs]ve t no "o disput$ ! "r ( ,guy to seize ! p]son & prop]ty ( a /rang]1 :o1 )\t ho/ile int5t1 _h v5tur$ ^u 8 %ores1 or1 z "s believe1 _h be5 driv5 !re by mis*ance4 ,h>old _h no fri5d at h& to release him f 8 unpleasant position4 ,8 active & clev] rival1 ,william ( ,norm&y1 he>+ ( 8 circum/ances1 imm$iately put =? ! mo/ /r5u\s & app>5tly g5]\s ef=ts to effect 8 enl>gem5t1 !reby lay+ him "u v s]i\s obligations4 ,x is ! object ( ! succe$+ portions ( ! ,tape/ry to place ^! ef=ts 9 a /rong light1 & by implication to %[ ! +ratitude ( ,h>old 9 oppos+ ,william's claims to ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,! fir/ sc5e repres5ts ,h>old proce$+ to ! resid5ce ( 8 captor4 ,! expression giv5 to ! unlucky ,e>l is "o ( deep dejection4 ,he is /ripp$ ( ! cloak :i* m>k$ 8 nobility2 & ?\gh he c>ries 8 hawk ^u 8 fi/1 its usual po/ure is rev]s$1 an intimation t 8 hawk+ days are ov]4 ,h>old is well gu>d$ by a p>ty ( arm$ horsem54 ,guy rides be=e1 clad 9 ! decorative mantle ( 8 rank1 & hav+ ! falcon ^u 8 fi/1 ) its head advanc$ z if ready to take w+4 ,! arti/ has v successfully portray$ 9 ! c\nt5ance ( ,guy ! *uckl+ conceit ( ?is he>tless *iefta9 9 ! possession ( s ri* a prize z ,h>old4 ,! next gr\p ( /&+ figures is suppos$ to repres5t "s ( ,h>old's p>ty1 di/+ui%$ by ! mu/a*e1 9 cu/ody ( ,guy's soldi]s4 ,h>old1 indignant at ! unju/ treatm5t :i* he _h receiv$1 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4 s\ght an int]view ) ! ,c\nt1 no d\bt feel+ sure t he w\ld be able to make su* a repres5tation ( 8 case1 or to (f] su* inducem5ts1 z w\ld infallibly lead to 8 imm$iate release4 ,an int]view 0 grant$4 ,! inscription ov] ! next sc5e is 8,,ubi ,,h>old ,,et ,,wido ,,p>abolant0--,:]e ,h>old & ,guy conv]se4 ,guy is seat$ 7,plate ,,iii47 ) great pomp ^u an elevat$ seat4 ,8 ?rone is less ornate ?an t ( ! ,confessor1 to m>k no d\bt ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,k+ & a ,c\nt1 & x is )\t a cu%ion1 b x is decorat$ ) dogs' heads & claws1 :i* are s frequ5tly introduc$ into all ! "w ( t p]iod4 ,8 feet1 z is usual ) p]sons ( rank1 re/ ^u a foot/ool1 hav+ 9 ?is in/ance ?ree /eps4 ,guy holds a nak$ sword ) its po9t turn$ upw>ds2 he is att5d$ by a gu>d1 :o is arm$ ) a sword ( prodigi\s size1 & a spe>4 ,?is att5dant t\*es ! elb[ ( 8 *ief ) "o h&1 & ) ! =ef+] ( ! o!r po9ts to "s object1 probably ! mess5g]s ( ,william1 :o are n[ approa*+4 ,h>old1 ?\gh suff]$ to we> ! *lamys ( nobility1 comes into ! pres5ce ( ! haughty ,c\nt 9 a slightly incl9+ po/ure4 ,he feels he is at ! m]cy ( 8 captor4 ,he has a sword1 b its po9t is direct$ to ! gr\nd4 ,8 companion has nei!r cloak nor sword4 ,f ! arrogant be>+ ( ,guy 9 ?is picture we _c d\bt t ! unhappy ,h>old return$ to 8 prison m disconsolate ?an be=e4 ,b1 help 0 at h&4 ,!re is a figure1 :i* we h n obs]v$1 at "o extremity ( ! audi5ce *amb]4 ,he is a v att5tive b app>5tly an unobs]v$ witness ( ! int]view4 ,8 p>ty-col\r$ dress & ! v&yk$ fr+e ( 8 tunic h sugge/$ ! idea t ?is p]sonage is ! c\rt je/]4#db ,! c\rt fool 0 usually a v %rewd p]son1 & hav+1 on acc\nt ( 8 presum$ simplicity1 access to 8 ma/] at all times1 0 a v conv5i5t ag5t 9 c\rt intrigue4 ,?is wily p]sonage seems to h f\nd means to acqua9t ,william ) ! unt[>d position ( ! ,engli% ambassador1 = ! next sc5e is entitl$ ,,ubi ,,nuntii ,,wilielmi ,,ducis ,,v5]unt ,,ad ,,widonem--,:]e ! mess5g]s ( ,william came to ,guy4 ,william on "o occasion ow$ 8 life to ! fri5dly int]f]5ce ( a je/]4 ,wace ?us relates ! /ory3--,guy ( ,burgundy1 :o 0 a ne> relative ( ,william's1 became envi\s ( him1 & resolv$ to dis9h]it him4 ,assembl+ sev]al p[]ful b>ons1 :o 7 z discont5t$ z himself1 he said1 8,!re 0 n any heir :o _h a bett] "r to ,norm&y ?an himself4444 ,he 0 no ba/>d1 b born 9 w$lock2 & if "r 0 done1 ,norm&y w\ld belong to him4 ,if !y w\ld support him 9 8 claim1 he w\ld divide x ) !m40 ,s1 at l5g?1 he said s mu*1 & promis$ s l>gely1 t !y swore to support him accord+ to _! p[] 9 mak+ w> on ,william1 & to seek 8 di%]ison by =ce or treason4 ,!n !y /or$ _! ca/les1 dug fosses1 & erect$ b>ricades1 ,william kn[+ no?+ ( _! prep>ations4 ,he 0 at t "t soj\rn+ at ,valognes1 = 8 pleasure z well z on bus9ess2 & _h be5 engag$ = sev]al days hunt+ & %oot+ 9 ! woods4 ,"o ev5+1 late1 8 tra9 _h left 8 c\rt1 & all _h gone to re/ at ! ho/els :]e !y lodg$1 except ^? :o 7 ( 8 h\sehold2 & he himself 0 laid d[n4 ,:e!r he slept or n1 ,i d n "k1 b 9 ! season ( ! fir/ sleep1 a fool nam$ ,golet came1 ) a /aff slung at 8 neck1 cry+ out at ! *amb] door1 & beat+ ! wall ) ! /aff2 8,ovrez60 said he1 8ovrez6 ovrez6 ye are dead m53 levez6 levez6 ,:]e art ?\ laid1 ,william8 ,:]e=e do/ ?\ sleep8 ,if ?\ art f\nd "h ?\ wilt die2 ?y enemies are arm+ ar\nd2 if !y f9d !e "h ?\ wilt nev] quit ! ,cot5t91 nor live till ! morn+60 ,!n ,william 0 greatly al>m$2 he rose up1 & /ood z a man sorely dismay$4 ,he ask$ no fur!r news1 = x seem$ unlikely to br+ him any good4 ,he 0 9 8 bree*es & %irt1 & putt+ a cloak ar\nd 8 neck1 he seiz$ 8 horse quickly1 & 0 soon ^u ! road4 ,i "k n :e!r he ev5 /opp$ to seek = 8 spurs1 b he ha/$ on till he came to ! =ds ne>e/ at h&1 :i* 7 ^? ( ,vire1 & cross$ !m by night 9 fe> & great ang]4#dc ,_h ! fool n ?us opportunely ar\s$ him--_h he n act$ ) peculi> promptitude--_h he n receiv$ important assi/ance 9 ! c\rse ( 8 j\rney f a fai?ful vassal1 :o facilitat$ 8 flight1 & l$ 8 pursu]s (f ! track--we %\ld nev] h he>d ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,z x 01 he got safely next day to 8 own ca/le at ,falaise4 8,if he 7 9 bad plight10 says ,wace1 8:at matt]s x1 s t he got safe40 ,! result ( ! fool's int]f]5ce 9 behalf ( ,h>old soon appe>s4 ,we are n[ introduc$ to two p]sonages1 s5t by ,duke ,william1 :o1 9 _! ma/]'s "n1 dem& ! deliv]ance ( ! captive4 ,guy is /&+1 & we>s a haughty air4 ,he holds an axe 9 8 h&1 by way ( ass]t+ t he has ! p[] ( life or dea? ov] 8 prison]4 ,he is p>tially habit$ 9 ! co/ume ( w>4 ,"u 8 *lamys he we>s a tunic ( scale arm\r1 probably compos$ ( ov]lapp+ pieces ( lea!r4 ,?is dress1 ?\gh n s secure z "o ( mail1 w\ld nev]!less pres5t consid]able resi/ance to ! /roke ( a weapon4 ,odo is repres5t$ z we>+ a dress some:at simil> 9 ! battle ( ,ha/+s2 also a figure :i* ,i take to be ,william approa*+ ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,8 hose are compos$ ( p>ty-col\r$ mat]ials2 sev]al o!r p]sonages 9 ! ,tape/ry1 *iefly individuals ( consequ5ce1 are s adorn$4 ,! ,saxons1 & probably ! ,normans also1 7 9 ! habit ( protect+ _! legs 9 ! day ( battle by b9d+ !m r\nd ) slips ( lea!r or o!r mat]ial4 ,guy has an arm$ att5dant1 /&+ alo(1 b ready to act2 & ! two mess5g]s ( ,william app>5tly press _! mission ) great vig\r4 ,! leg5d ( ?is is1 ,,ubi ,,nuntii ,,wilielmi ,,ducis ,,v5]unt ,,ad ,,widonem--,:]e ! mess5g]s ( ,duke ,william came to ,guy4 ,! horses ( ! mess5g]s /& h>d by1 held by a dw>f1 :o1 al?\gh he we>s a be>d1 is evid5tly a ,norman1 = 8 hair is %av5 (f ! back ( 8 head4 ,ov] ?is little fell[1 9 ! ,tape/ry1 is writt5 ! ^w ,,turold4 ,:o ?is p]sonage 0 we h no means ( kn[+4 ,he may h be5 "s fav\rite ) ! ladies employ$ ^u ! embroid]y1 :o adopt$ ?is mode ( conf]r+ immortality ^u him2 or1 z ,miss ,agnes ,/rickl& has sugge/$1 he may h be5 ! arti/ :o 0 employ$ to design ! ,tape/ry1 & :o1 ?\gh he c\ld n ) hi/oric tru? be introduc$ into any ( ! pr9cipal sc5es1 yet1 v laudably1 wi%$ = a place ^u ! canvas4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 important to obs]ve1 t ! son ( a p]son nam$ ,turold occurs 9 ! ,domesday ,survey1 among ! "u-t5ants ( ,odo1 ,bi%op ( ,bayeux1 = ! c\nty ( ,essex4#dd ,! celebrat$ ,norman ballad ,! ,song ( ,rol& seems to h _h = its au?or a p]son ( ! "n ( ,turold1 if we may cr$it its conclud+ l9es1 8,& s ende? ! hi/ory sung ( ,turoldus40#de ,?is inscription be>s ^u ! subject ( ! au!nticity ( ! ,tape/ry4 ,_h ! "w be5 con/ruct$ "s consid]able p]iod aft] ! ev5ts :i* x describes1 x mu/ h be5 compil$ f hi/oric docum5ts1 & s h conta9$ none b hi/oric p]sonages4 ,z x is1 !re are sev]al individuals introduc$ to u 9 ! ,tape/ry ( :i* we h no trace 9 ! *ronicles ( ! day1 b ) :i* ! draftsman takes x = grant$ t all are z famili> z himself--a v natural & v common ov]sight4 ,! h\se1 divid$ into ?ree aisles aft] ! mann] ( t 9 :i* ,h>old took 8 p>t+ fea/1 is probably int5d$ to repres5t ! palace ( ! ,c\nt4 ,^! mess5g]s hav+ report$ _! ill success to ,duke ,william1 he imm$iately s5ds two o!rs1 :o gallop to ,beaura9 at ! utmo/ spe$ ( _! horses4 ,ov] !m is ! inscription1 ,,nuntii ,,willelmi--,! mess5g]s ( ,william4 ,a wat*man1 elevat$ ^u a tree1 obs]ves ! movem5ts ( ?is second embassy1 probably ) ! view ( giv+ ,william ! e>lie/ intellig5ce respect+ x4 ,all ?is is clev]ly design$1 9 ord] to %[ ! deep int]e/ :i* ,william took 9 ! welf>e ( 8 captive fri5d1 :o 0 aft]w>ds1 accord+ to ! c\rt v]sion ( ! /ory1 to repay him ) s mu* +ratitude4 ,^! horsem5 we> a ?reat5+ aspect2 !y are arm$ ) spe>1 %ield1 & sword2 _! spe>s are po9t$ ?reat5+ly t[>ds ! place ( _! de/9ation4 ,_! %ields be> a curi\s device1 a w+$ dragon ^: tail is twi/$ 9 a peculi> mann]4 ,?is object is "o ( con/ant occurr5ce 9 ! ,tape/ry1 & seems to be "o ( sup]/iti\s rev]5ce4 ,h>old's /&>d is a dragon4 ,! /&>d ( ! ,dacians1 z depict$ 9 ,trajan's ,column1 is a dragon4 ,we h "s o!rs introduc$ into ! ornam5tal bord] ( ! ,tape/ry4 ,9 ! illu/rations ( ,cdmon's ,p>aphrase1 ! great dragon ,satan is 9 two in/ances figur$ 9 a guise ne>ly resembl+ ^!4 ,:il/ 9 a hea!n /ate ! ,saxons & ,normans d\btless made ! evil "o an object ( wor%ip1 z mo/ hea!n nations h done1 &1 long aft] _! reception ( ,*ri/ianity1 may1 ?\gh ) que/ionable ta/e1 h reta9$ = ornam5tal purposes ! emblem :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d ) sup]/iti\s rev]5ce4 ,! transactions we are n[ consid]+ probably occurr$ 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> at ! close ( :i* ,k+ ,edw>d di$4 ,9 ! l[] m>g9 ( ! sc5es j review$ ! op]ations ( husb&ry peculi> to t season are portray$4 ,"o man is pl\gh+4 ,! pl\gh has :eels1 & is v simil> to "s t are figur$ 9 ,cdmon's ,p>aphrase4 ,next comes a s[] ca/+ ! se$ into ! gr\nd4 ,he conducts ! op]ation precisely z x has be5 conduct$ f t day to ?is4 ,next foll[s a h>r[1 drawn by an ox1 :i* we>s ! yoke ^u its neck4 ,?is me?od ( yok+ ox5 is /ill common 9 ,norm&y4 ,we are n c]ta9 :at means ,william us$ to br+ ,guy to 8 views4 ,"s *ronicl]s say he coax$ him1 "s say he ?reat5$ him1 & sev]al ma9ta9 t he brib$ him by giv+ him a l>ge tract ( l&4 ,?is h[ev] is c]ta91 t he succe$$ 9 induc+ him to relax 8 hold ( ,h>old4 ,! next comp>tm5t ( ! ,tape/ry exhibits to u ,william seat$ on a ?rone ne> 8 ca/le gate4 ,he is receiv+ a mess5g]1 :o approa*es him on b5d$ knees4 ,! sup]scription is1 ,,hic ,,v5it ,,nuntius ,,ad ,,wilgelmum ,,ducem--,"h a mess5g] came to ,duke ,william4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! spell+ ( ! ,duke's "n ,,wilgelmus ne$ n surprise u4 ,at t day1 & = long aft]w>ds1 ! or?ography ev5 ( prop] names 0 n fix$4 ,! ,g w\ld no d\bt be s\nd$ l y or ! diph?ong ie1 z is /ill ! case 9 c]ta9 words 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,nor? ( ,engl&4 ,:o ! mess5g] is we are n in=m$2 he is evid5tly a ,saxon1 & is probably "o ( ,h>old's companions1 :o has accompani$ ,william's ambassadors to ,r\51 by way ( giv+ ! ,duke a pl$ge ( ! success ( _! commission4 ,guy hav+ agre$ to deliv] up 8 prison]1 resolves to make a m]it ( do+ s1 & conducts him 9 p]son to ,william's c\rt4 ,! ,duke1 desir\s ( do+ all hon\r to 8 expect$ gue/1 goes out to meet him4 ,:5 ! two p>ties approa*1 ,guy v (fici\sly introduces ,h>old to ! ,duke1 & seems to expect great comm5dations = 8 zeal & activity4 ,h>old himself foll[s ,guy1 hav+ once aga9 ! mantle ( g5tle bir? on 8 left %\ld]1 & c>ry+ 8 hawk ^u 8 fi/1 look+ =w>d1 9 tok5 ( lib]ty4 ,william sits firmly ^u 8 horse2 8 mann] is quiet1 b v decid$2 8 figure is t ( a /rong1 squ>e-built man4 ,we "k t 8 muscul> p[]s 7 v consid]able2 ?is is probably no fancy portrait4 ,! inscription ov] ?is comp>tm5t is1 ,,hic ,,wido ,,adduxit ,,h>oldum ,,ad ,,wilgelmum ,,normannorum ,,ducem--,"h ,guy l$ ,h>old to ,william ,duke ( ! ,normans4 ,william n[ accompanies 8 gue/ to 8 palace--probably at ,r\54 ,a man f a gateway t[] looks out & receives ! p>ty4 ,! palace ( ,william is a l>ge & spl5did /ructure4 ,bo? x & ! ca/le we la/ notic$ contra/ /rongly ) ^? we h previ\sly se54 ,! ,normans 7 great build]s4 ,:il/ !y 7 frugal 9 _! h\sehold exp5diture1 !y erect$ elegant habitations = !mselves2 ! ,saxons on ! o!r h& 7at lea/ s say ! *ronicl]s7 did n c>e h[ !y 7 lodg$1 b laid out l>ge sums 9 eat+ & dr9k+4#df ,william has a gu>d /&+ at 8 back4 ,a ,saxon is address+ him ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4 ) consid]able vehem5ce ^u "s bus9ess relat+ to ! ,fr5* soldi]s1 to :om he po9ts4 ,! speak] is probably ,h>old2 b :at ! subject ( conf]5ce is1 c only be a subject ( conjecture4 ,c x be t he is reque/+ ! assi/ance ( an escort to accompany a mess5g] ( 8 to ,engl& to in=m 8 fri5ds ( 8 happy release f captivity8 ,9 ! bord] above ! palace are a pair ( pea-f[ls4 ,?is is probably int5d$ to give u an idea ( ! spl5d\r ( ,william's c\rt4 ,9 ! middle ages no fea/ 0 complete except+ ?is bird made its appe>ance on ! table1 array$1 aft] be+ tak5 f ! spit1 9 all its gorge\s plumage4 ,! fea!rs ( ?is bird 7 9 great reque/ among our ,saxon nobles z a means ( decorat+ _! halls4 ,! next comp>tm5t pres5ts great difficulties4 ,x is head$1 ,,ubi ,,unus ,,cl]icus ,,et ,,lfgyva--,:]e a cl]k & lfgyva conv]se4 ,x evid5tly ref]s to a transaction ) :i* ! c\rt ( ,duke ,william 7 well acqua9t$1 b ( :i* ! *ronicl]s h giv5 u no acc\nt4 lfgyva is a ,saxon ^w1 signify+ a pres5t f ! g5ii4#dg ,emma1 ! wife ( ,e!lr$1 & "s o!r ,engli% ,que5s1 are occasionally by ,saxon au?ors /yl$ lfgyva2 h5ce ! t]m has be5 consid]$ a descriptive title r ?an a prop] "n4 ,on ?is acc\nt "s writ]s conceive t ,que5 ,matilda is ! individual "h pres5t$ to our notice4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! t]m lfgyva 0 a descriptive "o1 & applicable only to a ,saxon ,que51 x c\ld n at ?is p]iod ( ! n>rative belong to h]1 = ,william _h n !n obta9$ ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,o!r au?ors consid] t ,aga?a1 a daught] ( ,william1 is ! lady 9 "q4 ,h] "n is writt5 by ,wace1 ,ele2 & by "s au?ors %e is conf\nd$ ) h] si/] ,adeliza4 ,:5 ,h>old swore to support ,william 9 8 pret5sions to ! ?rone1 he agre$ to receive ,aga?a 9 m>riage4 ,?is lady's subsequ5t hi/ory is confus$4 ,william ( ,malmesbury says %e di$ be=e %e 0 m>riageable4 ,ord]icus ,vitalis gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( h]--8,8 daught] ,aga?a1 :o _h be5 betro!d to ,h>old1 0 aft]w>ds dem&$ 9 m>riage by ,alphonzo1 ,k+ ( ,galicia1 & deliv]$ to 8 proxies to be conduct$ to him4 ,b %e1 :o _h lo/ h] =m] sp\se1 :o 0 to h] lik+1 felt extreme repugnance to m>ry ano!r4 ,! ,engli%man %e _h se5 & lov$1 b ! ,spani>d %e 0 m av]se to because %e _h nev] set eyes on him4 ,%e !re=e f]v5tly pray$ to ,god t %e might nev] be c>ri$ into ,spa91 b t he w\ld r take h] to himself4 ,h] pray]s 7 he>d1 & %e di$ a virg9 :ile %e 0 ^u ! road40 ,%e1 h[ev]1 _c be ! lfgyva ( ! ,tape/ry4 ,mak+ e all[ance = ! v>ities ( h] "n1 x w\ld sc>cely h be5 s writt5 9 h] fa!r's c\rt2 z %e 0 nev] ,que51 ! descriptive epi!t c\ld n ) propriety h be5 appli$ to h]2 & z at ! "t ( ,h>old's visit to ,norm&y %e 0 b a *ild1 we _c suppose t any =mal embassage w\ld be s5t to h] respect+ ! release ( ! ,engli% ,e>l1 or any o!r subject4 ,! lady 9 "q is probably ,algi?a1 ! wid[ ( ,griffi? ,k+ ( ,wales1 & si/] to ,edw9 & ,morc>1 ,e>ls ( ,m]cia & ,nor?umb]l&1 :om ,h>old mu/ h m>ri$ %ortly aft] 8 return to ,engl&1 z 8 second wife4#dh ,h] "n1 z x is writt5 by ,flor5ce ( ,worce/]1 & "s o!r *ronicl]s1 diff]s b little f lfgyva2 besides1 z ,que5 ( ,engl&1 %e 0 entitl$ to ! epi!t4 ,if ?is supposition be correct1 ! =ce ( ! introduction ( ?is lady & ! cl]k into ! ,tape/ry is consid]able4 ,! :ole object ( ?is "p ( ! draw+ is to display 9 gl[+ col\rs ! g5]\s k9dness ( ,william & ! base trea*]y ( ,h>old4 ,n[ if1 z we may reasonably suppose1 ,h>old _h set 8 affections ^u ?is lady be=e 8 dep>ture = ,norm&y1 & if1 z we h conjectur$1 he _h1 on be+ rescu$1 s5t1 by ,william's assi/ance1 mess5g]s to ,engl& to ann\nce 8 safety1 a special & lov+ message to ! que5 ( 8 affections w\ld n be =gott54 ,! cl]k c]ta9ly approa*es h] 9 a jocose mann]1 & und\bt$ly has "s agreeable intellig5ce to communicate4 ,n[ if ,h>old act$ ?us :ile enjoy+ ,william's hospitality1 & solemnly und]tak+ to m>ry 8 daught] ,aga?a z soon z %e became ( fitt+ age1 8 conduct 0 mo/ unju/ifiable2 & x 0 peculi>ly suitable to ! object = :i* ! ,tape/ry 0 prep>$ to expose x4 ,h>old1 be=e leav+ ,engl&1 may h plac$ 8 lady = tempor>y protection 9 "s nunn]y1 :i* we may suppose to be indicat$ by ! n>r[ & conf9$ build+ 9 :i* lfgyva /&s4 ,9 ?is case none 0 s prop] to approa* h] z a prie/4 ,! employm5t ( a p]son ( ! cl]ical ord] 0 moreov] necess>y1 z few ( ! laity c\ld read or write4 ,! individual 9 ! ,tape/ry has a %av5 cr[n1 b is dress$ 9 ord9>y attire4 ,william ( ,malmesbury tells u t ! ,saxon cl]gy 7 n fond ( any di/9ctive dress4 ,9 ! :ole c\rse ( ! ,tape/ry only ?ree females are pres5t$ to our view--lfgyva1 a m\rn+ relative by ! dy+ b$ ( ! ,confessor1 & a woman =c$ by ! flames f h] dwell+ at ,ha/+s4 ,?is circum/ance surely proves ! mode/y & retir+ habits ( ! ,saxon & ,norman ladies4 ,z our ladies are sc>ce1 let u pay !m m9ute att5tion4 ,! dress ( ! ,saxon wom5 v>i$ v little dur+ ! long p]iod t elaps$ betwe5 ! eigh? & ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury2 by ?or\ghly envelop+ ! :ole body1 x consult$ ! mode/ feel+s ( ! sex1 :il/ its graceful folds gave consid]able elegance to ! p]son4 ,antiqu>ies are inquir+ m54 ,!y d n l to leave any subject unexam9$4 ,t judici\s inquir]1 ,/rutt1 f9ds "s little difficulty 9 inve/igat+ ! und]mo/ g>m5t worn by ! ,saxon ladies2 he manages x1 h[ev]1 ) great adroitness & delicacy4 ,8 words are wor? quot+3-- 8,9 ! =ego+ *apt] x has be5 cle>ly prov$ t ! %irt =m$ "p ( ! dress ( ! m52 & surely we _c hesitate a mom5t to conclude t ! wom5 7 equally t5aci\s ( delicacy 9 _! habit1 & ( c\rse 7 n de/itute ( body-l953 ! rema9s ( antiquity x is true af=d n suffici5t au?ority to prove ! fact2 yet ! presumptive argum5t f\nd$ ^u female delicacy weighs s /rongly 9 ! scale1 t ,i conclude ?is supposition to be consonant ) ! tru?40#di ,ov] ?is und]mo/ g>m5t came ano!r1 :i* 0 only se5 :5 ! l[] portion ( ! gunna1 or g[n1 _h be5 pu%$ aside2 x 0 made ( l95 or "s o!r light mat]ial4 ,next came ! g[n1 consi/+ usually ( "s /rong /uff4 ,x fell d[n to ! feet1 & 0 sometimes girt r\nd ! wai/ by a b&4 ,! sleeves ne> ! wri/ 7 usually made v full1 & hung d[n aft] ! mann] lately 9 use among ourselves4 ,a mantle 0 worn ov] ?is by ladies ( rank4 ,x 0 probably fa/5$ by a fibula1 or broo*4 ,! woman com+ out ( ! burn+ h\se 7,plate ,,xi47 belongs probably to ! l[] ord]s1 = %e has n a mantle4 ,a head-cov]1 or k]*ief1 0 an indisp5sable "p ( ! dress ( ,saxon ladies1 :e!r high or l[4 ,x envelop$ ! head1 conceal+ ! hair entirely2 ! ends ( x fell ^u ! %\ld]s4 ,9 ! "t ( ,rufus & ,h5ry ,i4 ! dress ( ! ladies1 :i* _h rema9$ s long /ation>y1 felt ! /imulus ( ! ,conque/4 8,! sleeves ( _! robes & _! k]*iefs appe> 9 ! illum9ations ( t p]iod knott$ up1 to prev5t _! trail+ on ! gr\nd4 ,"s ( ! sleeves h cuffs hang+ f ! wri/ d[n to ! heels1 & ( ! mo/ s+ul> =ms40#ej ,an anci5t monk has drawn ! evil "o attir$ 9 ?is way1 9 ord] no d\bt to ?r[ discr$it ^u ! fa%ion4 ,! hair also 0 no long] conceal$1 b hung d[n 9 plaits on ea* side ( ! p]son z f> z ! wai/4 ,a /atue ( ,matilda1 wife ( ,h5ry ,i41 on ! we/ door-way ( ,ro*e/] ,ca!dral1 exhibits ?is usage4 ,_h ! ,tape/ry be5 execut$ 9 ! days ( ?is ,que51 lfgyva's sleeves w\ld h be5 full] ?an !y are1 & h] hair w\ld h hung d[n 9 graceful r+lets4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,knigh?ood4 8,"y knight :atev]1 t do/ armes pr(esse1 ,& ?r\gh long lab\rs hunte/ aft] fame1 ,bew>e ( fraud0---- ,fa]ie ,que5e ,:5 ,rollo & 8 brave companions1 emigrat+ f ,nor!rn ,europe at ! end ( ! n9? c5tury1 got a firm hold ( ,r\5 & ! surr\nd+ di/rict1 !y 7 z f> f be+ satisfi$ u ev]4 ,!y ravag$ e "p ( ,france1 c>ry+ _! arms ev5 into ,burgundy4 ,*>les ! ,simple1 :o _h already yield$ ,norm&y to !m1 h>rass$ by ^! unceas+ ho/ilities1 s\ght to pur*ase peace by ! cession ( ano!r portion ( 8 dom9ions4 ,he (f]$ ,rollo ! l& betwe5 ! riv] ,epte & ,brittany1 if he w\ld become a ,*ri/ian & live 9 peace2 b1 ?\gh ,*>les ?rew 8 daught] into ! scale1 ,rollo w\ld n agree1 = ! t]ritory 0 too small1 & ! l&s uncultivat$4 ,he next (f]$ him ,fl&]s1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 n 8 to give2 b ,rollo reject$ x because x 0 boggy & full ( m>%es4 ,he !n (f]$ him ,brittany1 :i* ,rollo accept$4#ea ,brittany1 h[ev]1 claim$ to be a free /ate1 & its inhabitants 7 a spirit$ & en]getic race1 n likely to yield allegiance :]e none 0 due4 ,9 accept+ ,brittany1 !re=e1 ,rollo obta9$ little bett] ?an an old qu>rel4 ,cont9ual w>s1 & a national enmity1 betwe5 ! /ates1 0 ! only result ( ! gift4 ,we c "h sc>cely help obs]v+ by :at a r>e conjunction ( circum/ances x 0 t ,william1 :o f 8 boyhood _h be5 at w> ) all ! neighb\r+ /ates1 & :o a few mon?s be=e ! invasion ( ,engl&1 0 engag$ 9 active ho/ilities ) ! ,c\nt ( ,brittany1 _h leisure to und]take ! great ev5t ( 8 life1 c\ld leave 8 du*y & dra9 x ( 8 troops1 )\t be+ expos$ to ! deva/ations ( angry neighb\rs1 &1 n only s1 b c\ld obta9 = 8 great ent]prise ! p[]ful assi/ance ( ^? rival *iefs ) :om he _h s (t5 be5 at v>iance1 n ev5 except+ ! ,c\nts ( ,pon?ieu & ,brittany4 ,! mo/ c>eless obs]v] _c b m>k 9 ?is ! f+] ( ,provid5ce4 ,b to return to our wor/$ "w4 ,conan ,e>l ( ,bretagne be+ at ?is juncture at w> ) ,duke ,william1 & hav+ drawn ! ,e>l ( ,anj\ into alliance ) him1 ! two naturally agre$ ^u a giv5 day to invade ,norm&y ) _! unit$ =ces4 ,! ,duke 0 h[ev] too mu* ^u 8 gu>d1 & too lively1 to wait = !m 9 8 own dom9ions4 ,he rais$ a consid]able body ( troops2 &1 kn[+ ,h>old to be a brave soldi]1 & fond ( %[+ 8 val\r1 invit$ him & 8 companions to g ) him ^u ?is exp$ition2 :i* ,h>old readily agre$ to d4 ,?is 0 a clev] /roke ( policy4 ,he n only procur$ ! valuable assi/ance ( ,h>old & 8 companions1 all ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4 ! m valuable 9 consequ5ce ( ! exp]i5ce !y _h ga9$ 9 ,wales1 b obta9$ ample opportunities ( /udy+ ! "* ( ! man :om he c\ld n b look ^u z 8 great rival4 ,he _h ! means1 9 _! l5g!n$ int]c\rse1 ( %[+ him great att5tions1 & ?us ( app>5tly lay+ him "u great obligations4 ,b1 above all1 he induc$ ,h>old by ?is /ep to excite ! enmity ( ! m5 ( ,brittany aga9/ himself4 ,t ,william %\ld make w> ^u !m 0 no m ?an ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry1 b :at "r _h ! ,saxon to int]f]e 9 _! affairs8 ,!y c\ld n1 & did n1 =get ?is on ! field ( ,ha/+s4 ,! campaign 9 ,brittany is describ$ m fully 9 ! ,tape/ry ?an 9 any ( ! *ronicles1 & "s ev5ts are !re depict$1 su* z ! surr5d] ( ,d9an1 :i* are n m5tion$ 9 any ( !m4 ,william & 8 p>ty sett+ out ^u _! exp$ition 7,plate ,v47 pass ! neighb\rhood ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,! inscription is1 ,,hic ,,willem ,,dux ,,et ,,ex]citus ,,ejus ,,v5]unt ,,ad ,,montem ,,mi*aelis--,"h ,duke ,william & 8 army came to ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael4 ,?is m\nt consi/s ( a solit>y cone ( granite ris+ out ( a wide1 level expanse ( s&1 :i* at high tide is ne>ly cov]$ by ! sea4 ,x is a v conspicu\s object1 & is se5 on all sides f a great di/ance4 ,a little to ! s\? ( ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 ! riv] ,cosnon1 :i* =ms ! b\nd>y betwe5 ,norm&y & ,brittany1 jo9s ! sea4 ,at ?is po9t ! wat]s ( ! ocean1 9 consequ5ce ( ! contract+ b\nd>ies ( ! bay ly+ betwe5 ,bre/ & ,cape la ,hogue1 rise ) great impetuosity & to a great height4 ,! =d+ ( ! riv]1 !re=e1 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sea is (t5 a haz>d\s und]tak+4 ,to add to ! difficulties ( travell]s1 ! s& :i* cov]s ! pla9 ar\nd ,/4 ,mi*ael's ,m\nt1 & ext5ds "s di/ance inl& & along ! b$ ( ! riv]1 is an exce$+ly f9e1 :ite1 m>ly du/1 :i*1 :5 cov]$ ) wat]1 af=ds mo/ trea*]\s foot+4 ,! b$s ( s&1 moreov]1 frequ5tly %ift accord+ to ! v>y+ curr5ts ( ! tide1 s t ev5 a well accu/om$ travell] may get wrong4 ,^! /atem5ts h prep>$ u = ! disa/]s :i* befel ! p>ty 9 cross+ into ,brittany4 ,! leg5d "h is1 ,,et ,,hic ,,transi]unt ,,flum5 ,,cosnonis--,& "h !y cross$ ! riv] ,cosnon--,mo/ ( ! gr\p1 mi/ru/+ ! trea*]\s =d1 h dism\nt$4 ,"o individual m v5turesome ?an ! re/ reaps ! consequ5ces ( 8 ra%ness4 ,all ^? on foot d n1 h[ev]1 entirely escape4 ,h>old is repres5t$ rescu+ two ( !m f _! difficulties2 "o he be>s ^u 8 back1 ! o!r he drags by ! h&4 ,! inscription is--,,hic ,,h>old ,,dux ,,trahebat ,,eos ,,de ,,ar5a--,"h ,h>old ! ,e>l dragg$ !m out ( ! quicks&4 ,! fi%es & ! eels 9 ! l[] bord] are an appropriate ornam5t4 ,! draftsman has "h indulg$ 9 a little play ( fancy4 ,a man1 ) knife 9 h&1 9 try+ to cat* "o ( ! eels1 tumbles2 8 toe is caught by a wolf1 ^: tail is 9 turn seiz$ by an eagle1 & s ! *apt] ( accid5ts proce$s4 ,! difficulty ( ! =d be+ got ov]1 our p>ty cont9u$ _! m>* t[>ds ,dol1 :i* is "h repres5t$ by a ca/le4 ,! inscription is1 ,,et ,,v5]unt ,,ad ,,dol--,& !y came to ,dol4 ,! pres5t t[n ( ,dol is a rem>kable place1 be>+ ?or\ghly ! aspect ( anci5t days4 ,its walls are tol]ably p]fect4 ,h[ev] antique its walls & h\ses1 its m>ket pres5ts u ) traces ( an antiquity greatly exce$+ !irs4 ,l>ge quantities ( pott]y1 resembl+ 9 =m & sub/ance ! common] k9ds us$ by ! ,romans1 are "h expos$ = sale4 ,x is curi\s to see ,roman ta/e1 z exhibit$ 9 su* fragile articles1 outliv+ ! lapse ( s _m c5turies4 ,z has be5 already /at$1 ,conan int5d$ to invade ,william1 :o1 h[ev]1 anticipat$ him4 ,! ,duke moreov] came ^u him unexpect$ly1 & f\nd him engag$ 9 settl+ a private qu>rel ) ,rual1 to :om ! seigneury ( ! city ( ,dol belong$4 ,! mom5t ! =ces ( ,william made _! appe>ance be=e ! gates ( ,dol1 ,conan 0 con/ra9$ to flee1 & take refuge 9 ,r5nes1 ! capital ( ,brittany4 ,8 army is repres5t$ 9 ! ,tape/ry z flee+ to ! city1 pursu$ by ! troops ( ! ,norman ,duke4 ,ov] ?is sc5e is ! leg5d1 ,,et ,,conan ,,fuga ,,v]tit--,& ,conan betakes himself to flight4 ,rual1 ! "l ( ,dol1 0 b little b5efit$ by ! retreat ( ,conan4 ,william's =ces sc\r$ ! c\ntry1 & suppli$ _! own wants at ! exp5se ( ! inhabitants4 ,rual v politely ?ank$ ,william = 8 deliv]ance1 b h9t$ t if 8 army cont9u$ mak+ su* depr$ations ev]y:]e1 x 0 ! same to him :e!r 8 c\ntry 0 ru9$ by ,bretons or ,normans4 ,william issu$ ord]s prohibit+ fur!r deva/ation4 ,a man is se5 9 ! ,tape/ry lett+ himself d[n by a cord f ! battlem5ts ( ! ca/le2 ?is1 x has be5 conjectur$1 is ! mess5g] s5t to ,duke ,william4 ,a ca/le repres5ts ! city ( ,r5nes1 ov] :i* is inscrib$ ! ^w ,,r$nes4 ,we next meet ) ! t[n ( ,d9an4 ,! inscription reads1 ,,hic ,,milites ,,willelmi ,,ducis ,,pugnant ,,contra ,,d9antes--,"h ! soldi]s ( ,william attack ,d9an4 ,! place is und]go+ all ! calamities ( a siege4 ,"s ( ,william's p>ty are assail+ x1 b _! onset is met by ! ex]tions ( ! g>rison4 ,o!rs apply flames to ! /ructure4 ,we le>n f ! ,tape/ry t ! ca/le 0 oblig$ to yield1 & we see t ! act ( surr5d] is conduct$ 9 a v =mal mann] 7,plate ,,vi74 ,an inhabitant ( ! t[n1 probably ,conan himself1 7,,et ,,cunan ,,claves ,,porrexit--,& ,conan rea*$ out ! keys7 is se5 h&+ out ! keys ^u a lance1 & !y are receiv$ 9 a simil> way by "o ( ! *iefs ( ! attack+ p>ty4 ,bo? spe>s are adorn$ ) a p5non or bann]4#eb ,z we h no acc\nt ( ?is siege 9 ! *ronicles1 we c only ga!r its hi/ory f ! /it*es be=e u4 ,mo/ likely ,william 0 satisfi$ ) ! =mal submission ( ,conan1 & quietly )drew 8 =ces4 ,we d n 9 ! ,tape/ry obs]ve any ( ! invad+ troops ent]+ ! t[n4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r1 we may notice "s ( ! prom95t ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4 features ( ! ca/les :i* h be5 pres5t$ to our view4 ,all ( !m are built ^u elevat$ m\nds4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( an e>ly ,norman =tress4 ,fur!r1 we see t !y 7 surr\nd$ by a fosse1 ! section ( :i*1 9 ! ,tape/ry1 is v boldly m>k$4 ,9 ! case ( ,d9an1 we h a b>ricade on ! outside ( ?is entr5*m5t4 ,besides ^! outworks1 ! ca/les consi/ ( an out] =tification1 or bailey1 & ( an int]ior build+1 or keep4 ,! col\r+ ( ^! /ructures may be purely fanciful1 b ,i am dispos$ to ?9k t ! v]tical /ripes :i* we see ^u "s ( !m repres5t timb]4 ,! rema9s ( "s ca/les 9 ,cornwall inconte/ably prove t1 occasionally at lea/1 ! outside ( ! walls 0 brac$ ) timb]4#ec ,! walls ( ,guild=d ,ca/le are pi]c$ ) holes1 :i* we are told 7 made = ! scaffold+1 & 9 ord] to ha/5 ! dry+ ( ! mort> 7 left unfill$1 & h s9ce rema9$ s4 ,is x n m likely t ^! cavities 7 =m]ly occupi$ by bolts = fa/5+ an outside timb]-cas+ to ! walls8 ,b to proce$ ) ,que5 ,matilda's n>rative4 ,! campaign 9 ,brittany be+ br\ght to a satisfactory conclusion1 ! hon\rs ( knigh?ood await$ ! ,saxon ,e>l4 ,william himself conf]s ^u him ! envi$ dignity4 ,! sup]scription is ,,hic ,,wilelmus ,,d$it ,,h>oldo ,,arma--,"h ,william gave arms to ,h>old4 ,bo? p>ties are %[n 9 ! ,tape/ry arm$ cap-a-pie4 ,h>old holds 9 8 h& ! bann] :i*1 by virtue ( ! rank n[ be/[$ ^u him1 he is entitl$ to be>4 ,william is se5 plac+ ) "o h& ! helmet on ,h>old's head1 & ) ! o!r brac+ ! /raps ( 8 haub]k4 ,! ,norman ,duke1 9 conf]r+ ! hon\r ( knigh?ood ^u 8 adopt$ son 9 arms1 d\btless exhort$ him to fight valiantly 9 ! cause ( ,god & ! ladies1 & especially to be> himself gallantly aga9/ any "o :o %\ld disp>age ! beauty ( t "o lady to :om he _h plight$ 8 tro?4 ,9 ?is way ,william /r5g!n$ ! me%es :i* he _h already ca/ ov] ,h>old4 ,x has be5 notic$ t ! mode ( conf]r+ knigh?ood us$ on ?is occasion is a compromise betwe5 ! ,norman & ,saxon me?ods4 ,+ulphus tells u t ! m9i/rations ( a prie/ 7 requir$ :5 knigh?ood 0 conf]r$ among ! ,saxons1 b t ! ,normans reg>d$ x entirely z a milit>y c]emony4#ed ,fur!r1 :il/ ! ,normans1 ^: milit>y /r5g? lay 9 cavalry1 p]=m$ ! c]emony on horseback1 ! ,saxons1 :o _h no cavalry1 always p]=m$ x on foot4 ,9 ! case be=e u ! c]emony is p]=m$ on foot1 b )\t ! ag5cy ( a prie/4 ,accord+ to ,wace1 ! c]emony ( knigh?ood took place be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! campaign 9 ,brittany4 ,?is is "o ( ^? v>iations :i* prove ! indep5d5ce ( ea* au?ority4 ,william & ,h>old1 :o _h be5 soj\rn+ s long toge!r1 fight+ side by side1 liv+ 9 ! same t5t1 eat+ at ! same bo>d1 n[ came to ,bayeux 7,,willelmvs ,,v5it ,,bagias--,william came to ,bayeux71 & "h ! ,saxon ,e>l came "u t obligation ! brea* ( :i* fill$ m5's m9ds ) horror & indignation4 ,william c\ld n b be aw>e t ,h>old int5d$ to seize ! cr[n ( ,engl& on ! dea? ( ! ,confessor2 he resolv$ !re=e to avail himself ( ! pres5t opportunity ( ?r[+ z _m ob/acles 9 8 pa? z possible4 ,consid]+ t ,h>old _h come ov] pr(ess$ly to ann\nce to ,william t he 0 to be ! successor to ! ,confessor1 consid]+ ! v fri5dly t]ms on :i* !y _h n[ = "s "t be51 & ! v great obligations "u :i* ! ,norman ,duke _h laid him1 he c\ld n refuse to take ! oa?4 ,he no d\bt felt1 moreov]1 t he 0 9 ,william's p[]1 & knew full well t unless he compli$ ) 8 dem& he w\ld n be all[$ to return to 8 native %ores4 ,he !re=e swore to support 8 rival's claims to ! ,engli% ?rone4 ,z ! p]jury ( ,h>old 0 "o ( ! pleas mo/ successfully urg$ by ,william aga9/ 8 oppon5t1 x invites our c>eful att5tion4 ,our fai?ful *ronicl] ,wace gives u a full acc\nt ( ! transaction4-- 8,to receive ! oa? ,william caus$ a p>liam5t to be call$4 ,x is commonly said t x 0 at ,bayeux t he _h 8 great c\ncil assembl$4 ,he s5t = all ! holy bodies ?i!r1 & put s _m ( !m toge!r z to fill a :ole *e/1 & !n cov]$ !m ) a pall2 b ,h>old nei!r saw !m1 nor knew ( _! be+ !re2 = n\ght 0 %[n or told him ab\t x2 & ov] all 0 a philact]y1 ! be/ t he c\ld select4444 ,:5 ,h>old plac$ 8 h& ^u x1 ! h& trembl$ & ! fle% quiv]$2 b he swore & promis$ ^u 8 oa? to take ,ele to wife1 & to deliv] up ,engl& to ! ,duke2 & !reunto to d all 9 8 p[]1 accord+ to 8 might & wit1 aft] ! dea? ( ,edw>d1 if he %\ld live1 s help him ,god & ! holy relics !re6 ,_m cri$ #8,god grant x6' & :5 ,h>old _h kiss$ ! sa9ts & _h ris5 ^u 8 feet1 ! ,duke l$ him up to ! *e/ & made him /& ne> x1 & took (f ! *e/ ! pall t _h cov]$ x1 & %[$ ,h>old ^u :at holy relics he _h sworn2 he 0 sorely al>m$ at ! sight40#ee ,9 ?is acc\nt !re is a little inconsi/5cy4 ,we are told ( ,h>old's amazem5t :5 he _h se5 ! relics1 b we 7 previ\sly in=m$ t :5 he fir/ plac$ 8 h& ^u ! *e/ 8! h& trembl$ & ! fle% quiv]$40 ,if he did n "k t dead m5's bones 7 "u ! pall he mu/ h suspect$ x2 he mu/ h kn[n t ?is 0 ! cu/om>y mode ( tak+ an oa?4#ef ,9 ! ,tape/ry1 ,h>old /&s betwe5 two objects4 ,"o ( !m is a reliqu>y ( ! usual =m1 to :i* two /aves are atta*$ = ! purpose ( c>riage4 ,?is reliqu>y has1 h[ev]1 a sup]alt>e atta*$ to x1 su* z is usually plac$ ^u alt>s = ! purpose ( conta9+ ! consecrat$ waf]4 ,! o!r object is an alt> ( ! usual =m & "*4 ,!re does n seem to h be5 mu* temptation to ,william to practise a trick ^u ,h>old1 = he _h s completely committ$ himself to ! ,duke t he c\ld n avoid tak+ ! oa?1 ev5 ?\gh no cov]+ _h conceal$ ! bones4 ,b :e!r ,william did or did n practise ?is base artifice ^u ! ,e>l1 x 0 natural t ! ,tape/ry1 be+ ! "w ( ,matilda1 %\ld endeav\r to ?r[ a veil ov] x4 ,he is c]ta9ly 9 ! ,tape/ry exhibit$ z swe>+ by ! relics 9 ! *e/ & by ! ho/ ^u ! alt>1 & he evid5tly t\*es !m z if he knew !y conta9$ some?+ v dreadful--he c\ld n approa* r$-hot iron mu* m *>ily4 ,we c readily conceive t aft] ! c]emony ,william1 by way ( mak+ z lively an impression z possible ^u ! m9d ( 8 victim1 display$ ! bones to him 9 all _! sepul*ral hide\sness1 & told !m out 9 full tale be=e him4 ,9 su* a case ,h>old might readily %r9k f ! exhibition1 & be surpris$ at ! numb] ( m>tyrs :i* ,william's dilig5ce _h br\ght toge!r4 ,william 0 too brave a man to attempt ! mean artifice :i* hi/orians ascribe to him4 ,h>old nev] accus$ him ( x4 ,:5 rem9d$ be=e ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 by a mess5g] ( ! ,duke's1 ( ! oa? he _h tak51 he s5t ?is answ] back1 8,say to ! ,duke t ,i desire he w n rem9d me ( my cov5ant nor ( my oa?2 if ,i ev] fooli%ly made x & promis$ him any ?+1 ,i did x = my lib]ty4 ,i swore 9 ord] to get my fre$om2 :atev] he ask$ ,i agre$ to2 & ,i ought n to be reproa*$1 = ,i did no?+ ( my own free w40#eg ,b aft] all1 ?is oa? ( ,h>old's 0 n 9 ! e/imation ( ! m5 ( t day ! s]i\s ?+ t has be5 repres5t$4 ,m5 :om an oa? tak5 9 ! "n & 9 ! pres5ce ( ! liv+ ,god c\ld n b9d1 7 n to be re/ra9$ by any moral influ5ce4 ,a little +5uity only 0 requisite to release a man f an oa? tak5 ^u ! relics4 ,9 ! ,roman de ,r\ we h a case 9 po9t4#eh ,at ,val de ,dunes ! rebel lords ( ,norm&y appe>$ 9 arms aga9/ ! ,duke4 ,be=e ! oppos+ ho/s jo9$1 ,raol ,tesson1 :o 0 array$ aga9/ ,william1 0 se5 to act ) hesitancy4 ,8 m5 bes\ght him n to make w> ^u 8 lawful "l1 :atev] he did1 rem9d+ him t ! man :o w\ld fight aga9/ 8 "l _h no "r to fief or b>ony4 ,raol c\ld und]/& ?is argum5t1 b :at 0 he to d8 he 8_h pl$g$ himself1 & sworn ^u ! sa9ts at ,bayeux to smite ,william :]ev] he %\ld f9d him40 ,! difficulty 0 h[ev] got ov]4 ,ord]+ 8 m5 to re/ :]e !y 71 8he came spurr+ ov] ! pla91 /ruck 8 "l ) 8 glove1 & said laugh+ly to him1 #8,:at ,i h sworn to d t ,i p]=m2 ,i _h sworn to smite y z soon z ,i %\ld f9d y2 & z ,i w\ld n p]jure myself1 ,i h n[ /ruck y to acquit myself ( my oa?1 & h5ce=? ,i w d y no f>!r wrong or felony4' ,!n ! ,duke said1 #8,?anks to !e6' & ,raol !reupon w5t on 8 way back to 8 m540 ,success att5d$ ! side :i* ,raol ?us esp\s$1 & we he> no?+ ( 8 p]jury4 ,h>old fell on ! h>d-f\ght field ( ,ha/+s1 & heav5 & e>? res\nd$ ) cries ( horror at ! f\l s94 ,_h he won1 a new abbey1 or ! re-imposition ( ,pet]'s p5ce1 w\ld h cle>$ (f ! score4 ,h>old 0 n[ p]mitt$ to return home4 ,! %ip 9 :i* he sail$ is repres5t$ 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,ov] ! sc5e is ! inscription1 ,,hic ,,h>old ,,dux ,,rev]sus ,,e/ ,,ad ,,anglicam ,,t]ram--,"h ,h>old ! ,e>l return$ to ,engl&4 ,8 approa* to ! %ore is anxi\sly look$ = by a wat*man on ! top ( ! gate-t[] ( 8 palace at ,bo%am4 ,on rea*+ ! l& ( 8 nativity ,h>old lo/ no "t 9 repair+ to c\rt--,,et ,,v5it ,,ad ,,edw>dvm ,,regem--,& came to ,edw>d ! ,k+4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,plate ,,vii4 we see him 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 sov]eign1 :o reprim&s him1 z we h already obs]v$ 7p4 #bh71 = ! misc>riage ( 8 ,commission4 ,v4 ,,! ,,succession4 8,cr[n$ b to die40---- ,rog]s4 ,! latt] days ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor 7 embitt]$ by ! prospect ( ^? evils :i* he saw 7 com+ ^u ,engl&4 ,on ! ,ea/] day be=e he di$ he held 8 c\rt at ,we/m9/]4 ,william ( ,malmesbury tells u t 8,:ile ! re/ 7 gre$ily eat+1 & mak+ up = ! long fa/ ( ,l5t by ! newly-provid$ vi&s1 he 0 absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( "s div9e matt]1 :5 pres5tly he excit$ ! att5tion ( ! gue/s by bur/+ into pr(use laught]40 ,on e>ne/ enquiry be+ made ( him z to ?is unusual circum/ance1 he said 8t ! sev5 sleep]s 9 ,m\nt ,clius1 :o _h la9 = two hundr$ ye>s on _! "r side1 _h n[ turn$ ^u _! left2 t !y w\ld cont9ue to lie 9 ?is mann] = sev5ty-f\r ye>s1 :i* w\ld be a dreadful om5 to wret*$ mortals4 ,nation w\ld rise aga9/ nation1 & k+dom aga9/ k+dom2 e>?quakes w\ld be 9 div]s places2 pe/il5ce & fam9e1 t]rors f heav51 & great signs2 *anges 9 k+doms2 w>s ( ! g5tiles aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 & also victories ( ! ,*ri/ians ov] ! pagans40#ei ,?is 0 n ! only vision he _h4 ,on "o occasion he _h la9 two days spee*less2 on ! ?ird1 sadly & deeply sigh+ z he awoke f 8 torpor1 he said1 t two monks f ,norm&y :om he _h kn[n 9 8 y\? _h appe>$ to him1 & _h spok5 to ! foll[+ effect3--8,s9ce ! *iefs ( ,engl&1 ! dukes1 bi%ops1 & abbots1 are n ! m9i/]s ( ,god1 b ( ! devil1 ,god1 aft] y\r dea?1 w deliv] ?is k+dom1 = a ye> & a day into ! h&s ( ! enemy1 & devils %all w&] ov] all ! l&40#fj ,borne d[n by ^! pa9ful anticipations1 ,edw>d rapidly sank4 ,feel+ dea? approa*1 he ha/5$ ! completion ( ! abbey *ur* ( ,we/m9/]1 9 :i* he design$ t 8 body %\ld be laid4 ,he liv$ to realize ?is 8 la/ c>e4 ,rog] ( ,w5dov] says1 8,edw>d ,k+ ( ,engl&1 held 8 c\rt at ,*ri/mas 7#ajfe7 at ,we/m9/]2 &1 on ! bless$ ,innoc5ts' day1 caus$ ! *ur* :i* he _h erect$ f its f\ndations1 outside ! city ( ,london1 to be d$icat$ ) great pomp 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ! pr9ce ( ! apo/les2 b bo? be=e & dur+ ! solemn fe/ival ( ?is d$ication1 ! ,k+ 0 conf9$ ) sev]e illness40 ,at l5g? 8! pacific ,k+ ,edw>d1 ! glory ( ,engl&1 ! son ( ,k+ ,e!lr$1 ex*ang$ a temporal = an et]nal k+dom1 9 ! f\r? indiction1 on ! vigil ( our ,"l's ,epiphany1 be+ ! fif? day ( ! week4 ,! day aft] 8 dea? ! mo/ bless$ ,k+ 0 buri$ at ,london1 9 ! *ur* :i* he himself _h built 9 a new & co/ly /yle ( ar*itecture1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds adopt$ by numb]s40#fa ,! ,tape/ry exhibits to u ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] at ,we/m9/]1 & ! fun]al procession ( ! rec5tly dep>t$ mon>*4 ,! *ur* is a build+ ( ! ,norman /yle 9 its greate/ simplicity4 ,z is usual 9 ca!drals & conv5tual *ur*es ( ! fir/ class1 x has its t[] 9 ! c5tre1 & is provid$ ) transepts4 ,! wea!rcock may p]haps excite att5tion1 z prov+ t ?is app5dage ( our *ur*es is no novelty4 ,x appe>s 9 ! ,saxon illu/rations ( ,cdmon4 ,b :at is p>ticul>ly wor?y ( our notice is1 t a workman appe>s to be 9 ! act ( affix+ x4 ,by ?is1 ! design] ( ! ,tape/ry means to %[ t ! *ur* 0 b j complet$ :5 ! int]m5t ( ! ,confessor took place4 ,a h& appe>s ov] ! we/]n end ( ! *ur* to d5ote ! f+] ( ,provid5ce1 & to indicate t x 0 ! w ( ,god t ! rema9s ( ! dep>t$ ,k+ %\ld be deposit$ 9 t build+4 ,a simil> h& appe>s on ! co9s ( "s ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 & 9 sev]al ( ! sculptures ( ! catacombs at ,rome4 ,?is is ano!r indication t ! arti/ 0 acqua9t$ ) ! ,roman me?od ( treat+ su* subjects4 ,we next meet ) ! fun]al ( ! ,k+4 ,! circum/ance :i* *iefly /rikes u 9 x is its simplicity4 ,no gild$ cross is borne be=e ! body4 ,no c&les1 light$ or unlight$1 are c>ri$ 9 procession4 ,! att5dants1 cl]ical & lay1 we> _! ord9>y dresses4 ,two y\?s g by ! side ( ! bi]1 r++ bells4 ,t ! p]sons :o foll[ ! be>]s are ecclesia/ics is evid5t f _! %av5 cr[ns4 ,two ( !m h books1 f ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4 :i* !y *ant "s requiem4 ,only "o ( !m has a mantle1 betok5+ him to be a p]son ( importance4 ,! body1 agreeably to ! ,saxon cu/om1 has be5 w\nd up 9 a clo?1 fa/5$ ) transv]se b&ages4#fb ,x is c>ri$ head-=emo/4 ,at a date n long subsequ5t to ! ,conque/ x 0 usual to c>ry ! bodies ( pr9ces to ! grave fully expos$ to view1 dress$ 9 all ! habilim5ts ( /ate4 ,! body1 on arriv+ at ! place ( sepulture1 w\ld be deposit$ 9 ! /one c(f9 t 0 prep>$ to receive x4#fc ,! leg5d "h is1 ,,hic ,,portatur ,,corpus ,,eadw>di ,,regis ,,ad ,,ecclesiam ,,sancti ,,petri ,,apo/oli--,"h ! body ( ,k+ ,edw>d is c>ri$ to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,pet] ! ,apo/le4 ,on proce$+ to ! next comp>tm5t we are surpris$ at be+ introduc$ into ! *amb] ( ! dy+ ,k+1 ^: rema9s we h already se5 conduct$ to ! grave4 ,"s writ]s ?9k t "h ! arti/ has be5 guilty ( an ov]sight1 or t ! fair ladies :o c>ri$ out 8 design h be5 v inatt5tive to _! in/ructions4 ,! seem+ inconsi/5cy is v easily expla9$4 ,a new subject is n[ ent]$ ^u1 & t subject is ! "r ( succession4 ,"o important elem5t 9 x is ! grant ( ! ,k+4 ,! hi/orian ( ! ,tape/ry1 9 discuss+ ?is v important "p ( 8 design1 f\nd x necess>y to rev]t to ! sc5es :i* prec$$ ! dea? ( ! ,confessor1 & to ! directions :i* 9 8 la/ mom5ts he _h giv54 ,! n>rative :i* ,wace gives u ( ! la/ h\rs ( ! ,k+ agrees well ) ! ,tape/ry4 8,! day came t no man c escape1 & ,k+ ,edw>d drew ne> to die4 ,he _h x mu* at he>t t ,william %\ld h 8 k+dom1 if possible2 b he 0 too f> (f1 & x 0 too long to t>ry = him1 & ,edw>d c\ld n def] 8 h\r4 ,he lay 9 heavy sickness1 9 ! illness :]e( he 0 to die2 & he 0 v weak1 = dea? press$ h>d ^u him4 ,!n ,h>old assembl$ 8 k9dr$1 & s5t = 8 fri5ds & o!r p1 & ent]$ into ! ,k+'s *amb]1 tak+ ) him :omsoev] he pleas$4 ,an ,engli%man began to speak fir/1 z ,h>old _h direct$ him1 & said1 #8,sire1 we sorr[ greatly t we are ab\t to lose !e2 & we are mu* al>m$1 & fe> t great tr\ble may come ^u u4 ,no heir ( ?9e rema9s :o may com=t u aft] ?y dea?4444 ,on ?is acc\nt ! p weep & cry al\d1 & say !y are ru9$1 & t !y %all nev] h peace aga91 if ?\ faile/ !m4 ,& 9 ?is ,i tr[ !y say truly2 = )\t a k+ !y w h no peace1 & a k+ !y _c h1 save ?r\gh !e4444 ,behold ! be/ ( ?y p1 ! noble/ ( ?y fri5ds2 all are come to besee* !e1 & ?\ mu/ grant _! pray] be=e ?\ goe/ h5ce1 or ?\ wilt n see ,god4 ,all come to implore !e t ,h>old may be ,k+ ( ?is l&4 ,we c give !e no bett] advice1 & no bett] can/ ?\ d4' ,z soon z he _h nam$ ,h>old1 all ! ,engli% 9 ! *amb] cri$ out t he said well1 & t ! ,k+ ought to give he$ to him4 #8,sire6' !y said1 #8if ?\ do/ x n we %all nev] 9 our lives h peace4' ,!n ! ,k+ sat up 9 8 b$1 & turn$ 8 face to ! ,engli% !re1 & said1 #8,seigniors6 y well "k1 & h (t-times he>d1 t ,i h giv5 my realm at my dea? to ! ,duke ( ,norm&y2 & z ,i h giv5 x1 s h "s among y sworn t x %all g4' ,b ,h>old1 :o /ood by1 said1 #8,:atev] ?\ ha/ h]et(ore done1 sire6 cons5t n[ t ,i %all be ,k+1 & t y\r l& be m9e4 ,i wi% = no o!r title1 & want no "o to d any ?+ m = me4' ,s ! ,k+ turn$ r\nd & said1 :e!r ( 8 own free w ,i "k n1--#8,let ! ,engli% make ei!r ! ,duke or ,h>old k+1 z !y please2 ,i cons5t4' ,s he let ! b>ons h _! own w40#fd ,?is n>rative be>s all ! m>ks ( probability1 & is q consi/5t ) ! repres5tations ( ! ,tape/ry4 ,! circum/ance ( ! dy+ mon>*'s hav+ be5 clamor\sly assail$1 at a "t :5 peace is mo/ requir$1 by ! adh]5ts ( ,h>old1 9 ord] to induce him to alt] ! arrangem5ts he _h already made respect+ ! succession1 0 calculat$ to w9 = ! ,duke ! sympa?y ( all "r-m9d$ p]sons4 ,/ill1 ! "q rema9s1 :y %\ld ,h>old h be5 s anxi\s to be nom9at$ ! successor ( ! ,confessor8 ,?ree circum/ances seem to h con/itut$ a legal claim to ! ?rone among ! ,anglo-,saxons--heir%ip1 ! appo9tm5t ( ! dep>t$ mon>*1 & ! election ( ! nobles4 ,t heir%ip alone did n con/itute a valid claim to ! ?rone is pla9 f ! w ( ,k+ ,alfr$1 :i* has be5 pres]v$ by ,ass]4 ,he !re /yles himself k+ ( ! :ole ( ,wessex1 by ! cons5t ( ! nobility1 nobilitatis cons5su p>it] et ass5su rex2 & 9 ! same public act decl>es t he inh]it$ ! k+dom1 aft] 8 two bro!rs ,e!lbald & ,e!lr$1 by ! w ( 8 fa!r1 de h]$itate1 quam pat] meus ,e!lwulphus 444 delegavit4 ,x is q evid5t1 !re=e1 t a ?or\ghly valid claim to ! cr[n 0 ( ! triple nature n[ repres5t$4 ,z nei!r ,h>old nor ,william belong$ to ! royal l9e ( ,engl&1 ! rema9+ s\rces ( "r became ( ! m importance to !m4 ,let u n[ rev]t to ! ,tape/ry4 ,! feeble condition ( ! ,k+ is well repres5t$4 ,an att5dant is support+ him beh9d ) a pill[1 :il/ he makes an attempt to speak4 ,! blackness ( dea? has settl$ ^u 8 %runk5 c\nt5ance4 ,a prie/ dress$ 9 canonicals /&s by1 ^: uplift$ h& & sorr[-/rick5 face seem to say t ! gr& climax is at h&4 ,a lady at ! foot ( ! b$ weeps2 %e is d\btless ! wife ( ! ,confessor1 ! si/] ( ,h>old4 ,h>old is eag]ly press+ 8 claim4 ,! leg5d "h is1 ,,hic ,,eadw>dus ,,rex ,,9 ,,lecto ,,alloquit3 ,,fideles--,"h ,k+ ,edw>d on 8 b$ addresses 8 fai?ful att5dants4 ,und]nea? is a sc5e1 :i* ! inscription expla9s1 ,,et ,,hic ,,defunctus ,,e/--,& "h he is dead4 ,a prie/ 9 canonicals is aga9 pres5t1 probably ! "o we saw above1 & two att5dants wrap up ! body = burial4 ,! comp>tm5t be=e u is ! only "o 9 ! ,tape/ry 9 :i* two sc5es are giv5 9 "o bread?4 ,?is is probably n )\t design4 ,! dea? & burial ( ,edw>d1 & ! election & coronation ( ,h>old1 all took place )9 eight-&-=ty h\rs4 ,x 0 ( great importance to ,h>old to get actual possession ( ! cr[n be=e ,william c\ld put 9 8 claim4 ,x 0 usual 9 ^! times to p]=m ! c]emonies ( coronation only at "o ( ! great fe/ivals ( ! *ur*4 ,edw>d di$ on ! la/ day b "o ( ,*ri/mas1 & = ,h>old to wait till ,ea/]1 ! next fe/ival1 0 to ?r[ away ! important advantage :i* he _h ga9$ ov] 8 rival4 ,h5ce ! rapidity ) :i* ! coronation ( ,h>old foll[$ ! dea? ( ! ,confessor4 ,x is to %[1 t no soon] _h ! vital _s fl$ ?an prep>ations = ! burial 7 begun1 t we h ! two sc5es 9 ! same comp>tm5t4 ,! next pictures repres5t ! election & coronation ( ,h>old4 ,william ( ,malmesbury says1 8,:ile ! grief = ! ,k+'s dea? 0 yet fre%1 ,h>old1 on ! v day ( ! ,epiphany1 seiz$ ! diadem1 & extort$ f ! nobles _! cons5t2 ?\gh ! ,engli% say1 t x 0 grant$ him by ! ,k+40 ,9 _m respects ! ,tape/ry is m c&id ?an ! ,*ronicl]s4 ,x "h says1 ,,hic ,,d$]unt ,,h>oldo ,,coronam ,,regis--,"h !y gave ! cr[n ( ! ,k+ to ,h>old2 & ! next leg5d is1 ,,hic ,,residet ,,h>old ,,rex ,,anglorum--,"h is seat$ ,h>old1 ,k+ ( ! ,engli%4 ,"o contempor>y writ] d5ies t ,h>old 0 ano9t$ at all1 or _h any claim b 8 own usurpation4 ,9 ! ,doomsday ,survey1 ,h>old is m5tion$ z seldom z possible1 & :5 8 "n does occur x is n z ,k+ ,h>old1 b ,h>old ! ,e>l4 ,! ,norman *ronicl]s1 writ+ subsequ5tly to ! "t :5 ,william _h e/abli%$ 8 conque/1 seldom write 8 "n )\t app5d+ "s d]ogatory epi!t to x1 su* z 8! p]fidi\s & p]jur$ ,k+ ,h>old40 ,all ?is seems to fav\r ! idea t ! ,tape/ry 0 design$ dur+ ! fir/ visit ( ,william to ,norm&y4 ,he _h n !n brok5 fai? ) ! ,saxon nobles :o ?rong$ 8 c\rt2 he 0 n yet indep5d5t ( _! good w1 s t 9 /at+ 8 own claims to ! cr[n1 he f\nd x necess>y n entirely to ignore _! views4 ,aft] he 0 firmly e/abli%$1 he c>$ n :at wom5 /it*$ or cl]ks wrote4 ,! arti/ has manag$ ! election-sc5e v adroitly4 ,"o nobleman1 9 ! "n ( ! p1 (f]s ,h>old ! cr[n1 :i*1 z he intimates by ! f+] direct$ t[>ds ! dea?-sc5e ( ,edw>d1 he has j tak5 f ! head ( t mon>*4 ,h>old looks mo/ wi/fully at x4 ,he seems to say--,i %\ld l v mu* to h x1 b ,i "k x does n belong to me4 ,= a mom5t he =be>s to ext5d 8 h& to grasp x4 ,8 "r elb[ is t[>ds x1 b 8 h& rema9s ^u 8 belt4 ,on a l9e ) ! cr[n is an axe1 held by ano!r nobleman1 some:at significantly turn$ t[>ds ,h>old4 ,h>old has 8 own ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4 axe 9 8 left h&1 & x too1 ?\gh app>5tly by accid5t1 is turn$ t[>ds himself4 ,! ,norman arti/1 9 ?us manag+ ! subject1 manife/ly s]ves ! cause ( ,william bett] ?an if he _h altoge!r dis[n$ ! fact ( ,h>old's election4 ,t ,h>old %\ld h be5 elect$ by ! p is no?+ wond]ful4 ,! native population _h groan$ "u ! dom9ation ( a cr[d ( =eign]s1 br\ght ov] by ,edw>d ! ,confessor4 ,!y mu/ h felt t "u ,william1 a ,norman by l9eage z well z education1 ! evil w\ld be p]petuat$ & increas$4 ,h5ce !y gave _! voices mo/ cordially & unanim\sly = ! ,saxon4 ,mo/ ( ! ,engli% *ronicl]s di/9ctly /ate1 t ,h>old 0 duly elect$ to ! (fice by ! nobles4 ,?us ,rog] ( ,hov$51 foll[+ ,flor5ce ( ,worce/]1 writes1 8,aft] 8 burial1 ! ,vic]oy ,h>old1 son ( ,e>l ,godw91 :om be=e 8 decease ! k+ _h appo9t$ 8 successor1 0 elevat$ to ! ?rone by all ! *ief m5 ( ,engl&1 & 0 on ! same day1 ) due hon\r1 consecrat$ k+40#fe ,t ,h>old did n ?ru/ himself ^u ! p1 is abundantly prov$ by ! fact t n "o man ( ,saxon blood des]t$ him ^u ! l&+ ( ,william4 ,9 our days ! great reason :i* r5d]$ a /rictly h]$it>y succession to ! cr[n inexp$i5t does n exi/4 ,! adoption ( t wise maxim t a mon>* c only rule by 8 m9i/]s1 r5d]s ! p]sonal qualifications ( ! mon>* ( less importance ?an 9 =m] days4 ,/ill1 ev5 9 our "t1 a remnant exi/s ( ! anci5t =m ( election4 ,9 ! coronation s]vice ! k+ is direct$1 aft] ent]+ ! *ur* & att5d+ to 8 private devotions1 to take 8 seat1 n on ! ?rone1 b on ! *air be=e & bel[ ! ?rone1 & !re repose himself4 ,!n ! fir/ "p ( ! s]vice1 call$ ! 8,recognition10 is to be proce$$ )4 ,9 x ! ar*bi%op1 accompani$ by ! great (fic]s ( /ate1 sev]ally addresses ! assembly nor?w>ds & s\?w>ds1 ea/w>ds & we/w>ds1 say+1 ) a l\d voice1 ! k+ mean:ile /&+ up1 8,sirs6 ,i "h pres5t unto y ---- ! und\bt$ k+ ( ?is realm3 :]e=e all ( y :o are come ?is day to d y\r homage1 are y will+ to d ! same80 ,x is n until ! p1 ?us sev]ally address$1 h signifi$ _! ass5t by cry+ out1 8,god save ! k+60 t ! c]emony is proce$$ )4 ,h>old1 ?\gh he well knew ! dang]s att5d+ ! /ep1 accept$ ! cr[n4 ,few c\ld h reject$ ! tempt+ (f]4 ,he 0 moreov] a brave man1 & ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ,saxon feel+4 ,he 0 will+ to p]il 8 life = ! national peculi>ities ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he 0 accord+ly /raightway ano9t$1 & ! ,tape/ry next exhibits him seat$ ^u 8 ?rone1 manife/+ all ! pomp & dignity ( a k+4 ,! ?rone is consid]ably elevat$ above ! floor ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,! sceptre is 9 "o h&1 ! ball 9 ! o!r4 ,8 (fic]s pres5t him ) ! sword ( ju/ice4 ,on 8 left h& /&s ,/ig&1 9 8 ar*iepiscopal robes4 ,! sup]scription calls him ,/igant1 :i* seems fur!r to %[ t ! arti/ 0 n an ,engli%man4 ,wace ! *ronicl]1 :o 0 a ,norman1 usually calls ,h>old1 ,h]aut4 ,! inscription gives ,/ig& 8 title ( ,ar*bi%op--,,ar*ieps1 a contraction = ,,ar*iepiscopus4 ,at a p]iod lat] ?an t 9 :i* we h suppos$ ! ,tape/ry to h be5 prep>$1 he w\ld n h be5 s d5om9at$4 ,= a v>iety ( reasons ,/ig& 0 di/a/eful to ! au?orities ( ,rome4 ,= "s ye>s prior to ! ,conque/1 ! paym5t ( ,pet]'s p5ce _h be5 discont9u$1 & ,/ig&1 9 common ) all ,engli%m51 0 look$ ^u coldly4 ,/ig&1 moreov]1 _h succe$$ ! ,norman ar*bi%op1 ,rob]t de ,jumieges1 :o _h be5 expell$ ! c\ntry 9 ! ris+ "u ,godw94 ,! ,normans 7 at ?is "t bett] *ur*m5 ?an ! ,engli%4 ,/ig& fur!r1 9 common ) ! majority ( ! ,saxon cl]gy1 0 an advocate ( 8! old] doctr9e ( ! eu*>i/20 ,lanfranc1 :o sup]s$$ him1 01 9 common ) ! au?orities at ,rome1 an ard5t ma9ta9] ( ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation4 ,"u all ^! circum/ances1 ,/ig&1 on be+ made ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury by ! ,confessor1 0 n v sangu9e ( hav+ ! appo9tm5t confirm$ by ! ,pope1 & in/ead ( mak+ an imm$iate application to ,rome1 quietly took possession ( ! pallium1 :i* 8 pr$ecessor 9 8 ha/e _h left beh9d him4 ,at l5g? he did apply1 & ,b5$ict ,x41 = reasons aris+ out ( 8 own peculi> position1 grant$ him ! pallium4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 only made matt]s worse4 ,b5$ict ,x4 0 spe$ily de?ron$ by an army f beyond ! m\nta9s1 & a new pope elect$1 :o excommunicat$ 8 pr$ecessor & annull$ all 8 acts4 ,/ig&1 !re=e1 f\nd himself once m )\t ! pallium1 accus$ ( usurpation1 & *>g$ ) a new & mu* m s]i\s crime1 t ( hav+ solicit$ ! fav\r & c\nt5ance ( a false & excommunicat$ pope4 ,if ! ,tape/ry _h be5 con/ruct$ aft] ,lanfranc _h plant$ 8 foot ^u ! necks ( ! ,engli% cl]gy1 ,/ig& w\ld n h be5 d5om9at$ ar*bi%op4 ,:5 ,william ( ,malmesbury has occasion to "n him1 he calls him 8! pret5d$ & false ar*bi%op40 ,! ,norman *ronicl]s1 = ! mo/ "p1 agree ) ! ,tape/ry 9 /at+ t ,h>old 0 cr[n$ by ,/ig&1 ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,flor5ce ( ,worce/] & ,rog] ( ,hov$5 /ate1 t ! solemn c]emony 0 p]=m$ by ,aldr$1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,york4 ,rog] ( ,w5dov] says t ! ,k+ 8plac$ ! diadem on 8 own head40 ,! dress ( ! ar*bi%op ne>ly resembles t ( a ,roman ,ca?olic prelate ( ! pres5t day4 ,! /ole w be obs]v$4 ,! pallium1 :i* subsequ5tly 0 made ( pure :ite wool1 is 9 ,/ig&'s case purple4#ff ,! maniple :i*1 at a lat] p]iod 0 worn ^u ! arm ( ! prie/1 is 9 ! ,tape/ry1 & o!r contemporane\s draw+s1 plac$ on ! wri/4 ,b ! circum/ance mo/ obs]vable 9 ! co/ume ( ,/ig& is ! abs5ce ( ! mitre4 ,?is di/9ctive decoration ( ! episcopal (fice seems n to h be5 kn[n at ?is p]iod4 ,x is n met ) 9 ! ,catacombs ( ,rome4 ,9 ! illu/rations ( ! ,b5$ictional ( ,/4 !lwold we h prie/s & apo/les 9 great numb]s1 b none ( !m we> a mitre1 unless ! circle r\nd ! head ( ,/4 ,b5$ict be "o4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! illu/rations ( ! metrical ,p>aphrase ( ,cdmon4 ,! bi%ops ( ! ,lewes *ess-m51 :i* seem to h be5 execut$ ab\t ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury1 probably furni% u ) ! e>lie/ ,briti% examples ( a mitre4 ,! mitres worn by ! ecclesia/ics :o support ! head ( ! sov]eign on ! tomb ( ,k+ ,john1 at ,worce/]1 are also e>ly examples4#fg ,9 an ap>tm5t next to t 9 :i* ! c]emonies ( ! coronation are be+ solemniz$ sev]al spectators are assembl$1 express+ by _! ge/ures surprise & appreh5sion4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #ajff an ev5t occurr$ :i* fill$ ! m9ds ( m5 ) al>m4 ,at ,ea/] a comet appe>$1 :i* is notic$ by ne>ly all ! *ronicl]s4 ,wace ?us describes x3--8,n[ :ile ^! ?+s 7 do+ a great /> appe>$1 %9+ = f\rte5 days1 ) ?ree long rays /ream+ t[>ds ! e>?2 su* a /> z is wont to be se5 :5 a k+dom is ab\t to *ange its k+4 ,i h se5 _m m5 :o saw x1 m5 ( full age at ! "t1 & :o liv$ _m ye>s aft]4 ,^? :o w\ld disc\rse ( ! />s call x a comet40 ,our wor/$ a/ronom]s h produc$ a v brilliant meteor1 ) m ?an twice ?ree /reams ( fire issu+ f x4 ,fe> d\btless prov$ a multiply+ glass 9 _! h&s4 ,?is draw+ is1 h[ev]1 rem>kable1 z furni%+ u ) ! e>lie/ repres5tation t we h ( ^! erratic bodies4 ,! discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce h atta*$ a peculi> degree ( int]e/ to ?is comet4 ,halley1 ! a/ronom]1 hav+ notic$ t a brilliant comet _h be5 se5 9 ! ye>s #aeca1 #afjg & #afhb1 conceiv$ ! idea t x 0 ! same body :i* _h appe>$ on ^! sev]al occasions1 & v5tur$ to affirm t comets1 l ! o!r heav5ly objects ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 obey$ ! laws ( gravitation4 ,! reappe>ance ( ?is comet 9 #agei e/abli%$ 8 position1 & prov$ t its p]iodic "t 0 ab\t sev5ty-sev5 ye>s4 ,^! facts1 toge!r ) ! subsequ5t accurate calculation ( ! orbit ( ! body1 enable u to c>ry back our reckon+s1 s z to r5d] x highly probable t ! comet :i* al>m$ our ance/ors is t :i* be>s ! "n ( ,halley1 & ^: return 9 ! ye> #ahce 0 look$ =w>d to by ! civiliz$ _w ) s mu* delightful anticipation4 ,mr4 ,h9de1 9 8 rec5tly publi%$ book on ,comets1 says1 8,!re is consid]able probability 9 fav\r ( ! appe>ance ( ! comet 9 ! ye> ( ! ,norman conque/1 or 9 ,april #ajff4 ,?is fam\s body1 :i* a/oni%$ ,europe 9 t ye>1 is m9utely1 ?\gh n v cle>ly1 describ$ 9 ! ,*9ese annals1 & its pa?1 !re assign$1 is f\nd to agree ) elem5ts :i* h great resemblance to ^? ( ,halley's comet4444 ,x 0 equal to ! full moon 9 size1 & its tra91 at fir/ %ort1 increas$ to a wond]ful l5g?4 ,almo/ e hi/orian & writ] ( ! elev5? c5tury be>s witness to ! spl5d\r ( ! comet ( #ajff1 9 :i* we are dispos$ to recognise ! comet ( ,halley40#fh ,! leg5d to ?is "p ( ! ,tape/ry is1 ,,i/i ,,mirant ,,/ellam--,^! m5 wond] at ! />4 ,! m9ds ( m5 7 n long kept 9 susp5se4 ,! next comp>tm5t exhibits ,k+ ,h>old seat$ on 8 ?rone1 b5d+ d[n 8 e> v eag]ly to a mess5g] :o has arriv$ ) important intellig5ce4 ,! nature ( x is expla9$ by ! dreamy-l flotilla :i* is %[n 9 ! l[] bord]4 ,h>old1 on succe$+ to ! ?rone1 neglect$ to dispossess ( _! (fices ! ,norman fav\rites :om ,edw>d left beh9d him4 ,he no d\bt ?\ght1 by conciliation1 to procure _! good w4 ,he 0 mi/ak54 ,a %ip is imm$iately fitt$ out1 & mess5g]s s5t to ,norm&y to acqua9t ! ,duke ) ! important ev5ts :i* _h j transpir$4 ,?is is %[n 9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,viii47 9 a sc5e :i* is sup]scrib$1 ,,hic ,,navis ,,anglica ,,v5it ,,9 ,,t]ram ,,willelmi ,,ducis--,"h an ,engli% %ip came to ! t]ritory ( ,duke ,william4 ,william takes ! news 9 t]rible dudgeon4 ,we see him 9 ! next comp>tm5t sitt+ erect ^u 8 ducal ?rone we>+ an air ( great indignation4 ,8 mantle seems to h p>tak5 ( ! passion ( its we>]1 & is exp&$ to its full dim5sions4 ,wace tells u1 8,! ,duke 0 9 8 p>k 9 ,r\54 ,he held 9 8 h& a b[1 :i* he _h /rung & b5t1 mak+ x ready = ! arr[ 444 :51 behold6444 a s]jeant appe>$1 :o came j\rney+ f ,engl& 444 :o w5t /raight to ! ,duke1 & told him privily t ,k+ ,edw>d 0 dead1 & t ,h>old 0 rais$ to be k+4 ,:5 ! ,duke _h li/5$ to him 444 he became z a man enrag$1 & left ! craft ( ! woods4 ,(t he ti$ 8 mantle1 & (t he unti$ x aga92 & spoke to no man1 nei!r d>$ any man speak to him4 ,!n he cross$ ! ,se9e 9 a boat1 & came to 8 hall & ent]$ !re92 & sat d[n at ! end ( a b5*1 %ift+ 8 place f "t to "t1 cov]+ 8 face ) 8 mantle1 & re/+ 8 head aga9/ a pill>4 ,?us he rema9$ long1 9 deep ?\ght1 = no "o d>$ to speak to him2 b _m ask$ aside1 #8:at ails ! ,duke8 :y makes he su* bad *e]8'0 ,once1 9 m rec5t hi/ory1 a man /&+ on ! %ores ( ,france 0 simil>ly agitat$4 ,napoleon _h ord]$ 8 fleets to ! ,we/ ,indies1 9 ord] t !y might lead ,nelson into a pursuit1 & sudd5ly return+ ga9 possession ( ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,long & anxi\sly did he wat* ! signals :i* 7 to tell him t 8 po9t 0 ga9$--b he saw !m n4 ,:5 x 0 h9t$ t ,vill5euve1 in/ead ( =c+ 8 way to ,bre/1 might possibly h /e]$ = ,cadiz1 he gave way to successive gu/s ( passion1 & read & re-read ! despat*es ( ,vill5euve & ( ,lauri/on4 ,:5 told1 at la/1 t beyond a d\bt ,vill5euve 0 at ,cadiz1 /rong excesses ( passion aga9 ensu$1 & ! ,army ( ,engl& 0 transf]r$ f ! heights ( ,b\logne to ! pla9s ( ,au/]litz4 ,,vi4 ,,prep>ations4 8,curate1 ut spl5dor meo sit clypeo cl>ior1 ,quam solis radii esse olim1 quum sudum '/1 sol5t3 ,ut1 ubi usus v5iat1 contra cons]ta manu1 ,pr/r+at oculorum aciem 9 acie ho/ibus40 ,plautus4 ,! ,duke ( ,norm&y 0 a bold man1 & 0 n dispos$ to attempt any ?+ t he 0 n prep>$ to pursue to ! end4 ,he knew t ,h>old1 ) ! p[] ( ,engl& at 8 disposal1 0 no despicable enemy1 & he resolv$ to =tify 8 cause 9 e possible way4 ,! sea 0 to him an object ( great dread1 z he knew x w\ld be to 8 foll[]s4 8,if10 he said1 8he c\ld attack & puni% !m )\t cross+ ! sea1 he w\ld will+ly h done s2 b he w\ld r cross ! sea ?an n rev5ge himself & pursue 8 "r40 ,william s5t mess5g]s to ,h>old dem&+ ! cr[n1 & rem9d+ him ( 8 oa?4 ,he w\ld n h done ?is _h he lo/ any "t by x4 ,h>old's reply 0 wor?y ( a con/itutional mon>*4 8,x is true t ,i took an oa? to ,william2 b ,i took x "u con/ra9t4 ,i promis$ :at did n belong to me2 a promise :i* ,i c\ld n 9 any way p]=m4 ,my royal au?ority is n my own2 ,i c\ld n lay x d[n aga9/ ! w ( my c\ntry2 nor c ,i1 aga9/ ! w ( ! c\ntry1 take a =eign wife40#fi ,william ref]r$ ! case to ! ,pope4 ,h>old1 consci\s t he 0 act+ inconsi/5tly ) 8 oa?1 fe>+ t ! cause w\ld n be imp>tially he>d1 or n *oos+ to submit ! de/9ies ( ,engl& to ! decision ( a =eign]1 made no appeal to ! ,holy ,fa!r4 ,! result ( ,william's application 01 t ! ,pope 8grant$ 8 reque/1 & s5t him a gonfanon1 & a v preci\s1 ri*1 & fair r+1 :i*1 he said1 _h "u ! /one "o ( ,/4 ,pet]'s hairs4 ,) ^! tok5s he comm&$1 & 9 ,god's "n grant$ to him1 t he %\ld conqu] ,engl&1 & hold x ( ,/4 ,pet]40#gj ,william1 h[ev]1 reli$ nei!r ^u ! t5d]ness ( ,h>old's consci5ce nor ^u ! ,pope's s5se ( ju/ice--he look$ ma9ly to 8 b>ons & reta9]s4 ,he summon$ all :o ow$ him suit & s]vice to meet him 9 8 ca/le at ,lillebone4 ,he !re op5$ to !m 8 design ( invad+ ,engl&1 & urg$ !m to d\ble = ?is occasion ! am\nt ( _! usual contributions ( m5 & money4 ,! acc\nt giv5 ( ?is meet+ af=ds u a good idea ( ! noisy nature ( ! p>liam5ts ( t day--a feature :i* !y /ill occasionally exhibit4 8,!y rema9$ long 9 c\ncil1 & ! debate la/$ a great :ile2 = !y hesitat$ long among !mselves :at !y %\ld say1 :at answ] !y %\ld give1 & :at aid !y w\ld af=d4 ,!y compla9$ mu* to ea* o!r1 say+ t !y _h be5 (t5 aggriev$2 & !y murmur$ mu*1 conf]r+ toge!r 9 small p>ties2 "h five1 !re fifte51 "h =ty1 !re ?irty1 sixty1 a hundr$4 ,"s said !y fe>$ ! sea1 & 7 n b\nd to s]ve beyond x4 ,"s said !y 7 will+ to br+ %ips & cross ! sea ) ! ,duke2 o!rs said t !y w\ld n g1 = !y ow$ mu*1 & 7 poor4 ,"s w\ld1 o!rs w\ld n1 & !re 0 great cont5tion among !m40 ,william on ?is occasion act$ ^u 8 usual maxim1 8divide & conqu]40 ,he dealt privately ) su* z he 0 mo/ likely to influ5ce1 & hav+ induc$ !m to ent] zeal\sly into 8 plans1 o!rs 7 l$ by %ame or sympa?y to foll[4 ,he 0 lavi% ( 8 promises4 ,to ! b>ons he pr(f]$ num]\s manors1 to ! cl]ks he held out ! bait ( ri* b5efices2 to ^! :o 7 amor\sly incl9$ he promis$ wives ) ample d[ries2 to su* z 7 n to be allur$ by prospective advantages he gave at once l>ge sums ( money4 ,x is said t he (f]$ mu* m ?an he c\ld possibly p]=m2 = he 0 well aw>e t ! ,saxon battle-axes w\ld cancel _m ( 8 bonds4 ,mean:ile ! ,pope's sanction ( ! s*eme arriv$ 9 ,norm&y1 & x inspir$ ! invad+ ho/s ) fre% zeal4 8,! ,duke rejoic$ greatly at receiv+ ! gonfanon1 & ! lic5se :i* ! ,apo/le ,pope gave him4 ,he got toge!r c>p5t]s1 smi?s1 & o!r workm52 s t great /ir 0 se5 9 all ! ports ( ,norm&y1 9 ! collect+ ( wood & mat]ials1 cutt+ ( planks1 fram+ ( %ips & boats1 /ret*+ sails1 & re>+ ma/s1 ) great pa9s & at great co/4 ,!y sp5t all "o summ] & autumn 9 fitt+ up ! fleet & collect+ ! =ces2 & !re 0 no knight 9 ! l&1 no good s]jeant1 ar*]1 nor peasant ( /\t he>t1 & ( age = battle1 t ! ,duke did n summon to g ) him to ,engl&40 ,! ,tape/ry repres5ts ^! prep>ations4 ,9 ! comp>tm5t :i* we la/ notic$ ,william is accompani$ by 8 half-bro!r ,odo1 :o is busily employ$ 9 issu+ ord]s to ! ma/] c>p5t]4 ,?is function>y holds a peculi>ly %ap$ axe 9 8 h&1 ( :i* !re are "s examples 9 ! illu/rations to ,cdmon's ,p>aphrase4 ,! sup]scription is1 ,,hic ,,willelm ,,dux ,,jussit ,,naves ,,edific>e--,"h ,duke ,william issues ord]s = ! build+ ( %ips4 ,next we see ! execution ( ! ord]s4 ,trees are be+ fell$1 & ! planks prep>$4 ,pres5tly ! %ips h assum$ _! prop] %ape1 & !n we see !m be+ drawn d[n to ! %ore4 ,?is op]ation is effect$ by means ( a rope pass$ ?r\gh a pulley ins]t$ 9 a po/ driv5 into ! %ore bel[ ! wat] m>k4 ,! leg5d is ,,hic ,,trahunt ,,naves ,,ad ,,m>e--,"h !y draw ! vessels to ! sea4 ,aft]w>ds ! /ores & ammunition are tak5 on bo>d1 & :5 all is ready ! horses & troops emb>k4 ,?is may be a fitt+ place 9 :i* to introduce "s obs]vations ^u ! %ips & arm\r ( ! ,normans4 ,! vessels ( ?is p]iod 7 ( small burd54 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t !y 7 drawn d[n to ! sea1 aft] be+ built1 9 ! mann] %[n 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,! ,domesday ,book e/abli%es ! same ?+4 ,!re we f9d x /at$ t ,dov] & ,s&wi* 7& probably ! o!r ,c9que ,ports also7 7 sev]ally ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4 oblig$ to furni% ! ,k+ ) tw5ty %ips = fifte5 days1 once e ye>1 ea* vessel hav+ a crew ( tw5ty-"o p]sons4#ga ,! gunwale ( ! vessels 0 l[4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,x47 we see !m l&+ ! horses1 by mak+ !m leap ov] ! sides ( ! %ips on to ! %ore4 ,on ! voyage ! gunwale 0 practically height5$ by plac+ ! %ields ( ! soldi]s along ! sides ( ! vessel1 "o %ield p>tly ly+ ov] ano!r4 ,! pr[ & /]n ( ! %ips1 :i* are ! same 9 =m1 are a good deal elevat$1 & are usually decorat$ ) ! head ( a dragon1 lion1 bull1 or "s fanciful figure4 ,we h sev]al descriptions ( ! %ip 9 :i* ,william sail$ on 8 ev]-memorable exp$ition4 ,wace says1 8,! ,duke plac$ a lant]n on ! ma/ ( 8 %ip1 t ! o!r %ips might see x1 & hold _! c\rse aft] x4 ,at ! summit 0 a vane ( brass gilt4 ,on ! head ( ! %ip1 9 ! front :i* m>9]s call ! pr[1 !re 0 a figure ( a *ild 9 brass1 be>+ an arr[ ) a b5d$ b[4 ,8 face 0 turn$ t[>ds ,engl&1 & ?i!r he look$1 z ?\gh he 0 ab\t to %oot40#gb ,9 an anci5t ,,ms4 pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & pr9t$ 9 ! ,app5dix ( ,lyttleton's ,h5ry ,,ii41#gc we are told t ?is figure po9t$ t[>ds ,engl& ) 8 "r =e-f+]1 & held to 8 m\? an ivory horn ) 8 left h&4 ,) ?is description ! ,tape/ry ne>ly agrees2 ! figure is1 h[ev]1 plac$ n on ! pr[1 b at ! /]n ( ! vessel4 ,! lamp w\ld only be requir$ at night4 ,on ! top ( ! ma/ ( ,william's vessel ! sacr$ bann] giv5 him by ! ,pope is fix$1 surm\nt$ by a cross4 ,! bann]1 z x appe>s "h & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,tape/ry1 w\ld be describ$ by h]alds z 8arg5t1 a cross or 9 a bordure azure40 ,! vessels h "o ma/1 :i* is l[]$ =w>d z ! l& is approa*$4 ,to ! ma/1 support$ by a few %r\ds1 or r /ays1 a l>ge squ>e sail is susp5d$4 ,! mod]n rudd] 0 n kn[n = "s "t aft] ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/2#gd ! vessels are /e]$ by a paddle fix$ to ! qu>t]4 ,! /e]sman1 :o 0 also ! capta9 & pilot1 holds ! paddle 9 "o h&1 & ! %eet 9 ! o!r4 ,?is 0 exactly ! position ( ,pal9urus 9 ! neid ( ,virgil4 8,ipse s$5s clavumque regit1 velisque m9i/rat40 ,! l>g] vessels ( ! anci5ts 7 provid$ ) two paddle rudd]s1 "o on ea* qu>t]4 ,?is arrangem5t is %[n 9 ! rec5tly-discov]$ sculptures ( ,n9eveh & 9 _m ,roman co9s4 ,! %ip 9 :i* ,/4 ,paul 0 wreck$ on ! %ore ( ,malta _h two rudd]s4 ,! vessels 9 ! ,tape/ry h only "o paddle1 probably on acc\nt ( _! inf]ior size4 ,x is p]haps wor?y ( ! consid]ation ( mod]n navigators1 :e!r1 9 cases :]e ! h+$ rudd] is displac$ 9 a /orm1 ! paddle-rudd] might n advantage\sly be resort$ to z a tempor>y exp$i5t4 ,! an*ors ( ! ,tape/ry resemble ^? 9 mod]n use4 ,! an*or ( ! %ip 9 :i* ! spies ( ,william sail to ,norm&y 7,plate ,,viii47 has no /ock--b ?is is probably m]ely an ov]sight ( ! draftsman1 = 9 an e>li] case 7,plate ,,ii47 ! /ock is repres5t$4 ,! sides ( ! %ips are pa9t$ ( v>i\s col\rs 9 longitud9al /ripes1 ea* /ripe probably repres5t+ a plank4 ,! sails ( ! %ips are also v>i\sly col\r$4 ,rog] ( ,w5dov] tells u t ! ,conqu]or's %ip _h a crimson sail2 probably ?is is ne>ly correct1 = 9 ! ,tape/ry x is pa9t$ r$1 ) a yell[ /ripe 9 ! middle4 ,! effect ( ! :ole fleet mu/ h be5 v /rik+1 & well calculat$ to make a p[]ful impression ^u spectators ( t or any age4 ,writ]s diff] mu* z to ! numb] ( ! vessels 9 ,william's fleet1 z well z ( ! m5 !y c>ri$4 ,wace says1 8,i he>d my fa!r say--,i rememb] x well1 ?\gh ,i 0 b a lad--t !re 7 sev5 hundr$ %ips less f\r1 :5 !y sail$ f ,/4 ,val]i2 & t !re 71 besides ^!1 %ips' boats & skiffs = ! purpose ( c>ry+ h>ness4 ,i h f\nd x writt5 7b ,i "k n :e!r x be true7 t !re 7 9 all ?ree ?\s& vessels be>+ sails & ma/s4 ,any "o w "k t !re mu/ h be5 a great _m m5 to h furni%$ out s _m vessels40 ,! diff]5t computations ( ! *ronicl]s probably arise f "s ( !m includ+ ! small transport vessels 9 _! reckon+ & o!rs n4 ,mo/ mod]n hi/orians set d[n ,william's army at sixty ?\s& /rong4 ,! transport ( s l>ge a body ( troops w\ld require a flotilla m num]\s ?an _h sail$ ^u any wat]s s9ce ! decl9e ( ! ,roman empire4 ,! arm\r ( ! combatants 9 ! ,tape/ry may n[ engage our att5tion4 ,ne>ly all ! combatants are provid$ ) helmets4 ,! precise %ape ( !m we le>n f ^? :i* are be+ br\ght to ! %ore to be plac$ ) o!r milit>y /ores on bo>d ! fleet4 ,! helmet has a conical =m1 & is provid$ ) a projection 9 front call$ ! nasal1 to protect ! face4 ,9 "s ( !m !re appe>s to be a small] projection at ! back4 ,x is a rem>kable circum/ance t exce$+ly few helmets h be5 f\nd 9 ! graves ( ! ,franks & ,saxons1 :i* are usually replete ) milit>y implem5ts4 ,two h[ev] h be5 f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry1 "o ne> ,*elt5ham ! o!r 9 ,d]by%ire4#ge ,f ^! specim5s1 z well z f ! appe>ance ( ^? 9 ! ,tape/ry1 we may suppose t ! helmet consi/$ ( a framework ( iron1 ov] :i* a cov]+ ( lea!r 0 /ret*$4 ,f ! fact1 h[ev]1 t s few helmets h be5 f\nd 9 ,saxon graves1 we may p]haps inf] t ! framework ( ! e>li] specim5s 0 ( wood4 ,wace makes express m5tion ( "o man :o at ! battle ( ,ha/+s wore a wood5 helmet3--8,on ! o!r side 7he says7 0 an ,engli%man :o mu* annoy$ ! ,fr5*1 assault+ !m ) a ke5-edg$ hat*et4 ,he _h a helmet made ( wood1 :i* he _h fa/5$ d[n to 8 coat & lac$ r\nd 8 neck1 s t no bl[s c\ld rea* 8 head4 ,! ravage he 0 mak+ 0 se5 by a gallant ,norman knight1 :o rode a horse t nei!r fire nor wat] c\ld /op 9 its c>e] :5 its "l urg$ x on4 ,! knight spurr$1 & 8 horse c>ri$ him on till he *>g$ ! ,engli%man1 /rik+ him ov] ! helmet1 s t x fell d[n ov] 8 eyes2 & z he /ret*$ out 8 h& to raise x & uncov] 8 face1 ! ,norman cut (f 8 "r h&1 s t 8 hat*et fell to ! gr\nd4 ,ano!r ,norman sprung =w>d1 & eag]ly seiz$ ! prize ) bo? 8 h&s1 b he kept x little space & paid de>ly = x2 = z he /oop$ to pick up ! hat*et1 an ,engli%man ) 8 long-h&l$ axe /ruck him ov] ! back1 break+ all 8 bones1 s t 8 entrails & lungs gu%$ =?4 ,! knight ( ! good horse meantime retir$ )\t injury40#gf ,! helmet spe$ily und]w5t sev]al *anges aft] ! p]iod ( ! battle ( ,ha/+s4 ,flaps 7 affix$ to ! sides 9 ord] to protect ! e>s & ! *eeks4 ,^! appe> 9 ! *ess-m5 f\nd 9 ! isl& ( ,lewis1 :i*1 z already obs]v$1 belong to a p]iod n lat] ?an ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,soon aft] ! ,conque/ ! nasal be+ f\nd to be inconv5i5t 0 frequ5tly omitt$2 at l5g? ! contrivance call$ ! v5taille 0 introduc$1 :i* :5 br\ght ov] ! face fully protect$ x1 & yet1 z its "n implies1 admitt$ air to ! no/rils ( ! we>]1 & :5 8 conv5i5ce requir$ c\ld be lift$ up4 ,t ! v5taille 0 n kn[n at ! battle ( ,ha/+s appe>s f ! helmets :i* are be+ tak5 on bo>d ! fleet4 ,ano!r fact repres5t$ on ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xv47 %[s ! same ?+2 ,william1 :5 he wi%es to %[ himself 9 ord] to contradict ! rum\r t he has be5 kill$1 is oblig$ to lift 8 helmet almo/ (f 8 head4 ,& yet ,wace1 :o liv$ at ! p]iod j subsequ5t to ! ,conque/1 writes z ?\gh ,h>old's helmet 0 provid$ ) a v5taille4 ,he says1 8,h>old 0 sorely w\nd$ 9 8 eye by ! arr[1 & suff]$ griev\s pa9 f ! bl[4 ,an arm$ man came 9 ! ?rong ( ! battle & /ruck him on ! v5taille ( 8 helmet1 & beat him to ! gr\nd40 ,?is passage %[s h[ exce$+ly difficult x is1 :5 describ+ pa/ ev5ts1 to avoid ana*ronisms4 ,sir ,samuel ,meyrick1 9 comm5t+ ^u ?is passage1 says1 8,by ! v5taille is "h meant m]ely ! op5 "p bel[ 8 helmet4 ,! v5taculum1 or v5taille1 /rictly speak+1 0 n inv5t$ at ?is "t1 b 0 9 full use :5 ,wace liv$2 he adopts x !re=e m]ely = ! sake ( ! rhyme1 & z famili> to 8 c\ntrym540#gg ,! body arm\r consi/$ ( a tunic ( lea!r or /\t l951 on :i* 0 fa/5$ "s sub/ance calculat$ to resi/ ! /roke ( a weapon4 ,occasionally1 z we h already se51 ov]lapp+ flaps ( lea!r1 sometimes pieces ( horn or horses' ho(s1 & n unfrequ5tly plates or r+s ( iron 7 employ$4 ,:5 r+s 7 us$ !y 7 laid side by side1 & n lock$ into ea* o!r1 z 0 ! case 9 ! *a9 arm\r ( a subsequ5t date4 ,:5 small plates ( iron 7 us$ !y 7 g5]ally loz5ge-%ap$2 h5ce ?is species ( arm\r has be5 t]m$ mascl$4 ,! +5uity ( man has _h rec\rse to ^! & simil> contrivances 9 e age4 ,among/ ! ru9s ( ,n9eveh scale arm\r has be5 discov]$1 & on ,trajan's column ! ,s>matian cavalry & _! horses are clad 9 x4 ,! coat ( mail compreh5d$ body1 legs1 & arms all 9 "o piece2 ! legs & arms 7 h[ev] %ort & loose4 ,x is difficult to und]/& ! mode ( putt+ x on4 ,x seems to h be5 drawn ov] ! head4 ,we are expressly told t :5 ,william 0 prep>+ = ! battle he _h 8 haub]k br\ght2 b 9 putt+ 8 head 91 to get x on1 he inadv]t5tly turn$ x ! wrong way1 ) ! back "p 9 front20 & t see+ 8 error1 8he cross$ himself1 /oop$ 8 head1 & put x on aright40 ,9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xvi47 we see "s p]sons /ripp+ ! sla92 !y uni=mly draw ! haub]k ov] ! head4 ,! legs ( ! dress mu/ 9 ?is case h be5 made to op54 ,:5 on1 x 0 tight5$ by /raps at ! brea/4 ,?is arm\r seems to h be5 occasionally provid$ ) a hood ( ! same mat]ial1 :i* cov]$ ! head4 ,!re are "s examples ( x 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,! legs 9 ! ,tape/ry are = ! mo/ "p left unprotect$2 occasionally !y are wrapp$ r\nd ) b&ages ( lea!r2 9 ! case ( a few ( ! lead+ p]sonages !y are cov]$ ) mascl$ or r+ arm\r4 ,! weight ( ! haub]k1 or haub]geon1 mu/ h be5 consid]able4 ,9 tak+ ! dresses d[n to ! %ips we obs]ve two m5 are employ$ to c>ry "o2 !y be> x on a pole ^u _! %\ld]s4 ,"o ( ,william's nobles1 :il/ wait+ at ,ha/+s = ! onset ( ,h>old1 compla9$ ( ! weight ( 8 arm\r4 ,! ,duke quietly desir$ him to put x (f1 & !n putt+ x on himself ov] 8 own haub]k1 m\nt$ 8 horse )\t assi/ance1 & rode (f1 to ! great *agr9 ( ! noble & ! a/oni%m5t ( all4#gh ,! %ields ( ! anci5t knights =m$ an important "p ( _! equipm5t4 ,! %ield ( ! e>ly ,saxons 0 circul>1 hav+ a boss 9 ! c5tre4 ,! boss 0 concave on ! inside ( ! %ield1 & ( a size suffici5t to conta9 ! h& ( ! w>rior1 :i* grasp$ ! %ield by a h&le put across ! cavity4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry we h "s examples ( ! circul> %ield1 b by f> ! l>g] "p ( ! %ields on ! ,saxon z well z ! ,norman side are ( a diff]5t "*4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! int]c\rse subsi/+ betwe5 ,norm&y & ,engl& dur+ ! reign ( ! ,confessor _h l$ to ! ab&onm5t ( ! old ,saxon %ield4 ,! %ield ( ! ,tape/ry is ( l>ge size1 & ( ! %ape ( a kite4 ,x is 9 e in/ance flat4 ,"h aga9 we h ano!r opportunity ( judg+ ( ! m9ute accuracy ( ! ,tape/ry4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! elev5? c5tury ! %ield ( a ,fr5* knight is describ$#gi z hav+ its surface n flat b convex1 s z to embrace ! p]son ( ! we>]4 ,o!r *anges 7 spe$ily introduc$2 t[>ds ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury x became %ort]1 & ! b[ at ! top 0 flatt5$ into a /raight l9e4 ,?us x =m$ ! 8heat] %ield0 ( ! middle ages4 ,! ,norman %ield :5 9 use 0 c>ri$ by ! arm1 n ! fi/ alone2 two loops 7 plac$ on ! inn] side ( x = ! reception ( ! arm2 :5 n want$ x 0 slung f ! neck ( ! w>rior2 ?is is se5 9 sev]al in/ances 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,_m ( ! %ields 7 ornam5t$ ) /uds ( metal1 :i* 7 kept bright1 s z to dazzle ! sight ( an antagoni/4 ,o!rs be> badges or devices1 by :i* ! be>] might be di/+ui%$ 9 ! field4 ,f ! e>lie/ days1 devices1 answ]+ ! purpose ( coats ( arms1 h be5 adopt$4 ,! tribes ( ,israel _h _! insignia4 ,! armorial be>+s ( sev]al ,grecian *iefs are m9utely describ$ by ! poets4 ,! ,roman legions _h _! *>act]i/ic symbols4#hj ,x 0 probably ) ?is view t ! %ields 9 ! ,tape/ry 7 pa9t$ 9 ! way 9 :i* we see !m4 ,a dragon is a common device2 s also is a cross1 ! f\r arms ( :i* proce$ f ! c5tral /ud 9 a sigmoidal curve4 ,besides ! insignia on ! %ields1 ensigns & bann]s guid$ ! movem5ts ( ! armies & _! v>i\s deta*m5ts4#ha ,! bann] ( ! ,norman army is inv>iably arg5t1 a cross or 9 a bordure azure4 ,?is is repeat$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,we meet ) x 9 ! w> aga9/ ,conan1 z well z at ,pev5sey & ,ha/+s4 ,!re is no trace ( ! leop>ds or lions :i* %ortly aft]w>ds made _! appe>ance 9 ! arms ( ,norm&y4 ,! diff]5t *iefta9s assembl+ "u ! ,norman /&>d _h ea* 8 p5non1 gonfanon1 or bann]4 ,none ( ^! subsidi>y /&>ds are squ>e1 z ! bann] ( a b>on always 0 :5 ! feudal sy/em 0 develop$4 ,all ! flags 9 ! ,tape/ry h /ream]s atta*$ to !m1 l ^? ( a knight's p5non4 ,x is n impossible1 h[ev]1 t ^! may repres5t ! ribbons giv5 to ! ,norman lords1 z keepsakes by _! ladies4 ,wace1 9 describ+ ! battle ( ,val-des-dunes1 says ( ,raol ,tesson1 t 8he /ood on "o side af> (f1 hav+ six score knights & six 9 8 troop--all ) _! lances rais$1 & trimm$ ) silk tok5s40 ,x w\ld ?us appe> t ! practice 0 n unusual1 ev5 9 ord9>y w>s2 h[ mu* m prop] & becom+ 9 a haz>d\s und]tak+ l ! pres5t4 ,we "k t ! ,norman lords _h great difficulty 9 gett+ ! leave ( _! ladies to emb>k 9 ! und]tak+4 ,"s fe>$ ! battle axes ( ! ,saxon m51 o!rs dread$ ! influ5ce ( ! bright eyes ( ! ,saxon ladies--a %rewd fe>4#hb ,h>old also _h a /&>d4 ,he plant$ x on ! highe/ "p ( ! em95ce on :i* he m>%all$ 8 army = ! fight1 & by x he f\ght unfl9*+ly until cut d[n by ! ov]p[]+ /r5g? ( ! ,norman *ivalry4 ,william ( ,malmesbury & sev]al o!r writ]s tell u t ,h>old's /&>d 0 89 ! =m ( a man fight+40#hc ,9 ! ,tape/ry x is a dragon4 ,wace does n describe x1 b says1 8,8 gonfanon 0 9 tru? a noble "o1 sp>kl+ ) gems & preci\s /ones2 aft] ! victory ,william s5t x to ! ,apo/le to prove & commemorate 8 great conque/ & glory40 ,a glance at ! ,tape/ry w %ew t ! ,saxons 7 entirely de/itute ( cavalry4#hd ,! comp>atively limit$ size ( ! k+dom _h r5d]$ cavalry unnecess>y = police purposes1 & ! ,danes1 ! =eign enemies ) :om ! ,engli% _h hi!rto to cont5d1 _h too wide & /ormy an ocean to cross1 to attempt ! transport ( horses = ! purposes ( w>4 ,! great /r5g? ( ! ,norman army consi/$ 9 cavalry4 ,william _h be5 accu/om$ to cont5d ) ! ,k+ ( ,france & o!r p[]ful *iefs 9 8 imm$iate neighb\rhood1 & 0 ?us compell$ to avail himself ( e device :i* human +5uity _h contriv$ = ma9ta9+ 8 cause4 ,! saddles ( ! horses are peculi>1 hav+ a high peak be=e & beh9d4 ,we c readily und]/& h[ ,william1 :5 he _h become corpul5t1 receiv$ a mortal injury by com+ d[n ) viol5ce ^u ! pommel ( su* a saddle4 ,no horse arm\r is us$1 nei!r h any ( ! horses a saddle-clo?4 8,on ! seal ( ,h5ry ,i4 is ! fir/ repres5tation ( a saddle-clo?1 & ei!r dur+ t reign or ! prec$+ "o1 ! high peak beh9d ! saddle 0 alt]$ = a back ( great] bread?40#he ,mo/ ( ! rid]s are provid$ ) /irrups & ) prick spurs4 ,william's own horse 0 ei!r an ,arabian or a cross f an ,arabian4 ,x 0 pres5t$ to him by ! ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,! ,normans 7 /rong 9 ano!r =ce1 ( :i* ! ,saxons 7 almo/ entirely de/itute--b[m54 ,9 ! ,saxon l9es !re appe>s b "o solit>y b[man1 :il/ on ! ,norman side !re are _m4 ,! ,norman ar*]s mu/ h pli$ _! %afts mo/ dilig5tly1 = _! arr[s are /ick+ 9 ! %ields1 & to "s ext5t 9 ! bodies ( ! ,saxons1 l p9s 9 a lady's p9cu%ion4 ,9 ! battle ( ,ha/+s ! great ev5t ( ! day turn$ ^u an arr[ skilfully sp$4 ,_h ,h>old's eye n be5 pi]c$1 ! battle w\ld h be5 a drawn "o1 & 9 ,william's peculi> circum/ance su* a result 0 defeat4 ,! ,saxon javel9 diff]$ f ! ,norman3 x 0 %ort1 & 0 us$ z a missile4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry we see t "s ( ! ,engli% h a bundle ( spe>s 9 _! h&s1 & t o!rs are 9 ! act ( ?r[+ !m at ! enemy4 ,! ,norman spe> 0 a long "o1 adapt$ = use on horseback1 & 0 employ$ 9 giv+ a ?ru/2 "o only !re=e 0 requir$ by ea* horseman4 ,! ,saxons d>t$ _! javel9s at an approa*+ foe1 &1 :5 !y came to close qu>t]s1 reli$ *iefly ^u ! vigor\s use ( ! dreadful battle axe4 ,z h[ev] at ! battle ( ,ha/+s ! ,normans 7 on horseback1 & 7 arm$ ) long spe>s1 x 0 ) no small difficulty t ! ,engli% c\ld get )9 battle axe rea* ( _! foes4 ,9 ?is way _m ( ! ,saxons 7 pick$ (f be=e !y c\ld /rike a bl[4 ,9 ,wace we h _m examples ( ?is--?us1 he speaks ( ! knight ( ,tregoz1 :o 8kill$ two ,engli%m52 smit+ ! "o ?r\gh ) 8 lance1 & bra9+ ! o!r ) 8 sword2 & !n gallop$ 8 horse back1 s t no ,engli%man t\*$ him40 ,9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xvi47 we see a horseman ?ru/+ ,le(w91 ! bro!r ( ,h>old1 ?r\gh ) 8 lance1 :o 9 va9 :irls 8 battle axe ar\nd him4 ,! battle axe ( ! ,saxons _h "o disadvantage4 8,a man10 says ,wace1 8:5 he want$ to /rike ) "o ( _! hat*ets1 0 oblig$ to hold x ) bo? 8 h&s1 & c\ld n at ! same "t1 z x seems to me1 bo? cov] himself & /rike ) any fre$om40 ,?is fact w acc\nt = ! disa/r\s consequ5ces ( ! retreat ( ! ,engli% at ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 aft] hav+ be5 lur$ by ! ,normans into a pursuit4 ,! /atem5ts ( ,aga?ias1 a writ] ( ! six? c5tury1 ?r[ "s light ^u ! ,saxon mode ( fight+4 ,speak+ ( ! ,franks 7a k9dr$ race71 he says1 8,! arms ( ! ,franks are v simple3 !y we> nei!r coat ( mail nor greaves1 b _! legs & ?ighs are def5d$ by b&s ( l95 or lea!r4 ,_! cavalry is inconsid]able1 b !y are =midable on foot2 !y we> a sword on ! left ?igh & c>ry a buckl]4 ,!y use nei!r b[ nor sl+1 b !y are arm$ ) d\ble axes & angones spe>s ) :i* !y d mo/ execution4 ,^! angones are ( a l5g? t may be bo? us$ z a javel9 or 9 close fight aga9/ a *>ge ( ! enemy4 ,! /aff ( ?is weapon is cov]$ ) iron lam9 or hoops1 s t b v little wood appe>s1 ev5 d[n to ! spike at ! butt-end4 ,on ei!r side ( ! head ( ?is javel9 are c]ta9 b>bs project+ d[nw>d close toge!r z f> z ! %aft4 ,! ,frank soldi]1 :5 engag$ ) ! enemy1 ca/s 8 angon1 :i*1 if x ent] ! body1 _c be )drawn 9 consequ5ce ( ! b>bs4 ,nor c ! weapon be dis5gag$ if x pi]ce ! %ield1 = ! be>] ( ! %ield _c cut x (f because ( ! iron plates ) :i* ! /aff is def5d$1 :ile ! ,frank ru%+ =w>d jumps ^u x z x trails on ! gr\nd1 & ?us be>+ d[n 8 antagoni/'s def5ce1 cleaves 8 skull ) 8 axe1 or transfixes him ) a second javel940#hf ,9 ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry ! javel9s 9 ! h&s ( ! ,saxons are *iefly b>b$1 :il/ ! mo/ ( ^? 9 ! h&s ( ! ,normans are lance-%ap$1 & are =m$ aft] ! ,roman model4 ,9 ,cdmon's ,p>aphrase & o!r ,saxon illu/rations ! spe>s ( ! w>riors are g5]ally b>b$4 ,to :at ext5t ! ho/s ( ,h>old 7 arm$ ) ! true angon1 ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( :i* 0 a long iron %ank1 does n ( c\rse appe> f ! ,tape/ry1 ! scale be+ too small to all[ ( its m9ute del9eation4 ,! foll[+ cut exhibits ! head ( an angon1 f\nd 9 ! well ( ! ,roman /ation ( ,c>voran 9 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,illu/ration ,! sword ( ! combatants is *iefly rem>kable = its great size4 ,! ,tape/ry 9 ?is1 z 9 o!r p>ticul>s1 is /rictly accurate4 ,mr4 ,ak]man1 aft] /at+ t sev]al swords ( l>ge size _h be5 f\nd 9 ,frank & ,anglo-,saxon graves1 says1 8,"o ( ! f9e/ examples :i* has ev] come "u my notice is t f\nd at ,fair=d1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 & rec5tly exhibit$ by ,mr4 ,wylie ( t t[n4 ,its l5g?1 includ+ ! h&le1 is j ?ree feet1 ! blade broad1 two-edg$1 & po9t$40 ,! only weapon t rema9s to be notic$ is ! mace or club4 ,?is 0 a comp>atively rude weapon1 :i* ceas$ to be us$ z an in/rum5t ( (f5ce aft] ?is p]iod4 ,at ! battle ( ,ha/+s x seems to h be5 employ$ by ! ,saxons only4 ,"o is se5 9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xiv471 :i* has be5 ?r[n aga9/ ! advanc+ l9e ( ! ,normans1 & at ! close ( ! picture ! retreat+ ,saxons are se5 to be arm$ ) ?is weapon only4 ,f ! review t we h tak5 ( ! equipm5t ( ! two armies1 x is app>5t t ! ,engli% lab\r$ "u v great disadvantages4 ,!y 7 de/itute ( cavalry1 ) :i* ! ,normans 7 well provid$2 !y _h few ar*]s1 & !y _h no weapon t 0 a mat* = ! long lance ( ! ,normans4 ,/rong 9 _! insul> position1 !y _h neglect$ to adopt ^? improvem5ts 9 ! art ( w> :i* _h be5 long adopt$ on ! cont95t4 ,we _c wond] t1 9 despite ( _! native c\rage & a/oni%+ p]sonal pr[ess1 ! ,saxons 7 ov]borne by ! ho/s ( ,william on ! field ( ,ha/+s4 ,x is "t n[ to att5d to ! movem5ts ( ! cont5d+ p>ties1 & to trace !m 9 _! progress to ! field on :i* _! de/9y 0 to be decid$4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,l&+4 8,et jam ,argiva phalanx in/ructis navibus ibat40 n4 ,,ii41 #bed4 ,! vigor\s mann] 9 :i* ,william ent]$ ^u ! prep>ations = 8 gr& campaign excit$ ! en?usiasm ( 8 cont95tal neighb\rs4 8,reports10 says ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 8( ! exp$ition drew _m valiant m5 f ! adjo9+ c\ntries1 :o prep>$ _! arms = battle4 ,?us ! ,fr5* & ,bretons1 ! ,poitev9s & ,burgundians1 & o!r p on ?is side ! ,alps1 flock$ toge!r = ! w> ov] ! sea1 & sc5t+ ! booty :i* ! conque/ ( ,brita9 (f]$1 7 prep>$ to und]go ! v>i\s p]ils & *ances1 bo? by sea & l&1 att5d+ ! ent]prise40 ,9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ ,william's fleet assembl$ at ! m\? ( ! riv] ,dive1#hg 9 ! vic9ity ( :i* x is probable mo/ ( 8 %ips 7 built4 ,unfav\rable wea!r deta9$ x "h = "s "t1 & :5 x did move1 x 0 n able to proce$ fur!r ?an ,/4 ,val]y-sur-,somme4 ,adv]se w9ds aga9 prevail$ = a mon?4 8,at ?is10 says ,wace1 8! b>ons 7 greatly we>i$4 ,!n !y pray$ ! ,conv5t to br+ out ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,val]y1 & set x on a c>pet on ! pla92 & all came pray+ ! holy relics t !y might be all[$ to pass ov] ! sea4 ,!y (f]$ s mu* money1 t ! relics 7 buri$ b5ea? x2 & f t day =? !y _h good wea!r & a fair w9d40 ,! long det5tion ( ! ,norman =ces on ! ,fr5* coa/ 0 a =tunate circum/ance = !m4 ,h>old _h made ample provision = resi/+ ! l&+ ( 8 oppon5t4 ,) a fleet :i* he _h assembl$ at ,h>wi* he sail$ to ! ,isle ( ,wight1 & !re ?r\gh\t ! summ] & autumn mon?s await$ ,william's arrival4 ,he also kept a l& =ce 9 suitable positions ne> ! sea %ore4#hh ,! same w9d h[ev] :i* deta9$ ,william at ,/4 ,val]y br\ght ,h>old ano!r foe :i* compell$ him to )draw 8 troops f ! s\!rn coa/4 ,on 8 dep>ture ! fleet 0 disp]s$4 ,"s ( ! *ronicl]s tell u t ! seam5's "t ( s]vice _h expir$1 o!rs t !y 7 %ort ( provisions4 ,h>old's abs5ce no d\bt mat]ially contribut$ to ! demoralization ( ?is important national safegu>d4 ,"h we are aga9 call$ ^u to notice ! vanity ( man's policy4 ,h>old =esee+ t a /ruggle w\ld ensue betwe5 ,william & himself1 & be+1 consequ5tly1 desir\s ( promot+ fri5dly alliances ) "s ( ! cont95tal p[]s1 enc\rag$ 8 bro!r ,to/ig to m>ry a daught] ( ! ,e>l ( ,fl&]s4 ,?is ,to/ig did1 & !reby became bro!r-9-law to ,william ( ,norm&y4 ,to/ig1 dur+ ! life ( ! ,confessor1 0 appo9t$ to ! e>ldom ( ,nor?umbria1 b ! p hav+ ris5 9 arms aga9/ him1 probably on acc\nt ( ! h>%ness ( 8 rule1 he 0 remov$1 & ,morc> appo9t$ 9 8 place4 ,:5 ,h>old became k+1 ,to/ig expect$ to be re9/at$1 b s f> f tak+ active measures 9 8 fav\r1 ,h>old m>ri$ ! si/] ( ! e>l :o _h supplant$ him4 ,to/ig1 enrag$ at ?is treatm5t1 conceiv$ a viol5t hatr$ aga9/ 8 bro!r1 & inflam$ ! m9ds ( ! ,e>l ( ,fl&]s & ! ,duke ( ,norm&y aga9/ him4 ,receiv+1 moreov]1 ! active support ( ,h>old ,h>drada1 ,k+ ( ,norway1 he l&$ ) a ho/ile =ce 9 ,york%ire1 & ravag$ ! c\ntry4 ,h>old1 :ile wat*+ ! proce$+s ( ! ,norman armada1 he>d ( 8 bro!r's attempt4 ,ha/5+ nor?w>ds1 he came ^u him unaw>es1 & slew bo? him & ,h>drada1 & scatt]$ _! =ces4 ,:ile ,h>old 0 engag$ 9 ^! op]ations1 ,william l&$ unoppos$ 9 ,sussex6 ,x 0 on ! night ( ! #bi? ,septemb] t ! ,norman exp$ition cross$ ! sea1 & e>ly next morn+ x rea*$ ! port ( ,pav5sey4 ,! ,tape/ry repres5ts ?is important transaction4 ,! ,duke's own %ip is di/+ui%$ by ! consecrat$ bann] at its ma/ head4 ,?is vessel 0 call$ ! ,mora1 & is /at$ to h be5 a pres5t f ! ,du*ess ,matilda4 ,! leg5d 9 ?is "p ( ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,ix47 is1 ,,hic ,,welelm3 ,,dux ,,9 ,,magno ,,navigio ,,m>e ,,transivit ,,et ,,v5it ,,ad ,,pev5s#hi--;,"h ,duke ,william 9 a l>ge %ip cross$ ! sea1 & arriv$ at ,pev5sey4 ,a glance at ! map ( ,sussex w %ew t ,pev5sey 0 a mo/ fitt+ place at :i* to effect a l&+4 ,bea*y ,head project+ consid]ably to ! s\?1 protects ?is anci5t port f ! swell occasion$ by ! w9d :i* mo/ viol5tly affects ! ,engli% ,*annel--! s\?-we/4 ,! bea*1 too1 is ( a nature well adapt$ = all[+ %ips su* z ,william's 7 be+ safely drawn up ^u x4 ,?is 0 ! port select$ by ! ,conqu]or = 8 emb>kation :5 he return$ to ,norm&y aft] 8 coronation4 ,9 all probability ,william's fleet w\ld l9e ! %ore = a consid]able space on bo? sides ( ,pev5sey 9 ! mann] :i* !y are repres5t$ z do+ 9 ! ,tape/ry1 7,plate ,x47 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve1 t ! rema9s ( a vessel1 :i* ,mr4 ,l[] ?9ks is at lea/ z old z ! ,conque/1 has rec5tly be5 discov]$1 imb$d$ 9 ! gravel ( ! anci5t bea* ( ,pev5sey4 ,! nature ( ! position 9 :i* x is plac$ prev5ts its be+ excavat$2 we might o!rwise1 p]*ance1 h ! pleasure ( look+ ^u "o ( ! ,conqu]or's own %ips4 ,william l&$ ) great caution4 ,wace ?us describes ! op]ation--8,!y arriv$ ne> ,ha/+s1 & !re ea* %ip 0 rang$ by ! o!r's side4 ,!re y might see ! good sailors1 ! s]geants1 & squires1 sally =? & unload ! %ips2 ca/ ! an*ors1 haul ! ropes1 be> out %ields & saddles1 & l& ! w>-horses & palfreys4 ,! ar*]s came =?1 & t\*$ l& ! =emo/2 ea* ) 8 b[ b5t1 & 8 quiv] full ( arr[s slung at 8 side4 ,all 7 %av5 & %orn1 & all clad 9 %ort g>m5ts1 ready to attack1 to %oot1 to :eel ab\t1 & ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4 skirmi%4 ,all /ood well equipp$1 & ( good c\rage = ! fight2 & !y sc\r$ ! :ole %ore1 b f\nd n an arm$ man !re4 ,aft] ! ar*]s _h ?us gone =?1 ! knights l&$ next1 all arm$1 ) _! haub]ks on1 _! %ields slung at _! necks1 & _! helmets lac$4 ,!y =m$ toge!r on ! %ore1 ea* arm$ ^u 8 w>-horse4 ,all _h _! swords gird$ on1 & pass$ into ! pla9 ) _! lances rais$40 ,our picture-*ronicle does n neglect ^! transactions4 ,! inscription ov] !m is1 ,,hic ,,exeunt ,,caballi ,,de ,,navibus ,,et ,,hic ,,milites ,,fe/9av]unt ,,ha/+a ,,ut ,,cibum ,,rap]5tur#ij--;,"h ! horses disemb>k1 & "h ! soldi]s hurry =w>d to ,ha/+s to seize food4 ,an incid5t is told respect+ ! l&+ ( ,william :i* is be/ relat$ 9 ! words ( ! ,*ronicl]4 8,z ! %ips 7 drawn to %ore1 & ! ,duke fir/ l&$1 he fell by *ance ^u 8 two h&s4 ,=?) all rais$ a l\d cry ( di/ress1 #8an evil sign' said !y1 #8is "h4' ,b he cri$ out lu/ily1 #8,see seigniors1 by ! spl5d\r ( ,god6 ,i h seiz$ ,engl& ) my two h&s2 )\t *all5ge no prize c be made2 all is our own t is "h2 n[ we %all see :o w be ! bold] man4' ,!n "o ( 8 m5 ran =w>d & put 8 h& on a hut1 & took a h&ful ( ! ?at* & turn$ to ! ,duke1 say+ he>tily1 #8,sire1 come =w>d & receive seiz92 ( ?is l& ,i give y seiz92 )\t d\bt ! c\ntry is y\rs4' ,& ! ,duke said1 #8,i accept x2 may ,god be ) u4'0#ia ,! nature ( ! gr\nd prev5t$ ,william f proce$+ directly up ! c\ntry f ,pev5sey4 ,s late z ! days ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ! l& inw>ds f ?is po9t 0 little bett] ?an a m>%4 ,! ,ordnance map ( ,sussex %[s1 9 ?is direction1 a rem>kable abs5ce ( t[ns & villages1 indicat+ pretty cle>ly :at x mu/ h be5 9 =m] times4 ,william w5t cauti\sly along ! %ore to ,ha/+s1 :]e he erect$ 8 =tifications1 & refre%$ 8 troops4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry we see !m seiz+ ! %eep & cattle 9 ! fields1 cook+ _! food1 & aft]w>ds seat+ !mselves at table4 ,wace says 8,be=e ev5+ _h set 9 !y _h f9i%$ a =t4 ,!n y might see !m make _! kit*5s1 light _! fires1 & cook _! meat4 ,! ,duke sat d[n to eat1 & ! b>ons & knights _h food 9 pl5ty2 = !y _h br\ght ample /ore4 ,all ate & drank en\gh1 & 7 "r glad t !y 7 a%ore40 ,! cul9>y op]ations ( ! invad+ =ce require "s notice4 ,al?\gh "s huts h be5 erect$ on ! %ore1 hav+ be5 br\ght 9 frame ) ! fleet1 ! cooks dis*>ge _! duties 9 ! op5 air4 8444444 ,a kettle slung ,betwe5 two poles ^u a /ick transv]se ,receives ! morsel44440 ,! pot may h be5 a metallic vessel br\ght ov] f ,norm&y ) ! /ores2 its appe>ance1 h[ev]1 /rongly rem9ds u ( a plan :i* ,froiss>t tells u ! ,scot* adopt$ 9 "o ( _! incursions into ,engl&4 ,hav+ seiz$ an ox1 !y slaught]$ x1 & boil$ its fle% 9 its sk91 support+ ! extemporane\sly-made cauldron aft] ! mann] %[n 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,! re/ ( ! cook]y is done ^u a he>?4 ,a spit1 on :i* ! wood is plac$1 is ?ru/ into ! gr\nd1 s z to susp5d ! article to be cook$ a %ort way above ! fire4 ,at ! pres5t day mu* ( ! cook]y ( ,norm&y is done by plac+ ! food 9 e>!nw>e vessels1 :i* are br\ght into contact ) ! emb]s )\t ! int]v5tion ( a grate4 ,! food :5 cook$ 0 usually1 at ?is p]iod1 h&$ to ! gue/s seat$ at ! table1 on ! spits1 :o took x (f ) _! f+]s1 assi/$ ) a knife :i* !y c>ri$ ) !m4 ,=ks 7 comp>atively unkn[n = "s c5turies aft] ! ,conque/4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry two tables are spread4 ,! fir/ ( !m seems to be =m$ ( %ields set ^u a frame4 ,! p]sons seat$ at x are probably "s ( ,william's *ief (fic]s ^: duty x is to arrange ! ent]ta9m5t1 & ta/e ! food & w9e previ\s to its be+ set be=e ! ,duke4 ,william sits at a table :i* 0 no d\bt br\ght f ,norm&y4 ,x is ( classic =m1 be+ l t call$ by ! ,romans ,sigma1 f its resemblance to ! ,greek lett] ( t "n1 :i* 9 ! "t ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors 0 =m$ l our ,c4 ,! gue/s sit at "o side ( x only1 ! inn] or concave side be+ left op51 to all[ ! s]vants m readily to approa*4 ,all ! op]ations ( ! table are pres5t$ to u by ! arti/4 ,odo1 ) 8 ?umb & two =ef+]s ext5d$1 is bless+ ! food & ! dr9k4 ,william has plant$ 8 h& ^u ! pr9cipal di%1 z if to claim ! lion's %>e = himself4 ,ano!r p]son is te>+ a fi% to pieces ) 8 f+]s1 & convey+ ! morsels by ! same m$ium to 8 m\?4 ,an old man ) a be>d1 probably ,william's ,ne/or1 :o refus$ to comply ) ! tonsur$ fa%ion ( ! day1 is dr9k+ ) 8 neighb\r2 bo? ( !m h uplift$ b[ls4 ,a s]vant ^u b5d$ knee is pres5t+ a cov]$ di% to ! p>ty4 ,^! comp>tm5ts are respectively describ$1 ,,hic ,,coquitur ,,c>o ,,et ,,hic ,,m9i/rav]unt ,,m9i/ri--,"h ! food is be+ cook$ & "h ! att5dants h s]v$ up ! vi&s3 ,,hic ,,fec]unt ,,pr&ium ,,et ,,hic ,,episcopus ,,cibum ,,et ,,potum ,,b5$icit--,"h !y h prep>$ ! fea/ & "h ! bi%op is bless+ ! meat & dr9k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,! meal mu/ necess>ily h be5 a ha/y "o4 ,"o ( ! gue/s has already ris5 f 8 seat1 & calls ! att5tion ( ! ,duke to some?+ t is pass+ )\t4 ,william 0 n[ fairly committ$ to a great & haz>d\s und]tak+1 & retreat 0 n to be ?\ght (2 at ! same "t1 ! utmo/ circumspection 0 necess>y1 & ! ,duke ( ,norm&y 0 n ! man to neglect any precaution4 ,we accord+ly next f9d him 9 solemn consultation ) 8 two ut]9e bro!rs--,odo1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,bayeux1 & ,rob]t1 ,c\nt ( ,morta9e4 ,william has 8 sword elevat$1 & ,rob]t is 9 ! act ( draw+ 8 f ! scabb>d--indications :i* /rongly m>k ! nature ( ! attempt be=e !m4 ,! leg5d ov] ?is gr\p 7,plate ,,xi47 is simply1 ,,odo ,,episcopus3 ,,rob]tus--,odo ! ,bi%op3 ,rob]t4 ,z ! result1 probably1 ( ! delib]ations ( ! ?ree bro!rs1 x 0 resolv$ /rongly to =tify ! position occupi$ by ,william's army4 ,su* 0 ! importance ( ?is "w1 t ,william1 ) ! consecrat$ bann] 9 8 h&1 is se5 p]sonally sup]9t5d+ x4 ,! spades ( ! workm5 are wor?y ( obs]vation4 ,!y are evid5tly made ( wood1 b %od ) iron4 ,!y h a not* = ! foot on "o side only4 ,t !y 7 adapt$ n m]ely = turn+ up ! soil1 b = tr5*+ ! scull ( an enemy1 is evid5t n only f _! size & =m1 b f ! use to :i* !y are put by two ( ! p>ties be=e u4 ,! inscription ov] ?is "p is1 ,,i/e ,,jussit ,,ut ,,fod]etur ,,ca/ellum ,,at ,,he/5ga,m--,he has ord]$ an intr5*m5t to be dug at ,ha/+s2 & ov] ! ca/le itself is writt51 ,,cea/ra#ib--,! camp4 ,! camp 9 "q c\ld n be ! ca/le1 ! ru9s ( :i* n[ cr[n ! heights ( ,ha/+s4 ,h[ev] /rong ! position ( ,ha/+s ca/le1 !re is n space en\gh on ! rocky plat=m on :i* x /&s = ! encampm5t ( an army "o f\r? ( ! size ( ,william's2 besides1 we _c suppose t ,william 9 8 pres5t circum/ances w\ld attempt ! erection ( a =t ( solid masonry4 ,! camp :i* ,william con/ruct$ 01 z ! ,tape/ry leads u to believe1 =m$ ( e>?1 /r5g!n$ ) wood5 palisades1 ! :ole be+ comm&$ at int]vals by t[]s :i* _h be5 br\ght 9 frame f ,france4 ,! phrase ut fod]etur1 t !y might dig a ca/le1 is express1 & ! m5 are se5 ?r[+ up ! soil4 ,?is agrees ) :at ,wace says1 8,!y enclos$ a =t & /r5g!n$ x r\nd ab\t ) palisades & a fosse40 ,"s ext5sive entr5*m5ts1 /ill to be se5 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! railway /ation at ,ha/+s1 are probably ! rema9s ( ! ,duke's encampm5t4#ic ,an ,engli% knight1 :o _h wat*$ ! l&+ ( ,william1 ha/5$ to ,h>old ) ! al>m+ news4 ,he f\nd him rejoic+ aft] ! defeat ( ,to/ig & ,h>drada4 8,fooli%0 says ,wace1 8is he :o glorifies himself1 = good =tune soon passe? away4 ,! he>t ( man (t5 rejoice? :5 ru9 is nigh40 ,bitt]ly did ,h>old grieve t he _h n be5 at ! spot :5 ! ,normans l&$1 t he might h driv5 !m into ! sea4 8,x is a sad mis*ance10 said he1 8b ?us x ha? pleas$ our ,heav5ly ,k+40 ,h>old _h1 by ! rapidity ( 8 m>*es1 surpris$ 8 bro!r ,to/ig1 & come ^u ! troops ( ,h>drada unaw>es4 ,he ?\ght to adopt ! same policy ) ,william2 &1 )\t tak+ "t to refre% or recruit 8 exhau/$ army1 comm5c$ 8 m>* s\?w>ds4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days he 0 9 ! vic9ity ( 8 enemy4 ,william1 h[ev]1 0 n to be tak5 by surprise1 & ,h>old 0 con/ra9$ to take up a position at ,battle1 di/ant ab\t six miles f ,ha/+s1 :]e ! ,duke 0 encamp$4 ,! next comp>tm5t 9 ! ,tape/ry exhibits to u ,william giv+ audi5ce to a mess5g] :o ann\nces to him ! approa* ( ,h>old4 ,! leg5d is1 ,,hic ,,nuntiatum ,,e/ ,,willelmo ,,de ,,h>old--,"h news is br\ght to ,william respect+ ,h>old4 ,:il/ ^! movem5ts 7 go+ on1 ! inhabitants ( ! s\!rn %ore ( ,sussex 7 suff]+ sev]ely4 ,n only 7 _! cattle tak5 f ! folds1 & _! rec5tly repl5i%$ gran>ies empti$1 b _! dwell+s 7 wantonly de/roy$4 ,p]haps ! ,saxons may h provok$ ! v5geance ( ! foe1 = !y 7 n m5 to take quietly ! spoil+ ( _! goods4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry we see a soldi] sett+ fire to a h\se 7"o be+ ! repres5tative ( _m71 f :i* a female & *ild are escap+--escap+ f pres5t de/ruction to be ca/1 ) w9t] be=e !m1 h\seless1 fri5dless1 & )\t food1 ^u ! wide _w4 ,! suff]+s ( ! battle field =m b a small "p ( ! horrors ( w>4 ,?is comp>tm5t ( ! "w be>s ! inscription1 ,,hic ,,domus ,,inc5ditur--,"h a h\se is set fire to4 ,"s outl9$ figures 9 ! m>g9 ( ?is "p ( ! "w d\btless ref] to ^? di/ress+ immoralities :i* too (t5 att5d ! m>* ( armies4 ,:il/ ! two armies lay )9 a few miles ( ea* o!r sev]al messages pass$ betwe5 ! comm&]s4 ,william 0 too good a soldi] to risk a battle if he c\ld avoid x4 ,he !re=e s5t a tonsur$ monk to ,h>old1 rem9d+ him ( 8 oa?1 & call+ ^u him to deliv] up ! k+dom4 ,h>old1 flu%$ ) rec5t victory1 0 ) difficulty re/ra9$ f cutt+ d[n ! mess5g]2 z x 01 he s5t him away ) insults4 ,:5 8 rage _h subsid$ he saw 8 folly1 & s5t an envoy1 acqua9t$ ) ! language ( ,france1 to duke ,william1 (f]+ to make him a pecuni>y recomp5se if he w\ld recross ! sea1 tell+ him h[ev]1 if he did n1 he w\ld give him battle on ! foll[+ ,saturday4 ,saturday1 ! #a/ ( ,octob]1 0 ,h>old's bir? day4 ,he always reg>d$ x z 8 =tunate day2 & he 0 anxi\s if he did ent] into mortal conflict ) a desp]ate foe1 t x %\ld be :5 8 propiti\s /> 0 9 ! asc5dant4 ,l ano!r ( ,engl&'s h]oes--,oliv] ,cromwell--! day ( 8 bir? 0 to prove ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,a battle n[ be+ imm95t1 ,gur?1 ! bro!r ( ,h>old1 0 exce$+ly anxi\s t ! k+ %\ld retire f ! ho/ & give ! comm& to him4 ,gur? _h tak5 no oa? to ,william1 & !re=e _h n ! puni%m5t ( p]jury to fe>4 ,besides1 if he 7 sla91 ,engl& w\ld /ill h h] k+2 & army aft] army c\ld be rais$1 if ne$ be1 to resi/ ! pret5sions ( any invad]4 ,h>old refus$ to adopt ! wise c\nsel ( 8 bro!r4 ,?\gh a brave man1 he _h n ! self-comm& ( ,william1 nor ! same p[] ( tak+ an enl>g$ view ( a subject4 ,! day be=e ! battle1 ,h>old & ,gur? rode out e>ly 9 ! morn+ to descry ! enemy4 8,!y rode on1 view+ & exam9+ ! gr\nd1 till1 f a hill :]e !y /ood1 !y c\ld see ! ,norman ho/1 :o 7 ne>4 ,!y saw a great _m huts made ( bran*es ( trees1 t5ts well equipp$1 pavilions1 & gonfanons2 & !y he>d horses neigh+1 & beheld ! glitt]+ ( arm\r4 ,!y /ood a long :ile )\t speak+0--& at l5g? return$ 9 sil5ce to _! t5t4 ,!y _h se5 en\gh to awak5 _! appreh5sions1 & to make !m anxi\s = fur!r in=mation4 ,h>old1 !re=e1 s5t out two spies to reconnoitre4 ,!y fell into ! h&s ( ! ,normans1 :o br\ght !m to ,william4 ,he us$ !m well1 & ord]$ !m to be conduct$ ?r\gh ! ho/4 ,on _! return !y report$ t ! ,normans1 :om !y _h notic$ to be close %av5 & cropt1 7 an army ( prie/s & mass-say]s r ?an knights4 ,h>old1 :o knew ! habits ( ! ,normans1 repli$1 8,^! are valiant knights1 bold & brave w>riors1 ?\gh !y be> n be>ds & mu/a*es z we d40 ,not)/&+ ! ill success ( 8 =m] repres5tations1 ,william p]sev]$ 9 negotiation4 ,he lo/ no "t by x1 & if he did n succe$ 9 8 imm$iate object1 he induc$ 8 obs]v]s to believe1 t "o :o 0 s b5t ^u ! inve/igation ( 8 claims mu/ h "r ^u 8 side4 ,on ! same day t he ent]ta9$ ! spies ( ,h>old1 he s5t a monk1 le>n$ & wise1 (f]+ ,h>old "o ( ?ree ?+s--t he %\ld resign ! k+dom1 t he %\ld submit to ! judgm5t ( ! ,pope1 or meet him s+ly & fight body = body4 ,h>old decl9$ e alt]native4 ,next day--! day be=e ! battle--,william attempt$ to obta9 a p]sonal int]view ) ,h>old4 ,h>old refus$ to meet him4 ,by ! mess5g] :o br\ght ,h>old's negative to ! proposal = a meet+1 ,william s5t him ^w t if he w\ld retire he w\ld give him all ,nor?umb]l&1 & :atev] belong$ to ! k+dom beyond ! ,humb]2 to 8 bro!r ,gur? he promis$ ! l&s ( ,godw9 _! fa!r4 ,h>old reject$ ?is also3 ,nor?umb]l& 0 no?+ wor?2 x 0 *iefly peopl$ by ,danes1 & 0 liable to con/ant invasion4 ,william1 :5 k+1 c\ld n gov]n ,nor?umb]l&4 ,z a matt]1 n ( feel+1 n ( rev5ge1 b ( cool1 calculat+ /ate policy1 he swept x ( e liv+ ?+--he made x a des]t1 & su* x cont9u$ = a c5tury aft] 8 "t4 ,at ! same "t t ,william s5t 8 la/ message1 he *>g$ ! cl]k :o took x1 9 case ( refusal1 to s[ ! se$s ( t]ror & dissatisfaction among ! ,engli%4 8,tell !m10 said he1 8t all :o come ) ,h>old1 or support him 9 ?is affair1 are excommunicat$ by ! ,apo/le & 8 cl]gy40 ,?is 0 a javel9 skilfully ?r[n4 8,at ?is excommunication ! ,engli% 7 mu* tr\bl$2 !y fe>$ x greatly1 & ! battle /ill m40 ,gur?1 h[ev]1 ralli$ !m4 ,he told !m t _! all 0 at /ake1 t ,william _h promis$ _! l&s to 8 foll[]s1 & t he _h already tak5 homage = !m f _m4 8,def5d y\rselves !n10 he said1 8& y\r *ildr5 & all t belongs to y1 :ile y may40 ,at ^! words ! ,engli% 7 ar\s$1 & cri$ out t ! ,normans _h come on an evil day1 & _h emb>k$ on a fooli% matt]4 8,! ,duke & 8 m5 tri$ no fur!r negotiation1 b return$ to _! t5ts1 sure ( fight+ on ! morr[4 ,!n m5 7 to be se5 on e side /raight5+ lances1 fitt+ haub]ks & helmets1 mak+ ready ! saddles & /irrups2 fill+ ! quiv]s1 /r++ ! b[s1 & mak+ all ready = ! battle40 ,! night be=e a battle mu/ be a season ( peculi> solemnity & susp5se4 ,! %ades ( night1 giv+ indi/9ctness to ! l&scape1 h>monize too well ) ! d\bts :i* becl\d ! m9d z to ! morr['s de/9y4 ,he is a fool1 n a h]o1 :o w\ld /ep f "t into et]nity )\t solemn ?\ght4 ,! acc\nts :i* we h ( ! way 9 :i* ! ho/s sp5t ! night be=e ! battle are all to ! disadvantage ( ! ,engli%4 ,_h !y be5 ! w9n+ in/ead ( ! los+ p>ty1 ! *ronicl]s w\ld d\btless h be5 less sev]e4 ,z x is1 !y tell u t ! troops ( ,h>old sp5t ! night 9 eat+ & dr9k+ & m]rim5t--nev] ly+ d[n 9 _! b$s4 ,if ?is be true1 h[ we are we to acc\nt = ! vig\r ) :i* !y f\ght f n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+ until nightfall next day8 ,! ,normans & ,fr5*1 on ! o!r h&1 we are told1 betook !mselves to _! orisons4 8,!y made confession ( _! s9s1 accus$ !mselves to ! prie/s1 & v[$ t !y w\ld nev] m eat fle% on ! ,saturday0 7! day ( ! battle74 ,_m ( !m kept ! v[6 ,at ! dawn ( day ea* p>ty _h complet$ its prep>ations4 ,be=e ! sun %\ld set1 a battle 0 to be f\ght on :i* hung n m]ely ! fate ( an empire1 b1 z ev5ts h subsequ5tly prov$1 ! de/9ies ( ! civiliz$ _w to ?is h\r4 ,,! ,,battle4 8,revolv+ 9 8 alt]$ s\l ,! v>i\s turns ( fate bel[40 ,dryd54 ,! room is /ill po9t$ out 9 ! ro(less donjon keep ( ,falaise1 9 :i* ,arlotte1 ! tann]'s daught]1 gave bir? to ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,x is a small com=tless ap>tm5t4 ,:5 ! newborn babe 0 laid ^u ! floor1 he grasp$ ! /raw :i* cov]$ x ) a vig\r t induc$ ! by/&]s to pr$ict t he w\ld ere long take a =emo/ place among/ ! ambiti\s pot5tates ( 8 age4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our wor/$ n>rative we h foll[$ our h]o to a po9t 9 :i* he is ab\t to ju/ify ! correctness ( ^! surmis+s4 ,h>old1 pa9fully consci\s ( ! inf]iority ( 8 milit>y equipm5ts1 resolv$ to act on ! def5sive4 ,he took up 8 position on a r\nd-topp$ hill1 hav+ on its summit a circul> plat=m j suffici5t to conta9 8 troops drawn up 9 close ord]4 ,?is hill 0 anci5tly call$ ,s5lac2 x aft]w>ds became ! site ( ! ,abbey ( ,battle4 ,h>old fur!r /r5g!n$ 8 position by e>!n ramp>ts cr[n$ ) palisades ( wood4 ,wace1 speak+ ( ^! precautions1 says1 8,!y _h built up a f5ce be=e !m ) _! %ields1 & ) a% & o!r wood2 & _h well jo9$ & wattl$ 9 _! :ole "w1 s z n to leave ev5 a crevice2 & ?us !y _h a b>ricade 9 _! front1 ?r\gh :i* any ,norman :o w\ld attack !m mu/ fir/ pass4 ,be+ cov]$ 9 ?is way by _! %ields & b>ricades1 _! aim 0 to def5d !mselves2 & if !y _h rema9$ /eady = t purpose1 !y w\ld n h be5 conqu]$ t day2 = e ,norman :o made 8 way 9 lo/ 8 life 9 di%on\r1 ei!r by hat*et or bill1 by club or o!r weapon40 ,9 addition to ^! def5ces1 ,wace tells u t ,h>old 8made a fosse1 :i* w5t across ! field1 gu>d+ "o side ( _! army40 ,?is 0 probably l[] d[n ! hill ?an ! position occupi$ by 8 camp1 & 0 *iefly int5d$ to incommode ! cavalry4 ,h>old fur!r feel+ t he _h n ! p[] to prev5t ! enemy's horse outflank+ him1 ord]$ 8t all %\ld be rang$ ) _! faces t[>ds ! enemy0--t !y %\ld front ?ree sides at lea/ ( ! squ>e4 ,we see !m 7,plate ,,xiv47 su/a9+ an attack f opposite qu>t]s1 & 9 bo? cases front+ ! foe4 ,he moreov] issu$ directions 8t no "o %\ld move f :]e he 02 s t :oev] came might f9d !m ready2 & t :atev] any "o1 be he ,norman or o!r1 %\ld d1 ea* %\ld d 8 be/ to def5d 8 own place40 ,he plant$ 8 /&>d--! dragon ( ,wessex--on ! mo/ elevat$ "p ( ! hill1 & !re he resolv$ to def5d x to ! la/4 ,nobly ,h>old fulfill$ 8 purpose--no?+ c\ld tempt him f 8 po/--& ere ! ,saxon ensign b[$ to ! bann] bless$ by ! ,pope1 8 blood _h dr5*$ ! soil4 ,h>old's m5 consi/$ b 9 "p ( regul>ly tra9$ troops4 ,among/ !m 7 _m 8villa9s call$ toge!r f ! villages1 be>+ su* arms z !y f\nd--clubs & great picks1 iron =ks & /akes40 ,^! undiscipl9$ ,saxons exhibit$ no lack ( t indomitable en]gy = :i* ! ,engli% race is fam\s2 b1 z ,h>old's bro!r1 ,gur?1 rem>k$1 8a great ga!r+ ( vilanaille is wor? little 9 battle40 ,! numb]s ( ! two armies h be5 v>i\sly /at$4 ,probably ,wace is "r 9 say+ t !y 7 ne>ly equal4 ,he sets d[n ! army ( ,william at sixty ?\s&1 & speaks ?us ( 8 oppon5t's3 8,_m & _m h said t ,h>old _h b a small =ce1 & t he fell on t acc\nt4 ,b _m o!rs say1 & s d ,i1 t he & ! ,duke _h man = man4 ,! m5 ( ! ,duke 7 n m num]\s1 b he _h c]ta9ly m b>ons1 & ! m5 7 bett]4 ,he _h pl5ty ( good knights1 & great pl5ty ( good ar*]s40 ,! ,norman =ces1 hav+ f9i%$ _! devotions by an e>ly h\r 9 ! morn+1 7 ord]$ to =m 9 ?ree divisions1 ! ,duke himself comm&+ ! c5tre1 :i* consi/$ ( ,normans4 ,william !n address$ 8 army1 say+1 8,if ,i conqu]1 y w conqu]2 if ,i w9 l&s1 y %all h l&s0--tell+ !m1 at ! same "t1 t he came n m]ely to e/abli% 8 own claims1 b also to puni% ! ,engli% = ! massacre ( ! ,danes1 & o!r felonies :i* !y _h committ$ aga9/ 8 p4 ,!n !y began to cry out1 8,y w n see "o c[>d2 none "h w fe> to die = love ( y if ne$ be40 ,& he answ]$ !m1 8,/rike h>d at ! beg9n+2 /ay n to take spoil2 all ! booty %all be 9 common1 & !re w be pl5ty = e "o4 ,!re w be no safety 9 peace or flight4 ,! ,engli% w nei!r love nor sp>e ,normans4 ,felons !y 71 & are2 false !y 71 & false !y w be40 ,william 0 cont9u+ 8 spee*1 :5 ,fitz-,osborne1 :o _h be5 "o ( 8 pr9cipal advis]s 9 ! :ole bus9ess1 int]rupt$ him3 8,sire1 said he1 we t>ry "h too long2 let u arm ourselves4 ,allons6 ,allons60 ,:5 ,william began to prep>e = battle1 he call$ fir/ = 8 good haub]k1 & a man br\ght x on 8 arm & plac$ x be=e him2 b1 9 putt+ 8 head 9 to get x on1 he inadv]t5tly turn$ x ! wrong way1 ) ! back 9 front4 ,he quickly *ang$ x2 b :5 he saw t ^? :o /ood by him 7 sorely al>m$1 he said1 8,i nev] believ$ 9 om5s1 & ,i nev] w4 ,i tru/ 9 ,god4 ,! haub]k :i* 0 turn$ wrong & !n set "r1 signifies t ,i :o h hi!rto be5 b duke1 %all be *ang$ into a k+4 ,!n he cross$ himself1 & /raightway took 8 haub]k1 /oop$ 8 head1 & put x on aright2 & lac$ 8 helmet & girt 8 sword1 :i* a v>let br\ght him40 ,!re is some?+ poetical 9 ! error :i* ,william made4 ,he 0 too good a g5]al to be boa/ful--he _h be5 too (t5 9 ! field n to "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! putt+ on & ! putt+ (f ( ! arm\r--he knew too well1 moreov]1 ! s]i\s nature ( ! v5ture :i* he _h made to pay mu* att5tion to ! duties ( 8 milit>y toilet4 ,8 capaci\s m9d ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4 0 weigh+ ! *ances ( victory or defeat1 & = ! la/ "t review+ all ! arrangem5ts :i* he _h made = ei!r alt]native4 ,! ,norman ,duke1 not)/&+ 8 usual exemption f sup]/iti\s influ5ces1 did n consid] 8 prep>ation = battle complete until he _h /rung ar\nd 8 neck a portion ( ! relics ov] :i* ,h>old _h tak5 8 fai?less v[4 ,william entru/$ ! /&>d :i* ! ,pope _h giv5 him to ,tur/9 ,fitz-,r\4 ,8 demean\r1 r5d]$ ev5 m ?an usually comm&+ by ! greatness ( ! occasion1 seems to h attract$ ! att5tion ( 8 companions 9 arms2--8,nev] 7said ! ,visc\nt ( ,to>z71 nev] h ,i se5 a man s fairly arm$1 nor "o :o rode s gallantly1 or bore 8 arms or became 8 haub]k s well2 nei!r any "o :o bore 8 lance s gracefully1 or sat 8 horse or manuvr$ s nobly4 ,!re is no su* knight "u heav56 a fair knight he is1 & a fair k+ he w be60 ,we are n[ prep>$ = exam9+ ! ,tape/ry4 ,"u ! comp>tm5t inscrib$ ,,hic ,,milites ,,exi]unt ,,de ,,he/5ga--,"h ! soldi]s h dep>t$ f ,ha/+s--we see ! ,duke1 arm$ cap-a-pie1 prep>+ to m\nt 8 *>g]1 :i* is br\ght him by an att5dant4 ,next we h a well arrang$ gr\p ( horsem51 repres5t+ ! :ole ,norman army1 proce$+ onw>d at a /eady pace4 ,"s sc\ts 9 advance sc\r ! c\ntry1 & gu>d aga9/ surprise4 ,! inscription proce$s1 ,,et ,,v5]unt ,,ad ,,prelium ,,contra ,,h>oldum ,,regem--,& m>* to battle aga9/ ,h>old ! ,k+4 ,! c\ntry betwe5 ,ha/+s & ,battle is ( an undulat+ nature4 ,! ,duke _h _m defiles ( a dang]\s nature to pass1 9 :i* ,h>old might h h>ass$ him if he _h possess$ cavalry1 & if he _h _h troops to sp>e4 ,z x 01 he 0 all[$ to proce$ unmole/$2 nev]!less1 bo? p>ties s5t out sc\ts to wat* ea* o!r's movem5ts4 ,! horseman1 ,vitalis1 seems to h be5 s5t on ?is err& by ,william4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry he is repres5t$ z gallop+ up to 8 *iefta9 ) ! news :i* he has ga!r$ respect+ ! enemy1 t[>ds :om 8 spe> is po9t$4 ,! gr\p is labell$1 ,,hic ,,willelm3 ,,dux ,,int]rogat ,,vital3 ,,si ,,vidisset ,,ex]citum ,,h>oldi--,"h ,duke ,william asks ,vitalis1 :e!r he _h se5 ,h>old's army4 ,h>old's sc\t is next se51 on foot1 endeav\r+ to obta9 a glimpse ?r\gh ! =e/s ( ! approa*+ foe2 he !n in=ms 8 k+ ( _! advance4 ,! leg5d is1 ,,i/e ,,nuntiat ,,h>oldum ,,regem ,,de ,,ex]citu ,,willelm3 ,,ducis--,?is man br+s ^w to ,h>old ! ,k+ respect+ ,duke ,william's army4 8,! l9e ( ! ,normans' m>* f ! camp ( ,ha/+s to ! battle-field1 mu/ h la9 on ! s\?-we/]n slope ( ! elevat$ ridge ( l& ext5d+ f ,fairlight to ,battle2 t is1 to ! nor? ( ! village ( ,holl+ton1 ?r\gh :at is n[ ,cr[hur/ ,p>k1 to ! elevat$ spot call$ ,he!l&1 b n[ kn[n z ,telham ,hill40#id ,?is hill is ab\t a mile s\? ( ! "o occupi$ by ,h>old4 ,its anci5t "n seems to imply t x 0 cov]$ ) hea? r ?an ) wood2 ?is circum/ance1 toge!r ) ! fact ( its elevat$ position1 w\ld enable ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,william's ho/ = ! fir/ "t cle>ly to descry _! enemy f its summit1 & r5d] x a fitt+ place on :i* to make ! f9al prep>ations = ! onslaught4 ,?is spot1 accord+ to local tradition1 d]iv$ its "n ( ,telham1 or ,telman ,hill1 f ,william's hav+ told (f 8 m5 be=e advanc+ to ! fight4 ,we c readily conceive :at w\ld be ! feel+s ( ! two =ces1 z on ! morn+ ( ! #ad? ( ,octob]1 #ajff1 !y came 9 sight ( ea* o!r2--8,"s ) _! col\r ris+1 o!rs turn+ pale2 "s mak+ ready _! arms1 o!rs rais+ _! %ields2 ! brave man rais+ himself to ! fight1 ! c[>d trembl+ at ! approa*+ dang]40 ,:o c /& ^u ! gr\nd occupi$ by ei!r p>ty )\t sympa?iz+1 9 "p1 ) _! fi]ce emotions8 ,happily1 su* sympa?y is va94 ,n only h victor & vanqui%$ long ceas$ to be mov$ by e>?'s conc]nm5ts1 b ! desc5dants ( ea* h long be5 bl5d$ into "o race1 hav+ common int]e/s1 common feel+s4 ,be=e comm5c+ ! onslaught1 ,william aga9 address$ 8 troops4 ,he is repres5t$ 9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xiii47 beside a tree1 repres5t+ probably ! edge ( ! =e/1 ) ! baton ( comm& 9 8 "r h&4 ,! leg5d "h is1 ,,hic ,,willelm3 ,,dux ,,alloquitur ,,suis ,,militibus ,,ut ,,prep>>5t ,,se ,,virilit] ,,et ,,sapi5t] ,,ad ,,prelium ,,contra ,,anglorum ,,ex]citum--,"h ,duke ,william exhorts 8 soldi]s to prep>e manfully & prud5tly = battle aga9/ ! army ( ! ,engli%4 ,wace says t ! battlecry ( ! ,normans 0 ,dex aie6 7,god help671 t ( ! ,engli%1 ,ut6 7out6--begone67 ,h>old 0 n less dilig5t ?an 8 antagoni/ 9 mak+ prep>ations4 8,he ord]$ ! m5 ( ,k5t to g :]e ! ,normans 7 likely to make ! attack2 = !y say t ! m5 ( ,k5t are entitl$ to /rike fir/1 & t :5ev] ! k+ goes to battle1 ! fir/ bl[ belongs to !m4 ,! "r ( ! m5 ( ,london is to gu>d ! k+'s body1 to place !mselves ar\nd him1 & to gu>d 8 /&>d2 & !y 7 accord+ly plac$ by ! /&>d to wat* & def5d x40 8,ea* man _h a haub]k on1 ) 8 sword girt1 & 8 %ield at 8 neck4 ,great hat*ets 7 also slung at _! necks1 ) :i* !y expect$ to /rike heavy bl[s4 ,!y 7 on foot 9 close ranks1 & c>ri$ !mselves "r boldly4 ,olicrosse 7holy cross7 !y (t5 cri$1 & _m times repeat$ ,godamite 7,god ,almighty740#ie 8,& n[ behold6 t battle 0 ga!r$ :]e( ! fame is yet mighty40 ,ne>ly all ! *ronicl]s tell u t ! m9/rel-w>rior ,taillef] 0 ! fir/ to beg9 ! battle1 & "s ( !m in=m u t z he approa*$ ! ,engli% l9es1 he produc$ a sort ( panic among/ !m by 8 juggl+ tricks4 ,x says n a little = ! correctness ( ! del9eations ( ! ,tape/ry1 & ( ! au!nticity ( ! ,roman de ,r\1 t nei!r ( !m ref]s to ^! improbable /ories1 h[ev] great ! pictorial effect ( !m might h be54 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! v]ses ( ,gaim>1 describ+ ! ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv apocryphal exploits ( ,taillef]1 possess consid]able int]e/1 x may be well to introduce !m "h 9 ! g>b 9 :i* !y h be5 clo!d by ,mr4 ,amyot1 9 ! ,ar*ologia1#if 8,=emo/ 9 ! b&s ( ,france1 ,arm'd ) haub]k & ) lance1 ,& helmet glitt]+ 9 ! air1 ,z if a w>rior-knight he 71 ,ru%$ =? ! m9/rel ,taillef]4-- ,borne on 8 c\rs] swift & /rong1 ,he gaily b\nd$ o'er ! pla91 ,& rais$ ! he>t-inspir+ song 7,l\d e*o$ by ! w>like ?rong7 ,( ,rol& & ( ,*>lemagne1 ,( ,oliv]1 brave pe] ( old1 ,untaught to fly1 unkn[n to yield1 ,& _m a knight & vassal bold1 ,^: hall[$ blood1 9 crimson flood1 ,dy$ ,roncevalles' field4 ,h>old's ho/ he soon descri$1 ,clu/]+ on ! hill's /eep side3 ,!n1 turn$ him back brave ,taillef]1 ,& ?us to ,william urg$ 8 pray]3 #8,great ,sire1 x fits n me to tell ,h[ long ,i've s]v$ y1 or h[ well2 ,yet if rew>d my lays may claim1 ,grant n[ ! boon ,i d>e to "n3 ,m9/rel no m1 be m9e ! bl[ ,t fir/ %all /rike yon p]jur$ foe4' #8,?y suit is ga9$1' ! ,duke repli$1 #8,our gallant m9/rel be our guide4' #8,en\gh1' he cri$1 #8) joy ,i spe$1 ,=emo/ to vanqui% or to ble$4' ,& /ill ( ,rol&'s de$s he sung1 ,:ile ,norman %\ts responsive rung1 ,z high 9 air 8 lance he flung1 ,) well direct$ might2 ,back came ! lance into 8 h&1 ,l ur*9's ball1 or juggl]'s w&1 ,& twice aga91 at 8 comm&1 ,:irl$ x's un]r+ flight4-- ,:ile d\bt+ :e!r skill or *>m ,_h ?us inspir$ ! m9/rel's arm1 ,! ,saxons saw ! wondr\s d>t ,fix$ 9 _! /&>d-be>]'s he>t4 ,n[ ?rice al(t 8 sword he ?rew1 ',mid/ sp>kl+ sunbeams danc+1 ,& d[nw>d ?rice ! weapon flew1 ,l meteor o'er ! ev5+ dew1 ,f summ] sky swift glanc+3 ,& :ile amazem5t gasp$ = brea?1 ,ano!r ,saxon groan$ 9 dea?4 ,m wond]s yet6--on signal made1 ,) mane erect1 & eye-balls fla%+1 ,! well-taught c\rs] re>s 8 head1 ,8 tee? 9 rav5\s fury gna%+2 ,he snorts--he foams--& upw>d spr+s-- ,plung+ he fa/5s on ! foe1 ,& d[n 8 wri?+ victim fl+s1 ,cru%$ by ! wily m9/rel's bl[4 ,?us seems x to ! ho/ile b& ,en*antm5t all1 & fairy l&4 ,fa9 w\ld ,i leave ! re/ unsung3-- ,! ,saxon ranks1 to madness /ung1 ,headlong ru%$ ) fr5zi$ />t1 ,hurl+ javel91 mace1 & d>t2 ,no %elt] f ! iron %[] ,s\ght ,taillef] 9 t sad h\r2 ,yet /ill he beckon$ to ! field1 #8,fr5*m51 come on4--! ,saxons yield-- ,/rike quick--/rike home--9 ,rol&'s "n-- ,= ,william's glory--,h>old's %ame4' ,!n pi]c$ ) w\nds1 /ret*$ side by side1 ,! m9/rel & 8 c\rs] di$40 ,! *>ge ( ,taillef] r\s$ ! mettle ( bo? p>ties4 8,=?) arose ! noise & cry ( w>1 & on ei!r side ! p put !mselves 9 motion40 8,"s 7 /rik+1 o!rs urg+ onw>ds2 & all 7 bold1 & ca/ aside fe>40 8,l\d & f> res\nd$ ! bray ( ! horns & ! %ocks ( ! lances2 ! mighty /rokes ( clubs1 & ! quick cla%+ ( swords4 ,"o :ile ! ,engli%m5 ru%$ on1 ano!r :ile !y fell back2 "o :ile ! m5 f ov] ! sea *>g$ onw>ds1 & aga91 at o!r times1 retreat$4 ,!n came ! cunn+ manuvres1 ! rude %ocks & /rokes ( ! lance1 & bl[s ( ! sword1 among ! s]geants & soldi]s1 bo? ,engli% & ,norman4 ,:5 ! ,engli% fall ! ,normans %\t4 ,ea* side taunts & defies ! o!r1 yet nei!r kn[e? :at ! o!r sai?2 & ! ,normans say ! ,engli% b>k1 because !y und]/& n _! spee*40 ,9 ?is way ! /ruggle proce$$ = sev]al h\rs4 ,! ,saxons _h an ardu\s "p to su/a92 =1 z %ewn 9 ! ,tape/ry1 !y 7 attack$ on all sides4 ,e>ly 9 ! battle ! bro!rs ( ,h>old1 ,gur? & ,le(w9 fell4 ,! fact is indicat$ by ! sup]scription1 ,,hic ,,cecid]unt ,,lew9e ,,et ,,gur? ,,fratres ,,h>oldi ,,regis--,"h fell ,le(w9 & ,gur?1 ! bro!rs ( ,h>old ! ,k+4 ,bravely _h !y su/a9$ _! bro!r 9 8 ef=ts to resi/ ! invad]1 & d\btless !y _h1 9 ! excess ( _! zeal1 ne$lessly haz>d$ _! lives4 ,accord+ to ,wace1 !y did n fall until aft] ,h>old _h be5 sla94 ,?is is "o ( ! po9ts 9 :i* ! wor/$ *ronicle diff]s f ! ,roman de ,r\4 ,9 a battle1 :]e all is confusion--:]e few c obta9 a g5]al view ( :at passes--& :]e ea* is int5sely occupi$ ) 8 own foeman--x is exce$+ly difficult = any "o to give a j acc\nt ( ! :ole sc5e1 or to reconcile ! conflict+ /atem5ts ( o!rs4 ,all our hi/orians agree t bo? ! bro!rs ( ,h>old 7 sla9 9 ! battle ( ,ha/+s2--_h x be5 o!rwise ,william w\ld n h be5 cr[n$ at ,we/m9i/] t ,*ri/mas4 ,foll[+1 on ! ,tape/ry1 ! dea? ( ,gur? & ,le(w9 7,plate ,,xv47 is a sc5e ?us labell$3 ,,hic ,,cecid]unt ,,simul ,,angli ,,et ,,franci ,,9 ,,prelio4 ,! sc5e is "h mo/ animat$4 ,saxons & ,normans are m+l$ 9 a close enc\nt]4 ,horses & m5 exhibit ! frantic contortions ( dy+ agony4 ,at ! fur!r end ( ! comp>tm5t a p>ty ( ,saxons1 po/$ on a hill1 expos$ to ! enemy on "o side1 b protect$ by a =e/ 7repres5t$ by a tree7 on ! o!r1 seem to be mak+ head aga9/ _! assailants4 ,! ,normans _h attack$ ! ,saxon encampm5t ) ! utmo/ impetuosity 9 front & 9 flank4 ,! ,saxons ma9ta9$ _! gr\nd well1 b "s1 ?r\gh fe> or misadv5ture1 7 con/ra9$ to flee4 ,! victori\s ,normans1 /rongly arm$ & well m\nt$1 pursu$ ! fly+ footm54 ,9 do+ s1 !y left n only _! own army1 b t ( ,h>old 9 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4 ! re>4 ,soon a swampy valley 0 to be enc\nt]$4 ,! retreat+ ,engli%1 climb+ ! opposite hill1 paus$1 at once to take brea? & to exam9e _! position4 ,f9d+ ! ,normans /ruggl+ ) ! difficulties ( ! morass1 & consci\s ( ! advantage :i* _! elevat$ position gave !m1 !y :eel$ ab\t1 & became ! attack+ p>ty4 ,_! ef=ts 7 cr[n$ ) success2 ! invad]s 7 ?r[n into a /ate ( confusion ne>ly inextricable4 ,b x is necess>y n[ to ref] to our au?orities4 ,! acc\nt giv5 9 ! ,roman de ,r\ ( ?is important "p ( ! ev5ts ( t ev5tful day is ! foll[+3 8,9 ! pla9 0 a fosse1 :i* ! ,normans n[ _h beh9d !m1 hav+ pass$ x 9 ! fight )\t reg>d+ x4 ,b ! ,engli% *>g$1 & drove ! ,normans be=e !m1 till !y made !m fall back ^u ?is fosse1 ov]?r[+ into x horses & m54 ,_m 7 to be se5 fall+ !re91 roll+ "o ov] ! o!r1 ) _! faces to ! e>?1 & unable to rise4 ,_m ( ! ,engli% also1 :om ! ,normans drew d[n along ) !m1 di$ !re4 ,at no "t dur+ ! day's battle did s _m ,normans die z p]i%$ 9 t fosse4 ,s said !y :o saw ! dead40 ,! acc\nt giv5 9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,battle ,abbey is simil>4 8,!re lay betwe5 ! ho/ile armies a c]ta9 dreadful precipice4444 ,x 0 ( consid]able ext5t1 & be+ ov]gr[n ) bu%es or brambles1 0 n v easily se51 & great numb]s ( m51 pr9cipally ,normans 9 pursuit ( ! ,engli%1 7 suffocat$ 9 x4 ,=1 ignorant ( ! dang]1 z !y 7 runn+ 9 a disord]ly mann]1 !y fell into ! *asm1 & 7 fe>fully da%$ to pieces & sla94 ,& ?is pit1 f ?is deplorable accid5t1 is /ill call$ ,malfosse40 ,) ^! /atem5ts t ( ,william ( ,malmesbury agrees--8,by frequ5tly mak+ a /&1 !y slaught]$ _! pursu]s 9 heaps2 =1 gett+ possession ( an em95ce1 !y drove d[n ! ,normans1 :5 r\s$ ) indignation & anxi\sly /riv+ to ga9 ! high] gr\nd1 into ! valley b5ea?1 :51 easily hurl+ _! javel9s & roll+ d[n /ones on !m z !y /ood bel[1 !y de/roy$ !m to a man40 ,) ^! descriptions ! del9eation ( ! ,tape/ry agrees 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,! only po9t :i* rema9s = u is to id5tify ! sc5e ( ?is skirmi% ) "s locality 9 ! vic9ity ( ,battle4 ,?is ,mr4 ,l[] enables u to d4 8,!re is no place ne> ,battle :i* c1 ) a due reg>d to ! proprieties ( language1 be call$ a #8dreadful precipice' 7mis]abile prceipitium va/e pat5s71 ?\gh1 by comp>+ ,malmesbury ) ! ,monk ( ,battle1 ,i ?9k ,i h succe$$ 9 id5tify+ ! locality ( ?is #8bad dit*4'#ig ,f all ! probabilities ( ! case1 x w\ld seem t ! flight & pursuit mu/ h la9 9 a nor?-we/]ly direction1 ?r\gh t "p ( ! di/rict kn[n z ,m\ntjoy4 ,assum+ ?is1 ! em95ce allud$ to mu/ h be5 ! ridge ris+ f ,m\nt ,/reet to ,caldbeck ,hill1 & ! ,malfosse "s "p ( ! /ream :i*1 fl[+ at its feet1 runs 9 ! direction ( ,watl+ton1 & becomes a tribut>y ( ! ,ro!r4 ,?is rivulet occasionally ov]fl[s its banks1 & ! primitive condition ( ! adjac5t levels 0 d\btless t ( a morass1 ov]gr[n ) flags1 re$s1 & simil> bog vegetables4 ,?anks1 h[ev]1 to good dra9age1 ?is #8bad dit*' no long] rema9s4 ,! "n 0 corrupt$1 previ\sly to #abgi1 to ,manfosse1 & a piece ( l& call$ ,w9ce/recr(t1 9 ,manfosse1 0 c$$ to ! ,abbey ( ,battle 9 t ye>4 ,n[ ,w9ce/recr(t is /ill well kn[n1 & lies 9 ! direction specifi$1 we/ by nor? ( ! pres5t t[n ( ,battle40#ih ,! ,engli%1 aft] hav+ ext]m9at$ _! pursu]s1 rega9$ ! em95ce on :i* ! ma9 body 0 encamp$4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ critical p]iod ( ! day's fight4 ,! v>lets :o _h be5 set to gu>d ! h>ness ( ! ,normans1 began to ab&on x4 ,! prie/s :o _h confess$ & bless$ ! army 9 ! morn+1 & _h mean:ile retir$ to a neighb\r+ height1 began to take !mselves (f4 ,9 ?is extremity ,odo int]f]$1 & turn$ ! fate ( ! battle4 ,! description 9 ! ,roman de ,r\ precisely corresponds ) ! draw+ 9 ! ,tape/ry4 ,wace says1 8,!n ,odo1 ! good prie/1 ! ,bi%op ( ,bayeux1 gallop$ up1 & said to !m #8,/& fa/1 /& fa/6 be quiet & move n6 fe> no?+1 = if x please ,god1 we %all conqu] yet4' ,s !y took c\rage1 & re/$ :]e !y 72 & ,odo return$ gallop+ back to :]e ! battle 0 mo/ fi]ce1 & 0 ( great s]vice on t day4 ,he _h put a haub]k on1 ov] a :ite aube1 wide 9 ! body1 ) ! sleeves tight2 & sat on a :ite horse1 s t all might recognize him4 ,9 8 h& he held a mace1 & :]ev] he saw mo/ ne$1 he l$ up & /ation$ ! knights1 & (t5 urg$ !m on to assault & /rike ! enemy40 ,) ?is description ! ,tape/ry exactly accords1 except 9 ! col\r ( ! horse2 x h[ev] repres5ts x z be+ suffici5tly conspicu\s4 ,! inscription is ,,hic ,,odo ,,episcopus ,,t55s ,,baculum ,,con=tat ,,pu]os--,"h ,odo hold+ a /aff exhorts ! soldi]s4#ii ,! /aff :i* ,odo wields is1 ,i suspect1 ! badge ( comm&--! m>%al's baton z x 7--& n a weapon1 z "s writ]s suppose4 ,william himself1 9 ! next gr\p1 is repres5t$ ) a simil> implem5t4 ,dur+ ! middle ages ! prie/s ( ! sanctu>y 7 n unfrequ5tly to be f\nd 9 ! battle-field4 ,"s ( !m 7 mu* m at home 9 ! mid/ ( ! mele ?an 9 guid+ s9-/rick5 s\ls to a ,savi\r4 ,! bold ,bi%op ( ,durham1 ,an?ony ,beck1 nev] left ! prec9cts ( 8 ca/le b 9 magnific5t milit>y array4 ,he f\ght p]sonally at ! battle ( ,falkirk1 & drew f a soldi]1 :o felt p]haps a sup]/iti\s dread at aim+ a deadly bl[ at "o inve/$ ) ! sacr$ (fice1 ! m]it$ rebuke1 8,to y\r mass1 ,o prie/40 ,ri*>d ,i41 :5 at w> ) ,philip ( ,france1 took a ,fr5* ,bi%op prison]4 ,! ,pope s5t to dem& 8 lib]ation1 claim+ him z a son ( ! *ur*4 ,ri*>d ^u ?is s5t ! ,bi%op's coat ( mail to ! ,pope1 j z x 01 besme>$ ) ! blood ( ! sla91 employ+ ! words ( ,jacob's sons1 8,?is h we f\nd2 "k n[ :e!r x be ?y son's coat or no40 ,! canon laws inde$ =bade a prie/ to %$ blood2 b ?is 0 evad$1 x is said1 by ! use ( a mace in/ead ( a sword4 ,! w>rior-prie/ did n /ab a man2 he only bra9$ him4 ,x is on ?is gr\nd t ! baton held by ,odo has be5 consid]$ by "s writ]s to be a weapon4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! confusion & panic :i* att5d$ ! disa/]s 9 ! ,malfosse1 a report 0 spread among ! ,normans t ,william 0 dead4 ,at ! same "t1 too1 accord+ to "o writ]1#ajj ,eu/ace ,c\nt ( ,b\logne /rongly urg$ ! ,duke to )draw 8 =ces f ! field1 consid]+ ! battle to be lo/ beyond recov]y4 ,a ,saxon %aft at t mom5t laid ,eu/ace l[1 & deliv]$ ,william f 8 importunity4 ,! ,duke1 no?+ daunt$ by ?is disa/]1 ru%$ among 8 troops1 enc\rag$ 8 m5 to ma9ta9 ! combat1 & to assure !m ( ! falsehood ( ! report ( 8 dea?1 rais$ 8 helmet & exhibit$ himself to 8 p4 ,?is act is exhibit$ 9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xv472 at ! same "t1 8 /&>d-be>]1 :o nev] left him ?r\gh\t ! day1 draws att5tion to ! circum/ance4 ,! gr\p is labell$1 ,,hic ,,e/ ,,dvx ,,wilel3--,"h is ,duke ,william4 ,by ^! en]getic means ! ,normans return$ to ! onset4 ,! ,tape/ry %[s u ! fe>ful slaught] :i* took place on t h>d-f\ght field4 ,! bord] is fill$ ) dead m5 & horses ly+ 9 e conceivable position2 a head is n unfrequ5tly deposit$ at "s di/ance f ! body to :i* x once belong$4 ,we c sc>cely look ^u ! draw+ )\t be+ impress$ ) ! idea t ! design] ( ! ,tape/ry _h be5 ! witness ( "s fight4 ,x is said t :5 a man receives a mortal w\nd1 8 body is ?r[n = ! mom5t into viol5t spasmodic action4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t y may tell ! effect ( a dea?-br++ volley by notic+ h[ _m unhappy wret*es make a sudd5 leap4 ,9 ! ,tape/ry some?+ ( ?is spasmodic action is manife/$1 & "s ( ! m5 are com+ to ! gr\nd 9 su* a po/ure z !y c\ld only d aft] hav+ sprung up f x4#aja ,! battle _h n[ la/$ ! great] "p ( ! day4 8,f n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+ till ?ree 9 ! aft]noon ! battle 0 up & d[n1 ?is way & t1 & no "o knew :o w\ld conqu] & w9 ! l&4 ,bo? sides /ood s firm & f\ght s well t no "o c\ld guess :i* w\ld prevail4 ,! ,norman ar*]s ) _! b[s %ot ?ickly ^u ! ,engli%2 b !y cov]$ !mselves ) _! %ields1 s t ! arr[s c\ld n rea* _! bodies4444 ,!n ! ,normans det]m9$ to %oot _! arr[s upw>ds into ! air1 s t !y might fall on _! enemies' heads & /rike _! faces4 ,! ar*]s adopt$ ?is s*eme1 & %ot up into ! air t[>ds ! ,engli%2 & ! arr[s 9 fall+ /ruck _! heads & faces1 & put out ! eyes ( _m1 & all fe>$ to op5 _! eyes or leave _! faces ungu>d$40 8,! arr[s n[ flew ?ick] ?an ra9 be=e ! w9d4 ,!n x 0 t an arr[ t _h be5 ?us %ot upw>ds /ruck ,h>old above 8 "r eye & put x out4 ,9 8 agony he drew ! arr[ 7,plate ,,xvi47 & ?rew x away1 break+ x ) 8 h&s2 & ! pa9 to 8 head 0 s great t he lean$ ^u 8 %ield40 ,/ill ! ,engli% did n yield1 & ,h>old1 ?\gh griev\sly hurt1 ma9ta9$ 8 gr\nd4 ,at l5g? ! device 0 adopt$ :i* put victory into ! h&s ( ! ,normans4 ,h>old1 kn[+ ,william's skill 9 /rategy1 exhort$ 8 troops at ! beg9n+ ( ! fight to keep _! gr\nd1 & n suff] !mselves to be drawn into a pursuit4 ,_h 8 troops be5 well-tra9$ m51 to :om ob$i5ce is a second nature1 t battle _h probably n be5 lo/4 ,_m ( !m h[ev] _h be5 br\ght f ! fields1 & 7 unable to resi/ ! prospect ( inflict+ des]v$ v5geance ^u _! adv]s>ies4 ,h>old's troops 7 ! m likely to fall into ! sn>e laid = !m1 9 consequ5ce ( ! success :i* att5d$1 9 an e>li] "p ( ! day1 ! attack ^u ! pursu+ ,normans 9 ! ,malfosse4 ,william's army fl$ by little & little1 ! ,engli% foll[+ !m4 8,z ! "o fell back1 ! o!r press$ aft]2 & :5 ! ,fr5*m5 retreat$1 ! ,engli% ?\ght & cri$ out t ! m5 ( ,france fl$ & w\ld nev] return4 #8,c[>ds1' said !y1 #8y came hi!r 9 an evil h\r1 want+ our l&s1 & seek+ to seize our prop]ty1 fools t y 7 to come6 ,norm&y is too f> (f1 & y w n easily rea* x 444 y\r sons & daught]s are lo/ to y6' ,! ,normans bore ^! taunts v quietly1 z inde$ !y easily might1 = !y did n "k :at ! ,engli% said40 ,at l5g? ! "t arriv$ = ! assailants to come to a /&4 ,! ,engli% _h brok5 rank2 ! valley1 too1 _h be5 cross$1 & ! ,normans 7 n[ /&+ above ! ,saxons on ! flank ( ! hill on ! top ( :i* !y _h =m$ 9 ! morn+4 ,at ! ^w ( comm&1 ,,dex ,,aie1 ! ,normans halt$1 & turn$ _! faces t[>ds ! enemy4 ,n[ comm5c$ ! fi]ce/ "p ( t bloody day's enc\nt]4 ,nei!r p>ty 0 want+ 9 c\rage4 ,all ! *ronicl]s d ju/ice to ! cont5d+ =ces4 8,"o hits1 ano!r misses2 "o flies1 ano!r pursues2 "o is aim+ a /roke1 :ile ano!r dis*>ges 8 bl[4 ,norman /rives ) ,engli%man aga91 & aims 8 bl[s afre%4 ,"o flies1 ano!r pursues swiftly2 ! combatants are _m1 ! pla9 wide1 ! battle & ! mele fi]ce4 ,on e h& !y fight h>d1 ! bl[s are heavy1 & ! /ruggle becomes fi]ce40 ,z nei!r ! horrors nor ! gallantry exhibit$ on a battle-field c be compreh5d$ by a g5]al description1 x may be well "h to introduce an acc\nt ( "o or two ( ! individual enc\nt]s occurr+ at ?is p]iod1 ) :i* ,wace supplies u4 8,! ,normans 7 play+ _! "p well1 :5 an ,engli% knight came ru%+ up1 hav+ 9 8 company a hundr$ m5 furni%$ ) v>i\s arms4 ,he wield$ a nor!rn hat*et1 ) ! blade a full foot long2 & 0 well arm$ aft] 8 mann]1 be+ tall1 bold1 & ( noble c>riage4 ,9 ! front ( ! battle1 :]e ! ,normans ?rong$ mo/1 he came b\nd+ on swift] ?an a /ag1 _m ,normans fall+ be=e him & 8 company4 ,he ru%$ /raight ^u a ,norman1 :o 0 arm$1 & rid+ on a w>-horse1 & tri$ ) a hat*et ( /eel to cleave 8 helmet2 b ! bl[ misc>ri$1 & ! %>p blade glanc$ d[n be=e ! saddle-b[1 driv+ ?r\gh ! horse's neck d[n to ! gr\nd1 s t bo? horse & ma/] fell toge!r to ! e>?4 ,i "k n :e!r ! ,engli%man /ruck ano!r bl[2 b ! ,normans :o saw ! /roke 7 a/oni%$1 & ab\t to ab&on ! assault1 :5 ,rog] de ,montgom]y came gallop+ up1 ) 8 lance set1 & he$+ n ! long-h&l$ axe :i* ! ,engli%man wield$ al(t1 /ruck him d[n1 & left him /ret*$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,!n ,rog] cri$ out #8,fr5*m51 /rike2 ! day is ours6' ,& aga9 a fi]ce mele 0 to be se51 ) _m a bl[ ( lance & sword2 ! ,engli% /ill def5d+ !mselves1 kill+ ! horses1 & cleav+ ! %ields40 8,!re 0 a ,fr5* soldi] ( noble mi51 :o sat 8 horse gallantly4 ,he spi$ two ,engli%m5 :o 7 also c>ry+ !mselves boldly4 ,!y 7 bo? ( !m m5 ( great wor?1 & _h become companions 9 arms & f\ght toge!r1 ! "o protect+ ! o!r4 ,!y bore two long & broad bills1 & did great mis*ief to ! ,normans1 kill+ bo? horses & m54 ,! ,fr5* soldi] look$ at !m & _! bills1 & 0 sore al>m$2 = he 0 afraid ( los+ 8 good horse1 ! be/ t he _h1 & w\ld will+ly h turn$ to "s o!r qu>t]1 if x w\ld n h look$ l c[>dice4 ,fe>+ ! two bills1 he rais$ 8 %ield by ! #8en>mes1' & /ruck "o ( ! ,engli%m5 ) 8 lance on ! brea/1 s t ! iron pass$ out at ! back4 ,at ! mom5t t he fell1 ! lance broke1 & ! ,fr5*man seiz$ ! mace t hung at 8 "r side1 & /ruck ! o!r ,engli%man a bl[ t completely fractur$ 8 scull40 ,! slaught] at ?is p]iod ( ! day mu/ h be5 fe>ful4 ,! *ronicl] ( ,battle ,abbey says1 8,amid ^! mis]ies !re 0 exhibit$ a fe>ful spectacle3 ! fields 7 cov]$ ) dead bodies1 & on e h& no?+ 0 to be se5 b ! r$ hue ( blood4 ,! dales ar\nd s5t =? a gory /ream1 :i* increas$ at a di/ance to ! size ( a riv]6 ,h[ great ?9k y mu/ h be5 ! slaught] ( ! conqu]$1 :5 ! conqu]ors' is report$1 ^u ! l[e/ computation1 to h exce$$ t5 ?\s&8 ,oh h[ va/ a flood ( human gore 0 p\r$ out 9 t place :]e ^! un=tunates fell & 7 sla96 ,:at a da%+ to pieces ( arms1 :at a cla%+ ( /rokes2 :at %rieks ( dy+ m52 :at grief2 :at sighs 7 he>d6 ,h[ _m groans2 h[ _m bitt] notes ( dire/ calamity !n s\nd$ =?1 :o c rightly calculate6 ,:at a wret*$ exhibition ( human mis]y 0 !re to call =? a/oni%m5t6 ,9 ! v contemplation ( x our he>t fails u40#ajb ,not)/&+ ! horrors ( ! sc5e1 & ! hopelessness ( _! ef=ts1 ! c\rage ( ! ,saxons fail$ n2 sometimes flee+1 & sometimes mak+ a /&1 !y slaught]$ _! pursu]s 9 heaps4 ,! place :]e ?is havoc took place is probably ! s\!rn front ( ! em95ce on :i* ,battle ,abbey 0 aft]w>ds plac$4 ,! :ole site ( ! conte/ has sometimes be5 d5om9at$ 8,sanguelac10 or ! 8,lake ( ,blood10 b ?is designation prop]ly belongs to t "p 9 :i* ! /reet ( ! mod]n t[n ( ,battle call$ 8! ,lake0 is situat$4 ,until a v rec5t p]iod ?is place 0 suppos$ /ill occasionally to reek ) human gore4 8,!reab\t10 says ,drayton1 8is a place :i* aft] ra9 always looks r$1 :i* "s h attribut$ to a v bloody sweat ( ! e>?1 z cry+ to heav5 = rev5ge = s great a slaught]40 8 444 ,a/5 once di/a9$ ) native ,engli% blood2 ,^: soil1 :5 wet ) any little ra91 ,do? blu%1 z put 9 m9d ( ^? !re sadly sla940 ,! tru? is 8! r$ness ( ! wat] "h1 & at _m o!r places 9 ! neighb\rhood1 is caus$ by ! oxydation ( ! iron :i* ab\nds 9 ! soil ( ! ,weald ( ,sussex40#ajc ,to return to ! battle1 8,l\d 0 n[ ! clam\r1 & great ! slaught]2 _m a s\l !n quitt$ ! body :i* x inhabit$4 ,! liv+ m>*$ ov] ! heaps ( dead1 & ea* side 0 we>y ( /rik+4 ,he *>g$ on :o c\ld1 & he :o c\ld no long] /rike /ill pu%$ =w>d4 ,! /rong /ruggl$ ) ! /rong2 "s fail$1 o!rs triumph$2 ! c[>ds fell back1 ! brave press$ on2 & sad 0 8 fate :o fell 9 ! mid/1 = he _h little *ance ( ris+ aga92 & _m 9 tru? fell :o nev] rose at all1 be+ cru%$ "u ! ?rong4 ,& n[ ! ,normans press$ on s f> t at la/ !y rea*$ ! ,engli% /&>d40 ,! ,tape/ry repres5ts ! eag] advance ( a body ( horsem54 ,! comp>tm5t is inscrib$1 ,,hic ,,franci ,,pugnant ,,et ,,cecid]unt ,,qui ,,erant ,,cum ,,h>oldo--,"h ! ,fr5* are fight+1 & h sla9 ! m5 :o 7 ) ,h>old4 8,!re ,h>old _h rema9$1 def5d+ himself to ! utmo/2 b he 0 sorely w\nd$ 9 ! eye by ! arr[1 & suff]$ griev\s pa9 by ! bl[4 ,an arm$ man came 9 ! ?rong ( ! battle1 & /ruck him on ! v5taille ( 8 helmet & beat him to ! gr\nd2 & z he s\ght to recov] himself1 a knight beat him d[n aga91 /rik+ him on ! ?ick ( 8 ?igh1 d[n to ! bone40 ,?is is %[n 9 ! ,tape/ry 7,plate ,,xvi47 ,h>old fir/ ( all appe>s /&+ by 8 /&>d1 cont5d+ ) a horseman :o is mak+ a ru% at him2 !n he is %[n pull+ ! arr[ out ( 8 eye2 & la/ly he is se51 fall+-- 8,) 8 back to ! field1 & 8 feet to ! foe10 --8 battle axe has dropp$ f 8 n]veless grasp1 & a ,norman1 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4 /oop+ f 8 horse1 inflicts a w\nd ^u 8 ?igh4 ,! gr\p is sup]scrib$1 ,,hic ,,h>old ,,rex ,,int]fectus ,,e/--,"h ,h>old ! ,k+ is sla94#ajd 8,! ,engli% 7 9 great tr\ble at hav+ lo/ _! ,k+1 & at ! ,duke's hav+ conqu]$ & beat d[n ! /&>d2 b !y /ill f\ght on1 & def5d$ !mselves long1 & 9 fact till ! day drew to a close4 ,!n x cle>ly appe>$ to all t ! /&>d 0 lo/1 & ! news _h spread ?r\gh\t ! army t ,h>old = c]ta9 0 dead2 & all saw n[ t !re 0 no long] any hope1 s !y left ! field & ^? fl$ :o c\ld40 ,+ulph tells u t all ! nobles t 7 9 ,h>old's army 7 sla92#aje we are h5ce l$ to inf] t x 0 ! untra9$ peasantry only :o betook !mselves to flight4 ,! ,tape/ry is 9 consi/5cy ) ?is4 ,! la/ comp>tm5t repres5ts a gr\p ( m5 unprotect$ by body arm\r1 & suppli$ only ) a mace or club1 retreat+ be=e a p>ty ( fully equipp$ horsem54 ,! inscription is1 ,,et ,,fuga ,,v]t]unt ,,angli--,& ! ,engli% betake !mselves to flight4 ,happily ! exact spot on :i* ! f9al /ruggle ( ! day took place is cle>ly asc]ta9$4 ,! writ] ( ! ,battle ,abbey ,*ronicle tells u1 t ! ,k+ hav+ resolv$ to commemorate 8 victory by ! erection ( a ,*ri/ian temple1 ! high alt> 0 plac$ ^u ! precise spot :]e ! /&>d 0 obs]v$ to fall4#ajf ,long aft] all traces ( ! ,abbey ,*ur* _h be5 oblit]at$1 ! f+] ( tradition fai?fully po9t$ to ! spot s int]e/+ to all ,engli%m54 ,9 ! ye> #ahag1 ! proprietor ( ! soil1 anxi\s to te/ ! tru? ( ! popul> belief1 made ! necess>y excavations1 & 9 ! v place indicat$1 at ! dep? ( sev]al feet bel[ ! surface1 f\nd ! rema9s ( an alt> 9 ! ea/]nmo/ recess ( ! crypt ( ! *ur*4#ajg ,william on t day f\ght well--z well he might1 = he _h engag$ 9 a desp]ate v5ture--8_m a bl[ did he give1 & _m receive1 & _m fell dead "u 8 h&40 ,two horses 7 kill$ "u him4 ,aft] ! ,engli% _h be5 ext]m9at$1 or _h =sak5 ! field1 ! ,duke return$ ?anks to ,god1 & ord]$ 8 gonfanon to be erect$ :]e ,h>old's /&>d _h /ood4 ,"h1 too1 he rais$ 8 t5t4 ,amid/ ! dy+ & ! dead he p>took ( 8 ev5+ meal & pass$ ! night4 ,! next morn+ :i* dawn$ ^u t sad battle field 0 ! ,sabba?4 ,on t fir/ day ( ! week no heav5ly *oir sang ( peace on e>? & good w t[>d m54 ,! human family 0 exhibit$ 9 its mo/ pa9ful aspect1 8hateful & hat+ "o ano!r0--t field b rec5tly cov]$ ov] ) ! gold5 %eaves ( h>ve/1 n[ bore ^u its surface ! gory fruits ( man's ambition4 8,:5 ,william call$ ov] ! mu/]-roll1 :i* he _h prep>$ be=e he left ! opposite coa/1 _m a knight1 :o on ! day :5 he sail$1 _h pr\dly answ]$ to 8 "n1 0 !n numb]$ ) ! dead4 ,! l& :i* he _h done homage = 0 useless to him n[40#ajh ,he _h come to w9 l>ge doma9s & b>onial hon\rs--six feet ( common e>? 0 all he got4 8,! ,conqu]or _h lo/ m ?an "o-f\r? ( 8 army40#aji ,bo? p>ties sp5t ! day 9 bury+ ! dead4 8,! noble ladies ( ! l& also came1 "s to seek _! husb&s1 & o!rs _! fa!rs1 sons1 or bro!rs40 ,! acc\nt giv5 by ,ord]icus ( ! disposal ( ,h>old's body is ! foll[+3 8,h>old c\ld n be discov]$ by 8 features1 b 0 recogniz$ by o!r tok5s1 & 8 corpse be+ borne to ! ,duke's camp1 01 by ord] ( ! ,conqu]or1 deliv]$ to ,william ,mallet = int]m5t ne> ! sea-%ore1 :i* _h long be5 gu>d$ by 8 arms40#aaj ,william ( ,poicti]s gives a simil> /atem5t4 ,lat] writ]s say t 8 body 0 int]r$ ) regal hon\rs 9 ,wal?am ,abbey4 ,?is tradition1 :i* probably _h its orig9 9 ! wi% ( ! monks to attract visitors to ! %r9e at ,wal?am1 _c be ent]ta9$1 9 opposition to ! express /atem5ts ( contempor>ies4 ,"s v5ture1 too1 to ass]t t1 ?\gh sorely w\nd$ at ,ha/+s1 he 0 n kill$1 & t1 on escap+ f ! field1 he fir/ fl$ to ! cont95t1 & aft]w>ds l$ ! life ( a recluse at ,*e/]4 ,?is is a /atem5t :i* may at once be reject$4 ,! difficulty 9 discov]+ ! body to :i* ,ord]icus ref]s 01 x is g5]ally believ$1 ov]come by ,edi?1 surnam$1 f h] beauty1 ! ,fair4 ,! ke5 eye ( affection disc]n$ 8 mangl$ =m amid/ heaps ( dead1 :i* appe>$ to common obs]v]s an undi/+ui%able mass4 ,:at w n woman's love accompli%6 ,_m writ]s h done great di%on\r to ?is lady by /at+ t %e 0 ! mi/ress ( ,h>old4 ,sir ,h5ry ,ellis1 9 8 ,introduction to ,domesday ,book1 has prov$ t %e 0 8 ,que52 8,aldi?1 ,algiva or ,eddeva1 be+ names :i* are all synonym\s40 ,unhappy ,elfgyva1 h[ diff]5t h] feel+s n[ f :at !y 7 :5 ! cl]k ann\nc$ to h]1 9 8 own famili> way1 ! rescue ( ,h>old f ! capture ( ,guy6 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,sequel4 8,f seem+ evil /ill educ+ good40 ,?omson4 ,! ,saxons lo/ ! battle ( ,ha/+s4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 !y left no blot on _! "n4 ,! old hi/orian ,daniel ju/ly1 z well z =cibly1 rem>ks1 8,?us 0 tri$1 by ! great assize ( ,god's judgm5t 9 battle1 ! "r ( p[] betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,norman nations2 a battle ! mo/ memorable ( all o!rs2 &1 h[ev] mis]ably lo/1 yet mo/ nobly f\ght on ! "p ( ,engl&40 ,! dea? ( ,h>old1 & ! abs5ce ( any o!r competitor1 op5$ ! way = ,william to ! ?rone4 ,pres5t+ himself to ! nobles ( ! l&1 assembl$ 9 ,london1 he 0 9 due =m elect$ to ! vacant ?rone1 & 0 cr[n$ by ,aldr$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 on ,mid-w9t]'s day4 ,william nev] claim$ ! ,engli% cr[n by "r ( conque/4 ,8 qu>rel 0 ) ,h>old1 n ) ! ,engli% p1 & he d5\nc$ him z int]f]+ ) 8 j claims4 ,! ,saxon ,*ronicle expressly ass]ts t 8,be=e ! ,ar*bi%op w\ld set ! cr[n ^u 8 head1 he requir$ ( him a pl$ge ^u ,*ri/'s book1 & also swore him1 t he w\ld gov]n ?is nation z well z any k+ be=e him _h at ! be/ done1 if !y w\ld be fai?ful to him40 ,he nev] claim$ to be ! ,conqu]or ( ,engl& 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! ^w4 ,9 8 fir/ *>t] to ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 he f\nds 8 "r to ! cr[n ^u ! grant ( 8 relative ,edw>d ! ,confessor4 ,! ,domesday ,book 0 n compil$ until ne> ! close ( ,william's reign 7ab\t ! ye> #ajhf71 yet 9 x he is n spok5 ( z a conqu]or4 8,?r\gh\t ! ,survey10 says ,sir ,h5ry ,ellis1 8,h>old is con/antly spok5 ( z ! usurp] ( ! realm3 #8qu&o regnum invasit4' ,once only is x said #8qu&o regnabat4' ,( ,william x is z con/antly said1 #8po/quam v5it 9 ,angliam1' aft] he came to ,engl&4 ,once only does ! expression occur1 #8,w4 rex conquisivit ,angliam1' :5 he conqu]$ or acquir$ ,engl&40#aaa ,b :atev] 7 ,william's rights & orig9al int5tions1 x 0 impossible t he c\ld long reign ov] ,engl& z a con/itutional mon>*4 ,x 0 n likely t ! great *iefs :o surviv$ ! battle ( ,ha/+s w\ld long submit to ! rule ( a /rang]--ho/s ( =eign]s w\ld necess>ily be introduc$ into ! c\rt1 & ?is1 z 9 ! reign ( ! ,confessor1 w\ld be a cont9ual s\rce ( he>tburn+ & jeal\sy--&1 above all1 ! foll[]s ( ! ,k+ 7 to be rew>d$1 & ?is c\ld only be done by depriv+ ! ,saxon noblem5 ( _! patrimonies4 ,:5 ,william won ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 he bid f>ewell to peace = ev]4 ,8 subsequ5t hi/ory 0 a cont9u$ s]ies ( entanglem5ts & broils4 ,"o *iefta9 aft] ano!r1 "o di/rict & !n ano!r1 became re/less "u 8 rule2 ea* he cru%$ 9 succession4 ,at l5g? he became 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w ! ,conqu]or4 ,he rul$ by ! sword alone4 ,8 own ,norman b>ons1 & ev5 8 bro!r ,odo1 felt ! weight ( 8 iron h&2 b x fell ) peculi> =ce ^u 8 native-born subjects4 ,! writ] 9 ! ,saxon ,*ronicle1 speak+ f 8 own k1 says ( ,william1 8,he 0 a v wise & a great man1 & m hon\r$ & m p[]ful ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,he 0 mild to ^? good m5 :o lov$ ,god1 b sev]e beyond measure t[>ds ^? :o )/ood 8 w4444 ,he 0 a v /]n & wra?ful man1 s t none dur/ d any?+ aga9/ 8 w1 & he kept 9 prison ^? e>ls :o act$ aga9/ 8 pleasure4444 ,truly !re 0 mu* tr\ble 9 ^! times1 & v great di/ress2 he caus$ ca/les to be built1 & oppress$ ! poor4444 ,he made l>ge =e/s = ! de]1 & enact$ laws !re)1 s t :oev] kill$ a h>t or a h9d %\ld be bl9d$4 ,he lov$ ! tall /ags z if he _h be5 _! fa!r4 ,! ri* compla9$ & ! poor murmur$1 b he 0 s /urdy t he reck$ n\ght ( !m2 !y mu/ w all t ! k+ will$1 if !y w\ld live2 or w\ld keep _! l&s2 or w\ld hold _! possessions2 or w\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 _! rights4 ,alas6 t any man %\ld s exalt himself1 & c>ry himself 9 8 pride ov] all60#aab ,+ulph speaks ( ! entire subjugation ( ! ,engli% p1 & ( _! sy/ematic exclusion f (fices ( hon\r4 8,_m ( ! *ief m5 ( ! l&1 = "s "t1 (f]$ resi/ance to ,william1 ! new k+1 b1 be+ aft]w>ds cru%$ by 8 might & ov]come1 !y at la/ submitt$ to ! sway ( ! ,normans4444 ,s invet]ately did ! ,normans at ?is p]iod dete/ ! ,engli%1 t1 :atev] ! am\nt ( _! m]its might be1 !y 7 exclud$ f all dignities2 & =eign]s :o 7 f> less fitt$1 be !y ( any o!r nation :atev] "u heav51 w\ld h be5 gladly *os5 in/ead ( !m40#aac ,h5ry ( ,hunt+don uses language :i* ! ,engli% ( ! pres5t day1 accu/om$ z !y are to re> _! heads pr\dly among ! nations1 c h>dly und]/&4 8,9 ! tw5ty-fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,k+ ,william1 :5 ! ,normans _h accompli%$ ! righte\s w ( ,god on ! ,engli% ,nation1 & !re 0 n[ no pr9ce ( ! anci5t regal race liv+ 9 ,engl&1 & all ! ,engli% 7 br\ght to a reluctant submission1 s t x 0 a disgrace ev5 to be call$ an ,engli%man1 ! in/rum5t ( ,provid5ce 9 fulfill+ its designs 0 remov$ f ! _w40#aad 8,_m ( ! p10 z ,hol9%$ tells u1 8utt]ly refus+ su* an intol]able yoke ( ?raldom z 0 daily laid ^u !m1 *ose r to leave all1 bo? goods & l&s1 & aft] ! mann] ( outlaws1 got !m to ! woods ) _! wives1 *ildr51 & s]vants1 mean+ f h5ce=? to live ^u ! spoils ( ! c\ntry adjo9+1 & to take :atsoev] came next to h&40 ,not)/&+ ! heavy pressure ( ^! evils good ensu$4 ,! political tempe/ result$ 9 ! increas$ purity1 heal?1 & peace1 ( ! national atmosph]e4 ,william e/abli%$ a /rong gov]nm5t4 ,_h ,h>old be5 unoppos$ f )\t1 he w\ld h _h rivals f )9 ! nation4 ,! opposition ( 8 own bro!r ,to/ig 0 b a prelude ( :at ! g5]al result ( 8 reign w\ld h be54 ,ambiti\s m51 su* z ,edw9 & ,morc>1 ! ,e>ls ( ,m]cia & ,nor?umbria1 w\ld on ! lea/ provocation h esp\s$ ! cause ( ,edg> ,a!l+1 & by r5d]+ ! l& a sc5e ( int]nal discord1 h made x an easy prey to new b&s ( adv5tur]s f ,d5m>k1 ,norway1 ,fl&]s1 & ,france4 ,william1 by ! vig\r1 & ev5 h>%ness ( 8 rule1 quell$ int]nal diss5sion1 & bid defiance to =eign rivalry4 ,! ,norman invasion ha/5$ & p]fect$ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! feudal sy/em 9 ,engl&4 ,?is sy/em _h "o great defect1 :i* r5d]s x unfit = ! pres5t condition ( ,engl&--x altoge!r ov]look$ ! claims ( ! l[] classes1 :o always =m ! great bulk ( ! population2 /ill1 x produc$ mo/ b5eficial results 9 ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies4 ,x br\ght all ! great b>ons ( ! empire into subjection to ! sov]eign1 & by def9+ ! correspond+ duties ( ! mesne lords & inf]ior t5ants1 knit ! :ole k+dom into "o4 ,by ?is unity ! realm 0 prep>$ to put d[n inte/9e broils1 & to resi/ =eign aggression4 ,a way too 0 prep>$ = ! elevation ( ! l[] classes4 ,! sy/em _h b to be ext5d$ 9 ord] to def9e ! duties1 & to conf] correspond+ privileges1 ^u e memb] ( ! community4 ,le>n+ & civilization 7 greatly advanc$ by ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,italy at ?is "t 0 ! focus ( ! k & ref9em5t ( ! _w4 ,! light k9dl$ by ! g5ius ( ,attica1 & nurtur$ by ! philosophy & poetry ( ! ,augu/an era1 /ill irradiat$ ! sev5-hill$ city4 ,brita91 sev]$ f ! ma9-l& by a /ormy *annel1 _h less int]c\rse ) ,rome ?an ! nations ( ! cont95t4 ,?\gh ,william ( ,malmesbury may h some:at ov]drawn ! /atem5t1 /ill !re is mu* tru? 9 ! picture :i* he gives ( ! social condition ( ! ,saxons at ! "t ( ! ,conque/4 8,9 process ( "t ! desire aft] lit]ature & religion _h decay$1 = sev]al ye>s be=e ! arrival ( ! ,normans4 ,! cl]gy1 cont5t$ ) a v slight degree ( le>n+1 c\ld sc>cely /amm] out ! words ( ! sacram5ts2 & a p]son :o und]/ood gramm> 0 an object ( wond] & a/oni%m5t4 ,! nobility 7 giv5 up to luxury & wantonness4 ,! commonalty1 left unprotect$1 became a prey to ! mo/ p[]ful1 :o amass$ =tunes1 by ei!r seiz+ on _! prop]ty1 or by sell+ _! p]sons into =eign c\ntries2 al?\gh x be an innate quality ( ?is p to be m incl9$ to revell+1 ?an to ! accumulation ( weal?4 ,dr9k+ 0 a univ]sal practice1 9 :i* !y pass$ entire nights z well z days4 ,!y consum$ _! :ole sub/ance 9 mean & despicable h\ses2 unlike ,normans & ,fr5*1 :o1 9 noble & spl5did mansions1 liv$ ) frugality40#aae ,!re _c be a d\bt t by ! introduction ( ! ref9em5ts ( life ! condition ( ! p 0 improv$1 & t a *eck 0 giv5 to ! gross] s5sualities ( our nature4 ,c]ta9 x is t le>n+ receiv$ a p[]ful /imulus by ! conque/4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! ,norman invasion1 a great intellectual movem5t _h comm5c$ 9 ! s*ools on ! cont95t4 ,norm&y _h beyond mo/ o!r p>ts pr(it$ by x4 ,william br\ght ) him to ,engl& "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ornam5ts ( ! s*ools ( 8 native du*y2 ! consequ5ce ( ?is 0 t ,engl& h5ce=w>d took a high] walk 9 lit]ature ?an %e _h ev] done be=e4#aaf ,ano!r important advantage result+ f ! ,conque/ 0 ! emancipation ( ! l[] classes4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! invasion ! great bulk ( ! population 7 9 a s]vile condition4 ,"o class ( ! p1 ! *urls1 7 atta*$ to ! l&1 & 7 transf]r$ ) x f "o ma/] to ano!r )\t ! p[] ( *oos+ _! employ]1 or tak+ any /eps to improve _! condition--ano!r l>ge class1 ! !ws1 7 ! absolute prop]ty ( _! own]s4 ,! attempts :i* ,alfr$ & "s ( ! cl]gy made to rem$y ?is gigantic evil 7 att5d$ ) b p>tial success4 ,! ,conque/ gave x its dea? bl[4 ,! convulsions :i* ensu$ af=d$ great numb]s ! wi%$-= opportunity ( escap+ f ?raldom4 ,_m ( ! l&[n]s1 see+ ! %ipwreck ( _! =tunes inevitable1 made a virtue ( necessity1 & manumitt$ _! s]fs4 ,"o ( ,william's regulations _h a t5d5cy quietly to complete :at 0 ?us auspici\sly begun4 ,he pass$ a law decl>+ t e slave :o _h resid$ un*all5g$ a ye> & a day 9 any city or wall$ t[n 9 ! k+dom1 %\ld be free = ev]4#aag ,?is law became a door ( hope to _m1 & 9 due "t n "o slave 0 left 9 ,engl&4 ,x _h ano!r v b5eficial effect4 ,m5 7 l$ to congregate 9 t[ns2 k 0 promot$2 a /imulus 0 giv5 to ! cultivation ( ! ref9em5ts ( social life2 & ! common]s1 /rong 9 _! numb]s1 7 induc$ to ass]t & ma9ta9 _! common rights4 ,ev5 ! despotic measures ( ! k+ _h a b5eficial influ5ce ^u ! l[] grades ( society4 ,! ?anes & ald]m5 ( ! ,confessor's days be+ depriv$ ( _! l&s1 7 glad to hold a small portion ( !m z ! inf]ior t5ants ( ! great ,norman b>ons4 ,h5ce sprung ! yeomanry ( ,engl&1 :o1 9 days ( difficulty & dang]1 h (t5 prov$ !mselves ! ma9/ay ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,saxon noblem51 9 desc5d+ f _! high e/ate1 br\ght ) !m _! indep5d5ce ( feel+ & high _s4 ,!y 7 *a/5$ b n cru%$4 ,!y n only ma9ta9$ _! own fre$om ( ?\ght1 b infus$ a portion ( _! en]gy into ! newly emancipat$ class bel[ !m4 ,=m]ly ! diff]5ce 9 social position betwe5 ! l&$ proprietor & ! till] ( ! soil 0 s great1 t !re c\ld be little fri5dly int]c\rse betwe5 !m1 & no unity ( int]e/2 b n[1 by ! =mation ( a middle class1 ! two extremes ( society 7 l9k$ toge!r1 & all classes plac$ 9 a position to b5efit ! re/1 z well z to be b5efit$ by !m4 ,! hope ( ris+ 9 ! social scale n[ dawn$ ^u ! l[] ord]s4 ,ano!r signal b5efit result$ f ! ,conque/4 ,x br\ght to our ,engli% soil a ho/ ( m5 r5[n$ 9 _! own p]sons & ^? ( _! desc5dants = all t is great 9 art & arms1 = all t is noble 9 knightly ent]prise & *ivalric feel+4 ,/rike out f ! page ( hi/ory ! de$s ( ! ,mont=ds1 ! ,m>mions1 ! ,w>r5s1 ! ,nevilles1 ! ,p]cys1 ! ,beau*amps1 ! ,bruces1 ! ,balliols1 ! ,talbots1 ! ,clif=ds1 & a ho/ ( o!rs :o f\ght ) ,william at ,ha/+s1 or foll[$ 9 8 wake1 :at a blank w\ld be left4 ,true1 !y 7 n always f\nd cont5d+ on ! side ( lib]ty & tru?2 b1 on ! :ole1 !y contribut$ to ! developem5t ( ,engl&'s lib]ties & enlight5m5t & p[]1 & left an example ( indomitable en]gy & manly be>+ :i* mank9d to ! late/ ages w d well to copy4 ,"o o!r view ( ! subject we mu/ take4 ,engl& requir$ *a/isem5t1 b %all ! oppressor on t acc\nt g free8 ,! *ronicl]s mo/ fav\rable to ,william d n conceal ! h>%ness & covet\sness :i* disfigur$ ! latt] "p ( 8 reign4 ,!y tell u1 too1 ( ! evils :i* afflict$ 8 age1 & pursu$ him beyond ! tomb4 ,8 elde/ son rose 9 rebellion aga9/ him4 ,_m ( 8 own nobles jo9$ ! undutiful y\?2 ev5 8 belov$ wife ,matilda fav\r$ him4 ,9 ! ,new ,=e/1 :i* he _h wrongfully appropriat$ to 8 own pleasures1 8 son ,ri*>d 0 sla91 dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,8 son ,william1 :o succe$$ him1 came to a viol5t end 9 ! same place4 ,a gr&son also is said to h p]i%$ 9 x4 ,:il/ ravag+ ,mantes1 9 rev5ge = an idle je/1 he met ) 8 own dea? /roke4 ,no soon] _h he ceas$ to brea! ?an 8 lifeless body 0 =sak5 by 8 family & dome/ics4 ,:5 all t rema9$ ( ! once pot5t ,william 0 ab\t to be committ$ to ! tomb1 ! man f :om he _h wre/$ ! site =bade 8 burial2 "s ( ! by/&]s #8( _! *>ity' satisfi$ ! claim1 & ! ,conqu]or 0 laid 9 an eleemosyn>y grave4 ,at a subsequ5t p]iod t grave 0 violat$1 & 8 bones disp]s$4 ,8 foll[]s1 b5t ^u enri*+ !mselves at ! exp5se ( ju/ice1 did n escape4 ,_m ( !m rose 9 rebellion1 & 7 cru%$4 ,o!rs suff]$ 9 ! tr\bles :i* ensu$ ^u 8 dea?4 ,9 ! /ruggle betwe5 ,/eph5 & ,matilda1 dreadful 0 ! havoc committ$ ^u ! foll[]s ( ,william & _! *ildr54 ,dur+ ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 ne>ly all ! great families f\nd$ at ! ,conque/ suff]$ calamities diff]+ little 9 k9d or degree f ^? :i* ! victors ( ,ha/+s inflict$ ^u ! old nobility ( ! l&4 ,hi/ory gives emphasis to ! div9e injunction1 8,fret n ?yself because ( evil do]s1 nei!r be ?\ envi\s aga9/ ! work]s ( iniquity3 = !y %all soon be cut d[n l ! grass1 & )] z ! gre5 h]b40 ,,app5dix4 ,,note ,a4--,page #d4 ,! au?ority = ! odd /ory ( ! ,duke ( ,norm&y's c\rt%ip is ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,t\rs1 quot$ 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,metropolitana1 ,vol4 xi41 p4 #ebg1 n4 8,tunc ,guillelmus1 ,dux ,normanni1 ,ma?ildam1 filiam ,baldu9i ,comitis ,fl&ri duxit 9 uxorem 9 hunc modum4 ,cum ipsa a ,patre suo de sponso recipi5do spius rog>etur1 eique ,guillelmus ,normannicus a ,patro1 qui eum longo tempore nutri]at1 pr aliis laud>etur1 respondit1 nunquam ,no?um recip]e se m>itum4 ,quo audito1 ,guillelmus ,dux elam apud ,brugis1 ubi puella morabatur1 cum paucis accel]at1 eamque1 regr$i5tem ab ,ecclesi pugnis1 calcibus1 atque calc>ibus v]b]et atque ca/igat1 sicque asc5so equo 9 patriam remeat4 ,quo facto1 puella dol5s ad lectum decubat2 ad quam ,pat] v5i5s illam de sponso recipi5do int]rogat et requirit2 qu respond5s dixit se nunquam hab]e m>itum nisi ,guillel9um ,ducem ,normanai2 quod et factum e/40 ,,note ,b4--,page #e4 ,z ! foll[+ lett] ( ,m4 ,?i]ry's is less accessible to ! ,engli% read] ?an mo/ ( ! docum5ts connect$ ) ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry x is "h giv5 9 full4 ,x is address$ to ,m4 de la ,font5elle de ,v&or3-- 8,,monsieur1--,p>donnez-moi de rpondre bi5 t>d une dem&e qui1 v5ant de v\s1 m'honore inf9im5t4 ,v\s dsirez savoir ce que je p5se des ,re*]*es et conjectures de ,m4 ,bolton ,corney sur la tapiss]ie de ,bayeux2 je vais v\s le dire1 en aussi peu de mots et aussi nettem5t que je le p\rrai4 ,l'op9ion s\t5ue p> ,m4 ,bolton ,corney compr5d deux ?ses pr9cipales3 #a que la tapiss]ie de ,bayeux n'e/ pas un don de la re9e ,ma?ilde1 ni mme un don fait au *apitre de cette ville p> un autre p]sonne2 qu'elle a t fabriqu p\r l'glise ca?drale de ,bayeux1 sur l'ordre et aux frais du *apitre2 #b que ce vnrable monum5t n'e/ pas contempora9 de la conqute de l',anglet]re p> les ,norm&s1 mais qu'il date du temps o la ,norm&ie se tr\vait runie la ,france4 ,de ces deux ?ses1 la premire me semble vraie de t\te vid5ce1 la seconde e/ inadmissible4 8,la tradition qui attribuait la re9e ,ma?ilde la pice de tapiss]ie cons]ve ,bayeux1 tradition1 du re/e1 assez rc5te1 et que l'abb de ,la ,rue a rfute1 n'e/ plus s\t5ue p> p]sonne4 ,quant la seconde "q1 celle de savoir si cette tapiss]ie fut ou non un prs5t fait l'glise de ,bayeux1 ,m4 ,bolton ,corney la rs\t ngativem5t1 et d'une faon qui me semble premptoire4 ,au sil5ce des anci5s inv5taires de l'glise il jo9t des preuves tires du monum5t lui-mme1 et dmontre avec vid5ce que ses dtails port5t une empre9te trs-m>que de localit1 que la conqute de l',anglet]re p> les ,norm&s y a t considre en quelque sorte au po9t de vue de la ville et de l'glise de ,bayeux4 ,un seul vque y figure1 et c'e/ celui de ,bayeux1 trs-s\v5t en scne et quelquefois dsign p> son seul titre3 episcopus4 ,de plus1 p>mi les p]sonnages laques qui figur5t ct du duc ,guillaume1 pas un ne porte un nom hi/orique4 ,les noms qui revi5n5t sans cesse sont ceux de ,turold1 ,wad>d et ,vital1 probablem5t connus et *ris ,bayeux1 c> les deux d]ni]s1 ,wad>d et ,vital1 sont inscrits sur le ,domesday-,book1 au nombre des feudataires de l'glise de ,bayeux1 dans les comts de ,k5t1 d',ox=d1 et de ,l9coln4 ,si l'on jo9t ces raisons celles que ,m4 ,bolton ,corney dduit de la =me et de l'usage p>ticuli]s du monum5t1 il e/ impossible de ne pas croire avec lui que la tapiss]ie fut comm&e p> le *apitre de ,bayeux et excute p\r lui4 8,je passe la seconde proposition1 savoir que la tapiss]ie de ,bayeux fut excute aprs la runion de la ,norm&ie la ,france4 ,cette hypo?se n'exige pas une longue rfutation1 c> l'auteur du mmoire la fonde sur une seule preuve1 l'emploi du mot ,franci p\r dsign] l'arme norm&e4 #8,guillaume de ,poiti]s1 dit-il1 appelle ceux qui faisai5t p>tie de l'arme ,normanni1 des ,norm&s2 la tapiss]ie les nomme t\j\rs ,franci1 des ,franais4 ,je considre cela comme une bvue indicative du temps o le monum5t a t excute4' ,il n'y a l aucune bvue1 ni ri5 qui puisse faire prsum] que la tapiss]ie de ,bayeux n'e/ pas contempora9e de la conqute de l',anglet]re p> les ,norm&s4 ,en effet1 les ,anglo-,saxons avai5t c\tume de dsign] p> le nom de ,franais 7,fr5can1 ,fr5cisce m57 t\s les habitants de la ,gaule1 sans di/9ction de prov9ce ou d'orig9e4 ,la ,*ronique saxonne1 dans les mille endroits o elle p>le des *efs et des soldats de l'arme norm&e1 les appelle ,franais4 ,ce nom s]vait en ,anglet]re di/+u] les conqurants de la population indigne1 non-seulem5t dans le langage usuel1 mais encore dans celui des acts lgaux4 ,on lit dans les lois de ,guillaume-le-,conqurant1 l'article du meurtre1 ces mots3 ,ki ,franceis occi/1 et1 dans la v]sion lat9e de ces lois3 ,si ,francig5a int]fectus fu]it4 ,l'emploi du mot ,franci au lieu de ,normanni1 ne pr\ve donc po9t que la tapiss]ie de ,bayeux date d'un temps po/]ieur la conqute4 ,s'il pr\ve quelque *ose1 c'e/ que la tapiss]ie a t excute non en ,norm&ie1 mais en ,anglet]re1 et que c'e/ des ouvri]s ou ouvrires de ce d]ni] pays que le *apitre de ,bayeux a fait sa comm&e4 8,cette op9ion1 que je s\mets au jugem5t des ar*ologues1 e/ confirme d'ailleurs p> l'or?ographe de c]ta9s mots et p> l'emploi de c]ta9es lettres dans les lg5des du monum5t4 ,on y tr\ve1 jusque dans le nom du duc ,guilluame et dans celui de la ville de ,bayeux1 des traces de prononciation anglo-saxonne3 ,hic ,wido adduxit ,h>oldum ad ,wilgelmum normannorum ducem2 ,willem v5it ,bagias2 c'e/ le g saxon qui figure ici avec sa consonance hi4 ,wilgelm p\r ,wilielm1 ,bagias p\r ,bayeux4 ,la dip?ongue ea1 l'une des p>ticul>its de l'or?ographe anglo-saxon1 se r5contre dans les lg5des qui (fr5t le nom du roi ,edw>d3 ,hic portatur corpus ,,eadw>di4 ,une autre lg5de prs5te cette indication de lieu1 correctem5t saxonne3 ,ut fod]etur ca/ellum at ,,he/5ca ,,ca/ra4 ,enf9 le nom de ,gur? 7prononcez ,gheur?71 frre du roi ,h>old1 e/ or?ographi avec trois lettres saxonnes2 le g1 ayant le son de gh l'y1 ayant le son d'eu1 et le d b>r1 exprimant l'une des deux consonnances que les ,anglais figur5t auj\rd'hui p> ?4 8,a9si1 je crois1 avec la majorit des savants qui ont crit sur la tapiss]ie de ,bayeux1 que cette tapiss]ie e/ contempora9e du gr& vnem5t qu'elle reprs5te2 je p5se1 avec ,m4 ,bolton ,corney1 qu'elle a t excute sur l'ordre et aux frais du *apitre de ,bayeux2 j'aj\te1 p\r ma "p de conjectures1 qu'elle fut ouvre en ,anglet]re et p> des ma9s anglaises1 d'aprs un plan v5u de ,bayeux4 8,agrez1 ,monsieur1 l'assurance de ma considration la plus di/+ue4 8,,aug4 ,,?i]ry4 8,le #be ju9 #ahdc40 ,,note ,c4--,page #be4 ,9 ! ,nor?umb]l& ,pipe ,rolls1#aah we h an int]e/+ trace ( ,edg> ,a!l+4--,he _h be5 ow+ ! cr[n #bj m>ks ( silv]1 probably = ! "r to in/itute "s law proce$+4 ,( ?is sum he paid #aj m>ks to ! ,%]iff ( ,nor?umb]l& 9 #aaeg or #aaeh1 & ! rema9d] 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,t5 ye>s lat] he paid #b m>ks to ! cr[n = ! "r to br+ "s plea4 ,at ?is "t he mu/ h be5 ab\t #abj ye>s ( age4 ,he came ) 8 fa!r to ,engl& 9 #ajeg1 z a *ild2 suppos+ him to h be5 #aj ye>s ( age at ?is p]iod1 he w\ld be ( ! great age already m5tion$ at ! "t ! la/ paym5t 0 made4 ,h[ mu* long] he liv$ !re is no evid5ce to %[4 ,! exact place ( 8 resid5ce1 at ?is "t1 is n kn[n4 ,edl+ham ,ca/le1 situat$ ab\t six miles to ! s\?-we/ ( ,alnwick1 has1 ^u ! supposition t ! neighb\r+ village ( ,edl+ham takes its "n f him 7!l+'s ham71 be5 by "s consid]$ to be ! spot4 ,,note ,d4--,page #hg4 ,! appe>ances pres5t$ on ! exam9ation ( ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t 9 ,durham ,ca!dral are 9 consi/5cy ) ! op9ion t ! mitre 0 n 9 vogue 9 ,saxon times4 ,be=e ! body ( ! sa9t 0 put 9 ! %r9e 9 #aajd1 x 0 inspect$4 ,reg9ald1 :o gives u an acc\nt ( ?is circum/ance1 says1 8,^u ! =ehead ( ! holy bi%op !re is a fillet ( gold1 n wov5 "w1 & ( gold only ext]nally1 :i* sp>kles ) mo/ preci\s /ones ( diff]5t k9ds1 scatt]$ all ov] its surface40#aai ,9 #ahbg1 :5 ! rema9s 7 aga9 exam9$1 ,mr4 ,ra9e tells u4 8,! scull ( ! sa9t 0 easily mov$ f its place2 & :5 ?is 0 done1 we obs]v$ on ! =ehead1 & app>5tly con/itut+ a "p ( ! bone itself1 a di/9ct t+e ( gold ( ! bread? ( an ord9>y fillet40 ,x w\ld ?us seem t a gild$ fillet 0 ! only mitre1 if su* x c be call$1 :i* ,/4 ,cu?b]t wore4 ,,f9is4 ,,newca/le-,,^u-,,tyne3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,j4 ,g4 ,,=/] ,,& ,,co41 ,,clayton ,,/reet4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 #a ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 xv4 #b ,ibid4 p4 #c4 #c ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xvii41 p4 #aje4 #d ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 bk4 ,,iv41 *4 ii4 #e ,roscoe's ,life ( ! ,conqu]or1 p4 #ib4 ,see ,note ,a4 at ! end ( ! volume4 #f ,see ,note ,b4 at ! end ( ! volume4 #g ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 xxviii4 #h ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xix41 p4 #ahf4 #i ,/rutt ?us disposes ( a difficulty :i* may occur to "s m9ds4--8,if any "o %\ld say1 by way ( objection to ?is e/abli%$ rule1 t ?\gh ! illum9ator has n giv5 u ! cu/oms1 habits1 c41 ( ^? p he design$ to picture out1 yet is x n mo/ likely t su* dresses z are giv5 %\ld be fictiti\s1 agreeable r to 8 own wild fancy ?an to ! real cu/oms & habits ( 8 own times8 ,to answ] _! objection1 7& t because ! *ief mat]ials ( ! pres5t "w are collect$ f ! anci5t ,,mss47 ! read] mu/ be in=m$1 t _m ( ^! ,,mss4 7especially su* z are illum9at$7 7 done z pres5ts1 or at ! comm& ( k+s & noblem51 :o are g5]ally repres5t$ 9 ! frontispiece 9 _! prop] habits receiv+ ! p>ticul> ,,ms4 done = !m f ! au?or1 & !y are g5]ally pictur$ att5d$ by _! c\rt1 or ret9ue4 ,t ^! figures %\ld be habit$ 9 ! true dress ( ! times w n be d\bt$2 & !n1 z f> z ! anonym\s illum9ations :i* may *ance to foll[ 9 ! ,,ms4 %all agree ) ^? figures 9 ! frontispiece1 s f> !y may be all[$ z au!ntic2 o!r ,,mss4 7 done = p>ticul> abbeys & mona/]ies1 9 ! embelli%m5ts ( :i* no pa9s 7 sp>$4 ,b a /ill great] pro( ( ! au!nticity ( ^! del9eations is1 t on exam9+ all ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ! same c5tury toge!r1 :i*1 ?o' v>i\s1 e "o writt5 & ornam5t$ by diff]5t h&s1 yet on comp>+ ! sev]al del9eations ) ea* o!r1 !y w be f\nd to agree 9 e p>ticul> ( dress1 cu/oms1 c41 ev5 9 ! m9uti1 :i* p]fect similitude x w\ld h be5 impossible to h pres]v$1 _h n "s sure /&>d be5 regul>ly tak5 = ! :ole2 !re=e ! fancy ( ! pa9t] w be f\nd to h little %>e 9 ^! valuable del9eations4 ,besides1 ^! pictures con/antly agree ) ! description ( ! habits & cu/oms ( ! same p]iod1 collect$ f ! old hi/orians40--,/rutt's ,mann]s1 ,cu/oms1 c41 ( ! ,inhabitants ( ,engl&1 vol4 i1 p4 #c4 #aj ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 #afb4 #aa ,ibid4 p4 #afc4 n4 #ab 8,all h hi!rto treat$ ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry z a #8,monum5t ( ! ,conque/ ( ,engl&1' foll[+ !re9 ,m4 ,lancelot1 & speak+ ( x z an unf9i%$ "w3 :]eas x is an apologetical hi/ory ( ! claims ( ,william to ! cr[n ( ,engl&1 & ( ! brea* ( fai?1 & fall ( ,h>old2 & is a p]fect & f9i%$ action40--,mr4 ,hudson ,gurney1 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xvii41 p4 #cfa4 #ac ,! ,abb de la ,rue1 9 an elaborate pap] 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 xvii1 p4 #he-aji71 supports ! op9ion t ! ,tape/ry 0 prep>$ at ! comm& ( ,matilda1 daught] ( ,h5ry ,i4 & wife ( ,h5ry ,v4 ,emp]or ( ,g]many4 ,"l ,lyttleton 7,hi/ory ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 vol4 i1 p4 #cec7 & ,hume 7,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 vol4 i1 note ,f47 ent]ta9 simil> views4 #ad ,vol4 i41 p4 #cbh1 #hvo4 edition4 #ae ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xvii41 p4 #aje4 #af ,"s idea ( ! lab\r involv$ 9 ! "w may be le>n$ f ! numb] ( figures repres5t$ 9 x4 ,x conta9s #fbc m51 #bjb horses1 #ee dogs1 #eje animals ( v>i\s k9ds n already enum]at$1 #cg build+s1 #da %ips & boats1 & #di trees--9 all #aeab figures4 #ag ,see ,plate ,,iii4 #ah ,que5s ( ,engl&1 vol4 i41 p4 #ff1 edition #ahea4 ,i h be5 unable to meet ) any au?ority = ?is /atem5t4 #ai ,9 a %ort visit :i* ,i made to ,italy 9 ! w9t] ( #ahec-d1 ,i paid "s att5tion to ?is subject4 ,i h se5 a vettor9o1 :5 prote/+ t 8 exorbitant *>ge 0 a mo/ reasonable "o1 ?r[ himself into all ! contortions exhibit$ 9 ! ,tape/ry4 #bj ,lives ( ! ,que5s ( ,engl&1 edition #ahec1 p4 #fe4 n4 #ba ,8 words are 8,l'op9ion commune ,bayeux e/ que ce fut la re9e ,ma?ilde1 femme de ,guillaume-le-,conqurant1 qui la fit faire4 ,cette op9ion1 qui passe p\r une tradition dans le pays1 n'a ri5 que de =t vraisemblable40--,jub9al's ,tapiss]ie de ,bayeux1 p4 #a4 #bb ,lett]s f ,norm&y1 vol4 i4 p4 #bda4 #bc ,duc>el1 ,app5dix ,i41 p4 #c4 #bd ,william ( ,malmesbury's ,engli% ,*ronicle 7,bohn's edition71 p4 #aif4 #be ,see ,note ,c41 at ! end ( ! ,volume4 #bf ,bohn's edition1 p4 #bec4 #bg ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 #gf4 #bh ,g5]al ,introduction to ,domesday1 vol4 i41 p4 #cab4 #bi ,duc>el's ,antiquities ( ,norm&y1 ,app5dix1 p4 #d4 #cj ,! fir/ acc\nt ( ! hood is 9 a book writt5 9 ,lat9 by ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ic ,,ii4 ,see ,hi/ory ( ,inv5tions & ,discov]ies by ,john ,beckmann1 translat$ by ,william ,john/on1 vol4 i4 p4 #ccj4 #ca ,introduction to ,domesday1 vol4 i1 p4 #bie4 #cb ,see ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxiv4 #cc ,ri*'s ,companion to ! ,lat9 ,diction>y1 art4 ,adoratio4 #cd ,quot$ 9 ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 #aef4 #ce ,see ,sir ,j4 ,g>dn] ,wilk9son's ,popul> ,acc\nt ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 vol4 i1 p4 #bce2 & ,bonomi's ,n9eveh1 p4 #acf4 #cf ,ar*ologia1 vol4 #bd1 plate ,,lv4 #cg ,illu/rations ( ,cdmon's ,p>aphrase1 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxiv41 p4 #cci1 plate ,,lxxv4 ,hudson ,turn]'s ,dome/ic ,ar*itecture ( ,engl&1 vol4 i41 p4 #d4 #ch ,pictorial ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 vol4 i4 p4 #fcg4 #ci ,taylor's ,wace1 page #g4 #dj ,?is obs]vation1 toge!r ) "s o!rs :i* may n 9 e case require to be specially not$1 has be5 tak5 f a clev] s]ies ( pap]s on ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,ladies' ,newspap] = #ahea-b4 #da ,ak]man on ,celtic & ,teutonic ,weapons4--,ar*41 vol4 xxxiv4 #db ,mr4 ,*>les ,/o?>d 9 ! ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xix1 p4 #ahi4 #dc ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 #aa4 #dd ,introduction to ,domesday1 vol4 ii4 p4 #djd4 #de ,! ,song ( ,rol&1 ,london1 #ahed4 #df ,william ( ,malmesbury1 7,bohn's edition7 p4 #bgi4 #dg ,?i]ry's ,norman ,conque/ 7,london1 #ahda71 p4 #da4 #dh ,! foll[+ passages f ! ,*ronicle ( ,flor5ce ( ,worce/] furni% di/9ct evid5ce z to ! m>riage ( ,h>old ) ,algi?a3--8,regnavit autem ,h>aldus m5sibus ,,ix4 et diebus totidem4 ,cujus morte audita1 comites ,eadw9us et ,morc>us1 qui se cum suis c]tam9i subtrax]e1 ,lundoniam v5]e1 et sororem suam ,algi?am reg9am sumptam ad civitatem ,legionum mis]e40 8,anno regni ,,xxiii4 rex ,anglorum ,eadw>dus decessit4 ,cui ex ipsius concessione comes ,h>oldus1 filius ,godw9i ,we/-,saxonum ducis 444 successit2 qui de reg9a ,aldgi?a1 comitis ,alfg>i filia1 habuit filium ,h>oldum2 eodemque anno a ,normanorum comite ,willelmo p]emptus e/ 9 bello40--,monum5ta ,hi/orica1 pp4 #fad1 #fdb4 #di ,plan*e's ,/rutt1 vol4 i41 p4 #ad4 #ej ,pict4 ,eng41 vol4 i41 p4 #fcg4 #ea ,?i]ry's ,hi/ory ( ! ,normans1 p4 #cf4 #eb ,x is (t5 ass]t$ t ! h\se ( ,p]cy d]iv$ its "n f "o ( ! family hav+ sla9 ,malcolm1 ,k+ ( ,scotl&1 by ?ru/+ ! spe> into 8 eye :5 he came =w>d to dem& ! keys ( ,alnwick ,ca/le4 ,t hi/oric "n occurs 9 ! ,battle ,abbey ,roll1 & is d]iv$ f ! cradle ( ! family1 ! hamlet ( ,p]ci1 9 ,norm&y4 #ec ,! walls ( ,t9tagel ,ca/le 87 evid5tly con/ruct$ 9 a framework ( wood2 ! squ>e holes :i* pi]ce ! walls at regul> int]vals1 f ! f\ndations upw>ds1 %[ ! places once occupi$ by bond pieces1 by :i* ! wood5 frames 7 held toge!r40--,notes by ,rev4 ,w4 ,haslam1 9 ,report ( ,royal ,in/4 ,cornwall1 #ahej4 #ed ,+ulph's ,*ronicle 7,bohn71 p4 #ad4 #ee ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 #hc4 #ef ,! ,normans seem to h be5 p>ticul>ly addict$ to ! wor%ip ( relics4 ,!y c>ri$ !m ab\t _! p]sons1 & _h !m enclos$ 9 ! h&les ( _! swords4 ,9 ! ,song ( ,rol& t h]o is repres5t$1 :5 dy+1 z address+ 8 sword ?us3--8,ah1 ,sa9t ,dur&al6 9 ?y gold5 pommel :at preci\s relics lie hid6 ,a too? ( ,sa9t ,pet]6--,blood ( ,sa9t ,basil6--,hair ( ,monseigneur ,sa9t ,d5is6--,ve/ure ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y6 ,& %all a pagan possess !e80 ,be+ ?us at all times provid$ ) relics1 !y 7 nev] at a loss z to ! adm9i/ration ( an oa?4 ,9 ! ,song already ref]r$ to we h a case 9 po9t3--#8,be x z ?\ wilt1' answ]$ ,ganelon1 & ^u ! relics ( 8 sword he swore to ! treason & consummat$ 8 crime4 #eg ,wace1 p4 #ach4 #eh ,wace1 p4 #bj1 #ba4 #ei ,william ( ,malmesbury1 p4 #bdi4 #fj ,malmesbury1 p4 #beb4 #fa ,vol4 i4 p4 #cbb4 #fb 8,hav+ fir/ wa%$ ! corpse1 x 0 clo!d 9 a /raight l95 g>m5t1 or put into a bag or sack ( l951 & !n wrapp$ closely r\nd f head to foot ) a /rong clo? wrapp]40--,/rutt1 vol4 i41 p4 #ff4 #fc ,! cu/om ( c>ry+ ! dead 9 "s slight envelope to ! s>cophagus :i* 0 to be its la/ re/+ place1 acc\nts = ! mis*ance :i* occurr$ at ! burial ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 =ce be+ requir$ to ?ru/ ! body into its too n>r[ cell4 ,b$e tells u 7,ecc4 ,hi/4 b4 iv4 c4 xi47 h[ ! /one c(f9 = ,sebba1 ,k+ ( ! ,ea/ ,saxons1 0 too small1 & :5 ! att5dants 7 = b5d+ ! knees ( ! corpse a miracle ensu$1 & ! c(f9 elongat$ ( itself4 #fd ,wace1 p4 #hi4 #fe ,annals ( ,rog] de ,hov$51 vol4 i4 p4 #acj4 #ff ,! paludam5tum1 or (ficial dress ( a ,roman g5]al1 to :i* ! episcopal pallium is probably to be trac$1 0 ei!r ( a brilliant :ite1 sc>let1 or purple col\r4 #fg ,see note ,d1 at ! end ( ! volume4 #fh ,h9de on ,comets1 p4 #eb4 #fi ,?i]ry1 p4 #fj4 #gj ,taylor's ,wace4 #ga ,sir ,n4 ,h>ris ,nicolas' ,hi/4 ,royal ,navy1 vol4 i41 p4 #bd4 #gb ,wace1 p4 #abc4 #gc ,vol4 i41 p4 #dfd4 #gd 8,?is mode ( /e]+ 0 reta9$ till a comp>atively late p]iod4 ,9 a bass-relief ov] ! doorway ( ! lean+ t[] ( ,pisa1 built 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 %ips are repres5t$ ) paddle rudd]s1 z ^? 9 ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry repres5t+ ! ,norman ,invasion4 ,!y mu/ h be5 9 use till aft] ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 = 9 ! contracts to supply ,l\is ,,ix4 ) %ips1 ! contractors are b\nd to furni% !m ) two rudd]s4 ,by ! middle ( ! foll[+ c5tury we f9d ! h+$ rudd]s on ! gold noble ( ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,! *ange 9 ! mode ( /e]+ mu/1 !re=e1 h tak5 place ab\t ! end ( ! ?irte5?1 or e>ly 9 ! f\rte5?1 c5tury40--,smi?'s ,voyage & ,%ipwreck ( ,/4 ,paul4 #ge ,!y are engrav$ 9 ,smi?'s ,collectanea ,antiqua1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bch4 #gf ,wace1 p4 #baj4 #gg ,crit4 ,inquiry into ,anci5t ,arm\r1 vol4 i41 p4 #h4 #gh ,:5 ,h>old1 9 #ajfc1 conduct$ an exp$ition aga9/ ! ,wel*1 he f\nd ! heavy arm\r ( 8 troops unsuitable to ! s]vice on :i* !y 7 engag$1 & imm$iately *ang$ x4 ,+ulf says1 8,see+ t ! activity ( ! ,wel*1 prov$ rem>kably effective aga9/ ! m cumbr\s movem5ts ( ! ,engli% & t1 aft] mak+ an attack1 !y retreat$ into ! woods1 :ile our soldi]s1 be+ weigh$ d[n ) _! arms1 7 unable to foll[ !m1 he ord]$ all 8 soldi]s to accu/om !mselves to we> arm\r made ( boil$ lea!r1 & to use light] arms4 ,^u ?is ! ,wel* 7 greatly al>m$1 & submitt$40 #gi ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxiv41 p4 #bgj4 #hj ,see ,f5wick's ,introduction to ! ,slogans ( ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 & ! ,notes to ! ,introduction4 #ha 8,& all _h _! cognizances1 s t ea* might "k 8 fell[1 & ,norman might n /rike ,norman1 nor ,fr5*man kill 8 c\ntryman1 by mi/ake40 ,taylor's ,wace1 p4 #agb4 #hb ,! ,saxons z well z ! ,normans paid great att5tion to ! op9ions ( ! ladies1 ev5 ^u m>tial subjects4 ,/rutt says1 !y 8w\ld n g to battle or und]take any great exp$ition )\t consult+ _! wives1 to ^: advice !y paid ! greate/ reg>d40 ,?is excell5t antiqu>y pays m reg>d to tru? ?an gallantry :5 9 ! same s5t5ce he adds1 8,!y also sup]/iti\sly plac$ great fai? 9 ! neigh+ ( horses40--,mann]s ( ! ,engli%1 vol i41 p4 #ag4 #hc 8,?is /&>d 444 0 sumptu\sly embroid]$ ) gold & preci\s /ones1 9 ! =m ( a man fight+40 ,c ,malmesbury h _h 9 view "h ! description :i* s*ylus gives u ( ! %ield ( ,polynices8 8,8 well-orb'd %ield he holds1 ,new-wr\ght1 & ) d\ble impress *>g$3 ,a w>rior blaz+ all 9 gold5 arms1 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* _! devices40 #hd ,flor5ce ( ,worce/] di/9ctly /ates t x 0 8contr>y to ! cu/om ( ! ,engli% to fight on horseback40--,bohn's ,ed4 p4 #aeg4 #he ,meyrick1 vol4 i41 p4 #bg4 #hf ,ak]man1 9 ! ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxiv4 #hg ,a /ream :i* ent]s ! sea a few miles to ! ea/ ( ! riv] ,orne1 ^u :i* ! city ( ,ca5 is situat$4 #hh ,rog] de ,hov$51 vol4 i41 #acd4 ,ord]icus ,vitalis1 vol4 i41 p4 #dfd4 #hi ,p]haps ?is is an elipsis = ad litus ,pev5s2 m probably1 h[ev]1 ^! irregul>ities ( con/ruction are to be ascrib$ to ! l[ /ate ( ,lat9ity at ! p]iod4 #ij ,a /roke has probably be5 ov] ! la/ ,a 9 ,ha/+a1 s z to make x ,ha/+am1 :i* ! con/ruction requires4 ,rap]5tur seems to h be5 us$ z a depon5t v]b1 contr>y to classical usage4 #ia ,?is 0 n ! fir/ occasion on :i* a simil> occurr5ce took place4 ,! foll[+ passage be>+ ^u ! subject may int]e/ ! read]3--8,?\ saye/ well ,san*o 7quo? ,don ,quixote71 b ,i mu/ tell !e t times are wont to v>y & *ange _! c\rse2 & :at are commonly acc\nt$ om5s by ! vulg>1 ?\gh n )9 ! scope ( reason1 ! wise w nev]!less reg>d z incid5ts ( lucky aspect4 ,y\r wat*] ( om5s rises betimes1 & go+ abroad1 meets a ,franciscan fri>1 :]eupon he hurries back aga91 z if a furi\s dragon _h cross$ 8 way4 ,ano!r happ5s to spill ! salt ^u ! table1 & /raightway 8 s\l is ov]ca/ ) ! dread ( com+ evil3 z if nature _h will$ t su* trivial accid5ts %\ld give notice ( ensu+ mis*ances4 ,! wise man & good *ri/ian w n1 h[ev]1 pry too curi\sly into ! c\nsels ( heav54 ,scipio1 on arriv+ 9 ,africa1 /umbl$ z he leapt on %ore2 8 soldi]s took x = an ill om51 b he1 embrac+ ! gr\nd1 said1 #8,africa1 ?\ can/ n escape me--,i h !e fa/4'0--,don ,quixote1 ,"p ,,ii4 *ap4 lviii4 #ib ,x has be5 argu$ f ! occurr5ce ( ,,at in/ead ( ,,ad1 & ( ,,cea/ra = ,,ca/ra1 9 ^! inscriptions1 t ! cl]k :o wrote !m 0 an ,engli%man4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be borne 9 m9d t ! orig9al ,norman language1 :i* _h a common orig9 ) ! ,saxon1 0 at ! p]iod ( ! ,conque/ spok5 9 comp>ative purity at ,bayeux4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! du*y ,fr5* prevail$4 #ic ,x 0 my privilege :5 w&]+ ov] ! gr\nd r5d]$ memorable by ! battle ( ,ha/+s to enjoy ! companion%ip ( ,mr4 ,l[]1 ( ,lewes4 ,to 8 local k1 8 ext5sive acqua9tance ) antiqu>ian sci5ce1 & 8 fri5dly att5tion1 ,i am l>gely indebt$4 #id ,l[] on ! ,battle ( ,ha/+s1 #8,sussex ,ar*4 ,col41' vi4 #ah4 #ie ,dur+ ! middle ages ! ,engli% 7 mu* giv5 to ! irrev]5t use ( ?is great "n2 s mu* s 0 ?is ! case1 t ,godamites became1 9 ,france1 synonym\s ) ,engli%4 ,joan ( ,arc usually designates h] enemies by ?is t]m4 #if ,vol4 xix41 p4 #bjf4 ,mr4 ,amyot does n pr(ess to adh]e /rictly to ! text ( ,gaim>1 b has introduc$ into 8 translation "s incid5ts m5tion$ by o!r writ]s4 #ig ,on accompany+ ,mr4 ,l[] to ! spot1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahec1 ,i 0 satisfi$ ( ! correctness ( 8 views4 #ih ,sussex ,ar*ological ,collections1 vol4 vi41 p4 #bg4 #ii ,!re has be5 a discussion respect+ ! ^w pu]os1 "s suppos+ t ! p>ties ?us address$ 7 "y soldi]s1 inexp]i5c$ recruits4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ! ^w is equival5t to ! phrase1 8lads0 among u1 or ! ^w 8boys0 9 ! l9es :i* c>ri$ s mu* t]ror to ! he>t ( ,james ! ,second1 aft] he _h se5 a specim5 ( ! /alw>t y\? :i* ,cornwall produces-- 8,& mu/ ,trelawney die1 & mu/ ,trelawney die8 ,!n tw5ty ?\s& ,corni% boys w ask ! reason :y40 #ajj ,b5oit de ,sa9t-,m4 ,taylor's ,wace1 #aic4 #aja ,! special correspond5t ( ,! ,times1 writ+ f ! ,heights ( ,alma1 ,sep4 #ba/1 #ahed1 says1 8,! attitudes ( "s ( ! dead 7 awful4 ,"o man might be se5 re/+ on "o knee1 ) ! arms ext5d$ 9 ! =m ( tak+ aim1 ! br[ compress$1 ! lips cl9*$--! v expression ( fir+ at an enemy /amp$ on ! face & fix$ !re by dea?2 a ball _h /ruck ?is man 9 ! neck4 ,physiologi/s or anatomi/s mu/ settle ! re/4 ,ano!r 0 ly+ on 8 back ) ! same expression1 & 8 arms rais$ 9 a simil> attitude1 ! ,m9i musket /ill grasp$ 9 8 h&s undis*>g$4 ,ano!r lay 9 a p]fect ar*1 8 head re/+ on "o "p ( ! gr\nd & 8 feet on ! o!r1 b 8 back rais$ high above x4--,! ,times1 ,oct4 #aa?1 #ahed4 ,see also ,sir ,*>les ,bell's ,anatomy ( ,expression1 #crd edition1 p4 #afj4 #ajb ,m4 ,a4 ,l[]'s ,battle ,abbey ,*ronicle1 p4 #g4 #ajc ,ibid4 #ajd ,! ,tape/ry repres5ts ! dea? ( ,h>old z rapidly succe$+ ! infliction ( ! w\nd 9 8 eye4 ,! impression left by a p]usal ( ,wace is1 t at lea/ an h\r or two elaps$ betwe5 ! "o ev5t & ! o!r4 ,! div]sity ( /atem5t betwe5 ^! au?orities is probably m app>5t ?an real4 ,aft] ,h>old 0 w\nd$ 9 s important an organ z ! eye1 x 0 impossible t he c\ld long )/& ! onset ( ,william's troops2 8 defeat1 or1 9 o!r words1 8 dea?1 0 c]ta94 ,h[ev] manfully ,h>old may h borne up "u ! inconv5i5ce & pa9 ( 8 w\nd1 ! arti/ ( ! ,tape/ry is logically correct 9 at once br++ u to ! conclusion ( ! sc5e4 #aje ,+ulph's ,*ronicle1 p4 #aci4 #ajf ,l[]'s ,*ronicle ( ,battle ,abbey1 p4 #aa4 #ajg ,sussex ,ar*ological ,collections1 vol4 #a41 page #cc4--;,= "s ye>s ! public h be5 admitt$ to ! ,abbey gr\nds only on "o day ( ! week1 & t ! day 7,monday7 mo/ inconv5i5t to ^? :o reside at a di/ance f ,battle4 ,let u hope t h5ce=? no "o respectfully reque/+ p]mission to muse ^u ! spot :]e ! de$ 0 done on :i* ! mod]n hi/ory ( ! _w has turn$1 w meet ) a d5ial4 #ajh ,hi/ory ( ! ,anglo-,saxons 7,european ,libr>y71 p4 #ccg4 #aji ,l+>d's ,hi/4 ,eng41 vol4 i41 p4 #cac4 #aaj ,vol4 i41 p4 #dhg4 #aaa ,g5]al ,introduction to ,domesday1 vol4 i4 p4 #caa4 ,9 all probability ,william obta9$ ! title ( ,conqu]or f ! ,lat9 ^w conquiro1 :i* 9 its legal acceptation signifi$ to acquire4 ,x is /ill us$ 9 ?is s5se by ! ,scotti% lawy]s4 #aab ,saxon ,*ronicle1 ,bohn's edition1 p4 #dfb4 #aac ,+ulph's ,*ronicle1 p4 #adj4 #aad ,h5ry ( ,hunt+don1 vol4 i4 p4 #baf4 #aae ,william ( ,malmesbury1 p4 #bgi4 #aaf ,see ,wright's ,biographia ,britannica1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aj4 #aag ,w\ld n ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica d well to notice ?is8 #aah ,hodgson's ,nor?umb]l&1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,"p iii41 pp4 #c1 #aa4 #aai ,ra9e's ,/4 ,cu?b]t1 p4 #hh4